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LOC Indore, ORG Northern Railway, LOC Muzaffarpur, LOC Allahabad, LOC Itarsi, LOC Gorakhpur, LOC Jodhpur, LOC Delhi, LOC Patna, ORG Indian Railways, LOC Mumbai, LOC Bareilly, LOC Varanasi, LOC Puri, LOC Lucknow, LOC Haridwar, LOC Bhopal, LOC Khandwa, LOC Chennai, LOC Kolkata, LOC Gaya, LOC India, LOC Jaipur, LOC Haridwar Railway Station, LOC Madgaon, LOC Ahmedabad, LOC Ujjain, LOC Central India, LOC Thiruvananthapuram

The Haridwar Railway Station located in Haridwar is under the control of the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has direct links the major cities of India such as Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai,Gorakhpur, Muzaffarpur, Madgaon, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ahmedabad, Patna, Gaya, Varanasi, Allahabad, Bareilly, Lucknow, Puri, and major cities of Central India namely Bhopal, Ujjain, Indore, Khandwa, Itarsi.

Haridwar Rail

LOC Indira Gandhi International Airport, LOC Jolly Grant Airport, LOC New Delhi, LOC Dehradun, LOC Haridwar

The nearest domestic airport is Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun which is located 35 km (22 mi) from Haridwar. Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi is the nearest International Airport which is located 220 km (140 mi) from Haridwar.

Haridwar Air

ORG SIIDCUL, ORG PSU, ORG Integrated Industrial Estate, LOC Uttarakhand, ORG BHEL, LOC Haridwar

Haridwar is rapidly developing as an important industrial township of Uttarakhand since the state government agency, SIIDCUL established in 2002, set up the Integrated Industrial Estate in a district attracting many important industrial houses which are setting up manufacturing facilities in the area. According to list of allottee provided by SIIDCUL, the industrial estate is home to over 650 companies currently.Haridwar has an industrial area situated at the bypass road, comprising mainly ancillary units to PSU, BHEL, which was established here in 1964 and currently employs over 8000 people.

Haridwar Industry

PER Letitia Elizabeth Landon, LOC Hurdwar, PER Fisher, PER William Purser

Besides Hurdwar, a Place of Hindoo Pilgrimage referred to above, an engraving of a painting entitled Hurdwar, The Gate of Hari or Vishnou. by William Purser with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838.

Haridwar In Art and Literature

PER Rashtrapati Nilayam, LOC Hussain Sagar, ORG British Residency, LOC Asaf Jahi, PER Qutb, LOC Deccan, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Southern India, LOC Deccan Plateau, ORG Indian Union, LOC Andhra Pradesh, PER Asaf Jahi, LOC Musi River, LOC Charminar, LOC Golconda, LOC Hyderabad State, LOC Telangana, PER Asaf Jah I, LOC India, PER Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah

Hyderabad ( (listen) HY-dər-ə-bad; Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daraːbaːd], Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd]) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies 650 km2 (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region, making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad has the fifth-largest urban economy in India. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. In 1687, the city was annexed by the Mughals. In 1724, Asaf Jah I, the Mughal viceroy, declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty, also known as the Nizams. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi's from 1769 to 1948. As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad, the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1956. After the introduction of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Hyderabad was made the capital of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956, the city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam, the winter office of the president of India. Relics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras remain visible today; the Charminar has come to symbolise the city. By the end of the early modern era, the Mughal Empire had declined in the Deccan, and the Nizam's patronage attracted men of letters from various parts of the world. A distinctive culture arose from the amalgamation of local and migrated artisans, with Painting, handicraft, jewellery, literature, dialect and clothing are prominent still today. Through its cuisine, the city is listed as a creative city of gastronomy by UNESCO. The Telugu film industry based in the city was the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures as of 2012. Until the 19th century Hyderabad was known for the pearl industry and was nicknamed the "City of Pearls", and was the only trading centre for Golconda diamonds in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats, and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since the 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. The formation of the special economic zones of Hardware Park and HITEC City, dedicated to information technology, has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad.

Hyderabad Introduction

PER Ali Ibn Abi Talib, PER Thévenot, LOC Bhagya - nagar, PER Bhagmati, PER Poser, LOC Bhagnagar, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Haydar, PER Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, LOC Hyder Mahal

The name Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from haydar 'lion' and ābād 'city', after Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle.The city was originally called Bhagnagar ("fortunate city" or "city of gardens"), and later acquired the name Hyderabad. The European travellers von Poser and Thévenot found both names in use in the 17th century.One popular legend suggests that the founder of the city, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, named it Bhagya-nagar after Bhagmati, a local nautch (dancing) girl whom he married. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal. The city would have been named Hyderabad in her honour.

Hyderabad Toponymy

LOC Delhi Sultanate, ORG Nizam, LOC Delhi, PER Ganapatideva, PER Tughluq, LOC Warangal, PER Ala - ud - Din Bahman Shah, PER Tughlaq, LOC Delhi sultanate, PER Alauddin Khalji, LOC Golconda Fort, LOC Kakatiya, PER Chalukya, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Chalukya, PER Musunuri Nayakas, LOC Bahmani Sultanate, LOC Deccan Plateau, PER Bahmani Sultan, ORG Tughlaq dynasty, PER Philip Meadows Taylor, PER Khalji, PER Muhammad bin Tughluq, LOC Golconda, PER Bahmani, PER Kakatiya, ORG Kakatiya, PER Malik Maqbul Tilangani, LOC Bahmani, LOC Gulbarga, LOC Kollur, PER Khaljis

The discovery of Megalithic burial sites and cairn circles in the suburbs of Hyderabad, in 1851 by Philip Meadows Taylor, a polymath in the service of the Nizam, had provided evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited from the Stone Age. Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golconda—now part of Hyderabad—came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal—148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad. The Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva 1199–1262 built a hilltop outpost—later known as Golconda Fort—to defend their western region. The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khalji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1323, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Tughlaq dynasty, the successor to the Khaljis. During this period, Alauddin Khalji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golconda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty, Malik Maqbul Tilangani was appointed its governor. In 1336 the regional chieftains Musunuri Nayakas—who revolted against the Delhi sultanate in 1333—took Warangal under their direct control and declared it as their capital. In 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau, with Gulbarga—200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad—as its capital, both the neighboring rulers Musunuri Nayakas of Warangal and Bahmani Sultans of Gulbarga engaged in many wars until 1364–65 when a peace treaty was signed and the Musunuri Nayakas ceded Golconda Fort to the Bahmani Sultan. The Bahmani Sultans ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.In 1496 Sultan Quli was appointed as a Bahmani governor of Telangana, he rebuilt, expanded and fortified the old mud-fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad nagar". In 1518, he revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty. The fifth Qutb Shahi sultan, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591, to avoid water shortages experienced at Golconda. During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city. Mir Momin Astarabadi, the prime minister in the Qutub Shahi period, developed the plan of the city of Hyderabad, including the location of the Charminar and Char Kaman.On 21 September 1687, the Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golconda Fort. The annexed city "Hyderabad" was renamed Darul Jihad (House of War), whereas the main territories of the Golconda Sultanate were incorporated into the Mughal empire as the province Hyderabad Subah. Mughal rule in Hyderabad was administered by three main governors: Jan Sipar Khan (1688–1700), his son Rustam Dil Khan (1700–13) and Mubariz Khan (1713–24).

Hyderabad Early and medieval history

PER Peshwa, LOC Maratha Empire, PER Salabat Jung, PER Marquis de Bussy - Castelnau, PER Nizam - ul - Mulk, PER Asaf Jahi Nizams, LOC Mughal, LOC Coromandel Coast, PER Muhammad Shah, LOC Deccan, LOC Hyderabad, PER Asaf Jah II, LOC Mughal Empire, LOC Mysore, PER Dalwai, PER Farrukhsiyar, LOC Hyderabad Deccan, PER Asaf Jahi, ORG British Indian Army, ORG East India Company, PER Nizam ul - Mulk, PER Basalath Jung, PER Hyder Ali, PER Asaf Jah I, PER Nasir Jung, PER Baji Rao I, ORG Asaf Jahi Nizams, LOC Bolarum, LOC Secunderabad, PER Mubariz Khan, PER Muzaffar Jang

In 1713, Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Mubariz Khan as Governor of Hyderabad. During his tenure, he fortified the city and controlled the internal and neighbouring threats. In 1714 Farrukhsiyar appointed Asaf Jah I as Viceroy of the Deccan—(administrator of six Mughal governorates) with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1721, he was appointed as Prime Minister of the Mughal Empire. His differences with the court nobles led him to resign from all the imperial responsibilities in 1723 and leave for Deccan. Under the influence of Asaf Jah I's opponents, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah issued a decree to Mubariz Khan, to stop Asaf Jah I which resulted in the Battle of Shakar Kheda.: 93–94  In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asaf Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The death of Asaf Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons and grandson—Nasir Jung (1748–1750), Muzaffar Jang (1750-1751) and Salabat Jung (1751-1762)—contended for the throne backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. The accession of Asaf Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the Treaty of Masulipatam—by which the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent, got the right to control and collect the taxes at Coromandel Coast.In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Asaf Jahi Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asaf Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by French General the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to be stationed at Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's capital, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.Until 1874 there were no modern industries in Hyderabad. With the introduction of railways in the 1880s, four factories were built to the south and east of Hussain Sagar lake, and during the early 20th century, Hyderabad was transformed into a modern city with the establishment of transport services, underground drainage, running water, electricity, telecommunications, universities, industries, and Begumpet Airport. The Nizams ruled the princely state of Hyderabad during the British Raj.

Hyderabad Modern history

PER Nizam VII, LOC Maharashtra, ORG Union Cabinet, LOC Andhra State, ORG Indian National Congress, LOC Pakistan, LOC Dominion, LOC Karnataka, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Hyderabad State Congress, ORG Indian Union, LOC Andhra Pradesh, PER B. R. Ambedkar, LOC Hyderabad State, PER Nizam, ORG Communist Party of India, LOC Telangana, ORG of, LOC India, LOC B, ORG Indian Army, ORG Drafting Committee, LOC Dilsukhnagar

After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union or newly formed Dominion of Pakistan. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until it was abolished on 31 October 1956.Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location.On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots; and two bombs exploded in February 2013. On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill. With the final assent of the President of India, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014.

Hyderabad Post-Independence

LOC Mumbai, LOC Deccan Plateau, LOC Osman Sagar, LOC Banjara Hills, LOC India, LOC Musi, LOC Krishna River, LOC Musi River, LOC Delhi, LOC Himayat Sagar, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Hussain Sagar, LOC Telangana, LOC South India, LOC Bangalore

Hyderabad is 1,566 km (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 km (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 km (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It is situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, along the banks of the Musi River, a tributary of Krishna River located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km2 (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite, dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 m (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes sometime referred to as sagar, meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar. As of 1996, the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds).

Hyderabad Geography

LOC Hyderabad

Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and dry, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26–39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5–28 °C (58.1–82.4 °F).Heavy rain from the south-west summer monsoon falls between June and October, supplying Hyderabad with most of its mean annual rainfall. Since records began in November 1891, the heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period was 241.5 mm (10 in) on 24 August 2000. The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (114 °F) on 2 June 1966, and the lowest was 6.1 °C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946. The city receives 2,731 hours of sunshine per year; maximum daily sunlight exposure occurs in February.

Hyderabad Climate

LOC Patancheru Lake, LOC Nehru Zoological Park, LOC Fox Sagar Lake, LOC Mir Alam Tank, LOC Hussain Sagar, ORG ICRISAT, LOC Shamirpet Lake, LOC Ameenpur Lake, LOC Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, LOC Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, ORG Telangana Forest Department, ORG Blue Cross of Hyderabad, ORG Animal Welfare Board of India, ORG International Crops Research Institute for the Semi - Arid Tropics, LOC India, LOC Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary, ORG University of Hyderabad, LOC Mrugavani National Park, ORG Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

Hyderabad's lakes and the sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. As of 2016, the tree cover is 1.7% of the total city area, a decrease from 2.7% in 1996. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks, zoos, mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary. Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park. Hyderabad has three national parks (Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Ameenpur Lake, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India, the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and the University of Hyderabad.

Hyderabad Conservation

LOC Andhra Pradesh, LOC State of Telangana, LOC State of Andhra Pradesh, ORG Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, ORG Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Telangana

According to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 part 2 Section 5: "(1) On and from the appointed day, Hyderabad in the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, shall be the common capital of the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh for such period not exceeding ten years. (2) After the expiry of the period referred to in sub-section (1), Hyderabad shall be the capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh." The same sections also define that the common capital includes the existing area designated as the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955. As stipulated in sections 3 and 18(1) of the Reorganisation Act, city MLAs are members of the Telangana state assembly.

