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G. Bruce Boyer

G. Bruce Boyer (born 1941) is a journalist who was the fashion editor for Town & Country. Often cited as an authority on men's fashion, he was formerly fashion editor for GQ and Esquire. Before his career in menswear journalism, Boyer studied English literature in Moravian and holds a graduate and master's degree in the subject. He has also worked as an English literature professor for seven years. Bibliography Elegance: A Guide to Quality in Menswear (Norton, 1985) Eminently Suitable (Norton, 1990) Fred Astaire Style (Assouline, 2004) Rebel Style (Assouline, 2006) Gary Cooper – Enduring Style (PowerHouse Books, 2011) True Style: The History & Principles of Classic Menswear (Basic Books, 2015) References Category:Living people Category:American fashion journalists Category:1941 births

2019 World Rowing Championships – Men's lightweight single sculls

The men's lightweight single sculls competition at the 2019 World Rowing Championships took place at the Linz-Ottensheim regatta venue. Schedule The schedule was as follows: All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) Results Heats The three fastest boats in each heat advanced directly to the quarterfinals. The remaining boats were sent to the repechages. Heat 1 Heat 2 Heat 3 Heat 4 Heat 5 Heat 6 Repechages The two fastest boats in each repechage advanced to the quarterfinals. The remaining boats were sent to the E/F semifinals. Repechage 1 Repechage 2 Repechage 3 Quarterfinals The three fastest boats in each quarter advanced to the A/B semifinals. The remaining boats were sent to the C/D semifinals. Quarterfinal 1 Quarterfinal 2 Quarterfinal 3 Quarterfinal 4 Semifinals E/F The three fastest boats in each semi were sent to the E final. The remaining boats were sent to the F final. Semifinal 1 Semifinal 2 Semifinals C/D The three fastest boats in each semi were sent to the C final. The remaining boats were sent to the D final. Semifinal 1 Semifinal 2 Semifinals A/B The three fastest boats in each semi advanced to the A final. The remaining boats were sent to the B final. Semifinal 1 Semifinal 2 Finals The A final determined the rankings for places 1 to 6. Additional rankings were determined in the other finals. Final F Final E Final D Final C Final B Final A References Category:2019 World Rowing Championships

Succinipatopsis

Succinipatopsis balticus is an extinct onychophoran known from Eocene-aged Baltic amber. References Category:Monotypic protostome genera Category:Prehistoric onychophorans Category:Onychophoran genera Category:Prehistoric protostome genera Category:Baltic amber Category:Fossil taxa described in 2000

Piá (footballer, born 1973)

Reginaldo Revelino Jandoso known as Piá (born 28 November 1973) was a Brazilian football player and manager. He spent most of his career in São Paulo state and played over 100 matches in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Biography Born in Cornélio Procópio, Paraná to Divino Jandoso and Benedita Fernandes Jandoso, Piá moved to Limeira, São Paulo state at young age. He started his career at Internacional of Limeira. He finished as the champion of 1996 Campeonato Paulista Série A2 (League of São Paulo State Second Division). It was reported that he scored 6 goals in 35 appearances for Inter. Brazilian Top Division In mid-1996 he left for Santos FC, where he made his Campeonato Brasileiro Série A debut with team in 1996 season. After played for the team at 1997 Copa do Brasil and 1997 Campeonato Paulista, he left the club. In 1998 season he played for Bragantino at 1998 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. In 1999 season he switched to play for Ponte Preta. In 2000 season he returned to Santos and played at 2000 Campeonato Paulista and 2000 Copa do Brasil. He then returned to Ponte Preta and stayed with team for 3½ seasons. He was injured in the first round of 2003 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, missed a few months. 2004 In 2004 season he left for Corinthians Paulista, but only played 5 times in 2004 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. In June he left the club for Portuguesa de Desportos. He made his Série B debut for the club on 3 July 2004 (round 11), winning Santo André 3–0. Since then he was the absolute starter of the team, only missed the last round (round 23) and round 15 (30 July). 2005 In January 2005 he was signed by Corinthians of Alagoas state. At the mid of Campeonato Alagoano, he was loaned to Santa Cruz in April, for 2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. He played his club debut on 8 May 2005, replacing Otacilio in 80th minute, winning Portuguesa de Desportos 1–0. In September he was re-signed by Ponte Preta for 2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Brazilian Second Division 2006 In January 2006 he left for União São João of 2006 Campeonato Paulista Série A2. In May he left for São Raimundo of Amazonas state, for 2006 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. He made his club debut on 27 May 2006, winning Ituano 2–1. 2007 In February 2007, Piá returned to União São João, after a brief trail at PAOK. He was an unused bench for PAOK against Panathinaikos on 3 February 2007. With União São João, he finished as the fourth of Group B of the second phase (total of 8 teams divided into 2 groups) of 2007 Campeonato Paulista Série A2. He played 18 league matches and scored 7 goals (including 5 penalty) for the club, as team second scorer, 1 goal behind Thiago Tremonti. In August he left for Ituano of 2007 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. The team finished as the bottom and relegated. He scored his debut goal on 4 September 2007 (round 23), winning Gama 2–0. He also invited to play at 2007 Copa Gazeta de Limeira, for amateur side Esporte Clube Santa Cruz (of Vila Queiroz, Limeira), which the team winning the cup of the city. Late career 2008 In January 2008, he started the season in Campeonato Paulista Série A2 with Comercial of Ribeirão Preto (reg. number: 0833/08). He made his club debut on 23 January 2008, round 2 of the state league. He also played the next match. On 31 January 2008 he switched to Rio Preto, for Campeonato Paulista Série A1. He made his club debut on 2 February (round 6), losing to Marília 1–3. In total he played 7 matches in the state league first level. In May he was signed by Sampaio Corrêa of Maranhão state, for 2008 Campeonato Maranhense and 2008 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. He was released in July after failed to play any match in the national league. In August he returned to União São João for 2008 Copa Paulista, which he scored 3 goals (2 of them were penalty) in 7 club appearances. He also played for Santa Cruz of Limeira, scored 2 goals in 2008 Copa Gazeta de Limeira. The team was eliminated in the semi-final. 2009 In January 2009 he extended his contract with União São João, for 2009 Campeonato Paulista Série A2. He scored 5 goals (included 1 penalty) in the state league (in 16+6 games), as team second topscorer, behind Andre Luiz. In July 2009 he left for Campeonato Brasileiro Série C side Gama, and made his club debut on 5 July 2009 (the fifth match), against Mixto, but left the club after the 7th game (out of 8 matches), as the team failed to qualify for the next stage. He was signed by CSA on 29 July 2009, for 2009 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. He scored a debut goal on 1 August, winning Sergipe 2–0. The team 2–2 draw in the next round on 9 August, thus failed to qualify for the next stage. He also played the 2009 edition of Copa Gazeta de Limeira. 2010 In February 2010 he left returned to Comercial, after informally agreed a deal with Sport Club Barueri (ex-Campinas Futebol Clube) He played for the team at 2010 Campeonato Paulista Série A3, scored 2 goals. In June he left for Independente of Limeira, played at 2010 Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão, scored twice (included 1 penalty) in 6 games, including 2 derby against his former club Inter de Limeira. The team failed to advance to the next stage, finished as the 6th (out of 7 teams) in Group 3. The first stage consist of 46 teams and divided into 6 groups. He played at 2010 Copa Gazeta for América of Iracemápolis. 2011 On 20 December 2010 he joined Aparecidense until the end of 2011 Campeonato Goiano. He then left for Seringueira Kahel and played in 2011 Copa Gazeta. 2013 He was a player for União São João in 2013 Campeonato Paulista Série A3. Personal life In 2001, he was found guilty of illegal possession of a weapon, which happened in 1997. He acquitted a murder case which happened in 1999, on 3 April 2008. He was arrested again in 2014 for alleged robbery on ATMs. Honours Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 1996 References External links Brazilian League stats. at Futpedia Category:People from Cornélio Procópio Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian footballers Category:Brazilian football managers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Greece Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players Category:Associação Atlética Internacional (Limeira) players Category:Santos FC players Category:Coritiba Foot Ball Club players Category:Clube Atlético Bragantino players Category:Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players Category:Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players Category:Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players Category:Sport Club Corinthians Alagoano players Category:Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players Category:União São João Esporte Clube players Category:São Raimundo Esporte Clube footballers Category:PAOK FC players Category:Ituano FC players Category:Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players Category:Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube players Category:Centro Sportivo Alagoano players Category:Independente Futebol Clube players Category:Associação Atlética Aparecidense players

New Hanover, KwaZulu-Natal

New Hanover is a small town in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, north-east of Pietermaritzburg and south of Greytown. It was founded in 1850 and has been administered by a health committee since 1933. It was named after city of Hanover in Germany by the German settlers. Today this area's principal economy is the sugarcane industry, while the farming of fruits, grains and timber also feature prominently. References Category:Populated places in the uMshwathi Local Municipality Category:Populated places established in 1850 Category:German settlements in South Africa

Festival dei Due Mondi

For the Spoleto Festival USA, see Spoleto Festival USA and for the Spoleto Festival Melbourne see Melbourne International Arts Festival. The Festival dei Due Mondi (Festival of the Two Worlds) is an annual summer music and opera festival held each June to early July in Spoleto, Italy, since its founding by composer Gian Carlo Menotti in 1958. It features a vast array of concerts, opera, dance, drama, visual arts and roundtable discussions on science. The "Two Worlds" in the name of the festival comes from Gian Carlo Menotti's intention to have the worlds of American and European culture facing each other in his event; this concept would then be strengthened by the fact that it was held in conjunction with its "twin", the Spoleto Festival USA held annually in May/June in Charleston, South Carolina. That twinning lasted some 15 years and, after growing disputes between the Menotti family and the board of Spoleto Festival USA, in the early 1990s a separation occurred. Under Menotti's direction in 1986, a third installment in the Spoleto Festival series was held in Melbourne, Australia. Melbourne's Spoleto Festival changed its name to the Melbourne International Festival of the Arts in 1990. Following Menotti's death in 2007, changes occurred in the administration with the result that the Italian Minister of Cultural Affairs appointed a new Artistic Administrator who continues to run the Festival. The Italian Festival's location and activities Because Spoleto was a small town, where real estate and other goods and services were at the time relatively inexpensive, and also because there are two indoor theatres, a Roman theatre, and many other spaces, it was chosen by Menotti as the venue for an arts festival. It is also fairly close to Rome, with good rail connections. Changes in administration Following Menotti's death in February 2007, the city administrations of Spoleto and Charleston started talks to re-unite the two festivals, which resulted in the Mayor of Spoleto, Massimo Brunini, attending the opening ceremony of Spoleto Festival USA in May 2008. However, at the time of the 2007 Festival, the President and Artistic Director was Menotti's adopted son, Francis "Chip" Menotti and, in the fall of 2007, the Italian Minister of Cultural Affairs, Francesco Rutelli—after unsuccessful negotiations with Menotti—removed him from his position and named Giorgio Ferrara new artistic director of the festival. This has resulted in continuing controversy between representatives of the "old" and "new" managements of the Festival, as exemplified by the maintenance of a website critical of the former management, which can be seen below. Prominent artists who have been involved Luchino Visconti Eduardo De Filippo Rudolf Nureyev Carla Fracci Thomas Schippers Romolo Valli Ken Russell Nino Rota Roman Polanski Ezra Pound Vittorio Gassman Arnoldo Foà Luciano Pavarotti Joaquin Cortes Ralph Farris Al Pacino Marisa Berenson See also List of opera festivals Francis Menotti References Notes Sources Daniel Wakin, "Spoleto Italy: The Menottis Are History", 'The New York Times, June 27, 2008. External links Official website of the present Festival dei Due mondi Pre-2008 Festival management's website Due Mondi Category:Opera festivals Category:Summer festivals Category:Spoleto Category:Tourist attractions in Umbria Category:Recurring events established in 1958 Category:1958 establishments in Italy

Amir Kola, Shirgah

Amir Kola (, also Romanized as Amīr Kolā) is a village in Lafur Rural District, North Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported. References Category:Populated places in Savadkuh County

Koblach

Koblach is a municipality in the district of Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Population References Category:Bregenz Forest Mountains Category:Cities and towns in Feldkirch District

Fijians

Fijians () are a nation and ethnic group native to Fiji, who speak Fijian and share a common history and culture. Fijians, or iTaukei, are the major indigenous people of the Fiji Islands, and live in an area informally called Melanesia. Indigenous Fijians are believed to have arrived in Fiji from western Melanesia approximately 3,500 years ago, though the exact origins of the Fijian people are unknown. Later they would move onward to other surrounding islands, including Rotuma, as well as blending with other (Polynesian) settlers on Tonga and Samoa. They are indigenous to all parts of Fiji except the island of Rotuma. The original settlers are now called "Lapita people" after a distinctive pottery produced locally. Lapita pottery was found in the area from 800 BCE onward. As of 2005, indigenous Fijians constituted slightly more than half of the total Fijian population. Indigenous Fijians are predominantly of Melanesian extraction, with some Polynesian admixture. Australia has the largest Fijian expatriate population, according to the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs, while Fijians were also the fifth largest Pacific ethnic group living in New Zealand; a decrease of 8 percent between 1996 and 2001. In 2001, the estimated Pacific Islander population size is 231,800 Fijians comprising about 7,000 of that. Outside Oceania, a substantial Fijian diaspora is found in other anglophone countries, namely Canada, United States and the United Kingdom. The Bose Levu Vakaturaga (Great Council of Chiefs) once passed laws and regulations governing the indigenous Fijian people. Until its disbanding by the Military of Fiji following the 2006 coup, the Great Council of Chiefs met yearly to discuss native Fijian concerns. The council, which was formerly responsible for appointing Fiji's president, was composed of 55 Fijian chiefs selected from the 14 provinces. Included in the council were three appointees from the island of Rotuma and six appointed by the Minister of Fijian Affairs. The Minister of Fijian Affairs consulted with the President as part of the selection process. Former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka was given a lifetime appointment on the council. Culture The native Fijian language belongs to the Central Pacific (Fijian – Polynesian) branch of the Austronesian family. The Fijian traditions are centred around ceremonies and events, that bond the community. Yaqona (pronounced Yah -gohna), otherwise known as kava – another important traditional custom – is an infusion prepared from the root of Piper methysticum, a type of pepper plant. The plant itself is also often referred to as yaqona or the kava plant. Yaqona is extremely important in indigenous Fijian culture – in the time of the 'old religion' it was used ceremonially by chiefs and priests only. Today, yaqona is part of daily life, both in villages and in urban areas and across all classes and walks of life. 'Having a grog' or 'drinking grog', as drinking kava is sometimes known, is used for welcoming and bonding with visitors, for storytelling sessions or merely for passing time. The Tabua is a much revered whale's tooth which is used in both public and private occasions or ceremonies. The tooth is considered sacred. About 86 percent of the land in Fiji is owned by indigenous Fijian people. In 1876, Sir Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, the British colonial Governor, prohibited the sale of Fijian land to non-ethnic Fijians. This policy continues today. The Governor also banned the employment of native Fijians as labourers, and in 1878, began importing indentured labourers from India to work in the sugarcane fields. The effects of this immigration created an ethnic polarisation and rampant Anti-Indian sentiment, which has proven to be politically challenging to Fijian race relations. Indigenous Fijians overwhelmingly report as being Christian, with the Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma claiming the loyalty of 66.6% (1996 census). Other significant denominations include the Roman Catholic Church (13.3%), the Assemblies of God (6.2%) and the Seventh-day Adventists (5.1%). About 8% belong to other churches from a large number of denominations. Only about 0.8% report as following non-Christian religions or no religion. Approximately 70% of indigenous Fijians are farmers, many of which are sustenance farmers. They commonly grow such crops as sugar cane, cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, and bananas. History Historically, Fijians were known as the canoe building experts of the Pacific, using them to trade with Tonga. They were usually large double-hulled canoes, called a Drua (pronounced nDroo-ah), with each side being similar except one was shorter and served as a type of outrigger. These were united by beams, with a platform on it that extended beyond the sides. The article on the History of Fiji offers a timeline of events. The Lapita people, named after their distinctive pottery style, were the first people to inhabit Fiji in about 3000 BCE, and evidence of their settlements exist throughout Fiji – particularly around the Sigatoka Sand Dunes. They were followed by the Melanesians in about 500 BCE, and relatively recent trading with the Polynesian Tongans has added to the cultural mix. In the Lau group of islands, aspects of both cultures still intermingle. There was active commerce between Tonga and Fiji, and later in the history of this relationship, the Fijians in the Lau Islands (Eastern Fiji) became vassals to the King of Tonga. One particular reason Tongans and Samoans came to Fiji was to build the Drua (large double-hulled canoes) which they couldn't build on their own islands because of the lack of proper timber. From the early 19th century, both European and Chinese traders visited Fiji for its sandalwood, hardwoods, beche-de-mer, marine life and, more recently, gold. The British ruled Fiji from 1874 to 1970. In 1970, Fiji became a fully independent nation with constitutional arrangements to ensure that traditional Fijian interests were preserved. His Royal Highness Prince of Wales, Prince Charles, presented the Instruments of Independence to Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara on 10 October 1970 at a massive gathering at Albert Park in Suva. In 1972, the first general elections were held using the 1970 constitution. In 1987, two military coups were staged. The first coup was bloodless, and the second coup severed ties with the British Monarchy. A controversial and racially divisive new constitution was adopted in 1990, and in 1992 the first general election was held under the auspices of the new constitution. The constitution was revised again in 1997 and was deemed to be more equitable by the many racial groups in Fiji. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, Mahendra Choudhary, but a violent coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political and racial turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government led by Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase. Re-elected in May 2006, Qarase was ousted in a military coup on 5 December that year, led by the Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces(RFMF), Commodore Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama, who initially appointed himself acting President, but in January 2007 assumed the position of interim Prime Minister, promising a return to democracy in the near future. This did not eventuate, however; elections were not held until 2014. Fijian family and customs See main on Fijian traditions and ceremonies and Culture of Fiji. The Fijian traditions and ceremonies are historically based and share commonalities throughout the time line Name In August 2008, shortly before the proposed People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress was due to be released to the public, it was announced that it recommended a change in the name of Fiji's citizens. If the proposal were adopted, all citizens of Fiji, whatever their ethnicity, would be called "Fijians". At present, the word "Fijian" does not denote a nationality, and refers exclusively to indigenous Fijians. Citizens of Fiji are referred to as "Fiji Islanders". The proposal would change the English name of indigenous Fijians from "Fijians" to itaukei. The indigenous word for Fijian is "Kaiviti" Deposed Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase reacted by stating that the name "Fijian" belonged exclusively to indigenous Fijians, and that he would oppose any change in legislation enabling non-indigenous Fijians to use it. The Cabinet at its meeting on 30 June 2010 approved the Fijian Affairs [Amendment] Decree 2010. The new law effectively replaces the word 'Fijian' or 'indigenous' or 'indigenous Fijian' with the word 'iTaukei' in all written laws, and all official documentation when referring to the original and native settlers of Fiji. All Fiji citizens are now called 'Fijians' See also Fijian Australian Fijians in the United Kingdom References Ravuvu, Asesela (1983). Vaka i Taukei: The Fijian Way of Life, Suva: University of the South Pacific External links Fijian National Government (in English) The World Factbook: Fiji by CIA FijiTuwawa: The fiji online community Fiji Times Fiji Daily Post Village Homestays in a Fijian Village Rotuma from MSN Encarta ( (Archived 2009-10-31) Google Books Rotuma Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs New Zealand Category:Ethnic groups in Fiji Category:Indigenous peoples of Melanesia Category:Fijian people

Oakland Banshees

The Oakland Banshees are a women's semi-professional American football team based in Oakland, California. A member of the Independent Women's Football League, the Banshees play their home games at Chabot College in nearby Hayward. Season-By-Season |- | colspan="6" align="center" | Oakland Banshees (WAFL) |- |2001 || 2 || 6 || 0 || 2nd Pacific Central Division || -- |- | colspan="6" align="center" | Oakland Banshees (WAFC) |- |2002 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 4th League || Lost WAFC Semifinal (Sacramento) |- | colspan="6" align="center" | Oakland Banshees (IWFL) |- |2003 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 2nd West Pacific SouthWest || -- |- |2004 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 1st West Pacific SouthWest || Lost Western Conference Semifinal (Corvallis) |- |2005 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 4th West Pacific Southwest || -- |- |2006 || 0 || 2 || 0 || X-Team || -- |- |2007 || colspan="6" rowspan="1" align="center" | Did Not Play |- |2008 || 0 || 4 || 0 || X-Team || -- |- |2009 || -- || -- || -- || -- || -- |- !Totals || 23 || 25 || 0 |colspan="2"| (including playoffs) 2009 season schedule External links Oakland Banshees official website Category:Independent Women's Football League Category:Sports teams in Oakland, California

List of Major League Baseball players from the United States Virgin Islands

This is a chronological list of baseball players from the United States Virgin Islands who played in Major League Baseball between 1957 and 2017 Players Resource Baseball Reference Virgin Islands Virgin Islands

Iry-Hor

Iry-Hor or Ro (as read by the Egyptologist Flinders Petrie) was a predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt during the 32nd century BC. Iry-Hor's existence was debated, with the Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson contesting the reading and signification of his name. However, continuing excavations at Abydos in the 1980s and 1990s and the discovery in 2012 of an inscription of Iry-Hor in the Sinai confirmed his existence. Iry-Hor is the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name and is sometimes cited as the earliest-living historical person known by name. Name Iry-Hor's name is written with the Horus falcon hieroglyph (Gardiner sign G5) above a mouth hieroglyph (Gardiner D21). While the modern reading of the name is "Iry-Hor", Flinders Petrie, who discovered and excavated Iry-Hor's tomb at the end of the 19th century, read it "Ro", which was the usual reading of the mouth hieroglyph at the time. Given the archaic nature of the name, the translation proved difficult and, in the absence of better alternative, Ludwig D. Morenz proposed that the literal translation be retained giving "Horus mouth". In the 1990s, Werner Kaiser and Günter Dreyer translate Iry-Hor's name as "Companion of Horus". Toby Wilkinson, who contested that Iry-Hor was a king, translated the signs as "Property of the king". Following the excavations at Abydos and the discovery of an inscription of Iry-Hor in the Sinai in 2012, Wilkinson's hypothesis is now rejected by most Egyptologists and Iry-Hor is widely accepted as a predynastic king of Egypt. The Egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath and Peter Kaplony also initially rejected the identification of Iry-Hor as a king and proposed instead that the known inscriptions refer to a private person whose name is to be read Wer-Ra, wr-r3 (lit. "great mouth"), i.e. reading the bird above the mouth-sign as the swallow hieroglyph G36 rather than the Horus falcon. They translated the name as "Spokesman" or "Chief". However, continuing excavations of Iry-Hor's tomb at Abydos by Günter Dreyer established that the tomb was of similar dimensions and layout as those of Ka and Narmer and must, therefore, have belonged to a king. This was consequently accepted by von Beckerath and Iry-Hor is now the first entry in the latest edition of von Beckerath's Handbook of Egyptian Pharaohs. Identity Controversy Until 2012, the name of Iry-Hor had not been found in or next to a serekh, so the identification of Iry-Hor as a king was controversial. Egyptologists Flinders Petrie, Laurel Bestock and Jochem Kahl nonetheless believed that he was indeed a real ruler. They pointed to the distinctive spelling of Iry-Hor's name: the Horus falcon holds the mouth hieroglyph in its claws. On several clay seals, this group of characters is found accompanied by a second, free-standing mouth hieroglyph. This notation is reminiscent of numerous anonymous serekhs held by a Horus falcon with individual hieroglyphs placed close to it rather than within the serekh, as would be expected. Finally, the serekh could have been a convention that started with Ka, whose name has been found both with and without a serekh. Therefore, they concluded that the argument that Iry-Hor was not a king because his name was never found in a serekh was insufficient. Supporters of the identification of Iry-Hor as a king, such as egyptologist Darell Baker, also pointed to the size and location of his tomb. It is a double tomb, as big as those of Ka and Narmer, located within a sequential order linking the older predynastic "U" cemetery with the First Dynasty tombs. Furthermore, Iry-Hor's name is inscribed on a large jar exhibiting the royal Horus falcon and is similar to those found in the tombs of other kings of this period. In contrast, some Egyptologists doubted Iry-Hor even existed, precisely because his name never appeared in a serekh, the Horus falcon being simply placed above the mouth sign. Ludwig D. Morenz and Kurt Heinrich Sethe doubted the reading of Iry-Hor's name and thus that he was a king. Morenz, for example, suspected that the mouth sign may simply have been a phonetic complement to the Horus falcon. Sethe understood the group of characters forming Iry-Hor's name as an indication of origin (of the content of a jar and other goods to which clay seals were usually attached). Toby Wilkinson dismissed the tomb attributed to Iry-Hor as a storage pit and the name as a treasury mark. Indeed, r-Ḥr may simply mean property of the king. Supporting his hypothesis, Wilkinson also noted that Iry-Hor was poorly attested and, until 2012, the only inscription of Iry-Hor outside of Abydos was located in Lower Egypt at Zawyet el'Aryan, while Ka and Narmer have many inscriptions located as far north as Canaan. Resolution Dreyer's excavations of the necropolis of Abydos revealed that Iry-Hor was in fact well attested there with over 27 objects bearing his name and that his tomb was of royal proportions. Furthermore, in 2012 an inscription mentioning Iry-Hor was discovered in the Sinai, the inscription comprising furthermore an archaic empty serekh on the right of Iry-Hor's name. The inscription mentions the city of Memphis, pushing back its foundation to before Narmer and establishing that Iry-Hor was already reigning over it. Following this discovery, most Egyptologists, including G. Dreyer and the discoverers of the inscription, Pierre Tallet and Damien Laisney, now believe that Iry-Hor was indeed a king. Reign and attestations Iry-Hor was most likely Ka's immediate predecessor and thus would have reigned during the early 32nd century BC. He probably ruled from Hierakonpolis over Abydos and the wider Thinite region and controlled Egypt at least as far north as Memphis, since the Sinai rock inscription relates a visit of Iry-Hor to this city. The Egyptologists Tallet and Laisney further propose that Iry-Hor also controlled parts of the Nile Delta. He was buried in the royal cemetery of Umm el-Qa'ab near Ka, Narmer and the First Dynasty kings. Iry-Hor's name appears on clay vessels from his tomb in Abydos and a clay seal with the hieroglyphs for r-Ḥr was found in Narmer's tomb and may refer to Iry-Hor. In total no less than 22 pottery jars incised with Iry-Hor's name have been in Abydos as well as at least 5 ink-inscribed fragments and a cylinder seal. A similar seal was also found far to the north in the tomb Z 401 of Zawyet el'Aryan in Lower Egypt. An incision on a spindle whorl found in Hierakonpolis during James E. Quibell and Petrie excavations there in 1900 may refer to him. Finally, the discovery of a rock inscription of Iry-Hor in the Sinai constitutes his northernmost attestation. The inscription shows the name of Iry-Hor on a boat, next to the word Inebu-hedj meaning "white walls", the ancient name of Memphis. Tomb Iry-Hor's tomb is the oldest tomb of the Abydos necropolis B in the Umm el-Qa'ab. It comprises two separate underground chambers B1 (6m × 3.5m) and B2 (4.3m × 2.45m) excavated by Petrie in 1899 and later by Werner Kaiser. A further chamber, now known as "B0", was uncovered during re-excavations of Iry-Hor's tomb in the 1990s. These chambers have a size similar to those found in the tombs of Ka and Narmer. No superstructure, if there ever was one, survives to this day. Chamber B1 yielded jar fragments incised with his name. Chamber B2 produced another incised jar fragment, a seal impression, several ink inscriptions and vessel fragments bearing the names of Ka and Narmer. Parts of a bed were also found onsite. See also Naqada III, also called Dynasty 0 Kushim References External links On the predynastic dynasty 0 King Iry-Hor Iry-Hor Tomb of Iry-Hor Category:32nd-century BC Pharaohs Category:2012 archaeological discoveries Category:Predynastic pharaohs Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Year of death unknown Category:32nd-century BC births

List of Jamaican actors

This a list of notable actors born in Jamaica. List Cherine Anderson (b. 1984, East Kingston, Jamaica), actress and dancehall/reggae vocalist Esther Anderson (b. 1946, Saint Mary Parish), filmmaker, photographer and actress Roxanne Beckford (b. 1969, Kingston, Jamaica), film and television actress Paul Campbell (b. Jamaica), film and stage actor Sabrina Colie (b. 1980, Mandeville, Jamaica), actress and director Doña Croll (b. 1959, Jamaica), television actress Dhalia Harris (b. Spanish Town), actress, television personality Charles Hyatt (b. 1931, Kingston, Jamaica; d. 2007), film and television actor Clifton Jones (b. 1943, Jamaica), television actor Venice Kong (b. 1961, St. Mary, Jamaica), model and actress Ky-Mani Marley (b. 1976, Falmouth, Jamaica), actor and reggae musician Louis Marriott (b. 1935, St. Andrew, Jamaica), actor, director, writer and broadcaster Yanna McIntosh (b. Jamaica), film, television and stage actress Count Prince Miller (b. 1935, Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica), actor and musician Evan Parke (b. 1968, Kingston, Jamaica), film and television actor Keith 'Shebada' Ramsey (b. Kingston, Jamaica), actor and comedian Audrey Reid (b. 1970, East Kingston, Jamaica), film actress David Reivers (b. 1958, Kingston, Jamaica), film and television actor Oliver Samuels (b. 1948, St. Mary, Jamaica), comedian and television actor Dennis Scott (b. 1939, Kingston, Jamaica; d. 1991), playwright, actor, dancer and poet Madge Sinclair (b. 1938, Kingston, Jamaica; d. 1995), film and television actress Peter Williams (b. 1957, Kingston), film and television actor See also List of Jamaicans Actors Category:Jamaican actors Jamaican David Tulloch (playwright, director, producer, actor, composer)

Diaelurodon

Diaelurodon is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids. See also List of therapsids References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Category:Prehistoric synapsid genera Category:Lopingian synapsids of Africa Category:Fossil taxa described in 1911 Category:Taxa named by Robert Broom

Cappella Sansevero

The Cappella Sansevero (also known as the Cappella Sansevero de' Sangri or Pietatella) is a chapel located on Via Francesco de Sanctis 19, just northwest of the church of San Domenico Maggiore, in the historic center of Naples, Italy. The chapel is more properly named the Chapel of Santa Maria della Pietà. It contains works of Rococo art by some of the leading Italian artists of the 18th century. History Its origin dates to 1590 when John Francesco di Sangro, Duke of Torremaggiore, after recovering from a serious illness, had a private chapel built in what were then the gardens of the nearby Sansevero family residence, the Palazzo Sansevero. The building was converted into a family burial chapel by Alessandro di Sangro in 1613 (as inscribed on the marble plinth over the entrance to the chapel). Definitive form was given to the chapel by Raimondo di Sangro, Prince of Sansevero, who also included Masonic symbols in its reconstruction. Until 1888 a passageway connected the Sansevero palace with the chapel. The chapel received its alternative name of Pietatella from a painting of the Virgin Mary (La Pietà), spotted there by an unjustly arrested prisoner, as reported in the book Napoli Sacra by Cesare d'Engenio Caracciolo in 1623. When the chapel was constructed it was originally dedicated to Santa Maria della Pietà, after the painting. Works of art The chapel houses almost thirty works of art, among which are three particular sculptures of note. These marble statues are emblematic of the love of decoration in the Rococo period and their depiction of translucent veils and a fisherman's net represent remarkable artistic achievement. The Veiled Truth (Pudicizia, also called Modesty or Chastity) was completed by Antonio Corradini in 1752 as a tomb monument dedicated to Cecilia Gaetani dell'Aquila d'Aragona, mother of Raimondo. The 1753 Christ Veiled under a Shroud (also called Veiled Christ), by Giuseppe Sanmartino, shows the influence of the veiled Modesty. The Release from Deception (Disinganno) completed in 1753-54 by Francesco Queirolo of Genoa serves as a monument to Raimondo's father. The ceiling, the Glory of Paradise, was painted by Francesco Maria Russo in 1749. The original floor (most of the present one dates from 1901) was in black and white (said to symbolize good/evil) in the design of a labyrinth (a masonic symbol for "initiation"). In the basement there is a painting by the Roman artist Giuseppe Pesce, Madonna con Bambino, dating from around 1750. It was painted using wax-based paints of Raimondo di Sangro's own invention. The prince presented this painting to his friend Charles Bourbon, king of Naples. List of works The following is a list of the works of art in the chapel, numbered in the accompanying diagram, along with the artist: Monument to Cecco de' Sangro, Francesco Celebrano; Monument to Giovan Francesco Paolo de' Sangro, Antonio Corradini; Il decoro, Antonio Corradini; Monument to Paolo de' Sangro, Bernardino Landini - Giulio Mencaglia; La liberalità, Francesco Queirolo; Monument to Duke Giovan Francesco Paolo de' Sangro, Giacomo Lazzari; Lo zelo della religione, Fortunato Onelli; Painting of Raimondo de' Sangro, Carlo Amalfi; La soavità del giogo maritale, Paolo Persico; Altar to St. Rosalia, Francesco Queirolo; Veiled Truth (Pudicizia), Antonio Corradini; Monument to Alessandro de' Sangro, Unknown artist, 18th century; Angel, Paolo Persico; Altar (La Deposizione), Francesco Celebrano and La Pietà (painting by unknown artist, 17th century); Angel, Paolo Persico; Coretto (little choir); Release from Deception (Il Disinganno), Francesco Queirolo; Altar to St. Odorisio, Francesco Queirolo; La Sincerità, Francesco Queirolo; Monument to Raimondo de' Sangro, Francesco Maria Russo; Basement with anatomical models and painting by Giuseppe Pesce; Il Dominio di sé stessi, Francesco Celebrano; Monument to Paolo de' Sangro, Antonio Corradini; L'Educazione, Francesco Queirolo; Monument to Paolo de' Sangro, Giorgio Marmorano - Giacomo Lazzari; Divine Love, unknown artist of the 19th century; Monument to Giovan Francesco de' Sangro, Francesco Celebrano; Veiled Christ, Giuseppe Sanmartino. Anatomical exhibits The chapel also displays two early examples of what was long thought to be a form of plastination in its basement. These "anatomical machines" (macchine anatomiche) were thought to be examples of the process of "human metallization" (metallizzazione umana) as implemented by anatomist Giuseppe Salerno ca. 1760 from a commission by Raimondo di Sangro. The exhibit consists of a mature male and a pregnant woman. Their skeletons are encased in the hardened arteries and veins which are colored red and blue respectively. Previously, historians have surmised that the corpses could have been created by injecting the hardening substances directly into the veins of living subjects. However, recent analysis shows no evidence of techniques involving injection. Analysis of the "blood vessels" indicate they are constructed of beeswax, iron wire, and silk. References External links Sansevero Chapel Website Video of the Sansevero Chapel Category:1590 establishments in Italy Category:Former churches in Naples Category:Anatomical preservation Category:Art museums and galleries in Naples Category:Cappella Sansevero Category:Roman Catholic chapels in Italy

Psychic Thoughts

Psychic Thoughts (Are What I Conceive?) is the second album released by rapper, Ganksta NIP. It was released on July 6, 1993 through Rap-a-Lot Records and was produced by famed southern hip hop producer, Mike Dean, along with Crazy C and John Bido. Psychic Thoughts (Are What I Conceive?) proved successful, charting on three different Billboard charts, #151 on the Billboard 200, #30 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #5 on the Top Heatseekers. Track listing "SPC Shoutout" "Trance" "Psychic Thoughts (Are What I Conceive?)" "Reporter from Hell" "Set up Bitches" (featuring Lez Moné) "Only NIP Can Do It" "Now Watch 'Em Drop" "Strictly for the Club" "Come into My World" "That's How It Is: Psychic, Pt. 2" "Fuck You" (featuring K-Rino, Dope-E, Point Blank) Credits Executive Producer: James Smith Produced By: James Smith, John Bido, Crazy C, Landmine Productions, Ganksta NIP, K-Rino Production Coordinator: James Smith & Tony Randle Engineered By: Mike Dean Mixed By: John Bido Mastered By: Mike Dean & John Moran Album Chart Positions Category:1993 albums Category:Albums produced by Mike Dean (record producer) Category:Ganksta N-I-P albums Category:Rap-A-Lot Records albums Category:Horrorcore albums

Hold On (If You Believe in Love)

"Hold On (If You Believe in Love)" is a song by Dutch electronic music vocalist CB Milton. It was released in 1994 as the fourth single from his debut album, It's My Loving Thing. The single achieved moderate success in Europe, reaching number 15 in Belgium, number 33 in the Netherlands and number 62 in the UK. Critical reception Music & Media wrote that "this single is more or less styled after the golden age of Stock. Aitken & Waterman. Track listing Charts References Category:1994 singles Category:1994 songs Category:CB Milton songs Category:Electronic songs Category:Byte Records singles Category:Songs written by Peter Bauwens Category:Songs written by Phil Wilde

