text stringlengths 4 7.07k | text_hash stringlengths 32 32 | __index_level_0__ int64 1 1.81M |
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= = Awards = =
| 907421c19705c4f0df75d48b466e74e2 | 605 |
Cullen is the namesake of the John Cullen Award , previously given to key IHL players .
| 0268cb0193eab4852e7bafcb3db1ea5e | 607 |
= SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max =
| 38f0894c9555c4992d0fe23541c33a98 | 610 |
For the ironclad present at the Battle of Lissa of the same name , see SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max ( 1865 ) .
| d47a9ffcd74a748d7acbdfba3d6a8451 | 612 |
SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max ( German : " His Majesty 's ship Archduke Ferdinand Max " ) was a pre @-@ dreadnought battleship built by the Austro @-@ Hungarian Navy in 1902 . The second ship of the Erzherzog Karl class , she was launched on 3 October 1903 . She was assigned to the III Battleship Division .
| 7edebf280b0113c0fcf3d004139a388d | 613 |
For most of World War I , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max remained in her home port of Pola , in present @-@ day Croatia , except for four engagements . In 1914 , she formed part of the Austro @-@ Hungarian flotilla sent to protect the escape of the German ships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau from the British @-@ held Mediterrane... | f444a5273df9e5854fb88458f27bd058 | 614 |
= = Design = =
| 27a68d88afcf8b73909bed8e24598173 | 616 |
Erzherzog Ferdinand Max displaced 10 @,@ 472 long tons ( 10 @,@ 640 t ) . She was 414 feet 2 inches ( 126 @.@ 2 m ) long , had a beam of 71 feet 5 inches ( 21 @.@ 8 m ) and a draft of 24 feet 7 inches ( 7 @.@ 5 m ) . She was manned by 700 men . She and her sisters were the last and largest pre @-@ dreadnought class bu... | 4e34032d6c2ce18b043a61cd06166c8f | 618 |
Erzherzog Ferdinand Max carried a primary armament of four 24 @-@ centimeter ( 9 @.@ 4 in ) / 40 caliber guns in two twin turrets on the centerline . These guns were an Austro @-@ Hungarian replica of the British 24 cm / 40 ( 9 @.@ 4 " ) Krupp C / 94 , which was used on the Habsburgs . Her secondary armament consisted... | f96493f85a41b64c292a9ceff09ee0c9 | 619 |
= = Service history = =
| 23e5a754ef5bf8e29b4df264b6ec61aa | 621 |
At the outbreak of World War I , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was in the III division of the Austrian @-@ Hungarian battle @-@ fleet . She was mobilized on the eve of the war along with the remainder of the fleet to support the flight of SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau . The two German ships were attempting to break out of Mess... | 9bf0d655bdd429117ef005d57ae148b7 | 623 |
A major mutiny among crews of the armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro , including Sankt Georg and Kaiser Karl VI , began on 1 February 1918 . Two days later , Erzherzog Ferdinand Max and her sisters arrived in the port and assisted with the suppression of the mutiny . Following the restoration of order in the naval ... | 0632ad84eec8827fed0ec732ad19dd9d | 624 |
Near the end of World War I , the Erzherzog Karl @-@ class battleships were handed over to the newly formed State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs but Erzherzog Ferdinand Max was later transferred to Great Britain as a war reparation . She was later broken up for scrap in 1921 .