Hyderabad Common capital status

LOC Kukatpally, ORG Telangana Rashtra Samithi, ORG Osmania University, ORG IPS, LOC Khairatabad, ORG Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, LOC L. B. Nagar, ORG Telangana Police, ORG TRS, ORG Secunderabad Cantonment Board, ORG Indian Police Service, ORG Home Ministry, LOC West Zone, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Cyberabad, ORG Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad, LOC Serilingampally, LOC South Zone, ORG MCH, LOC East, LOC Rachakonda, LOC Charminar, LOC Northeast Zone, LOC Central Zone, PER Gadwal Vijayalakshmi, LOC Ranga Reddy, LOC North Zone, LOC India, LOC Secunderabad, ORG GHMC, LOC Medak

The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) oversees the civic infrastructure of the city, there are six administrative zones of GHMC: South Zone–(Charminar), East Zone–(L. B. Nagar), West Zone–(Serilingampally), North Zone–(Kukatpally), Northeast Zone–(Secunderabad) and Central Zone–(Khairatabad); these zones consist of 30 "circles", which together encompass 150 municipal wards. Each ward is represented by a corporator, elected by popular vote, as of 2020 the city has 7,400,000 voters of which 3,850,000 are male and 3,500,000 are female. The corporators elect the Mayor, who is the titular head of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management, the issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licenses, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre-school and non-formal education. The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak districts covering a total area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi).: 3  The Secunderabad Cantonment Board is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of 40.1 km2 (15.5 sq mi),: 93  where there are several military camps.: 2  The Osmania University campus is administered independently by the university authority.: 93  Appointed in February 2021, Gadwal Vijayalakshmi of Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) is serving as the Mayor of GHMC.In Hyderabad police jurisdiction is divided into three commissionerates: Hyderabad (established in 1847 AD, an oldest police commissionerate in India ), Cyberabad, and Rachakonda, each headed by a commissioner of police, who are Indian Police Service (IPS) officers. The Hyderabad police is a division of the Telangana Police, under the state Home Ministry.The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city"), and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB).Hyderabad is the seat of the Government of Telangana, Government of Andhra Pradesh and the President of India's winter retreat Rashtrapati Nilayam, as well as the Telangana High Court and various local government agencies. The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court.: 1  The GHMC area contains 24 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which form five constituencies of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India).

Hyderabad Local government

ORG TSPDCL, ORG Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited, ORG Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department, ORG HMWSSB, ORG India Post, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, ORG Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board

The HMWSSB (Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board) regulates rainwater harvesting, sewerage services, and water supply. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a 116 km-long (72 mi) water supply pipeline from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. The Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (TSPDCL) manages electricity supply. As of 2014, there were 15 fire stations in the city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department. The government-owned India Post has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services.

Hyderabad Utility services

LOC Telangana, LOC Lower Tank Bund, LOC Jawaharnagar, ORG Telangana Pollution Control Board, LOC Assembly, ORG GHMC, LOC Yousufguda, LOC Secretariat, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Imlibun, ORG TPCB

Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun, Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar. Disposal is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has led to increased industrial waste, air, noise and water pollution, which is regulated by the Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish. Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year. The city's "VIP areas", the Assembly building, Secretariat, and Telangana chief minister's office, have particularly low air quality index ratings, suffering from high levels of PM2.5's. Ground water around Hyderabad, which has a hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels. This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated effluent discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of the city.

Hyderabad Pollution control

LOC Meerut, ORG Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare, LOC Hyderabad

The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services. As of 2010–11, the city had 50 government hospitals, 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes providing around 12,000 hospital beds, fewer than half the required 25,000. For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds, 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians. The city has about 4,000 individual clinics. Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of the distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities,: 60–61  despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005.: 41  As of 2012, many new private hospitals of various sizes were opened or being built. Hyderabad has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use Unani, homoeopathic and Ayurvedic treatments.In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,: 47  which is below the replacement rate. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.: 98  The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.: 97  The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic, and up to 20% of children are underweight,: 44, 55–56  while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes.: 57

Hyderabad Healthcare

ORG GHMC, LOC Hyderabad, LOC India

When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from 175 km2 (68 sq mi) to 650 km2 (250 sq mi). Consequently, the population increased by 87%, from 3,637,483 as of 2001 census to 6,809,970 as of 2011 census, 24% of which are migrants from elsewhere in India,: 2  making Hyderabad the nation's fourth most populous city. As of 2011, the population density is 18,480/km2 (47,900/sq mi) and the Hyderabad urban agglomeration had a population of 7,749,334 making it the sixth most populous urban agglomeration in the country. as of 2011 census, there are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. Among children aged 0–6 years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000. Literacy stands at 83% (male 86%; female 80%), higher than the national average of 74.04%. The socio-economic strata consist of 20% upper class, 50% middle class and 30% working class.

Hyderabad Demographics

LOC Memon, ORG Indian Union, LOC Uttar, PER Asaf Jahi, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Hyderabad State

Referred to as "Hyderabadi", the residents of Hyderabad are predominantly Telugu and Urdu speaking people, with minority Bengali, Sindhi, Kannada, Memon, Nawayathi, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Uttar Pradeshi communities. Hyderabadi Muslims are a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami Arabs or Chaush are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Asaf Jahi Nizams.

Hyderabad Ethnicity

LOC Greater Hyderabad, LOC Hyderabad

Hindus are in the majority. Muslims form a very large minority, and are present throughout the city and predominate in and around old Hyderabad. There are also Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Parsi communities and iconic churches, mosques and temples. According to the 2011 census, the religious make-up of Greater Hyderabad was: Hindus (64.9%), Muslims (30.1%), Christians (2.8%), Jains (0.3%), Sikhs (0.3%) and Buddhists (0.1%); 1.5% did not state any religion.

Hyderabad Religion

LOC Hyderabad

Telugu and Urdu are both official languages of the city, and most Hyderabadis are bilingual. The Telugu dialect spoken in Hyderabad is called Telangana Mandalika, and the Urdu spoken is called Deccani.: 1869–70  English is a "Secondary official language" is pervasive in business and administration, and it is an important medium of instruction in education and publications. A significant minority speak other languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Marwari, Odia and Tamil.

Hyderabad Languages

LOC Andhra Pradesh, LOC India, ORG GHMC, ORG Centre for Good Governance, LOC Hyderabad, ORG World Bank

In the greater metropolitan area, 13% of the population live below the poverty line. According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank, Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years.: 55  Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73%. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depends on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government-aided schools, 175 private schools, and 528 community halls in the slum areas.: 70  According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families, 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹20,000 (US$250) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹24,000 (US$300) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.7% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.2% work as child labour, of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.: 59

Hyderabad Slums

LOC Kukatpally, LOC Sanathnagar, LOC Sultan Bazar, LOC Purana Shahar, ORG India Government Mint, LOC Tankbund Park, LOC Birla Temple, LOC Nizam Museum, ORG Telangana Secretariat, LOC Malkajgiri, LOC Birla Planetarium, LOC Salar Jung Museum, LOC Rani Gunj, LOC Jagannath Temple, LOC Hussain Sagar, ORG Ravindra, ORG Telangana Legislature, LOC Neredmet, LOC Pearl Market, LOC Banjara Hills, LOC Madhapur, LOC Begumpet, LOC Ramoji Film City, LOC Khairtabad, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Uppal, LOC Cyberabad, LOC Abids, LOC Bharathi, LOC Public Gardens, LOC Jubilee Hills, ORG Reserve Bank of India, ORG Nizam Club, LOC Tank Bund Road, LOC New, LOC Indira Park, LOC Moazzam Jahi Market, LOC Balanagar, LOC Musi River, LOC Charminar, LOC Koti, LOC State Museum, LOC Lumbini Park, LOC Laad Bazaar, LOC Tolichowki, LOC Miyapur, LOC Gachibowli, LOC Chanda Nagar, LOC Mecca Masjid, LOC A. S. Rao Nagar, LOC Moosapet, LOC NTR Gardens, LOC Falaknuma Palace, LOC Secunderabad, ORG Telangana High Court, LOC Madina Circle, LOC Purana Pul —, LOC Old City, PER Hussain Sagar, LOC Sanjeevaiah Park, LOC Buddha, LOC Patancheru, LOC Shahi Masjid, PER Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, LOC Chowmahalla Palace, LOC Begum Bazaar

The historic city established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah on the southern side of the Musi River forms the heritage region of Hyderabad called the Purana Shahar (Old City), while the "New City" encompasses the urbanised area on the northern banks. The two are connected by many bridges across the river, the oldest of which is Purana Pul—("old bridge") built in 1578 AD. Hyderabad is twinned with neighbouring Secunderabad, to which it is connected by Hussain Sagar.Many historic and heritage sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as the Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Salar Jung Museum, Nizam Museum, Telangana High Court, Falaknuma Palace, Chowmahalla Palace and the traditional retail corridor comprising the Pearl Market, Laad Bazaar and Madina Circle. North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as Begum Bazaar, Koti, Abids, Sultan Bazar and Moazzam Jahi Market, along with administrative and recreational establishments such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Telangana Secretariat, the India Government Mint, the Telangana Legislature, the Public Gardens, Shahi Masjid, the Nizam Club, the Ravindra Bharathi, the State Museum, the Birla Temple and the Birla Planetarium.North of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road, Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad railway station. Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, the Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills, Jubilee Hills, Begumpet, Khairtabad, Tolichowki, Jagannath Temple and Miyapur. The northern end contains industrial areas such as Kukatpally, Sanathnagar, Moosapet, Balanagar, Patancheru and Chanda Nagar. The northeast end is dotted with residential areas such as Malkajgiri, Neredmet, A. S. Rao Nagar and Uppal. In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City. The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city, consisting of Madhapur and Gachibowli has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park.

Hyderabad Neighbourhoods

LOC Bella Vista Palace, LOC Telangana Legislature, PER Mir Osman Ali Khan, LOC Qutb Shahi, PER Vincent Esch, LOC Osmania Hospital, LOC State Archaeology Museum, PER Andrea Palladio, LOC Jubilee Hall, LOC Hyderabad High Court, LOC Golconda Fort, LOC Hyderabad, LOC State Central Library, LOC City College, LOC Musi River, LOC Charminar, LOC Qutb, PER Nizam, LOC King Kothi Palace, LOC Falaknuma Palace, LOC India, LOC Paigah Palace, LOC Purani Haveli, LOC Kacheguda, LOC Chowmahalla Palace

Heritage buildings constructed during the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval, Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India". Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of the Golconda Fort built in the 16th century. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards the fort. The Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. The Charminar, Golconda Fort and the Qutb Shahi tombs are considered to be monuments of national importance in India; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status.: 11–18 Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace, which was the seat of royal power. It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court. The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by the style of Andrea Palladio), Purani Haveli, King Kothi Palace and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture seen in many civic monuments such as the Hyderabad High Court, Osmania Hospital, City College and the Kacheguda railway station, all designed by Vincent Esch. Other landmark structures of the city constructed during his regin are the State Central Library, the Telangana Legislature, the State Archaeology Museum, Jubilee Hall, and Hyderabad railway station. Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace, Asman Garh Palace, Basheer Bagh Palace, Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque, all constructed by the Paigah family.: 16–17

Hyderabad Landmarks

ORG NFC, ORG National Mineral Development Corporation, ORG Defence Research and Development Organisation, ORG DRDO, ORG CDFD, ORG NMDC, ORG Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, ORG Andhra Bank, ORG State Bank of Hyderabad, ORG of Pearls, ORG Nuclear Fuel Complex, ORG Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, ORG HSE, ORG BHEL, LOC Mumbai, ORG Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, ORG CCMB, ORG Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Electronics Corporation of India Limited, ORG Golconda Diamonds, ORG Reserve Bank of India, ORG Bharat Electronics, ORG RBI, ORG SBH, ORG Hyderabad Securities, ORG AB, ORG BEL, LOC City, LOC Telangana, ORG SEBI, LOC India, ORG Securities and Exchange Board of India, ORG BSE, ORG ECIL, ORG Hyderabad Stock Exchange, ORG Nizams, ORG Bombay Stock Exchange, ORG HAL

Recent estimates of the economy of Hyderabad's metropolitan area have ranged from US$40-US$74 billion (PPP GDP), and have ranked it either fifth- or sixth- most productive metro area of India. Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP), tax and other revenues, of Telangana, and the sixth largest deposit centre and fourth largest credit centre nationwide, as ranked by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in June 2012. Its per capita annual income in 2011 was ₹44,300 (US$550). As of 2006, the largest employers in the city were the state government (113,098 employees) and central government (85,155). According to a 2005 survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed. The service industry remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce is engaged in this sector.Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "City of Pearls" and up until the 18th century, the city was the only global trading centre for diamonds known as Golconda Diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail. As of 2021, the IT exports from Hyderabad were ₹1,45,522 crore (US$19.66 billion), the city houses 1500 IT and ITES companies that provide 628,615 jobs.Hyderabad's commercial markets are divided into four sectors: central business districts, sub-central business centres, neighbourhood business centres and local business centres. Many traditional and historic bazaars are located throughout the city, Laad Bazaar being the prominent among all is popular for selling a variety of traditional and cultural antique wares, along with gems and pearls. The establishment of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city. As of 2010, the city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products, contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the "Genome Valley of India". Hyderabad is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as Cyberabad (Cyber City). As of 2013, it contributed 15% of India's and 98% of Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors and 22% of NASSCOM's total membership is from the city. The development of HITEC City, a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad. The city is home to more than 1300 IT and ITES firms that provide employment for 407,000 individuals; the global conglomerates include Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Google, IBM, Yahoo!, Oracle Corporation, Dell, Facebook, CISCO,: 3  and major Indian firms including Tech Mahindra, Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Polaris, Cyient and Wipro.: 3  In 2009 the World Bank Group ranked the city as the second best Indian city for doing business. The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of special economic zones of any Indian city.The Automotive industry in Hyderabad is also emerging and making it an automobile hub. Automobile companies including as Hyundai, Hyderabad Allwyn, Praga Tools, HMT Bearings, Ordnance Factory Medak, Deccan Auto and Mahindra & Mahindra have units in the Hyderabad economic zone. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Maruti Suzuki and Triton Energy will invest in Hyderabad.Like the rest of India, Hyderabad has a large informal economy that employs 30% of the labour force.: 71  According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 street vendors, and their numbers were increasing.: 9  Among the street vendors, 84% are male and 16% female,: 12  and four fifths are "stationary vendors" operating from a fixed pitch, often with their own stall.: 15–16  Most are financed through personal savings; only 8% borrow from moneylenders.: 19  Vendor earnings vary from ₹50 (63¢ US) to ₹800 (US$10) per day.: 25  Other unorganised economic sectors include dairy, poultry farming, brick manufacturing, casual labour and domestic help. Those involved in the informal economy constitute a major portion of urban poor.: 71