Mobile Suit Gundam: Journey to Jaburo

Mobile Suit Gundam: Journey to Jaburo ( Kidō Senshi Gandamu, meaning "Mobile Suit Gundam") is an action game based directly on the Mobile Suit Gundam films and series. The game begins at the start of the series and ends at the ending of the second film. The game plays in an action game format with a standard third-person view. It features newly hand animated cutscenes that depict events from the original television series as well as a CGI opening depicting a space battle from the One Year War and then a scene of the Gundam destroying several Zaku IIs before being attacked by Char Aznable. A sequel, Mobile Suit Gundam: Encounters in Space, was released in 2003. The English dub of the video game features the voices of the actors who were cast for the Mobile Suit Gundam television series as with most games subsequent to the series' dubbing, rather than the English cast of the films. Plot Journey to Jaburo takes place during the One Year War, and depicts the crew of the White Base making their way from the Side 7 sector of space colonies to the Federation headquarters at Jaburo. The game starts at Amuro Ray's home of Side 7, where three Zaku mobile suits attack the Federation's prototype mobile suit weapons. Amuro, in the confusion, fights the Zaku units in the Gundam, and is assigned to the White Base as the Gundam's pilot. After the White Base leaves the colony, it is pursued by Char Aznable, "The Red Comet". Char attacks the White Base during re-entry (where the power of the Gundam's beam rifle was revealed), which diverts them into the Zeon-controlled territory of North America. After going through many Zeon defenses (including Garma Zabi in Seattle), the White Base heads into Asia, where they battle Ramba Ral, an ace pilot who raised Sayla Mass when she was a child. After Ramba Ral commits suicide by jumping into Gundam's hand with a grenade, the White Base crew makes their way to Belfast for repairs. After they leave Belfast, they eventually make it to Jaburo, where Char's "Mad Angler" squadron finds the location of the base, and launches a massive attack to conquer it. The Zeon forces are beaten back, and the White Base, now dubbed the "13th Autonomous Mobile Squadron", heads out into space. Tactics Battle Tactics Battle mode is an optional mode available once story mode has been completed. In this mode you play either a Federation or Zeon pilot who remains nameless and faceless. You begin at a low rank and with only one mission available to each side. As you successfully complete the missions available with the MS available your rank increases and more missions and MS are unlocked. Five Missions can be unlocked in total. The first three are standard attack or defense missions, they are available to both factions, though what your role is varies by faction. The last two are available only to the Federation. These are duels with the RX-79BD-1 GM Blue Destiny Unit 1, and RX-78NT-1 Gundam "Alex" being piloted by Christina Mackinze and Yuu Kajima respectively. Christina compliments you during battle, whereas Yuu remains silent while in his duel Maureen Kitamura spurs him onward with encouraging remarks. After each mission is completed a verbal assessment is given either by Matilda Ajan, Kergerenko, or Char Aznable. After this there are brief cutscenes featuring either Matilda or Kergerenko complimenting the player on their performance. If the player fails a mission, but does not retry it they will reprimand the player. As certain circumstances are met cutscenes with Char, M'Quve and Bright Noa are unlocked. There are also cutscenes featuring Christina, Shiro Amada and a White Dingo pilot when each allows use of their Mobile Suit. If the player continues fighting and raises their rank to Colonel in either faction they receive a special reward video. On the Zeon route this is a video of the major members of the Principality of Zeon thanking the player for their service, on the Federation side it is video of the major female members of the Federation from MS Gundam, War in the Pocket, and Blue Destiny competing for attention as they enthusiastically thank the player. Cast List of Mechanics Earth Federation Forces Mobile Weapons RGM-79 GM RX-75 Guntank RX-77 Guncannon RX-78-2 Gundam RX-79(G) Gundam Ground Type RGM-79SP GM Sniper II RX-79BD-1 GM Blue Destiny Unit 1 RX-78NT-1 Gundam "Alex" Vehicles and Support Units(Non-playable) FF-X7-Bst Core Booster G-Fighter Type 61 Tank Principality of Zeon Mobile Weapons MS-05 Zaku I MS-06 Zaku II (Alternate Color Scheme: Desert) MS-06S Zaku II Commander Type MS-06Fs Zaku II Garma Zabi Custom MS-07 Gouf MS-07B Gouf (Alternate Color Scheme: MS-07B-3 Custom) MS-09 Dom MS-18E Kämpfer MSM-03 Gogg MSM-03C Hygogg MSM-04 Acguy MSM-07 Z'Gok MSM-07S Z'Gok Commander Type MSM-10 Zock MAX-03 Adzam (Non-Playable) Vehicles and Support Units (Non-Playable) Gallop-Class Land Battleship Magella Attack Tank Dopp Fighter Gaw Atmospheric Attack Carrier Wappa Luggun Reception The game received generally average reviews, scoring 58 out of 100 on Metacritic. IGN gave it 6.5 of 10, saying that "...it's not a recommended purchase for those who aren't fans of the series (...), but it was never intended to be anything else." T Metacritic states that, "For a mech combat game, Journey to Jaburo isn't terrible, but it is lacking good control and the graphics are pretty sad overall." Jim Preston reviewed the PlayStation 2 version of the game for Next Generation, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "The mixture between television show and videogame is superb, but the actual gameplay is not." See also Mobile Suit Gundam List of Gundam video games References Category:2001 video games Category:PlayStation 2 games Category:PlayStation 2-only games Category:Gundam video games

1936 in baseball

Champions Major League Baseball World Series: New York Yankees over New York Giants (4–2) All-Star Game, July 7 at Braves Field: National League, 4–3 Other champions Negro League Baseball All-Star Game: East, 10–2 Awards and honors Baseball Hall of Fame Ty Cobb Babe Ruth Honus Wagner Christy Mathewson Walter Johnson Most Valuable Player American League: Lou Gehrig, New York Yankees, 1B National League: Carl Hubbell, New York Giants, P The Sporting News Player of the Year Award Carl Hubbell, New York Giants, P The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award Joe McCarthy, New York Yankees MLB statistical leaders Major league baseball final standings American League final standings National League final standings Negro League Baseball final standings Negro National League final standings Events January – April January 4 – The Philadelphia Athletics trade Doc Cramer and Eric McNair to the Boston Red Sox for Hank Johnson, Al Niemiec and $75,000. January 6 – New York Giants President Charles A. Stoneham dies of Bright's disease. He was the last surviving member of the trio that purchased the team in 1919. His son, Horace Stoneham, is elected the team's new president. Stoneham‚ 32‚ will remain president for the next 40 years before selling the team in 1976. January 15 – The Chunichi Dragons of Nagoya‚ Japan‚ are officially formed. Eight days later the Hankyu Braves of Nishinomiya joined them. February 2 – The baseball writers vote for the first players to be named to the new Baseball Hall of Fame. Ty Cobb‚ Babe Ruth‚ Honus Wagner‚ Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson each receive the requisite 75 percent of ballots cast. Active players also are eligible in this first election‚ with Rogers Hornsby finishing 9th‚ Mickey Cochrane 10th‚ Lou Gehrig 15th‚ and Jimmie Foxx 19th. Hal Chase receives 11 votes for 25th place‚ and Shoeless Joe Jackson has two votes to tie for 36th place. March 17 – Rookie Joe DiMaggio makes his spring debut with the New York Yankees, collecting four hits‚ including a triple, in an 8–7 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals. March 21 – The Cincinnati Reds trade Jim Bottomley to the St. Louis Browns for Johnny Burnett. April 14 – Opening day, the New York Yankees are shut out, 1–0, by Bobo Newsom and the Washington Senators. In St. Louis, the Cardinals' Eddie Morgan becomes the first to hit a pinch-hit home run in his first major league at bat. Morgan connects on the very first pitch he sees in the 7th inning. The Cubs win, 12-7. April 16 – Johnny Mize makes his major league debut. He strikes out pinch hitting for Daffy Dean in the Cards' 5–3 loss to the Chicago Cubs. April 26 – In the Brooklyn Dodgers' 10–7 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies, Dodgers shortstop Ben Geraghty reaches base twice on two separate interference calls on Phillies catcher Earl Grace. April 29 Nagoya defeated Daitokyo 8–5 in the first professional baseball game in Japan. Hank Greenberg breaks his wrist ending his season. In St. Louis‚ Roy Parmelee‚ former New York Giants pitcher‚ beats Carl Hubbell, 2–1, in a seventeen inning duel. The game is scoreless until the 12th when the Giants score a run‚ but the Cardinals match it in the bottom of the 12th. Parmelee allows just six hits in 17 innings‚ while Hubbell gives up 11. May – July May 3 – Joe DiMaggio makes his major league debut in left field in the New York Yankees' 14–5 victory over the St. Louis Browns. DiMaggio goes three-for-six- with a triple, an RBI and three runs scored. May 10 – The New York Yankees defeat the Philadelphia Athletics, 7–2. With a loss by the Boston Red Sox to the Washington Senators, the Yankees take over first place in the American League. They remain in first place for the rest of the season, winning the pennant by 19.5 games over the Detroit Tigers. May 11 – At Baker Bowl in Philadelphia, the Giants' Mel Ott drives in 8 runs in a 13-12 victory over the Phillies. May 12 – The St. Louis Browns' Pat Malone pitches a six hit shut out against the New York Yankees to end St. Louis' thirteen-game losing streak. May 21 – Chuck Klein goes home. The outfielder is traded back to philadelphia where he enjoyed his best years, along with pitcher Fabian Kowalik and $50,000. In return, the Cubs get outfielder Ethan Allen and pitcher Curt Davis. May 24 – The New York Yankees defeat the Philadelphia Athletics 25–2. Second baseman Tony Lazzeri has eleven RBIs in the game via two grand slams and a third home run and a triple. With his last blast, Lazzeri amassed seven home runs in four successive games to set a Major League record. June 6 – St. Louis Cardinals second baseman Stu Martin ties a major league record with eleven assists in the first game of a doubleheader with the New York Giants. June 14 – The Washington Senators trade Jake Powell to the New York Yankees for Ben Chapman. June 24 – In the New York Yankees' 18–11 victory over the Chicago White Sox, Joe DiMaggio has five RBIs with two home runs and two doubles. July 1 – The Detroit Tigers defeat the Chicago White Sox 21–6. Right fielder Gee Walker has a home run and seven RBIs. July 5 – The Boston Red Sox sweep a double header from the Philadelphia Athletics, bringing the A's losing streak to twelve games. July 7 – The National League records its first All-Star Game victory over the American League, 4–3, at Braves Field, home of the Boston Bees. July 10 – Philadelphia Phillies right-fielder Chuck Klein becomes the fourth player in Major League history to hit four home runs in a game. His final home run came in the top of the tenth inning, leading Philadelphia to a 9–6 win over the Pittsburgh Pirates The feat comes nearly 40 years to the day since it was last accomplished in the National League. July 18 – The Chicago White Sox and Philadelphia Athletics set an American League record for the most combined runs scored by two teams in Chicago's 21–14 victory. ChiSox outfielder Rip Radcliff ties an AL record with six hits in seven at-bats. July 19 – Bob Feller makes his major league debut on the mound for the Cleveland Indians. July 30 – In International League action, Buffalo pitcher Bill Harris tosses his second no-hitter of the season‚ stopping Newark. August – December August 16 – The Philadelphia Phillies defeat the Boston Bees 7–0 behind a three hitter by Claude Passeau. The win ends the team's fourteen-game losing streak. August 23 – Bob Feller makes his first career start, defeating the St. Louis Browns 4–1. August 28 – The New York Giants defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates 7–2 to bring their winning streak to fifteen games. September 16 – Birdie Tebbetts makes his major league debut behind the plate for the Detroit Tigers in a 6–2 victory over the Philadelphia A's. September 23 Carl Hubbell logs his sixteenth victory in a row to improve his record to 26–6. The New York Yankees defeat the Philadelphia A's 12–5 for their 100th win of the season. September 30 – A solo home run by George Selkirk is all the offense the Yankees can muster up against Carl Hubbell in game one of the 1936 World Series, as the New York Giants take game one of the Subway Series, 6–1. October 2 – A seven run third inning, highlighted by Tony Lazzeri's grand slam, carries the Yankees to an 18–4 victory in game two of the World Series. October 3 – Frankie Crosetti's eighth inning RBI single carries the Yankees to a 2–1 victory over the Giants in game three of the World Series. October 4 – The Yankees jump to an early 4–0 lead against Carl Hubbell, and win game four of the World Series, 5–2. October 5 – Jo-Jo Moore leads off the tenth with a double, and comes around to score, as the New York Giants take game five of the World Series, 5–4. October 6 – The New York Yankees defeat the New York Giants, 13–5, in Game 6 of the World Series to win their fifth World Championship title, four games to two. During the six games, the Yankees score 43 runs and collect 65 hits. November 29 – Judge Landis declares Lee Handley and Johnny Peacock of the Cincinnati Reds free agents. They had been covered up on minor league teams by the Reds. December 4 – The Pittsburgh Pirates trade Ralph Birkofer and Cookie Lavagetto to the Brooklyn Dodgers for Ed Brandt, and sell Johnny Welch's contract to the Chicago White Sox. December 9 – The Philadelphia A's trade Pinky Higgins to the Boston Red Sox for Billy Werber. December 10 – In a three team trade, the Washington Senators send Earl Whitehill to the Cleveland Indians, Indians sent Thornton Lee to the Chicago White Sox, and the White Sox send Jack Salveson to the Senators. Births January January 3 – Eddie Einhorn January 5 – Bud Bloomfield January 5 – Daryl Robertson January 6 – Rubén Amaro January 8 – Chuck Cottier January 8 – John DeMerit January 9 – Julio Navarro January 9 – Ralph Terry January 20 – Jesse Gonder January 23 – Don Nottebart January 24 – Dick Stigman January 25 – Buddy Pritchard February February 5 – Lee Thomas February 7 – Frank Leja February 16 – Don Landrum February 20 – Wynn Hawkins February 20 – Shigeo Nagashima February 27 – Evans Killeen March March 2 – Jim Brady March 2 – Don Schwall March 4 – Bob Johnson March 5 – Jacke Davis March 7 – Galen Cisco March 12 – Ray Barker March 13 – Don Miles March 20 – Jim Golden March 26 – Harry Kalas March 28 – Jimmie Coker April April 1 – Ron Perranoski April 1 – Ted Sadowski April 3 – Don Rowe April 5 – Jimmie Schaffer April 6 – Wanita Dokish April 6 – Wayne Graham April 9 – Hal Jones April 15 – Leo Posada April 18 – Larry Foss April 24 – Glen Hobbie May May 4 – John Tsitouris May 9 – Floyd Robinson May 14 – Dick Howser May 21 – Barry Latman May 25 – Marshall Renfroe May 30 – Mel Nelson June June 1 – Jim McKnight June 13 – Carl Mathias June 22 – Jim Bronstad June 28 – Fred Gladding June 29 – Harmon Killebrew June 30 – Al Barks July July 1 – Dick Drott July 5 – Jack Krol July 7 – Bill Kunkel July 15 – Gene Leek July 16 – Eddie Fisher July 20 – Jim McManus July 23 – Don Drysdale July 27 – Don Lock August August 6 – Dave Gerard August 7 – Ron Henry August 7 – Jerry McNertney August 7 – Tex Nelson August 8 – Frank Howard August 9 – Julián Javier August 11 – Bill Monbouquette August 12 – Ellis Burton August 12 – Tom McAvoy August 15 – Mary Lou Graham August 17 – John Buzhardt August 20 – Cliff Cook August 28 – Don Denkinger August 28 – Tony González September September 3 – Steve Boros September 3 – Lee Weyer September 4 – Jim McAnany September 5 – Bill Mazeroski September 7 – Charlie Lindstrom September 14 – Stan Williams September 15 – Freddie Burdette September 17 – Tom Carroll September 22 – Doug Camilli September 29 – Hal Trosky October October 3 – Jack Lamabe October 15 – Red Swanson October 16 – Jack Baldschun October 26 – Elio Chacón October 27 – Lee Stange November November 3 – Rick Herrscher November 3 – Earl Robinson November 12 – Joe Hoerner November 17 – Gary Bell November 17 – Larry Koentopp November 18 – Jay Hook November 20 – Jay Ritchie November 22 – Joe Gaines December December 3 – Clay Dalrymple December 3 – Dave Eilers December 7 – Bo Belinsky December 10 – Doc Edwards December 10 – Jack Feller December 10 – Minoru Murayama December 13 – J. C. Martin December 16 – Duane Richards December 17 – Jerry Adair December 17 – Rollie Sheldon December 19 – Jack Kubiszyn December 20 – Dan Pfister December 21 – Ralph Lumenti December 21 – Howie Reed December 26 – Wayne Causey Deaths January January 6 – Charles Stoneham, 59, owner of the New York Giants since 1919, during which period the team won five National League pennants and three World Series from 1921–1922 and 1933. January 11 – Turkey Gross, 39, shortstop for the 1925 Boston Red Sox. January   5 – Will Sawyer, 71, pitcher who played with the Cleveland Blues in the 1883 season. January 24 – Henry Youngman, 70, German infielder for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys in 1890. January 29 – Joe Delahanty, 60, outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1907 to 1909, and one of five Delahanty brothers who played in the Major Leagues. February February 3 – Andy Boswell, 62, pitcher who played for the Washington Senators and New York Giants of the National League during the 1895 season. February 4 – Frank Jones, 77, shortstop and outfielder for the Detroit Wolverines in 1884. February 5 – Fred Blank, 61, pitcher who played briefly for the Cincinnati Reds in 1894. February 7 – Jimmy Dygert, 51, pitcher for the Philadelphia Athletics from 1905 to 1910, who pitched a combined no-hitter with Rube Waddell during the 1906 season. February 9 – Trick McSorley, 83, who played in six different positions for the St. Louis Red Stockings, Toledo Blue Stockings, St. Louis Maroons, and St. Louis Browns in parts of four seasons spanning 1875–1886. February 15 – Bill Grahame, 52, pitcher who played from 1908 through 1910 for the St. Louis Browns. February 17 – Tom York, 85, left fielder who played 15 seasons from 1871 to 1885, most prominently for the Providence Grays, and also managed them the entire first season of the team's existence in 1878. March March 6 – Watty Lee, 56, outfielder and pitcher who played from 1901 through 1904 for the Washington Senators and Pittsburgh Pirates. March 7 – Tom Rogers, 44, pitcher for the St. Louis Browns, Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees in part of four seasons between 1917 and 1921. March 17 – Grant Thatcher, 59, pitcher for the Brooklyn Superbas during the 1903 and 1904 baseball seasons. March 21 – William McLaughlin, 74, shortstop for the 1884 Washington Nationals of the Union Association. March 24 – Charlie Parsons, 72, pitcher who played with the Boston Beaneaters, New York Metropolitans and Cleveland Spiders during three seasons spanning 1886–1990. March 25 – Art Hagan, 73, pitcher who played from 1883 to 1884 for the Philadelphia Quakers and Buffalo Bisons. March 26 – Ed Hawk, 48, pitcher for the 1911 St. Louis Browns of the American League. March 26 – Dan Costello, 44, backup outfielder who played from 1913 to 1916 for the New York Yankees and the Pittsburgh Pirates. March 30 – John Kull, 53, pitcher for the 1909 Philadelphia Athletics of the American League. March 31 – Anton Falch, 75, left fielder and catcher in five games for the Milwaukee Brewers of the Union Association in the 1884 season. April April 14 – Dan Lally, 68, outfielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1891 and the St. Louis Browns in 1897. April 24 – Tacks Latimer, 58, catcher who played from 1898 through for the New York Giants, Louisville Colonels, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas. May May 5 – Bill Anderson, 71, pitcher for the Louisville Colonels in the 1889 season. May 5 – Lou Sylvester, 81, outfielder who played for the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds, Louisville Colonels, Cincinnati Red Stockings and St. Louis Browns in parts of three seasons spanning 1884–1887. May 12 – Frank Zinn, 70, catcher for the 1888 Philadelphia Athletics. May 19 – Sammy Curran, 61, pitcher for the Boston Beaneaters during the 1902 season. May 22 – Kaiser Wilhelm, 62, pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Boston Beaneaters, Brooklyn Superbas, and Baltimore Terrapins during seven seasons from 1904–1915, and also a player/manager for the 1921 Philadelphia Phillies. May 23 – Ted Lewis, 63, pitcher for the Boston Beaneaters and Boston Americans from 1896 to 1901, who led the National League with a .768 Win-Loss % in 1898, and also one of only three Welsh-born ballplayers in Major League history, along with Jimmy Austin and Peter Morris. June June 9 – Charlie Bartson, 71, pitcher who played for the Chicago Pirates of the Players' League during the 1890 season. June 16 – Billy Shindle, 75, third baseman for the Detroit Wolverines, Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Athletics and Phillies, and Brooklyn Bridegrooms from 1886–98, also one of the first sluggers in the deadball era. June 18 – Al Nichols, 84, third baseman for the Brooklyn Atlantics, New York Mutuals and Louisville Grays from 1875 to 1877, who is credited as the first player born in England to reach the major leagues. June 21 – Ambrose Puttmann, 55, pitcher who played from 1903 through 1906 with the New York Highlanders and the St. Louis Cardinals. July July 3 – Bill Niles, 69, third baseman who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1895 season. July 5 – Phil Wisner, 67, shortstop who played briefly for the Washington Senators of the National League in 1895. July 7 – Bill Pounds, 58, pitcher for the Cleveland Naps and Brooklyn Superbas in the 1903 season. July 15 – Ted Goulait, 46, pitcher for the 1912 New York Giants of the National League. July 17 – Joe Wall, 62, backup catcher in 16 games for the New York Giants and Brooklyn Superbas during the 1901 and 1902 seasons. August August 6 – Charlie Girard, 51, pitcher for the 1910 Philadelphia Phillies in 1910. August 9 – Jim Mahady, 35, second baseman who played briefly with the New York Giants in 1921. August 9 – Ed Halbriter, 76, pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1882 season. August 13 – Irv Hach, 63, backup infielder for the Louisville Colonels in 1897. August 15 – Lew Richie, 52, pitcher who played from 1906 through 1913 with the Philadelphia Phillies, Boston Doves and Chicago Cubs. August 28 – Youngy Johnson, 63, pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1897 and the New York Giants in 1899. September September 8 – Bill Yerrick, 62, pitcher for the Boston Beaneaters of the National League in the 1895 and 1896 seasons. September 9 – William Betts, 75, umpire who officiated in the National League from 1894 to 1899 and the American League in 1901 and 1903. September 11 – Braggo Roth, 44, outfielder for the Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators, and New York Yankees from 1914 through 1921, who led the American League in home runs in the 1915 season. September 16 – Henry Lampe, 63, pitcher for the Boston Beaneaters in 1894 and the Philadelphia Phillies in 1895. September 19 – Bill Hart, 71, National League pitcher who played with the Philadelphia Athletics, Brooklyn Grooms, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Browns, and Cleveland Blues in parts of seven seasons spanning 1886–1901. October October 4 – Hercules Burnett, 67, center fielder who played for the Louisville Colonels in the 1888 and 1895 seasons. October 8 – Red Ames, 54, pitcher for the New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1903 through 1919, who posted a career record of 183–167 wins with a 2.63 ERA and 1,702 strikeouts, and was a member of the World Champions Giants in 1904 and 1905. October 16 – Dennis Fitzgerald, 71, English-born shortstop for the Philadelphia Athletics of the American Association in 1890. October 19 – Jumping Jack Jones, 75, pitcher who played for the Detroit Wolverines and Philadelphia Athletics during the 1883 season. October 20 – George Kelb, 66, pitcher for the 1898 Cleveland Spiders of the National League in 1898. October 21 – Charlie Mason, outfielder who played with the Philadelphia Centennials, Washington Nationals, and Philadelphia Athletics in part of two seasons between 1875 and 1883. October 22 – Fred Olmstead, 55, pitcher who played from 1908 through 1911 for the Chicago White Sox. October 27 – Dave Black, 44, pitcher who played for the Chicago ChiFeds/Whales and Baltimore Terrapins of the Federal League from 1914 to 1915, and the Boston Red Sox in 1923. October 30 – Jack Morrissey, 60, second baseman for the Cincinnati Reds from 1902 to 1903. October 31 – Deacon McGuire, 72, catcher for 13 different teams over 26 seasons, who set a record number of seasons for a record number of teams, set career catching marks for defensive games, putouts, assists, caught stealing and stolen bases against, and was the first catcher to collect 300 doubles and hit .300 five times, before becoming a long time coach and manager. November November 9 – Bill Stellberger, 71, pitcher for the 1885 Providence Grays. November 9 – Carl Stimson, 42, pitcher who played with the Boston Red Sox in the 1923 season. November 27 – Shad Barry, 58, backup catcher and outfielder who played from 1899 through 1908 for seven different National League clubs, most prominently for the Philadelphia Phillies. November 29 – Ri Jones, 77, infield utility man who played with the Louisville Eclipse in 1883 and the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds in 1884. December December 11 – Moose Grimshaw, 61, right fielder who played from 1905 through 1907 for the Boston Americans. December 21 – Fred Gunkle, 79, catcher and right fielder for the Cleveland Blues in 1879. December 24 – Ren Deagle, 78, pitcher who played from 1883 to 1884 with the Cincinnati Red Stockings and Louisville Eclipse. December 26 – Bill Clymer, 63, shortstop for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1891 season. December 29 – Bill Prough, 49, pitcher for the 1912 Cincinnati Reds. December 31 – Doc Casey, 66, third baseman who played from 1898 to 1907 with the Washington Senators, Brooklyn Superbas, Detroit Tigers and Chicago Cubs.

Harry Payne Whitney

Harry Payne Whitney (April 29, 1872 – October 26, 1930) was an American businessman, thoroughbred horse breeder, and member of the prominent Whitney family. Early years Harry Payne Whitney was born on April 29, 1872 in New York City, he was the eldest son of Flora Payne and William C. Whitney (1841–1904), the very wealthy businessman and United States Secretary of the Navy. Harry was the older brother of William Payne Whitney (1876–1927). His sister, Pauline Payne Whitney (1874–1916), was married to Almeric Hugh Paget, 1st Baron Queenborough (1861–1949), and his youngest sister, Dorothy Payne Whitney (1887–1968), was married Willard Dickerman Straight (1880–1918) and later, Leonard Knight Elmhirst (1893–1974), after Straight's death. Harry Payne Whitney studied at Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts then attended Yale University, graduating with a law degree in 1894. He was a member of the Skull and Bones. In 1904, after the death of his father, he inherited $24,000,000, and in 1917, he inherited approximately $12,000,000 from his uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne. Life and career Sportsman An avid sportsman, he was a ten-goal polo player. His love of the sport was inherited from his father who had been involved with polo when it was first organized in the United States in 1876 by James Gordon Bennett, Jr. H. P. Whitney organized the U. S. polo team that beat England in 1909. "Whitney Field" polo field near Saratoga Springs, New York is named for him. He was a board member of the Montauk Yacht Club and competed with his yacht Vanitie in the America's Cup. Whitney also served on the board of directors of the Long Island Motor Parkway, built by his wife's cousin, William Kissam Vanderbilt II. Whitney also enjoyed quail hunting and purchased the Foshalee Plantation in northern Leon County, Florida from Sydney E. Hutchinson of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Thoroughbred horse racing Whitney was a major figure in thoroughbred horse racing and in 2018 he was voted one of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame's most prestigious honors as an Exemplar of Racing. Harry Whitney inherited a large stable from his father including the great filly Artful and her sire Hamburg, and in 1915 established a horse breeding farm in Lexington, Kentucky where he developed the American polo pony by breeding American Quarter Horse stallions with his thoroughbred mares. He was thoroughbred racing's leading owner of the year in the United States on eight occasions and the breeder of almost two hundred stakes race winners. His leading sire was first Hamburg and then the great sire Broomstick, by Ben Brush. His Kentucky-bred horse Whisk Broom II (sired by Broomstick) raced in England, then at age six came back to the U.S. where he won the New York Handicap Triple. He also owned Upset, who gave Man o' War the only loss of his career. Whitney had nineteen horses who ran in the Kentucky Derby, winning it the first time in 1915 with another Broomstick foal, Regret, the first filly ever to capture the race. Regret went on to earn Horse of the Year honors and was named to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. Whitney won the Kentucky Derby for the second time in 1927 with the colt Whiskery. His record of six wins in the Preakness Stakes stood as the most by any breeder until 1968 when Calumet Farm broke the record. Whitney's colt Burgomaster won the 1906 Belmont Stakes and also received Horse of the Year honors. Amongst many, Whitney's breeding operation produced Equipoise and Johren. Whitney's stable won the following prestigious U.S. Triple Crown races: Kentucky Derby: 1915 : Regret (voted Horse of the Year) 1927 : Whiskery Preakness Stakes: 1908 : Royal Tourist 1913 : Buskin 1914 : Holiday 1921 : Broomspun 1927 : Bostonian 1928 : Victorian Belmont Stakes: 1905 : Tanya (filly) 1906 : Burgomaster (voted Horse of the Year) 1913 : Prince Eugene 1918 : Johren His Lexington, Kentucky stud farm was passed on to his son, C.V. Whitney, who owned it until 1989 when it became part of Gainesway Farm. Personal life On August 25, 1896 he married Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875–1942), a member of the wealthy Vanderbilt family. In New York, the couple lived in town houses originally belonging to William Whitney, first at 2 East 57th St., across the street from Gertrude's parents, and after William Whitney's death, at 871 Fifth Avenue. They also had a country estate in Westbury, Long Island. Together, they had three children: Flora Payne Whitney (b. 1897) Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney (b. 1899) Barbara Whitney (b. 1903). Harry Whitney died in 1930 at age fifty-eight. He and his wife are interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx. TIME magazine reported that at the time of his death, Harry Payne Whitney's estate was appraised by New York State for tax collection purposes at $62,808,000 net. Philanthropy The benefactor to many organizations, in 1920 H. P. Whitney financed the Whitney South Seas Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, Rollo Beck's major zoological expedition that sent teams of scientists and naturalists to undertake botanical research and to study the bird population of several thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Whitney Collection of Sporting Art was donated in his memory to the Yale University Art Gallery. References External links June 5, 1904 New York Times article on Harry Payne Whitney Harry Payne Whitney obituary Category:1872 births Category:1930 deaths Category:Philanthropists from New York (state) Category:American polo players Category:American racehorse owners and breeders Category:Owners of Kentucky Derby winners Category:American people of English descent Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx) Category:Groton School alumni Category:Businesspeople from New York City Category:Whitney family Category:Yale University alumni Category:International Polo Cup Category:New York (state) Democrats Category:People from Old Westbury, New York

150 personae non gratae of Turkey

The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey () is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The Sultanate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Angora (Ankara) on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata. Leaving Constantinople (now Istanbul) aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. The list was created on 23 April 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and revised on 1 June 1924. By targeting the former Imperial ruling-elite, it reaffirmed the political and cultural break between the Empire and the Republic. The preliminary list contained 600 individuals. Further reading Ilhami Soysal (1985), Yüzellilikler, Istanbul: Gür Kâmil Erdeha, Article "Yüzellilikler", in Sosyalist Kültür Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8, pp. 1336–1341, Istanbul: May (1980 personae non gratae of, 150 personae non gratae of, 150

I'll Be There for You (Solid HarmoniE song)

"I'll Be There for You" is a 1997 song recorded by British-American pop group Solid HarmoniE. It was released as the lead single from their album, Solid HarmoniE. The song is produced by Swedish producers and songwriters Kristian Lundin and Max Martin, who also wrote it. The single remains the group's most successful song, peaking at number 7 in the Netherlands, number 9 in Sweden and number 12 in Denmark. It also reached number 18 in the UK and number 123 in the US. A music video was shot to accompany the single. It was directed by Gerry Wenner. Critical reception Music & Media wrote about the song: "There's a real international aspect to this U.S. pop/dance quartet, A&R'ed out of the Netherlands, with Swedish producers; a female counterpart of the Backstreet Boys, perhaps? They have in common some really strong vocal harmonies and-if this example is anything to go by-some very convincing material. Frans van Dun, one of the programmers at leading Dutch AC network Sky Radio 100.7 FM/Hilversum, believes the comparison is an apt one. "They have a lot in common with the Backstreet Boys, who are very popular over here," he suggests. Van Dun continues: "It's the kind of pleasant, inoffensive track that's easy to programme and although it didn't test that well, we've stuck with it since it started to chart 11 weeks ago." Van Dun concludes: "For one reason or another, people do seem to like this thing , because it spent seven weeks in the singles Top 10." Track listings Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References Category:1997 singles Category:1997 songs Category:Dance-pop songs Category:Jive Records singles Category:Songs written by Max Martin Category:Songs written by Kristian Lundin Category:Song recordings produced by Max Martin

Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Sydney

The Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Sydney (in Latin: Eparchia Sancti Maronis Sydneyensis Maronitarum) (sometimes spelled Maroun) is an overseas Maronite rite (Antiochene rite) eparchy (diocese) of the Catholic Church in Australia, based in Sydney. In 2010 there were 160,000 members. It is currently ruled by Eparch Anthony Tarabay, OLM. Territory and statistics It is a member of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference. The Roman Catholic Church is made up of the Latin or Western Catholic Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches (comprising four major rites), one of which is the Lebanese Maronite Church. The Eparchy is non-geographic, but demographic in that it has Australia-wide jurisdiction wherever Maronites are found. It is not suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sydney, but immediately subject to the Holy See. It has many churches, schools, nursing homes and other institutions in all major cities. Its eparchial seat is in Redfern, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, where is located the Saint Maron Cathedral. In 2010 there were 160,000 Lebanese Maronite Catholics in 11 parishes. History 19th Century Due to a large emigration of Lebanese Maronite Christians in mid / late 19th century, Maronite Patriarch in 1889 decided that pastoral ministry among the Lebanese Christians in Sydney will be established. In this regard, the Maronite priests Abdallah Yazbeck and Joseph Dahdah were to work for the Diaspora's community in Sydney and reached on 8 May 1893 the Sydney's port. They set up in 1894 a Maronite chapel in the Waterloo district and served until 1897, when a new church was inaugurated by the then Cardinal Moran on January 10, 1897, for the service of the Maronites. Pastor Abdallah Yazbeck died in 1933 in Sydney, and priest Joseph Dahdah died after his return to Lebanon in 1936. Twentieth century Priest Abdallah Assaf was the successor and was the Maronite pastor until 1960. Assaf was replaced by Chukrallah Harb in 1961 until his return in 1963 to the Vatican City. In the district of Redfern's Saint Maron Church served all Maronite Catholics for 70 years until the Maronites of the community settled in other centers as Parramatta. The community continued to grow at remarkable. The Maronite Patriarch named Reverend Peter Ziade to continue the Priest Harb's pastoral ministry in 1963. He was assisted by Priest Trad. From 1963 to 1965, the church of Saint Maron was built. In addition, a town hall, municipal school, a rectory in the district of Redfern was built also in 1965. The Congregation of the Maronite Sisters of the Holy Family established their missionary work in 1968. A piece of land of Harris Park in Sydney with a community hall was built and the foundation stone for the Church of Our Lady of Lebanon was laid in 1970. Pastor Ziade helped to establish a Lebanese monastic order in Sydney and participated in the founding of the diocese in Australia. The eparchy was erected on 25 June 1973 by Pope Paul VI's bull Illo fretis Councils. and in October 1973 Archbishop (pro hac vice) Ignace Abdo Khalifé in Rome was established as Eparchy of the newly Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron in Sydney. His duties were also the organization and establishment of additional Maronite eparchies in Australia and request help from other priests. The first priests who had answered the bishop's ask for help were Michal Boumelhem, Youseff Touma, Antoun Shalhoub and Nakhle Akiki. During their joint, 18-year pastoral ministry for the Maronite Eparchy of Saint Maron in Sydney the Maronite Catholic Church of the Lady of Lebanon was opened in 1978. After that, Eparch Khalife built the Church of the Saint Joseph in the district of Croydon and the Saint George in Thornleigh. This was followed by the acquisition of land for the bishopric in Strathfield district and the establishment of Antonine Sisters in Melbourne in 1981. In addition to the establishment of the Home of Our Lady of Lebanon, in Harris Park, Eparch Khalifé ordered the acquisition of land for the construction of the Our Lady of Lebanon Church in Wollongong, New South Wales. It also followed the acquisition of land for the construction of two houses near the church of Our Lady in Harris Park. Eparch Khalife ended his mission in 1991 and was replaced by Eparch Joseph Hitti. Bishop Hitti took over the diocese on 4 March 1991. Under his leadership, the Maronite community continues to grow. In 1993, the Congregation of Maronite Missionaries welcomed by parish priest Sarkis Charbel founded then their pastoral mission in Sydney. The kindergarten facility in Belmore was inaugurated. The authorization for the acquisition of land for the establishment of a parent company for the Maronite nuns in Dulwich Hill has been permitted. Under Bishop Hitti, the Lebanese Our Lady of Lebanon University and the Saint Charbel high school were inaugurated. The Antonius monks were invited to Melbourne to begin their missionary work among the Maronite faithful. They accepted the invitation and came to Australia in December 1997. The inauguration of the newly established Secretariat in Strathfield was blessed by Bishop Hitti. Bishop Ad Abi Karam was formally installed in office on 8 February 2002. He was the third Maronite Bishop of Australia. On 17 April 2013 Eparch Anthony Tarabay replaced Karam and became the fourth Eparch of the Maronites in Australia. Episcopal ordinaries The following individuals have been elected as Maronite Eparch of Saint Maron: {| class="wikitable" !Order !Name !Title !Date enthroned !Reign ended !Term of office !Reason for term end |- |align="center"| ||Ignace Abdo Khalifé, S.J. † ||Archbishop-bishop of St Maron of Sydney (Maronite) ||align="center" |25 June 1973 ||align="center" |23 November 1990 ||align="right" | ||Retired and appointed Bishop Emeritus of St Maroun of Sydney |- |align="center"| ||Joseph Hitti ||Bishop of St Maron of Sydney (Maronite) ||align="center" |23 November 1990 ||align="center" |26 October 2001 ||align="right" | ||Retired and appointed Bishop Emeritus of St Maroun of Sydney |- |align="center"| ||Ad Abi Karam ||Bishop of St Maron of Sydney (Maronite) ||align="center" |26 October 2001 ||align="center" |17 April 2013||align="right" | || Retired and appointed Bishop Emeritus of St Maroun of Sydney |- |align="center"| ||Anthony Tarabay, OLM ||Bishop of St Maron of Sydney (Maronite) ||align="center" |17 April 2013 ||align="center" |present ||align="right" | ||n/a |- |} See also Roman Catholicism in Australia Maronite Church List of Catholic dioceses (structured view) Christianity in the Middle East References External links Maronite Eparchy of Australia GigaCatholic, with more episcopal biographies Maronite Diocese of Saint Maroun Category:Lebanese Australian St. Maron Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Australia Category:Dioceses established in the 20th century Category:Redfern, New South Wales Category:Eastern Catholicism in Australia

Franz-Josef Tenhagen

Franz-Josef 'Jupp' Tenhagen (born 31 October 1952 in Millingen) is a retired German football player and a football coach. Career The defensive footballer played 457 games and scored 25 goals in the Bundesliga. Tenhagen won three caps for West Germany in 1977. Career statistics Honours DFB-Pokal: runner-up 1987–88 References External links Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:People from Rees, Germany Category:German footballers Category:Germany international footballers Category:Germany B international footballers Category:German football managers Category:Rot-Weiß Oberhausen players Category:VfL Bochum players Category:Borussia Dortmund players Category:Bundesliga players Category:VfL Bochum managers Category:Bundesliga managers Category:Rot Weiss Ahlen managers Category:1. FC Bocholt managers Category:SC Fortuna Köln managers Category:SG Wattenscheid 09 managers Category:Association football defenders Category:Association football midfielders Category:Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia

