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At least two people have been killed and several, including babies, wounded, in an air strike on a maternity hospital in Syria's Idlib province, according to the international charity Save the Children, which supports the facility.
The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights also said on Friday the hospital in the rebel-held town of Kafar Takharim was heavily damaged and left barely operational.
Save the Children said the strike hit the front of the hospital building, at a time when two operations were under way and a woman was in labour.
"Several babies were injured when their incubators crashed to the floor, and a woman who was six months pregnant had her leg severed," Save the Children said in a statement.
"Two other women have shrapnel wounds to the stomach and a number of patients and staff have suffered light injuries."
Our partners confirm two people have been killed and several injured in the hospital bombing. #Idlib #Syria pic.twitter.com/PS9Ewvlm4u — SavetheChildren News (@SaveUKNews) July 29, 2016
A spokeswoman for the charity told Al Jazeera that the hospital "is the biggest in the area, serving over 1,300 women monthly".
Save the Children also published a 15-second-long video from the hospital in the immediate aftermath of the attack, showing the level of destruction caused by the bombing.
It is not yet clear who was behind the air strike.
"Bombing a maternity hospital which is helping women living under the shadow of war to give birth safely is a shameful act, whether it was done intentionally or because due care was not taken to avoid civilian areas," Sonia Khush, Syria director for Save the Children, said.
"There is no excuse, and unfortunately this is only the latest in a series of strikes on health facilities in Syria."
The hospital, which was set up in June 2014, delivered about 340 babies in June, according to Save the Children.
"Around 61 percent of the patients at the hospital are mothers," the spokeswoman said, and "39 percent are children."
"This is the only hospital specialising in maternity and children in the northern western side of rural Idlib."
Friday's bombing was the latest in a series of attacks targeting hospitals in Syria.
Syrian government air strikes put four makeshift hospitals and a local blood bank in Aleppo out of action last week, according to local rescue workers and a monitor. | {
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Q:
Issue with SELECT from database with php
<?php
try{
include("dbconnectie.php");
$query = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM shop WHERE id_u = :id");
$query->bindParam("id", $_SESSION['id_u']);
$query->execute();
$result = $query->fetchALL(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo "<table>";
foreach($result as &$data) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>" . $data["brand"] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $data["model"] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $data["cond"] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $data["price"] . "</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
die("Error!: " . $e->getMessage());
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<div class="poster">
<img src="<?php echo $data['img_url']; ?>" width='400' height='300' ></img>
</div>
</body>
</html>
So in a different file, $_SESSION['id_u'] was defined as id_u which is in the 'account' table in my database. Now in the 'shop' table I have every sell placement written down with the corresponding user id: "id_u"
Now what I'm trying to do it Select all the sell placements that are put under that user id, but it's not working. Now for some reason it just shows a big border with nothing but a broken image icon. Not even the corresponding text.
A:
Do a session_start(); at the top.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
For indispensable reporting on the coronavirus crisis, the election, and more, subscribe to the Mother Jones Daily newsletter.
Since the end of the Cold War, foreign policy has become much more challenging. In a post-bipolar world where nonstate actors pose real threats and disrupters (good and bad) are everywhere, the issues are knottier and unforeseen developments often yield difficult options. In the aftermath of 9/11, George W. Bush chose not to come to terms with this fundamental change. Instead, he opted for a blunderbuss policy dominated by a misguided invasion of Iraq. President Barack Obama inherited a helluva cleanup job. And as he had handled the details—such as winding down the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan—he has had tried to articulate an overall strategy. His latest stab at this was the speech he delivered to West Point graduates this morning.
Early in the address, Obama noted, “you are the first class to graduate since 9/11 who may not be sent into combat in Iraq or Afghanistan.” The young men and women before him cheered. It was a poignant moment. Then Obama proceeded to outline a larger vision. He summed up his stance in these lines:
[S]ince George Washington served as commander in chief, there have been those who warned against foreign entanglements that do not touch directly on our security or economic well-being. Today, according to self-described realists, conflicts in Syria or Ukraine or the Central African Republic are not ours to solve. Not surprisingly, after costly wars and continuing challenges at home, that view is shared by many Americans. A different view, from interventionists on the left and right, says we ignore these conflicts at our own peril; that America’s willingness to apply force around the world is the ultimate safeguard against chaos, and America’s failure to act in the face of Syrian brutality or Russian provocations not only violates our conscience, but invites escalating aggression in the future. Each side can point to history to support its claims. But I believe neither view fully speaks to the demands of this moment. It is absolutely true that in the 21st century, American isolationism is not an option. If nuclear materials are not secure, that could pose a danger in American cities. As the Syrian civil war spills across borders, the capacity of battle-hardened groups to come after us increases. Regional aggression that goes unchecked—in southern Ukraine, the South China Sea, or anywhere else in the world—will ultimately impact our allies, and could draw in our military. Beyond these narrow rationales, I believe we have a real stake—an abiding self-interest—in making sure our children grow up in a world where schoolgirls are not kidnapped, where individuals aren’t slaughtered because of tribe or faith or political beliefs. I believe that a world of greater freedom and tolerance is not only a moral imperative—it also helps keep us safe. But to say that we have an interest in pursuing peace and freedom beyond our borders is not to say that every problem has a military solution. Since World War II, some of our most costly mistakes came not from our restraint, but from our willingness to rush into military adventures—without thinking through the consequences, without building international support and legitimacy for our action, or leveling with the American people about the sacrifice required. Tough talk draws headlines, but war rarely conforms to slogans. As General Eisenhower, someone with hard-earned knowledge on this subject, said at this ceremony in 1947: “War is mankind’s most tragic and stupid folly; to seek or advise its deliberate provocation is a black crime against all men.”
This is not new. Obama chooses no specific camp. He does not truck with so-called realists and isolationists who do not want the United States to be involved with overseas conflicts that do not directly and immediately threaten the United States. Nor does he side with interventionists who call for US military engagement in trouble spots around the world. Cognizant of the costs of war (money, lives, and more), he does not want to overcommit the United States. Citing the costs of nonaction and the interconnectedness of today’s world, he does not want to remain on the global sidelines. He’s certainly no neocon eager to deploy US military resources overseas to intervene in Syria or to up the ante with Russia regarding Ukraine. (Obama announced he would boost efforts to help Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Iraq, deal with refugees and cross-border terrorists from Syria, and “ramp up” support for elements of the Syrian opposition “who offer the best alternative to terrorists and a brutal dictator.” He said he would keep working with the IMF and allies to bolster Ukraine and its economy and isolate Russia.) But Obama did defend his use of drone strikes. He noted, “In taking direct action, we must uphold standards that reflect our values. That means taking strikes only when we face a continuing, imminent threat, and only where there is near certainty of no civilian casualties. For our actions should meet a simple test: We must not create more enemies than we take off the battlefield.” (Yet his administration has not always met this standard.)
For years, Obama has been trying to form and sell a balanced approach that justifies certain military interventions and limits others—while redefining national security interests to include climate change and other matters. That’s a tough task. The world is not a balanced place. It’s likely that Obama’s handling of foreign policy will continue to be judged on a case-by-case basis and less on the establishment of an integrated doctrine. Given the global challenges of this era, a grand plan may not be realistic. | {
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Sometimes email brings exciting news. If you have been waiting for the new Platinum #3776 pens, Pen Chalet has just the thing for you. Not only do they have the Century Chartres Blue with rhodium trim and the Century Black Diamond, they have lots of nib sizes in the other models including my favorite music nib on three Century models, Black with gold trim, Bourgogne and Chartres Blue. I’m tapped out, but you aren’t, right? So what are you waiting for? Oh, Pen Chalet has free shipping on orders over $50. Go for it, pen friends. Go for it!
Little “No Name” kept me company over an extra long week. Hope the coming week is shorter and that she gets a real name. Either way she is sweet, vocal, cuddly and eager to learn more tricks like today’s surprise, jumping into my lap and climbing up to my shoulder without assistance. She’s a Havanese and only a year old as the puppy coat will attest. I am lucky to have found her after three years scouring the listings of rescue groups and attending adoption events. Expect to see more of her in future even if she isn’t into fountain pens which is probably a good thing. One addict in the family is quite enough.
Platinum makes excellent pens that easily rank amongst my favorites. Thanks to the generosity of Carol at Luxury Brands LLC, I now have the #3776 Century Nice (rose gold) and Nice Pur (rhodium) to enjoy and review. Note that I placed “enjoy” before “review” which says a lot.
Century Nice pens have an unusual design that reminds me of cut crystal. The resin is not smooth like my Chartres Blue, but has diamond cut stripes along the transparent barrel and cap. The section is smooth and fits comfortably in my hand. The threads line up under my thumb which might be a problem for some users. However, with my light grip, this went unnoticed.
#3776 Century pens are medium sized and do not require posting to be well balanced. They have the “Slip and Seal” mechanism that keeps ink fluid despite long lapses in use. There is a brochure in six languages that explains how it works as well as how to maintain it. Just for the record, the five Century pens I’ve taken for a spin have all worked perfectly right out of the box. None have required special care and all have performed as well as any pen in my collection.
Here is where the two pens differ. The Nice has rose gold trim and a 14kt rose gold nib. The Nice Pur has a 14 kt gold rhodium plated nib with rhodium trim. If you are hooked on matchy-matchy, the converter has stainless bits that suit the Pur, but are slightly at odds with the rose gold Nice. The light reflective nature of the barrel reduces the contrast so that the color difference is minimized.
Note that there is no discoloration of the rose gold nib, but there is a significant reflection in the photo. It really is rose gold as you can see in the other photos. The diamond cut stripes are about the width of a finger nail and very smooth which makes them light-reflective. It’s an attractive effect.
The Nice came with a medium nib, my first on a Platinum pen. It is a bit wider than expected with very good flow and is a real treat on Clairefontaine and Rhodia paper. It offers good control over letter shapes and I found it a fine complement to my natural letter forms. The broad nib on the Nice Pur is quite substantial and very wet. Both nibs work best with a light touch. Digging in too deeply will cause the them to become chatty. With light pressure neither nib produces feedback though with a heavy hand, the medium will give a hint of it. They don’t skate over paper, but do provide orientation.
The Nice filled with the aqua colored Waterman South Sea Blue is a delightful addition to the various tools on my desk, but it is lovely with burgundy, blue and some greens as well. Catching a glimpse of colorful ink gives a lift to any writing task so the Nice adds a little inspiration to my day.
The clear resin body combined with rhodium furnishings makes the Nice Pur a neutral colored pen except for the ink visible in the converter. For those who match ink to pen, this model presents no restrictions. The writing sample is Diamine Emerald though any ink will suit and that’s the ultimate in versatility.
Want a little attention for your refined and discerning taste in pens? Just place a Platinum Century Nice on your desk and watch the reactions. Even in my fountain pen friendly family, these pens earned an unusual measure of comment and admiration. Pretty cool, eh?
(The Platinum #3776 Century Nice is PNB-20000R #5 ROSE and the Platinum #3776 Century Nice Pur is PNB-20000R #4 PUR just in case you want to order one from your favorite retailer.)
In case you wondered what happened to reviews, my Canon A700 has been producing degraded images of late. Getting things in focus has been a challenge and color accuracy has been iffy at best. To get things back on track, I’ve borrowed a Canon SX160IS that makes images that are much more clear and detailed. We are just getting acquainted and there is a learning curve to be negotiated, but I hope to get back to business in a few days.
In the interim, here are links to some of the products that will get individual posts in the next few weeks. To get the reviews to you as quickly as possible, the text will be pithy but enough to convey the good, the bad and the ugly should there be any.
Few new pens have landed on the Inkophile desk in recent years resulting in a scarcity of pen reviews. So a bit of pen praise will have to suffice.
Much as I enjoy a wide variety of fountain pens, certain ones stand out. The frequency with which they find slots in my rotation is the proof, but the ease with which I use them is just as telling. For stock nibs, Platinum is the clear winner especially the Century broad nib and the #3776 Music nib models.
My Platinum pens came from Dick Egolf of Luxury Brands a year and a half ago. Best gift ever!
The Century has never found its perfect ink companion. The #3776 has never met an ink it didn’t make look good. Funny how some pens struggle to find the perfect mate while others will mate with any ink perfectly.
The Pelikans took many years to collect and came from auctions and private parties. The M250 has a fine italic nib that might or might not have been modified. The M215 was ground to an italic as was the nib on the blue M200. The gray M200 has an oblique broad nib that was not original to the pen. The M400 has a stock fine nib that is amazingly smooth.
The Pelikans are a bit more finicky though work well with Waterman, Diamine and J. Herbin. Not that any brand won’t do, but I like less saturated inks in the Pels, especially those with ink windows.
Efforts to enable aside, both pen manufacturers make well-constructed pens of very different styles. The nibs from Platinum are more narrow than those from Pelikan, but that is typical of Japanese and western pens.
So that’s the core of my rotation. Other pens come and go especially the Namiki (Pilot) Falcons, a couple of custom Lamy Safaris and an assortment of single pens. I’m not a brand snob though I would gladly become one with enough of the right pens. Or at least I would like to try.
Just for fun, drool over these Pelikan and Platinum maki-e fountain pens. Are they not gorgeous? | {
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Assessment of RIT2 rs12456492 association with Parkinson's disease in Mainland China.
A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) has identified the rs12456492 variant in RIT2 as a new susceptibility loci. Because the characteristics of this locus in a Han Chinese population from mainland China was still unknown, we performed a case-control replication study in this population and investigated RIT2 rs12456492 variant in a large cohort of Chinese Han individuals. In total, 933 subjects comprising 460 PD patients and 473 control subjects were genotyped. We found a significant difference in the distributions of genotype and allele between PD and control groups (genotype p = 0.008, allele p = 0.007, odds ratio = 1.296, 95% confidence interval = 1.075-1.563). This study replicates the association between rs12456492 variant and risk of developing PD in a Han Chinese population. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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Performance standards for plumbing products in general and faucet systems in particular are being required by more and more communities for both residential and commercial construction. The standards which are being adopted include standards relating to maintaining mixed water temperature as well as standards relating to high temperature limits for the mixed water supply for the faucet systems.
A pressure balancer is used in a hot/cold water supply system to meet the first standard noted above and maintain mixed water temperature in response to pressure fluctuations in the hot or cold water supply lines. The pressure balancer is designed to operate in a commercial system where the hot water pressurization system is separate from the cold water pressurization system and in a residential system where the pressurization of the hot and cold water systems is common. When water is demanded by a user for showering, the user adjusts the mixing valve to attain a desired temperature of the mixed hot and cold water. If, during the course of showering, the cold water pressure fails or drops significantly, the user is then subjected instantaneously and unexpectedly to an increase in the temperature of the mixed hot and cold water. This could result in serious scalding of the user. Similarly, if the hot water pressure fails or drops significantly, the user is subjected instantaneously and unexpectedly to a decrease in the temperature of the mixed hot and cold water. While this situation is not as potentially harmful to the user's well being as a reduction in the cold water pressure, the reduction of the hot water pressure can still be startling and extremely unpleasant.
The pressure balancer is incorporated into the hot and cold water supply systems to eliminate the unexpected reaction to the reduction of either the hot or cold water supply pressure. The pressure balancer operates to shut off the supply of hot or cold water upon a failure of the pressurized supply of the other. The pressure balancer also responds to changes in the pressure of the hot and cold water supplies where the changes in pressure are sufficient to alter the mix ratio of the hot and cold water and thus the temperature of the mixed water. The pressure balancer responds to the pressure fluctuations by balancing or equalizing the water flow on the hot water side and the cold water side of the pressure balancer to maintain the mix ratio of the hot and cold water and thus maintain the temperature of the mixed water.
The second standard which is being adopted is a high temperature limit control for faucet systems. The high temperature limit control is designed to limit the hot water temperature which is available from the hot water supply system to a level which will prevent scalding of an individual. The high temperature limit control can be accomplished by placing a stop on a single handle faucet which prohibits the movement of the handle to a position which provides full hot water flow with no cold water flow. Thus, a combination of hot and cold water will always be supplied to the mixing valve thereby limiting the temperature of the mixed water. The stop for the single handle faucet is preferably designed with adjustability in order to compensate for varying supply temperatures of the hot and cold water systems.
Another method for accomplishing the high temperature limit control is to mechanically link the hot and cold water control valves with a lost motion device in an two/three handle faucet in order to provide the mixing of cold water with the hot water to limit the temperature of the supplied water. While this approach is feasible, the intricacies of the mechanism, the potential high cost of the mechanism and the durability of the mechanism prohibit the development of faucet systems using this concept.
Thus, there is a need for a two/three faucet system which incorporates a pressure balancer and a high temperature limit control in a simplified and cost effective manner. The faucet system should incorporate both of these controls while still maintaining convenience to the user for adjustability as well as accessibility to the inner working of the faucet system for maintenance purposes. | {
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Small bowel malignant lymphoma complicating celiac sprue and the mesenteric lymph node cavitation syndrome.
Malignant small intestinal lymphoma may complicate or antedate clinical recognition of celiac sprue. However, histologic diagnosis of lymphoma is made especially difficult in the presence of small bowel ulceration. A 70-yr-old man with celiac sprue and a history of dermatitis herpetiformis was initially seen for recurrent diarrhea; panmalabsorption with steatorrhea and protein-losing enteropathy were documented. Subsequent studies showed ectopic gastric mucosa in the small bowel, hyposplenism with mesenteric lymph node cavitation, and small bowel erosions and ulceration. Despite strong clinical suspicion for more than 2 yr, only 1 of 88 small bowel biopsy specimens was positive for lymphoma. At autopsy, shortly after histologic diagnosis of lymphoma, extensive small bowel involvement and infiltration were observed. This is the first report of lymphoma complicating the recently described nonneoplastic lymphoreticular syndrome associated with celiac sprue characterized by splenic atrophy and mesenteric lymph node cavitation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as the Fight of the Century or the Battle for Greatness, was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao. It took place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision, with two judges scoring it 116–112 and the other 118–110. Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history, it was largely considered a letdown by critics and audiences alike upon its broadcast.
Despite predictions that Mayweather–Pacquiao would be the highest-grossing fight in history as early as 2009, disagreements between the two professional boxers' camps on terms for the fight prevented the bout from coming to fruition until 2015. The failure to arrange the Mayweather–Pacquiao fight was named the 2010 Event of the Year by The Ring. Serious negotiations were kickstarted in 2014 by an unlikely source: a Hollywood waiter and part-time actor, Gabriel Salvador, made a key introduction between Pacquiao's trainer and confidant Freddie Roach and CBS President Les Moonves, who both worked to facilitate the match. By 2015, negotiations for the fight had been finalized, with all of the major issues that prevented the fight from happening in the past resolved, including purse split, drug testing and location.
The fight was televised through a pay-per-view (PPV) jointly produced by HBO and Showtime, the respective rightsholders of Pacquiao and Mayweather. In the Philippines, the fight was also broadcast in simulcast across three of the country's major broadcast television networks. The fight was expected to be the most lucrative in the history of professional boxing: with an initial estimate of 4.4 million purchases, the PPV alone broke revenue records in the United States (U.S.) with $410 million in revenue, making it the highest-grossing PPV in history, surpassing Mayweather–Álvarez in 2013. By September 2015, the figure had been amended to 4.6 million. The broadcast of the fight in the Philippines was watched by nearly half the country's households. Due to the record high price of the PPV, the fight was also widely broadcast through unauthorized online streams on services such as Periscope.
Despite the large amount of hype that surrounded it, critics felt that the bout itself was disappointing, primarily citing Mayweather's defense-oriented strategy in the ring and Pacquiao's difficulty in landing punches on Mayweather. This had led to some critics re-labelling the fight 'Better Never Than Late' rather than 'Fight of the Century'. It was later revealed following the event that Pacquiao had sustained an undisclosed injury to his right shoulder while training and that while it had healed in time for the fight, he re-injured it during the fourth round. Further controversy emerged when it was revealed that prior to the fight, Mayweather had been administered IV fluids cleared by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) through a retroactive "therapeutic use exemption"—an exemption, however, not authorized by the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC).
Background
When the fight was announced, Mayweather was 38 years old and still undefeated, with a perfect professional record of 47 wins and no losses. On June 6, 2008, six months after defeating Ricky Hatton by a tenth-round technical knockout, Mayweather announced his retirement from boxing. At the time, plans were in motion for a rematch with Oscar De La Hoya, which was going to take place September 20, 2008. "This decision was not an easy one for me to make as boxing is all I have done since I was a child," Mayweather said. "However, these past few years have been extremely difficult for me to find the desire and joy to continue in the sport." At the time, 31-year-old Mayweather registered 39 wins and no losses in his historic career. At the time of his retirement, The Ring had Mayweather ranked as the No. 1 pound-for-pound fighter in the world, with Manny Pacquiao at No. 2.
During Mayweather's brief retirement, Pacquiao earned superstar status in much of the Western world with his eighth-round technical knockout victory over Oscar De La Hoya, for which he moved up from lightweight to welterweight (135 pounds to 147 pounds).
On May 2, 2009, the day of Pacquiao's fight against Ricky Hatton, Mayweather announced that he was coming out of retirement and would fight Juan Manuel Márquez, The Ring lightweight champion and No. 2 pound-for-pound fighter, on July 18, 2009, in a welterweight non-title fight. Márquez had previously fought Pacquiao in two controversial outings: they fought to a 12-round draw on May 8, 2004, and Pacquiao was awarded a 12-round split decision win on March 15, 2008. Mayweather played down Pacquiao's newfound stardom at his press conference, stating: "If he wins tonight, don't be all shocked ... Cause guess what? I beat (Hatton) when he was undefeated. Pacquiao beat Oscar, it don't matter. Going down to 147 pounds was too much for (De La Hoya), he was dead after the first round. ... When you talk boxing, you talk Floyd Mayweather."
Pacquiao would go on to defeat Hatton by a second-round knockout to win The Ring junior welterweight title. The win made him the second boxer in history to win titles in six weight divisions, the first being Oscar De La Hoya.
Mayweather vs. Márquez was postponed until September 19, 2009, due to a rib injury suffered by Mayweather. Despite being out of the ring for 21 months, Mayweather looked as sharp as ever and dominated the fight, winning by a lopsided 12-round unanimous decision. After the bout, Mayweather Promotions CEO Leonard Ellerbe stated that a fight with Pacquiao was the "next obvious choice from a marketing standpoint."
On November 14, 2009, Pacquiao stopped Puerto Rican star Miguel Cotto in round 12 to win the WBO welterweight title. Pacquiao's victory sparked a media frenzy and fans were quick to demand a fight between the two of them, despite the fact that the actual fight itself had not officially been made yet and would not take place until 2015.
First negotiations
On December 5, 2009, ESPN reported that Pacquiao signed a contract to fight Mayweather on March 13, 2010. Shortly afterward, Pacquiao denied ever signing a contract to fight Mayweather, telling FanHouse, "There are still some things that need to be negotiated." On December 11,
Golden Boy Promotions sent an eight-page contract to Top Rank, proposing a 50–50 financial split for a fight to take place on March 13, 2010. The contract was very detailed, including such matters as who would weigh-in first (Pacquiao), who would enter the ring first (Pacquiao) and who would be introduced first (Mayweather). The contract included an HBO PPV showing at a cost of $59.95. Billing was to be "Mayweather vs. Pacquiao, presented by Top Rank, Golden Boy Promotions, Mayweather Promotions and M-P Promotions in association with [approved sponsors and the site]." Also included in the contract was Olympic-style drug testing. Venues for the fight being discussed were Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas and the Superdome in New Orleans.
In a video titled "Boxing Legend Freddie Roach Updates Us On Pacquiao" uploaded to YouTube on December 11, 2009, Pacquiao's trainer, Freddie Roach, revealed the first hint about Mayweather's request for Olympic-style drug testing, telling roving reporter Elie Seckbach, "I hear negotiations are a little shady. (Richard) Schaefer and them are unhappy about something. They want Olympic-style drug testing. I said, 'Yeah, no problem.' I said, 'Whatever you want.' Since we accepted that, now they're running scared again."
On December 13, 2009, Pacquiao's adviser, Michael Koncz, said Mayweather's request for Olympic-style drug testing was a laughing matter and they had no concerns whatsoever about it. "Our reaction is, 'So what?' We know Manny doesn't take any illegal drugs or anything. And none of this is getting under Manny's skin or anything. I'm here with Manny, and to him, it's like a joke. It's a laughing matter," said Koncz.
After reports had surfaced that both parties had agreed to all terms, Golden Boy Promotions released a press release on December 22, 2009, revealing that Pacquiao was unwilling to comply with the Olympic-style drug testing requested by Team Mayweather. The following day, Bob Arum, Top Rank founder and CEO, declared the fight was off and Pacquiao would be facing a different opponent. "We appeased Mayweather by agreeing to a urine analysis at any time, and blood testing before the press conference and after the fight. Mayweather pressed for blood testing even up to the weigh-in. He knew that Manny gets freaked out when his blood gets taken and feels that it weakens him. This is just harassment and, to me, just signaled that he didn't want the fight," Arum told David Mayo of the Grand Rapids Press.
Not long after declaring that the fight was off, Arum had a change of heart and offered Mayweather a 24-hour take-it-or-leave-it deadline to accept Team Pacquiao's terms for drug testing. Top Rank sent out a press release explaining their position on Mayweather's request for random Olympic-style drug testing. In it, Arum said Pacquiao was willing to submit to as many random urine tests requested, but as far as random blood tests were concerned, he was only willing to subject himself to three tests: one in January, one 30 days from the bout (no later than February 13) and immediately after the fight. "Let's be very clear on the real issues we differ on. It's not about being tested ... It's about who does the testing and the scheduling of the procedures ... The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) cannot do it because they will not amend its procedures to accommodate the blood testing schedule we have outlined. USADA, under its guidelines, would have the right to administer random blood tests as many times as they want up to weigh-in day and that is ludicrous," Arum explained. Freddie Roach told Lance Pugmire of the Los Angeles Times on December 22, 2009, that he would prefer for Pacquiao to give his final blood sample a week before the bout and no later than 72 hours before.
On December 28, 2009, video from an episode of HBO's Pacquiao–Hatton: 24/7 surfaced on the internet showing Pacquiao giving blood in the weeks leading up to his May 2, 2009, bout with Ricky Hatton. Documents confirmed that the video was recorded on April 8, 2009, 24 days prior to the fight and past the 30-day cut-off date that Pacquiao had demanded for a Mayweather fight. Pacquiao filed suit in U.S. District Court in Nevada on December 30, 2009, against Floyd Mayweather Jr., Floyd Mayweather Sr., Roger Mayweather, Mayweather Promotions and Golden Boy Promotions executives Oscar De La Hoya and Richard Schaefer, alleging that they made false and defamatory statements accusing him of taking performance-enhancing drugs.
Both sides agreed to enter into mediation on January 7, 2010, in hopes of coming to an agreement on the blood testing issue. Retired federal judge Daniel Weinstein, who successfully resolved a prior dispute between Top Rank and Golden Boy Promotions, would again act as mediator. Two days later, after hours of negotiating during mediation, Arum declared that the fight was officially off after Mayweather refused to agree to a 24-day cut-off date. Mayweather revealed that he offered a 14-day cut-off date to Team Pacquiao, but it was rejected.
Leonard Ellerbe declared on January 18, that random blood and urine testing will be implemented in all of Mayweather's future fights, regardless of the opponent. On February 13, in an exclusive interview with David Mayo of The Grand Rapids Press, Mayweather said, "I gave him [Pacquiao] a chance, up to 14 days out. But my new terms are all the way up to the fight. They can come get us whenever, all the way up to the fight, random drug test. That's what it is."
After the failed negotiations, both boxers moved on to other fights. On March 13, 2010, Pacquiao defeated Joshua Clottey via unanimous decision and on May 1, 2010, Mayweather beat Shane Mosley by a unanimous decision.
Reported second negotiations
On May 13, 2010, Bob Arum announced that he had penciled in November 13, 2010, as the date of Pacquiao's next fight, possibly against Mayweather. Pacquiao was quoted by the Manila Bulletin on May 20, as saying, "As long as they're not getting a large amount of blood, I am willing to give out blood as close to two weeks before the fight." On the same day, Mayweather revealed that he would be taking off the rest of 2010 and possibly 2011.
Arum declared on June 30, 2010, that there were no longer any issues and the decision was up to Mayweather. "That's all been resolved," Arum stated to Kevin Iole of Yahoo Sports regarding the dispute over random blood and urine drug testing. Arum would also tell the Las Vegas Review-Journal, "There's no longer any issues....The question is whether Mayweather is willing to fight this year." He would reiterate that comment to the Manila Bulletin, stating, "It's now up to Mayweather if he wants to fight."
On July 13, Arum issued a July 16 midnight deadline for Mayweather. "Mayweather has until the end of the week. He could wait until the last minute. If it's Friday [July 16] and it's 11 p.m., and he says we have a deal, we have a deal," Arum would explain to Dan Rafael of ESPN. On July 15, Top Rank's website unveiled an official countdown to the deadline entitled "Money" Time: Mayweather's Decision.
Denial of second negotiations
As soon as the deadline for Mayweather's response expired, Arum held a conference call. Arum revealed to the media that the negotiations he had been referring to consisted of a series of conversations with HBO Sports President Ross Greenburg. He also revealed that there was no actual direct communication with any representative from Team Mayweather or Golden Boy Promotions. "I had a couple of conversations with Ross [Greenburg] and I laid out all the terms that would be acceptable to our side and I also informed him about the concession that Manny had made regarding drug testing. He got back to me in a couple of weeks and told me that he had had discussions with Al Haymon, representing Floyd Mayweather, and that everything looked good and we were nearing a resolution," Arum explained. During a Q & A session following his opening statement, Arum further explained, "We have never talked to anybody on the Mayweather side and all conversations on our part were through Ross Greenburg and he reported on all conversations on the Mayweather side from Al Haymon."
On July 19, 2010, Ellerbe denied that negotiations ever took place and said nothing was ever agreed on. "Here are the facts: Al Haymon, Richard Schaefer and myself speak to each other on a regular basis and the truth is no negotiations have ever taken place nor was there ever a deal agreed upon by Team Mayweather or Floyd Mayweather to fight Manny Pacquiao on November 13. Either Ross Greenburg or Bob Arum is not telling the truth, but history tells us who is lying," stated Ellerbe. Three days later, Schaefer backed Ellerbe's statement that negotiations never took place.
Regarding comments he made suggesting that contracts for the megafight were close to being finalized, De La Hoya told BoxingScene.com on July 26, "I think I said it because I get the question asked so many times that, obviously, I was fed up and tired of it and I just said like, yeah, yeah, it's gonna get made. So it was a quick answer that I should have obviously thought about. But, obviously, negotiations weren't going on. Nothing was going on."
Also on July 26, Greenburg released a statement saying he had been negotiating with a representative from each side since May 2, "I had been negotiating with a representative from each side since May 2, carefully trying to put the fight together. Hopefully, someday this fight will happen. Sports fans deserve it," Greenburg revealed in a prepared statement sent out to select members of the media. Schaefer again supported Ellerbe's denial of negotiations and challenged both Greenburg and Arum to take lie detector tests. "I think it's unfortunate that Ross made that statement. I fully stand behind the statement I made. I have not negotiated with Ross and I am not aware of any negotiations that have taken place," Schaefer told ESPN.
Continued disputes
On September 2, 2010, Mayweather unleashed a profanity-filled racist internet rant against Pacquiao via Ustream. He was misquoted as referring to Pacquiao as "a yellow chump" but he actually called him a "little young chump" and said, "Once I stomp the midget, I’ll make that queer make me a sushi roll and cook me some rice." In addition, he said, "I'm going to cook that [expletive] with cats and dogs. Have some rice with a little barbecue dog." The following day Mayweather apologized. "I want to apologize to everybody. ... I don't have a racist bone in my body, you know. I love everybody," Mayweather said. "I was just having fun. I didn't really mean it, nothing in a bad way."
On July 8, 2011, ESPN reported that Pacquiao was willing to agree to random drug testing—but not by USADA. "We have agreed in the Pacquiao camp to unlimited random testing done by a responsible, neutral organization," Arum told Yahoo!. "We don't believe USADA is a neutral organization. I don't think anybody's test is as vigorous as the test administered by the Olympic Organization. And we can arrange for the Olympic Organization to handle the test under the supervision of the Athletic commission respective of the state where the fight is going to be held." However, the following day, Pacquiao's top adviser, Michael Koncz, stated that Pacquiao had never agreed to testing all the way up to fight day. "Will we give blood five days, seven days before the fight? You know, that's something I have to talk to Manny about, but we have nothing to hide," Koncz said.
On January 20, 2012, Mayweather spoke directly to Pacquiao via telephone. "He ask about a 50/50 split," Mayweather said. "I told him no that can't happen, but what can happen is you can make more money fighting me then you have made in your career." Mayweather offered to pay a flat fee of USD 40 million for a proposed fight but would not allow Pacquiao to share in the revenue. Pacquiao said, "I spoke to Floyd ...and he offered me an amount. He didn't talk about the pay-per-views here and that's it. I can't agree with that. I told him I agree with 55 and 45 (split)."
Pacquiao appeared on the ESPN program First Take on September 20, 2012, and said he had no problem with the drug-testing issue. "Whatever he wants to do," Pacquiao said. He said he was willing to be tested even on the night of the fight. On September 25, Mayweather and Pacquiao reached a confidential settlement in their federal defamation case. In a statement released through the mediator in the case, the Mayweathers said they "wish to make it clear that they never intended to claim that Manny Pacquiao has used or is using any performance-enhancing drugs, nor are they aware of any evidence that Manny Pacquiao has used performance-enhancing drugs."
The Telegraph reported on December 20, that Mayweather said Pacquiao’s association with promoter Bob Arum is the reason why the bout will not happen. "We all know the Pacquiao fight, at this particular time, will never happen, and the reason why the fight won't happen is because I will never do business with Bob Arum again in life, and Pacquiao is Bob Arum's fighter," Mayweather said.
On January 7, 2014, Fighthype.com published an interview with Mayweather in which he called Pacquiao a "desperate dog" who is chasing a megabout due to his tax problems. In response, Pacquiao challenged Mayweather to a fight for charity. "I challenge him to include in our fight contract that both of us will not receive anything out of this fight," Pacquiao said. "We will donate all the proceeds from the fight—guaranteed prize, should there be any, gate receipts, pay-per-view and endorsements—to charities around the world." He added, "Floyd, if you’re a real man, fight me. Let’s do it for the love of boxing and for the fans. Let’s do it not for the sake of money. Let’s make the boxing fans happy."
Successful negotiations
As reported by at least five major media outlets (USA Today, Los Angeles Times, The Hollywood Reporter, The Wall Street Journal and the New York Post), serious negotiations leading to success were kickstarted in May 2014 by a very unlikely source: a Hollywood waiter/actor named Gabriel Salvador (Bones, Bluebloods, Rizzoli & Isles, CSI). Salvador forged a friendship with CBS Network President Leslie Moonves when Moonves became a regular at Craig's restaurant in West Hollywood, where Salvador worked part-time as a waiter and where his son Elijah worked out at Freddie Roach's gym. Salvador and Moonves bonded over their mutual love of boxing. CBS is the parent company of the Showtime Network, which had invested heavily in boxing and spent top-dollar on a multi-year deal with Mayweather. Salvador told Moonves that he believed he could make the fight happen if he could get Moonves together with Pacquiao confidant and trainer Roach. Salvador believed he could do so based on his connection to both men and his "unshakeable feeling" that together they could cut through the politicking and power struggles that seemed to have stymied prior negotiations. Moonves agreed that Salvador should approach Roach to make an introduction with a view to making the fight a reality. Eventually, Salvador approached Roach and asked him if he would be willing to meet with Moonves to get the wheels in motion. Roach agreed and asked Salvador to set up a meeting.
The first meeting between Moonves and Roach took place on May 28, 2014, at the Scarpetta restaurant in the Montage Hotel in Beverly Hills, which Salvador attended. Both Roach and Moonves agreed the long-awaited bout had to happen and Roach gave Moonves the green-light to start making things happen. Roach later helped Moonves make peace with Pacquiao promoter Bob Arum. Moonves then brought the warring elements from both boxers' camps together and, with Salvador's help, even arranged meetings at his home. After difficult negotiations, it was not long after that both camps agreed to fight on the night of May 2, 2015. The consensus is that but for Salvador's key introduction, the fight would not have happened. Both Moonves and Pacquiao promoter Bob Arum have confirmed Salvador's pivotal role.
For his role, Salvador maintains that he is a "finder" entitled to a finder's fee. But Salvador has yet to be paid that fee by either CBS or Roach/Pacquiao. The fight grossed more than $600 million, with the television networks taking in more than $400 million and Pacquiao grossing more than $160 million.
On December 12, 2014, Mayweather proposed a May 2, 2015, fight with Pacquiao, citing his indirect frustration at not being able to make the fight happen in the past by stating that Pacquiao had lost to both Juan Manuel Márquez and Timothy Bradley respectively. He also stated that he (Pacquiao) was "not on his level". Mayweather then went on to close his comments with, "Let's make this fight happen for the people and for the fans."
On January 13, Pacquiao agreed to terms for the fight. Bob Arum claimed that now only Mayweather's camp was holding up an official agreement. On January 27, Mayweather and Pacquiao finally met each other face to face for the first time during an NBA game between the Miami Heat and Milwaukee Bucks in Miami. Pacquiao said they exchanged phone numbers and would communicate with each other. Pacquiao's advisor, Michael Koncz, said that the two future Hall of Famers later met at Pacquiao's hotel for about an hour to discuss the pending superfight and work out the remaining issues. Top Rank promoter Bob Arum expressed optimism that the fight could be finalized by Super Bowl Sunday at the soonest and that there would be no further deadlines for the fight, stating that the negotiations are nearly complete. On January 30, TMZ reported that the fight had been agreed upon by both sides and that a formal announcement would be made in the "next couple of days." However, members from both sides, including Bob Arum and Stephen Espinoza, refuted the report, saying that the deal had not been finalized yet and that negotiations on what would be a joint pay-per-view (Showtime–HBO) telecast of the fight were still clearing out the last significant issues before the deal could be finalized.
On February 20, Mayweather announced that the fight was official and a contract had been signed for a fight to take place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. The fight was expected to shatter PPV buy records and gross millions of dollars with the ticket prices ranging from $3,500 to $250,000 and the PPV was expected to cost USD 89.95 for SD and USD 99.95 for HD. Boxing experts predicted the match would be the richest fight in boxing history and would generate $300 million.
Fight card
Fight details
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao was held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Tickets for the fight went on sale on April 23 after an agreement had been reached over ticket allocation. Only 500 tickets went on sale to the public, priced at $1,500, $2,500, $3,500, $5,000 and $7,500 for the 16,800 capacity MGM Grand. The tickets that went on sale sold out within a minute. As per the contract, the first $160 million of revenue and the revenue above $180 million from the fight was split 60/40 between the fighters, with Mayweather receiving the larger 60% share. Revenue between $160 million and $180 million was to be split 51/49, with the 51% share going to the winner. Both fighters were expected to earn at least $100 million in revenue from their participation. Although the event was jointly promoted by Mayweather Promotions and Top Rank, the contract named Mayweather Promotions as the lead promoter of the fight. Both fighters agreed to undergo drug testing by the United States Anti-Doping Agency, including random blood and urine testing prior to the fight, a test following the fight and a ban from professional boxing for four years if they test positive. Neither fighter has failed a drug test during their professional career.
Kenny Bayless served as the in-ring referee, as chosen by the Nevada Athletic Commission. Bayless has previously officiated five of Mayweather's past bouts and seven of Pacquiao's and he earned a record $25,000 for officiating this fight. Burt Clements, Dave Moretti and Glenn Feldman served as judges. The U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner", was performed by Jamie Foxx. The Philippine national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang", was performed by Filipino-American singer Gail Banawis, joined by The Word Chorale—a choir of Filipino pastors.
A large number of celebrities were in attendance; singer Justin Bieber was among Mayweather's entourage, while Pacquiao was joined by comedian Jimmy Kimmel—who had discussed the possibility of entering with him when Pacquiao appeared on his talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live. Kimmel wore an outfit parodying Bieber's wardrobe from a pre-fight press conference and photobombed a pre-fight photo taken by Pacquiao. Other figures in attendance included Steffi Graf and Andre Agassi, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, Charles Barkley, Mike Tyson, Clint Eastwood, Robert De Niro, Denzel Washington, Michael J. Fox, Donald Trump, Jake Gyllenhaal, Amir Khan, Drew Barrymore, Jesse Jackson, Russell Westbrook, Mark Wahlberg, Lewis Hamilton, Leonardo DiCaprio, Don Cheadle, Michael Jordan, Sugar Ray Leonard, Paris Hilton, Nicki Minaj, Meek Mill, Ben Affleck, The Jonas Brothers, Michael Keaton, Tom Brady, Magic Johnson, Christian Bale, Bradley Cooper, Evander Holyfield, Mariah Carey, Sting, 50 Cent and others.
Broadcasting
As both Pacquiao and Mayweather had exclusive relationships with the broadcasters, HBO and Showtime, at the time of the fight, the telecast of the fight was a joint production between HBO World Championship Boxing and Showtime Championship Boxing. This marked the first collaboration between the two American premium television services since Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson in 2002. It was executive produced and directed by Showtime's David Dinkins Jr. and Bob Dunphy and featured a mix of Showtime and HBO personalities. The ringside announcers for the fight included Roy Jones Jr. (HBO), Al Bernstein (Showtime) and Jim Lampley (HBO) provided analysis. Max Kellerman (HBO) and Jim Gray (Showtime) covered the locker rooms of Pacquiao and Mayweather, respectively. James Brown and Paulie Malignaggi of Showtime hosted the pre-fight show.
The broadcast was, in most regions, distributed as a pay-per-view event. In the United States, the PPV cost was USD 89.95 (with an additional $10 charge for HD), a 40% increase over the PPV cost of Mayweather's 2013 fight against Canelo Álvarez. Rights to screen the fight in commercial venues such as bars and restaurants were administered by G&G Sports, with costs based upon venue size and other factors, reaching as high as $5,000 for a 257-seat establishment. Due to concerns that they may not have been able to recoup the cost of the PPV through cover charges and drink sales, some bars decided against screening the fight at all. Both HBO and Showtime aired encores of the fight the following Saturday, May 9, 2015.
Both Showtime and HBO broadcast documentary specials focusing on the two fighters as part of the lead-up to the fight; Showtime produced the Mayweather-focused Inside Mayweather vs. Pacquiao—with three episodes focusing on Mayweather's preparations for the event and an epilogue which aired the week following the fight, while HBO aired a one-hour Pacquiao-focused Mayweather/Pacquiao: At Last, as well as encores of past Pacquiao fights. Showtime's sister outlet CBS Sports Network also aired supplemental programming, including encores of Inside Mayweather vs. Pacquiao and past Mayweather fights, live coverage of the weigh-in, special broadcasts of The Doug Gottlieb Show and Boomer and Carton from Las Vegas and coverage of the post-fight press conference.
International broadcasting
In Pacquiao's native country of the Philippines, Solar Entertainment held broadcast rights to the fight, reportedly paying $10 million (PHP 440 million). The telecast was made available via commercial free pay-per-view on the television providers Cignal and SkyCable, and at the locations of theatre chain SM Cinema (including IMAX theaters) and the Mall of Asia Arena. Unlike previous Pacquiao fights, whose free-to-air rights were held by GMA Network as part of a sub-licensing arrangement, a "slightly-delayed" telecast of the fight was simulcast by Solar Sports, GMA and the rival commercial networks ABS-CBN and TV5. Solar Sports President Wilson Tieng said that Pacquiao personally requested the joint broadcast due to its historic nature, and that "everybody agreed to set aside all their differences to make sure that this will become the biggest event ever in Philippine television history." GMA held exclusive radio rights to the fight.
In Europe, generally, the fight was broadcast via PPV (Austria, United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Spain). Only a few TV holders in Europe decided otherwise – TVP (Poland), Sport 1 (Czech Republic and Hungary) and Discovery Italy (Deejay TV and DMAX). Sky Sports Box Office won exclusive television rights in the UK to the bout, and produced a four episode broadcast leading up to the event titled Mayweather vs. Pacquiao: Countdown.
Sportsmax TV and Cleeng offered the fight via PPV in 19 Caribbean countries, including Barbados, Jamaica, Surinam and Trinidad & Tobago.
Piracy and streaming
Due to the high profile of the event and the high price of the PPV, there were significant concerns surrounding piracy of the fight's telecast by either bars (which were required to purchase a higher-priced commercial license to televise the event, and were not legally allowed to purchase it through their television provider) or by online streaming services, with TorrentFreak going on to report that Mayweather vs. Pacquiao was "destined to become the most pirated live sports event in history". Organizers were especially concerned about the mobile broadcasting apps Meerkat and Periscope due to their relative ease of use and accessibility, as viewers could simply film their television screen with their phones to make a stream available.
Alongside monitoring activities during the event, actions were also preemptively taken against several sites that advertised plans to illegally stream the fight. In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police's Anti-Cybercrime Group arrested the operator of a streaming service after a complaint by ABS-CBN and was granted a temporary restraining order in a Florida court for its infringements of copyrights and trademarks. HBO and Showtime filed a similar lawsuit against two other streaming services that advertised an intent to offer the fight under (which allows for preemptive claims of copyright infringement against those conspiring to infringe the copyrights of a broadcast) and a court issued a restraining order against the sites and all parties in "active concert or participation with any of them, including any and all service providers who receive notice of this order". The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the wide reach of the order, arguing that the clause of "any and all service providers who receive notice of this order" was comparable to the provisions of the previously proposed Stop Online Piracy Act, theorizing that other parties not originally named could become subject to the injunction by merely receiving notice of the order.