Hyderabad Economy

LOC India, LOC South, LOC Delhi, LOC Hyderabad, PER Nizam, LOC Telangana

Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian subcontinent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.: viii  A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana. The mixing of religions has resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali and Bonalu of Hindu tradition and Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha by Muslims.Traditional Hyderabadi garb reveals a mix of Muslim and Hindu influences with men wearing sherwani and kurta–paijama and women wearing khara dupatta and salwar kameez. Most Muslim women wear burqa and hijab outdoors. In addition to the traditional Hindu and Muslim garments, increasing exposure to western cultures has led to a rise in the wearing of western style clothing among youths.

Hyderabad Culture

ORG Sundarayya Vignana Kendram, PER Mah Laqa Bai, ORG Sahitya Akademi, ORG National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, ORG Andhra Saraswata Parishad, PER Asaf Jahi, ORG State Central Library, ORG Urdu Academy, ORG Comparative Literature Association of India, ORG British Library, PER Qutb, ORG Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, LOC Qutb Shahi, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Telugu Academy

In the past, Qutb Shahi rulers and Asaf Jahi Nizams attracted artists, architects, and men of letters from different parts of the world through patronage. The resulting ethnic mix popularised cultural events such as mushairas (poetic symposia), Qawwali (devotional songs) and Dholak ke Geet (traditional folk songs). The Qutb Shahi dynasty particularly encouraged the growth of Deccani literature leading to works such as the Deccani Masnavi and Diwan poetry, which are among the earliest available manuscripts in Urdu. Lazzat Un Nisa, a book compiled in the 15th century at Qutb Shahi courts, contains erotic paintings with diagrams for secret medicines and stimulants in the eastern form of ancient sexual arts. The reign of the Asaf Jahi Nizams saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education. In 1824, a collection of Urdu Ghazal poetry, named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa, authored by Mah Laqa Bai—the first female Urdu poet to produce a Diwan—was published in Hyderabad. Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity. Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad. Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.

Hyderabad Literature

LOC Ravindra Bharati, LOC North, LOC Numaish, LOC India, ORG Dollywood, LOC Ramoji Film City, LOC Shilpakala Vedika, LOC Lamakaan, LOC Lalithakala Thoranam, PER Shyam Benegal, ORG Tollywood, LOC Deccan, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Guinness World Records

South Indian music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam styles are popular in the Deccan region. As a result of their culture policies, North Indian music and dance gained popularity during the rule of the Mughals and Nizams, and it was also during their reign that it became a tradition among the nobility to associate themselves with tawaif (courtesans). These courtesans were revered as the epitome of etiquette and culture, and were appointed to teach singing, poetry, and classical dance to many children of the aristocracy. This gave rise to certain styles of court music, dance and poetry. Besides western and Indian popular music genres such as filmi music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based marfa music, Dholak ke Geet (household songs based on local folklore), and qawwali, especially at weddings, festivals and other celebratory events. The state government organises the Golconda Music and Dance Festival, the Taramati Music Festival and the Premavathi Dance Festival to further encourage the development of music.Although the city is not particularly noted for theatre and drama, the state government promotes theatre with multiple programmes and festivals in such venues as the Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika, Lalithakala Thoranam and Lamakaan. Although not a purely music oriented event, Numaish, a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products, does feature some musical performances.The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood. In the 1970s, Deccani language realist films by globally acclaimed Shyam Benegal started a movement of coming of age art films in India, which came to be known as parallel cinema. The Deccani film industry ("Dollywood") produces films in the local Hyderabadi dialect, which have gained regional popularity since 2005. The city has hosted international film festivals such as the International Children's Film Festival and the Hyderabad International Film Festival. In 2005, Guinness World Records declared Ramoji Film City to be the world's largest film studio.

Hyderabad Music and films

PER Zari, LOC Andhra Pradesh, LOC City Museum, LOC Telangana State Archaeology Museum, LOC Nizam Museum, LOC Birla Science Museum, LOC Karnataka, LOC Deccan, LOC Golconda, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Salar Jung Museum, PER Zardozi, ORG WTO, LOC Mysore

The region is well known for its Golconda and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of Deccan painting. Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style. The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the Nizams. Highly influenced by Mughal painting, this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes, and jewellery.Although not a centre for handicrafts itself, the patronage of the arts by the Mughals and Nizams attracted artisans from the region to Hyderabad. Such crafts include: Wootz steel, Filigree work, Bidriware, a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring Karnataka, which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the auspices of the WTO act; and Zari and Zardozi, embroidery works on textile that involve making elaborate designs using gold, silver and other metal threads. Chintz—a glazed calico textiles was originated in Golconda in 16th century. and another example of a handicraft drawn to Hyderabad is Kalamkari, a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile that comes from cities in Andhra Pradesh. This craft is distinguished in having both a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti and entirely done by hand, and an Islamic style, known as Machilipatnam which uses both hand and block techniques. Examples of Hyderabad's arts and crafts are housed in various museums including the Salar Jung Museum (housing "one of the largest one-man-collections in the world"), the Telangana State Archaeology Museum, the Nizam Museum, the City Museum and the Birla Science Museum.

Hyderabad Art and handicrafts

ORG UNESCO, LOC Hyderabad

Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and the skilled use of various spices. Hyderabad is listed by UNESCO as a creative city of gastronomy. The Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, carry the national Geographical Indications tag. Hyderabadi cuisine is influenced to some extent by French, but more by Arabic, Turkish, Iranian and native Telugu and Marathwada cuisines. Popular native dishes include nihari, chakna, baghara baingan and the desserts qubani ka meetha, double ka meetha and kaddu ki kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).

Hyderabad Cuisine

ORG The Hindu, ORG Eenadu, ORG Star TV, ORG All India Radio, ORG Big FM, ORG The Munsif Daily, ORG Sakshi, ORG Secunderabad Cantonment Board, ORG Deccan Radio, LOC Hyderabad, ORG The Deccan Times, ORG The Times of India, ORG Red FM, ORG Namasthe Telangana, ORG Fever FM, ORG Radio Mirchi, ORG Etemaad, LOC Hyderabad State, ORG Radio City, ORG Deccan Chronicle, ORG The Siasat Daily, LOC India, ORG Doordarshan, ORG Kool 104 FM

One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s. Major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are Eenadu, Sakshi and Namasthe Telangana, while major English papers are The Times of India, The Hindu and Deccan Chronicle. The major Urdu papers include The Siasat Daily, The Munsif Daily and Etemaad. The Secunderabad Cantonment Board established the first radio station in Hyderabad State around 1919. Deccan Radio was the first radio public broadcast station in the city starting on 3 February 1935, with FM broadcasting beginning in 2000. Kool 104 FM was Hyderabad's first international radio station. The available channels in Hyderabad include All India Radio, Radio Mirchi, Radio City, Red FM, Big FM and Fever FM.Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan, the government of India's public service broadcaster, which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of Star TV. Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription, direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television. Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies. The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector internet service provider (ISP) starting operations in 1998. In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city.

Hyderabad Media

ORG Osmania University, ORG Nizam ' s Institute of Medical Sciences, ORG National Institute of Nutrition, ORG JNTUH, ORG Maulana Azad National Urdu University, ORG OU, ORG Board of Secondary Education, ORG Central Board of Secondary Education, ORG NLU, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Telangana, ORG Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, ORG Osmania Medical College, ORG National Geophysical Research Institute, ORG Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, ORG Deccan College of Medical Sciences, ORG National Institute of Rural Development, ORG NIPER, ORG Indian School of Business, ORG Government Nizamia Tibbi College, ORG Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test, ORG NIN, ORG Administrative Staff College of India, LOC India, ORG Institute of Public Enterprise, ORG Indian Heart Association, ORG National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ORG NALSAR University of Law, ORG Hyderabad Central University, ORG Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, ORG HCU, ORG Gandhi Medical College, ORG University of Hyderabad, ORG Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, ORG All India Institute of Medical Sciences, ORG English and Foreign Languages University

Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Board of Secondary Education, Telangana or Central Board of Secondary Education, depending on the affiliation and follow a "10+2+3" plan. About two-thirds of pupils attend privately run institutions. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu. Depending on the institution, students are required to sit the Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education. After completing secondary education, students enroll in schools or junior colleges with higher secondary facilities. Admission to professional graduation colleges in Hyderabad, many of which are affiliated with either Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) or Osmania University (OU), is through the Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test (EAM-CET).There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities, and three central universities. The central universities are the University of Hyderabad (Hyderabad Central University, HCU), Maulana Azad National Urdu University and the English and Foreign Languages University. Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012 is India's second most popular institution for international students. The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, established in 1982, is the first distance-learning open university in India.Hyderabad is home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. An All India Institute of Medical Sciences has been sanctioned in the outskirts of Hyderabad. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.Institutes in Hyderabad include the National Institute of Rural Development, NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad (NLU), the Indian School of Business, the National Geophysical Research Institute, the Institute of Public Enterprise, the Administrative Staff College of India and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Technical and engineering schools include the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IIITH), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad (BITS Hyderabad), Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management Hyderabad Campus (GITAM Hyderabad Campus), and Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H) as well as agricultural engineering institutes such as the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Hyderabad also has schools of fashion design including Raffles Millennium International, NIFT Hyderabad and Wigan and Leigh College. The National Institute of Design, Hyderabad (NID-H), will offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses from 2015.

Hyderabad Education

ORG Sunrisers Hyderabad, ORG Nizam Club, LOC Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, LOC India, ORG Hyderabad FC, ORG Deccan Chargers, LOC Secunderabad, LOC Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex, ORG Hyderabad Race Club, LOC Gachibowli, ORG Secunderabad Club, LOC Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, LOC Deccan, LOC G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Andhra Pradesh Motor Sports Club, ORG Hyderabad Cricket Association

At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 National Games of India, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open women's tennis tournament, the 2007 Military World Games, the 2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship. The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex for field hockey, the G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium in Gachibowli for athletics and football, and for cricket, the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association. Hyderabad has hosted many international cricket matches, including matches in the 1987 and the 1996 ICC Cricket World Cups. The Hyderabad cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy—a first-class cricket tournament among India's states and cities. Hyderabad is home to the Indian Premier League franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad—previously Deccan Chargers—is the champion of 2009 Indian Premier League and 2016 Indian Premier League. The new professional football club of the city Hyderabad FC champions of 2021-22 Indian Super League.During British rule, Secunderabad became a well-known sporting centre and many race courses, parade grounds and polo fields were built.: 18  Many elite clubs formed by the Nizams and the British such as the Secunderabad Club, the Nizam Club and the Hyderabad Race Club, which is known for its horse racing especially the annual Deccan derby, still exist. In more recent times, motorsports has become popular with the Andhra Pradesh Motor Sports Club organising popular events such as the Deccan 1⁄4 Mile Drag, TSD Rallies and 4x4 off-road rallying.

