chunks
stringlengths 1
133k
|
|---|
Maria Lioudaki (November 22, 1894 - December 4, 1947) was a Greek educator, folklorist, and resistance fighter. She promoted social action in Lasithi with her friend, Maria Drandaki (1914-1947), with whom she was arrested and killed during the Greek Civil War. Personal life Lioudaki was born on November 22, 1894, in Latsida of Apano Mirabello, in the countryside of Crete to farmer Georgios Lioudakis and Aikaterini, from the genus Papazachariadis (family clan), and was the oldest of their 8 children. Growing up in a rural family, she experienced the sounds of the "Mantinadas" in the fields at work, in social gatherings, in dances; with emotional devotion. Education She studied at the Girl's School of Naples and in 1908, immediately after graduation at the age of 14, began her career as a sub-teacher at the primary school of Kritsa. She also taught at Agios Georgios in Lassithi and at Fourni Mirabellou from 1912 to 1914. In 1914 she graduated with honors from the School of Heraklion. From 1925 - 1927, after successfully passing her examinations, she studied at the University of Athens. In her postgraduate studies she was taught by Manolis Triantafyllidis, Dimitris Glinos, and Alexandros Delmouzos who instilled in her the idea of educational reform, including giving education to all social classes. Triantafyllidis distinguished Lioudaki for her spiritual interests and introduced her to Folklore. Triantaphyllides also supported and instilled in Lioudaki the then-new ideas of educational reform. She received her postgraduate degree with honors. Career After graduating, from 1927 - 1937, she took over as Principal of the Girl's School of Ierapetra which was housed in the old Turkish school in Mehtepi. She sought to fix the school, which was in a miserable state and put the schoolgirls in danger. She complained about the poor condition of the building, and in 1929, sent a letter to the parents, who were mostly workers, fishermen, and farmers, saying. "Make sure you find your masters, move, work for your children." She shared her food with the poorest children in the school, and conducted extra classes without pay. In Lioudaki's writings, lectures, and teaching spread Greek language and literature with the aim of communicating and educating the poor, contributing to the struggle for their spiritual upliftment. She translated Sophocles' play Electra into a measured elementary school play, presented in 1929 by the students of Ierapetra High School. At the same time she took part in the trade union struggles: to improve the position of teachers and to provide a better Education to the children of the people."Man must be educated, and education does not distinguish in society between young and old, high and low. He who is not a coward in front of the supposed superiors and tortures his inferiors. An educated person is one who puts himself in second place to serve his neighbor. Educated is the man who suffers for their sorrow and rejoices for their joy. Education is something divine, he is the god who dwells in us."At the same time, she was also financially supporting her family including her siblings' educations and |
her youngest sister Hara's fiancé Napoleon Soukatzidis. Folklore Apart from being a teacher, Maria Lioudaki was the author of 21 textbooks and a distinguished folklorist. She published children's works, such as the collections of children's fairy tales, Grandmother's Knees (Στης γιαγιάς τα γόνατα), Around the brazier (Γύρω στο μαγκάλ), and others. She received the First Prize of the Academy of Athens for the collection of Mantinades of Crete (Μαντινάδες Κρήτης). In the prologue of Mantinades of Crete Lioudaki refers to those who helped her in the work of collecting mantinadas in various ways. She makes a special reference to Napoleon Soukatzidis about whom she writes: "I especially thank the most noble and progressive child Napoleon Soukatzidis, who worked tirelessly in the collection of mantinades. Most of these are among the thousands he found… ” In April 1937 she became the assistant sorter under George Megas in the Folklore Archive of the Academy of Athens due to her exceptional folklore work. The author Manolis Milt. Papadakis in his book "Maria Lioudaki. The Priestess of Education" writes with what enthusiasm the martyr teacher Lioudaki recorded throughout her life thousands of Mantinadas, fairy tales, obituaries, opinions, tongue twisters and all the customs of the Cretan people. Hundreds of fairy tales and other works of Lioudaki are currently in the Folklore Archive of the Academy of Athens still unpublished. Resistance Metaxas Regime In 1936, Ioannis Metaxas was appointed Prime minister of Greece by King George II. On August 4, 1936, with the support of King George II, Metaxas initiated a self-coup and established an authoritarian, nationalist and anti-communist regime, specifically outlawing the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). As such, Lioudaki's sister's fiancé Napoleon Soukatzidis was imprisoned for being a communist in April 1937. While in prison, Lioudaki wrote Soukatzidis letters, which were intercepted by the Metaxas regime. These letters were used as evidence against her and described as an offense "concerning the security of the social status." The Ministry of Education asked Lioudaki to sign a statement denouncing communism and dissolving her sister's engagement, but Lioudaki refused. As a result of her