Datasets:

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PranavHarshan

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sharegpt_formatted_pubmed_rct

like 0

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to determine if the preoperative administration of @ ml of a gelatin colloid solution intravenously before hip fracture surgery improves outcome , compared with a conventional i.v. fluid regime with a crystalloid solution .", "randomized , double blind , controlled trial of i.v. saline vs colloid for @ patients having hip fracture surgery admitted to a district general hospital .", "patients were followed up for @ yr .", "there was no statistically significant difference between groups for mortality ( @-day mortality @/@ for saline group vs @/@ for colloid group , @ % confidence intervals @-@ @ ) , length of hospital stay ( @ days vs @ days , @ % ci -@ to @ ) , or occurrence of postoperative complications .", "the inclusion of @ ml of colloid solution to the i.v. fluid regime before hip fracture surgery does not improve outcome ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the aim of this study was to determine if the preoperative administration of @ ml of a gelatin colloid solution intravenously before hip fracture surgery improves outcome , compared with a conventional i.v. fluid regime with a crystalloid solution .', 'randomized , double blind , controlled trial of i.v. saline vs colloid for @ patients having hip fracture surgery admitted to a district general hospital .', 'patients were followed up for @ yr .', 'there was no statistically significant difference between groups for mortality ( @-day mortality @/@ for saline group vs @/@ for colloid group , @ % confidence intervals @-@ @ ) , length of hospital stay ( @ days vs @ days , @ % ci -@ to @ ) , or occurrence of postoperative complications .', 'the inclusion of @ ml of colloid solution to the i.v. fluid regime before hip fracture surgery does not improve outcome .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "transdermal nicotine therapy has shown promise as a smoking cessation aid , but questions about its contact sensitization potential and long-term topical safety have been raised .", "the purpose of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of one nicotine transdermal system ( nicoderm , marion merrell dow inc , kansas city , mo , and alza corporation , palo alto , calif ) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking .", "this study comprised two phases separated by a @-week rest interval .", "during phase @ , a @-day open-label induction period , subjects wore only active transdermal nicotine systems .", "during phase @ , a @-day double-blind challenge period , subjects wore active and placebo systems concurrently .", "upon removal of each patch , skin sites were evaluated for signs of irritation , and subjective complaints such as itching or burning were recorded .", "of the @ subjects completing the study , @ ( @ % ) exhibited evidence of delayed contact sensitization manifested as erythema with or without infiltration and confined solely to sites of active transdermal nicotine system application .", "nonallergic skin irritation was observed in less than @ % of all applications .", "all reactions resolved without incident .", "no subjects developed systemic reactions .", "the transdermal nicotine system used in this trial had a low contact sensitization incidence and was well tolerated topically with minimal irritation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['transdermal nicotine therapy has shown promise as a smoking cessation aid , but questions about its contact sensitization potential and long-term topical safety have been raised .', 'the purpose of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of one nicotine transdermal system ( nicoderm , marion merrell dow inc , kansas city , mo , and alza corporation , palo alto , calif ) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking .', 'this study comprised two phases separated by a @-week rest interval .', 'during phase @ , a @-day open-label induction period , subjects wore only active transdermal nicotine systems .', 'during phase @ , a @-day double-blind challenge period , subjects wore active and placebo systems concurrently .', 'upon removal of each patch , skin sites were evaluated for signs of irritation , and subjective complaints such as itching or burning were recorded .', 'of the @ subjects completing the study , @ ( @ % ) exhibited evidence of delayed contact sensitization manifested as erythema with or without infiltration and confined solely to sites of active transdermal nicotine system application .', 'nonallergic skin irritation was observed in less than @ % of all applications .', 'all reactions resolved without incident .', 'no subjects developed systemic reactions .', 'the transdermal nicotine system used in this trial had a low contact sensitization incidence and was well tolerated topically with minimal irritation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this phase ii study was designed to evaluate @ concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-@ ( rhbmp-@ ) for safety and efficacy in inducing adequate bone for endosseous dental implant in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation .", "patients were treated with rhbmp-@ ( via an absorbable collagen sponge [ acs ] ) , at concentrations of @ mg/ml ( n = @ ) , @ mg/ml ( n = @ ) , or with bone graft ( n = @ ) .", "bone induction was assessed by alveolar ridge height , width , and density measurements from computed tomography scans obtained before and @ months after treatment and @ months post-functional loading of dental implants ( density only ) .", "mean increases in alveolar ridge height at @ months after treatment were similar among the groups ; @ mm , @ mm , and @ mm , respectively , in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups .", "mean increases in alveolar ridge width ( buccal to lingual ) at the crest of the ridge were statistically different among the treatment groups ; @ mm , @ mm , and @ mm , respectively , in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml treatment groups ( p < or = @ vs @ mg/ml ; p < @ vs @ mg/ml ) .", "at @ months postoperative new bone density was statistically different among the treatment groups ; @ mg/cc , @ mg/cc , and @ mg/cc for the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups , respectively ( p = @ vs @ mg/ml , p = @ vs @ mg/ml , p = @ ; @ mg/ml vs @ mg/ml ) .", "core bone biopsies obtained at the time of dental implant placement confirmed normal bone formation .", "the proportion of patients who received dental implants that were functionally loaded and remained functional at @ months post-functional loading was @ % , @ % , and @ % in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups , respectively .", "this study is the first randomized controlled trial demonstrating de novo organ tissue growth in humans from a recombinant human protein .", "rhbmp-@ / acs safely induced adequate bone for the placement and functional loading of endosseous dental implants in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this phase ii study was designed to evaluate @ concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-@ ( rhbmp-@ ) for safety and efficacy in inducing adequate bone for endosseous dental implant in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation .', 'patients were treated with rhbmp-@ ( via an absorbable collagen sponge [ acs ] ) , at concentrations of @ mg/ml ( n = @ ) , @ mg/ml ( n = @ ) , or with bone graft ( n = @ ) .', 'bone induction was assessed by alveolar ridge height , width , and density measurements from computed tomography scans obtained before and @ months after treatment and @ months post-functional loading of dental implants ( density only ) .', 'mean increases in alveolar ridge height at @ months after treatment were similar among the groups ; @ mm , @ mm , and @ mm , respectively , in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups .', 'mean increases in alveolar ridge width ( buccal to lingual ) at the crest of the ridge were statistically different among the treatment groups ; @ mm , @ mm , and @ mm , respectively , in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml treatment groups ( p < or = @ vs @ mg/ml ; p < @ vs @ mg/ml ) .', 'at @ months postoperative new bone density was statistically different among the treatment groups ; @ mg/cc , @ mg/cc , and @ mg/cc for the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups , respectively ( p = @ vs @ mg/ml , p = @ vs @ mg/ml , p = @ ; @ mg/ml vs @ mg/ml ) .', 'core bone biopsies obtained at the time of dental implant placement confirmed normal bone formation .', 'the proportion of patients who received dental implants that were functionally loaded and remained functional at @ months post-functional loading was @ % , @ % , and @ % in the bone graft , @ mg/ml , and @ mg/ml rhbmp-@ / acs treatment groups , respectively .', 'this study is the first randomized controlled trial demonstrating de novo organ tissue growth in humans from a recombinant human protein .', 'rhbmp-@ / acs safely induced adequate bone for the placement and functional loading of endosseous dental implants in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "outcome assessment in clinical trials using the western ontario and mcmaster university ( womac @ ) osteoarthritis index is traditionally achieved through self-administration of the index .", "however , in other areas of clinical measurement , telephone administration has been shown to be a reliable method of acquiring data that are both accurate and complete .", "to address this issue in knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) , we conducted a comparative study of telephone administration by interviewer of womac lk@ @ versus onsite self-completion at the hospital .", "fifty consenting patients with knee oa were randomized to complete the womac lk@ @ index by telephone interview one day , followed by onsite completion the following day , or vice versa .", "neither patients nor interviewers had access to any prior scores .", "the mean age of the @ patients was @ years ( range @-@ ) ; @ ( @ % ) were female and @ ( @ % ) male .", "there was excellent agreement between the mean office and telephone scores , with mean differences for the womac lk@ @ pain , stiffness , and function subscale scores and total score of @ , @ , @ , and @ , respectively .", "these differences were well within the respective protocol defined equivalence criteria of + / - @ , + / - @ , + / - @ , and + / - @ , and represented differences from office scores of @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .", "the use of telephone interviews for the womac lk@ @ index is a valid method of obtaining oa outcome measurements .", "these observations have important implications for designing data acquisition strategies for future oa clinical trials and for longterm observational studies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['outcome assessment in clinical trials using the western ontario and mcmaster university ( womac @ ) osteoarthritis index is traditionally achieved through self-administration of the index .', 'however , in other areas of clinical measurement , telephone administration has been shown to be a reliable method of acquiring data that are both accurate and complete .', 'to address this issue in knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) , we conducted a comparative study of telephone administration by interviewer of womac lk@ @ versus onsite self-completion at the hospital .', 'fifty consenting patients with knee oa were randomized to complete the womac lk@ @ index by telephone interview one day , followed by onsite completion the following day , or vice versa .', 'neither patients nor interviewers had access to any prior scores .', 'the mean age of the @ patients was @ years ( range @-@ ) ; @ ( @ % ) were female and @ ( @ % ) male .', 'there was excellent agreement between the mean office and telephone scores , with mean differences for the womac lk@ @ pain , stiffness , and function subscale scores and total score of @ , @ , @ , and @ , respectively .', 'these differences were well within the respective protocol defined equivalence criteria of + / - @ , + / - @ , + / - @ , and + / - @ , and represented differences from office scores of @ , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively .', 'the use of telephone interviews for the womac lk@ @ index is a valid method of obtaining oa outcome measurements .', 'these observations have important implications for designing data acquisition strategies for future oa clinical trials and for longterm observational studies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "an intervention based on induced hypocrisy was conducted to reduce children 's intentions to show fall-risk behaviors on playground equipment .", "to induce hypocrisy participants ( @-@ years ) advocated for safe-play behaviors while being made mindful about past failures to play safely on playgrounds .", "to measure the impact of the intervention , children created posters indicating which playground behaviors they would do and would not do ; children believed they would have to demonstrate the behaviors endorsed on their posters .", "the intervention resulted in significant reductions in the risk behaviors children endorsed both for risk behaviors targeted ( specific effects ) and nontargeted risk behaviors ( generalized effects ) .", "assessing the mechanism by which the intervention produced changes in behavioral intentions revealed it yielded changes in cognitions that predicted subsequent reductions in risk-taking intentions .", "the present intervention was successful in reducing children 's intentions to engage in risky playground behaviors and it did so by changing cognitions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"an intervention based on induced hypocrisy was conducted to reduce children 's intentions to show fall-risk behaviors on playground equipment .\", 'to induce hypocrisy participants ( @-@ years ) advocated for safe-play behaviors while being made mindful about past failures to play safely on playgrounds .', 'to measure the impact of the intervention , children created posters indicating which playground behaviors they would do and would not do ; children believed they would have to demonstrate the behaviors endorsed on their posters .', 'the intervention resulted in significant reductions in the risk behaviors children endorsed both for risk behaviors targeted ( specific effects ) and nontargeted risk behaviors ( generalized effects ) .', 'assessing the mechanism by which the intervention produced changes in behavioral intentions revealed it yielded changes in cognitions that predicted subsequent reductions in risk-taking intentions .', \"the present intervention was successful in reducing children 's intentions to engage in risky playground behaviors and it did so by changing cognitions .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "diabetes portends an adverse prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) .", "whether improvements in current clinical practice ( stents , iib/iiia antagonists ) have resulted in substantial improvement of these outcomes remains an issue .", "the aim of this study was to determine the influence of diabetes on @-month outcomes of patients undergoing pci in the current era .", "the @ @ patients enrolled in the prevention of restenosis with tranilast and its outcomes ( presto ) trial were stratified according to the presence ( n = @ ) or absence ( n = @ ) of diabetes .", "diabetic patients were older ; were more likely to be female ; had a higher proportion of congestive failure , hypertension , prior cabg , and unstable angina ; and had higher body mass index and lower ejection fraction than nondiabetic patients ( p < @ for all comparisons ) .", "the degree of multivessel disease was similar between the two groups .", "american college of cardiology/american heart association type c lesions were more common in diabetic patients ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) .", "angiographic and procedural success rates and in-hospital events were similar between the two groups .", "the primary end point of death , myocardial infarction , or target vessel revascularization ( tvr ) was analyzed as time-to-first event within @ months of the index pci .", "after adjusting for certain baseline characteristics , diabetes was independently associated with death at @ months ( relative risk [ rr ] , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) and with an increased likelihood of tvr ( rr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) , as well as the composite end point of death/myocardial infarction/tvr ( rr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) .", "despite advances in interventional techniques , diabetes remains a significant independent predictor of adverse events in the intermediate term after pci ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['diabetes portends an adverse prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) .', 'whether improvements in current clinical practice ( stents , iib/iiia antagonists ) have resulted in substantial improvement of these outcomes remains an issue .', 'the aim of this study was to determine the influence of diabetes on @-month outcomes of patients undergoing pci in the current era .', 'the @ @ patients enrolled in the prevention of restenosis with tranilast and its outcomes ( presto ) trial were stratified according to the presence ( n = @ ) or absence ( n = @ ) of diabetes .', 'diabetic patients were older ; were more likely to be female ; had a higher proportion of congestive failure , hypertension , prior cabg , and unstable angina ; and had higher body mass index and lower ejection fraction than nondiabetic patients ( p < @ for all comparisons ) .', 'the degree of multivessel disease was similar between the two groups .', 'american college of cardiology/american heart association type c lesions were more common in diabetic patients ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) .', 'angiographic and procedural success rates and in-hospital events were similar between the two groups .', 'the primary end point of death , myocardial infarction , or target vessel revascularization ( tvr ) was analyzed as time-to-first event within @ months of the index pci .', 'after adjusting for certain baseline characteristics , diabetes was independently associated with death at @ months ( relative risk [ rr ] , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) and with an increased likelihood of tvr ( rr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) , as well as the composite end point of death/myocardial infarction/tvr ( rr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ , p < @ ) .', 'despite advances in interventional techniques , diabetes remains a significant independent predictor of adverse events in the intermediate term after pci .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare a full-dose epirubicin-cyclophosphamide ( hec ) regimen with classical cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and fluorouracil ( cmf ) therapy and with a moderate-dose epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen ( ec ) in the adjuvant therapy of node-positive breast cancer .", "node-positive breast cancer patients who were aged @ years or younger were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments : cmf for six cycles ( oral cyclophosphamide ) ; ec for eight cycles ( epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) , cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) ; day @ every @ weeks ) ; and hec for eight cycles ( epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) , cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) ; day @ every @ weeks ) .", "two hundred fifty-five , @ , and @ eligible patients were treated with cmf , ec , and hec , respectively .", "patient characteristics were well balanced among the three arms .", "one and three cases of congestive heart failure were reported in the ec and hec arms , respectively .", "three cases of acute myeloid leukemia were reported in the hec arm .", "after @ years of median follow-up , no statistically significant differences were observed between hec and cmf ( event-free survival [ efs ] : hazards ratio [ hr ] = @ , @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ , p = @ ; distant-efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; overall survival [ os ] : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ) .", "hec is more effective than ec ( efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; distant-efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; os hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ) .", "this three-arm study does not show an advantage in favor of an adequately dosed epirubicin-based regimen over classical cmf in the adjuvant therapy of node-positive pre - and postmenopausal women with breast cancer .", "moreover , this study confirms that there is a dose-response curve for epirubicin in breast cancer adjuvant therapy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare a full-dose epirubicin-cyclophosphamide ( hec ) regimen with classical cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and fluorouracil ( cmf ) therapy and with a moderate-dose epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen ( ec ) in the adjuvant therapy of node-positive breast cancer .', 'node-positive breast cancer patients who were aged @ years or younger were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments : cmf for six cycles ( oral cyclophosphamide ) ; ec for eight cycles ( epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) , cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) ; day @ every @ weeks ) ; and hec for eight cycles ( epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) , cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) ; day @ every @ weeks ) .', 'two hundred fifty-five , @ , and @ eligible patients were treated with cmf , ec , and hec , respectively .', 'patient characteristics were well balanced among the three arms .', 'one and three cases of congestive heart failure were reported in the ec and hec arms , respectively .', 'three cases of acute myeloid leukemia were reported in the hec arm .', 'after @ years of median follow-up , no statistically significant differences were observed between hec and cmf ( event-free survival [ efs ] : hazards ratio [ hr ] = @ , @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ , p = @ ; distant-efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; overall survival [ os ] : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ) .', 'hec is more effective than ec ( efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; distant-efs : hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ; os hr = @ , @ % ci , @ to @ , p = @ ) .', 'this three-arm study does not show an advantage in favor of an adequately dosed epirubicin-based regimen over classical cmf in the adjuvant therapy of node-positive pre - and postmenopausal women with breast cancer .', 'moreover , this study confirms that there is a dose-response curve for epirubicin in breast cancer adjuvant therapy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the prevalence of obesity in men in the uk is amongst the highest in europe but men are less likely than women to use existing weight loss programmes .", "developing weight management programmes which are appealing and acceptable to men is a public health priority .", "football fans in training ( ffit ) , a men-only weight management programme delivered to groups of men at top professional football clubs , encourages men to lose weight by working with , not against , cultural ideals of masculinity .", "to inform further development of interventions in football club settings , the current study explored who is attracted to ffit and why overweight/obese men choose to take part .", "a mixed-methods study analysing baseline data on @ men aged @-@years with bmi@kg/m@ who were participants in a randomised controlled trial of ffit , and data from @ focus group discussions with @ men who had attended the programme .", "objectively-measured mean body mass index was @ kg/m@ ( sd @ ) .", "overall over @ % of participants were at very high or extremely high risk of future ill-health .", "around three-quarters of participants in all age groups were at ` very high ' risk of type @ diabetes , hypertension and cardiovascular disease ( @ % , @ % and @ % of men aged @-@ , @-@ and @-@years respectively ) .", "a further @ % , @ % and @ % were at ` extremely high ' risk .", "qualitative data revealed that the powerful ` draw ' of the football club attracted men otherwise reluctant to attend existing weight management programmes .", "the location and style of delivery of early ffit sessions fostered team spirit ; men appreciated being with others ` like them ' and the opportunity to undertake weight management in circumstances that enhanced physical and symbolic proximity to something they valued highly , the football club .", "the delivery of a weight management intervention via professional football clubs attracted men at high risk of ill-health .", "the setting enabled men to join a weight management programme in circumstances that felt ` right ' rather than threatening to themselves as men .", "ffit is an example of how to facilitate health promotion activities in a way that is consistent with , rather than challenging to , common ideals of masculinity ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the prevalence of obesity in men in the uk is amongst the highest in europe but men are less likely than women to use existing weight loss programmes .', 'developing weight management programmes which are appealing and acceptable to men is a public health priority .', 'football fans in training ( ffit ) , a men-only weight management programme delivered to groups of men at top professional football clubs , encourages men to lose weight by working with , not against , cultural ideals of masculinity .', 'to inform further development of interventions in football club settings , the current study explored who is attracted to ffit and why overweight/obese men choose to take part .', 'a mixed-methods study analysing baseline data on @ men aged @-@years with bmi@kg/m@ who were participants in a randomised controlled trial of ffit , and data from @ focus group discussions with @ men who had attended the programme .', 'objectively-measured mean body mass index was @ kg/m@ ( sd @ ) .', 'overall over @ % of participants were at very high or extremely high risk of future ill-health .', \"around three-quarters of participants in all age groups were at ` very high ' risk of type @ diabetes , hypertension and cardiovascular disease ( @ % , @ % and @ % of men aged @-@ , @-@ and @-@years respectively ) .\", \"a further @ % , @ % and @ % were at ` extremely high ' risk .\", \"qualitative data revealed that the powerful ` draw ' of the football club attracted men otherwise reluctant to attend existing weight management programmes .\", \"the location and style of delivery of early ffit sessions fostered team spirit ; men appreciated being with others ` like them ' and the opportunity to undertake weight management in circumstances that enhanced physical and symbolic proximity to something they valued highly , the football club .\", 'the delivery of a weight management intervention via professional football clubs attracted men at high risk of ill-health .', \"the setting enabled men to join a weight management programme in circumstances that felt ` right ' rather than threatening to themselves as men .\", 'ffit is an example of how to facilitate health promotion activities in a way that is consistent with , rather than challenging to , common ideals of masculinity .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the consumption of sucrose-sweetened soft drinks ( sssds ) has been associated with obesity , the metabolic syndrome , and cardiovascular disorders in observational and short-term intervention studies .", "too few long-term intervention studies in humans have examined the effects of soft drinks .", "we compared the effects of sssds with those of isocaloric milk and a noncaloric soft drink on changes in total fat mass and ectopic fat deposition ( in liver and muscle tissue ) .", "overweight subjects ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to @ different test drinks ( @ l/d for @ mo ) : sssd ( regular cola ) , isocaloric semiskim milk , aspartame-sweetened diet cola , and water .", "the amount of intrahepatic fat and intramyocellular fat was measured with ( @ ) h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy .", "other endpoints were fat mass , fat distribution ( dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging ) , and metabolic risk factors .", "the relative changes between baseline and the end of @-mo intervention were significantly higher in the regular cola group than in the @ other groups for liver fat ( @-@ % , sex-adjusted mean ; p < @ ) , skeletal muscle fat ( @-@ % ; p < @ ) , visceral fat ( @-@ % ; p < @ ) , blood triglycerides ( @ % ; p < @ ) , and total cholesterol ( @ % ; p < @ ) .", "total fat mass was not significantly different between the @ beverage groups .", "milk and diet cola reduced systolic blood pressure by @-@ % compared with regular cola ( p < @ ) .", "otherwise , diet cola had effects similar to those of water .", "daily intake of sssds for @ mo increases ectopic fat accumulation and lipids compared with milk , diet cola , and water .", "thus , daily intake of sssds is likely to enhance the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases .", "this trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the consumption of sucrose-sweetened soft drinks ( sssds ) has been associated with obesity , the metabolic syndrome , and cardiovascular disorders in observational and short-term intervention studies .', 'too few long-term intervention studies in humans have examined the effects of soft drinks .', 'we compared the effects of sssds with those of isocaloric milk and a noncaloric soft drink on changes in total fat mass and ectopic fat deposition ( in liver and muscle tissue ) .', 'overweight subjects ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to @ different test drinks ( @ l/d for @ mo ) : sssd ( regular cola ) , isocaloric semiskim milk , aspartame-sweetened diet cola , and water .', 'the amount of intrahepatic fat and intramyocellular fat was measured with ( @ ) h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy .', 'other endpoints were fat mass , fat distribution ( dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging ) , and metabolic risk factors .', 'the relative changes between baseline and the end of @-mo intervention were significantly higher in the regular cola group than in the @ other groups for liver fat ( @-@ % , sex-adjusted mean ; p < @ ) , skeletal muscle fat ( @-@ % ; p < @ ) , visceral fat ( @-@ % ; p < @ ) , blood triglycerides ( @ % ; p < @ ) , and total cholesterol ( @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'total fat mass was not significantly different between the @ beverage groups .', 'milk and diet cola reduced systolic blood pressure by @-@ % compared with regular cola ( p < @ ) .', 'otherwise , diet cola had effects similar to those of water .', 'daily intake of sssds for @ mo increases ectopic fat accumulation and lipids compared with milk , diet cola , and water .', 'thus , daily intake of sssds is likely to enhance the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases .', 'this trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to comprehensively investigate and compare the responsiveness and validity of two instrumental activities of daily living ( adl ) measures : a modified version of the nottingham extended adl scale and the frenchay activities index , after stroke rehabilitation .", "rehabilitation clinics .", "seventy stroke patients received a three-week intervention ( mean ( sd ) age , @ ( @ ) years ; @ ( @ % ) men ; mean ( sd ) time post stroke , @ ( @ ) months ) .", "four outcome measures ( modified nottingham extended adl scale , frenchay activities index , stroke impact scale and motor activity log ) were administered before and after treatment .", "we used the standardized response mean ( srm ) to examine responsiveness and the spearman correlation coefficient ( ) to examine concurrent validity .", "responsiveness was significantly larger for the modified nottingham extended adl scale ( srm = @ ) compared with the frenchay activities index ( srm = @ ) .", "the correlations between the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index were good to excellent before ( = @ ) and after treatment ( = @ ) .", "the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index showed fair correlations with the stroke impact scale adl/instrumental adl domain , stroke impact scale total score and motor activity log before treatment ( = @-@ @ ) .", "after treatment , the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index demonstrated moderate to good correlations with the stroke impact scale adl/instrumental adl domain ( = @ ) and fair correlations with the stroke impact scale total score and motor activity log ( = @-@ @ ) .", "the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index are both valid outcome measures but the modified nottingham extended adl scale is more responsive than the frenchay activities index .", "while simultaneously considering the properties of responsiveness and validity , the modified nottingham extended adl scale may be a relatively sound measure of instrumental adl function in stroke patients receiving rehabilitation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to comprehensively investigate and compare the responsiveness and validity of two instrumental activities of daily living ( adl ) measures : a modified version of the nottingham extended adl scale and the frenchay activities index , after stroke rehabilitation .', 'rehabilitation clinics .', 'seventy stroke patients received a three-week intervention ( mean ( sd ) age , @ ( @ ) years ; @ ( @ % ) men ; mean ( sd ) time post stroke , @ ( @ ) months ) .', 'four outcome measures ( modified nottingham extended adl scale , frenchay activities index , stroke impact scale and motor activity log ) were administered before and after treatment .', 'we used the standardized response mean ( srm ) to examine responsiveness and the spearman correlation coefficient ( ) to examine concurrent validity .', 'responsiveness was significantly larger for the modified nottingham extended adl scale ( srm = @ ) compared with the frenchay activities index ( srm = @ ) .', 'the correlations between the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index were good to excellent before ( = @ ) and after treatment ( = @ ) .', 'the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index showed fair correlations with the stroke impact scale adl/instrumental adl domain , stroke impact scale total score and motor activity log before treatment ( = @-@ @ ) .', 'after treatment , the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index demonstrated moderate to good correlations with the stroke impact scale adl/instrumental adl domain ( = @ ) and fair correlations with the stroke impact scale total score and motor activity log ( = @-@ @ ) .', 'the modified nottingham extended adl scale and frenchay activities index are both valid outcome measures but the modified nottingham extended adl scale is more responsive than the frenchay activities index .', 'while simultaneously considering the properties of responsiveness and validity , the modified nottingham extended adl scale may be a relatively sound measure of instrumental adl function in stroke patients receiving rehabilitation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "improvements of language production in aphasic patients have been reported following repeated @-hz transcranial magnetic stimulation over the nondamaged right hemisphere .", "most studies examined aphasic patients in the chronic phase .", "the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation application in acute or subacute patients has not been systematically studied .", "we aimed to evaluate whether continuous theta burst stimulation , an inhibitory protocol with a shorter application time than the common @-hz protocol , is able to improve naming performance in aphasic patients in different poststroke phases .", "eighteen right-handed aphasic patients performed a picture naming task and a language independent alertness test before and after the application of theta burst stimulation over the intact right broca 's homologue localized by the @-@ electroencephalogram system in a randomized , sham-controlled , crossover trial .", "we found that naming performance was significantly better , and naming latency was significantly shorter , after theta burst stimulation than after the sham intervention .", "patients who responded best were in the subacute phase after stroke .", "this setting with the short theta burst stimulation application time and the simple stimulation localization procedure is suitable for clinical purposes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['improvements of language production in aphasic patients have been reported following repeated @-hz transcranial magnetic stimulation over the nondamaged right hemisphere .', 'most studies examined aphasic patients in the chronic phase .', 'the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation application in acute or subacute patients has not been systematically studied .', 'we aimed to evaluate whether continuous theta burst stimulation , an inhibitory protocol with a shorter application time than the common @-hz protocol , is able to improve naming performance in aphasic patients in different poststroke phases .', \"eighteen right-handed aphasic patients performed a picture naming task and a language independent alertness test before and after the application of theta burst stimulation over the intact right broca 's homologue localized by the @-@ electroencephalogram system in a randomized , sham-controlled , crossover trial .\", 'we found that naming performance was significantly better , and naming latency was significantly shorter , after theta burst stimulation than after the sham intervention .', 'patients who responded best were in the subacute phase after stroke .', 'this setting with the short theta burst stimulation application time and the simple stimulation localization procedure is suitable for clinical purposes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sensory-specific satiety has been found to play an important role in food choice and meal termination , and it might be a factor contributing to obesity .", "we hypothesized that obese and normal-weight people have different sensitivities to sensory-specific satiety for high-fat foods .", "sensory-specific satiety was measured in @ obese [ x body mass index ( bmi ; in kg/m ( @ ) ) : @ ] and @ normal-weight ( bmi : @ ) women who were matched for restrained eating behavior , physical activity , age , and smoking behavior .", "food intake , appetite ratings , and liking scores before and after an ad libitum lunch were measured .", "products differed in fat content and taste ( ie , low-fat sweet , low-fat savory , high-fat sweet , and high-fat savory ) , and the subjects tested all @ products .", "in the first study , sandwiches were tested ; in the second study , snacks were tested .", "sensory-specific satiety for all products was observed in both subject groups .", "no significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight subjects in either sensory-specific satiety or food intake for any of the products or product categories tested .", "taste ( sweet or savory ) had a significantly ( p < @ ) stronger effect on sensory-specific satiety than did fat content .", "appetite ratings strongly decreased after lunch , and appetite for a meal or snack after lunch was significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight subjects , whereas scores before lunch did not differ significantly .", "obese and normal-weight people do not differ in their sensitivity to sensory-specific satiety , and factors other than fat content have the greatest effect on sensory-specific satiety ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['sensory-specific satiety has been found to play an important role in food choice and meal termination , and it might be a factor contributing to obesity .', 'we hypothesized that obese and normal-weight people have different sensitivities to sensory-specific satiety for high-fat foods .', 'sensory-specific satiety was measured in @ obese [ x body mass index ( bmi ; in kg/m ( @ ) ) : @ ] and @ normal-weight ( bmi : @ ) women who were matched for restrained eating behavior , physical activity , age , and smoking behavior .', 'food intake , appetite ratings , and liking scores before and after an ad libitum lunch were measured .', 'products differed in fat content and taste ( ie , low-fat sweet , low-fat savory , high-fat sweet , and high-fat savory ) , and the subjects tested all @ products .', 'in the first study , sandwiches were tested ; in the second study , snacks were tested .', 'sensory-specific satiety for all products was observed in both subject groups .', 'no significant differences were observed between the obese and normal-weight subjects in either sensory-specific satiety or food intake for any of the products or product categories tested .', 'taste ( sweet or savory ) had a significantly ( p < @ ) stronger effect on sensory-specific satiety than did fat content .', 'appetite ratings strongly decreased after lunch , and appetite for a meal or snack after lunch was significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight subjects , whereas scores before lunch did not differ significantly .', 'obese and normal-weight people do not differ in their sensitivity to sensory-specific satiety , and factors other than fat content have the greatest effect on sensory-specific satiety .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the incidence of hemostatic failure and rate of vascular events during and after vascular compression using two different techniques .", "patients were randomized to mechanical or manual compression after a therapeutic or diagnostic catheterization procedure .", "one hundred patients were enrolled in the mechanical compression group ( group one ) and @ patients in the manual compression group ( group two ) .", "failed hemostasis was observed in @ % of patients in group @ and @ % in group two ( p < @ ) .", "a tendency towards a greater incidence for hematoma ( > @ cm ) formation was found on ultrasound follow-up in group @ ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "logistic regression analysis found that the only independent factors for hemostatic failure were : use of mechanical compression device ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) and age greater than @ years ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "a body mass index < @ was found to reduce the risk for hemostatic failure ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "after introducer sheath removal , manual compression is superior to mechanically-assisted hemostasis in avoiding hemostatic failure at vascular access site .", "this study was not able , however , to show the superiority of either method to reduce the rate of vascular complications due to the small sample size of patients enrolled at the time of early study termination for safety reasons ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the incidence of hemostatic failure and rate of vascular events during and after vascular compression using two different techniques .', 'patients were randomized to mechanical or manual compression after a therapeutic or diagnostic catheterization procedure .', 'one hundred patients were enrolled in the mechanical compression group ( group one ) and @ patients in the manual compression group ( group two ) .', 'failed hemostasis was observed in @ % of patients in group @ and @ % in group two ( p < @ ) .', 'a tendency towards a greater incidence for hematoma ( > @ cm ) formation was found on ultrasound follow-up in group @ ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .', 'logistic regression analysis found that the only independent factors for hemostatic failure were : use of mechanical compression device ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) and age greater than @ years ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .', 'a body mass index < @ was found to reduce the risk for hemostatic failure ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .', 'after introducer sheath removal , manual compression is superior to mechanically-assisted hemostasis in avoiding hemostatic failure at vascular access site .', 'this study was not able , however , to show the superiority of either method to reduce the rate of vascular complications due to the small sample size of patients enrolled at the time of early study termination for safety reasons .