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have languages for animals developed over time similar to that of human beings, or say can a lion in this time communicate with a lion five hundred years ago?

While most other animals can *communicate*, they don't have true *language*. Many believe that the development of language also coincided with the development of conscious thought. In other words, the reason humans are sentient creatures and no other animal is is *because* we have language, and can use it not just to communicate but to articulate thoughts.Pretty sure effective research on this topic has been going on for too little time to notice a diference. On the other hand, though, research found some already really advanced types of communications in nature, for example, plants send chemical signals to near trees of the same species to warn about droughts or predators so that they can react quickerYes they develope and change over time depending on complexity. Basic levels of communication usually remain, body language, tone etc . An example of this is in dolphin pods where 2 different pods will have 2 distinct communication dialectsI can say for whales most likely not, due to the ambient noise level in the sea getting louder because of ships, they have become far higher pitch, which likely won’t translate well 500 years ago', "Another interesting question would be not just over time, but over distances. Just like we can't understand someone that speaks a different language from a different country, I mean unless we learn their language.Animals, other than humans do not have languages. A language is a symbolic representation of experience and involves abstract capacity.

If you are you because you got half your DNA from each of your parents, why are older/younger siblings not physical carbon copies of each other?

Take 10,000 coins, and number them. Now flip them . If you do that 3 times, presuming your toss was fair, you'd expect that each time about 5,000 coins will be heads and 5,000 coins will be tails . If the heads are things you got from your father, the tails are things you got from your mother. How often do you expect that you would get the exact same order of coins . Yes, each sperm has only half of each parents DNA, and the halves are made from very small bits of DNA so there are lots of potential combinations.

How is a space rocket's weight supported while on the launch pad?

There are spots near the engine that actually sit on points that extend up on the pad. For the spaceX rockets they use [hold down clamps], which is basically raised metal pads, and part of the motor support structure just sits on top of them. They have hydraulic tops to lock it into place. [You can see more]. There are additional points that help stabilize it somewhat on the tower, but they don't hold the weight.

How does gum have calories if we don’t actually eat it?

You're getting calories from the flavoring and sugar that you swallow and absorb through the area underneath your tongue

Sometimes I get a sudden really loud high pitched ringing in one ear, (can be any one) that fades away quickly. What is it and why does it happen?

Here is a wonderful tip for tinnitus or ringing of the ear. Put your palms over your ears with your fingers interlaced on the base of your skull. Get your pointer and middle finger on both hands and tap the base of your skull for 15-30 seconds. Makes it go away like magic. You're welcome.

If drums produce sounds that correspond to certain frequencies (e.g., C#, F), how is it that drums, when played, do not clash with the songs in different keys?

I don't know of a drummer that tunes their drum to a note. They all go for sound and punch. The sound is too short for thetmre to be a note in them. This is why things like steel drums and tuned steel percussion are tuned with a special tuner, that repeats the sound in their circutry. But you can end up getting clashing sounds if your drums have long echo. But generally you always tune and set membranes so you don't get the echo.

How does seeing a crush or a SO cause the feeling of lightheadedness and 'butterflies' in the stomach? What are the butterflies?

I think I know this one! It's because the longest nerve in the body goes from your brain all the way down to your stomach/bum. It's called the vagus nerve. It sends signals up to your brain, and vice-versa. That's why when you're nervous, you can feel it in your throat, torso or stomach. At least that's what my therapist briefly explained to me.We usually feel cocoon towards regular people. A crush will cause these to turn to butterflies.It's the activation of the basal ganglia in the brain, which is associated with dopamine production. The activation of this pleasure zone causes an immediate physiological response. The heart beats fast, your hands will get cold and sweaty and you’re super-focused on that person. It can also be related to the fight or flight reflex in humans, which means in a way you are super nervous about this person you care for. That activates your adrenaline glands and can make you feel excitable as if you're on a roller coaster.

Why don’t our ring fingers have the same mobility as our other fingers?

Because that is how humans evolved. Either there was never a mutation that lead to a separate muscle for controlling the ring finger, or maybe there was but it didn't give enough of an advantage that it propagated through the population. Maybe it did but there was some natural disaster that wiped out the population that had the mutation. & #x200B; Whatever happened, humans didn't evolve to have the complete independent control of the ring finger

Why does the WiFi signal get better as soon as you disconnect then connect back to it?

I'm not sure that's actually a thing. But if you are getting inconsistent wifi performance, you should check the wifi channel. There are a fixed number of these and if you are using the same channel as a neighbour it can cause issues when you are both using it. On my router I browse into the admin and there is an option to scan and show you which channels are being used and you can change them.

why have planes stopped getting bigger?

