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Priest's Grotto (also known as Ozerna or Blue Lakes , meaning: "lake") is a cave in western Ukraine near the village of Strilkivtsi (), located within Chortkiv Raion (District) of Ternopil Oblast (Province). Priest's Grotto is part of the extensive gypsum giant cave system, and is one of the longest caves in the world with over (2017) of explored passages. It is about driving distance southwest of Kyiv, and about south of the district seat of Borshchiv. In World War II it was used as a refuge by Jewish refugees from the Nazi occupation during the Holocaust. Holocaust refuge In 1942–1944, during the Nazi occupation, several Jewish families lived in this and the nearby Verteba Cave located to the west in the town of Bilche Zolote. Some of these people never left the cave for 344 days, making this the longest recorded instance of uninterrupted cave habitation known. Although some of the Jews hiding in these caves were caught and murdered by the Nazis, thirty-eight of them managed to survive the Holocaust of Ukrainian Jews until the area was liberated by the Red Army in April 1944. These people would have almost certainly not survived, had they not sought shelter in these caves, since 95% of the Jews in Ukraine were murdered. Moreover, this group included two families, which made their survival all the more remarkable, since only 1% of Ukrainian Jewish families survived the Holocaust intact. At first they hid in the Verteba Cave, however after the Germans discovered their presence there, they moved to the relatively unknown Priest's Grotto cave, where they managed to survive for the rest of the German occupation of the region. Some of the local Ukrainians helped the Jews by selling them food, but others came close to bringing down their destruction, at one point even attempting an armed assault against the Jewish men who were trying to haul sacks of grain into the entrance of the cave in the middle of the night. The people in the cave could not afford to illuminate the darkness, but had to conserve candles and fuel. This meant that they only lit candles for a few minutes, several times a day, in order to prepare meals. All other times were spent in complete and total darkness. One of the survivors, Pepkala Blitzer, a four-year-old girl when she and her family sought shelter in the caves from the Nazis, later recalled how she had completely forgotten about the sun or daylight. Eventually, one day in early April 1944, one of the Jewish men found a bottle lying on the floor beneath the entrance to the cave. Inside was a message from a friendly Ukrainian farmer, which read: "The Germans have already gone." A few days later, the entire group of Jews hiding in the cave (numbering 38 people) finally left their refuge. Standing in the bright sunshine, Pepkala asked her mother to put out the bright candle, because it hurt her eyes too much. She was referring to the sun, which she could not remember having seen. Survivors Most of the survivors from Priest's Grotto emigrated to North America, where their descendants still live. Their story was relatively unknown until young American spelunker and former police officer Christos Nicola explored caves in this region. In 1993, he discovered evidence that people had sought refuge in Priest's Grotto cave during World War II. He inquired about this with local residents, which yielded a rumor that "perhaps some Jews had lived in the cave during the War". After returning to his home in Queens, New York, Nicola spent ten years researching the story until he was able to locate a survivor who lived just a few miles from him in Queens. This led him to meeting with many of the remaining Jewish survivors, and he recorded their experiences. Documentary The story of the survivors who lived in these caves was featured in the June/July 2004 issue of the National Geographic Adventure Magazine, as well as numerous other journal articles, and an award-winning book published in 2007 that Nicola helped to write, targeted for a young adult audience. National Geographic staff writer and photographer Peter Lane Taylor, who co-authored "The secret of Priest's Grotto" with Nicola, created a production company named Frontier Media Ventures, to help facilitate the making of a documentary, exhibit, and feature film about Nicola and the Priest's Grotto Jews. No Place on Earth is a documentary/feature film about the Priest's Grotto story, as well as Nicola's investigative work in bringing the story to the public's attention, directed and produced by Janet Tobias, narrated by Nicola and four survivors of the caves. It was released theatrically in the US in 2013 by Magnolia Pictures and in Germany by Senator Films. References External links The Darkest Days - National Geographic Magazine article coverage Holocaust Ukraine: Off the face of the earth it was the only refuge they had left from ArtUkraine.com The Secret of Priest's Grotto: A Holocaust Survival Story - Kar-Ben Publishing NBC Today Show Video Off the Face of the Earth Story of the Jewish families who survived the war in Priest's Grotto Christos Nicola's Home Page - includes biographical information about Christos Nicola, and links to videos and information about the story of the survivors who hid in these caves during the Holocaust. No Place on Earth - documentary/feature film Caves of Ukraine Gypsum caves The Holocaust in Ukraine Grottoes Geography of Ternopil Oblast

im the enemy and a noble , also .

i stared at him , charmed , wrapped up in his excitement for children .

matt agreed .

riley stinson sat in his beat-up explorer , idling at the light next to him .

he held up the bat .