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "oxy-gen lite , a recently developed combined electrolysis and fuel cell technology , de-novo generates oxygen with high purity for medical use from distilled water and room air .", "however , its use in patients with chronic respiratory failure has never been evaluated .", "to test the clinical applicability and safety of oxy-gen lite technology , we enrolled @ copd patients with chronic hypoxemia and long-term oxygen therapy ( ltot ) in a controlled , randomized , multicenter clinical trial .", "standard continuous oxygen therapy with a maximal flow rate of @ l/min was tested against pulsatile oxygen delivery by oxy-gen lite .", "oxygen saturation at seated-rest was recorded over @ min and used as a primary read-out parameter .", "oxygen saturation was also recorded during mild physical strain ( speaking out loud ) or overnight 's sleep .", "both methods of oxygen supply established oxygen saturations within the normal range ( i.e. , upper plateau of the sigmoid oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve ) compared to breathing room air ( p < @ ) .", "mean oxygen saturation under standard continuous oxygen flow or oxy-gen lite technology during rest , physical strain or sleep proved statistically equivalent ( @ % ci < @ % of reference saturation ) .", "the use of oxy-gen lite in copd patients with hypoxemia and ltot < or = @ l/min is safe and results in oxygen saturation comparable to standard oxygen therapy .", "there is evidence that this form of oxygen supply is not only functional during rest but also during mild physical strain or overnight 's sleep .", "low noise , energy - and overhead-costs are particular advantages of this technology ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['oxy-gen lite , a recently developed combined electrolysis and fuel cell technology , de-novo generates oxygen with high purity for medical use from distilled water and room air .', 'however , its use in patients with chronic respiratory failure has never been evaluated .', 'to test the clinical applicability and safety of oxy-gen lite technology , we enrolled @ copd patients with chronic hypoxemia and long-term oxygen therapy ( ltot ) in a controlled , randomized , multicenter clinical trial .', 'standard continuous oxygen therapy with a maximal flow rate of @ l/min was tested against pulsatile oxygen delivery by oxy-gen lite .', 'oxygen saturation at seated-rest was recorded over @ min and used as a primary read-out parameter .', \"oxygen saturation was also recorded during mild physical strain ( speaking out loud ) or overnight 's sleep .\", 'both methods of oxygen supply established oxygen saturations within the normal range ( i.e. , upper plateau of the sigmoid oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve ) compared to breathing room air ( p < @ ) .', 'mean oxygen saturation under standard continuous oxygen flow or oxy-gen lite technology during rest , physical strain or sleep proved statistically equivalent ( @ % ci < @ % of reference saturation ) .', 'the use of oxy-gen lite in copd patients with hypoxemia and ltot < or = @ l/min is safe and results in oxygen saturation comparable to standard oxygen therapy .', \"there is evidence that this form of oxygen supply is not only functional during rest but also during mild physical strain or overnight 's sleep .\", 'low noise , energy - and overhead-costs are particular advantages of this technology .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a quadrivalent measles , mumps , rubella and varicella vaccine would facilitate universal immunization against all @ diseases , improve compliance and immunization rates and decrease the number of injections given to children and visits to physicians ' offices .", "to evaluate @ - and @-dose regimens of a combined measles , mumps , rubella and varicella vaccine ( proquad , referred to as mmrv ) manufactured with a varicella component of increased potency .", "in this partially blind , multicenter study , @ healthy @ - to @-month-old children were randomized to receive either mmrv and placebo or m-m-rii and varivax .", "injections were given concomitantly at separate sites .", "subjects randomized to receive mmrv and placebo received a second dose of mmrv @ days later .", "subjects were followed for @ days after each vaccination for adverse experiences .", "immunogenicity was evaluated @ weeks after each vaccination .", "measles-like rash and fever during days @-@ were more common after the first dose of mmrv ( rash , @ % ; fever , @ % ) than after m-m-rii and varivax ( rash , @ % ; fever , @ % ) .", "the incidence of other adverse events were similar between groups .", "response rates were > @ % to all vaccine components in both groups .", "geometric mean titers to measles and mumps were significantly higher after @ dose of mmrv than after administration of m-m-rii and varivax .", "the second dose of mmrv elicited slight to moderate increases in measles , mumps and rubella antibody titers and a substantial increase in varicella antibody titer ( from @ to @ glycoprotein antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/ml ) .", "a @ - or @-dose regimen of mmrv is generally well-tolerated when administered to @ - to @-month-old children and has a safety and immunogenicity profile similar to that of m-m-rii and varivax administered concomitantly ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"a quadrivalent measles , mumps , rubella and varicella vaccine would facilitate universal immunization against all @ diseases , improve compliance and immunization rates and decrease the number of injections given to children and visits to physicians ' offices .\", 'to evaluate @ - and @-dose regimens of a combined measles , mumps , rubella and varicella vaccine ( proquad , referred to as mmrv ) manufactured with a varicella component of increased potency .', 'in this partially blind , multicenter study , @ healthy @ - to @-month-old children were randomized to receive either mmrv and placebo or m-m-rii and varivax .', 'injections were given concomitantly at separate sites .', 'subjects randomized to receive mmrv and placebo received a second dose of mmrv @ days later .', 'subjects were followed for @ days after each vaccination for adverse experiences .', 'immunogenicity was evaluated @ weeks after each vaccination .', 'measles-like rash and fever during days @-@ were more common after the first dose of mmrv ( rash , @ % ; fever , @ % ) than after m-m-rii and varivax ( rash , @ % ; fever , @ % ) .', 'the incidence of other adverse events were similar between groups .', 'response rates were > @ % to all vaccine components in both groups .', 'geometric mean titers to measles and mumps were significantly higher after @ dose of mmrv than after administration of m-m-rii and varivax .', 'the second dose of mmrv elicited slight to moderate increases in measles , mumps and rubella antibody titers and a substantial increase in varicella antibody titer ( from @ to @ glycoprotein antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/ml ) .', 'a @ - or @-dose regimen of mmrv is generally well-tolerated when administered to @ - to @-month-old children and has a safety and immunogenicity profile similar to that of m-m-rii and varivax administered concomitantly .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the importance and usefulness of self-reported symptom data , especially the most bothersome symptom , in the evaluation of treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy .", "this was a double-blind , placebo-controlled multicenter study .", "women rated symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy ( vaginal dryness , vaginal/vulvar irritation/itching , vaginal/vulvar soreness , and dyspareunia ) before and during treatment and selected one moderate to severe symptom as the most bothersome .", "among @ women ( n = @ placebo ) , vaginal dryness and dyspareunia were most commonly classified as moderate to severe and as most bothersome ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .", "for both symptoms , the effect size favoring active treatment consistently increased as the cohort was more narrowly defined ( all treated women , women who classified the symptom as moderate or severe , and those who classified the symptom as most bothersome ) .", "compared with the standardized effect sizes for all women , those calculated from the most bothersome symptom were @ % and @ % greater for dyspareunia and dryness , respectively .", ": the most bothersome symptom approach represents a meaningful new standard for measurement of self-assessed vulvovaginal atrophy symptom change , but evaluation of change in individual symptoms remains an important , unbiased primary analysis of efficacy in vulvovaginal atrophy studies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the importance and usefulness of self-reported symptom data , especially the most bothersome symptom , in the evaluation of treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy .', 'this was a double-blind , placebo-controlled multicenter study .', 'women rated symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy ( vaginal dryness , vaginal/vulvar irritation/itching , vaginal/vulvar soreness , and dyspareunia ) before and during treatment and selected one moderate to severe symptom as the most bothersome .', 'among @ women ( n = @ placebo ) , vaginal dryness and dyspareunia were most commonly classified as moderate to severe and as most bothersome ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .', 'for both symptoms , the effect size favoring active treatment consistently increased as the cohort was more narrowly defined ( all treated women , women who classified the symptom as moderate or severe , and those who classified the symptom as most bothersome ) .', 'compared with the standardized effect sizes for all women , those calculated from the most bothersome symptom were @ % and @ % greater for dyspareunia and dryness , respectively .', ': the most bothersome symptom approach represents a meaningful new standard for measurement of self-assessed vulvovaginal atrophy symptom change , but evaluation of change in individual symptoms remains an important , unbiased primary analysis of efficacy in vulvovaginal atrophy studies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "adult growth hormone ( gh ) deficiency is associated with changes in body composition , with lower total body water ( tbw ) and fat free mass ( ffm ) and higher fat mass ( fm ) .", "these changes can be modified after sustitutive treatment with gh .", "we studied @ patients , @ males and @ females with hypopituitarism and gh deficiency , the mean age was @ years , as well as @ comparable controls .", "the diagnosis of gh deficiency was based on the lack of gh response after an hypoglycemic test .", "we determined body composition by bioelectrical impedance .", "an initial @ month double-blind placebo controlled phase was followed by an open treatment phase ending when the patients had received gh for @ or @ months .", "the initial dose was @ u/kg/week during the first month and after @ u/kg/week .", "the patients showed lower twb and ffm and higher bf in relation to controls and after @ months of gh treatment an increase of the tbw , ffm and a decrease in bf and waist/hip ratio was observed with a steady state in the changes of body composition after @ months that continued @ months after the gh treatment withdraw .", "two patients presented maleolar oedema , @ arterial hypertension that was settled with gh dose reduction and in the fourth patient the treatment had to be withdraw .", "three patients presented carpal tunnel syndrome .", "in @ patients the treatment was withdrawn .", "in patients with adult gh deficiency , we can observe differences in the body composition that can be significantly modified by gh treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['adult growth hormone ( gh ) deficiency is associated with changes in body composition , with lower total body water ( tbw ) and fat free mass ( ffm ) and higher fat mass ( fm ) .', 'these changes can be modified after sustitutive treatment with gh .', 'we studied @ patients , @ males and @ females with hypopituitarism and gh deficiency , the mean age was @ years , as well as @ comparable controls .', 'the diagnosis of gh deficiency was based on the lack of gh response after an hypoglycemic test .', 'we determined body composition by bioelectrical impedance .', 'an initial @ month double-blind placebo controlled phase was followed by an open treatment phase ending when the patients had received gh for @ or @ months .', 'the initial dose was @ u/kg/week during the first month and after @ u/kg/week .', 'the patients showed lower twb and ffm and higher bf in relation to controls and after @ months of gh treatment an increase of the tbw , ffm and a decrease in bf and waist/hip ratio was observed with a steady state in the changes of body composition after @ months that continued @ months after the gh treatment withdraw .', 'two patients presented maleolar oedema , @ arterial hypertension that was settled with gh dose reduction and in the fourth patient the treatment had to be withdraw .', 'three patients presented carpal tunnel syndrome .', 'in @ patients the treatment was withdrawn .', 'in patients with adult gh deficiency , we can observe differences in the body composition that can be significantly modified by gh treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the feasibility of using the medication event monitoring system ( mems ) to estimate medication compliance in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder .", "fourteen of @ consecutive patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient hospital with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who met eligibility requirements and gave informed consent .", "after random assignment to either risperidone or typical antipsychotic treatment , medication upon discharge from hospital was dispensed in a bottle with a mems cap which recorded the number of bottle openings and the date and time of each opening .", "the first @ patients were asked to return monthly for data downloading .", "the next @ were asked to return weekly during the first month and every @ weeks thereafter ; they were also paid $ @ for returning each bottle .", "mems data collected over a @-month period and hospital readmission data .", "patient medication compliance data were collected from @ ( @ % ) of @ patients during the first month , from @ ( @ % ) of @ ( @ patients dropped out ) during the second and from @ ( @ % ) of @ ( a third patient dropped out ) during months @-@ .", "mean compliance rates were @ % for the first month and ranged from @ % to @ % over the next @ .", "first-month compliance rates were significantly lower for those who were subsequently readmitted to hospital ( n = @ ) than for those who were not ( p < @ ) .", "electronic monitoring devices can be used to estimate compliance with medication regimens in patients with severe schizophrenic disorders , but there are methodological improvements that can be made to increase data recovery and compliance , and these are discussed ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine the feasibility of using the medication event monitoring system ( mems ) to estimate medication compliance in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder .', 'fourteen of @ consecutive patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient hospital with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who met eligibility requirements and gave informed consent .', 'after random assignment to either risperidone or typical antipsychotic treatment , medication upon discharge from hospital was dispensed in a bottle with a mems cap which recorded the number of bottle openings and the date and time of each opening .', 'the first @ patients were asked to return monthly for data downloading .', 'the next @ were asked to return weekly during the first month and every @ weeks thereafter ; they were also paid $ @ for returning each bottle .', 'mems data collected over a @-month period and hospital readmission data .', 'patient medication compliance data were collected from @ ( @ % ) of @ patients during the first month , from @ ( @ % ) of @ ( @ patients dropped out ) during the second and from @ ( @ % ) of @ ( a third patient dropped out ) during months @-@ .', 'mean compliance rates were @ % for the first month and ranged from @ % to @ % over the next @ .', 'first-month compliance rates were significantly lower for those who were subsequently readmitted to hospital ( n = @ ) than for those who were not ( p < @ ) .', 'electronic monitoring devices can be used to estimate compliance with medication regimens in patients with severe schizophrenic disorders , but there are methodological improvements that can be made to increase data recovery and compliance , and these are discussed .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in a previous fluoroscopy study the motion of a mobile bearing total knee prosthesis was evaluated .", "that study showed that the axial rotation of the insert was limited .", "three possible explanations are given for the limited rotation : low conformity between the femoral component and insert , the fixed anterior position of the insert-tibia pivot point leading to impingement and fibrous tissue formation .", "while the effect of the conformity on the axial rotation will not change over time , the effect of impingement and fibrous tissue is likely to increase , and thereby further decreasing the axial rotation .", "in order to accurately assess changes in axial rotation over time in a mobile bearing total knee prosthesis rheumatoid arthritis patient group , patients were evaluated @ months and @ years postoperatively using fluoroscopy .", "in comparison with the @ months evaluation , the rotation of the femoral component ( range : -@ degrees to @ degrees ) and the insert ( range : -@ degrees to @ degrees ) were further limited at @ years ( respectively , -@ degrees to @ degrees and -@ degrees to @ degrees ) .", "patterns of axial rotation for the femoral component and insert varied considerably between the trials within patients while at the @ months evaluation no significant difference within patients was observed .", "this study shows the importance of re-evaluating knee kinematics over time .", "the axial rotation of both the femoral component as the insert decreased over time , indicating a kinematic change caused by intrinsic factors .", "the decline in rotation of the insert could be explained by increased impingement and the formation of fibrous tissue ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in a previous fluoroscopy study the motion of a mobile bearing total knee prosthesis was evaluated .', 'that study showed that the axial rotation of the insert was limited .', 'three possible explanations are given for the limited rotation : low conformity between the femoral component and insert , the fixed anterior position of the insert-tibia pivot point leading to impingement and fibrous tissue formation .', 'while the effect of the conformity on the axial rotation will not change over time , the effect of impingement and fibrous tissue is likely to increase , and thereby further decreasing the axial rotation .', 'in order to accurately assess changes in axial rotation over time in a mobile bearing total knee prosthesis rheumatoid arthritis patient group , patients were evaluated @ months and @ years postoperatively using fluoroscopy .', 'in comparison with the @ months evaluation , the rotation of the femoral component ( range : -@ degrees to @ degrees ) and the insert ( range : -@ degrees to @ degrees ) were further limited at @ years ( respectively , -@ degrees to @ degrees and -@ degrees to @ degrees ) .', 'patterns of axial rotation for the femoral component and insert varied considerably between the trials within patients while at the @ months evaluation no significant difference within patients was observed .', 'this study shows the importance of re-evaluating knee kinematics over time .', 'the axial rotation of both the femoral component as the insert decreased over time , indicating a kinematic change caused by intrinsic factors .', 'the decline in rotation of the insert could be explained by increased impingement and the formation of fibrous tissue .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in this trial we sought to determine whether propofol-based patient-controlled sedation ( pcs ) during diagnostic cerebral angiography would result in improved patient satisfaction compared to placebo-based pcs .", "we randomly assigned @ patients to receive propofol-based pcs ( n = @ , @mg bolus in @ s ) or placebo-based pcs ( n = @ , bolus of @ ml of a @ % lipid emulsion in @ s ) .", "we recorded the number of pcs bolus requirements , the need for rescue sedative drugs , and physiological variables .", "prior to the procedure , the anxiety level of each patient was evaluated using the anxiety state traits assessment ( stai ) and the amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale ( apais ) .", "the quality of patient conditioning was quoted by both the anesthetist and neuroradiologist using visual analog scale ( vas ) .", "the day following the procedure , patients were given the evan questionnaire , a validated tool for assessing patient satisfaction .", "both groups were similar in term of demographics , american society of anesthesiologist ( asa ) physical status scores , stai and apais scores , and procedure lengths .", "there were no differences between groups in evan scores @ vs. @ ; p = @ .", "the number of pcs bolus requirements was significantly higher in the placebo group @ vs. @ ( p = @ ) .", "no adverse event was recorded .", "this prospective , double-blind , randomized study showed that sedation using propofol pcs did not improve patients ' satisfaction during diagnostic cerebral angiography .", "therefore , an anesthetist should be rapidly available on request but not necessarily present during the whole procedure ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in this trial we sought to determine whether propofol-based patient-controlled sedation ( pcs ) during diagnostic cerebral angiography would result in improved patient satisfaction compared to placebo-based pcs .', 'we randomly assigned @ patients to receive propofol-based pcs ( n = @ , @mg bolus in @ s ) or placebo-based pcs ( n = @ , bolus of @ ml of a @ % lipid emulsion in @ s ) .', 'we recorded the number of pcs bolus requirements , the need for rescue sedative drugs , and physiological variables .', 'prior to the procedure , the anxiety level of each patient was evaluated using the anxiety state traits assessment ( stai ) and the amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale ( apais ) .', 'the quality of patient conditioning was quoted by both the anesthetist and neuroradiologist using visual analog scale ( vas ) .', 'the day following the procedure , patients were given the evan questionnaire , a validated tool for assessing patient satisfaction .', 'both groups were similar in term of demographics , american society of anesthesiologist ( asa ) physical status scores , stai and apais scores , and procedure lengths .', 'there were no differences between groups in evan scores @ vs. @ ; p = @ .', 'the number of pcs bolus requirements was significantly higher in the placebo group @ vs. @ ( p = @ ) .', 'no adverse event was recorded .', \"this prospective , double-blind , randomized study showed that sedation using propofol pcs did not improve patients ' satisfaction during diagnostic cerebral angiography .\", 'therefore , an anesthetist should be rapidly available on request but not necessarily present during the whole procedure .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe acute gastroenteritis worldwide in children < @ years of age .", "the human , g@p [ @ ] rotavirus vaccine rotarix significantly reduced severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes in a phase iii clinical trial conducted in infants in south africa and malawi .", "this paper examines rotavirus vaccine efficacy in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis , during infancy , caused by the various g and p rotavirus types encountered during the first rotavirus-season .", "healthy infants aged @-@ weeks were enrolled and randomized into three groups to receive either two ( @ and @ weeks ) or three doses of rotarix ( together forming the pooled rotarix group ) or three doses of placebo at a @,@,@-week schedule .", "weekly home visits were conducted to identify gastroenteritis episodes .", "rotaviruses were detected by elisa and genotyped by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing .", "the percentage of infants with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by the circulating g and p types from @ weeks post-last dose until one year of age and the corresponding vaccine efficacy was calculated with @ % ci .", "overall , @ infants were vaccinated and @ ( pooled rotarix = @ ; placebo = @ ) were included in the per protocol efficacy cohort .", "g@ wild-type was detected in @ ( @ % ) severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes from the placebo group .", "this was followed in order of detection by g@ ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) and g@ types ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) .", "vaccine efficacy against g@ wild-type , g@ and g@ types were @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % ; @ % ) and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , respectively .", "genotype p [ @ ] was the predominant circulating p type and was detected in @ ( @ % ) severe rotavirus gastroenteritis cases in placebo group .", "the remaining circulating p types comprised of p [ @ ] ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) and p [ @ ] ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) .", "vaccine efficacy against p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) and p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % ; @ % )", "rotarix vaccine demonstrated efficacy against severe gastroenteritis caused by diverse circulating rotavirus types .", "these data add to a growing body of evidence supporting heterotypic protection provided by rotarix .", "nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe acute gastroenteritis worldwide in children < @ years of age .', 'the human , g@p [ @ ] rotavirus vaccine rotarix significantly reduced severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes in a phase iii clinical trial conducted in infants in south africa and malawi .', 'this paper examines rotavirus vaccine efficacy in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis , during infancy , caused by the various g and p rotavirus types encountered during the first rotavirus-season .', 'healthy infants aged @-@ weeks were enrolled and randomized into three groups to receive either two ( @ and @ weeks ) or three doses of rotarix ( together forming the pooled rotarix group ) or three doses of placebo at a @,@,@-week schedule .', 'weekly home visits were conducted to identify gastroenteritis episodes .', 'rotaviruses were detected by elisa and genotyped by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing .', 'the percentage of infants with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by the circulating g and p types from @ weeks post-last dose until one year of age and the corresponding vaccine efficacy was calculated with @ % ci .', 'overall , @ infants were vaccinated and @ ( pooled rotarix = @ ; placebo = @ ) were included in the per protocol efficacy cohort .', 'g@ wild-type was detected in @ ( @ % ) severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes from the placebo group .', 'this was followed in order of detection by g@ ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) and g@ types ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) .', 'vaccine efficacy against g@ wild-type , g@ and g@ types were @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % ; @ % ) and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , respectively .', 'genotype p [ @ ] was the predominant circulating p type and was detected in @ ( @ % ) severe rotavirus gastroenteritis cases in placebo group .', 'the remaining circulating p types comprised of p [ @ ] ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) and p [ @ ] ( @ [ @ % ] in placebo ) .', 'vaccine efficacy against p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) , p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : @ % ; @ % ) and p [ @ ] was @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % ; @ % )', 'rotarix vaccine demonstrated efficacy against severe gastroenteritis caused by diverse circulating rotavirus types .', 'these data add to a growing body of evidence supporting heterotypic protection provided by rotarix .', 'nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate if insulin has a suppressive effect on the glucagon secretion stimulated by arginine in type @ diabetes .", "the alpha-cell response to an i.v. bolus of arginine ( @mgkg ( -@ ) ) followed by an infusion of arginine ( @mgkg ( -@ ) min ( -@ ) ) was studied in random order during either low dose infusion ( ldt ) or high dose infusion ( hdt ) of insulin in ten patients with type @ diabetes .", "the blood glucose level was clamped at an arterialized level of @mmoll ( -@ ) by a variable infusion of glucose .", "venous c-peptide , glucagon , growth hormone , and insulin were analyzed .", "the mean plasma concentration of insulin was four times higher during the hdt .", "the c-peptide level did not differ between the ldt and the hdt .", "during the ldt in response to arginine the blood glucose level increased from @ to @ mmol l ( -@ ) although the glucose infusion was markedly reduced , while no change was seen during the hdt .", "a significantly smaller increase in the glucagon levels during the hdt was seen ( area under the curve of @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ pgml ( -@ ) h ( -@ ) , p = @ ) while the growth hormone levels were almost identical .", "this study demonstrates that a high level of circulating insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on the glucagon response to arginine in type @ diabetes .", "thus , the suppressive effect of insulin on the glucagon release from the alpha-cell seems to be general and not only dependent on stimulation by hypoglycemia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate if insulin has a suppressive effect on the glucagon secretion stimulated by arginine in type @ diabetes .', 'the alpha-cell response to an i.v. bolus of arginine ( @mgkg ( -@ ) ) followed by an infusion of arginine ( @mgkg ( -@ ) min ( -@ ) ) was studied in random order during either low dose infusion ( ldt ) or high dose infusion ( hdt ) of insulin in ten patients with type @ diabetes .', 'the blood glucose level was clamped at an arterialized level of @mmoll ( -@ ) by a variable infusion of glucose .', 'venous c-peptide , glucagon , growth hormone , and insulin were analyzed .', 'the mean plasma concentration of insulin was four times higher during the hdt .', 'the c-peptide level did not differ between the ldt and the hdt .', 'during the ldt in response to arginine the blood glucose level increased from @ to @ mmol l ( -@ ) although the glucose infusion was markedly reduced , while no change was seen during the hdt .', 'a significantly smaller increase in the glucagon levels during the hdt was seen ( area under the curve of @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ pgml ( -@ ) h ( -@ ) , p = @ ) while the growth hormone levels were almost identical .', 'this study demonstrates that a high level of circulating insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on the glucagon response to arginine in type @ diabetes .', 'thus , the suppressive effect of insulin on the glucagon release from the alpha-cell seems to be general and not only dependent on stimulation by hypoglycemia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the impact of @-month-to-one-year antihypertensive therapy on the vasoregulating junction of the brachial artery and predictors of its efficiency in @ patients with stages i-ii arterial hypertension associated with type @ diabetes mellitus .", "an open randomized study of parallel groups of patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibitors , calcium blockers ( verapamil ) and their combination and in those who did not take antihypertensive therapy examined endothelium-dependent vasodilation ( edvd ) according to the data of ultrasound scanning and doppler study of brachial arterial blood flow as compared with changes in metabolism and @-hour blood pressure profile .", "a positive effect of verapamil on the baseline impaired edvd is realized only in the presence of an adequate compensation of glycemia , at the normal blood level of cortisol , occurs in parallel with increased nonendothelium-dependent vasoreactivity , and associates with the magnitude of an antihypertensive effect .", "ace inhibitors improve decreased edvd irrespective of the degree of glycemic control , the blood level of cortisol without a clear correlation with the altered non-endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity and with the degree of an antihypertensive effect .", "combined therapy with these agents causes decreases in baseline insulinemia and the athoregenicity index and it can improve impaired vasoreactivity even in case of incomplete antihypertensive therapeutic effect .", "the differences found in the effect of ace inhibitors and verapamil on baseline decreased edvd provide evidence for differential use of these drugs to correct impaired vasoreactivity in patients with ah associated with dm .", "the combined antihypertensive therapy fails to produce a positive impact if significant hypercholesterolemia ( total blood cholesterol being more than @ mmol/l ) and stenosing peripheral atherosclerosis are present ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the impact of @-month-to-one-year antihypertensive therapy on the vasoregulating junction of the brachial artery and predictors of its efficiency in @ patients with stages i-ii arterial hypertension associated with type @ diabetes mellitus .', 'an open randomized study of parallel groups of patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibitors , calcium blockers ( verapamil ) and their combination and in those who did not take antihypertensive therapy examined endothelium-dependent vasodilation ( edvd ) according to the data of ultrasound scanning and doppler study of brachial arterial blood flow as compared with changes in metabolism and @-hour blood pressure profile .', 'a positive effect of verapamil on the baseline impaired edvd is realized only in the presence of an adequate compensation of glycemia , at the normal blood level of cortisol , occurs in parallel with increased nonendothelium-dependent vasoreactivity , and associates with the magnitude of an antihypertensive effect .', 'ace inhibitors improve decreased edvd irrespective of the degree of glycemic control , the blood level of cortisol without a clear correlation with the altered non-endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity and with the degree of an antihypertensive effect .', 'combined therapy with these agents causes decreases in baseline insulinemia and the athoregenicity index and it can improve impaired vasoreactivity even in case of incomplete antihypertensive therapeutic effect .', 'the differences found in the effect of ace inhibitors and verapamil on baseline decreased edvd provide evidence for differential use of these drugs to correct impaired vasoreactivity in patients with ah associated with dm .', 'the combined antihypertensive therapy fails to produce a positive impact if significant hypercholesterolemia ( total blood cholesterol being more than @ mmol/l ) and stenosing peripheral atherosclerosis are present .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the standard treatment for patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease is coronary-artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) .", "percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( ptca ) is widely used as an alternative approach to revascularization , but a systematic comparison of the two procedures is needed .", "we compared the outcomes in patients one year after complete revascularization with cabg or ptca .", "a total of @ patients with multivessel coronary disease were screened at eight clinical sites , and @ patients were randomly assigned to undergo cabg ( @ patients ) or ptca ( @ patients ) .", "enrollment required that complete revascularization of at least two major vessels supplying different myocardial regions be deemed clinically necessary and technically feasible .", "among the patients in the cabg group , an average of @ + / - @ vessels were grafted , and among those in the ptca group , @ + / - @ vessels were dilated .", "after cabg , hospitalization was longer ( median , @ , as compared with @ days for ptca ) , and q-wave myocardial infarction in relation to the procedure was more frequent ( @ percent , as compared with @ percent after ptca ; p = @ ) , whereas in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups ( @ percent in the cabg group and @ percent in the ptca group ) .", "at discharge @ percent of the patients in the cabg group were free of angina , as compared with @ percent of those in the ptca group ( p = @ ) .", "during the first year of follow-up , further interventions were necessary in @ percent of the patients in the ptca group ( repeated ptca in @ percent , cabg in @ percent , and both in @ percent ) but in only @ percent of the patients in the cabg group ( repeated cabg in @ percent and ptca in @ percent ; p < @ ) .", "seventy-four percent of the patients in the cabg group and @ percent of those in the ptca group were free of angina one year after treatment .", "exercise capacity improved similarly in both groups .", "however , @ percent of the cabg group , as compared with only @ percent of the ptca group , did not require antianginal medication ( p = @ ) .", "in selected patients with multivessel coronary disease , ptca and cabg as initial treatments resulted in equivalent improvement in angina after one year .", "however , in order to achieve similar clinical outcomes , the patients treated with ptca were more likely to require further interventions and antianginal drugs , whereas the patients treated with cabg were more likely to sustain an acute myocardial infarction at the time of the procedure ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the standard treatment for patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease is coronary-artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) .', 'percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( ptca ) is widely used as an alternative approach to revascularization , but a systematic comparison of the two procedures is needed .', 'we compared the outcomes in patients one year after complete revascularization with cabg or ptca .', 'a total of @ patients with multivessel coronary disease were screened at eight clinical sites , and @ patients were randomly assigned to undergo cabg ( @ patients ) or ptca ( @ patients ) .', 'enrollment required that complete revascularization of at least two major vessels supplying different myocardial regions be deemed clinically necessary and technically feasible .', 'among the patients in the cabg group , an average of @ + / - @ vessels were grafted , and among those in the ptca group , @ + / - @ vessels were dilated .', 'after cabg , hospitalization was longer ( median , @ , as compared with @ days for ptca ) , and q-wave myocardial infarction in relation to the procedure was more frequent ( @ percent , as compared with @ percent after ptca ; p = @ ) , whereas in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups ( @ percent in the cabg group and @ percent in the ptca group ) .', 'at discharge @ percent of the patients in the cabg group were free of angina , as compared with @ percent of those in the ptca group ( p = @ ) .', 'during the first year of follow-up , further interventions were necessary in @ percent of the patients in the ptca group ( repeated ptca in @ percent , cabg in @ percent , and both in @ percent ) but in only @ percent of the patients in the cabg group ( repeated cabg in @ percent and ptca in @ percent ; p < @ ) .', 'seventy-four percent of the patients in the cabg group and @ percent of those in the ptca group were free of angina one year after treatment .', 'exercise capacity improved similarly in both groups .', 'however , @ percent of the cabg group , as compared with only @ percent of the ptca group , did not require antianginal medication ( p = @ ) .', 'in selected patients with multivessel coronary disease , ptca and cabg as initial treatments resulted in equivalent improvement in angina after one year .', 'however , in order to achieve similar clinical outcomes , the patients treated with ptca were more likely to require further interventions and antianginal drugs , whereas the patients treated with cabg were more likely to sustain an acute myocardial infarction at the time of the procedure .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "learning complex procedural skills , such as bronchoscopy , through simulation training , imposes a high cognitive load on novices .", "example-based learning has been shown to be an effective way to reduce cognitive load and enhance learning outcomes .", "prior research has shown that modelling examples , in which a human model demonstrates the skill to a learner , were effective for learning basic surgical skills .", "however , principles derived from simple skills training do not necessarily generalise to more complex skills .", "therefore , the present study examined the effectiveness of integrating modelling examples into simulation training for a more complex procedural skill - bronchoscopy .", "moreover , this study extended previous simulation studies by using a physical demonstration rather than video-based modelling examples .", "forty-eight medical students were randomised into a modelling group and a control group .", "they all practised on eight bronchoscopy simulation cases individually , followed by standardised feedback from an instructor .", "additionally , the modelling group watched three modelling examples of the simulated bronchoscopy , performed by the instructor .", "these modelling examples were interspersed between cases .", "assessments were carried out at pre - , post - and @-week retention tests with simulator-measured performance metrics .", "the primary outcome measure was the percentage of segments entered/minute .", "other measures were wall collisions , red-out , the percentage of segments entered and the time to completion .", "group differences were examined using repeated measures analysis of variance ( anova ) .", "a clear learning curve was observed for both groups , but as hypothesised , the modelling group outperformed the control group on all parameters except the percentage of segments entered on the post-test and retained this superiority at the retention test .", "for the primary outcome measure , the percentage of segments entered/minute , the modelling group achieved a @ % higher score at the post-test and a @ % higher score at the retention test .", "the present study shows , that integrating modelling examples into the curriculum of bronchoscopy simulation training optimises the role of the instructor and enhances novices ' learning outcomes , presumably by optimising cognitive load during training ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['learning complex procedural skills , such as bronchoscopy , through simulation training , imposes a high cognitive load on novices .', 'example-based learning has been shown to be an effective way to reduce cognitive load and enhance learning outcomes .', 'prior research has shown that modelling examples , in which a human model demonstrates the skill to a learner , were effective for learning basic surgical skills .', 'however , principles derived from simple skills training do not necessarily generalise to more complex skills .', 'therefore , the present study examined the effectiveness of integrating modelling examples into simulation training for a more complex procedural skill - bronchoscopy .', 'moreover , this study extended previous simulation studies by using a physical demonstration rather than video-based modelling examples .', 'forty-eight medical students were randomised into a modelling group and a control group .', 'they all practised on eight bronchoscopy simulation cases individually , followed by standardised feedback from an instructor .', 'additionally , the modelling group watched three modelling examples of the simulated bronchoscopy , performed by the instructor .', 'these modelling examples were interspersed between cases .', 'assessments were carried out at pre - , post - and @-week retention tests with simulator-measured performance metrics .', 'the primary outcome measure was the percentage of segments entered/minute .', 'other measures were wall collisions , red-out , the percentage of segments entered and the time to completion .', 'group differences were examined using repeated measures analysis of variance ( anova ) .', 'a clear learning curve was observed for both groups , but as hypothesised , the modelling group outperformed the control group on all parameters except the percentage of segments entered on the post-test and retained this superiority at the retention test .', 'for the primary outcome measure , the percentage of segments entered/minute , the modelling group achieved a @ % higher score at the post-test and a @ % higher score at the retention test .', \"the present study shows , that integrating modelling examples into the curriculum of bronchoscopy simulation training optimises the role of the instructor and enhances novices ' learning outcomes , presumably by optimising cognitive load during training .