| 348de49b919534c5c2f1643dab5bdc4d | 625 |
= Ancient Egyptian deities =
| b63d51d088fca598288fb866ab25cfc6 | 628 |
Ancient Egyptian deities are the gods and goddesses worshipped in ancient Egypt . The beliefs and rituals surrounding these gods formed the core of ancient Egyptian religion , which emerged sometime in prehistory . Deities represented natural forces and phenomena , and the Egyptians supported and appeased them through... | 616e0662d06c5e10be0cd126dde9ca9b | 630 |
The gods ' complex characteristics were expressed in myths and in intricate relationships between deities : family ties , loose groups and hierarchies , and combinations of separate gods into one . Deities ' diverse appearances in art — as animals , humans , objects , and combinations of different forms — also alluded... | 02337d0ca19ae07b5c09aeb28f111825 | 631 |
In different eras , various gods were said to hold the highest position in divine society , including the solar deity Ra , the mysterious god Amun , and the mother goddess Isis . The highest deity was usually credited with the creation of the world and often connected with the life @-@ giving power of the sun . Some s... | 158b5f12cc9117afc4036140487f07c0 | 632 |
Gods were assumed to be present throughout the world , capable of influencing natural events and the course of human lives . People interacted with them in temples and unofficial shrines , for personal reasons as well as for larger goals of state rites . Egyptians prayed for divine help , used rituals to compel deitie... | d0a1d8682eee11d068d97df1619d3ebe | 633 |
= = Definition = =
| 072ebb44a589eec98e0746894f2ce987 | 635 |
The beings in ancient Egyptian tradition who might be labeled as deities are difficult to count . Egyptian texts list the names of many deities whose nature is unknown and make vague , indirect references to other gods who are not even named . The Egyptologist James P. Allen estimates that more than 1 @,@ 400 deities ... | c0faf3e376d7150d3a6535a1a8f35cdf | 637 |
The Egyptian language 's terms for these beings were nṯr , " god " , and its feminine form nṯrt , " goddess " . Scholars have tried to discern the original nature of the gods by proposing etymologies for these words , but none of these suggestions has gained acceptance , and the terms ' origin remains obscure . The hi... | de56f361cb64b5be3e0774fb718d987c | 638 |
The Egyptians distinguished nṯrw , " gods " , from rmṯ , " people " , but the meanings of the Egyptian and the English terms do not match perfectly . The term nṯr may have applied to any being that was in some way outside the sphere of everyday life . Deceased humans were called nṯr because they were considered to be ... | 010aef5bda76c85dc4c78642ee12234b | 639 |
Confronting these blurred distinctions between gods and other beings , scholars have proposed various definitions of a " deity " . One widely accepted definition , suggested by Jan Assmann , says that a deity has a cult , is involved in some aspect of the universe , and is described in mythology or other forms of writ... | aba37dcffa5913e70089348a5a610e98 | 640 |
= = Origins = =
| 8f469ef2591335e9339d17f61a3f4c42 | 642 |
The first written evidence of deities in Egypt comes from the Early Dynastic Period ( c . 3100 – 2686 BC ) . Deities must have emerged sometime in the preceding Predynastic Period ( before 3100 BC ) and grown out of prehistoric religious beliefs . Predynastic artwork depicts a variety of animal and human figures . Som... | c1e102dbfaf1e6f6d74f367e9e0d8d0d | 644 |
Many Egyptologists and anthropologists have suggested theories about how the gods developed in these early times . Gustave Jéquier , for instance , thought the Egyptians first revered primitive fetishes , then deities in animal form , and finally deities in human form , whereas Henri Frankfort argued that the gods mus... | 0665c6a33df69f934603bbbba80d832d | 645 |
Predynastic Egypt originally consisted of small , independent villages . Because many deities in later times were strongly tied to particular towns and regions , many scholars have suggested that the pantheon formed as disparate communities coalesced into larger states , spreading and intermingling the worship of the ... | 1bea24cfd7d75cea8adb72543e0f873e | 646 |
The final step in the formation of Egyptian religion was the unification of Egypt , in which rulers from Upper Egypt made themselves pharaohs of the entire country . These sacred kings and their subordinates assumed the exclusive right to interact with the gods , and kingship became the unifying focus of the religion ... | f1f0fe99f36506bb7c5670c51936a53a | 647 |