A large number of Periscope streams were used to broadcast the fight, either indirectly with a focus on reactions from viewing parties, or simply rebroadcasting television feeds of the fight. One stream reportedly peaked at around 10,000 viewers, although these streams had inconsistent uptime due either to connection issues or to being reported and taken down by the service. Representatives of both Meerkat and Periscope reported that they acted upon takedown notices received throughout the evening. ESPN's Ryan McGee dubbed Periscope the "winner" of the fight due to the prominence it received through this manner. Dick Costolo, CEO of microblogging service and Periscope parent company Twitter, made a similar remark; although it was initially assumed to be in reference to the illegal streams, he clarified that it was actually in reference to HBO's usage of the service to stream behind-the-scenes from the fighters' locker rooms.
Belt
The winner of the fight received a newly created belt by the WBC. The belt, valued at $1 million, is an exact replica of the current belt, except it has thousands of emeralds in place of the gold plating for the center logo. The belt also contains the faces of both Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao, along with the faces of the former WBC President, José Sulaimán and boxing legend Muhammad Ali. Two belts were initially made for the fight. The green emerald belt won the public fan vote over the black onyx belt with a vote of 53% to 47%.
Gloves
Both fighters wore eight-ounce (230 g) gloves with brands of their choosing. Mayweather wore custom Grant gloves with a multicolored paisley pattern, red & purple trim and the letters TBE (The Best Ever) on the cuff. Pacquiao wore standard red Cleto Reyes gloves with black & white trim. In Pacquiao's third professional loss to Érik Morales, he was forced to use Winning brand gloves the first time around. Pacquiao's complaints were that the gloves felt like "pillows" and they did not give him the same power as his Reyes "puncher's gloves." More recently, Mayweather had glove issues in his first bout with Marcos Maidana, stating that Maidana's Everlast MX gloves did not provide sufficient padding for the knuckles. The issue was later resolved with Marcos Maidana resorting to using Everlast Powerlock type gloves, leaving Maidana's trainer, Robert Garcia, unhappy with the negotiation.
Fighters' gear
Mayweather's trunks were designed by Dapper Dan, a Harlem-based hip-hop fashion designer. At least five possible outfits were created for the fight. FanDuel, a daily fantasy sports website, acquired sponsorship rights to have their logo appear on his waistband. Pacquiao's gear was provided by Nike.
Mayweather commissioned specially-designed mouthguards for the fight by Dr. Lee Gause, owner of Iceberg Guards, costing $25,000. Along with "subtle" clear pairs, some of them contained gold leaf, diamond dust and an embedded $100 bill. Iceberg Guards also released a limited-edition TMT-branded mouthguard to tie in with the fight. Pacquiao's mouthguard was designed by Dr. Ed Dela Vega of Canoga Park, Los Angeles, who has custom-fit mouthguards for Pacquiao and other Philippine boxers. It featured a multi-colored design with a blend of the colors from the flag of the Philippines, meant to represent the different ethnic groups that support him. Unlike Mayweather's, this mouthguard was supplied as a gift to Pacquiao; Vega argued that Mayweather's high-cost mouthguard was simply "hype" meant to "rub it in the face of boxers who can't afford it".
Sponsors
A bidding war ensued between Corona and Tecate—which had respectively served as prominent sponsors of previous Mayweather and Pacquiao fights—for lead sponsorship rights to the fight. Tecate won the sponsorship deal with a bid of $5.6 million, beating a bid of $5.2 million by Corona. As part of the deal, Tecate's logo was visible on all promotional material for the fight. Pacquiao was expected to feature a number of major sponsorships on his gear, providing an estimated $2.25 million in additional revenue. Among them were long-time sponsors, such as Air Asia, Cafe Puro and Motolite. Daily fantasy sports service FanDuel acquired sponsorship rights for Mayweather, including waistband branding and a block of tickets that were given away through an on-site sweepstakes. The King, a mascot of fast food chain Burger King, was among Mayweather's entourage entering the arena.
Merchandise
Prior to the fight, Nike launched a line of Pacquiao-oriented merchandise carrying his logo and the slogans "Do What They Say You Can't" and "#MannyDoes". Demand for Mayweather merchandise was also heavy, including apparel branded under the Mayweather Promotions and The Money Team (TMT) labels amongst others.
From April 24, 2015, through the day of the fight, a MayPac pop-up store operated on the corner of Las Vegas Boulevard and Fremont Street. It sold merchandise for both fighters and featured interactive displays and fan-oriented events.
Recap
In round one, both boxers were aggressive, Mayweather unusually so. Pacquiao attempted to score early points from body shots. However, Mayweather escaped his attack and landed a solid counter strike under Pacquiao's right side. All three judges gave the round to Mayweather. In the second round, Pacquiao repeatedly forced Mayweather toward the ropes, but Mayweather was able to escape or wrap Pacquiao up each time. Pacquiao's jabs mostly missed, but he landed a solid left hand hit late in the round. Mayweather increased his aggression late. Although Harold Lederman of HBO scored this round for Pacquiao, all three judges scored the round in favor of Mayweather.
Early in round three, Mayweather hit Pacquiao low. Pacquiao reacted angrily to the hit, perceiving it as illegal. The fighters exchanged big hits late in the round, energizing the crowd. For the third consecutive round, all three judges scored it in favor of Mayweather. In the fourth round, Pacquiao chased Mayweather around the ring, throwing punches at a rapid pace. Pacquiao scored a big left handed hit, causing Mayweather to put his high guard up against the ropes. Pacquiao took the round on all three scorecards.
Having recovered from Pacquiao's big hit in the previous round, Mayweather won the early exchanges of the fifth round. Pacquiao remained on the offensive, but was unable to land any big punches. Mayweather upped his activity and won the round in the eyes of the three judges. Pacquiao came out aggressive in the sixth, forcing Mayweather to the ropes. Pacquiao successfully landed a couple of combinations, but Mayweather appeared to be unfazed. All the judges gave the round to Pacquiao, making the overall score Mayweather 58–56 (4–2 by rounds) on all cards.
Mayweather changed tactics at the start of the seventh round, becoming the aggressor for a second and forcing Pacquiao on to the ropes. He threw a double jab, then a right-handed punch, landing none, before Pacquiao counterattacked with an unsuccessful combo. Mayweather stayed aggressive in the eighth round, landing jabs that kept Pacquiao off balance. Pacquiao went on the attack, opening up and landing some bigger punches. The round went to Mayweather on the official scorecards.
In the ninth round, Pacquiao was again on the offensive. He effectively landed several punches, but Mayweather also landed on his counters. Both parties landed a number of hits in a late flurry of action that excited the crowd. Pacquiao was active, while Floyd picked his counters. Two of the three judges gave the round to Pacquiao, while the other saw it for Mayweather. The tenth round saw Pacquiao on the attack. Again, two judges saw it for Pacquiao and one for Mayweather. Mayweather led 96–94 (6–4) on two cards and 98–92 (8–2) on the other with two rounds remaining.
Mayweather came out swinging in the eleventh round, landing just below his highest volume of the fight. The action then stalled as Pacquiao struggled to land much on a defensive-minded Mayweather, who ducked the attacks. Pacquiao forced Mayweather to the corner, but Mayweather landed a clean hit on Pacquiao's chin. However, Pacquiao still managed to hit solid punches in a fast pace. The judges unanimously scored the round in favor of Mayweather. In the final round, Pacquiao attempted to attack with Mayweather mostly looking to avoid his punches by running across the ring. Mayweather kept the fight in the center of the ring, but Pacquiao did land some inside counters. All three judges gave the round to Mayweather.
Floyd Mayweather Jr. defeated Manny Pacquiao after 12 rounds by unanimous decision, 118–110, 116–112, 116–112, to remain undefeated in his career. According to CompuBox, Mayweather landed 67 more punches throughout the match. Only three times did Pacquiao land double figure punches in a round. Pacquiao himself thought he won the fight and continues to maintain that he deserved the decision.
Scorecards
Aftermath
Revenue and viewership
The fight lived up to revenue expectations, generating somewhere between $300 million and $400 million in gross revenue according to early estimates (including announced ticket sales totalling $72,198,500), which would surpass Super Bowl XLIX. Due to the possibility of high demand, viewers were encouraged to pre-order the PPV: a HBO representative reported that the fight had attracted more pre-orders than any other PPV event in the broadcaster's history. Despite the guidance, a high volume of last-minute orders overwhelmed the systems of several major U.S. television providers and resulted in various technical issues, such as difficulties ordering or viewing the PPV and outages that affected unrelated channels as well for some viewers. To address these issues, the main event was pushed back 45 minutes from its originally projected start time of 8:15 p.m. PT (11:15 p.m. ET), to 9:00 p.m PT (12:00 a.m. ET).
The fight broke PPV viewership records in the United States, with 4.6 million buys and over $410 million in revenue, surpassing the previous $150 million revenue record set by Floyd Mayweather vs. Canelo Álvarez, the 2.48 million buy record set by 2007's Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. and a pre-fight estimate of $270 million from three million households. In the Philippines, Kantar ratings estimated that the fight was watched across the three-network consortium by 46.9% of Filipino households; of the three networks simulcasting the fight, ABS-CBN had the largest number of viewers, with a rating share of 24%.
Due to hundreds of business jets filling up the stands, McCarran International Airport was closed for non-airline flights during the event days. By contrast, the typically bustling streets of the Philippine capital Manila were nearly empty during the fight.
Post-fight remarks
After the fight, Mayweather remarked "[Pacquiao] definitely had his moments in the fight. As long as I moved on the outside, I was able to stay away from those. He’s a really smart fighter ... My dad wanted me to do more, but I had to take my time. Because Manny Pacquiao is a competitor, and he’s extremely dangerous." Mayweather said he would retire after his next fight, the opponent of which is not yet decided. Pacquiao said "I thought I won the fight. He’s moving around. It’s not easy to throw punches when he’s moving around so much ... I thought I caught him many more times than he caught me." Citing the stats that showed he possibly should have won the fight, Pacquiao has continued to maintain he should have been awarded the decision. On the possibility of a rematch, Mayweather stated on May 9, 2015, that he had no plans to fight Pacquiao again "at this particular time", referring to him as being a "sore loser" and a "coward".
Pacquiao shoulder injury
Hours after the fight, Pacquiao's team disclosed that he had injured his right shoulder in April during a training exercise. The injury was partially healed, but Pacquiao requested and was denied an injection of legal painkillers before the fight. Pacquiao said he re-injured the shoulder in the fourth round of the fight and was ineffective after that. On May 4, a representative of the Nevada State Athletic Commission said that it was looking into why Pacquiao had stated he had no shoulder injuries on pre-fight questionnaire and was considering fining or suspending him for the deception. Pacquiao's team responded with a statement saying the United States Anti-Doping Agency had been informed of the injury, but USADA head Travis Tygart said Pacquiao's team had only asked about the legality of certain substances for use on an unspecified shoulder injury and had provided "no medical information, no MRIs, no documents". Mayweather initially stated that he would be open to the possibility of a rematch with Pacquiao once he had recovered from his shoulder injury, but he changed his mind before talks of a rematch were in the works. Pacquiao later underwent surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff and was out of action for nine months to one year.
Mayweather's IV injection
After weighing in for the fight on May 1, Mayweather received an intravenous injection for the stated purpose of pre-bout re-hydration. The two IV infusions were administered at his home, amounted to 16% of the total average male blood quantity, and contained saline, multivitamins and vitamin C. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) forbids such a large amount of fluids entering the body before competition as a preventive step against the possible masking of performance-enhancing drug use. Bob Bennett, the executive director of the NSAC, stated that unless the IV was administered at a hospital, it needs to be cleared by filing a therapeutic-use exemption, and supporting documents through the Nevada commission and authorized by the commission’s medical expert. The Pacquiao camp had requested an injection of the anti-inflammatory Toradol for Pacquiao's injured shoulder before the fight, but was denied authorization by the NSAC. USADA authorized both injections, but the NSAC was not informed of Mayweather's IV until after the fight.
Reception
The fight itself left many fans disappointed. Forbes.com contributor Brian Goff called it "arguably, the least entertaining 'mega fight' in memory", attributing the disappointment to Mayweather's defense-oriented strategy, which is atypical of top boxers. The New York Times felt that the bout was "far from electrifying and had some fans grumbling about Mayweather’s methodical defensive style". Los Angeles Times columnist Bill Dwyre felt that the fight was "as compelling as the 405 freeway at 8 a.m.". Regarding Pacquiao's undisclosed shoulder injury, he called the entire situation very damaging to boxing, accusing the fight's promoters of allowing the fight to go on for monetary reasons, and potentially alienating fans. Dwyre went on to say that "This was billed the Fight of the Century. As The Wall Street Journal so aptly put it, it's good that we have 85 years left to top it." Former heavyweight champ Evander Holyfield, who thought that Pacquiao should have been awarded the decision, questioned the judging of not just this fight but recent prize fights in general in an essay in The Players' Tribune.
Lawsuits
On May 5, 2015, two Las Vegas residents filed a class-action lawsuit against Pacquiao, his manager and Top Rank, for failing to disclose Pacquiao's injury before the fight. The plaintiffs felt that their actions deceived those who bought tickets or the PPV or bet on the fight and violated the rules of the NSAC. The complaints will be heard by a Los Angeles judge, who will determine whether they may go to trial.
In May 2016, Showtime Networks also sued Top Rank over the injury, claiming that the promoter violated an indemnification agreement.
Rematch
On September 15, 2018, both Mayweather and Pacquiao posted videos on Instagram depicting an encounter between the two at Ultra Japan, speculating the possibility of a rematch. Mayweather's stated in his posting of the video that the fight would happen "this year" and described it as "another nine-figure pay day on the way" and was heard remarking to Pacquiao that he was going to "take [the belt] from you like I did before". In Pacquiao's video (posted with the comment "50–1 #NoExcuses"), Mayweather was heard mentioning the "second of December". It is unknown if any formal negotiations have actually occurred.
On September 19, 2018, Mayweather clarified his calls for a rematch, stating that he planned to hold a fight in Japan first before any possible rematch.
On November 4, 2018, it was announced that Mayweather would fight undefeated Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa on New Year's Eve. It will be a three-round exhibition boxing match. In the one-sided fight, Nasukawa was knocked down three times in the first round and his corner subsequently threw the towel in.
See also
Fight of the Century – other fights considered "Fight of the Century"
References
Category:2015 in boxing
Category:2015 in sports in Nevada
Category:21st century in Las Vegas
Category:Boxing matches involving Manny Pacquiao
Category:Boxing in Las Vegas
Category:Boxing on HBO
Category:Simulcasts
Category:May 2015 sports events in the United States
Category:Boxing matches involving Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Category:MGM Grand Garden Arena | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lakes Region Facility
Lakes Region Facility was a state prison in Laconia, Belknap County, New Hampshire, in the United States. The facility was operated by the New Hampshire Department of Corrections, and has been closed as of June 30, 2009 as a result of the late-2000s recession.
The Lakes Region Facility was a minimum custody transitional facility. Its capacity is 400 inmates but averaged about 300 male inmates. The warden of the facility oversaw inmates housed there as well as inmates in the Calumet and North End Transitional Housing Units, as well as The Transitional Work Center. Lakes Region Facility minimum-security offenders provided over 30,000 hours of community service to state and county agencies and Laconia-area non-profit organizations. The Lakes Region Facility employed 153 people, including 105 corrections officers and 48 non-uniformed employees.
Lakes Region was a minimum security transitional prison. In 2004, it became an entirely male facility: minimum security female prisoners were relocated to the Shea Farm Halfway House in Concord, New Hampshire.
References
External links
Lakes Region Facility
Category:Prisons in New Hampshire
Category:Buildings and structures in Laconia, New Hampshire
Category:2009 disestablishments in New Hampshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Q:
Personal Valgrind Anomaly
First I would like to thank in you in advance for any help in this matter.
The Valgrind output pasted below is stemming from the following single line of C code.
for( j=i;j<list->size-1;j++ ) s3->delete_tail( s3 );
However, if I change the line to lets say,
for( j=i;j>=0;j-- ) s3->delete_tail( s3 );
which is just a change in the parameters of the for loop, the errors in the Valgrind output below are not reported. I do not want to be naive about this and think that it has something to do with the for loop. I have tested the delete tail at various points in the program deleting various amounts of data with no errors being reported. So my hunch is that the problem lies somewhere else in my program. I have been looking for hours but can't seem to find it. I am a new programmer so this can definitively attributed to my lack of experience.
To provide a little more context, here is the surrounding code.
MatrixList* gen_parens( MatrixList *list, MatrixList *ret ) {
if( list->size==1 ) {
}
if( list->size==2 ) {
}
int i=0;
//for( i=0;i<list->size;i++ ) {
MatrixList *s3 = (MatrixList*)malloc(sizeof(MatrixList));
MatrixList *s2 = (MatrixList*)malloc(sizeof(MatrixList));
set_list_functions( s3 );
set_list_functions( s2 );
list->clone( list, s3 );
list->clone( list, s2 );
int j=0;
//for( j=i;j<list->size-1;j++ ) s3->delete_tail( s3 );
for( j=i;j>=0;j-- ) s3->delete_tail( s3 );
for( j=i;j>=0;j-- ) s2->delete_head( s2 );
s3->print( s3 );
s2->print( s2 );
s3->release( s3 );
free( s3 );
s2->release( s2 );
free( s2 );
ret=(MatrixList*)malloc(sizeof(MatrixList));
set_list_functions( ret );
//}
return ( ret );
}
A link to the source if you need it to help is located at http://matthewh.me/Scripts/c++/matrix_chain/ with password=guest,user=guest.
The Valgrind output with the detected errors from the first line of code in this post is:
[mehoggan@desktop matrix_chain]$ valgrind --leak-check=full -v ./main
==3317== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==3317== Copyright (C) 2002-2009, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3317== Using Valgrind-3.5.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==3317== Command: ./main
==3317==
--3317-- Valgrind options:
--3317-- --leak-check=full
--3317-- -v
--3317-- Contents of /proc/version:
--3317-- Linux version 2.6.35.13-92.fc14.i686.PAE (mockbuild@x86-17.phx2.fedoraproject.org) (gcc version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Sat May 21 17:33:09 UTC 2011
--3317-- Arch and hwcaps: X86, x86-sse1-sse2
--3317-- Page sizes: currently 4096, max supported 4096
--3317-- Valgrind library directory: /usr/lib/valgrind
--3317-- Reading syms from /lib/ld-2.13.so (0x799000)
--3317-- Reading debug info from /usr/lib/debug/lib/ld-2.13.so.debug ..
--3317-- Reading syms from /home/mehoggan/Subversion/Scripts/c++/matrix_chain/main (0x8048000)
--3317-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-x86-linux (0x38000000)
--3317-- object doesn't have a dynamic symbol table
--3317-- Reading suppressions file: /usr/lib/valgrind/default.supp
--3317-- REDIR: 0x7b0080 (index) redirected to 0x3803dd33 (vgPlain_x86_linux_REDIR_FOR_index)
--3317-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-x86-linux.so (0x4001000)
--3317-- Reading syms from /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so (0x4003000)
==3317== WARNING: new redirection conflicts with existing -- ignoring it
--3317-- new: 0x007b0080 (index ) R-> 0x04006bb0 index
--3317-- REDIR: 0x7b0240 (strlen) redirected to 0x4006fe0 (strlen)
--3317-- Reading syms from /lib/libc-2.13.so (0x7ba000)
--3317-- Reading debug info from /usr/lib/debug/lib/libc-2.13.so.debug ..
--3317-- REDIR: 0x8306d0 (rindex) redirected to 0x40069f0 (rindex)
--3317-- REDIR: 0x82c010 (malloc) redirected to 0x40066f9 (malloc)
--3317-- REDIR: 0x8302b0 (strlen) redirected to 0x400146d (_vgnU_ifunc_wrapper)
--3317-- REDIR: 0x837510 (__strlen_sse2_bsf) redirected to 0x4006fa0 (strlen)
--3317-- REDIR: 0x82fd70 (strcpy) redirected to 0x4007020 (strcpy)
==3317== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==3317== at 0x8048EFB: gen_parens (matrix_list.c:187)
==3317== by 0x80486EC: main (main.c:36)
==3317==
Deleteing Tail
--3317-- REDIR: 0x82c530 (free) redirected to 0x4005a85 (free)
Deleteing Tail
Deleteing Tail
Deleteing Tail
Deleteing Tail
--3317-- REDIR: 0x833000 (strchrnul) redirected to 0x4008a20 (strchrnul)
A(1X3)
B(3X5), C(5X7), D(7X9), E(9X2), F(2X6)
Nothing to clean up!!!
==3317==
==3317== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3317== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3317== total heap usage: 58 allocs, 58 frees, 824 bytes allocated
==3317==
==3317== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==3317==
==3317== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
==3317== ERROR SUMMARY: 6 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 12 from 8)
==3317==
==3317== 6 errors in context 1 of 1:
==3317== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==3317== at 0x8048EFB: gen_parens (matrix_list.c:187)
==3317== by 0x80486EC: main (main.c:36)
==3317==
--3317--
--3317-- used_suppression: 12 dl-hack3-cond-1
==3317==
==3317== ERROR SUMMARY: 6 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 12 from 8)
UPDATE
I think I found part of the problem, going to keep testing. But I was not initializing the size of the list in main.c. I added the following lines to the function
void set_list_functions( MatrixList *list );
inside of matrix_list.c
void set_list_functions( MatrixList *list ) {
list->head = NULL;
list->tail = NULL;
list->append = append;
list->print = print;
list->reverse_print = reverse_print;
list->delete = delete;
list->delete_head = delete_head;
list->delete_tail = delete_tail;
list->release = release;
list->clone = clone;
***list->size = 0;***
}
A:
I read through a portion of your repository code and tried to keep track of what you are doing. There is a major problem here:
void clone_list( MatrixList *from, MatrixList *to ) {
if( from->head == NULL ) {
to = NULL;
} else {
*to = *from;
to->head = 0;
to->tail = 0;
to->size = 0;
Node *old;
for( old=from->head;old!= NULL;old=old->next ) {
Matrix *m_copy = clone_matrix(old->M);
to->append( to,m_copy );
}
}
}
The first if part with to = NULL will change nothing of your return value, because you only assign it locally. If you need to change the pointer, then make the parameter a MatrixList **to and then do a *to = NULL. But I think it may also make sense to only write do a to->size = 0 (and check to for beeing NULL before).
If from was NULL, then list->size will be undefined later, because you dont initialize it before, what means it could have every possible value.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Does 3>&1 imply 4>&3 5>&3 etc.?
I'd expect
echo foo | tee /proc/self/fd/{3..6} 3>&1
to fail with errors like /proc/self/fd/4: No such file or directory etc., but to my surprise, it outputs
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo
It's like 3>&1 causes all following descriptors to be redirected to stdout, except it doesn't work if I change 3 to something else, like
$ echo foo | tee /proc/self/fd/{3..6} 4>&1
tee: /proc/self/fd/3: No such file or directory
tee: /proc/self/fd/5: No such file or directory
tee: /proc/self/fd/6: No such file or directory
foo
foo
$ echo foo | tee /proc/self/fd/{4..6} 4>&1
tee: /proc/self/fd/5: No such file or directory
tee: /proc/self/fd/6: No such file or directory
foo
foo
Is there an explanation for this behavior?
A:
strace shows this sequence of system calls:
$ strace -o strace.log tee /proc/self/fd/{3..6} 3>&1
...
$ cat strace.log
...
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/self/fd/3", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 4
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/self/fd/4", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 5
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/self/fd/5", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 6
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/self/fd/6", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 7
...
The first line opens /proc/self/fd/3 and assigns it the next available fd number, 4. /proc/self/fd/3 is a special path. Opening it has an effect similar to duping fd 3: fd 4 points to the same place as fd 3, the tty.
The same thing happens for each successive openat() call. When the dust settles fds 4, 5, 6, and 7 are all duplicates of fd 3.
1 → tty
3 → tty
4 → tty
5 → tty
6 → tty
7 → tty
Note that the 3>&1 redirection isn't important. What's important is that we're asking tee to open /proc/self/fd/N where N is already in use. We should get the same result if we get rid of 3>&1 and have tee start at /proc/self/fd/2 instead. Let's see:
$ echo foo | tee /proc/self/fd/{2..6}
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo
Confirmed! Same result.
We can also repeat the same fd number over and over. We get the same result when we hit fd 6. By the time it reaches the last one it has opened enough descriptors to make the jump to 6 possible.
$ echo foo | tee /proc/self/fd/{2,2,2,2,6}
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Samsung has three words for owners of its brand-new, $2,000 folding smartphone: Handle with care.
The Galaxy Fold, whose launch was delayed for months after gadget bloggers reported that their review units were malfunctioning, now comes with a list of rules to follow to not break the phone — including not touching it with your fingernail.
“Do not press the screen with a hard or sharp object, such as a pen or fingernail, or apply excessive pressure,” instructions on the $1,980 phone’s packaging advise, according to a reviewer from CNBC.
Samsung also advises, “tap lightly to keep it safe.”
Users are further warned to keep “any objects such as cards, coins, or keys” well away from the screen.
The original problem was that a thin protective layer — meant to keep the phone’s screen together when folded or unfolded — had only gone up to the screen’s edge. That led tech reviewers to peel it off, thinking it was a screen protector.
When the phone is booted up, it shows a warning screen, which informs users of the protective layer in a bold font.
It also reiterates that the phone is not dust or water resistant, and that users should not attach screen protectors to its 7-inch display.
Samsung offers a concierge service to replace the Fold’s screen for $149 if it breaks once.
Any future breaks — or a break once the phone is out of warranty — will cost $600 to repair, according to Samsung. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Body shape in American and British adults: between-country and inter-ethnic comparisons.
Recent studies indicate differences between British and American white adults, and between income and ethnic groups within the United States, in the population distribution of lifestyle diseases. Differential prevalence of obesity has been suggested as a contributing factor; however, the conventional approach to categorizing obesity, body mass index, is confounded by ethnic variability in physique. To compare indices of shape between white British and American adults, and between white, African and Hispanic American adults. Analysis of two large National Sizing Surveys, using identical study design and three-dimensional (3D) body-scanning instrumentation, on adults aged 17+ years from the UK (3907M and 4710F white), and from the USA (1744M and 3329F white, 709M and 1106F African and 639M and 839F Hispanic). Weight, height, body circumferences. In the United States, socio-economic status was associated with increasing height and decreasing waist girth in white and Hispanic, but not African Americans. Compared to white British, white Americans had larger weight and girths, especially waist girth in men. Relative to white Americans, African Americans had smaller relative waist girth, but larger thigh girth, whereas Hispanic Americans had larger relative waist girth. Body shape of white American adults differs from that of their UK counterparts. Within Americans, ethnic differences in body shape closely track reported differences in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, implicating variability in central abdominal fat as a key contributing factor. 3D photonic scanning offers a novel approach for categorizing risk of the metabolic syndrome and monitoring treatment success. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Count distinct on elastic search
How to achieve count distinct function on elastic search type using sql4es driver?
Select distinct inv_number , count(1) from invoices;
But it returns the total count of the particular invoice number.
A:
Elasticsearch doesn't support deterministic DISTINCT counts (source). It supports only approximate distinct counters like "cardinality".
One way to count distincts in a deterministic way is to aggregate them using "terms" and count buckets from result.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Top Gear is being investigated by media watchdog Ofcom over Jeremy Clarkson's use of the word 'pikey', despite the BBC Trust having previously cleared the show.
Ofcom has launched a probe into the use of the word, used as a derogatory term for gipsies or travellers, and its potential for offence, but said today it will take no action over an expletive-laden Kanye West performance at this year's Brit awards.
The US rapper's heavily-muted performance of track All Day, broadcast after the watershed, reportedly contained more than 30 uses of the N-word and sparked 151 complaints.
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Top Gear is to be investigated by media watchdog Ofcom over Jeremy Clarkson's use of the word 'pikey', despite the BBC Trust having previously cleared the show
The word, which is used as a derogatory term for gipsies or travellers, had been scrawled on a sign reading 'Pikey's Peak', and used in a joke at Richard Hammond's expense
Viewers said the censoring of the February performance, shown on a 20 second delay with the offensive words and phrases muted, left it sounding 'like Morse code', with some questioning why it ever went ahead if so much of the song had to be censored.
However, despite the muting, some viewers said they could still hear the N-word on at least three occasions, while another rapper sharing the stage with West was heard to say 's***'.
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As well as complaints from the audience at home, fellow musician Lionel Richie, who attended the show, was left unimpressed, and criticised West for his use of the N-Word.
However, Ofcom said it will not be investigating the viewers' complaints.
'We received a number of complaints that Kanye West’s language, shortly after the watershed, was offensive but we will not be taking the matter forward for investigation,' said an Ofcom spokesman.
'Having carefully assessed these complaints, we noted that before the programme ITV took steps to ensure that offensive language was not used, and during the programme to mute the majority of it'.
But the watchdog is investigating the use of 'pikey' in Top Gear, where it was scrawled on a sign reading 'Pikey's Peak', and used in a joke at Richard Hammond's expense.
Ofcom said today it will take no action over an expletive-laden Kanye West performance at this year's Brit awards (pictured)
The BBC Trust backed the show, saying there had been 'no intended racist reference', but Ofcom announced today it would be investigating the episode, which was broadcast in February last year.
The complaint to Ofcom was lodged by the Traveller Movement charity, which had initially complained to the BBC Trust - and said it was 'horrified' by the resulting decision.
'Ofcom is investigating a complaint from the Travellers’ Movement that it was offensive to include a placard with "Pikey's Peak" written on it in this BBC show,' an Ofcom spokesman said.
In the episode, Clarkson had put up the placard during a challenge in which the presenters had to race 1980s hatchbacks, and he and James May were ridiculing Hammond's choice of a Vauxhall Nova.
The Ofcom investigation into whether the potential for offence caused by the use of the word 'pikey' was justified by the context began in April, after details of the BBC Trust ruling were released in March.
The BBC Trust had acknowledged that the word 'pikey' derived from 'turnpike' and so related to Travellers, but its Editorial Standards Committee said there had been ‘no intended racist reference’ by the Top Gear team.
The complaint to Ofcom over Jeremy Clarkson's use of the word was lodged by the Traveller Movement charity, who initially complained to the BBC Trust
The ruling stated: 'The committee believed the word "pikey" had evolved into common parlance among a number of people to mean "chavvy" or "cheap" and … viewers would not necessarily associate it with the Gipsy and Traveller communities.'
A spokesman from Traveller Movement told MailOnline the charity welcomed Ofcom’s decision to investigate the episode.
'The BBC Trust ruling was absurd when it ruled that the Top Gear use of the word "pikey" had nothing to do with Gipsies and Travellers and meant cheap and dodgy instead,' he said.
'Seeing as the word had been used by Clarkson and his crew in the past alongside a reference to selling pegs and heather, it is clearly the Trust that is being a bit cheap and dodgy.
'We believe in freedom of speech, but with that freedom there must be responsibility. The BBC Trust abdicated that responsibility when legitimised the use of a racist word on one of their most popular and money-spinning programmes.
'We can bang on about semantics and meanings but at the end of the day too many Gipsies and Travellers hear that word in the form of racist abuse.
'How can you work for understanding and integration when racist abuse is seen as funny by a national public broadcaster paid for by the public?
'We hope that the Ofcom investigation is thorough. This is clearly a topic that needs some attention, particularly with the often mocking and derogatory TV fascination with all things Gipsy.'
A spokesman for Top Gear declined to comment on the Ofcom investigation.
It is not the first time the controversial motoring show - and its former presenters - have run into trouble.
Clarkson had to apologise when unscreened footage emerged of him mumbling the n-word while reciting the children's nursery rhyme 'eeny, meeny, miny, moe' to choose between two cars and the show was also censured by Ofcom for breaching broadcasting rules after Clarkson used a 'racial' term when he said: 'That is a proud moment, but there's a slope on it', as a man walked towards them on their makeshift bridge over the River Kwai during the programme's Burma special.
Last year ended with the motoring show's crew forced to flee Argentina when it emerged they were using a Porsche with the registration number H982 FKL, which some people suggested could refer to the Falklands conflict of 1982.
Clarkson has left the show after the BBC allowed his contract to run down after an internal investigation found he attacked show producer Oisin Tymon (pictured) in an unprovoked assault
Clarkson left the show after the BBC allowed his contract to run down following an internal investigation which found he attacked show producer Oisin Tymon in an unprovoked assault at a north Yorkshire hotel.
An official report found that the 54-year-old presenter punched Mr Tymon in the mouth before being dragged away by a witness, causing the producer to go to A&E for emergency treatment.
He also verbally abused him for 20 minutes, blaming Mr Tymon for failing to ensure that he could get a steak at the hotel.
Mr Clarkson was suspended as Top Gear presenter as soon as news of the fight came to light.
Following weeks of speculation, the BBC announced that it would not renew his contract after the internal report was released on March 24.
Lord Hall, the director-general of the corporation, said Clarkson had 'crossed the line' and that 'there cannot be one rule for one and one rule for another'.
His co-stars, Hammond and May, are believed to have also left the show, along with producer Andy Wilman, and are expected to launch a rival show with another broadcaster.
It has been reported that the BBC is lining up a 'dream team' of new presenters, including model Jodie Kidd, Life on Mars actor Philip Glenister and Channel 4 presenter Guy Martin.
COURTING CONTROVERSY: THE MOMENTS TOP GEAR LANDED IN HOT WATER
December 2005: Jeremy Clarkson sparked complaints when he gave a Nazi salute while discussing the German-made BMW Mini.
April 2007: During a scathing review of the Perodua Kelisa, made in Malaysia, Clarkson described the car as the 'worst in the world' and implied it had been built by 'jungle people who wear leaves as shoes'.
July 2008: Clarkson is ticked off by BBC Trust bosses for drinking a gin and tonic while driving a truck in the Polar Special episode which aired in July 2007. Despite arguments from the producers that Clarkson and James May, who was also drinking in the cab, were not drunk and the footage was filmed in 'international waters' and therefore drink-driving laws did not apply, the BBC Trust ruled that the scenes 'could be seen to glamorise the misuse of alcohol'.
In November 2008, Clarkson was criticised for joking about lorry drivers killing prostitutes
November 2008: Clarkson was criticised for joking about lorry drivers killing prostitutes in what was believed to be a reference to Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe. He had said: 'Change gear, change gear, change gear, check mirror, murder a prostitute, change gear, change gear, murder. That’s a lot of effort in a day.' Ofcom received more 500 complaints, but said the remark did not breach of the broadcasting code.
July 2010: In a discussion about women distracting drivers, Clarkson said: 'Honestly, the burka doesn’t work. I was in a cab in Piccadilly the other day when a woman in a full burka crossing the road in front of me tripped over the pavement, went head over heels and up it came, red g-string and stockings.'
August 2010: Clarkson described a Ferrari as 'special needs' and a 'simpleton' during a bad review, sparking an official complaint from the National Autistic Society.
February 2011: Mocking the Mexican Mastretta sports car, May introduced the car as 'The Tortilla', before Richard Hammond stated: 'Cars reflect national characteristics... a Mexican car's just going to be a lazy, feckless, flatulent oaf with a moustache, leaning against a fence asleep, looking at a cactus with a blanket with a hole in the middle on as a coat'. Clarkson ended the segment by suggesting that the Mexican ambassador to Britain would be too lazy to make any kind of complaint - which prompted ambassador, Eduardo Medina Mora, to write to the BBC, complaining that the presenters 'resorted to outrageous, vulgar and inexcusable insults to stir bigoted feelings against the Mexican people'. The BBC defended the jokes, but apologised to the ambassador for the remarks made about him.
In July last year, Ofcom ruled Clarkson had 'deliberately employed' the word 'slope' to refer to an Asian man seen crossing this bridge during the show's Burma special
March 2014: The show's Burma special airs, including when Clarkson's described a makeshift bridge over the River Kwai saying: 'That is a proud moment, but there's a slope on it', as a man walked towards them. The following month, executive producer Andy Wilman says he 'regrets' use of the word 'slope' being broadcast but insisted it was 'light-hearted wordplay'. In July, Ofcom rules Clarkson had 'deliberately employed the offensive word to refer to the Asian person' and said there was 'insufficient context to justify the broadcast of this material'.
May 2014: In unaired footage, Clarkson was heard reciting the rhyme 'eeny, meeny, miny, mo' before apparently muttering 'catch a n***** by his toe'. He apologises, and says it was 'inevitable' the BBC would eventually sack him but ‘begged’ for public forgiveness after the footage was aired.
October 2014: The Top Gear crew are forced to leave Argentina after being confronted by an angry mob, furious that Clarkson's Porsche was using the number plate HK982 FKL, apparently referring to the Falklands War.
March 2015: It is announced that Clarkson's Top Gear contract will not be renewed after he attacked show producer Oisin Tymon in an unprovoked assault at a north Yorkshire hotel. An official report found that the 54-year-old presenter punched Mr Tymon in the mouth before being dragged away by a witness, causing the producer to go to A&E for emergency treatment. He also verbally abused him for 20 minutes, blaming Mr Tymon for failing to ensure that he could get a steak at the hotel. Mr Clarkson was suspended as Top Gear presenter as soon as news of the fight came to light. Following weeks of speculation, the BBC announced that it would not renew his contract after the internal report was released on March 24. Lord Hall, the director-general of the corporation, said Clarkson had 'crossed the line' and that 'there cannot be one rule for one and one rule for another'. | {
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Video: Q&A with Cast & Crew, “Pariah”
After quickly becoming a crowd favorite at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival—and picking up an award there for Excellence in Cinematography to boot—Dee Rees's Pariah came to the 2011 New Directors/New Films festival with huge buzz. Nine months later the film bowed at the Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center to equally favorable reviews. To celebrate its opening, stars Adepero Oduye and Pernell Walker and producer Nekisa Cooper were in person for a Q&A following a screening of the film on December 29, moderated by Film Society's Richard Peña.
Pariah's journey started when director Dee Rees wrote the screenplay for a feature length film while she was interning on the set of Spike Lee's Inside Man. Due to lack of funds, it was first realized as a short film in 2007. The short then gave way to a stint at Sundance Screenwriters Lab, where it was eventually turned into a feature film.
One of the points repeatedly emphasized at the Q&A was how the relationships between characters on screen felt very natural. Producer Nekisa Cooper attributed this quality of Pariah to Rees's disbelief in traditional rehersal process. Collaborative exercises between actors, being in character off set and conducting mock therapy sessions gave way to building shared experiences, thus creating a feeling of trust within the cast and crew.
In regards to social and educational aspect of the film, actress Pernell Walker said, "[Pariah] opened eyes and created a vivid dialogue with people" in communities where these issues were not being talked about. "What makes this movie great is no character is archetypal," Oduye added. In addition, Oduye stressed the film's great potential to raise awareness and open up discussions in various communities. Cooper said that they are planning to create educational materials to accompany the film for use in schools.
Pariah tells the compelling story of Alike (pronounced ah-lee-kay), a 17-year-old African-American Brooklynite who, along with her family, is struggling to come to terms with her sexual identity. If you haven't already, there are still three days to catch Pariah on the big screen at Film Society! Below is full video of the Q&A with the cast and crew of Pariah, which A.O. Scott of The New York Times calls "sensitive but not sentimental, attuned to sexual and racial politics without succumbing to didacticism or piety. Pariah has a point to make, and a point of view to argue, but it also, above all, wants to illuminate an individual universe of meaning and emotion."
filmlinc.com
Film Society of Lincoln Center
The Film Society of Lincoln Center was founded in 1969 to celebrate American and international cinema, to recognize and support new filmmakers, and to enhance awareness, accessibility and understanding of the art among a broad and diverse film going audience. Become a Member
The 21st annual New York Jewish Film Festival, co-presented with The Jewish Museum, continues this week with a bright slate of documentaries and narratives, many of which feature in person appearances by members of the cast and crew. | {
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Q:
Dissipative time-stepping scheme for first order in time system
When solving semi-discrete equations (originating from finite element models, for example), which are second-order in time of the form
\begin{equation}
M\ddot d + C\dot d + Kd = F,
\end{equation}
where $d$ is the solution vector, $M$, $C$ and $K$ are matrices, and $F$ is a vector, one can make use of methods that damp out spurious high-frequency oscillations such as damped versions of the Newmark method, HHT-$\alpha$, etc.
If one wishes to solve instead a system of the form
\begin{equation}
M\dot d + Kd = F,
\end{equation}
the obvious choice would be to use a generalized trapezoidal method. However, I am looking for a method that exhibits damping out of spurious high-frequency oscillations, as in the second-order case. I don't need a highly accurate method, but it would preferably be an explicit one.
A:
There is an excellent family of time integration schemes that fit your description called Generalized Single Step Single Solve (GS4). The original work on the implicit methods for first order systems can be found in [1].
Here is the implicit algorithm:
\begin{equation}
C \widetilde{\dot{d}} + K \widetilde{d} = \widetilde{F}
\end{equation}
where the variables have been approximated between the $n$th and $(n+1)$th timestep as
\begin{align}
& \widetilde{\dot{d}} = \dot{d}_n + \Lambda_6 W_1 ( \dot{d} _{n+1}- \dot{d} _n)
\\
& \widetilde{d} = d_n + \Lambda_4 W_1\Delta t \dot{d}_n + \Lambda_5 W_2\Delta t( \dot{d} _{n+1}- \dot{d} _n)
\\
& \widetilde{F} =(1-W_1)q_n+W_1 F_{n+1}
\end{align}
Now one can solve for $ \Delta\dot{d} = \dot{d} _{n+1}- \dot{d} _n$ using
\begin{align}
( \Lambda_6 W_1 C &+ \Lambda_5 W_2 \Delta t K) \Delta \dot{d }
\\
= & -C \dot{d} _n - K ( d _{n} +\Lambda_4 W_1 \Delta t \dot{d} _n)
\\
&+ (1-W_1)F_n+W_1 F_{n+1}
\end{align}
with the updates
\begin{equation}
\dot{d} _{n+1} = \dot{d} _n + \Delta \dot{d }
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
d _{n+1} = d _{n} + \lambda_4 \Delta t \dot{d} _{n} + \lambda_5 \Delta t \Delta \dot{d }
\end{equation}
where
\begin{align}
&\Lambda_4 W_1 = \frac{1}{1+\rho_{\infty}} \nonumber \\
&\Lambda_5 W_2 = \frac{1}{(1+\rho_{\infty})(1+\rho_{\infty}^{s})}\nonumber \\
&\Lambda_6 W_1 = \frac{3+\rho_{\infty}+\rho_{\infty}^{s} - \rho_{\infty}\rho_{\infty}^{s}}{2(1+\rho_{\infty})(1+\rho_{\infty}^{s})} \\
&W_1 = \frac{1}{1+\rho_{\infty}} \nonumber \\
&\lambda_4 = 1, \quad \nonumber
\lambda_5 = \frac{1}{1+\rho_{\infty}^{s}} \nonumber
\end{align}
Admittedly, this may seem like a whole load of parameters and nonsense, but all parameters only depend upon two chosen values $(\rho_{\infty}, \rho_{\infty}^{s})$. The beauty is once you have it programmed you can choose from a whole family of algorithms just by choosing you values for $(\rho_{\infty}, \rho_{\infty}^{s})$. These parameters correspond to the eigenvalues of amplification matrix of the single DOF problem. Thus, you can choose the amount of damping (numerical dissipation) simply by choosing them. Some noteable choices: $(\rho_{\infty}, \rho_{\infty}^{s}) = (1,1)$ gives the Crank-Nicolson method (no damping, not for you) and $(\rho_{\infty}, \rho_{\infty}^{s}) = (0,0)$ gives an algorithm equivalent to the highly dissipative Gear's method (aka two-step backwards difference formula). Any choice will give you a second-order, unconditionally stable algorithm.
Note the restriction on your choices: $0 \leq \rho_{\infty}^{s} \leq \rho_{\infty} \leq 1$.
Now if you want an explicit algorithm, some algorithms have been developed using the same approach that led to the mess above. I don't think they have been published any place highly visible yet but early work can be found in a master's thesis here [2].
The easiest thing to do to get an explicit scheme, with the nice dissipation properties of the above algorithm, is to turn it into a predictor-corrector method. You, of course, lose the unconditional stability, but you will still have a second-order time integrator. To do so you can replace the $\widetilde{d}$ above with:
\begin{align}
\widetilde{d} = d_n + \Lambda_4 W_1\Delta t \dot{d}_n
\end{align}
and lump the $C$ matrix, then march to your hearts content. Everything else stays the same but the restrictions to the $\rho$ parameters above are lifted (they can be anything). The stability of the algorithm and the amount of dissipation still depends upon this choice. Hover around 0 and you should be okay.
[1] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nme.3228/full
[2] http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162393
| {
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Why a cap-and-trade system can be bad for your health
Daniel Gros
The purpose of a cap-and-trade system is to help in the fight against global climate change. This column warns that a unilateral approach could increase global emissions by shifting production to more carbon-intensive methods abroad. Acting alone, the EU’s Emission Trading Scheme may be doing more harm than good.
The purpose of a cap-and-trade system is to help in the fight against global climate change by putting a cap on domestic emissions. It is clear that a binding cap on emissions will restrict the supply of all energy-intensive goods. This implies that the global price of these goods must increase, and therefore production abroad will increase, which will lead to higher emissions abroad. A carbon tax will have the same effect, which is called “carbon leakage” in the parlance of the climate change community.
Most existing analysis of carbon leakage focuses on a small subset of energy-intensive sectors (steel, cement, etc.) whose products are often traded intensively. The EU has actually defined sectors exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage mainly in terms of their openness to trade and found that about 60% of all Emission Trading Scheme sectors (accounting for about 75% of emissions) are “at risk” (see Appendix).
A recent study based on a large general-equilibrium model concludes that about 40% of any reduction in the production of energy-intensive goods in the EU would be offset by higher production abroad (Veenendaal and Manders 2008).1
A cap-and-trade paradox
In recent work, I argue that this focus in much of the literature on energy-intensive industries is misguided because it focuses on the wrong issue (competitiveness of particular sectors) and neglects the fact that the output of these industries (especially energy and steel) is used throughout the economy (Gros 2009). Most products that are traded intensively incorporate thus substantial amounts of emissions via the energy and energy-intensive inputs used in their production. Given that it is usually assumed that the supply of exports from China and other emerging market economies is rather price elastic, even small changes in relative prices could have a considerable impact on trade flows.