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the bioavailabilities of two generic brands of montelukast available in the thailand ( montek and tomont ) with the original brand ( singulair ) in healthy thai male volunteers under fasting condition .", "a randomized , single-dose , two-period , two-sequence , crossover study design with a @-week wash-out period was done in @ healthy thai male volunteers for each study .", "blood samples for plasma montelukast levels were collected at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ h after administration , and was then analyzed using a validated hplc method .", "the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of test and reference products by using non-compartment analysis .", "in each study , the anova of cmax and auc@-t , auct-inf did not show any significant difference between two formulations and products of montelukast and the @ % confidence intervals of cmax and auc@-t , auct-inf fell within the acceptable range of thailand food and drug administration .", "it can be concluded that montek and tomont are bioequivalent to singulair , and that two generic products can be considered interchangeable with the reference in medical practice ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the bioavailabilities of two generic brands of montelukast available in the thailand ( montek and tomont ) with the original brand ( singulair ) in healthy thai male volunteers under fasting condition .', 'a randomized , single-dose , two-period , two-sequence , crossover study design with a @-week wash-out period was done in @ healthy thai male volunteers for each study .', 'blood samples for plasma montelukast levels were collected at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ h after administration , and was then analyzed using a validated hplc method .', 'the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of test and reference products by using non-compartment analysis .', 'in each study , the anova of cmax and auc@-t , auct-inf did not show any significant difference between two formulations and products of montelukast and the @ % confidence intervals of cmax and auc@-t , auct-inf fell within the acceptable range of thailand food and drug administration .', 'it can be concluded that montek and tomont are bioequivalent to singulair , and that two generic products can be considered interchangeable with the reference in medical practice .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "selexipag is a novel , oral , selective prostacyclin ( pgi@ ) receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension .", "film-coated tablets with strength between @ and @,@ g were used .", "bioequivalence between @ x @ g and a new @,@ g tablet was evaluated at steady state in healthy male subjects .", "this was an open-label , @-treatment , @-period , crossover , up-titration , phase @ study .", "the treatments were selexipag at @,@ g b.i.d. for @ days either as @ x @ g tablets ( reference : a ) or @ x @,@ g tablet ( test : b ) , both preceded by an up-titration phase starting from @ g b.i.d. doses , in @-g steps every @th day .", "subjects were randomized @ : @ to the a-b or b-a sequence .", "the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of selexipag and its active metabolite , act-@ , were investigated .", "@ subjects were enrolled in the study : @ subjects completed the study according to protocol , and @ subjects withdrew from the study .", "the most frequent adverse events ( aes ) were headache ( @ % ) , myalgia ( @ % ) , and jaw pain ( @ % ) .", "there was no difference in nature and overall frequency of aes between the two treatments .", "steady state was attained within @ days of the selexipag @,@ g b.i.d.", "the @ % confidence intervals ( cis ) of the geometric mean ratio ( b/a ) at steady state for auc and cmax , ss were within ( @ , @ ) bioequivalence interval : ( @ , @ ) and ( @ , @ ) , respectively , for selexipag and ( @ , @ ) and ( @ , @ ) , respectively , for the active metabolite , act-@ .", "bioequivalence was demonstrated between @ x @ g and @ x @,@ g selexipag at steady state ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['selexipag is a novel , oral , selective prostacyclin ( pgi@ ) receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension .', 'film-coated tablets with strength between @ and @,@ g were used .', 'bioequivalence between @ x @ g and a new @,@ g tablet was evaluated at steady state in healthy male subjects .', 'this was an open-label , @-treatment , @-period , crossover , up-titration , phase @ study .', 'the treatments were selexipag at @,@ g b.i.d. for @ days either as @ x @ g tablets ( reference : a ) or @ x @,@ g tablet ( test : b ) , both preceded by an up-titration phase starting from @ g b.i.d. doses , in @-g steps every @th day .', 'subjects were randomized @ : @ to the a-b or b-a sequence .', 'the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of selexipag and its active metabolite , act-@ , were investigated .', '@ subjects were enrolled in the study : @ subjects completed the study according to protocol , and @ subjects withdrew from the study .', 'the most frequent adverse events ( aes ) were headache ( @ % ) , myalgia ( @ % ) , and jaw pain ( @ % ) .', 'there was no difference in nature and overall frequency of aes between the two treatments .', 'steady state was attained within @ days of the selexipag @,@ g b.i.d.', 'the @ % confidence intervals ( cis ) of the geometric mean ratio ( b/a ) at steady state for auc and cmax , ss were within ( @ , @ ) bioequivalence interval : ( @ , @ ) and ( @ , @ ) , respectively , for selexipag and ( @ , @ ) and ( @ , @ ) , respectively , for the active metabolite , act-@ .', 'bioequivalence was demonstrated between @ x @ g and @ x @,@ g selexipag at steady state .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "type @ diabetes is caused by reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver .", "we tested the combination therapy with insulin aspart , rosiglitazone , and metformin with the purpose of treating all three defects in order to test the hypothesis that this `` triple therapy '' will normalize glucose metabolism .", "sixteen obese type @ diabetic outpatients on human nph or mix ( regular + nph insulin ) insulin twice daily were randomized to either triple therapy , i.e. , insulin aspart ( a rapid-acting insulin analog ) at meals , metformin ( which improves hepatic insulin sensitivity ) , and rosiglitazone ( which improves peripheral insulin sensitivity ) , or to continue their nph or mix insulin twice daily for @ months .", "insulin doses were adjusted in both groups based on algorithms .", "hba ( @c ) , insulin dose , hypoglycemic episodes , insulin sensitivity ( clamp ) , hepatic glucose production ( tracer ) , and diurnal profiles of plasma glucose and insulin were used in evaluating treatment .", "in the triple therapy group , hba ( @c ) declined from @ to @ % ( p < @ ) without inducing severe hypoglycemic events .", "postprandial hyperglycemia was generally avoided , and the diurnal profile of serum insulin showed fast and high peaks without any need to increase insulin dose .", "in the control group , the insulin dose was increased by @ % , but nevertheless both hba ( @c ) and @-h blood glucose profiles remained unchanged .", "insulin sensitivity improved in both skeletal muscle and the liver in the triple therapy group , whereas no change was observed in the control group .", "we conclude that treatment of the three major pathophysiological defects in type @ diabetic subjects by triple therapy significantly improved glucose metabolism in obese type @ diabetic subjects ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['type @ diabetes is caused by reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver .', \"we tested the combination therapy with insulin aspart , rosiglitazone , and metformin with the purpose of treating all three defects in order to test the hypothesis that this `` triple therapy '' will normalize glucose metabolism .\", 'sixteen obese type @ diabetic outpatients on human nph or mix ( regular + nph insulin ) insulin twice daily were randomized to either triple therapy , i.e. , insulin aspart ( a rapid-acting insulin analog ) at meals , metformin ( which improves hepatic insulin sensitivity ) , and rosiglitazone ( which improves peripheral insulin sensitivity ) , or to continue their nph or mix insulin twice daily for @ months .', 'insulin doses were adjusted in both groups based on algorithms .', 'hba ( @c ) , insulin dose , hypoglycemic episodes , insulin sensitivity ( clamp ) , hepatic glucose production ( tracer ) , and diurnal profiles of plasma glucose and insulin were used in evaluating treatment .', 'in the triple therapy group , hba ( @c ) declined from @ to @ % ( p < @ ) without inducing severe hypoglycemic events .', 'postprandial hyperglycemia was generally avoided , and the diurnal profile of serum insulin showed fast and high peaks without any need to increase insulin dose .', 'in the control group , the insulin dose was increased by @ % , but nevertheless both hba ( @c ) and @-h blood glucose profiles remained unchanged .', 'insulin sensitivity improved in both skeletal muscle and the liver in the triple therapy group , whereas no change was observed in the control group .', 'we conclude that treatment of the three major pathophysiological defects in type @ diabetic subjects by triple therapy significantly improved glucose metabolism in obese type @ diabetic subjects .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the therapeutic effect of aqueous humor shunt implants with amniotic membrane transplantation on intractable glaucoma .", "glaucoma was induced in rabbits by the injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eyes .", "the rabbits were divided into four groups .", "group a : control group , group b : single shunt tube group , group c : shunt tube with amniotic membrane transplantation group , group d : shunt tube with amniotic supporter and amniotic membrane transplantation group .", "the intraocular pressure ( iop ) , histology and filterable ability of the tissue around the tubes were studied .", "the therapeutic effect of the three methods for the glaucoma was compared .", "from @ to @ , @ eyes of @ patients with uncontrolled glacoma after penetrating keratoplasty were randomly assigned into two groups .", "one group ( @ eyes ) underwent implantation of shunt tube combining transplantation of amniotic membrane .", "the other group underwent implantation of a single plate molteno implant .", "clinical records were reviewed to ascertain postoperative iop , visual acuities , number of medications .", "the iop elevated after the operation and reached at the peak on the third day for all groups and then dropped slowly .", "the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg ( @ mmhg = @ kpa ) for group a and @ + / - @ mmhg for group b three months after the operation .", "there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( p = @ ) .", "the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg for group c and there was statistical significant difference between group c and group a ( p = @ ) and no difference between group c and group b ( p = @ ) .", "the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg for group d and there was statistical significant difference between group d and group a ( p = @ ) and group b ( p = @ ) .", "there was no difference between group d and group c ( p = @ ) .", "the study of horseradish peroxidase penetrability indicated that there was peroxidase in the tissues around the tube with amniotic membrane transplantation and no peroxidase for simple shunt tube .", "the fibrous tissue near the tube was denser in simple shunt tube group than that in containing amnion groups .", "in clinic , the basic data existed no statistical difference between the two groups before surgery .", "the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg in shunt tube with amnion group and @ + / - @ mmhg in simple plate molteno implant group ( p = @ ) before operation .", "there was significant relativity of the visual acuity before and after the operation in two groups ( r = @ , p = @ and r = @ , p = @ ) .", "most patients of the two groups had to use one or two anti glaucoma drugs .", "the overall success rates were @ % for shunt tube with amnion group and @ % for molteno implant group ( p = @ ) within the follow-up period .", "kaplan-meier success analysis indicated one year cumulative success rates of @ % for shunt tube with amnion group and of @ % for molteno implant group ( p = @ ) .", "amniotic membrane can inhibit proliferation of the scar around the shunt tube .", "shunt tube implantation conbining amniotic membrane transplantation can significantly lowered the iop of glaucoma .", "combined using amnion supporter can expend shunt area and significantly reduce iop of glaucoma .", "the effect of shunt tube implantation combining amniotic membrane transplantation has the similar result of single plate molteno implant for the glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate the therapeutic effect of aqueous humor shunt implants with amniotic membrane transplantation on intractable glaucoma .', 'glaucoma was induced in rabbits by the injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eyes .', 'the rabbits were divided into four groups .', 'group a : control group , group b : single shunt tube group , group c : shunt tube with amniotic membrane transplantation group , group d : shunt tube with amniotic supporter and amniotic membrane transplantation group .', 'the intraocular pressure ( iop ) , histology and filterable ability of the tissue around the tubes were studied .', 'the therapeutic effect of the three methods for the glaucoma was compared .', 'from @ to @ , @ eyes of @ patients with uncontrolled glacoma after penetrating keratoplasty were randomly assigned into two groups .', 'one group ( @ eyes ) underwent implantation of shunt tube combining transplantation of amniotic membrane .', 'the other group underwent implantation of a single plate molteno implant .', 'clinical records were reviewed to ascertain postoperative iop , visual acuities , number of medications .', 'the iop elevated after the operation and reached at the peak on the third day for all groups and then dropped slowly .', 'the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg ( @ mmhg = @ kpa ) for group a and @ + / - @ mmhg for group b three months after the operation .', 'there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( p = @ ) .', 'the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg for group c and there was statistical significant difference between group c and group a ( p = @ ) and no difference between group c and group b ( p = @ ) .', 'the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg for group d and there was statistical significant difference between group d and group a ( p = @ ) and group b ( p = @ ) .', 'there was no difference between group d and group c ( p = @ ) .', 'the study of horseradish peroxidase penetrability indicated that there was peroxidase in the tissues around the tube with amniotic membrane transplantation and no peroxidase for simple shunt tube .', 'the fibrous tissue near the tube was denser in simple shunt tube group than that in containing amnion groups .', 'in clinic , the basic data existed no statistical difference between the two groups before surgery .', 'the iop was @ + / - @ mmhg in shunt tube with amnion group and @ + / - @ mmhg in simple plate molteno implant group ( p = @ ) before operation .', 'there was significant relativity of the visual acuity before and after the operation in two groups ( r = @ , p = @ and r = @ , p = @ ) .', 'most patients of the two groups had to use one or two anti glaucoma drugs .', 'the overall success rates were @ % for shunt tube with amnion group and @ % for molteno implant group ( p = @ ) within the follow-up period .', 'kaplan-meier success analysis indicated one year cumulative success rates of @ % for shunt tube with amnion group and of @ % for molteno implant group ( p = @ ) .', 'amniotic membrane can inhibit proliferation of the scar around the shunt tube .', 'shunt tube implantation conbining amniotic membrane transplantation can significantly lowered the iop of glaucoma .', 'combined using amnion supporter can expend shunt area and significantly reduce iop of glaucoma .', 'the effect of shunt tube implantation combining amniotic membrane transplantation has the similar result of single plate molteno implant for the glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to report findings regarding health-related quality-of-life outcomes by treatment arm , both overall and within subgroups defined by selected baseline characteristics , among patients who participated in the submacular surgery trials ( sst ) randomized trial of observation vs surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions that were either idiopathic or associated with ocular histoplasmosis ( sst group h trial ) .", "eligible patients were @ years or older and had subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( including a classic component on fluorescein angiography ) and visual acuity of @/@ to @/@ inclusive in the eye randomly assigned to surgery or observation .", "trained interviewers , who were masked to treatment assignment , administered the national eye institute visual function questionnaire ( nei-vfq ) , the @-item short-form health survey ( sf-@ ) , and the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) by telephone before enrollment and at @ , @ , and @ months after enrollment ; early enrollees also had interviews at @ and @ months .", "baseline clinical examinations provided data regarding visual acuity , other aspects of vision , and presence of unilateral or bilateral choroidal neovascularization .", "of @ patients interviewed at baseline and enrolled , @ , @ , and @ patients ( respectively , @ % , @ % , and @ % of those eligible to be interviewed ) were interviewed @ , @ , and @ months later .", "the nei-vfq scores in both treatment arms improved from baseline ( median score , @ ) to the @-month interview .", "patients in the surgery arm had @-point larger improvements , on average , than patients in the observation arm ( @ % confidence interval , @-@ points ) .", "the largest differences between treatment arms for mean @-month improvements from baseline were in the role difficulties subscale ( @ points ) and dependency subscale ( @ points ) , with larger mean improvements in the surgery arm .", "scores on the sf-@ worsened by approximately @ point on the physical component summary and improved by @ points or more on the mental component summary in both treatment arms by @ months in comparison to baseline .", "the percentage of hads-defined `` definite cases '' of both anxiety and depression declined from baseline in each treatment arm .", "vision-targeted quality of life improved more after submacular surgery than with observation , supporting a possible small overall benefit of surgery suggested by the ophthalmic outcomes reported elsewhere .", "ophthalmologists and patients similar to those who participated in the sst group h trial should be aware of the effects of submacular surgery on specific aspects of vision-targeted quality of life as well as on ophthalmic outcomes when considering this treatment approach ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to report findings regarding health-related quality-of-life outcomes by treatment arm , both overall and within subgroups defined by selected baseline characteristics , among patients who participated in the submacular surgery trials ( sst ) randomized trial of observation vs surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions that were either idiopathic or associated with ocular histoplasmosis ( sst group h trial ) .', 'eligible patients were @ years or older and had subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( including a classic component on fluorescein angiography ) and visual acuity of @/@ to @/@ inclusive in the eye randomly assigned to surgery or observation .', 'trained interviewers , who were masked to treatment assignment , administered the national eye institute visual function questionnaire ( nei-vfq ) , the @-item short-form health survey ( sf-@ ) , and the hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) by telephone before enrollment and at @ , @ , and @ months after enrollment ; early enrollees also had interviews at @ and @ months .', 'baseline clinical examinations provided data regarding visual acuity , other aspects of vision , and presence of unilateral or bilateral choroidal neovascularization .', 'of @ patients interviewed at baseline and enrolled , @ , @ , and @ patients ( respectively , @ % , @ % , and @ % of those eligible to be interviewed ) were interviewed @ , @ , and @ months later .', 'the nei-vfq scores in both treatment arms improved from baseline ( median score , @ ) to the @-month interview .', 'patients in the surgery arm had @-point larger improvements , on average , than patients in the observation arm ( @ % confidence interval , @-@ points ) .', 'the largest differences between treatment arms for mean @-month improvements from baseline were in the role difficulties subscale ( @ points ) and dependency subscale ( @ points ) , with larger mean improvements in the surgery arm .', 'scores on the sf-@ worsened by approximately @ point on the physical component summary and improved by @ points or more on the mental component summary in both treatment arms by @ months in comparison to baseline .', \"the percentage of hads-defined `` definite cases '' of both anxiety and depression declined from baseline in each treatment arm .\", 'vision-targeted quality of life improved more after submacular surgery than with observation , supporting a possible small overall benefit of surgery suggested by the ophthalmic outcomes reported elsewhere .', 'ophthalmologists and patients similar to those who participated in the sst group h trial should be aware of the effects of submacular surgery on specific aspects of vision-targeted quality of life as well as on ophthalmic outcomes when considering this treatment approach .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "extended-interval dosing of epoetin alfa ( epo ) is commonly used to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .", "this study aimed to demonstrate that epo dosed every @ weeks ( q@w ) and every @ weeks ( q@w ) was noninferior to once-weekly ( qw ) dosing .", "@ anemic subjects with stage @ to @ ckd receiving a stable qw dose of epo were randomized @:@:@ to qw , q@w , and q@w dosing for @ weeks .", "hemoglobin ( hb ) was measured weekly , and the dose of epo was adjusted to maintain an hb level of @ to @ g/dl .", "the primary endpoint was change in hb from baseline to the average of the last @ weeks of treatment .", "both the q@w and q@w dosing groups were noninferior to the qw group .", "the estimated difference of the mean change in hb between q@w and qw was -@ g/dl ; and between q@w and qw was -@ g/dl .", "from weeks @ to @ , the mean percentage of weeks per subject with hb @ to @ g/dl , inclusive , was @ % for qw , @ % for q@w , and @ % for q@w .", "death occurred , respectively , in @ % , @ % , and @ % ; thromboembolic vascular events occurred in @ % , @ % , and @ % ; and serious adverse events occurred in @ % , @ % , and @ % of subjects .", "q@w and q@w epo dosing maintained hb levels in subjects with stage @ to @ ckd .", "deaths , thromboembolic vascular events , and serious adverse events were comparable across the dosing groups ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['extended-interval dosing of epoetin alfa ( epo ) is commonly used to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .', 'this study aimed to demonstrate that epo dosed every @ weeks ( q@w ) and every @ weeks ( q@w ) was noninferior to once-weekly ( qw ) dosing .', '@ anemic subjects with stage @ to @ ckd receiving a stable qw dose of epo were randomized @:@:@ to qw , q@w , and q@w dosing for @ weeks .', 'hemoglobin ( hb ) was measured weekly , and the dose of epo was adjusted to maintain an hb level of @ to @ g/dl .', 'the primary endpoint was change in hb from baseline to the average of the last @ weeks of treatment .', 'both the q@w and q@w dosing groups were noninferior to the qw group .', 'the estimated difference of the mean change in hb between q@w and qw was -@ g/dl ; and between q@w and qw was -@ g/dl .', 'from weeks @ to @ , the mean percentage of weeks per subject with hb @ to @ g/dl , inclusive , was @ % for qw , @ % for q@w , and @ % for q@w .', 'death occurred , respectively , in @ % , @ % , and @ % ; thromboembolic vascular events occurred in @ % , @ % , and @ % ; and serious adverse events occurred in @ % , @ % , and @ % of subjects .', 'q@w and q@w epo dosing maintained hb levels in subjects with stage @ to @ ckd .', 'deaths , thromboembolic vascular events , and serious adverse events were comparable across the dosing groups .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the safety , tolerability , and clinical outcomes of an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen designed to incorporate a non-cross-resistant agent ( paclitaxel , t ) with a maximally dose-intensified regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ( ac ) in conjunction with hematopoietic growth factor support ( recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ; g-csf ; filgrastim ) .", "a secondary aim was to assess if a higher dose ( @ mcg/kg/day ) of g-csf is more efficacious than the conventional dose ( @ mcg/kg/day ) in this setting .", "female patients with early-stage , node-positive invasive breast cancer were eligible for this multicenter , cooperative group feasibility trial that was designed as the pilot study for a larger randomized clinical trial .", "the protocol treatment comprised five cycles of dose-intensified ac ( @ and @ mg/m ( @ ) / cycle , respectively , intravenously every three weeks ) with g-csf support , followed by an additional four cycles of t ( @ mg/m ( @ ) by @h intravenous infusion , every three weeks ) .", "patients were randomized to receive one of two dose levels of g-csf ( @ vs. @ mcg/kg/day ) during ac chemotherapy .", "data on both short-term toxicity and long-term survival were collected .", "one hundred and seventy two node-positive patients with operable primary breast cancer were accrued to this trial between february @ and april @ of the @ patients ( @ % ) completed all protocol-specified therapy .", "of the @ early study withdrawals , @ were due to unacceptable acute treatment-related toxicity .", "no differences in toxicities or clinical outcomes were noted between the two different dose levels of g-csf support .", "at @ years median follow-up , relapse-free survival ( rfs ) and overall survival ( os ) rates for all patients are @ % and @ % , respectively .", "ten patients developed second malignancies during follow-up , including three cases with a hematologic malignancy ( @ % incidence ) .", "the delivery of dose-intensified ac followed by t was feasible in this large-scale pilot trial , although significant acute toxicities were commonly encountered .", "the data confirmed the acceptable tolerability of t after aggressive myelotoxic therapy in the adjuvant setting , leading to a larger randomized clinical trial comparing three dose levels of doxorubicin in ac with or without the addition of t ( calgb @ ) .", "supportive care using twice the conventional dose of g-csf did not significantly improve the tolerability or change the toxicities of this regimen , and the occurrence of secondary malignancies is consistent with the emerging risk profile of dose-intensive regimens with growth factor support .", "with long-term follow-up , the clinical outcomes remain relatively favorable and correlate with such expected prognostic factors as the number of involved nodes and hormone receptor status ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the safety , tolerability , and clinical outcomes of an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen designed to incorporate a non-cross-resistant agent ( paclitaxel , t ) with a maximally dose-intensified regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ( ac ) in conjunction with hematopoietic growth factor support ( recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ; g-csf ; filgrastim ) .', 'a secondary aim was to assess if a higher dose ( @ mcg/kg/day ) of g-csf is more efficacious than the conventional dose ( @ mcg/kg/day ) in this setting .', 'female patients with early-stage , node-positive invasive breast cancer were eligible for this multicenter , cooperative group feasibility trial that was designed as the pilot study for a larger randomized clinical trial .', 'the protocol treatment comprised five cycles of dose-intensified ac ( @ and @ mg/m ( @ ) / cycle , respectively , intravenously every three weeks ) with g-csf support , followed by an additional four cycles of t ( @ mg/m ( @ ) by @h intravenous infusion , every three weeks ) .', 'patients were randomized to receive one of two dose levels of g-csf ( @ vs. @ mcg/kg/day ) during ac chemotherapy .', 'data on both short-term toxicity and long-term survival were collected .', 'one hundred and seventy two node-positive patients with operable primary breast cancer were accrued to this trial between february @ and april @ of the @ patients ( @ % ) completed all protocol-specified therapy .', 'of the @ early study withdrawals , @ were due to unacceptable acute treatment-related toxicity .', 'no differences in toxicities or clinical outcomes were noted between the two different dose levels of g-csf support .', 'at @ years median follow-up , relapse-free survival ( rfs ) and overall survival ( os ) rates for all patients are @ % and @ % , respectively .', 'ten patients developed second malignancies during follow-up , including three cases with a hematologic malignancy ( @ % incidence ) .', 'the delivery of dose-intensified ac followed by t was feasible in this large-scale pilot trial , although significant acute toxicities were commonly encountered .', 'the data confirmed the acceptable tolerability of t after aggressive myelotoxic therapy in the adjuvant setting , leading to a larger randomized clinical trial comparing three dose levels of doxorubicin in ac with or without the addition of t ( calgb @ ) .', 'supportive care using twice the conventional dose of g-csf did not significantly improve the tolerability or change the toxicities of this regimen , and the occurrence of secondary malignancies is consistent with the emerging risk profile of dose-intensive regimens with growth factor support .', 'with long-term follow-up , the clinical outcomes remain relatively favorable and correlate with such expected prognostic factors as the number of involved nodes and hormone receptor status .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this randomized phase iii trial compared pathologic complete response ( pcr ) rates of early breast cancer ( ebc ) following neoadjuvant epirubicin-docetaxel ( ed ) capecitabine ( c ) , and evaluated the addition of trastuzumab in her@-positive tumors .", "patients with invasive breast cancer ( except t@d ) were randomly assigned to receive six @-weekly cycles of ed ( both @ mg/m@ ) c ( @ mg/m@ , twice daily , days @-@ ) .", "patients with her@-positive disease were further randomized to receive trastuzumab ( @ mg/kg , then @ mg/kg every @ weeks ) or not .", "primary end point : pcr rate at the time of surgery .", "five hundred thirty-six patients were randomized to ed ( n = @ ) or edc ( n = @ ) ; @ patients were further randomized to trastuzumab ( n = @ ) or not ( n = @ ) .", "pcr rate was significantly increased with edc ( @ % versus @ % ed , p = @ ) , and nonsignificantly further increased with trastuzumab ( @ % edc versus @ % ed , p = @ ) .", "rates of axillary node involvement at surgery and breast conservation were improved with edc versus ed , but not significantly ; the addition of trastuzumab had no further impact .", "hormone receptor status , tumor size , grade , and c ( all p@ @ ) were independent prognostic factors for pcr .", "trastuzumab added to edc significantly increased the number of serious adverse events ( @ versus @ ; p = @ ) , mainly due to infusion-related reactions .", "these findings show that the integration of c into a neoadjuvant taxane - / anthracycline-based regimen is a feasible , safe , and effective treatment option , with incorporation of trastuzumab in her@-positive disease .", "nct@ , www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this randomized phase iii trial compared pathologic complete response ( pcr ) rates of early breast cancer ( ebc ) following neoadjuvant epirubicin-docetaxel ( ed ) capecitabine ( c ) , and evaluated the addition of trastuzumab in her@-positive tumors .', 'patients with invasive breast cancer ( except t@d ) were randomly assigned to receive six @-weekly cycles of ed ( both @ mg/m@ ) c ( @ mg/m@ , twice daily , days @-@ ) .', 'patients with her@-positive disease were further randomized to receive trastuzumab ( @ mg/kg , then @ mg/kg every @ weeks ) or not .', 'primary end point : pcr rate at the time of surgery .', 'five hundred thirty-six patients were randomized to ed ( n = @ ) or edc ( n = @ ) ; @ patients were further randomized to trastuzumab ( n = @ ) or not ( n = @ ) .', 'pcr rate was significantly increased with edc ( @ % versus @ % ed , p = @ ) , and nonsignificantly further increased with trastuzumab ( @ % edc versus @ % ed , p = @ ) .', 'rates of axillary node involvement at surgery and breast conservation were improved with edc versus ed , but not significantly ; the addition of trastuzumab had no further impact .', 'hormone receptor status , tumor size , grade , and c ( all p@ @ ) were independent prognostic factors for pcr .', 'trastuzumab added to edc significantly increased the number of serious adverse events ( @ versus @ ; p = @ ) , mainly due to infusion-related reactions .', 'these findings show that the integration of c into a neoadjuvant taxane - / anthracycline-based regimen is a feasible , safe , and effective treatment option , with incorporation of trastuzumab in her@-positive disease .', 'nct@ , www.clinicaltrials.gov .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "grapefruit juice inhibits cyp@a@ in the intestinal wall leading to a reduced intestinal first pass metabolism and thereby an increased oral bioavailability of certain drugs .", "for example , it has been shown that the oral bioavailability of midazolam , a cyp@a@ substrate , increased by @ % in healthy subjects after ingestion of grapefruit juice .", "however , this interaction has not been studied in patients with impaired liver function .", "accordingly , the effect of grapefruit juice on the auc of midazolam and the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam was studied in patients with cirrhosis of the liver .", "an open randomized two-way crossover study was performed .", "ten patients ( @ females , @ males ) with liver cirrhosis based on biopsy or clinical criteria participated .", "six patients had a child-pugh score of a , one b and three c. tap water ( @ ml ) or grapefruit juice were consumed @ and @ min before midazolam ( @ mg ) was administered orally .", "plasma samples were analysed for midazolam and alpha-hydroxymidazolam .", "grapefruit juice increased the auc of midazolam by @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( mean ( @ % confidence interval ) ) and the auc of the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam decreased to @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( p < @ for both ) .", "the ratio of the aucs of the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam to midazolam decreased from @ ( @ , @ ) to @ ( @ , @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "t ( @/@ ) remained unaltered for both drug and metabolite .", "midazolam c ( max ) , t ( max ) , and alpha-hydroxymidazolam t ( max ) increased , but these changes were not statistically significant , whereas c ( max ) of the metabolite decreased to @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "a marked interaction between oral midazolam and grapefruit juice was found and the data are consistent with a reduced first-pass metabolism of midazolam .", "this is likely to occur at the intestinal wall inhibition of cyp@a@ activity by grapefruit juice .", "these results indicate that patients with liver cirrhosis are more dependent on the intestine for metabolism of cyp@a@ substrates than subjects with normal liver function ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['grapefruit juice inhibits cyp@a@ in the intestinal wall leading to a reduced intestinal first pass metabolism and thereby an increased oral bioavailability of certain drugs .', 'for example , it has been shown that the oral bioavailability of midazolam , a cyp@a@ substrate , increased by @ % in healthy subjects after ingestion of grapefruit juice .', 'however , this interaction has not been studied in patients with impaired liver function .', 'accordingly , the effect of grapefruit juice on the auc of midazolam and the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam was studied in patients with cirrhosis of the liver .', 'an open randomized two-way crossover study was performed .', 'ten patients ( @ females , @ males ) with liver cirrhosis based on biopsy or clinical criteria participated .', 'six patients had a child-pugh score of a , one b and three c. tap water ( @ ml ) or grapefruit juice were consumed @ and @ min before midazolam ( @ mg ) was administered orally .', 'plasma samples were analysed for midazolam and alpha-hydroxymidazolam .', 'grapefruit juice increased the auc of midazolam by @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( mean ( @ % confidence interval ) ) and the auc of the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam decreased to @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( p < @ for both ) .', 'the ratio of the aucs of the metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam to midazolam decreased from @ ( @ , @ ) to @ ( @ , @ ) ( p < @ ) .', 't ( @/@ ) remained unaltered for both drug and metabolite .', 'midazolam c ( max ) , t ( max ) , and alpha-hydroxymidazolam t ( max ) increased , but these changes were not statistically significant , whereas c ( max ) of the metabolite decreased to @ % ( @ , @ % ) ( p < @ ) .', 'a marked interaction between oral midazolam and grapefruit juice was found and the data are consistent with a reduced first-pass metabolism of midazolam .', 'this is likely to occur at the intestinal wall inhibition of cyp@a@ activity by grapefruit juice .', 'these results indicate that patients with liver cirrhosis are more dependent on the intestine for metabolism of cyp@a@ substrates than subjects with normal liver function .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the association between maternal herpes simplex virus type @ seropositivity and genital herpes simplex virus type @ shedding with perinatal hiv transmission .", "evaluation of women who participated in a @-@ perinatal hiv transmission prevention trial in thailand .", "in this nonbreastfeeding population , women were randomized to zidovudine or placebo from @ weeks gestation through delivery ; maternal plasma and cervicovaginal hiv viral load and infant hiv status were determined for the original study .", "stored maternal plasma and cervicovaginal samples were tested for herpes simplex virus type @ antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay and for herpes simplex virus type @ dna by real-time pcr , respectively .", "among @ hiv-positive women with available samples , @ ( @ % ) were herpes simplex virus type @ seropositive and @ ( @ % ) were shedding herpes simplex virus type @ .", "herpes simplex virus type @ seropositivity was associated with overall perinatal hiv transmission [ adjusted odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) ] , and herpes simplex virus type @ shedding was associated with intrapartum transmission ( adjusted odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) independent of plasma and cervicovaginal hiv viral load , and zidovudine treatment .", "median plasma hiv viral load was higher among herpes simplex virus type @ shedders ( @ vs. @ log ( @ ) copies/ml ; p = @ ) , and more shedders had quantifiable levels of hiv in cervicovaginal samples , compared with women not shedding herpes simplex virus type @ ( @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "we found an increased risk of perinatal hiv transmission among herpes simplex virus type @ seropositive women and an increased risk of intrapartum hiv transmission among women shedding herpes simplex virus type @ .", "these novel findings suggest that interventions to control herpes simplex virus type @ infection could further reduce perinatal hiv transmission ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the association between maternal herpes simplex virus type @ seropositivity and genital herpes simplex virus type @ shedding with perinatal hiv transmission .', 'evaluation of women who participated in a @-@ perinatal hiv transmission prevention trial in thailand .', 'in this nonbreastfeeding population , women were randomized to zidovudine or placebo from @ weeks gestation through delivery ; maternal plasma and cervicovaginal hiv viral load and infant hiv status were determined for the original study .', 'stored maternal plasma and cervicovaginal samples were tested for herpes simplex virus type @ antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay and for herpes simplex virus type @ dna by real-time pcr , respectively .', 'among @ hiv-positive women with available samples , @ ( @ % ) were herpes simplex virus type @ seropositive and @ ( @ % ) were shedding herpes simplex virus type @ .', 'herpes simplex virus type @ seropositivity was associated with overall perinatal hiv transmission [ adjusted odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) ] , and herpes simplex virus type @ shedding was associated with intrapartum transmission ( adjusted odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) independent of plasma and cervicovaginal hiv viral load , and zidovudine treatment .', 'median plasma hiv viral load was higher among herpes simplex virus type @ shedders ( @ vs. @ log ( @ ) copies/ml ; p = @ ) , and more shedders had quantifiable levels of hiv in cervicovaginal samples , compared with women not shedding herpes simplex virus type @ ( @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'we found an increased risk of perinatal hiv transmission among herpes simplex virus type @ seropositive women and an increased risk of intrapartum hiv transmission among women shedding herpes simplex virus type @ .', 'these novel findings suggest that interventions to control herpes simplex virus type @ infection could further reduce perinatal hiv transmission .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "deficits in balance are increasingly recognized among the important secondary impairments in copd .", "the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a balance-training program on measures of balance and physical function in patients with copd enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation ( pr ) .", "patients were assigned randomly to an intervention or control group .", "the intervention group underwent balance training three times a week for @ weeks concurrently with pr .", "the control group received only the @-week pr program .", "clinical balance measures included the berg balance scale ( bbs ) , the balance evaluation systems test ( bestest ) , and the activities-specific balance confidence ( abc ) scale .", "the physical function subscale of the @-item short form health survey ( pf-@ ) and the @-s chair-stand test were used to measure self-reported physical function and lower-extremity muscle strength , respectively .", "thirty-nine patients with copd ( mean fev@ , @ % @ % predicted ) were enrolled in the study .", "mean compliance with the balance-training program was @ % , and no adverse events were reported .", "compared with control subjects , scores on the bbs ( p < @ ) , bestest ( p < @ ) , pf-@ ( p = @ ) , and @-s chair-stand ( p = @ ) were significantly improved in the intervention group .", "no significant between-group differences were found in change scores on the abc scale ( p = @ ) .", "our results support the feasibility and effectiveness of balance training as part of pr for improving balance performance , muscle strength , and self-reported physical function in patients with moderate to severe copd ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['deficits in balance are increasingly recognized among the important secondary impairments in copd .', 'the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a balance-training program on measures of balance and physical function in patients with copd enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation ( pr ) .', 'patients were assigned randomly to an intervention or control group .', 'the intervention group underwent balance training three times a week for @ weeks concurrently with pr .', 'the control group received only the @-week pr program .', 'clinical balance measures included the berg balance scale ( bbs ) , the balance evaluation systems test ( bestest ) , and the activities-specific balance confidence ( abc ) scale .', 'the physical function subscale of the @-item short form health survey ( pf-@ ) and the @-s chair-stand test were used to measure self-reported physical function and lower-extremity muscle strength , respectively .', 'thirty-nine patients with copd ( mean fev@ , @ % @ % predicted ) were enrolled in the study .', 'mean compliance with the balance-training program was @ % , and no adverse events were reported .', 'compared with control subjects , scores on the bbs ( p < @ ) , bestest ( p < @ ) , pf-@ ( p = @ ) , and @-s chair-stand ( p = @ ) were significantly improved in the intervention group .', 'no significant between-group differences were found in change scores on the abc scale ( p = @ ) .', 'our results support the feasibility and effectiveness of balance training as part of pr for improving balance performance , muscle strength , and self-reported physical function in patients with moderate to severe copd .