Sardinian warbler

The Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) is a common and widespread typical warbler from the Mediterranean region. Like most Sylvia species, it has distinct male and female plumages. The adult male has a grey back, whitish underparts, black head, white throat and red eyes. Plumages are somewhat variable even in the same locality, with the intensity of a reddish hue on upper- and/or underside varies from absent to (in some subspecies) pronounced. The female is mainly brown above and buff below, with a grey head. The Sardinian warbler's song is fast and rattling, and is very characteristic of the Mediterranean areas where this bird breeds. Taxonomy and systematics The first formal description of the Sardinian warbler was by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1789 in the 13th edition of the Systema naturae. He coined the binomial name Motacilla melanocephala. The current genus Sylvia was introduced in 1769 by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli. The genus name is from Modern Latin silvia, a woodland sprite, related to silva, a wood. The specific melanocephala is from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kephale, "head". Together with Menetries' warbler the Sardinian warbler forms a superspecies. Both have white malar areas and light throats, and otherwise black heads in adult males, as well as a naked ring around the eye. The subalpine warbler, which seems the superspecies' closest relative, has a dark throat and breast and a dark gray upper head in males, but otherwise shares these characters. These three species are related to a dark-throated superspecies consisting of Rüppell's warbler and the Cyprus warbler, which also share the white malar area with blackish above. This bird may be considered a superspecies, divided into the western Sylvia melanocephala and Sylvia momus from the more arid regions of the Near East and adjacent Africa. Subspecies The geographical variation in the Sardinian warbler conforms to some extent with Gloger's rule, though not as strongly as in some other typical warblers. The validity of leucogastra and norissae is not accepted by some authors, and valverdei has been described very recently. On the other hand, leucogastra might be more than one subspecies. Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala (Gmelin, 1789) Iberia across the northern Mediterranean to western Turkey. Extends into the Maghreb from Iberia, and into Libya from Italy via Sicily. Migrates to the Sahel and oases in the Sahara in winter. Large, long wings, tail tip rather pointed. A dark form, usually lacking any reddish in males but flanks extensively grey. Females' uppersides vary between deep olive brown and greyish olive. Sylvia melanocephala leucogastra (Ledru, 1810) - often included in melanocephala; phylogenetic status requires review Canary Islands, resident, probably some vagrancy between eastern islands and Maghreb. Medium size, short-winged and large-billed. Tenerife and La Palma (western) birds are most distinct, being dark above with some rusty/beige hue on the underside in males. Eastern birds (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Gran Canaria) are more like melanocephala and momus but differ in measurements. Sylvia melanocephala momus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) Near East. Resident, some local movements. Smallish, short-winged. Varies between brownish grey and rusty above; underside almost always has reddish hue. Females rusty to rusty olive. Sylvia melanocephala norissae Nicoll, 1917: Fayyum warbler - probably only a local morph of momus Nile Delta region. Extinct since around 1940. Like momus, but tend to be very reddish. Sylvia melanocephala valverdei Cabot & Urdiales, 2005 - recently split from melanocephala From Tiznit (Morocco) south to the Tropic of Cancer, inland to the edge of the Sahara. Resident, but some seasonal movements. Medium-sized, tail tip quite square. A very pure-colored form, the palest subspecies. Undersides clean white. Matte black cap in males. Juveniles decidedly sandy. Distribution and habitat It breeds in the southernmost areas of Europe and just into Asia in Turkey and the eastern end of the Mediterranean. This small passerine bird, unlike most "warblers", is not particularly migratory, but some birds winter in north Africa, and it occurs as a vagrant well away from the breeding range, as far as Great Britain. Behaviour and ecology This is a bird of open country and cultivation, with bushes for nesting. The nest is built in low shrub or brambles, and 3-6 eggs are laid. Like most "warblers", it is insectivorous, but will also take berries and other soft fruit. Footnotes References Helbig, A.J. (2001): Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia. In: Shirihai, Hadoram: Sylvia warblers: 24–29. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.. Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35(2): 149–186. (HTML abstract) External links Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the Sardinian warbler Ageing and sexing (PDF; 4.2 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze Feathers of Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) Avibase Sardinian warbler Category:Birds of Southern Europe Category:Birds of Western Asia Category:Birds of North Africa Category:Birds of the Canary Islands Category:Fauna of Sardinia Sardinian warbler

Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet

The Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet was a unique prototype fighter interceptor built by the Northrop Corporation. It was one of the most radical of the experimental aircraft built during World War II. Ultimately, it was unsuccessful and did not enter production. Design and development The initial idea for the XP-56 was quite radical for 1939. It was to have no horizontal tail, only a small vertical tail, used an experimental engine, and be produced using a novel metal, magnesium. The aircraft was to be a wing with a small central fuselage added to house the engine and pilot. It was hoped that this configuration would have less aerodynamic drag than a conventional airplane. The idea for this single-seat aircraft originated in 1939 as the Northrop N2B model. It was designed around the Pratt & Whitney liquid-cooled X-1800 engine in a pusher configuration driving contra-rotating propellers. The U.S. Army ordered Northrop to begin design work on 22 June 1940, and after reviewing the design ordered a prototype aircraft on 26 September 1940. Shortly after design work had begun, Pratt & Whitney, however, stopped development of the X-1800. The Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine was substituted, although it was considered not entirely suitable. Although the new engine was more powerful (2,000 hp vs 1,800 hp) it had a larger diameter and required a larger fuselage to house it. This change delayed the program by five months. It was expected that the new engine would require a 2,000 lb weight increase and cost 14 mph in top speed. Since this tailless design was novel and considered high risk, it was decided to construct a small, lightweight plane of similar configuration for testing called the Model N-1M. In parallel with the design of the XP-56, successful flight trials of the configuration were conducted utilizing this airframe, confirming the basic layout. Two small Lycoming engines powered this aircraft. These trials confirmed the stability of the radical design and, upon review, the Army decided to construct a second prototype, which was ordered on 13 February 1942. Northrop constructed the XP-56 using magnesium alloy for the airframe and skin, because aluminium was forecast to be in short supply due to wartime demands. At the time there was little experience with magnesium aircraft construction. Because magnesium cannot be easily welded using conventional techniques, Northrop hired Vladimir Pavlecka to develop the heliarc welding technique for magnesium alloy. (Later it was discovered that in the 1920s General Electric had already developed similar techniques.) First prototype First engine runs in the aircraft were conducted in late March 1943, but excessive propeller shaft flex caused the engine to fail. Pratt & Whitney did not send another engine until August, causing a five-month delay. Taxi tests of the XP-56 began on 6 April 1943 and showed a serious yaw problem. At first, it was thought to be caused by uneven wheel brakes, and considerable effort was placed into fixing this problem. Manual hydraulic brakes were installed and the aircraft flew on 30 September 1943 at Muroc Air Base in southern California. Eventually, the yaw problem was traced to a lack of aerodynamic stability, and to fix this the upper vertical stabilizer was enlarged from a mere stub, to one virtually matching the ventral unit in shape and area. After a number of flights, the first XP-56 was destroyed 8 October 1943 when the tire on the left gear blew out during a high-speed (~130 mph) taxi across Muroc Dry Lake. The pilot, John Myers, survived with minor injuries which he credited to his innovative wearing of a polo player's helmet. Myers was the test pilot for several of Northrop's radical designs during the war. Second prototype A number of changes were made to the second prototype, including re-ballasting to move the center-of-gravity forward, increasing the size of the upper vertical tail, and reworking the rudder control linkages. This second prototype was not completed until January 1944. The aircraft flew on 23 March 1944. The pilot had difficulty lifting the nose wheel below 160 mph (257 km/h). He also reported extreme yaw sensitivity. This flight lasted less than eight minutes, but subsequent flights were longer, and the nose heaviness disappeared when the landing gear was retracted. Only relatively low speeds were attained, however. While urging NACA to investigate the inability to attain designed speeds, further flight tests were made. On the 10th flight, the pilot noted extreme tail heaviness, lack of power, and excessive fuel consumption. Flight testing was then ceased as too hazardous, and the project was abandoned after a year of inactivity. By 1946, the U.S. Army Air Forces was developing jet-powered fighters, and had no need for a new propeller-driven fighter aircraft. Aircraft disposition 41-786 - crashed during high-speed ground run in 1943. 42-38353 - in storage at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.. On 20 December 1946, the U.S. Army shipped the second prototype to Freeman Field, Indiana, for storage. It became part of the National Air and Space Museum's collection in 1950–51 when the Smithsonian moved this collection to its Suitland, Maryland-located Paul Garber Restoration Facility. Timeline 20 June 1940—Development contract signed. 4 October 1940—Original engine's development canceled. 5 September 1941—Second prototype ordered. 15 July 1941—Mockup of design inspected by Army. March 1943—First prototype completed. Engine runs begin. 6 April 1943—High speed taxi tests. 6 September 1943—First flight. 8 October 1943—Additional taxi tests after prototype modifications, first prototype crashes. January 1944—Second prototype completed. 23 March 1944—Second prototype's first flight. January 1946—Development stops. Specifications (XP-56 estimates) See also References Notes Bibliography Allen, R.S. The Northrop Story. New York: Orion, 1990. . Andersen, Fred. Northrop - An Aeronautical History: A Commemorative Book Edition of Airplane Designs and Concepts. Century City, California: Northrop Corporation, 1976. Library of Congress nr. 76-22294. Balzer, Gerald H. American Secret Pusher Fighters of World War II: XP-54, XP-55, and XP-56. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2008. . Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters. London: MacDonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (Sixth impression 1969). . Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: US Army Air Force Fighters, Part 2. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1978. . Jenkins, Dennis and Tony Landis. Experimental and Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet Fighters. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2008. . Maloney, Edward T. Northrop Flying Wings. Buena Park, California: Planes Of Fame Publishers, 1975. . Pape, Gerry, John M. and Donna Campbell. The Flying Wings of Jack Northrop. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer, 1994. . Woolridge, E.T. Winged Wonders - The Story of the Flying Wings. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press, 1983. . Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States P-56 Category:Tailless aircraft Northrop P-56 Black Bullet Category:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers Category:Mid-wing aircraft Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft

Chris Jordan (rugby league)

Chris Jordan is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand in the 1977 World Cup. His father, Len, was a New Zealand international between 1946 and 1949. Playing career Jordan played for the University club in the Auckland Rugby League competition, being coached by Jack Fagan. He later joined the Ellerslie club. He was part of the Auckland side that defeated France 9-3 on 13 June 1975 at Carlaw Park in front of 10,000 fans. He was also part of the Auckland side that completed a famous "grand slam" in 1977 by defeating Great Britain, France and Australia in the space on 21 days. Jordan made his international debut for the New Zealand national rugby league team in 1977 at the World Cup. Between 1977 and 1978 he played in five Test matches for the Kiwis, scoring two tries and sixteen goals for thirty eight points. References Category:Living people Category:New Zealand rugby league players Category:New Zealand national rugby league team players Category:Auckland rugby league team players Category:Rugby league fullbacks Category:Rugby league centres Category:Rugby league five-eighths Category:Ellerslie Eagles players Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

George Eastham Sr.

George Richard Eastham (13 August 1914 - January 2000) was an English footballer and manager. As an inside forward, he represented England once at international level, and played for Bolton Wanderers, Brentford, Blackpool, Swansea Town, Rochdale and Lincoln City. He is the father of George Eastham Jr. and the brother of Harry Eastham. References Category:1914 births Category:2000 deaths Category:English footballers Category:England international footballers Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Category:Brentford F.C. players Category:Blackpool F.C. players Category:Swansea City A.F.C. players Category:Rochdale A.F.C. players Category:Lincoln City F.C. players Category:Hyde United F.C. players Category:Winsford United F.C. players Category:Ards F.C. players Category:English football managers Category:Ards F.C. managers Category:Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) managers Category:Glentoran F.C. managers Category:Sportspeople from Blackpool Category:Lisburn Distillery F.C. managers Category:English Football League players Category:English Football League representative players Category:English Football League managers Category:Birmingham City F.C. wartime guest players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. wartime guest players Category:Brentford F.C. wartime guest players Category:York City F.C. wartime guest players Category:Mansfield Town F.C. wartime guest players Category:Millwall F.C. wartime guest players Category:Queens Park Rangers F.C. wartime guest players Category:Association football inside forwards

Campbell Munro

Campbell Munro (22 July 1899 – 5 October 1943) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1922 to 1929. A right-arm pace bowler and useful batsman, in his first season in 1921-22 Munro led the Eastern Province attack, taking 20 wickets in four Currie Cup matches at an average of 24.15. He played only one first-class match in 1922-23, when Eastern Province played the touring MCC. He took 5 for 67, dismissing the top five batsmen, but Eastern Province lost by an innings. In his first match in 1924-25 he made 41 and 53 in the middle order and took 5 for 68 and 3 for 44 against Orange Free State. His next match was against S. B. Joel's English team when he took 7 for 81 in S. B. Joel's XI’s first innings. He was later selected for South Africa in the last of the five unofficial Tests. He took two wickets in South Africa’s victory. He was outstanding for Eastern Province in the Currie Cup in 1926-27, taking 30 wickets at an average of 21.16. Nobody else in the team took more than nine wickets. He played for Orange Free State in his last two seasons, 1927-28 and 1928-29, with moderate success. References External links Category:1899 births Category:1943 deaths Category:South African cricketers Category:Eastern Province cricketers Category:Free State cricketers

Thomas Bailey Marquis

Thomas Bailey Marquis (December 19, 1869 – March 22, 1935) was an American self-taught historian and ethnographer who wrote about the Plains Indians and other subjects of the American frontier. He had a special interest in the destruction of George Armstrong Custer's battalion at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, which became his lifelong obsession. Marquis' body of work is valued by historians for his recording of the life stories of several Plains Indians and his writing on their way of life, particularly those involved in the Custer fight, notably Wooden Leg in A Warrior Who Fought Custer. Marquis carried out this research at a time when few were interested in the Indian version of events, even though no American soldiers survived the Custer fight. Marquis' work is thus both unique and unrepeatable. Marquis developed his own theories regarding the history of the Cheyenne. One idea in particular, that many of Custer's men committed suicide when the situation became hopeless, proved to be highly controversial. This idea first surfaced in the Wooden Leg narrative, but was most fully developed in Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself, considered by Marquis to be his most important work and the culmination of his Custer research. The latter was not published during Marquis' life; much of his work did not appear in print until the 1970s. The last book to be published, The Cheyennes of Montana (pub. 1978), is regarded as especially valuable by historians. In 2006 of a collection of his photographs was published as, A Northern Cheyenne Album. Marquis was born in Missouri and trained for a career as a printworker. He moved to Montana because he wanted an adventure in the West, but ended up staying there for the remainder of his life. At first he worked as an itinerant printer, but after getting married he trained in medicine and became a physician. The idea was to have a more settled lifestyle, especially after his first daughter was born, but Marquis seemed to have a wanderlust, frequently changing location and often considering a change of career (he qualified as an attorney at one point). This became especially apparent after his military service in World War I and the failure of his marriage. These moves were always within Montana, and his final location was in Hardin on the Crow Reservation close to the Custer battle site. He founded a museum there that has now been incorporated into the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument. Marquis first took up writing around the turn of the century, writing newspaper articles. In 1922 he was appointed agency physician to the Northern Cheyenne. He resigned after only ten weeks, but he was there long enough to realize that several participants of the Custer battle were still alive. Between 1923 and 1926 Marquis practiced medicine privately on the Crow Reservation but then tried to make writing his permanent career. Throughout his life Marquis was often in debt; his writing was sometimes interrupted by the need to earn money at medicine, or even his original career of typesetting. From 1926 he returned to his contacts among the Cheyenne, interviewing them in depth. The trust he developed with them allowed them to open up to him in a way they had not with any other outsiders. The result formed the bulk of Marquis' most important works. Early life Marquis was born December 19, 1869, on a farm near Osceola, Missouri. The family surname came from French ancestors who had been granted the hereditary title of Marquis. Marquis' great-great-grandfather was disinherited around 1768 for marrying beneath his station, to the daughter of an English merchant. With no prospects in France, he emigrated to Virginia, where he took Marquis as a surname. Marquis' grandfather, James Marquis, was a minister in the Methodist Church who left the ministry to study medicine. His son, Marquis' father, Adonijah Cosner Marquis, also studied medicine; both James and Adonijah served as medical officers in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Adonijah served at the military hospital in Clinton, Missouri, where he met and married Sarah Ellen Westfall, the eldest daughter of a wealthy farming family from Vernon County, Missouri, who became Marquis' mother. After the war, Adonijah purchased a farm in Osceola; he returned to medical practice and left the running of the farm to employees. Marquis was the youngest of four children. His mother died before he was one year old. Although his father remarried soon after, Marquis was cared for by his maternal grandmother until he was four. He then joined his father and stepmother at their home in Roscoe, Missouri. Adonijah bought a half-share in the newspaper Osceola so that his son, Birney, Marquis' elder brother, could learn the printing trade. When he was old enough, Marquis did the same and could set type by the time he was thirteen. After leaving school in 1885, Marquis was sent, along with his sister Mollie, to the Weaubleau Christian Institute in Weaubleau, Missouri. He graduated in 1887. At first, Marquis was only able to find work as a teacher at a local one-room school. However, his brother found him work as a printer in St. Joseph. In February 1888 Marquis made the 150-mile journey to St. Joseph. This was the farthest the young man had ever been from home and his first experience of a big city. Printworker In St. Joseph Marquis worked for various newspapers, including the St. Joseph Daily News, the St. Joseph Gazette, and the St. Joseph Herald. It seems that work was easy to find as many printworkers had left the city after the printworkers union achieved a closed shop. Marquis' interest in the West was first sparked in 1890 by stories from three fellow printers who had spent a year there. Marquis and a colleague at the Herald resolved to save for a similar trip, working every shift available. In the end, however, the other printer dropped out and Marquis went alone. He boarded a train for Helena, Montana, on July 23, 1890, arriving on the 27th. He soon found temporary work at the Helena Independent-Record. It was in Helena that Marquis first met Native Americans. Perhaps more remarkably, it was there that he first experienced a Chinese restaurant. Later in 1890 Marquis traveled with another itinerant printer to Anaconda, Montana, where he again found temporary work with the Anaconda Standard. The Standard was the leading newspaper in Montana, financed by Marcus Daly, and built by campaigning editor John Hurst Durston. By the end of the year Marquis had a permanent post at the Standard. In November 1892, he married Octavia Stewart Hillhouse, a granddaughter of Joseph Stewart, the first commandant of Alcatraz. Two years later Marquis decided to change to a more settled career and began the study of medicine. Medicine In 1894, Marquis enrolled at University Medical College, Kansas City. A year of study was sufficient to allow him to practice medicine under the supervision of his father at Bosworth, Missouri, where the pair set up a practice and opened a drugstore. The practice was not very successful, so Marquis and his wife moved to Coloma where he worked under the supervision of another doctor. Marquis completed his studies with financial help from his wife's family and summer work as a printer in Anaconda. He graduated March 23, 1898, and returned to Montana. His daughter, Minnie-Ellen, was born soon after in Anaconda. Still struggling financially, Marquis looked for a more prosperous practice in Virginia City, Montana, where he became friends with Samuel V. Stewart. He decided to set up practice in nearby Ennis, a town he expected would grow substantially. When the practice became successful, he moved his family to Ennis, and was able to pay off his debts. It was in Ennis that Marquis first took up writing after becoming friends with Robert A. Vickers, the founder of the Alder Gulch Times. Marquis was a correspondent for the paper, submitting news that he had gathered on his medical rounds. Finding that Ennis was not expanding as he had expected, in 1904 he moved to Bozeman, but the move was not a success, and he again got into debt. Here a second daughter was born, Anna Rose Octavia. He had more success with a move to Clyde Park, where he established a well-respected practice. By 1910 he could afford to build a larger home for his family and exchanged horse and buggy transport for motor vehicles on his rounds. He occasionally addressed the Montana Medical Association conventions and acted as the Park County Health Officer. Marquis continued to write newspaper articles while at Clyde Park, mainly on historical or biographical themes. In 1915 Marquis' marriage began to fail. His family moved to Bozeman, leaving him without a receptionist, a role previously filled by his wife. At the same time, another practice had opened in Clyde Park, drawing away some of his business. In November 1916 Marquis closed his Clyde Park practice and moved to Livingston to share an office with the city health official. Law Marquis was an avid reader, and at Clyde Park his material included law books borrowed from attorney friends. In 1916 they persuaded him to sit the bar exam, which he passed. However, Marquis never made professional use of this qualification except for one case where he represented a Methodist minister suing an employer (of a second job) for back wages. After winning the case, Marquis promptly retired from that career so that he could claim that he was "100 percent successful as a lawyer", but he remained listed as a member of the Montana bar throughout his life. Army Medical Corps When the US entered World War I in 1917, Marquis volunteered for the Army Medical Corps. While at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, for training in August, Marquis took the opportunity to study the civil war site of the Battle of Chickamauga, in which his uncle, Birney Marquis, had fought with the 39th Indiana Infantry Regiment. This may be an early indication of Marquis' interest in writing books. Marquis wished to be sent to France, but was required first to take a course in French. In the meantime, he was assigned to a convalescent hospital. Shortly before being sent overseas, Marquis was assigned to Camp Forrest in Lytle, Georgia, an engineering camp, where he found himself treating victims of the beginning of the 1918 flu pandemic. Marquis arrived in England just as the war ended; the flu epidemic, however, had not. He continued to Cannes, where he was assigned the task of determining the capacity of hotels for use as hospitals. In January 1919 he was assigned to the Hotel Metropole as assistant to the attending surgeon. They were soon overwhelmed with influenza cases. Marquis himself came down with flu but continued working. He was reassigned to the Hotel Suisse in Nice, but, still ill, was ordered back to the US. During the long wait for transport home, he took up medical duties in Gironde, finally docking in the US in June. Cheyenne agency physician Following the end of his army service in 1919, Marquis was restless and unsure of his future path. He first restarted the practice at Livingston and sold the house at Clyde Park (retaining some land there as a legacy for his daughters). He then decided to move to Whitehall, where he spent more and more of his time writing, at first on his wartime experiences, and then short articles on diverse subjects collected into volumes. He also wrote short stories during this period. However, he could not find a publisher. In early 1922 Marquis started considering working as an Indian agency physician. This would both satisfy his longstanding interest in the Native Americans of the West, and provide a subject that might be of interest to publishers. In May, Marquis applied to the Civil Service Commission. While waiting, he began work on a novel, Boute, an unfinished story based on his wartime experiences. In June, Marquis was appointed agency physician to the Northern Cheyenne. He arrived in the agency village of Lame Deer, Montana, in early July. The Cheyennes at this time were poverty-stricken and in poor health. Tuberculosis was rife. Marquis was mistrusted at first, as was white-man medicine in general, but he showed sympathy and understanding for them and quickly gained their confidence. He began keeping an "Indian diary", a record of the stories told to him by the Cheyennes. He often required an interpreter for the older Cheyennes who could not speak English. Much of this material was incorporated into his later book The Cheyennes of Montana. Among the older people who spoke to Marquis was Porcupine, the preacher who brought the Ghost Dance religion to the Cheyenne. Another important informant was Willis Rowland, a mixed-blood, former army scout and interpreter. Rowland had been interpreter to George Bird Grinnell, author of The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Ways of Life. Marquis began taking photographs of Cheyenne life and people. Many of these images would be published long after Marquis' death by anthropologist Margot Liberty in A Northern Cheyenne Album. This habit of taking photos led to Marquis being given the Indian name "White Man Doctor Makes Pictures". However, Marquis found that he often had to explain the meaning to puzzled new Cheyenne acquaintances (Indian names were expected to have a self-evident meaning). It was during this period that Marquis became interested in the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Custer. This interest became an obsession that was to last the rest of his life. The battle site was only twenty-five miles to the west on the Crow Indian Reservation. All the participants of the battle on the US side had died in action, but very little had been published in the way of Indian accounts. Most information had come from soldiers who only witnessed the aftermath. Marquis realized that there were a number of Cheyenne participants of the battle still alive on the reservation. However, interviewing them at length seemed too difficult at this time. There was the language barrier, and Marquis was busy as a doctor trying to cover a large area. As the particularly severe winter of 1922–23 started to close in, Marquis considered that the task had gone from difficult to impossible. He resigned his post and returned to Whitehall on September 27, having spent only ten weeks on the reservation. He arrived back in time to attend the wedding of his daughter Minnie-Ellen. Writing career Crow agency physician The cold winters drove Marquis to consider yet another change of career (Whitehall is at an elevation of 4360 ft); he applied to the United States Veteran's Bureau. Meanwhile, he continued writing. He expanded his Indian diary into a book on the Cheyenne; he also wrote short stories and an article on "Reviewing the Story of Custer's Last Battle", the first of his many publications on this subject. In April 1923, he moved to Alberton, where he continued to practice medicine, and published a short story "Buffalo Heart, Indian Policeman", printed in The Youth's Companion, a leading literary magazine. In June, this success, and the better climate in Alberton, led him to turn down a job offer from the Veteran's Bureau and put most of his effort into work on his Cheyenne book. In May 1924 he had a second story, "The Guest of the Tribe", published in The Youth's Companion. However, Marquis was never really comfortable writing fiction. What he really wanted to do was to write non-fiction about the Custer battle, and to do that he needed to be nearer to the scene. The opportunity came in June 1925 when the agency physician for the Crow Reservation suggested to him that there was room for another physician to set up practice there. In August, he set up a medical practice in Lodge Grass on the Crow Reservation. In early September Marquis went to Lame Deer for the Cheyenne annual fair. There, Willis Rowland helped him compile a list of elderly Cheyennes. Although the Custer battlefield was on the Crow Reservation, the Crow had been on the US side during the Great Sioux War of 1876, of which the Custer battle was a part, and so would have no eyewitnesses to the battle, everybody fighting with Custer having been killed. Back in Lodge Grass, Marquis made two important contacts. In November, he had his first meeting with Thomas H. Leforge. Leforge lived among the Crow and had been a scout and interpreter for General Gibbon in the 1876 war. Leforge would be the subject of the first book Marquis succeeded in publishing, Memoirs of a White Crow Indian. The second contact was William H. White, who was with the Second Cavalry under Gibbon. White would be the subject of Custer, Cavalry & Crows. Marquis was now having some publishing success, including fiction in Lariat Story Magazine, non-fiction in Century Magazine (an article about Oscar Good Shot, an Oglala Sioux), and his first work of fiction not related to Indians, "The making of a garage doctor" in The American Motorist. However, he was clearly still torn concerning his future. The importance of Leforge and White to his writing career was not yet clear, and Marquis continued to look at other options. Besides his application to the Veteran's Bureau, he also looked for a post as agency physician (he was still practicing privately). Unable to get a post on the Crow reservation, he applied for a post with the Western Shoshone in Nevada. He changed his mind after some writing success and declined the post when it was offered, only to change his mind again and request the post. However, it was no longer available. Indian Sign Language Marquis was taught Indian Sign Language by the Crow. This would be a great help to him in his research as the language was common to all the plains tribes. Marquis also had lessons from John Stands in Timber, the Cheyenne tribal historian and grandson of Lame White Man, a Cheyenne chief killed in the battle with Custer. Together with co-author Margot Liberty, Stands in Timber published Cheyenne Memories shortly before he died in 1967. According to the Crow historian Joseph Medicine Crow, whose family were close friends of Marquis, Marquis would engage in animated sign language with Leforge while driving. This once caused an accident when Marquis rear-ended another vehicle while so distracted. Back to the Cheyenne In July 1926, a large payment from Century allowed him to move to Ashland, close to the Northern Cheyenne reservation. Marquis once again applied for a position at the Western Shoshone reservation, but when this was turned down in October he wrote, "rather glad than sorry to hear it", as his writing had progressed a great deal in the interim. He had met the father of Kate Big Head, a witness to the Custer battle about whom he would later write. Another new contact was Jules Chaudel, who had been with the Cheyenne scouts at Fort Keogh. In October, Marquis completed Memoirs of a White Crow Indian and submitted it to The Century Company. He then began working through Rowland's list of Cheyenne old enough to be informants about the Custer fight. His first meeting was with Iron Teeth, said to be the oldest woman in the tribe. Next was Wooden Leg, a government-appointed tribal judge and another ex-scout. Wooden Leg had fought with the Cheyenne at the Battle of the Little Big Horn at the age of 18. In November, Marquis met James Tangled Yellow Hair. By January 1927, Marquis was working this material into a book that would eventually become The Cheyennes of Montana. There were to be chapters on Chaudel, Iron Teeth, Wooden Leg, and Tangled Yellow Hair. However, Marquis developed a particularly strong relationship with Wooden Leg, whose lengthy narrative eventually became a separate book, A Warrior Who Fought Custer. Also covered separately was Kate Big Head's narrative, published as She Watched Custer's Last Battle. Another narrative included in The Cheyennes is, "A Cheyenne Old Man". Though the man was not named by Marquis, a photograph of him was included in the book, and he was subsequently identified as Sun Bear, a veteran of both the Fetterman Fight and the Custer battle. From April, Marquis began collecting artifacts of the Custer battle. He visited Cheyennes to buy objects that had been taken from the dead soldiers, particularly weapons. According to Weist, the fact that the Cheyennes would even admit that they had these objects was a measure of the trust Marquis had earned. Marquis also collected Cheyenne objects, including scalping knives. After attending the annual Sun Dance in Lame Deer, Marquis moved to Hardin, somewhat closer to the Custer battlefield. Marquis' presence at that Sun Dance, and at others held in subsequent years until 1931, was another measure of the Cheyennes' trust. The Sun Dance (called by the Cheyenne the Great Medicine dance) had earlier been made illegal by the Federal Government; 1927 was the first year they had been allowed to hold it openly. It was still disapproved of, and practicing Indian medicine was a jailable offense. Hardin In October 1927, Memoirs of a White Crow Indian was accepted for publication by Century, and Marquis was prompted to take down his medical practice sign. However, this was premature, as it would be some time before royalties were forthcoming. Lack of funds drove Marquis to continue seeing patients and carrying out insurance medical examinations. He also needed to borrow money from relatives and cash in his war risk insurance policy. Memoirs of a White Crow Indian was published in April 1928 and received good reviews. The Cheyennes of Montana was submitted to Century in August, and A Warrior Who Fought Custer was submitted in October. However, in November Marquis was informed that the first six months' sales of Memoirs of a White Crow Indian had been poor, and the royalties were disappointing. There was now a danger that the other two books he had submitted to Century would not be published at all. A small success came in December with the publication of "Red Ripe's Squaw" in Century Magazine, it was an abridged version of the Iron Teeth narrative. At the end of February 1929 Marquis received a much-needed payment of $150 for this work. In the meantime, Marquis was spending a great deal of time on his research into the Custer battle. He now had a dozen Cheyenne informants, including Wooden Leg. With them, from June 1928, communicating mainly with sign language or through interpreters, he consulted maps and went on field trips to the battle site. He also corresponded with George Bird Grinnell, Generals Hugh L. Scott and Edward S. Godfrey, and with Custer's widow Elizabeth Custer. He also started loaning out some of his Custer memorabilia for exhibitions. Personal contacts during this period included Laton Alton Huffman, a well-known Montana frontier photographer, W. H. Banfill of the Billings Gazette, who wrote Western history articles, artist and author Will James, and James Willard Schultz, author and explorer. In June 1929 Marquis was putting together a new book about William H. White, Custer, Cavalry & Crows, which involved more interviews. He found a publisher in April 1930, the Midwest Company of Minneapolis, but the publication date was not until spring, 1931, and Marquis would not receive royalties until a year after publication, so money continued to be tight. Upset, Marquis retired to a cabin in Laurel. Better news came in August 1930. The Midwest Company accepted A Warrior Who Fought Custer for publication. They wished to publish it in the spring instead of Custer, Cavalry & Crows, whose publication would be delayed until a later date. Although the latter was now delayed for a second time, both books were certain to be published. In the meantime, Marquis, perpetually short of funds, moved to a small cabin on the property of his brother, Addie Marquis, in Bozeman. Here he spent some of his time setting type at a printing shop that employed his cousin, Nige Garrison, to whom he owed money. A Warrior Who Fought Custer was published in April 1931 to mostly good reviews. However, W. J. Ghent, writing in the New York Times, criticized the claim made by Wooden Leg that many of Custer's men had committed suicide rather than face death at the hands of the Indians. Although sales of the Wooden Leg book did well, better than Marquis had expected, this controversy was to prove a hindrance to his chances of future book publications. Marquis believed he had multiple Indian sources verifying this account, and there were no surviving whites to contradict it. He planned to develop the idea more fully in a future book, eventually to become Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself. Marquis' publications during 1932 were articles published in the Billings Gazette, starting with an article on Leforge. Marquis submitted around 50 articles about the American West, with a particular emphasis on Indians and the Custer battle. Most of these articles were reworked, previously unpublished drafts. The articles were later syndicated by the Montana Newspaper Association. After the death of Banfill in August 1933, Marquis' articles became a regular feature to fill that gap. Custer museum Marquis continued to display and loan out his Custer artifacts. He had been considering for some time making more permanent arrangements for his collection of objects and photographs. In July 1932, with the aid of a loan from his younger daughter, Octavia, he came to an arrangement with the manager of a Custer tourist camp in Hardin. Marquis was given a two-room cabin; he lived in one room, and the other was used to display the collection. The camp planned to build a gift shop and Marquis' museum was expected to attract customers to it. In March 1933, Marquis claimed squatter's right on a nearby piece of land. He opened his Custer Battle Museum in April and moved to the property. He began publishing his own pamphlets for sale at the museum and the Custer battlefield. Titles in 1933 were: Sketch Story of the Custer Battle, She Watched Custer's Last Battle, Custer Soldiers Not Buried, and Which Indian Killed Custer?, in 1934 Sitting Bull and Gall the Warrior, and in 1935 Two Days After the Custer Battle. Last book In December 1933, Marquis began his last book, Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself: The True Story of Custer's Last Stand. Marquis considered this his most important work – the subject was his central interest and he regarded much of his previous work as mere preparation for it. The book was completed in March 1934. However, his publisher, the Midwest Company, went out of business shortly afterwards. In November, Marquis realized that he had a heart problem but continued to work. In January 1935, he wrote a new chapter for his still-unpublished book The Cheyennes of Montana, titled "Custer Battle Cheyennes". In addition to this and his new book, he was still looking for a publisher for Custer, Cavalry & Crows. On March 22, while recovering from influenza, he died of a heart attack. He was buried at the Custer Battlefield National Cemetery with a military funeral. Legacy Value to scholars Marquis' body of work is of value to scholars researching the Plains Indians' way of life in general, especially the Cheyennes, and the Custer fight at Little Bighorn. Marquis was himself aware of this importance: in a letter to his daughters shortly before his death, he emphasizes that he was the only person recording the stories of the only eyewitnesses to the Custer battle: His biographer, Thomas D. Weist, agrees, saying that even after his books had gone out of print, "anthropologists, historians, and avid readers of western history continued to seek them out in libraries for their myriad details on the Cheyennes, the Crows, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn." Edgar I. Stewart says Marquis is "one of the ablest students of the American Indian". Liberty says that he is "well trusted generally, as a historian ..." She singles out his final piece of work, the "Custer Battlefield Cheyennes", as being of special interest to American Indian Wars scholars. It is not just the Custer fight; Marquis is also known for recording the earlier life on the plains of the Cheyenne and stories of survivors of the later Northern Cheyenne Exodus. Such praise can also be found in the remarks of those critical of Marquis' suicide theory. Richard G. Hardorff wrote in 1994: "Be that as it may, it is beyond doubt that the contributions made by Marquis to our historical knowledge far outweigh these possible shortcomings." Even Ghent's highly critical review of the Wooden Leg book concedes that it is "a deeply interesting story", with his criticism reserved for the description of the Custer fight only. By 1945, all of Marquis' works were out of print. However, the Wooden Leg narrative was reprinted as Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer in 1962 by the University of Nebraska Press. In 1967 Marquis' daughters published his collected pamphlets as Custer on the Little Bighorn. Part of his Cheyenne book was published as The Reminiscences of Four Indians and a White Soldier in 1973, and Memoirs of a White Crow Indian was reprinted in 1974. Marquis' unpublished books also eventually came into print; Custer, Cavalry & Crows in 1975, Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself: The True Story of Custer's Last Stand in 1976, and The Cheyennes of Montana in 1978, 43 years after his death. The last of these included an introduction and 26-page biography of Marquis by Thomas D. Weist. Weist remains the main source of published information on Marquis. In 2003 a new edition of Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer was published with an introduction by Richard Littlebear, Cheyenne writer, educator, and president of Chief Dull Knife College. The value of Marquis' work was properly recognized only after his death. Liberty and others believe that it took so long to publish much of his work because of his controversial theory on the suicide of Custer's men. Historian Brian Dippie suggests that the Great Depression may also have been a contributing factor. Preserving Marquis' collection Shortly before his death, Marquis urged his daughters, Octavia and Minnie-Ellen, to try and preserve his Custer museum collection. They donated most of the collection to the US Government, and it is now part of the permanent display at the visitor center of the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument. Some of Marquis' photographs appeared in his books, but most remained unpublished. Marquis' daughters gave the negatives (about five hundred of them) to John Woodenlegs. Woodenlegs was the grandson of Wooden Leg, the subject of Marquis' book A Warrior Who Fought Custer. He was an educator, tribal president from 1955 to 1968, and founder of Chief Dull Knife College. Woodenlegs, unsure what to do with the material, passed them to Weist, who at the time was writing a Cheyenne history for use in reservation schools. The negatives were contained in a battered shoebox, and some were in poor condition. Weist involved photographer Jerry Mader to work on their restoration. Weist, Mader, and Woodenlegs began a project in the 1960s to make the images available in reservation schools. Without funds for publication, however, the project was abandoned in 1981 on the death of Woodenlegs. Weist died in 1994. The negatives were passed to anthropologist Margot Liberty in 1998 by a remaining project member, Elizabeth Wilson Clark, shortly before her death. Liberty had been a teacher at the Northern Cheyenne reservation in the 1950s, and she agreed to edit the material into a book for the University of Oklahoma Press. Finally, 142 of the images were published in 2006 as A Northern Cheyenne Album. The book includes a commentary from Woodenlegs recorded years before. The negatives were sold by Hap Gilliland of the Council for Indian Education to the Buffalo Bill Historical Center museum in Cody, Wyoming. Mader complained that the negatives had been a gift to the Cheyenne people, and that their proper home was in the John Woodenlegs Memorial Library in Lame Deer on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. The Smithsonian Institution and The Little Bighorn National Monument museum hold a few other Marquis negatives. The photographs are not of uniformly good quality. Dippie says that some are "... at first glance, seemingly candidates for the discard pile". But he goes on to say that their true value is in their depiction of everyday Cheyenne life in the reservation period in ways that posed portraits do not. On the other hand, Dippie adds, there are some "that would rival the best efforts of a studio portraitist". He concludes by saying that "[a]nyone interested in Plains Indian history will want to own [the book]". Liberty says that on first being sent the photographs it "was clear that they were of great historical value". For instance, there are pictures of veteran fighters in old age, the remnants from before the surrender of the Cheyenne. There are also images of the Sun Dance and the Animal Dance. The latter no longer exists, and photography is now prohibited at the former. Suicide controversy The theory that Custer's soldiers committed suicide en masse toward the end of the Battle of the Little Bighorn has been controversial from the moment it was first suggested, and the discussion continues. The notion was so controversial that Marquis could not find a publisher for Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself, his main vehicle for promoting the theory, and the book did not appear in print until 1976, forty years after his death. The earliest criticism comes with Ghent's review in the New York Times of the Wooden Leg book after its first publication in 1931. "No student of the battle is likely to accept any of the new revelations." Ghent is dismissive of the value of Indians as eyewitnesses: "... he tells what he remembers, along with much that he has imagined ..." and insists that the "body of authenticated fact is in no danger of being disturbed by any new material from any source". Weist describes this review as "somewhat supercilious" and goes on to point out that Marquis has many other witnesses confirming the story, and that the only eyewitnesses are Indians. Marquis names a dozen of these in the introduction to the Wooden Leg book, one of whom, Sun Bear, gives a similar account in The Cheyennes of Montana. However, Marquis has many other critics who say he either exaggerated the role played by suicide or is entirely mistaken. Ghent's mistrust of Indians as reliable witnesses was commonplace in the period; According to Hardorff, the theory is discounted by most academics. He suggests that Marquis may have made errors due to the use of sign language, which, he claims, cannot convey the nuances of language. In his book, Wooden Leg unambiguously relates a tale of mass suicide. He discusses possible causes of the suicides at length. It puzzled him because the idea of suicide to avoid capture was unknown to the Indians. Attributing the soldier's suicides to the effects of whisky was a common theory among the Indians, although Wooden Leg believed the prayers of medicine men to have been the cause. Wooden Leg's only taste of whisky up to the time of the battle had been a mouthful – which he immediately spat out – that he took from a captured bottle. In later life, Wooden Leg changed his mind and subscribed to the whisky theory after experiencing the effects of alcohol first-hand. Richard Fox and others note that while Wooden Leg's version is corroborated by the oral tradition of other Cheyenne witnesses, notably that of Kate Big Head, a young woman who witnessed the battle, there is no corroboration in the oral tradition of the Sioux. Fox concludes that "quite simply, the contention is nonsense. A few troopers undoubtedly took their own lives, but it is hard to know what factors fostered the idea of wholesale suicide". Fox in his turn has been criticized for selectively using Indian oral tradition when it suits him, but discarding it as nonsense when he finds it disagreeable. According to Liberty, the soldiers' fear that Indians would torture prisoners was unfounded. "Plains Indian warriors as a rule took as captives only women and children, killing male opponents outright." However, Liberty goes on to say that the possibility of torture was widely believed by Custer's men. She says that Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself is well researched by Marquis, but is often not consulted merely because of the title. Another suggestion is that the Cheyenne warriors, pressed to recount details of the Custer battle, were still reluctant to admit to killing soldiers for fear of punishment. A simple way out of this dilemma was to say when questioned by non-Indians that most of the soldiers died at their own hands. Researchers Fox and Thom Hatch say that Wooden Leg retracted the claim in later life; this would have been in extreme old age, as he had still not recanted at the age of 73 when the book was written, other than to say it was whisky that was the cause rather than prayer. In his book Cheyenne Memories, John Stands In Timber, tribal historian for the Northern Cheyenne, agrees: "Wooden Leg said some other things (in his book) he took back later. One was that the soldiers were drunk, and many killed themselves. I went with two army men to see him one time. They wanted to find out about it. I interpreted ... and we asked him if it were true that the Indians said the soldiers did that. He laughed and said there were just too many Indians. The soldiers did their best. He said if they had been drunk they would not have killed as many as they did. But it was in the book." Archaeologists have attempted to test the suicide theory, particularly by the examination of the remains of skulls, but have been unable to reach a conclusion. The suicide theory cannot be ruled out by the archaeological evidence, but there is no evidence to support it, either. Other controversies Another of Ghent's criticisms of the Wooden Leg narrative concerns the manner of the death of Tom Custer, brother of Colonel Custer, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Ghent's reasons for disbelieving are not made clear, other than that the source is an Indian. Wooden Leg describes a decapitated body with "paint markings" in the skin. From the detailed description of these tattoos, and the buckskin clothing, Marquis identifies the body as Tom Custer. This criticism does not seem to have been taken up by other scholars. Tom Custer's biography describes the decapitation and the identification from tattoos as facts without further comment. Liberty discusses the controversies surrounding Marquis in great detail, but fails to even mention Tom Custer. Liberty lists a number of Marquis' claims about the Cheyenne that are either doubted or are just generally little known. First among these is that the Sioux believed, according to Marquis, that the Great Sioux War of 1876 was a war against the Cheyenne by the United States. The US certainly thought they were mainly fighting the Sioux, and the conventional view of historians is that the Sioux were central to the action. Without doubt, the Sioux had the greatest number of participants on the Indian side, but, according to Marquis, they thought they were merely coming to the aid of their allies the Cheyenne. Liberty points out that the Sioux would have had some justification in this belief; the number of Cheyenne villages destroyed far exceeded the number of Sioux villages, even though the Cheyenne were fewer in number. Liberty includes this idea within her overall concept of "Cheyenne Primacy" – that the Cheyennes were the most important group in the historical development of the Northern Plains. According to Liberty, the Marquis idea most likely to be disbelieved is his claim that the Northern Cheyennes held a conference with their bitter enemies, the Crows, in July 1875 to discuss territorial borders. However, Liberty thinks that even this idea is worthy of further consideration, and offers other evidence of a slow thaw in Cheyenne–Crow relations. Of the controversial ideas concerning the Cheyenne as a whole, Liberty concludes that, Selected works (with Thomas H. Leforge) Memoirs of a White Crow Indian, Century, 1928 ; University of Nebraska Press, 1974 (with Wooden Leg) A Warrior who Fought Custer, Midwest, 1931 ; University of Nebraska Press, 1962 and with a new introduction as Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer, 2003 Custer on the Little Bighorn, J. L. Hastings, 1967 (with William H. White) Custer, Cavalry & Crows, Old Army Press, 1975 Keep the Last Bullet for Yourself: The True Story of Custer's Last Stand, Reference Publications, 1976 ; Two Continents, 1976 The Cheyennes of Montana, Reference Publications, 1978 References Bibliography Crowell, Benedict; Wilson, Robert Forrest, The Road to France I. The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies 1917–1918, Yale University Press, 1921 . Day, Carl F., Tom Custer: Ride to Glory, University of Oklahoma Press, 2005 . Dippie, Brian W., "Review: A Northern Cheyenne Album: Photographs by Thomas B. Marquis", American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 138–140, 2007. Elliott, Michael A., Custerology: The Enduring Legacy of the Indian Wars and George Armstrong Custer, University of Chicago Press, 2008 . Fox, Everall, "Indian education for all: A tribal college perspective", The Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 208–212, November 2006. Fox, Richard A., Archaeology, History, and Custer's Last Battle: The Little Big Horn Reexamined, University of Oklahoma Press, 2003 . Ghent, W. J., "Custer's fight on the Little Big Horn River", The New York Times Book Review, May 24, 1931, p. BR7 (subscription required). Hardorff, Richard G., Cheyenne Memories of the Custer Fight, University of Nebraska Press, 1998 . Hatch, Thom, Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn: an Encyclopedia of the People, Places, Events, Indian Culture and Customs, Information Sources, Art and Films, McFarland & Co., 1997 . Leiker, James N.; Powers, Ramon, The Northern Cheyenne Exodus in History and Memory, University of Oklahoma Press, 2012 . Liberty, Margot, "Cheyenne primacy: the tribes' perspective as opposed to that of the United States Army", Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield, November 2006, retrieved and archived 10 October 2015. Liberty, Margot (ed); Marquis, Thomas B.; Woodenlegs, John, A Northern Cheyenne Album: Photographs of Thomas B. Marquis, University of Oklahoma Press, 2006, . Mader, Jerry, The Road to Lame Deer, University of Nebraska Press, 2002 . Mader, Jerry, "Book review: A Northern Cheyenne Album", Great Plains Quarterly, 1 October 2007 Marquis, Thomas B., The Cheyennes of Montana, Reference Publications, 1978, Marquis, Thomas B.; Wooden Leg, Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer, University of Nebraska Press, 2003 . Reece, Bob; Liberty, Margot, "interview: Dr. Margot Liberty", Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield, October 2006, retrieved and archived 11 November 2015. Scott, Douglas D., Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn, University of Oklahoma Press, 2000 . Stands In Timber, John; Liberty, Margot, Cheyenne Memories, Yale University Press, 1998 . Stewart, Edgar Irving, Custer's Luck, University of Oklahoma Press, 1955 . Swibold, Dennis L., Copper Chorus: Mining, Politics, and the Montana Press, 1889–1959, Montana Historical Society, 2006 . Weist, Thomas D., "Thomas B. Marquis", in Marquis, Thomas B., The Cheyennes of Montana, pp. 23–48, Reference Publications, 1978 . Wooden Leg, see "Marquis" Category:Historians of Native Americans Category:American military historians Category:20th-century American historians Category:Writers from Montana Category:Historians from Missouri Category:American biographers Category:American pamphlet writers Category:American magazine writers Category:19th-century American physicians Category:20th-century American physicians Category:American military doctors Category:Physicians from Montana Category:Typesetters Category:1869 births Category:1935 deaths Category:People from Osceola, Missouri Category:19th-century American short story writers Category:20th-century American short story writers Category:People from Hardin, Montana Category:People from Lodge Grass, Montana Category:People from Madison County, Montana Category:American ethnographers Category:Physicians from Missouri Category:University of Kansas School of Medicine alumni Category:American people of French descent Category:American people of English descent Category:Male biographers Category:United States Army Medical Corps officers Category:American printers