It is well known that carbon leakage undermines the effectiveness of any national cap- and-trade system in reducing global emissions. But it is not widely realised that, under certain conditions, carbon leakage could paradoxically cause the imposition of a cap-and trade–system like the Emission Trading Scheme to increase global emissions and thus reduce (global) welfare.
The mechanism through which this can happen becomes clear once one distinguishes between production and carbon leakage.
“Production” describes the displacement, at least partially, of domestic production to the rest of the world.
“Leakage” refers to the amount of emissions avoided when domestic production falls relative to the increase of emissions in the rest of the world where production goes up.
For example, if production leakage were only 50% (i.e. foreign production increases only by one half of the fall in domestic production), global emissions would still increase if the carbon intensity abroad is more than twice as high as at home. The general point is that the displacement of production, even if partial, can lead to an increase in overall emissions if the carbon intensity of production in the rest of the world is much higher than at home.
Differences in carbon intensity
A key parameter in any judgement of the efficiency of the Emission Trading Scheme (and the national carbon taxes in France and Sweden) is thus the difference in carbon intensity between the EU and its major trading partners. How large is it?
Estimates of the emissions embodied in international trade have to be based on input-output matrices in order to taken into account the way energy inputs are used throughout the economy. On this basis Weber et al. (2008) suggest that (on average for all sectors) each $1000 of exports from China contains about 2-3 tonnes of carbon, about 4 times more than the 0.5 tonnes of carbon embodied in $1000 of exports from the EU or other OECD countries. The same sources also show that exports from other emerging markets have sometimes even higher carbon intensities than those of China.
Another way to provide a crude estimate of differences in carbon intensities is the carbon intensity of GDP, which is ten times higher in Russia than in the EU and six times higher in China (see Table 1). Of course, the higher carbon intensities of emerging markets are partially due to their different output mix. However, this does not change the basic fact that a dollar unit increase in exports from China in general embodies four times as much CO2 emissions than a dollar of exports from the EU or the US. Moreover, higher exports in general lead to higher income, and higher GDP growth in China is associated with a very higher growth rate of emissions.
Table 1. Countries’ carbon intensities
CO2 intensity of exports CO2 intensity of GDP 2005 EU27 0.47 0.43 USA 0.72 0.53 China 2.46 2.43 India 2.67 1.78 Brazil 1.05 0.5 Russia 3.85 4.4
Source: Author’s calculations based on IFM data and Weber et al. (2008). Carbon intensity of exports is based on 2002 data. Both intensities are measured as tons of carbon per 1000 dollars.
If one accepts as a benchmark that Chinese production is in general about 4 to 5 times as carbon-intensive as that of the EU, it follows that the Emission Trading Scheme might have led to an increase in global emissions if production leakage had been only somewhat above 20-25%.2
A proper welfare evaluation of the economic impact of a cap–and-trade system like the Emission Trading Scheme (or of the more wide-ranging recent French proposal to tax all energy inputs, not only in the energy-intensive (Emission Trading Scheme) sectors) should take into account also the fact that the displacement of consumption and production leads to standard welfare effects (producer and consumer surpluses). Figure 1 shows the equilibrium conditions for a (possibly composite) good whose production creates emissions and thus an externality.
Figure1. Effect of Emission Trading Scheme with higher carbon intensity abroad
The introduction of a domestic carbon price (via a 'cap and trade' system or otherwise) has two effects:
It reduces global production, from QFTno ETS to QFTETS.
This reduction in global production increases welfare because at the margin the social cost was higher than the (private=social) benefits from consumption. The net welfare gain is given by the area (covered by little rectangles) enclosed by the points OADE (loss of consumer surplus under the line OE but gain of social cost of production below the line DG).
The fact that the domestic price of carbon is higher than the price for carbon abroad leads to an increase in the social cost of production beyond the point at which the domestic “cap” or ceiling is reached.
From this point onwards, the social cost is not only above the one for the unconstrained case (i.e. the case without a domestic cap on emissions) but also steeper because any additional production has to take place abroad. This increases the social cost for two reasons: first, the private cost of production is higher because the supply from domestic producers cannot increase. Secondly, the external effects from producing abroad are higher because the carbon intensity abroad is higher. This implies that the (global) social cost of producing the reduced quantity QFTETS is higher by the shaded trapezoid enclosed by the points BCDG.
As drawn, it is clear that an ETS-like cap–and-trade system can actually make the world worse off. Whether or not this is the case depends of course on the slopes of the demand and supply functions relative to the difference between domestic and foreign carbon intensities.
Gros (2009) shows in the context of a standard fully specified model that a domestic price on carbon can be counterproductive in terms of global welfare under the following condition:
This condition is more likely to be satisfied the lower the sum of the domestic and foreign elasticities of demand and the higher the foreign elasticity of supply, adjusted for the size of the foreign country. In other words, the introduction of a cap-and-trade system in a small country that is much less carbon-intensive than the rest of the world has a high probability of being counterproductive. Moreover, the longer the time horizon, the higher should be the elasticity of supply. This implies that while carbon leakage might not be important in the short run, it could become much more relevant as time goes on.
This analysis would of course be relevant, mutatis mutandis, also for the general carbon tax recently proposed in France. Given that France is small relative to the rest of the world and that the carbon intensity of the French economy is rather low, this measure could thus very well have a negative impact on global welfare. Adopting a domestic carbon tax at the EU level would not change the conclusion much since the EU accounts also for only a limited share of global GDP.
Conclusion
Given that the developing world has now openly declared that it is not willing to accept any binding cap on its own emissions at the Copenhagen summit, it is time to rethink the European approach to combating climate change. The unilateral approach followed so far might do more harm than good. In my next column, I will outline a unilateral approach that will benefit the environment with certainty.
References
Gros, Daniel (2009), "Global Welfare Implications of Carbon Border Taxes", CEPS Working Document No. 315/July.
Gurria, Angel (2009), “Carbon has no place in global trade rules”, Financial Times, November 4 2009.
Renaud, Julia (2008), “Issues Behind Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage, Focus on Heavy Industry”, International Energy Agency, October.
Tirole, Jean (2009a), “Politique climatique: une nouvelle architecture internationale”, Conseil d’Analyse économique.
Tirole, Jean (2009b), "Climate change negotiations: Time to reconsider", VoxEU.org, 16 November.
Veenendaal, P. and T. Manders (2008), “Border tax adjustment and the EU-ETS, a quantitative assessment”, CPB Document No. 171, Central Planning Bureau, The Hague.
Weber, Christopher L., Glen Peters, Dabo Guan and Klaus Hubacek (2008), “The contribution of Chinese exports to climate change”, Energy Policy, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 3572-3577.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix
Article 10a of the revised Directive states that a sector or sub-sector is "deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage if:
the extent to which the sum of direct and indirect additional costs induced by the implementation of this directive would lead to a substantial increase of production cost, calculated as a proportion of the Gross Value Added, of at least 5%; and
the Non-EU Trade intensity defined as the ratio between total of value of exports to non EU + value of imports from non-EU and the total market size for the Community (annual turnover plus total imports) is above 10%." A sector or sub-sector is also deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage:
if the sum of direct and indirect additional costs induced by the implementation of this directive would lead to a particularly high increase of production cost, calculated as a proportion of the Gross Value Added, of at least 30%; or
if the Non-EU Trade intensity defined as the ratio between total of value of exports to non EU + value of imports from non-EU and the total market size for the Community (annual turnover plus total imports) is above 30%. See: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/emission/carbon_en.htm which concludes: 151 of 258 NACE-4 sectors (≈ 60% of all sectors) deemed at Significant Risk of CL (SRCL). Sectors deemed exposed to SRCL account for ≈ 75% of GHG emissions of industries covered by ETS.
This study arrives, however, at much lower estimates for overall carbon leakage for reasons that are not clear. See also Renaud (2008). For a different point of view see Gurria (2009).
2 It is of course impossible to determine the marginal carbon intensity for exports from emerging economies that are related to the imposition of the Emission Trading Scheme in Europe. However, the burden of proof should be on those who argue that this marginal carbon intensity is much lower than the average measured by aggregate statistics. | {
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Great Hypostyle Hall
The Great Hypostyle Hall is located within the Karnak temple complex, in the Precinct of Amon-Re. It is one of the most visited monuments of Ancient Egypt. The structure was built around the 19th Egyptian Dynasty (c. 1290–1224 BC). Its design was initially instituted by Hatshepsut, at the North-west chapel to Amun in the upper terrace of Deir el-Bahri. The name refers to hypostyle architectural pattern.
Architecture and Construction
The Great Hypostyle Hall covers an area of . The roof, now fallen, was supported by 134 columns in 16 rows; the 2 middle rows are higher than the others (being in circumference and high).
The 134 papyrus columns represent the primeval papyrus swamp from which Amun, a self-created deity, arose from the waters of chaos at the beginning of creating.
The hall was not constructed by Horemheb, or Amenhotep III as earlier scholars had thought but was built entirely by Seti I who engraved the northern wing of the hall with inscriptions. Decoration of the southern wing was completed by the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II.
Inscriptions and Reliefs
A series of succeeding pharaohs added inscriptions to the walls and the columns in places their predecessors had left blank, including Ramesses III, Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI. The northern side of the hall is decorated in raised relief, and was mainly Seti I's work. The southern side of the hall was completed by Ramesses II, in sunk relief although he used raised relief at the very beginning of his reign before changing to the sunk relief style and re-editing his own raised reliefs. Ramesses II also usurped decoration of his father along the main north-south and east-west processional ways of the hall, giving the casual observer the idea that he was responsible for the building. However, most of Seti I's reliefs in the northern part of the hall were respected.
The outer walls depict scenes of battle, Seti I on the north and Ramesses II on the south. Although these reliefs had religious and ideological functions, they are important records of the wars of these kings. On another wall adjoining the south wall of the Hall is a record of Ramesses II's peace treaty with the Hittites that he signed in Year 21 of his reign.
In 1899, 11 of the massive columns of the Great Hypostyle Hall collapsed in a chain reaction, because their foundations were undermined by ground water. Georges Legrain, who was then the chief archaeologist in the area, supervised the rebuilding that was completed in May 1902. Later, similar work had to continue in order to strengthen the rest of the columns of the Temple.
See also
Talatat
Notes
References
Peter J. Brand, Rosa Erika Feleg, and William J. Murnane, The Great Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, Oriental Institute Publications 142, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2019, Translation and Commentary , Figures and Plates
External links
University of Memphis' Great Hypostyle Hall Project
Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century BC
Category:Karnak temple complex
Category:Seti I | {
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Tag: "chapter 11"
iHeartMedia and Lenders Buy a Little More Time. The deadline for the Forbearance Agreement signed on Sunday was last night at midnight. Prior to that deadline however, iHeartMedia and the Consenting Lenders agreed to extend the term of that Forbearance Agreement to next Monday (3/12) at midnight CT. iHeartMedia – seeking to find a long-term solution to its $20 billion debt problem – is past the grace period and, without the Forbearance Agreement, would be in default on a missed $106 million payment on 14% Senior Notes. That default would likely trigger bankruptcy for iHM, but clearly the group of senior creditors are trying to find a way to avoid putting the fate of the company in the hands of a bankruptcy judge. This extension leads some analysts to conclude that some progress is being made toward that end.
Entercom Releases Q4 2017 Financial News. This is the first quarterly report for Entercom Communications Corp. that includes results of the CBS RADIO stations. The merger closed on November 17, 2017. Remember that Entercom issued 101,407,494 Class A shares to former shareholders of CBS Corporation who participated in the exchange. Net revenue for Q4 2017 was $246.6 million, compared to $124.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. “Operating income for the quarter was a loss of $2.3 million, which was negatively impacted by $36 million of merger, restructuring, impairment and financing costs. This compared to operating income of $30 million in the fourth quarter of 2016…adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $45 million, compared to $35.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016.” The company reports that as of December 31, 2017, it had outstanding $1.4 billion of senior debt under its credit facilities and $400 million in senior notes and $34.2 million in cash on hand. Entercom president and CEO David Field comments, “We are making excellent progress toward our goals of capitalizing on our transformational merger and building a truly outstanding media and entertainment company. As the country’s #1 creator of live, original, local audio content and with a premier collection of outstanding local radio stations, digital platforms and live events, we have the scale and capabilities to compete more effectively with other media for a larger share of ad dollars. We are off to a great start executing our game plan with important achievements in a number of areas including building a best-in-class leadership team and culture, growing our brands and ratings, executing our synergies, launching new sales tools and advocacy, and much more. We are very pleased with our progress and more excited than ever about the needle-moving opportunities ahead.”
Unsecured Creditors Challenge Cumulus Media’s Executive Bonus Structure. A group of Unsecured Creditors – the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Cumulus Media – is formally objecting to Cumulus Media’s executive bonus program in a filing with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court. In the filing, the Committee says, “the Debtors seek authorization to pay millions of dollars in supplemental ‘incentive’ compensation to highly compensated senior executives during an expedited chapter 11 process that, if the Debtors prevail at confirmation, will result in the unsecured creditors of these estates receiving pennies on the dollar. These executives have already received millions in prepetition ‘incentive’ compensation payments (indeed, the Debtors’ CEO has already received over two million dollars in supplemental 2017 incentive payments and is scheduled to receive at least an additional [amount redacted] if the Motion is approved) and stand to benefit from a very robust Management Incentive Plan (the “MIP”) to be implemented upon the Debtors’ emergence from bankruptcy. Moreover, the Debtors seek authorization to implement not one, but two allegedly incentivizing and wholly overlapping programs that both contemplate quarterly cash payments payable upon achievement of the exact same targets and metrics in order to “properly incentivize” those members of management who already stand to gain a substantial economic benefit from obtaining confirmation of the plan and thus implementation of the MIP.” The Committee says the incentive program cannot be allowed and cites three aspects of the U.S. Bankruptcy code that it believes backs its case.
Morning Drive Talk Host Angie Austin Announces Distributor and Rep for New Show. Talk show host Angie Austin – who previously hosted the “Daybreak USA” program on USA Radio Network – has re-branded her program “The Angie Austin Show” and it’s set to be delivered to affiliate stations via Genesis Communications Network with The Show Must Go On! repping the program. Mike Opelka co-hosts the show that is delivered live from 6:00 am to 9:00 am ET. A presser says the show will debut in seven markets.
Judge Cites Lack of Evidence in Complaint Against WGAC, Augusta Talk Host Austin Rhodes. After a complaint from local businessman Joe Mullins suggesting that WGAC, Augusta, Georgia talk host Austin Rhodes’ words on his radio show caused him to become concerned for the safety of himself and his family, a judge has ruled that there is not enough evidence to suggest a crime may have been committed. According to a report by WJBF-TV, Mullins complained to authorities that Rhodes compared him to a snake on his February 27 broadcast and said, “Snakes have to be dispatched or killed.” The story notes that local police listened to a recording of the entire segment provided by Mullins but concluded that there was no direct threat to Mullins.
TALKERS News Notes. Rapid City, South Dakota has a new news/talk station as HomeSlice Media Group flips KKLS-AM/K248BT – both licensed to Rapid City – from classic hits to using syndicated programming. Shows on the station’s program schedule include: Dave Ramsey, Joe Pags, Westwood One’s Mark Levin, Jim Bohannon and Chris Plante, plus others. The schedule does not indicate a morning drive show, leaving open the possibility of a local program…..Entercom and PNC Bank partner to spotlight star high school lacrosse students in the Maryland community. Entercom sports talker WJZ-FM, Baltimore “105.7 The Fan” and its sister stations are taking part in the PNC Achievers program that identifies and recognizes outstanding female and male student lacrosse athletes from public and private schools across the state of Maryland for their success and leadership on and off the field. Entercom Baltimore SVP and market manager Tracy Brandys says, “At Entercom, giving back to our local communities is an important part of what we do and PNC Bank shares these values. We’re excited about this partnership that allows us to shine a light on high school athletes who display exemplary study habits, achieve excellent grades, are active volunteers in the community and mentor other students to help meet their respective goals.”…..University of Alabama Athletics and multi-media rights holder Learfield announce a five-year agreement with SummitMedia for the broadcaster to serve as the official radio home of the Crimson Tide Sports Network in Birmingham…..iHeartMedia’s alternative rock K248CU, Austin “ALT 97.5” signs a deal with MLB’s Houston Astros to serve as the ballclub’s official Austin affiliate. The station will carry all regular and post-season games.
Trump Tariffs Plan, Stormy Daniels Suit, Feds vs California, Trump Russia Investigation, Gun Control, North Korea-South Korea Talks, Russian Double Agent Poisoning, and NBA Action Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (3/7). The Trump Administration’s plan for tariffs on foreign steel and aluminum and the related exit of economic adviser Gary Cohn; porn star Stormy Daniels’ suit for relief from confidentiality agreement with President Trump; Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ suit against California in the sanctuary matter; the investigation into possible connections between Trump campaign operatives and Russian agents; the debate over gun control and Florida’s bill to limit gun ownership to those 21 and over; the talks between North Korea and South Korea over the former’s nuclear program; the apparent poisoning of a former Russian double agent and his daughter in the U.K.; and NBA action were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday, according to ongoing research from TALKERS magazine.
Cool Job Opportunity. Radio management pro Harvey Wells is looking for a multi-talented operations manager for the Mid-West Family Broadcasting cluster in Springfield, Illinois. He says, “If you know a great talk/mainstream rock/talent coach/radio person, I’m looking for an operations manager to partner with me in the fine state capital of Springfield, Illinois. This is not a ‘rookie’ position. Must be able to do an airshift as well.” Contact Harvey at: hwells@mwfbmedia.com.
Music Radio News and Career Moves. Chicago’s famed classic rocker “The Loop” isn’t going away completely. With Educational Media Foundation’s LMA of WLUP-FM (soon to have new calls WCKL-FM) to begin Saturday in advance of its purchase of the signal from Merlin Media, Cumulus Media is taking the “Loop” format (sans jocks) and moving it to the HD2 channel of alternative rock WKQX-FM. Of course, that station is also up for sale and it’s likely a buyer will swoop in on this Windy City signal sooner rather than later…..Beasley Media Group announces it is naming Jeff Kurkjian the new morning drive co-host for its country outlet KCYE, Las Vegas “102.7 The Coyote.” Kurkjian, who was most recently morning host at Entercom’s hot AC WQAL, Cleveland “Q104,” is partnering with Aimee Montgomery, who slides over to “The Coyote” from Beasley’s adult contemporary “Lite 101.5 FM.” Kurkjian says, “I am so excited to be part of the team at ‘102.7 The Coyote’ in Las Vegas. I can’t imagine doing anything but local radio. I’m looking forward to connecting every morning with the casino workers getting off third shift, the moms taking their kids to school and everyone in between. I am eager to get out and about in Las Vegas, especially coming from the frozen tundra of the Northeast!”…..iHeartMedia announces the addition of Eminem featuring Kehlani, plus N.E.R.D and G-Eazy to the program of previously announced performers for this Sunday evening’s 2018 iHeartRadio Music Awards…..Entercom’s classic rock KGON, Portland enters into a multi-year agreement with The Waterfront Blues Festival. Some of the highlights of the new partnership include the return of the festival to its original radio broadcast partner and the switch of KGON-HD2 to Waterfront Blues Radio – playing blues music all day. The festival takes place July 4 through 7 at Tom McCall Waterfront Park and this summer’s event marks the 31st anniversary of the festival…..Pictured below are staffers of Cumulus Media’s adult contemporary WMAS-FM, Springfield, Massachusetts and volunteers celebrating the final tally of the WMAS Radiothon benefitting the Children’s Miracle Network and Baystate Children’s Hospital. Vice president and market manager Craig Swimm says, “Extremely proud of the team as we wrap up this year’s 94.7 WMAS Radiothon — $245,367 raised over 2 days. We beat last year’s number and have raised more than $4.5 million for the Children’s Miracle Network since 2002.”
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Cumulus Enters Chapter 11; Move Will Erase $1 Billion in Debt. This Chapter 11 restructuring between Cumulus Media and some secured lenders comes as little surprise. In fact, many industry watchers and media experts believed it was imminent when Mary Berner was brought in as president and CEO, replacing Lew Dickey. That’s because during her tenure as CEO of Reader’s Digest Association, she led it through a pre-packaged bankruptcy. Now, Cumulus announces the Restructuring Support Agreement with “certain of its secured lenders, among others, holding, in the aggregate, approximately 69% of the company’s term loan to reduce the company’s debt by more than $1 billion.” In its press release about this maneuver, the company says it “expects all operations, programming and sales to continue as normal throughout this restructuring process. The company has ample cash on hand, combined with funds generated from ongoing operations, to support the business during the financial restructuring process, and as a result, it does not intend to seek debtor-in-possession financing.” Mary Berner states, “Over the last two years, we have focused on implementing a business turnaround to reverse the company’s multi-year ratings, revenue and EBITDA declines, create a culture that fosters motivated and engaged employees, and build an operational foundation to support the kind of performance we believe Cumulus is capable of delivering. As we have demonstrated in many measurable ways – including increased ratings, revenue market share gains, improved employee satisfaction, reduced employee turnover and, over the last several quarters, our return to year-over-year EBITDA and revenue growth – that turnaround has not only been successful but is continuing. However, as we have noted consistently, the debt overhang left by previous years of underperformance remains a significant financial challenge that we must overcome for our operational turnaround to proceed. The actions we are taking today to address our balance sheet are a critical step forward for Cumulus. We will use this restructuring process to relieve the financial constraints on our continued progress, allowing us to focus our resources on investing in our business and people to strengthen our competitiveness and ultimately drive growth. We have ample cash to support our operations and service our advertisers, vendors and affiliates during this period, and we look forward to becoming an even stronger partner to all of them when we complete this important phase of our turnaround strategy. We appreciate the tremendous efforts of the Cumulus team throughout the business turnaround and thank our employees for continuing to be the true force driving our success.”
Garrison Keillor Latest to Fall Under Allegations of Sexual Impropriety. The longtime host of public radio’s “A Prairie Home Companion” is being taken off the radio by Minnesota Public Radio, which had been distributing Garrison Keillor’s “The Writer’s Almanac” and re-broadcasts of the Keillor-hosted “A Prairie Home Companion” (the current program hosted by Chris Thile will continue under a new, yet-to-be-announced name). MPR president Jon McTaggert stated in a press release, “Garrison Keillor has been an important part of the growth and success of MPR, and all of us in the MPR community are saddened by these circumstances. While we appreciate the contributions Garrison has made to MPR and to all of public radio, we believe this decision is the right thing to do and is necessary to continue to earn the trust of our audiences, employees and supporters of our public service.”
Weisman: The Law Behind the Matt Lauer Firing. TALKERS magazine legal editor Steven J.J. Weisman writes today about the legal aspects of the firing of “Today” show host Matt Lauer. Weisman states that Lauer, like most everyone working in media who is under contract, has a morals clause in his contract that allows employers to fire those who violate that clause, without having to pay out their contract. Many contracts also provide for mandatory arbitration of disputes. Read Weisman’s entire column here.
GOP Tax Reform Plan, NBC Fires Matt Lauer/MPR Cuts Ties with Keillor, Conyers/Franken Sexual Impropriety Allegations, Trump Anti-Muslim Re-Tweet, North Korea ICBM Test, and NBA Action Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (11/29). The progress Republicans are making in bringing their tax reform plan to a vote; NBC fires longtime ‘Today’ show host Matt Lauer after allegations of sexual impropriety and the related firing of Garrison Keillor by Minnesota Public Radio; the effects of recent allegations of sexual impropriety involving Senator Al Franken and Congressman John Conyers; President Trump’s re-tweet of anti-Muslim videos; North Korea’s testing of a long-range ICBM and U.S. officials’ threats of war; and NBA action were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday, according to ongoing research from TALKERS magazine.
SRN’s Larry Elder Talks Anthem Protests on FOX Business. Pictured above is Salem Radio Network talk host Larry Elder on FOX Business Network with Stuart Varney discussing the national anthem protests and the state of the ratings for NFL games.
Broadcasters Foundation of America Distributed More Than $1 Million in 2017. By the end of this year, the Broadcasters Foundation of America will have hit a milestone distributing grants for more than $1 million in aid to broadcasters in acute need. The BFoA says this is a record-setting figure. At the same time, it announces the launch of its year-end appeal for personal donations to the Guardian Fund and corporate contributions to the Angel Initiative. BFoA chairman Dan Mason says, “What’s even more striking is that there are still broadcasters across our industry who need our help. It is incumbent on everyone in our industry to help ensure that the Broadcasters Foundation can continue to provide this much-needed financial assistance to our colleagues.” Grants from the Broadcasters Foundation have risen from $61,000 in 2000 to this year’s unprecedented level. Included in the 2017 figure is more than $200,000 in emergency aid that was distributed to broadcasters whose lives were impacted by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, the California wildfires, or other disasters. BFoA president Jim Thompson adds, “Requests for aid have multiplied over the past several years, and we have been able to help every qualifying broadcaster who sought assistance from us. As we enter the season of giving, I ask every broadcaster to review any good fortune that our business has bestowed upon them and consider donating to help our colleagues in need.”
Pioneer Valley Radio Continues to Brighten Western Massachusetts with Hyper-Local Coverage and Community Involvement. Now in its third year of service to its region, hyper-local Pioneer Valley Radio continues to gain traction as an online radio outlet and “media station” in Western Massachusetts. Pictured at the recent opening ceremonies of the annual Springfield “Bright Nights” holiday lights spectacular in the city’s Forest Park are (l-r) local keyboard favorite Richard Mitnick, Pioneer Valley Radio GM and program host Brad Shepard, and Spirit of Springfield president Judy Matt. Brad Shepard entertained the crowd singing a two-hour medley of Christmas and holiday favorites. Shepard is a legendary local personality and “man about town” who is a favorite among area radio listeners in Greater Springfield where he has been heard for more than two decades as morning host on WMAS, WHYN, and now Pioneer Valley Radio. He is also a significant figure in local theater, stand-up comedy and serves as emcee of major community events. (Photo courtesy of The Republican.)
Music Radio News and Career Moves. In the Orlando and Daytona Beach markets, Entercom flips another former CBS RADIO CHR to alternative rock. This time it’s WQMP “AMP 101.9.” The station is licensed to Daytona Beach but is a 90 kw class C FM that covers the Orlando market as well. The new station is branded “ALT 101.9 FM, Orlando’s New Alternative.” Entercom president of programming Pat Paxton states, “In a city with a rapidly evolving demographic, we are thrilled to fill this void in radio in Orlando. ‘ALT 101.9 FM’ caters to the tech-savvy, engaged and active Orlando audience and will provide an exciting and unique experience for listeners who are currently underserved with today’s radio choices in Orlando.”
Envision Networks Offers Holiday Programming. A full lineup of holiday programming is being offered by Envision Networks. The company says there are “new and returning favorites to the Envision Networks lineup covering traditional offerings, contemporary shows, production assistance and holiday fun stuff.” The shows include: “The 100 Greatest Christmas Hits of All Time with Wink Martindale,” from a list of songs compiled through data collected from Billboard Magazine and listings of the Christmas tracks most played on radio over the past decade; “The Jim Brickman Show: A Joyful Christmas,” a program with no network commercials in a modular track format with or without music; “The Live Ride,” a holiday edition of this show with Nashville insider and host Johnny Stone; “Annual Chop Shop Christmas Special with Trans-Siberian Orchestra,” in which host Steve Black was recorded at the Council Bluffs, Iowa rehearsal for TSO’s 20th anniversary winter tour; plus more, including holiday imaging packages.
Elvis Duran Group’s 3rd Annual Carney Awards to Air on National TV on Saturday. Nationally syndicated radio personality Elvis Duran (center) is pictured with executive producer Jim Katz (left) and Elvis Duran Group CEO/executive producer David Katz (right) on the red carpet at taping of “The Elvis Duran Group’s 2017 Carney Awards” at the Broad Stage in Santa Monica, California. The awards honor Hollywood’s leading character actors for their outstanding achievements. This year’s awards ceremony with be broadcast on NBC Universal’s COZI TV this Saturday (12/2) at 9:00 pm ET. This year William H. Macy, Wendie Malick, William Fichtner, Richard Kind and Xander Berkeley were honored while Allison Janney, Jeff Garlin, Clark Gregg, Dan Lauria and Titus Welliver presented. ABC’s “Dancing with the Stars” host Tom Bergeron was host.
Round One of November PPM Ratings Released. The first of four rounds of ratings information from Nielsen Audio‘s November 2017 PPM survey is released for 12 markets including: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Nassau-Suffolk (Long Island), Riverside, San Jose, and Middlesex-Somerset-Union (New Jersey). Nielsen’s November 2017 survey period covered October 12 – November 8. View all the 6+ ratings from subscribing stations here. Meanwhile, managing editor Mike Kinosian provides his “Takeaways” from these 12 PPM markets. Please note the Entercom takeover of CBS Radio was concluded nine days after the final day of the November 2017 sweep (11/17); we will cease using CBS Radio references beginning with the December 2017 sweep.
TWELVE TAKEAWAYS
1) New York – The top two “Big Apple” finishers both post gains of four-tenths, with iHeartMedia adult contemporary WLTW tacking onto October’s one-half share surge (6.1 – 6.6 – 6.9, 6+). Moreover, “106.7 Lite FM” is #1 for the third straight time and has its best 6+-share since February’s 7.1. After finishing at #1 for three consecutive months, “Lite FM” dropped to #2 in August. Its loss of seven-tenths in that sweep (6.7 – 6.0, 6+) completely erased three straight gains that yielded that exact margin (6.0 – 6.1 – 6.5 – 6.7, 6+). A one-tenth increase in May halted four straight declines that produced a collective -7.3 since “Holiday” 2016 (13.3 – 7.2 – 7.1 – 6.2 – 6.0, 6+). Not only does CBS Radio all-news WINS, a cumulative +1.6 via four straight upticks (4.7 – 4.9 – 5.4 – 5.9 – 6.3, 6+), repeat in the runner-up slot, it crosses the six-share level (6+) for the first time in its PPM-history. When it notched a +.2 in August, WINS halted four straight dips that resulted in a collective -1.1 (5.8 – 5.3 – 5.1 – 4.8 – 4.7, 6+). Co-owned and similarly formatted WCBS-AM, which had notched a 2.7 (6+) in three of the previous five ratings periods (2.7 – 2.7 – 2.6 – 2.9 – 2.7, 6+), drops one-tenth to 2.6 (6+), but is unchanged at #13. Sports talk sibling WFAN-FM is without a loss for the fifth straight month for a collective +1.7 since June (3.5 – 3.9 – 4.1 – 4.6 – 5.2 – 5.2, 6+), inching up from sixth to fifth. The 5.2 (in October and November) represents its best-ever 6+-stat in the PPM-era and first time above the five-share level (6+). On two prior occasions, “The Fan” registered a 4.5 and it reached a 4.6 (6+) in September 2017. In the market’s rhythmic CHR contest, Emmis’ WQHT picks up one-tenth to 3.4 (6+), ending three consecutive dips that resulted in a cumulative loss of nine-tenths (4.2 – 3.8 – 3.6 – 3.3), as “Hot 97” returns to the top ten (#11 to #10). In the process, it overtakes iHeartMedia’s WKTU, off one full-share over its last three sweeps (4.0 – 3.6 – 3.4 – 3.0, 6+), slipping from #10 to #11. Having registered back-to-back gains of four-tenths in September and October (4.5 – 4.9 – 5.3, 6+), Spanish Broadcasting System-owned Spanish tropical WSKQ “La Mega 97.9” relinquishes all but one-tenth of that collective +.8 (4.6, -.7, fifth to seventh, 6+). Down or flat for the fourth consecutive sweep for a combined -1.1 (6.6 – 6.1 – 5.5 – 5.5 – 5.5, 6+), classic hits-oldies WCBS-FM repeats at #4. “New York’s Greatest Hits” exited the #1 spot in September after only a one-month stay there. Its one-half share dip in August curtailed at four a streak of successive up or flat trends that generated a combined seven-tenths (5.9 – 6.1 – 6.1 – 6.2 – 6.6, 6+). Prior to August, the last time “New York’s Greatest Hits” was at #1 was in May. Even though iHeartMedia-owned WAXQ is without an increase for the fifth straight time for a combined loss of eight-tenths (5.5 – 5.3 – 5.3 – 5.1 – 4.8 – 4.7, 6+), “Q-104.3 New York’s Classic Rock” actually improves from a seventh-place tie to sixth.
2) Los Angeles – Last year marked the end of an eye-popping 67 consecutive years that Vin Scully served as the play-by-play announcer for the Los Angeles Dodgers. The National League West team made it to the World Series this year for the first time since 1988 and its 1.7 (6+) in November 2017 matches the audience draw for KLAC in Vin’s swan song (1.7, 6+, November 2016) as the iHeartMedia sports talk/Dodgers flagship trots out a +.7 (1.7, 6+). “AM 570 Sports” leaps from #31 in October to #25 in November. Remaining in sixth-place, news/talk cluster-mate KFI is without a decrease for the fifth time in a row and is trending 3.5 – 3.5 – 3.4 – 3.5 – 3.5 – 3.3 – 3.4 – 3.5 – 3.5 – 3.9 – 4.1 since January (6+). In what represents its farewell ratings period, Entercom classic rock KSWD “The Sound” hauls out a gain of six-tenths (2.2 – 2.8, 6+), rocketing from a three-way tie at #19 to #12. Just over a week after the November sweep concluded, Educational Media Foundation officially closed on “The Sound” and flipped it to contemporary Christian KKLQ “Positive & Encouraging K-Love.” The last song played by “The Sound” in an emotional November 16 finale that drew considerable social media and local television coverage was The Beatles’ “The End.” Despite being up or flat for the seventh ratings period in a row for a net gain of one-half share (.8 – .9 – 1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0 – 1.2 – 1.3, 6+), KSPN “ESPN LA 710” – the flagship of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Lakers – backslides from #28 to #30. With a gain of two-tenths to 2.7 (6+), iHeartMedia-owned KYSR-FM pulls the plug on eight consecutive down or flat trends for a collective loss of seven-tenths (3.2 – 3.1 – 3.0 – 2.9 – 2.9 – 2.7 – 2.6 – 2.5 – 2.5, 6+); “Alt 98.7 – LA’s New Alternative” advances from #17 to #13. After nine up or flat monthlies in a row for an overall gain of one full-share (1.8 – 2.0 – 2.1 – 2.1 – 2.2 – 2.2 – 2.4 – 2.5 – 2.7 – 2.8, 6+), its format foe – CBS Radio’s KROQ – stumbles by two-tenths in both October and November (2.8 – 2.6 – 2.4), sliding from #14 to #18. September’s 2.8 was its strongest 6+-showing since June 2016’s 2.9. Having been down or flat the past five monthlies for an overall loss of three-tenths (1.5 – 1.5 – 1.4 – 1.3 – 1.2 – 1.2, 6+), University of Southern California’s classical KUSC wipes out that deficit with a +.4 to 1.6 (#28 to #26, 6+). The #1/#2/#3 finish for iHeartMedia includes hot AC KBIG “My-FM,” which – despite a loss of one-half share (6.4 – 5.9, 6+) – is on top for the tenth straight ratings period. In October, “My-FM” regained in its entirety the four-tenths it squandered in September (6.4 – 6.0 – 6.4, 6+). Prior to September’s -.4, “My-FM” posted four successive up or flat trends that netted eight-tenths (5.6 – 5.8 – 5.8 – 6.1 – 6.4, 6+). In a three-way tie for second in October, mainstream CHR sibling KIIS “102.7 Kiss-FM” has sole possession of the runner-up slot in November. “Kiss-FM” gains three-tenths to 4.8 (6+), thus halting at four a consecutive string of down or flat sweeps that produced a collective loss of one-half share (5.0 – 4.7 – 4.7 – 4.6 – 4.5, 6+). Part of October’s three-way runner-up logjam as well was adult contemporary cluster-mate KOST, which drops one-tenth (4.5 – 4.4, 6+) and segues to third-place. When “Coast 103” picked up two-tenths in October, it halted three consecutive off-trends that resulted in a combined decrease of one-half share (4.8 – 4.7 – 4.5 – 4.3, 6+). In September, co-owned urban contemporary KRRL reached the three-share level (6+) for the first time since January, but “Real 92.3 – LA’s Home for Hip-Hop” falters by nine-tenths (3.4 – 2.5, 6+), drifting out of the top ten (#9 to #15). This marks the fifth successive sweep without an increase for CBS Radio classic hits-oldies KRTH “K-Earth 101,” which is off seven-tenths in that stretch (5.1 – 4.8 – 4.8 – 4.8 – 4.5 – 4.4, 6+), dropping from a second-place tie to third (with KOST). Following six straight sweeps in second-place, smooth AC sibling KTWV “The Wave” is a collective -1.7 in three successive declines (5.9 – 5.2 – 4.3 – 4.2, 6+) and repeats at #5.
3) Chicago – Having fallen off the top twenty in October (2.5 – 2.2, #21, 6+), iHeartMedia hot AC WLIT “93.9 My-FM” rebounds with an increase of six-tenths to 2.8, catapulting all the way into a four-way scrum at #12. Over and above repeating at #1, its format rival – Hubbard’s WTMX “101.9 The Mix” – registers its sixth straight improvement for a collective +1.7 (4.6 – 4.6 – 4.6 – 5.0 – 5.2 – 5.8 – 6.3, 6+). The last time “Mix” reached the six-share level (6+) was in May 2013 (6.4). WTMX had finished in the runner-up slot in July, August, and September. Co-owned classic rocker WDRV “97.1 The Drive,” however forfeits seven-tenths (3.9 – 3.2, 6+), tumbling from fifth to tenth with its lowest 6+-showing since “Holiday” 2016’s 3.1. Along with WLIT, another player in that four-way logjam at #12 is TribuneMedia Company news/talk WGN, which gains three-tenths to 2.8 (6+, up from #17 in October). In doing so, WGN applies the brakes to eight straight ratings periods without an increase for a collective -1.7 (4.2 – 4.2 – 3.9 – 3.3 – 3.1 – 2.8 – 2.8 – 2.5 – 2.5, 6+). Immediately prior to this just-concluded streak, WGN posted three consecutive sweeps without a loss for an overall one-half share gain (3.7 – 4.0 – 4.2 – 4.2, 6+). It is a mixed bag for the market’s two main sports talk outlets. On the plus side, WMVP picks up one-half share and is a collective +1.1 via three straight gains (1.3 – 1.5 – 1.9 – 2.4, #22, 6+); “ESPN Chicago 1000” reaches the two-share mark for the first time since March (2.1). At the same time, after posting a full-share gain in October (3.9 – 4.9, 6+), CBS Radio-owned Chicago Cubs flagship WSCR “670 The Score” (fourth to sixth, 6+) surrenders -1.3 to 3.6, its lowest 6+-stat since March’s 2.2. Tied at #7 are iHeartMedia mainstream CHR WKSC “103.5 Kiss FM – Chicago’s #1 Hit Music Station” and CBS Radio-owned WBBM-FM “Chicago’s B-96.” “Kiss” is off for the third straight sweep for an overall loss of seven-tenths (4.1 – 3.8 – 3.6 – 3.4, 6+) yet is actually up from eighth in October, while “B-96” improves by one-tenth, (3.4, up from ninth in October 6+), ending five consecutive down or flat trends for a collective -.7 (4.0 – 3.9 – 3.8 – 3.7 – 3.4 – 3.3, 6+).
4) San Francisco – For the 11thsuccessive time, Northern California Public Broadcasting’s KQED-FM and CBS Radio-owned all-news KCBS-AM rank first and second, respectively. At this time last month, KQED-FM had a rather slim, one-half share lead over KCBS-AM. That advantage nearly quadruples, however, as KQED-FM rolls out a massive +1.3 in November (7.3 – 8.6, 6+), while KCBS-AM (up eight-tenths in October) drops one-tenth (6.8 – 6.7, 6+). October’s 6.8 by KCBS-AM is its strongest 6+-performance since February (6.8, as well). After adding one-half share in August (7.1 – 7.6, 6+), KQED-FM relinquished 60% of that increase in September (7.3, -.3, 6+). A gain of four-tenths in July halted at four a successive streak without an increase that produced a -1.0 (7.7 – 7.3 – 7.0 – 6.7 – 6.7, 6+). When KCBS-AM added two-tenths in September to 6.0 (6+), it ended four consecutive down or flat monthlies that yielded a loss of one-half share (6.3 – 6.1 – 6.0 – 5.8 – 5.8, 6+). Doubling its 6+ stat since August via four straight positive spikes (1.7 – 2.3 – 2.4 – 2.9 – 3.4, 6+), Cumulus Media news/talk KSFO progresses from tenth to seventh. Co-owned KNBR picks up three-tenths to 3.1 (6+), halting six straight down or flat trends for a cumulative -1.4 (4.2 – 4.1 – 3.5 – 3.2 – 3.2 – 3.0 – 2.8, 6+) and “The Sports Leader” returns to the top ten (#13 to #9). Posting a one-half share increase and leaping from #18 to #12 is University of Southern California classical KDFC, a collective +.9 as the result of its sixth straight sweep without a loss (1.8 – 1.9 – 1.9 – 2.0 – 2.1 – 2.2 – 2.7, 6+). Faltering by seven-tenths each and both, as a result, departing the top ten are iHeartMedia rhythmic CHR KYLD “Wild 94.9 – The Bay’s #1 Hit Music Station” (2.7, #7 to #12, 6+) and Univision Radio Spanish adult hits KBRG “100.3 Mas Variedad” (3.3 – 2.6, #8 to #14, 6+). “Wild” had been in three-share territory (6+) in each of the last 18 survey periods. Varying only seven-tenths from October 2016 through November 2017, iHeartMedia urban contemporary KMEL “#1 for Hip-Hop and R&B in the Bay Area” (flat at #14) is nonetheless down one-tenth for the fourth straight time (3.3 – 3.0 – 2.9 – 3.3 – 3.1 – 3.0 – 3.0 – 3.1 – 3.0 – 2.9 – 3.0 – 2.9 – 2.8 – 2.7 – 2.6, 6+). This is the eighth month in a row that KUFX “98.5 K-Fox – The South Bay’s Classic Rock” is unlisted in San Francisco, but it still appears in print in San Jose. The station’s March 2017 6+-San Francisco stat was 1.5.
6) Houston – When the Houston Astros won the team’s first-ever World Series, it proved to be a ratings bonanza for its flagship, iHeartMedia-owned KBME “Sports Talk 790,” which cracks the top twenty with a gain of eight-tenths (1.3 – 2.1, #20, 6+). By way of comparison, “Sports Talk 790” logged a .7 (6+, #25) in November 2016. Improving by eight-tenths as well (to 3.8 6+) is CBS Radio Spanish contemporary KLOL which hadn’t had an increase in the last three sweeps for a collective -.6 (3.6 – 3.2 – 3.0 – 3.0, 6+); “Mega 101 FM” vaults from #17 to a three-way tie at #10 with its best 6+-stat since April’s 4.2. Noncommercial contemporary Christian KSBJ “89.3 – God Listens” (4.8, eighth to fifth, 6+) erases the six-tenths it lost through three straight down or flat trends (4.8 – 4.6 – 4.2 – 4.2, 6+). Yet another Houston outlet putting an end to three consecutive down or flat moves is Cumulus Media CHR KRBE “104.1 – Houston’s #1 Hit Music Station,” which picks up one-half share (4.6, ninth to seventh, 6+). KRBE was a cumulative -.7 since July (4.8 – 4.4 – 4.4 – 4.1, 6+). Conversely, Radio One urban AC KMJQ is off three-tenths (to 7.4, 6+), thus ending three straight gains that netted seven-tenths (7.0 – 7.1 – 7.2 – 7.7, 6+), but “Majic 102.1 The People’s Station” is #1 for the third time in succession. “Majic” spent six consecutive months on top before segueing to #2 in August. It was +1.4 in May; -.6 in June; and -.7 in July. Up a combined +1.0 in back-to-back monthlies (6.9 – 7.2 – 7.9, January – February – March, 6+), “Majic” returned all of it in April (6.9, 6+) before notching May’s +1.4. The rollercoaster ride continues for iHeartMedia adult contemporary KODA “Sunny 99.1,” which gained eight-tenths in August; lost it all in September; picked up one-half share in October; and now surrenders eight-tenths in November (6.4 – 7.2 – 6.4 – 6.9 – 6.1, 6+). Displaced from the top in September and falling to third, “Sunny” repeats in the runner-up slot. Immediately prior to September’s -.8, KODA was a collective +1.7 via four straight up or flat monthlies (5.5 – 5.5 – 5.8 – 6.4 – 7.2, 6+) and notched its strongest 6+-stat since “Holiday” 2016 (10.3). Up a combined full-share in September and October (3.6 – 4.3 – 4.6, 6+), co-owned KTBZ “94.5 The Buzz – Houston’s Rock and Alternative” fades by eight-tenths as well (3.8, sixth to tenth, 6+). Having lost eight-tenths in October, Cox Media Group classic rock KGLK “The Eagle” regresses by another seven-tenths in November (5.9 – 5.2, flat at #4, 6+). Up or flat for a collective +1.2 February through July (5.3 – 5.7 – 5.9 – 6.2 – 6.5 – 6.5, 6+), “The Eagle” stumbled in August with a -1.1, but responded in September with a +1.3 to 6.7, the strongest 6+-share in its PPM-history. On the heels of October’s stunning +1.6, Univision Radio regional Mexican KLTN returns one-half share (4.7 – 6.3 – 5.8, 6+) and carries on in third-place. It was -.5 in March; +.7 in April; -1.1 in June; -.7 in July; and +.7 in August. Following three straight negative trends that yielded a combined -1.5 (8.0 – 7.4 – 6.7 – 6.5, 6+), KLTN brought back 60% of that deficit in January (+.9), jumping from third to first. It was a very quick stay there though as KLTN surrendered -1.3 in February (7.4 – 6.1, 6+) and dropped to third. Declining by one-half share as well is Liberman regional Mexican KEYH (.8 – .3, #32, 6+). Owing to seven straight up or flat trends, Univision Radio’s similarly-formatted KQBU more than quadrupled its 6+-share (.2 – .3 – .3 – .4 – .6 – .7 – .7 – .9, 6+), but “Que Buena 93.3” slips three-tenths to .6 (#25 to #28, 6+). Having improved its 6+-share by 2.5 times through eight consecutive sweeps without a decrease (.8 – 1.0 – 1.0 – 1.1 – 1.1 – 1.1 – 1.3 – 1.7 – 2.0, 6+) CBS Radio’s KILT-AM “Sports Radio 610” returns four-tenths to 1.6 (#21 to #23, 6+).