'li'l walter , ' the woman whispered .

everyone looked puffy-eyed with bad hair and chins tucked into scarves or warm sweaters .

he asked in disbelief .

now it doesnt matter to me if its a bullet or the chipper .

i 'm still not convinced you are n't a liability , not convinced we should n't have waited for someone more stable , even if that meant it took substantially longer . ''

sure , trent had sicced the coven on me , but he was n't the one getting filmed being dragged down the street by a demon .

i gasped as he planted his giant paws into the middle of my stomach .

durnik finished the rim of the shield with a shower of crimson sparks and the musical ring of steei on steel .

`` you think so ? ''

`` it was seven years ago , talon .

again , the voice of the dispatcher broke through the static .

Ulisse Ribustini (August 26, 1852 – 1944) was an Italian painter, mainly of conventional sacred subjects and genre subjects. He also painted large decorative murals at Ponte della Pietra, at the chapter house of the Cathedral of Perugia, at the parish church of Ferretto, near Castiglione del Lago, and at Gualdo Tadino Cathedral. As a young man he painted the frescoes depicting the Story of the Aeneid for the Sala Consiliare di Civitanova Marche. he also made over 100 illustrations based on Dante's Divine Comedy. Biography He was born on August 26, 1852, in Civitanova Marche, Province of Macerata. At ten years old he moved with his family to Perugia; Ulisse's father engaged in the construction of the railway line. He enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Perugia under Silvestro Valeri. He then moved to Naples, where he studied alongside Annibale Brugnoli under Domenico Morelli. Returning to Perugia, he taught at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Perugia from 1898 to 1906 as professor of painting, then from 1908 to 1913 as professor of ornamentation. One of his pupils was Gerardo Dottori. At the Exhibition of Naples del 1877 he exhibited: a head with impressionistic light effects. He painted a St Francis in Death in the Chapel of Santa Maria degli Angeli (la Porziuncola), which was commissioned and exhibited in 1883 at Rome. In 1884 to Turin, he sent the canvas: Semper pauper, and in 1887 to Venice, La Virgin del Rosario. He also painted an altarpiece of Santa Margherita Maria Alacoque (1914) for the church of Sant Antonio Abate at Monte Rubiaglio. References 19th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 20th-century Italian painters 1852 births 1944 deaths Umbrian painters Italian genre painters 19th-century Italian male artists 20th-century Italian male artists

he took a closer look at kevans pendant , and with her permission , gently touched it with no problems .

he ordered his mind ... his body ... again .

nothing .

whatever your plan might have been , forget it .

marshall went to speak with carter as olivia stood there , glaring at both of them .

raleigh was shocked beyond words but quickly pulled himself together for the sake of his friend .

more so since the unfortunate-tragic-events of last year . ''

that humanity had purpose , reason , even though there had been so much pain and horror after seeing that man on the cross charles knew in his heart that he had made every second of it worth it .

i am not a patient man .

that 's why i 'm talking to you guys about this .

i headed for the main doors , my anxiety growing with each step , until my senses were so keenly aware of my surroundings-the lingering smell of the nurse 's cigarette , the creak of the revolving door ahead-i struggled to focus on the task at hand .

fart !

hes an old man .

maybe it would be ok riley didnt even have a scar .

he hit play again as the camera swung to the back of the room and focused on his imposing figure , a young cardinal dressed in a fitted beige cassock trimmed with dark green piping and buttons .

go to bed and we 'll both forget this ever happened .

i agree with jake .

she had n't been happy with lucian for asking me to hold off on the medication she had talked with me about .

`` you . ''

there 'd be no coyote-ugly situation in the morning there . ''

it was as bright as at midday , but i did not see myself in the glass !

her hair had turned whiter than her skin and she needed soft , warm spaces to be comfortable .

move slowly towards hestia and her hearts desire .

daemon smiled and the two arum hissed .

what do you know about that ? ''

i 'm pretty sure they 've broken a law or two . ''

clare blinked confused .

he needs to get well so he can finish his work .

carson stood and jumped back , watching the diseased spheres spread until they finally stopped several feet from where he knelt .

let go !

just ... nothing .

`` why not ? ''

`` that 's a very good way to describe him , your majesty .

i was running my feet off serving them and pocketing some good tips , too .

who knows that we will be able to do in ten , fifty or a hundred years .

`` well , i would supervise , obviously .