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was a first initiative to evaluate the application of social marketing theory ( smt ) to increase attendance at an alcohol abuse education program for university residence hall students and to ascertain whether aggressive recruitment strategies are necessary as part of the stepped approach model ( sam ) of service delivery .", "smt and public health strategies that include focus groups , in-depth interviews , and intercept interviews were used to develop recruitment materials in a test hall .", "these new recruitment materials were introduced to the residents in the treatment hall ( n = @ ) and were compared to the usual care , control hall ( n = @ ) which received the recruitment materials normally provided to residents as well as to three historical halls separately and combined which had used the usual care recruitment materials in the past .", "the treatment hall percentage attendance was significantly superior ( @ < p < @ ) in all comparisons .", "the percentage attendance did not differ significantly from marketing literature expectations .", "the projections for campus-wide attendance for residence hall students were between @ and @ participants and for nationwide attendance , @,@ + / - @,@ .", "the results suggest that the smt and public health methods used are helpful in developing recruitment strategies and are an important initial step of the sam and that a `` minimal intervention '' recruitment strategy is a cost-effective approach that can have a dramatic impact ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study was a first initiative to evaluate the application of social marketing theory ( smt ) to increase attendance at an alcohol abuse education program for university residence hall students and to ascertain whether aggressive recruitment strategies are necessary as part of the stepped approach model ( sam ) of service delivery .', 'smt and public health strategies that include focus groups , in-depth interviews , and intercept interviews were used to develop recruitment materials in a test hall .', 'these new recruitment materials were introduced to the residents in the treatment hall ( n = @ ) and were compared to the usual care , control hall ( n = @ ) which received the recruitment materials normally provided to residents as well as to three historical halls separately and combined which had used the usual care recruitment materials in the past .', 'the treatment hall percentage attendance was significantly superior ( @ < p < @ ) in all comparisons .', 'the percentage attendance did not differ significantly from marketing literature expectations .', 'the projections for campus-wide attendance for residence hall students were between @ and @ participants and for nationwide attendance , @,@ + / - @,@ .', \"the results suggest that the smt and public health methods used are helpful in developing recruitment strategies and are an important initial step of the sam and that a `` minimal intervention '' recruitment strategy is a cost-effective approach that can have a dramatic impact .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "less parental monitoring of adolescents ' diabetes self-care and more family conflict are each associated with poorer diabetes outcomes .", "however , little is known about how these two family factors relate with one another in the context of self-care and glycemic control .", "diabetes self-care was evaluated as a mediator of the associations among parental monitoring , family conflict , and glycemic control in early adolescents with type @ diabetes .", "adolescent-parent dyads ( n = @ ) reported on the frequency of parental monitoring , family conflict , and diabetes self-care .", "hemoglobin a@c was abstracted from medical charts .", "structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis .", "a mediation model linking parental involvement and family conflict with a@c through diabetes self-care fit the data well .", "monitoring and conflict were inversely correlated ( = -@ , p < @ ) and each demonstrated indirect associations with a@c ( standardized indirect effects -@ and @ , respectively ) through their direct associations with self-care ( = @ , p < @ and = -@ , p < @ , respectively ) .", "conflict also was positively associated with higher a@c ( = @ , p < @ ) .", "elevated family conflict and less parental monitoring are risk factors for poorer glycemic control , and diabetes self-care is one mediator linking these variables .", "interventions to promote parental monitoring of diabetes management during early adolescence may benefit from emphasizing strategies to prevent or reduce family conflict ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"less parental monitoring of adolescents ' diabetes self-care and more family conflict are each associated with poorer diabetes outcomes .\", 'however , little is known about how these two family factors relate with one another in the context of self-care and glycemic control .', 'diabetes self-care was evaluated as a mediator of the associations among parental monitoring , family conflict , and glycemic control in early adolescents with type @ diabetes .', 'adolescent-parent dyads ( n = @ ) reported on the frequency of parental monitoring , family conflict , and diabetes self-care .', 'hemoglobin a@c was abstracted from medical charts .', 'structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis .', 'a mediation model linking parental involvement and family conflict with a@c through diabetes self-care fit the data well .', 'monitoring and conflict were inversely correlated ( = -@ , p < @ ) and each demonstrated indirect associations with a@c ( standardized indirect effects -@ and @ , respectively ) through their direct associations with self-care ( = @ , p < @ and = -@ , p < @ , respectively ) .', 'conflict also was positively associated with higher a@c ( = @ , p < @ ) .', 'elevated family conflict and less parental monitoring are risk factors for poorer glycemic control , and diabetes self-care is one mediator linking these variables .', 'interventions to promote parental monitoring of diabetes management during early adolescence may benefit from emphasizing strategies to prevent or reduce family conflict .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of a combined technique of physical and ibuprofen for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis with ibuprofen alone .", "@ subjects were randomly allocated to have @ weeks treatment either with ibuprofen ( n = @ ) or ibuprofen and a combined technique of physical therapy ( n = @ ) .", "outcome measures were carried out @ weeks and @ weeks after randomization .", "primary outcome measures were the success of treatment measured by improvement in the shoulder pain and disability index , and global rating .", "at @ weeks , @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the study group were considered to have had successful treatment compared with @ ( @ % ) of @ in the control group ( difference between groups @ % , @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups at the @th week follow-up .", "the results of this study support the use of physical therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the effectiveness of a combined technique of physical and ibuprofen for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis with ibuprofen alone .', '@ subjects were randomly allocated to have @ weeks treatment either with ibuprofen ( n = @ ) or ibuprofen and a combined technique of physical therapy ( n = @ ) .', 'outcome measures were carried out @ weeks and @ weeks after randomization .', 'primary outcome measures were the success of treatment measured by improvement in the shoulder pain and disability index , and global rating .', 'at @ weeks , @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the study group were considered to have had successful treatment compared with @ ( @ % ) of @ in the control group ( difference between groups @ % , @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) .', 'there was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups at the @th week follow-up .', 'the results of this study support the use of physical therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we found little data on long-term home blood pressure monitoring in stroke patients .", "after completing a @-month trial of home monitoring in hypertensive stroke patients , we investigated the following : @ .", "the proportion of @ control patients offered a monitor at the end of the trial without nurse support who used it at least monthly after @ months .", "@ .", "the proportion of @ intervention patients continuing to use their monitor monthly after @ months .", "@ .", "possible predictors of monitoring weekly in the first month after receiving a monitor : age , gender , ethnicity , cognition , anxiety , disability , ability to monitor blood pressure unaided and smoking .", "participants ( mean age @ , @ % with disability and @ % from ethnic minorities ) were surveyed @ and/or @ months after the trial ended by postal and/or telephone questionnaire .", "of @ potential participants , @ ( @ % ) declined , @ ( @ % ) were lost and @ ( @ % ) died during follow-up .", "overall , reported monthly use of the monitor without nurse support was @ % [ @/@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ] at @ months and @ % ( @/@ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) at @ months .", "participants who monitored weekly after @ month were more likely than the remainder to have no disability [ rankin score @ ; relative risk ( rr ) @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ] and low anxiety levels ( fear score = @ ; rr @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "around half of hypertensive stroke patients offered a blood pressure monitor but no support continued to use it after @ and @ months .", "monitoring in the first month was common in those who were not anxious or disabled ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we found little data on long-term home blood pressure monitoring in stroke patients .', 'after completing a @-month trial of home monitoring in hypertensive stroke patients , we investigated the following : @ .', 'the proportion of @ control patients offered a monitor at the end of the trial without nurse support who used it at least monthly after @ months .', '@ .', 'the proportion of @ intervention patients continuing to use their monitor monthly after @ months .', '@ .', 'possible predictors of monitoring weekly in the first month after receiving a monitor : age , gender , ethnicity , cognition , anxiety , disability , ability to monitor blood pressure unaided and smoking .', 'participants ( mean age @ , @ % with disability and @ % from ethnic minorities ) were surveyed @ and/or @ months after the trial ended by postal and/or telephone questionnaire .', 'of @ potential participants , @ ( @ % ) declined , @ ( @ % ) were lost and @ ( @ % ) died during follow-up .', 'overall , reported monthly use of the monitor without nurse support was @ % [ @/@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ] at @ months and @ % ( @/@ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) at @ months .', 'participants who monitored weekly after @ month were more likely than the remainder to have no disability [ rankin score @ ; relative risk ( rr ) @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ] and low anxiety levels ( fear score = @ ; rr @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ) .', 'around half of hypertensive stroke patients offered a blood pressure monitor but no support continued to use it after @ and @ months .', 'monitoring in the first month was common in those who were not anxious or disabled .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pain and potential adverse events ( ae ) remain challenges for patients being treated with calcium hydroxylapatite ( caha ; radiesse ) , especially caha not mixed with an anesthetic .", "the blunt cannula may provide more comfortable and lower risk delivery of caha for nasolabial folds ( nlf ) correction .", "this @-day pilot study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of standard needles with that of blunt cannulas for caha application .", "twenty patients with moderate to severe nlf received split-face injections of caha mixed with @ % lidocaine using a cannula for one nlf and needle for the other nlf .", "at day @ , patients evaluated pain ; the treating investigator evaluated changes in nlf depth .", "at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @days , the investigator evaluated aes and nlf correction .", "patients recorded aes in daily dairies .", "after initial treatment , patients experienced greater pain and displayed increased erythema and swelling in the needle-treated side .", "at days @ and @ , patients displayed greater instances of bruising , redness , and swelling in the needle-treated sides .", "at day @ , @ patients showed slightly better correction in the cannula-treated sides .", "the blunt cannula provided advantages in mitigation of pain and aes , with a degree of correction similar to needle .", "the addition of blunt cannulas to the clinical setting may be appropriate ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['pain and potential adverse events ( ae ) remain challenges for patients being treated with calcium hydroxylapatite ( caha ; radiesse ) , especially caha not mixed with an anesthetic .', 'the blunt cannula may provide more comfortable and lower risk delivery of caha for nasolabial folds ( nlf ) correction .', 'this @-day pilot study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of standard needles with that of blunt cannulas for caha application .', 'twenty patients with moderate to severe nlf received split-face injections of caha mixed with @ % lidocaine using a cannula for one nlf and needle for the other nlf .', 'at day @ , patients evaluated pain ; the treating investigator evaluated changes in nlf depth .', 'at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @days , the investigator evaluated aes and nlf correction .', 'patients recorded aes in daily dairies .', 'after initial treatment , patients experienced greater pain and displayed increased erythema and swelling in the needle-treated side .', 'at days @ and @ , patients displayed greater instances of bruising , redness , and swelling in the needle-treated sides .', 'at day @ , @ patients showed slightly better correction in the cannula-treated sides .', 'the blunt cannula provided advantages in mitigation of pain and aes , with a degree of correction similar to needle .', 'the addition of blunt cannulas to the clinical setting may be appropriate .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the clinical and endometrial efficacy and lipid response of two different doses of intrauterine levonorgestrel were assessed in comparison with sequential oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women receiving continuous oral e@-valerate .", "one-year prospective multicentre randomised control trial .", "four outpatient clinics in oulu , helsinki and jyvskyl , finland .", "a total of @ healthy volunteer postmenopausal women with climacteric complaints or already using hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) .", "subjects were randomly allocated to receive a new intrauterine system releasing @ microg of levonorgestrel daily or an established intrauterine system ( mirena ) releasing @ microg of levonorgestrel daily or sequential oral medroxyprogesterone acetate ( @mg/day , @/@ days ) .", "all three regimens were combined with an oral daily dose of @mg of e@-valerate .", "bleeding patterns were assessed by diaries kept by the subjects .", "endometrial effects were evaluated by histologic biopsies taken at the baseline and after six and @ months of therapy .", "serum concentrations of total , hdl and ldl cholesterol , triglycerides and lipoprotein ( a ) were determined at the baseline and after six and @ months of therapy .", "insertion of the smaller @ microg levonorgestrel system was easy in @ % and difficult in @ % and that of mirena was easy in @ % and difficult in @ % of the subjects .", "after six months of therapy , @ ( @ % ) of the @ subjects receiving @ microg levonorgestrel and @ ( @ % ) of the @ subjects receiving @ microg levonorgestrel had no bleeding , while the sequential medroxyprogesterone acetate regimen produced typical cyclic withdrawal bleedings .", "endometrial hyperplasia was not observed in any of the treatment groups during the @-month study .", "after @ months of therapy , strong endometrial suppression was found in @/@ and @/@ of the subjects receiving @ microg and @ microg of levonorgestrel , respectively , while the endometrium was proliferative in @/@ of the subjects in the medroxyprogesterone acetate group .", "serum total cholesterol decreased in all treatment groups .", "hdl cholesterol increased in women receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate or the smaller intrauterine dose of levonorgestrel .", "both intrauterine doses of levonorgestrel provided good endometrial protection in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy .", "the advantage of the @ microg system with a smaller size is the easier insertion of the system and a minimal attenuation of the favourable effects of oral oestrogen on the serum lipid profile ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the clinical and endometrial efficacy and lipid response of two different doses of intrauterine levonorgestrel were assessed in comparison with sequential oral medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women receiving continuous oral e@-valerate .', 'one-year prospective multicentre randomised control trial .', 'four outpatient clinics in oulu , helsinki and jyvskyl , finland .', 'a total of @ healthy volunteer postmenopausal women with climacteric complaints or already using hormone replacement therapy ( hrt ) .', 'subjects were randomly allocated to receive a new intrauterine system releasing @ microg of levonorgestrel daily or an established intrauterine system ( mirena ) releasing @ microg of levonorgestrel daily or sequential oral medroxyprogesterone acetate ( @mg/day , @/@ days ) .', 'all three regimens were combined with an oral daily dose of @mg of e@-valerate .', 'bleeding patterns were assessed by diaries kept by the subjects .', 'endometrial effects were evaluated by histologic biopsies taken at the baseline and after six and @ months of therapy .', 'serum concentrations of total , hdl and ldl cholesterol , triglycerides and lipoprotein ( a ) were determined at the baseline and after six and @ months of therapy .', 'insertion of the smaller @ microg levonorgestrel system was easy in @ % and difficult in @ % and that of mirena was easy in @ % and difficult in @ % of the subjects .', 'after six months of therapy , @ ( @ % ) of the @ subjects receiving @ microg levonorgestrel and @ ( @ % ) of the @ subjects receiving @ microg levonorgestrel had no bleeding , while the sequential medroxyprogesterone acetate regimen produced typical cyclic withdrawal bleedings .', 'endometrial hyperplasia was not observed in any of the treatment groups during the @-month study .', 'after @ months of therapy , strong endometrial suppression was found in @/@ and @/@ of the subjects receiving @ microg and @ microg of levonorgestrel , respectively , while the endometrium was proliferative in @/@ of the subjects in the medroxyprogesterone acetate group .', 'serum total cholesterol decreased in all treatment groups .', 'hdl cholesterol increased in women receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate or the smaller intrauterine dose of levonorgestrel .', 'both intrauterine doses of levonorgestrel provided good endometrial protection in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy .', 'the advantage of the @ microg system with a smaller size is the easier insertion of the system and a minimal attenuation of the favourable effects of oral oestrogen on the serum lipid profile .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine whether routine bowel preparation with laxatives and dietary restrictions ( liquid supper and fasting after midnight ) are necessary for satisfactory visualization of the urinary system during excretory urography in outpatients .", "two hundred and four consecutive patients who had excretory urography were randomly placed in one of four groups before the examination .", "eleven patients were excluded from the study for various reasons .", "the remaining @ were divided into four groups .", "groups @ ( @ patients ) and @ ( @ patients ) had bowel cleansing ; groups @ ( @ patients ) and @ ( @ patients ) did not .", "groups @ and @ were allowed to eat ; groups @ and @ were given a liquid supper and fasted beginning at midnight the night before the examination .", "standard radiographs and tomograms were obtained .", "upon completion of excretory urography , the radiographs were reviewed and graded by one radiologist , who did not know to which group each patient belonged .", "a detailed , anatomically based grading system was developed and used to grade the radiographs .", "the radiographs of the kidney were divided into upper , middle , and lower margins ; images of the calices were divided into upper , middle , and lower segments ; images of the renal pelvis were divided into central and medial margins ; images of the ureter were divided into upper abdominal , lower abdominal , upper pelvic , and lower pelvic categories ; and images of the bladder were divided into full and empty categories .", "a score of @ was given to each section visualized .", "the right and left sides of the urinary system were scored separately but added together for statistical analyses ; therefore , the highest total score possible was @ .", "in the ability to visualize the anatomic structures on excretory urograms , there was no statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) between images of patients who were allowed to eat ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) and images of patients who were given a liquid supper and then fasted from midnight the night before excretory urography was performed ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) .", "moreover , there was no statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) between those patients given laxatives before the examination ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) and those not given laxatives ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) .", "our results show that bowel preparation with laxatives and dietary restrictions do not improve visualization of the urinary tract on excretory urograms obtained in outpatients .", "we conclude that such preparation in this group of patients was unnecessary and that it need not be performed routinely ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to determine whether routine bowel preparation with laxatives and dietary restrictions ( liquid supper and fasting after midnight ) are necessary for satisfactory visualization of the urinary system during excretory urography in outpatients .', 'two hundred and four consecutive patients who had excretory urography were randomly placed in one of four groups before the examination .', 'eleven patients were excluded from the study for various reasons .', 'the remaining @ were divided into four groups .', 'groups @ ( @ patients ) and @ ( @ patients ) had bowel cleansing ; groups @ ( @ patients ) and @ ( @ patients ) did not .', 'groups @ and @ were allowed to eat ; groups @ and @ were given a liquid supper and fasted beginning at midnight the night before the examination .', 'standard radiographs and tomograms were obtained .', 'upon completion of excretory urography , the radiographs were reviewed and graded by one radiologist , who did not know to which group each patient belonged .', 'a detailed , anatomically based grading system was developed and used to grade the radiographs .', 'the radiographs of the kidney were divided into upper , middle , and lower margins ; images of the calices were divided into upper , middle , and lower segments ; images of the renal pelvis were divided into central and medial margins ; images of the ureter were divided into upper abdominal , lower abdominal , upper pelvic , and lower pelvic categories ; and images of the bladder were divided into full and empty categories .', 'a score of @ was given to each section visualized .', 'the right and left sides of the urinary system were scored separately but added together for statistical analyses ; therefore , the highest total score possible was @ .', 'in the ability to visualize the anatomic structures on excretory urograms , there was no statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) between images of patients who were allowed to eat ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) and images of patients who were given a liquid supper and then fasted from midnight the night before excretory urography was performed ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) .', 'moreover , there was no statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) between those patients given laxatives before the examination ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) and those not given laxatives ( groups @ and @ , @ patients , mean score = @ + / - @ ) .', 'our results show that bowel preparation with laxatives and dietary restrictions do not improve visualization of the urinary tract on excretory urograms obtained in outpatients .', 'we conclude that such preparation in this group of patients was unnecessary and that it need not be performed routinely .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a trabeculectomy is frequently combined with extracapsular cataract surgery to minimize the risks of further optic nerve damage associated with intraocular pressure ( iop ) elevations after cataract surgery in eyes with glaucoma .", "acute iop elevations still occur after this combined surgery .", "the author evaluated the efficacy of @ % topical apraclonidine , a relatively selective alpha @ agonist , in minimizing this complication .", "a prospective , randomized , double-masked study compared topical @ % apraclonidine with placebo .", "all eyes underwent otherwise uncomplicated combined trabeculectomy and extracapsular cataract surgery .", "they received the appropriate study drug before , immediately after , and @ hours after surgery .", "intraocular pressures were measured @ hours and @ , @ , and @ weeks after surgery .", "one hundred nine eyes ( of @ patients ) underwent combined surgery .", "fifty-nine received placebo .", "preoperative mean iops were @ + / - @ mmhg for eyes treated with placebo and @ + / - @ mmhg for eyes treated with apraclonidine .", "twenty-four hours after surgery , mean iops were @ + / - @ mmhg for placebo-treated eyes and @ + / - @ mmhg for apraclonidine-treated eyes ( p < @ ) .", "twenty-four hours after surgery , @ ( @ % ) placebo-treated eyes and @ ( @ % ) apraclonidine-treated eye had iops greater than @ mmhg ( p < @ ) .", "apraclonidine effectively decreased large iop elevations in glaucomatous eyes undergoing trabeculectomy combined with extracapsular cataract surgery ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a trabeculectomy is frequently combined with extracapsular cataract surgery to minimize the risks of further optic nerve damage associated with intraocular pressure ( iop ) elevations after cataract surgery in eyes with glaucoma .', 'acute iop elevations still occur after this combined surgery .', 'the author evaluated the efficacy of @ % topical apraclonidine , a relatively selective alpha @ agonist , in minimizing this complication .', 'a prospective , randomized , double-masked study compared topical @ % apraclonidine with placebo .', 'all eyes underwent otherwise uncomplicated combined trabeculectomy and extracapsular cataract surgery .', 'they received the appropriate study drug before , immediately after , and @ hours after surgery .', 'intraocular pressures were measured @ hours and @ , @ , and @ weeks after surgery .', 'one hundred nine eyes ( of @ patients ) underwent combined surgery .', 'fifty-nine received placebo .', 'preoperative mean iops were @ + / - @ mmhg for eyes treated with placebo and @ + / - @ mmhg for eyes treated with apraclonidine .', 'twenty-four hours after surgery , mean iops were @ + / - @ mmhg for placebo-treated eyes and @ + / - @ mmhg for apraclonidine-treated eyes ( p < @ ) .', 'twenty-four hours after surgery , @ ( @ % ) placebo-treated eyes and @ ( @ % ) apraclonidine-treated eye had iops greater than @ mmhg ( p < @ ) .', 'apraclonidine effectively decreased large iop elevations in glaucomatous eyes undergoing trabeculectomy combined with extracapsular cataract surgery .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the pathophysiology of sensitive skin consists of an inflammatory reaction resulting from the abnormal penetration in the skin of potentially irritating substances , which occurs due to skin barrier dysfunction and changes in the production of local neuromediators .", "the therapeutic potential of l-carnosine and rhodiola rosea , as antioxidant and neuromodulatory , respectively , leads us to investigate the effects of the r. rosea extract/l-carnosine-associated compound ( rcac ) on sensitive skin alterations .", "a double-blind comparative study was conducted on @ volunteers with sensitive skin , who were selected by their reactivity to stinging test .", "two randomized groups of @ each received either a formulation containing @ % of rcac or placebo , which was applied twice a day for @ consecutive days .", "one perceptibility questionnaire was applied at the onset and at the end of the treatment to evaluate the subjective response to test product .", "additionally , in vitro studies were performed to investigate rcac neuroimmunomodulatory mechanisms .", "rcac treatment produced in vivo protective effects in skin barrier function and a positive subjective response of sensitive skin volunteers .", "in vitro treatment promoted the release of proopiomelanocortin peptides and restored to normal the increased levels of neuropeptides and cytokines produced by keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet radiation .", "clinical effectiveness was measured by reduction of transepidermal water loss , positive perceptions of improvements in skin dryness and skin comfort sensation , and reduction of discomfort sensation after stinging test .", "the protective effect of rcac in skin barrier function and the positive response produced in human subjects with sensitive skin could be partially explained by our in vitro results showing a significant increase in opioid peptides release , an inhibitory effect on neuropeptides production , and modulation of cytokines production by keratinocytes under ultraviolet stress ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the pathophysiology of sensitive skin consists of an inflammatory reaction resulting from the abnormal penetration in the skin of potentially irritating substances , which occurs due to skin barrier dysfunction and changes in the production of local neuromediators .', 'the therapeutic potential of l-carnosine and rhodiola rosea , as antioxidant and neuromodulatory , respectively , leads us to investigate the effects of the r. rosea extract/l-carnosine-associated compound ( rcac ) on sensitive skin alterations .', 'a double-blind comparative study was conducted on @ volunteers with sensitive skin , who were selected by their reactivity to stinging test .', 'two randomized groups of @ each received either a formulation containing @ % of rcac or placebo , which was applied twice a day for @ consecutive days .', 'one perceptibility questionnaire was applied at the onset and at the end of the treatment to evaluate the subjective response to test product .', 'additionally , in vitro studies were performed to investigate rcac neuroimmunomodulatory mechanisms .', 'rcac treatment produced in vivo protective effects in skin barrier function and a positive subjective response of sensitive skin volunteers .', 'in vitro treatment promoted the release of proopiomelanocortin peptides and restored to normal the increased levels of neuropeptides and cytokines produced by keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet radiation .', 'clinical effectiveness was measured by reduction of transepidermal water loss , positive perceptions of improvements in skin dryness and skin comfort sensation , and reduction of discomfort sensation after stinging test .', 'the protective effect of rcac in skin barrier function and the positive response produced in human subjects with sensitive skin could be partially explained by our in vitro results showing a significant increase in opioid peptides release , an inhibitory effect on neuropeptides production , and modulation of cytokines production by keratinocytes under ultraviolet stress .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the combined prophylactic strategy of sodium bicarbonate plus n-acetylsyteine ( nac ) seems to be effective in preventing contrast induced acute kidney injury ( ci-aki ) in patients at low-to-medium risk .", "however , in patients at high and very high risk the rate of ci-aki is still high .", "in this subset of patients the anticipated advantages of the renalguard ( tm ) system should be investigated .", "the renalguard ( tm ) system ( plc medical systems , inc. , franklin , ma , usa ) is a real-time measurement and real time matched fluid replacement device designed to accommodate the renalguard therapy , which is based on the theory that creating and maintaining a high urine output is beneficial by allowing a quick elimination of contrast media , and , therefore , reducing its toxic effects .", "the remedial ii trial is a randomised , multicentre , investigator-sponsored trial addressing the hypothesis that the renalguard system is superior to the prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate infusion plus nac in preventing ci-aki in high and very high risk patients .", "consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and at high to very high risk for ci-aki , referred to our institutions for coronary and/or peripheral procedures , will be randomly assigned to @ ) prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate plus nac ( control group ) and @ ) renalguard system treatment ( renalguard group ) .", "all enrolled patients must have an estimated glomerular filtration rate @ ml/min/@ @ m@ and/or a contrast nephropathy risk score @ .", "in all cases iodixanol ( an iso-osmolar , non-ionic contrast agent ) will be administered .", "the primary endpoint is an increase of @ mg/dl in the serum creatinine concentration @ hours after the procedure .", "the remedial ii trial will give important answers on how to prevent ci-aki in high and very high risk patients undergoing contrast media exposure ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the combined prophylactic strategy of sodium bicarbonate plus n-acetylsyteine ( nac ) seems to be effective in preventing contrast induced acute kidney injury ( ci-aki ) in patients at low-to-medium risk .', 'however , in patients at high and very high risk the rate of ci-aki is still high .', 'in this subset of patients the anticipated advantages of the renalguard ( tm ) system should be investigated .', 'the renalguard ( tm ) system ( plc medical systems , inc. , franklin , ma , usa ) is a real-time measurement and real time matched fluid replacement device designed to accommodate the renalguard therapy , which is based on the theory that creating and maintaining a high urine output is beneficial by allowing a quick elimination of contrast media , and , therefore , reducing its toxic effects .', 'the remedial ii trial is a randomised , multicentre , investigator-sponsored trial addressing the hypothesis that the renalguard system is superior to the prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate infusion plus nac in preventing ci-aki in high and very high risk patients .', 'consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and at high to very high risk for ci-aki , referred to our institutions for coronary and/or peripheral procedures , will be randomly assigned to @ ) prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate plus nac ( control group ) and @ ) renalguard system treatment ( renalguard group ) .', 'all enrolled patients must have an estimated glomerular filtration rate @ ml/min/@ @ m@ and/or a contrast nephropathy risk score @ .', 'in all cases iodixanol ( an iso-osmolar , non-ionic contrast agent ) will be administered .', 'the primary endpoint is an increase of @ mg/dl in the serum creatinine concentration @ hours after the procedure .', 'the remedial ii trial will give important answers on how to prevent ci-aki in high and very high risk patients undergoing contrast media exposure .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "alpha-mannosidosis ( omim @ ) is a rare lysosomal storage disease ( lsd ) caused by alpha-mannosidase deficiency .", "manifestations include intellectual disabilities , facial characteristics and hearing impairment .", "a recombinant human alpha-mannosidase ( rhlaman ) has been developed for weekly intravenous enzyme replacement therapy ( ert ) .", "we present the preliminary data after @ months of treatment .", "this is a phase i-ii study to evaluate safety and efficacy of rhlaman .", "ten patients ( @-@ y ) were treated .", "we investigated efficacy by testing motor function ( @-minutes-walk-test ( @-mwt ) , @-min-stair-climb-test ( @-msct ) , the bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency ( bot@ ) , cognitive function ( leiter-r ) , oligosaccharides in serum , urine and csf and tau - and gfa-protein in csf .", "oligosaccharides : s - , u - and csf-oligosaccharides decreased @ % ( ci -@ -@ , p < @ ) , @ % ( ci -@ - -@ , p < @,@ ) , and @ % ( ci -@ - -@ , p < @ ) , respectively .", "biomarkers : csf-tau - and gfa-protein decreased @ % , p < @ ) and @ , p < @ respectively .", "motor function : improvements in @msct ( @ steps ( ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) and in @mwt ( @ m ( ci -@ -@ , ns ) were achieved .", "cognitive function : improvement in the total equivalence age of @ months ( @ ) was achieved in the leiter r test ( ci -@ -@ , ns ) .", "these data suggest that rhlaman may be an encouraging new treatment for patients with alpha-mannosidosis .", "the study is designed to continue for a total of @ months .", "longer-term follow-up of patients in this study and the future placebo-controlled phase @ trial are needed to provide greater support for the findings in this study ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['alpha-mannosidosis ( omim @ ) is a rare lysosomal storage disease ( lsd ) caused by alpha-mannosidase deficiency .', 'manifestations include intellectual disabilities , facial characteristics and hearing impairment .', 'a recombinant human alpha-mannosidase ( rhlaman ) has been developed for weekly intravenous enzyme replacement therapy ( ert ) .', 'we present the preliminary data after @ months of treatment .', 'this is a phase i-ii study to evaluate safety and efficacy of rhlaman .', 'ten patients ( @-@ y ) were treated .', 'we investigated efficacy by testing motor function ( @-minutes-walk-test ( @-mwt ) , @-min-stair-climb-test ( @-msct ) , the bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency ( bot@ ) , cognitive function ( leiter-r ) , oligosaccharides in serum , urine and csf and tau - and gfa-protein in csf .', 'oligosaccharides : s - , u - and csf-oligosaccharides decreased @ % ( ci -@ -@ , p < @ ) , @ % ( ci -@ - -@ , p < @,@ ) , and @ % ( ci -@ - -@ , p < @ ) , respectively .', 'biomarkers : csf-tau - and gfa-protein decreased @ % , p < @ ) and @ , p < @ respectively .', 'motor function : improvements in @msct ( @ steps ( ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) and in @mwt ( @ m ( ci -@ -@ , ns ) were achieved .', 'cognitive function : improvement in the total equivalence age of @ months ( @ ) was achieved in the leiter r test ( ci -@ -@ , ns ) .', 'these data suggest that rhlaman may be an encouraging new treatment for patients with alpha-mannosidosis .', 'the study is designed to continue for a total of @ months .', 'longer-term follow-up of patients in this study and the future placebo-controlled phase @ trial are needed to provide greater support for the findings in this study .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in reducing the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis ( nec ) in very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants .", "a prospective , masked , randomized control trial was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of probiotics in reducing the incidence and severity of nec among vlbw ( < @ g ) infants .", "vlbw infants who started to fed enterally and survived beyond the seventh day after birth were eligible for the trial .", "they were randomized into @ groups after parental informed consents were obtained .", "the infants in the study group were fed with infloran ( lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium infantis ) with breast milk twice daily until discharged .", "infants in the control group were fed with breast milk alone .", "the clinicians caring for the infants were blinded to the group assignment .", "the primary outcome was death or nec ( > or = stage @ ) .", "three hundred sixty-seven infants were enrolled : @ in the study group and @ in the control group .", "the demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups .", "the incidence of death or nec ( > or = stage @ ) was significantly lower in the study group ( @ of @ vs @ of @ ) .", "the incidence of nec ( > or = stage @ ) was also significantly lower in the study when compared with the control group ( @ of @ vs @ of @ ) .", "there were @ cases of severe nec ( bell stage @ ) in the control group and none in the study group .", "none of the positive blood culture grew lactobacillus or bifidobacterium species .", "infloran as probiotics fed enterally with breast milk reduces the incidence and severity of nec in vlbw infants ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in reducing the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis ( nec ) in very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants .', 'a prospective , masked , randomized control trial was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of probiotics in reducing the incidence and severity of nec among vlbw ( < @ g ) infants .', 'vlbw infants who started to fed enterally and survived beyond the seventh day after birth were eligible for the trial .', 'they were randomized into @ groups after parental informed consents were obtained .', 'the infants in the study group were fed with infloran ( lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium infantis ) with breast milk twice daily until discharged .', 'infants in the control group were fed with breast milk alone .', 'the clinicians caring for the infants were blinded to the group assignment .', 'the primary outcome was death or nec ( > or = stage @ ) .', 'three hundred sixty-seven infants were enrolled : @ in the study group and @ in the control group .', 'the demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups .', 'the incidence of death or nec ( > or = stage @ ) was significantly lower in the study group ( @ of @ vs @ of @ ) .', 'the incidence of nec ( > or = stage @ ) was also significantly lower in the study when compared with the control group ( @ of @ vs @ of @ ) .', 'there were @ cases of severe nec ( bell stage @ ) in the control group and none in the study group .', 'none of the positive blood culture grew lactobacillus or bifidobacterium species .', 'infloran as probiotics fed enterally with breast milk reduces the incidence and severity of nec in vlbw infants .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "blood-flow-restricted ( bfr ) exercise is an emerging type of exercise that may be particularly beneficial to elderly or special populations .", "these populations may also benefit from reductions in blood pressure ( bp ) .", "the effect of bfr exercise on postexercise bp has not been examined ; this should first be examined in a young , healthy population as a preliminary investigation .", "the main purpose of this study was to determine whether postexercise hypotension ( peh ) occurred following low-intensity [ @ % @ repetition maximum ( @-rm ) ] bfr resistance exercise .", "a secondary purpose was to compare this response to both a work-matched low-intensity ( @ % @-rm ) ( li ) and a traditional high-intensity ( @ % @-rm ) resistance exercise bout ( hi ) .", "in a randomized cross-over design , ten normotensive , young ( @-@ years ) men performed one of the three lower-body resistance exercise bouts ( hi , li or low-intensity bfr ) during separate visits to the laboratory .", "brachial bp , cardiac ultrasound and calf blood flow measurements were taken prior to and @ and @ min following exercise .", "repeated measures analysis of variance ( @ @ ; condition time ) was performed on all variables .", "a significant interaction ( p < @ ) was found for brachial systolic blood pressure which decreased following hi only .", "significant interactions ( p < @ ) were also seen for heart rate , total peripheral resistance and calf vascular resistance .", "postexercise hypotension occurred only following hi .", "thus , if one is exercising with the intent of lowering bp , hi resistance exercise may be more useful than low-intensity bfr resistance exercise ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['blood-flow-restricted ( bfr ) exercise is an emerging type of exercise that may be particularly beneficial to elderly or special populations .', 'these populations may also benefit from reductions in blood pressure ( bp ) .', 'the effect of bfr exercise on postexercise bp has not been examined ; this should first be examined in a young , healthy population as a preliminary investigation .', 'the main purpose of this study was to determine whether postexercise hypotension ( peh ) occurred following low-intensity [ @ % @ repetition maximum ( @-rm ) ] bfr resistance exercise .', 'a secondary purpose was to compare this response to both a work-matched low-intensity ( @ % @-rm ) ( li ) and a traditional high-intensity ( @ % @-rm ) resistance exercise bout ( hi ) .', 'in a randomized cross-over design , ten normotensive , young ( @-@ years ) men performed one of the three lower-body resistance exercise bouts ( hi , li or low-intensity bfr ) during separate visits to the laboratory .', 'brachial bp , cardiac ultrasound and calf blood flow measurements were taken prior to and @ and @ min following exercise .', 'repeated measures analysis of variance ( @ @ ; condition time ) was performed on all variables .', 'a significant interaction ( p < @ ) was found for brachial systolic blood pressure which decreased following hi only .', 'significant interactions ( p < @ ) were also seen for heart rate , total peripheral resistance and calf vascular resistance .', 'postexercise hypotension occurred only following hi .', 'thus , if one is exercising with the intent of lowering bp , hi resistance exercise may be more useful than low-intensity bfr resistance exercise .