7) Atlanta – In what proves to be a solid ratings period for urban ACs in “The ATL,” Cox Media Group’s WALR “Kiss 104.1” advances by seven-tenths (5.8, 6+), while Radio One-owned WAMJ “Majic – The Real Sound of Atlanta” improves by six-tenths (4.9, eighth to sixth, 6+). The +.7 not only pushes “Kiss” from fifth to second, it applies the brakes to four consecutive declines that eventuated in a cumulative -1.1 (6.2 – 5.9 – 5.6 – 5.3 – 5.1, 6+). Meanwhile, “Magic” rebounds from a combined one-half share loss in September and October (4.8 – 4.6 – 4.3, 6+). Regarding the market’s CHR contest, Cumulus Media’s WWWQ “Q-100 Atlanta’s New Hits” drops two-tenths to 4.5 (seventh to eighth, 6+), while iHeartMedia-owned WWPW “Power 96.1 Atlanta’s #1 Hit Music Station” improves by that same margin (4.0 – 4.2, tenth to ninth, 6+). “Q-100” was locked on 4.7 (6+) in September and October. Down or flat in four straight ratings periods for a net loss of four-tenths (4.3 – 4.1 – 4.1 – 3.9 – 3.9, 6+), “Power” gained one-tenth in October. Those group owners are involved in another close skirmish between two of the market’s country properties, with iHeartMedia’s WUBL “94.9 The Bull – Atlanta’s #1 For New Country” (4.0 – 4.1, +.1, three-way tie at #10 to #11, 6+) holding a four-tenths advantage over Cumulus Media-owned WKHX “Kicks 101.5 – Atlanta’s #1 For Country Hits” (3.4 – 3.7, +.3, #15 to #13, 6+). At the same time, Woman’s World Broadcasting-owned WTSH “Georgia Country” has lost roughly 70% of its 6+-stat in five successive down or flat trends since June (1.8 – 1.3 – 1.3 – 1.0 – .7 – .5, #30, 6+). A gain of two-tenths by Cumulus Media news/talk WYAY (1.7, #20 to #19, 6+) applies the brakes to four straight negative or flat trends that resulted in an overall loss of six-tenths (2.1 – 1.8 – 1.8 – 1.8 – 1.5, 6+). After registering three straight increases for a collective +1.6 (8.6 – 8.9 – 9.9 – 10.2, 6+), Cox Media Group news/talk WSB-AM relinquishes two-tenths to 10.0 (6+), but is #1 for the 23rdsuccessive ratings period. Prior to June’s +.2, WSB-AM had been down or flat the previous four sweeps for a combined loss of -2.1 (10.7 – 9.9 – 9.5 – 9.5 – 8.6, 6+). January 2017’s 10.7 represents WSB-AM’s best-ever (6+) PPM-performance. In addition to dropping from second to fourth (5.6, 6+), Salem Media Group contemporary Christian WFSH “104.7 Fish” has its string of successive flat or progressive trends that netted a +1.8 end at four (3.9 – 3.9 – 4.3 – 5.3 – 5.7, 6+). Frozen on 3.7 (6+) in June and July and then on 4.0 (6+) in September and October, Radio One gospel WPZE stumbles by one-half share to 3.5, its lowest 6+-share since August 2016’s 3.4, with “Praise 102.5” spiraling from the top ten (#10 to #15).
8) Philadelphia – Notwithstanding that it is unchanged at #14, iHeartMedia urban-rhythmic oldies WISX is a collective +1.5 via five consecutive up or flat trends (2.0 – 2.4 – 2.6 – 2.9 – 2.9 – 3.5, 6+); “Philly’s Real 106.1 – #1 for Throwbacks” had been within 2.0 – 2.9 range (6+) in each of the last 18 survey periods. A combined +3.5 as the result of four straight increases (4.5 – 5.3 – 6.4 – 7.5 – 8.0, 6+), CBS Radio sports talk outlet/Philadelphia Eagles flagship WIP establishes two milestones: It is #1 for the first time in the PPM-era and records its best-ever 6+-stat. Off a collective full-share in June and July (5.5 – 4.7 – 4.5, 6+), WIP gained eight-tenths in August. At 10 – 1, the Eagles have the NFL’s highest winning percentage; at this time last year, WIP was #7 (4.9, 6+, November 2016). The market’s other FM sports facility – Beasley Media Group’s WPEN “97.5 The Fanatic” – records its fifth straight up or flat trend for a collective +1.1 (1.6 – 1.7 – 1.7 – 2.0 – 2.4 – 2.7, 6+) as the key station of the NBA’s Philadelphia 76ers climbs from #18 to #15. Even though it adds two-tenths (7.6 – 7.8, 6+) and has its highest 6+-share since February’s 7.9, Jerry Lee-owned adult contemporary WBEB “Today’s 101.1 More FM” is dislodged from #1 and segues to #2. Prior to September, the last time “More FM” occupied the top spot was February when it ended a seven-straight month run there. In addition to posting its lowest 6+-share since “Holiday” 2016’s 5.5, CBS Radio-owned classic hits-oldies WOGL declines for the fourth straight month for an overall -1.9 (7.5 – 7.4 – 6.6 – 6.2 – 5.6, fourth to fifth, 6+). Showing losses of one-half share each are Beasley Media Group-owned WMMR “93.3 Everything That Rocks” (5.0 – 4.5, flat at #6, 6+); iHeartMedia urban contemporary WUSL “Power 99 – Philadelphia’s Hip-Hop and R&B” (4.1 – 3.6, #7 to #13, 6+); and Educational Media Foundation contemporary Christian WKVP “Positive & Encouraging K-Love” (1.3, #19 to #21, 6+). When WMMR gained four-tenths in October, it halted five straight down or flat trends that resulted in a combined -1.4 (6.0 – 5.7 – 5.3 – 4.8 – 4.8 – 4.6, 6+). This marks the first time “Power 99” is below a four-share (6+) since May 2016’s 3.7. WKVP was locked on 1.8 (6+) in September and October.
9) Long Island – Tied with KQED-FM (see San Francisco above) for largest (6+) October 2017 – November 2017 increase by any station in the 12 PPM-markets highlighted here, Connoisseur Media hot AC WALK-FM “Real Variety 97.5” shakes off October’s -.9 with a +1.3 (6.3 – 5.4 – 6.7, 6+) to advance from second to first, which is where it was between June and September. After three consecutive surges that generated a +2.1 (4.2 – 5.1 – 5.3 – 6.3, 6+), WALK-FM dropped one-tenth in July; bounced back with a +.7 in August; and surrendered six-tenths in September. A full-share decrease in March (5.2 – 4.2, 6+) resulted in “Real Variety” tumbling from fourth to seventh, but it jumped to first in April with a gain of nine-tenths. It is a short one-month stay at #1 for iHeartMedia New York City CHR WHTZ “Z-100,” which is down three-tenths (5.8 – 5.5, 6+) and shifts to third. “Z-100” had a June 2017 – September 2017 pattern of 5.0 – 4.9 – 5.0 – 4.9 (6+). Sandwiched between WALK-FM and WHTZ is CBS Radio’s WFAN “The Fan” (third to second), logging its fourth straight increase for an overall +1.9 (4.0 – 4.2 – 4.6 – 5.3 – 5.9, 6+). Gaining one-half share each are Cox Media Group’s WBAB “Long Island’s Only Classic Rock” (5.0 – 5.5, fifth to third, 6+), which has its best-ever 6+ PPM-performance; iHeartMedia New York City’s similarly-formatted WAXQ “Q-104.3” (3.4 – 3.9, tenth to seventh, 6+); and Emmis urban AC WBLS “107.5 – #1 For R&B” (3.2 – 3.7, #11 to #9, 6+). An October dip of three-tenths by “Q-104.3 halted at nine its successive string of up or flat trends that netted a +1.1 (2.6 – 2.6 – 2.9 – 3.3 – 3.3 – 3.4 – 3.7 – 3.7 – 3.7 – 3.7, 6+). This is the 14th sweep in a row that WBLS has been within 3.0 – 3.9 range (6+). Rhythmic CHR sibling WQHT “Hot 97” gains three-tenths (2.4 – 2.7, 6+) and inches up from #16 to #14. It is within 2.0 – 2.9 territory (6+) for the 36thconsecutive ratings period. As it returns to the top ten (#11 to #10), Connoisseur Media classic hits-oldies WBZO “103.1 Max FM” adds two-tenths to 3.4 (6+), pulling the plug on six successive sweeps without an increase for a -1.5 (4.7 – 4.5 – 4.4 – 4.3 – 4.3 – 3.6 – 3.2, 6+). After being up or flat for seven straight months for a cumulative +1.6 (2.2 – 2.3 – 2.5 – 2.6 – 2.7 – 2.7 – 3.2 – 3.8, 6+), Cumulus Media hot AC WPLJ “New York’s 95.5 PLJ” forfeits seven-tenths to 3.1 and departs the top ten (#8 to #11, 6+). Eroding by seven-tenths as well and also exiting the top ten is CBS Radio all-news WCBS-AM (3.7 – 3.0, #9 to #12, 6+), which has a three-share showing (6+) in Long Island for the 13th consecutive sweep. This is the fourth time in succession that Cox Media Group CHR WBLI (flat at #6) records a negative trend (6.2 – 5.6 – 5.2 – 4.9 – 4.3, 6+) and it is an overall -1.9 since July.
10) Riverside – By doubling its 6+-share (1.2 – 2.4, 6+), All-Pro Broadcasting’s KHTI “Hot 103.9 – Move to the Music” jumps into the top ten (#12 to #8). Prior to November, “Hot” was off a collective nine-tenths in six straight down or flat trends (2.1 – 1.8 – 1.5 – 1.4 – 1.3 – 1.3 – 1.2, 6+). Owing to its third straight monthly without a decrease (3.2 – 3.5 – 3.5 – 4.1, 6+), Univision Radio regional Mexican KSCA “Zona MX 101.9” (seventh to fourth) has its best 6+-share in the Inland Empire since April’s 4.9. This marks the fourth consecutive up or flat trend for LC Media urban-rhythmic oldies KQIE “Old School 104.7” (3.3 – 3.3 – 3.4 – 3.6 – 3.9, unchanged at #6, 6+), which is +.6 since July. Steady at #9, Good News Radio contemporary Christian KSGN “89.7 Family Friendly” is a combined +.5 in four straight ratings periods without a decrease (1.6 – 1.6 – 2.1 – 2.1 – 2.1, 6+). KSGN had been trending 1.6 – 1.6 – 1.8 – 1.8 – 1.8 – 1.8 (6+) and, in September, reached the two-share level (6+) for the first time since December 2015’s 2.0. Despite gaining one-tenth to 3.8 (6+), halting three straight dips for an overall loss of eight-tenths (4.5 – 4.2 – 3.8 – 3.7, 6+), iHeartMedia rhythmic CHR KGGI backslides from fifth to seventh. While it is on top for the 25thconsecutive ratings period, Entravision Spanish adult hits KLYY “Jose” falters by eight-tenths (7.7 – 6.9, 6+). When “Jose” gained three-tenths in August, it ended six consecutive decreases for a net loss of -2.7 (9.4 – 9.2 – 8.6 – 8.3 – 8.1 – 7.9 – 6.7, 6+). It was in that stretch that “Jose” fell below a seven-share for the first time since May 2016’s 6.5. In October, Anaheim Broadcasting classic hits-oldies outlet KOLA was just two-tenths behind “Jose,” but KOLA fades by -1.5 to 6.0, nine-tenths off the pace, but is still in second-place. In back-to-back sweeps (September and October), KOLA gained a combined +2.4 (5.1 – 6.5 – 7.5, 6+). KOLA was in second-place six straight times before dropping to third in “Holiday” 2016 and was back at #2 between January and July (2017). A combined +1.0 in April and May (5.2 – 5.6 – 6.2, 6+), KOLA repeated June’s -.2 in July (6.2 – 6.0 – 5.8, 6+). Its -.4 in March ended at five a string of consecutive fluctuations by one-half share (7.1 – 6.6 – 6.1 – 5.6 – 6.1 – 5.6, 6+) for a collective -1.5. Slipping from third to fourth, Univision Radio Spanish contemporary KLVE “K-Love 107.5” is an overall -1.2 in its third straight decline (5.3 – 4.9 – 4.7 – 4.1, 6+). Co-owned Spanish adult hits KRCD improved its 6+-share by 2.5 times in three straight increases (.6 – .7 – 1.2 – 1.5, 6+), but “Recuerdo” slips by three-tenths in November to 1.2 (#11 to #14, 6+).
11) San Jose – Within 3.0 – 3.6 range (6+) in each of the past ten (10) survey periods, CHR KMVQ “99.7 New Hit Music Now!” breaks out a +1.0 (3.2 – 4.2, 6+) to progress from tenth to sixth. Improving by a cumulative +1.8 via four successive progressive spikes (3.5 – 4.0 – 4.5 – 4.9 – 5.3, 6+), iHeartMedia hot AC KIOI “Star 101.3 – More Music, More Variety” climbs from fourth to third. Two Bay Area sports talk outlets improve by one-half share each: Cumulus Media’s KNBR “The Sports Leader” (3.2, #15 to #13, 6+) and Entercom-owned KGMZ “95.7 The Game” (#28, 6+). Regaining the one-half share it lost in October, KNBR was without an increase in San Jose the past six months for an overall -1.5 since April (4.2 – 4.2 – 3.4 – 3.3 – 3.3 – 3.2 – 2.7, 6+). In four straight upticks, “The Game” has nearly tripled its 6+-share (.4 – .5 – .5 – .6 – 1.1, 6+). Advancing by one-half share as well is iHeartMedia adult contemporary KISQ “98.1 The Breeze” (3.6, #12 to #11, 6+), which had been -1.3 in three straight negative or flat trends (4.4 – 3.7 – 3.1 – 3.1, 6+). Setting the pace in San Jose for the fourth straight time, Northern California Public Broadcasting’s KQED-FM is an overall +1.3 in three consecutive gains (6.9 – 7.3 – 8.0 – 8.2, 6+). Recapturing 80% of the cumulative -1.5 it lost in four straight downward moves (7.6 – 7.5 – 7.2 – 6.3 – 6.1, 6+), KQED-FM advanced from third to first in July. Unlisted in San Jose since posting a 5.1 (6+) in the “Holiday” 2015 report, KQED-FM returned in January 2017 by recording a 6.9 (6+) to finish at #1 and had been on top through April. This represents its highest 6+-share since reappearing the first of this year. Slipping from ninth to tenth, Univision Radio regional Mexican KSOL “Que Buena” is off one-tenth to 3.8 (6+), thus curtailing at four a consecutive string of up or flat trends that generated a +1.1 (2.8 – 3.0 – 3.0 – 3.3 – 3.9, 6+); October’s 3.9 is its best 6+-share in San Jose since December’s 4.1. After being a combined +2.3 in August and September (3.7 – 4.8 – 6.0, 6+), Alpha Media classic hits-oldies KBAY “94.5 Bay FM – The Bay’s Greatest Hits” is a collective -2.0 in October and November (6.0 – 4.9 – 4.0, 6+), skidding from fourth to eighth. September’s 6.0 was its strongest 6+-stat since 8.0 in the “Holiday” 2016 report, whereas 3.7 is its weakest since July’s 3.7. Off by six-tenths each are Univision Radio Spanish adult hits KBRG “100.3 Mas Variedad” (5.4 – 4.8, third to fourth, 6+) and Empire Broadcasting’s KRTY “Hot Country 95.3” (4.2, flat at #6, 6+), which was locked on 4.8 (6+) in September and October. In addition to falling from a three-way tie at #19 to #20, Cumulus Media news/talk KSFO slips by one-tenth to 2.1 (6+), ending three straight up or flat trends that netted seven-tenths (1.5 – 1.7 – 1.7 – 2.2, 6+).
12) Middlesex – A pair of adult contemporary outlets combine for a +1.6. Specifically, iHeartMedia’s WLTW “Lite-FM” hangs out a full-share improvement to advance from sixth to third, while Beasley Media Group-owned WMGQ “Magic 98.3” increases by six-tenths (3.5 – 4.1, tenth to seventh, 6+). This is the fourth straight Middlesex-Somerset-Union gain for “Lite-FM” for an overall +1.6 (4.3 – 4.4 – 4.6 – 4.9 – 5.9, 6+) and its best 6+-showing here since February (5.9, as well). Unchanged at #5, CBS Radio New York City sports talk WFAN-FM “The Fan” registers its third straight increase for an overall +1.4 (3.8 – 4.3 – 5.1 – 5.2, 6+). For the eighth time in the last ten sweeps (and fourth straight), iHeartMedia rhythmic CHR WKTU registers a 2.8 (2.8 – 2.8 – 2.8 – 3.0 – 2.8 – 2.9 – 2.8 – 2.8 – 2.8 – 2.8, 6+) and stays at #15. Not only does it post a positive spike of nine-tenths (7.3 – 8.2, 6+) for its strongest 6+-stat since 8.2 in September 2016, Townsquare Media news/talk WKXW is #1 for the 11th consecutive ratings period. As a result of a “Holiday” 2016 – January 2017 increase of one-full-share (6.8 – 7.8, 6+), “New Jersey 101.5” returned to #1 following one month in the runner-up slot. Prior to “Holiday” 2016, when it was -.7 (6+), WKXW spent 12 consecutive ratings periods on top. Owing to its third straight increase (2.5 – 2.9 – 3.1 – 3.6, 6+), iHeartMedia urban contemporary WWPR is a collective +1.1, with “Power 105.1 New York’s Hip-Hop and R&B” cracking the top ten (#13 to #10). Eroding by one full-share (5.3 – 4.3, 6+), Spanish Broadcasting System-owned Spanish tropical WSKQ “La Mega 97.9” drops from third to sixth with its lowest 6+-showing in Middlesex since February (4.3, as well). Having trended 3.7 – 3.8 – 3.9 – 3.8 (June through September, 6+), iHeartMedia New York City CHR WHTZ “Z-100” improved by six-tenths in October to 4.4, its best 6+-stat in Middlesex-Somerset-Union since 4.5 in March. In November, however, “Z-100” surrenders nine-tenths to 3.5 (6+) and departs the top ten (#7 to #11). Dropping by eight-tenths each are Emmis urban AC WBLS “107.5 – #1 For R&B” (6.8 – 6.0, repeating at #2, 6+) and Univision Radio Spanish tropical WXNY “X-96.3” (3.2 – 2.4, #11 to #16, 6+). After more than doubling its 6+-share via eleven (11) straight up or flat trends (.4 – .5 – .5 – .6 – .6 – .7 – .8 – .9 – .9 – 1.0 – 1.0 – 1.0, 6+), Press Communications’ WKMK “Thunder 106 – Jersey’s Best Country” drops two-tenths to .8 (#25 to #26, 6+).
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Tribune Gets FCC Cross-Ownership Waivers; Chicago Market Granted Permanent Waiver. The Federal Communications Commission granted the cross-ownership waivers in five markets that the media company needs to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In a statement, Tribune CEO Eddy Hartenstein says, “We are extremely pleased with today’s action by the FCC. This decision will enable the company to continue moving forward toward emergence from Chapter 11, a process we expect to complete over the course of the next several weeks.” The commission granted a permanent waiver in Chicago while allowing one-year waivers in Los Angeles, New York, South Florida and Hartford. Technically, the one-year waivers in the four markets cited mean Tribune will have to sell either its newspaper or broadcast outlets there within the year but the FCC is working on loosening the restrictions against cross-ownership in the top 20 media markets and industry observers seem to believe the change will take effect soon. The permanent waiver in Chicago means Tribune is not necessarily forced to sell a media outlet – many suspected its lone radio property news/talk WGN would be the first to go on the block. However, what Tribune’s plans are after it exits bankruptcy are unknown and a sale of WGN, Chicago and/or any of its newspaper and TV holdings are a distinct possibility.
Arbitron Releases Report Clearly Showing Increase in Radio Listenership During Super Storm Sandy. Radio listening data released by Arbitron for the New York Metro during hurricane Sandy shows how strong radio listening is during a natural disaster and the ability for radio to keep communities informed even when the power goes out. The report provides data for the entire New York Metro as well as a breakout of counties hardest hit by the storm as it made landfall during the evening of Monday, October 29. It shows a 70% general increase in listening as the storm hit the coast and an even greater percentage of increase along the coastal communities hardest hit. When the lights went out, when TV and desktop PCs were no longer available, many New York area residents turned on their battery powered radios. Many radio stations along the path of the storm, regardless of their regular format, revamped their programming to provide their listeners with weather updates, news and emergency information. In the wake of the storm, radio remained an information lifeline to the residents of New York, particularly in the coastal areas of the market. Average radio listening on Tuesday, October 30 in New York was 1,525,500 persons in any given quarter hour between 6:00 am and 12:00 midnight, up 8% from 1,406,700 persons 6-plus the week before. The average audience in the NY coastal communities (Monmouth, Fairfield SN, Nassau-Suffolk, Staten Island and Middlesex) totaled 670,200 on the Tuesday (6a-Mid) following landfall (10/30) which is 38% higher than the average of all Tuesdays year to date. The Average in the NY coastal communities (Monmouth, Fairfield SN, Nassau-Suffolk, Staten Island and Middlesex) totaled 651,200 on the Wednesday (6a-Mid) following landfall (10/31) which is 35% higher than the average of all Wednesdays year to date. For full details on this important story click here.
Clear Channel Ends FM Simulcast on KOGO, San Diego. The former country outlet “U.S. 95.7” flipped to a simulcast of Clear Channel’s news/talk KOGO, San Diego a year ago. Now, that ends with the FM side going all Christmas music and the word on the street is that after the holidays the station will return to a music format of some sort. Adding an FM signal to a news/talk station – especially a venerable one such as KOGO – generally gives the station a ratings boost. It appears that hasn’t been the case with KOGO and Clear Channel San Diego management must see an opening in the music landscape it’s willing to target. We’ll see where it goes after the holidays.
KSCJ, Sioux City Talk Host Randy Renshaw Retires. Talk show host and newsman Randy Renshaw retires from his long-time gig at Powell Broadcasting’s KSCJ, Sioux City, Iowa. Renshaw has been with the station twice – the first time back in 1983. He tells the Sioux City Journal that turning 62 on November 18 was a good reason to end his radio career and that he’d been contemplating retirement since age 55. In addition to news duties, Renshaw hosted the 8:00 am to 11:00 am “Open Line” program. With his departure, Mark Hahn takes over hosting the local talk show.
How to Get a Radio Brand-Building Website.TALKERS columnist and noted digital radio consultant Chris Miller serves up a new article offering powerful tips on how radio web designers can create sites that contribute toward building their station’s or program’s brand without distracting from it or diluting it. He covers the process on four basic but vital fronts: layout, content, graphics and interaction. Miller asks, “What’s the difference between your site and Google, YouTube and Facebook?” He states, “Those sites have a clear reason for being, and clean, well-organized content.” He strongly suggests, “Get your page looking more Facebookish, or YouTubeEsque, and you’ll go a long way toward building your website numbers.” Miller offers some nuts-and-bolts actions to get more people back more often and clicking on more content. Read the entire article here.
Opinion: Talk Radio Must Expand Beyond Politics to Survive. Nationally syndicated talk show host Doug Stephan responds to the effects of the Rush Limbaugh-Sandra Fluke incident and the recent news involving Dial Global and its citing Limbaugh’s comments in a SEC filing. Stephan says the March incident has cost him “hundreds of thousands of dollars” and that the industry must do a better job of convincing agencies and advertisers that all talk radio should not be lumped together. Read Stephan’s piece here.
Filling in This Week. At Tribune’s WGN, Chicago, longtime St. Louis radio veteran and Chicago native JC Corcoran fills in on Garry Meier‘s PM drive slot on the station on Wednesday and Thursday. He’ll also sub for WGN’s Mike McConnell on Monday, November 26. Corcoran can be reached at jc@jcontheline.com.
Lotus Communications Donates $50,000 to Los Angeles Boys and Girls Club. The cash donated to the Los Angeles Boys and Girls Club was not a fundraiser of contributions from listeners but a gift from Spanish sports talk KWKW, Los Angeles owner Lotus Communications. The station recently launched a major partnership with the Los Angeles Boys & Girls Club. After KWKW’s community service personnel learned that the Club was in desperate need of funds in order to provide after school programs, station management decided to step in with a $50,000 check. The money wasn’t raised by listeners. Station president James Kalmenson decided to make a difference in the community KWKW serves by adding a line item to its operating budget. “One of the founding principles of our company has been to be of service to our community. As a result of the donation, the Los Angeles Boys & Girls Club was able to greatly expand its services for the local community. Word quickly spread and the attendance immediately tripled and continues to thrive today.” KWKW has also launched a PSA campaign this month that will continue throughout 2013. Additionally, the station will sponsor the Club’s annual Thanksgiving Dinner, which typically feeds more than 300 people. In December, KWKW will donate 500 toys to the Club’s Christmas Toy Drive. They’ll also broadcast live at the Club on December 7 to encourage people to drop off toys, all of which go to children ages 2-16 at the Club’s annual Christmas event. KWKW personalities Armando Aguayo, Mario Amaya, Halim Zadat and Erika Garza will attend both the Thanksgiving and Christmas events. Pictured here with kids from the club are KWKW PD/OM Juan Rodriguez (l) and KWKW president James Kalmenson (r).
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Peak Broadcasting Emerges from Chapter 11. The pre-packaged Chapter 11 restructuring plan Peak Broadcasting entered into in January has been executed and the company comes out of it with new owners: Oaktree Capital Management and GE Capital. CEO Todd Lawley and CFO Tim Lyons remain in their management positions. In a statement, Lawley says, “By significantly reducing the amount of debt outstanding on our balance sheet, this transaction provides Peak with the flexibility to invest in our business to ensure that we continue to provide best-in-market audio programming to our consumers and marketing solutions to our clients.”
New York Festivals Radio Program & Promotion Awards Extends Entries Deadline. The world-renowned New York Festivals Radio Program & Promotion Awards is extending the deadline for entry submissions for the 2012 contest through April 2. The 30-year-old competition honors the most innovative work in radio broadcasting, with entries from radio stations, networks and independent producers from around the globe. Executive director Rose Anderson says, “Even as distribution platforms multiply across the airwave spectrum, one thing remains constant: the power of the individual voice. Just this past year, winners in our talk categories – a diverse group from Howard Stern to Marvin Kalb in the U.S. to Radio Pasfarda (Iran) and Writers & Company (Canada) – engaged their audiences’ curiosity with intensity. We here at New York Festivals are very proud to recognize the creativity, innovation and quality exhibited around the world in radio today.” Categories in the talk radio realm include: Best Regularly Scheduled Talk Program, Best Talk/Interview Special, Best Radio Personality: Local Market, Best Radio Personality: Network/Syndicated, Best Talk Show Host, Best Information/News Talk Show (AM drive), Best Two-Way Telephone Talk/Interview Show (AM drive), Best Online Talk Program, Best Satellite Talk Program, Best Satellite Radio Personality, Best Radio Personality (student), Best Artist Interview/Performance (student), Editorial or Viewpoint Program, plus numerous awards in the radio news and sports categories. Find complete information about the awards, categories and how to enter by visiting http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/. New York Festivals Radio Program & Promotion Awards Grand Jury enlists jurists from all over the world, representing some of the most recognizable voices and captivating programming producers in the industry. Entries are judged on production values, organization, presentation of information, creativity and use of the medium. The International Radio Program & Promotion Awards will honor 2012’s winning entries on June 18 at an awards ceremony at Manhattan Penthouse in New York City.
Michael Smerconish Visits Boston Affiliate WTKK-FM for Movie Premiere.Dial Global nationally syndicated talk show host Michael Smerconish is bringing his ‘Book Club’ live event series to the silver screen and he’s in Boston today for a premiere screening for Greater Media affiliate WTKK-FM. “Book Club with Michael Smerconish featuring Chris Matthews’ Jack Kennedy: Elusive Hero” premieres at the Showcase Cinema De Lux in suburban Dedham. Smerconish will welcome the crowd and conduct a curtain call speech prior to the movie. Smerconish states, “Over the last several years, I have hosted many A-list authors for live gatherings of what I call my ‘Book Club.’ Never have any of these made it to the big screen. My interview with Chris Matthews concerning his New York Times bestseller Jack Kennedy: Elusive Hero was recorded in High-Def and I am thrilled it will be shown on screens all across the country on March 20. Where can you find me that night? Boston!”
CCME Names Radha Subramanyam EVP of Sales and Marketing Research. Clear Channel Media and Entertainment chairman and CEO John Hogan says Radha Subramanyam is “recognized as an industry leader in consumer insights and research and I am excited to have her on our team.” She previously served as senior vice president of media and advertiser insights and analytics as a thought leader across media forms for The Nielsen Company. In her new role with CCME, Subramanyam will be responsible for “developing, aggregating and analyzing consumer data to help illustrate and support the unique ability Clear Channel Media and Entertainment has to provide advertisers with national reach and local activation.”
WHAS, Louisville Talk Host Terry Meiners Sued by Local Cop for Slander. Longtime Louisville talk radio personality Terry Meiners is facing a civil suit for slander by the Louisville Metro Police officer who gave him a speeding ticket in March of last year. Meiners contested the ticket and was found not guilty in October. The officer, Sam Cromity, alleges Meiner took to the airwaves where he called him “Black Barney,” he played belittling songs about the highway patrol and called him a liar at least 15 times. Meiners says Cromity was threatening during the traffic stop – something Cromity denies. Clear Channel Media and Entertainment’s WHAS is also named in the suit.
C-SPAN Founder and CEO Brian Lamb Steps Down from CEO Post. The man who founded C-SPAN 33 years ago is stepping down from his day-to-day role as chief executive officer of the cable TV federal government news channel that reaches some 100 million homes. Brian Lamb, who was honored with TALKERS’ Freedom of Speech Award, will become executive chairman of the board at C-SPAN and will still host the weekly “Q&A” interview show. He will hand over the CEO reigns to Rob Kennedy and Susan Swain effective April 1.
KWTX, Waco, Texas Hosts Debates for Local Races.Clear Channel Media and Entertainment-owned KWTX, Waco reports the recent debates it sponsored and broadcast drew some 450 citizens to the University High School auditorium on March 7. The races were the GOP primaries for McLennan County Sheriff and the Texas House of Representatives, District 56. Morning drive host Shane Warner moderated the debates and states, “To have this many people show up in the middle of the week to hear some local politicians talk about local issues is quite an accomplishment. We were hoping for a good turnout but the interest from the community was beyond anything we could have imagined – and this was just for a primary election! As the only local talk show in the Waco market, I felt this was the kind of event that only News Talk 1230 and talk radio could pull off. This illustrates the power of local talk radio to help inform the community about what’s going on in their own backyard and bring voters and listeners access they otherwise wouldn’t have.”
Dave Ramsey Live in Orlando…and Beyond. Nationally syndicated financial talk sensation Dave Ramsey is pictured here at the University of Central Florida arena delivering his “Total Money Makeover Live” program before 7,500 people on March 17. This was also simulcast to 200 other locations. Ramsey spent the weekend in Orlando and presented his “EntreLeadership 1-Day Event” to nearly 1,000 business leaders. He also met with sponsors of the event and affiliate WFLA staff. Clear Channel Orlando market manager Linda Byrd says, “The personal attention and customer service we get from Dave Ramsey and his team is nothing short of stellar. It’s amazing that in spite of having 500+ affiliates he makes us feel so special. Truly feels like he’s a member of our local team. Dave does syndication the right way.”
Phil Hendrie Distributes Content Via Pandora.Talk Radio Network nationally syndicated radio personality Phil Hendrie can now be heard on Pandora. Hendrie’s bits, including characters Jay Santos, Chris Norton, Bobbie Dooley, David G. Hall and Ted Bell, are now available on the content distribution service. Hendrie joins Premiere Networks’ Bob & Tom, Steve Harvey’s Nephew Tommy and The Jerky Boys, all of whom rotate in the user-created “Phil Hendrie Radio” station. Hendrie’s tracks will also come up on user-created stations for morning radio artists, comics and political satirists.
GOP Primary/2012 Presidential Race, Afghanistan Tensions, Iran Nuclear Weapons Program, Syria Violence, and Peyton Manning to Denver Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (3/19). The GOP primary race and the issues in the 2012 presidential race, the continuing tensions in Afghanistan after a U.S. soldier is charged with killing 16 civilians, Iran’s nuclear weapons program, continuing Syrian violence and Peyton Manning’s joining the Denver Broncos were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday according to ongoing research from TALKERS.
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14 diverse talk radio personalities from industry superstars to college hosts share their candid views about the impact Election 2012 is having on their shows and talk radio in general in a new montage recorded directly on the floor of the New Hampshire Primary Radio Row produced by TALKERS magazine and Talk Radio News Service earlier this week. They also discuss the growing importance and sophistication of social networking tools such as Twitter and Facebook in the talk broadcasting communications process. Participants include syndicated national hosts Neal Boortz, Roger Hedgecock, Kate Delaney, Scott Hennen and Jeff Santos; local hosts Dan Mitchell, George Russell, Paul Westcott, Steve West, Brian Tilden, Phil Paleologos, and Lee Davis; and college radio up-and-comers Joe Horigan and Emma Bisogo. According to Neal Boortz, “We have to convince people out there that politics is as important to them as Dancing with the Stars.”
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Talk Hosts Sound Off on TALKERS TV About the Importance of the Election. 14 diverse talk radio personalities from industry superstars to college hosts share their candid views about the impact Election 2012 is having on their shows and talk radio in general in a new montage recorded directly on the floor of the New Hampshire Primary Radio Row produced by TALKERS magazine and Talk Radio News Service earlier this week. They also discuss the growing importance and sophistication of social networking tools such as Twitter and Facebook in the talk broadcasting communications process. Participants include syndicated national hosts Neal Boortz, Roger Hedgecock, Kate Delaney, Scott Hennen and Jeff Santos; local hosts Dan Mitchell, George Russell, Paul Westcott, Steve West, Brian Tilden, Phil Paleologos, and Lee Davis; and college radio up-and-comers Joe Horigan and Emma Bisogo. According to Neal Boortz, “We have to convince people out there that politics is as important to them as Dancing with the Stars.” See this TALKERS TV exclusive video in the TALKERS TV box on this page.
Peak Broadcasting Enters into Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization.Peak Broadcasting – owner of 11 radio stations in Fresno, California and Boise, Idaho – is entering into voluntary Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization after coming to terms with senior lenders. The original financing was led by GE Capital Markets. Peak lists assets of between $50 million and $100 million and debt of a similar amount. The good news for staffers is there appears to be no signs the company needs to take drastic steps from an operational standpoint in order to turn the company around. In a statement, CEO Todd Lawley says, “Operationally, Peak has improved its position in the markets it serves during one of the most difficult periods in radio broadcasting history. I am confident that Peak will emerge from the restructuring with a stronger financial foundation which complements our market-leading radio positions and allows us to continue to provide premier radio programming in the communities we serve together with the uninterrupted support of our customers, employees, and vendors.” Peak operates news/talk KMJ-AM/FM, Fresno; news/talk KIDO, Boise; and sports KFXD, Boise in addition to seven music-formatted stations in the two markets. Upon approval of the plan, Peak Broadcasting will be owned by senior lenders that could include Oaktree Captial and Rabobank.
Rachel Crowson Named Co-Anchor at ARNN.America’s Radio News Network announces news pro Rachel Crowson becomes part of the news network’s on-air staff as a co-anchor. Crowson is a 20-year news pro who’s worked mostly in the Washington, DC market at operations including Metro Networks, Voice of America and ABC News Radio. ARNN CEO Mark Masters says, “We welcome Rachel into our exclusive news organization. Her background and demeanor are a perfect match for our non-partisan, long-form news programming. Stations continue to tell us they love the long-form news blocks so much they want more. We have been stunned by the high demand!”
WGN, Chicago’s Studio Moves Up in Tribune Tower. Time Out Chicago’s Robert Feder reports that Tribune Company is relocating WGN’s offices and studios – all except the showcase studio that faces Michigan Avenue – from the ground floor to the 7th floor. WGN has been on the ground floor of Tribune Tower since the station moved there in 1986 from the West Bradley Place studios it shared with WGN-TV since 1961. VP/GM Tom Langmyer tells Feder, “Our new location in the building will include a fresher and brighter workspace (as the relocated offices, sales area, news department and studios will have windows as well) and the technical operation and new studios will be fully digital, replacing the current analog equipment, much of which has been in service since WGN moved to the Tower 25 years ago.” Tribune Company plans to lease the current space to a new restaurant to be opened in 2013. The showcase studio that faces Michigan Avenue will still be the place from which personalities such as AM drive host Jonathon Brandmeier broadcast their shows.
Talk Host Phil Valentine Premiers New Film Attacking Global Warming Theory. Nashville-based nationally syndicated talk host Phil Valentine announces the premier of “An Inconsistent Truth” – the film he and Rocky Mountain Pictures produced to take on the theory of anthropogenic global warming. The film will receive a special showing on January 26 at the Regal Hollywood 27 Theatres in Nashville and opens to the public on the following day. Valentine stars in the film as he sets off in his bio-fueled car Bennie the BioBenz to discover why “a record number of Americans are now skeptical of man-made global warming.” Valentine says that, while making the film, “What I found is the belief in anthropogenic global warming is wide but shallow. People who believe in it have no idea why they do. It’s just what they’ve been spoon‐fed.” The documentary features noted scientists such as Dr. John Christy, a lead author of the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report on global warming. Valentine also talks with Dr. Roy Spencer, the lead scientist on NASA’s Aqua Satellite which measures surface temperatures around the globe. Other scientists in the film include Dr. Fred Singer and Dr. Ken Green. Valentine also explores the economic ramifications of cap‐and‐trade legislation with current and former policymakers including Speaker Newt Gingrich, Senator James Inhofe, Senator Jim DeMint and U.S. Rep. Greg Walden. For information on the film or to speak with Phil Valentine, contact Brian Wilson at 615-312-3481.
Compass Media Networks’ “Free Beer & Hot Wings” Morning Show Adds Saturday Program. The younger, male-demo-targeted “Free Beer & Hot Wings” AM drive show syndicated nationally by Compass Media Networks adds a Saturday morning program to the daily offering for affiliate stations. The WGRD-FM, Grand Rapids-based program is co-hosted by Gregg Daniels and Chris Michaels along with cast members Eric Zane and producers Joe and Steve and airs on more than 35 affiliate stations across the country. The program also announces it will be broadcasting live from the Super Bowl radio row in Indianapolis in February.
Florida Syndicated Talk Host Burnie Thompson Hosts “Freedom Rally.” Florida talk show host Burnie Thompson – who is independently syndicated throughout the state on nine stations – is hosting a “Freedom Rally” in Jacksonville on January 19 he says “is intended to galvanize voters to participate in the upcoming January 31 state primary, and to focus on true limited government and the protection of civil liberties.” Thompson’s event is co-sponsored by affiliates WBOB, Jacksonville and WYOO-FM, Panama City. The rally is being held at the Omni Hotel in downtown Jacksonville and will feature country artist Todd Allen Herendeen, WYOO-FM morning host Darrel Day and Fox News Channel contributor Dan Arias.
Compass Media Marketing Announces New Rep Deal with Point-of-Purchase Radio. The marketing firm newly founded by Compass Media Networks CEO Peter Kosann and managed by president of sales & marketing Paul Gregery lands a deal to exclusively rep POP Radio – a leading in-store audio platform. Gregery says, “Tens of millions of Americans hear POP Radio’s advertisements every day and it is our mission to leverage the reach of POP Radio for the benefit of our sponsors.” Compass says it commissioned Edison Research to calculate audience exposure. “Through actual store visits and face-to-face interviews, Edison Research’s methodology has very accurately measured POP Radio’s listenership by including time spent shopping (a network radio TSL equivalent) and physically counting the shoppers present when the messages air.” Peter Kosann states, “POP Radio has a huge audience, unique platform and strong brand with national advertisers. We are appreciative and grateful that POP Radio has joined our growing company.”
Hutchinson Newsmaker Network Launches to Syndicate Weekly Program. Founded by “Hutchinson Report Newsmaker Hour” host Earl Ofari Hutchinson to syndicate the weekly news program, the new network says it is the first “African-American, West Coast-operated national broadcast network.” Hutchinson describes his weekly program as featuring “in-depth conversations with the nation’s top elected officials, political leaders and opinion makers in the White House, on Capitol Hill, as well as the nation’s leading political and social issue writers and commentators across the political spectrum. They fully air their views on controversial, topical, and crucial public policy issues, initiatives and legislation.” The program is heard on affiliates across the country including: KTYM, Los Angeles; WWNL, Pittsburgh; KCNW, Kansas City; WVTJ, Pensacola; and KXKS, Albuquerque.
Southern California Talk Host Given Local Honor.Captain Mike Whitehead, host of “The Boathouse Radio Show” on the CRN Digital Talk Radio Network, is honored by the Costa Mesa Daily Pilot by being included on its annual “103 Most Influential People of Newport Beach and Costa Mesa.” Whitehead is a fixture in the community and a boating columnist for the Newport Beach Independent. CRN Digital Talk CEO Mike Horn says, “Captain Mike has been a big part of Newport Beach and Costa Mesa for many years and we’re thrilled to see him receive this outstanding honor.”
GOP Primary Race, Iran’s Military Ambitions and U.S.-Taliban Talks Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (1/11). The race to secure the GOP nomination for president, Iran’s military ambitions and nuclear weapons program and talk of discussions between the U.S. and the Taliban were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio according to ongoing research from TALKERS. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
TokenMismatchException in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 46 ocassionally showing
I already set the token in the form:
<form action="{{ route('user.store') }}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{!! csrf_token() !!}">
<legend>Agregar nuevo usuario.</legend>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Código empresa</label>
<input type="number" class="form-control input-sm" name="enterprise" id="enterprise">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Nombre</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control input-sm" name="name" id="name">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control input-sm" name="email" id="email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Usuario</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control input-sm" name="username" id="username">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control input-sm" name="password" id="password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" name="create_content" id="create_content"> Crea contenido
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" name="active" id="active"> Activo
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" id="btn_Crear">Create</button>
</form>
Occasionally I'm receiving the TokenmismathException, and I'm not able to post anymore, If I comment out the line //'App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken', in the Kernel.php file and try to post, it works, And if I uncomment the same line again 'App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken',, now I don't receive the TokenmismatchException, until it stops working.
I'm not using ajax
Does anyone know why this is happening.
A:
We had the exact same problem and never found a good solution. We did find a workaround although.
In your .env file, set the Session storage to Redis (yap, you have to install Redis on your server than). This worked for us, never encountered the same problem again.
Note, this works for us, but it of course is not a solution, merely a work-around until someone found the right solution.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
ISA 230 Documentation
ISA 230 Audit Documentation is one of the International Standards on Auditing. It serves to direct the documentation of audit working papers in order to assist the audit planning and performance; the supervision and review of the audit work; and the recording of audit evidence resulting from the audit work in order to support the auditor's opinion.
ISA 230 statements
The auditor should prepare, on a timely basis, audit documentation that provides:
A sufficient and appropriate record of the basis for the audit report
Evidence that the audit was performed in accordance with ISA's and applicable legal and regulatory requirements (Paragraph 2).
The auditor should prepare the audit documentation so as to enable an experienced auditor, having no previous connection with the audit, to understand:
The nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures performed to comply with ISAs and applicable legal and regulatory requirements;
The results of the audit procedures and the audit evidence obtained;
Significant matters arising during the audit and the conclusions reached thereon. (Paragraph 9)
Oral explanations by the auditor, on their own, do not represent adequate support for the work the auditor performed or conclusions the auditor reached, but may be used to clarify or explain information contained in the audit documentation. (Paragraph 11) This is not true, Oral explanations are only referenced on paragraph 11 of AU section 339 therefore does not refer to ISA.
The audit file must effectively stand on its own. Whilst the auditor may clarify what has been documented the facility to explain detailed aspects of the audit has gone, so this must mean more extensive working papers in some areas.
In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should record the identifying characteristics of the specific items or matters being tested. (Paragraph 12)
In documenting the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed, the auditor should record:
Who performed the audit work and the date such work was completed; and
Who reviewed the audit work performed and the date and extent of such review. (Paragraph 23)
The standard also establishes clear responsibilities for the auditor to assemble the final audit file on a timely basis and sets out specific requirements regarding deletions, modifications or additions to audit documentation after the date of the auditor's report.
There are also documentation requirements in the exceptional circumstance when an auditor judges it necessary to depart from a basic principle or essential procedure that is relevant in the circumstances of the audit. The auditor should document how the alternative procedures performed achieve the objective of the audit and, unless otherwise clear, the reasons for the departure.