New gods continued to emerge after this transformation . Some important deities like Isis and Amun are not known to have appeared until the Old Kingdom ( c . 2686 – 2181 BC ) . Places and concepts could suddenly inspire the creation of a deity to represent them , and deities were sometimes created to serve as opposite... | c2b8938aa34af5a5931774ee04f14821 | 648 |
Through contact with neighboring civilizations , the Egyptians also adopted foreign deities . Dedun , who is first mentioned in the Old Kingdom , may have come from Nubia , and Baal , Anat , and Astarte , among others , were adopted from Canaanite religion during the New Kingdom ( c . 1550 – 1070 BC ) . In Greek and R... | 20a6004eb753a4db1fa80e3165a76e30 | 649 |
= = Characteristics = =
| 7578e00b1806474d133aedda48bbb013 | 651 |
Modern knowledge of Egyptian beliefs about the gods is mostly drawn from religious writings produced by the nation 's scribes and priests . These people were the elite of Egyptian society and were very distinct from the general populace , most of whom were illiterate . Little is known about how well this broader popul... | 0694fb66ae7c7db4dff585b4937ddffc | 653 |
= = = Roles = = =
| 21c0b68c593f4936fcab281ca7d3a1d3 | 655 |
Most Egyptian deities represent natural or social phenomena . The gods were generally said to be immanent in these phenomena — to be present within nature . The types of phenomena they represented include physical places and objects as well as abstract concepts and forces . The god Shu was the deification of all the w... | 73cd0ee624f73fcde3a545488496107d | 657 |
Not all aspects of existence were seen as deities . Although many deities were connected with the Nile , no god personified it in the way that Ra personified the sun . Short @-@ lived phenomena , like rainbows or eclipses , were not represented by gods ; neither were elements like fire and water or many other componen... | ad1858da9771029c94a79defd8da2dc2 | 658 |
The roles of each deity were fluid , and each god could expand its nature to take on new characteristics . As a result , gods ' roles are difficult to categorize or define . But despite their flexibility , the gods had limited abilities and spheres of influence . Not even the creator god could reach beyond the boundar... | 465e5a13202ddb8bb75e193ce122841e | 659 |
The deities with the most limited and specialized domains are often called " minor divinities " or " demons " in modern writing , although there is no firm definition for these terms . Among these lesser deities , Egyptologist Claude Traunecker draws a distinction between " genies " — specialized patron spirits of cer... | 79682cc5f8dd35edd500f33efcb0e99a | 660 |
= = = Behavior = = =
| cfdffbbd2703db37ccf42a1bb920d608 | 662 |
Divine behavior was believed to govern all of nature . Except for the few deities who disrupted the divine order , the gods ' actions maintained maat and created and sustained all living things . They did this work using a force the Egyptians called heka , a term usually translated as " magic " . Heka was a fundamenta... | 4791061d09c1bea0eea93417fb61bcbb | 664 |
The gods ' actions in the present are described and praised in hymns and funerary texts . In contrast , mythology mainly concerns the gods ' actions during a vaguely imagined past in which the gods were present on earth and interacted directly with humans . The events of this past time set the pattern for the events o... | be4cb2639bad7bb0ed67905b705db546 | 665 |
In myth , the gods behave much like humans . They feel emotion ; they can eat , drink , fight , weep , sicken , and die . Some have unique character traits . Set is aggressive and impulsive , and Thoth , patron of writing and knowledge , is prone to long @-@ winded speeches . Yet overall , the gods are more like arche... | 4a4f40b5a0069ae40edd06e7a3ed51a2 | 666 |
The first divine act is the creation of the cosmos , described in several creation myths . They focus on different gods , each of which may act as creator deities . The eight gods of the Ogdoad , who represent the chaos that precedes creation , give birth to the sun god , who establishes order in the newly formed worl... | 9fb10061f4d7a04a8afd163d7c8b1346 | 667 |