refusal to sign the statement, Lioudaki was demoted from Principal to regular teacher at Ierapetra. The new principal at the school intervened to bring new disciplinary proceedings against Lioudaki claiming "the social regime is plotting!" Lioudaki was punished with six months suspension and a 50% cut in her salary. Nazi Regime During April–May 1941, Nazi Germany invaded and began occupying Greece. During this period, KKE sought to reform the party with additional subsidiary groups and an anti-axis focus. In 1941, Lioudaki joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), becoming an important member of the militant resistance arm National Liberation Front (Greece) (EAM). She became a resistance coordinator along with Maria Drandaki and Maria Athanasaki to provide assistance to victims. Their activities included supporting orphans and homeless individuals resulting from the Viannos massacres, a mass extermination campaign launched by German forces against the civilian residents of around 20 villages near Crete, killing more than 500 people. In Drandaki's home and shop, Lioudaki would listen to |
illegal radio broadcasts from Allied forces (World War II) and prepare daily news bulletins which were distributed widely with other members of KKE. As a result of her resistance efforts, she was expelled from the Folklore Archives. Death Dekemvriana & Treaty of Varkiza After four years of Italian occupation at followed by German occupation, Ierapetra was liberated on September 12, 1944. EAM made efforts to rebuild the city and support efforts to feed inhabitants in the city. Lioudaki played a leading role in supporting food and culture. Tensions rose between the Communist Forces and the Greek government, culimnating in Dekemvriana, a series of clashes fought during World War II in Athens from 3 December 1944 to 11 January 1945. As a solution to these clashes, the Treaty of Varkiza was signed on February 12, 1945. According to the treaty, EAM had agreed to disarm as long as they would be allowed full participation in political activities. Ultimately, the promises enshrined in the Treaty of Varkiza were not upheld. The main problem was that the treaty gave amnesty only for political reasons, but many actions by communists during the Dekemvriana were viewed as nonpolitical. After the signing of the Varkiza pact, there was widespread persecution of communists and former EAM members and supporters. This period, immediately prior to the outbreak of the Greek Civil War, was known as the White Terror (Greece) (1945–46). The country became polarized, eventually leading to the outbreak of the Greek Civil War in March 1946, which lasted until 1949. The Communist Party of Greece remained legal during the Greek Civil War until 27 December 1947. Death In May 1947, Lioudaki was arrested, together with Drandaki by the armed group of Bandouvas on November 26, 1947. Bandouvas and his team gathered a large number of citizens in the courtroom of Ierapetra and asked them to renounce communism. Those who did not do so were arrested. Among the detainees were Lioudaki and Drandaki. The two women were first taken to the Badouva stables and then to the Heraklion gendarmerie, where they were tortured, raped, and hanged on December 4, 1947. Drandaki was executed with a spear, and Lioudaki was strangled. Then Drandaki and Lioudaki were beheaded and their bodies crushed with stones and then thrown into a ravine in Myrtia, Heraklion. Six months later, the bodies of the two women were identified on the roof of the Prefecture of Heraklion. They were found by a farmer near the stables of Baduwa and identified by the braids in their clothing. Maria's sister, Chara Lioudaki, survived and died in 2000. Legacy A street in Ierapetra is named after Lioudaki and Drandaki. In the square of Latsida Mirabello, a village near Neapoli, Lassithi, there is a sculpture monument in memory of Lioudaki. The Library of the Educational Home of Ierapetra was named after Lioudaki, as well as the Association of Primary Education Teachers. References 1894 births 1947 deaths Greek educators |
Ara Torosian (born 21 Jan 1979) is an Armenian-Iranian-American pastor and music producer. Torosian is a full-time pastor at Cornerstone West Los Angeles. He is the producer of the one of the first Farsi Christian music albums. Early life and family Ara Torosian was born into a middle-class Armenian-Iranian family in Tehran, Iran, during the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Torosian's father was a welder. In 2001, he died in an explosion at his workplace. Torosian's mother was an elementary school teacher. He has a one-year older sister, Lara. At the age of 15, Torosian aspired to become a soccer player. However, an accident left him gravely injured, and he could not become a soccer player. Education and career Torosian received his early education in Tehran, Iran. When he was 18, he decided to attend a small evangelical church in Iran and began his career as a pastor. In 2001, Torosian officially became a pastor. In 2002, he was invited to become a pastor for Iranian refugees in Istanbul, Turkey. He started a school for refugee children with some colleagues. During that time, Torosian came across some refugee children who played musical instruments and praise hymns. In 2002, he produced the first Farsi Christian music album. Subsequently, he went to Bible college to study theology, graduating in 2003. In 2009, he moved to Los