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether mefloquine , a quinoline antimalarial drug , affects psychomotor and actual driving performance when given in prophylactic regimen , alone or in combination with alcohol .", "forty male and female volunteers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two groups , and were treated double-blind for one month with mefloquine and placebo .", "the medication was taken in a @ mg dose on the evenings of days @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ .", "testing was done on days @ , @ and @ , the latter after repeated doses of alcohol sufficient to sustain a blood concentration of about @ mg.ml-@ .", "two real driving tests were used to measure prolonged ( @ h ) road tracking and car following performance .", "critical flicker/fusion frequency ( cff ) , critical instability tracking and body sway were also measured in the laboratory .", "mefloquine caused no significant impairment in any test at any time relative to placebo .", "it significantly improved road tracking performance on day @ .", "a significant interaction between prior treatment and alcohol was found in the body sway test , as the alcohol-induced change was less after mefloquine than placebo .", "the sensitivity of the driving test and the cff test were shown by the significant overall effect of alcohol which did not discriminate between the two prior treatments .", "mefloquine did not impair driving performance but rather improved it in the longer test , suggesting that the drug may possess psychostimulating properties ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine whether mefloquine , a quinoline antimalarial drug , affects psychomotor and actual driving performance when given in prophylactic regimen , alone or in combination with alcohol .', 'forty male and female volunteers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two groups , and were treated double-blind for one month with mefloquine and placebo .', 'the medication was taken in a @ mg dose on the evenings of days @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ .', 'testing was done on days @ , @ and @ , the latter after repeated doses of alcohol sufficient to sustain a blood concentration of about @ mg.ml-@ .', 'two real driving tests were used to measure prolonged ( @ h ) road tracking and car following performance .', 'critical flicker/fusion frequency ( cff ) , critical instability tracking and body sway were also measured in the laboratory .', 'mefloquine caused no significant impairment in any test at any time relative to placebo .', 'it significantly improved road tracking performance on day @ .', 'a significant interaction between prior treatment and alcohol was found in the body sway test , as the alcohol-induced change was less after mefloquine than placebo .', 'the sensitivity of the driving test and the cff test were shown by the significant overall effect of alcohol which did not discriminate between the two prior treatments .', 'mefloquine did not impair driving performance but rather improved it in the longer test , suggesting that the drug may possess psychostimulating properties .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the influence of conditioning cutaneous nociceptive inputs by a new `` pinch '' model on the jaw-stretch reflex and the exteroceptive suppression periods ( es@ and es@ ) in jaw muscles .", "the jaw-stretch reflex was evoked with the use of a custom-made muscle stretcher and electrical stimuli were used to evoke an early and late exteroceptive suppression period ( es@ and es@ ) in the jaw-closing muscles .", "electromyographic ( emg ) activity was recorded bilaterally from the masseter and temporalis muscles .", "these brainstem reflexes were recorded in @ healthy men ( @ + / -@ years ) during three different conditions : one painful clip applied to the earlobe ; one painful clip applied to the nostril , and four painful clips applied simultaneously to the earlobe , nostril , eyebrow , and lower lip .", "pain intensity induced by the application of the clips was scored continuously by the subjects on a @mm visual analogue scale ( vas ) .", "the highest vas pain scores were evoked by placement of four clips ( @ + / -@ mm ) .", "there was no significant modulation of the jaw-stretch reflex ( anovas : p = @ ) , the es@ ( p = @ ) or es@ ( p = @ ) in any of the three painful conditions .", "intense and tonic cutaneous pain could be elicited by this new `` pinch '' pain model ; however , there was no significant modulation on either excitatory or inhibitory brainstem reflex responses .", "the novel observation that high-intensity pinch stimuli applied to the craniofacial region fail to modulate two different brainstem reflexes is in contrast to other experimental pain studies documented facilitation of the jaw-stretch reflexes or inhibition of exteroceptive suppression periods .", "the clinical implication of the present findings is that only some craniofacial pain conditions could be expected to show perturbation of the brainstem reflex responses ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"to investigate the influence of conditioning cutaneous nociceptive inputs by a new `` pinch '' model on the jaw-stretch reflex and the exteroceptive suppression periods ( es@ and es@ ) in jaw muscles .\", 'the jaw-stretch reflex was evoked with the use of a custom-made muscle stretcher and electrical stimuli were used to evoke an early and late exteroceptive suppression period ( es@ and es@ ) in the jaw-closing muscles .', 'electromyographic ( emg ) activity was recorded bilaterally from the masseter and temporalis muscles .', 'these brainstem reflexes were recorded in @ healthy men ( @ + / -@ years ) during three different conditions : one painful clip applied to the earlobe ; one painful clip applied to the nostril , and four painful clips applied simultaneously to the earlobe , nostril , eyebrow , and lower lip .', 'pain intensity induced by the application of the clips was scored continuously by the subjects on a @mm visual analogue scale ( vas ) .', 'the highest vas pain scores were evoked by placement of four clips ( @ + / -@ mm ) .', 'there was no significant modulation of the jaw-stretch reflex ( anovas : p = @ ) , the es@ ( p = @ ) or es@ ( p = @ ) in any of the three painful conditions .', \"intense and tonic cutaneous pain could be elicited by this new `` pinch '' pain model ; however , there was no significant modulation on either excitatory or inhibitory brainstem reflex responses .\", 'the novel observation that high-intensity pinch stimuli applied to the craniofacial region fail to modulate two different brainstem reflexes is in contrast to other experimental pain studies documented facilitation of the jaw-stretch reflexes or inhibition of exteroceptive suppression periods .', 'the clinical implication of the present findings is that only some craniofacial pain conditions could be expected to show perturbation of the brainstem reflex responses .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the palliative medicine unit at university hospital of trondheim , norway , started an intervention programme that aims to enable patients to spend more time at home and die there if they prefer .", "close cooperation was needed with the community health-care professionals , who acted as the principal formal caregivers , and a multidisciplinary consultant team coordinated the care .", "we did a cluster randomised trial to assess the intervention 's effectiveness compared with conventional care", "community health-care districts in and around trondheim , norway , were defined as the clusters to be randomised .", "we enrolled @ patients ( @ assigned intervention and @ conventional care [ controls ] ) in these districts who had incurable malignant disease and an expected survival of @-@ months .", "main outcomes were place of death and time spent in institutions in the last month of life .", "@ patients died .", "of these , more intervention patients than controls died at home ( @ [ @ % ] vs @ [ @ % ] , p < @ ) .", "the time spent at home was not significantly increased , although intervention patients spent a smaller proportion of time in nursing homes in the last month of life than did controls ( @ vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "hospital use was similar in the two groups .", "the palliative-care intervention enabled more patients to die at home .", "more resources for care in the home ( palliative care training and staff ) and an increased focus on use of nursing homes would be necessary , however , to increase time at home and reduce hospital admissions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the palliative medicine unit at university hospital of trondheim , norway , started an intervention programme that aims to enable patients to spend more time at home and die there if they prefer .', 'close cooperation was needed with the community health-care professionals , who acted as the principal formal caregivers , and a multidisciplinary consultant team coordinated the care .', \"we did a cluster randomised trial to assess the intervention 's effectiveness compared with conventional care\", 'community health-care districts in and around trondheim , norway , were defined as the clusters to be randomised .', 'we enrolled @ patients ( @ assigned intervention and @ conventional care [ controls ] ) in these districts who had incurable malignant disease and an expected survival of @-@ months .', 'main outcomes were place of death and time spent in institutions in the last month of life .', '@ patients died .', 'of these , more intervention patients than controls died at home ( @ [ @ % ] vs @ [ @ % ] , p < @ ) .', 'the time spent at home was not significantly increased , although intervention patients spent a smaller proportion of time in nursing homes in the last month of life than did controls ( @ vs @ % , p < @ ) .', 'hospital use was similar in the two groups .', 'the palliative-care intervention enabled more patients to die at home .', 'more resources for care in the home ( palliative care training and staff ) and an increased focus on use of nursing homes would be necessary , however , to increase time at home and reduce hospital admissions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "shoulder pain is a common complaint in primary health care and has an unfavourable outcome in many patients .", "the objectives were to identify predictors for pain and disability ( spadi ) and work status in patients with subacromial shoulder pain .", "secondary analyses of data from a randomized clinical controlled trial were performed .", "outcome measures were the absolute values of the combined shoulder pain and disability index ( spadi ) and work status @ year after treatment with supervised exercises ( se ) or radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy ( reswt ) .", "predictors of outcome were investigated using multiple linear regression ( spadi ) and logistic regression ( work status ) .", "@ patients were included .", "low education ( @ years ) , previous shoulder pain , and a high baseline spadi score predicted poor results with these variables explaining @ % of the variance in spadi score at @ year .", "low education and poor self-reported health status predicted a work status of `` not working '' : odds ratio , or = @ ( @ % ci ( @ to @ ) ) , p = @ for education , and or = @ ( @ % ci ( @ to @ ) ) , p = @ for self-reported health status , respectively .", "adjustments for age , gender , and treatment group were performed , but did not change the results .", "education was the most consistent predictor of pain and disability , and work status at @ year follow-up .", "also , baseline spadi score , previous shoulder pain and self-reported health status predicted outcome .", "clinical trials nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['shoulder pain is a common complaint in primary health care and has an unfavourable outcome in many patients .', 'the objectives were to identify predictors for pain and disability ( spadi ) and work status in patients with subacromial shoulder pain .', 'secondary analyses of data from a randomized clinical controlled trial were performed .', 'outcome measures were the absolute values of the combined shoulder pain and disability index ( spadi ) and work status @ year after treatment with supervised exercises ( se ) or radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy ( reswt ) .', 'predictors of outcome were investigated using multiple linear regression ( spadi ) and logistic regression ( work status ) .', '@ patients were included .', 'low education ( @ years ) , previous shoulder pain , and a high baseline spadi score predicted poor results with these variables explaining @ % of the variance in spadi score at @ year .', \"low education and poor self-reported health status predicted a work status of `` not working '' : odds ratio , or = @ ( @ % ci ( @ to @ ) ) , p = @ for education , and or = @ ( @ % ci ( @ to @ ) ) , p = @ for self-reported health status , respectively .\", 'adjustments for age , gender , and treatment group were performed , but did not change the results .', 'education was the most consistent predictor of pain and disability , and work status at @ year follow-up .', 'also , baseline spadi score , previous shoulder pain and self-reported health status predicted outcome .', 'clinical trials nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "general anesthesia ( ga ) and brachial plexus block have been used successfully for surgery on the upper extremities .", "controversy exists as to which method is more suitable in outpatients undergoing hand and wrist surgery .", "the authors hypothesized that infraclavicular brachial plexus block ( inb ) performed with a short-acting local anesthetic would result in shorter time to discharge home as compared with `` fast-track '' ga. .", "after obtaining written informed consent , @ patients ( aged @-@ yr , american society of anesthesiologists physical status i-iii ) were randomly assigned to receive either an inb or ga under standardized protocols ( inb = @ % @-chloroprocaine + hco@ + epinephrine @:@ , followed by propofol sedation ; ga = @ mg dolasetron , propofol induction , followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion and desflurane for maintenance ; @ % bupivacaine for wound infiltration ) .", "at the conclusion of the procedure , nurses blinded to the study goals and the anesthetic technique used a modified aldrete score to decide whether patients could bypass the postanesthesia care unit .", "additional data were collected regarding time to postoperative pain , ambulation , home readiness , and incidence of adverse events .", "more patients in the inb group ( @ % ) met the criteria to bypass the postanesthesia care unit compared with patients in the ga group ( @ % ; p < @ ) .", "compared with patients in the ga group , fewer patients in the inb group had pain ( visual analog scale score > @ ) on arrival to the postanesthesia care unit ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) .", "none of the patients in the inb group requested treatment for pain while in the hospital , compared with @ % of patients in the ga group ( p < @ ) .", "patients in the inb group were able to ambulate earlier ( @ + / - @ min ) compared with those in the ga group ( @ + / - @ min ; p < @ ) .", "time to home readiness and discharge times were shorter for patients in the inb group ( @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ min ) compared with those in the ga group ( @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ min ; p < @ ) .", "adverse events ( e.g. , nausea , vomiting , sore throat ) occurred less frequently in patients undergoing inb as compared with those undergoing ga. .", "infraclavicular brachial plexus block with a short-acting local anesthetic was associated with time-efficient anesthesia , faster recovery , fewer adverse events , better analgesia , and greater patient acceptance than ga followed by wound infiltration with a local anesthetic in outpatients undergoing hand and wrist surgery ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['general anesthesia ( ga ) and brachial plexus block have been used successfully for surgery on the upper extremities .', 'controversy exists as to which method is more suitable in outpatients undergoing hand and wrist surgery .', \"the authors hypothesized that infraclavicular brachial plexus block ( inb ) performed with a short-acting local anesthetic would result in shorter time to discharge home as compared with `` fast-track '' ga. .\", 'after obtaining written informed consent , @ patients ( aged @-@ yr , american society of anesthesiologists physical status i-iii ) were randomly assigned to receive either an inb or ga under standardized protocols ( inb = @ % @-chloroprocaine + hco@ + epinephrine @:@ , followed by propofol sedation ; ga = @ mg dolasetron , propofol induction , followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion and desflurane for maintenance ; @ % bupivacaine for wound infiltration ) .', 'at the conclusion of the procedure , nurses blinded to the study goals and the anesthetic technique used a modified aldrete score to decide whether patients could bypass the postanesthesia care unit .', 'additional data were collected regarding time to postoperative pain , ambulation , home readiness , and incidence of adverse events .', 'more patients in the inb group ( @ % ) met the criteria to bypass the postanesthesia care unit compared with patients in the ga group ( @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'compared with patients in the ga group , fewer patients in the inb group had pain ( visual analog scale score > @ ) on arrival to the postanesthesia care unit ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'none of the patients in the inb group requested treatment for pain while in the hospital , compared with @ % of patients in the ga group ( p < @ ) .', 'patients in the inb group were able to ambulate earlier ( @ + / - @ min ) compared with those in the ga group ( @ + / - @ min ; p < @ ) .', 'time to home readiness and discharge times were shorter for patients in the inb group ( @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ min ) compared with those in the ga group ( @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ min ; p < @ ) .', 'adverse events ( e.g. , nausea , vomiting , sore throat ) occurred less frequently in patients undergoing inb as compared with those undergoing ga. .', 'infraclavicular brachial plexus block with a short-acting local anesthetic was associated with time-efficient anesthesia , faster recovery , fewer adverse events , better analgesia , and greater patient acceptance than ga followed by wound infiltration with a local anesthetic in outpatients undergoing hand and wrist surgery .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "one of the important reasons for male infertility is asthenozoospermia , for which there is no specific cure for the time being .", "the authors explored the clinical effect of l-carnitine for infertile males with asthenozoospermia .", "a total of @ patients with asthenozoospermia were randomly divided into groups a ( n = @ ) and b ( n = @ ) , the former treated with l-carnitine ( @ g/d ) and vitamin e , while the latter with vitamin e only , both for @ months .", "all the patients received semen analyses before and after the treatment , and were observed for adverse effects .", "the pregnancy rates of their wives were recorded .", "group a showed a significantly increased percentage of forward motile sperm after the treatment ( @ % + / - @ % ) as compared with pretreatment ( @ % + / - @ % ) ( p < @ ) , but no statistically significant differences were found in sperm density and the percentage of the sperm of normal morphology ( p > @ ) .", "the rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in group a ( @ % ) than in b ( @ % ) after the treatment ( p < @ ) .", "no adverse events were found during the treatment .", "l-carnitine , capable of significantly improving sperm motility and raising the rate of pregnancy , is a safe and effective therapeutic option for asthenozoospermia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['one of the important reasons for male infertility is asthenozoospermia , for which there is no specific cure for the time being .', 'the authors explored the clinical effect of l-carnitine for infertile males with asthenozoospermia .', 'a total of @ patients with asthenozoospermia were randomly divided into groups a ( n = @ ) and b ( n = @ ) , the former treated with l-carnitine ( @ g/d ) and vitamin e , while the latter with vitamin e only , both for @ months .', 'all the patients received semen analyses before and after the treatment , and were observed for adverse effects .', 'the pregnancy rates of their wives were recorded .', 'group a showed a significantly increased percentage of forward motile sperm after the treatment ( @ % + / - @ % ) as compared with pretreatment ( @ % + / - @ % ) ( p < @ ) , but no statistically significant differences were found in sperm density and the percentage of the sperm of normal morphology ( p > @ ) .', 'the rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in group a ( @ % ) than in b ( @ % ) after the treatment ( p < @ ) .', 'no adverse events were found during the treatment .', 'l-carnitine , capable of significantly improving sperm motility and raising the rate of pregnancy , is a safe and effective therapeutic option for asthenozoospermia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the effects on bone mineral density of @ years of treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) agonist alone or in combination with tamoxifen or tamoxifen alone in premenopausal breast cancer .", "we recruited @ women from two centers in stockholm participating in a randomized multicenter trial of three different endocrine approaches in the adjuvant setting ( zoladex in premenopausal patients trial ) .", "the women were assigned to receive the lhrh agonist goserelin with or without tamoxifen , tamoxifen alone , or no endocrine therapy .", "the treatment was given for @ years .", "we measured total-body bone density before start of treatment and at @ , @ , and @ months .", "after @ years of treatment , there was a significant loss of bone mineral density ( mean change , -@ % ; p < @ ) in the women receiving goserelin alone .", "the combined goserelin and tamoxifen treatment , as well as tamoxifen alone , resulted in a lesser but statistically significant decline in bone mineral density ( mean change , -@ % ; p = @ ; and -@ % ; p < @ ) .", "one year after cessation of treatment , the goserelin group alone showed a partial recovery from bone loss ( mean change , @ % ; p = @ ) .", "two years of ovarian ablation from goserelin treatment caused a significant reduction in bone mineral density but there was a partial recovery from the bone loss @ year after cessation of treatment .", "the addition of tamoxifen seems to partially counteract the demineralizing effects of goserelin ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to examine the effects on bone mineral density of @ years of treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) agonist alone or in combination with tamoxifen or tamoxifen alone in premenopausal breast cancer .', 'we recruited @ women from two centers in stockholm participating in a randomized multicenter trial of three different endocrine approaches in the adjuvant setting ( zoladex in premenopausal patients trial ) .', 'the women were assigned to receive the lhrh agonist goserelin with or without tamoxifen , tamoxifen alone , or no endocrine therapy .', 'the treatment was given for @ years .', 'we measured total-body bone density before start of treatment and at @ , @ , and @ months .', 'after @ years of treatment , there was a significant loss of bone mineral density ( mean change , -@ % ; p < @ ) in the women receiving goserelin alone .', 'the combined goserelin and tamoxifen treatment , as well as tamoxifen alone , resulted in a lesser but statistically significant decline in bone mineral density ( mean change , -@ % ; p = @ ; and -@ % ; p < @ ) .', 'one year after cessation of treatment , the goserelin group alone showed a partial recovery from bone loss ( mean change , @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'two years of ovarian ablation from goserelin treatment caused a significant reduction in bone mineral density but there was a partial recovery from the bone loss @ year after cessation of treatment .', 'the addition of tamoxifen seems to partially counteract the demineralizing effects of goserelin .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prior rehabilitation outcome studies have had many weaknesses .", "but they gradually observe a lack of long-term benefits from inpatient care alone .", "the goal of this study was to measure the additive effect of outpatient , subacute rehabilitation ( compared with usual outpatient primary medical care ) for adults diagnosed with a disabling disorder in four major diagnostic groups ( nervous , circulatory , musculoskeletal and injury ) .", "a randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of outpatient , subacute rehabilitative care on : ( @ ) physical function ; ( @ ) health ; ( @ ) well being ; ( @ ) family function ; and ( @ ) social support .", "patients hospitalized for the first time with a disabling condition ( n = @ ) were provided inpatient rehabilitation and then were randomly assigned to either outpatient , subacute rehabilitation at home ( n = @ ) or to usual outpatient follow-up ( n = @ ) in which only primary care medical services were provided .", "to compare the two groups , univariate analyses of covariance were conducted for the outcome variables .", "the major finding of this study was that of no significant effect of the intervention on any outcome variable .", "based on current study results , we conclude that any long term additive benefit of outpatient , subacute rehabilitation may not be detectable across disability categories and may require closer evaluation in studies with a more homogeneous population than in the current study .", "providing complex follow-up case management services to all clients is apparently not beneficial and might better be provided using selection criteria based on need .", "future studies should determine if services are more effective when provided to those with the most unmet rehabilitative needs .", "further outpatient , subacute care rehabilitation studies should address the specific needs of the patients and be adapted individually to those needs ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['prior rehabilitation outcome studies have had many weaknesses .', 'but they gradually observe a lack of long-term benefits from inpatient care alone .', 'the goal of this study was to measure the additive effect of outpatient , subacute rehabilitation ( compared with usual outpatient primary medical care ) for adults diagnosed with a disabling disorder in four major diagnostic groups ( nervous , circulatory , musculoskeletal and injury ) .', 'a randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of outpatient , subacute rehabilitative care on : ( @ ) physical function ; ( @ ) health ; ( @ ) well being ; ( @ ) family function ; and ( @ ) social support .', 'patients hospitalized for the first time with a disabling condition ( n = @ ) were provided inpatient rehabilitation and then were randomly assigned to either outpatient , subacute rehabilitation at home ( n = @ ) or to usual outpatient follow-up ( n = @ ) in which only primary care medical services were provided .', 'to compare the two groups , univariate analyses of covariance were conducted for the outcome variables .', 'the major finding of this study was that of no significant effect of the intervention on any outcome variable .', 'based on current study results , we conclude that any long term additive benefit of outpatient , subacute rehabilitation may not be detectable across disability categories and may require closer evaluation in studies with a more homogeneous population than in the current study .', 'providing complex follow-up case management services to all clients is apparently not beneficial and might better be provided using selection criteria based on need .', 'future studies should determine if services are more effective when provided to those with the most unmet rehabilitative needs .', 'further outpatient , subacute care rehabilitation studies should address the specific needs of the patients and be adapted individually to those needs .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin ( pld ) with that of pld alone in women with recurrent ovarian cancer after failure of first-line , platinum-based chemotherapy .", "women > or = @ years , stratified by performance status ( @ to @ v @ ) and platinum sensitivity , were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of pld @ mg/m ( @ ) followed by a @-hour infusion of trabectedin @ mg/m ( @ ) every @ weeks or pld @ mg/m ( @ ) every @ weeks .", "the primary end point was progression-free survival ( pfs ) by independent radiology assessment .", "patients ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to trabectedin/pld ( n = @ ) or pld ( n = @ ) .", "median pfs was @ months with trabectedin/pld v @ months with pld ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "for platinum-sensitive patients , median pfs was @ months v @ months , respectively ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "overall response rate ( orr ) was @ % for trabectedin/pld v @ % for pld ( p = @ ) ; for platinum-sensitive patients , it was @ % v @ % ( p = @ ) , respectively .", "orr , pfs , and overall survival among platinum-resistant patients were not statistically different .", "neutropenia was more common with trabectedin/pld .", "grade @ to @ transaminase elevations were also more common with the combination but were transient and noncumulative .", "hand-foot syndrome and mucositis were less frequent with trabectedin/pld than with pld alone .", "when combined with pld , trabectedin improves pfs and orr over pld alone with acceptable tolerance in the second-line treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin ( pld ) with that of pld alone in women with recurrent ovarian cancer after failure of first-line , platinum-based chemotherapy .', 'women > or = @ years , stratified by performance status ( @ to @ v @ ) and platinum sensitivity , were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of pld @ mg/m ( @ ) followed by a @-hour infusion of trabectedin @ mg/m ( @ ) every @ weeks or pld @ mg/m ( @ ) every @ weeks .', 'the primary end point was progression-free survival ( pfs ) by independent radiology assessment .', 'patients ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to trabectedin/pld ( n = @ ) or pld ( n = @ ) .', 'median pfs was @ months with trabectedin/pld v @ months with pld ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'for platinum-sensitive patients , median pfs was @ months v @ months , respectively ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'overall response rate ( orr ) was @ % for trabectedin/pld v @ % for pld ( p = @ ) ; for platinum-sensitive patients , it was @ % v @ % ( p = @ ) , respectively .', 'orr , pfs , and overall survival among platinum-resistant patients were not statistically different .', 'neutropenia was more common with trabectedin/pld .', 'grade @ to @ transaminase elevations were also more common with the combination but were transient and noncumulative .', 'hand-foot syndrome and mucositis were less frequent with trabectedin/pld than with pld alone .', 'when combined with pld , trabectedin improves pfs and orr over pld alone with acceptable tolerance in the second-line treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase iv ( dpp-@ ) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with type @ diabetes .", "vildagliptin may be an appropriate agent to combine with other antihyperglycemic agents in patients requiring combination therapy to achieve optimal glycemic control .", "two studies were performed to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea , glyburide , or pioglitazone in patients with type @ diabetes .", "two open-label , multiple-dose , @-period , randomized , crossover studies in patients with type @ diabetes were carried out .", "steady state drug pharmacokinetics and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses were assessed during treatment with vildagliptin @ mg b.i.d. alone and in combination with glyburide @ mg q.d. ( n = @ ) or with vildagliptin @ mg q.d. alone or in combination with pioglitazone @ mg q.d. ( n = @ ) .", "coadministration of vildagliptin with either glyburide or pioglitazone had no clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of any of the @ drugs .", "changes in auc and cmax during combination treatment were small ( pound @ % ) , and @ % confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios ( drug coadministration/monotherapy ) were generally contained within the acceptance range for bioequivalence ( @ - @ ) .", "vildagliptin/glyburide coadministration significantly reduced the area under the plasma glucose-time curve compared with glyburide alone ( aue@-@h reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) and aue@-@h by @ % ( p = @ ) ) , and increased the area under the plasma insulin-time curve ( aue@-@h increased by @ % ( p = @ ) ) .", "vildagliptin/pioglitazone coadministration also significantly reduced postprandial glucose exposure compared with pioglitazone alone ( aue@-@ @ h reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) and aue@-@ @ h by @ % ( p = @ ) ) .", "vildagliptin was generally well tolerated whether administered alone or in combination with glyburide or pioglitazone , and was not associated with hypoglycemia .", "coadministration of vildagliptin with either glyburide or pioglitazone in patients with type @ diabetes improves postprandial glycemic control without notable effects on drug pharmacokinetics ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase iv ( dpp-@ ) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with type @ diabetes .', 'vildagliptin may be an appropriate agent to combine with other antihyperglycemic agents in patients requiring combination therapy to achieve optimal glycemic control .', 'two studies were performed to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea , glyburide , or pioglitazone in patients with type @ diabetes .', 'two open-label , multiple-dose , @-period , randomized , crossover studies in patients with type @ diabetes were carried out .', 'steady state drug pharmacokinetics and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses were assessed during treatment with vildagliptin @ mg b.i.d. alone and in combination with glyburide @ mg q.d. ( n = @ ) or with vildagliptin @ mg q.d. alone or in combination with pioglitazone @ mg q.d. ( n = @ ) .', 'coadministration of vildagliptin with either glyburide or pioglitazone had no clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of any of the @ drugs .', 'changes in auc and cmax during combination treatment were small ( pound @ % ) , and @ % confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios ( drug coadministration/monotherapy ) were generally contained within the acceptance range for bioequivalence ( @ - @ ) .', 'vildagliptin/glyburide coadministration significantly reduced the area under the plasma glucose-time curve compared with glyburide alone ( aue@-@h reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) and aue@-@h by @ % ( p = @ ) ) , and increased the area under the plasma insulin-time curve ( aue@-@h increased by @ % ( p = @ ) ) .', 'vildagliptin/pioglitazone coadministration also significantly reduced postprandial glucose exposure compared with pioglitazone alone ( aue@-@ @ h reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) and aue@-@ @ h by @ % ( p = @ ) ) .', 'vildagliptin was generally well tolerated whether administered alone or in combination with glyburide or pioglitazone , and was not associated with hypoglycemia .', 'coadministration of vildagliptin with either glyburide or pioglitazone in patients with type @ diabetes improves postprandial glycemic control without notable effects on drug pharmacokinetics .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the efficacy of omeprazole @ mg o.m. as primary prophylaxis against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( nsaid ) - associated ulcer disease or dyspeptic symptoms .", "a parallel group study compared patients randomized to receive omeprazole @ mg o.m. or placebo as co-therapy with on-going nsaid treatment , over @ months , in @ specialist centres in ireland , hungary , france , the uk and the usa .", "one hundred and sixty-nine patients taking nsaids regularly , chronically and above defined minimum doses entered the trial .", "the main outcome measure was the development of gastric or duodenal ulcers detected endoscopically , the development of multiple erosions in the stomach or duodenum , or the onset of moderate or severe dyspeptic symptoms .", "the estimated probability of remaining free of these end-points for @ months for patients taking omeprazole was @ compared to @ for placebo ( p = @ ) .", "fourteen patients receiving placebo ( @ % ) developed @ ulcers , comprising nine gastric and six duodenal ulcers , compared to three patients ( @ % ) receiving omeprazole ( all gastric ulcers ) .", "logistic regression analysis showed that older patients were less likely , whilst those with rheumatoid arthritis were more likely , to remain free of nsaid-associated problems .", "omeprazole is an effective agent for gastroduodenal prophylaxis in patients taking nsaids .", "its main effect is to reduce the rate of development of gastric and duodenal ulcers ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate the efficacy of omeprazole @ mg o.m. as primary prophylaxis against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( nsaid ) - associated ulcer disease or dyspeptic symptoms .', 'a parallel group study compared patients randomized to receive omeprazole @ mg o.m. or placebo as co-therapy with on-going nsaid treatment , over @ months , in @ specialist centres in ireland , hungary , france , the uk and the usa .', 'one hundred and sixty-nine patients taking nsaids regularly , chronically and above defined minimum doses entered the trial .', 'the main outcome measure was the development of gastric or duodenal ulcers detected endoscopically , the development of multiple erosions in the stomach or duodenum , or the onset of moderate or severe dyspeptic symptoms .', 'the estimated probability of remaining free of these end-points for @ months for patients taking omeprazole was @ compared to @ for placebo ( p = @ ) .', 'fourteen patients receiving placebo ( @ % ) developed @ ulcers , comprising nine gastric and six duodenal ulcers , compared to three patients ( @ % ) receiving omeprazole ( all gastric ulcers ) .', 'logistic regression analysis showed that older patients were less likely , whilst those with rheumatoid arthritis were more likely , to remain free of nsaid-associated problems .', 'omeprazole is an effective agent for gastroduodenal prophylaxis in patients taking nsaids .', 'its main effect is to reduce the rate of development of gastric and duodenal ulcers .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nitrates are widely used to treat coronary artery disease , but their therapeutic value is compromised by the rapid development of tolerance .", "recently , the renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to play an important role in the development of nitrate tolerance .", "sixty-four patients with coronary spastic angina were investigated to clarify the effect of angiotensin ii type @ receptor blocker ( arb ) therapy on nitrate tolerance .", "transdermal nitroglycerin ( @ mg/d ) and an arb ( candesartan , @ mg/d ) were administered to @ patients ( gtn+arb group ) for @ days , whereas transdermal nitroglycerin and placebo were administered to @ patients ( gtn group ) .", "another @ patients were treated with placebo skin patches and placebo tablets for @ days ( control group ) .", "the brachial artery response to incremental doses of intravenous nitroglycerin ( @ , @ , and @ micro ; g/kg ) was measured by ultrasound before and after transdermal nitroglycerin therapy .", "before treatment , the arterial diameter was increased by nitroglycerin injection in each group .", "after treatment , the increase of arterial diameter was significantly suppressed in the gtn group but not in the control or gtn+arb groups .", "the plasma level of thioredoxin ( a marker of oxidative stress ) was increased in the gtn group after treatment ( p < @ ) but not in the control or gtn+arb groups .", "an arb suppressed the development of nitrate tolerance during transdermal nitroglycerin therapy .", "these results suggest that increased oxidative stress induced by activation of angiotensin ii may play an important role in the development of nitrate tolerance ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['nitrates are widely used to treat coronary artery disease , but their therapeutic value is compromised by the rapid development of tolerance .', 'recently , the renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to play an important role in the development of nitrate tolerance .', 'sixty-four patients with coronary spastic angina were investigated to clarify the effect of angiotensin ii type @ receptor blocker ( arb ) therapy on nitrate tolerance .', 'transdermal nitroglycerin ( @ mg/d ) and an arb ( candesartan , @ mg/d ) were administered to @ patients ( gtn+arb group ) for @ days , whereas transdermal nitroglycerin and placebo were administered to @ patients ( gtn group ) .', 'another @ patients were treated with placebo skin patches and placebo tablets for @ days ( control group ) .', 'the brachial artery response to incremental doses of intravenous nitroglycerin ( @ , @ , and @ micro ; g/kg ) was measured by ultrasound before and after transdermal nitroglycerin therapy .', 'before treatment , the arterial diameter was increased by nitroglycerin injection in each group .', 'after treatment , the increase of arterial diameter was significantly suppressed in the gtn group but not in the control or gtn+arb groups .', 'the plasma level of thioredoxin ( a marker of oxidative stress ) was increased in the gtn group after treatment ( p < @ ) but not in the control or gtn+arb groups .', 'an arb suppressed the development of nitrate tolerance during transdermal nitroglycerin therapy .', 'these results suggest that increased oxidative stress induced by activation of angiotensin ii may play an important role in the development of nitrate tolerance .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "physical activity ( pa ) is a preventive strategy for cardiovascular disease and for managing cardiovascular risk factors .", "there is little information on the effectiveness of pa for the prevention of cardiovascular outcomes once cardiovascular disease is present .", "thus , we studied the relationship between pa at baseline and cardiovascular events in a high-risk population .", "a prespecified analyses of observational data in a prospective , randomized hypertension study .", "losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension ( life ) study .", "hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) ( n = @,@ ) .", "losartan versus atenolol .", "reported level of pa : never exercise , exercise < or = @ min twice per week , or exercise > @ min twice per week at baseline and after a mean of @ years of treatment with losartan - versus atenolol-based therapy .", "risk reductions were calculated by level of pa for the primary composite end-point and its components cardiovascular death , stroke and myocardial infarction , and also all-cause mortality and new-onset diabetes .", "a modest level of pa ( > @ min twice per week ) was associated with significant reductions in risk for the primary composite end-point [ adjusted hazard ratio ( ahr ) @ , p < @ ) and its components , all-cause mortality ( ahr @ , p < @ ) , and new-onset diabetes ( ahr @ , p < @ ) .", "a modest level of self-reported pa ( > @ min twice per week ) in patients with hypertension and lvh in the life study was associated with significant reductions in risk for the primary composite end-point and its components of cardiovascular death , stroke , and myocardial infarction , all-cause mortality , and new-onset diabetes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['physical activity ( pa ) is a preventive strategy for cardiovascular disease and for managing cardiovascular risk factors .', 'there is little information on the effectiveness of pa for the prevention of cardiovascular outcomes once cardiovascular disease is present .', 'thus , we studied the relationship between pa at baseline and cardiovascular events in a high-risk population .', 'a prespecified analyses of observational data in a prospective , randomized hypertension study .', 'losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension ( life ) study .', 'hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) ( n = @,@ ) .', 'losartan versus atenolol .', 'reported level of pa : never exercise , exercise < or = @ min twice per week , or exercise > @ min twice per week at baseline and after a mean of @ years of treatment with losartan - versus atenolol-based therapy .', 'risk reductions were calculated by level of pa for the primary composite end-point and its components cardiovascular death , stroke and myocardial infarction , and also all-cause mortality and new-onset diabetes .', 'a modest level of pa ( > @ min twice per week ) was associated with significant reductions in risk for the primary composite end-point [ adjusted hazard ratio ( ahr ) @ , p < @ ) and its components , all-cause mortality ( ahr @ , p < @ ) , and new-onset diabetes ( ahr @ , p < @ ) .', 'a modest level of self-reported pa ( > @ min twice per week ) in patients with hypertension and lvh in the life study was associated with significant reductions in risk for the primary composite end-point and its components of cardiovascular death , stroke , and myocardial infarction , all-cause mortality , and new-onset diabetes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mapping of premature ventricular contractions ( pvcs ) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract ( rvot ) sometimes is not easy because of an unstable incidence and multiple foci of the pvcs .