A recurring theme in these myths is the effort of the gods to maintain maat against the forces of disorder . They fight vicious battles with the forces of chaos at the start of creation . Ra and Apep , battling each other each night , continue this struggle into the present . Another prominent theme is the gods ' deat... | c59f69f1853ec776b10d6bb0cdda9374 | 668 |
= = = Locations = = =
| 4e8790a8770689894eb40f19b02192b8 | 670 |
Gods were linked with specific regions of the universe . In Egyptian tradition , the world includes the earth , the sky , and the Duat . Surrounding them is the dark formlessness that existed before creation . The gods in general were said to dwell in the sky , although gods whose roles were linked with other parts of... | b481363fd9e9b734a5e8112fe8a45b82 | 672 |
In the time after myth , most gods were said to be either in the sky or invisibly present within the world . Temples were their main means of contact with humanity . Each day , it was believed , the gods moved from the divine realm to their temples , their homes in the human world . There they inhabited the cult image... | 5c6f7d66ce2ca87299c522e8890e561c | 673 |
= = = Names and epithets = = =
| 7da1d73c948b8ebfd201008781964a21 | 675 |
In Egyptian belief , names express the fundamental nature of the things to which they refer . In keeping with this belief , the names of deities often relate to their roles or origins . The name of the predatory goddess Sekhmet means " powerful one " , the name of the mysterious god Amun means " hidden one " , and the... | eaa0d52716dc61fc8b0a3428c8aabb93 | 677 |
The Egyptians also devised false etymologies giving more meanings to divine names . A passage in the Coffin Texts renders the name of the funerary god Sokar as sk r , meaning " cleaning of the mouth " , to link his name with his role in the Opening of the Mouth ritual , while one in the Pyramid Texts says the name is ... | d7b4177e863032c1fa8ceee47f8b5b8a | 678 |
The gods were believed to have many names . Among them were secret names that conveyed their true natures more profoundly than others . To know the true name of a deity was to have power over it . The importance of names is demonstrated by a myth in which Isis poisons the superior god Ra and refuses to cure him unless... | 7a8e1561ff9c1d42c82e78670dc478ce | 679 |
In addition to their names , gods were given epithets , like " possessor of splendor " , " ruler of Abydos " , or " lord of the sky " , that describe some aspect of their roles or their worship . Because of the gods ' multiple and overlapping roles , deities can have many epithets — with more important gods accumulati... | c2562e3764f02b02af14d9e420b8703f | 680 |
= = = Relationships = = =
| e23618dbd64d81fe4e2ab2045e41f99f | 682 |
Egyptian deities are connected in a complex and shifting array of relationships . A god 's connections and interactions with other deities helped define its character . Thus Isis , as the mother and protector of Horus , was a great healer as well as the patroness of kings . Such relationships were the base material fr... | 3f7046a2f91ab5d405e71c9c84aebae1 | 684 |
Family relationships are a common type of connection between gods . Deities often form male and female pairs , reflecting the importance of procreation in Egyptian religious thought . Families of three deities , with a father , mother , and child , represent the creation of new life and the succession of the father by... | f6532a73345d4facba5a02241a049cba | 685 |
Other divine groups were composed of deities with interrelated roles , or who together represented a region of the Egyptian mythological cosmos . There were sets of gods for the hours of the day and night and for each nome ( province ) of Egypt . Some of these groups contain a specific , symbolically important number ... | fc82328f0274f8d7b855e2d52afb34cd | 686 |
Nine , the product of three and three , represents a multitude , so the Egyptians called several large groups " enneads " , or sets of nine , even if they had more than nine members . The most prominent ennead was the Ennead of Heliopolis , an extended family of deities descended from the creator god Atum , which inco... | 3d727a75417d6eb8832e54415bf917cb | 687 |
This divine assemblage had a vague and changeable hierarchy . Gods with broad influence in the cosmos or who were mythologically older than others had higher positions in divine society . At the apex of this society was the king of the gods , who was usually identified with the creator deity . In different periods of ... | 730f444f6697f047ee1006ff44738de8 | 688 |
= = = Manifestations and combinations = = =