Hyderabad Sports

ORG Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities, ORG Indian Railways, ORG Setwin, ORG Hyderabad Metro, LOC Jammu, LOC Kashmir, LOC Begumpet, LOC NH, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Hyderabad Elevated Expressway, LOC Hyderabad Deccan, LOC Inner Ring Road, LOC Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station, LOC Outer Ring Road, LOC Lingampalli, LOC India, LOC Secunderabad, LOC South Central Railway, LOC Srinagar, LOC Kacheguda, LOC Malkajgiri

As of 2018, the most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Hyderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. These altogether serve 3.5 million passengers daily. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre with a fleet of 3800 buses serving 3.3 million passengers.Hyderabad Metro—(a light-rail rapid transit system) was inaugurated in November 2017. As of 2020 it is a 3 track network spread upon 69.2 km (43 mi) with 57 stations, it is the second-largest metro rail network in India. Hyderabad's Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS), is a three-line suburban rail service with 121 services carrying 180,000 passengers daily. Complementing these government services are minibus routes operated by Setwin (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities). Intercity rail services operate from Hyderabad; the main, and largest, station is Secunderabad railway station, which serves as Indian Railways' South Central Railway zone headquarters and a hub for both buses and MMTS light rail services connecting Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Other major railway stations in Hyderabad are Hyderabad Deccan, Kacheguda, Begumpet, Malkajgiri and Lingampalli.As of 2018, there are over 5.3 million vehicles operating in the city, of which 4.3 million are two-wheelers and 1.04 million four-wheelers. The large number of vehicles coupled with relatively low road coverage—roads occupy only 9.5% of the total city area: 79 —has led to widespread traffic congestion especially since 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are transported by road.: 3  The Inner Ring Road, the Outer Ring Road, the Hyderabad Elevated Expressway, the longest flyover in India, and various interchanges, overpasses and underpasses were built to ease congestion. Maximum speed limits within the city are 50 km/h (31 mph) for two-wheelers and cars, 35 km/h (22 mph) for auto rickshaws and 40 km/h (25 mph) for light commercial vehicles and buses.Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-44 runs 3,963 km (2,462 mi) from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-65, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh connects Hyderabad and Suryapet with Pune, Maharashtra; 334 km (208 mi) NH-163 links Hyderabad and Bhopalpatnam, Chhattisgarh; 270 km (168 mi) NH-765 links Hyderabad to Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh. Five state highways, 225 km (140 mi) SH-1 links Hyderabad, to Ramagundam, SH-2, SH-4, and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.: 58 Air traffic was previously handled via Begumpet Airport established in 1930, but this was replaced by Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) (IATA: HYD, ICAO: VOHS) in 2008, capable of handling 25 million passengers and 150,000 metric-tonnes of cargo per annum. In 2020, Airports Council International, an autonomous body representing the world's airports, judged RGIA the Best Airport in Environment and Ambience and the Best Airport by Size and Region in the 15-25 million passenger category.

Hyderabad Transport

LOC Central Railway, LOC Mumbai, ORG Vipassana International Academy, LOC Nashik Road, LOC Sahyadri, LOC Dhammagiri, LOC Thal Ghat, LOC Nashik, LOC Mumbai CST, LOC Hill Station, ORG Vipassana Center, LOC Egutpoora, LOC Maharashtra, LOC Kasara, LOC Igatpuri, LOC Western Ghats, LOC Nashik District, LOC Agra

Igatpuri (Pronunciation: [iɡət̪puɾiː]; formerly known as Egutpoora) is a town and a Hill Station. It is also a municipal council in Nashik District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the Western Ghats. Igatpuri railway station lies in Nashik District between Mumbai and Nashik Road on the Central Railway. Igatpuri is known for Vipassana International Academy, where ancient technique of meditation is taught called Vipassana. The place is one of the best places to visit in Maharashtra in monsoon. It is a hill station on busy Mumbai-Agra NH-3 only 45 km from Nashik and 130 km from Mumbai. Igatpuri railway station is a major railway station connecting Igatpuri to Mumbai. The station is known for its surrounding scenery, wada pao and idlis sold by vendors to commuters traveling in the train. The exit of Igatpuri railway station signals the proximity of Mumbai on down route. Igatpuri is surrounded by the highest peaks in Sahyadri i.e. Western Ghats, most of them are forts built in Satavahana dynasty. It's heavenly for trekkers and hikers, Most Indian (Hindi) movie outdoor scenes specially songs are shot in Igatpuri region. Igatpuri is a place of significance in terms of Vipassana meditation. The International Centre for Vipassana meditation called Dhammagiri, supposedly the largest Vipassana Center, is located here. This region consists of those mountains which are accessed by trains going from Mumbai CST to Kasara and Igatpuri. Local trains only go up to Kasara, and don't climb the Thal Ghat from Kasara to Igatpuri. Hence to go to Igatpuri, one has to either take a long distance train or reach Kasara by a suburban train and then take a bus uphill.

Igatpuri Introduction

LOC Igatpuri

It has an average elevation of 600 metres. Average annual rainfall in Igatpuri is 3498mm.

Igatpuri Geography

LOC Igatpuri, LOC Patharvat

As of 2001 India census, Igatpuri had a population of 31,572. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Igatpuri has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 67%. In Igatpuri, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. People of Agri community can be found in the city, they are also called Patharvat.

Igatpuri Demographics

LOC Guwahati, LOC Howrah, LOC Central, LOC NH, LOC New Delhi, LOC Igatpuri, LOC Mumbai, LOC Agra

Igatpuri is well connected by rail and road. By NH-3 to Agra and by, Central Railway to Mumbai, Howrah, Guwahati, New Delhi, etc. It is a major railway station, As Loco Changes are made here for trains from and to Mumbai.

Igatpuri Accessibility

PER Lord, LOC Pravara River, LOC Dhammagiri, LOC Ghatandevi temple, LOC Bhatsa River Valley, LOC Maharashtra, LOC Bhatsa, LOC Mumbai, LOC Ghatandevi Temple, LOC Ghatandevi, LOC Tringalwadi Fort, LOC Dhamma Giri Meditation Centre, LOC Harihar, LOC Igatpuri, LOC Bhavali dam, LOC Amruteshwar Temple, LOC Bhatsa River, LOC Arthur Lake, PER N. Goenka, LOC Durrar Utvad, LOC Sahya, LOC Trimak, PER Buddha, PER Shiva, LOC Girisagar Waterfall, LOC India, LOC Sahyadri, LOC Bhandardara, LOC Ratangad Fort, ORG ., LOC Mount Kalsubai, PER S, LOC Thal Ghat, LOC Kalsubai Peak

Tourism is the most significant segment of the Igatpuri's economy. Following are the places most visited by tourists : Bhatsa River Valley: The Bhatsa river valley is situated at the end of the Thal Ghat, just before entering Igatpuri from Mumbai. The valley lies in the basin of the majestic Bhatsa River. Arthur Lake: A few km from Igatpuri, lies a huge and placid Arthur Lake, set like a huge jewel amidst the dense greenery. The lake is formed by the waters of the Pravara River in the Bhandardara region. Kalsubai Peak About 35 km from Igatpuri is the highest peak in the Sahyadri ranges. Amruteshwar Temple: Built in 11th century AD, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Constructed in a distinct Hemadpanti style, the temple is surrounded by lush green fields and Mount Kalsubai the highest mountain in Maharashtra. From here a further excursion leads to the Ratangad Fort. One can access this temple by road or an 8 km boat ride on Arthur Lake. Dhamma Giri Meditation Centre: Founded by S.N.Goenka, Dhammagiri is a meditation centre offers courses in Vipasana (insight meditation) a technique taught by the Buddha in India, 2,500 years ago. The large Golden Pagoda, the central theme of Dhammagiri serves as a landmark for Igatpuri. The centre attracts a lots of people from various parts of India as well as abroad. More on Dhammagiri, visit at www.giri.dhamma.org Ghatandevi Temple: Just ahead of Igatpuri, after crossing the camel Valley, comes across a small road, which leads to the Ghatandevi temple. According to the locals belief, Ghatandevi is the Protector of Ghats. The mountains of Durrar Utvad, Trimak and Harihar forms a spectacular backdrop. Behind the temple lies the Tringalwadi Fort. Girisagar Waterfall: This majestic waterfall near the beautiful Bhavali dam greets you to enjoy its timeless beauty amidst the fog and lush green forests. There are a ton of top attractions in close proximity of the falls and a viewpoint just above provides a great view of the Sahyadris. The waterfall is 17 km from Igatpuri train station, inside Jamunda Hills. Igatpuri Cemetery It lies on a hillock, North of the town. Soldiers died while fighting the great war in India are buried here. Tringalwadi Fort: It is situated at an altitude of 3,000 feet above the sea level. Since it is located very high, the fort offers views of the locality, including Kulang and Kalsubai mountain ranges. The fort attracts trekkers also. The top of the fort is shaped like a Turban. A temple dedicated to lord Hanuman is nearby. An architectural marvel, the fort can be accessed through a narrow pathway, down to the Tringalwadi Lake. Just a few km away from Tringalwadi Lake is Talegaon Lake formed by the small Talegaon Dam. Camel Valley: A few metres away from Bhatsa river valley, on the right is the camel valley. On the other side of the valley is a waterfall formed by the rain waters and one have to walk over and look down to find a slope that falls over 1, 000 ft. The waterfall is the chief attraction of this place. The Five Waterfalls: A little further from Ghatandevi, the rough road leading to the railway line begins. Across the railway line, while climbing down, falling one below the other, are five waterfalls that form which are main attraction for tourists in Igatpuri.

Igatpuri Tourism

ORG Janta Vidyalaya and Junior College, LOC NH, ORG Mahatama Gandhi High School, ORG Holy Family Convent High School, ORG V. N. Patil Madhyamik Va Uchcha Madhyamik Mahavidyalaya, ORG Wonderland High School, ORG GSTMahavidyalaya, ORG Panchavati English Medium School and Junior College, ORG B. S. E, ORG K. P. G. Arts, Commerce & Science College, LOC Igatpuri, ORG C. B. S. E., ORG NSPM, ORG Junior College

Holy Family Convent High School (English). Mahatama Gandhi High School (Marathi, Semi-English); . Wonderland High School and Junior College (English) (C.B.S.E) from 2019. Panchavati English Medium School and Junior College (C.B.S.E.), NH.3. Janta Vidyalaya and Junior College (Marathi). K.P.G. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Igatpuri. V. N. Patil Madhyamik Va Uchcha Madhyamik Mahavidyalaya (Arts & Science) NSPM Arts & Commerce. GSTMahavidyalaya, Igatpuri.

Igatpuri Schools in Igatpuri

LOC Kangla Fort, LOC Kingdom of Manipur, LOC Kangla Palace, LOC Manipur, LOC Imphal, ORG Smart Cities Mission, ORG Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, LOC Imphal West, LOC Imphal East

Imphal (Meitei pronunciation: /im.pʰal/; English pronunciation: ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Manipur. The metropolitan centre of the city contains the ruins of Kangla Palace (officially known as Kangla Fort), the royal seat of the former Kingdom of Manipur, surrounded by a moat. Spread over parts of the districts of Imphal West and Imphal East, the former contains the majority of the city's area and population. Imphal is part of the Smart Cities Mission under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Imphal Introduction

PER Bhagyachandra, PER Khaba, LOC Kangla Palace, PER Senapati Tikendrajit, LOC India, LOC Imphal, PER J. W. Quinton, PER Khagemba, PER Maharaj Gambhir Singh, PER Pakhangba, ORG Ningthouja, PER Khunjaoba

Initially ruled by King Khaba, Imphal was later ruled by the Pakhangba leaders. The clan of the Ningthouja tribe originated then. The Ningthouja tribe quickly expanded and dominated the region in politics and war. Kangla Palace was built by King Khagemba and his son Khunjaoba. The palace was later destroyed by the British during the Anglo-Manipur War. During the reign of Maharaja Bhagyachandra, there were a number of Burmese invasions. However, the kingdom survived with the help of Maharaj Gambhir Singh. Imphal remained peaceful until 1891, when there were internal differences in the royal family. The British sent J.W. Quinton to help but the situation only grew worse and Senapati Tikendrajit was hanged. The autocratic British behavior made people angry. This resulted in the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War, which the British won.The Battle of Imphal took place between March and July 1944, during World War II. The Japanese had invaded Imphal to destroy Allied forces and then invade India, but they were defeated and forced to retreat. The attack made the British realise the militarily strategic position of Imphal.

Imphal History

LOC Imphal, LOC Imphal Valley, LOC India

Imphal lies in the Imphal Valley surrounded by nine ranges of hills at 24.8074°N 93.9384°E / 24.8074; 93.9384 in extreme eastern India, with an average elevation of 786 metres (2,579 ft). It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with cool, dry winters and a slightly hot monsoon season. Imphal enjoys a moderate climate tempered by its high altitude and the surrounding hills. Maximum temperatures in the hottest months average about 29 °C (84 °F); January is the coldest month, with average lows near 4 °C (39 °F), often drops to around 2 °C in the coldest nights and rarely drops below freezing point. The city receives about 1,320 mm (52 in) of rain, with June the wettest month. The highest recorded temperature was 35.6 °C (96.1 °F), on 22 May 2009, and the lowest temperature was −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) on 10 January 1970.

Imphal Geography and climate

ORG Imphal Municipal Council, LOC Imphal, LOC Pakhangba, LOC Kangla Fort

At the time of the 2011 census, Imphal Municipal Council had a population of 277,196, of which 135,059 were males and 142,137 females. Imphal had a sex ratio of 1052 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 90.8%: 95.1% for males and 86.77% for females. 29,216 (10.54%) were under 6 years of age, 14,997 being males and 14,219 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 1,274 (0.46%) and 29,778 (10.74%) of the population respectively. Hinduism is the majority religion in Imphal. Sanamahi followers are the second-largest group, and Imphal in particular contains a famous Pakhangba temple in Kangla Fort. Christianity is the third-largest religion, practiced mainly by the hill tribes in Imphal. Islam is a minority religion practiced by the Pangals, while Buddhism is practiced by the Gorkhas and Jainism by migrants from the mainland. At the time of the 2011 census, 82.80% of the population spoke Manipuri, 3.65% Kabui, 2.20% Hindi, 1.39% Thadou, 1.31% Tangkhul, 1.18% Nepali, 1.11% Bengali, 1.10% Bhojpuri and 1.00% Kuki as their first language.