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of electroanatomic mapping in catheter ablation of those pvcs .", "one hundred patients with @ rvot origin pvcs were randomly allotted to undergo either conventional ( group i ; @ patients with @ pvcs ) or electroanatomic mapping ( group ii ; @ patients with @ pvcs ) .", "in group ii , electroanatomic mapping of the rvot was performed using auto-freeze maps in patients with frequent pvcs , and pace mapping was performed marking the pacing sites on the remap which was made by extracting the anatomic frame out of the baseline map during sinus rhythm in patients with infrequent pvcs .", "successful ablation was achieved in @ ( @ % ) group i patients and @ ( @ % ) group ii patients ( p = @ ) .", "the fluoroscopy and procedure times and those per pvc morphology were all significantly shorter in group ii than group i overall ( p < @ for all comparisons ) , and in each patient group with infrequent pvcs , frequent pvcs or unstable pvcs ( p < @-@ @ ) .", "the number of rf applications and that per pvc was significantly smaller in group ii than group i ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) .", "the use of electroanatomic mapping may reduce the fluoroscopy and procedure times in the ablation of rvot pvcs , but there is no evidence that it improves the overall efficacy of the procedure ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['mapping of premature ventricular contractions ( pvcs ) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract ( rvot ) sometimes is not easy because of an unstable incidence and multiple foci of the pvcs .', 'the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of electroanatomic mapping in catheter ablation of those pvcs .', 'one hundred patients with @ rvot origin pvcs were randomly allotted to undergo either conventional ( group i ; @ patients with @ pvcs ) or electroanatomic mapping ( group ii ; @ patients with @ pvcs ) .', 'in group ii , electroanatomic mapping of the rvot was performed using auto-freeze maps in patients with frequent pvcs , and pace mapping was performed marking the pacing sites on the remap which was made by extracting the anatomic frame out of the baseline map during sinus rhythm in patients with infrequent pvcs .', 'successful ablation was achieved in @ ( @ % ) group i patients and @ ( @ % ) group ii patients ( p = @ ) .', 'the fluoroscopy and procedure times and those per pvc morphology were all significantly shorter in group ii than group i overall ( p < @ for all comparisons ) , and in each patient group with infrequent pvcs , frequent pvcs or unstable pvcs ( p < @-@ @ ) .', 'the number of rf applications and that per pvc was significantly smaller in group ii than group i ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ; p < @ ) .', 'the use of electroanatomic mapping may reduce the fluoroscopy and procedure times in the ablation of rvot pvcs , but there is no evidence that it improves the overall efficacy of the procedure .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "levels of physical activity ( pa ) in uk children are much lower than recommended and novel approaches to its promotion are needed .", "the children , parents and pets exercising together ( cpet ) study is the first exploratory randomised controlled trial ( rct ) to develop and evaluate an intervention aimed at dog-based pa promotion in families .", "cpet aimed to assess the feasibility , acceptability and potential efficacy of a theory-driven , family-based , dog walking intervention for @-@ year olds .", "twenty-eight families were allocated randomly to either receive a @-week dog based pa intervention or to a control group .", "families in the intervention group were motivated and supported to increase the frequency , intensity and duration of dog walking using a number of behaviour change techniques .", "parents in the intervention group were asked to complete a short study exit questionnaire .", "in addition , focus groups with parents and children in the intervention group , and with key stakeholders were undertaken .", "the primary outcome measure was @ week change in total volume of pa using the mean accelerometer count per minute ( cpm ) .", "intervention and control groups were compared using analysis of covariance .", "analysis was performed on an intention to treat basis .", "twenty five families were retained at follow up ( @ % ) and @ % of all outcome data were collected at baseline and follow up .", "thirteen of @ ( @ % ) intervention group parents available at follow up completed the study exit questionnaire and noted that study outcome measures were acceptable .", "there was a mean difference in child total volume of pa of @ cpm ( @ % ci -@ , @ ) and -@ cpm ( @ % ci -@ , @ ) for intervention and control group children , respectively .", "this was not statistically significant .", "approximately @ % of dog walking time for parents and @ % of dog walking time for children was moderate-vigorous pa. .", "the acceptability of the cpet intervention and outcome measures was high .", "using pet dogs as the agent of lifestyle change in pa interventions in children and their parents is both feasible and acceptable , but did not result in a significant increase in child pa in this exploratory trial .", "isrctn@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['levels of physical activity ( pa ) in uk children are much lower than recommended and novel approaches to its promotion are needed .', 'the children , parents and pets exercising together ( cpet ) study is the first exploratory randomised controlled trial ( rct ) to develop and evaluate an intervention aimed at dog-based pa promotion in families .', 'cpet aimed to assess the feasibility , acceptability and potential efficacy of a theory-driven , family-based , dog walking intervention for @-@ year olds .', 'twenty-eight families were allocated randomly to either receive a @-week dog based pa intervention or to a control group .', 'families in the intervention group were motivated and supported to increase the frequency , intensity and duration of dog walking using a number of behaviour change techniques .', 'parents in the intervention group were asked to complete a short study exit questionnaire .', 'in addition , focus groups with parents and children in the intervention group , and with key stakeholders were undertaken .', 'the primary outcome measure was @ week change in total volume of pa using the mean accelerometer count per minute ( cpm ) .', 'intervention and control groups were compared using analysis of covariance .', 'analysis was performed on an intention to treat basis .', 'twenty five families were retained at follow up ( @ % ) and @ % of all outcome data were collected at baseline and follow up .', 'thirteen of @ ( @ % ) intervention group parents available at follow up completed the study exit questionnaire and noted that study outcome measures were acceptable .', 'there was a mean difference in child total volume of pa of @ cpm ( @ % ci -@ , @ ) and -@ cpm ( @ % ci -@ , @ ) for intervention and control group children , respectively .', 'this was not statistically significant .', 'approximately @ % of dog walking time for parents and @ % of dog walking time for children was moderate-vigorous pa. .', 'the acceptability of the cpet intervention and outcome measures was high .', 'using pet dogs as the agent of lifestyle change in pa interventions in children and their parents is both feasible and acceptable , but did not result in a significant increase in child pa in this exploratory trial .', 'isrctn@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "few studies have addressed the implication of the duration of untreated illness ( dui ) on the clinical outcome of mood disorders .", "although not focusing on dui , previous findings suggest that the longer it takes to start appropriate treatment , the worse will be the evolution of depressive disorder .", "we sought to determine the effect of the duration of untreated episode ( due ) on @ ) rates of response to treatment , @ ) time to attain a sustained response and @ ) rates of remission of mdd , dealing specially with first-depressive episodes .", "@ patients with mdd were grouped into long due ( > @ weeks ) and short due ( < or = @ ) .", "statistical analyses were performed to determine differences in outcome variables .", "the same analyses were repeated by splitting the sample between first-episode and recurrent depression .", "the percentage of patients who achieved a sustained response was significantly higher in the group with a short due [ or = @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ] .", "survival analyses showed that patients with a long due delayed longer time to attain a sustained response [ @ vs. @ days , p = @ ] .", "once the sample was split , these results were even more pronounced in the subsample of first-depressive episode patients .", "given that the sample was originally recruited for two clinical trials , the follow-up period of this study is only six weeks long .", "our results indicate that response to antidepressant treatments is faster when the no-treatment interval is reduced .", "the earliest treatment of first-depressive episodes seems to be crucial since a shorter duration of untreated illness implies better response outcomes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['few studies have addressed the implication of the duration of untreated illness ( dui ) on the clinical outcome of mood disorders .', 'although not focusing on dui , previous findings suggest that the longer it takes to start appropriate treatment , the worse will be the evolution of depressive disorder .', 'we sought to determine the effect of the duration of untreated episode ( due ) on @ ) rates of response to treatment , @ ) time to attain a sustained response and @ ) rates of remission of mdd , dealing specially with first-depressive episodes .', '@ patients with mdd were grouped into long due ( > @ weeks ) and short due ( < or = @ ) .', 'statistical analyses were performed to determine differences in outcome variables .', 'the same analyses were repeated by splitting the sample between first-episode and recurrent depression .', 'the percentage of patients who achieved a sustained response was significantly higher in the group with a short due [ or = @ ; @ % ci @-@ @ ] .', 'survival analyses showed that patients with a long due delayed longer time to attain a sustained response [ @ vs. @ days , p = @ ] .', 'once the sample was split , these results were even more pronounced in the subsample of first-depressive episode patients .', 'given that the sample was originally recruited for two clinical trials , the follow-up period of this study is only six weeks long .', 'our results indicate that response to antidepressant treatments is faster when the no-treatment interval is reduced .', 'the earliest treatment of first-depressive episodes seems to be crucial since a shorter duration of untreated illness implies better response outcomes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rabeprazole is a new fast acting proton pump inhibitor that has recently been proven to be effective in the treatment of peptic ulceration and reflux esophagitis .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate rabeprazole in combination with antibiotics for the eradication of helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) in patients with chronic active gastritis with or without peptic ulcer disease .", "seventy-five h. pylori-infected patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive a @-day treatment regimen consisting of : rac , ram , rcm , or rc ( r = rabeprazole @ mg b.d. , a = amoxycillin @ g b.d. , c = clarithromycin @ mg b.d. , m = metronidazole @ mg b.d. ) .", "randomized patients were h. pylori-positive by gastric biopsy urease test , histology and @c urea breath test ( @c-ubt ) .", "h. pylori eradication was assessed by @c-ubt , @ and @ wk after finishing treatment .", "endoscopy with histology and culture for antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed pretreatment and if treatment failed .", "on an intention-to-treat analysis , treatment success was : rcm @ % , rac @ % , ram @ % , and rc @ % .", "the most common side effects were loose stools , headache , and taste disturbance , but there were no serious adverse events related to the study medication .", "the two patients failing ram treatment had metronidazole-resistant strains before and after treatment .", "none of the pretreatment h. pylori isolates from six patients failing rc were clarithromycin resistant , but three of five successfully cultured posttreatment had developed clarithromycin resistance .", "rabeprazole-based triple therapy with two antibiotics for @ wk is safe and effective in eradicating h. pylori .", "dual therapy with clarithromycin is less successful , and the majority of treatment failures develop clarithromycin resistance ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['rabeprazole is a new fast acting proton pump inhibitor that has recently been proven to be effective in the treatment of peptic ulceration and reflux esophagitis .', 'the aim of this study was to evaluate rabeprazole in combination with antibiotics for the eradication of helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) in patients with chronic active gastritis with or without peptic ulcer disease .', 'seventy-five h. pylori-infected patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive a @-day treatment regimen consisting of : rac , ram , rcm , or rc ( r = rabeprazole @ mg b.d. , a = amoxycillin @ g b.d. , c = clarithromycin @ mg b.d. , m = metronidazole @ mg b.d. ) .', 'randomized patients were h. pylori-positive by gastric biopsy urease test , histology and @c urea breath test ( @c-ubt ) .', 'h. pylori eradication was assessed by @c-ubt , @ and @ wk after finishing treatment .', 'endoscopy with histology and culture for antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed pretreatment and if treatment failed .', 'on an intention-to-treat analysis , treatment success was : rcm @ % , rac @ % , ram @ % , and rc @ % .', 'the most common side effects were loose stools , headache , and taste disturbance , but there were no serious adverse events related to the study medication .', 'the two patients failing ram treatment had metronidazole-resistant strains before and after treatment .', 'none of the pretreatment h. pylori isolates from six patients failing rc were clarithromycin resistant , but three of five successfully cultured posttreatment had developed clarithromycin resistance .', 'rabeprazole-based triple therapy with two antibiotics for @ wk is safe and effective in eradicating h. pylori .', 'dual therapy with clarithromycin is less successful , and the majority of treatment failures develop clarithromycin resistance .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nitrates are superior to furosemide in the management of acute pulmonary edema associated with myocardial infarction ; however , their role in the absence of infarction is unclear .", "a randomized comparison was undertaken of the relative effectiveness of primary therapy with either intravenous morphine/furosemide ( men/women ; n = @ ) or nitroglycerin/n-acetylcysteine ( ntg/nac ; n = @ ) in consecutive patients with acute pulmonary edema .", "the primary end point was change in pao@/fio@ over the first @ minutes of therapy .", "secondary end points were needed for mechanical respiratory assistance ( ie , continuous positive airway pressure via mask or intubation and ventilation ) and changes in other gas exchange parameters .", "both treatment groups showed improvement in oxygenation after @ minutes of therapy ; however , this reached statistical significance only with ntg/nac therapy .", "there was no significant difference between groups in the assessed parameters ( @ % ci for differences in pao@/fio@ : furosemide/morphine -@ to @ and ntg/nac @ to @ ) , a finding also confirmed in @ patients presenting with respiratory failure .", "only @ % of the study group required mechanical ventilatory assistance ( continuous positive airway pressure in @ patients and intubation and ventilation in @ patients ) .", "ntg/nac therapy is as effective as furosemide/morphine in the initial management of acute pulmonary edema , regardless of the presence or absence of respiratory failure .", "the necessity for mechanical ventilatory assistance is infrequent in these patients , regardless of the initial medical treatment regimen ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['nitrates are superior to furosemide in the management of acute pulmonary edema associated with myocardial infarction ; however , their role in the absence of infarction is unclear .', 'a randomized comparison was undertaken of the relative effectiveness of primary therapy with either intravenous morphine/furosemide ( men/women ; n = @ ) or nitroglycerin/n-acetylcysteine ( ntg/nac ; n = @ ) in consecutive patients with acute pulmonary edema .', 'the primary end point was change in pao@/fio@ over the first @ minutes of therapy .', 'secondary end points were needed for mechanical respiratory assistance ( ie , continuous positive airway pressure via mask or intubation and ventilation ) and changes in other gas exchange parameters .', 'both treatment groups showed improvement in oxygenation after @ minutes of therapy ; however , this reached statistical significance only with ntg/nac therapy .', 'there was no significant difference between groups in the assessed parameters ( @ % ci for differences in pao@/fio@ : furosemide/morphine -@ to @ and ntg/nac @ to @ ) , a finding also confirmed in @ patients presenting with respiratory failure .', 'only @ % of the study group required mechanical ventilatory assistance ( continuous positive airway pressure in @ patients and intubation and ventilation in @ patients ) .', 'ntg/nac therapy is as effective as furosemide/morphine in the initial management of acute pulmonary edema , regardless of the presence or absence of respiratory failure .', 'the necessity for mechanical ventilatory assistance is infrequent in these patients , regardless of the initial medical treatment regimen .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effects of low dose fentanyl infusion analgesia on behavioural and neuroendocrine stress response and short term outcome in premature infants ventilated for hyaline membrane disease .", "twenty seven ventilated preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a mean fentanyl infusion of @ ( @ se ) micrograms/kg/h for @ ( @ ) hours , and @ untreated infants were considered a control group .", "a behavioural sedation score was used to assess the infants ' behaviour .", "urinary metanephrine and the normetanephrine : creatinine molar ratio were determined at @ , @ , @ and @ hours .", "outcome data and ventilatory indexes were recorded for each infant .", "the fentanyl group showed significantly lower behavioural stress scores and o@ desaturations than controls and lower urinary concentrations of metanephrine and normetanephrine at @ , @ , @ hours .", "the two groups showed no significant difference in ventilatory variables or short term outcome .", "a short course of low dose fentanyl infusion reduces behavioural sedation scores , o@ desaturations and neuroendocrine stress response in preterm ventilated infants ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the effects of low dose fentanyl infusion analgesia on behavioural and neuroendocrine stress response and short term outcome in premature infants ventilated for hyaline membrane disease .', 'twenty seven ventilated preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a mean fentanyl infusion of @ ( @ se ) micrograms/kg/h for @ ( @ ) hours , and @ untreated infants were considered a control group .', \"a behavioural sedation score was used to assess the infants ' behaviour .\", 'urinary metanephrine and the normetanephrine : creatinine molar ratio were determined at @ , @ , @ and @ hours .', 'outcome data and ventilatory indexes were recorded for each infant .', 'the fentanyl group showed significantly lower behavioural stress scores and o@ desaturations than controls and lower urinary concentrations of metanephrine and normetanephrine at @ , @ , @ hours .', 'the two groups showed no significant difference in ventilatory variables or short term outcome .', 'a short course of low dose fentanyl infusion reduces behavioural sedation scores , o@ desaturations and neuroendocrine stress response in preterm ventilated infants .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the effect of an aquatic programme on the health promoting behaviours of adults with brain injuries .", "eighteen individuals participated in the programme and were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = @ ) or control group ( n = @ ) .", "health promoting behaviours , physical self-concept and self-esteem were measured pre - and post-intervention .", "significant differences and large effect sizes were found between scores for the experimental group only , indicating an increase in health promoting behaviours , physical self-concept and self-esteem .", "results have useful implications for health professionals as exercise prescription may enhance health promoting behaviours and decrease health care costs after a brain injury ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine the effect of an aquatic programme on the health promoting behaviours of adults with brain injuries .', 'eighteen individuals participated in the programme and were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = @ ) or control group ( n = @ ) .', 'health promoting behaviours , physical self-concept and self-esteem were measured pre - and post-intervention .', 'significant differences and large effect sizes were found between scores for the experimental group only , indicating an increase in health promoting behaviours , physical self-concept and self-esteem .', 'results have useful implications for health professionals as exercise prescription may enhance health promoting behaviours and decrease health care costs after a brain injury .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a phase iia study investigated efficacy and safety/tolerability of ascending doses of mavrilimumab ( anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor [ gm-csfr ] monoclonal antibody ) in adult subjects with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis from japan and europe .", "findings from the japanese population are presented .", "fifty-one subjects received mavrilimumab ( @-@ mg ) or placebo subcutaneously every other week for @ weeks , followed by a @-week follow-up period .", "the primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects achieving a disease activity score using @ joints ( das@ ) - c-reactive protein ( crp ) response ( decrease > @ from baseline ) .", "secondary endpoints included das@-crp remission , health assessment questionnaire disability index ( haq-di ) and american college of rheumatology ( acr ) response .", "by week @ , more mavrilimumab - versus placebo-treated subjects achieved a das@-crp response ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) ; a significant response was seen in the @ mg and @ mg dose groups ( both @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "the @ mg group also demonstrated statistically significant haq-di and acr@ responses at week @ .", "results were generally consistent between japanese and european populations .", "overall , adverse events ( aes ) were mild to moderate in intensity with one serious ae of pneumonia , considered possibly treatment-related .", "a rapid and clinically meaningful response was seen in subjects treated with gm-csfr blockade with mavrilimumab , supporting further investigation of mavrilimumab for the treatment of ra in japanese subjects ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a phase iia study investigated efficacy and safety/tolerability of ascending doses of mavrilimumab ( anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor [ gm-csfr ] monoclonal antibody ) in adult subjects with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis from japan and europe .', 'findings from the japanese population are presented .', 'fifty-one subjects received mavrilimumab ( @-@ mg ) or placebo subcutaneously every other week for @ weeks , followed by a @-week follow-up period .', 'the primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects achieving a disease activity score using @ joints ( das@ ) - c-reactive protein ( crp ) response ( decrease > @ from baseline ) .', 'secondary endpoints included das@-crp remission , health assessment questionnaire disability index ( haq-di ) and american college of rheumatology ( acr ) response .', 'by week @ , more mavrilimumab - versus placebo-treated subjects achieved a das@-crp response ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) ; a significant response was seen in the @ mg and @ mg dose groups ( both @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .', 'the @ mg group also demonstrated statistically significant haq-di and acr@ responses at week @ .', 'results were generally consistent between japanese and european populations .', 'overall , adverse events ( aes ) were mild to moderate in intensity with one serious ae of pneumonia , considered possibly treatment-related .', 'a rapid and clinically meaningful response was seen in subjects treated with gm-csfr blockade with mavrilimumab , supporting further investigation of mavrilimumab for the treatment of ra in japanese subjects .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "increased mammographic density reduces the sensitivity of screening mammography , is associated with increased breast cancer risk , and may be hormone related .", "we assessed the effect of estrogen-plus-progestin therapy on mammographic density .", "in a racially and ethnically diverse ancillary study of the women 's health initiative , we examined data from @ postmenopausal women who had been randomly assigned to receive daily combined conjugated equine estrogens ( @ mg ) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate ( i.e. , progestin ; @ mg ) ( n = @ ) or daily placebo ( n = @ ) .", "we assessed the effect of estrogen plus progestin on measured mammographic percent density and abnormal findings over a @-year and @-year period .", "all tests of statistical significance were two-sided and were based on f tests or t tests from mixed-effects models .", "mean mammographic percent density increased by @ % at year @ , compared with baseline , in the estrogen-plus-progestin group but decreased by @ % in the placebo group ( difference = @ % , @ % confidence interval [ ci ] = @ % to @ % ; p < @ ) .", "the mean changes in mammographic density persisted but were attenuated slightly after @ years , with an absolute increase of @ % in the estrogen-plus-progestin group and a decrease of @ % in the placebo group ( difference = @ % , @ % ci = @ % to @ % ; p < @ ) .", "these effects were consistent across racial/ethnic groups but were higher among women aged @-@ years in the estrogen-plus-progestin group ( mean increase at year @ = @ % ) than in the placebo group ( mean decrease at year @ = @ % ) ( difference of the means = @ % , @ % ci = @ % to @ % ; p < @ , comparing across age groups ) .", "at year @ , women who were adherent to treatment in the estrogen-plus-progestin group had a mean increase in density of @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) , and women in the placebo group had a mean decrease in density of @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) .", "use of estrogen plus progestin was associated with an increased risk of having an abnormal mammogram at year @ ( relative risk = @ , @ % ci = @ to @ ; p = @ ) , compared with placebo , that was not explained by an increase in density .", "use of up to @ years of estrogen plus progestin was associated with increases in mammographic density ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['increased mammographic density reduces the sensitivity of screening mammography , is associated with increased breast cancer risk , and may be hormone related .', 'we assessed the effect of estrogen-plus-progestin therapy on mammographic density .', \"in a racially and ethnically diverse ancillary study of the women 's health initiative , we examined data from @ postmenopausal women who had been randomly assigned to receive daily combined conjugated equine estrogens ( @ mg ) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate ( i.e. , progestin ; @ mg ) ( n = @ ) or daily placebo ( n = @ ) .\", 'we assessed the effect of estrogen plus progestin on measured mammographic percent density and abnormal findings over a @-year and @-year period .', 'all tests of statistical significance were two-sided and were based on f tests or t tests from mixed-effects models .', 'mean mammographic percent density increased by @ % at year @ , compared with baseline , in the estrogen-plus-progestin group but decreased by @ % in the placebo group ( difference = @ % , @ % confidence interval [ ci ] = @ % to @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'the mean changes in mammographic density persisted but were attenuated slightly after @ years , with an absolute increase of @ % in the estrogen-plus-progestin group and a decrease of @ % in the placebo group ( difference = @ % , @ % ci = @ % to @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'these effects were consistent across racial/ethnic groups but were higher among women aged @-@ years in the estrogen-plus-progestin group ( mean increase at year @ = @ % ) than in the placebo group ( mean decrease at year @ = @ % ) ( difference of the means = @ % , @ % ci = @ % to @ % ; p < @ , comparing across age groups ) .', 'at year @ , women who were adherent to treatment in the estrogen-plus-progestin group had a mean increase in density of @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) , and women in the placebo group had a mean decrease in density of @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) .', 'use of estrogen plus progestin was associated with an increased risk of having an abnormal mammogram at year @ ( relative risk = @ , @ % ci = @ to @ ; p = @ ) , compared with placebo , that was not explained by an increase in density .', 'use of up to @ years of estrogen plus progestin was associated with increases in mammographic density .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we aimed to evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic response to cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) and the risk of subsequent ventricular tachyarrhythmias ( vtas ) .", "current data regarding the effect of crt on the risk of vta are limited and conflicting .", "the risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( icd ) therapy for vta ( including ventricular tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , and ventricular flutter ) was compared between high - and low-echocardiographic responders to crt defibrillator ( crt-d ) therapy ( defined as @ % and < @ % reductions , respectively , in left ventricular end-systolic volume [ lvesv ] at @ year compared with baseline ) and icd-only patients enrolled in the madit-crt ( multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy ) .", "the cumulative probability of a first vta at @ years after assessment of echocardiographic response was highest among low responders to crt-d ( @ % ) , intermediate among icd-only patients ( @ % ) , and lowest among high responders to crt-d ( @ % ) , with p < @ for the overall difference during follow-up .", "multivariate analysis showed that high responders to crt-d experienced a significant @ % reduction in the risk of vta compared with icd-only patients ( p < @ ) , whereas the risk of vta was not significantly different between low responders and icd-only patients ( hazard ratio [ hr ] : @ ; p = @ ) .", "consistently , assessment of response to crt-d as a continuous measure showed that incremental @ % reductions in left ventricular end-systolic volume were associated with corresponding reductions in the risk of subsequent vta ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , vta/death ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , ventricular tachycardia ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular flutter ( hr : @ ; p = @ ) .", "in patients with left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the madit-crt trial , reverse remodeling was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent life-threatening vtas .", "( multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy [ madit-crt ] ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we aimed to evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic response to cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) and the risk of subsequent ventricular tachyarrhythmias ( vtas ) .', 'current data regarding the effect of crt on the risk of vta are limited and conflicting .', 'the risk of a first appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( icd ) therapy for vta ( including ventricular tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , and ventricular flutter ) was compared between high - and low-echocardiographic responders to crt defibrillator ( crt-d ) therapy ( defined as @ % and < @ % reductions , respectively , in left ventricular end-systolic volume [ lvesv ] at @ year compared with baseline ) and icd-only patients enrolled in the madit-crt ( multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy ) .', 'the cumulative probability of a first vta at @ years after assessment of echocardiographic response was highest among low responders to crt-d ( @ % ) , intermediate among icd-only patients ( @ % ) , and lowest among high responders to crt-d ( @ % ) , with p < @ for the overall difference during follow-up .', 'multivariate analysis showed that high responders to crt-d experienced a significant @ % reduction in the risk of vta compared with icd-only patients ( p < @ ) , whereas the risk of vta was not significantly different between low responders and icd-only patients ( hazard ratio [ hr ] : @ ; p = @ ) .', 'consistently , assessment of response to crt-d as a continuous measure showed that incremental @ % reductions in left ventricular end-systolic volume were associated with corresponding reductions in the risk of subsequent vta ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , vta/death ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , ventricular tachycardia ( hr : @ ; p < @ ) , and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular flutter ( hr : @ ; p = @ ) .', 'in patients with left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the madit-crt trial , reverse remodeling was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent life-threatening vtas .', '( multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-cardiac resynchronization therapy [ madit-crt ] ; nct@ ) .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate whether loxoprofen , one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , prolongs the recovery process of naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infections ( urtis ) in the clinical setting .", "a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in @ outpatient facilities in japan .", "patients aged @ through @ years suffering from urtis were randomly assigned to receive loxoprofen or its placebo .", "the primary outcome was duration of illness in days .", "a total of @ patients were available for the analyses .", "duration of illness was @ + / - @ days in the loxoprofen group compared to @ + / - @ days in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "the number of days with limited daily activities was fewer in the loxoprofen group than in the placebo group ( @ + / - @ days vs. @ + / - @ days , p = @ ) .", "although severe symptoms were less frequent on days @ , @ , and @ in the loxoprofen group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) than in the placebo group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) , symptoms were more frequent on days @ through @ in the loxoprofen group ( difference , @-@ % ) .", "adverse events were more common in the loxoprofen group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "loxoprofen did not significantly modify the recovery process of urtis except for a slight tendency to delay ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate whether loxoprofen , one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , prolongs the recovery process of naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infections ( urtis ) in the clinical setting .', 'a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in @ outpatient facilities in japan .', 'patients aged @ through @ years suffering from urtis were randomly assigned to receive loxoprofen or its placebo .', 'the primary outcome was duration of illness in days .', 'a total of @ patients were available for the analyses .', 'duration of illness was @ + / - @ days in the loxoprofen group compared to @ + / - @ days in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .', 'the number of days with limited daily activities was fewer in the loxoprofen group than in the placebo group ( @ + / - @ days vs. @ + / - @ days , p = @ ) .', 'although severe symptoms were less frequent on days @ , @ , and @ in the loxoprofen group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) than in the placebo group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) , symptoms were more frequent on days @ through @ in the loxoprofen group ( difference , @-@ % ) .', 'adverse events were more common in the loxoprofen group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .', 'loxoprofen did not significantly modify the recovery process of urtis except for a slight tendency to delay .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and patient acceptability of @ microg of sublingual misoprostol with @ microg of oral misoprostol in the induction of labour at term .", "non-blinded randomised comparative trial .", "tertiary level uk hospital .", "two hundred and fifty women at term with indications for labour induction .", "fifty micrograms of sublingual misoprostol or @ microg of oral misoprostol was administered every four hours after random allocation , to a maximum of five doses .", "number of patients delivering vaginally within @ hours of the induction , mode of delivery , neonatal outcomes and patient acceptability .", "there was no significant difference in the number of women delivering vaginally within @ hours of the induction in the sublingual group as compared with the oral group ( @ % vs @ % , rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) , or in the mean induction to delivery time ( @ vs @ h , mean difference @ h @ % ci -@ to +@ ) .", "there was no difference in the uterine hyperstimulation rates ( @ % in both groups ) , operative delivery rates or neonatal outcomes .", "in the sublingual group , @ % found the induction acceptable with @ % finding the tablets with an unpleasant taste , while in the oral group it was @ % and @ % , respectively .", "more patients in the oral group thought that they would consider the same method of induction again as compared with the sublingual group ( @ % vs @ % , rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "fifty micrograms of sublingual misoprostol every four hours has the same efficacy and safety profile as compared with @ microg orally , but the oral route might be preferred by women ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and patient acceptability of @ microg of sublingual misoprostol with @ microg of oral misoprostol in the induction of labour at term .', 'non-blinded randomised comparative trial .', 'tertiary level uk hospital .', 'two hundred and fifty women at term with indications for labour induction .', 'fifty micrograms of sublingual misoprostol or @ microg of oral misoprostol was administered every four hours after random allocation , to a maximum of five doses .', 'number of patients delivering vaginally within @ hours of the induction , mode of delivery , neonatal outcomes and patient acceptability .', 'there was no significant difference in the number of women delivering vaginally within @ hours of the induction in the sublingual group as compared with the oral group ( @ % vs @ % , rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) , or in the mean induction to delivery time ( @ vs @ h , mean difference @ h @ % ci -@ to +@ ) .', 'there was no difference in the uterine hyperstimulation rates ( @ % in both groups ) , operative delivery rates or neonatal outcomes .', 'in the sublingual group , @ % found the induction acceptable with @ % finding the tablets with an unpleasant taste , while in the oral group it was @ % and @ % , respectively .', 'more patients in the oral group thought that they would consider the same method of induction again as compared with the sublingual group ( @ % vs @ % , rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .', 'fifty micrograms of sublingual misoprostol every four hours has the same efficacy and safety profile as compared with @ microg orally , but the oral route might be preferred by women .