Methods of recording
Narrative notes
Organisation charts
Internal control questionnaires (ICQs)
Flowcharts
References
Category:Auditing standards | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Time to REST: epidemiology and burden.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by a compelling urge to move, accompanied by disturbing sensations within the legs. It is now recognized that RLS is a common condition that has a substantial impact on sleep, daily activities and quality of life. Recent data from the REST (RLS Epidemiology, Symptoms, and Treatment) general population study show that symptoms of RLS are present in approximately 7% of the general population, and that 2-3% experience moderate or severe symptoms at least twice a week. Amongst this RLS cohort, approximately 88% reported sensory disturbances and 76% reported sleep-related symptoms. These symptoms had a marked effect on everyday life, with up to 50% of the RLS cohort reporting disruption of everyday activities or personal relationships. Sleep disturbances in turn lead to impaired daytime functioning. RLS is associated with a significant impairment of quality of life, comparable with that seen in chronic medical conditions such as diabetes or depression. Given the significant burden of morbidity associated with RLS, there is a strong case for treatment in patients with troublesome symptoms. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Developing skills in clinical leadership for ward sisters.
The Francis report has called for a strengthening of the ward sister's role. It recommends that sisters should operate in a supervisory capacity and should not be office bound. Effective ward leadership has been recognised as being vital to high-quality patient care and experience, resource management and interprofessional working. However, there is evidence that ward sisters are ill equipped to lead effectively and lack confidence in their ability to do so. University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust has recognised that the job has become almost impossible in increasingly large and complex organisations. Ward sisters spend less than 40% of their time on clinical leadership and the trust is undertaking a number of initiatives to support them in this role. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Explanation for the average patriot trying to follow Q. Not asking for anything, just trying to help bring a little clarification to those who are curious.
Going to reorg here. Rather than go by numbers, let’s try to do this by day. Q was busy this day, so it’ll be a bit. And if you didn’t notice, I skipped some. I’m trying to keep up but don’t have that much time, so I started skipping some of the filler ones. Things that are more for humor and encouragement to specific anon’s, or sometimes when it’s repetitive I just jump to the end.
Patriot day. Feel free to read the proclamation. I suspect there’s a deeper symblance this day will bring in the coming years. When the patriots of this age take the country back. We’re at war. Few realize this, but it’s sort of a new civil war, revolutionary war. Not sure. I’m glad they won’t forget 9/11 though. May the truth come out and all the citizens see what was done to us and stand against it.
UPDATE: Today we sent an updated letter to DAG Rosenstein, including a newly discovered text + new resulting timeline:
The graphics are above are a set of unnamed sources and MSM contacts. You can blow it up bigger on one of the Q drop pages if you want to see it. Basically Q is mapping out the contact that happens between FBI, DOJ, and news outlets. Just vague, because they have it through classified means and can’t reveal exactly who yet. Mark Meadows posts tie in to this. Sounds like the texts give away that Strzok and Lisa Page both were involved with leaking info to the press, that was then used to help push the Trump collusion narrative and the FISA abuse.
Sally Yates hired lawyers. She’s one of those dropped from the DOJ. Did you do something wrong Sally?
Sounds like McCabe and Comey are talking to get their stories straight. That was a mistake. I thought it’s in a drop Q said “FISA goes both ways”. I explain in a sec
James Baker ready to testify
Lisa Page(FBI Lawyer) testifying against Strzok like we thought.
Bruce Ohr(DOJ) testifying to save his wife
Steele who was the British Spy that help get all the Russian Dossier info is seeking non extradition to US. He doesn’t want to be arrested and sent here for trial. Wonder why.
Rats running
So, it finally hit me a big chunk of what’s been going on with Q. Q often says “They have everything”, but that seems to be the case since they have the NSA data. They’ve been recording all sorts of data on us all, but it’s not admissable to court. It’s even questionable if that’s legal. So they know what’s going on, but have trouble using it. However, they can use classified info to obtain warrants. You know, just like Obama/Clinton did on Trump. So they’ve used this info to get FISA warrants on a lot of these Deep State guys. Show that they’re working with another country, the Five Eyes countries for example that tried to sway the election, and they can now spy on them. So they collect their phone calls, emails, etc.
Then Q spooks them. He drops info, points people in the right direction. Slowly the pieces keep coming out from congress getting info. These players get panicked and get together to talk. Except now, they’re legally spied on. So like the call between Comey and Strzok above. I bet if you played that back, suddenly it’s all clear. So Q team has all the information but can’t use it to bring them down, so he tricked them into playing their hand. He got enough to get warrants in place, then scared them into doing stupid things. The ones that they didn’t have enough info on, they probably do now.
Oh yet another article from big news outlight debunking QAnon. Q tells us there is another wave of attacks. This one gets even bigger, but we’ll address that in the 9/12 drops.
Funny thing is, this isn’t a picture of people supporting Q. It’s actually a very liberal university program. I saw some people that tracked it down and they have some shady stuff there. Mostly just brainwashing the kids as many higher education systems do now. Unfortunately, my normal sites I use to get info are down, so I hadn’t seen much more on this.
This girl got put out by Q. I guess Q liked that tweet of hers about hammer time. Maybe a gavel as in a judge? I suspect she suddenly got a lot of followers on twitter. I pulled her up and she had a bunch of interesting stories flagged, and also was now followed by at least 4 of the people I get a lot of news from these days. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
What they mean by "good science': the medical community's response to boutique fetal ultrasounds.
Since 1994, when the first fetal imaging boutique appeared in Texas, many sites have been established around the country for parents to receive nonmedical fetal imaging using three- and four-dimensional ultrasound machines. These businesses boast the benefits they offer to parental-fetal bonding, but the medical community objects to the use of ultrasound machines for nonmedical purposes. In this article, I present the statements released by the medical community, highlighting the alarmist strategies used to paint boutique ultrasounds as bad science and elevate the medical use of ultrasounds. Through a close reading of the statements, it is shown that the medical community's primary concern is not the health of the fetus or the woman but rather their place as the sole users of fetal ultrasounds. This detailed analysis reveals a medical community fearful that its authority is being usurped and is therefore responding with statements meant to denigrate boutique fetal ultrasounds. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 203842 204051 95.3051 + . seq2;seq2Range=797542,797749;eValue=9.01857e-84;cigar=41M1D48M1D39M1I49M1D5M1I17M1D1M1D3M1I2M;mutations=27A,129A,148T,184C,206A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 376267 376474 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=839295,839499;eValue=3.20309e-82;cigar=3M1D16M1D127M1D48M1I3M2D1M1I5M;mutations=111A,157A,195C,200T,204C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 825759 825964 95.283 + . seq2;seq2Range=249212,249421;eValue=2.96448e-83;cigar=3M1I45M1I35M1D5M1D47M1I19M1I9M1I36M1I5M;mutations=4C,6C,50T,138A,158A,168T,199A,205C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 35180 35383 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=370909,371107;eValue=3.73947e-80;cigar=4M1I2M1D29M1D25M1I2M1D79M1D20M1D6M1D23M1D7M;mutations=5A,62G,195A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 803348 803551 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=319086,319285;eValue=1.2292e-79;cigar=20M1D56M1D6M1D53M1D37M1I27M1D;mutations=10T,101T,131T,173A,198A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 788133 788335 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=878118,878318;eValue=1.2292e-79;cigar=4M1D18M1D2M1I48M1D20M1D29M1I78M;mutations=3G,25G,35C,77G,123A,188G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 271109 271310 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=892735,892938;eValue=3.73947e-80;cigar=35M2I45M1D23M1I32M1I64M1D1M;mutations=27G,36G,37A,106G,139C,157T,188C,202G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 417128 417328 95.169 + . seq2;seq2Range=395971,396175;eValue=1.13763e-80;cigar=61M1I46M1I31M1I42M1I1M1I13M1I5M2D;mutations=32A,62C,63G,109C,141A,184A,186G,200T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 690816 691016 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=187699,187902;eValue=3.73947e-80;cigar=45M1I27M1I48M1D9M1I19M1D44M1I1M1I6M;mutations=46G,74A,110T,132G,141G,196A,198T,201A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 981047 981247 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=643512,643715;eValue=3.73947e-80;cigar=74M1I24M1D34M1I15M1I8M1D11M1I31M1I2M;mutations=5C,75A,115A,134C,150C,170T,202C,203C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 14903 15102 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=614619,614815;eValue=4.36568e-78;cigar=64M1D26M1D15M1D31M1D2M1I4M1I30M1D23M;mutations=2A,5C,139T,144C,189A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 151834 152033 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=513755,513956;eValue=4.04047e-79;cigar=45M1I23M1D9M1I36M1D3M1I64M1I18M;mutations=35C,46C,79A,119A,160C,184G,199C,201G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 298523 298722 95.0738 + . seq2;seq2Range=139496,139691;eValue=1.32813e-78;cigar=11M1D29M1D14M1D44M1D2M1I13M1D28M1D44M1I1M1I2M1D5M;mutations=101C,187G,189C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 704641 704840 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=945073,945270;eValue=4.36568e-78;cigar=67M1D34M1D25M1D48M1I17M1D4M1I1M;mutations=2A,5T,89C,167A,175C,197T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 823546 823745 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=116227,116424;eValue=4.04047e-79;cigar=4M1I41M1I20M1D2M1D28M1D9M1I27M1I21M1D41M2D1M;mutations=5T,47C,107G,135T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 859412 859611 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=678027,678229;eValue=4.04047e-79;cigar=9M1I126M1I3M1I3M1I9M1D49M;mutations=3C,10G,13T,128A,137A,141A,145T,183T,185G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 181072 181270 95.0738 + . seq2;seq2Range=626082,626282;eValue=1.32813e-78;cigar=16M1I48M1D89M1D6M1I5M1I5M1I28M;mutations=17T,88G,96G,161C,167G,173G,198C,199C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 330607 330805 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=627125,627325;eValue=4.04047e-79;cigar=19M1I50M1D31M1D10M1I69M1D1M1I14M2I2M;mutations=20G,47G,112T,134C,183A,198A,199A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 438336 438534 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=270288,270488;eValue=4.04047e-79;cigar=17M1I19M2I12M1D15M1I22M1D31M1I79M1D1M;mutations=4T,18G,38C,39T,67A,68A,121C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 651384 651582 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=604088,604285;eValue=4.36568e-78;cigar=91M1D11M2I7M1I7M1D29M1D28M1D22M;mutations=103G,104G,112A,116A,167G,197A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 659217 659415 95.0738 + . seq2;seq2Range=849261,849459;eValue=1.32813e-78;cigar=26M1I21M1I29M1I56M1D20M1D4M1D7M1I32M1D;mutations=27C,39C,49T,79A,167T,182C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 99283 99480 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=520291,520485;eValue=4.71708e-77;cigar=49M1D9M1D12M1D55M1I30M1I6M1D31M1D1M;mutations=30G,70A,126T,157G,193G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 500977 501174 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=588492,588690;eValue=4.36568e-78;cigar=40M1I32M1I4M1I69M1D28M1D19M1D2M1I1M;mutations=15A,41A,74G,79C,163T,184G,198A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 252575 252771 95.0248 + . seq2;seq2Range=842862,843059;eValue=1.43504e-77;cigar=32M1D44M1I10M1I25M1D17M1D28M1I37M1I1M;mutations=61G,77A,88T,159T,163G,179A,197T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 479619 479815 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=988803,989003;eValue=4.36568e-78;cigar=2M2I15M1I79M1I55M1I25M1D20M;mutations=3G,4T,20A,23T,81G,100G,156G,160A,162T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 992727 992922 95.4314 + . seq2;seq2Range=355782,355973;eValue=4.71708e-77;cigar=6M1I88M1D2M1D25M1D51M1D16M1D3M;mutations=7A,103G,187C,191A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 437656 437850 95.4314 + . seq2;seq2Range=436122,436316;eValue=4.71708e-77;cigar=24M1D31M1D31M1I7M1I100M;mutations=2C,13C,54T,76A,87G,95A,103T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 13711 13904 95.4314 + . seq2;seq2Range=158249,158441;eValue=4.71708e-77;cigar=28M1D72M1D62M1D13M1I2M1I1M1I10M1D2M;mutations=25G,66A,176G,179T,181A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 21160 21353 95.4314 + . seq2;seq2Range=481930,482121;eValue=4.71708e-77;cigar=56M1D3M1I6M1D26M1I8M1D3M1I47M1D27M1D13M;mutations=60T,61C,93T,105G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 559219 559410 95.3608 + . seq2;seq2Range=195779,195965;eValue=1.67535e-75;cigar=6M1D29M1D7M1D12M1D9M1I11M1D4M1I64M1D30M1D13M;mutations=64A,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 675527 675718 95.4081 + . seq2;seq2Range=774605,774797;eValue=1.55054e-76;cigar=41M1I3M1I5M1D59M1I15M1I21M1D23M1D22M;mutations=42G,46T,111T,127G,190A,191G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 977334 977525 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=696953,697144;eValue=5.09676e-76;cigar=30M1I18M1D34M1D36M1I44M1D4M1I23M;mutations=30G,31A,90T,120T,131C,169C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 336022 336212 95.4081 + . seq2;seq2Range=218025,218219;eValue=1.55054e-76;cigar=79M1I41M1I5M1I6M1I36M1D21M1I2M;mutations=72A,80G,122C,128A,135C,163C,193T,194C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 597934 598124 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=29816,30007;eValue=5.09676e-76;cigar=67M1D43M1D45M1D24M1I6M2I1M1I2M;mutations=138T,180C,181C,187G,188G,190G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 765547 765737 95.3608 + . seq2;seq2Range=310437,310627;eValue=1.67535e-75;cigar=1M1D39M1D1M1I71M1I39M1D30M1I7M;mutations=42C,114G,140T,150G,170C,184T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 56271 56460 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=109597,109789;eValue=5.09676e-76;cigar=7M1D11M1I27M1I69M1I3M1D33M1I3M1I35M;mutations=19G,47T,81T,117G,154T,158T,192A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 421416 421605 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=551468,551654;eValue=1.81019e-74;cigar=34M1I28M1D43M1D2M1I39M1D35M2D4M;mutations=35T,68A,109G,128T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 531751 531940 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=253615,253801;eValue=1.81019e-74;cigar=37M1D7M1D8M1I2M1D82M1I47M2D2M;mutations=13C,53C,138G,183C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 685350 685539 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=869062,869247;eValue=1.81019e-74;cigar=65M1D10M1D12M1I6M1D42M1I27M1D18M1D3M1D1M;mutations=88C,137T,184C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 878328 878517 95.3608 + . seq2;seq2Range=938665,938855;eValue=1.67535e-75;cigar=30M1D36M1D10M1I44M1D20M1I20M1I26M1I1M;mutations=77T,91C,100A,142G,163C,190G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 886096 886285 95.3608 + . seq2;seq2Range=439136,439325;eValue=1.67535e-75;cigar=21M1I12M1I28M1D2M1D7M1I5M1D19M1D32M1I60M;mutations=22T,35T,44G,73G,130C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 970348 970537 95.4081 + . seq2;seq2Range=14027,14220;eValue=1.55054e-76;cigar=2M1I8M1I3M1I7M1D1M1I88M1D29M1I26M1I24M;mutations=3G,12A,16A,25G,50C,143A,170C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 76397 76585 95.3367 + . seq2;seq2Range=260294,260482;eValue=5.507e-75;cigar=3M1D2M1I20M1I75M1I6M1D47M1I13M1D18M1D1M;mutations=2C,6G,27A,103C,157C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 79419 79607 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=77955,78143;eValue=1.81019e-74;cigar=1M1I4M1D28M1I22M1D25M1I3M1D103M;mutations=2A,35A,44G,76C,83C,136C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 129459 129646 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=414470,414653;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=25M1D68M1D8M1I57M1D16M1D7M1D2M;mutations=102G,114A,117C,120T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 753048 753234 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=480175,480363;eValue=1.81019e-74;cigar=36M1I9M1I4M1D33M1D35M1I19M1I42M1I6M1D;mutations=37G,47G,108C,120A,140C,183G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 971386 971572 95.1871 + . seq2;seq2Range=705903,706083;eValue=6.94668e-72;cigar=23M1D2M1D23M1D71M1D43M1D18M1D1M;mutations=18G,49A,135C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 332326 332511 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=365648,365826;eValue=2.28343e-71;cigar=59M1D22M1D1M1D30M1D20M1D16M1D29M1D2M;mutations=36A,100G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 530615 530800 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=874954,875139;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=22M1I3M1I101M1D42M1I11M1D1M1D3M;mutations=23T,27C,96T,144A,171T,184G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 896047 896232 95.1871 + . seq2;seq2Range=290110,290293;eValue=6.94668e-72;cigar=5M1D13M1I8M1D64M1D93M;mutations=19T,64G,76T,93G,115G,167A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 127373 127557 95.2631 + . seq2;seq2Range=202757,202945;eValue=1.9559e-73;cigar=11M1I3M1I28M1I49M1I40M1I4M1D49M;mutations=9C,12T,16T,45G,47T,95T,136T,169A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 209201 209385 95.2127 + . seq2;seq2Range=653171,653354;eValue=2.11333e-72;cigar=16M1D35M1D16M1I15M1D22M1D26M1I35M1I16M;mutations=7C,68C,79G,132C,168A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 261900 262084 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=172954,173140;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=18M1I57M1D20M1I29M1I9M1I2M1D48M;mutations=19G,43T,97G,110C,127T,135G,137A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 604104 604288 95.2127 + . seq2;seq2Range=988576,988762;eValue=2.11333e-72;cigar=3M1I1M1I31M1D124M1I25M;mutations=4A,6G,118G,122T,162T,169T,182G,186C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 683906 684090 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=790344,790528;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=19M1I17M1I36M1D5M1D1M1I16M1I34M1D6M1D47M;mutations=20T,38G,81A,98T,184T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 738649 738833 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=520928,521114;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=9M1I37M1I35M1I40M1D2M1D13M1I47M;mutations=10G,48T,84C,111A,140C,143G,186T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 524028 524211 95.2127 + . seq2;seq2Range=161096,161281;eValue=2.11333e-72;cigar=8M2I52M1I118M1I3M2D1M;mutations=9A,10A,14C,63G,156G,176G,182T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 653596 653778 95.1871 + . seq2;seq2Range=588056,588238;eValue=6.94668e-72;cigar=1M1I27M1I73M1D15M1D47M1D2M1I7M1I6M1D1M;mutations=2T,30T,158G,168T,176A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 686951 687133 95.1871 + . seq2;seq2Range=126367,126550;eValue=6.94668e-72;cigar=3M1I3M1I1M1D25M1I12M1I67M1D9M1D60M;mutations=4C,8T,35G,48A,133G,179T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 45263 45444 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=660657,660839;eValue=2.28343e-71;cigar=28M1D37M1I55M1D9M1D46M1I1M2I3M;mutations=66G,78C,175T,177C,179G,180C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 85802 85983 95.1351 + . seq2;seq2Range=602934,603116;eValue=7.50582e-71;cigar=82M1I26M1D14M1D24M1I27M1I7M;mutations=24T,68A,83C,148G,149C,161T,176G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 358894 359075 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=390049,390235;eValue=6.42919e-73;cigar=9M2I28M1I42M1D10M1D49M1I5M1I4M2I33M;mutations=10G,11G,40A,142G,148C,153G,154C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 724785 724966 95.1351 + . seq2;seq2Range=687205,687383;eValue=7.50582e-71;cigar=3M1I14M1D37M1I5M1D73M1D3M1D13M1D18M1I6M1D4M;mutations=4A,56G,169G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 130091 130271 95.1086 + . seq2;seq2Range=18589,18769;eValue=2.46722e-70;cigar=11M1D14M1D66M1D65M1I7M1I11M1I4M;mutations=19G,111T,157A,165T,177C,178T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 464879 465059 95.1086 + . seq2;seq2Range=381705,381886;eValue=2.46722e-70;cigar=5M1D8M1I30M1D3M1I77M1I56M;mutations=4T,14C,48T,61G,95A,126G,156G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 476256 476436 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=380535,380713;eValue=8.10997e-70;cigar=26M1D52M1D21M1I39M1I12M1D25M1D2M;mutations=8T,36C,44T,100A,140A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 279073 279252 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=906637,906817;eValue=8.10997e-70;cigar=25M1I31M1D32M1I35M1I47M1D8M;mutations=4G,15C,26T,49G,90A,126A,176A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 619335 619514 95.0549 + . seq2;seq2Range=61913,62091;eValue=2.66581e-69;cigar=2M1I2M1I120M1D34M1D19M1D;mutations=3A,6T,46T,58G,149C,177G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 684171 684350 95.1086 + . seq2;seq2Range=898074,898257;eValue=2.46722e-70;cigar=25M1I95M1I27M1I3M1I30M;mutations=3G,17A,18A,26C,122C,133T,135G,150G,154C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 942021 942200 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=141668,141842;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=114M1D10M1D13M1I27M1D1M1D1M1D6M1D2M;mutations=36C,65G,138A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 617394 617572 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=833682,833858;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=53M1I3M1D15M1I67M1D31M1D2M1D4M;mutations=24G,54G,73C,94G,175C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 914375 914553 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=771785,771961;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=69M1I55M1D19M2D13M1I7M1D12M;mutations=70A,80C,158C,172T,173C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 930911 931089 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=602492,602667;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=2M1I71M1I25M1D53M1D17M2D4M1D2M;mutations=3G,75G,126T,165C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 903411 903588 95.1086 + . seq2;seq2Range=59206,59387;eValue=2.46722e-70;cigar=3M1I30M1D17M1I9M1I75M1I12M1I25M1D1M1I4M;mutations=4C,52C,62A,138A,151T,178G,180A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 622724 622900 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=562529,562706;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=12M1I39M1I7M1D14M1D43M1D29M1I29M1I1M;mutations=13G,15C,23G,53C,147T,177G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 829251 829427 95.0276 + . seq2;seq2Range=780594,780772;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=2M1D49M2I43M1I29M1I45M1D7M;mutations=2A,52A,53G,86C,97G,127T,158A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 566935 567110 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=541251,541421;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=14M1D23M1D2M1D130M2D2M;mutations=82T,138G,162G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 733269 733444 95.0549 + . seq2;seq2Range=289698,289876;eValue=2.66581e-69;cigar=37M1I14M1I9M1I23M1D22M1I36M1D15M1I10M1I5M1D2M;mutations=38T,53C,63T,109A,161A,172A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 280188 280362 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=115391,115568;eValue=2.88038e-68;cigar=24M1D67M1I23M1D20M1I5M1I29M1I4M1I1M;mutations=15T,84C,92A,136G,142A,172A,177G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 494973 495147 95.5056 + . seq2;seq2Range=215629,215804;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=27M1D12M1I13M1D97M1I13M1I11M;mutations=40T,62A,136T,146G,151T,165A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 782374 782548 95.4802 + . seq2;seq2Range=936248,936421;eValue=2.88038e-68;cigar=2M1I48M1I33M1D39M1D49M1D1M;mutations=3T,5C,47C,52T,58T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 92040 92213 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=559640,559817;eValue=2.88038e-68;cigar=2M2D20M1I25M1I3M1I43M1I34M1I29M1I16M;mutations=11G,23C,49C,53T,97G,132C,162C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 584082 584255 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=896198,896369;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=49M1D11M1I25M1D20M1D48M1D16M1I1M;mutations=50T,61G,101G,171G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 844679 844852 95.5056 + . seq2;seq2Range=587459,587632;eValue=8.76274e-69;cigar=6M1I1M1I2M1D22M1D10M1D77M1D19M1I3M1I30M;mutations=7T,9G,140T,144A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 878859 879032 95.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=617824,617992;eValue=3.11223e-67;cigar=25M1I78M1D30M1D18M1D10M1D1M1D3M1D3M;mutations=26A,48A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 988210 988383 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=484703,484873;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=1M1D29M1D38M1D26M1I24M1D43M1D5M1I3M;mutations=25A,95T,168T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 4876 5048 95.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=925808,925980;eValue=3.11223e-67;cigar=6M1D18M1I100M1I38M1D9M;mutations=4T,5T,24T,25T,76C,126G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 475440 475612 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=5398,5571;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=5M1D9M1I78M1I70M1I8M1D1M;mutations=15A,84G,94T,99C,161A,165T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 590859 591031 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=166035,166208;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=2M1D5M1I27M1D63M1I56M1I18M;mutations=8T,14G,38A,99A,118T,156A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 907439 907611 95.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=536140,536311;eValue=3.11223e-67;cigar=21M1I3M1D66M1D10M1I8M1D62M;mutations=22C,46A,102G,124T,170A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 87879 88050 95.4022 + . seq2;seq2Range=550194,550364;eValue=1.02301e-66;cigar=58M1D14M1D56M1I22M1I19M1D;mutations=21G,46T,65G,129A,152G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 647703 647874 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=560600,560774;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=32M1D20M1I51M1I37M1I30M1I1M;mutations=18C,22C,53T,65T,105A,143G,174C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 896848 897019 95.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=176101,176271;eValue=3.11223e-67;cigar=20M1I27M1D3M1I23M1D53M1D29M1D4M1I9M;mutations=21G,52A,97G,162G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 674705 674875 95.3757 + . seq2;seq2Range=894881,895051;eValue=3.36273e-66;cigar=11M1I16M1D115M1I27M1D;mutations=12G,18A,21A,116T,144G,159A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 130394 130563 95.3488 + . seq2;seq2Range=67115,67282;eValue=1.10536e-65;cigar=16M1I54M1D15M1I13M1D41M1D20M1D7M;mutations=17A,73G,87G,154G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 424633 424802 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=48193,48368;eValue=9.46806e-68;cigar=15M1I12M1I15M1I17M1I2M1I34M1I75M;mutations=16G,29T,45A,63A,66A,88A,101G,107T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 557020 557189 95.3757 + . seq2;seq2Range=31576,31743;eValue=3.36273e-66;cigar=27M1I7M1I25M1D34M1D18M1D14M2D1M1I39M;mutations=28A,36G,129C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 43306 43474 95.3216 + . seq2;seq2Range=453450,453617;eValue=3.6334e-65;cigar=5M1I3M1I4M1D93M1D55M1D6M;mutations=4A,6T,10C,78T,137T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 219592 219760 95.3216 + . seq2;seq2Range=395460,395626;eValue=3.6334e-65;cigar=20M1D23M1I66M1I9M2D16M1D31M;mutations=19T,44G,111T,125T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 274065 274233 95.3216 + . seq2;seq2Range=470089,470254;eValue=3.6334e-65;cigar=70M1I27M1D1M1I5M1D25M1D4M1D18M1D14M;mutations=65A,71A,100C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 416579 416747 95.3757 + . seq2;seq2Range=456878,457046;eValue=3.36273e-66;cigar=8M1D27M1D34M1I3M1D4M1I36M1I51M1I1M1D1M;mutations=70G,78T,115C,167G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 39952 40119 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=309371,309538;eValue=1.19433e-64;cigar=44M1D9M1I35M1D33M1I45M;mutations=3T,5G,54G,64G,116A,123G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 469409 469576 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=594461,594626;eValue=1.19433e-64;cigar=2M1I42M1D38M1D49M1I30M2D3M;mutations=3A,5G,133A,138C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 550957 551124 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=676273,676440;eValue=1.19433e-64;cigar=29M1I30M1D1M1I99M1D7M;mutations=30A,37G,62C,90C,99C,104C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 864557 864724 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=400,565;eValue=1.19433e-64;cigar=31M1I8M1D47M1D13M1D7M1D9M1I49M;mutations=32T,62A,95G,117G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 221521 221687 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=16266,16431;eValue=1.19433e-64;cigar=5M1D36M1D48M1D8M1I29M1I1M1I34M1D2M;mutations=98C,126G,128T,130A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 748298 748464 95.2662 + . seq2;seq2Range=861714,861879;eValue=3.92585e-64;cigar=96M1I1M1D14M1I14M1D10M1D29M;mutations=26G,37T,97A,113T,125A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 45976 46141 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=481116,481280;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=25M1I48M1I64M2D10M1D16M;mutations=26T,75G,103T,144T,164G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 640016 640181 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=357531,357694;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=27M1D90M1I10M2D33M1D1M1I1M;mutations=22G,118C,149T,163A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 705146 705311 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=517379,517541;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=4M1D2M1D36M2D62M1I9M1I30M1D18M;mutations=4T,105C,115T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 768758 768923 95.2095 + . seq2;seq2Range=364159,364319;eValue=4.24184e-63;cigar=2M1D14M1D11M1D20M1D50M1D1M1I2M1D60M;mutations=99A,114T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 969412 969577 95.2095 + . seq2;seq2Range=397233,397395;eValue=4.24184e-63;cigar=13M1D1M1D4M1D66M1D32M1I46M;mutations=81G,117C,159C,160A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 66226 66390 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=220607,220771;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=42M1D3M1I22M1I15M1I74M1D4M1D2M;mutations=2A,46A,69C,85A,128G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 146145 146309 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=483425,483590;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=35M1I41M1D12M1D29M1I43M1I3M;mutations=2G,36A,119A,156A,163A,165G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 210034 210198 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=868375,868538;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=1M1D1M1D13M1I1M1I4M1D119M1D21M1I1M;mutations=16A,18C,96T,163A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 884786 884950 95.2662 + . seq2;seq2Range=17185,17350;eValue=3.92585e-64;cigar=19M1D6M1D36M1I15M1I15M1I7M1I21M1D43M;mutations=62C,78T,94G,102C,124T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 66935 67098 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=325949,326112;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=32M1I13M1I20M1D97M1D;mutations=33A,43T,47G,65T,111A,136G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 157761 157924 95.1515 + . seq2;seq2Range=525266,525427;eValue=4.58327e-62;cigar=5M1D7M1D103M1I20M1D26M;mutations=5G,7A,35T,79T,116C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 227832 227995 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=448820,448981;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=37M1D41M1D18M1I20M1D2M1I4M1D38M;mutations=75A,97T,120T,122T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 328145 328308 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=33628,33793;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=2M1I1M1D28M1I32M1I4M1D64M1I31M;mutations=3C,33C,66G,91C,130T,135A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 345709 345872 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=512994,513156;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=5M1D28M1I12M1I42M1D57M1D17M;mutations=34T,47C,52A,78T,122G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 366421 366584 95.1515 + . seq2;seq2Range=389488,389649;eValue=4.58327e-62;cigar=2M1D110M1D15M1I18M1D16M;mutations=19T,88C,96T,128G,131C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 581952 582115 95.1515 + . seq2;seq2Range=599726,599886;eValue=4.58327e-62;cigar=29M1I3M1D65M1D22M1D23M1D18M;mutations=30A,33G,147T,160T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 719289 719452 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=824632,824793;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=49M1D28M1D5M1I17M1D31M1I28M1D2M;mutations=40A,83G,132C,146A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 846534 846697 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=942823,942982;eValue=1.50656e-61;cigar=28M1D35M1D7M1D88M1D2M;mutations=7T,52C,126G,151T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 972646 972809 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=129371,129534;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=16M1I13M1D2M1I86M1D45M;mutations=17A,26G,33G,137G,140G,161C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 158619 158781 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=886119,886278;eValue=1.50656e-61;cigar=34M1D79M1I25M1D7M1D14M1D;mutations=52T,114C,147T,159A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 810501 810663 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=946381,946543;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=8M1I51M1D9M1I18M1D22M1D6M1I46M;mutations=9G,23G,69G,70T,117T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 869735 869897 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=699582,699743;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=12M1D36M1D43M1I7M1I19M1D12M1D29M1I1M;mutations=92T,100T,135A,161G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 938356 938518 95.1515 + . seq2;seq2Range=241312,241472;eValue=4.58327e-62;cigar=26M1D29M1D9M1D42M1I17M1I16M1D20M;mutations=36T,107G,125A,132C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 64119 64280 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=717100,717266;eValue=1.29046e-63;cigar=18M1I43M1I12M1I3M1I14M1D13M1I22M1I36M;mutations=19C,63T,76G,80A,88G,108C,131T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 837810 837971 95.1515 + . seq2;seq2Range=189775,189936;eValue=4.58327e-62;cigar=68M1I12M1D29M1I4M1D14M1D27M1I5M;mutations=19T,69T,111C,127G,157A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 873654 873815 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=759297,759461;eValue=1.39433e-62;cigar=9M1D60M1I3M1I82M2I7M;mutations=70T,74A,106A,157C,158C,161A,163G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 932918 933079 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=108122,108282;eValue=1.50656e-61;cigar=46M1D16M1D7M1D55M1I5M1I30M;mutations=3G,4G,45T,125T,131T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 113574 113733 95.0617 + . seq2;seq2Range=386478,386636;eValue=1.62782e-60;cigar=2M1D51M1D3M1I31M1D41M1I29M;mutations=5T,57T,59C,117G,130A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 374679 374838 95.0617 + . seq2;seq2Range=260948,261105;eValue=1.62782e-60;cigar=6M1D18M1I6M1I20M1D39M1D61M1D6M;mutations=2A,4A,25T,32A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 375622 375781 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=882272,882425;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=18M1I45M1D5M1D21M1D15M1D6M1D3M1D33M1D7M;mutations=19G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 913483 913641 95.092 + . seq2;seq2Range=231183,231344;eValue=4.95218e-61;cigar=3M1I4M1I49M1I19M1D80M1I3M;mutations=3C,4A,9G,49T,59C,145C,159C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 55223 55380 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=18997,19154;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=3M1I25M1D5M1D7M1I32M1I34M1D49M;mutations=4A,42C,75C,94T,101T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 250915 251072 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=267676,267830;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=4M2D42M1I25M1D7M1D33M1D12M1I30M;mutations=47T,86C,125T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 514485 514642 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=950099,950258;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=2M1I43M1I97M1I14M1D1M;mutations=3C,47C,119T,145A,153A,154G,155G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 611971 612128 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=181998,182154;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=2M1D27M1I49M1I1M1D13M1D30M1D31M1I1M;mutations=4G,30G,80C,156T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 689599 689756 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=379903,380057;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=41M1D26M1D21M1D22M1D23M1I9M1I11M1D;mutations=27T,134G,144A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 966093 966250 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=665811,665970;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=5M1I69M1I16M1I57M1D10M;mutations=6C,19T,76T,93A,111A,122G,159C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 318728 318884 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=996824,996984;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=94M1I32M1I25M1I5M1I1M;mutations=21A,95G,124G,128C,133G,154C,155G,160G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 107779 107934 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=304819,304974;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=1M1I1M1D59M1D4M1I34M1I4M1D38M1D3M1I8M;mutations=2G,67T,102C,148G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 114541 114696 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=631926,632079;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=45M1I22M1D79M1D7M1D;mutations=6G,46A,97A,130T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 284241 284396 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=674595,674753;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=2M1I40M1I56M1I25M1D12M1I15M1I1M1D3M;mutations=3T,21G,44A,101C,139A,155A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 621237 621392 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=780976,781128;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=40M1D9M1D39M1I32M1D25M1D7M;mutations=82G,89A,104C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 885857 886012 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=782328,782485;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=2M1I39M1D31M1I19M1I19M1I23M1D21M;mutations=3C,74G,91G,94C,114C,124T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 423258 423412 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=161590,161741;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=1M1D46M1D15M1I3M1D25M1D9M1D37M1I14M;mutations=63C,138T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 571624 571778 95.4838 + . seq2;seq2Range=512505,512656;eValue=1.90042e-58;cigar=80M1D23M1D47M1D2M;mutations=7A,71C,103A,142T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 417666 417819 95.031 + . seq2;seq2Range=468864,469024;eValue=5.35078e-60;cigar=29M1I3M1I16M1I25M1I20M2I59M1I2M;mutations=30A,34C,51G,77A,98C,99T,152T,159A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 654545 654698 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=283616,283769;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=21M2I110M1D7M1D3M1D8M1I2M;mutations=22A,23A,31C,152T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 777439 777592 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=378741,378894;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=24M1D6M1I45M1D9M1I44M1D1M1I22M;mutations=31A,54A,86G,132A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 966949 967102 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=20890,21045;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=87M1I13M1I10M1I27M1D16M;mutations=11C,88C,102G,113A,141C,155G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 44845 44997 95.5128 + . seq2;seq2Range=832718,832870;eValue=5.78147e-59;cigar=2M1D13M1D46M1I50M1D1M1I35M1I3M;mutations=20G,62G,114C,150G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 197247 197399 95.5414 + . seq2;seq2Range=941824,941978;eValue=1.75885e-59;cigar=31M1I1M1I1M1D38M1I31M1I14M1D35M;mutations=20C,32T,34T,74A,106A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 377640 377792 95.4838 + . seq2;seq2Range=930620,930771;eValue=1.90042e-58;cigar=5M1D14M1I14M1D24M1D44M1I49M;mutations=20G,25T,90C,103G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 729592 729744 95.5128 + . seq2;seq2Range=54478,54629;eValue=5.78147e-59;cigar=6M1I28M1I12M1D28M1D37M1D11M1D25M1I2M;mutations=7C,36A,150C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 933475 933627 95.4838 + . seq2;seq2Range=348807,348958;eValue=1.90042e-58;cigar=37M1D9M1I51M1D26M1I24M1D3M;mutations=35C,47C,125A,150C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 963763 963915 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=686289,686436;eValue=6.24682e-58;cigar=35M1D23M1I12M1D1M1D29M1D18M1D29M1D;mutations=59C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 643 794 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=216373,216523;eValue=6.24682e-58;cigar=1M1D67M1D25M1I44M1I8M1D4M;mutations=39T,64C,94G,139C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 150842 150993 95.4838 + . seq2;seq2Range=587764,587915;eValue=1.90042e-58;cigar=15M1D1M1D2M1D62M1I30M1I7M1I32M;mutations=61C,81A,112C,120G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 256457 256608 95.5128 + . seq2;seq2Range=68946,69099;eValue=5.78147e-59;cigar=20M1I24M1D27M1I3M1D23M1I8M1I45M;mutations=21T,73T,100G,107G,109C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 351302 351452 95.4248 + . seq2;seq2Range=950342,950490;eValue=2.05338e-57;cigar=5M1D52M1D24M1I32M1D19M1D10M1I5M;mutations=82A,100C,144G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 297311 297460 95.4838 + . seq2;seq2Range=407506,407659;eValue=1.90042e-58;cigar=36M1D12M1I1M1I16M1I79M1I4M1I1M;mutations=49G,51G,68T,148T,151A,153C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 766247 766396 95.3947 + . seq2;seq2Range=280998,281147;eValue=6.74963e-57;cigar=13M1I36M1D76M1D20M1I3M;mutations=14A,37G,44A,147A,148A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 937043 937192 95.4248 + . seq2;seq2Range=972878,973027;eValue=2.05338e-57;cigar=3M1I13M1I25M1D42M1I20M1D42M1D2M;mutations=4G,13G,18T,86C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 962390 962539 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=757349,757500;eValue=6.24682e-58;cigar=15M1D14M1I43M1I2M1I72M1D1M1I1M;mutations=3G,30A,74A,77G,151A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 96462 96610 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=403609,403760;eValue=6.24682e-58;cigar=62M1I6M1I12M1D9M1I17M1I31M1D2M1I8M;mutations=63A,70C,92T,110T,144C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 827913 828061 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=594697,594841;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=58M1D7M1I2M1D28M1D43M1D6M1D;mutations=66A,144C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 400179 400326 95.302 + . seq2;seq2Range=496978,497122;eValue=2.39724e-55;cigar=8M1D72M1I60M2D1M1D3M;mutations=81A,129C,144C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 519379 519526 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=575238,575385;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=37M1D1M1I35M1I45M1D28M;mutations=2A,39A,75C,127T,147T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 708533 708680 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=763167,763311;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=3M1I18M2D75M1D9M1D19M1I10M1D9M;mutations=4G,126A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 942818 942965 95.302 + . seq2;seq2Range=754416,754560;eValue=2.39724e-55;cigar=70M1I14M2D25M1D28M1D7M;mutations=71A,100A,127C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 329859 330005 95.2702 + . seq2;seq2Range=916219,916363;eValue=7.87992e-55;cigar=74M1D10M1I44M1D16M1D;mutations=38T,85C,89G,120T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 406734 406880 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=505917,506063;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=23M1I14M1D4M1I28M1D19M1D17M1I39M;mutations=24A,43G,108A,119G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 490129 490275 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=10456,10601;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=23M1D16M1I29M1I8M1D36M1I1M1D20M1D10M;mutations=40G,70C,115C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 951214 951360 95.3333 + . seq2;seq2Range=29646,29793;eValue=7.29291e-56;cigar=10M1I28M1D12M1I37M1D52M1I6M;mutations=11A,52G,114A,142A,144C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 118921 119066 95.2054 + . seq2;seq2Range=873813,873953;eValue=8.51418e-54;cigar=5M1D3M1D5M1D25M1D100M1D3M;mutations=4T,115G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 138464 138608 95.2702 + . seq2;seq2Range=705002,705146;eValue=7.87992e-55;cigar=4M1I47M1I3M1D14M1I37M1D2M1D35M;mutations=4G,5T,53G,71G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 260969 261113 95.302 + . seq2;seq2Range=34161,34308;eValue=2.39724e-55;cigar=9M1I25M1I2M1I4M1I20M1D84M;mutations=10G,20G,36A,39A,44G,81C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 356135 356279 95.302 + . seq2;seq2Range=683665,683810;eValue=2.39724e-55;cigar=9M1I24M1I27M1D24M1I13M1D29M1D6M1I10M;mutations=10G,35C,87T,136G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 448280 448424 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=85520,85663;eValue=2.59019e-54;cigar=27M1D24M1D48M1D8M1I9M1I26M;mutations=20A,47C,108G,118C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 722217 722361 95.2702 + . seq2;seq2Range=213233,213378;eValue=7.87992e-55;cigar=21M1I9M1D30M1D2M1I10M1I71M;mutations=22C,51A,64G,75G,105G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 869162 869306 95.2054 + . seq2;seq2Range=706350,706492;eValue=8.51418e-54;cigar=19M1I1M1D81M1D8M1D33M;mutations=3G,14T,19T,20T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 474394 474537 95.2054 + . seq2;seq2Range=635965,636105;eValue=8.51418e-54;cigar=9M1I2M1D13M1I12M1D100M1D1M1D1M1D1M;mutations=10C,26A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 750054 750197 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=476392,476534;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=26M1I95M1D7M1D14M;mutations=2G,25G,27C,55T,106A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 820082 820225 95.2702 + . seq2;seq2Range=724511,724655;eValue=7.87992e-55;cigar=4M2I18M1I16M1I15M1D21M2D67M;mutations=5G,6A,25C,42C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 271761 271903 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=119080,119220;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=30M1D27M1I12M1D16M1D55M;mutations=17T,58T,138G,139A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 543397 543539 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=249969,250108;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=28M1I31M1I21M1D3M1D18M1D10M1D26M1D1M;mutations=29C,61T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 636211 636353 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=853255,853397;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=61M1D17M1D59M1I2M1I2M;mutations=87A,102T,118A,138A,141C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 751334 751476 95.2054 + . seq2;seq2Range=279609,279752;eValue=8.51418e-54;cigar=21M1D23M1D34M1I61M1I1M1I1M;mutations=79G,83T,118G,141G,143T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 862439 862581 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=325115,325255;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=93M1D14M1I30M1D2M1D1M;mutations=34T,60T,108T,124T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 946021 946163 95.2702 + . seq2;seq2Range=819262,819409;eValue=7.87992e-55;cigar=11M1I8M1I39M1I20M1I59M1I6M;mutations=5C,12T,21G,61A,68A,82G,142A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 63569 63710 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=4433,4572;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=2M1D19M1D7M1D45M1I8M1D33M1I24M;mutations=74A,116T,132G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 100678 100819 95.1048 + . seq2;seq2Range=932456,932596;eValue=3.02395e-52;cigar=4M1D58M1D69M1I9M;mutations=3G,30G,61A,108C,132C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 771550 771691 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=595774,595915;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=13M1D6M1I47M1I54M1I4M1D15M1D;mutations=3T,20A,68T,123C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 776533 776674 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=8510,8653;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=41M1I23M1I26M1I20M1D31M;mutations=29T,33T,42A,63A,66A,93C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 890405 890546 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=155776,155914;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=16M1D30M1I30M1D5M1D22M1I34M2D;mutations=47C,105G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 5114 5254 95.1724 + . seq2;seq2Range=375384,375528;eValue=2.79868e-53;cigar=4M1I21M1I68M1I46M1I2M;mutations=5G,15T,27T,46T,96A,138T,143T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 655831 655971 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=242013,242154;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=4M1D27M1I2M1I4M1D71M1I31M;mutations=3G,32T,35G,45T,111T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 694055 694195 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=229394,229535;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=24M1I39M1I35M1D19M1I20M1D2M;mutations=11A,25G,65G,102A,120G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 278581 278720 95.0704 + . seq2;seq2Range=207858,207996;eValue=9.93995e-52;cigar=2M1D13M1D7M1I5M1D102M1I8M;mutations=10T,23C,64G,131G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 285360 285499 95.0354 + . seq2;seq2Range=991329,991466;eValue=3.26734e-51;cigar=57M1I18M1D36M1D23M1D3M;mutations=24T,58C,134C,137G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 393236 393375 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=793042,793182;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=1M1D1M1I50M1I30M2D17M1I37M1I1M;mutations=3A,54A,102A,140G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 450984 451123 95.1388 + . seq2;seq2Range=802955,803096;eValue=9.19948e-53;cigar=3M1I57M2I7M1I22M1D35M1D14M;mutations=4G,62C,63C,66T,71T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 712264 712403 95.0704 + . seq2;seq2Range=905599,905735;eValue=9.93995e-52;cigar=17M1D40M1D2M1D9M1D23M1I22M1I18M1D4M;mutations=92C,115A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 953246 953385 95.1048 + . seq2;seq2Range=91563,91703;eValue=3.02395e-52;cigar=1M1D28M1D34M1I19M1I23M1I33M;mutations=7C,23G,64C,84C,108A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 178474 178612 95.0354 + . seq2;seq2Range=217436,217572;eValue=3.26734e-51;cigar=10M1I29M1D30M2D65M1I1M1D;mutations=11C,120G,136T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 539088 539226 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=713053,713189;eValue=1.074e-50;cigar=26M1D52M1D1M1D17M1I40M;mutations=30C,97G,132G,133C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 542656 542794 95.0704 + . seq2;seq2Range=77405,77544;eValue=9.93995e-52;cigar=2M1I43M1D63M1I16M1D3M1I10M;mutations=3C,19G,76T,110T,130C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 835686 835824 95.0704 + . seq2;seq2Range=205710,205848;eValue=9.93995e-52;cigar=47M1D8M1I9M1D6M1D26M1I38M1I2M;mutations=21A,56G,98C,137A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 490769 490906 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=90238,90375;eValue=1.074e-50;cigar=1M1I43M1I24M1D43M1D25M;mutations=2C,46G,56A,104T,137G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 938985 939122 95.1048 + . seq2;seq2Range=496837,496978;eValue=3.02395e-52;cigar=2M1D50M1I23M1I41M1I15M2I6M;mutations=5C,53C,77G,119C,135A,136A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 37109 37245 95.0704 + . seq2;seq2Range=711127,711267;eValue=9.93995e-52;cigar=5M1I58M1I21M1I10M1D24M1I4M1I14M;mutations=4T,6A,65G,87T,122A,127T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 530941 531076 95.6204 + . seq2;seq2Range=345138,345271;eValue=1.074e-50;cigar=62M1D6M1D54M1I11M1D;mutations=66T,94C,123C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 710550 710685 95.0354 + . seq2;seq2Range=943825,943964;eValue=3.26734e-51;cigar=2M1I1M1I4M1I1M1I20M1I44M1D63M;mutations=3T,5C,7T,10C,12A,33A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 49750 49884 95.6204 + . seq2;seq2Range=957997,958130;eValue=1.074e-50;cigar=10M1D59M1I2M1I15M1D27M1D19M;mutations=25C,70G,73G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 263127 263261 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=692416,692547;eValue=3.53033e-50;cigar=24M1D35M1D45M1D14M1I9M1D4M;mutations=108T,119C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 532173 532307 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=38508,38641;eValue=3.53033e-50;cigar=25M1I21M1D70M1D17M;mutations=26T,71A,78A,93C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 674934 675067 95.5555 + . seq2;seq2Range=292264,292396;eValue=1.16045e-49;cigar=41M1D56M1I32M1D3M;mutations=33C,98C,103T,128T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 832221 832354 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=628500,628632;eValue=3.53033e-50;cigar=2M1D58M1I40M1D14M1I10M1D7M;mutations=61G,116A,121C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 573085 573217 95.5555 + . seq2;seq2Range=3263,3396;eValue=1.16045e-49;cigar=8M1D48M1I2M1I74M;mutations=46A,57C,60A,102T,116T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 112881 113012 95.4887 + . seq2;seq2Range=13330,13458;eValue=1.25385e-48;cigar=4M1D47M1D47M1D16M1D10M1I4M;mutations=125C,128G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 247950 248081 95.5555 + . seq2;seq2Range=139731,139864;eValue=1.16045e-49;cigar=24M1I35M1I49M1D1M1I22M;mutations=25G,38G,40C,61T,112T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 461991 462122 95.5223 + . seq2;seq2Range=24609,24740;eValue=3.81449e-49;cigar=22M1D41M1D27M1I8M1I32M;mutations=39T,91G,100T,101C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 260439 260569 95.4887 + . seq2;seq2Range=297449,297578;eValue=1.25385e-48;cigar=11M1D1M1D44M1I7M1D7M1I58M;mutations=34A,57C,72G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 502263 502393 95.4887 + . seq2;seq2Range=382067,382198;eValue=1.25385e-48;cigar=3M1I51M1D57M1I19M;mutations=4C,37A,39T,113G,116C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 522583 522713 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=762436,762563;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=12M1D56M1D4M1D56M;mutations=19G,57A,76A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 595483 595613 95.5223 + . seq2;seq2Range=402361,402491;eValue=3.81449e-49;cigar=38M1I5M1D34M1I4M1I20M1D26M1D1M;mutations=39G,79T,84A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 941150 941280 95.4887 + . seq2;seq2Range=535828,535958;eValue=1.25385e-48;cigar=36M1D52M1D5M1I8M1I28M;mutations=94G,95C,103C,125G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 997152 997282 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=500351,500479;eValue=4.12152e-48;cigar=11M1I17M1D53M1D17M1D30M;mutations=12T,76C,103T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 872037 872166 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=227864,227991;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=38M1D20M1D24M1D5M1I40M;mutations=15G,88G,102A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 629655 629783 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=878848,878978;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=38M1I38M1I53M;mutations=39T,64A,78T,101C,119G,130A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 943334 943462 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=447731,447858;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=1M1I71M1D8M1I14M1D1M1D31M;mutations=2T,82G,110A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 962004 962132 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=609230,609358;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=8M1D12M1D13M1I66M1I28M;mutations=27C,34G,78T,101G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 306843 306970 95.4887 + . seq2;seq2Range=908106,908237;eValue=1.25385e-48;cigar=8M1I5M1I11M1I61M1I6M1I6M1D30M;mutations=9C,15G,27G,89G,96G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 789186 789313 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=945426,945554;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=4M1D35M1I31M1I7M1I12M1D37M;mutations=40C,72G,76A,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 307699 307825 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=289216,289338;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=43M1D32M1D46M2D2M;mutations=8C,100G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 516921 517047 95.4198 + . seq2;seq2Range=711530,711658;eValue=1.35478e-47;cigar=14M2I56M1I7M1I8M1D36M1D4M;mutations=15A,16G,73T,81C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 589624 589750 95.3488 + . seq2;seq2Range=965778,965905;eValue=1.46382e-46;cigar=29M1D69M1I21M1I7M;mutations=5A,6A,66G,99T,121C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 613789 613915 95.3488 + . seq2;seq2Range=747045,747171;eValue=1.46382e-46;cigar=15M1I98M1I4M1D7M1D1M;mutations=16G,47A,56A,115T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 241343 241468 95.3488 + . seq2;seq2Range=804139,804265;eValue=1.46382e-46;cigar=50M1D11M1I8M1D20M1I34M1I1M;mutations=17T,62C,91G,126A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 815790 815915 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=746792,746919;eValue=4.81171e-46;cigar=73M1I15M1I38M;mutations=22T,72A,74G,76G,90G,122C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 879730 879855 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=51159,51283;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=32M1D26M1I62M1D4M;mutations=12T,36G,59C,120G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 742015 742139 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=236208,236331;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=29M1D15M1I23M1D46M1I8M1D1M;mutations=34A,45G,115T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 822857 822981 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=666506,666631;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=38M1I24M1D30M1I32M;mutations=8G,19A,39G,94A,96C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 845355 845479 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=841615,841741;eValue=4.81171e-46;cigar=3M1I14M1I28M1I15M1D64M;mutations=4G,19A,35C,48A,109T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 931171 931295 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=723373,723498;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=1M1D48M1I5M1I70M;mutations=14C,45T,50G,56A,120C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 19031 19154 95.2 + . seq2;seq2Range=153294,153413;eValue=1.70895e-44;cigar=47M1I32M1D36M3D1M1D3M;mutations=48G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 625995 626118 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=925232,925355;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=4M2I42M1D6M1I26M1D30M1D13M;mutations=5G,6T,55A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 727096 727219 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=817940,818059;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=1M1D7M1D18M1D57M1D37M;mutations=103C,115T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 768402 768525 95.2 + . seq2;seq2Range=426537,426656;eValue=1.70895e-44;cigar=2M1I3M1D32M1D51M1D2M1D28M1D1M;mutations=3C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 771849 771972 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=144198,144320;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=84M1D39M;mutations=4A,5T,7C,50A,66A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 172506 172628 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=824218,824341;eValue=5.199e-45;cigar=21M1I5M1I74M1D19M1D1M1I1M;mutations=22G,28G,43G,123G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 532027 532149 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=455105,455228;eValue=5.199e-45;cigar=7M1D2M1I7M1I2M1I102M1D1M;mutations=10T,18C,21T,81A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 624938 625060 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=923087,923208;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=56M1I12M1D25M1D28M;mutations=14C,57C,58C,71T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 687816 687937 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=868859,868976;eValue=1.84651e-43;cigar=5M1I22M1D5M1D26M1D44M1D13M1D2M;mutations=6T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 938061 938182 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=924282,924403;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=9M1D4M1I31M1I76M1D;mutations=14G,46T,57G,121C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 946564 946685 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=616679,616798;eValue=1.84651e-43;cigar=4M1D8M1D45M1D36M1I26M;mutations=2C,84C,94G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 39779 39899 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=828242,828363;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=47M1I8M1I7M1D26M1I27M1D4M;mutations=48G,54C,57G,91C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 291039 291159 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=46123,46246;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=67M1I11M1I42M1I1M;mutations=68T,74C,80T,87A,118T,123G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 371302 371422 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=275836,275954;eValue=1.84651e-43;cigar=39M1D21M1I6M1D4M1I15M1D31M1D1M;mutations=61A,72C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 618235 618355 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=110400,110521;eValue=5.61747e-44;cigar=62M1I12M1I8M1D4M1D32M1I1M;mutations=20A,63G,76C,121G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 697349 697469 95.2755 + . seq2;seq2Range=157917,158043;eValue=1.58165e-45;cigar=3M1I24M1I11M1I4M1I2M1I66M1I11M;mutations=4T,29G,41G,46A,49A,116G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 538024 538143 95.0413 + . seq2;seq2Range=833354,833469;eValue=1.99513e-42;cigar=47M1I5M1D57M1D1M2D5M1D;mutations=48C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 802309 