`` you 'd look so good on that bike , kane .

only later after the autopsy was finished and smith had taken off his green cap and mask and gloves and scrubs and sat outside the autopsy room alone on a long bench did he let himself grieve for sophia again .

they all wore rumpled designer clothes , and i noticed that two of the men had on expensive watches .

cut .

.

on top of that , i did n't want to bring him there knowing how much that place meant to me .

that feeling is like nothing else .

so with a little grunt gaf pushed himself upright and away from the tower wall that he had been leaning against for support .

the t-3 screamed , must play with pretty poppets ! !

`` changed ?

big gig , this one , amy said facing forwards again .

`` we do what we do , '' said liraz .

how are we connected ?

but even that did n't matterhe meant every word he 'd said .

nothing was ever going to stop you from doing what you wanted .

it almost frightened her .

`` no , but we 're pretty sure she went out the back door , then through the side gates . ''

`` i bet . ''

she stood and paced the floor fretfully .

`` do n't you need this ? ''

they slid down his nose and he readjusted them with his thumb .

maybe it 's more a tourist attraction rather than a religious place .

plus , i know how hard it is for girls to resist a guy in a band . ''

at the familiar voice , i turned to see amyrah walking toward me .

he only spoke to tell me he had a leather jacket in the back seat if i was cold .

maria rose on her elbow and tapped the tip of his nose .

`` i go through every resource i 've got , starting tonight-and oh , my god , mateo , look at the road !

she said it needs updating , cora mae explained .

whatever it is , it 's terrible .

`` tomorrow night ? ''

i said listen ...

'it 's no trouble at all , ' a slurred voice outside said .

`` are you used to putting everything together ? ''

inside was a molten , metal shell .

`` i did .

all con had to do was say , i know somewhere .

he had n't laid a violent finger , hand , or fang on anyone since the after hell .

if cole stayed with me ... well , it was just much harder to kick someone out than it was to leave .

the stairs were linked by a long balcony which regally overlooked the first floor lobby on one side and on the other opened through imposing , glass doors onto a rooftop garden .

CYA may stand for: California Youth Authority, now California Division of Juvenile Justice Canadian Yachting Association, now Sail Canada College Year in Athens, an U.S. study abroad program Cover your ass, a defensive practice against legal penalties or criticism Cyanuric acid, a chemical compound ya, meaning "radiocarbon years ago" in calibration of radiocarbon dates CYA, the IATA code for Antoine-Simon Airport, Haiti See also See You (disambiguation) (including "seeya")

it 's the first time since my near execution that i 've seen him remorseful instead of defensive or full of excuses .

unforgettable .

3.3 gpa , but i 'm working to raise it , '' greg replies .

there are now only two of us left .

i cradle him to my chest , content in this moment .