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intracerebral hemorrhage is the least treatable form of stroke .", "we performed this phase @ trial to confirm a previous study in which recombinant activated factor vii ( rfviia ) reduced growth of the hematoma and improved survival and functional outcomes .", "we randomly assigned @ patients with intracerebral hemorrhage to receive placebo ( @ patients ) , @ microg of rfviia per kilogram of body weight ( @ patients ) , or @ microg of rfviia per kilogram ( @ patients ) within @ hours after the onset of stroke .", "the primary end point was poor outcome , defined as severe disability or death according to the modified rankin scale @ days after the stroke .", "treatment with @ microg of rfviia per kilogram resulted in a significant reduction in growth in volume of the hemorrhage .", "the mean estimated increase in volume of the intracerebral hemorrhage at @ hours was @ % in the placebo group , as compared with @ % in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram ( p = @ ) and @ % in the group receiving @ microg ( p < @ ) .", "the growth in volume of intracerebral hemorrhage was reduced by @ ml ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , -@ to @ ; p = @ ) in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram and by @ ml ( @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) in the group receiving @ microg , as compared with the placebo group .", "despite this reduction in bleeding , there was no significant difference among the three groups in the proportion of patients with poor clinical outcome ( @ % in the placebo group , @ % in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram , and @ % in the group receiving @ microg ) .", "the overall frequency of thromboembolic serious adverse events was similar in the three groups ; however , arterial events were more frequent in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia than in the placebo group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "hemostatic therapy with rfviia reduced growth of the hematoma but did not improve survival or functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage .", "( clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ [ clinicaltrials.gov ] . )" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['intracerebral hemorrhage is the least treatable form of stroke .', 'we performed this phase @ trial to confirm a previous study in which recombinant activated factor vii ( rfviia ) reduced growth of the hematoma and improved survival and functional outcomes .', 'we randomly assigned @ patients with intracerebral hemorrhage to receive placebo ( @ patients ) , @ microg of rfviia per kilogram of body weight ( @ patients ) , or @ microg of rfviia per kilogram ( @ patients ) within @ hours after the onset of stroke .', 'the primary end point was poor outcome , defined as severe disability or death according to the modified rankin scale @ days after the stroke .', 'treatment with @ microg of rfviia per kilogram resulted in a significant reduction in growth in volume of the hemorrhage .', 'the mean estimated increase in volume of the intracerebral hemorrhage at @ hours was @ % in the placebo group , as compared with @ % in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram ( p = @ ) and @ % in the group receiving @ microg ( p < @ ) .', 'the growth in volume of intracerebral hemorrhage was reduced by @ ml ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , -@ to @ ; p = @ ) in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram and by @ ml ( @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) in the group receiving @ microg , as compared with the placebo group .', 'despite this reduction in bleeding , there was no significant difference among the three groups in the proportion of patients with poor clinical outcome ( @ % in the placebo group , @ % in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia per kilogram , and @ % in the group receiving @ microg ) .', 'the overall frequency of thromboembolic serious adverse events was similar in the three groups ; however , arterial events were more frequent in the group receiving @ microg of rfviia than in the placebo group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .', 'hemostatic therapy with rfviia reduced growth of the hematoma but did not improve survival or functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage .', '( clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ [ clinicaltrials.gov ] . )']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "optimizing vancomycin dosing may help eradicate bacteria while avoiding resistance .", "the guidelines recommend loading doses ; however , there are no data to demonstrate that this may result in a more rapid achievement of therapeutic troughs .", "to evaluate the percentage of troughs reaching therapeutic levels at @ , @ , and @ hours following an initial vancomycin dose of @ mg/kg compared with @ mg/kg .", "this prospective , randomized study was performed in a community academic medical center .", "patients who were to receive vancomycin in the emergency department were randomized to an initial traditional dose of @ mg/kg or a @-mg/kg loading dose followed by @ mg/kg every @ hours for @ doses .", "patients weighing > @ kg or with creatinine clearances < @ ml/min were excluded .", "in total , @ patients were enrolled ; @ hours after the initial dose of vancomycin , there was a significantly greater proportion of patients reaching target trough levels of @ mg/l among the patients who received a loading dose as compared with a traditional dose ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "this trend continued at @ hours but was not statistically significant .", "at @ hours , there was no difference in the percentage of patients reaching target levels between the @ groups .", "no statistically significant difference in nephrotoxicity or adverse events among the @ groups was demonstrated .", "a loading dose of @ mg/kg of vancomycin achieved a higher percentage of therapeutic levels at @ hours when compared with the traditional dose of @ mg/kg , without increased nephrotoxicity or adverse events ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['optimizing vancomycin dosing may help eradicate bacteria while avoiding resistance .', 'the guidelines recommend loading doses ; however , there are no data to demonstrate that this may result in a more rapid achievement of therapeutic troughs .', 'to evaluate the percentage of troughs reaching therapeutic levels at @ , @ , and @ hours following an initial vancomycin dose of @ mg/kg compared with @ mg/kg .', 'this prospective , randomized study was performed in a community academic medical center .', 'patients who were to receive vancomycin in the emergency department were randomized to an initial traditional dose of @ mg/kg or a @-mg/kg loading dose followed by @ mg/kg every @ hours for @ doses .', 'patients weighing > @ kg or with creatinine clearances < @ ml/min were excluded .', 'in total , @ patients were enrolled ; @ hours after the initial dose of vancomycin , there was a significantly greater proportion of patients reaching target trough levels of @ mg/l among the patients who received a loading dose as compared with a traditional dose ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .', 'this trend continued at @ hours but was not statistically significant .', 'at @ hours , there was no difference in the percentage of patients reaching target levels between the @ groups .', 'no statistically significant difference in nephrotoxicity or adverse events among the @ groups was demonstrated .', 'a loading dose of @ mg/kg of vancomycin achieved a higher percentage of therapeutic levels at @ hours when compared with the traditional dose of @ mg/kg , without increased nephrotoxicity or adverse events .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "oral naltrexone is effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence ; however , a major limitation of its clinical utility is poor patient adherence to the daily dosing schedule .", "a biodegradable , long-acting naltrexone microsphere formulation was developed to achieve continuous naltrexone exposure for @ month in the treatment of alcohol dependence .", "the single - and multiple-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of a long-acting naltrexone microsphere preparation were evaluated in healthy subjects .", "one group of subjects ( n = @ ) received a single dose of oral naltrexone @ mg followed by a single gluteal intramuscular ( im ) injection of long-acting naltrexone @ or @ mg or placebo .", "a different group of subjects ( n = @ ) received oral naltrexone @ mg daily for @ days , followed by im long-acting naltrexone @ mg or placebo every @ days for a total of @ doses .", "a @-day washout period separated oral and im administrations .", "blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of naltrexone and the primary metabolite , @beta-naltrexol .", "after a single im injection of long-acting naltrexone @ mg , naltrexone plasma concentrations were measurable in all subjects for at least @ days postdose .", "the pharmacokinetics were proportional to the dose and multiple dose observations were consistent with single dose observations .", "mean apparent elimination half-lives for naltrexone and @beta-naltrexol ranged from @ to @ days .", "exposure to @beta-naltrexol was reduced with im injection compared with that oral administration .", "no serious adverse events occurred .", "this study demonstrated that the long-acting naltrexone formulation was well tolerated , displayed predictable pharmacokinetics , and resulted in no meaningful drug accumulation upon multiple dosing .", "intramuscular administration avoids first-pass metabolism and changes the exposure ratio of @beta-naltrexol to naltrexone compared with oral administration .", "by providing continuous exposure to naltrexone for several weeks following im injection , this long-acting naltrexone formulation may offer therapeutic benefit to those patients who experience difficulty adhering to the daily administration schedule necessitated by oral naltrexone therapy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['oral naltrexone is effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence ; however , a major limitation of its clinical utility is poor patient adherence to the daily dosing schedule .', 'a biodegradable , long-acting naltrexone microsphere formulation was developed to achieve continuous naltrexone exposure for @ month in the treatment of alcohol dependence .', 'the single - and multiple-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of a long-acting naltrexone microsphere preparation were evaluated in healthy subjects .', 'one group of subjects ( n = @ ) received a single dose of oral naltrexone @ mg followed by a single gluteal intramuscular ( im ) injection of long-acting naltrexone @ or @ mg or placebo .', 'a different group of subjects ( n = @ ) received oral naltrexone @ mg daily for @ days , followed by im long-acting naltrexone @ mg or placebo every @ days for a total of @ doses .', 'a @-day washout period separated oral and im administrations .', 'blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of naltrexone and the primary metabolite , @beta-naltrexol .', 'after a single im injection of long-acting naltrexone @ mg , naltrexone plasma concentrations were measurable in all subjects for at least @ days postdose .', 'the pharmacokinetics were proportional to the dose and multiple dose observations were consistent with single dose observations .', 'mean apparent elimination half-lives for naltrexone and @beta-naltrexol ranged from @ to @ days .', 'exposure to @beta-naltrexol was reduced with im injection compared with that oral administration .', 'no serious adverse events occurred .', 'this study demonstrated that the long-acting naltrexone formulation was well tolerated , displayed predictable pharmacokinetics , and resulted in no meaningful drug accumulation upon multiple dosing .', 'intramuscular administration avoids first-pass metabolism and changes the exposure ratio of @beta-naltrexol to naltrexone compared with oral administration .', 'by providing continuous exposure to naltrexone for several weeks following im injection , this long-acting naltrexone formulation may offer therapeutic benefit to those patients who experience difficulty adhering to the daily administration schedule necessitated by oral naltrexone therapy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension .", "several controlled trials have investigated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) on bp in patients with osas , but its effect on hypertensive patients has not been analyzed specifically .", "to analyze the effect of cpap on ambulatory bp in patients with osas and hypertension who were undergoing antihypertensive treatment .", "we conducted a parallel , randomized , placebo-controlled trial in @ patients with osas and hypertension , who were receiving treatment with antihypertensive medication .", "patients were randomly allocated to either therapeutic or subtherapeutic cpap for @ weeks .", "ambulatory bp was registered at baseline and after treatment .", "antihypertensive treatment was not changed during the study .", "changes in bp were assessed on an intention-to-treat basis .", "there were no baseline differences in the apnea-hypopnea index , comorbidities , or ambulatory bp between groups .", "objective compliance with cpap was similar in both the therapeutic and subtherapeutic groups ( @ + / - @ h/d vs @ + / - @ h/d , respectively ; p = @ [ mean + / - sd ] ) .", "there was a small and statistically nonsignificant decrease ( - @ + / - @ mm hg vs - @ + / - @ mm hg ; difference , - @ mm hg [ @ % confidence interval , - @ to @ ] ; p = @ ) in @-h mean bp ( @hmbp ) in both subtherapeutic and therapeutic groups after @ weeks of treatment .", "no significant changes in systolic , diastolic , daytime , or nighttime bp were observed .", "the normal circadian dipper pattern was restored in a higher proportion of patients in the therapeutic group compared to the subtherapeutic cpap group , although differences were not significant ( @ of @ patients vs @ of @ patients ; odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "there was no correlation between the magnitude of change in @hmbp and cpap compliance , osas severity , or number of antihypertensive drugs used .", "four weeks of cpap did not reduce bp in patients with osas and hypertension who were treated with antihypertensive medication , compared to placebo group ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension .', 'several controlled trials have investigated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) on bp in patients with osas , but its effect on hypertensive patients has not been analyzed specifically .', 'to analyze the effect of cpap on ambulatory bp in patients with osas and hypertension who were undergoing antihypertensive treatment .', 'we conducted a parallel , randomized , placebo-controlled trial in @ patients with osas and hypertension , who were receiving treatment with antihypertensive medication .', 'patients were randomly allocated to either therapeutic or subtherapeutic cpap for @ weeks .', 'ambulatory bp was registered at baseline and after treatment .', 'antihypertensive treatment was not changed during the study .', 'changes in bp were assessed on an intention-to-treat basis .', 'there were no baseline differences in the apnea-hypopnea index , comorbidities , or ambulatory bp between groups .', 'objective compliance with cpap was similar in both the therapeutic and subtherapeutic groups ( @ + / - @ h/d vs @ + / - @ h/d , respectively ; p = @ [ mean + / - sd ] ) .', 'there was a small and statistically nonsignificant decrease ( - @ + / - @ mm hg vs - @ + / - @ mm hg ; difference , - @ mm hg [ @ % confidence interval , - @ to @ ] ; p = @ ) in @-h mean bp ( @hmbp ) in both subtherapeutic and therapeutic groups after @ weeks of treatment .', 'no significant changes in systolic , diastolic , daytime , or nighttime bp were observed .', 'the normal circadian dipper pattern was restored in a higher proportion of patients in the therapeutic group compared to the subtherapeutic cpap group , although differences were not significant ( @ of @ patients vs @ of @ patients ; odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'there was no correlation between the magnitude of change in @hmbp and cpap compliance , osas severity , or number of antihypertensive drugs used .', 'four weeks of cpap did not reduce bp in patients with osas and hypertension who were treated with antihypertensive medication , compared to placebo group .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "united states pediatric guidelines recommend that childhood obesity counseling be conducted in the primary care setting .", "primary care-based interventions can be effective in improving health behaviors , but also costly .", "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of a primary care-based obesity prevention intervention targeting children between the ages of two and six years who are at elevated risk for obesity , measured against usual care .", "high five for kids was a cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial that aimed to modify children 's nutrition and tv viewing habits through a motivational interviewing intervention .", "we assessed visit-related costs from a societal perspective , including provider-incurred direct medical costs , provider-incurred equipment costs , parent time costs and parent out-of-pocket costs , in @ dollars for the intervention ( n = @ ) and usual care ( n = @ ) groups .", "we conducted a net cost analysis using both societal and health plan costing perspectives and conducted one-way sensitivity and uncertainty analyses on results .", "the total costs for the intervention group and usual care groups in the first year of the intervention were $ @,@ ( @ % ci [ $ @,@ , $ @,@ ] ) and $ @,@ ( @ % ci [ $ @,@ , $ @,@ ] ) .", "the mean costs for the intervention and usual care groups were $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) and $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) per child , respectively , for a incremental difference of $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) per child .", "children in the intervention group attended a mean of @ of a possible @ in-person visits and received @ of a possible @ counseling phone calls .", "provider-incurred costs were the primary driver of cost estimates in sensitivity analyses .", "high five for kids was a resource-intensive intervention .", "further studies are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention relative to other pediatric obesity interventions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['united states pediatric guidelines recommend that childhood obesity counseling be conducted in the primary care setting .', 'primary care-based interventions can be effective in improving health behaviors , but also costly .', 'the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of a primary care-based obesity prevention intervention targeting children between the ages of two and six years who are at elevated risk for obesity , measured against usual care .', \"high five for kids was a cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial that aimed to modify children 's nutrition and tv viewing habits through a motivational interviewing intervention .\", 'we assessed visit-related costs from a societal perspective , including provider-incurred direct medical costs , provider-incurred equipment costs , parent time costs and parent out-of-pocket costs , in @ dollars for the intervention ( n = @ ) and usual care ( n = @ ) groups .', 'we conducted a net cost analysis using both societal and health plan costing perspectives and conducted one-way sensitivity and uncertainty analyses on results .', 'the total costs for the intervention group and usual care groups in the first year of the intervention were $ @,@ ( @ % ci [ $ @,@ , $ @,@ ] ) and $ @,@ ( @ % ci [ $ @,@ , $ @,@ ] ) .', 'the mean costs for the intervention and usual care groups were $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) and $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) per child , respectively , for a incremental difference of $ @ ( @ % ci [ $ @ , $ @ ] ) per child .', 'children in the intervention group attended a mean of @ of a possible @ in-person visits and received @ of a possible @ counseling phone calls .', 'provider-incurred costs were the primary driver of cost estimates in sensitivity analyses .', 'high five for kids was a resource-intensive intervention .', 'further studies are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention relative to other pediatric obesity interventions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "topical lidocaine is a common form of anesthesia for a wealth of procedures across a large number of disciplines , including laser treatments .", "preparations can be purchased over the counter with no prescription necessary .", "it is considered a safer and more acceptable form of anesthetic than hypodermic injections ; however , there have been reports of fatalities following its application .", "above certain serum lidocaine concentrations , patients may experience effects of toxicity such as lightheadedness and paraesthesia ; these effects can progress to seizures and cardiorespiratory depression , which can ultimately lead to death .", "the active metabolite of lidocaine , monoethylglycinexylidide ( megx ) , can be almost as potent as lidocaine in terms of toxicity .", "the authors examine the levels of both lidocaine and megx in blood serum after application of topical lidocaine .", "twenty-five healthy volunteers were assigned to one of four groups ( a , b , c , d ) .", "group a had @ g of @ % lidocaine topical anesthetic cream applied to the face for one hour without occlusion , group b had @ g applied to the face for one half-hour without occlusion , group c had @ g applied to the face for one hour without occlusion , and group d had @ g applied to the face for one hour with occlusion .", "to evaluate serum concentrations , blood was drawn every @ minutes for four hours .", "group d showed the highest serum levels of lidocaine and megx , a three-fold increase compared with group c , which received the same dose ( @g topical @ % lidocaine ) but without occlusion .", "in group d , peak serum levels occurred at @ minutes for serum lidocaine , which was also the fastest of the four groups .", "serum megx levels peaked much later than serum lidocaine levels , at @ minutes .", "individual serum levels did not exceed @ g/ml .", "across the groups , there was significant interindividual variation in both lidocaine and megx serum levels ( p = @ ) .", "applications of @ g of @ % lidocaine resulted in higher serum concentration of both lidocaine and megx .", "when comparing group a to group c , doubling the dose of @ % lidocaine from @ g to @ g resulted in double the serum levels of megx and a @ % increase in the serum lidocaine levels ( p = @ ) .", "when comparing groups c and d , the addition of an occlusive dressing resulted in a tripling of the serum lidocaine levels and a doubling of the serum megx levels , both of which were statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "when comparing all four groups , there were significant differences between the combined serum concentrations of lidocaine and megx ( p < @ ) .", "topical lidocaine preparations are increasingly being employed to provide a patient-friendly form of noninvasive analgesia for a multitude of procedures .", "some preparations are available over the counter for unsupervised patient application .", "our study has demonstrated significant interindividual variability for a given dose , especially when occlusion is applied .", "there have been fatalities resulting from topical lidocaine application , and our study suggests that this is the result of the unpredictability of lidocaine metabolism between individuals .", "therefore , we recommend that caution be exercised with topical lidocaine preparations , in particular when applied in conjunction with occlusive dressings ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['topical lidocaine is a common form of anesthesia for a wealth of procedures across a large number of disciplines , including laser treatments .', 'preparations can be purchased over the counter with no prescription necessary .', 'it is considered a safer and more acceptable form of anesthetic than hypodermic injections ; however , there have been reports of fatalities following its application .', 'above certain serum lidocaine concentrations , patients may experience effects of toxicity such as lightheadedness and paraesthesia ; these effects can progress to seizures and cardiorespiratory depression , which can ultimately lead to death .', 'the active metabolite of lidocaine , monoethylglycinexylidide ( megx ) , can be almost as potent as lidocaine in terms of toxicity .', 'the authors examine the levels of both lidocaine and megx in blood serum after application of topical lidocaine .', 'twenty-five healthy volunteers were assigned to one of four groups ( a , b , c , d ) .', 'group a had @ g of @ % lidocaine topical anesthetic cream applied to the face for one hour without occlusion , group b had @ g applied to the face for one half-hour without occlusion , group c had @ g applied to the face for one hour without occlusion , and group d had @ g applied to the face for one hour with occlusion .', 'to evaluate serum concentrations , blood was drawn every @ minutes for four hours .', 'group d showed the highest serum levels of lidocaine and megx , a three-fold increase compared with group c , which received the same dose ( @g topical @ % lidocaine ) but without occlusion .', 'in group d , peak serum levels occurred at @ minutes for serum lidocaine , which was also the fastest of the four groups .', 'serum megx levels peaked much later than serum lidocaine levels , at @ minutes .', 'individual serum levels did not exceed @ g/ml .', 'across the groups , there was significant interindividual variation in both lidocaine and megx serum levels ( p = @ ) .', 'applications of @ g of @ % lidocaine resulted in higher serum concentration of both lidocaine and megx .', 'when comparing group a to group c , doubling the dose of @ % lidocaine from @ g to @ g resulted in double the serum levels of megx and a @ % increase in the serum lidocaine levels ( p = @ ) .', 'when comparing groups c and d , the addition of an occlusive dressing resulted in a tripling of the serum lidocaine levels and a doubling of the serum megx levels , both of which were statistically significant ( p < @ ) .', 'when comparing all four groups , there were significant differences between the combined serum concentrations of lidocaine and megx ( p < @ ) .', 'topical lidocaine preparations are increasingly being employed to provide a patient-friendly form of noninvasive analgesia for a multitude of procedures .', 'some preparations are available over the counter for unsupervised patient application .', 'our study has demonstrated significant interindividual variability for a given dose , especially when occlusion is applied .', 'there have been fatalities resulting from topical lidocaine application , and our study suggests that this is the result of the unpredictability of lidocaine metabolism between individuals .', 'therefore , we recommend that caution be exercised with topical lidocaine preparations , in particular when applied in conjunction with occlusive dressings .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the efficacy , tolerance , and ocular tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution compared with @ % diclofenac ( voltaren ) and @ % tobramycin ( tobrex ) in patients undergoing cataract extraction by either nuclear expression ( extracapsular ) or ultrasound-assisted aspiration ( phacoemulsification ) with intraocular lens implantation .", "eighty-eight patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation participated in a randomized , parallel , observer-masked trial , in which the clinical usefulness of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution , two eyedrops every @ hours ( n = @ ) was compared with voltaren and tobrex , one drop of each every @ hours ( n = @ ) in a @-day course .", "efficacy was assessed from changes of the sum of anterior chamber cell count plus flare , conjunctival hyperemia and edema , and ciliary congestion , by means of slit lamp biomicroscopy on days @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "tolerance and ocular tolerability were assessed by recording intraocular pressure ( iop ) , side effects , and the patient 's and investigator 's opinions .", "anterior chamber cell count plus flare showed no differences in the two treatment groups at any evaluation point .", "the study treatment was associated with a significantly higher score for conjunctival edema on day @ ( p = @ ) , conjuncitval hyperemia on day @ ( p = @ ) and anterior chamber cell count on day @ ( p = @ ) , but these differences had no clinical relevance .", "no side effects related to the study treatment were recorded .", "efficacy , tolerance , and ocular tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution were comparable to voltaren plus tobrex for the control of anterior chamber inflammation after cataract surgery , with the advantage that both active principles are supplied in a single container ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the efficacy , tolerance , and ocular tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution compared with @ % diclofenac ( voltaren ) and @ % tobramycin ( tobrex ) in patients undergoing cataract extraction by either nuclear expression ( extracapsular ) or ultrasound-assisted aspiration ( phacoemulsification ) with intraocular lens implantation .', 'eighty-eight patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation participated in a randomized , parallel , observer-masked trial , in which the clinical usefulness of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution , two eyedrops every @ hours ( n = @ ) was compared with voltaren and tobrex , one drop of each every @ hours ( n = @ ) in a @-day course .', 'efficacy was assessed from changes of the sum of anterior chamber cell count plus flare , conjunctival hyperemia and edema , and ciliary congestion , by means of slit lamp biomicroscopy on days @ , @ , @ , and @ .', \"tolerance and ocular tolerability were assessed by recording intraocular pressure ( iop ) , side effects , and the patient 's and investigator 's opinions .\", 'anterior chamber cell count plus flare showed no differences in the two treatment groups at any evaluation point .', 'the study treatment was associated with a significantly higher score for conjunctival edema on day @ ( p = @ ) , conjuncitval hyperemia on day @ ( p = @ ) and anterior chamber cell count on day @ ( p = @ ) , but these differences had no clinical relevance .', 'no side effects related to the study treatment were recorded .', 'efficacy , tolerance , and ocular tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of @ % diclofenac plus @ % tobramycin ophthalmic solution were comparable to voltaren plus tobrex for the control of anterior chamber inflammation after cataract surgery , with the advantage that both active principles are supplied in a single container .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sleep disturbances appear as a comorbid condition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder .", "the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of activity levels during sleep and therapeutic response to methylphenidate ( mph ) .", "nightly sleep actigraphic recordings during a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover clinical study ( @-week of @ mg/kg mph ; @-week of placebo ) were obtained on @ children , @ to @ years old , diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( dsm-iv ) .", "significant ( p < @ ) differences between the conditions were found in several software-computed parameters : sleep onset latency ( mph , @ minutes ; placebo , @ minutes ) , sleep efficiency ( mph , @ % ; placebo , @ % ) , total sleep time ( mph , @ hours ; @ minutes ; placebo , @ hours , @ minutes ) .", "no significant differences on any of these measures were found among the @ subjects who showed a moderate or large global improvement on mph over placebo compared with @ subjects who showed mild or no clinical improvement .", "mph , given twice daily , induces a slight but significant sleep disturbance .", "motor activity levels during sleep did not differentiate children who responded to mph from those who did not respond .", "this suggests that responders to mph treatment do not experience greater sleep disturbances than nonresponders , at least at the dose studied ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['sleep disturbances appear as a comorbid condition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder .', 'the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of activity levels during sleep and therapeutic response to methylphenidate ( mph ) .', 'nightly sleep actigraphic recordings during a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover clinical study ( @-week of @ mg/kg mph ; @-week of placebo ) were obtained on @ children , @ to @ years old , diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( dsm-iv ) .', 'significant ( p < @ ) differences between the conditions were found in several software-computed parameters : sleep onset latency ( mph , @ minutes ; placebo , @ minutes ) , sleep efficiency ( mph , @ % ; placebo , @ % ) , total sleep time ( mph , @ hours ; @ minutes ; placebo , @ hours , @ minutes ) .', 'no significant differences on any of these measures were found among the @ subjects who showed a moderate or large global improvement on mph over placebo compared with @ subjects who showed mild or no clinical improvement .', 'mph , given twice daily , induces a slight but significant sleep disturbance .', 'motor activity levels during sleep did not differentiate children who responded to mph from those who did not respond .', 'this suggests that responders to mph treatment do not experience greater sleep disturbances than nonresponders , at least at the dose studied .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pulmonary rehabilitation is effective in improving exercise performance and health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .", "however , the role of nutritional support in the enhancement of the benefits of exercise training has not been explored .", "a double blind , randomised , controlled trial of carbohydrate supplementation was undertaken in patients attending outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation .", "@ patients with copd were randomised to receive a @ kcal carbohydrate rich supplement or a non-nutritive placebo daily for the duration of a @ week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme .", "primary outcome measures were peak and submaximal exercise performance using the shuttle walk tests .", "changes in health status , body composition , muscle strength , and dietary macronutrient intake were also measured .", "patients in both the supplement and placebo groups increased shuttle walking performance and health status significantly .", "there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups in these outcomes .", "patients receiving placebo lost weight whereas supplemented patients gained weight .", "in well nourished patients ( bmi > @ kg/m ( @ ) ) improvement in incremental shuttle performance was significantly greater in the supplemented group ( mean difference between groups : @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) m , p < @ ) .", "increases in incremental shuttle performance correlated with increases in total carbohydrate intake .", "when universally prescribed , carbohydrate supplementation does not enhance the rehabilitation of patients with copd .", "this study suggests that exercise training results in negative energy balance that can be overcome by supplementation and that , in selected patients , this may improve the outcome of training .", "the finding of benefit in well nourished patients may suggest a role for nutritional supplementation beyond the treatment of weight loss in copd ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['pulmonary rehabilitation is effective in improving exercise performance and health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .', 'however , the role of nutritional support in the enhancement of the benefits of exercise training has not been explored .', 'a double blind , randomised , controlled trial of carbohydrate supplementation was undertaken in patients attending outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation .', '@ patients with copd were randomised to receive a @ kcal carbohydrate rich supplement or a non-nutritive placebo daily for the duration of a @ week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme .', 'primary outcome measures were peak and submaximal exercise performance using the shuttle walk tests .', 'changes in health status , body composition , muscle strength , and dietary macronutrient intake were also measured .', 'patients in both the supplement and placebo groups increased shuttle walking performance and health status significantly .', 'there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups in these outcomes .', 'patients receiving placebo lost weight whereas supplemented patients gained weight .', 'in well nourished patients ( bmi > @ kg/m ( @ ) ) improvement in incremental shuttle performance was significantly greater in the supplemented group ( mean difference between groups : @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) m , p < @ ) .', 'increases in incremental shuttle performance correlated with increases in total carbohydrate intake .', 'when universally prescribed , carbohydrate supplementation does not enhance the rehabilitation of patients with copd .', 'this study suggests that exercise training results in negative energy balance that can be overcome by supplementation and that , in selected patients , this may improve the outcome of training .', 'the finding of benefit in well nourished patients may suggest a role for nutritional supplementation beyond the treatment of weight loss in copd .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "two insulin regimens were used to explore acute and chronic postprandial changes in glycemia , lipemia , and metabolic markers associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease .", "an open-label , randomized , two-period crossover study ( @ weeks/period ) compared a prandial regimen [ premeal insulin lispro + bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn ( nph ) ] with a basal regimen ( twice-daily nph ) .", "there were @ patients ( @ women and @ men ; mean age = @ years ) with type @ diabetes mellitus ( mean duration = @ years ) who were randomized after a @-month lead-in with twice-daily nph treatment .", "a standard lunch test meal developed according to each patient 's caloric needs was administered at the end of each treatment period .", "insulin lispro was associated with significantly lower postprandial glucose ( area under the curve@-@ h = @ vs. @ mm/h ; p < @ ) , elevated insulin concentrations , and acutely altered lipid fractions that included an early decrease followed by an increase in free fatty acids , lower triglycerides , elevated total cholesterol , elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl ) , and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol .", "after @ weeks of treatment , insulin lispro + bedtime nph reduced hemoglobin a@c ( hba@c ; mean + / - se = @ + / -@ vs. @ + / -@ % ; p < @ ) without increasing hypoglycemia or insulin dose as compared with twice-daily nph .", "furthermore , treatment with the prandial insulin regimen resulted in lower total cholesterol , lower ldl cholesterol , and lower oxidized ldl .", "improved postprandial glycemic control , as observed in a regimen containing both prandial insulin lispro and nph as the basal insulin , is associated with significantly lower hba@c and acute modulation of lipid fractions after a test meal .", "these biochemical modifications may potentially have a favorable impact on cardiovascular risk in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['two insulin regimens were used to explore acute and chronic postprandial changes in glycemia , lipemia , and metabolic markers associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease .', 'an open-label , randomized , two-period crossover study ( @ weeks/period ) compared a prandial regimen [ premeal insulin lispro + bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn ( nph ) ] with a basal regimen ( twice-daily nph ) .', 'there were @ patients ( @ women and @ men ; mean age = @ years ) with type @ diabetes mellitus ( mean duration = @ years ) who were randomized after a @-month lead-in with twice-daily nph treatment .', \"a standard lunch test meal developed according to each patient 's caloric needs was administered at the end of each treatment period .\", 'insulin lispro was associated with significantly lower postprandial glucose ( area under the curve@-@ h = @ vs. @ mm/h ; p < @ ) , elevated insulin concentrations , and acutely altered lipid fractions that included an early decrease followed by an increase in free fatty acids , lower triglycerides , elevated total cholesterol , elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl ) , and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol .', 'after @ weeks of treatment , insulin lispro + bedtime nph reduced hemoglobin a@c ( hba@c ; mean + / - se = @ + / -@ vs. @ + / -@ % ; p < @ ) without increasing hypoglycemia or insulin dose as compared with twice-daily nph .', 'furthermore , treatment with the prandial insulin regimen resulted in lower total cholesterol , lower ldl cholesterol , and lower oxidized ldl .', 'improved postprandial glycemic control , as observed in a regimen containing both prandial insulin lispro and nph as the basal insulin , is associated with significantly lower hba@c and acute modulation of lipid fractions after a test meal .', 'these biochemical modifications may potentially have a favorable impact on cardiovascular risk in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we studied the effect of a diet supplementation with fish oil in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy in order to evaluate whether abnormal transcapillary escape rate of albumin and procoagulant activity in these patients could be modified .", "a double-blind , randomized , controlled study was carried out at a tertiary referral centre .", "the subjects were @ insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy .", "one year of fish oil supplementation ( @ g n-@ fatty acids/day ) was compared with placebo ( olive oil ) .", "the main outcome measures were n-@ fatty acid proportions of platelet lipids , transcapillary escape rate of albumin , prothrombin fragment @ + @ , thrombin-antithrombin complexes , markers of fibrinolysis , fibrinogen , factor vii antigen and activity , thrombomodulin , von willebrand factor , platelet factor @ and beta-thromboglobulin .", "these were measured every @ months .", "neither transcapillary escape rate of albumin ( @ ( median ) ( @-@ @ ) ( range ) % vs. @ ( @-@ @ ) % ) nor prothrombin fragment @ + @ ( @ ( @-@ @ ) nmol/l vs. @ ( @-@ @ ) nmol/l ) changed after @ months of fish oil supplementation .", "increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin and activity could not be modified during diet supplementation with fish oil in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we studied the effect of a diet supplementation with fish oil in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy in order to evaluate whether abnormal transcapillary escape rate of albumin and procoagulant activity in these patients could be modified .', 'a double-blind , randomized , controlled study was carried out at a tertiary referral centre .', 'the subjects were @ insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy .', 'one year of fish oil supplementation ( @ g n-@ fatty acids/day ) was compared with placebo ( olive oil ) .', 'the main outcome measures were n-@ fatty acid proportions of platelet lipids , transcapillary escape rate of albumin , prothrombin fragment @ + @ , thrombin-antithrombin complexes , markers of fibrinolysis , fibrinogen , factor vii antigen and activity , thrombomodulin , von willebrand factor , platelet factor @ and beta-thromboglobulin .', 'these were measured every @ months .', 'neither transcapillary escape rate of albumin ( @ ( median ) ( @-@ @ ) ( range ) % vs. @ ( @-@ @ ) % ) nor prothrombin fragment @ + @ ( @ ( @-@ @ ) nmol/l vs. @ ( @-@ @ ) nmol/l ) changed after @ months of fish oil supplementation .', 'increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin and activity could not be modified during diet supplementation with fish oil in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention for weight gain management in severe mental disorders .", "an open , multicentre interventional study was conducted in @ mental health services .", "patients concerned with weight gain were included in this study and received a @-week @-hour group intervention focused on nutrition counseling , lifestyle , physical activity and self-esteem .", "weight , waist circumference and blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention .", "@,@ patients were enrolled in the study , and @ % completed the @-week intervention .", "significant weight loss ( mean difference : @ , ci @ % : @ to @ , p = @ ) and a significant bmi reduction ( mean difference : @ , ci @ % : @ to @ , p = @ ) were observed .", "during the intervention @ ( @ % ) patients lost > @ % of their initial weight , @ ( @ % ) maintained their weight , and @ ( @ % ) of the patients had a meaningful weight gain ( > @ % ) .", "there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients undertaking physical activity after the intervention ( @ % , p < @ ) .", "in this @-month open study we found a small weight and waist reduction , and increased physical activity practice , suggesting a trend towards anthropometric profile improvement .", "however , further randomized-controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and clinical relevance of this psychosocial intervention for weight gain ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological intervention for weight gain management in severe mental disorders .', 'an open , multicentre interventional study was conducted in @ mental health services .', 'patients concerned with weight gain were included in this study and received a @-week @-hour group intervention focused on nutrition counseling , lifestyle , physical activity and self-esteem .', 'weight , waist circumference and blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention .', '@,@ patients were enrolled in the study , and @ % completed the @-week intervention .', 'significant weight loss ( mean difference : @ , ci @ % : @ to @ , p = @ ) and a significant bmi reduction ( mean difference : @ , ci @ % : @ to @ , p = @ ) were observed .', 'during the intervention @ ( @ % ) patients lost > @ % of their initial weight , @ ( @ % ) maintained their weight , and @ ( @ % ) of the patients had a meaningful weight gain ( > @ % ) .', 'there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients undertaking physical activity after the intervention ( @ % , p < @ ) .', 'in this @-month open study we found a small weight and waist reduction , and increased physical activity practice , suggesting a trend towards anthropometric profile improvement .', 'however , further randomized-controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and clinical relevance of this psychosocial intervention for weight gain .