Imphal Demographics

LOC Imphal, ORG Imphal Municipal Corporation

Imphal is the state capital as well as the headquarters of the Imphal district. The civic administration of the city is under Imphal Municipal Corporation.

Imphal Government and politics

ORG Manipur Administration, ORG Ward Development Committees, LOC Manipur, LOC Assam, PER Laisangbam Lokeshwar, PER Sujata Phaomei, ORG Imphal Municipal Board, ORG Board, PER H. W. G. Cole, ORG Imphal Municipal Corporation, ORG Municipal Board, ORG Municipal Council, ORG Municipal Corporation, LOC India, LOC Imphal, ORG BJP, ORG Town Fund Board, ORG British Reserve, ORG INC, PER Soram Sunil

According to Census 2011, Imphal constitutes 42.13% of the total urban population in Manipur. Hence, the history of urban local governance is longer in Imphal than in other parts of the state. The British established the Town Fund Board in Imphal in 1915, which was headed by the then Political Agent Lt. Col. H.W.G. Cole and other nominated members. The Town Fund Board continued after Independence and merger with India in 1949 and it was not headed by the Chief Secretary of Manipur Administration. In 1956, the Assam Municipal Act, 1923 was extended to Manipur and the Imphal Municipal Board was formed with 12 elected members. The strength of the elected members of this Board was increased to 24 in 1961 and to 28 in 1972. Initially, the Municipal Board was established only to administer the areas in Imphal under the British Reserve, covering 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) and 2,862 inhabitants. This was extended to 17.48 km2 (6.75 sq mi) in 1960, 18.25 km2 (7.05 sq mi) in 1970, and 76.58 km2 (29.57 sq mi) in 1972.In 1992, the Municipal Board was upgraded to a Municipal Council under the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994. In 2014, the council was upgraded to the status of Municipal Corporation. There are 27 wards under the Municipal Corporation, each with its own elected councillor. There are eight committees and five sections at the corporation to govern the administration of the city.There are Ward Development Committees in each ward to look after developmental activities at the ward level. The local ward councillor is the chairperson of the committee, which includes two elected and two nominated members as well. The last election to the corporation was in 2016, with INC winning 12 seats, BJP winning 10 seats, and independent candidates winning 5 seats. According to the Manipur Municipality Act, 1994, the mayor is indirectly elected by the elected councillors from amongst themselves. The first mayor of the corporation was Soram Sunil and was elected in 2016. The present mayor of Imphal Municipal Corporation is Laisangbam Lokeshwar and was elected to the position in 2017. Sujata Phaomei is the present Deputy Mayor.

Imphal Civic administration

ORG Lok, LOC Manipur, LOC Outer Manipur, LOC Imphal, ORG Constituency, ORG Inner Manipur, ORG Bharatiya Janata Party, PER Rajkumar Ranjan Singh, LOC Inner Manipur

Manipur is divided into two constituencies for the purpose of Lok Sabha - Outer Manipur Parliamentary Constituency and Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency. Imphal city is part of the Inner Manipur Parliamentary Constituency. The last elections took place during the 2019 Indian general elections. Rajkumar Ranjan Singh from the Bharatiya Janata Party won the election with 2,63,632 votes.

Imphal Representation in parliament

ORG Waste, LOC Manipur, ORG Public Works Department, LOC Imphal, ORG Public Health and Engineering Department, ORG Manipur State Power Distribution Company Limited, ORG Department of Fire Services, ORG Imphal Municipal Corporation

Manipur State Power Distribution Company Limited is responsible for electricity supply in the city. Public Health and Engineering Department of the Manipur Government looks after both water supply, and sewage and drainage in Imphal. Roads in the city are developed and maintained by the state Public Works Department. Imphal Municipal Corporation is responsible for Solid Waste Management. The state Department of Fire Services provides fire safety services in the city with one fire station, which is also the department headquarters.

Imphal Civic amenities

LOC Manipur, LOC Ima Keithel, ORG Japanese Forces, ORG Mothers ' Market, LOC Imphal West District, LOC Red Hill, LOC Imphal River, LOC Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple, ORG Commonwealth War Graves Commission, LOC Maklang, LOC India Peace Memorial, LOC Kangla Fort, LOC Kangla Palace, LOC Imphal War Cemetery, ORG Indian National Army, PER Pakhangba, LOC Red Hills, LOC Imphal, LOC Bihu Loukon, ORG British Army, LOC Asia

Imphal offers sites of religious and historical importance within and around the city. Kangla Palace (also known as Kangla Fort) is on the banks of the Imphal River. Kangla means "dry land" in the Meitei language. It was the palace of King Pakhangba, and has religious significance with multiple temples present within the complex. It is also significant in Manipur's history with the British. Bihu Loukon is an ancient star-shaped fort made of mud situated in Maklang, Imphal West District. It was discovered in 2013. Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple is religious site important to both the local religion, Sanamahism, and to Hinduism. The temple is noted for its annual Durga Puja festival.India Peace Memorial at the Red Hills is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Imphal. The place was the scene of action and the theater of the battle that took place between the British Army and the Japanese Forces fighting alongside the Indian National Army in World War II. Red Hill has now become a tourist attraction since the Japanese war veterans constructed a monument at the foot of this hill. The Imphal War Cemetery remembers Indian and British soldiers who fought and died in 1944 during World War II and is managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.Imphal is also home to the largest all women run market in Asia, called the Ima Keithel (Mothers' Market). It was established in the 16th century and hosts around 5,000–6,000 women vendors who sell a variety of products.

Imphal Tourist attractions

LOC Tulihal International Airport

Tulihal International Airport is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the city and has direct flights to major Indian cities.

Imphal Air

LOC Guwahati, LOC Kohima, LOC Aizawl, LOC National Highway, LOC Imphal, LOC Shillong, LOC Lamka, LOC Silchar, LOC Agartala, LOC Dimapur

Imphal is connected by the National Highway to major cities like Lamka, Guwahati, Kohima, Agartala, Shillong, Dimapur, Aizawl, and Silchar.

Imphal Road

LOC Jiribam, LOC India, LOC Imphal, LOC Silchar, ORG Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure

In October 2012, India's Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved an extension of the Jiribam–Silchar railway to Imphal. The extension was expected to reach the city by 2019. The total length of the railway line is 110.62 km. The revised estimated cost of construction for the railway line sits at Rs 9658 crore, with Rs 4927.54 crore being spent as of 2019.

Imphal Railway

ORG NEROCA FC, LOC Imphal, LOC Khuman Lampak Main Stadium, ORG TRAU FC, LOC Khuman Lampak Sports Complex

Khuman Lampak Main Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Imphal. It is used mostly for football and athletics. The stadium holds 30,000 people and was built in 1999. This stadium lies inside the Khuman Lampak Sports Complex. Imphal based professional football clubs NEROCA FC and TRAU FC of I-League play their home matches at this stadium.

Imphal Sports

ORG National Sports University Manipur University of Culture, ORG Manipur Central University Central Agricultural University

Manipur Central University Central Agricultural University National Sports University Manipur University of Culture

Imphal Universities

ORG Indian Institute of Information Technology, ORG Manipur Institute of Technology, LOC Manipur, ORG National Institute of Technology, ORG Manipur Technical University

Indian Institute of Information Technology, Manipur Manipur Institute of Technology National Institute of Technology, Manipur Manipur Technical University

Imphal Technical colleges

ORG Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Science

Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Science

Imphal Medical colleges

LOC Koirengei, LOC Nambol, ORG Herbert School Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, ORG Changangei Dav Public School, LOC Bishnupur District, ORG Ragailong Catholic School, ORG St. John English High School, ORG Canchipur Comet School, LOC Thangmeiband, ORG Kids ' Foundation School, LOC CCpur, LOC Ukrul, ORG Central Board of Secondary Education, LOC Bishnupur, LOC Lamphelpat, ORG St. Joseph School, ORG Meci Explorer Academy Changangei Kendriya Vidyalaya, ORG St. Anthony ' s English School & College Imphal, LOC Khumbong, ORG St. Paul ' s English School Sanfort International School & College Imphal Sangai Higher Secondary Public School, ORG Don Bosco School, ORG Guru Nanak, ORG Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Board, ORG Senapati Johnstone Higher Secondary Public School, LOC Imphal, LOC Chingmeirong, ORG Little Flower School Lodestar Public School Manipur Public School Sainik International School & College Imphal Savio English Higher Secondary Public School, LOC Thoubal, ORG Areca School, LOC Tamenglong, ORG Kendriya Vidyalaya, ORG Langjing Nirmalabas High School, ORG Ghari Maria International Montessori School

There are many schools in Imphal affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Board, as well as state government schools. Areca School, Ragailong Catholic School, Canchipur Comet School, Changangei Dav Public School, Chingmeirong Don Bosco School Imphal, Chingmeirong Guru Nanak Public School Herbert School Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Khumbong (Imphal west), Imphal east, Bishnupur, CCpur, Ukrul, Thoubal, Tamenglong and Senapati Johnstone Higher Secondary Public School Kids' Foundation School, Ghari Maria International Montessori School, Koirengei Meci Explorer Academy Changangei Kendriya Vidyalaya No 1 Imphal, Lamphelpat Kendriya Vidyalaya No 2 Imphal, Langjing Nirmalabas High School, Imphal Little Flower School Lodestar Public School Manipur Public School Sainik International School & College Imphal Savio English Higher Secondary Public School, Thangmeiband St. Anthony's English School & College Imphal St. John English High School, Nambol, Bishnupur District St. Joseph School St. Paul's English School Sanfort International School & College Imphal Sangai Higher Secondary Public School

Imphal Schools

LOC Catholic Medical, ORG Research, LOC Imphal Hospital, ORG Hospital, LOC Raj Medicity Sky Hospital, LOC Imphal, LOC Advanced, LOC Maipakpi Maternity and Child Hospital Iboyaima Hospital, LOC Mother, ORG Horizon Hospital, ORG Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, LOC Asian Hospital Lamjingba Hospital, ORG Apex Hospital, ORG Research Institute, ORG ' s Care Hospital, LOC Jawaharlal, ORG Regional Institute of Medical Sciences

Imphal has many private and government hospitals that are open 24 hours. Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Shija Hospitals & Research Institutes City Hospital Imphal Hospital Raj Medicity Sky Hospital and Research Institute Mother's Care Hospital and Research Centre Apex Hospital Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences Horizon Hospital and Research Institute Advanced Hospital Catholic Medical Centre Maipakpi Maternity and Child Hospital Iboyaima Hospital Asian Hospital Lamjingba Hospital

Imphal Healthcare

PER Mengoubi, PER Uttam Leishangthem Singh, LOC Manipur, PER Sushila Chanu, PER M. K. Binodini Devi, PER Dheeraj Singh Moirangthem, PER Armstrong Pame, PER Thiyam, ORG Imphal Chorus Theatre, PER Binalakshmi Nepram, PER Yumlembam Gambhini Devi, PER Mary Kom, ORG FC Goa, PER Nilakanta Sharma, PER Bombayla Devi Laishram, PER Dingko Singh, PER Saikhom Mirabai Chanu, PER Ngairangbam Bijoy Singh, ORG National School of Drama, PER Irom Chanu Sharmila, PER Loitongbam Ashalata Devi, PER Neelamani Devi, LOC Tokyo, LOC India, ORG Government of India, PER Iron Lady, PER Robert Naorem

M. K. Binodini Devi, novelist, short story writer, playwright and a member of the royal family of Manipur Yumlembam Gambhini Devi, recipient of the 1988 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Padma Shri in 2005 for her contributions to Manipuri dance and musicRatan Thiyam, theatre director and chairman of the Imphal Chorus Theatre, former chairman at National School of Drama Neelamani Devi, craftswoman and master potter who was awarded the Padma Shri in 2007 for her contributions to the art of pottery making Mary Kom, boxer and national representative at world sports events Saikhom Mirabai Chanu, Indian weightlifter who won the silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics Dingko Singh, boxer who won a gold medal at the 1998 Asian Games and was awarded the Padma Shri in 2013 Ngairangbam Bijoy Singh, doctor and politician Uttam Leishangthem Singh, footballer Binalakshmi Nepram, humanitarian, author, and female activist for gender rights and women-led disarmament movements in Manipur and northeast India Irom Chanu Sharmila, also known as the "Iron Lady" or "Mengoubi" ("the fair one"), a civil rights activist, political activist, and poet Robert Naorem, designer representative of indigenous designs of Manipur and involved in the Hindi film industry Dheeraj Singh Moirangthem, footballer (India U-23, FC Goa) Bombayla Devi Laishram, archer who was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2012 and the Padma Shri in 2019 by the Government of India for her contributions to sports Sushila Chanu, Indian hockey player and former captain of Indian national women's hockey team Loitongbam Ashalata Devi, Indian footballer who is the current captain of India women's national football team Armstrong Pame, Indian Administrative Service officer Nilakanta Sharma, played as a mid fielder in India men's national field hockey team in Tokyo Olympics 2020 which won bronze medal.