Cornwall Regional Airport

Cornwall Regional Airport is located east-northeast of the city of Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, across the St. Lawrence River from Massena, New York, United States. It has a single, paved runway oriented east–west. The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) on a call-out basis from the Three Nations Crossing. CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers. References External links Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory Cornwall Aviation Category:Registered aerodromes in Ontario Category:Buildings and structures in Cornwall, Ontario Category:Transport in Cornwall, Ontario

Nebraska Department of Correctional Services

The Nebraska Department of Correctional Services (NDCS) is the state corrections agency for the U.S. state of Nebraska. NDCS currently has 10 institutions confining over 4,000 inmates. All male inmates coming into the system enter through the Diagnostic and Evaluation Center where they are evaluated and assigned to other facilities. All female inmates are housed at the Nebraska Correctional Center for Women. The agency's headquarters is in Building #1 in the Lincoln Regional Center in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska is one of nine states nationwide having all adult facilities accredited through the American Correctional Association. Facilities Previously the department operated juvenile correctional facilities, including the Youth Rehabilitation & Treatment Center–Kearney (YRTC-K) in Kearney, a juvenile correctional facility for boys, and the Youth Rehabilitation & Treatment Center–Geneva (YRTC-G) in unincorporated Fillmore County, near Geneva, for girls. After 23 years of operation from the Department of Correctional Services; on January 1, 1997, the youth correctional facilities were transferred out of the scope of the department; the facilities are now managed by the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Fallen officers Since the establishment of the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services, 6 officers have died in the line of duty. Death penalty in Nebraska All executions in Nebraska since 1903 have taken place within the Nebraska State Penitentiary. Prior to 1903, executions were handled in the county where the offense took place. From 1903 to 1913, the means of execution was by hanging. From 1913 it had been by the electric chair until August 14, 2018, when Carey Dean Moore was executed by a lethal injection of fentanyl. A total of 8 inmates were executed by hanging and 15 inmates by means of the electric chair. There have been approximately 68 inmates housed on death row from 1903 to the present. Death row in Nebraska was housed at NSP from 1903 to 2002 when it was transferred to the Tecumseh State Correctional Institution. Executions still take place at the Penitentiary. Inmates who receive an execution date would be transferred to NSP approximately within a week of that date and would be housed in the penitentiary hospital on what is called the "death watch." While on the death watch, condemned inmates may have special visits from family, friends, religious representatives and attorneys. The visits are supervised by staff assigned to the death watch and take place in the suite of rooms set aside for the condemned inmates. Inmates may also request a special "last meal." Such meals must be prepared from food supplies on hand at the prison. See also List of United States state correction agencies List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies List of law enforcement agencies in Nebraska References External links NDCS main website Category:State corrections departments of the United States Category:State law enforcement agencies of Nebraska

Muğla

Muğla () is a city in south-western Turkey. Muğla is the center of the District of Menteşe and Muğla Province , which stretches along Turkey's Aegean coast. Muğla's center is situated inland at an altitude of 660 m and lies at a distance of about from the nearest seacoast in the Gulf of Gökova to its south-west. Muğla (ğMenteşe) district area neighbors the district areas of Milas, Yatağan and Kavaklıdere to its north by north-west and those of Ula and Köyceğiz, all of whom are dependent districts. Muğla is the administrative capital of a province that incorporates internationally well-known and popular tourist resorts such as Bodrum, Marmaris, Datça, Dalyan, Fethiye, Ölüdeniz and also the smaller resort of Sarigerme. The district area's physical features are determined by several pot-shaped high plains abbreviated by mountains, of which the largest is the one where the city of Muğla is located and which is called under the same name (Muğla Plain). It is surrounded by slopes denuded of soil, paved with calcerous formations and a scrub cover which gives the immediate vicinity of Muğla a barren look uncharacteristic for its region. Arable land is restricted to valley bottoms. A relatively small city of 74,371 (2019 census) and often overlooked by visitors to nearby coastal resorts, Muğla received a new boost with the foundation of Muğla University in the 1990s. Today, the university brings together a student community of several thousands and, added by its academia and staff, it played a key role in bringing movement to the city and in opening it to the outside world. Its former profile as a predominantly rural, difficult to access, isolated and underpopulated region enclosed by a rugged mountainous complex is now coming to an end. Also in recent years, a major program of restoration of the city's architectural heritage has enhanced local tourism. The city remains an orderly, compact and leafy provincial center, which kept its old neighborhoods without surrendering to a boom in concrete constructions, but displays a progressive mind as exemplified by the pride still expressed at having had Turkey's first female provincial governor in the 1990s, Ms. Lale Aytaman. Nevertheless, Muğla still lacks sizeable manufacturing and processing centers and relies on trade, crafts, services, tourism and agriculture in its economy. Therefore, tourism in Muğla is a great employment opportunity for the local community and fertile soils and suitable climate conditions also give an opportunity to harvest variety of products for people who deals with the agricultural sector. History In ancient times, Muğla was apparently a rather insignificant settlement halfway on the passage between the Carian cities of Idrias (later Stratonicea) to the north and Idyma (modern Akyaka) to the southwest on the coast. The indigenous name Mobolla, over time corrupted into "Mogolla" and then further into the modern "Muğla", appears for the first time in the beginning of the 2nd century BC at the time of its region's passage from what was apparently an eastern Carian federation linked with Taba (modern Tavas) and other cities to Rhodian domination. Mobolla was part of the Rhodian Peraea on a firm basis as of 167 BC until at least the 2nd century AD. The Rhodian territory started here and while region was subject to Rhodes, it was not incorporated in the Rhodian state. There are almost no ruins to reveal the history of the settlement of Mobolla. On the high hill to the north of the city, a few ancient remains indicate that it was the site of an acropolis. A handful of inscriptions were unearthed within the city itself and they date back to the 2nd century BCE. Turkish-era Muğla also remained a minor site in the beginning despite having been captured relatively early for western Anatolia in the course of the 13th century. The local ruling dynasty of Menteşe had their capital in Milas. Muğla acquired regional importance after it replaced Milas as the seat of the subprovince (sanjak) under the Ottoman Empire in 1420. The sanjak kept the name Menteşe until the Republican Era, when it was renamed Muğla after its seat of government. In 2018, archaeological ruins and mosaics discovered in the city have been confirmed to belong to the villa of the Greek fisherman Phainos who lived in the 2nd century AD. Phainos was the richest and the most famous fisherman of his time. In 2018, archaeologists unearthed a 2,300-year-old rock sepulchre of an ancient Greek boxer called Diagoras of Rhodes on a hill in the Turgut village, Muğla province, Marmaris. This unusual pyramid tomb was considered to belong to a holy person by the local people. The shrine, used as a pilgrimage by locals until the 1970s, also has the potential to be the only pyramid grave in Turkey. Excavation team also discovered an inscription with these words: “I will be vigilant at the very top so as to ensure that no coward can come and destroy this grave. Climate Muğla has a Mediterranean Climate. It is characterised by long, hot and dry summers with cool and wet winters. Places of interest Although it is close to major resorts, Muğla has only recently begun to attract visitors. Sights of interest in the city include: Great Mosque of Muğla (Ulu Cami) – large mosque built in 1344 by the Beys of Menteşe Konakaltı Han and Yağcılar Han – restored 18th century caravanserais, the first used as an art gallery and facing Muğla Museum, and the second used for more commercial purposes Kurşunlu Cami – large mosque built in 1495 Muğla City Museum has a good collection of archaeological and ethnographical artefacts, as well as 9 million years old animal and plant fossiles recently discovered in Kaklıcatepe nearby the Ottoman Empire-era bazaar (Arasta) – marked by a clock tower built by a Greek craftsman named Filivari Usta in 1895 Vakıflar Hamam – a still operating Turkish bath which dates back to 1258 The old quarter of Muğla – on the slopes and around Saburhane Square (Meydanı), consisting of about four hundred registered old houses dating from the 18th and 19th centuries, many of which are restored. These houses are mainly in the Turkish/Ottoman style, characterized by hayat ("courtyard") sections accessed through double-shuttered doors called kuzulu kapı ("lamb doors") and dotted with chimneys typical of Muğla. But there are also a number of "Greek" houses. The differences between the two types of houses may have as much to do with the extent to which wood or stone were used in their architecture, and whether they were arranged in introverted or extraverted styles, as with who inhabited them previously. Local students tend to hang out in open air cafés along the İzmir highway or in the caravanserai or in Sanat Evi ("Art House"), an Ottoman style residence that has been turned into a café/art gallery exhibiting principally wood carvings. Politics Muğla's political color has traditionally been center-left. In Turkey's 2004 local elections, Dr. Osman Gürün (CHP) was re-elected, increasing his votes to 43.28%, aided in this by the abrupt virtual collapse of the other center-left party the DSP. The 2004 elections were the seventh successive victory for the center-left candidates in the Muğla municipality. Turkey's incumbent AKP and the traditional center-right DYP have each obtained (24,5–24.75%). In 2009 communal elections, MHP made a significant leap in votes and reached %24,2 of casts. CHP had collected almost half of the votes at %46. Sports The local football club, Muğlaspor currently apply their trade in the third tier of the Turkish football pyramid. Notable people from Muğla Şahidi İbrahim Dede – 15th–16th century Sufi poet Nail Çakırhan – 20th-century poet and architect Zihni Derin – 20th century agronomist and agriculturalist who pioneered tea production in Turkey Due to the particularity of its location, commanding a large part of Anatolia's southwestern coast and a number of busy district centers, Muğla is also notable by the large number of people who, short of being natives in the strict sense, had associations of one sort or another with the city, including among its small Greek minority until the 1923 Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Among these can be cited; Arms trading tycoon Basil Zaharoff, whose family were actually Greeks of the Ottomnan capital but who was born in Muğla in 1849 The French actress of Greek descent Anna Mouglalis, as attested by her name, can trace her roots to the city Mining and poultry magnate Yavuz Sıtkı Koçman (d. 2002) who contributed an important part of his fortune to building the university in the 1990s See also Caria Menteşe (district) Menteşe (beylik) (Anatolian beyliks) Muğla University Mesut of Menteşe Sources Footnotes External links Muğla Municipality Several hundreds of pictures Mugla Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey Category:Caria Category:Cities in Turkey Category:Districts of Muğla Province Category:Populated places in Muğla Province

Costa Rica national football team

The Costa Rica national football team () represents Costa Rica in men's international football. The national team is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation (FEDEFUTBOL), the governing body for football in Costa Rica. It has been a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) since 1927, the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) since 1961, and a member of the Central American Football Union (UNCAF) since 1990. Costa Rica is the most successful national football team in history from the region of Central America. Winning three CONCACAF Championships (1963, 1969, 1989) and leading the Copa Centroamericana tournament with three championships up until 2017, when it was absorbed into the CONCACAF Nations League. Costa Rica is the only national team in Central America to have played in five FIFA World Cup editions. Costa Rica's national football team has the all-time highest average Football Elo Ranking in Central America with 1597.1, and the all-time highest Football Elo Ranking in Central America, with 1806 in 2014. Since the late 1980s, the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side, with a prominent performance in the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, making it to the knockout stage in their debut after finishing second in their group during the first phase, below Brazil. They also managed to qualify for the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. In 2014, Costa Rica achieved their best performance in history by finishing first in their group that consisted of three former World Cup champions: Uruguay, Italy, and England. During the round 16 they defeated Greece 5–3 via a penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw. Moreover, during their match against the Greek team, Keylor Navas saved more than 15 shots. They reached the quarter-finals for the very first time but were defeated by the Netherlands, also in a penalty shootout (3–4) after a scoreless draw on 5 July. Their 2018 World Cup campaign ended in a fourth place group stage exit, with their only point coming from a 2–2 draw against Switzerland. History Costa Rica has a long-standing football culture and tradition. The national team made its debut in the Independence Centenary Games held in Guatemala City in September 1921, winning their first game 7–0 against El Salvador. In the final, Costa Rica defeated 6–0 Guatemala to claim the trophy. The soccer team of Costa Rica has been characterized above all by its regularity over the years. Well remembered is the selection of this country formed in the late 1940s acquiring the nickname of "The Gold Shorties". Throughout the '50s and '60s, they were very much the second strongest team in the CONCACAF zone behind Mexico, finishing runners-up in World Cup qualifying in the 1958, 1962 and 1966 qualifiers. Stars of the side during this period were Ruben Jimenez, Errol Daniels, Leonel Hernandez and Edgar Marin. However, at the end of the '60s their fortunes would decline as other teams in the region such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Haiti, Trinidad & Tobago and Canada came to the fore. Although the majority of these participants have been short on points in their World Cup performances. During the 1970s and most of the 1980s, the Costa Rican team went unnoticed, and was absent from World Cups. Costa Rica failed to make the final round of CONCACAF World Cup qualifying rounds until the 1986 qualifier. Currently its historical topscorer is Rolando Fonseca with 47 goals. 1980s Costa Rica participated in 2 straight Summer Olympic Games, in Moscow 1980 and in Los Angeles 1984. In 1980, Costa Rica competed against Yugoslavia, Finland and Iraq, in Group D, losing all 3 games 2–3, 0–3 and 0–3 respectively. Los Angeles saw Costa Rica's first win in a worldwide international participation. Again in Group D, the Ticos played against The United States, Egypt and Italy. The game against The US ended in a loss, 0–3. The second game did not see much improvement, 1–4 against Egypt. But in the last game, against an Italian squad that included Walter Zenga, Pietro Vierchowod, Franco Baresi and Aldo Serena, Costa Rica prevailed 1–0, when midfielder Enrique Rivers scored a goal. Qualifying to Italy 1990 After a great campaign during the CONCACAF Championship in 1989, Costa Rica won its first ticket to the finals of a World Cup where they made an outstanding performance by beating Scotland and Sweden in the first round. Before these two achievements came to happen, the team had to suffer a hard process to qualify. In order to advance to the qualifying group stage, two games against the Panama national football team had to be won. Costa Rica suffered against the Panamanians in the first game at the Alejandro Morera Soto Stadium in Alajuela, which ended up taking a local one to one tie (1-1). The second game took place at the Revolution (renamed Rommel Fernández) Stadium, where Costa Rica won two to zero (2-0) with goals by midfielder Juan Arnoldo Cayasso and forward Hernán Medford; this results meant that Costa Rica was part of the 1990 World Cup qualifying group stage. Costa Rica started the group stage with a defeat in Guatemala by 1 to 0. Costa Rica won against Guatemala two to zero (2–1) as locals in the game back home, Róger Flores and Evaristo Coronado scored for the team. In the next game, Costa Rica then managed to defeat the U.S. as local one to zero (1–0); Gilberto Rodden scored for the team. but Costa Rica found defeat in the next game against the U.S. one to zero (1–0) at St. Louis – Missouri. The following game took placed at Trinidad and Tobago against their national football team which ended in a tie 1 to 1, with a goal scored by was forward Evaristo Coronado. Costa Rica also won the game back home against Trinidad and Tobago with a goal by Juan Arnoldo Cayasso. A substantial away win was next for the Ticos in El Salvador at the Cuscatlán by 2–4, with goals from Carlos Mario Hidalgo, Juan Arnoldo Cayasso and a double from Leonidas Flores. Finally, in the last game, a victory over El Salvador in San Jose by 1 goal to 0 signified a trip to the 1990 Fifa World Cup. Pastor Fernandez scored the lone goal. Costa Rica finished first with 11 points in the pentagonal and the United States in second also with 11 points in 8 games respectably both qualifying, but Costa Rica first on goal difference. Mexico was disqualified from this qualifier because of youth player age tampering. In the World Cup finals, Costa Rica was second in their group behind Brazil, but lost in the round of 16 to Czechoslovakia. 1990s and early 2000s After its brilliant performance in the Italian summer, the national team failed to qualify for World Cup USA 1994 and France 1998 due to lack of planning and poor results. It was an important and historical moment when, in 1997 Costa Rica was invited for the first time to the Copa América held in Bolivia, Costa Rica also played memorable friendlies including a 5–4 defeat against Uruguay in Estadio Centenario. 2001 Copa América Korea / Japan 2002 World Cup Qualifiers and Tournament After the failures in qualifying for the World Cup 1994 and World Cup 1998, the Ticos won the qualification for the World Cup in 2002 held in South Korea and Japan. This included victories against favorites Mexico and the United States. During the World Cup the results were mixed, losing to Brazil (tournament champion) 5–2 (only team to score 2 goals against Brazil at this World Cup), tying with Turkey (third in the championship) 1–1 and beating China 2–0. Costa Rica finished in third place in their group, behind Turkey on goal difference. The match against Brazil is remembered as one of the most exciting matches of the tournament. During the qualifiers, though, Costa Rica started with many ups and downs, first in command of Brazilian coach Gilson Nunes Sequeira and then with another fellow Brazilian naturalized to Costa Rican Alexandre Guimarães. The first group stage began with an unexpected defeat to Barbados 1–2. After this humiliating loss, Costa Rica proceeded to beat the United States at the Ricardo Saprissa Stadium 2–1, with goals from Rolando Fonseca and Hernán Medford. Then they beat Guatemala in the Morera Soto Alajuela by 2–1, with two goals from Paulo Wanchope and defeated Barbados at the Ricardo Saprissa 3–0, with goals from Juan Soto, Ronaldo Fonseca and Hernan Medford. After this good run, Costa Rica's level decreased and took a scoreless match against the United States, then lost to Guatemala in Mazatenango 2–1. This result forced a playoff against Guatemala in Miami, Florida. The match was won 5–2 by Costa Rica with two goals from Ronaldo, Fonseca, one from Paulo Wanchope, one from Reynaldo Parks and Jafeth Soto. Costa Rica displayed a fine offensive form with a rather solid front line, thanks to their new coach, Alexandre Guimaraes. This display of football evidenced itself during the final hexagonal round, although it began with a draw against Honduras at the Ricardo Saprissa 2–2, with goals from Rolando Fonseca and Rodrigo Cordero. Then Costa Rica defeated Trinidad and Tobago 3–0 at the Morera Soto. Their only loss in this final round came thanks to the U.S., who defeated Costa Rica 1–0. Afterwards, Costa Rica bounced back with a huge win against Mexico in Mexico city 1–2, which is usually referred as the Aztecazo, with goals from Rolando Fonseca and Hernan Medford. Morale was high after this game, and Costa Rica beat Jamaica 2–1 in Alajuela. Again, Costa Rica came away with an away win over Honduras in Tegucigalpa 2–3, goals scored by Paulo Wanchope, Rolando Fonseca and Mauricio Solis. A crucial away win in Port of Spain against Trinidad and Tobago 2–0, with two goals from Rónald Gómez, meant Costa Rica was just 3 points away from qualification to the World Cup. Costa Rica sealed their qualification to Korea/Japan in an emotional match against the U.S. by beating them 2–0 in the Saprissa, with a double from Rolando Fonseca. The final 2 games were uneventful, as Costa Rica managed a goalless tie with Mexico at the Ricardo Saprissa and defeated already-eliminated Jamaica 0–1, using subs and reserves. Costa Rica finished first in that hexagonal round with 23 points in 10 games. Costa Rica were put in Pot D for the World Cup and were put into Group C with Brazil, China PR, and Turkey. Their campaign started in Gwangju, where the Ticos took down China 0–2. In their second game versus Turkey in Incheon, Costa Rica was losing late in the 2nd half 0–1, only to be saved by a late 86th-minute goal by Winston Parks to end it in a 1–1 draw. In the final group game versus Brazil, Costa Rica fought a 0–3 deficit to go 2–3 early in the 2nd half, only to be shut down by 2 goals in 3 minutes to lose 2–5. As a result, thanks to this loss against Brazil and Turkey's 3–0 victory over China, caused both Costa Rica and Turkey tied with 4 points, but Turkey advanced on the Goal Difference with a +2 goal difference over Costa Rica's −1 goal difference, eliminating the Ticos from the World Cup. Germany 2006 World Cup Qualifiers In 2006, Costa Rica had an uneven season but managed to make the qualification to the World Cup. On 9 June 2006, Costa Rica made its debut in the opening match in Munich against the host German squad, losing the match 4–2. However, the bad performance in that game did not translate over to the other games, where they fell 0–3 against Ecuador, and 1–2 against Poland. This time they also started the journey with ups and downs. First in command U.S. coach Steve Sampson, who was separated after qualifying with doubts over Cuba in the preliminary phase, Both these games results were ties. First in Havana 2–2, with goals Douglas Sequeira and Álvaro Saborío, and then in the second game at the Morera Soto in Alajuela 1–1. Costa Rica advanced to the away goals. The Colombian Jorge Luis Pinto took over in the group stage. He began with an unheard of 2–5 defeat against Honduras in Costa Rica. Then they visited Guatemala and lost 1–2. Bounced back against Canada at the Saprissa 1–0, with a goal from Paulo Wanchope. Then a resounding triumph over Guatemala in Tibas 5 to 0, a hat-trick from Paulo Wanchope, single goals from Carlos Hernández and Rolando Fonseca resounding. Vancouver, Canada meant a decent 1–3 win, with goals from Paulo Wanchope, William Sunsing and Carlos Hernández. They pulled a goalless draw against Honduras in San Pedro Sula. Costa Rica advanced to the hexagonal winning their group. In the final round they started with a defeat at the Saprissa against Mexico by 1–2. Paulo Wanchope's goal was not enough. They beat Panama in the Saprissa by 2–1, with goals from Wayne Wilson and Roy Myrie. In Port of Spain tied Trinidad and Tobago in a disappointing scoreless draw. This result marked Pinto's dismissal and the arrival of Alexandre Guimarães. He and the team lost the visit to the United States by 3–0. Guatemala was beaten at the Saprissa 3–2, with goals from Carlos Hernández, Ronald Gomez and Paulo Wanchope. Then lost in Mexico by 2–0. The ticos sank Panama in an away match at the Rommel Fernández 1–3, with goals from Álvaro Saborío, Ronald Gomez and Walter Centeno. Then beat Trinidad and Tobago at the Saprissa by 2–0 with goals from Walter Centeno and Álvaro Saborío. Decisively beating the United States in the Saprissa by 3–0 equaled clinching the selections third World Cup birth. The first Goal was scored by Paulo Wanchope plus a Double from Carlos Hernández. With the ticket to Germany assured then traveled to Guatemala for a 3–1 loss. Roy Myrie scored their only goal. Costa Rica finished third behind the United States and Mexico in the standings. South Africa 2010 World Cup Qualifiers A very strange start for the Ticos. They faced Grenada in the second phase, drew the first leg 2–2, and then won the return by 3–0. In the third phase, forming the Group 3, won all six games played against the teams of El Salvador (1–0 and 3–1), Haiti (3–1 and 2–0) and Suriname (7–0 and 4 -1) in both outward and return. Skipping ahead towards the end of the final phase with Costa Rica achieving 12 points and Honduras 13 points. This meant a dramatic fight for the final spot to qualify for the South African World Cup. Costa Rica had to win their last two games and hope that the selection of Honduras lost. In the first instance they did well. Honduras lost at home 2–7 to the United States. Costa Rica on the other had won 4–0 against Trinidad and Tobago and overtook Honduras in the standings. Honduras closed their matches in El Salvador. However, Costa Rica still needed to give a good showing at the final match in the United States. This was achieved in-part. All went well for the Ticos winning 2–0 at halftime in Washington, D.C.. In the second half the United States scored at the 71st and 95th minutes and the Ticos only finished with a tie. Honduras's, 1–0 victory over El Salvador was devastating. Both Costa Rica and Honduras finished the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification CONCACAF Fourth Round with 16 points. Honduras slipped into the 2010 FIFA World Cup on goal difference. The Costa Ricans finished fourth in the Concacaf final qualifying round and were sent to a playoff with the fifth seated CONMEBOL team. In the playoff, Costa Rica faced Uruguay. In the first leg in San Jose. The Ticos lost 0–1, the Costa Rians finished the match with ten men on the pitch because Randall Azofeifa was sent off at the 52' with his second yellow card. Goal scored by defender Diego Lugano sky. The second leg, played at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo. The goals were scored by Sebastián Abreu at the 70' and Walter Centeno 74' and finished in a 1–1 tie. Costa Rica was not able to take advantage of a slight extension of the game or "extra time". Uruguay won 2–1 on aggregate. CONCACAF 4th place v CONMEBOL 5th place The fourth-place team in the CONCACAF qualifying fourth round (Costa Rica) played off against the fifth-place team in the CONMEBOL qualifying group (Uruguay). Uruguay won the play-off and qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup on 18 November 2009. |} 2010 to present After failing to qualify for 2010 World Cup in South Africa, the team needed to initiate a new era, based on the combined generational shift with young but experienced talent such as James Douglas McDonald, Keylor Navas, Cristian Bolaños, Randall Azofeifa, Michael Barrantes and of course the very young and upcoming star Joel Campbell. Rónald González was interim contract before hiring in September 2010 of Ricardo La Volpe, whose job lasted only 10 months to be replaced by the Colombian coach Jorge Luis Pinto, in his second chance in front of the national team, with the goal of qualifying for the 2014 World Cup. This era has been characterized by friendlies against the top ranked teams in the world, including world champion Spain, most of them through the construction of the new national stadium. Brazil 2014 World Cup Qualifying and Tournament The Ticos' campaign to qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup began in June with a 0–2 loss against El Salvador. The Ticos followed this up with a 4–0 win over Guyana with a hat trick by Álvaro Saborío. In September, Costa Rica hit a bump in the road with 2–0 and 1–0 defeats to rivals Mexico, putting the Ticos one defeat away of being eliminated. On 12 October, Costa Rica resurrected their campaign with a 1–0 win against El Salvador with the only goal scored by Jose Miguel Cubero. On 16 October, they finally clinched a final round berth with a 7–0 win over Guyana with goals scored by Randall Brenes, Álvaro Saborío, Cristian Bolaños, Celso Borges and Cristian Gamboa. The fourth round began with a 2–2 draw against Panama. In March, Costa Rica lost 1–0 against the United States in Denver, Colorado. The Costa Rican Football Federation appealed the match due to inclement weather in Denver, but FIFA rejected the appeal as being without basis. Despite feeling aggrieved by the meteorological conditions, Costa Rica would again fall to the US 1–0 in the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup that June. On 26 March, Costa Rica won at home 2–0 against Jamaica. In June, Costa Rica won 1–0 against Honduras, tied 0–0 at the Estadio Azteca against Mexico and won at home 2–0 against Panama. In September, Costa Rica won 3–1 against the United States in Estadio Nacional in San José. On 10 September Costa Rica tied with Jamaica. Goals were scored by Randall Brenes at the 73rd minute and by Jermain Anderson at the 90th minute. Despite losing its lead, Costa Rica qualified to the 2014 FIFA World Cup, with two games to spare. After a 1–0 loss at Honduras and 2–1 win over Mexico in October, Costa Rica finished second in the final CONCACAF qualifying round table behind the United States, with five home wins, three draws and two losses. In December 2013, Costa Rica was drawn in Group D against Italy, England, and Uruguay. Costa Rica were widely perceived as minnows who had no hope in a group against three former World Cup champion nations. They were given extremely unlikely odds of 2500 to 1 to win the tournament. Amazingly, they ended up topping the group with two wins against Uruguay and Italy and a 0–0 draw with England. In the round of 16 they beat Greece 5–3 on penalties after a 1–1 draw, seeing them through to the quarterfinals for the first time ever. At the quarterfinals, the Costa Ricans fought the Netherlands to a 0–0 draw after extra time; the game then went to penalties in which Costa Rica lost 4–3 to the Netherlands. After the tournament, Costa Rica rose 12 places in the FIFA World Rankings, reaching 16th place. In an interview by former Federation member Farabundo Fidel Calderón cited their long journey, started in 2007, as the reason of their achievement. Russia 2018 World Cup Qualifying and Tournament The Ticos' qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup started with a bye to the fourth round, where they won five games and drew one, letting them advance to the fifth round. There, they finished second behind Mexico. They won four matches, drew another four and lost two. In December 2017, Costa Rica was drawn in Group E against Brazil, Switzerland and Serbia. The team expected to repeat their surprise performance in 2014, due to the fact that many of the key players from the 2014 tournament were set to return. However, 2018 was to result in a disappointing exit at the group stage. Costa Rica lost both of their first two games, failing to score a single goal until a 2-2 draw with Switzerland. Competitive record * Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. FIFA World Cup * Uruguay beat Costa Rica 2–1 in the 2010 CONCACAF vs CONMEBOL play-off. CONCACAF Gold Cup Copa América * Ecuador 1993 was the first time nations from outside CONMEBOL were invited. Copa Centroamericana CCCF Championship Olympic Games Pan American Games Panamerican Championship Honours FIFA World Cup Best Performance: Quarter-finals, 2014 CONCACAF Championship / CONCACAF Gold Cup Winners: 1963, 1969, 1989 Runners-up: 2002 Third place: 1965, 1971, 1985, 1993 Semi-finals: 2009, 2017 UNCAF Nations Cup/Copa Centroamericana Winners: 1991, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2014 CCCF Championship Winners: 1941, 1946, 1948, 1953, 1955, 1960, 1961 Results and fixtures 2019 2020 Players Current squad The following players were named for the friendly match against United States on 1 February 2020. Caps and goals as of 1 February 2020 after the game against United States. Recent call-ups The following players have been called up within the last twelve months. INJ Withdraw due to injury. PRE Preliminary squad. WD Withdrew for personal reasons. Previous squads FIFA World Cup 1990 FIFA World Cup squad 2002 FIFA World Cup squad 2006 FIFA World Cup squad 2014 FIFA World Cup squad 2018 FIFA World Cup squad CONCACAF Gold Cup 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad Copa América 1997 Copa América squad 2001 Copa América squad 2004 Copa América squad 2011 Copa América squad Copa América Centenario squad Records Bold indicates active players. Managers Coaching staff Record versus other nations As of 2011-03-25 Facts Costa Rica was the first (and so far the only) Central American football team to win a game at a World Cup tournament. Costa Rica finished in first place in the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualification and 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification with the best punctuation in the history of the Hexagonal (23 pts). Costa Rica is one of two (Cuba in 1938) Central American or Caribbean squad ever to advance to the Quarter Finals of the FIFA World Cup. Kit history Costa Rica wears traditionally a red jersey with blue shorts and white socks. Its away kit historically was a Juventus-style Black and White Striped Jersey with white shorts and white socks, due to these colors being the ones of CS La Libertad, one of the oldest clubs in Costa Rica. However, after 1997, the striped kit was replaced by a white kit with blue shorts. Starting in 2015, Boston based sportswear company New Balance will be the kit provider of the national team, taking over for Italian company Lotto. Kit Suppliers See also Costa Rica national under-23 football team Costa Rica national under-20 football team Costa Rica national under-17 football team Costa Rica at the FIFA World Cup References External links FEDEFUTBOL.com - Website of the Costa Rican Football Federation Costa Rica FIFA profile 1921 to 2009 Costa Rica match results by Marcos Romero at RSSSF Category:Central American national association football teams