Because there's absolutely no need for larger aircraft. The AN-225 was built to transport the then-Soviet Buran much like the American Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, which was a heavily modified 747, not out of any need for massive transport capacity. Only one was ever built. There are many disadvantages to large aircraft. The first is that designing them creates ever-increasing engineering challenges. The second is that massive planes need huge runways to takeoff and and, which means fewer and fewer airports around the world are capable of supporting said aircraft. This is especially true for military transports, which often need to land on makeshift runways made of out of dirt somewhere in the desert or mountains. These airstrips are incapable of supporting massive planes. As for commercial use, again, there's simply no benefit for huge planes and no demand for them. Cargo and passenger airlines would much rather have the flexibility of having more frequent flights using smaller planes. This is way more profitable for them. The Airbus A380, the largest passenger plane, was a commercial failure because there was simply not enough demand for planes with that capacity, even on the most popular routes. In short, larger planes are harder and more expensive to build, there's no demand for them because they're not economical, they can't get to as many places as smaller planes, and there's nothing you can't do with more smaller planes instead of fewer giant ones.The largest planes race was largely for military use. Since the Cold War changed focus in the 1980s, there has been far less of a need to rapidly carry tanks around the world and far *more* of a need for planes that can land on underdeveloped runways. Megahuge planes like the AN225 are not relevant any more, so budgets have gone in a different direction.

What is happening in your stomach when you feel like it's "dropping" on a roller coaster?

Alright, I have to ask because I don't see it listed. I get this feeling in my skull and stomach. Am I feeling my brain sloshing around? I also tense up and get severe pounding headaches on rollercoasters so my wife thinks I'm a real killjoy because she loves them.Never understood this , I’ve never felt anything in or near my stomach, it’s more like that feeling when you rub the head of your member with some forceMy stomach? ELI5 why it happens to my *balls.*Ok I have a follow-up question — why is it that some people feel sick riding rollercoasters and other people love them? I honestly feel like my internal organs are ricocheting off my skeleton when I ride one.

Why is it recommended to breathe in through the nose and out through the mouth when exercising?

Believe it or not, you only use a small percentage of the oxygen you breath in. By breathing in through the nose you bring air in slowly and at the same time your lungs are filling with CO2 to expel. By expelling the air through your mouth, you get rid of more CO2 faster. Usually when you start to feel out of breath it's not because you lack oxygen but you have too much CO2 to expel. So essentially, it regulates your oxygen intake and CO2 output more efficiently so you can last longer.

How do archeologists know where to dig?

Not a general reply, but in certain Near Eastern contexts , major settlements from before the Greek period are obvious to the naked eye. People built houses and other walls primarily with mud brick, which is prone to erosion and collapse. When a mud brick house collapses due to erosion, destruction, or intentional leveling for new constitution, it traps everything that was in the house. It also raises the ground by something like half a meter. Sites that were occupied often over thousands of years grow to be artificial hills called tells. These things are all over the Levant. Most people looking at one of these sites would think it's a very odd hill. An archaeologist familiar with the phenomenon has no trouble identifying them as tells. Then to narrow down within these sites they'll use sonar and surface surveys to guess at where major architecture is.

Why Isn't the Milk Way expanding as fast as the rest of the universe? Or Is it?

The Milky Way isn't expanding at all. On the scale of galaxies and even galaxy clusters, gravity is much stronger than the expansion of the universe, so everything stays together. It's only on *really* massive scales that we see expansion happening.

Why do strongmen have more body fat & smaller muscles than bodybuilders but can lift heavier?

More calories for their muscles to use. When it's showtime for body builders they're leaning out and on super strict cutting diets.

how do ICBM travel such long distance in short amount of time? Can they be intercepted?

ICBM's go super fast and super high. They use massive rockets to propel themselves at speeds that boggle the mind, and use this speed to traverse vast distances. They use gravity to ensure that they come down where they are supposed to. Can they be intercepted? Yes. Easily? No. Because of their speed, radar can have trouble picking them up, and missiles can have trouble tracking them and keeping up to them. Also, due to their height, you need your own massive rocket to reach them during most of their journey, and once they are nearing the ground, you need an even *faster* missile to intercept them before they reach their target. Currently, no functional anti-missile system is publicly described, due to the fact that their functions are top-secret. AFAIK, one of the U.S.'s current systems involves intercepting missiles right as they launch, which is when they are moving their slowest. This requires ships armed with the weapon to patrol most of the world to ensure that they are within range of any enemy missile sites.

Why do some dead batteries work again after you stop using them for a while?