Imphal Notable people

LOC Indore, ORG Union of India, LOC Indore Division, ORG Swachh Survekshan, LOC Maratha Empire, LOC Delhi, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC Malwa, PER Holkar, LOC Indore State, PER Peshwa Baji Rao I, LOC Deccan, ORG Indian Institute of Technology, ORG MoHUA, ORG Indian Institute of Management, LOC Bhopal, ORG Maratha, LOC Malwa Plateau, ORG Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange, LOC India, ORG Madhya Bharat, LOC Central India, LOC Indore District

Indore ( (listen)) is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to encompass campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation) and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration). The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022 sixth time in a row, conducted by MoHUA the world's largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey. Indore traces its roots to its 16th-century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi. The city and its surroundings came under Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa. During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India. Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956. Indore's financial district, based in central Indore, functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange. Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission. It also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities. Indore has been part of Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016. It has been ranked as India's cleanest city six years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. Meanwhile, Indore has also been declared as India's first 'water plus' city under the Swachh Survekshan 2021. Indore became the only Indian city to be selected for International Clean Air Catalyst Programme. The project with cooperation of Indore Municipal Corporation and Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, will be operated for a period of five years to purify the air in the city.

Indore Introduction

LOC Indore, PER Holkar, LOC Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, PER Indra, LOC Indrapura, PER Swami Indrapuri, ORG Marathas, PER Tukoji Rao Holkar

Gupta inscriptions name Indore as 'Indrapura'. It is believed that the city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, where Indra is the presiding deity. It is believed that Indra himself did Tapasya (meditation) in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish the temple. Later, Tukoji Rao Holkar who belonged to the Holkar clan of the Marathas and was the feudatory of Indore, renovated the temple.

Indore Etymology

LOC Indore, PER Achalavarman, PER Skandagupta, LOC Gupta, LOC Indrapura

Gupta Empire inscription mentions Indore as city/town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 CE. These are also some of the earliest mentions of Indore where the city is mentioned as 'Indrapura'. Indrapura (modern day Indore) was then known for its sun temple, where in 464–65 CE, Gupta king Skandagupta had made an endowment for the permanent maintenance of the city's sun temple. The temple was constructed by two merchants of the city – Achalavarman and Bhṛikuṇṭhasiṁha.

Indore Gupta Empire (Gupta Era)

LOC Indore, PER Jai Singh II, ORG Mughal Nizam, PER Sardars, LOC Malwa, ORG Peshwa, PER Amil, PER Chauth, PER Ranoji Scindia, LOC Deccan, LOC Nalchha, PER Nandlal Chaudhary, PER Santaji Bhonsale, PER Udaji Rao Pawar, LOC Kampel, LOC Amjhera, LOC Malwa Subah, ORG Mughal Amil, PER Baji Rao I, PER Malhar Rao Holkar, LOC Mandu, PER Nandlal Mandloi, LOC Ujjain

During the Mughal era, the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations (sarkars) of Ujjain and Mandu. Kampel was the headquarters of a mahal (administrative unit) under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah (province). The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana (administrative unit).In 1715, the Marathas invaded this region (Mughal territory) and demanded chauth (tax) from the Mughal Amil (administrator) of Kampel. The Amil fled to Ujjain, and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas. The chief zamindar, Nandlal Chaudhary (later known as Nandlal Mandloi), paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. Jai Singh II, the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by Santaji Bhonsale, invaded Malwa again, but were unsuccessful this time. By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new Peshwa Baji Rao I, launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Rao Pawar, Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia. The Mughal Nizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area. The Peshwa returned to the Deccan, but left Malhar Rao Holkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection. The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held influence over the local Sardars (chiefs). In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively in the battle of Amjhera, and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October 1730, Malhar Rao Holkar was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa. The local zamindars, who had the title of Chaudhari, came to be known as Mandlois (after mandal, an administrative unit) during the Maratha reign. The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of Rao upon the local zamindar family. After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by the Peshwa Baji Rao I. The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by merging 28 and one-half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name. Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military center.

Indore Holkar Era (Maratha Empire)

LOC Indore, LOC Maratha Empire, PER Ahalyabai Holkar, PER Dwarka –, LOC Kundachatri, PER Ahilya Bai, LOC Vyasaganga, PER Ahalyabai, LOC Pawali, LOC Tunganath, PER Khande Rao, LOC Gaurkund, LOC Royal Palace, PER Aurangzeb, LOC Bidarchati, PER Male Rao Holkar, LOC Dharamshalas, LOC Shri Rama Temple, LOC Devprayag, LOC Rangdachati, LOC Kashi Vishwanath Temple Ayodhya, LOC India, PER Malhar Rao Holkar, LOC Shri Kedareshwar Temple, LOC Hari Temple, LOC Sarayu Ghat Badrinath, PER Malhar Rao, PER Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale

Ahalyabai Holkar is fondly remembered as a noble, saintly and courageous woman. She ruled the kingdom of Indore (which was then part of the wider Maratha Empire) for several decades. Her rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore’s history. From an agricultural background herself, she married Khande Rao, prince of Indore. Thereafter, she resided in the Royal Palace. Later, she was trained in statecraft and accompanied the army to war on many occasions. At that time the Maratha Empire (which was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale) was at the apex of its power. There were frequent battles and skirmishes, both against foreigners as well as internal feuds. In one such battle in 1754, Ahalyabai’s husband was killed. Her aged father-in-law (Malhar Rao) was shattered at the death of his son. He summoned Ahalyabai, who he loved deeply, and said: "You are now my son. I wish that you look after my kingdom".Malhar Rao Holkar died in 1766, 12 years after the death of his son Khande Rao. Malhar Rao's grandson and Khande Rao's only son Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under Ahilya Bai's regency , but he too died within few months in April 1767. Ahilya Bai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao. Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. She is specially renowned for refurbishing and reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated and demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb including: Kashi Vishwanath Temple Ayodhya – Construction of Shri Rama Temple, Sarayu Ghat Badrinath – Construction of Shri Kedareshwar Temple and Hari Temple, Dharamshalas (at Rangdachati, Bidarchati, Vyasaganga, Tunganath, Pawali), construction of many kundas (at Gaurkund, Kundachatri), a garden and a kunda of warm water at Devprayag, pastoral land for cows Dwarka – Mohatajkhana, Pooja House and donation of some villages to the priests of the Dwarkadhish Temple Kedarnath – Dharmashala and Kund) Omkareshwar – Renovation of the temples of Mamaleshwar Mahadev, Amaleshwar and Trambakeshwar Temples, completing the construction of Gauri-Somnath temple, construction of a Dharmashala & pond, donation of a silver mask for adoration of the Shivalinga Rameswaram – Construction of Hanumana Temple, Shri Radha Krishna Temple, a Dharmashala, Well & Garden and many more.In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War, in the Battle of Mahidpur by which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British residents was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore has established the headquarters of the British Central Agency. Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements.In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, the fire brigade was established in 1909, and 1918, the first master-plan of the city was made by noted architect and town planner, Patrick Geddes. During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar. The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars, Sardars, Istamuradars, Mankaris and Zamindars.

Indore Princely State (Indore/Holkar State)

LOC Indore, ORG Indian Union, LOC Holkar State, LOC India, LOC Bhopal, LOC Madhya Bharat, LOC Madhya Pradesh

After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with several neighboring princely states, acceded to the Indian Union. In 1948, with the formation of Madhya Bharat, Indore became the summer capital of the new state. On 1 November 1956, when Madhya Bharat was renamed/merged into Madhya Pradesh, the state capital was shifted to Bhopal. Indore, a city today of nearly 4.5 million (2018) residents, has been transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into the modern dynamic commercial capital of the state.

Indore Post-independence

LOC Indore

Indore lies on a borderline between a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) and a tropical savanna climate (Aw). Because of its high elevation and inland location even during the hottest months the nights are relatively cool, which is known as Shab-e-Malwa. Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. The coldest temperature was 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) in January 1936.Indore gets moderate rainfall of 700 to 800 millimetres (28 to 31 in) during June–September due to the southwest monsoon.

Indore Climate

LOC Indore, LOC Central India, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC India

Indore is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh. It is also the largest metropolitan city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) was 1,994,397. The population of the Indore metropolis (urban agglomeration that includes neighboring areas) was 2,170,295. In 2011, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718 per square km), rendering it the most densely populated of all the municipalities with population over 100,000 in Madhya Pradesh. As per the 2011 census, 1,502,775 were literates, which translates to 75.4% of the total population, with an effective literacy rate (of population 7 years and above) 85.5%, with male literacy of 89.8% and female literacy was 81.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations in 2011 were 309,229 and 54,075, respectively. The total number of households were 404711.

Indore Demographics

Majority of the population are Hindus (80.18%), followed by significant populations of Muslims (14.09%) and Jains (3.25%).

Indore Religion

LOC Indore

Hindi is the official language of Indore city, and is spoken by a majority of the population. A number of Hindi dialects such as Malvi, Nimadi and Bundeli are spoken in decent numbers. Other languages with substantial number of speakers include Marathi, Urdu, Sindhi, Gujarati, Punjabi and Bengali.According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in the city (out of a total 10,000 in the state).

Indore Languages

LOC Indore, ORG Council, PER Pratibha Pal, ORG Free Press Journal, ORG Indore Municipal Corporation, LOC Madhya Pradesh, PER Bakshi Khajan Singh, PER Pushya Mitra Bhargava, ORG IMC

Indore has a city government, or municipality, with a mayor-council form of government. In 1870, the first municipality was constituted in Indore. and Bakshi Khajan Singh was appointed chairman. Indore municipality became the first city to have an elected municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of the city. In the year 1956, during the reorganization of states, Indore was included in Madhya Pradesh, and later that same year, was declared a municipal corporation.Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is spread over an area of 269 square km. The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones had been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries. In 2014, 29 villages were added into the fold of the municipality. In 2015, 23 more villages were added. After these inclusions, the number of wards went up to 85, and zones 19.The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms. The municipal or local elections to Indore Municipal Corporation were last held in 2015. The next elections were to be held early in 2020, but as per a report from February 2020, these have not happened, although preparation of voter rolls and ward reservation happened later in July. The elected wing of the city government is headed by the Mayor and the incumbent Mayor is Pushya Mitra Bhargava. As per a report from the Free Press Journal, Indore was notified in 2018 for not having constituted ward committees. The executive wing is headed by Pratibha Pal, the municipal commissioner of Indore, who is also the first female commissioner of the city.On 8 May 2020, the budget for of ₹ 4,763 crore for 2020–21 was approved for the civic body. Major sources of revenue for the municipality include collection of property tax, water tax, rent.Indore municipality follows the guidelines as per the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act 1956, as well as the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961. The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning, and welfare services.

Indore Civic administration

LOC Indore, ORG Indore Development Authority, PER Shankar Lalwani, ORG Bharatiya Janata Party

Indore city is represented in the parliament through the Indore Lok Sabha constituency, which covers most of the district. In May 2019, Shankar Lalwani of Bharatiya Janata Party, who is also the chairman of the Indore Development Authority, had been elected as the Member of Parliament from Indore. As per delimitation from 2008, Indore city is represented in the state assembly constituency through 5 Constituencies, election for which last took place in 2018:

Indore Representation in Parliament and State Assembly

LOC Indore, ORG NewsClick, PER Vivek Johri, ORG IPS, ORG Department of Home Affairs, ORG Indore Police, PER Harinarayan Chari Mishra, ORG SSP, PER Pawan Kumar Sharma, LOC Madhya Pradesh, ORG Madhya Pradesh Police, ORG IAS

The Indore Police, a division of the Madhya Pradesh Police, is under the direct control of Department of Home Affairs. The government of Madhya Pradesh is the law enforcement agency in Indore. Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts.In 2012, it was reported that the Police Commissionerate system would be implemented in Indore, but this did not pan out because of tussle between the IAS and IPS officers in the state. The bill was proposed again in 2018 and has been criticised by NewsClick. The system has not been implemented as of 2020, although there has been talk of it.As of 4 September 2013, the Divisional commissioner is Dr Pawan Kumar Sharma. In Feb 2020, the new Director General of Police became Vivek Johri while SSP Indore is Harinarayan Chari Mishra.

Indore Law and order

LOC Indore, ORG Indore High Court, ORG Madhya Pradesh High Court, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC Gwalior

Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior, the city, its agglomerates, and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court.

Indore Judiciary

LOC Indore, ORG Forest Department, ORG IDA, LOC Race Course Road, ORG MP Electricity Board, ORG Town and Country Planning Department, ORG Indore Development Authority, LOC IMR, LOC Pradesh, ORG IMC, ORG Municipal Commissioner, ORG Indore, ORG Public Works Department, ORG IDA Board, LOC Bhopal, ORG Public Health Engineering, ORG Government of Madhya, ORG Town and Country Office, LOC Indore Metropolitan Region

Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398.72 km2 (153.95 sq mi). Primarily, IDA develops new residential areas. During the early stage of development of such areas, the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure. Once a sizeable number of plots are sold, the area is formally transferred to the IMC, which is then responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure in the area.The IDA consists of two appointed components; the collector of the district, who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh, Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board who scrutinize the collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office, Bhopal. The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore.