Kulice Małe

Kulice Małe is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south of Pelplin, south of Tczew, and south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. The settlement has a population of 153. References Category:Villages in Tczew County

Hande Fırat

Hande Fırat (born 10 September 1974) is a Turkish correspondent. Early life Hande Fırat was born on 10 September 1974 in Ankara. She completed her secondary education at Ankara Tevfik Fikret High School and her university education at Ankara University, Radio and Television Department. Career Fırat began her career in television with internships during her university years. She then worked at Kanal D, NTV and BRT. In November 1999, she started to work as one of the main correspondents for CNN Türk. In 2011, she became CNN Türk's main representative, and in 2014 she acquired the same position for Kanal D in Ankara. During the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, Fırat talked on live broadcast with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan through FaceTime on CNN Türk. This broadcast, which changed the course of the coup when Erdoğan called the people to go to the street, was seen as a success for Fırat. In the same year, she won the "Media Event of the Year" award at the 43rd Golden Butterfly Awards. Personal life Fırat knows English and French. In 2005, she gave birth to daughter whom she named Nehir. On 5 December 2017, she married businessman Murat Özvardar. Awards 2016: Golden Butterfly Award – "Media Event of the Year" 2017: Radio and Television Journalists Association (RTGD) Award – "July 15 Martyrs and Democracy Award" Books References Category:1974 births Category:Ankara University alumni Category:Living people Category:Turkish women journalists Category:Turkish television news anchors Category:Golden Butterfly Award winners

Tom Thrash

Thomas Atkinson Thrash was an American college football player. In 1917, during the First World War, he played on the Camp Gordon team. University of Georgia Thrash was a prominent tackle for the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia, twice selected All-Southern. He scored a touchdown in the 7 to 6 upset victory over Sewanee in 1914. Sewanee had not lost at home since 1893. Thrash was captain of the 1916 team. References Category:Georgia Bulldogs football players Category:All-Southern college football players Category:American football tackles Category:Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:People from Meriwether County, Georgia

The Famine

The Famine was an American extreme metal band, formed in Arlington, Texas in 2007. The band was signed to Solid State Records. History Formation and three-song EP The band initially formed with three of the original members of Embodyment in former lead vocalist Kris McCaddon, drummer Mark Garza and guitarist Andrew Godwin. While McCaddon previously played guitar in Demon Hunter he, along with Nick Nowell, also played guitar in Society's Finest. During the fall of 2006 the band recorded 3 songs that would later become a self-released EP. The Raven and the Reaping The Famine's first album The Raven and the Reaping was recorded in November and December 2007 with Andreas Magnusson (The Black Dahlia Murder, The Agony Scene) and released in May 2008. The Famine performed on the Stronger Than Hell tour with Demon Hunter and Living Sacrifice in the summer of 2008. They toured with Rose Funeral and The World We Knew during October 2008 and with The Devil Wears Prada, Saosin, and Underoath in November 2008. During this time they were also picked up for management by Anthony "Yogi" Allgood of Outerloop management (Emery, Darkest Hour) based out of the Washington, DC area. The Famine's video for the song "Consume, Devour, Repeat" premiered virally on MTV's Headbangers Blog on Thursday, November 6 and was subsequently televised on MTV2's Headbangers Ball on Saturday, November 8. The Architects of Guilt and departure of Kris McCaddon The band announced the departure of vocalist Kris McCaddon via MySpace on January 9, 2010. Bassist Nick Nowell took over vocals, and bass duties were quickly filled by new addition Jon Richardson as announced on the 15th. The band's studio burned down in February 2010. It contained all of their equipment and tracking for their new album. Only one song from these sessions, "We Are The Wolves", made it on to the new album. Solid State rented out a house for The Famine to record in. The band stated that if the label had not done this it would have taken a much longer time for the album to be recorded. "The Architects of Guilt" was released February 15, 2011 through Solid State Records. A video for the song "Ad Mortem" was released soon after the album was released. Disbanding On April 12, 2011, Nick Nowell announced via a Facebook post that The Famine had disbanded. The announcement read as follows: Before disbanding, The Famine recorded a cover of Pantera's "Domination" off of the album, Cowboys from Hell, without Godwin, with Tooley taking over. The Famine performed their last concert on August 12, 2011 at Tomcats West in Fort Worth, Texas. Andrew Godwin, Nick Nowell, and Jon Richardson were the only active members from "The Architects of Guilt" performing at the show. Touring Guitarist Jon Tooley, which they had made a member and fill-in drummer Brad Fincher (Devourment) were also there to perform the show. Christianity Despite being on the predominantly Christian Solid State label, as well as sharing members with the openly Christian band Embodyment, The Famine expressed much reluctance to be associated with the Christian market throughout their tenure. In 2008, McCaddon told Indie Vision Music, when asked about the relation of the band's faith to their music, "You can call us whatever you want. We are a metal band and wouldn’t label ourselves anything but and honestly don’t care what people label us. Our faith isn’t forced into our music, nor is it an obligation. It is embedded in the fabric and is who we are." In his review of The Architects of Guilt, Scott Alisoglu of Blabbermouth.net directly identified the band as "[playing] Christian death metal" on the album, and made several further references to the band's faith throughout the review. Nowell took issue with this in a March 2011 note on the band's official Facebook page, in which he stated that "The Famine is not, and has never been a Christian band. Furthermore, I am an Atheist...The Famine isn’t a religious institution, in theory or in practice. We are a death metal band, plain and simple." Despite this, as of May 2012, Alisoglu has yet to recant the categorization. The Christian music site Jesus Freak Hideout reviewed both of the band's albums, though staff member Michael Weaver noted that The Architects of Guilt had not been released to the Christian market, and that the site was covering it because "they are a Solid State band that expresses their faith in their music." Members Final line-up Brad Fincher - drums (2011) (Devourment) Andrew Godwin - guitar (2006–2011) (Embodyment, Chase Pagan, Pyrithion, Hope Deferred) Nick Nowell - bass (2008–2010), lead vocals (2010–2011) (Society's Finest, The Monarch, Thorn vs. Side, Sunrise Cemetery) Jonny "Christmas" Richardson - bass (2010–2011) (Saboteur, The Monarch) Jon Tooley - touring guitar (2010-2011) (Bear Witness, Hope Deferred) Former members Kris McCaddon - lead vocals (2006–2010) (Embodyment, Demon Hunter, Society's Finest) Mark Garza - drums (2006–2011) (Embodyment, Lhoist, formerly of Bleeding Through, Constant Seas) Timeline Discography The Famine (Independent, 2007) The Raven and the Reaping (Solid State, 2008) The Architects of Guilt (Solid State, 2011) Videos "Consume, Devour, Repeat" - 2008 "Ad Mortem" - 2011 "Domination" (Pantera cover) - 2011 References External links Myspace Purevolume Solid State Records [ All Music] Last.fm Category:Solid State Records artists Category:Musical groups established in 2007 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2011

Amos Hadar

Amos Hadar ( 7 September 1923 – 13 January 2014) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1974 and 1981. Biography Born Amos Horowitz in Nahalal during the Mandate era, Hadar was a cousin of Moshe Dayan. During his youth he was a member of the HaNoar HaOved youth movement. He joined the British Army and fought in World War II, and served as a platoon commander during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, during which he was involved in battles in the Jordan Valley and Mishmar HaEmek. He became secretary of the Nahalal moshav, and also volunteered for the Bnei HaMoshavim movement in the Negev during the 1960s. In 1964, he became secretary of the Economic Committee of the Moshavim Movement, and the following year joined the new Rafi party. His brother Yigal was also involved in politics, and became a Knesset member in 1969 and later served as a minister. In 1973 Amos was on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party, which Rafi had merged into in 1968, and Mapam) for the elections that year, but failed to win a seat. However, he entered the Knesset on 8 April the following year as a replacement for Uzi Feinerman. He was re-elected in 1977, but lost his seat in the 1981 elections. Between 1982 and 1985, he served as secretary general of the Moshavim Movement. He died in 2014 at the age of 90, and was buried in Nahalal. References External links Category:1923 births Category:2014 deaths Category:People from Nahalal Category:Jews in Mandatory Palestine Category:British Army personnel of World War II Category:Israeli soldiers Category:Alignment (political party) politicians Category:Rafi (political party) politicians Category:Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–1977) Category:Members of the 9th Knesset (1977–1981)

Vidice

Vidice may refer to: Vidice (Domažlice District), a village in the Czech Republic Vidice (Kutná Hora District), a village in the Czech Republic

Mica Argañaraz

Mica Argañaraz (born 16 May 1992) is an Argentine fashion model and artist. She is best known for being a Prada muse and has been referred to as an it girl and "fashion force to be reckoned with." She is currently ranked as an Industry Icon by models.com. Career Argañaraz started her career in 2012, walking for Christopher Kane and appearing in the Spanish and Italian editions of Glamour and Elle respectively. She has been on the cover of British Vogue, Vogue Italia, Vogue Brasil, Vogue Japan, Vogue China, Vogue Paris, Vogue Germany and Vogue Russia. In advertising campaigns, she has modeled for Michael Kors, Versace, Louis Vuitton, Tom Ford, Calvin Klein, Yves Saint Laurent, Chanel, Mango, Alexander McQueen, H&M, and Givenchy. On the runway, she has walked for designers including Lacoste, Michael Kors, Valentino, Fendi, Alexander Wang, Dries Van Noten, Altuzarra, Jason Wu, Stella McCartney, Hugo Boss, Tom Ford, Chanel, Dior and Louis Vuitton. In April 2018, Argañaraz graced the inaugural cover of L'Officiel in her native Argentina. Personal life Argañaraz is a painter, plays the guitar, and practices meditation. References Category:Argentine female models Category:People from Buenos Aires Category:Vogue (magazine) people Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Hispanic and Latino American female models

Municipalities of Puducherry

The municipalities of Puducherry include five administrative municipalities in the Union Territory of Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry), India. The territory had French system of municipal administration from 1880 through 1968, when it was reformed. Area and population Area of Pondicherry Municipality is 19.46 km2 and its population is 2,20,750. Early years The French Metropolitan Decree dated 12 March 1880 adopted a six-year term of office for mayors, municipal councillors and commune panchayats. From then all the civil records were maintained perfectly in Puducherry Union Territory. In the past, municipal administration was virtually the pivot of the whole administrative machinery in Puducherry. It had several features that could serve as a role model for hassle-free administration. Puducherry had four municipalities in the past namely, Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. Actually, it was the municipal elections that decided cession of the old colonies of French to India. Past communes French Metropolitan Decree (12 March 1880) divided the entire region into 8 communes. Each commune was provided with a conseil municipal (municipal council) consisting of a mayor, deputy mayors and councillors, for the administration of its affairs. Pondichéry had 18 sièges while other 7 communes had 12 sièges each, thus making Pondichéry settlement a total of 102 sièges. Pondicherry Mudaliarpettai Ozukarai Ariyankuppam Villianur Mannadipet Bahour Nettapakkam La Mairie De Pondichéry (Hotel de Ville) There was magnificent and elegant 19th-century municipality building situated close to the sea on beach road in Pondicherry. Now the office is located on Rue Dumas. Le Dupleix is in a villa built in the 18th century as the residence of the mayor of Pondicherry. It is a 14-roomed luxury heritage hotel now. Election results of 1948 In June 1948 the French and Indian Governments came to an agreement as to how the future of the French settlements should be determined. Municipal elections were held in Pondicherry, Karaikal and Yanam on 24 October 1948. The two main parties were the French India Socialist Party (Socialists), who favoured the continuance of French rule, and the Indian National Congress Party, who favoured union with India. Total seats-102 Socialists-83 Congress-13 Independents-09 Past mayors Léon Guerre (1880, First Mayor of Pondicherry) Jean Henri Frederic Gaebelé (b. 1860-d.1936), Mayor of Pondicherry (1899 and 1908–1928). H.M.Cassime (H.Mouhamad Cassime, past mayor and president of Chambre de Commerce of Pondicherry) Selvaraj Chettiar. LATOUR Joseph (1955–1956) Papa Edouard Goubert (past mayor and first chief minister of Puducherry) Muthu Pillai (last mayor of Pondicherry) Post-merger period The areas comprising the French establishments of India were merged de facto with the Republic of India on 1 November 1954. At the time of merger, the subject of local administration was dealt with by the Bureau des Affaires Politiques and the municipal administration was covered by the decree of 12 March 1880. The Local Administration Department was constituted only on 1 July 1963 to deal with all matters connected with local administration at the secretariat level. The inspectorate of Municipal councils and local boards were formed in June 1967, to exercise control over the municipalities. Except a few changes the municipal administration continued to carry on according to French laws. Reorganization of local bodies in 1973 While in Puducherry Union Territory, the decree of 12 March 1880, which provided for a common structure of municipal administration for urban as well as rural areas, continued to be in force. The Panchayat Raj system was in vogue in other parts of the country, and village administration has been carried out through people's representatives from the village level to the block level. Moreover, the old French laws had become so outdated that its replacement by a new law to meet the requirements of the changed circumstances was felt necessary. More over, the municipalities remained stagnant and the establishment charges had increased gradually to reach almost half of the income of the municipalities. Adequate funds were not left to meet even the essential as well as basic needs of the population. Further, much of the powers conferred on the municipalities by the various French laws ceased to have effect as these laws had been replaced by Indian laws. As a result, the municipal administration as conceived in the nineteenth century stood eroded, substantially. Hence, the system was replaced by the Pondicherry Village and Commune Panchayat Act, 1973 and the Pondicherry Municipalities Act, 1973 respectively to govern village and town administration. Both these acts came into force from 26 January 1974. Commune Panchayat Act provides for a two-tier system of Panchayat administration, one at the village level and the other at the commune level. The mayors and deputy mayors ceased to function with effect from that date. All the executive powers of the mayors stood transferred to the commissioners appointed under these acts. Under the re-organized set up, the Inspectorate of Local Bodies was converted into a directorate headed by a director to deal with the administrative matters. He was conferred the ex officio secretariat status with two deputy directors to deal with "municipal administration" and "rural development" respectively. Absence of civil elections for three decades For more than three decades, the municipalities and commune panchayats were manned by the bureaucracy. Special officers stepped into the shoes of mayors and took charge after the civic bodies, formed in 1968, completed their six-year term in 1974. Current municipalities Pondicherry Municipality Ozhukarai Municipality Karaikal Municipality Yanam Municipality Mahe Municipality Following the introduction of the Pondicherry Municipalities Act, 1973, four municipalities came into existence in Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam towns. The jurisdiction of the Pondicherry Municipality extended to Pondicherry and Mudaliarpettai commune, which amalgamated to form a single municipality. The entities of Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam communes formed the municipalities of Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. Under the new law, all functions, excluding those assigned to the chairman, i.e., those hitherto exercised by the mayor appointed under the municipal decree, came to be exercised by the commissioner. The mayors were also relieved of their day-to-day administrative responsibilities, enabling them to be in greater contact with the public. Commissioners were appointed as the chief executive heads of the municipalities, in different ranks according to the grade of the municipalities. The erstwhile Ozhukarai Commune Panchayat was upgraded as a municipality with effect from 14 January 1994, and thereby the number of municipalities in this Union Territory has increased to five, and the Commune Panchayat became 10 in number. Current commune panchayats of Pondicherry region Ariankuppam Villianur Mannadipattu Bahour Nettapakkam Present situation The decree that was the basic Law of Municipalities has now been replaced by the Pondicherry Municipalities Act 1973, which came into force on 26 January 1974. The Pondicherry Municipality, constituted under the Act of 1973, is a selection Grade Municipality and comprises the erstwhile Communes of Pondicherry and Mudaliarpet and its headquarters in Pondicherry. The total number of council wards is 42. Out of 42 wards, 4 wards have been reserved for Scheduled caste. The mayor and deputy mayor have been re-designated as chairman and vice-chairman as per the act. The municipal council was dissolved on 31 March 1978 and a special officer has been appointed to exercise the powers and to perform the duties conferred and imposed upon the municipal council, including the standing committee and other committees and that of the chairman and vice-chairman and other authorities other than the commissioner. Villianur This is a town in Pondicherry district, 10 km from the city. It has a big siva temple famous for Temple car festival on summer. See also Municipal Administration in French India Puducherry Legislative Assembly References External links Official website of the Government of the Union Territory of Puducherry De Facto Transfer of the Administration of the Territory of French Establishments in India, 1954 - Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India website Treaty De Jure Cession, 1956 - Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India website Official website of Mahe Region Municipalities

Clemens August Andreae

Clemens August Andreae (1929-26 May 1991) was an Austrian economist who served as a professor of political economics and the dean of law and political sciences for the University of Innsbruck. He wrote a book called Der größere Markt – Wirtschaftsintegration vom Atlantik bis zum Ural ("The Larger Market – Economic Integration from the Atlantic to the Urals"). Andreae was scheduled to give the opening speech for the 1986 Salzburg Festival; the opening speech is typically given by a prominent scientist or artist. Andreae replaced Ralf Dahrendorf, a West German sociologist and professor, who withdrew the pledge because he did not want to speak to an audience that included Kurt Waldheim, the President of Austria. Andreae died in the 26 May 1991 crash of Lauda Air Flight 004 in Thailand. He was leading a group of students from the University of Innsbruck in a tour of the Far East. The passengers on the aircraft included 21 members of the University of Innsbruck, including Andreae, another professor, six assistants, and 13 students. Andreae had often led field visits to Hong Kong. Works Andreae, Clemens August and Dieter Schoen. Der größere Markt: Wirtschaftsintegration vom Atlantik bis zum Ural. Seewald Verlag, 1966. Andreae, Clemens August and Volkmar Muthesius. Unser kompliziertes Steurersystem. Beiträge von Clemens A[ugust] Andreae [u. a.] Volkmar Muthesius z. 70. Geburtstag am 19. März 1970. F. Knapp, 1970. Andreae, Clemens August and Reinhard Berthold Koester. Taxation: An International Disequilibrium, Issue 16. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1987. , 9783515051255. Andreae, Clemens August (editor: Franz Aubele) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Ausgewählte Schriften in memoriam. Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 1994. , 9783428079605. References Parschalk, Norbert and Bernhard Thaler. Südtirol Chronik: das 20. Jahrhundert. Athesia, 1999. Notes External links "Andreae, Clemens-August, 1929–1991." Virtual International Authority File. Catalog of works – German National Library Category:Austrian economists Category:1929 births Category:1991 deaths Category:University of Innsbruck faculty Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Thailand Category:20th-century economists

Ķemeri Station

Ķemeri Station is a railway station on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway in the Ķemeri neighbourhood of Jūrmala, Latvia. References External links Category:Railway stations in Latvia Category:Railway stations opened in 1877

Rosso José Serrano

Rosso José Serrano Cadena (August 30, 1942) is a former General of the Colombian National Police from 1994 to 2000 during Ernesto Samper's presidency and was one of the masterminds behind the dismantling of the Cali Cartel and Medellín Cartel. Serrano received numerous national and international decorations for his work against illicit drugs, drug-trafficking and the restructuring of the Colombian Police. He is currently working as head of the Colombian diplomatic mission to Austria. Early years Serrano joined the Colombian National Police in 1960, attended classes in the "General Santander Police Academy" graduating in Police Administration and also received a doctorate in law and political sciences from La Gran Colombia University. Parapolitics Scandal On May 16, 2007 in a court hearing in Medellín, former paramilitary warlord and commander of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Salvatore Mancuso declared that the former director in chief of the Colombian National Police and current ambassador of Colombia to Austria Rosso José Serrano had intervened on behalf of the AUC leaders captured in La Guajira Department which included Rodrigo Tovar Pupo (aka "Jorge 40"). External links fas.org Rosso Jose Serrano speech - European Union Calle22 on Rosso Jose Serrano Univienna.org Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:Colombian police officers Category:Colombian parapolitics scandal Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to Austria

2019 Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association Tournament

The 2019 Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association Tournament was the men's volleyball tournament for the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association held during the 2019 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season. It was held April 13 through April 20, 2019 at campus sites. The winner received the Association's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Volleyball Tournament. Seeds All eight teams are eligible for the postseason, with the highest seed hosting each round. Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Schedule and results Bracket References Category:Volleyball competitions in the United States Category:2019 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season

John Hampden Gurney

John Hampden Gurney (15 August 1802 – 8 March 1862) was an Anglican clergyman and hymnist. Life Born the son of Sir John Gurney, Baron of the Exchequer in Serjeant's Inn, Fleet Street, London, England, he was educated in Chobham, Surrey and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. as 3rd classic in 1824 and became M.A. in 1827. He was an active supporter of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and other religious societies. He died in London. There is now a school named after him (Hampden Gurney C of E primary school) located in Nutford Place, London. Service Curate of Lutterworth (1824–1844) (Listed as Stipendiary Curate, 1827) Rector of St. Mary's, Marylebone Prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral. Published writings Church Psalmody: Hints for the Improvement of a Collection of Hymns (1853) A Collection of Hymns for Public Worship (1838), known as the Lutterworth Collection Psalms and Hymns for Public Worship, Selected for Some of the Churches of Marylebone (1851) known as his Marlybone collection. Selected hymns His hymns include: We saw Thee not when Thou didst come, Lord, as to thy dear Cross we flee, and Yes, God is good. References Notes Sources Category:1802 births Category:1862 deaths Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:19th-century English Anglican priests Category:Christian hymnwriters

List of Czech film directors

This article provides a list of Czech film directors. B Jaroslav Balík Jiří Barta Jiří Brdečka Zbyněk Brynych Jan Budař Vlasta Burian C Jiří Chlumský Věra Chytilová Radúz Činčera D Oldřich Daněk F Miloš Forman Martin Frič G Saša Gedeon H Hugo Haas Ondřej Havelka Karel Hašler Hermína Týrlová Juraj Herz Jan Hřebejk I Svatopluk Innemann J Juraj Jakubisko Karel Janák Vojtěch Jasný Jaromil Jireš Pavel Juráček K Antonín Kachlík Karel Kachyňa Ján Kadár Jan Kačer Ondřej Kepka Elmar Klos Pavel Koutecký Jan Kratochvíl Jiří Krejčík Ester Krumbachová Václav Krška Jan Kříženecký L Karel Lamač Oldřich Lipský M Josef Mach Gustav Machatý Václav Matějka Jiří Menzel Vladimír Merta Vladimír Michálek Zdeněk Miler Vladimír Morávek Josef František Munclinger Antonín Máša Josef Šváb-Malostranský N Alice Nellis Jan Němec P Ivan Passer Jan Pinkava Karel Plicka Zdeněk Podskalský Břetislav Pojar Marie Poledňáková Jindřich Polák R Karel Reisz Filip Renč Josef Rovenský Břetislav Rychlík Ladislav Rychman Ludvík Ráža Čestmír Řanda S Jan Schmidt Evald Schorm Jiří Sequens Bohdan Sláma Ladislav Smoljak Karel Smyczek Jaroslav Soukup Karel Steklý Jiří Strach Martin Suchánek Jan Svěrák Radim Špaček Milan Šteindler Jan Švankmajer T Jan Tománek Jiří Trnka Ondřej Trojan Zdeněk Troška Helena Třeštíková V Vladislav Vančura Drahomíra Vihanová František Vláčil Tomáš Vorel Václav Vorlíček Otakar Vávra Dana Vávrová W Jiří Weiss Z Petr Zelenka Karel Zeman Film directors Czech

Fanfare for the Volunteer

Fanfare for the Volunteer is an album of three pieces for violin and orchestra by composer and violinist Mark O'Connor with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Steven Mercurio. Originally conceived as O'Connor's second "fiddle concerto", the three movements became separate pieces during the course of composition. Like his other classical works, the three pieces on the album: "Call of the Mockingbird", "Trail of Tears" and "Fanfare for the Volunteer" use styles and motifs from American folk music and the traditional Anglo-American fiddling techniques on which O'Connor was weaned. Track listing All music written by Mark O'Connor "Call of the Mockingbird" – 20:26 "Trail of Tears" – 16:08 "Fanfare for the Volunteer" – 20:06 Personnel Mark O'Connor - violin London Philharmonic Orchestra - orchestra Steven Mercurio - conductor References Category:1999 albums Category:Mark O'Connor albums

Mount Hokkai

is a mountain located in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group of the Ishikari Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan. The mountain sits on the southern rim of the Ohachi Daira caldera. References Geographical Survey Institute Hokkai

SS Fürst Bismarck (1890)

The first SS Fürst Bismarck was an ocean liner built in 1890 by AG Vulcan for the Hamburg America Line. A steamship of 8,430 gross register tons, it was assigned to transatlantic crossings between Hamburg Germany and New York City, United States. Fürst Bismarck and the sister ships were part of an express fleet that usually made the trip in five to six days. HAPAG's Express Fleet The fleet of twin-screw express steamships operated between New York to Plymouth, Cherbourg and Hamburg, and from Hamburg, Southampton, and Cherbourg to New York. The fleet consisted of the SS Augusta Victoria and the SS Fürst Bismarck, built by the Vulcan Shipbuilding Company at Stettin, the SS Columbia, built by Laird Brothers, in Birkenhead, near Liverpool, and the SS Normannia, built by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, in Glasgow. With these vessels the company maintained a weekly Transatlantic express service, offering the public the convenience of safe and comfortable travel between America and the European Continent. Design The SS Fürst Bismarck was designed with five decks constructed of steel and teak. The three funnels rose above the hurricane deck. The ship also had two masts, but without yards. Each side of the ship was subdivided into numerous watertight compartments. The hull of the ship had a double bottom, the space between divided into chambers, which could be filled with water or emptied by means of automatic pumps, thus increasing or decreasing the draught at will, and guarding the ship from grounding. The enormous engines [were] of 6000 to 8000 horsepower each. The screws are of manganese bronze, with three or four blades. First class deck state rooms, located mid-ship, were 7 to 9 feet in width, with elaborate furnishings. Separate saloons for men and women allowed for privacy, smoking (gentlemen only), and conversation. The Second class rooms were on the same level as first class, but with most rooms located fore and aft, with smaller rooms and their own saloons. The steerage was directly below the Second Cabin; separate compartments housed single men, women, and families. Dimensions The ship was 502.6 feet long, and 57.6 feet in breadth, and measured 8,430 gross tons. Machinery The vessels's machinery was duplicated, with two distinct sets of boilers, engines, shafts and screws, both sets working independently of each other. A longitudinal bulkhead divided the vessel into two non-communicating halves, each of which was fully equipped to propel the ship. Contemporary advertising promoted this design as safer than a single boiler compartment because of its numerous watertight compartments, and the ability of the ship to propel itself even if one side was disabled. Service Launched on November 29, 1890, the ship made its maiden run from Hamburg to New York, via Southampton (England), on May 8, 1891. In the service of Hamburg America line (HAPAG) on September 27, 1894, 5 days, 18 hours, 10 minutes, with Captain Adolph Albers (1843–1902) at the helm. Albers, later Commodore of the Hamburg America fleet, held several speed records for trans Atlantic crossings before his death at the helm of the SS Deutschland in 1902. Between its maiden journey and 1894, the ship made 14 crossings, predominantly as an immigrant ship, and carrying American travelers to Europe on the return journey. On July 4, 1894, in honor of its many crossings and "in memory of Muhlenberg, Herkimer, Steuben and Dekalb," the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Columbia Liberty Bell Company presented the ship, and its Captain, with a replica of the Liberty Bell, requesting that the ship's captain ordered it to be rung when the ship came in sight of the Navesink Highlands (by day) or Navesink Twin Lights (by night). After 1894, it was occasionally in use as a luxury cruise ship. HAPAG commissioned a second SS Fürst Bismarck (1905) in 1905. In 1904, the ship became the auxiliary cruiser the Don in the Russian Navy. In 1906, she was assigned to the Russian Volunteer Fleet with the name Moskva. In 1913, she became a torpedo boat depot ship in the Austrian-Hungarian Navy, the "Gäa." The vessel was seized by Italy at the end of the First World War, rebuilt, and renamed San Guisto. She was scrapped in Italy in 1924. Footnotes References SS ''Fürst Bismarck, Norway Heritage website. Further reading Matthias Trennheuser: Die innenarchitektonische Ausstattung deutscher Passagierschiffe zwischen 1880 und 1940. Hauschild- Verlag, 2010, . External links Category:Ships of the Hamburg America Line Category:Steamships Category:1890 ships

Andrzej of Wiślica

Andrzej from Wiślica (died 1356)was bishop of Poznań (nominate) and diplomat in the service of Władysław Łokietek and Casimir the Great. Casreer He has many times sent on behalf of Polish kings to the papal curia in Avignon. He held many church dignities, including a canonist from Wrocław (from 1326), from Gniezno (from 1327) and from Cracow (from 1334). In 1347 he was appointed by Pope Clement VI as the Bishop of Poznań, which he did not take over as a result of counteracting King Casimir the Great, unwilling to accept the papal candidates. Therefore, in the following year he was appointed by the Pope a bishop of Sverige, where he efficiently managed the diocese for the next years. He was also the protector of the future chronicler Janka from Czarnków, who at his side achieved the first church dignities and fulfilled office and diplomatic tasks. References Category:Bishops of Poznań Category:Year of birth unknown Category:14th-century births Category:1346 deaths Category:14th-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:Medieval Polish nobility Category:14th-century Polish people

Cecil Horsley

Cecil Douglas Horsley was Bishop of Colombo then Gibraltar in the mid 20th century. He was born in Gillingham, Kent, on 26 July 1906 and educated at Brighton College and Queens' College, Cambridge, before embarking on an ecclesiastical career with curacies at Romsey Abbey and St Saviour's, Ealing. After this he was vicar of St John the Evangelist, Upper Norwood, before his elevation to the episcopate in 1938. He was translated to Gibraltar in 1947. A sub-prelate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, he died in post on 10 March 1953. Notes Category:1906 births Category:People from Gillingham, Kent Category:People educated at Brighton College Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge Category:20th-century Anglican bishops Category:Bishops of Colombo Category:Anglican Bishops of Gibraltar Category:1953 deaths Category:Sub-Prelates of the Venerable Order of Saint John Category:British expatriates in Sri Lanka

Carbon nanofoam

Carbon nanofoam is an allotrope of carbon discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and co-workers at the Australian National University in Canberra. It consists of a cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web. The fractal-like bond structure consists of sp2 graphite-like clusters connected by sp3 bonds. The sp3 bonds are located mostly on the surface of the structure and make up 15% to 45% of the material, making its framework similar to diamond-like carbon films. The material is remarkedly light, with a density of 2-10 x 103 g/cm3 (0.0012 lb/ft3) and is comparable to an aerogel. Other remarkable physical properties include the large surface area (comparable to zeolites) of 300–400 m2/g. A gallon of nanofoam weighs about a quarter of an ounce. Each cluster is about 6 nanometers wide and consists of about 4000 carbon atoms linked in graphite-like sheets that are given negative curvature by the inclusion of heptagons among the regular hexagonal pattern. This is the opposite of what happens in the case of buckminsterfullerenes in which carbon sheets are given positive curvature by the inclusion of pentagons. The large-scale structure of carbon nanofoam is similar to that of an aerogel, but with 1% of the density of previously produced carbon aerogels—or only a few times the density of air at sea level. Unlike carbon aerogels, carbon nanofoam is a poor electrical conductor. The nanofoam contains numerous unpaired electrons, which Rode and colleagues propose is due to carbon atoms with only three bonds that are found at topological and bonding defects. This gives rise to what is perhaps carbon nanofoam's most unusual feature: it is attracted to magnets, and below −183 °C can itself be made magnetic. Carbon nanofoam is the only known form of pure carbon to be ferromagnetic which is unusual for a carbon allotrope. Ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property observed in the carbon nanofoam and may be accounted for by its complex structure. Impurities in the material are excluded as the source of magnetism as they are not sufficient for the strong magnetization observed. Researchers postulate that embedded carbon atoms with unpaired electrons carry enough of a magnetic moment to lead to strong magnetization. The sheet curvature localizes unpaired electrons by breaking up the π-electron clouds and sterically protects the electrons which normally would be too reactive to persist. The ferromagnetism of the carbon nanofoam is sensitive to time and temperature. Some magnetism is lost within the first few hours of synthesis, however most of it is persistent. Carbon nanofoam may have some application in spintronic devices which exploits electron spin as a further degree of freedom. Carbon nanofoam may be suitable for hydrogen storage due to its low density and high surface area. Preliminary experimentation has shown that hydrogen can be stored in the nanofoam at room temperature in a reversible process. Synthesis Carbon nanofoam clusters can be synthesized through high-repetition-rate laser ablation in an inert gas such as argon. Short (fs), low-energy (µJ) pulses delivered at rates of high repetition (10 kHz – 100 MHz) generate carbon vapors for deposition. Ambient gas is heated from room temperature with the atomized carbon which leads to an increase in the partial density of the carbon in the chamber. In optimal conditions, the inert gas does not cool down but maintains its high temperature between cycles of formation. Subsequent cycles in the chamber are carried out at temperatures above the formation threshold temperature initiating sp2 bonding. The increase in density and temperature promotes favorable conditions for the formation of carbonaceous clusters. The rate of consumption exceeds the rate of evaporation by laser ablation and thus the formation is in a non-equilibrium state. See also Truncated order-7 triangular tiling References Category:Carbon forms Category:Group IV semiconductors Category:Nanomaterials Category:Foams

Kampung Sabang

Kampung Sabang is a settlement in the Simunjan division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately east-south-east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include: Kampung Seteman southwest Kampung Dundong south Kampung Perin northwest Kampung Buloh northwest Kampung Jagong southeast Kampung Panagan west Kampung Terasi north Simunjan southeast References Category:Populated places in Sarawak

Bianxing station

Bianxing Station (), is a station of Line 2 western section of the Tianjin Metro. It started operations on 1 July 2012. References Category:Railway stations in Tianjin Category:Railway stations opened in 2012 Category:Tianjin Metro stations

UFC Fight Night: Henderson vs. dos Anjos

UFC Fight Night: Henderson vs. dos Anjos (also known as UFC Fight Night 49) was a mixed martial arts event held on August 23, 2014, at the BOK Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Background The event was headlined by Lightweight contenders Benson Henderson and Rafael dos Anjos. The event is the second visit to Tulsa, Oklahoma, the first being UFC 4, nearly 20 years ago. Jordan Mein was expected to face Thiago Alves at the event. However, Alves pulled out of the bout with an injury and was replaced by Brandon Thatch. Subsequently, Thatch also pulled out of the bout with Mein citing a toe injury. In turn, Mein faced Mike Pyle at the event, as Pyle's scheduled opponent Demian Maia, also pulled out of their bout with a staph infection. As a result of the cancellation of UFC 176, bouts between Beneil Dariush vs. Tony Martin, James Vick vs. Valmir Lazaro and Matt Dwyer vs. Alex Garcia were rescheduled for this event. However, Dwyer was removed from his bout with Garcia and replaced by Neil Magny. Ernest Chavez was expected to face Mirsad Bektic at the event. However, Chavez was forced out of the bout with an injury and was replaced by Max Holloway. In turn, Bektic pulled out of the bout in the week leading up to the event and was replaced by promotional newcomer Clay Collard. Tim Elliott was expected to face Wilson Reis at the event. However, Elliott pulled out of the bout in the days leading up to the event. Reis faced promotional newcomer Joby Sanchez. Results Bonus awards The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses: Fight of the Night: None awarded Performance of the Night: Rafael dos Anjos, Jordan Mein, Thales Leites, and Ben Saunders Reported payout The following is the reported payout to the fighters as reported to the Oklahoma State Athletic Commission. It does not include sponsor money or "locker room" bonuses often given by the UFC and also do not include the UFC's traditional "fight night" bonuses. Rafael dos Anjos: $76,000 ($38,000 win bonus) def. Benson Henderson: $48,000 Jordan Mein: $40,000 ($20,000 win bonus) def. Mike Pyle: $51,000 Thales Leites: $40,000 ($20,000 win bonus) def. Francis Carmont: $30,000 Max Holloway: $40,000 ($20,000 win bonus) def. Clay Collard: $8,000 James Vick: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Valmir Lazaro: $8,000 Chas Skelly: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Tom Niinimäki: $10,000 Neil Magny: $24,000 ($12,000 win bonus) def. Alex Garcia: $12,000 Beneil Dariush: $20,000 ($10,000 win bonus) def. Tony Martin: $8,000 Matt Hobar: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Aaron Phillips: $8,000 Ben Saunders: $24,000 ($12,000 win bonus) def. Chris Heatherly: $8,000 Wilson Reis: $20,000 ($10,000 win bonus) def. Joby Sanchez: $8,000 See also List of UFC events 2014 in UFC References Category:UFC Fight Night Category:Mixed martial arts in Oklahoma Category:Sports in Tulsa, Oklahoma Category:2014 in mixed martial arts

Friends of Harry

Friends of Harry were an English pop folk group. Best known for their song "Take It All" Formed in Newcastle in 1988 from the remains of two other Newcastle bands "Pop, Dick and Harry" and "The Bats". They toured UK, Spain, Holland and Switzerland. Their first (and only) album Six Days of Madness comprised early acoustic songs such as "Ronnie Lee" and "£27 a week" through the single "Take It All" to "Happy Life" and "Call of the Wild". Both single and album were reviewed in Folk Roots magazine. The group disbanded in 1992. Members Chris Yeamans - Guitar, Vocals. Sav Scatola - Guitar. Zoe Lambert - Accordion, Vocals. Phyll Scammell - Bass, Vocals. Rob Brown - Drums, Vocals Discography UK albums UK singles Reviews "Take It All" - "The best record in the world at the moment" - Danny Baker GLR DJ (GLR single of the week) "A dozen good songs stuffed with tunes and social comment" - Time Out "A barrel of monkeys couldn't produce as much fun as Friends of Harry - they'll do you nothing but good" - Folk Roots References External links Interview with Chris Yeamans Cloudberry Records blog Licensing contact for Friends of Harry EP Music "Take It All" on YouTube Category:English folk musical groups Category:Musical quintets Category:Musical groups established in 1988 Category:Music in Newcastle upon Tyne

