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= = = Climate = = =

There are two monsoon seasons in the <unk> : the northeast <unk> ( November to March ) and the southwest <unk> ( May to September ) . The calm period between these two <unk> is known as the transitional period . In the coastal region , maximum rainfall occurs in the month of January , while minimal rainfall occurs from the period June to August . Rainfall is more evenly distributed in the inland areas . The annual rainfall of the <unk> region is about 3 @,@ 750 mm ( 148 in ) annually . The mean daily hours of sunshine at <unk> is about 5 @.@ 0 to 5 @.@ 5 hours . <unk> receives on average 14 to 15 <unk> / m2 of radiation throughout the year . <unk> 's relative humidity is 85 % .

= = Demographics = =

The growth of <unk> 's population is shown below :

The issue of gangsters in <unk> was first raised in 2007 by the member of parliament ( MP ) for <unk> . The gangsters may have run businesses related to illegal logging , controlling the prices of diesel , eggs , fertiliser and gas cylinders . <unk> police have been <unk> down on gangster activities in the town . <unk> businessmen who seek cheap labour have caused a rise in the number of illegal immigrants in <unk> . The number may have reached 50 @,@ 000 in 2009 . <unk> immigration department has performed several operations to <unk> illegal immigrants back to their home country .

= = = <unk> = = =

As of the 2010 Malaysian census , the population of the town of <unk> is 114 @,@ <unk> . Indigenous people accounted for the largest proportion of the town population ( 61 @.@ 2 % , 69 @,@ <unk> ) , followed by Chinese ( 25 @.@ 0 % , 28 @,@ 512 ) , Non @-@ <unk> ( 13 @.@ 1 % , 14 @,@ <unk> ) , and Indians ( 0 @.@ 28 % , 319 ) . Among the indigenous groups , there are <unk> ( 32 @,@ <unk> ) , Malay ( 14 @,@ <unk> ) , <unk> ( 14 @,@ 179 ) , <unk> ( 1 @,@ <unk> ) , and other indigenous tribes ( 6 @,@ <unk> ) . According to government sources , there are <unk> <unk> <unk> in the <unk> District . The <unk> moved into <unk> and <unk> basins in the mid @-@ 19th and early 20th century with permission of the Brooke government . Other indigenous tribes that form the minority are <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> . The Chinese in <unk> are mainly composed of dialect groups such as <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> . The Chinese have been living in the town of <unk> since the era of <unk> Empire . Later , <unk> Chinese from <unk> moved in , dominating the timber and plantation businesses in <unk> . There is also a large number of foreigners working there . Most of them come from Britain , Australia , the Netherlands , Germany , South Africa , New Zealand , Japan , China , the United States , and Indonesia .

= = = Languages = = =

While Malay is the official language of <unk> ; English is widely spoken there . Local ethnic languages and Chinese dialects are spoken by the respective ethnic groups . Standard Chinese is also spoken by ethnic Chinese in <unk> . <unk> is spoken by communities living along the <unk> River , with 4 @,@ 200 native speakers . These speakers are now recognised as part of the <unk> ethnic group , where their main language is Malay . <unk> is classified as one of the endangered languages in <unk> because of the isolated usage of the language in a small community .

= = = Religion = = =

The majority of the <unk> population are adherents of Christian denominations due to Christian missionaries operating during the Brooke dynasty ; followed by Islam , Buddhism , and Hinduism . Among the notable places of worship in <unk> are the <unk> Mosque ( <unk> <unk> ) , <unk> <unk> , <unk> <unk> Kong Temple , <unk> <unk> Methodist Church , and St. Thomas Church . The respective religious groups are free to hold processions in the town .

= = Economy = =

There are five industrial estates in <unk> . They are : <unk> Industrial Estate ( for wood @-@ based industries ) , <unk> Industries Estate ( wood @-@ based industries ) , <unk> Industrial Area ( for medium and light industries ) , <unk> Light Industrial Estate ( medium and light industries ) , and <unk> Light Industrial Estate ( light industry ) .