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is controversy regarding the nervous control of retinal blood vessels in humans .", "most in vitro studies indicate that the intraocular part of the central retinal artery lacks autonomic innervation .", "we investigated the response of retinal vessels to isometric exercise during blockade of beta-receptors ( propranolol ) or muscarinic receptors ( atropine ) .", "twelve healthy subjects performed squatting for @ min during infusion of either propranolol atropine or placebo .", "blood pressure and pulse rate were measured non-invasively .", "retinal vessel diameters were measured continuously using the zeiss retinal vessel analyser .", "squatting induced a significant increase in blood pressure and pulse rate , which was paralleled by a decrease in retinal vein and artery diameters .", "atropine did not change the retinal vessel response to isometric exercise .", "propranolol significantly blunted the exercise-induced vasoconstriction in retinal arteries .", "this result likely indicates propranolol-evoked vasoconstriction in the extraocular parts of the central retinal artery during isometric exercise ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['there is controversy regarding the nervous control of retinal blood vessels in humans .', 'most in vitro studies indicate that the intraocular part of the central retinal artery lacks autonomic innervation .', 'we investigated the response of retinal vessels to isometric exercise during blockade of beta-receptors ( propranolol ) or muscarinic receptors ( atropine ) .', 'twelve healthy subjects performed squatting for @ min during infusion of either propranolol atropine or placebo .', 'blood pressure and pulse rate were measured non-invasively .', 'retinal vessel diameters were measured continuously using the zeiss retinal vessel analyser .', 'squatting induced a significant increase in blood pressure and pulse rate , which was paralleled by a decrease in retinal vein and artery diameters .', 'atropine did not change the retinal vessel response to isometric exercise .', 'propranolol significantly blunted the exercise-induced vasoconstriction in retinal arteries .', 'this result likely indicates propranolol-evoked vasoconstriction in the extraocular parts of the central retinal artery during isometric exercise .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a new gait training strategy for patients with stroke seeks to increase walking speed through treadmill training .", "this study compares the effects of structured speed-dependent treadmill training ( stt ) ( with the use of an interval paradigm to increase the treadmill speed stepwise according to principles of sport physiology ) with limited progressive treadmill training ( ltt ) and conventional gait training ( cgt ) on clinical outcome measures for patients with hemiparesis .", "sixty ambulatory poststroke patients were each randomly selected to receive @ of the @ different gait therapies : @ subjects were treated with stt , @ subjects were trained to walk on a treadmill with a @ % increase of belt speed over the treatment period ( ltt ) , and @ subjects were treated with cgt .", "treatment outcomes were assessed on the basis of overground walking speed , cadence , stride length , and functional ambulation category scores .", "after a @-week training period , the stt group scored significantly higher than the ltt and cgt groups for overground walking speed ( stt versus ltt , p < @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , cadence ( stt versus ltt , p = @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , stride length ( stt versus ltt , p < @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , and functional ambulation category scores ( stt versus ltt , p = @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) .", "structured stt in poststroke patients resulted in better walking abilities than ltt or cgt .", "this gait training strategy provides a dynamic and integrative approach for the treatment of gait dysfunction after stroke ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a new gait training strategy for patients with stroke seeks to increase walking speed through treadmill training .', 'this study compares the effects of structured speed-dependent treadmill training ( stt ) ( with the use of an interval paradigm to increase the treadmill speed stepwise according to principles of sport physiology ) with limited progressive treadmill training ( ltt ) and conventional gait training ( cgt ) on clinical outcome measures for patients with hemiparesis .', 'sixty ambulatory poststroke patients were each randomly selected to receive @ of the @ different gait therapies : @ subjects were treated with stt , @ subjects were trained to walk on a treadmill with a @ % increase of belt speed over the treatment period ( ltt ) , and @ subjects were treated with cgt .', 'treatment outcomes were assessed on the basis of overground walking speed , cadence , stride length , and functional ambulation category scores .', 'after a @-week training period , the stt group scored significantly higher than the ltt and cgt groups for overground walking speed ( stt versus ltt , p < @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , cadence ( stt versus ltt , p = @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , stride length ( stt versus ltt , p < @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) , and functional ambulation category scores ( stt versus ltt , p = @ ; stt versus cgt , p < @ ) .', 'structured stt in poststroke patients resulted in better walking abilities than ltt or cgt .', 'this gait training strategy provides a dynamic and integrative approach for the treatment of gait dysfunction after stroke .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome , characterized by confusion , agitation , and hallucinations , decreases the safety of patients with acute myocardial infarction .", "unexpected hospitalization and sudden cessation of alcohol consumption may increase in-hospital complications and length of stay and even precipitate death .", "to perform a randomized evaluation of lorazepam and ethanol/lorazepam to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these @ strategies for preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndromes .", "patients ( n = @ ) with myocardial infarction were screened for alcohol dependence by using the cage questionnaire and randomized to treatment with lorazepam or ethanol with lorazepam .", "demographics and complication rates were analyzed by using tests ( categorical variables ) and t tests ( continuous variables ) .", "safety ( composite complication rates ) of the treatment strategy was evaluated by using the fisher exact test , and length of stay by using the wilcoxon rank-sum test .", "safety-associated complication rates ( self-extubation , delirium tremens , reinfarction ) did not differ between groups ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) .", "days spent in the cardiac intensive care unit ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) and overall hospital stay ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) did not differ between the @ groups .", "these preliminary findings suggest that a randomized evaluation of treatment strategies to prevent complications associated with alcohol withdrawal in patients with acute myocardial infarction is safe and feasible ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['alcohol withdrawal syndrome , characterized by confusion , agitation , and hallucinations , decreases the safety of patients with acute myocardial infarction .', 'unexpected hospitalization and sudden cessation of alcohol consumption may increase in-hospital complications and length of stay and even precipitate death .', 'to perform a randomized evaluation of lorazepam and ethanol/lorazepam to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these @ strategies for preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndromes .', 'patients ( n = @ ) with myocardial infarction were screened for alcohol dependence by using the cage questionnaire and randomized to treatment with lorazepam or ethanol with lorazepam .', 'demographics and complication rates were analyzed by using tests ( categorical variables ) and t tests ( continuous variables ) .', 'safety ( composite complication rates ) of the treatment strategy was evaluated by using the fisher exact test , and length of stay by using the wilcoxon rank-sum test .', 'safety-associated complication rates ( self-extubation , delirium tremens , reinfarction ) did not differ between groups ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) .', 'days spent in the cardiac intensive care unit ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) and overall hospital stay ( @ % lorazepam vs @ % ethanol ; p = @ ) did not differ between the @ groups .', 'these preliminary findings suggest that a randomized evaluation of treatment strategies to prevent complications associated with alcohol withdrawal in patients with acute myocardial infarction is safe and feasible .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "METHODS", "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a controlled randomized clinical trial was performed .", "to investigate the effect of a light mobilization program on the duration of sick leave for patients with subacute low back pain .", "early intervention with information , diagnostics , and light mobilization may be a cost-effective method for returning patients quickly to normal activity .", "in this experiment , patients were referred to a low back pain clinic and given this simple and systematic program as an outpatient treatment .", "in this study , @ patients sick-listed @ to @ weeks for low back pain , as recorded by the national insurance offices , were randomized into two groups : an intervention group ( n = @ ) and a control group ( n = @ ) .", "the intervention group was examined at a spine clinic and given information and advice to stay active .", "the control group was not examined at the clinic , but was treated with conventional primary health care .", "at @-month follow-up assessment , @ % in the intervention group had returned to full-duty work , as compared with @ % in the control group .", "early intervention with examination , information , and recommendations to stay active showed significant effects in reducing sick leave for patients with low back pain ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a controlled randomized clinical trial was performed .', 'to investigate the effect of a light mobilization program on the duration of sick leave for patients with subacute low back pain .', 'early intervention with information , diagnostics , and light mobilization may be a cost-effective method for returning patients quickly to normal activity .', 'in this experiment , patients were referred to a low back pain clinic and given this simple and systematic program as an outpatient treatment .', 'in this study , @ patients sick-listed @ to @ weeks for low back pain , as recorded by the national insurance offices , were randomized into two groups : an intervention group ( n = @ ) and a control group ( n = @ ) .', 'the intervention group was examined at a spine clinic and given information and advice to stay active .', 'the control group was not examined at the clinic , but was treated with conventional primary health care .', 'at @-month follow-up assessment , @ % in the intervention group had returned to full-duty work , as compared with @ % in the control group .', 'early intervention with examination , information , and recommendations to stay active showed significant effects in reducing sick leave for patients with low back pain .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the potential association between dopamine transporter ( dat ) genotype , single photon emission ct ( spect ) measures using [ @i ] - n-omega-fluoropropyl-@beta-carbomethoxy-@beta - ( @-iodophenyl ) nortropane ( [ @i ] - fp-cit ) of striatal dopaminergic function , and oral levodopa response pattern in a cohort of patients with parkinson disease .", "thirty-six patients at different disease stages enrolled in the study .", "each patient was examined by [ @i ] - fp-cit spect and a standardized oral levodopa test on @ separate days in a randomized order within @ weeks .", "the main outcome variables were the specific-to-nonspecific tracer uptake ratio in the contralateral putamen for spect analysis ; latency , duration , and magnitude of the motor effect ; and presence of dyskinesias for the levodopa test .", "the variable number of tandem repeat ( vntr ) polymorphisms of the gene coding for dat were detected for each patient by standard methods .", "contralateral putamen [ @i ] - fp-cit uptake ratios were similar in the patients carrying the @-copy allele ( n = @ ) of the dat vntr compared with @-repeat homozygotes ( n = @ ) .", "no significant difference was found in levodopa main outcome variables and dyskinesia incidence between the two groups of patients stratified by dat vntr polymorphism .", "the study did not identify clinically relevant in vivo dat neurochemical function phenotypes or levodopa response patterns associated with the dat polymorphism ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the potential association between dopamine transporter ( dat ) genotype , single photon emission ct ( spect ) measures using [ @i ] - n-omega-fluoropropyl-@beta-carbomethoxy-@beta - ( @-iodophenyl ) nortropane ( [ @i ] - fp-cit ) of striatal dopaminergic function , and oral levodopa response pattern in a cohort of patients with parkinson disease .', 'thirty-six patients at different disease stages enrolled in the study .', 'each patient was examined by [ @i ] - fp-cit spect and a standardized oral levodopa test on @ separate days in a randomized order within @ weeks .', 'the main outcome variables were the specific-to-nonspecific tracer uptake ratio in the contralateral putamen for spect analysis ; latency , duration , and magnitude of the motor effect ; and presence of dyskinesias for the levodopa test .', 'the variable number of tandem repeat ( vntr ) polymorphisms of the gene coding for dat were detected for each patient by standard methods .', 'contralateral putamen [ @i ] - fp-cit uptake ratios were similar in the patients carrying the @-copy allele ( n = @ ) of the dat vntr compared with @-repeat homozygotes ( n = @ ) .', 'no significant difference was found in levodopa main outcome variables and dyskinesia incidence between the two groups of patients stratified by dat vntr polymorphism .', 'the study did not identify clinically relevant in vivo dat neurochemical function phenotypes or levodopa response patterns associated with the dat polymorphism .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "most dialysis patients develop pruritus , for which current treatment is unsatisfactory .", "endogenous opioids may be involved in this pruritus .", "we studied the effect of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on the pruritus of haemodialysis patients .", "naltrexone @ mg per day by mouth was given to @ haemodialysis patients with severe resistant pruritus in a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover trial .", "the naltrexone or placebo periods lasted @ days each with a @-day washout between the two periods .", "pruritus was assessed by the patients on a visual analogue scale from @ ( no pruritus ) to @ ( maximum ) , and mean daily scores were calculated .", "plasma histamine and beta-endorphin levels were measured , and spontaneous and stimulated basophil histamine-release were determined .", "the median pruritus scores at the end of the naltrexone treatment were @ ( interquartile range @-@ @ ) for the naltrexone-placebo sequence and @ ( @-@ @ ) for the placebo-naltrexone sequence .", "the respective values before naltrexone was given were @ ( @-@ @ ) and @ ( @-@ @ ) .", "plasma beta-endorphin levels were normal and remained unchanged during the study .", "plasma histamine levels were high ( mean @ [ sd @ ] ng/ml , normal < @ ) and decreased after naltrexone ( to @ [ @ ] , p < @ ) .", "basophils from haemodialysis patients stimulated by interleukin-@ plus ige antibodies released high amounts of histamine .", "the increase was @ ( @ ) % compared with @ ( @ ) % for five normal controls ( p < @ ) .", "incubation of the basophils with naloxone , another opioid antagonist , prevented this effect .", "our data suggest short-term efficacy with few side-effects for the amelioration of uraemic pruritus with naltrexone ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['most dialysis patients develop pruritus , for which current treatment is unsatisfactory .', 'endogenous opioids may be involved in this pruritus .', 'we studied the effect of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on the pruritus of haemodialysis patients .', 'naltrexone @ mg per day by mouth was given to @ haemodialysis patients with severe resistant pruritus in a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover trial .', 'the naltrexone or placebo periods lasted @ days each with a @-day washout between the two periods .', 'pruritus was assessed by the patients on a visual analogue scale from @ ( no pruritus ) to @ ( maximum ) , and mean daily scores were calculated .', 'plasma histamine and beta-endorphin levels were measured , and spontaneous and stimulated basophil histamine-release were determined .', 'the median pruritus scores at the end of the naltrexone treatment were @ ( interquartile range @-@ @ ) for the naltrexone-placebo sequence and @ ( @-@ @ ) for the placebo-naltrexone sequence .', 'the respective values before naltrexone was given were @ ( @-@ @ ) and @ ( @-@ @ ) .', 'plasma beta-endorphin levels were normal and remained unchanged during the study .', 'plasma histamine levels were high ( mean @ [ sd @ ] ng/ml , normal < @ ) and decreased after naltrexone ( to @ [ @ ] , p < @ ) .', 'basophils from haemodialysis patients stimulated by interleukin-@ plus ige antibodies released high amounts of histamine .', 'the increase was @ ( @ ) % compared with @ ( @ ) % for five normal controls ( p < @ ) .', 'incubation of the basophils with naloxone , another opioid antagonist , prevented this effect .', 'our data suggest short-term efficacy with few side-effects for the amelioration of uraemic pruritus with naltrexone .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) has been recognized recently as an important adult pathogen .", "this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was designed to compare humoral responses to licensed trivalent influenza vaccine given concomitantly with @ of @ rsv vaccine formulations in persons > or = @ years old with cardiopulmonary disease .", "hemagglutinin-inhibition assays and neutralization assays were used to measure levels of antibody to influenza and rsv , respectively .", "subjects with respiratory illnesses during subsequent winters were tested for rsv and influenza by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and serologic analysis .", "neither rsv vaccine formulation had an effect on the humoral response to influenza vaccination , and both rsv vaccines were well tolerated by @ participants .", "the immunogenicity of the nonadjuvanted vaccine was judged superior on the basis of mean postvaccination neutralizing antibody titers ( @ vs. @ ) and the percentage of subjects for whom > or = @-fold increases in neutralizing titer were observed when acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples were compared ( @ [ @ % ] of @ vs. @ [ @ % ] of @ ) .", "in year @ , the percentage of illnesses due to rsv was @ % ( @ of @ illnesses ) and that due to influenza was @ % ( @ of @ ) , compared with @ % ( @ of @ ) due to rsv and @ % ( @ of @ ) due to influenza in year @ .", "the incidence of rsv infection was not significantly different in the rsv vaccine and placebo groups .", "although the safety and immunogenicity data of these rsv vaccines are encouraging , low rates of infection make it challenging to design efficacy trials ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) has been recognized recently as an important adult pathogen .', 'this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was designed to compare humoral responses to licensed trivalent influenza vaccine given concomitantly with @ of @ rsv vaccine formulations in persons > or = @ years old with cardiopulmonary disease .', 'hemagglutinin-inhibition assays and neutralization assays were used to measure levels of antibody to influenza and rsv , respectively .', 'subjects with respiratory illnesses during subsequent winters were tested for rsv and influenza by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and serologic analysis .', 'neither rsv vaccine formulation had an effect on the humoral response to influenza vaccination , and both rsv vaccines were well tolerated by @ participants .', 'the immunogenicity of the nonadjuvanted vaccine was judged superior on the basis of mean postvaccination neutralizing antibody titers ( @ vs. @ ) and the percentage of subjects for whom > or = @-fold increases in neutralizing titer were observed when acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples were compared ( @ [ @ % ] of @ vs. @ [ @ % ] of @ ) .', 'in year @ , the percentage of illnesses due to rsv was @ % ( @ of @ illnesses ) and that due to influenza was @ % ( @ of @ ) , compared with @ % ( @ of @ ) due to rsv and @ % ( @ of @ ) due to influenza in year @ .', 'the incidence of rsv infection was not significantly different in the rsv vaccine and placebo groups .', 'although the safety and immunogenicity data of these rsv vaccines are encouraging , low rates of infection make it challenging to design efficacy trials .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in this paper , we aim to test the long-term benefit of an integrative reactivation and rehabilitation ( irr ) program compared to usual care in terms of improved psychogeriatric patients on multiple psychiatric symptoms ( mps ) and of caregivers on burden and competence .", "improvement was defined as > @ % improvement ( a half standard deviation ) compared to baseline .", "we used the following outcome variables : difference in the number of improved patients on mps ( neuropsychiatric inventory , npi ) and improved caregivers on burden ( caregiver burden , cb ) and competence ( caregiver competence list , ccl ) .", "assessments were taken after intake ( t@ ) and after six months of follow-up ( t@ ) .", "risk ratios ( rr ) , number needed to treat ( nnt ) , and odds ratios ( ors ) were calculated .", "irr had a significant positive effect on npi-cluster hyperactivity ( rr @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; nnt @ ) .", "in the complete cases analysis , irr showed significant ors of @ on the number of npi symptoms and @ on the npi-sum-severity ; up to @ % improved patients .", "for caregivers , competence was a significant beneficiary in irr ( rr @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; nnt @ ) .", "in the complete cases analysis , the ors were significantly in favor of irr on general burden and competence ( ors range : @-@ @ ) , with up to @ % improved caregivers .", "irr showed a significantly higher probability of improvement with a small nnt of four on multiple psychiatric symptoms in psychogeriatric patients .", "the same applies to the higher probability to improve general burden and competence of the caregiver with an nnt of five .", "the results were even more pronounced for those who fully completed the irr program .", "( inter ) national psychogeriatric nursing home care and ambulant care programs have to incorporate integrative psychotherapeutic interventions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in this paper , we aim to test the long-term benefit of an integrative reactivation and rehabilitation ( irr ) program compared to usual care in terms of improved psychogeriatric patients on multiple psychiatric symptoms ( mps ) and of caregivers on burden and competence .', 'improvement was defined as > @ % improvement ( a half standard deviation ) compared to baseline .', 'we used the following outcome variables : difference in the number of improved patients on mps ( neuropsychiatric inventory , npi ) and improved caregivers on burden ( caregiver burden , cb ) and competence ( caregiver competence list , ccl ) .', 'assessments were taken after intake ( t@ ) and after six months of follow-up ( t@ ) .', 'risk ratios ( rr ) , number needed to treat ( nnt ) , and odds ratios ( ors ) were calculated .', 'irr had a significant positive effect on npi-cluster hyperactivity ( rr @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; nnt @ ) .', 'in the complete cases analysis , irr showed significant ors of @ on the number of npi symptoms and @ on the npi-sum-severity ; up to @ % improved patients .', 'for caregivers , competence was a significant beneficiary in irr ( rr @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; nnt @ ) .', 'in the complete cases analysis , the ors were significantly in favor of irr on general burden and competence ( ors range : @-@ @ ) , with up to @ % improved caregivers .', 'irr showed a significantly higher probability of improvement with a small nnt of four on multiple psychiatric symptoms in psychogeriatric patients .', 'the same applies to the higher probability to improve general burden and competence of the caregiver with an nnt of five .', 'the results were even more pronounced for those who fully completed the irr program .', '( inter ) national psychogeriatric nursing home care and ambulant care programs have to incorporate integrative psychotherapeutic interventions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the safety and efficacy of intraosseous lidocaine ( il ) , in comparison with iv nalbuphine and propacetamol ( np ) for analgesia during percutaneous vertebroplasty ( pv ) in order to avoid general anesthesia in elderly patients .", "patients ( age @ + / - @ yr , weight @ + / - @ kg ) undergoing pv for osteoporotic fractures were randomized prospectively into two groups : np ( n = @ ) and il ( n = @ ) .", "all patients were premedicated ( oral hydroxyzine @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) and had skin infiltration with @ ml of @ % lidocaine prior to vertebral puncture .", "thirty minutes before the procedure , group np received , in a blinded manner , @ ml of iv nalbuphine ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) and propacetamol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) while group il received @ ml of iv saline .", "during vertebral puncture , groups np and il received , in a blinded manner , @ ml @ kg ( -@ ) of intraosseous saline and @ % lidocaine respectively .", "pain was assessed during vertebral puncture and cement injection with a four-point verbal rating scale .", "additionally , lidocaine plasma kinetics were obtained in @ il patients .", "analgesic efficacy was similar in the il and np groups ( @ vs @ % ) .", "group np had more side effects .", "lidocaine peak recorded concentration was @ + / - @ microg.ml ( -@ ) i.e. , about three times less than the reported toxic limits .", "il is as effective as the association of iv np for analgesia in pv .", "however , considering that both protocols were insufficient in about @ % of cases , other modalities are needed to further improve analgesia and avoid general anesthesia during vertebroplasty ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the safety and efficacy of intraosseous lidocaine ( il ) , in comparison with iv nalbuphine and propacetamol ( np ) for analgesia during percutaneous vertebroplasty ( pv ) in order to avoid general anesthesia in elderly patients .', 'patients ( age @ + / - @ yr , weight @ + / - @ kg ) undergoing pv for osteoporotic fractures were randomized prospectively into two groups : np ( n = @ ) and il ( n = @ ) .', 'all patients were premedicated ( oral hydroxyzine @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) and had skin infiltration with @ ml of @ % lidocaine prior to vertebral puncture .', 'thirty minutes before the procedure , group np received , in a blinded manner , @ ml of iv nalbuphine ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) and propacetamol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) while group il received @ ml of iv saline .', 'during vertebral puncture , groups np and il received , in a blinded manner , @ ml @ kg ( -@ ) of intraosseous saline and @ % lidocaine respectively .', 'pain was assessed during vertebral puncture and cement injection with a four-point verbal rating scale .', 'additionally , lidocaine plasma kinetics were obtained in @ il patients .', 'analgesic efficacy was similar in the il and np groups ( @ vs @ % ) .', 'group np had more side effects .', 'lidocaine peak recorded concentration was @ + / - @ microg.ml ( -@ ) i.e. , about three times less than the reported toxic limits .', 'il is as effective as the association of iv np for analgesia in pv .', 'however , considering that both protocols were insufficient in about @ % of cases , other modalities are needed to further improve analgesia and avoid general anesthesia during vertebroplasty .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mitral regurgitation ( mr ) has been associated with adverse outcomes after myocardial infarction ( mi ) .", "without structural valve disease , functional mr has been related to left ventricular ( lv ) remodeling and geometric deformation of the mitral apparatus .", "the aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanistic components of mr after high-risk mi and to identify predictors of mr progression during follow-up .", "the valsartan in acute myocardial infarction echo substudy prospectively enrolled @ patients with lv dysfunction , heart failure , or both after mi .", "mr at baseline , @ month , and @ months was quantified by mapping jet expansion in the left atrium in @ patients with good-quality echocardiograms .", "indices of lv remodeling , left atrial size , and diastolic function and parameters of mitral valve deformation , including tenting area , coaptation depth , anterior leaflet concavity , annular diameters , and contractility , were assessed and related to baseline mr. the progression of mr was further analyzed , and predictors of worsening among the baseline characteristics were identified .", "tenting area , coaptation depth , annular dilatation , and left atrial size were all associated with the degree of baseline mr. tenting area was the only significant and independent predictor of worsening mr ; a tenting area of @ cm ( @ ) was a useful cutoff to identify worsening of mr after mi and moderate to severe mr after @ months .", "increased mitral tenting and larger mitral annular area are determinants of mr degree at baseline , and tenting area is an independent predictor of progression of mr after mi .", "although lv remodeling itself contributes to ischemic mr , this influence is directly dependent on alterations in mitral geometry ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['mitral regurgitation ( mr ) has been associated with adverse outcomes after myocardial infarction ( mi ) .', 'without structural valve disease , functional mr has been related to left ventricular ( lv ) remodeling and geometric deformation of the mitral apparatus .', 'the aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanistic components of mr after high-risk mi and to identify predictors of mr progression during follow-up .', 'the valsartan in acute myocardial infarction echo substudy prospectively enrolled @ patients with lv dysfunction , heart failure , or both after mi .', 'mr at baseline , @ month , and @ months was quantified by mapping jet expansion in the left atrium in @ patients with good-quality echocardiograms .', 'indices of lv remodeling , left atrial size , and diastolic function and parameters of mitral valve deformation , including tenting area , coaptation depth , anterior leaflet concavity , annular diameters , and contractility , were assessed and related to baseline mr. the progression of mr was further analyzed , and predictors of worsening among the baseline characteristics were identified .', 'tenting area , coaptation depth , annular dilatation , and left atrial size were all associated with the degree of baseline mr. tenting area was the only significant and independent predictor of worsening mr ; a tenting area of @ cm ( @ ) was a useful cutoff to identify worsening of mr after mi and moderate to severe mr after @ months .', 'increased mitral tenting and larger mitral annular area are determinants of mr degree at baseline , and tenting area is an independent predictor of progression of mr after mi .', 'although lv remodeling itself contributes to ischemic mr , this influence is directly dependent on alterations in mitral geometry .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the anesthesia properities of hyperbaric bupivacaine with those of isobaric and hypobaric solutions when administered in the supine position undergoing hip surgery or lower limb surgery using continuous spinal anesthesia .", "sixty patients ( asa i approximately iii ) scheduled for hip or lower limb surgery were randomly divided into @ groups with @ patients in each group : group a : @ % hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions ; group b :@ % isobaric bupivacaine solutions ; and group c : @ % hypobaric bupivacaine solutions .", "the following variables were measured every @ minutes during the first @ minutes after the intrathecal injection : the onset time of sensation block , the highest plane of analgesia , the time to reach complete motor blockade , and the plane of analgesia and the extent of lower extremities ' movement ( modified bromage score , bms ) at different time after the administration .", "meanwhile the changes of hemodynamics were recorded .", "there was no statistical difference among the basic conditions ( p > @ ) .", "the onset time of sensation block , and the time to reach complete motor blockade , and the time receiving the highest sharp pain sensory block in group a were significantly shorter than those in group b and group c ( p < @ ) .", "the plane of analgesia obtained in the hyperbaric group was significantly higher than in both the isobaric and the hypobaric groups ( p < @ ) .", "the mean arterial pressure ( map ) , hr in the hyperbaric group decreased significantly after the intrathecal injection ( p < @ ) .", "the @ % isobaric bupivacaine used during contiuous spinal anesthesia in the supine position produces a suitable and a more `` controllable '' anesthesia , but a minimum dosage of @ approximately @ mg is required to obtain adequate anesthesic conditions with moderate hemodynamic changes and satisfying analgesia effects .", "under similar conditions , @ % hyperbaric bupivacaine produces major hemodynamic consequences with high cephalad spread and @ % hypobaric bupivacaine has a too long onset time ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the anesthesia properities of hyperbaric bupivacaine with those of isobaric and hypobaric solutions when administered in the supine position undergoing hip surgery or lower limb surgery using continuous spinal anesthesia .', 'sixty patients ( asa i approximately iii ) scheduled for hip or lower limb surgery were randomly divided into @ groups with @ patients in each group : group a : @ % hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions ; group b :@ % isobaric bupivacaine solutions ; and group c : @ % hypobaric bupivacaine solutions .', \"the following variables were measured every @ minutes during the first @ minutes after the intrathecal injection : the onset time of sensation block , the highest plane of analgesia , the time to reach complete motor blockade , and the plane of analgesia and the extent of lower extremities ' movement ( modified bromage score , bms ) at different time after the administration .\", 'meanwhile the changes of hemodynamics were recorded .', 'there was no statistical difference among the basic conditions ( p > @ ) .', 'the onset time of sensation block , and the time to reach complete motor blockade , and the time receiving the highest sharp pain sensory block in group a were significantly shorter than those in group b and group c ( p < @ ) .', 'the plane of analgesia obtained in the hyperbaric group was significantly higher than in both the isobaric and the hypobaric groups ( p < @ ) .', 'the mean arterial pressure ( map ) , hr in the hyperbaric group decreased significantly after the intrathecal injection ( p < @ ) .', \"the @ % isobaric bupivacaine used during contiuous spinal anesthesia in the supine position produces a suitable and a more `` controllable '' anesthesia , but a minimum dosage of @ approximately @ mg is required to obtain adequate anesthesic conditions with moderate hemodynamic changes and satisfying analgesia effects .\", 'under similar conditions , @ % hyperbaric bupivacaine produces major hemodynamic consequences with high cephalad spread and @ % hypobaric bupivacaine has a too long onset time .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the mechanisms by which behavioral therapies for substance use disorders ( suds ) exert their effects and the components of treatment that contribute most to substance use outcome remain unclear .", "disruptions to aspects of impulse control and attention have been hypothesized to contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction ; moreover , alterations in these processes may underlie responses to treatment .", "individuals participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for substance abuse participated in fmri stroop before and after treatment .", "a non-substance-using comparison group performed the same task under test-retest conditions .", "the patient group demonstrated decreased stroop-related bold signal in regions including the anterior cingulate , inferior frontal gyrus and midbrain at post-treatment relative to pre-treatment , and displayed a greater decrease in the subthalamic nucleus and surrounding regions compared to healthy controls following test-retest .", "behavioral therapies may be associated with reduction in substance use and effects on neural systems involved in cognitive control , impulsivity , motivation and attention ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the mechanisms by which behavioral therapies for substance use disorders ( suds ) exert their effects and the components of treatment that contribute most to substance use outcome remain unclear .', 'disruptions to aspects of impulse control and attention have been hypothesized to contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction ; moreover , alterations in these processes may underlie responses to treatment .', 'individuals participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for substance abuse participated in fmri stroop before and after treatment .', 'a non-substance-using comparison group performed the same task under test-retest conditions .', 'the patient group demonstrated decreased stroop-related bold signal in regions including the anterior cingulate , inferior frontal gyrus and midbrain at post-treatment relative to pre-treatment , and displayed a greater decrease in the subthalamic nucleus and surrounding regions compared to healthy controls following test-retest .', 'behavioral therapies may be associated with reduction in substance use and effects on neural systems involved in cognitive control , impulsivity , motivation and attention .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "local anesthetic injection after elicitation of a distal motor response with a nerve stimulator is believed to produce a more clinically efficient infraclavicular coracoid block than after elicitation of a proximal motor response .", "the aim of this study was to investigate whether elicitation of a median or of a musculocutaneous-type nerve response influenced the quality of anesthesia .", "randomized , prospective , single-blind study .", "one hundred thirty patients received a coracoid block with @ ml plain mepivacaine @ % after stimulation of median nerve fibers ( group @ ) or musculocutaneous nerve fibers ( group @ ) .", "patients were assessed for sensory and motor block at @ and @ minutes .", "significantly higher rates of complete anesthesia at @ minutes were found in the cutaneous distributions of the radial and ulnar nerves in group @ .", "significantly higher rates of complete paralysis were found for elbow extension , wrist flexion , and finger and thumb movements in group @ at @ minutes .", "differences in the extent of anesthesia and paralysis were more remarkable at @ minutes than at @ minutes .", "elicitation of a median nerve response improved the efficacy of infraclavicular coracoid block when compared with a musculocutaneous nerve response .", "complete paralysis and complete anesthesia of the upper limb were low in both groups ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['local anesthetic injection after elicitation of a distal motor response with a nerve stimulator is believed to produce a more clinically efficient infraclavicular coracoid block than after elicitation of a proximal motor response .', 'the aim of this study was to investigate whether elicitation of a median or of a musculocutaneous-type nerve response influenced the quality of anesthesia .', 'randomized , prospective , single-blind study .', 'one hundred thirty patients received a coracoid block with @ ml plain mepivacaine @ % after stimulation of median nerve fibers ( group @ ) or musculocutaneous nerve fibers ( group @ ) .', 'patients were assessed for sensory and motor block at @ and @ minutes .', 'significantly higher rates of complete anesthesia at @ minutes were found in the cutaneous distributions of the radial and ulnar nerves in group @ .', 'significantly higher rates of complete paralysis were found for elbow extension , wrist flexion , and finger and thumb movements in group @ at @ minutes .', 'differences in the extent of anesthesia and paralysis were more remarkable at @ minutes than at @ minutes .', 'elicitation of a median nerve response improved the efficacy of infraclavicular coracoid block when compared with a musculocutaneous nerve response .', 'complete paralysis and complete anesthesia of the upper limb were low in both groups .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "some research has shown that ambroxol can alleviate lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) .", "however , whether ambroxol has protective effects against cpb-induced renal injury remains unknown .", "this study investigated the effect of ambroxol on renal function in children undergoing cpb .", "forty children at ages of @-@ years with cardiac function class i or ii and weighing @-@ kg , underwent repair of ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) under cpb .", "they were randomly divided into two groups ( n = @ each ) : control and ambroxol-treated .", "the children in the ambroxol-treated group received ambroxol of @ mg/kg in @ ml normal saline by intravenous injection after skin incision .", "the control group received @ ml of normal saline instead .", "serum concentrations of urea nitrogen ( bun ) , beta ( @ ) - microglobulin ( beta ( @ ) - mg ) and creatinine ( cr ) and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg , retinol-binding-protein ( rbp ) and n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase ( nag ) were measured before operation , and @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation .", "serum cr and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg concentrations @ hrs after operation , serum beta ( @ ) - mg concentration @ and @ hrs after operation , urinary rbp concentration @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation , and urinary nag concentration @ , @ and @ hrs after operation in the control and the ambroxol-treated groups increased significantly as compared with their baseline values ( before operation ) ( p < @ ) .", "serum cr concentration @ hrs after operation , serum beta ( @ ) - mg and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg concentrations @ and @ hrs after operation , urinary rbp concentration @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation , and urinary nag concentration @ and @ hrs after operation in the ambroxol-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "ambroxol administration before cpb is effective in reducing cpb-induced renal injury in children undergoing repair of vsd .", "further research is required to understand the mechanism ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['some research has shown that ambroxol can alleviate lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) .', 'however , whether ambroxol has protective effects against cpb-induced renal injury remains unknown .', 'this study investigated the effect of ambroxol on renal function in children undergoing cpb .', 'forty children at ages of @-@ years with cardiac function class i or ii and weighing @-@ kg , underwent repair of ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) under cpb .', 'they were randomly divided into two groups ( n = @ each ) : control and ambroxol-treated .', 'the children in the ambroxol-treated group received ambroxol of @ mg/kg in @ ml normal saline by intravenous injection after skin incision .', 'the control group received @ ml of normal saline instead .', 'serum concentrations of urea nitrogen ( bun ) , beta ( @ ) - microglobulin ( beta ( @ ) - mg ) and creatinine ( cr ) and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg , retinol-binding-protein ( rbp ) and n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase ( nag ) were measured before operation , and @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation .', 'serum cr and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg concentrations @ hrs after operation , serum beta ( @ ) - mg concentration @ and @ hrs after operation , urinary rbp concentration @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation , and urinary nag concentration @ , @ and @ hrs after operation in the control and the ambroxol-treated groups increased significantly as compared with their baseline values ( before operation ) ( p < @ ) .', 'serum cr concentration @ hrs after operation , serum beta ( @ ) - mg and urinary beta ( @ ) - mg concentrations @ and @ hrs after operation , urinary rbp concentration @ , @ , @ and @ hrs after operation , and urinary nag concentration @ and @ hrs after operation in the ambroxol-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( p < @ ) .', 'ambroxol administration before cpb is effective in reducing cpb-induced renal injury in children undergoing repair of vsd .', 'further research is required to understand the mechanism .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]