René, Sarthe

René is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France. See also Communes of the Sarthe department References INSEE Category:Communes of Sarthe

Stigmella nireae

Stigmella nireae is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from Hokkaido in Japan. The larvae feed on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a long and narrow gallery. It is much contorted and irregular. The frass is thin and is deposited in a linear fashion, occupying less than one fifth of the width of the mine, except in the first part, in which the frass occupies almost the whole width of the track. External links Japanese Species Of The Genus Stigmella (Nepticulidae: Lepidoptera) Category:Nepticulidae Category:Moths of Japan

Public execution

A public execution is a form of capital punishment which "members of the general public may voluntarily attend." This definition excludes the presence of a small number of witnesses randomly selected to assure executive accountability. The purpose of such displays has historically been to deter individuals from defying laws or authorities. Attendance at such events was historically encouraged and sometimes even mandatory. While today most countries regard public executions with distaste, in the past they were preferred to executions behind closed doors because of their capacity for deterrence. They also allowed the convicted the opportunity to make a final speech, gave the state the chance to display its power in front of those who fell under its jurisdiction, and granted the public what was considered to be a great spectacle. Public executions also permitted the state to project its superiority over political opponents. Thus, when Charles I of England was beheaded, the reduced height of the block meant that he could not assume the normal kneeling pose, but was forced to lie in a face-down position considered to be especially humiliating. Reforms Executions had been condemned by 18th Century Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu and politicians like Cesare Beccaria. In Europe and in the northern U.S., the 19th and early 20th centuries saw a shift away from the spectacle of public capital punishment and toward private executions and the deprivation of liberty. Great Britain 1801 saw the last public execution at Tyburn Hill, after which all executions in York took place within the walls of York Castle (but still publicly) so that "the entrance to the town should not be annoyed by dragging criminals through the streets." In London, those sentenced to death at the Old Bailey would remain at Newgate Prison to await their sentences be carried out in the street. As at Tyburn, the crowds who would come to spectate continued to be large and rambunctious. While some reformers opposed capital punishment, the practice of public executions remained common throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. The last public execution in Great Britain occurred in 1868, after which capital punishment was carried out in the privacy of prisons. France French authorities continued public executions up until 1939. Executions were made private after a secret video of serial killer Eugen Weidmann's death by guillotine emerged and scandalized the process. Disturbing reports emerged of spectators soaking up Weidmann's blood in rags for souvenirs, and in response President Albert Lebrun banned public executions in France for "promoting baser instincts of human nature." United States The last public execution in the United States occurred in 1936. As in Europe, the practice of execution was moved to the privacy of chambers. Viewing remains available for those related to the person being executed, victims' families, and sometimes reporters. Frances Larson wrote in her 2014 book Severed: A History of Heads Lost and Heads Found:"For as long as there were public executions, there were crowds to see them. In London in the early 19th century, there might have been 5,000 to watch a standard hanging, but crowds of up to 100,000 came to see a famous felon killed. The numbers hardly changed over the years. An estimated 20,000 watched Rainey Bethea hang in 1936, in what turned out to be the last public execution in the U.S." Modern Day According to Amnesty International, in 2012 "public executions were known to have been carried out in Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Somalia." Amnesty International does not include Syria, Afghanistan, and Yemen in their list of public execution countries, but there have been reports of public executions carried out there by state and non-state actors, such as ISIS. Executions which can be classified as public were also carried out in the U.S. states of Florida and Utah as of 1992. See also Public executions in Iran Public executions in Saudi Arabia Public executions in North Korea References Category:Capital punishment *

Colorow (Ute chief)

Colorow was a Ute chief of the Ute Mountain Utes, skilled horseman, and warrior. He was involved in treaty negotiations with the U.S. government. In 1879, he fought during the Meeker Massacre. Eight years later, his family members were attacked during Colorow's War. He was placed in the Jefferson County Hall of Fame in recognition of for the contributions that "he made to our county and, indeed, our state and nation." Early life Colorow was born a Comanche about 1810. Five years later there was a battle in Northern New Mexico which resulted in him being kidnapped by the Muache band of Utes. He received the nickname "Red" or "Colorado" for his particularly red skin, as compared to the Utes. Career Colorow was a skilled horseman and warrior. He traveled across the trails of Colorado, having known many chiefs of other tribes, fur trappers, military men, and the Spanish. He visited Colorado towns. He engaged in battles with the Arapaho, one near Aspen where he was called a hero and another at North Table Mountain and South Table Mountain that was so severe that the Utes and Arapaho did not want to return to the area. In 1856, a band of Arapaho and Cheyenne stole about 40 Ute horses. With Nevava and Ouray, Colorow fought for the stolen horses and although outnumbered eight-to-one were able to retrieve them and killed four of the enemy. Colorow traveled with the band and more than 1,000 horses and goats to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains near present-day Denver. A camp was first established on Lookout Mountain until fresh pastures were required. They then moved to Rooney Valley, east of Dinosaur Ridge near Morrison. They stayed near mineral springs, called "Iron Spring". Other Native American tribes—Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, and Companche—visited the springs, but the visits were always peaceful there. Colorow held tribal councils at "Inspirational Tree" or "Council Tree" at the foot of Dinosaur Ridge. He used a cave near Morrison for temporary shelter, which was named for him, Colorow's Cave. The town of Mount Vernon was built in the area in 1860, and Rooney Ranch that was built in their grazing area. He also spent part of each summer with his band in the Roaring Fork Valley between Aspen and Gunnison, Colorado. He was a sub-chief by 1868 and was considered for the chief of the Northern Ute. He was involved in treaty negotiations with the United States government and met with President Ulysses S. Grant at a reception in Denver in 1873. He identified himself as a Yampa and Grand River Ute when he signed the 1878 treaty. During the Meeker Massacre (1879), he first tried to negotiate for peace and ultimately was said to have stabbed Nathan Meeker in the mouth to stop his lies. The conflict led to Utes being put on reservations. Colorow left for the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in August 1881, and under a treaty he continued to hunt in western Colorado and did not spend much time on the reservation. In 1887, some minor incidents occurred near Meeker, Colorado, which caused a Rio Blanco County sheriff to establish a posse and hunt down Utes. He burned down Chipeta's camp and injured many of Colorow's family members, include sons, sons-in-law, and grandsons. Utes had begun to return to Utah when a state militia of about 1,000 men began shooting at them. They were rescued by Buffalo Soldiers from Fort Duchesne. The incident, which caused the loss of more than $30,000 () in property, was called Colorow's War. Personal life He married three women, who may all have been sisters. His first wife, Recha, gave birth to three of his children Uncompahgre Colorow, Patchoorowits "Gus", and a girl named Topollywack. Recha died when riding a horse; she fell off the horse and her foot was caught in the stirrup and she was dragged to her death. He had six other children with sisters Poopa and Siha by 1857. He died on the Ouray Reservation on December 11, 1888 and was buried three days later. Places named for him Colorow's Cave, Morrison, Colorado Colorow Elementary School, Jefferson County Public Schools (Colorado) Colorow Mountain, Rio Blanco County, Colorado Colorow Point Park, Golden, Colorado References Category:Ute people Category:People from Colorado Category:1810 births Category:1888 deaths

Carina Bär

Carina Bär (also spelled Baer; born 23 January 1990 in Heilbronn) is a German rower. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro she competed in women's quadruple sculls competition in which the German team (Bär, Annekatrin Thiele, Julia Lier and Lisa Schmidla) won the gold medal. She had previous won the silver medal in the same even at the 2012 Summer Olympics. At World level, Bär won the 2013 title with Thiele, Julia Richter and Britta Oppelt. Bär, Thiele, Schmidla and Lier won the 2014 World Championships in a world's best time (which remains the world's best time in January 2019). The team of Bär, Thiele, Schmidla and Marie-Catherine Arnold won the silver medal at the 2015 World Championship in the women's quadruple sculls. Bär also has a World bronze medal from 2010 (with Oppelt, Richter and Tina Manker). At European level, the team of Bär, Thiele, Schmidla and Arnold won the 2015 and 2016 European Championship in the women's quadruple sculls, the latter on home water in Brandenburg. Bär had previous won the European title with Thiele, Richter and Oppelt in 2013. In 2010 she was part of the German women's quadruple sculls team that finished second. At Junior level, Bär won silver in the single sculls at the 2011 World Under 23 Championships, having won bronze in 2009. She also won the women's junior single sculls world title in 2008. References External links Category:1990 births Category:Living people Category:People from Heilbronn Category:Rowers at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:Rowers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic rowers of Germany Category:Olympic gold medalists for Germany Category:Olympic silver medalists for Germany Category:Olympic medalists in rowing Category:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:German female rowers Category:World Rowing Championships medalists for Germany

Singh Saab the Great

Singh Saab the Great is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by Anil Sharma. The film stars Sunny Deol, Amrita Rao, Urvashi Rautela and Prakash Raj as main characters. The film marks the return of Sunny Deol to action genre after a long time. Also, Deol and Sharma paired up once again after Gadar: Ek Prem Katha. The film narrates the story of a man who decides to teach a lesson to the man, who ruined his life, by reforming him. The film's story and screenplay has been written by Shaktimaan Talwar, and the action sequences have been directed by Tinu Verna and Kanal Kannan. The music has been provided by Anand Raj Anand and Sonu Nigam. Amisha Patel was supposed to play the lead role but backed out due to ever changing schedules. The film released officially on 22 November 2013. Plot A common man works as a tax collector in a small city. A TV journalist uncovers the mysterious hero's back story. It starts in a small village named Chironji, with a small argument about food issues in a village caused by a local goon named Jatta Singh (Shabaz Khan)when Singh Saab (Sunny Deol) makes his grand entry. Singh Saab is an honest, noble and loyal man. Above all else, he lives his life on honest principles and that makes him a messiah of common people. and he came with the offer from his movement named People’s Beat, which is for a noble cause, approached to Jatta Singh to let the goods from his factories to be used for a good cause. This enrages Jatta Singh and attacks on Singh Saab. He denies to hit back to honour the day, which was 2 October, Non- Violence Day. But things got messy, and Singh Saab and Jatta have a Duo. Then they get several invitations, which of one from Bhadhori, upsets him, and a TV reporter named Shikha Chuturvadi (Amrita Rao) approached to him and believes that he is living a noble life as a hoax. Then he was shaken and decided to tell her about the story of his life revolving around the name Bhadhori. It flashes back to 7 years earlier, the time when he was known as Saranjeet Singh Talwar, a well known collector and he was travelling to Bhadhori with his wife Minnie (Urvashi Rautela) for his transfer. There he starts a court of justice for action to be taken against corrupt individuals. There he meets a gangster alais a crime lord named Raja Dadta Bhudhev Singh (Prakash Raj). He has an excise of £32,029,000 to pay and he threatens Saranjeet to open his factories otherwise he will do something to his sister and ruin her marriage. This enrages Saranjeet and he then slaps Bhudhev which led to a threat to ruin Saranjeet’s life and will make him squeal. Things get messy when Bhudhev kidnaps Saranjeet’s sister’s father-in-law and makes him to obey his order to mix poison in the ritual of feeding sweets to the daughter-in-law and son, or the whole family will be poisoned. He tries but attempts to fail and Saranjeet finds that things are fishy. He is called by Bhudhev and finds out that Minnie was poisoned, by the cause of her drink being spiked with poison. They rush her to the hospital and Bhudhev has made a deal to exchange the order of his factories’ release for Dr. Anand, the neurosurgeon to perform the surgery for Minnie’s survival. Saranjeet agrees for Minnie’s unstable condition. But, it gets to late and Minnie passes away. Saranjeet is heartbroken and had found an old letter written by his wife during her last minutes. Furious Saranjeet goes to Bhudev and attacks him. He is then sentenced for 16 years of imprisonment. But, one day he met his old friend, Mohammad Iqbal (Rajit Kapur) who was the jailor official, and recommended to bring change not hatred. Now in present day, he is a dedicated man towards bringing a noble change to the society. Cast Sunny Deol as Saranjeet Talwar Amrita Rao as Shikha Urvashi Rautela as Minnie Prakash Raj as Bhoodev Anjali Abrol as Simar / Guddie Johny Lever as Gulwinder Rajit Kapur as Jailer Shahbaz Khan as Jata Singh Raj Premi as Sultan Alan Kapoor as Ashwini Dr. Anukool Jain as Press Reporter Dharmendra Guest Appearance in song "Daaru Band Kal Se" Bobby Deol Guest Appearance in song "Daaru Band Kal Se" Simran Khan as an item song "Khaike Palang Todh Pan" Music The soundtrack album was composed by the music director Anand Raj Anand and Sonu Nigam composed the title track of the movie while the lyrics were penned by Kumaar. The music was launched on 29 Oct 2013. The album contains six songs. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" | Track # || Title || Composer || Lyrics || 'Singer(s) |- | 1 || "Singh Saab The Great" || Sonu Nigam || Kumaar ||Sonu Nigam, Teesha Nigam |- | 2 || "Daaru Band Kal Se" || Anand Raj Anand || Kumaar ||Sonu Nigam |- | 3 || "Palang Todh" ||Anand Raj Anand || Kumaar ||Sunidhi Chauhan, Anand Raj Anand |- | 4 || "Jab Mehndi Lag Lag Jaave" || Anand Raj Anand || Kumaar ||Sonu Nigam, Shreya Ghoshal |- | 5 || "Daaru Band Kal Se (Remix)" || Anand Raj Anand || Kumaar ||Sonu Nigam |- | 6 || "Heer" || Anand Raj Anand || Kumaar ||Sonu Nigam |} ReceptionSingh Saab The Great received mostly positive reviews from critics. David Chute of Variety praised Deol's action sequences. NDTV rated the movie as 3.5/5 stars, saying "There is a virility and fluency to the storytelling. Singh Saab The Great is a homage to the cinema of the 1980s when Sunny was macho." Filmfare gave the film 4/5 stars, saying "SSTG is a mass entertainer. It's a Sunny Deol vehicle. Sunny Paaji is obviously on top of this game. His comedy punches, stirring Punjabi dialogues are all over top but perfectly suitable in context of film".The Times of India gave movie 3/5 stars, stating "Like all films that talk of reforming society, Anil Sharma's Singh Saab the Great has its heart in the correct place. Sunny Deol's earnestness shines, throughout the duration of this melodrama". Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave a 3.5/5 star rating and wrote "Singh Saab the Great is a typical Sunny Deol film that a section of the audience still enjoys. The clapworthy dialogue, the raw appeal, the undercurrent of emotions and of course, the dhaai kilo ka haath should appeal to those who relish desi'' fares, especially the single screen audience". Box office The film's total box office collections totaled approximately 36 Crore in India on a 25 Crore budget. Making the film an above average grosser at the box office. See also List of Bollywood films of 2013 References External links Category:2010s Hindi-language films Category:Indian films Category:2013 films Category:Indian action drama films Category:2010s action drama films Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand Category:Films featuring an item number Category:Films directed by Anil Sharma

Transport between India and Pakistan

Transport between India and Pakistan has been developed for tourism and commercial purposes and bears much historical and political significance for both countries, which have possessed few transport links since the partition of India in 1947. In 2019, all public transport links between the two countries were severed because of Pakistani fury at India's revocation of special status for Kashmir. The only way for travelers to make this journey is to cross on foot at Wagah. Background The partition of India in 1947 led to the termination of most transport links between the newly independent nations of India and Pakistan after the cross-migration of people was completed by the 1950s. The First Kashmir War had similarly divided the Himalayan region of Kashmir between the two rivals, causing termination of road links in the region. Kashmir and the international border in the divided region of Punjab were major theatres of war during the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1965 and 1971. The train connecting the Indian city of Jaipur with the Pakistani city of Karachi across the Thar Desert was destroyed when the Pakistani Air Force bombed the tracks during the 1965 war. In the 1990s, the Line of Control (LoC) demarcating the informal boundary between Indian-administered Kashmir and Pakistan-administered Kashmir was the scene of exchanges of fire between Pakistani and Indian forces and infiltration of militants into Indian Kashmir. The Kargil War of 1999 broke out when Indian force sought to repel militants and Pakistani soldiers who had infiltrated across the LoC. By the 1970s it was possible for foreigners with the appropriate visas for each country, such as those traveling the Hippie Trail from Europe to Nepal, to walk across the border, stepping between the guards facing each other across the line. In 1977, both nations launched the Samjhauta Express connecting the Indian city of Attari with the Pakistani city of Lahore. Since the successful launch of the Delhi-Lahore Bus in 1999, both nations have worked to established multiple bus and train services connecting cities across the borders in the Punjab region and Sindh as well as between Indian-administered Kashmir and Pakistan-administered Kashmir across the Line of Control (LoC)the boundary line denoting rival areas of control in the disputed region of Kashmir, which is not an official international border. India and Pakistan have no official trade relations due to ongoing tensions. Bus service The Delhi-Lahore Bus is a passenger bus service connecting the Indian capital of Delhi with the city of Lahore, Pakistan via the border transit post at Wagah, which is the only border crossing point between India and Pakistan opened for international travelers. The bus was of symbolic importance to the efforts of the governments of both nations to foster peaceful and friendly relations. In its inaugural run on 19 February 1999, the bus carried the then-Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who was to attend a summit in Lahore and was received by his Pakistani counterpart, Nawaz Sharif at Wagah. Its official name is the Sada-e-Sarhad (Urdu for Call of the Frontier). The duration of the entire journey is eight hours, covering a distance of 530 km (329 mi). While the bus service had continued to run during the Kargil War of 1999, it was suspended in the aftermath of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack on 13 December 2001, which the Indian government accused Pakistan of instigating. The bus service was resumed on 16 July 2003 when bilateral relations had improved. This service was suspended in 2019, as a result of Pakistani fury at the revocation of Kashmir's special status. Train services As per the Shimla Agreement of 1972 and in a bid to restore peaceful ties after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, both nations launched the Samjhauta Express (Samjhauta means "accord" or "compromise" in Hindi and Urdu), connecting the Pakistani city of Lahore with the Indian town of Attari, which is close proximity to the city of Amritsar. The Thar Express was launched to connect the Pakistani city of Karachi through the Khokhrapar station and the Indian city of Jodhpur through the Munabao station. Plans and negotiations are underway to launch a train service connecting the Pakistani city of Sialkot with the Indian city of Jammu. On 18 February 2007, 2 carriages of the train experienced alleged terrorist bombings near Panipat, Haryana in India. The 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings claimed lives of 68 people. Both the Indian and Pakistani governments condemned the attack, and officials on both sides speculated that the perpetrators intended to disrupt improving relations between the two nations, There have been a number of breaks in the investigation of the bombings. As of 2011, nobody has been charged for the crime yet. It has been allegedly linked to Abhinav Bharat, a Hindu fundamentalist group in India. Other allegations also concurred on Lashkar-e-Taiba (a Pakistani-based terrorist organization). A United States report declared Arif Qasmani to be involved in the attack. The Thar Express is the other passenger railway link between the two countries, running from Karachi, Pakistan to Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. It was not discontinued after Partition but was after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. On 18 February 2006, it was revived after a period of 41 years. In 2019, as a result of the revocation of special status for Kashmir, Pakistan's railway minister Sheikh Rasheed decreed that there would be no more rail transport links between India and Pakistan. Transport across Kashmir In 2003, after a ceasefire in Kashmir improved bilateral relations, the two governments worked on the proposal for a bus connecting the city of Srinagar in Indian Kashmir to the city of Muzaffarabad in Pakistani Kashmir. The official agreement was promulgated on 16 February 2005 when the then-Indian Minister of External Affairs K. Natwar Singh visited Pakistani President Pervez Musharaff in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The decision was announced along with agreements on establishing the Thar Express train service. The bus runs a distance of 183 kilometres and was officially launched on 7 April 2005 and was flagged-off by the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. The service was suspended for some time after 2005 Kashmir earthquake due to aftereffect of road damage. A bus service connecting Poonch (India) with Rawalkote (Pakistan) over 55 km was also launched on 20 June 2006. On 5 June 2008 the passenger quota on the Poonch-Rawalkote Bus was doubled. Bus services connecting Kargil (India) with Skardu (Pakistan), Jammu (India) with Sialkot (Pakistan) and Mirpur (Pakistan) are also being planned. The Indian official position viewed the Srinagar-Muzaffarabad bus service as a "humanitarian measure without prejudice" and not affecting the rival policies and stands of the two governments on the Kashmir conflict. To make the bus safe and fully operational, the LoC would demined if and where necessary and other security arrangements would be made as well. Both governments announced that Indian and Pakistani citizens could travel anywhere in Indian Kashmir and Pakistani Kashmir, including the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which are part of India's claim on Kashmir and pre-1947 Kashmir. In India, all citizens would have to apply at the Regional Passport Office in Srinagar, which was the designated authority to evaluate applications, verify identities and issue entry permits. As of 25 September 2019 all transport routes have been closed between India and Pakistan after India revoked the article 370 giving special status to Indian administered Kashmir. References Category:Transport in India Category:India–Pakistan relations Category:Transport in Pakistan Category:International transport in Asia

Chah Khoshkan

Chah Khoshkan (, also Romanized as Chāh Khoshkān) is a village in Momenabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 11 families. References Category:Populated places in Sarbisheh County

Withoos

Withoos may refer to: Matthias Withoos, (1627–1703) Dutch painter Alida Withoos, (1662–1730) Dutch botanical artist Casey Withoos, singer Pieter Withoos, (1655–1692) Dutch painter

Heinrich Reif-Gintl

Heinrich Reif-Gintl (7 October 1900, in Vienna – 13 July 1974, in Vienna) was an Austrian opera manager and theatre director. Reif-Gintl began his career in theater administration in 1923. He directed the Vienna Staatsoper for four years, beginning in 1968. References Category:Austrian theatre directors Category:Opera managers Category:People from Vienna Category:1900 births Category:1974 deaths

James Macdonald (ornithologist)

James David Macdonald FLS FZS FIB (3 October 1908 – 17 September 2002) was a Scottish-Australian ornithologist and ornithological writer. A traditional museum ornithologist, he did much to build up the collections of African and Australian birds held by the British Museum, as well as popularising ornithology through his writings. Education and career Macdonald was born in the village of Foyers, from Inverness in Scotland. He attended Foyers Public School from 1913 to 1924 before obtaining a bursary to complete his secondary education at the Inverness Royal Academy, from which he graduated Dux in Art in 1927. He studied natural science at the University of Aberdeen, graduating with a BSc in Forestry in 1930 and in Pure Science (botany and zoology) in 1932, following which he carried out research on decapod crustaceans with the Scottish Fisheries Board and the Plymouth Marine Laboratory. In 1935 Macdonald was appointed to a position at the British Natural History Museum in London where he was, despite his protestations of complete ignorance about birds, placed in the bird section as Assistant Keeper. Apart from service with the British Admiralty during the Second World War, he stayed with the museum for the rest of his career, becoming Senior Scientific Officer in charge of the Bird Room and Deputy Keeper of the Zoology Department by the time of his retirement in 1968. Expeditions As part of his job with the museum, Macdonald organised bird collecting expeditions to the mountains of the southern Sudan in 1938–1939 and to the arid regions of south-western South Africa and South West Africa, including the Kalahari Desert, in 1950–1951. In 1962-1963 he led the first of the Harold Hall Expeditions to collect bird specimens in Australia. In 1962 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were D. A. Bannerman, Sir Landsborough Thomson, Sir George Taylor, Edward Hindle and V. C. Wynne-Edwards. He resigned from the Society in 1987. Retirement In 1968 Macdonald moved to Brisbane, Australia, to write a book, Birds of Australia: A Summary of Information, which was dedicated to Harold Hall and published in time for the 1974 International Ornithological Congress in Canberra. He was active in the establishment of the Queensland Ornithological Society in 1969, of which he was the founding President. Macdonald died peacefully in Brisbane at the age of 93, survived by his wife, Dr Betty Macdonald, to whom he had been married for 64 years. Honours Recognition of Macdonald's abilities and achievements as an ornithologist include: Member of the Permanent Committee of the International Ornithological Congress Councillor and Vice President of the British Ornithologists' Union Corresponding Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellow of the Linnaean Society of London Fellow of the Zoological Society of London Fellow of the Institute of Biology Honorary Life Member of the Queensland Ornithological Society Publications As well as about 70 papers in the scientific literature, books authored or coauthored by Macdonald include: 1949 – Birds of Britain. A guide to the common species. Bell & Sons: London. 1955 – Birds of the Sudan: Their Identification and Distribution. Oliver & Boyd: Edinburgh. (With Francis O. Cave). 1957 – Contribution to the Ornithology of Western South Africa. Results of the British Museum (Natural History) South West Africa Expedition, 1949-1950. Trustees of the British Museum: London. 1959 – Instructions to Young Ornithologists: Bird Biology. Museum Press: London. 1962 – Curiosities of Bird Life. Castle Books: New York. 1962 – Bird Behavior. Sterling Publishing: New York. (With Derek Goodwin and Helmut E. Adler). 1973 – Birds of Australia: A Summary of Information. A.H. & A.W. Reed: Sydney. (Illustrated by Peter Slater). 1980 – Birds for Beginners: How birds live and behave. Reed: Sydney. 1982 – Understanding Australian Birds. Reed: Sydney. 1985 – Australian Birds. A Popular Guide To Bird Life. Reed: Sydney. 1987 – The Illustrated Dictionary of Australian Birds By Common Name. Reed: Sydney. References Notes Sources Category:1908 births Category:2002 deaths Category:Scottish ornithologists Category:Australian ornithologists Category:Ornithological writers Category:People educated at Inverness Royal Academy Category:People from Highland (council area) Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen Category:Scottish curators Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Category:Scottish emigrants to Australia Category:British ornithological writers Category:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London Category:Employees of the Natural History Museum, London

Eva Habil

Eva Habil (إيفا هابيل in Arabic) is an Egyptian lawyer. In 2008, she became Egypt's first female mayor when she was appointed mayor of Komboha, a town of Upper-Egypt with a population of about 10,000. She was chosen over five male candidates, including her brother. Habil was born in Komboha. Like most of the village residents, she is a Coptic Christian. Her father was the mayor there until 2002. She studied and practiced law in Cairo, and is a member of the National Democratic Party. References Category:Living people Category:National Democratic Party (Egypt) politicians Category:Women mayors of places in Egypt Category:Mayors of places in Egypt Category:Egyptian women in politics Category:Egyptian people of Coptic descent Category:Coptic politicians Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:21st-century women politicians

2006–07 Burnley F.C. season

The 2006-07 season was Burnley's 7th season in the second tier of English football. They were managed by Steve Cotterill in his third full season since he replaced Stan Ternent at the beginning of the 2004-05 season. Appearances and goals Source: Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute. Players with names struck through and marked left the club during the playing season. Players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with Burnley. Players listed with no appearances have been in the matchday squad but only as unused substitutes. Key to positions: GK – Goalkeeper; DF – Defender; MF – Midfielder; FW – Forward Transfers In Out Matches Championship Final league position League Cup 1st Round FA Cup 3rd Round References 2006-07 Burnley

Queeny Sabobo

Queeny T. Sabobo is a Filipina softball player (as short stop and outfielder). Born and raised in Negros Occidental, Sabodo was part of the Adamson University Falcons women's softball team who swept 5 championships and a 73-game winning run in the UAAP softball tournament. Sabodo was awarded Rookie of the Year on her first season, and became Season's and Finals MVP during her final year in the UAAP. She was also awarded the Most Home Runs, Most Runs Batted In, and Best Slugger awards in the same tournament. She was represented the country in the 2015 Southeast Asian Games where they won a gold medal in women's softball. Recently, Sabodo was awarded as co-Athlete of the Year of the UAAP Season 78, alongside Alyssa Valdez and Jessie Lacuna of Ateneo and Ian Lariba of La Salle. References Category:Living people Category:Adamson University alumni Category:Filipino softball players Category:University Athletic Association of the Philippines players Category:Filipino sportswomen Category:Sportspeople from Negros Occidental Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Ezhiyeh

Ezhieh (, also Romanized as Ezhīyeh, Azhyeh, Ezhyeh, and Ezhiyeh) is a city in Jolgeh District, Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,309, in 948 families. References Category:Populated places in Isfahan County Category:Cities in Isfahan Province Ezhieh located about 75 kilometers south East of Isfahan