802428 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=806677,806797;eValue=1.84651e-43;cigar=28M1I51M1I15M1D15M1D8M1I1M;mutations=29C,81C,115G,120C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 885519 885638 95.0413 + . seq2;seq2Range=132204,132322;eValue=1.99513e-42;cigar=68M1D24M1I10M1D16M;mutations=15T,21T,71C,93T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 131943 132061 95.0413 + . seq2;seq2Range=761156,761272;eValue=1.99513e-42;cigar=31M1I2M1I5M1D8M1D36M1D33M1D;mutations=32C,35A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 957308 957426 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=537718,537837;eValue=6.06962e-43;cigar=3M1D1M1D14M1I37M1I61M1I1M;mutations=19C,57A,105A,119G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 580902 581019 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=351103,351220;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=1M1I2M1D43M1I54M1D16M;mutations=2G,26G,48A,59A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 894251 894368 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=59775,59891;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=23M1I6M1D6M1I70M1D9M1D1M;mutations=24T,37T,114G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 911067 911184 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=755685,755802;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=6M1I52M1D27M1D27M1I4M;mutations=7A,29A,114A,116A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 578255 578371 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=836445,836558;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=5M1D64M1D17M1D28M;mutations=41T,60C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 688442 688557 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=582320,582435;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=13M1I89M1D13M;mutations=3T,14C,36C,58A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 872638 872753 95.7627 + . seq2;seq2Range=548279,548395;eValue=1.99513e-42;cigar=1M1D22M1I23M1I69M;mutations=24T,48C,59C,66G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 963168 963283 95.6896 + . seq2;seq2Range=47468,47578;eValue=2.15572e-41;cigar=14M1D8M1D22M1D6M1D60M1D1M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 73791 73905 95.6896 + . seq2;seq2Range=955446,955560;eValue=2.15572e-41;cigar=57M1I12M1D45M;mutations=4A,11C,58A,67T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 609182 609296 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=19354,19469;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=49M1D10M1I5M1I50M;mutations=2G,46T,60T,66G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 782060 782174 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=975020,975134;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=8M1I18M1D11M1I3M1D73M;mutations=9G,15G,39G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 30439 30552 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=894466,894577;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=3M1D3M1D31M1I43M1D31M;mutations=38A,65T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 301577 301690 95.6896 + . seq2;seq2Range=785411,785524;eValue=2.15572e-41;cigar=2M1I4M1I48M1D13M1D45M;mutations=3T,8T,71A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 698487 698600 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=21835,21946;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=6M1D8M1D35M1I23M1D39M;mutations=50A,66G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 777018 777131 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=253336,253448;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=70M1I27M1D15M1D;mutations=49C,69C,71T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 891093 891206 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=228353,228467;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=24M2I68M1D12M1I6M1D2M;mutations=25T,26A,107G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 950479 950592 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=974232,974347;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=1M1I51M1D3M1I52M1I6M;mutations=2A,43T,57A,110T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 966511 966624 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=388665,388776;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=15M1D6M1I3M1D23M1D64M;mutations=22C,25A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 42312 42424 95.614 + . seq2;seq2Range=12457,12568;eValue=2.32924e-40;cigar=16M1I5M1D47M1D43M;mutations=2C,9G,17C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 51225 51337 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=391757,391870;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=30M1I25M1I23M1D34M;mutations=19T,31A,57C,62G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 246943 247055 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=569446,569556;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=40M1D57M1D14M;mutations=15A,60G,73A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 253397 253509 95.614 + . seq2;seq2Range=946260,946372;eValue=2.32924e-40;cigar=30M1D66M1I16M;mutations=25A,44G,64C,97A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 361576 361688 95.6896 + . seq2;seq2Range=435823,435938;eValue=2.15572e-41;cigar=15M1I46M1I47M1I5M;mutations=16C,56A,63C,82G,111G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 566078 566190 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=525530,525642;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=15M1I25M1I58M1D10M1D3M;mutations=16A,41G,42A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 576064 576176 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=331188,331297;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=5M1D16M1D66M1D23M;mutations=5T,44T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 606186 606298 95.7264 + . seq2;seq2Range=100686,100802;eValue=6.55817e-42;cigar=2M1I15M1I24M1I19M1I53M;mutations=3A,19A,44T,64T,93A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 50586 50697 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=859373,859486;eValue=7.08604e-41;cigar=21M1I1M1D9M1I51M1I29M;mutations=22A,33C,85T,113C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 82267 82378 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=396984,397094;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=5M1D40M1D9M1I56M;mutations=3T,4C,55G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 333517 333628 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=762219,762327;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=9M1I19M1D31M1D10M1D38M1D1M;mutations=10C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 360098 360209 95.614 + . seq2;seq2Range=372184,372295;eValue=2.32924e-40;cigar=2M1I9M1D22M1I30M1D47M;mutations=3A,35A,62T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 408769 408880 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=6968,7078;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=4M1D70M1D6M1I30M;mutations=81G,93C,99A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 744193 744304 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=454865,454977;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=98M1I14M;mutations=16C,17C,35T,99A,112C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 99996 100106 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=298278,298389;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=12M1D6M1I87M1I5M;mutations=19C,40A,103C,107A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 206095 206205 95.5752 + . seq2;seq2Range=930499,930608;eValue=7.65639e-40;cigar=25M1I12M1I3M1D3M1D33M1D32M;mutations=26A,39G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 458536 458646 95.4954 + . seq2;seq2Range=419674,419780;eValue=8.27266e-39;cigar=1M1D1M1D12M1D76M1D17M;mutations=32T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 701012 701122 95.5357 + . seq2;seq2Range=728372,728480;eValue=2.51672e-39;cigar=27M1D7M1I27M1D30M1D17M;mutations=35G,59T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 980067 980177 95.4954 + . seq2;seq2Range=499727,499833;eValue=8.27266e-39;cigar=73M1D20M1D7M1D7M1D;mutations=84C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 471522 471631 95.5357 + . seq2;seq2Range=645303,645411;eValue=2.51672e-39;cigar=2M1D15M1I10M1I18M1D56M1D6M;mutations=18C,29A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 9094 9202 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=979181,979289;eValue=2.71929e-38;cigar=64M1I30M1D14M;mutations=65A,69C,89T,99T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 254770 254878 95.4954 + . seq2;seq2Range=443319,443427;eValue=8.27266e-39;cigar=1M1I24M1D10M1I52M1D20M;mutations=2T,37A,90T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 431092 431200 95.4128 + . seq2;seq2Range=448553,448658;eValue=8.93853e-38;cigar=50M2D54M1D2M;mutations=34C,86T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 582468 582576 95.5357 + . seq2;seq2Range=108530,108639;eValue=2.51672e-39;cigar=2M1D45M1D5M1I20M1I8M1I27M;mutations=53C,74C,83T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 905226 905334 95.4128 + . seq2;seq2Range=831534,831640;eValue=8.93853e-38;cigar=8M1D22M1D77M;mutations=30C,73T,79A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 133536 133642 95.4128 + . seq2;seq2Range=525752,525859;eValue=8.93853e-38;cigar=51M1D26M1I24M1I5M;mutations=64A,78T,98G,103A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 628841 628947 95.3271 + . seq2;seq2Range=774441,774544;eValue=9.65799e-37;cigar=50M1D2M1D20M1D32M;mutations=21T,62T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 33377 33482 95.3703 + . seq2;seq2Range=70066,70170;eValue=2.93817e-37;cigar=16M1D1M1I11M1I45M1D30M1D;mutations=18G,30A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 142351 142456 95.4128 + . seq2;seq2Range=743717,743823;eValue=8.93853e-38;cigar=29M1I2M1D56M1D2M1I12M1I3M;mutations=30A,91C,104G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 194705 194810 95.3271 + . seq2;seq2Range=424757,424859;eValue=9.65799e-37;cigar=1M1D1M1D18M1D37M1D43M1I2M;mutations=101C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 235821 235926 95.3271 + . seq2;seq2Range=215010,215114;eValue=9.65799e-37;cigar=68M1D11M1D22M1I3M;mutations=54A,57A,102A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 686039 686144 95.4128 + . seq2;seq2Range=22554,22661;eValue=8.93853e-38;cigar=9M1I17M1D10M1I68M1I1M;mutations=10A,19T,38A,107C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 323383 323487 95.283 + . seq2;seq2Range=181323,181426;eValue=3.17466e-36;cigar=42M1D40M1I20M1D1M;mutations=3G,4G,83G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 378683 378787 95.3703 + . seq2;seq2Range=841846,841952;eValue=2.93817e-37;cigar=22M1D17M1I2M1I4M1I59M;mutations=40C,43A,48C,82T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 395153 395257 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=457556,457665;eValue=2.71929e-38;cigar=45M2I3M1I33M1I23M1I1M;mutations=46T,47C,51G,85G,109T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 163906 164009 95.283 + . seq2;seq2Range=262045,262148;eValue=3.17466e-36;cigar=18M1I1M1D23M1D52M1I8M;mutations=19C,65A,96T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 472414 472517 95.3703 + . seq2;seq2Range=166215,166321;eValue=2.93817e-37;cigar=22M1I3M1I30M1I3M1I45M1D;mutations=23A,27T,58T,62G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 514903 515006 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=138449,138550;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=35M1D5M1I5M1D22M1D34M;mutations=41A,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 564802 564905 95.3271 + . seq2;seq2Range=294508,294612;eValue=9.65799e-37;cigar=1M1D5M1D36M1I12M1I35M1I13M;mutations=43G,56T,92G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 764362 764465 95.3271 + . seq2;seq2Range=222795,222900;eValue=9.65799e-37;cigar=2M1D18M1I1M1I20M1I62M;mutations=13C,21C,23C,44T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 205335 205437 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=130098,130197;eValue=1.12753e-34;cigar=17M1D4M1D27M1D52M;mutations=47C,68G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 394322 394424 95.283 + . seq2;seq2Range=669196,669300;eValue=3.17466e-36;cigar=4M1I34M1I50M1I13M1D1M;mutations=5T,7A,40G,91A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 588601 588703 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=193447,193548;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=3M1D15M1I7M1D25M1I49M1D1M;mutations=19G,52A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 928819 928921 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=825197,825298;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=2M1D41M1I26M1D14M1I16M1D1M;mutations=44G,85T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 432526 432627 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=130661,130764;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=23M1I14M1I36M1I21M1D7M;mutations=24T,39A,76T,80T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 533106 533207 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=571262,571364;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=20M1D9M1I27M1I42M1I1M1D1M;mutations=30T,58C,101G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 76729 76829 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=20097,20197;eValue=1.12753e-34;cigar=23M1I5M1D26M1I29M1D16M;mutations=24G,56T,58A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 782761 782861 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=39456,39560;eValue=1.04354e-35;cigar=1M1I1M1I63M1I13M1I23M;mutations=2T,4C,35T,68C,82G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 850912 851012 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=976707,976805;eValue=3.70629e-34;cigar=17M1D4M1D32M1D13M1I32M;mutations=35A,67G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 929671 929771 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=534406,534506;eValue=1.12753e-34;cigar=6M1I35M1D38M1I13M1D7M;mutations=7G,20T,81G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 958115 958215 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=734198,734298;eValue=1.12753e-34;cigar=26M1D3M1D30M1I23M1I17M;mutations=60T,73C,84C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 160221 160320 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=385024,385122;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=52M1D4M1D41M1I1M;mutations=57C,92C,98A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 255658 255757 95.1923 + . seq2;seq2Range=619800,619903;eValue=3.43019e-35;cigar=4M2I21M1I15M1I60M;mutations=4C,5G,6T,28T,44A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 519774 519873 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=478018,478114;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=5M1D15M1D24M1I50M1D1M1D1M;mutations=45G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 589520 589619 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=859713,859812;eValue=3.70629e-34;cigar=22M1I1M1D29M1I44M1D2M;mutations=23C,54T,99C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 603735 603834 95.1456 + . seq2;seq2Range=815052,815152;eValue=1.12753e-34;cigar=9M1I47M1D21M1I18M1D2M1I1M;mutations=10A,79G,100G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 646885 646984 95.098 + . seq2;seq2Range=437623,437721;eValue=3.70629e-34;cigar=11M1I35M1D6M1I44M2D1M;mutations=12T,54G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 739276 739375 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=268529,268625;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=10M1D67M1D19M1D1M;mutations=46C,72G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 773637 773736 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=797773,797870;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=19M1D57M1D22M;mutations=49G,74T,96C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 336836 336934 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=163204,163302;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=21M1I2M1D47M1D26M1I1M;mutations=22T,95A,98T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 343982 344080 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=521219,521319;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=19M1I15M1I65M;mutations=3C,20T,29A,34C,36G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 480330 480428 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=661722,661819;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=69M1D5M1D20M1I3M;mutations=65A,95C,96C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 555418 555516 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=121398,121497;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=87M1I12M;mutations=58T,81T,88C,97A,99A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 590734 590831 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=720431,720531;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=16M1I75M2I7M;mutations=17T,93A,94C,96G,97G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 683698 683795 95.9183 + . seq2;seq2Range=887645,887740;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=64M1D26M1D6M;mutations=58G,77A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 944533 944630 95.0495 + . seq2;seq2Range=494953,495052;eValue=1.21829e-33;cigar=12M1I35M1D46M1I1M1I3M;mutations=13A,45G,95A,97G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 428384 428480 95.8762 + . seq2;seq2Range=179491,179583;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=67M2D5M1D15M1D6M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 261779 261873 95.7894 + . seq2;seq2Range=561660,561750;eValue=4.32694e-32;cigar=5M1D39M2D45M1D2M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 289080 289174 95.7894 + . seq2;seq2Range=515775,515868;eValue=4.32694e-32;cigar=77M1D17M;mutations=39G,50A,52A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 320094 320188 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=703332,703426;eValue=1.31635e-32;cigar=61M1D29M1I4M;mutations=18T,52T,91G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 347102 347196 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=603446,603539;eValue=1.31635e-32;cigar=55M1D15M1D10M1I13M;mutations=50T,81T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 678348 678442 95.7894 + . seq2;seq2Range=246070,246162;eValue=4.32694e-32;cigar=17M1D15M1D61M;mutations=60C,72T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 911413 911507 95.8762 + . seq2;seq2Range=49193,49287;eValue=4.00461e-33;cigar=3M2I62M1D26M1D2M;mutations=4T,5C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 119926 120019 95.7894 + . seq2;seq2Range=899394,899486;eValue=4.32694e-32;cigar=18M1I43M1D30M1D1M;mutations=19C,59A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 152933 153025 95.7446 + . seq2;seq2Range=787257,787347;eValue=1.4223e-31;cigar=41M1D23M1D11M1I14M1D1M;mutations=76T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 159265 159357 95.7446 + . seq2;seq2Range=992749,992839;eValue=1.4223e-31;cigar=6M1D24M1D27M1D22M1I11M;mutations=80G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 802887 802979 95.7894 + . seq2;seq2Range=895976,896069;eValue=4.32694e-32;cigar=1M1I6M1D65M1I20M;mutations=2A,74G,76G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 820931 821023 95.7446 + . seq2;seq2Range=461888,461978;eValue=1.4223e-31;cigar=77M1I5M1D2M1D3M1D3M;mutations=78A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 331108 331199 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=602088,602175;eValue=1.53678e-30;cigar=9M1D1M1D4M1D74M1D;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 510371 510462 95.6989 + . seq2;seq2Range=835922,836013;eValue=4.67522e-31;cigar=59M1I21M1D11M;mutations=54C,60A,89G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 718211 718302 95.7446 + . seq2;seq2Range=432541,432633;eValue=1.4223e-31;cigar=2M1D13M1I75M1I1M;mutations=16T,84G,92T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 430674 430764 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=373572,373661;eValue=1.53678e-30;cigar=21M1I15M1D14M1D39M;mutations=22C,88G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 357746 357835 95.6043 + . seq2;seq2Range=379417,379505;eValue=5.05153e-30;cigar=6M1I42M1D3M1D37M;mutations=7C,87G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 563468 563557 95.6989 + . seq2;seq2Range=912455,912547;eValue=4.67522e-31;cigar=1M1I29M1I59M1I1M;mutations=2A,26A,32G,92C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 620076 620165 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=819155,819244;eValue=1.53678e-30;cigar=21M1I8M1D22M1I1M1D36M;mutations=22T,53T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 773464 773553 95.5555 + . seq2;seq2Range=853014,853099;eValue=1.66048e-29;cigar=2M1D58M1D24M1D2M1D;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 958258 958347 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=355282,355373;eValue=1.53678e-30;cigar=9M1I7M1I74M;mutations=9T,10A,17G,18G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 997308 997397 95.5555 + . seq2;seq2Range=677925,678010;eValue=1.66048e-29;cigar=44M1D18M1D6M1D8M1D10M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 67160 67248 95.5056 + . seq2;seq2Range=310709,310793;eValue=5.45812e-29;cigar=18M1D30M1D28M2D9M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 867736 867824 95.6043 + . seq2;seq2Range=371169,371258;eValue=5.05153e-30;cigar=2M1I38M1I38M1D10M;mutations=3C,28C,42C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 443484 443571 95.6043 + . seq2;seq2Range=612774,612863;eValue=5.05153e-30;cigar=41M1D22M1I12M1I11M1I1M;mutations=64C,77G,89A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 329478 329564 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=126951,127037;eValue=1.79413e-28;cigar=30M1D53M1I3M;mutations=76A,84T,86G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 476897 476983 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=82175,82261;eValue=1.79413e-28;cigar=68M1I13M1D5M;mutations=69A,70C,81G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 803631 803717 95.4022 + . seq2;seq2Range=136934,137018;eValue=5.89745e-28;cigar=82M1D3M1D;mutations=7T,38A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 117768 117853 95.5056 + . seq2;seq2Range=6635,6723;eValue=5.45812e-29;cigar=20M1I21M1I12M1I33M;mutations=21C,43T,56T,86C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 801465 801550 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=943627,943712;eValue=1.79413e-28;cigar=1M1D8M1I46M1I6M1D23M;mutations=10A,57C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 170738 170822 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=707195,707275;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=1M1D12M1D20M1D41M1D7M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 562942 563026 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=958985,959071;eValue=1.79413e-28;cigar=4M1I2M1D42M1I25M1I11M;mutations=5G,50T,76G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 762855 762939 95.4022 + . seq2;seq2Range=251893,251978;eValue=5.89745e-28;cigar=25M1I31M1I13M1D15M;mutations=26T,50G,58C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 797831 797915 95.4022 + . seq2;seq2Range=888025,888109;eValue=5.89745e-28;cigar=9M1I12M1I6M1D24M1D32M;mutations=10T,23G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 231918 232001 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=363068,363151;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=32M1I49M1D2M;mutations=33T,36C,53G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 268969 269052 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=800044,800127;eValue=2.09457e-26;cigar=84M;mutations=27T,45T,80A,82C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 760705 760788 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=443684,443767;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=25M1I58M1D;mutations=6A,26G,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 822238 822321 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=110287,110369;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=17M1D31M1D7M1I27M;mutations=56T,77A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 945147 945230 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=33158,33240;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=10M1D29M1I40M1D3M;mutations=3G,40G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 952425 952508 95.4022 + . seq2;seq2Range=419793,419878;eValue=5.89745e-28;cigar=1M1D34M1I11M1I12M1I25M;mutations=36G,48G,61C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 94819 94901 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=81041,81121;eValue=6.88503e-26;cigar=24M1D26M1D31M;mutations=9G,27G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 176204 176286 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=683909,683993;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=13M1I69M1I1M;mutations=14A,32T,72G,84A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 276223 276305 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=351848,351930;eValue=2.09457e-26;cigar=13M1I62M1D7M;mutations=14C,63G,79C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 396942 397024 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=578019,578100;eValue=2.09457e-26;cigar=51M1D10M1I6M1D14M;mutations=62G,78C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 734682 734764 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=912246,912328;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=17M1I22M1D31M1D8M1I3M;mutations=18T,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 818651 818733 95.3488 + . seq2;seq2Range=712552,712636;eValue=1.93854e-27;cigar=3M1D2M1I69M1I3M1I5M;mutations=6C,76A,80C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 903607 903689 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=870582,870662;eValue=6.88503e-26;cigar=1M1D71M1D9M;mutations=37T,57G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 34400 34481 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=220326,220407;eValue=2.09457e-26;cigar=39M1I2M1D13M1I21M1D5M;mutations=40A,56C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 579634 579715 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=211129,211208;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=6M1D9M1D65M;mutations=11G,42G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 672279 672360 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=692201,692284;eValue=2.09457e-26;cigar=22M1I24M1I36M;mutations=23G,48T,80A,83G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 879471 879552 95.2941 + . seq2;seq2Range=332155,332238;eValue=6.37214e-27;cigar=3M1I36M1D10M1I18M1I14M;mutations=4G,51G,70G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 953724 953805 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=41055,41136;eValue=6.88503e-26;cigar=2M1I21M1D58M;mutations=3T,55T,69A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 72846 72926 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=283452,283530;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=10M1I35M2D31M1D2M;mutations=11T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 107158 107238 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=633889,633971;eValue=6.88503e-26;cigar=34M1I26M1I21M;mutations=3C,35A,62G,67C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 404799 404879 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=905409,905489;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=4M1D35M1I41M;mutations=3A,40G,43T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 502523 502603 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=730370,730449;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=3M1I42M1D32M1D2M;mutations=4A,34T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 918917 918997 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=282972,283051;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=28M1D27M1D20M1I4M;mutations=42C,76A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 396438 396517 95.0617 + . seq2;seq2Range=215482,215560;eValue=7.43921e-25;cigar=21M1D37M1I18M1D2M;mutations=35T,59A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 414468 414547 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=74828,74904;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=2M1D23M1D2M1D50M;mutations=72G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 536938 537017 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=807225,807304;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=3M1I17M1D43M1D3M1I12M;mutations=4G,68G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 718456 718535 95.1219 + . seq2;seq2Range=620156,620236;eValue=2.26317e-25;cigar=5M1I28M1I46M1D;mutations=6T,21T,35T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 743820 743899 95.1807 + . seq2;seq2Range=692684,692766;eValue=6.88503e-26;cigar=37M2I5M1I38M;mutations=38C,39G,45C,82T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 174783 174861 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=256820,256897;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=1M1D19M1I5M1D52M;mutations=21T,57T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 311959 312037 95.0617 + . seq2;seq2Range=133386,133466;eValue=7.43921e-25;cigar=7M1I42M1I30M;mutations=2G,8A,40T,51C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 461842 461920 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=206961,207038;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=34M1D10M1D32M1I1M;mutations=13T,77C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 493111 493188 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=235647,235725;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=36M1I1M1D6M1I34M;mutations=3C,37G,45C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 703029 703105 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=364454,364528;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=48M1D26M1D1M;mutations=10C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 734376 734452 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=763959,764035;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=77M;mutations=15T,49A,51T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 807809 807885 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=812147,812221;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=14M1D25M1D36M;mutations=57C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 870220 870296 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=852811,852884;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=5M1D32M1D36M1D1M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 601026 601101 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=246840,246916;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=61M1I15M;mutations=55A,62C,75C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 886289 886364 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=857568,857642;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=43M1D17M1I5M1D9M;mutations=61C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 734068 734142 96 + . seq2;seq2Range=940130,940203;eValue=2.64215e-23;cigar=9M1D65M;mutations=54A,61C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 165578 165651 96.0526 + . seq2;seq2Range=301547,301621;eValue=8.038e-24;cigar=16M1I19M1I23M1D15M;mutations=17T,37G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 525666 525739 96.1038 + . seq2;seq2Range=978356,978432;eValue=2.44533e-24;cigar=13M1I8M1I10M1I43M;mutations=14A,23C,34A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 844430 844503 96.0526 + . seq2;seq2Range=177972,178047;eValue=8.038e-24;cigar=23M1I49M1I2M;mutations=21C,24G,74A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 200984 201056 95.9459 + . seq2;seq2Range=507812,507884;eValue=8.68498e-23;cigar=18M1I16M1D38M;mutations=19A,29C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 352002 352074 96 + . seq2;seq2Range=933466,933539;eValue=2.64215e-23;cigar=8M1I38M1D1M1I25M;mutations=9T,49C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 795087 795159 96.0526 + . seq2;seq2Range=88208,88283;eValue=8.038e-24;cigar=18M1I31M1I16M1I8M;mutations=19T,51C,68G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 922775 922847 96 + . seq2;seq2Range=963547,963620;eValue=2.64215e-23;cigar=1M1D7M2I64M;mutations=9C,10A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 924325 924397 96 + . seq2;seq2Range=382316,382389;eValue=2.64215e-23;cigar=2M1I42M1I16M1D12M;mutations=3G,46C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 306069 306140 95.8904 + . seq2;seq2Range=381419,381490;eValue=2.85482e-22;cigar=8M1D51M1I12M;mutations=46C,60A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 630904 630975 95.9459 + . seq2;seq2Range=603370,603443;eValue=8.68498e-23;cigar=11M1I59M1I2M;mutations=12T,29T,72A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 681294 681365 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=888154,888223;eValue=9.38403e-22;cigar=14M1D11M1D45M;mutations=33G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 753350 753421 96 + . seq2;seq2Range=942692,942766;eValue=2.64215e-23;cigar=2M1I33M1I27M1I10M;mutations=3G,37G,65G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 790149 790220 95.9459 + . seq2;seq2Range=289463,289536;eValue=8.68498e-23;cigar=12M1I11M1I49M;mutations=3T,13T,25T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 314922 314992 95.7746 + . seq2;seq2Range=347339,347407;eValue=3.08461e-21;cigar=53M1D6M1D10M;mutations=67C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 31370 31439 95.7746 + . seq2;seq2Range=667587,667657;eValue=3.08461e-21;cigar=60M1I10M;mutations=9G,27A,61A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 375034 375103 95.7746 + . seq2;seq2Range=537222,537292;eValue=3.08461e-21;cigar=56M1I14M;mutations=11C,22C,57G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 425869 425938 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=363589,363659;eValue=9.38403e-22;cigar=5M1D22M1I19M1I23M;mutations=28C,48G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 456948 457017 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=754960,755030;eValue=9.38403e-22;cigar=26M1D2M1I28M1I13M;mutations=29G,58A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 34258 34326 95.7142 + . seq2;seq2Range=297945,298012;eValue=1.01394e-20;cigar=8M1D40M1I3M1D16M;mutations=49T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 492312 492380 95.7746 + . seq2;seq2Range=61757,61827;eValue=3.08461e-21;cigar=36M1I30M1I3M;mutations=37T,56T,68G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 897257 897325 95.7142 + . seq2;seq2Range=754612,754681;eValue=1.01394e-20;cigar=8M1I61M;mutations=9A,22G,58A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 246133 246200 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=473389,473454;eValue=1.09555e-19;cigar=21M1D28M1D17M;mutations=31C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 592208 592275 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=698273,698338;eValue=1.09555e-19;cigar=18M1D1M1D47M;mutations=11C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 771137 771204 95.7142 + . seq2;seq2Range=644303,644371;eValue=1.01394e-20;cigar=1M1I29M1I35M1D2M;mutations=2C,32G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 655417 655483 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=870273,870341;eValue=3.33289e-20;cigar=57M2I10M;mutations=58A,59C,61T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 999554 999620 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=265042,265109;eValue=3.33289e-20;cigar=25M1I15M1D13M1I13M;mutations=26T,55G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 83977 84041 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=417597,417660;eValue=1.18373e-18;cigar=58M1I3M2D2M;mutations=59T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 793605 793669 95.5882 + . seq2;seq2Range=577367,577434;eValue=1.09555e-19;cigar=61M1I1M1I1M1I2M;mutations=62C,64G,66G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 307315 307378 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=214052,214113;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=10M1D22M1D30M;mutations=16T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 393476 393539 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=939966,940029;eValue=3.89101e-18;cigar=24M1D20M1I19M;mutations=45C,56T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 487063 487126 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=592739,592800;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=31M1D27M1D4M;mutations=61A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 809895 809958 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=795081,795142;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=3M1D52M1D7M;mutations=14A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 338066 338128 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=982730,982793;eValue=3.89101e-18;cigar=1M1D15M1I30M1I16M;mutations=17C,48A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 418242 418304 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=615281,615343;eValue=4.2042e-17;cigar=63M;mutations=7T,61G,62A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 522378 522440 95.3846 + . seq2;seq2Range=975364,975428;eValue=3.89101e-18;cigar=26M2I37M;mutations=27A,28A,35G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 604408 604470 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=190186,190248;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=22M1I3M1D37M;mutations=18G,23G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 692226 692288 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=644690,644751;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=19M1I6M1D32M1D4M;mutations=20G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 846349 846411 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=623458,623519;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=34M1I7M1D13M1D7M;mutations=35T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 919266 919328 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=385150,385211;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=13M1D16M1D20M1I12M;mutations=50A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 306977 307038 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=510376,510437;eValue=4.2042e-17;cigar=20M1D24M1I17M;mutations=45T,59A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 415309 415370 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=678973,679032;eValue=1.38195e-16;cigar=2M1D4M1D54M;mutations=41T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 462748 462809 95.3125 + . seq2;seq2Range=256180,256242;eValue=1.27901e-17;cigar=23M1I12M1I25M1D1M;mutations=24T,37T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 624612 624673 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=462764,462823;eValue=1.38195e-16;cigar=1M1D12M1D47M;mutations=53C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 19838 19898 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=359088,359147;eValue=4.5426e-16;cigar=3M1D57M;mutations=28C,54T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 51519 51579 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=564963,565021;eValue=4.5426e-16;cigar=1M1D29M1D29M;mutations=19G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 90108 90168 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=422207,422269;eValue=4.2042e-17;cigar=16M1I43M1I2M;mutations=6T,17T,61G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 857295 857355 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=306241,306303;eValue=4.2042e-17;cigar=58M2I3M;mutations=39C,59C,60G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 136259 136318 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=951926,951982;eValue=1.49319e-15;cigar=4M1D4M1D19M1D30M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 282475 282534 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=846152,846210;eValue=4.5426e-16;cigar=37M1I20M2D1M;mutations=38G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 360911 360970 95.1612 + . seq2;seq2Range=181466,181526;eValue=1.38195e-16;cigar=45M1I4M1D6M1I4M;mutations=46G,57C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 633878 633937 95.0819 + . seq2;seq2Range=349823,349881;eValue=4.5426e-16;cigar=35M1I20M2D3M;mutations=36T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 13993 14049 96.4912 + . seq2;seq2Range=154364,154420;eValue=1.49319e-15;cigar=57M;mutations=37C,51G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 71017 71072 96.4912 + . seq2;seq2Range=526327,526383;eValue=1.49319e-15;cigar=47M1I9M;mutations=46G,48A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 574387 574442 96.4912 + . seq2;seq2Range=51428,51484;eValue=1.49319e-15;cigar=54M1I2M;mutations=4A,55C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 18138 18192 96.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=774839,774894;eValue=4.90823e-15;cigar=13M1I42M;mutations=3A,14G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 322926 322980 96.4912 + . seq2;seq2Range=554277,554333;eValue=1.49319e-15;cigar=33M1I14M1I8M;mutations=34T,49G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 350355 350409 96.3636 + . seq2;seq2Range=4812,4864;eValue=1.61338e-14;cigar=32M1D20M1D1M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 370570 370624 96.3636 + . seq2;seq2Range=570498,570550;eValue=1.61338e-14;cigar=12M1D40M1D1M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 524644 524698 96.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=192061,192115;eValue=4.90823e-15;cigar=4M1D21M1I29M;mutations=26A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 669509 669563 96.4285 + . seq2;seq2Range=458854,458909;eValue=4.90823e-15;cigar=9M1I46M;mutations=10A,48T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 210770 210823 96.3636 + . seq2;seq2Range=384829,384883;eValue=1.61338e-14;cigar=42M1I12M;mutations=4C,43A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 367394 367447 96.2962 + . seq2;seq2Range=228730,228781;eValue=5.3033e-14;cigar=16M1D29M1D7M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 925889 925942 96.3636 + . seq2;seq2Range=621158,621212;eValue=1.61338e-14;cigar=50M1I4M;mutations=3G,51G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 113996 114048 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=590319,590369;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=34M1D15M1D2M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 150509 150561 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=259178,259229;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=1M1D51M;mutations=30T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 117475 117526 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=976152,976203;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=44M1D1M1I6M;mutations=46C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 137657 137708 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=989401,989453;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=44M1I8M;mutations=38T,45C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 690715 690766 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=2411,2462;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=1M1I4M1D46M;mutations=2G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 893400 893451 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=605691,605742;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=26M1D1M1I24M;mutations=28A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 902890 902941 96.2264 + . seq2;seq2Range=590074,590125;eValue=1.74324e-13;cigar=1M1D24M1I26M;mutations=26T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 562568 562618 96.1538 + . seq2;seq2Range=433916,433967;eValue=5.73016e-13;cigar=10M1I41M;mutations=11T,28A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 699249 699299 96.1538 + . seq2;seq2Range=529725,529775;eValue=5.73016e-13;cigar=10M1I28M1D12M;mutations=11C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 267901 267924 95.8333 + . seq2;seq2Range=21369,21392;eValue=4.769;cigar=24M;mutations=11A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 737546 737568 95.6521 + . seq2;seq2Range=138268,138289;eValue=15.6761;cigar=13M1D9M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 522464 522485 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=639294,639315;eValue=51.5286;cigar=22M;mutations=10T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 597179 597200 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=770906,770926;eValue=51.5286;cigar=11M1D10M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 682302 682323 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=31838,31859;eValue=51.5286;cigar=22M;mutations=10A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 43881 43901 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=496698,496718;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=19G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 59019 59039 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=974302,974323;eValue=51.5286;cigar=12M1I9M;mutations=13T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 89548 89568 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=136937,136956;eValue=169.379;cigar=1M1D19M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 145004 145024 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=158823,158842;eValue=169.379;cigar=17M1D3M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 180492 180512 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=648885,648904;eValue=169.379;cigar=8M1D12M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 252143 252163 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=220247,220266;eValue=169.379;cigar=10M1D10M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 382617 382637 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=756555,756576;eValue=51.5286;cigar=18M1I3M;mutations=19G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 432669 432689 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=528717,528737;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=13A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 611638 611658 95.4545 + . seq2;seq2Range=161924,161945;eValue=51.5286;cigar=6M1I15M;mutations=7G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 774761 774781 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=384250,384269;eValue=169.379;cigar=9M1D11M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 793084 793104 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=703665,703685;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=13T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 814268 814288 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=812454,812474;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=5G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 823130 823150 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=388876,388896;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=15T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 831259 831279 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=902490,902510;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=9G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 872914 872934 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=116496,116516;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=11A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 904823 904843 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=758430,758449;eValue=169.379;cigar=14M1D6M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 918763 918783 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=477968,477988;eValue=169.379;cigar=21M;mutations=6A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 938740 938760 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=33800,33819;eValue=169.379;cigar=17M1D3M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 5112 5131 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=97054,97073;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=6T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 61373 61392 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=308159,308177;eValue=556.762;cigar=9M1D10M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 101254 101273 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=464306,464325;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=16T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 107842 107861 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=370287,370305;eValue=556.762;cigar=13M1D6M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 110412 110431 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=888554,888574;eValue=169.379;cigar=4M1I16M;mutations=5A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 117307 117326 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=922239,922258;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=12T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 121716 121735 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=453595,453615;eValue=169.379;cigar=2M1I18M;mutations=3A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 128742 128761 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=279107,279126;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=18G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 135540 135559 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=544371,544390;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=15C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 137039 137058 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=456262,456282;eValue=169.379;cigar=8M1I12M;mutations=9G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 156159 156178 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=757401,757420;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=16T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 178716 178735 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=706838,706858;eValue=169.379;cigar=2M1I18M;mutations=3T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 187404 187423 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=839902,839921;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=8C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 219222 219241 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=582302,582321;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=4A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 232511 232530 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=561743,561761;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1D4M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 240541 240560 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=938273,938291;eValue=556.762;cigar=4M1D15M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 260227 260246 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=469781,469800;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=17G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 274379 274398 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=463208,463226;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1D4M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 283072 283091 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=502265,502285;eValue=169.379;cigar=9M1I11M;mutations=10T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 303005 303024 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=895286,895304;eValue=556.762;cigar=9M1D10M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 306064 306083 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=110443,110462;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=9G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 306935 306954 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=834590,834608;eValue=556.762;cigar=5M1D14M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 341168 341187 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=33286,33306;eValue=169.379;cigar=18M1I2M;mutations=19G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 361339 361358 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=94405,94423;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1D4M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 364694 364713 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=410818,410837;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=4A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 393624 393643 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=126406,126426;eValue=169.379;cigar=4M1I16M;mutations=5A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 409384 409403 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=600691,600710;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=13C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 422965 422984 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=486912,486931;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=8A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 459039 459058 95.238 + . seq2;seq2Range=497273,497293;eValue=169.379;cigar=14M1I6M;mutations=15C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 517881 517900 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=401027,401046;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=14G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 521934 521953 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=495894,495912;eValue=556.762;cigar=7M1D12M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 536086 536105 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=575141,575159;eValue=556.762;cigar=18M1D1M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 568035 568054 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=728057,728075;eValue=556.762;cigar=6M1D13M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 576720 576739 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=942798,942816;eValue=556.762;cigar=5M1D14M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 582414 582433 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=141047,141065;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1D4M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 583225 583244 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=412935,412953;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1D4M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 615420 615439 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=964041,964060;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=12G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 620445 620464 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=974693,974712;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=4C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 631779 631798 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=327009,327028;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=5C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 638139 638158 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=577375,577394;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=16C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 648875 648894 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=122145,122163;eValue=556.762;cigar=6M1D13M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 651258 651277 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=57120,57139;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=13C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 696678 696697 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=743770,743789;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=9A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 719880 719899 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=315691,315709;eValue=556.762;cigar=11M1D8M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 720484 720503 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=101877,101896;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=6G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 740797 740816 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=145672,145691;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=9C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 748566 748585 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=318037,318056;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=14C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 762792 762811 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=927131,927149;eValue=556.762;cigar=8M1D11M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 795292 795311 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=139658,139677;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=4C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 887607 887626 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=509249,509267;eValue=556.762;cigar=14M1D5M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 904977 904996 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=767626,767644;eValue=556.762;cigar=10M1D9M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 960394 960413 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=174803,174821;eValue=556.762;cigar=5M1D14M;mutations=
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 964004 964023 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=227096,227115;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=6T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 975227 975246 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=965453,965472;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=15A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 984085 984104 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=639600,639619;eValue=556.762;cigar=20M;mutations=5C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 26770 26788 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=851896,851915;eValue=556.762;cigar=5M1I14M;mutations=6C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 93677 93695 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=839755,839774;eValue=556.762;cigar=12M1I7M;mutations=13G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 112709 112727 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=877254,877273;eValue=556.762;cigar=3M1I16M;mutations=4A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 112852 112870 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=503739,503758;eValue=556.762;cigar=8M1I11M;mutations=9C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 115635 115653 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=645465,645484;eValue=556.762;cigar=13M1I6M;mutations=14G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 149772 149790 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=412976,412995;eValue=556.762;cigar=7M1I12M;mutations=8A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 241157 241175 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=482890,482909;eValue=556.762;cigar=13M1I6M;mutations=14A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 244214 244232 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=785830,785849;eValue=556.762;cigar=16M1I3M;mutations=17A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 265794 265812 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=1363,1382;eValue=556.762;cigar=13M1I6M;mutations=14G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 267960 267978 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=119623,119642;eValue=556.762;cigar=13M1I6M;mutations=14A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 279990 280008 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=944687,944706;eValue=556.762;cigar=12M1I7M;mutations=13C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 330182 330200 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=75116,75135;eValue=556.762;cigar=4M1I15M;mutations=5A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 358255 358273 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=178254,178273;eValue=556.762;cigar=4M1I15M;mutations=5A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 370227 370245 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=865460,865479;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1I4M;mutations=16T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 418022 418040 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=311397,311416;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1I4M;mutations=16G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 479978 479996 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=449903,449922;eValue=556.762;cigar=3M1I16M;mutations=4C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 510646 510664 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=283714,283733;eValue=556.762;cigar=10M1I9M;mutations=11G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 543411 543429 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=838078,838097;eValue=556.762;cigar=10M1I9M;mutations=11T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 550428 550446 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=573171,573190;eValue=556.762;cigar=8M1I11M;mutations=9C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 559669 559687 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=964231,964250;eValue=556.762;cigar=16M1I3M;mutations=17C
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 612338 612356 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=572000,572019;eValue=556.762;cigar=14M1I5M;mutations=15T
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 642016 642034 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=868108,868127;eValue=556.762;cigar=12M1I7M;mutations=13A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 739905 739923 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=623901,623920;eValue=556.762;cigar=17M1I2M;mutations=18G
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 841474 841492 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=619616,619635;eValue=556.762;cigar=9M1I10M;mutations=10A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 912127 912145 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=281234,281253;eValue=556.762;cigar=3M1I16M;mutations=4A
seq1 Stellar eps-matches 997497 997515 95 + . seq2;seq2Range=570509,570528;eValue=556.762;cigar=15M1I4M;mutations=16G
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.camel.component.file.remote;
import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.apache.camel.component.mock.MockEndpoint;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class FromFtpRecursiveNoopTest extends FtpServerTestSupport {
protected String getFtpUrl() {
return "ftp://admin@localhost:" + getPort() + "/noop?password=admin&binary=false&initialDelay=3000"
+ "&recursive=true&noop=true";
}
@Override
@BeforeEach
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "a", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "a.txt");
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "b", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "b.txt");
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "a2", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "foo/a.txt");
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "c", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "bar/c.txt");
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "b2", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "bar/b.txt");
}
@Test
public void testRecursiveNoop() throws Exception {
MockEndpoint mock = getMockEndpoint("mock:result");
mock.expectedBodiesReceivedInAnyOrder("a", "b", "a2", "c", "b2");
assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();
// reset mock and send in a new file to be picked up only
mock.reset();
mock.expectedBodiesReceived("c2");
template.sendBodyAndHeader(getFtpUrl(), "c2", Exchange.FILE_NAME, "c.txt");
assertMockEndpointsSatisfied();
}
@Override
protected RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() throws Exception {
return new RouteBuilder() {
@Override
public void configure() throws Exception {
from(getFtpUrl()).convertBodyTo(String.class).to("log:ftp").to("mock:result");
}
};
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Ethics statement
Peripheral blood mononulear cells was obtained at the University of California, Los Angeles in accordance with UCLA Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocols under written informed consent using an IRB-approved written consent form by the UCLA/CFAR Virology Laboratory and was distributed for this study without personal identifying information. Human fetal tissue was purchased from the UCLA/CFAR Gene Therapy Core, was obtained without identifying information and did not require IRB approval for use. Animal research carried out in this manuscript was performed under the written approval of the UCLA Animal Research Committee (ARC) in accordance to all federal, state and local guidelines. Specifically, the experiments were performed strictly according to the guidelines in The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health and the accreditation and guidelines of the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AALAC) International under UCLA ARC Protocol Number 1997-176-53.