Angeles with his wife. In 2005, Torosian was caught for bringing the Bible to Iran as he was pastoring underground churches. He remained under house arrest for two years. Torosian has released one album. He has produced over 14 Farsi Christian music videos. As a music producer, he has teamed up with various Iranian and international music artists and pop stars, including Swedish singer Cameron Cartio, Iranian singer Helen Matevosian, Armenian singer André Sergeyi Hovnanyan, and Lebanese-Armenian singer and Christian worship leader Salpi Keleshian. In 2018, Torosian became a full-time pastor at Cornerstone West Los Angeles. Personal life In 2005, Torosian married his wife, Anet. In December 2009, Torosian and Anet moved to Los Angeles as refugees. References Living people 1979 births Iranian Christians American people of Iranian descent American people of Armenian descent Iranian Protestant missionaries Armenian Protestant missionaries |
Rhodactis inchoata, otherwise known as the bullseye mushroom or Tonga blue mushroom, is a species of coral in the genus Rhodactis, this species is also, but more uncommonly, referred to as the hairy or small elephant ear mushroom. This species of Rhodactis cnidarian can also sometimes be kept in aquariums, and mostly prefers low to medium lighting in the room where it is kept in, and a low level in water movement, which makes this species easy to keep as a aquarium pet. Aquarium care This species of coral mostly prefers low to medium light, and low lighting in general, in its environment, as well as low-water movement, which makes this species easy to maintain in an aquarium, which normally requires for the coral to be in the lower-regions of the aquarium tank, seeing as how it will be partially shaded off from all other light sources which might disturb it. The species itself is semi-aggressive, which, if you put it in a aquarium tank, you will have to be precise where abouts you put it, as it might damage, or even kill, other species in the tank itself due to how it is semi-aggressive in behaviour, and proper spacing must be observed in the tank. Symbiotic relationships R. inchoata has a symbiotic relationship with the species of algae called zooxanthellae, and this species of algae is contained within the tissues of R. inchoata. But when in captivity, you are required to feed this species nanoplankton, but you may add dissolved organics in the water itself if needed to. Distribution R. inchoata can be found in the waters of the indo-pacific ocean. Description R. inochoata possess a small surface covered all in with tentacles which form small clusters which give this species a unique appearance when comparing it to other corals. The stalk of this species is relatively small, and is often not noticed when spotted in a reef. The area around the oral disk of this species is bare, which makes R. inochoata an easy species to identify when going Scuba diving or when looking for it. R. inochoata can sometimes be found with purple bodies, and green margins, highlights of these margins include multicoloured green, red and blue, and while also possessing a red coloured mouth. This species can actually warp to the surface of the oral disc, which changes the water flow around them and direct particulate and flocculent material which they then move to their mucous-covered centre in order to absorb the material. R. inochoata has been known to grow up to 1.5 - 3" (4 - 8 cm), however, the lifespan of this species has not been documented yet, leaving people puzzled about how long R. inochoata lives for. See also Rhodactis Cnidaria Mushroom coral References Cnidaria Hexacorallia Corallimorpharia |
Rahul Roy is an Indian politician from the state of Assam. He is a former member of Assam Legislative Assembly for Algapur, serving from 2006 to 2011. He is a former member of Indian National Congress, but is currently independent. He unsuccessfully sought reelection in Algapur in 2011, and in 2016. In 2021, he unsuccessfully sought the Udharbond seat, but was the richest candidate in the election. He is the son of former minister Gautam Roy, son of former member of Assam Legislative Assembly Mandira Roy, grandson of former member of Assam Legislative Assembly Santosh Kumar Roy and is married to Daisy Roy who was an independent candidate for the Algapur seat in 2021. References Indian National Congress politicians from Assam Assam MLAs 2006–2011 |
Palyanytsia (Паляни́ця) is a type of Ukrainian hearth-baked bread, made mostly of wheat flour. The bread has a semi-circular cut across the top third of the load. Etymology The word comes from "пали́ти", the Ukrainian word for "to burn" or "smoke". This is because, when baking the bread, the raised crust can sometimes be burned. In the 19th century, the Russians used similar names. Ahatanhel Krymsky,a noted Ukrainophile and scholar, believed that the word "palyanitsa" comes from the Greek "pelanos" (Πελανος). Recipe Traditional palyanitsa was baked from yeast dough. First, hops were boiled in a pot, which was then poured into a makitra, to which sifted wheat flour was added. The resulting dough was kneaded, covered with a makitra and left to cool. Yeast or sourdough was added to the cooled dough and placed in an unheated oven overnight. In the morning, the dough that had already risen was kneaded with wheat flour, and warm water and salt were added. The dough was then kneaded at night until it stopped sticking to the baker's hands. After