| 1389358973f02c6b160c8ab7e4e1125b | 690 |
The gods were believed to manifest in many forms . The Egyptians had complex conception of the human soul , consisting of several parts . The spirits of the gods were composed of many of these same elements . The ba was the component of the human or divine soul that affected the world around it . Any visible manifesta... | 100ed5d389c905711ca44704db17ec25 | 692 |
Nationally important deities gave rise to local manifestations , which sometimes absorbed the characteristics of older regional gods . Horus had many forms tied to particular places , including Horus of Nekhen , Horus of Buhen , and Horus of Edfu . Such local manifestations could be treated almost as separate beings .... | 8fba40533ae9796182b12b412033888b | 693 |
Gods were combined with each other as easily as they were divided . A god could be called the ba of another , or two or more deities could be joined into one god with a combined name and iconography . Local gods were linked with greater ones , and deities with similar functions were combined . Ra was connected with th... | e4d3813500039c64de33aa256e13172b | 694 |
= = = The Aten and possible monotheism = = =
| 7b3200d210396e7461a724d32f0cddad | 696 |
In the reign of Akhenaten ( c . 1353 – 1336 BC ) in the mid @-@ New Kingdom , a single solar deity , the Aten , became the sole focus of the state religion . Akhenaten ceased to fund the temples of other deities and erased the gods ' names and images on monuments , targeting Amun in particular . This new religious sys... | 0a05dfd6f8c45d73b02966ea4a3d1b74 | 698 |
= = = Unity of the divine in traditional religion = = =
| 1763569147560539232cca49e95cbad0 | 700 |
Scholars have long debated whether traditional Egyptian religion ever asserted that the multiple gods were , on a deeper level , unified . Reasons for this debate include the practice of syncretism , which might suggest that all the separate gods could ultimately merge into one , and the tendency of Egyptian texts to ... | 15cc34e1087cae3351093b5eae7a6253 | 702 |
In 1971 , Erik Hornung published a study rebutting these views . He points out that in any given period many deities , even minor ones , were described as superior to all others . He also argues that the unspecified " god " in the wisdom texts is a generic term for whichever deity the reader chooses to revere . Althou... | 9125828589a72b92fb7c34aff5f9a842 | 703 |
Hornung 's arguments have greatly influenced other scholars of Egyptian religion , but some still believe that at times the gods were more unified than he allows . Jan Assmann maintains that the notion of a single deity developed slowly through the New Kingdom , beginning with a focus on Amun @-@ Ra as the all @-@ imp... | 7d070631a84514f7b40826f9a8aee32b | 704 |
= = Descriptions and depictions = =
| 38fb7fdb7f32ff0dd5ce286dde386495 | 706 |
Egyptian writings describe the gods ' bodies in detail . They are made of precious materials ; their flesh is gold , their bones are silver , and their hair is lapis lazuli . They give off a scent that the Egyptians likened to the incense used in rituals . Some texts give precise descriptions of particular deities , i... | 4c73fca17a16e340b0e9472667ed69bd | 708 |
Most gods were depicted in several ways . Hathor could be a cow , cobra , lioness , or a woman with bovine horns or ears . By depicting a given god in different ways , the Egyptians expressed different aspects of its essential nature . The gods are depicted in a finite number of these symbolic forms , so that deities ... | 6aa5d352d9e2ffa3a50cc8dfa5c0574c | 709 |
Certain features of divine images are more useful than others in determining a god 's identity . The head of a given divine image is particularly significant . In a hybrid image , the head represents the original form of the being depicted , so that , as the Egyptologist Henry Fischer put it , " a lion @-@ headed godd... | 9bbf5a685c0cc3a26b31eea4c6399bc7 | 710 |
The forms in which the gods are shown , although diverse , are limited in many ways . Many creatures that are widespread in Egypt were never used in divine iconography , whereas a few , such as falcons , cobras , and cattle , can each represent many deities . Animals that were absent from Egypt in the early stages of ... | c16d0accffc358e1eca21f4c8718361d | 711 |