Cells
U1 cells (NIH AIDS Reagent Program) are a subclone of the promonocytic cell line U937 that is chronically infected with HIV and makes replication competent virus upon activation53. J.RT3-T3.5 (ATCC, Manassas, VA) are a subclone of leukemia T cell line Jurkat mutated in the T cell receptor beta chain locus such that these cells fail to express surface CD3 and TCR. U1 and J.RT3-T3.5 cells were maintained in culture media containing RPMI 1640 (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Omega Scientific, Tarzana, CA) and 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg streptomycin (GIBCO, Life Technologies).
Virus stocks
For all the studies, we used HIV-1 89.6 , a dual tropic HIV strain that infects cells expressing CXCR4 and/or CCR5 co-receptors. The strain was selected to ensure infection of all susceptible cell populations. Stocks of HIV-1 molecular clone 89.6 were obtained from 24-h harvests of supernatants from infected CEMx174. Supernatants were filtered and treated with DNase (2 μg/ml) (Worthington, Lakewood, N.J.) for 30 min at room temperature in the presence of 0.01 M MgCl 2 . Viral infectivity was determined by limiting dilution titration on GHOST (3) X4/R5 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program). Lentiviral vectors expressing a TCR specific for the HIV Gag epitope SL9 were produced by calcium phosphate transfection of 293FT cells with the pCCL.PPT.SFFV.1.9.IRES. dLNGFR54 in conjunction with the lentiviral packaging vectors pMDLg/pRRE and pCMV-VSV-G. Supernatants were harvest on day 2 and passed through a 0.45 micron filter and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. Infectivity was assessed by titration of lentiviral vectors on J.RT3-T3.5 cells and flow cytometric analysis for the co-expression of SL9TCR (SL9 iTAg MHC Class-I tetramer-PE, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) and dLNGFR (CD271-FITC, Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada).
Flow cytometry
Fluorochrome-conjugated mAb, specific for human CD4, CD8, CD25, CD38, CD45, CD69, CCR5, CXCR4, HLA-DR were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA). For each analysis, cells were labeled with mAb, fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and analyzed using BD LSRII Fortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) using FACSDiva software. Gating on human anti-CD45-stained cells was used to exclude contaminating murine cells. Subsequent analyses were performed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR).
Serum cytokine assay
Blood samples from our cohorts were recovered via puncture of the retro-orbital venous plexus using EDTA coated capillaries. Samples were spun at 3000 rpm for 5 min and serum was collected. Cytokine levels were determined using a cytometric bead array assay (BD CBA Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit, BD Biosciences) specific for human IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ and IL-17A. Samples were acquired on a BD LSR Fortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) with FACSDiva software and subsequent analyses were performed using FCAP Array software.
Generation of BLT mice and treatment
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were initially purchased from Jackson Laboratories and bred and maintained under laminar flow conditions in the Mouse/Human Chimera Core Facility at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Humanized mice were prepared as previously described44. Mice were then monitored for human cell engraftment 6 - 10 weeks post-injection. Upon reconstitution the animals were treated with cocaine for 5 days. Cocaine hydrochloride (5 mg/ml in saline) was obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA; National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD] and diluted in saline prior to use. This dose of cocaine was selected on the basis of prior dose/response experiments (0.1, 5 or 10 mg/kg)7,55 in which the 5 mg/kg dose was shown to have no effects on engraftment yet significantly enhanced HIV infection22. Cocaine was delivered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection beginning 5 days pre-infection (4 - 8 weeks post human tissue implantation). After the 5-day pretreatment, a subset of animals was infected with HIV-1 89.6 , followed by continuous cocaine administration until day 14 post-infection when the animals were sacrificed. Each experiment utilized humanized mice that were made from human tissue from the same donor and the donor tissue was unique experiment to experiment. Animals exhibiting any symptoms of graft versus host disease (GVHD) are removed from our analyses.
Viral load assay
Peripheral blood was collected by cardiac puncture and transferred into microcentrifuge tubes containing 330 mM EDTA. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the following primers/probe specific for gag sequences: NG1F (position 453–480) 28 bp (5′-GAGCTAGAACGATTCGCAGTTAATCCTG-3′), NG1R (position 570–534) 37 bp (5′-ATAATGATCTAAGTTCTTCTGATCCTGTCTGAAGGGA-3), NG1Z probe (position 482–520) 39 bp (FAM-5′ -CCTTTTAGAGACATCAGAAGGCTGTAGACAAATACTGGG-3-BHQ). Reverse transcription was performed using the Superscript II kit (Invitrogen). Real-time, quantitative PCR was performed on a BioRad CFX96 thermocycler. Results from samples were interpolated within the quantitation derived from the RNA standards.
Tat/rev real time RT-PCR
Expression of viral genomic RNA was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and compared to in vitro-transcribed RNA standards specific for multiply spliced Tat-Rev RNA as previously described56. The 18S primer/probe set was obtained from Applied Biosystems specific for eukaryotic 18S rRNA as an endogenous control to allow relative gene expression quantification. The reaction conditions were carried out using the iScript One-Step RT-PCR Kit for Probes (Bio-Rad)56.
Quantitative real time PCR
We used quantitative real-time PCR to detect the presence of viral DNA as previously described56. Briefly, cells were harvested and DNA was subsequently isolated to be used in a quantitative real time PCR using primers specific for HIV-1 sequences56. A primer-probe pair specific for the human β-globin gene was utilized to determine the input of cellular DNA as an endogenous control to allow relative gene quantification56. The reactions were carried out using the TaqMan Core Reagents Kit (ABI Biosystems)56.
Intracellular cytokine assay
1 × 106 cells/well were seeded in 48-well plates in RPMI-10 media and stimulated for 6 hours with PMA/Inonomycin at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Following incubation, the cells were washed and stained with antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, CD56 and IFN-γ (BDBiosciences) to measure levels of cytokine release. Samples were run on an LSRII Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo.
Generating HIV-specific CTL
CD8+ T cells were isolated by magnetic bead isolation (EasySep Human CD8+ Selection Kit, Stem Cell Technologies) from the PBMC of healthy donors obtained by the UCLA CFAR Virology Core and activated overnight in 50 ng/ml anti-CD3 (clone OKT3, Imgenex, San Diego, CA) and 300 U/ml IL-2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program). Activated CD8+ were then transduced with a lentiviral vector containing HIV SL9-specific TCR and cultured in AIM-V media (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) supplemented with 5% human AB serum (Omega Scientific), 20 ng/ml IL-7 and 20 ng/ml IL-15 (both Invitrogen, Life Technologies). CD8+ T cells expressing the SL9-specific TCR were purified by magnetic bead separation based on dLNGFR expression (EasySep Human CD271 Selection Kit, Stem Cell Technologies) and confirmed >85% by flow cytometric analysis.
Cytotoxicity Assay
Purified SL9TCR-expressing CD8+ T cells were incubated in culture media (described above) for 3 days with 10 μM cocaine (NIDA Drug Supply Program) or not. On the second day, they were labeled with 2 μM Vybrant CFDA-SE (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s suggested protocol and maintained in fresh culture media with 10 μM cocaine overnight. On the same day, target U1 cells were labeled with 5 μM CellTrace| Violet (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s suggested protocol and activated to produce HIV with 10 μM prostratin (LC Labs, Woburn MA). The following day, cocaine or mock treated CTL were co-incubated with prostratin-activated U1 cells for 4 hr at the described effector to target ratios. Target cell sensitivity to CTL was assessed by the intracellular expression of cleaved caspase 3 via flow cytometric analysis. Percent specific killing was assessed by subtracting the %cleaved caspase 3 in target cells cultured with CTL from the %cleaved caspase 3 in target cells cultured alone. Conjugates of effector CTL and target U1 cells were assessed by flow cytometric analysis of Vybrant CFDA-SE and CellTrace Violet double positive for cells.
IFN-γ Production and CD107a Degranulation Assays
Purified SL9TCR-expressing CD8+T cells were incubated in culture media (described above) for 3 days with 10 μM cocaine or not. On the second day, they were labeled with 2 μM Vybrant CFDA-SE (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s suggested protocol and maintained in fresh culture media with 10 μM cocaine overnight. On the same day, target U1 cells were labeled with 5 μM CellTrace Violet (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s suggested protocol and activated to produce HIV with 10 μM prostratin (LC Labs, Woburn MA). The following day, cocaine or mock treated CTL were co-incubated with prostratin-activated U1 cells for 6 hr at an 1:1 effector to target ratio in the presence of GolgiStop and GolgiPlug (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and PerCP/Cy5.5-anti-CD107a (1:50, Biolegend, San Diego, CA). Some CTL were also treated with phytohemagglutinin, PHA, (10 μg/ml) and IL-2 (100 U/ml) to induce maximal expression of CD107a and IFN-γ. After 6 hr, IFN-γ expression was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining.
Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad Prism 6. For two groups, we used Mann-Whitney test or one-tailed Student’s t-test, while for groups of 3 or more we used a Kruskal-Wallis (with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test) or one-way ANOVA (with a Tukey post-test). For most of our analysis, unless otherwise indicated, we ran non-parametric tests. For our proportion analysis, we used a Fisher’s exact test. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
Is there a read only memory in the stack for const variable declared in a function?
I know global const is stored in .rodata
Also, I know variables declared in functions are stored in the stack. However since const is supposed to be only read only, is there a special section in stack for them? how are accesses to them controlled?
A:
What you really should know: If an object is declared as const, the compiler will not easily let you attempt to modify it, and if you get around the compiler, then any attempt to modify the object is undefined behaviour. That's it. Nothing else. Forget about .rodata or anything you learned, what counts is that an attempt to modify a const object is undefined behaviour.
What I mean by "the compiler doesn't let you" and getting around it:
const int x = 5;
x = 6; // Not allowed by compiler
int* p = &x; *p = 6; // Not allowed by compiler
int* p = (int*)&x; *p = 6; // Allowed by compiler, undefined behaviour.
Executing the last statement can crash, or change x to 6, or change x to 999, or leave x unchanged, or make it behave in a schizophrenic way where it is 5 at some times and 6 at other times, including x == x being false.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# yacc_badargs.py
#
# Rules with wrong # args
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
import sys
sys.tracebacklimit = 0
sys.path.insert(0,"..")
import ply.yacc as yacc
from calclex import tokens
# Parsing rules
precedence = (
('left','PLUS','MINUS'),
('left','TIMES','DIVIDE'),
('right','UMINUS'),
)
# dictionary of names
names = { }
def p_statement_assign(t,s):
'statement : NAME EQUALS expression'
names[t[1]] = t[3]
def p_statement_expr():
'statement : expression'
print(t[1])
def p_expression_binop(t):
'''expression : expression PLUS expression
| expression MINUS expression
| expression TIMES expression
| expression DIVIDE expression'''
if t[2] == '+' : t[0] = t[1] + t[3]
elif t[2] == '-': t[0] = t[1] - t[3]
elif t[2] == '*': t[0] = t[1] * t[3]
elif t[2] == '/': t[0] = t[1] / t[3]
def p_expression_uminus(t):
'expression : MINUS expression %prec UMINUS'
t[0] = -t[2]
def p_expression_group(t):
'expression : LPAREN expression RPAREN'
t[0] = t[2]
def p_expression_number(t):
'expression : NUMBER'
t[0] = t[1]
def p_expression_name(t):
'expression : NAME'
try:
t[0] = names[t[1]]
except LookupError:
print("Undefined name '%s'" % t[1])
t[0] = 0
def p_error(t):
print("Syntax error at '%s'" % t.value)
yacc.yacc()
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
How to change the trigonometric identity to sec^2(x)?
Evaluate the definite integral:
$$\int_{\frac{\pi}{8}}^\frac{\pi}{4}(\csc(2\theta)-\cot(2\theta)\ d\theta$$
Finding the derivative gives me this, which is confirmed by the steps in Wolfram Alpha. This is the answer as the last step that I also got.
$$-2\csc(2\theta)\cot(2\theta)+2\csc^2(2\theta)$$
But then at the top, Wolfram Alpha says the answer is this:
$$\sec^2\theta$$
How did they get that?
Edit: I just realized that I'm solving the question wrong; I'm supposed to find the antiderivative and not the derivate. Either way, I wanted to know how the identity was found.
A:
Steps are:
\begin{equation}
-2\csc(2\theta)\cot(2\theta) + 2\csc^{2}(2\theta)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
-2* \frac{1}{2\sin(\theta)cos(\theta)} * \frac{cos(2\theta)}{sin(2\theta)} + 2\csc^{2}(2\theta)
\end{equation}
Simplify.
\begin{equation}
-2 * \frac{1-2\sin^{2}(\theta)}{\sin^{2}(2\theta)} + 2\csc^{2}(2\theta)
\end{equation}
Then
\begin{equation}
\frac{-2}{\sin^{2}(2\theta)} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2}(\theta)} + 2\csc^{2}(2\theta)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{-2}{\sin^{2}(2\theta)} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2}(\theta)} + \frac{2}{\sin^{2}(2\theta)}
\end{equation}
Clearly, the -2 and +2 terms cancel, and you're left with $\frac{1}{\cos^{2}(\theta)}$ which is the same as $\sec^{2}(\theta)$
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
The effect of glucose added to the dialysis fluid on blood pressure, blood glucose, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: a placebo-controlled crossover study.
Risk for hypoglycemia increases during hemodialysis sessions. The compensatory homeostatic response to hypoglycemia may increase the risk for abnormal blood pressure regulation. The purpose is to determine blood pressure and blood glucose levels and variability in these variables during dialysis with and without glucose in the dialysis fluid. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, unblinded, crossover study of 44 hemodialysis patients, 34 patients without diabetes and 10 patients with diabetes were allocated to treatment with and without glucose in the dialysis fluid during two 10-week periods. Blood pressure and blood glucose levels were determined 5 to 8 times at each dialysis session during both periods. Quality of life was estimated by using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire at the end of both treatment periods. With glucose in the dialysis fluid, blood pressure was significantly lower (systolic, 144 +/- 20 versus 149 +/- 21 mm Hg; P < 0.003; diastolic, 73 +/- 10 versus 76 +/- 10 mm Hg; P < 0.001), blood glucose level was higher (125 +/- 25 versus 110 +/- 26 mg/dL [6.96 +/- 1.36 versus 6.08 +/- 1.47 mmol/L]; P < 0.001), and quality of life was the same. Variations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and blood glucose levels were the same during both treatments. In the subgroup of patients with diabetes, variation in blood glucose levels decreased significantly with glucose in the dialysis fluid (mean, 30 versus 37 mg/dL [1.66 versus 2.03 mmol/L]; P = 0.008). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased with glucose in the dialysis fluid in patients with chronic renal failure, presumably because of insulin-induced vasodilatation in patients without diabetes. Blood glucose level regulation improved in the diabetic subgroup, and blood glucose levels were not greater in patients with diabetes with glucose in the dialysis water. Quality of life was not changed. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
{
"name": "odinlib",
"version": "0.2.0",
"description": "A nodejs package for gathering information in odin jobs",
"license": "MIT",
"repository": "github.com/theycallmemac/odin",
"main": "odin/odin.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "mocha"
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"keywords": [
"odin",
"odinlib"
],
"dependencies": {
"yamljs": "^0.3.0"
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"devDependencies": {
"eslint": "^7.4.0",
"eslint-config-google": "^0.14.0",
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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Thursday, October 10, 2013
Aswagandha: or the smell of a horse
Ashwagandha is one of the most vital herbs in Ayurvedic healing,
has been used since ancient times for a wide variety of conditions, but
is most well known for its restorative benefits.
In Sanskrit ashwagandha
means “the smell of a horse,” indicating that the herb imparts the
vigor and strength of a stallion, and it has traditionally been
prescribed to help people strengthen their immune system after an
illness. In fact, it’s frequently referred to as “Indian ginseng”
because of its rejuvenating properties (although botanically, ginseng
and ashwagandha are unrelated). In addition, ashwagandha is also used to
enhance sexual potency for both men and women.
Belonging to the same family as the tomato, ashwagandha (or Withania
somnifera in Latin) is a plump shrub with oval leaves and yellow
flowers. It bears red fruit about the size of a raisin. The herb is
native to the dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle
East, but today is also grown in more mild climates.
With its beneficial influence on the nervous system it's commonly
prescribed for people who complain of fatigue, difficulty concentrating
and a general sense un-groundedness. Mixed with warm milk and taken
before bed ashwagandha is useful for people with insomnia and anxiety.
Ashwagandha has a reputation in Ayurveda as a rejuvenative in conditions
of nerve and muscle weakness. It is also used for men and women who are
having trouble with fertility.
Scientific Research
Ashwagandha contains many useful medicinal chemicals, including
withanolides, (steroidal lactones), alkaloids, choline, fatty acids,
amino acids, and a variety of sugars. While the leaves and fruit have
valuable therapeutic properties, the root of the ashwagandha plant is
the part most commonly used in Western herbal remedies.
Medical researchers have been studying ashwagandha with great
interest and as of this date have carried out 216 studies of its healing
benefits, summarized below:
confers immune system protection
combats the effects of stress
improves learning, memory, and reaction time
reduces anxiety and depression without causing drowsiness
stabilizes blood sugar
lowers cholesterol
reduces brain-cell degeneration
contains anti-malarial properties
offers anti-inflammatory benefits
Some studies have also found that ashwagandha inhibits the growth of
cancer cells in small animals, but further research is needed to
determine whether the herb prevents the development of tumors in human
beings.
Practical Uses and Precautions
The usual recommended dose is 600 to 1000 mg, twice daily. For people
who suffer from insomnia and anxiety, having a cup of hot milk that
contains a teaspoon of powdered ashwagandha before bedtime is
beneficial. In extremely large doses, ashwagandha has been reported to
induce abortions in animals. Although no similar studies have been
carried out on humans, women should avoid the herb during pregnancy. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
(a) Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for charging a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel vehicle, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for charging an LPG fuel vehicle capable of more easily charging an LPG tank with LPG fuel by decreasing part of pressure in the LPG tank when pressure in the LPG tank, which stores the LPG fuel, is greater than charging pressure.
(b) Background Art
In general, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a process of charging an LPG fuel vehicle includes operating a charging pump 2 of an LPG fuel station, supplying LPG fuel through a charger 3 from an LPG reservoir 1 of the LPG fuel station by operating the charging pump 2, and charging an LPG tank of a vehicle with the LPG fuel by LPG charging pressure of the charger 3.
However, the LPG fuel may not be charged since pressure in the LPG tank of the vehicle is greater than the LPG charging pressure when an outside temperature is rapidly increased during warmer weather temperatures. For example, when an atmospheric temperature is about 40° C. or greater during a hot weather season, pressure (e.g., about 16.5 bar) in the LPG tank of the vehicle is increased to be equal to or greater than LPG charging pressure of the charger (e.g., 16.3 bar=pressure of 8.3 bar in the LPG reservoir of the LPG fuel station+LPG pumping pressure of 8.0 bar caused by an operation of the charging pump), and as a result, the LPG tank may not be capable of being charged with the LPG fuel from the charger.
The above information disclosed in this section is merely for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Goldilocks' Determination of What New In Vivo Data are "Just Right" for Different Common Drug Development Scenarios, Part 1.
As alternative models and scientific advancements improve the ability to predict developmental toxicity, the challenge is how to best use this information to support safe use of pharmaceuticals in humans. While in vivo experimental data are often expected, there are other important considerations that drive the impact of developmental toxicity data to human risk assessment and product labeling. These considerations include three key elements: (1) the drug's likelihood of producing off-target toxicities, (2) risk tolerance of adverse effects based on indication and patient population, and (3) how much is known about the effects of modulating the target in pregnancy and developmental biology. For example, there is little impact or value of a study in pregnant monkeys to inform the risk assessment for a highly specific monoclonal antibody indicated for a life-threatening indication against a target known to be critical for pregnancy maintenance and fetal survival. In contrast, a small molecule to a novel biological target for a chronic lifestyle indication would warrant more safety data than simply in vitro studies and a literature review. Rather than accounting for innumerable theoretical possibilities surrounding each potential submission's profile, we consolidated most of the typical situations into eight possible scenarios across these three elements, and present a discussion of these scenarios here. We hope that this framework will facilitate a rational approach to determining what new information is required to inform developmental toxicity risk of pharmaceuticals in context of the specific needs of each program while reducing animal use where possible. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The advent and continuing development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has allowed visualization of changes within the structure and size of the human brain in a variety of clinical conditions but, in particular, following a patient's earlier exposure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374]\]. In overview, long term changes are loss of the total volume of the brain, loss of the volume of both cerebral white and grey matter, loss in volume of the corpus callosum, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, some association, callosal and projection pathways \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374],[@B2-brainsci-03-01374],[@B3-brainsci-03-01374],[@B4-brainsci-03-01374],[@B5-brainsci-03-01374]\] and an increased relative volume of the brain ventricular system ([Figure 1](#brainsci-03-01374-f001){ref-type="fig"}) have been widely reported \[[@B6-brainsci-03-01374],[@B7-brainsci-03-01374]\] up to two years after TBI \[[@B8-brainsci-03-01374]\].
![Two years prior to sustaining a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) this patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of an assessment for persistent headache. The MRI was interpreted as within normal limits (WNL) and computation of the ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) was likewise WNL (average adult VBR is \~1.5 with a 0.5 standard deviation based on total ventricular volume/total brain volume multiplied by 100 so that whole numbers may be used). Note that on the DOI the anterior horns of the lateral ventricle were equally compressed being an indication of generalized cerebral edema. Likewise, the VBR was more than half of normal, a further reflection of generalized edema. By day two post injury, the VBR was further reduced, but by one week post-injury had increased with significant enlargement and was followed by cortical atrophy observed at 16 weeks post injury, with prominent further generalized cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement and elevated VBR at two years post-injury. (Illustration from Bigler and Maxwell 2012 \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374]\] with thanks).](brainsci-03-01374-g001){#brainsci-03-01374-f001}
The great majority of the experimental literature utilizing animal models of TBI and/or traumatic axonal injury (TAI) has reported development of pathological changes in axons of myelinated nerve fibers and their cell bodies or, to a lesser extent *in vitro* studies, rather than development of pathology within the myelin sheath of injured axons. Within the recent TAI literature, however, attention is beginning to be focused upon responses by central myelin and oligodendrocytes after TAI \[[@B9-brainsci-03-01374],[@B10-brainsci-03-01374],[@B11-brainsci-03-01374]\].
A recent major change in thinking with regard to treatment of and care of patients who have experienced a TBI is that even a mild traumatic episode may potentiate the post-traumatic development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) where patients, over a period of months to several years after a traumatic episode, increasingly experience poor concentration, poor attention, disorientation, memory deficits, emotional and behavioral difficulties which worsen with increasing post-traumatic survival \[[@B12-brainsci-03-01374]\]. However, the pathological pathway(s) associated with development of CTE are obscure \[[@B12-brainsci-03-01374]\]. A small number of experimental studies, however, have reported that axonal degeneration may continue over months following TBI \[[@B13-brainsci-03-01374],[@B14-brainsci-03-01374]\] using markers of disrupted axonal transport or stereology. It was decided to investigate pathological changes in the glial supporting cells related to axons of central white matter in a stretch-injured optic nerve experimental, animal model to test the hypothesis that central myelin may develop post-traumatic pathology that could influence axon survival after TBI.
2. Results and Discussion
=========================
2.1. Results
------------
The earliest changes in myelin morphology may be seen at 2 h after stretch-injury in the guinea-pig optic nerve model of TAI ([Figure 2](#brainsci-03-01374-f002){ref-type="fig"}). At low magnification, numerous irregular myelin profiles occur within the myelin sheaths of large and small nerve fibers viewed in longitudinal section. In the present study these myelin profiles will be termed myelin discontinuities or (md) ([Figure 2](#brainsci-03-01374-f002){ref-type="fig"} white arrows).
At high magnification, the separation of adjacent myelin lamellae is seen to occur on the cytoplasmic surface of the oligodendrocyte plasmalemma because myelin membranes separate through the major dense line ([Figure 3](#brainsci-03-01374-f003){ref-type="fig"}) rather than the interperiod line.
A group of uninjured and injured animals were fixed and processed to localize free calcium ions by use of the modified pyroantimonate precipitation procedure \[[@B15-brainsci-03-01374],[@B16-brainsci-03-01374],[@B17-brainsci-03-01374]\]. In uninjured animals, small oval foci of separation of myelin lamellae form myelin discontinuities ([Figure 4](#brainsci-03-01374-f004){ref-type="fig"}) and within some of these aggregates of pyroantimonate precipitate mark the presence of free calcium ions ([Figure 4](#brainsci-03-01374-f004){ref-type="fig"}).
In material fixed at 1--2 h after TAI, myelin discontinuities (md) are readily apparent in both transverse and longitudinal sections ([Figure 5](#brainsci-03-01374-f005){ref-type="fig"}a,b) of nerve fibers that otherwise lack any indication that damage or injury has occurred in these nerve fibers. Pyroantimonate precipitate is localized to the md and is suggestive of a focal concentration of calcium ions within the cytoplasm within the longitudinal incisures extending through the compact myelin of internodal segments of myelin.
{#brainsci-03-01374-f002}
{#brainsci-03-01374-f003}
{#brainsci-03-01374-f004}
It is noteworthy in [Figure 5](#brainsci-03-01374-f005){ref-type="fig"}b that despite the occurrence of a diffuse pyroantimonate precipitate within the axoplasm of the left hand nerve fiber longitudinally orientated microtubules (white arrows) are numerous and intact mitochondria (mt), with no evidence of a central lucent vacuole, occur within the right hand nerve fiber. The presence of both features indicates no significant pathology within these nerve fibers, and it is suggested that the small, focal aggregates of pyroantimonate precipitate identify the cytoplasmic myelin longitudinal incisures of intact nerve fibers. The longitudinal incisures extend from the paranodal cytoplasmic loops at either end of a myelin internode ([Figure 6](#brainsci-03-01374-f006){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\], to form cytoplasmic channels or tunnels through the internodal compact myelin to provide for the distribution of ions and molecules throughout the myelin in an internode \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374],[@B19-brainsci-03-01374],[@B20-brainsci-03-01374]\].
Recently, small triangular clefts between adjacent paranodal loops and the outer surface of the axolemma have been reported \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Solutions of ions and small molecules placed using microinjection techniques in the perinodal space pass through these spiral clefts between adjacent paranodal glial loops and the subjacent axolemma \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\]. These periaxonal/oligodendrocyte plasmalemma limited spaces or clefts will here be termed "paranodal spiral clefts" and are visible in thin sections viewed at high magnification ([Figure 7](#brainsci-03-01374-f007){ref-type="fig"}a). Following stretch-injury to the optic nerve, the volume of the paranodal spiral clefts appears to increase with survival out to 24 h after injury ([Figure 7](#brainsci-03-01374-f007){ref-type="fig"}b,c). Within sections processed for calcium pyroantimonate, small aggregates of precipitate occur within the volume of the spiral clefts ([Figure 7](#brainsci-03-01374-f007){ref-type="fig"}b,c).
{#brainsci-03-01374-f005}
With increasing survival after injury there is an apparent increase in volume of myelin discontinuities (md) ([Figure 8](#brainsci-03-01374-f008){ref-type="fig"}a), together with a raised intra-axonal content of pyroantimonate precipitate. In a low magnification field at 12 h survival myelin discontinuities occur more frequently in larger nerve fibres and mds now protrude into the perimeter of the axon ([Figure 8](#brainsci-03-01374-f008){ref-type="fig"}a, arrows). However, and in particular in the context of this special issue on myelin and myelin repair, very little attention has been paid to analysis of responses within the myelin sheath of injured central white matter, for example in models of stroke \[[@B21-brainsci-03-01374]\] and in trauma \[[@B22-brainsci-03-01374],[@B23-brainsci-03-01374],[@B24-brainsci-03-01374]\].
Central myelin is often difficult to preserve for ultrastructural analysis and published experimental studies of traumatically injured myelinated nerve fibers have frequently used immunocytochemical techniques to investigate changes within the axon. There is also often use of modified microwave antigen retrieval \[[@B22-brainsci-03-01374],[@B23-brainsci-03-01374]\] or tissue homogenization \[[@B25-brainsci-03-01374]\] techniques. Damage to the myelin sheath cannot, therefore, be totally excluded during processing prior to microscopic examination. In transverse sections of stretch-injured nerve fibers at 4--12 h, mds occupy a large proportion of the cross-sectional area of the myelin sheath ([Figure 8](#brainsci-03-01374-f008){ref-type="fig"}b) being most extensive in larger axons of the optic nerve, for example compare the large central nerve fiber and the right hand smaller fiber ([Figure 8](#brainsci-03-01374-f008){ref-type="fig"}b). The normal smooth profile of the axon has been lost and the axolemma has lost its intimate relation to the inner aspect of the myelin sheath forming periaxonal spaces (pa). The axoplasm of the axon, however, contains recognizable cytoskeletal components but these have a tortuous rather than linear, longitudinal course parallel to the long axis of the axon. Mitochondria are present in the axoplasm but contain either aggregates of pyroantimonate precipitate (arrows) or a central lucent zone (double arrow). These changes within the axoplasm mirror those reported in a number of earlier studies of traumatic axonal injury \[[@B14-brainsci-03-01374],[@B16-brainsci-03-01374],[@B22-brainsci-03-01374],[@B23-brainsci-03-01374],[@B26-brainsci-03-01374],[@B27-brainsci-03-01374]\].
![Schematic view of an oligodendrocyte and the myelin sheaths maintained by that cell. On the uppermost nerve fibre, the myelin sheath is partially unwrapped. In the lowest fiber the myelin sheath is shown completely unwrapped forming a flattened sheet with only the inner loop of the oligodendrocyte process juxtaposed to the axon (labelled axon in white). Channels containing small portions of oligodendrocyte cytoplasm are indicated in orange and form the paranodal/lateral loops, and the ad (inner loop) and abaxonal (outer loop) spaces and are all in continuity with each other. Extending from the paranodal/lateral loops into the compact myelin (in green) of the sheath are four schematic longitudinal incisures. Adapted from Aggarwal *et al*. 2011 \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\].](brainsci-03-01374-g006){#brainsci-03-01374-f006}
{#brainsci-03-01374-f007}
With increasing post-traumatic survival in experimental animal models of TAI, it is now recognized that axons may undergo secondary axotomy even months after injury \[[@B14-brainsci-03-01374]\]. And there is rapidly accumulating evidence that even a single incident of moderate to severe TBI is associated with progression of cognitive difficulties extending out, possibly, to dementia \[[@B28-brainsci-03-01374]\]. A number of changes occur both in the myelin sheath and the axon of such degenerating fibers. Stereological analyses have demonstrated in the guinea pig optic nerve stretch-injury model that nerve fibers of different size or caliber are lost from the optic nerve over different survival time frames. Notably, larger nerve fibers are lost rapidly, over about 4--12 h, after TAI and there is then a progressive shift to the left of the numbers of nerve fibers within 0.5 μm wide groups \[[@B14-brainsci-03-01374]\]. That is, with increasing survival over weeks and months after a single injury episode there is a more rapid loss of the larger nerve fibers within the injured optic nerve and an associated rise in the number of fibers between 1.0 and 1.5 µm in diameter although it is true that the total number of intact nerve fibers in the injured optic nerve falls over the 12 week survival of this experiment \[[@B14-brainsci-03-01374]\] when about 60% of nerve fibers in optic nerves of uninjured nerves remain. Examples of the range of pathologies within the myelin sheath of degenerating nerve fibers are provided in [Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}. But it should be noted that each example may be found within the optic nerve at any survival point later than 8--12 h out to 12 weeks when this experiment was terminated.
{#brainsci-03-01374-f008}
{#brainsci-03-01374-f009}
With increasing survival there is an increase in the volume of myelin discontinuities until the diameter of the locus of myelin separation become larger than the width of the myelin sheath. The expanded myelin discontinuities extend either into the lumen of the sheath and displace or injure the axon contained therein ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}a,b) or expand into the peripheral extracellular space between adjacent nerve fibers ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}c). To minimize the risk of confusion the term used to refer to intrusions into the lumen of the sheath ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}a,b) in this study shall be "myelin intrusion": for expansion of the myelin into the pericellular/extracellular space shall be "external protrusion" ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}c). That is to say that a myelin discontinuity may continue to increase in volume to form either a myelin intrusion or a external protrusion or even both when the zone of separation of adjacent myelin lamellae is especially extensive or large, as seen for example, in [Figure 8](#brainsci-03-01374-f008){ref-type="fig"}b. However, preliminary data indicates that the development of myelin intrusions may be associated with greater pathology of or damage to the axon. A separation of the surface of the axolemma and the innermost layer of the myelin sheath may be generated to form a periaxonal space ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}a,b) with related ultrastructural pathology suggestive of disruption of the axonal cytoskeleton (*cf.* [Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}a--c). Similar changes in the ultrastructure of the axonal cytoskeleton are a concept which have been extensively reported in the TBI literature \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374],[@B4-brainsci-03-01374],[@B7-brainsci-03-01374],[@B26-brainsci-03-01374],[@B28-brainsci-03-01374],[@B29-brainsci-03-01374],[@B30-brainsci-03-01374],[@B31-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Two types of axonal degeneration have been reported in TBI, either so-called light/watery degeneration or a dark degeneration \[[@B32-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Examples of both light ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}e) and dark ([Figure 9](#brainsci-03-01374-f009){ref-type="fig"}f--h) degeneration may be found in sections following stretch-injury between 48 h and 8 weeks survivals.
In the guinea pig optic nerve stretch injury model of TAI classic degeneration bulbs may be encountered in any specimen from 7 days and later survivals. Two examples are illustrated in [Figure 10](#brainsci-03-01374-f010){ref-type="fig"}a,b. The specimen in [Figure 10](#brainsci-03-01374-f010){ref-type="fig"}a was obtained at 7 days post-trauma, while that in [Figure 10](#brainsci-03-01374-f010){ref-type="fig"}b was obtained at 4 weeks post-injury. In the latter, the number of rounded, darkly stained, myelin intrusions is very high within the myelin sheaths of all sizes of nerve fiber as well as in the myelin remnants in relation to the terminal degeneration bulbs. The pericellular tissue fluid internal to the remnants of the myelin sheath (top) and within the extracellular space related to the bulbs contains pyroantimonate precipitate. Mitochondria within degeneration bulbs frequently also contain small foci of precipitate. In [Figure 10](#brainsci-03-01374-f010){ref-type="fig"}a, the 7 day survival animal, the extracellular space is enlarged such that cell processes are widely separated and aggregates of membranous debris (◊) occur and is suggestive of tissue edema. A nerve fiber with the pathological characteristics of "dark degeneration" may be seen at the bottom of the figure (arrow).
![Longitudinal sections of an axonal swelling (**a**) and several degeneration bulbs (**b**). Material in (**a**) from an animal killed at 7 days after injury. The axonal swelling is formed by aggregation of large numbers of membranous organelles which accumulate at a locus of loss of fast axonal transport. The volume of axoplasm increases from the caliber of the axon (ax) and is completely enclosed by direct continuation of the internodal myelin sheath. The cytoplasm of the swelling is packed with numerous, randomly orientated mitochondria (m). At one region a constriction of the caliber of the axonal swelling occurs. This is the site at which the axonal swelling breaks the axon into two fragments when axonal disconnection occurs. The axon has then completed secondary axotomy and both fragments will die back some 600--800 µm on either side of the site of disconnection over the ensuing 48 h \[[@B23-brainsci-03-01374]\]. The surrounding tissue has widely separated cell processes and is suggestive of edema. Several aggregates of loosely organised membrane fragments (◊) occur in the enlarged extracellular space. An exrample of nerve fiber undergoing "dark degeneration" occurs at the bottom of this field. Magnification 2800×. (**b**) Longitudinal sections of terminal bulbs obtained from a 4 week posttrauma survival animal processed with the pyroantimonate technique. There is little evidence suggestive of edema. Numerous, closely spaced myelin intrusions and/or external protrusions occur within myelin sheaths of both nerve fibers or the myelin remnants adjacent to the large caliber terminal bulbs. The rounded, bulbous profile of the bulbs is enveloped by a remnant of the myelin sheath and probably represents myelin from a more proximal region of the degenerating nerve fibre during retraction of the terminal bulbs subsequent to axotomy. Mitochondria within both of the bulbs and parts of recognizable nerve fibers contain focal, electron dense aggregates of pyroantimonate precipitate---see inside the dotted ovals for example. There are also widespread aggregates of pyroantimonate precipitate at foci of extracellular fluid. Magnification 1875×.](brainsci-03-01374-g010){#brainsci-03-01374-f010}
2.2. Discussion
---------------
The present study provides novel information about changes in the organization of the myelin sheath related to injured, degenerating nerve fibers within a central white matter tract. A major conclusion is that ultrastructural evidence of an ongoing pathology in the myelin sheath occurs within a short time of mechanical insult to the white matter tract and continues throughout the entire extent of the experimental survival period. Stereological analysis of changes in the number and size of intact nerve fibers within the stretch-injured optic nerve provides evidence that loss of nerve fibers continues throughout the experimental survival of 12 weeks \[[@B14-brainsci-03-01374]\]. The present study extends those findings by reporting pathology within the myelin sheath of degenerating nerve fibers. However, a more detailed, stereological analysis is now required to improve understanding of this previously unreported pathological change.
Myelin of myelinated nerve fibers within the brain and spinal cord is formed by oligodendrocytes where a single oligodendrocyte forms and maintains the myelin sheaths of a number of separate, closely related axons where an oligodendrocyte supplies the myelin forming a single internodal segment on each fiber ([Figure 6](#brainsci-03-01374-f006){ref-type="fig"}). A circumferential, multilayered sleeve of membranes having a regular spacing at their cytosolic and external surfaces, correlated with the lipid mosaic model of biological membranes, and which can be resolved using either polarised light microscopy, or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of either thin, resin embedded, sections or freeze-fracture replicas has been widely reported \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374]\]. The structure observed is consistent with a protein-lipid-protein-lipid-protein organization of the oligodendrocyte's axolemma forming the myelin sheath with a higher concentration of proteins on the surface of the plasmalemma facing the cytoplasm, the so-termed cytosolic face that is stained more heavily in routinely processed resin embedding for TEM ([Figure 3](#brainsci-03-01374-f003){ref-type="fig"}). These darkly stained portions of the repeating layers of oligodendrocyte plasmamembranes are termed the "major period" or "dark period" lines of the myelin sheath ([Figure 3](#brainsci-03-01374-f003){ref-type="fig"}). That part of the plasmamembrane facing outward to the external environment around a cell contains a greater proportion of lipid and stains less darkly with routine TEM staining and forms the "interperiod line" ([Figure 3](#brainsci-03-01374-f003){ref-type="fig"}). The distance between adjacent dark period lines has been reported as 16 nm using TEM X-ray diffraction and 12 nm in resin embedded thin sections, the lower value probably reflecting the fact that tissue for resin embedding has to be markedly dehydrated \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374],[@B33-brainsci-03-01374]\] ([Figure 3](#brainsci-03-01374-f003){ref-type="fig"}).
Until recently there was only a limited understanding of the chemical constituents of CNS myelin. But our knowledge has increased dramatically with the advent of proteomic analyses of the molecular biology of the insulating sheath of central nerve fibers. Jahn *et al*. \[[@B34-brainsci-03-01374]\] have provided information concerning nearly 350 proteins associated with central nervous system myelin and a much greater complexity of membrane associated interactions is now appreciated. Membrane components may occur in only very small relative proportions of the total content but it is also recognized that earlier estimates of relative lipid and protein content were over simplified \[[@B34-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Jahn *et al*. \[[@B34-brainsci-03-01374]\] suggested that the term "myelin-enriched" be applied to the major fraction of a white matter ultracentrifugate rather than "compact myelin" because proteins localized within the non-compacted cytoplasmic channels of the inner and outer loops, the lateral or paranodal loops and the longitudinal incisures mentioned above ([Figure 6](#brainsci-03-01374-f006){ref-type="fig"}) will occur in the ultracentrifugate.