It depends on what type it is. The simple answer is voltage recovery. Imagine going for a run. You run until you can't anymore so you stop. Even if you wait for only 5 minutes, you start to recover your energy and can run for a bit longer. I can go into the different battery chemistry types if you want?

Why does animal camouflage, for the most part, not work on humans? We can often see what the camouflage is attempting to do, but we can usually spot an animal pretty quickly.

Can we? There's a bunch of confirmation bias, you only recognize the ones you spot and never realize the ones you don't see . Camouflage is extremely effective. That being said, there are some things going on. camouflage is a designed to work more at a distance and works best with nonmoving objects. Most of the things we see are very close up or moving. Then there's a matter of what your camouflaging against. Different animals have different senses, ever notice how hunting vests are orange? Deer don't see orange so it doesn't matter if a hunting vest is orange. We might have different senses that allow us to easily pierce camouflage. Finally human brains are the most complex and powerful computers in existence. It can abstract patterns and make connections like nothing else. It can recognize a part of an animal and knowing what that animal looks like, it can reclassify what it previously thought to be background.

why is a chip on a credit card considered ‘safer’ than swiping the magnetic strip?

A *really* ELI5 explanation is that the chip effectively produces one-time card numbers that are only valid for single transactions, whereas a magstrip always produces the same card number. It's not quite that simple, but that's sort of the idea. Since the data produced by the chip card is only valid for a single transaction, a seller or middleman has no incentive to store or reuse the data, unlike in a magstrip transaction, in which the actual card number is used and can thus be reused to, eg, drain the account or make fraudulent purchases.

How Hong Kong could leave China?

> how can Hong Kong leave china? Same way the US left the Britain; armed revolution. > But what about the world? Of course, there are some nations like the USA or the U.K that will stand up for Hong Kong and its people but if they do that's a 100% chance they will have to go to war with China. The US and UK will do absolutely nothing. Hong Kong isn't worth the trouble. > Is there a way that Hong Kong could be its own nation peacefully or will it just end up being a diplomatic nightmare that could end with China doing whatever they want. No, because China just doesn't work that way. Geopolitically, it **can't**. China, historically, has only two states that it ever exists in; a strong nation with a centrally government that *dictates* control to individual areas, or complete anarchy where China is broken up into pieces. China cannot allow Hong Kong to leave, because then other parts will *also* leave. That region has always, historically, been the first part to secede from China in the event of trouble. Granted, there *are* things that the outside world can do to push things in a favorable direction, but they would likely lead to the breakup of China as a nation-state. Which would be very chaotic in the interim .

How do celebrities, like OJ Simpson, who lose their fortunes still live seemingly lavish lifestyles?

If you're famous, you can often get a free ride or even get paid to show up at events or parties. Plus, rich and famous people have rich and famous friends. Shit, even some no name, not rich people can live a somewhat lavish lifestyle by knowing the right people. Look at Kato Kaelin.

Why is the download of a software update 100 MB, but does it need 1 GB of free space to complete the installation?

Think about it like an inflatable boat. While deflated it takes up very little space and is easy to move around, but you can't really use it for its purpuse. But when you inflate it you can use it as intended.It might be highly compressed, and decompression takes up space, then it has to install which takes up more space. At the end the decompressed contents are deleted. So you end up needing 2x the file size + the download to install somethingSetup files are heavily compressed to save download bandwidth/time. During installation, the setup program unpacks all the files into proper locations. You may be asking why don't just use those files still packed to save space? It's because uncompressed files can be read and written to, fastest, at full disk speed. If you can accept slower read/write speed for lower used space, you can set the folder to use compression. For Windows, right click the folder > Properties > Advanced button > enable "Compress contents to save disk space" and click OK a few times to compress the folder. It will free up some space but may not back down to 100MB since Windows NTFS may use different compression algorithm from the original compression.

Why are online password managers so much safer than writing passwords in a book that’s kept in a safe place?

It depends what threat you're defending against If you're worried about someone breaking into your house and stealing your banking information then a physical book is a bad idea and a password manager is better If you're worried about being directly targeted because you're a high value target then a password manager isn't a good idea because it puts all your eggs in one basket If you're worried about systems getting breached and giving up your password so you want to have passwords that are complicated and hard to crack, and unique for each site without being super time consuming then you want a password manager The third threat is far far more likely. You're most likely to be compromised due to password reuse these days

Why do airplane passengers need to turn off cellphones or electronic devices while a plane takes off/lands?

I would imagine that today the only good reason that they would want all the devices — phones, Ipads, laptops, etc. — turned off and put away, during takeoff and landing, is so that, if there were an emergency, they wouldn't go flying around the cabin and brain someone.