Indore Other agencies

LOC Indore, LOC Narmada, LOC Kabitkhedi, LOC Jalud, ORG Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, ORG PCC, ORG WaterAid, ORG UN Habitat, ORG Sequencing Batch Reactors, ORG Plastic Collection Centre, LOC Nemawar Road, ORG Centralized Processing Unit, LOC Devguradia, ORG IMC

Electricity in Indore is supplied by the Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, the state's agency.Major source of water in Indore are Narmada river and overhead tanks. In 2016, the central government sanctioned 70 crores under the AMRUT scheme to overhaul the water facilities. Indore used to receive 350 MLD of water from Jalud pumping station on Narmada river; while in 2019 the quantity reduced by 100 MLD, as of 2020 it has regained its capacity. The municipality supplies around 450 MLD water through piped connections to parts of the town on alternate days, other parts of the city have shortage of water. The urban poor and unauthorized slum area face a massive shortage of water, and need to purchases private water in drums, or need to have to access private tubewells. A joint study done by UN Habitat, IMC and WaterAid mapping poverty surveyed 176545 households (approximately 1/3rd of the households in the city), and found that 72% of the households did not have access to piped water supply.As of 2012, Indore generated nearly 240 MLD of sewage. As per a report from August 2018, Indore achieved 100% treatment of the faecal matter generated in the city. The city has 3 sewage treatment plants (STPs), which includes a Sequencing Batch Reactors with a capacity of 245 MLD, the largest in the world, as well as a 78 MLD and 12 MLD Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor at Kabitkhedi and a third with a capacity of 122 MLD.As of 2019, Indore generates over 1,115 metric tons (MT) of garbage a day, of which 650 MT is wet waste and 465 MT is dry waste. The municipality has 100% door to door collection and segregation. The city has a Centralized Processing Unit situated at Devguradia, Nemawar Road over an area of 146 acres. Waste collected at the garbage transfer stations in city is weighed, compressed and moved to this site for final processing. Indore also set up a Plastic Collection Centre (PCC) to reuse and recycle the city's plastic waste and also installed a plastic cleansing machine known as a 'Phatka Machine'.

Indore Civic utilities

LOC Indore, ORG Jewelry, LOC Hatod Industrial Area, LOC Super Corridor, ORG TCS, LOC Madhya Pradesh, ORG MPSE, LOC Ranmal Billod Industrial Area, LOC Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area, ORG Infosys, LOC Rau Industrial Area, ORG NSE, LOC Kali Billod Industrial Area, LOC Bhagirathpura Industrial Area, ORG Namkeen, LOC Park, ORG Pharma, LOC Gems, LOC Diamond Park, LOC Sanwer, ORG Detroit, ORG Collabera, LOC Pardeshipura IT Park, LOC Electronic, LOC Crystal IT Park, LOC Laxmibainagar Industrial Area, ORG Impetus, ORG Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange, LOC India, LOC Food Park, ORG Directorate of Economics and Statistics, ORG Apparel Park, ORG National Stock Exchange, LOC Central India, LOC Pithampur, LOC Indore District

Indore is a commercial center for goods and services. As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Madhya Pradesh), the GDP (nominal) of Indore District is estimated at Rs. 64,813 crores for the year 2020–21. While its per-capita nominal GDP was recorded at INR 1,51,101 in 2020-21. The city also hosts a biennial global investors' summit, which attracts investors from several countries. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include: Pithampur (phases I, II and III alone host 1,500 large, medium and small industrial set-ups), Indore Special Economic Zone (around 3,000 acres/ 4.7 square miles/ 1,214 hectares), Sanwer industrial belt (1,000 acres/ 1.6 square miles/ 405 hectares), Laxmibainagar Industrial Area, Rau Industrial Area, Bhagirathpura Industrial Area, Kali Billod Industrial Area, Ranmal Billod Industrial Area, Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area, Hatod Industrial Area. The city also has IT Parks, Crystal IT Park (550,000 square feet), Pardeshipura IT Park (100,000 square feet), Electronic Complex, and Individual Special Economic Zones (SEZs) such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ, Diamond Park, Gems and Jewelry Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster.Pithampur near Indore is known as the Detroit of Madhya Pradesh.Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) was set up in 1919. It is the only stock exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India. It is located in Indore. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) has established an Investor Service Center in the city.TCS has officially started an offshore development center in Indore with a total campus area of around 1.5 million square feet. Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. Infosys is setting up a new development center at Indore at an investment of Rs. 1 billion in Phase I at Super Corridor. Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres (53 hectares) to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. The government of MP has done the land allotment. Impetus, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, USA, with multiple offshore offices in Indore, has started operations at its 25-acre land, procured from the SEZ. Besides these, there are several small and medium-sized software development firms in Indore. Webgility, a San Francisco-based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007, opened a 16,000 square-foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017. Accenture has also opened the office in Vijay Nagar area. Nagarro and Persistent Systems also had the presence in Indore.

Indore Economy

LOC Indore, LOC Chappan Dukan, LOC Sarafa Bazaar, LOC India

Indore's culinary culture has a blend of Maharashtrian, Malwi, Rajasthani and Gujarati influence. The street food of the city is especially popular. Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are Chappan Dukan and Sarafa Bazaar.As part of the Smart City project, the Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street. The cost of this project is ₹ 40 million and has been implemented in a 45-day period.Sarafa Bazaar, which is India's only night street-food market, attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places.Indore is also notable for its wide variety of namkeens or savory items and has many popular namkeen stores across the city. Most popular food items of Indore include poha, kachori, samosa, jalebi, gulab jamun, rabdi, gajak, imarti, bhel, pani puri, hot dog, egg banjo, moong bhajiya, moong daal halwa, dahi wada, sabudana khichdi, sabudana wada, dhokla, jeeravan, and sev.The city is debatably the most vegetarian city in India; nearly 49% of population is vegetarian at some level.[1]

Indore Food

LOC Indore, ORG Yeshwant Club, ORG Sayaji Club / Hotel, ORG Devlalikar Kala, LOC DAVV auditorium, LOC Brilliant Convention Centre, LOC RNG, PER Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad, PER Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar, LOC Baroda, LOC Ravindra Natya Grah, LOC Central India, LOC Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, ORG Nicotine, LOC Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, LOC Vithika

The Yeshwant Club (named after Late the Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore) and Sayaji Club/Hotel (named after Late the Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda) are big sponsors for art & music and invite talents from across the world. The major art centers in Indore are the Devlalikar Kala Vithika, Ravindra Natya Grah (RNG), Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, DAVV auditorium, and Brilliant Convention Centre.The city has a good rock/metal music culture which is growing. Nicotine, one of the city's earliest and most renowned bands, is widely known for being the pioneer of metal music in Central India.

Indore Entertainment

LOC Indore, LOC Asia Pacific, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, ORG ACI, ORG Airports Council International

Indore is served by Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, about 8 km from the city. It is the busiest airport in the state of Madhya Pradesh with 2,269,971 passengers and 10851 tons cargo for April 2017– March 2018. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore has been adjudged as the best airport in the under 2 million annual passenger footfall category in the Asia Pacific region in the Airports Council International (ACI)'s airport service quality (ASQ) rankings for the year 2017.

Indore Air

LOC Indore, LOC Ratlam, ORG Western Railways, LOC Mhow, LOC Dewas, LOC Indore Junction, LOC Ujjain

The Indore Junction is an A-1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs. 500 million. The station comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways. Electrification of the Indore–Dewas–Ujjain was completed in June 2012. Ratlam–Indore broad gauge conversion was completed in September 2014. Indore–Mhow section was upgraded to broad gauge in 2016 and electrified in 2017.The city of Indore has eight railway stations in addition to the main Indore Junction:

Indore Rail

LOC Indore, LOC National, LOC MP, LOC Ratlam, LOC Sangrur, LOC Punjab, LOC Raipur, LOC Maharashtra, LOC Agra Bombay Road, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC AB, LOC Godhra, LOC Dhule, LOC Mumbai, LOC Burhanpur, LOC NH 52, LOC NH, LOC Brahmapur, LOC Gopalpur - on - Sea, LOC Karnataka, LOC Dhar, LOC Betul, LOC AB Road, LOC Buldhana, LOC Jhalawar, LOC Rajasthan, LOC Ankola, LOC NH3, LOC Bamanbore, LOC Odisha, LOC Neemuch, LOC Gujarat, LOC Barwaha, LOC India, LOC Malkapur, LOC Nagpur, LOC Jaipur, LOC Ujjain, LOC Bombay Road, LOC Ahmedabad, LOC Agra

Indore is connected to other parts of India through National and State highways. The National Highways passing through the city are: National Highway 52 (NH 52) contains parts of the erstwhile NH3 (AB Rd stands for Agra Bombay Road) and it originates at Sangrur, Punjab and runs through Jaipur, Rajasthan, Indore, Dhule and terminates at Ankola in Karnataka. National Highway 47 starts from Bamanbore, Gujarat and reaches Indore via Ahmedabad and further connects Betul to terminate at Nagpur.The highways which have ceased to exist because of renumbering are: National Highway 3 also known as the Agra-Bombay Road or AB Road, was an important highway connecting Agra to Mumbai via Indore & Dhule. National Highway 59 & its branch NH 59A. NH 59 originated at Ahmedabad and passed through Godhra, Indore, Raipur, Brahmapur, Odisha and terminated at Gopalpur-on-Sea while NH 59A connected Indore & Betul.The state highways passing through the city are: MP State Highway 27 runs from Jhalawar in Rajasthan, through Ujjain, Indore, Barwaha, Burhanpur in Madhya Pradesh and terminates at Malkapur, Buldhana in Maharashtra. MP State Highway 31 (Neemuch – Ratlam – Dhar)

Indore Road

LOC Indore, ORG Indore, ORG Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, LOC India, ORG Indore Cable Car, ORG Indore Metro

Indore's City Bus transport system runs through 277 km (172 mi) of road with a daily ridership of over 140,000. Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses designated as City Bus operate on 64 Routes with a fleet of 361 buses, with 421 bus stops. The buses are color-coded into three colors: Blue, Magenta and Orange according to their route.Indore BRTS (iBUS) – Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system with 53 air-conditioned buses equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops. Indore Magic (Auto Rickshaw) – Indore Auto Rickshaw is a magic service for small distance travel. Daily approx. 500,000 people travel within the city. Indore Metro is a rapid transit system that is currently under construction in its first phase.Indore Cable Car was announced in January 2021 as another public transport for the city to decongest traffic. It will also be the first cable car in India to run on crowded streets.

Indore Public transport

LOC Indore, ORG NIOS, ORG IIM, ORG CBSE, ORG Indian Institute of Management Indore, ORG Holkar Science College, ORG Taylor and Francis, ORG Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, ORG Electrical Engineering, ORG Computer Science, ORG JSTOR, LOC Madhya Pradesh, ORG IEEE Xplore Digital Library, LOC Simrol, ORG MathSciNet, ORG Mechanical Engineering, ORG IIT Indore, ORG Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College, ORG SciFinder, ORG RRCAT, ORG Department of Atomic Energy, ORG Central Board of Secondary Education, ORG Material Science, PER Henry Daly, ORG Daly College, ORG Indian Institute of Technology, ORG Indian Institute of Management, ORG M. P. Board, ORG Science Direct, ORG Civil Engineering, ORG ICSE, ORG Indian Institute of Technology Indore, ORG Metallurgy, ORG ACM Digital Library, LOC India, ORG WILEY, ORG Government of India, ORG IIT, ORG Springer