Nukualofa ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Tonga. It is located on the north coast of the island of Tongatapu, in the country's southernmost island group. History First western records of Nukualofa On 10 June 1777, British captain James Cook wrote of his arrival at their anchorage place. His description of the place confirmed, with his map, that this was the bay of Nukualofa. Cook never used the name Nukualofa or any other spelling for the reports of this voyage, but he mentioned the island of Pangaimodoo (Pangaimotu) which was to the east of his anchorage position. Captain Cook also wrote that he travelled by canoes to visit Mooa (Mua) where Paulaho and other great men lived. The house that Paulaho provided was on the beach from the ship. Reference to his map shows that he must have landed and stayed in the Siesia area, the eastern part of modern Nukualofa. Cook also drafted the first map of the bay of Nukuʻalofa. The first written record for Nukuʻalofa is stated in the first dedicated book for Tonga by George Vason which was published in 1810. George Vason was an English missionary from the London Missionary Society, who arrived in Tonga in 1797. George Vason wrote of their arrival that: "Before we could well come to an anchor, the ship was surrounded by the natives, who flocked to us from every adjacent Island. The place, before which we anchored, was called Noogollefa: it was near an Island, named Bonghy-moddoo; on which former navigators pitched their tents, as a convenient spot, on account of its separation from the main Island, to preserve themselves from being too much incommoded by the natives." That was the first mention of Nukuʻalofa, spelled as Noogoollefa. Vason's unusual spelling of Nukuʻalofa and Pangaimotu (as "Bonghy-Moddoo") was because the standard Tongan alphabet would not be developed until 1826–27. The second oldest book dedicated to Tonga was by William Mariner, adopted son of Fīnau ʻUlukālala, which was published in 1817. Mariner described his experiences during the years he was the adopted son of ʻUlukālala (1806–1810). He described the civil war and the siege of the Fort of Nukuʻalofa, which fell to ʻUlukālala and his warriors. The third attempt of Christian missionaries was recorded in April 1826, when two Tahitian London Missionaries were detained by Tupou the chief of Nukuʻalofa. In March 1826, the four men left Tahiti in the Minerva, their destination Fiji. But at Nukuʻalofa, Tonga, their plans were disrupted by the high chief Tupou (Aleamotuʻa). From Davies' perspective the Tahitian were placed under detention at Tongatapu: “The chief called Tupou would not let them proceed. He had been himself a resident in Lageba and calls himself the friend of Tuineau, the chief of Lageba and as such he took possession of the present intended for the Fijian chief". The arrival of the Methodist missionaries in Nukuʻalofa in 1827 reinforced the Christian faith. The persecution suffered by Christians in Hihifo and Hahake forced a lot of people to seek refuge in Nukuʻalofa. As a result of the encouragement of Tupou, the King of Nukuʻalofa, this was the beginning of the expanding of Nukuʻalofa to become the major center of Christianity in Tonga. The US Exploring Expedition met with King Josiah (Aleamotuʻa) in 1840. The final phase of the arrival of Christianity in Tonga was the arrival of Father Chevron, or Patele Sevelo, in 1842. He wrote that he arrived in Nukuʻalofa in 1842 and met the Tuʻi Kanokupolu Aleamotuʻa who was baptised by the Wesleyan as Sosaia. In conclusion, these landings turned Nukuʻalofa from a small village and fort into the center of Tonga during the introduction of Christianity. From the earliest records for Nukuʻalofa, early writers always referred to the settlement as Noogollefa (1797), Nioocalofa (1806), Nukualofa (1826 by Methodist) and Noukou-Alofa (1842 by French Catholic priests). There was no other mention of any other name of the settlement other than the settlement or fort of Nukuʻalofa. Capital of the Kingdom of Tonga (1875 and later) The Declaration of the Constitution of Tonga in 1875 formalised Nukuʻalofa as the Capital of Tonga. King George Taufaʻahau Tupou I issued the Constitution of Tonga on 4 November 1875, in Nukuʻalofa. The Constitution also stated (Article 38) that the Parliament will meet in Nukuʻalofa except in time of war. Since Nukuʻalofa has been expanding from when it became the center of Christianity in Tonga in the 19th century, it became essential that it was reorganised for effective administration of the capital. The reorganisation of Nukuʻalofa divided up Nukuʻalofa into three major district areas: Kolomotuʻa (Kolo meaning "town" or "settlement", motuʻa meaning "old"), encompassing the city's original settlement at the old fort of Nukualofa, including the area of Tavatuʻutolu (Longolongo), Sopu ʻo Vave (now Sopu ʻo Taufaʻahau), Tongataʻeapa, Tufuenga, Kapeta and all the western area where it was the traditional settlement of the Tuʻi Kanokupolu from Mumui the 13th Tuʻi Kanokupolu to Aleamotuʻa the 18th Tuʻi Kanokupolu. Kolofoʻou (foʻou meaning "new"). This area started from the Vahaʻakolo Road and all the eastern side to Maʻufanga which include the Palace of King George Taufaʻahau Tupou I and seat of Government, as well as all the new settlement of Fasi moe Afi ʻa Tungi, Malie Taha (One Mile), Ngeleʻia was an old settlement during the civil wars and Taufaʻahau and his warriors destroy this settlement. Taufaʻahau settled in his kau Toʻa Tautahi (Sea-Warlords) in Nukuʻalofa for his protection and security from enemies and named the area Kolofoʻou (Newtown or Newsettling). This happened after the burn down and fall of Takai's fortress of Pea in the command of his son Moeakiola in 1852. About the same time Taufaʻahau moved his capital to Kolofoʻou, Nukuʻalofa after he ruled and reigned from Pangai, Haʻapai since 1845. Maʻufanga, on the eastern side of Nukualofa. Maʻufanga was an old village of the Haʻa Takalaua, which is the Estate of the Chief Fakafanua, now ruled by the Uhamaka family. George Vason mentioned that