The basic anthropomorphic form varies . Child gods are depicted nude , as are some adult gods when their procreative powers are emphasized . Certain male deities are given heavy bellies and breasts , signifying either androgyny or prosperity and abundance . Whereas most male gods have red skin and most goddesses are y... | badaecf1cbd155534a0e2a0776e85cf4 | 712 |
= = Interactions with humans = =
| 12d13b17e932eeb146bb75a338f75dcb | 714 |
= = = Relationship with the pharaoh = = =
| bac1f776747dbcad1d9f61417556d8f3 | 717 |
In official writings , pharaohs are said to be divine , and they are constantly depicted in the company of the deities of the pantheon . Each pharaoh and his predecessors were considered the successors of the gods who had ruled Egypt in mythic prehistory . Living kings were equated with Horus and called the " son " of... | 715c8bfe56edc89d95f2d046373941a9 | 719 |
However much it was believed , the king 's divine status was the rationale for his role as Egypt 's representative to the gods , as he formed a link between the divine and human realms . The Egyptians believed the gods needed temples to dwell in , as well as the periodic performance of rituals and presentation of offe... | 6a81866d436c6638008110fab1a9d304 | 720 |
= = = Presence in the human world = = =
| e378afa2064be98966cf18b8ed9849f5 | 722 |
Although the Egyptians believed their gods to be present in the world around them , contact between the human and divine realms was mostly limited to specific circumstances . In literature , gods may appear to humans in a physical form , but in real life the Egyptians were limited to more indirect means of communicati... | 4a6c75fa6be047084e0d9ac248c12eb9 | 724 |
The ba of a god was said to periodically leave the divine realm to dwell in the images of that god . By inhabiting these images , the gods left their concealed state and took on a physical form . To the Egyptians , a place or object that was ḏsr — " sacred " — was isolated and ritually pure , and thus fit for a god to... | da24e386ecafa522b09edeb8a4053afa | 725 |
Temples , where the state rituals were carried out , were filled with images of the gods . The most important temple image was the cult statue in the inner sanctuary . These statues were usually less than life @-@ size , and made of the same precious materials that were said to form the gods ' bodies . Many temples ha... | 70bb99e5f5a07acc6c141ac64de30604 | 726 |
To insulate the sacred power in the sanctuary from the impurities of the outside world , the Egyptians enclosed temple sanctuaries and greatly restricted access to them . People other than kings and high priests were thus denied contact with cult statues . The only exception was during festival processions , when the ... | a36f5c41d8ff94f3f41f2da03eb07e71 | 727 |
= = = Intervention in human lives = = =
| aef7b339fc22f6a8a6e485b772aaba62 | 729 |
Egyptian gods were involved in human lives as well as in the overarching order of nature . This divine influence applied mainly to Egypt , as foreign peoples were traditionally believed to be outside the divine order . But in the New Kingdom , when other nations were under Egyptian control , foreigners were said to be... | 95e11879cf6ca7091b3f90e1a7a4ab90 | 731 |
Thoth , as the overseer of time , was said to allot fixed lifespans to both humans and gods . Other gods were also said to govern the length of human lives , including Meskhenet , who presided over birth , and Shai , the personification of fate . Thus the time and manner of death was the main meaning of the Egyptian c... | 84b095b52fe7a8903dde4e656aa547b8 | 732 |
Humans had free will to ignore divine guidance and the behavior required by maat , but by doing so they could bring divine punishment upon themselves . A deity carried out this punishment using its ba , the force that manifested the god 's power in the human world . Natural disasters and human ailments were seen as th... | 4736b1105617e67879bd5532fe4728d7 | 733 |
Egyptian texts take different views on whether the gods are responsible when humans suffer unjustly . Misfortune was often seen as a product of isfet , the cosmic disorder that was the opposite of maat , and therefore the gods were not guilty of causing evil events . Some deities who were closely connected with isfet ... | 8fc9579b5bbdbb49649b8e56bd1d99e8 | 734 |
= = = Worship = = =
| f359a548785b5d37db735ac10ab2f051 | 736 |
Official religious practices , which maintained maat for the benefit of all Egypt , were related to , but distinct from , the religious practices of ordinary people , who sought the gods ' help for their personal problems .