The CW

The CW Television Network (commonly referred to as just The CW) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network, LLC, a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS; and AT&T, whose WarnerMedia subsidiary is the parent company of Warner Bros., former majority owner of The WB. The network's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations (CBS and Warner Bros.). The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18, 2006, after its two predecessors, UPN and The WB, respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CW's first two nights of programming – on September 18 and 19, 2006 – consisted of reruns and launch-related specials. The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20, 2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America's Next Top Model. Originally, the network's programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34, although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeals to men. As of August 2017, the CW's audience is 50% male and 50% female. The network currently runs programming seven days a week: airing Mondays through Fridays in the afternoon (The CW Daytime) and Sundays through Fridays in prime time, along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Litton Entertainment called One Magnificent Morning, which is the successor to the animation block Vortexx. It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada–United States border (whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights); it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations – New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA. Additionally, The CW is available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico–U.S. border (such as KFMB-DT2/San Diego-Tijuana, KECY-DT3 in El Centro, California, KVIA-DT2 in El Paso, and KCWT-CD with simulcasters KFXV-LD2 KNVO-DT4 in McAllen–Brownsville, Texas and XHRIO-TV in Matamoros, Tamaulipas) on pay television providers. In both Canada and Mexico, some CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station's signal coverage. History 1993–2006: Predecessors and formation The CW Television Network is a successor to The WB and UPN, both of which launched within one week of each other in 1995. UPN and The WB both began just as the Fox network had started to secure a foothold with American television audiences. The two networks launched to limited fanfare and generally mediocre to poor results. However, over the subsequent seasons, both were able to air several series that became quite popular (such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Star Trek: Voyager, 7th Heaven, Dawson's Creek, Charmed, Smallville and America’s Next Top Model). Towards the end of their first decade on the air, The WB and UPN were in decline, unable to reach the audience share or have the effect that Fox had gained within its first decade, much less that of the Big Three networks (ABC, CBS and NBC). In the eleven years that UPN and The WB were in operation, the two networks lost a combined $2 billion. Chris-Craft Industries, Viacom and Time Warner officials had discussed a possible merger of UPN and The WB as early as September 1995, only eight months after their respective launches; however, discussions ultimately broke down over issues on how to combine Chris-Craft and Tribune Broadcasting's station interests in the proposal to merge the networks, since the two companies' station portfolios overlapped with one another in several major markets. Executives from CBS and Time Warner announced on January 24, 2006, that they would respectively shut down UPN and The WB, and combine resources to form a new broadcast network, to be known as The CW Television Network, that would – at the outset – feature programming from both of its predecessors-to-be as well as new content developed specifically for the new network. CBS chairman Leslie Moonves explained that the name of the new network was formed from the first letters of CBS and Warner Bros, joking, "We couldn't call it the WC for obvious reasons." Although some executives reportedly disliked the new name, Moonves stated in March 2006 that there was "zero chance" the name would change, citing research claiming 48% of the target demographic were already aware of the CW name. In May 2006, The CW announced that it would pick up a combined thirteen programs from its two predecessors to air as part of the network's inaugural fall schedule: seven series held over from The WB (7th Heaven, Beauty and the Geek, Gilmore Girls, One Tree Hill, Reba, Smallville and Supernatural) and six held over from UPN (America's Next Top Model, Veronica Mars, Everybody Hates Chris, Girlfriends, All of Us and WWE SmackDown). Upon the network's launch, The CW chose to use the scheduling model utilized by The WB due in part to the fact that it had a more extensive base programming schedule than UPN, allowing for a larger total of weekly programming hours for the new network to fill. (The WB carried 30 hours of programming each week because it had a children's program block and a daytime lineup that UPN did not offer; UPN was primarily a prime time-only network with 12 weekly hours of network programming at the time of the network's shutdown.) 2006–2011: Launch and early struggles Like both UPN and The WB, The CW targets its programming towards younger audiences. CBS and Time Warner hoped that combining their networks' schedules and affiliate lineups would strengthen The CW into a fifth "major" broadcast network. One week before the network's official launch, on September 11, 2006, a new, full version of the network website was launched; the website began to feature more in-depth information about The CW's shows. The CW launched with a premiere special / launch party from the CBS-produced Entertainment Tonight at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California on September 18, 2006, after a repeat of the tenth-season finale of 7th Heaven; the same schedule was repeated on September 19, with the sixth-season finale of Gilmore Girls airing in the second hour of prime time. The network continued to air season finales from the previous season through the remainder of the first week, except for America's Next Top Model and WWE SmackDown, which respectively began their new seasons on September 20 and 22, with two-hour premieres. When Top Model made its network premiere on September 20, 2006, The CW scored a 3.4 rating/5 share (with hourly ratings of 3.1/5 and 3.6/6; The CW placed fifth overall) in the Nielsen household ratings. It scored a 2.6 rating among adults 18–49, finishing fourth in that age demographic and beating the 2.2 rating earned by Fox on that night. The network's second week consisted of season and series premieres for all of its other series from September 25 to October 1, with the exception of Veronica Mars, which debuted its third season on October 3. Despite having several of the most popular programs carried over from UPN and The WB as part of its schedule, The CW – even though it experienced some success with newer programs that launched in subsequent seasons which became modest hits – largely struggled to gain an audience foothold throughout its first five years on the air. Because of declining viewership for the network during the 2007–08 season and effects from the Writers Guild of America strike, the network announced on March 4, 2008, that it would eliminate its comedy department (dismissing executive vice president of comedy Kim Fleary and senior vice president of comedy Steve Veisel), while also combining its drama and current programming departments into a single scripted programming unit. The corporate restructuring resulted in the layoffs of approximately 25 to 30 employees. It also included the elimination of certain positions, other newly opened positions being left unfilled, layoffs from the Kids' WB unit (as the block was set to be replaced by The CW4Kids on May 24), and the elimination and transfer of marketing positions at The CW Plus to the network's marketing department. On May 9, 2008, The CW announced that it would lease its Sunday lineup (then running from 5:00 to 10:00p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time) to production company Media Rights Capital (MRC). As Sundays have historically been a low-rated night for the network during its first two seasons on the air (due to stiff competition from CBS, ABC and Fox's strong Sunday lineups, and complicated further by NBC's acquisition of Sunday Night Football in September 2006, shortly before The CW debuted), the move allowed The CW to concentrate on its Monday through Saturday prime time schedule, while giving MRC the right to develop and schedule programs of its own choosing and reap advertising revenue generated by the lineup. The Sunday series that were scheduled – two reality series (4Real and In Harm's Way) and two scripted series (romantic dramedy Valentine and drama Easy Money) – performed poorly in the ratings (averaging only 1.04 million viewers), prompting The CW to scrap its agreement with MRC and program Sunday nights on its own starting on November 30, 2008. With no first-run programming available to run on Sundays as a backup, the network added reruns of The Drew Carey Show and Jericho, and movies to replace the MRC-produced programs. One of the shows carried over to the network from UPN, WWE Friday Night SmackDown, ended its run on The CW after the September 26, 2008, episode due to negotiations ending between the WWE and The CW on renewing the program. Representatives for The CW later confirmed that it had chosen not to continue carrying SmackDown because the network had redefined its target audience as exclusively females 18 to 34 years old, whereas Smackdown targeted a predominantly male audience. Following Smackdowns move to MyNetworkTV that same season, the Fox-owned network (which launched the same month as The CW's debut, albeit two weeks earlier, on September 5, 2006) began beating The CW in the Friday ratings every week from that program's debut on the network, though The CW continued to beat MyNetworkTV overall. The CW generally struggled in the Nielsen ratings from its inception, primarily placing fifth in all statistics tabulated by Nielsen (total audience viewership and demographic ratings). On several occasions, The CW was even outrated by the Spanish language network Univision. This led to speculation within the industry (including a May 16, 2008 article in The Wall Street Journal) that CBS, Time Warner or both companies might abandon the venture if ratings did not improve. However, The CW's fortunes were buoyed in the 2008–09 and 2009–10 television seasons thanks to increased ratings among females in the 18–34 demographic and the buzz that some of its newer series (such as Gossip Girl, 90210 and The Vampire Diaries) had generated with audiences. Executives with CBS Corporation and Time Warner also emphasized their commitment to the network. On May 5, 2009, The CW announced that it would give the five hours of network time on Sundays back to its affiliated stations that fall, effectively becoming a weeknight-only network in prime time, in addition to The CW Daytime and The CW4Kids blocks (the latter block, airing on Saturday mornings, would remain the only weekend programming supplied by the network). This change meant the Sunday late afternoon repeat block that The CW inherited from The WB (formerly branded by that network as "EasyView") was discontinued. Subsequently, in mid-May, 65% of The CW's affiliates, including those carrying The CW Plus, signed agreements to continue to air the replacement MGM Showcase movie package on Sundays, which was offered as a traditional syndicated film package meant for The CW's former prime time slot on that night. 2011–2016: New leadership and content shift On April 28, 2011, Mark Pedowitz was appointed by the network to succeed original president of entertainment Dawn Ostroff; Pedowitz was made the network's first president and assumed broader responsibilities in The CW's business operations than Ostroff had. As president of entertainment, Ostroff oversaw entertainment operations while John Maatta, the network's chief operating officer, handled business affairs; both reported to a board composed of CBS and Warner Bros. executives. Maatta began reporting to Pedowitz as a result of the latter's appointment as network president. Pedowitz revealed that the core target demographic of the network would not change, though The CW would attempt to lure new viewers. Pedowitz began looking to bring comedies back to The CW after Ostroff had publicly declared that the difficulty of developing comedies for its target demographic was the reason for their removal from the network following the 2008–09 season (with Everybody Hates Chris, and The Game – a spin-off of Girlfriends – becoming the last comedies to be cancelled). The network also ordered more episodes of its original series and ran them consecutively starting on September 12 through the first week of December without repeats. In July 2012, Pedowitz no longer referred to the target demographic of The CW as women 18–34, but rather that it would now be an "18–34 adult network". The introduction of action-superhero series Arrow, based on DC Comics' Green Arrow, received favorable reviews from critics and became a hit with audiences when it premiered. As evidence of the network's refocusing toward a broader audience, Arrow not only premiered to some of the highest viewership totals in the network's history (the third-highest overall , behind the series premieres of The Vampire Diaries and The Flash), but it also gave the network its strongest performance in the demographic of males 18–34 since Smallville ended its run in May 2011. The strength of Arrow, combined with the stability of The Vampire Diaries and a rejuvenated Supernatural, gave The CW a much-needed win. The network also found success with its summer programming in 2013 with the revival of the U.S. version of the improv comedy series Whose Line Is It Anyway?, which later became part of the network's fall-to-spring schedule. The introduction of Vampire Diaries spin-off The Originals successfully extended that franchise and contributed to the network's momentum. Arrow continued to perform strongly, leading to a spin-off of its own with The Flash, which surpassed The Vampire Diaries as the highest-rated premiere in the network's history and became the most-watched show on the network. Jane the Virgin earned some of the highest critical praise of any series during the 2014–15 television season, and became the first CW series ever to be nominated for, and win, a Golden Globe Award, with lead actress Gina Rodriguez winning the Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Comedy or Variety Series". Overall, the network ended the 2014–15 season posting its highest average total viewership in a single television season since 2007–08 with 2.15 million viewers, a 12% increase in total viewership year-to-year; The CW also posted its highest seasonal demographic ratings among males ages 18–49 with a 0.8 share. Expanding on the success of the network's DC Comics franchise, Arrow/Flash spin-off DC's Legends of Tomorrow premiered to high ratings for the network and became the most-watched show on the network's Thursday night block in two years. The 2015–16 season also saw Crazy Ex-Girlfriend become one of the most critically acclaimed shows of the season and the second show on the network to be nominated for, and win, a Golden Globe Award, with actress Rachel Bloom winning a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress in a Comedy or Variety Series". 2016–present: Brand identity and reliance on existing properties The network's DC Comics lineup expanded again with Supergirl being moved to the network from CBS for its second season. The debut of Archie Comics-based Riverdale signaled the network's foray into using preexisting media properties in hopes of creating new television series with built-in brand awareness. This strategy led to another new DC Comics entry, Black Lightning, and a rebooted Dynasty. While it met with poor ratings, Dynasty proved lucrative thanks to off-network streaming deals struck based on the strong appeal of the brand. On February 14, 2018, The CW announced that it would add a 2-hour primetime block on Sunday nights beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, returning the network to Sundays for the first time since the lease to Media Rights Capital ended in 2009, as well as expanding The CW's primetime slate from 10 hours a week to 12. Discussions with CBS and Warner Bros. about the expansion began as early as July 2017; both gave their approval to the move that December, with the network reaching clearance deals with key affiliate partners in early 2018. On June 12, 2018, AT&T received antitrust approval to acquire Warner Bros. parent Time Warner, with the acquisition closing two days later. Time Warner was renamed WarnerMedia and AT&T became a co-owner of The CW with CBS. The mining of intellectual property continued with the network debuting reboots of Charmed, Roswell, and Originals spin-off Legacies during the 2018–19 season. Despite modest ratings, their renewals – along with the renewal of the entire 2018–19 CW lineup (absent those series already previously announced as ending) – reflected the value of their brands as assets to network co-owners CBS and Warner Bros., which own the underlying intellectual properties of all the series and receive the windfall of selling them to off-network buyers. This strategy continued with the premieres of the new DC Comics series Batwoman, Riverdale spin-off Katy Keene, and Nancy Drew. On August 13, 2019, CBS and Viacom officially announced their intention to re-merge, with the combined company to be named ViacomCBS. The merger was completed on December 4, 2019. Programming Network programming and scheduling The CW airs its prime time programming for only two hours on Sunday through Friday evenings, compared to the three hours on Monday through Saturdays and four hours on Sunday nights programmed by the three longest-established networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC. This "common prime" scheduling (which was originated by Fox when it launched its primetime schedule in April 1987, and later adopted by CW predecessors The WB and UPN when they launched in January 1995) allows the option for affiliates to air either a local newscast, syndicated programming or both during the 10:00–11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) time period. As with The WB and UPN, The CW does not run network programming on Saturday nights – even though it maintains a syndicated children's program block on Saturday mornings – allowing affiliates to run syndicated programs, sports, movies or network programs that were preempted from earlier in the week because of special programming carried by the station, in the 8:00–10:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific) time period (MyNetworkTV also does not carry any weekend prime time programming, having turned network time on Saturday evenings over to its affiliates in March 2007). The CW is also tied with NBC (if its morning news program Today is not counted) for the fewest daytime hours programmed by any of the major broadcast networks, running only one hour of programming each weekday afternoon (compared to 4 daytime hours on CBS and three hours on ABC). The CW, unlike the "Big Four" broadcast networks, also does not air any national newscasts, network-supplied sports, or late-night programming. Because of these factors, The CW's affiliates handle the responsibility of programming non-network time periods, with the majority of its stations filling those slots mainly with syndicated programming. However, some of the network's affiliates broadcast their own local news and/or sports programs (either produced by the station itself or through outsourcing agreements with an affiliate of another network). Many affiliates also carry telecasts of basketball, football and in some cases, other collegiate sporting events (such as baseball or hockey) that are produced by syndicators such as American Sports Network and Raycom Sports, while a few carry games from local teams of major professional sports leagues such as Major League Baseball and the NBA. The CW currently provides 20 hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week, over the course of seven days. The network provides twelve hours of prime time programming to its owned-and-operated and affiliated stations on Sunday through Fridays from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time. Outside of prime time, an hour of daytime programming is also offered Monday through Fridays from 3:00 to 4:00 p.m. in all time zones, in the form of tabloid talk show The Jerry Springer Show (though a few affiliates – such as WPIX in New York City, KDAF in Dallas-Fort Worth, KPXJ in Shreveport and WCCB in Charlotte – carry the show earlier in the afternoon); also, a three-hour educational programming block called "One Magnificent Morning" (which airs as part of the CW schedule through a time-lease agreement with Litton Entertainment) airs on Saturday mornings from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. in all time zones. The weekday daytime hour provided by the network and the Litton-produced Saturday morning block (the latter of which is subject to scheduling variances similar to the weekday hour in some markets, such as in Atlanta and San Diego) are designed to be tape delayed and are therefore recommended to air in the same time slot in all time zones, though both are broadcast one hour earlier on affiliates of The CW Plus in the Central, Mountain and Alaska Time Zones. In Guam, CW Plus affiliate KTKB-LD in Hagåtña airs the CW schedule day and date on a one-day tape delay from its initial broadcast because of the time difference between Guam and the continental United States as the island is on the west side of the International Date Line. As of 2019, Supernatural (which originally aired on The WB) is the only CW series carried over from either of the network's respective predecessors that continues to be broadcast on the network. The CW formerly aired short segments during commercial breaks within certain episodes of its programs known as "Content Wraps" – a play on the network's name – in order to advertise one company's product during part or the entirety of a commercial break. The entertainment magazine series CW Now was inspired in part by the success of the Content Wraps as it was intended to be a series with product placement; the program was cancelled in 2008, after a single 23-episode season. For the 2006–07 season, The CW reached an agreement with American Eagle Outfitters to incorporate tie-ins with the company's aerie clothing line as part of the Content Wrap concept within the network's Tuesday night schedule, which included subjects in the commercials commenting on plot points in each of the shows. The agreement was cut down to regular advertising in February 2007, after a fan backlash by viewers of both shows and general criticism of the campaign. News programming The CW does not produce any national news content, and the majority of its affiliates do not have their own autonomous news operations. The network currently has only four affiliates that produce their own local news programming, all of which were carry-overs from previous affiliations: WPIX in New York City and KTLA in Los Angeles started their news departments as independent stations and/or during early affiliations with other networks including DuMont; WCCB in Charlotte, North Carolina started its news operation as a Fox affiliate; and WISH-TV in Indianapolis (which became a CW affiliate on January 1, 2015) started its news operation as an ABC affiliate before affiliating with CBS in 1956. KTLA has the largest number of weekly hours devoted to local news programming of any CW affiliate with 78¾ hours of scheduled news each week. Eight other CW-affiliated stations maintained in-house news operations, but have since disaffiliated from the network or discontinued in-house production: WGN-TV in Chicago has maintained a news department since it launched as a CBS affiliate in 1948; the station – which, along with sister stations KTLA and WPIX, transitioned into a news-intensive outlet during its tenures with The WB and The CW – retains a news-heavy format after disaffiliating from the network in September 2016; Under Tribune Broadcasting ownership, WLVI in Boston produced an in-house 10:00 p.m. newscast, which was replaced in December 2006 with one produced by then-NBC affiliate (now independent) WHDH, after Tribune sold WLVI to that station's longtime owner Sunbeam Television; XETV-TDT in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico (serving the San Diego market) retained the news department it launched in 1999 as a Fox affiliate when it joined The CW in August 2008; XETV's news department shut down on March 31, 2017, following the earlier announcement that the CW affiliation in San Diego would move to a subchannel of CBS affiliate KFMB-TV. In April 2012, KCWI-TV in Des Moines, Iowa broadcast a morning news and talk program, which transitioned from an in-house production to a brand extension during Good Morning America of ABC affiliate WOI-DT's morning newscast on April 11, 2016, as a result of Nexstar Broadcasting's acquisition of KCWI. For several years, WDCW in Washington, D.C. used reporters from Tribune's local bureau and anchors based from the studios of sister CBS station WTVR in Richmond, Virginia, and KDAF in Dallas, KIAH in Houston and WSFL-TV in Miami used non-traditional formats (in the form of a newsreel-style program known as NewsFix, along with the morning show Morning Dose; both KDAF and KIAH had previously produced more traditional newscasts, launched during their WB affiliations, earlier in their tenures with The CW). These programs were all canceled in September 2018, a result of budget cuts within Tribune, along with the termination of Tribune's attempted merger with Sinclair Broadcast Group. since 2018, KIAH and KDAF have started producing their morning newscast: KIAH's entry is entitled Morning Dose, and KDAF began a partnership with Urban One to simulcast a portion of the morning radio show of KBFB. News programming on CW affiliates – if the station carries any – is often outsourced to another major network affiliate in the market, especially if they are operated as part of a duopoly or management agreement, such as Nexstar Media Group's respective CW-Fox duopolies of KWGN-TV/KDVR in Denver and KPLR-TV/KTVI in St. Louis (the Fox stations in both duopolies – KDVR and KTVI – were formerly owned by Local TV, with Tribune-owned KWGN and KPLR respectively consolidating with those stations through local marketing agreements formed as part of a wider partnership involving Local TV, which Tribune bought outright in 2013); Evansville, Indiana affiliate WTVW (which joined The CW in January 2013) and ABC affiliate WEHT (a virtual duopoly formed through Nexstar Broadcasting Group's 2011 purchase of WEHT and trade of WTVW to partner group Mission Broadcasting); and the CW-CBS O&O duopoly of KMAX-TV/KOVR in Sacramento (the former of which has produced a morning newscast, Good Day Sacramento, since it was a UPN owned-and-operated station, and – despite the two becoming a duopoly in 2005 – has remained separate from a more traditional morning show on KOVR pre-CBS This Morning, which produces KMAX's evening newscast). The scheduling of news programming on The CW's affiliates often mirrors that of Fox stations, with morning newscasts (designed to compete with the national morning shows on ABC, CBS and NBC within the 7:00–9:00 a.m. timeslot; in duopolies, these are typically an extension of a sister station's morning newscast) and a prime time newscast within the 10:00–11:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific (9:00–10:00 p.m. Central/Mountain) time slot. Rarely (but more common on the few major-market CW affiliates with in-house news departments), they may also include midday and/or early evening newscasts, including the network newscast slot of 6:30 p.m. ET/5:30 p.m. CT. Children's programming On September 23, 2006, the Kids' WB children's programming block – which originated on The WB in September 1995 and continued to be produced by Warner Bros. Television – was carried over to The CW as part of its inaugural programming lineup; although the network on which it originated ceased operations the week before, the "Kids' WB" branding was retained for the block. On October 2, 2007, through a joint decision between corporate parents Warner Bros. Television and CBS Corporation, The CW announced that it would discontinue the Kids' WB block due to competition from cable channels aimed at the demographic (such as Cartoon Network, which carried many series shared with the block and vice versa, Nickelodeon and Disney Channel), as well as the effects of children's advertising limits, and would sell the programming rights to the network's Saturday morning block to 4Kids Entertainment (which at the time of the announcement, had produced a competing children's programming block, 4Kids TV, for Fox). Kids' WB ended its run on May 17, 2008 (though some CW affiliates that delayed the block to Sundays, such as Atlanta O&O WUPA, aired the block for the last time on May 18). The following week on May 24, 4Kids took over responsibility for The CW's Saturday morning children's lineup, with the debut of a new block called The CW4Kids. The block's lineup initially consisted mostly of programs carried over from Kids' WB, before eventually adding 4Kids-produced shows such as Chaotic as well as new seasons of Yu-Gi-Oh! and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The block was rebranded into Toonzai on August 14, 2010 (though The CW4Kids name was retained as a sub-brand to fulfill branding obligations that the network had to comply with per 4Kids Entertainment's contract to lease The CW's Saturday morning timeslots); Toonzai ended its run on August 18, 2012. On July 3, 2012, Saban Brands and Kidsco Media Ventures, affiliates of Saban Capital Group, entered into an agreement to program the five-hour Saturday morning time slot with a new action-adventure and comedy programming block for The CW. TheCW4Kids/Toonzai was replaced by Vortexx on August 25, 2012, featuring programs such as Power Rangers Lost Galaxy and WWE Saturday Morning Slam, the latter of which marked the return of WWE programming to the network since WWE Smackdown moved to MyNetworkTV in 2008. On June 5, 2014, The CW announced an agreement with Litton Entertainment to program a block of live-action series designed to comply with the FCC's educational programming guidelines. Vortexx (which was the last remaining non-educational children's block on the major U.S. broadcast networks) was replaced by One Magnificent Morning on October 4, 2014. The block features a mix of wildlife and lifestyle-themed programs, similar in vein to those featured on the Litton-produced blocks aired by ABC and CW sister network CBS (one of its initial programs, Expedition Wild, was moved over to "One Magnificent Morning" from the ABC block; while one of the CW block's early entries, Rock the Park, moved to "Litton's Weekend Adventure" after one season). On January 7, 2016, The CW and Litton announced a five-year renewal for the block, extending it through the 2020–21 broadcast season. Starting with the 2017–18 broadcast season, the block's running time was reduced to three hours and began airing from 8:00am to 11:00am. The CW returned the two hours of reclaimed time to the affiliates. Stations The CW has eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 220 additional television stations encompassing 51 states, the District of Columbia and three U.S. possessions. Counting only conventional CW affiliates and over-the-air affiliates of The CW Plus, the network has an estimated combined national reach of 100% of all households in the United States (or 330,866,316 Americans with at least one television set); this makes The CW the largest U.S. broadcast network by population reach percentage. Since January 2016, three U.S. states (Delaware, New Hampshire, and New Jersey) lack a locally licensed CW affiliate, largely due to a lack of a need for a local affiliate as those states are located within the broadcast ranges of stations in nearby states. Delaware is served by Philadelphia O&O WPSG and Salisbury, Maryland affiliate WMDT-DT2, while New Hampshire is served by three CW stations based in surrounding states (including Boston affiliate WLVI). New Jersey is served by WPSG and New York City affiliate WPIX. As a newer broadcast network, The CW maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Reno, Nevada (KRNS-CD) and Boise, Idaho (KYUU-LD). In some markets, including both of those mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station. The CW also maintains a sizeable number of subchannel-only affiliations, the majority of which are with stations in cities located outside of the 50 largest Nielsen-designated markets and receive the network's programming via The CW Plus; the largest subchannel-only CW affiliate by market size, as of May 31, 2017, is KFMB-TV DT2 in San Diego, California. Currently, the Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of CW stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 25 CW-affiliated stations, nine subchannel-only affiliates and one cable-only affiliate, covering 17% of all U.S. television markets; Nexstar Media Group is the largest operator of CW stations in terms of overall market reach, owning or providing services to 28 CW stations (including its largest affiliates in Los Angeles), covering 28% of the U.S. Overview On the day of the network launch announcement, The CW immediately announced it had reached ten-year affiliation agreements with Tribune Broadcasting and CBS Television Stations. Tribune originally committed 16 stations that were previously affiliated with The WB (including its flagship broadcast stations WGN-TV in Chicago, KTLA in Los Angeles and WPIX in New York City; another committed station, KSWB-TV in San Diego, joined Fox in August 2008, and two others, WLVI-TV in Boston and WCWN in Albany, New York were respectively sold by Tribune to Sunbeam Television and Freedom Communications shortly after the network launched), while CBS committed 11 of its UPN stations (including WKBD in Detroit, WPSG in Philadelphia, KBHK-TV (now KBCW) in San Francisco and WUPA in Atlanta). These stations combined to reach 48% of all television households in the United States. Both companies also owned several UPN and WB-affiliated stations that did not join The CW in overlapping markets (such as Seattle, Philadelphia and Dallas). As part of its affiliation agreement with the network, the Tribune Company agreed to divest its ownership interest in The WB (a move it made partly to avoid shouldering shutdown costs for The WB) and did not acquire an equity stake in The CW. The network stated that it would eventually reach 95% of all U.S. television households. In markets where separate affiliates of both UPN and The WB operated, only one station became a CW affiliate. Executives were on record as preferring the "strongest" stations among The WB and UPN's existing affiliates. As one example, the new network's first affiliate outside the core group of Tribune and CBS-owned stations, WJZY in Charlotte (which was later acquired by Fox Television Stations and converted into a Fox O&O in July 2013), was tied with Atlanta O&O WUPA as UPN's fifth highest-rated station. In most cases, it was obvious where the new network would affiliate; there were only a few markets (such as Philadelphia, Miami–Fort Lauderdale, Boston, Charlotte, and Atlanta) where the WB and UPN affiliates were both relatively strong in terms of local overall viewership. For example, one of the earliest affiliates to be announced outside the core group, WKCF in Orlando, Florida, had not only been The WB's highest-rated affiliate for the virtual entirety of that network's run, but had also been the fourth highest-rated television station in Central Florida. Nearly all of The CW's affiliates were formerly affiliated with UPN or The WB, with very few having been independent stations or affiliates of other networks prior to joining the network; a notable exception was Las Vegas affiliate KVCW, which had been a fairly successful independent before joining The CW. Although it was generally understood that The CW was a merger of UPN and The WB, the new network's creation was not structured as a merger in the legal sense. Rather, it was one new network launching at the same time that two others shut down, although it did assume certain programming content, operations, and management from its predecessors. As such, The CW was not obligated by existing affiliations with The WB and UPN; it had to negotiate from scratch with individual stations. As a result, in several markets, the CW affiliation is on a local station different from either the former WB and UPN stations (for example, the CW affiliation in Las Vegas ended up on KVCW, instead of former WB affiliate KVMY or now-defunct former UPN affiliate KTUD-CA). The network has also affiliated with some digital subchannels, usually those launched by a local Big Four affiliate as a new service, in several other markets – especially if fewer than six commercial television stations existed at the time of affiliation, requiring The CW to carry its programming on a subchannel by default (for example, The CW opted to affiliate with a subchannel of WKRC-TV in Cincinnati – which has only five commercial full-power stations – instead of former WB affiliate WSTR-TV, which instead became an affiliate of MyNetworkTV). Because of the availability of "instant duopoly" digital subchannels that will likely be easily available on cable and satellite, and the overall lack of a need to settle for a secondary affiliation with shows aired in problematic timeslots that would subject the timeshifted programs to lower average viewership in certain markets, both The CW and MyNetworkTV launched with far greater national coverage than that enjoyed by UPN and The WB when they both launched in January 1995. UPN, for several years, had affiliation gaps in the top 30 markets, and by 2005 managed to cover only 86% of the country. This resulted in secondary affiliations with other networks and the resulting diluted ratings when programs were shown out of their intended timeslots, or the lack of the program airing at all (a problem experienced by many fans of the Star Trek franchise with Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise). Launch repercussions The announcement of The CW caused the largest single shakeup in U.S. broadcast television since the affiliation alliance between Fox and New World Communications in 1994 (as well as a separate alliance with Burnham Broadcasting that began a year later) and the subsequent launches of UPN and The WB the following year. While The CW's debut affected more markets, it likely did not cause the same degree of viewer confusion, as no affiliates of the four major networks dropped those affiliations to join The CW (some "Big Four" affiliations did change at this time, but for unrelated reasons). The WB and UPN were the first major television networks to shut down since the collapse of the DuMont Television Network in August 1955, although other small broadcast television networks have also ceased operations over the years. It became clear that Fox Television Stations, which purchased several UPN-affiliated stations from that network's former co-owner Chris-Craft Industries in 2002, would be affected. Its UPN affiliates in five major markets (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, D.C. and Houston) did not receive affiliations with The CW, due to the agreement with Tribune, and Fox made it clear it would not even seek carriage of the network for its UPN stations in four other markets. All network logos and references were quickly removed from Fox's UPN stations. Shortly thereafter, Fox parent News Corporation (which spun off its American media and entertainment properties into 21st Century Fox as part of the company's July 2013 corporate separation) announced that it would launch MyNetworkTV, a programming service meant to fill the two nightly prime time hours that UPN would vacate on the network's Fox-owned affiliates after The CW launched. Fox also offered the service to stations owned by other broadcasting groups. In markets where The WB and UPN were carried on separate stations, one of the two local outlets was left out in the merger; most of the stations that did not join The CW had signed affiliation agreements with MyNetworkTV instead, while others elected to become independent stations. Some stations (mainly digital subchannels, some cable channels that were formerly part of The WB 100+ Station Group, and struggling low-power stations) which did not affiliate with either network opted instead to shut down permanently. Affiliate distribution Like its predecessors UPN and by technicality, The WB (as none of Tribune Broadcasting's WB stations were considered to be O&Os since Time Warner held majority ownership of that network), The CW does not have owned-and-operated stations in any of the three largest U.S. television markets – New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago. The network's largest owned-and-operated station is CBS-owned WPSG in Philadelphia, which also became UPN's largest O&O after Chris-Craft Industries (which sold most of its UPN stations, including its affiliates in New York City and Los Angeles, to Fox Television Stations in 2001) had its ownership stake in that network acquired by Viacom in March 2000 (neither UPN nor the DuMont Television Network had an O&O in Chicago at all; a similar situation arose with DuMont's O&O in Los Angeles, present-day CW affiliate KTLA – which had disaffiliated from the network in 1948 shortly after the FCC ruled that it and WDTV in Pittsburgh (now KDKA-TV, a CW corporate cousin through CBS Corporation), to be O&Os through their then-owner Paramount Pictures' voting stock interest in DuMont). Due to factors including Tribune Broadcasting's decision not to have an ownership stake in The CW, subsequent affiliation changes, and Tribune's 2019 sale to Nexstar Media Group with accompanying divestments, The CW's stations in the three respective top markets (WPIX, KTLA and WCIU) are actually affiliates of the network; CBS Corporation owns secondary stations – both independents – in two of the three markets, KCAL-TV in Los Angeles and WLNY-TV in the New York City market (however, while KCAL was owned by CBS at the network's launch, WLNY was not acquired by CBS until 2011; neither station carries CW programming, though, because of the network's affiliation deals with formerly Tribune-owned stations in those markets, and in the latter case, WLNY's over-the-air signal does not serve the entire New York City market – resulting in most residents in the metropolitan area receiving the station mainly through cable or satellite – due to being licensed to the Long Island community of Riverhead, restricting its transmitter from being located more than from its city of license under FCC regulations). Unlike with The WB and UPN (the latter network's founding owners, Chris-Craft and Viacom, both had their own station groups that formed UPN's core stations at its launch), only one of The CW's co-owners – CBS Corporation – maintains ownership of the network's owned-and-operated stations (since the summer 2017 sale of WPCH-TV/Atlanta, WarnerMedia holds no over-the-air assets whatsoever). KTLA was retained by Nexstar after the Tribune acquisition, while WPIX was sold to the E. W. Scripps Company. Weigel Broadcasting-owned WCIU became a CW affiliate in 2019, picking up from Fox Television Stations-owned WPWR, who had gained the affiliation from then Tribune-owned WGN in 2016. Digital multicasting and cable television Unlike the other major networks, The CW distributes its programming in small and certain mid-sized markets throughout the United States (generally those ranked among the bottom 110 Nielsen media markets) through The CW Plus, a separate national feed that is carried on a mixture of full-power and low-power stations in some markets, and cable-only outlets and digital subchannel affiliations on major network stations in markets that do not have enough commercial stations to support a standalone CW affiliate (several of The CW Plus's digital subchannel outlets originally operated as cable-only affiliates at the network's launch). The service offers its own master schedule of syndicated and brokered programming acquired by the network (including some feature films and infomercials) during non-network programming hours, although some CW Plus affiliates may also run local newscasts produced by a major network affiliate. CW predecessor The WB previously had two cable-only affiliate outlets: WGN America, the national superstation feed of WGN-TV at the time, from January 1995 to October 1999 and network-operated The WB 100+ Station Group (the direct predecessor to The CW Plus), which was formed in September 1998 and had several of its cable-only outlets join The CW Plus at the CW network's launch. Not all of the network's cable-only affiliates were CW Plus outlets, WT05 in Toledo, Ohio offered its own schedule of syndicated programs during non-network hours that was programmed by its then-owner Block Communications, which also operates that market's major cable provider Buckeye CableSystem (WT05 now exists as "CW13," having been converted into a digital subchannel of Gray Television-owned ABC affiliate WTVG in October 2014). Though The CW is the only network with a station group that includes cable-only outlets, it is actually one of only three networks that have had cable-only stations within its affiliate body (ABC formerly had a cable-only affiliate in Winchester, Virginia-based TV3 Winchester until Gray shut the channel down in December 2013). Station standardization When The CW launched in September 2006, the network began branding most of its affiliates using a combination of "CW" or "The CW", and at the affiliate's choice, either the station's channel number (for example, Nashville affiliate WNAB is branded as "CW58" and Seattle O&O KSTW brands as "CW11") or the name of the city or region it serves. Examples of the latter include Philadelphia O&O WPSG (known as "The CW Philly 57" as an homage to its prior branding as an independent station), WLVI (known at launch as "Boston's CW", though it rebranded to "CW56" after being sold to Sunbeam Television), WUPA (known as "CW Atlanta" at launch, but is now known as "CW69"), Waco, Texas subchannel affiliate KWTX-DT2 (known as "CW Texas") and KVCW (branded as "CW Las Vegas"). Some stations also use the call sign either within the station logo, in on-air identification or both; examples include WNLO/Buffalo, New York and WWHO/Columbus, Ohio (WBNX/Cleveland formerly also did so until their affiliation was terminated in July 2018). In Omaha, Nebraska, KXVO uses the dual brandings of "CW15" and "Omaha's CW". In Honolulu, Hawaii, KHON-DT2 was originally branded as "Hawaii's CW 93" (the "93" refers to the subchannel's cable channel position on Oceanic Time Warner Cable), before it was shortened to "Hawaii's CW" in September 2014. The branding once used by WKRC-DT2/Cincinnati, Ohio was "CinCW", a portmanteau with the common nickname for the city, "Cincy" (it now brands as "The CW Cincinnati"). With the exceptions of WXCW/Fort Myers and (to a somewhat lesser extent) XETV/San Diego, all CW affiliates not owned by Nexstar usually brand themselves using a version of the network logo. Mobile, Alabama CW affiliate WBPG, then known as "The Gulf Coast's CW" changed its call letters to WFNA in December 2009 and used a similar approach around their new call letters, before becoming known as "CW 55" in September 2012 and adopting a style reflective of The CW's branding techniques once again. For one year in 2016, WVTV in Milwaukee and a dual branding of "Super 18, The CW", bringing back its pre-WB branding; it eventually returned to "CW 18" in the fall of 2017 due to its owner, Sinclair Broadcast Group, wanting to hub the same branding and network/programming promotions across all their CW affiliates. WISH-TV in Indianapolis, as it had during its CBS affiliation, continues to brand solely with its channel number and calls as "WISH-TV 8", with "The CW" appended where appropriate, usually only in print and radio advertising. Affiliate issues Problems with Time Warner Cable Some Time Warner Cable subscribers around the country were unable to watch CW programming when the network debuted, as stations in several markets were not able to reach carriage deals with the provider to distribute the local affiliates. In markets like Charleston, South Carolina; El Paso, Texas; Honolulu, Hawaii; Palm Springs, California; Beaumont; Waco and Corpus Christi, Texas, where The CW is broadcast on a digital subchannel of one of the market's major network affiliates, there were unsuccessful attempts in getting Time Warner Cable to carry the subchannel affiliates (CW co-parent Time Warner had owned Time Warner Cable until it spun off the provider into a separate company in 2009). Some affiliates eventually signed carriage deals with Time Warner Cable, but not all of the CW affiliates received carriage on the provider's basic cable tiers (for example, Syracuse, New York affiliate WSTQ-LP can only be viewed on digital cable channel 266 in the Ithaca market). Currently, the largest market without a known affiliate is the Johnstown–Altoona market, whose closest CW station is CBS-owned WPCW/Pittsburgh, which is carried on TWC's Johnstown and Altoona area systems; WPCW was originally targeted to serve that area before it refocused its programming toward the Pittsburgh market in the late 1990s. On February 2, 2007, Beaumont, Texas CBS station KFDM made its CW-affiliated subchannel available to Time Warner Cable customers in the market on channel 10. On April 20, 2007, ABC affiliate KVIA-TV in El Paso, Texas began broadcasting its CW-affiliated subchannel on Time Warner Cable channel 13. On April 21, 2007, KCWQ-LP made its broadcast debut on channel 5 on Time Warner Cable in the Palm Springs area. Pappas Telecasting bankruptcy One of the network's major affiliate groups, Pappas Telecasting Companies, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy for thirteen of its television stations on May 10, 2008. Within the petition, Pappas specifically cited the network's low ratings and lackluster performance as one of many complications that had forced it to make the filing. Several of the stations have since been sold either in business transactions with representatives involved in Pappas's bankruptcy proceedings or via station auction processes as the company winds down operations. Although Pappas had originally stated that none of its stations would be affected at all by the closing, two stations owned by the company that were formerly affiliated with The CW have ceased operations. On May 29, 2008, Yakima, Washington affiliate KCWK (which served the south-central portion of that state) shut down and the station's offices were closed, leaving that area without locally based CW programming and forcing pay television providers to carry Los Angeles affiliate KTLA in order to provide the network's programming to their subscribers. The situation was resolved in April 2009, when Fisher Communications announced that its CBS affiliates in the area, KIMA-TV and satellite station KEPR-TV, would carry the network through DTT subchannel affiliations. Subsequently, WLGA in Columbus, Georgia lost its CW affiliation in April 2009 to a subchannel of NBC affiliate WLTZ because of the network's concerns about Pappas' financial state; WLGA ultimately ceased operations in June 2010 as it was unable to compete in the market as an independent station; it later resumed operations in August 2012, as an affiliate of WeatherNation TV (it is now an Antenna TV affiliate). Marianas Media bankruptcy Marianas Media signed on KTKB-LD in Hagåtña, Guam as a CW affiliate on April 20, 2009, becoming the U.S. territory's fifth commercial television outlet. However, competition from other stations in the island combined with financial problems at the Marianas, which was running the station under a local marketing agreement with the troubled KM Communications Inc., forced the station off the air on March 31, 2011. The station resumed operations the following year. Tribune's relations with The CW While Tribune Media had solid affiliation deals with The CW on several of its stations, it also maintained a strong affiliation alliance with Fox. But with new management and ownership taking over Tribune in 2008, it was apparent that the company would switch one of its CW-affiliated stations to Fox (at least those in markets without a Fox owned-and-operated station or a former O&O that was acquired by Local TV, which Tribune later acquired in 2013), adding to more questions surrounding The CW's future. In a March 2008 seminar by Tribune's then-chairman and CEO Sam Zell, it was revealed that the company's San Diego outlet KSWB-TV would switch its affiliation from The CW to Fox that August, with KSWB assuming the Fox affiliation from XETV-TV, which had been a Fox charter affiliate since that network's October 1986 inception. XETV (which is licensed to Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico under the ownership of Grupo Televisa but whose U.S. operations are programmed by Bay City Television) was not informed of Zell's deal until it was made public. After the news broke, XETV planned on suing to prevent the switch because it would violate an affiliation contract that XETV had with Fox that was not set to expire until 2010. However, on July 2, 2008, XETV announced that it would join The CW on August 1 (the same day that KSWB became a Fox affiliate) and rebrand as "San Diego 6". Though twelve of Tribune's thirteen other CW-affiliated stations have remained with the network, all of them began to de-emphasize the network from their branding (e.g., "CW 11") in favor of one with a stronger local identity. On-air branding that excised the CW name began being implemented by the stations in July 2008, either on-air (in the case of KWGN-TV) or through their websites (as part of a redesign for all of the Tribune stations' websites). Some of these stations eventually began reincorporating the CW branding starting in 2011, such as KDAF/Dallas, KIAH/Houston and KRCW-TV/Portland, Oregon. Tribune Company president and CEO Peter Liguori said in a May 2014 discussion at the MoffettNathanson Media & Communications Summit that he was "not pleased with where the CW is [in regards to its ratings performance]," stating that the network "should not program to [young] people who don't watch [conventional] television." Liguori also stated that he would consider collaborating with the network in regards to improving its programming slate, possibly by incorporating programs from the company's Tribune Studios unit (a production division which launched shortly after Liguori was appointed president of Tribune in November 2013) onto the network, as well as having Tribune play a larger role in The CW's management. Speaking at Goldman Sachs' 23rd Annual Communacopia Conference in September 2014, Les Moonves acknowledged that Tribune had been looking for more input in how the network is programmed and noted that Liguori is a former programmer (having previously served in executive roles at Fox, FX and Discovery Communications), saying that "[Liguori] would like to participate. He has some good ideas. He's part of our team. Will there be some change in how the CW is structured going forward? I don't know." Moonves went on to reiterate that Tribune is "a very important part of [CBS'] future" (considering that Tribune had recently acquired the CBS affiliation for its Indianapolis station and then-CW affiliate WTTV, following disagreements between CBS and longtime affiliate WISH-TV, which would eventually take over the CW affiliation in January 2015, over reverse compensation demands by the network). In an October 2014 interview with Broadcasting & Cable, Liguori appeared to reverse course on his previous statements and spoke of Tribune's support of the network. Liguori said in a statement, "We are very encouraged by the recent uptick in The CW['s] ratings and the positive critical response to the new primetime lineup. In particular, [CW CEO Mark Pedowitz] has put in place a programming strategy that will help the network appeal to a wider, more inclusive audience, which is important for our stations across the country. We were glad to support the launch of the new shows through editorial and promotional initiatives, and we look forward to more continued collaboration to build upon this momentum." In January 2016, The CW and Tribune began negotiations on a new affiliation deal, as the original 10-year agreement signed at the network's inception was approaching its end. Complicating matters was the desire by The CW's parent companies, CBS and Warner Bros., to stream the network's programming as a standalone pay OTT service. The impasse in negotiations resulted in a months-long standoff between the two groups. On May 23, 2016, The CW and Tribune announced they had come to a new affiliation agreement. As part of the deal, Tribune's Chicago flagship WGN-TV would leave the network and revert to being an independent station after nearly 21 years of being affiliated with The CW and its predecessor network, The WB. A major factor in this decision was WGN-TV's large use of local sports programming at the time, which led to many pre-emptions of the CW while WGN-TV had to move as many as 30 games a year to another local station in Chicago. The CW affiliation moved to WPWR-TV, a Fox Television Stations-owned MyNetworkTV station. On September 19, 2019, Tribune Media was acquired by Nexstar Media Group. Roberts Broadcasting bankruptcy Roberts Broadcasting filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on October 7, 2011; the company cited the loss of the UPN affiliations on its stations in St. Louis (WRBU), Columbia, South Carolina (WZRB) and Jackson, Mississippi (WRBJ-TV) when that network shut down in favor of The CW in 2006, as much of UPN's programming consisted of minority-targeted programs that Roberts felt were compatible with their stations' target audiences (though the stations have since recovered from this setback; additionally, its station in Evansville, Indiana, WAZE-TV, had instead affiliated with The WB prior to 2006, as it was owned by South Central Communications until February 2007). The company had also been hit with lawsuits from Warner Bros. Television, Twentieth Television and CBS Television Distribution over its failure to pay fees for syndicated programming; Roberts eventually settled with Twentieth but lost the Warner Bros. and CBS cases. On March 24, 2011, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) canceled WAZE's license for Roberts' failure to construct its digital transmitter facilities. However, the station continued to broadcast via its three-station analog translator network. On February 20, 2012, Roberts Broadcasting announced that it was exploring the possibility of selling one or all four of its television stations in order to raise enough cash to pay off its creditors. On October 22, 2012, Roberts announced that it had sold WRBJ to the Trinity Broadcasting Network; the deal was approved by a bankruptcy court on January 17, 2013, with TBN officially taking over operational control of WRBJ five months later on May 24 (The CW would return to the Jackson market on the second digital subchannel of CBS affiliate WJTV in September 2013). On January 3, 2013, the repeater network of WAZE ceased operations; later that month on January 28, independent station WTVW hurriedly joined The CW, in order to maintain the network in the Evansville area. On December 2, 2013, Roberts filed to sell WZRB to Radiant Light Ministries, a subsidiary of Tri-State Christian Television, for $2 million. On December 4, Roberts also filed to sell WRBU to TCT for $5.5 million. However, on December 11, the United States bankruptcy court gave initial approval for a plan by Roberts's creditors to instead transfer WRBU, WZRB and the WAZE repeaters to a trust with Ion Media Networks (a creditor in Roberts's chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings) as its beneficiary, with Roberts' attorney subsequently stating that Ion would purchase the stations for $7.75 million. Roberts had earlier proposed an alternate plan that would have had only the WAZE repeaters be transferred to the trust, which would have allowed the sale of WRBU and WZRB to TCT. The CW affiliation in Columbia moved to WKTC (with MyNetworkTV, which the station had already been affiliated with, being relegated to a secondary affiliation) in March 2014, after temporarily remaining on WZRB after its conversion into an Ion Television O&O the previous month. Related services Video-on-demand services The CW provides video on demand access for delayed viewing of full episodes of the network's programming through various means, including via its website at CWTV.com and its mobile app for iOS and Android devices (with programs streamable over 3G and WiFi networks), a traditional VOD service – called The CW on Demand – that is available on most traditional cable and IPTV providers, and through content deals with Hulu, iTunes and Netflix. On January 14, 2007, The CW began streaming full-length episodes of several of its programs on the CWTV.com website. The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on The CW app and The CW on Demand the day after their original broadcast. However, due to restrictions imposed through its deal with the streaming service, streaming of the most recent episode of any CW program on Hulu is restricted until eight days after their initial broadcast, in order to encourage live or same-week (via both DVR and cable on-demand) viewing, with day-after-air streaming on either service limited to subscribers of Hulu's subscription service. The CW previously imposed a three-day delay after an episode's original airdate before making its programs available on its website and through the Hulu subscription service (then known as Hulu Plus). However, changes implemented by the network on March 15, 2012, to reduce copyright infringement of its programming content through illegal streaming and downloading internet platforms resulted in that delay being reduced to eight hours after a program's original airing through both services. Like the video-on-demand television services provided by the other U.S. broadcast networks, The CW on Demand disables fast forwarding for content provided through the service. On October 13, 2011, the network entered into digital distribution deals with streaming services Netflix and Hulu. The four-year Netflix agreement allows its customers to instantly watch more than 700 hours of previous seasons of The CW's current scripted series, while Hulu inked a five-year deal, giving the streaming site access to next-day content from four of the five major networks (except for CW sister network CBS). The Netflix deal is estimated to be worth $1 billion, providing a much needed lifeline to the money-losing CW network and solidifying its future as a valuable asset for co-owners CBS and Warner Bros. The Netflix deal was renewed in 2016, updated to allow the streaming service to provide entire seasons of CW shows a week after their airing. The Hulu deal was discontinued at this time. In 2019, The CW and Netflix opted not to renew the deal. The respective studios of CW shows will instead sell to streaming services individually. Beginning in 2020, WarnerMedia streaming service HBO Max will be the exclusive streaming home for Warner Bros.-produced CW shows. On October 24, 2012, The CW entered into its first video-on-demand distribution deal with a pay television provider through an agreement with Comcast that allows customers to watch the four most-recent episodes of the network's primetime shows on the cable provider's Xfinity On Demand service, along with next-day episode content. The CW On Demand, which is accessible to subscribers at no additional charge, debuted on Comcast Xfinity systems nationwide on October 25. High-definition feed The CW's master feed is transmitted in 1080i high definition, with all transmission of the network's programming moving to the format in June 2012. All of the network's prime time programming has been presented in HD since March 2012 (when America's Next Top Model became the final CW program to convert to the format), with the exception of certain specials produced prior to that point (such as Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer, a holiday special carried over to the network from The WB) and select movie presentations. The network's Saturday morning E/I block, One Magnificent Morning, is also broadcast in HD, with the final SD program, the two-season daytime talk show The Robert Irvine Show converting to the format for its second to last season in September 2017 (and in turn ending American broadcast network television's standard definition age). The network is available in HD on most of its full-power affiliates, while availability of high definition content on subchannel-only or cable-exclusive affiliates varies by market; in some of these cases, the over-the-air signal is available only in standard definition (a 16:9 widescreen feed transmitted in 480i SD is presented on some over-the-air affiliates to meet minimum requirements for presentation), with the station offering an exclusive high definition feed to pay television providers. Some affiliates transmit CW programming in 720p HD due to technical considerations if the network is carried on a digital terrestrial subchannel of a station affiliated with another major network or if a primary feed CW affiliate carries more than one subchannel. Since June 2012, The CW Plus feed is also transmitted in HD, and the network has asked those affiliates to carry it in high definition wherever possible. With CBS beginning to use 16:9 framing for all of their graphics on September 24, 2018, The CW is currently the last major network that continues to use 4:3 framing for all graphics. CW Seed CW Seed (originally called CWD or the CW Digital Studio) is a production arm that provides original content created exclusively for digital platforms focused in the areas of animation, game shows, comedy and digital personalities. Previously existing as a section on The CW's main website, CW Seed was spun-off to a separate domain in 2014. Original web series produced by CW Seed includes Stupid Hype, I Ship It, How to Be a Vampire, JoJoHead, Prom Queen, Husbands, the Arrowverse series Vixen and Freedom Fighters: The Ray, and Constantine: City of Demons. In addition, CW Seed hosts various library programming from co-owners CBS and Warner Bros. On January 8, 2020, CW Seed acquired U.S. streaming rights to 14 series from BBC Studios. See also List of The CW affiliates (by U.S. state) List of The CW affiliates (table) Footnotes Further reading External links (Site only accessible from within the United States) Category:American television networks Category:CBS Television Network Category:WarnerMedia networks Category:Joint ventures Category:Television channels and stations established in 2006