= = = Oil and gas = = =

Malaysia <unk> is a <unk> Natural Gas ( <unk> ) manufacturing complex located in <unk> that currently contains eight <unk> trains with a ninth one currently under construction . The complex was built by the Malaysian national oil and gas company , <unk> . The manufacturing complex has a production capacity of 25 @.@ 7 million tonnes per annum . <unk> is also planning to open <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) offshore <unk> , which is used specifically to harvest natural gas from small and isolated gas fields . Transportation of natural gas from the <unk> state of <unk> , <unk> , to the <unk> complex at <unk> is facilitated by a 512 @-@ kilometre ( <unk> mi ) pipeline known as the " <unk> <unk> Gas <unk> " . Currently , 45 % of Malaysian natural gas is found at Central <unk> off the coast of <unk> . The largest <unk> of Malaysia <unk> productions are Japan ( 62 % ) , Korea ( 17 % ) , Taiwan ( 12 % ) , and China ( 9 % ) .

The <unk> Shell <unk> Plant ( <unk> ) , formerly known as <unk> <unk> Oil Terminal ( <unk> ) , was established in 1979 . It consists of three crude oil storage tanks , each with a capacity of 410 @,@ 000 barrels . It has three major areas of operation : <unk> Oil Operations , <unk> <unk> , and Gas Sales Facilities . Royal Dutch Shell started to establish the world 's first Shell Middle <unk> Synthesis plant ( Shell MDS ) in 1993 . It is also known as <unk> Gas @-@ To @-@ Liquid plant ( <unk> <unk> ) . The plant has a production capacity of 14 @,@ 770 barrels per day with a total investment of over US $ 1 billion as of the year 2010 . The plant is staffed with 380 people , of whom 93 % are <unk> , with 80 % of the staff coming from <unk> .

= = = Wood @-@ based industries and plantations = = =

Since the opening up of the <unk> – <unk> road in the 1970s , large @-@ scale plantations of oil palm and <unk> has been developed in rural areas of <unk> Division . Currently , there are 57 @,@ 740 hectares ( <unk> @.@ 4 km2 ( 223 sq mi ) ) of oil palm , 2 @,@ 000 hectares ( 200 km2 ( 77 sq mi ) ) of <unk> , and 815 hectares ( 8 @.@ 15 km2 ( 3 sq mi ) ) of <unk> plantations .

The first <unk> palm oil refinery , <unk> <unk> Oil <unk> <unk> , was established in June 1991 . <unk> currently has four palm oil refineries : <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ( operated under <unk> Group , a subsidiary of <unk> International ) , <unk> Darby <unk> <unk> Oil <unk> <unk> , <unk> Palm Oil <unk> <unk> <unk> , and <unk> Oil Palm <unk> . However , as of 2015 , <unk> no longer <unk> raw palm oil produced from cleared forests and peat swamps in <unk> because of environmental concerns .

The <unk> Division has been designated as a <unk> <unk> Zone ( <unk> ) by the <unk> state government since 1998 . As of 30 June 2011 , a total of 124 @,@ 618 hectares ( 1 @,@ <unk> @.@ 18 km2 ( <unk> sq mi ) ) has been planted with <unk> trees . Other trees that are planned for plantations are <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , and rubber trees . <unk> <unk> Forest <unk> <unk> , a company wholly owned by the <unk> state government , has been granted a license to <unk> forests for 60 years . However , the company has been suffering financial losses from 2009 to 2011 .

There are three mills in <unk> that process wood @-@ waste products . Two are <unk> @-@ density <unk> ( <unk> ) plants and the third is a charcoal <unk> plant , with a total installed capacity of <unk> @,@ 000 cubic metres ( 8 @,@ 700 @,@ 000 cu ft ) per year . <unk> plants <unk> wood waste purchased from sawmills and <unk> mills in the <unk> area and occasionally from the <unk> <unk> timber processing zone located at the mouth of the <unk> River . <unk> <unk> , which are required to hold wood dust together , constituted 20 % of the total production cost of the wood panel products . <unk> plants in <unk> are operated by <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> , which was founded on 15 February 1994 . The <unk> plant is operated by <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> . A glue / <unk> factory in <unk> is owned by <unk> <unk> & Chemicals <unk> <unk> . It produces <unk> <unk> resin and <unk> <unk> resin for <unk> and <unk> manufacturing at <unk> Industrial Estate . <unk> <unk> is also produced to supply <unk> <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) plant .