| c8c9277074d278cf767317f3aa69a18e | 738 |
Official religion involved a variety of rituals , based in temples . Some rites were performed every day , whereas others were festivals , taking place at longer intervals and often limited to a particular temple or deity . The gods received their offerings in daily ceremonies , in which their statues were clothed , a... | 6380555bd1c2cb8c9511f6043d61e432 | 739 |
Festivals often involved a ceremonial procession in which a cult image was carried out of the temple in a barque @-@ shaped shrine . These processions served various purposes . In Roman times , when local deities of all kinds were believed to have power over the Nile inundation , processions in many communities carrie... | 886ed9a6781f2f9f15f9fafed876bcac | 740 |
Personal interaction with the gods took many forms . People who wanted information or advice consulted oracles , run by temples , that were supposed to convey gods ' answers to questions . Amulets and other images of protective deities were used to ward off the demons that might threaten human well @-@ being or to imp... | 0f8737ef5967d48ca96eb1c47cff6bd9 | 741 |
Prayer and private offerings are generally called " personal piety " : acts that reflect a close relationship between an individual and a god . Evidence of personal piety is scant before the New Kingdom . Votive offerings and personal names , many of which are theophoric , suggest that commoners felt some connection b... | 5e20ea66076764aeef0ef14451baee48 | 742 |
The worship of some Egyptian gods spread to neighboring lands , especially to Canaan and Nubia during the New Kingdom , when those regions were under pharaonic control . In Canaan , the exported deities , including Hathor , Amun , and Set , were often syncretized with native gods , who in turn spread to Egypt . The Eg... | 7a30c425f860325c40a5388b587cf595 | 743 |
Under the Greek Ptolemaic Dynasty and then Roman rule , Greeks and Romans introduced their own deities to Egypt . These newcomers equated the Egyptian gods with their own , as part of the Greco @-@ Roman tradition of interpretatio graeca . But the worship of the native gods was not swallowed up by that of foreign ones... | 76c0225290400f1c8f9e87e653e5b495 | 744 |
Temples and cults in Egypt itself declined as the Roman economy deteriorated in the third century AD , and beginning in the fourth century , Christians suppressed the veneration of Egyptian deities . The last formal cults , at Philae , died out in the fifth or sixth century . Most beliefs surrounding the gods themselv... | 75a8dbcd5ce1cd879815f6deb371a383 | 745 |
= South of Heaven =
| ef40e48ca8eff2a37fae743e82250fc6 | 748 |
South of Heaven is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer . Released on July 5 , 1988 , the album was the band 's second collaboration with record producer Rick Rubin , whose production skills on Slayer 's previous album Reign in Blood had helped the band 's sound evolve .
| 678e81df5ba0e6d8ba3650ad7f9d2b7e | 750 |
South of Heaven was Slayer 's second album to enter the Billboard 200 , and its last to be released by Def Jam Recordings , although the album became an American Recordings album after Rick Rubin ended his partnership with Russell Simmons . It was one of only two Def Jam titles to be distributed by Geffen Records thro... | fbff14c4b1d28c055a45f9a94ff18c27 | 751 |
In order to offset the pace of the group 's previous album , Slayer deliberately slowed down the album 's tempo . In contrast to their previous albums , the band utilized undistorted guitars and toned @-@ down vocals . While some critics praised this musical change , others — more accustomed to the style of earlier re... | 20aa945ce8adc17d213772664860f127 | 752 |
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