Indore is one of the education hubs of India and is the only city to house both an Indian Institute of Management and an Indian Institute of Technology.The Daly College, founded in 1870 by General Henry Daly, is one of the oldest co-educational boarding school in the world, which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian princely states of the 'Marathas' and Rajputs'.The Holkar Science College, officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891.Indore is the first city to have both IIT (Indian Institute of Technology Indore) and IIM (Indian Institute of Management Indore). Indore is home to a range of colleges and schools. Indore has a large student population and is a big educational center in central India, it also is the education hub of central India. Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, quite a few numbers of schools are affiliated with ICSE board, NIOS board, CBSE board, and the state level M.P. Board as well. Indian Institute of Technology Indore is one of the most prestigious institutions in the country. Started in 2009, IIT Indore has its 500-acre campus in Simrol (28 km from Indore City). IIT Indore has several disciplines including Civil Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, and Material Science. IIT Indore ranked 15 under the engineering category in the National Institute Ranking Framework. IIT Indore's central library emphasizes the use of Online Information Resources. The library provides its users access to nearly 3800 electronic journals as well as access to databases such as ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Science Direct, MathSciNet, JSTOR, SciFinder, Taylor and Francis, WILEY, and Springer. The library also provides air-conditioned and Wi-Fi enabled reading halls. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology is a unit of Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, engaged in R&D in non-nuclear front-line research areas of lasers, particle accelerators and related technologies. The Centre is situated at the south-western end of the Indore, Madhya Pradesh.The RRCAT campus is spread over a 760 hectare on the outskirts of Indore city. The campus encompasses laboratories, staff housing colony and other basic amenities like school, sports facilities, shopping complex, gardens etc. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, also known as DAVV (formerly known as University of Indore or Indore Vishwavidyalaya), is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis. It has two campuses within the city, one at Takshila Parisar (near Bhavarkuan Square) and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road, Indore. The university runs several departments including Institute of Management Studies, School of Computer Science & Information Technology(SCSIT), (IMS), School of Law (SoL), Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV (IET), Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC), International Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS), School of Pharmacy, School of Energy & Environmental Studies – one of the primer schools for MTech (Energy Management), School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning, which runs two MTech Courses with specializations in Technology Management & Systems Science & Engineering, MBA (Business Forecasting), an MSc in Science & Technology Communication. The campus houses several other research and educational departments, hostels, playgrounds, and cafes. The Indian Institute of Soybean Research (IISR) (ICAR, Government of India), Asia's largest soybean research center, is headquartered in Indore. There are 16 laboratories in the facility for different disciplines, including genetic engineering, application of artificial intelligence in image analysis, big data analysis, food processing, agriculture machinery, nanotechnology, biotechnology, remote sensing, and application of IOT in agriculture.Situated in the heart of Malwa, Indore enjoys the status of an "educational and industrial Capital of Madhya Pradesh". To initiate and strengthen agricultural research and development in Malwa and Nimar regions, the Institute of Plant Industry came into existence in the year 1924. Later on, in the year 1959, the Government College of Agriculture, Indore was established with the merger of the erstwhile Institute of Plant Industry (IPI). It was a prestigious campus of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, since 1964. After bifurcation of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur in 2008 and Separate second Agricultural University is formed, that is, Rajmata Vijiyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior now College of Agriculture, Indore is coming under the juridicition of RVSKVV, Gwalior.The Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science (SGSITS), formerly Shri Govindram Seksaria Kala Bhavan, is a public engineering institution located in Indore. It was established in 1952 as a technical institute offering licentiate and diploma courses in engineering. New Delhi granted the status of an autonomous institution in 1989. In 2020, it became the first and only Madhya Pradesh government-funded engineering college in the state to have made its place among the top 250 in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking released by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGMMC), established in 1878 as the King Edward Medical School, is one of the oldest and premiere government run medical colleges in India. It is attached to tertiary teaching hospitals named Maharaja Yeshwantrao group of Hospitals established in 1955. Indore also has two other Privately run medical colleges which act as teritary care hospitals, they are SAIMS and Index Medical College and Hospital. The College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Mhow is a constituent college of Nanaji deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur an autonomous Veterinary University in India, and is a pioneer college in the field of Veterinary Sciences in India. It is one of the oldest veterinary colleges in Madhya Pradesh and India was founded in 1955 the present building of the college was inaugurated by the first prime minister of India Pt.Jawahar Lal Nehru on 12 November 1959. Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences (SAIMS) is a group of colleges located in Indore. It features Mohak Hitech Speciality Hospital within the campus. VIBGYOR Group of Schools have a branch in Vijay Nagar.

Indore Education

LOC Indore, LOC Vasan, ORG Centre for Sight and Navchetna Rehabilitation, ORG Deaddiction Center, LOC India, LOC Choithram Hospital, LOC Shalby Hospital, ORG MY Hospital, ORG SAIMS, LOC Bombay Hospital, LOC Medanta, LOC Apollo, ORG CHL Hospital, ORG Index Medical College & Hospital, ORG Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College

Indore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a number of private hospitals. The healthcare facilities of Indore include Government run tertiary teaching hospital MY Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College Indore, private run hospitals include Bombay Hospital, SAIMS, Index Medical College & Hospital, Choithram Hospital, Shalby Hospital, CHL Hospital, Medanta, Apollo, Vasan, Centre for Sight and Navchetna Rehabilitation and Deaddiction Center.The National Family Health Survey of 2018 found Indore to be India's most vegetarian city, with 49% of residents eschewing meat products.

Indore Health and medicine

ORG Campus Diary, ORG Pumps India, ORG Valves India, LOC India

There are about 20 Hindi dailies, 7 English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, four quarterlies, two bi-monthly magazines, one annual paper, and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named "Campus Diary" published from the city. India's only magazine on the pump industry, Pumps India, and valve magazine Valves India are published from here.

Indore Print media

LOC Indore, ORG Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, ORG Doordarshan Kendra

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced. Indore switched to complete digitalization of cable TV in 2013 under the second phase of digitalization by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Indore is covered by a network of optical fiber cables. Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000.

Indore Electronic media

LOC Indore, LOC India, ORG AICSTL, ORG Reliance, ORG BSNL, ORG Free As Air

There are various companies providing paid and free Wi-fi services across the city. Reliance's Jionet became operational in November 2013. It covers the whole city and is a 4.5G high-speed Wi-fi service which was initially free but become chargeable in 2016. Indore is the second city in India to provide free Wi-fi across the city. AICSTL provides a high-speed free Wi-fi service named 'Free As Air' across the Indore BRTS corridor. BSNL has also started free Wi-fi services in prominent locations.

Indore Wi-fi

LOC Indore, ORG Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association, LOC Holkar Cricket Stadium, ORG Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association, ORG MPTTA, ORG MPCA, LOC Nehru Stadium

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city. Indore is also home to the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association (MPCA), Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association (MPTTA), and the city has one international cricket ground, the Holkar Cricket Stadium. The first ODI cricket match in the state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium in 1983.Besides cricket, Indore is also a center for many national and international championships. The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three-day-long National Triathlon Championship, in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action.Indore was included in holding two Guinness World Records for holding the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger in the world.

Indore Sports

LOC Indore, LOC Mandir Khajrana Ganesh Mandir, LOC Kalka Mata Temple, LOC Rajwada, LOC Maratha Empire, LOC Jewel Garden, LOC Germany, LOC Manik Bagh, LOC Manik Bagh Manik Bagh palace, LOC Holkar, PER Muthesius, PER Holkars, LOC Shiv Vilas Palace Shiv Vilas Palace, PER Holkar, PER Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar, LOC Rajwada palace, PER Ganapati, PER Aurangzeb, LOC Rajwada Palace Rajwada Palace, PER Ganesh, LOC Khajrana, PER Eckart Muthesius, LOC Buckingham Palace, LOC Lalbagh Palace Lalbagh Palace, PER Victoria, LOC Kanch Mandir Kanch Mandir, PER Seth Hukumchand Jain, LOC Chhatris, PER Yashwant Rao Holkar II

Rajwada Palace Rajwada Palace is a historical palace in Indore city. It was built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago. This seven-storied structure is located near the Chhatris. Shiv Vilas Palace Shiv Vilas Palace is a royal palace built during the reign of the Holkar dynasty. Also called the 'new palace', it was built after the Rajwada palace was damaged in an attack. It is on the right side of the Rajwada palace. Kanch Mandir Kanch Mandir, literally 'temple of glass', is a famous Jain temple in Indore, built by Sir Seth Hukumchand Jain. Its construction began sometime around 1903. Khajrana Ganesh Mandir Khajrana Ganesh Mandir is a pilgrimage center in Indore, dedicated to Lord Ganapati. The current temple was built during the reign of Holkar Dynasty. The main Idol of the temple was placed in a well to save it from the mughal ruler Aurangzeb. It was recovered by the Holkar ruler Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar. It is situated in the Khajrana area, a little distance away from Kalka Mata Temple. Lalbagh Palace Lalbagh Palace is one of the finest buildings built by the Holkar Dynasty between 1886 and 1921. The interior is beautified with striated Italian marble pillars, many chandeliers and classical columns, murals of Greek deities, a baroque-cum-rococo dining room, an English-library-style office with leather armchairs, a Renaissance sitting room, and a Palladian queen's bedroom which was the fashion among many of the late Raj-era Indian nobility, accompanied by a billiards room. There is imitation of the Buckingham Palace gates creak at the entrance along with 28-hectare ground, where, near to the palace, stands the statue of Queen Victoria.Manik Bagh Manik Bagh palace was built in 1930 when Maharajah Yashwant Rao Holkar II commissioned the construction of the Manik Bagh ("Jewel Garden") palace. The architect was Eckart Muthesius (1904–1989) from Germany. The maharaja was at a young age at that time, as was Muthesius who was just a couple of years older. The work outside and inside was done in a late art deco and the international style of modern architecture. Yeshwant Club The Yeshwant Club came into existence in 1934 at the behest of late the Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore. The club was established for their son, Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar. Spread over 14 acres it is a Maratha legacy of the Holkar rulers of Indore State. Initially, the club was opened for Maratha royalty, nobility, aristocracy, and the officers (Natives and British) of the Holkar State. Later its doors were opened for the business elites. Post-Indian Independence, the admission criteria were revised according to the changing times. Maharani Usha Devi, the daughter of late Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore is the Chief Patron of the club, the Honorary Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh being the President of the club.Sirpur Lake The Sirpur Lake is the most important bird-watching site in Malwa. It is a Ramsar site located on Dhar Road in Indore. It is known for more than 180 species of resident and migratory birds. It was restored to a viable bird habitat from a heavily encroached pool over four decades since 1980 by Padmashri Bhalu Mondhe and his NGO The Nature Volunteers, and was declared an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area in 2015-16. It is one of the most important bird habitats in Malwa region. Another Ramsar site near Indore is Yashwant Sagar. Pitra Parvat Pitra Parvat is known for the statue of Lord Hanuman situated there. The sculpture is made with 8 elements in golden color. It took 125 workers and 7 years to complete the statue of the deity Lord Hanuman. Also present there, is a temple that has the small statue of Lord Hanuman for the devotees to worship. Lord Hanuman is seen sitting in the lap of Mother Anjani in this temple.

Indore Tourist attractions

LOC Naharlagun, LOC Itanagar Municipal, ORG Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, LOC Chandranagar Town, LOC Itanagar, ORG Gauhati High Court, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, LOC Nirjuli Town, LOC Itanagar Capital Complex Region

Itanagar (pronunciation ) is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The seat of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the seat of government of Arunachal Pradesh, and the seat of Gauhati High Court permanent bench at Naharlagun are all in Itanagar. Being the hub of all the major economic bases, Itanagar along with the adjacent town of Naharlagun comprising the administrative region of Itanagar Capital Complex Region stretching from the Itanagar Municipal limit at Chandranagar Town extended till Nirjuli Town, is a major junction of Cultural, economic, fashion, education and recreational activities.

Itanagar Introduction

LOC Itanagar

Itanagar is located at 27.1°N 93.62°E / 27.1; 93.62. It has an average elevation of 320 metres.

Itanagar Geography

LOC Itanagar

Itanagar features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), with dry, warm winters and hot, unpleasantly humid and wet summers.

Itanagar Climate

LOC Galo, LOC Itanagar, LOC Tagin, LOC Adi, LOC Apatani

People Itanagar is inhabited by a number of tribes viz., Nyishi, Adi, Apatani, Tagin, Galo, Nyishis, and a few others.

Itanagar Culture

LOC Itanagar

As of 2011 India census, Itanagar had a population of 59,490 . Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Itanagar has an average literacy rate of 66.95%, lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 73.69%, and female literacy is 59.57%. In Itanagar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Itanagar Demographics

PER Forefather Abotani

The majority of the Tribes are worshipers of the nature with Tani Tribes being descendants of the Forefather Abotani are followers of Donyi-Polo Way-Of-Life . According to the 2011 census, 40.94% of the population is Hindu, 29.51% Christian, 21.17% Donyi Polo, 4.52% Muslim and 2.88% Buddhist.

Itanagar Religion

LOC Itanagar

According to 2011 census, Nishi was the most spoken language in Itanagar with 17,896 speakers followed by Bengali at 8,125, Adi at 8,102, Apatani at 4,256, Nepali at 3,721, Hindi at 3,641, Assamese at 3,538 and Bhojpuri at 1,987.

Itanagar Languages

ORG Rajiv Gandhi Government Polytechnic Rajiv Gandhi University, ORG Dera Natung Government College, ORG Don Bosco College Himalayan University NERIST, ORG National Institute of Technology, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, ORG Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

Dera Natung Government College Don Bosco College Himalayan University NERIST National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh Rajiv Gandhi Government Polytechnic Rajiv Gandhi University Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

Itanagar Universities and colleges

LOC Arunachal Pradesh, ORG DD Arunprabha

DD Arunprabha is the state-owned television broadcaster of Arunachal Pradesh.

Itanagar Television

LOC India, LOC Itanagar, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, ORG All India Radio, ORG Big FM, ORG RadioCity Itanagar

Radio stations of Itanagar are - All India Radio, RadioCity Itanagar - Arunachal Pradesh's first community radio and Big FM 92.7 - India's largest national radio network .

Itanagar Radio

ORG The Arunachal Times

The Arunachal Times Echo of Arunachal Dawnlit post

Itanagar Newspapers