= = = Others = = =

The <unk> Port Authority was established in 1981 . It started port operation in 1983 at <unk> <unk> . Following a <unk> exercise , <unk> Port <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) was founded on 23 December 1992 and commenced operation on 1 January 1993 . <unk> is currently responsible for regulatory exercises and security of the port . Meanwhile , <unk> is responsible for cargo handling at the <unk> International <unk> Terminal ( <unk> ) . The port also provides Vessel traffic service to shipping vessels . The annual total cargo <unk> is 45 @.@ 4 million tonnes , consisting of 58 % <unk> and 42 % non @-@ <unk> products . As of 31 December 2014 , it generated a total revenue of <unk> <unk> @.@ 3 million per year . <unk> Port is the busiest port in <unk> .

The <unk> <unk> <unk> plant is the <unk> ammonia and <unk> plant operated by <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) , which is partly owned by <unk> . The company was formed on 6 December 1980 . The plant started operation on 1 October 1985 . It is also one of the largest <unk> <unk> plants in Asia . It is a joint venture by five <unk> countries : Malaysia ( 63 @.@ 5 % shares ) , Thailand ( 13 % ) , Indonesia ( 13 % ) , the Philippines ( 9 @.@ 5 % ) , and Singapore ( 1 % ) .

<unk> Mata <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) , one of the largest publicly traded companies in <unk> , set up a cement plant in <unk> at <unk> Industrial Estate . The plant , manned by 40 people , produces ordinary Portland cement and Portland blast <unk> cement . It currently has a combined production capacity of 2 @.@ 75 million <unk> ( million tonnes ) .

The <unk> combined cycle power plant was started in early 2010 with a capacity of 317 megawatts . The power plant is registered under the United Nations Clean Development Management ( <unk> ) scheme as of 18 September 2010 . The plant is built to ensure efficient use of energy and reduce green house gas emissions . It is the first <unk> power plant in Malaysia , currently operated by <unk> Power Generation <unk> <unk> ( <unk> ) , a wholly owned subsidiary of <unk> Energy .

= = Transportation = =

= = = Land = = =

All roads in <unk> are maintained by the <unk> Development Authority ( <unk> ) . <unk> is connected to <unk> and <unk> by the Pan Borneo Highway . <unk> is also connected to <unk> and <unk> Industrial Park . <unk> Bridge crosses the <unk> River . It is the second bridge in Malaysia built using the incremental launch method . <unk> Road in <unk> is named after a friend of James Brooke , Sir Henry <unk> .

= = = = Public transportation = = = =

<unk> has a long @-@ distance bus station , located at <unk> Jaya , 5 km ( 3 mi ) northeast of the town centre . Among the areas served by the bus station are : <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> , Indonesia . The bus companies that serve the station are the <unk> <unk> <unk> . <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> bus lines . There are also buses that serve the town area . Taxi service is also available .

= = = Air = = =

The old <unk> airport was built in 1955 in the town centre . It once held the Guinness World Record of nearest airport to town . On 19 December 2002 , the airport was replaced by a new airport , which is located 23 km ( 14 mi ) away from the town centre . The surroundings of the old airport were developed into commercial and residential projects while the runaway is reserved for <unk> International <unk> Festival . The new airport has a runway measuring 2 @,@ <unk> m ( 9 @,@ 006 ft ) , capable of handling planes as large as the Airbus <unk> . The airport currently serves three major airlines : Malaysia Airlines ( <unk> ) , Air Asia , and <unk> , connecting to domestic destinations such as : <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , Kuala <unk> , and <unk> <unk> .

= = = Water = = =

There is a <unk> terminal at <unk> that serves the rural areas of <unk> Division . Among the destinations that can be reached by express boat from <unk> are : <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> .

= = Other utilities = =

= = = Courts of law and legal enforcement = = =

The current court complex is located at <unk> <unk> Road . It comprises the High Court , the Sessions Court , and the <unk> Court . <unk> also has <unk> <unk> Court , located at <unk> <unk> , whose area of jurisdiction covers <unk> District and <unk> districts . The <unk> central police station is located at <unk> Hussein <unk> Road , with other police stations located at <unk> <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> . There is also a central prison in <unk> , which doubles as a <unk> centre .