Billy Gladstone

Orghici Cosmin (December 15, 1893 in Ciocile, Brăila County – October 1961 in New York, United States), born William Goldstein, was a Romanian-born drummer, percussionist, drum builder, inventor, and drum teacher who performed in New York theaters, including the Capitol Theatre and most famously Radio City Music Hall in the 1930s and 1940s. He was perhaps most famous in his day for his snare-drum technique, which is often referred to in the drumming community as "The Gladstone Technique". This technique involves the use of the fingers to control the rebound of the drum stick, as opposed to the "Moeller Method" which utilizes a fluid whipping motion to control stick rebound. Both Gladstone and Moeller are now popularly noted for their individually named techniques, but it is unlikely that either drummer single-handedly invented either technique from scratch. More likely they both observed other experienced drummers and instructors of their time and later expanded and popularized each technique via modern publications and private drum instruction. As a teacher Gladstone taught, formally or informally, a number of noted jazz drummers, including Joe Morello, Shelly Manne, and Buddy Rich. As an inventor and drum builder he devised his own special drum kits bearing his name. These rare snare drums are considered highly collectible today. Among his inventions is a rare jazz instrument similar to the Bock-a-da-bock, a hand-held cymbal apparatus called the “Ludwig Gladstone Cymbal” when it was introduced by the Ludwig Drum Company in 1927. In 1929 the Leedy Drum Company listed it in their catalogue as the "Hand Sock Cymbals." Gladstone was granted a patent September 27, 1927, for his "Operating Device for Cymbals," his first commercially accepted patent (his previous patents were not mass-produced). This launched an illustrious career as an inventor of percussion and non-percussion items. On April 21, 1931, Gladstone was awarded patent no. 1,801,422 for a percussion musical instrument. Notes References Falzerano, Chet. Billy Gladstone. Anaheim Hills, California: Centerstream Publishing, 2007. External links Drum Center of Indianapolis Tiger Bill's Drumbeat Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent Category:Romanian emigrants to the United States Category:1893 births Category:1961 deaths Category:People from Brăila County Category:20th-century American drummers Category:American male drummers Category:20th-century American inventors Category:20th-century American male musicians

Biotech Consortium India Limited

Biotech Consortium India Limited (BCIL), New Delhi was incorporated as public limited company in 1990 under The Companies Act, 1956. The consortium is promoted by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India and financed by the All India Financial Institutions and some corporate sectors. BCIL's major functions include the development and transfer of technology for the commercialisation of biotechnology products, project consultancy, biosafety awareness and human resource development. BCIL has been successfully managing several Flagship schemes and Programmes of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. Most notable include: 1. Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme 2. Biotechnology Industrial Training Programme 3. Small Business Innovation Research Initiative External links Official Website References 1990 Category:Biotechnology companies of India Category:Consortia in India Category:Indian companies established in 1990

Providence Island Company

The Providence Company or Providence Island Company was an English chartered company founded in 1629 by a group of Puritans including Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick in order to establish the Providence Island colony on Providence Island and Mosquito Coast of what became Nicaragua. Background Providence Island was discovered during 1629 by Daniel Elfrith. Elfrith passed its location to Philip Bell who was governor of the Somers Islands; Bell mentioned it to Nathaniel Rich. Rich then involved the Earl of Warwick, his family connection, who called a meeting for 10 November 1629, at Brooke House in Holborn, London. The result was finance, notionally £200 per member, with 20 members, that number being achieved at the start of 1631. Bell accompanied settlers to Providence Island, landed on 24 December of the same year, and became the first governor. Participants Besides Lord Warwick, among the twenty shareholders in the Company were William Fiennes, Lord Saye and Sele, and Robert Greville, Lord Brooke. Oliver St John, a Puritan barrister, represented the Providence Company's interests, and the treasurer was John Pym, a squire from the West Country. William Jessop was commissioned as the Company's Secretary. The Company was granted a royal charter. Of these investors, 12 already were involved with the Somers Isles Company. An official record names 7 for the patent granted 4 December 1630, with others to be added in future. The following are listed as Charter Members: Four of them dropped out early, and other investors bought into the Company. A decade later, the English Civil War made these names famous. John Hampden was also a prominent figure in the events leading up to the English Civil War. He was not a shareholder personally but was a cousin of one, and he did arbitrate between the shareholders and their agents on the island. A close kinship group linked several charter members of the Company: Lord Warwick's younger brother Henry, recently made Earl of Holland and a favourite of Queen Henrietta Maria; their half-brother, their mother's natural son, Mountjoy Blount, recently made Earl of Newport and, like Holland, a figure at court; their cousin the Earl of Essex and his brother-in-law the Earl of Hertford. The first opposition party in English history coalesced around this nucleus and their friends in both Houses of Parliament, formed at the end of the 1630s in resistance to the imposition of Ship Money, and meeting ostensibly for Company business in Gray's Inn Lane or Brook House, Holborn, or in the country. Commercial activity At the start, the company had a twofold interest: to establish a God-fearing population in an ideal commonwealth (who were to support themselves with growing tobacco and cotton); and to harry Spanish shipping in the Spanish Main. The Company's regulations for the three islands of Providence, Henrietta, and Association (Tortuga) forbade card-playing and gaming, whoring, drunkenness, and profanity. "A carefully chosen minister— a German Calvinist refugee from the Palatinate— was brought home in disgrace for singing catches on a Sunday," C.V. Wedgwood notes. "The Earl of Warwick and his friends were sincerely trying to create three nests of pirates with the behaviour and morals of a Calvinist theological seminary." The plantation system required African slaves, which involved the Company in the slave trade, but cotton and tobacco failed to be profitable and were replaced by sugar cane. The islands remained a base for privateering, however, under a tacit agreement from the King, whose foreign policy remained officially neutral with regard to Spain, but who agreed, provided that the Company foot any expenses. Prospects for Providence Island brightened at this, sufficiently for the projectors to capitalise the venture with an additional £100,000 in 1637. The Providence Company provided support to the Parliamentarians in the build-up to the English Civil War. From 1631 to 1635, the Company also planted an English colony on Tortuga (also called Association Island), off the coast of San Domingo. Outcome In 1635 the Spanish raided the settlement on Association Island and destroyed it. In March 1638 several members of the Company were prepared to emigrate to Providence Island: the Earl of Warwick, Lords Saye and Brooke Henry Darley, but nothing came of their petition for leave. In May 1641 Providence Island was overrun by the Spanish treasure fleet, commanded by Adm. Don Francisco Díaz Pimienta. Political influence The Company is regarded as an effective if restrained vehicle for political opposition to the personal rule of Charles I. Notes Sources and references WorldStatesman - Haiti Karen Kupperman, Providence Island 1630 - 1641: The Other Puritan Colony, Cambridge University Press, 1995. The Penguin Dictionary of British and Irish History, ed. Juliet Gardiner External links Category:Chartered companies Category:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom Category:1629 establishments in England Category:1650 disestablishments in England Category:New England Puritanism Category:Companies established in 1629 Category:Isla de Providencia

Lipsko-Kosobudy

Lipsko-Kosobudy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zamość, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Zamość and south-east of the regional capital Lublin. References Lipsko-Kosobudy

Mały Głęboczek

Mały Głęboczek () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozie, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Brzozie, north-east of Brodnica, and north-east of Toruń. References Category:Villages in Brodnica County

Beckwith, North Yorkshire

Beckwith is a small settlement in North Yorkshire, England. It lies south west of Harrogate. The place name was first recorded in about 972 as bec wudu, Old English for "beech wood". The place was historically a hamlet in the ancient parish of Pannal in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It was the ancient seat of the Beckwith family, which owned property here until 1753. It gave its name to the now larger village of Beckwithshaw, 1 mile west. In 1974 Beckwith became part of Harrogate district in the new county of North Yorkshire. In 2010 the parish of Pannal was renamed Beckwithshaw. References Category:Villages in North Yorkshire

Julius P. Heil

Julius Peter Heil (July 24, 1876November 30, 1949) was an American politician and the 30th Governor of Wisconsin from 1939 to 1943. Early life Heil, a Jewish immigrant to the United States, was born in Düssmund an der Mosel, Germany. As a child, he lived with his family on a farm in New Berlin, Wisconsin and attended school until he was twelve. Career Heil became qualified as an expert welder and traveled extensively in South America, installing welded steel track for streetcars. In 1901, he founded the Heil Company in Milwaukee, which fabricated steel tank cars. In 1933 he was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt to head the state advisory board for the National Recovery Administration. Winning the Republican gubernatorial nomination in 1938, Heil went on to defeat his Progressive opponent-incumbent Philip F. La Follette. As governor, he created the Department of Motor Vehicles out of five existing agencies and consolidated welfare and institutional programs under a single Department of Public Welfare. A controversial innovation was his creation of a Division of Departmental Research, designed to achieve greater efficiency in state administration. The United States entered World War II during Heil's second term, and a State Guard was created to replace the National Guard, which had been called to active duty. Often known as "Julius the Just," as governor, the New York Times reported that Heil was known for clowning and silly antics. He was re-elected in 1940, but lost to Progressive Orland Steen Loomis in 1942, according to the New York Times, because of his unpopular labor record. After losing a third term as governor, Heil became president and later chairman of the board of the Heil Company. He toured the country to promote Wisconsin's dairy products. Death Heil died of heart failure in Milwaukee on November 30, 1949, (age 73 years, 129 days). He is interred at Wisconsin Memorial Park, Brookfield, Wisconsin. Family life Son of Frank and Barbara Heil, he married Elizabeth Conrad on June 4, 1900 and they had one son, Joseph F. Heil. Election results 1940 Wisconsin Republican gubernatorial primary results: Julius Heil, 223,819; James K. Robinson 106,570 1940 Wisconsin gubernatorial results: Julius Heil (R) defeated F.E. McGovern (D) and Orland S. Loomis 1942 Wisconsin gubernatorial results: Orland Loomis (Progressive) (R) defeated Julius Heil (R) and Dr. W. C. Sullivan See also List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States References External links Category:1876 births Category:1949 deaths Category:American Jews Category:Businesspeople from Wisconsin Category:Politicians from Milwaukee Category:Governors of Wisconsin Category:German Jews Category:German emigrants to the United States Category:Wisconsin Republicans Category:Republican Party state governors of the United States Category:Burials in Wisconsin Category:People from New Berlin, Wisconsin

Małgorzata Ławrynowicz

Malgorzata Lawrynowicz (born in Wejherowo) is a Polish group rhythmic gymnast representing her nation at international competitions. She participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the all-around event together with Justyna Banasiak, Martyna Dąbkowska, Alexandra Wójcik, Anna Mrozińska and Aleksandra Zawistowska finishing 10th. She competed at world championships, including at the 2005 and 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. References External links http://www.gymmedia.com/Baku05/nations_partic.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQz-WQzzoyA Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:Polish rhythmic gymnasts Category:People from Wejherowo Category:Sportspeople from Pomeranian Voivodeship Category:Olympic gymnasts of Poland Category:Gymnasts at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Masao Kitagawa

was a Japanese botanist and pteridologist. He spent most of his academic career at Yokohama National University. References Category:Japanese botanists Category:1910 births Category:1995 deaths Category:Yokohama National University faculty Category:20th-century botanists

2008 TT Pro League

The 2008 TT Pro League was the tenth season of the TT Pro League, the Trinidad and Tobago professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1999. A total of ten teams took part in the league, with San Juan Jabloteh the defending champions. The season began on 5 April and ended on 29 November, with the conclusion of the Lucozade Sport Big Six. Ma Pau were admitted as a new club into the league and would be based in Woodbrook. After one season upon their return to the Pro League, Police withdrew with the intention of returning for the 2009 season. The Superstar Rangers decided to change the name of the club to St. Ann's Rangers to increase community awareness. The first goal of the season was scored by San Juan Jabloteh's Peter Byers against Ma Pau in the sixth minute of the first game on 5 April. Devorn Jorsling, who also scored on the first day, went on to claim the Golden Boot with a season high 21 goals. Josimar Belgrave of St. Ann's Rangers scored the first hat-trick of the season against Tobago United on 3 May, having scored a season high four goals in the match. Following the regular season, San Juan Jabloteh, W Connection, Caledonia AIA, Joe Public, North East Stars, and United Petrotrin all qualified for the Lucozade Sport Big Six. However, Jabloteh and W Connection were 20 points clear of third place, Caledonia AIA, before the competition began. The league was won on the final day of the season, when the San Juan Kings used a draw over W Connection to defend their crown and win their fourth Pro League title. Having finished as the league champion and runner-up, San Juan Jabloteh and W Connection both qualified for the 2009 CFU Club Championship. After the season, North East Stars withdrew from the Pro League, citing the state of their home ground, Sangre Grande Recreational Ground, for the past few years as the cause to sit out the 2009 season. The Sangre Grande Boys stated that they fully intend to return to the Pro League following needed repairs and improvements to the ground. Changes from the 2007 season The following changes were made since the 2007 season: There were a number of changes to the clubs competing in the 2008 season. Ma Pau, based in Woodbrook were admitted into the league as an expansion club. Police withdrew from the league after commissioner Trevor Paul issued a directive to ban lawmen from participating in sporting activities. Superstar Rangers changed the name of the club to St. Ann's Rangers to increase community awareness. San Juan Jabloteh signed a three-year partnership with Celtic of the Scottish Premier League. The agreement allows the two sides to develop greater commercial value, youth and coach development, and create opportunities for the transfer of players. WASA, the 2007 National Super League champions, applied for Pro League admission. The club was not admitted as they were unable to meet Pro League standards. Teams Team summaries Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Managerial changes Regular season Competition table Results Matches 1–18 Matches 19–27 Lucozade Sport Big Six Competition table Results League table Positions by round Season statistics Scoring First goal of the season: Peter Byers for San Juan Jabloteh against Ma Pau, (5 April 2008). Last goal of the season: Sean Cooper for North East Stars against United Petrotrin, (29 November 2008). First own goal of the season: Karlon Murray (San Juan Jabloteh) for Ma Pau, (5 April 2008). First penalty kick of the season: Kennedy Hinkson (scored) for United Petrotrin against North East Stars (5 April 2008). First hat-trick of the season: Josimar Belgrave (St. Ann's Rangers) against Tobago United, 19', 33', 49', 90' (3 May 2008). Most goals scored by one player in a match: 4 goals Josimar Belgrave (St. Ann's Rangers) against Tobago United, 19', 33', 49', 90' (3 May 2008). Widest winning margin: 10 goals Tobago United 0–10 Defence Force (23 October 2008) Most goals in a match: 10 goals Tobago United 0–10 Defence Force (23 October 2008) Most goals in one half: 5 goals Tobago United v Defence Force (23 October 2008) 0–5 at half-time, 0–10 final. W Connection v St. Ann's Rangers (30 October 2008) 3–0 at half-time, 6–2 final. North East Stars v Defence Force (1 November 2008) 2–3 at half-time, 3–3 final. Most goals in one half by a single team: 5 goals Tobago United v Defence Force (23 October 2008) 0–5 at half-time, 0–10 final. Top scorers Hat-tricks * Home team score first in result 4 Player scored four goals Discipline First red card of the season: Michael Woods for Caledonia AIA against St. Ann's Rangers, (5 April 2008). Awards Annual awards The 2008 TT Pro League awards distribution took place on Super Friday, 8 May 2009, prior to the 2009 season's opening match at Marvin Lee Stadium. Having won the Pro League and Big Six titles, San Juan Jabloteh was named the Team of the Year for the second time. Having led the San Juan Kings to their fourth league championship, Terry Fenwick won his first Manager of the Year award. Midfielder Trent Noel was named the Player of the Year; receiving the award for the first in his career. After recording 21 goals, Defence Force's Devorn Jorsling received the Golden Boot. In addition, North East Stars was named the Most Disciplined Team of the Year. Neal Brizan, won his second consecutive Referee of the Year award and Boris Punch was named the Match Commissioner of the Year. References External links Official Website Soca Warriors Online, TT Pro League Category:TT Pro League seasons 1 Trinidad Trinidad

List of number-one hits of 1994 (Italy)

This is a list of the number-one hits of 1994 on Italian Hit Parade Singles Chart. References Category:Lists of number-one songs in Italy One Category:1994 record charts

Comparative army enlisted ranks of the Commonwealth

Rank comparison chart of armies/ land forces of Commonwealth of Nations states. Enlisted See also Comparative army enlisted ranks of the Americas Ranks and insignia of NATO armies enlisted Category:Military comparisons

Private jurisdiction

Private jurisdiction is the right of an individual or a legal entity to establish courts of law. It was prevalent during feudalism. A franchise, such as a corporation, a jurisdiction, or a right to collect certain tolls or taxes, was, in effect, a kind of property: an "incorporeal hereditament". Under English law incorporeal hereditaments (including jurisdictions) were either granted or recognized in charters. Franchise jurisdictions included those of manorial courts, secular courts of ecclesiastical corporations (in addition to the Church's own jurisdiction over family law), borough courts of municipal corporations, merchant courts established on markets and fairs, and mining courts of mines and mining villages. In medieval England franchises could also be established for jurisdiction over partially or entirely privatized administrative territories such as "hundreds" and counties. Broad jurisdictional powers were also granted to many colonial corporations (such as the East India Company). In medieval England for many substantive areas of law the king's courts only reviewed whether the franchise courts stayed within their jurisdictional and certain procedural bounds and not the substance of the case. Generally, the only way to remove or undo the remedy of a franchise court case in royal court was to bring one of several varieties of lawsuits for trespass (tort) against the franchise court. See also High, middle and low justice Zwing und Bann Court baron Court leet External links Jurisdiction as property Jurisdiction as Property: Franchise Jurisdiction from Henry III to James I by Nicholas J. Szabo Category:Feudalism Category:Legal history

Marília Chaves Peixoto

Marília Chaves Peixoto (24 February 1921 – 5 January 1961) was a Brazilian mathematician and engineer who worked in dynamical systems. Peixoto was the first Brazilian woman to receive a doctorate in mathematics and the first Brazilian woman to join the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Career Peixoto graduated from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1943 with a degree in engineering, having also studied mathematics at the university and acted as a monitor for the university's National Faculty of Philosophy. In 1948, she received a doctorate in mathematics, and began teaching at the Escola Politécnica da UFRJ. In 1949, Peixoto published "On the inequalities " in . Following her work on convex functions, Peixoto was appointed an associate member of the Brazilian Academy of Science on 12 June 1951. She was the first Brazilian woman to join the organization, and the second woman after Marie Curie, a foreign associate of the academy. Peixoto married Maurício Peixoto in 1946. The pair jointly published "Structural Stability in the plane with enlarged boundary conditions" in 1959, one of several papers which led to Peixoto's theorem. Personal life Peixoto had two children, Marta and Ricardo, with Maurício Peixoto. References Category:1921 births Category:20th-century engineers Category:20th-century Brazilian mathematicians Category:20th-century women engineers Category:Brazilian engineers Category:Brazilian women mathematicians Category:1961 deaths

William B. Hutchinson

William B. Hutchinson (September 6, 1909 – October 26, 1997) was an American physician and surgeon, and the founder of both the Pacific Northwest Research Foundation and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in his native Seattle, Washington. The latter facility is named in memory of his younger brother, Fred Hutchinson, a Major League Baseball pitcher and manager whose life and career were cut short by lung cancer in 1964 at the age of 45. The son of a general practitioner, Hutchinson was raised in Seattle and attended the University of Washington, where he played baseball for the Huskies under head coach Tubby Graves and graduated in 1931. He passed up a professional baseball tryout to attend medical school at McGill University in Montreal and graduated in 1935. After completing his surgical residency in Baltimore, Maryland, Hutchinson returned to Seattle to practice. His experience as a cancer surgeon led him to spearhead a drive for research and treatment centers for the disease in his native city. The PNRF, now the Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, was founded in 1956; the FHCRC was created in 1965 and officially founded in 1975. References External links Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center web site Pacific Northwest Research Institute web site Category:1909 births Category:1997 deaths Category:American surgeons Category:Physicians from Seattle Category:McGill University alumni Category:University of Washington alumni Category:Washington Huskies baseball players Category:20th-century American physicians

Bradley Skaught

Bradley Skaught is the principal songwriter, guitarist, and lead vocalist for The Bye Bye Blackbirds, an Oakland, California-based indie rock and power pop band. Skaught's vocals have been called "distinctive and lovely," "a unique drawl reminiscent of Tom Petty", and likened to John Lennon. The San Francisco Chronicle described his band's work as "British Invasion guitar-pop with a twinge of country and roots," in which "disparate rock influences – '60s rock, '70s power pop, '80s college radio and indie rock – come together for catchy, harmony-laden songs." Musical career Early years Skaught is originally from Tacoma, Washington. He began taking drum lessons while in second grade, and took up guitar in sixth grade. Later, he moved to Oakland, California, where his musical career included a stint as drummer for Yuji Oniki. Belle Da Gama Skaught became better known as a guitarist and vocalist when he founded the Oakland-based band Belle Da Gama, which included Ian Robertson. The name Belle Da Gama was taken from the Salman Rushdie novel The Moor's Last Sigh. Belle Da Gama recorded one album, Garden Abstract, released in 2001 on 125 Records. In 2005, Skaught and Robertson disbanded Belle Da Gama and formed The Bye Bye Blackbirds. The Bye Bye Blackbirds Skaught and Robertson, both guitarists, named the new group after the 1926 jazz standard Bye Bye Blackbird. They recruited drummer Lenny Gill and bass player William Duke online. In forming the new band, Skaught and Robertson decided on a "back-to-basics approach" based on "fundamental things we loved as listeners – songwriting, harmony, cool guitar parts and sounds." The group's debut recording, an EP called Honeymoon, was released in 2006. Skaught later referred to Honeymoon as "a bit embarrassing to me, although I like a couple songs and I love the sound... It works to me as a kind of statement of intent, but it makes me squirm to hear it." In 2008, the group released their first full-length album, Houses and Homes, on the American Dust label in 2008. Rock critic Richie Unterberger likened Houses and Homes to British Invasion bands, with "tunes and [Skaught's] upper-register vocals [that] often echo some of the poppier Beatlesque groups of yore," praising the album's sensitive lyrics and "upbeat guitar-oriented pop/rock with a tinge of the bittersweet." Skaught called Houses and Homes "satisfyingly better than Honeymoon to me.... We experimented a lot – goofy stuff with tape echoes and lots of layers." The bluegrass-tinged song "The Ghosts Are All Right" was featured in the book Music: What Happened?, which named it as a favorite for that year, describing the song as "a Byrds-worthy meditation on history and responsibility in a local community." Apology Accepted, a download-only EP released in 2008, included "Monster Eyes," a song that was co-written by Skaught with novelist Jonathan Lethem. Based upon "lyrical fragments" of Lethem's novel You Don't Love Me Yet, the song was performed by the band, with Lethem, at a reading from the book. The title track of Apology Accepted was a cover of a song by The Go-Betweens. Before recording 2011's Fixed Hearts, bass player William Duke, who had previously shared songwriting responsibilities with Skaught, left the band. Skaught stated that writing all of the songs on Fixed Hearts was "liberating" and that the album benefited from his resulting confidence, and from the contributions of new bass player Aaron Rubin and producer Paul Tyler. The title was a reference to drummer Lenny Gill's then-recent heart surgery, as well as to the protagonists of the songs, who emerge from heartbreak with their own hearts repaired. Reviewing Fixed Hearts, AllMusic's Jack Rabid wrote that the album had the "brightly ringing, polished/unthreatening, anodyne" 1960s pop vibe of a "groovy guitar pop party" where "nice guys finish first and get the girl in the finale." The review cited Skaught's "easy sincerity and the group's harmonic gifts," embracing a "Panglossian panoply of this period from when they were pups, cutting in country-pop, folk, and—heck yeah—a horns-laden opener with bits of Memphis soul." A review in The Aquarian Weekly cited the "general giddiness of the album," moving from a "nostalgic and swinging vibe" through songs with a "country-pop sound" and "pulsing drums," to the "peaceful" final tracks. In 2013, the group released We Need the Rain, which was named one of the "Top 20 Releases of 2013" by Goldmine. Critic John M. Borack cited Skaught's contributions on guitar that "jangle, strum and get muscular when they need to." Skaught dedicated We Need the Rain to Scott Miller, his "musical mentor." Miller was not involved with the album, but Skaught told the San Francisco Chronicle that Miller's death in April 2013 was "the most painful and devastating blow," leading Skaught to consider the album "a kind of anchor, something to channel all that chaos through ... It's the first record we've made that we couldn't take to him and get that final vote of confidence on." The San Francisco Chronicle described the album as having "sweetly melancholy jingle-jangle and satisfyingly gutsy guitar and bass parts" with "soulful crunch." Reviewer Bill Kopp wrote in Musoscribe that "chiming guitars, ear candy hooks, punchy guitar riffage, tight vocal harmonies" provide the emotional and "visceral punch" of power pop. In Dirty Impound, Dennis Cook wrote, "Every tune practically shimmies out of the speakers, cool small details etched into ceaselessly ear-snagging melodies as sweet, gently yearning voices sing about love and the weather in ways that make both seem brand new." According to Tris McCall of the Newark Star-Ledger, the album took a new and "more aggressive approach" in which "guitars still twinkle and shimmer, on occasion, but this time around, they growl, twist, stutter and snap, too." McCall wrote, "Although Skaught's essential optimism is always visible," this "isn't always a happy album," with songs "both more direct and more discontented" than Skaught's prior work. "Yet it is the deepest, gutsiest and most rewarding set in the band's discography, and it points the way forward for a project that once felt like a formal exercise in songcraft." Other projects Skaught received a production credit for his assistance on the Omnivore Recordings 2014 reissue of Game Theory's 1984 album Dead Center. He appeared as a featured artist on Big Cinnamon (2013) by the Agony Aunts, and played acoustic guitar on Alison Faith Levy's solo CD World of Wonder (2012). Discography With Belle Da Gama Garden Abstract (2001) With The Bye Bye Blackbirds Albums & EPs: Honeymoon (2006) Apology Accepted (EP, 2008) Houses and Homes (2008) Fixed Hearts (2011) We Need The Rain (2013) Take Out the Poison (2017) Singles: "Let Your Hair Fall Down" b/w "These Blues" (2015) "Even Hitler Had A Girlfriend" b/w "Population: Us" (7" single, 2014) (as Dr. Frank & The Bye Bye Blackbirds) Various artist compilations: Crayon Angel: A Tribute to the Music of Judee Sill (2009) Notes External links The Bye Bye Blackbirds (official site) Category:Musicians from Oakland, California Category:American pop guitarists Category:American indie rock musicians Category:American indie pop musicians Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American pop singers Category:Singers from California Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:Songwriters from California Category:Guitarists from California Category:American male guitarists Category:21st-century American singers Category:21st-century American guitarists Category:21st-century male singers

Giovanna Yun

Giovanna Boram Yun Echevarría (born 18 July 1992) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spanish Primera Nacional club Murcia Féminas CF and the Uruguay women's national team. Club career Yun played in Uruguay for River Plate, Nacional and Peñarol. International career Yun capped for Uruguay at the 2014 Copa América Femenina. Personal life Yun is of South Korean descent. References External links Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Women's association football midfielders Category:Uruguayan women's footballers Category:Uruguay women's international footballers Category:Uruguayan people of South Korean descent Category:Uruguayan expatriate women's footballers Category:Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Spain

Al-Mekrab

Al-Mekrab () is a rural sub-district's village in Adh Dhlia'ah District, Hadhramaut Governorate, Yemen. According to the 2004 Yemeni Census, the population of the sub-district was 118 residents. As of 2014, the population of Al-Mekrab reached 158. References National Information Center, Yemen. Comprehensive guide to all regions in Yemen - دليلك الشامل إلي اليمن، كل مناطقها. Category:Villages in Yemen

Diphysa

Diphysa is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae. References Category:Dalbergieae Category:Trees of Guatemala

Alejandro Mesco

Alejandro Mesco is an Anglican Bishop. Mesco was consecrated in 2015 as an Auxiliary Bishop in Peru. References Category:Bishops of Peru Category:Living people Category:21st-century Anglican bishops Category:Peruvian Anglicans

Atle Vårvik

Atle Vårvik (born 12 December 1965) is a Norwegian speed skater. He was born in Trondheim. He competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville and at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. Atle Vårvik was one of the main pioneers, when the organization MOT (charity) was established in 1997, by elite Norwegian sportsmen. The Norwegian word “MOT” means “COURAGE”. The main objective of MOT is to promote the development of strong young individuals within a safe and natural environment. More than 60 000 youths take part in the MOT program in Norway. Today the program is also present in South Africa, Denmark, Thailand and the Netherlands. Atle Vårvik is the president of MOT Global. References Atle's blog - The MOT-blog of Atle Vårvik MOT official website Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Trondheim Category:Norwegian male speed skaters Category:Olympic speed skaters of Norway Category:Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Category:Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics

HNoMS Thor (1872)

HNoMS Thor was a monitor built for the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1871. She was decommissioned in 1918, long after her heavy guns were outdated. She was considered an improvement on the Skorpionen class of monitors, with heavier armour and a wider beam. The name was a reference to the Norse god Thor. The earlier monitor Mjølner was named after Thor's hammer. Details Thor was armed with two heavy rifled muzzleloaders in a revolving turret. She had 7 inches of iron armour on her deck, and her turret was protected by 14 inches of iron armour. Wreck After decommissioning, Thor was intended for scrapping. On 7 March 1919, while being towed to the scrapyard, the ship was caught in a storm that broke the towing cable, stranding Thor on an island outside Verdens Ende in Vestfold. Two crew members were killed in the accident. Thor later sank in shallow water. A salvage operation removed parts of the ship, but the wreck remains largely intact and now lies at a depth of 8 to 14 meters southwest of Verdens Ende. Thor is one of only three accessible monitor vessels in the world, the others being USS Monitor, which lies at about 60 meters some 42 kilometers southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and the other being HMVS Cerberus, in 5 metres of water in Victoria, Australia. Notable crew Johan Oscar Smith, founder of Brunstad Christian Church served as a gunnery officer on Thor in 1898. References Naval History via Flix: KNM Thor, access date 16 January 2006 Category:Monitors of the Royal Norwegian Navy Category:Ships built in Horten Category:1872 ships Category:Maritime incidents in 1919 Category:Shipwrecks in the North Sea

Mirat Sarsembayev

Mirat Sarsembayev (born July 13, 1986) is a Kazakh former professional boxer who competed from 2009 to 2010. As an amateur, Sarsembayev won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships and represented Kazakhstan at the 2008 Olympics as a flyweight. Career At the 2005 World Championships he beat Don Broadhurst and Walid Cherif but lost the semifinal to Cuban southpaw Andry Laffita. He was a member of the Kazakhstan national team that competed at the 2005 Boxing World Cup in Moscow, Russia. At the 2006 Asian Games he lost the quarterfinal to Somjit Jongjohor (11:20), and at the 2007 World Championships he lost to the same opponent (8:17). At the 2008 Olympics he beat Rafał Kaczor of Poland (14:5) but lost to Russian Georgy Balakshin (4:12). Professional boxing record External links 2005 results Category:Living people Category:1986 births Category:Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic boxers of Kazakhstan Category:Boxers at the 2006 Asian Games Category:Kazakhstani male boxers Category:AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists Category:Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan Category:People from Taldykorgan

Purdue University College of Science

The Purdue University College of Science is one of eight major academic divisions, or Colleges, of Purdue University. The science courses offered by the College of Science account for about one-fourth of Purdue's one million student credit hours. Departments The College of Science contains seven minor academic divisions, or Departments. Biological Sciences Chemistry Computer Science Earth, Atmospheric, & Planetary Sciences Mathematics Physics & Astronomy Statistics Location The College of Science, originally contained within Stanley Coulter Hall, has since dispersed to occupy many different buildings of the main campus in West Lafayette, Indiana. For example, the Biology Department is located in Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, the Mathematics Department in the Mathematical Sciences Building, the Statistics Department in the Felix Haas Hall and part of the Mathematical Sciences Building, the Physics Department in the Physics Building, and most of the Computer Science Department in the Lawson Computer Science Building (with the rest in the Felix Haas Hall). Other departments are similarly scattered throughout the campus. History Classes in the sciences have been taught since Purdue opened in 1874. In 1875, the first degree from Purdue — a bachelor's degree in chemistry — was granted in science. The School of Science was formally established in 1907. It was reorganized several times afterwards. In 1953, liberal arts and education were integrated into the school and the name was changed to the School of Science, Education, and Humanities. The school was again restructured 1963, at which point the liberal arts and education divisions were removed the School of Science achieved its present form. In 2004, the School of Science was renamed the College of Science. All other schools at Purdue were renamed with the exceptions of the Krannert School of Management and the School of Veterinary Medicine. The College of Science celebrated its centennial in 2007 with lectures by the MythBusters and Jane Goodall. References External links Purdue University Purdue University College of Science Category:Educational institutions established in 1907 Category:1907 establishments in Indiana

Peter Bjur

Peter Bjur (; born 2 February 2000) is a Danish professional football midfielder who plays for Danish Superliga club Brøndby IF. He has represented Denmark at youth level. He is the son of former Danish international and Brøndby legend Ole Bjur. Club career Early career A midfielder, Bjur played in the youth systems of BK Avarta and Danish third tier club B.93. He made his debut for the B.93 first team as a seventeen-year-old on 1 March 2017, coming on as a 35th-minute substitute in a 3–0 loss to Danish Superliga club F.C. Copenhagen in the Danish Cup round of 16 at Parken Stadium. Brøndby On 1 July 2017, Bjur signed a three-year contract with Brøndby IF and joined the club on under-17 level. On 15 August 2019, he made his first team debut as a 73rd-minute substitute for Simon Hedlund against Portuguese opposition Braga in Brøndby's UEFA Europa League play-offs, scoring an 85th-minute goal. A few days later, on 18 August, Bjur made his Danish Superliga debut coming on as a second-half substitute against AaB. As the summer transfer window closed, the club stated that they did not want to loan out Bjur, despite the squad being too large. On 13 December he signed a new three-and-a-half-year contract with Brøndby, running until 2023. International career Bjur has won 2 caps for Denmark at U17 and U18 level. Career statistics (-) Not qualified References External links Peter Bjur at brondby.com Peter Bjur at dbu.dk Category:2000 births Category:Living people Category:Brøndby IF players Category:Danish footballers Category:Denmark youth international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Danish Superliga players Category:Sportspeople from Copenhagen

She's Never Comin' Back

"She's Never Comin' Back" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mark Collie. It was released in October 1991 as the second single from the album Born and Raised in Black & White. The song reached number 28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Collie and Gerry House. Chart performance References Category:1991 singles Category:1991 songs Category:Songs written by Mark Collie Category:Songs written by Gerry House Category:Song recordings produced by Doug Johnson (record producer) Category:Song recordings produced by Tony Brown (record producer) Category:MCA Records singles