Maʻufanga was a refugees area during the civil war, where people could take shelter in time of hardship. Maʻufanga is the area facing Pangaimotu, where James Cook anchored, and where Paulaho built him a house on the beach, about from the ship. 21st century In 2006, lack of progress towards democracy resulted in riots in Nuku'Alofa. During the riots, much of the central business district was burned down. The capital city was struck by the tsunami caused by the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption. There is reportedly significant damage to the capital. The damage might take years to repair. Government The national government is based in Nukualofa. The parliament of Tonga meets there, and the Royal Palace is located near the city. The name is said to have originated when Moungatonga, the 6th Tui Haatakalaua (King who governs the daily business of Tonga on behalf of the Tui Tonga or Sacred King of Tonga) sent his youngest son, Ngata (later to be 1st Tui Kanokupolu) as governor to Hihifo (Western side of Tongatapu). It was a difficult decision for Ngata as the Tuʻi Tonga and Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua have been unable to control Hihifo. Ngata had many reasons to fear for his life as his predecessors had been killed by the chiefs and people of Hihifo. Between 12 and 13 February 2018, the Tongan Parliament House was destroyed by Cyclone Gita, a category 4 cyclone that hit the nation. As a result, the Parliament was moved to the Tongan National Centre, south of the city centre, and that parcel of land gazetted as a part of Nukuʻalofa. Climate Nukuʻalofa features a tropical rainforest climate (Af) under the Köppen climate classification. The area does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year, but it does not have a true dry season month where monthly precipitation falls below . Temperatures are slightly warmer during January and February where average temperatures hover around than June and July where the average temperatures is roughly . Nukuʻalofa sees a little more than of precipitation annually. As the trade winds are almost permanent and cyclones are not rare in Nukuʻalofa, the climate is not equatorial but maritime trade-wind tropical climate. Economy Nukualofa is the economic hub of the country. Peau Vavaʻu, an airline, had its head office in the Pacific Royale Hotel in Nukuʻalofa. The former Royal Tongan Airlines had its head office in the Royco Building in Nukualofa. The city has markets and a central business district. Much of the central business district was destroyed during the 2006 Nukuʻalofa riots. Reconstruction started in 2008, funded by a US$55 million loan from China. The city has a number of tourist hotels. Transport Nukualofa is the central hub for transport in Tonga. Buses arrive and depart from the central bus station along Vuna Road close to the centre of town. Bus services are privately operated, and their drivers are free to set their own schedules. Fares are fixed by the government, with reduced rates for school children. The buses are usually filled to capacity. In addition, some schools and large hotels provide their own buses. There are numerous taxis, also privately owned. Many people who own a car earn extra money by providing taxi services in their spare time. Taxi fares are also set by the government. Most families have their own car; few residents ride bicycles. There are no operational railways or trams in Tonga, although there was once a narrow-gauge railway from the lagoon to the wharf, which gave its name to Railway Road. Nukualofa harbour is the only deep-water harbour of the island, which determined its selection as the site for the capital. For many years Vuna Wharf was the international harbour until it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1977. A new, much larger wharf was built towards Maufanga, named after Queen Sālote. Between these two wharves is the wharf numbered '42', used by fishermen and inter-island ferries. It is the central hub for boats to the outer islands. There are usually two boats to ʻEua each day and two to Haʻapai and Vavaʻu each week. In addition to these regular services by shipping companies, private boat owners provide less regular services to smaller islands such as Nomuka and ʻEueiki. Air transport is provided by Fuaamotu International Airport on the south side of Tongatapu, from Nukualofa. 2015 island creation In January 2015, a new island of about diameter was reported to have been created by a volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai. The newly formed island is situated about 65 kilometers (40 miles) northwest of the capital city. Twin towns – sister cities Nukuʻalofa is twinned with: Whitby, United Kingdom Majuro, Marshall Islands Endnotes References Vason G, An authentic of narrative of four years residence at one of the Friendly Islands, 1810 Martin J, An account of the natives of the Tonga Islands, in the south pacific ocean. with an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communication of Mr William Mariner, several years resident in those islands, 1817 Munro and Thornley, The convant makers: Islanders missionaries in the Pacific, 1996. Findlay and Holdworth, History of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society Vol III, 1921 Monfat A, Les Tonga; ou, Archipel des Amis et le R. P. Joseph Chevron de la Société de Marie, 1893 Rowe Stringer G. A Pioneer, A Memoir of The Rev. John Thomas (1885) Farmer, Sarah Stock, Tonga and the Friendly Islands: With A Sketch of the Mission History, 1885 Schütz, Albert J, The diaries and correspondence of David Cargill, by David Cargill, 1832–1843; 1937 Garret John, To Live Among the Stars; Origin of Christianity in Oceania, 1982 Elijah Hoole (ed.), Friendly and Feejee Islands: a missionary visit to various stations in them; by Walter Lawry, 1857 Campbell, I.C. Island Kingdom: Tonga Ancient and Modern. Christchurch, 1992 Gifford, Edward Winslow, Tongan Places Name, 1923 External links Transport and Industry Populated places in Tonga Capitals in Oceania Port cities in Oceania