= = = Healthcare = = =

<unk> Hospital started operation in 1968 . It is located at <unk> Road , 12 km ( 7 @.@ 5 mi ) from the town centre . Following renovations completed on 21 May 2000 , the hospital is now equipped with 200 beds . As of 2011 , the hospital provides <unk> services in seven medical disciplines . <unk> also has one <unk> , <unk> <unk> . There are two private hospitals in <unk> : Columbia Asia Hospital and <unk> Medical Centre .

= = = Education = = =

There are about 50 primary and eight secondary schools in <unk> . All the schools under the National Education System are managed by the <unk> District Education Office . The oldest primary schools in <unk> are St Anthony 's Primary School ( Roman Catholic Mission School ) , Chung <unk> Primary School , and the <unk> <unk> <unk> Primary School , which were established in the early 1960s . The <unk> Government Secondary School was built in 1964 . It is now known as <unk> <unk> , the oldest secondary school in the town . <unk> also has one Chinese independent school , Kai Dee Middle School ( <unk> ) . The Shell Oil Company established the <unk> International School in 1982 to meet the primary education needs of Shell employees ' children . The school provides English National Curriculum ( <unk> ) for literacy and <unk> and International Primary Curriculum ( IPC ) for other subjects .

<unk> <unk> <unk> Campus was started as the National <unk> Training Centre , <unk> , in 1974 . The oldest campus in <unk> , it was relocated to <unk> in 1987 as a branch campus of the <unk> <unk> Malaysia ( <unk> ) . The campus was closed down in 1992 before reopening in 2001 as <unk> <unk> Malaysia ( <unk> ) . During this period of closure , the campus was used as the site for <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ( <unk> Science Teachers ' Training College ) from 1994 to July 1999 when it was moved to <unk> <unk> as <unk> <unk> Guru <unk> <unk> Abdul <unk> ( <unk> Abdul <unk> Teachers ' Training Institute Campus ) . The <unk> campus is currently located 13 km ( 8 mi ) away from the town centre , occupying 715 ha ( 1 @,@ 767 acres ) , which can accommodate up to 2 @,@ 200 students . This branch campus currently has only one faculty , the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences , consisting of five academic departments . In 2015 <unk> was ranked 41st in the <unk> @-@ <unk> World University rankings . <unk> College , established in November 1999 , offers courses in business , information technology , language , and engineering .

There is also a technical school located 15 km ( 9 mi ) away from the town , near <unk> <unk> , occupying 20 ha ( 49 acres ) of land . The school was built in 1982 with a maximum capacity of 900 students . Among the courses offered are : automotive , mechanical and civil engineering , commerce , and fashion . Gulf Golden International Flying Academy ( <unk> ) , the first and only flying academy in <unk> , was closed in 2012 due to financial difficulties .

= = = <unk> = = =

The first public library in <unk> was built in 1971 by <unk> District Council ( <unk> ) . In 1988 the library was demolished to make way for car parks . Books from the library were moved into the former <unk> building . On 29 May 2000 , the <unk> Development Authority ( <unk> ) public library was built near the <unk> Civic Centre , which is 2 km ( 1 @.@ 2 mi ) from the town . The public library has three branches : at <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> .

= = Culture and leisure = =

= = = <unk> and recreational spots = = =

= = = = Cultural = = = =

<unk> <unk> ( <unk> village ) is a <unk> fishing village in <unk> located near <unk> River . Among the daily activities in this village are <unk> processing , fish drying , and the manufacturing of <unk> , <unk> ( salted shrimp ) , <unk> ( <unk> headgear ) , and <unk> ( a type of food cover ) . <unk> <unk> Tong temple is located at <unk> <unk> Sultan <unk> . It has a structural design with a rock garden courtyard , man @-@ made waterfall , and dragon fencing . <unk> mosque , meaning " <unk> to God " , has a man @-@ made waterfall , a fountain , and a landscape planted with flowers . The Borneo International <unk> Festival has been held yearly since 2005 at the old <unk> airport runway . It usually lasts for four to five days in September .

= = = = Historical = = = =

In 1987 a clock tower and a fountain were erected at Council <unk> Monument . A centenary stone that was erected in 1967 to commemorate the event is kept under the clock tower . The <unk> <unk> <unk> Kong temple ( near <unk> <unk> ) is believed to have been built in the 1890s to purge the town from evil spirits . The temple survived World War II , and was rebuilt after the discovery of oil and gas reserves offshore .

= = = = <unk> and conservation areas = = = =