that, the dough was divided into pieces, which were then rolled out on the table. The resulting bread was placed in the oven on a wooden shovel, sprinkled with flour or steamed cabbage leaf. Finally, an incision was made in the bread to allow it to rise further when baked. According to GOST 12793-77, the bakeries of the USSR produced a standardized "Ukrainian palyanitsa" baked in molds. It had a weight of 750g-1kg, with a lateral cut of 3/4 of a circle. Symbolism In Christianity, palyanitsa, like bread in general, symbolizes happiness and well-being, the body of God, affection, hospitality and security. Palyanitsa can also be interpreted as a symbol of the sun. According to popular belief, you should not eat a piece of palyanitsa after another person, as doing so will take away their happiness. It is also unlucky to leave a piece uneaten; and eating bread behind another person's back will "eat" their strength. Other uses The word "palyanytsia" is used as a shibboleth in the Ukrainian language, to identify people for whom the Ukrainian language is not native. Russians tend to pronounce "palyanitsa" with a soft sound "i" rather than "и", and "ц" sometimes replaces "тс". During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the word became one of those proposed to use to identify subversive enemy reconnaissance groups. See also Korovai Knish References Baked goods National symbols of Ukraine Ukrainian cuisine |
Bianca Jolie Fernandez (born 24 February 2004) is a Canadian tennis player. Fernandez has a career high WTA singles ranking of 914 achieved on 21 February 2022. She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 743 achieved on 13 September 2021. Fernandez made her WTA main draw debut at the 2022 Monterrey Open in the doubles draw partnering her sister Leylah. She also took part in a mixed doubles match with her sister and the Bryan brothers at the 2022 Delray Beach Open. References External links 2004 births Living people Canadian female tennis players Canadian sportspeople of Filipino descent Canadian people of Ecuadorian descent |
Condons and Clangibbon () is a barony in County Cork, Republic of Ireland. Etymology Condons and Clangibbon takes its name two ruling Norman-Irish families: Condons or Cauntons (Condún), and the FitzGibbons or White Knight. Geography Condons and Clangibbon is located in the northeast of County Cork. History The Condon territory was originally held by the O'Kiefs, before being conquered by the Norman Condons. Clangibbon was known as Ive-le-bane (Uibh Le Bán), "the white territory." Later much of the barony was owned by the Earls of Kingston. List of settlements Below is a list of settlements in Condons and Clangibbon: Clondulane Fermoy Kildorrery Kilworth Mitchelstown See also List of townlands of the barony of Condons & Clangibbon References Baronies of County Cork |
The 2022 Chattanooga Red Wolves SC season will be the fourth season in the soccer team's history, all of which they've competed in USL League One, a league in the third division of American soccer. They will play their home games at CHI Memorial Stadium in East Ridge, Tennessee. This will be their third season playing for manager Jimmy Obleda. Chattanooga Red Wolves are coming off of a 3rd-place finish from last season, the most successful season in the club's history at the time. Club Roster Competitions Exhibitions USL League One Standings Match results U.S. Open Cup References Chattanooga Red Wolves SC seasons Chattanooga Red Wolves SC Chattanooga Red Wolves SC Chattanooga Red Wolves SC |
Turatsinze Nkiko Prosper (born 1985) professionally known as Mico The Best is a multitalented Rwandan musician. Who started his music career in 2008 with releasing his single 'Umuzungu' and after he kind of stopped his music to join audio production and helping upcoming artists. In 2013 Mico joined former popular record label 'Super Level' to continue his career where he left in 2017. Since 2019 Mico makes music under Kikac Music Label. Awards In 2020 Mico's single 'igare' awarded as the best song of the summer in Kiss Summer Awards. references Rwandan artists Rwandan musicians Living people 1985 births |
Michael A. O'Donnell (born June 17, 1968) is an American politician serving as a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 95th district. Elected in November 2018, he assumed office in January 2019. Early life and education O'Donnell was born in St. Louis and raised in Oakville, Missouri. After graduating from Lindbergh High School, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration from the University of Missouri–St. Louis and a Master of Science in military strategic intelligence from American Military University. Career O'Donnell served as an intelligence officer in the United States Navy Reserve. During his tenure, he was deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. O'Donnell later worked as a municipal bond trader for Wells Fargo. O'Donnell was in New York City during the September 11 attacks and was scheduled to attend a business meeting on the 104th floor of the World Trade Center. O'Donnell was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in November 2018 and assumed office in January 2019. He also serves as vice chair of the House Financial Institutions Committee. References 1968 births Missouri Republicans Members of the Missouri House of Representatives People from St. Louis County, Missouri University of Missouri–St. Louis alumni |