Central, and peripheral, myelin differs from other plasma membranes in that 70%--75% of the dry weight is lipid in the proportion of 2.2 (cholesterol):1 (phospholipid):1 (galactolipid/plasmalogen) as reviewed in \[[@B34-brainsci-03-01374]\]. The largest proportions of proteins in compact myelin are proteolipid protein (PLP) (17%), myelin basic protein (MBP) (8%) and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase(CNP) (4%). MBP is an extrinsic membrane protein in the cytoplasmic face of compact myelin and has a high electrical charge which binds to negatively charged lipids and contributes to the integrity of the major dense line of compact myelin. In addition a variety of transmembrane proteins---myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) localized particularly in the periaxonal membrane and glial loops of the paranodes \[[@B35-brainsci-03-01374]\], myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), tetraspanin 2, M6B, oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP/Claudin-11)---and cellular adhesion complexes---glial nectin-like protein (Nec14), glial neurofascin (NF155) and contactin/contactin associated protein 1 (Caspr) are important in glial-axonal junctions at the paranode. The interested reader is referred to the publication by Jahn *et al*. \[[@B34-brainsci-03-01374]\] for further information.
Recent evidence has strongly suggested that intercellular relationships, and probably functions, within central white matter are more complex than appreciated even less than a decade ago \[[@B1-brainsci-03-01374],[@B18-brainsci-03-01374],[@B19-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Rather than the earlier concept that mature oligodendrocytes assume a quiescent state upon completion of myelination, there is now a consensus that considerable intercellular exchange occurs between the neuronal axon, oligodendrocytes and perinodal astrocytes within central white matter \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes within the CNS are linked by multiple gap junctions during myelination \[[@B36-brainsci-03-01374]\] and in mature white matter \[[@B19-brainsci-03-01374]\] ([Figure 11](#brainsci-03-01374-f011){ref-type="fig"}). It has recently been reported that various types of mechanical load, like strain, pressure, shear stress, or cyclic stretch can influence oligodendrocyte cell biology and intercellular communication via gap junctions between neighboring mature oligodendrocytes as well as between mature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes \[[@B37-brainsci-03-01374]\] both of which intimately interact with CNS neurons. Gap junctions form narrow channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent or linked cells ([Figure 11](#brainsci-03-01374-f011){ref-type="fig"}) allowing passage of molecules or ions of less than 1000 Da and electrical current \[[@B19-brainsci-03-01374],[@B37-brainsci-03-01374]\] and such channels may be visualized at the light microscope level by use of biocytin which readily passes through gap junctions and into the oligodendrocyte cytoplasm \[[@B19-brainsci-03-01374]\] or at the ultrastructural level ([Figure 11](#brainsci-03-01374-f011){ref-type="fig"}).
{#brainsci-03-01374-f011}
Studies have also demonstrated that ions and small molecules may pass from the extracellular space, for example from the perinodal space, into the lateral cytoplasmic loops at the paranodes, then into the longitudinal incisures passing through the internodal compact myelin as represented in [Figure 6](#brainsci-03-01374-f006){ref-type="fig"}. Oligodendrocytes are now recognized to allow exchange of metabolites \[[@B38-brainsci-03-01374]\], ions and other gap-junction permeable molecules between neighboring cells and this is currently thought to have a major influence during myelination \[[@B18-brainsci-03-01374]\].
There is a consensus that following TBI a wave of calcium mediated depolarisations spread from the locus of injury via interconnected gap junctions between astrocytes \[[@B19-brainsci-03-01374],[@B39-brainsci-03-01374]\] and allow propagation of astrocyte Ca^2+^ waves over distances of several hundred micrometers from an initial locus \[[@B19-brainsci-03-01374],[@B38-brainsci-03-01374],[@B40-brainsci-03-01374],[@B41-brainsci-03-01374]\]. This leads to the postulate that following TAI, bi-directional Ca^2+^ waves occur in electrically interconnected astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in central white matter. The maintenance of abnormal intracellular Ca^2+^ reported *in vitro* \[[@B42-brainsci-03-01374]\] over at least 24 h after stretch injury provides support for this hypothesis. It is suggested that the present study provides further support for the hypothesis that glia \[[@B43-brainsci-03-01374]\], both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respond to axonal injury by allowing Ca^2+^ waves to propagate over hundreds of micrometers through gap junctions. The findings in the present study allows suggestion that Ca^2+^ waves or "spreading depression" serve to exacerbate the number of injured nerve fibers through metabolic compromise as a result of damage to myelin.
Nawaz *et al*. \[[@B44-brainsci-03-01374]\] reported that an increasing intracellular Ca^2+^ level resulted in a rapid dissociation of MBP from the plasma membrane through a phospholipase C (PLC) dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). It was hypothesized \[[@B44-brainsci-03-01374]\] that abnormal Ca^2+^ entry and Ca^2+^ dependent myelin delamination in white matter tracts is likely to be caused by the detachment of MBP from myelin membranes. Following stretch injury to optic nerve fibers of the guinea pig, it is posited that Ca^2+^ depolarization via gap junctions linking oligodendrocytes and astrocytes results in elevated levels of Ca^2+^ throughout the longitudinal incisures of internodal myelin segments and results in focal activation of intrinsic calpains which have been reported to be associated with proteolysis of MBP following TBI \[[@B9-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Delamination of myelin, in association with altered metabolism in myelin, oligodendroctytes and perinodal astrocytes potentiates loss of regulation of axonal calcium homeostasis and allows the potential recruitment of axons to undergo secondary axotomy. The provision of quantitative data in support for this hypothesis is currently being investigated and the established clinical and psychological paradigms that suggest an on-going loss of white matter with increasing post-traumatic survival provides a stimulus to further experimental study. These investigations may provide a therapy to minimize loss of white matter with increasing post-traumatic survival rather than, at present, providing increasing numbers of patients, and their families, the opportunity to experience the long-term loss of neurological function that appears to be the current outcome after TBI.
3. Experimental Section
=======================
Under intramuscular ketamine (50 mg kg^−1^) and xylazine (3 mg kg^−1^) anaesthesia, the right optic nerve of adult guinea-pigs (range 700--850 g) was stretched, in a controlled manner \[[@B25-brainsci-03-01374]\], to provide reproducible and measurable amounts of elongation or tensile strain \[[@B16-brainsci-03-01374]\]. Animals were fixed either by transcardiac perfusion with 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.2 M PIPES buffer or fixed for the ultrastructural demonstration of the mobile pool of Ca^2+^ (Borgers *et al*., 1977 \[[@B15-brainsci-03-01374]\]) with the slight modification that 0.5% paraformaldehyde and 1.9% sucrose was added to the fixative. For routine, thin section examination blocks of injured (right optic nerve) and internal control (left optic nerve), three animals at each time point (15 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 h and 7, 14, 28 and 84 days and three controls) were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in PIPES buffer, through graded concentrations of alcohol, alcohol and epoxypropane, epoxypropane and embedded in Araldite using epoxypropane as an intermediary. For demonstration of the mobile pool of Ca^2+^, three animals at each time point (15 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 h and 7, 14, 28 and 84 days and three controls) were terminally anaesthetized with IP barbiturate and, after thoracotomy, perfusion fixed through the left ventricle with \~90 nM potassium oxalate in 1.9% sucrose, adjusted to pH 7.4 with potassium hydroxide, at 37 °C, followed by 3% glutaraldehyde, 0.5% paraformaldehyde, 90 nM potassium oxalate, 1.9% sucrose (750--850 mosmol) adjusted to pH 7.4 with potassium hydroxide for 1 h. The first 500 mL of the fixative was warmed to 37 °C and perfused rapidly in contrast to the remaining 2000ml which was cooled to approximately 4 °C and perfused more slowly. After perfusion, both optic nerves (the left nerve used as an internal control) were dissected out and each divided into three equal segments which were subsequently processed separately. The segments were placed in the same fixative at 4 °C for 2 h, briefly rinsed in 90 mM potassium oxalate in 1.9% sucrose (pH 7.4) and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and 2% potassium pyroantimonate for 2 h at room temperature. Unreacted pyroantimonate was washed out with distilled water adjusted to pH 10 with potassium hydroxide for 15 min. The segments were then routinely dehydrated through a series of 50%, 70%, 90% and three times 100% ethanols before being cleared in two 20 min changes of propylene oxide. Finally, the segments were placed successively in 1:1 propylene oxide/Araldite, 1:2 propylene oxide/Aratdite, two 4 h changes of pure Aratdite before embedding in pure Araldite and polymerized at 60 °C for 24 h. Semithin and thin sections were cut on an ultramicrotome and examined, unstained, in a Phillips 300 TEM. For routine TEM, ultrathin sections were stained with 12.5% methanolic uranyl acetate and lead citrate.
4. Conclusions
==============
Transmission electron microscopy of stretch-injured central nerve fibers provides morphological evidence which supports the hypothesis that injury to central myelin may contribute to continued axonal degeneration following traumatic brain injury. Foci of disassociation of lamellae within the myelin sheath, here termed myelin discontinuities occur in both uninjured and injured nerve fibers. However, within injured nerve fibers the spatial extent or volume of delamination of myelin lamellae increases with post-traumatic survival after stretch-injury. In parallel, the volume of paranodal spiral clefts which communicate with myelin channels/discontinuities increases with increasing post-traumatic survival. Pyroantimonate studies indicate that these foci of delamination contain increased content of free calcium. It is suggested that elevated levels of calcium activate calpains which disrupt MBP floatage of leaflets of the myelin sheath. This allows generation of the hypothesis that waves of calcium depolarization potentiate areas of myelin delamination in distant nerve fibers and the associated rise in content of free calcium compromises axonal physiology leading to recruitment of additional nerve fibers and greater damage to central nerve fiber pathways.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The present invention relates to receiver equalizers used in television broadcasting to provide signal delays compensating for complementary delays in television receivers.
Government established broadcasting standards for color television service set forth a uniform format for the color television signal which are transmitted by licensed television stations. In this format the color television signal is amplitude modulated onto the station carrier, with the resulting double sideband signal being filtered by a vestigial sideband filter so as to eliminate a large portion of the lower sideband thereof. The upper sideband, however, remains intact and extends out to more than 4.2 MHz above the carrier frequency. The sound, or aural signal is transmitted on a subcarrier located 4.5 MHz above the picture carrier.
In order to eliminate interference between the sound carrier and the higher frequency video information, receivers must include filters with high roll-off rates in the vicinity of 4.5 MHz. When the composite video signal is passed through these filters, the upper frequencies of the color signal experience a time delay which must be corrected. This was recognized at the time that the format was adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States government, and, to simplified the manufacture of television receivers, it was decided that the correction would be provided at the transmitter, rather than at the receiver. The FCC therefore now mandates that each transmitter include a time delay versus frequency characteristic selected to be the complement of the time delay versus frequency characteristic produced by the sound filter in subsequent receivers.
In TV transmitters currently in use, the receiver equalizer is implemented as a separate functional block including plural discrete components which are designed and adjusted such that the amplitude versus frequency characteristic of the filter is substantially flat over the frequency range of the video signal, but that its time delay versus frequency characteristic is such as to provide the receiver equalization set by FCC standards.
The receiver equalizer adds somewhat to the size of the visual exciter with which it is employed, and includes plural adjustable components which must be calibrated by the manufacturer during the manufacturing process, and which are thereafter susceptible to aging and failure. The receiver equalizer also, obviously, adds to the cost of the visual exciter. For these reasons, then, it would be desirable if the receiver equalizer could be done away with. Receiver equalization is, however, required by law in all transmitters. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
package mesosphere.marathon
package core.task.state
import com.typesafe.scalalogging.StrictLogging
import mesosphere.marathon.state._
import scala.jdk.CollectionConverters._
import org.apache.mesos
import scala.annotation.tailrec
/**
* Metadata about a task's networking information.
*
* @param hostPorts The hostPorts as taken originally from the accepted offer
* @param hostName the agent's hostName
* @param ipAddresses all associated IP addresses, computed from mesosStatus
*/
case class NetworkInfo(hostName: String, hostPorts: Seq[Int], ipAddresses: Seq[mesos.Protos.NetworkInfo.IPAddress]) {
import NetworkInfo._
/**
* compute the effective IP address based on whether the runSpec declares container-mode networking; if so
* then choose the first address from the list provided by Mesos. Otherwise, in host- and bridge-mode
* networking just use the agent hostname as the effective IP.
*
* we assume that container-mode networking is exclusive of bridge-mode networking.
*/
def effectiveIpAddress(runSpec: RunSpec): Option[String] = {
if (runSpec.networks.hasContainerNetworking) {
pickFirstIpAddressFrom(ipAddresses)
} else {
Some(hostName)
}
}
/**
* generate a list of possible port assignments, perhaps even including assignments for which no effective
* address or port is available. A returned `PortAssignment` for which there is no `effectiveAddress` will have
* have an `effectivePort` of `NoPort`.
*
* @param app the app run specification
* @param includeUnresolved when `true` include assignments without effective address and port
*/
def portAssignments(app: AppDefinition, includeUnresolved: Boolean): Seq[PortAssignment] = {
computePortAssignments(app, hostName, hostPorts, effectiveIpAddress(app), includeUnresolved)
}
/**
* Update the network info with the given mesos TaskStatus. This will eventually update ipAddresses and the
* effectiveIpAddress.
*
* Note: Only makes sense to call this the task just became running as the reported ip addresses are not
* expected to change during a tasks lifetime.
*/
def update(mesosStatus: mesos.Protos.TaskStatus): NetworkInfo = {
val newIpAddresses = resolveIpAddresses(mesosStatus)
if (ipAddresses != newIpAddresses) {
copy(ipAddresses = newIpAddresses)
} else {
// nothing has changed
this
}
}
}
object NetworkInfo extends StrictLogging {
/**
* Pick the IP address based on an ip address configuration as given in teh AppDefinition
*
* Only applicable if the app definition defines an IP address. PortDefinitions cannot be configured in addition,
* and we currently expect that there is at most one IP address assigned.
*/
private[state] def pickFirstIpAddressFrom(ipAddresses: Seq[mesos.Protos.NetworkInfo.IPAddress]): Option[String] = {
// Explicitly take the ipAddress from the first given object, if available. We do not expect to receive
// IPAddresses that do not define an ipAddress.
ipAddresses.headOption.map { ipAddress =>
require(ipAddress.hasIpAddress, s"$ipAddress does not define an ipAddress")
ipAddress.getIpAddress
}
}
def resolveIpAddresses(mesosStatus: mesos.Protos.TaskStatus): Seq[mesos.Protos.NetworkInfo.IPAddress] = {
if (mesosStatus.hasContainerStatus && mesosStatus.getContainerStatus.getNetworkInfosCount > 0) {
mesosStatus.getContainerStatus.getNetworkInfosList.asScala.iterator.flatMap(_.getIpAddressesList.asScala).toSeq
} else {
Nil
}
}
private def computePortAssignments(
app: AppDefinition,
hostName: String,
hostPorts: Seq[Int],
effectiveIpAddress: Option[String],
includeUnresolved: Boolean
): Seq[PortAssignment] = {
def fromPortMappings(container: Container): Seq[PortAssignment] = {
import Container.PortMapping
@tailrec
def gen(ports: List[Int], mappings: List[PortMapping], assignments: List[PortAssignment]): List[PortAssignment] = {
(ports, mappings) match {
case (hostPort :: xs, PortMapping(containerPort, Some(_), _, _, portName, _, _) :: rs) =>
// agent port was requested, and we strongly prefer agentIP:hostPort (legacy reasons?)
val assignment = PortAssignment(
portName = portName,
effectiveIpAddress = Option(hostName),
effectivePort = hostPort,
hostPort = Option(hostPort),
// See [[TaskBuilder.computeContainerInfo.boundPortMappings]] for more info.
containerPort = if (containerPort == 0) Option(hostPort) else Option(containerPort)
)
gen(xs, rs, assignment :: assignments)
case (_, mapping :: rs) if mapping.hostPort.isEmpty =>
// no port was requested on the agent (really, this is only possible for container networking)
val assignment = PortAssignment(
portName = mapping.name,
// if there's no assigned IP and we have no host port, then this container isn't reachable
effectiveIpAddress = effectiveIpAddress,
// just pick containerPort; we don't have an agent port to fall back on regardless,
// of effectiveIp or hasAssignedIpAddress
effectivePort = effectiveIpAddress.fold(PortAssignment.NoPort)(_ => mapping.containerPort),
hostPort = None,
containerPort = Some(mapping.containerPort)
)
gen(ports, rs, assignment :: assignments)
case (Nil, Nil) =>
assignments
case _ =>
throw new IllegalStateException(
s"failed to align remaining allocated host ports $ports with remaining declared port mappings $mappings in app ${app.id}"
)
}
}
gen(hostPorts.to(List), container.portMappings.to(List), Nil).reverse
}
def fromPortDefinitions: Seq[PortAssignment] =
app.portDefinitions.zip(hostPorts).map {
case (portDefinition, hostPort) =>
PortAssignment(
portName = portDefinition.name,
effectiveIpAddress = effectiveIpAddress,
effectivePort = hostPort,
hostPort = Some(hostPort)
)
}
app.container.collect {
case c: Container if app.networks.hasNonHostNetworking =>
// don't return assignments that haven't yet been allocated a port
val mappings = fromPortMappings(c)
if (includeUnresolved) mappings else mappings.filter(_.isResolved)
}.getOrElse(fromPortDefinitions)
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
The State of TexasAppellee/s
Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
May 13, 2014
No. 04-14-00302-CR
Arturo Neri PRADO,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
From the 216th Judicial District Court, Gillespie County, Texas
Trial Court No. 4217
Honorable Stephen B. Ables, Judge Presiding
ORDER
On February 6, 2007, the trial court imposed on Arturo Neri Prado in open court a
sentence of forty-three years confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice—
Institutional Division. On April 17, 2014, Appellant filed a “Motion for Belated Appeal,” which
we will construe as a notice of appeal, with this court.
We ORDER Appellant to SHOW CAUSE in writing within fifteen days of the date of
this order why this appeal should not be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. If Appellant fails to
show cause within the time provided, the appeal will be dismissed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(f).
All other appellate deadlines in this matter are suspended until further order of this court.
_________________________________
Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said
court on this 13th day of May, 2014.
___________________________________
Keith E. Hottle
Clerk of Court
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.
# Add new inflection rules using the following format. Inflections
# are locale specific, and you may define rules for as many different
# locales as you wish. All of these examples are active by default:
# ActiveSupport::Inflector.inflections(:en) do |inflect|
# inflect.plural /^(ox)$/i, '\1en'
# inflect.singular /^(ox)en/i, '\1'
# inflect.irregular 'person', 'people'
# inflect.uncountable %w( fish sheep )
# end
# These inflection rules are supported but not enabled by default:
# ActiveSupport::Inflector.inflections(:en) do |inflect|
# inflect.acronym 'RESTful'
# end
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrophosphinylative cyclization of 1,6-diynes. Stereoselective synthesis of exocyclic 1,3-dienylphosphine oxides.
The first catalytic synthesis of exocyclic 1,3-dienylphosphine oxides was achieved by the ruthenium-catalyzed selective hydrophosphinylative cyclization of 1,6-diynes. A plausible mechanism involving a ruthenacyclopentatriene intermediate is proposed on the basis of the DFT calculations of model ruthenium complexes. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Happy Black History Month! Lots of great stuff on the interwebs this week we wanted to highlight. Check out this fantastic feature at the New York Times, “Overlooked,” which highlights inspiring humans that the newspaper has neglected over the years now finally being brought into focus. This month’s “Overlooked” features the incredible Gladys Bentley, a queer artist who was a sensation during the height of the jazz era in Harlem.
Gladys was an openly gay performer known for her explicit and brilliant performances in Harlem: | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new activin heterodimers of beta(C)-subunit.
Activin ligands are formed by dimerization of activin ss(A)- and/or ss(B)-subunits to produce activins A, AB, or B. These ligands are members of the transforming growth factor-ss superfamily and act as growth and differentiation factors in many cells and tissues. New additions to this family include activin ss(C)-, ss(D)-, and ss(E)-subunits. The aim of this investigation was to examine the localization of and dimerization among activin subunits; the results demonstrate that activin ss(C) can form dimers with activin ss(A) and ss(B) in vitro, but not with the inhibin alpha-subunit. Using a specific antibody, activin ss(C) protein was localized to human liver and prostate and colocalized with ss(A)- and ss(B)-subunits to specific cell types in benign and malignant prostate tissues. Activin C did not alter DNA synthesis of the prostate tumor cell line, LNCaP, or the liver tumor cell line, HepG2, in vitro when added alone or with activin A. Therefore, the capacity to form novel activin heterodimers (but not inhibin C) resides in the human liver and prostate. Activin A, AB, and B have diverse actions in many tissues, including liver and prostate, but there is no known biological activity for activin C. Thus, the evidence of formation of activin AC or BC heterodimers may have significant implications in the regulation of levels and/or biological activity of other activins in these tissues. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Jain Temple, Kidanganad
A famous Jain temple is located at Sultan Bathery, earlier known as kidaganad town of Kerala. It is said to have been built in the 13th century CE. The temple is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India.
History
Destruction
In the 18th century, the temple was invaded and used by Tipu Sultan to keep his armory (Battery).
Gallery
See also
Jainism in Kerala
References
Category:Jain temples in Kerala
Category:13th-century Jain temples
Category:Religious buildings and structures in Wayanad district
Category:Tourist attractions in Wayanad district
Category:13th-century architecture | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Here’s a new way for kitty to travel in style! It’s The Mommy Bus — beep, beep! This soft carrier has a top opening for easy access, plus the front window unzips, too. There are two large, zippered storage pockets on the sides and all four wheels are little zippered pouches for extra storage. It has two carry handles and an adjustable shoulder strap. The Mommy Bus measures 15″ long and 13″ tall, accommodating pets up to 15 lbs.
These cute kitties seem to enjoy riding in The Mommy Bus. Check out the adorable black cat in the video below, but please don’t blame me if the catchy little theme song sticks in your head all day. (If you can’t see the video below in your email, click here to watch it on the site.)
BONUS GIVEAWAY, ENTER TO WIN!
One lucky reader is going to win their very own Mommy Bus! Be the first on your block to have one! To enter, please leave a comment on this post. The winner will be chosen in a random drawing on January 11. One entry per person. This giveaway is limited to addresses in the US and Canada.
I have three kitties, not one likes to go to the “bad place” — this would make it a lot easier, and would also make some awesome video memories for my daughter, who lives on the other side of the country and doesn’t get to see them much.
Oh meeeoooowww! This would be the utimate for me especially when one always scratches his nose on the air holes of the air line carrier so I always hesitated when taking him to the vet. How utterly perfect this is and would love to have it for them! Of course, one at a time because either would “fill” it.
Oh My Gosh! The Mommy Bus carrier is adorable. It certainly beats the plain old carriers most of us have. The black kittie in the video reminds me so much of my belated “old lady” Maxie. She passed away in 2008 at the age of 19 years old. She would have loved this carrier. My new “boys,” Emmitt and Bub, would look so cute in the driver seat of this carrier. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
You are here
Keeping the Oil Pollution Act Updated
By Doug Helton, Regional Operations Supervisor
Aug. 17, 2017 - On August 18, 1990, President H.W. Bush signed the Oil Pollution Act. The act gave NOAA and other agencies improved authorities for spill prevention, response, and restoration in the nation’s navigable waters and shorelines.
The act ensured those responsible for an oil spill must cleanup and restore the environment, and compensate the public for its lost uses—like beach and recreational fishery closures—from the time of the incident until those natural resources fully recover.
Now 27 years old, some parts of the law are dated. But, the Act signed by President Bush was not the final word on oil pollution.
Like many other laws, it has been subject to various amendments over time to address emerging issues or to strengthen or clarify the original law.
Often, the amendments advance through related legislation that move through Congress and reach the president. For example, a number of Oil Pollution Act amendments were added to U.S. Coast Guard authorization bills.
For instance, the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010 added a number of provisions including:
Sometimes these amendments can be quite technical but can also have significant impacts on how we work. For example, the Coast Guard authorization act included this language that affected waterways near Seattle:
“Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commandant shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding to modify the definition of the term ‘‘higher volume port area’’ in section 155.1020 of the Coast Guard regulations (33 C.F.R. 155.1020) by striking ‘‘Port Angeles, WA’’ in paragraph (13) of that section and inserting ‘‘Cape Flattery, WA’’.
There are about 15 higher volume port areas in the United States and these areas are subject to the most stringent response planning requirements.
As you might expect, these include the biggest oil ports in the nation, including New York, Houston, New Orleans, and Prince William Sound, Alaska. In these high volume port areas, large amounts of response equipment has to be on standby, ready to deploy on very short notice.
However, Cape Flattery is on the northwest tip of Washington State. The fishing port of Neah Bay is nearby, but it is hardly a major oil port.
Hmm, so what did that accomplish? That simple definitional change meant that all tankers approaching the Strait of Juan de Fuca and oil terminals closer to Seattle had to have approved plans and meet the most stringent response times following a spill anywhere along our inland waters. This required adding response vessels and equipment out near the entrance of the Strait and increasing the ability to rapidly respond to any spills.
There are already several bills in Congress this year that would further amend the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. In between spills and restoration work, we keep an eye on their progress through the legislative process.
You can read these articles for more information on the Oil Pollution Act of 1990:
Doug Helton is the Regional Operations Supervisor for the West Coast, Alaska, Hawaii, and Great Lakes and also serves as the Incident Operations Coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Emergency Response Division. The Division provides scientific and technical support to the Coast Guard during oil and chemical spill responses. The Division is based in Seattle, WA, but manages NOAA response efforts nationally. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
#pragma once
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "macro.h"
#include "string.h"
static inline size_t sc_arg_max(void) {
long l = sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX);
assert(l > 0);
return (size_t) l;
}
bool env_name_is_valid(const char *e);
bool env_value_is_valid(const char *e);
bool env_assignment_is_valid(const char *e);
enum {
REPLACE_ENV_USE_ENVIRONMENT = 1 << 0,
REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS = 1 << 1,
REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED = 1 << 2,
};
#if 0 /// UNNEEDED by elogind
char *replace_env_n(const char *format, size_t n, char **env, unsigned flags);
char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env);
static inline char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env, unsigned flags) {
return replace_env_n(format, strlen(format), env, flags);
}
bool strv_env_is_valid(char **e);
#define strv_env_clean(l) strv_env_clean_with_callback(l, NULL, NULL)
char **strv_env_clean_with_callback(char **l, void (*invalid_callback)(const char *p, void *userdata), void *userdata);
bool strv_env_name_is_valid(char **l);
bool strv_env_name_or_assignment_is_valid(char **l);
char **strv_env_merge(size_t n_lists, ...);
char **strv_env_delete(char **x, size_t n_lists, ...); /* New copy */
char **strv_env_set(char **x, const char *p); /* New copy ... */
#endif // 0
char **strv_env_unset(char **l, const char *p); /* In place ... */
#if 0 /// UNNEEDED by elogind
char **strv_env_unset_many(char **l, ...) _sentinel_;
#endif // 0
int strv_env_replace(char ***l, char *p); /* In place ... */
#if 0 /// UNNEEDED by elogind
char *strv_env_get_n(char **l, const char *name, size_t k, unsigned flags) _pure_;
char *strv_env_get(char **x, const char *n) _pure_;
#endif // 0
int getenv_bool(const char *p);
int getenv_bool_secure(const char *p);
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
top-stories,
A fake Facebook post in which Opposition Leader Alistair Coe appeared to label climate change a "conspiracy" was shared by high profile Canberrans before being deleted. Mr Coe said he had contacted Elections ACT about the post, which has come during an election year. The post said people like Labor leader Anthony Albanese and Greens leader Adam Bandt had attempted to bring "cheap politics into the devastating (bushfire) crisis by blaming the climate change conspiracy rather than the real cause". It was originally posted on Reddit before being widely shared on Twitter on Sunday, including by politicians and Unions ACT. Greens ACT leader Shane Rattenbury was among the people to be caught out by the fake post. Mr Coe said it was disappointing high profile people had shared the post without seeking to verify it first. "The dirty tricks for this campaign have unfortunately started very early," he said. "We're still eight or nine months away from polling day yet the fake posts and fake news is unfortunately alive and well in the ACT. "Who knows who will be a victim of it tomorrow. "The reality is there is a need in integrity in all reporting, be that by journalists or of course in the promotion of social media posts." Mr Coe said the Canberra Liberals contacted people who were promoting the post, who removed it and apologised. He said the party would contact Elections ACT about how future situations could be managed. "Everyone in the ACT expects a higher standard from public officials and I hope this serves as a very valuable lesson for everybody, that you've got to be somewhat skeptical about what you read online and if it seems like it's a falsehood, there's a fair chance it is." Mr Rattenbury said it was not a surprise the tweet was widely shared considering the Liberals' climate change policies. But he said everyone needed to be more careful to authenticate information. "Sadly, 'fake news' is a global trend, and it's disconcerting to see this emerge in local politics," he said. "Ahead of an election year, it's clear we'll all need to be more vigilant in verifying third-party sources. "'Fake news' works best when it cuts close to the truth. "Given the stance of the Liberals locally and nationally when it comes to climate change, it's no surprise that this tweet spread so quickly." Mr Coe has also been the subject of a campaign against him from a new Facebook page, Let Coe Know; Time to Act Scomo. But Mr Coe maintains his leadership is safe and the party is united. It came after a group of disaffected Liberal MLAs made a leadership coup attempt in November, amid fears Mr Coe was too socially conservative for the Canberra electorate. Moderate Elizabeth Lee was touted as a possible alternative.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/uKjMY4e5Mbar2wCa46ayu4/9cbe3afb-eca2-4430-8dc7-83536f8b50a6.jpeg/r0_0_1240_701_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Right
I went to bed last night feeling great after watching a lovely film with Mary and Nuala. I don’t really know what I did all day, so it was nice to do something as the three of us just so I could actually pinpoint a part of the day and be like “yes, I did that”. However, as I crawled into bed, I took a little bit of a self confidence hit and found myself having a pity party.
So what if this week has given me a few set backs? Who cares whether I had a good day Tuesday or a bad day Friday? Just to clarify Friday was actually a pretty good day but that’s not the point of this. The point is, I’m tired of my brain trying to make excuses that just don’t make sense.
For years now, any time something happens like friends go out without me, or I’m not in on a conversation, my mind spirals. It doesn’t accept that I wasn’t invited because the host knew I was out of the country at the time, instead it tells me I wasn’t invited because the host actually doesn’t like me and just puts up with me for appearances sake. I once was crying and working myself up that much at being removed from a group chat that I ended up having a panic attack. Over a group chat that was practically dead anyway. So yes, my mind likes to play tricks on me. A lot of the time, I know it’s a load of rubbish and push it away, other times it festers.
You want to know what my brain decided to tell me on Saturday night? I managed to convince myself that the reason Mary and Nuala are looking at a flat for the 2 of them together is because I’m fat. And do you know the worst part? For a good 5 minutes I believed myself. Yeah they have their reasons, and I probably won’t hear them, but I know for a fact that my weight isn’t one of them!
Sorry, this really is a rambling post because I don’t know where I’m going with this. I just knew I wanted to share it with someone, and that someone was you.
As Nuala and I agreed, after a lengthy gym session on Friday, I do a lot of talking, not an awful lot of acting on it. I’ve come on here and announced that I want to lose weight, and yet 3 weeks into the month I still find myself scouring cupboard for something to snack on, or running to the shop for an unhealthy lunch rather than making something in the flat. There’s only me who can change that, no one else.
To be honest, I’m ready for a change. I feel like I’ve spent the last few years living as if someone’s going to come along and tell me that actually life is just a dream and I’m going to wake up soon. I had a moment today when I realised that actually no, I am going to get older, leave university, find a job, and actually have to somehow exist as an adult. This isn’t some game we play and stop playing every now and again. There are no cheats. There’s no restarting from scratch. There’s no “ctrl + z” to undo something. All we can do is move forward and move further in life.
I used to think that by 21 I would be mature, organised, healthy, and have my life in order. Now, I can’t even guarantee I’ll be sorted by the time I’m 30! But that’s okay too.
I feel old saying this, but my age group have been raised on the promise of “if you can dream it, you can achieve it” and when we don’t achieve it, we blame everyone but ourselves – claiming we’ve been lied to, mislead, and let down. I’m guilty of it myself. We don’t grasp the reigns and start a new path, yet we try to reach new, undiscovered lands by following the paths that lead to just where we don’t want to go. It’s stupid and we end up beating ourselves up over it, and then we feel crap.
I’m going to stop rambling now and say goodbye because I’ve just had a brainwave and want to write it down before I forget it. So, once again, thank you for staying with me throughout this post. It’s been a bit all over the place, and I’ve given myself some inspiration for another post at a later stage, but that’s another time.
Speak soon!
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Hey :) I'm 21, from Northern Ireland and no longer new to blogging. I love all things TV, books, food, music and film as well as going out with friends. This is hopefully somewhere you'll be able to come if you feel you need a laugh or even just to stay in touch. Follow for Follow and all that however I'd like to take this chance to say thanks for coming to read! Enjoy and feel free to make any recommendations!
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41 thoughts on “Right”
Oh my word I loved reading this so much!! It was so beautifully honest…and that’s actually how I’ve been feeling this week! (There must be something in the air!) I definitely related to it, so thank you so much for sharing 😊
Thank you! I’ve missed writing these sorts of posts, so definitely think it’s something I’m going to go back to doing. Thanks so much for commenting, you’ve actually made my day! 💖 have a great week! xxx
In my experience of being almost 30 I’ve learnt that change happens when you’re ready and you’re ready when it stops being about what you should be and it becomes about what you truly want deep down, and you accept yourself and feel you deserve the change 😊 It’s not that automatic when, like me, you have an anxious mind, but it’s possible. I’m here if you ever need xx
You’ll do it! You’re amazing I every way and you’ll achive your goals! My mind does that to, it tells me that I’m not liked etc… when that’s not the case and it’s perfectly normal to feel that way. I love the “ctrl + z” bit, it’s so true! We don’t have that although sometimes I wish we did, like a big game of sims!
Hey KT, I know exactly what you mean when you say that you thought you’d be at a certain stage in life at a certain age! I feel like that too! I am 27, and just recently started upon a new career path that will take a lot of time, effort, and sacrifice… I always thought I’d be fully in my career by now! Keep up trying to find your way & you will :)) Glad you posted on the #BloggersTribe twitter chat so I could find you! Definitely following :))
It’s not all your fault. I know my brain pulls the same trick sometimes thinking I wasn’t invited because I’m not welcomed or something like that so it’s hard to accept that it isn’t the case. Our minds can be such jerks sometimes just going off on different things. I wish you luck in losing weight. Set your goal and come up with small steps you can do to achieve it. I believe in you! (:
I honestly love you, I love this post it’s so honest and relatable, I think it’s relatable to everyone in some way or another even if it’s not for the same reasons, we all make excuses for ourselves and we just sit back and expect things to happen, I for one am guilty of this, I defiantly need to start acting on things I want to change rather than just wishing and hoping. I totally believe in you girl, you’re beautiful anyways so don’t forget that! But if you want to change for you then do that, not for anyone else though, as long as you’re making yourself happy that’s all that matters! – Sarah xoxo
wonderfully written KT. I still haven’t got my S**t together and i’m 31. all things will fall into place for you hun don’t worry. I have faith that in a few months you’ll be writing a totally different post with a more brighter perspective. Much loves xxx
Oh good luck with your new career path! It seems rather scary that at any stage this life could end, and I’ve had the realisation that I don’t want to keep putting my dreams off in the hopes of achieving them some day. Thank you so much for your lovely comment xxxx
Thank you so so much Sarah ❤ It's one of those things we're all guilty of and even today after writing this post I found myself making excuses for my behaviour and actions! Thanks for the lovely comment, I really appreciate it xxxx
Thanks lovely! I know, it seems so strange to think when we were younger we had this big plan for where we’d be by now but the key thing to remember is that it’s okay to not be at that point by now if we’re happy with where we are! I used to think I’d be teaching, married and have at least a dog, if not be pregnant, and look at me now – I can count my friends on one hand and am still single with definitely no plans of being pregnant any time soon! As long as we work on being happy in ourselves, then surely that’s the important thing? xxx
Thanks Holly! Haha, we’re allowed to not have our s**t together yet – we’re both still young! Although I’m glad that you have that faith in me because I currently don’t, but it means a lot to me that you do! xxxx
A beautifully honest post. I’m 34 and only in the past two years have I really felt at all like I have my ducks almost, sort of, kind of in a row. I’m happier and more confident now than I have ever been. It will come, I promise x
I’m a student myself and I let those little things get to me. It’s hard sometimes finding someone to talk to or finding a platform to express myself because I often tell myself half the time that I’m not talking sense. It’s good that there’s honest people like you coming out and expressing yourself, because it’s often the first step to self improvement. Good stuff!
Thank you! It seems that a lot more people than I realised felt the same as me on these sorts of things and that in itself is important to point out to people. If we all speak out, we can all help each other!
Aww bless sweetie! I’m over 40 and still like I know nothing, but the great thing about life is that we keep on learning! There is no end point until the the ultimate end so enjoy all the twists, turns, highs and lows. It’s all just one big adventure! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
* vim: set ts=8 sw=4 et tw=99:
*
* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
#ifndef jsdbgapi_h___
#define jsdbgapi_h___
/*
* JS debugger API.
*/
#include "jsapi.h"
#include "jsprvtd.h"
namespace JS {
struct FrameDescription
{
JSScript *script;
unsigned lineno;
JSFunction *fun;
};
struct StackDescription
{
unsigned nframes;
FrameDescription *frames;
};
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(StackDescription *)
DescribeStack(JSContext *cx, unsigned maxFrames);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
FreeStackDescription(JSContext *cx, StackDescription *desc);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(char *)
FormatStackDump(JSContext *cx, char *buf,
JSBool showArgs, JSBool showLocals,
JSBool showThisProps);
}
# ifdef DEBUG
JS_FRIEND_API(void) js_DumpValue(const js::Value &val);
JS_FRIEND_API(void) js_DumpId(jsid id);
JS_FRIEND_API(void) js_DumpStackFrame(JSContext *cx, js::StackFrame *start = NULL);
# endif
JS_FRIEND_API(void)
js_DumpBacktrace(JSContext *cx);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSCompartment *)
JS_EnterCompartmentOfScript(JSContext *cx, JSScript *target);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSString *)
JS_DecompileScript(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script, const char *name, unsigned indent);
/*
* Currently, we only support runtime-wide debugging. In the future, we should
* be able to support compartment-wide debugging.
*/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_SetRuntimeDebugMode(JSRuntime *rt, JSBool debug);
/*
* Debug mode is a compartment-wide mode that enables a debugger to attach
* to and interact with running methodjit-ed frames. In particular, it causes
* every function to be compiled as if an eval was present (so eval-in-frame)
* can work, and it ensures that functions can be re-JITed for other debug
* features. In general, it is not safe to interact with frames that were live
* before debug mode was enabled. For this reason, it is also not safe to
* enable debug mode while frames are live.
*/
/* Get current state of debugging mode. */
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_GetDebugMode(JSContext *cx);
/*
* Turn on/off debugging mode for all compartments. This returns false if any code
* from any of the runtime's compartments is running or on the stack.
*/
JS_FRIEND_API(JSBool)
JS_SetDebugModeForAllCompartments(JSContext *cx, JSBool debug);
/*
* Turn on/off debugging mode for a single compartment. This should only be
* used when no code from this compartment is running or on the stack in any
* thread.
*/
JS_FRIEND_API(JSBool)
JS_SetDebugModeForCompartment(JSContext *cx, JSCompartment *comp, JSBool debug);
/*
* Turn on/off debugging mode for a context's compartment.
*/
JS_FRIEND_API(JSBool)
JS_SetDebugMode(JSContext *cx, JSBool debug);
/* Turn on single step mode. */
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetSingleStepMode(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script, JSBool singleStep);
/* The closure argument will be marked. */
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetTrap(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script, jsbytecode *pc,
JSTrapHandler handler, jsval closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_ClearTrap(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script, jsbytecode *pc,
JSTrapHandler *handlerp, jsval *closurep);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_ClearScriptTraps(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_ClearAllTrapsForCompartment(JSContext *cx);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetInterrupt(JSRuntime *rt, JSInterruptHook handler, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_ClearInterrupt(JSRuntime *rt, JSInterruptHook *handlerp, void **closurep);
/************************************************************************/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetWatchPoint(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, jsid id,
JSWatchPointHandler handler, JSObject *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_ClearWatchPoint(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, jsid id,
JSWatchPointHandler *handlerp, JSObject **closurep);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_ClearWatchPointsForObject(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_ClearAllWatchPoints(JSContext *cx);
/************************************************************************/
// RawScript because this needs to be callable from a signal handler
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(unsigned)
JS_PCToLineNumber(JSContext *cx, js::RawScript script, jsbytecode *pc);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(jsbytecode *)
JS_LineNumberToPC(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script, unsigned lineno);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(jsbytecode *)
JS_EndPC(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_GetLinePCs(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script,
unsigned startLine, unsigned maxLines,
unsigned* count, unsigned** lines, jsbytecode*** pcs);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(unsigned)
JS_GetFunctionArgumentCount(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_FunctionHasLocalNames(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun);
/*
* N.B. The mark is in the context temp pool and thus the caller must take care
* to call JS_ReleaseFunctionLocalNameArray in a LIFO manner (wrt to any other
* call that may use the temp pool.
*/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(uintptr_t *)
JS_GetFunctionLocalNameArray(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun, void **markp);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSAtom *)
JS_LocalNameToAtom(uintptr_t w);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSString *)
JS_AtomKey(JSAtom *atom);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_ReleaseFunctionLocalNameArray(JSContext *cx, void *mark);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSScript *)
JS_GetFunctionScript(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSNative)
JS_GetFunctionNative(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSPrincipals *)
JS_GetScriptPrincipals(JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSPrincipals *)
JS_GetScriptOriginPrincipals(JSScript *script);
JS_PUBLIC_API(JSFunction *)
JS_GetScriptFunction(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSObject *)
JS_GetParentOrScopeChain(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
/************************************************************************/
/*
* This is almost JS_GetClass(obj)->name except that certain debug-only
* proxies are made transparent. In particular, this function turns the class
* of any scope (returned via JS_GetFrameScopeChain or JS_GetFrameCalleeObject)
* from "Proxy" to "Call", "Block", "With" etc.
*/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(const char *)
JS_GetDebugClassName(JSObject *obj);
/************************************************************************/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(const char *)
JS_GetScriptFilename(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(const jschar *)
JS_GetScriptSourceMap(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(unsigned)
JS_GetScriptBaseLineNumber(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(unsigned)
JS_GetScriptLineExtent(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSVersion)
JS_GetScriptVersion(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(bool)
JS_GetScriptUserBit(JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_SetScriptUserBit(JSScript *script, bool b);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(bool)
JS_GetScriptIsSelfHosted(JSScript *script);
/************************************************************************/
/*
* Hook setters for script creation and destruction, see jsprvtd.h for the
* typedefs. These macros provide binary compatibility and newer, shorter
* synonyms.
*/
#define JS_SetNewScriptHook JS_SetNewScriptHookProc
#define JS_SetDestroyScriptHook JS_SetDestroyScriptHookProc
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_SetNewScriptHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSNewScriptHook hook, void *callerdata);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_SetDestroyScriptHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSDestroyScriptHook hook,
void *callerdata);
/************************************************************************/
typedef struct JSPropertyDesc {
jsval id; /* primary id, atomized string, or int */
jsval value; /* property value */
uint8_t flags; /* flags, see below */
uint8_t spare; /* unused */
jsval alias; /* alias id if JSPD_ALIAS flag */
} JSPropertyDesc;
#define JSPD_ENUMERATE 0x01 /* visible to for/in loop */
#define JSPD_READONLY 0x02 /* assignment is error */
#define JSPD_PERMANENT 0x04 /* property cannot be deleted */
#define JSPD_ALIAS 0x08 /* property has an alias id */
#define JSPD_EXCEPTION 0x40 /* exception occurred fetching the property, */
/* value is exception */
#define JSPD_ERROR 0x80 /* native getter returned JS_FALSE without */
/* throwing an exception */
typedef struct JSPropertyDescArray {
uint32_t length; /* number of elements in array */
JSPropertyDesc *array; /* alloc'd by Get, freed by Put */
} JSPropertyDescArray;
typedef struct JSScopeProperty JSScopeProperty;
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_GetPropertyDescArray(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, JSPropertyDescArray *pda);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_PutPropertyDescArray(JSContext *cx, JSPropertyDescArray *pda);
/************************************************************************/
/*
* JSAbstractFramePtr is the public version of AbstractFramePtr, a pointer to a
* StackFrame or baseline JIT frame.
*/
class JS_PUBLIC_API(JSAbstractFramePtr)
{
uintptr_t ptr_;
protected:
JSAbstractFramePtr()
: ptr_(0)
{ }
public:
explicit JSAbstractFramePtr(void *raw);
uintptr_t raw() const { return ptr_; }
operator bool() const { return !!ptr_; }
JSObject *scopeChain(JSContext *cx);
JSObject *callObject(JSContext *cx);
JSFunction *maybeFun();
JSScript *script();
bool getThisValue(JSContext *cx, JS::MutableHandleValue thisv);
bool isDebuggerFrame();
bool evaluateInStackFrame(JSContext *cx,
const char *bytes, unsigned length,
const char *filename, unsigned lineno,
JS::MutableHandleValue rval);
bool evaluateUCInStackFrame(JSContext *cx,
const jschar *chars, unsigned length,
const char *filename, unsigned lineno,
JS::MutableHandleValue rval);
};
class JS_PUBLIC_API(JSNullFramePtr) : public JSAbstractFramePtr
{
public:
JSNullFramePtr()
: JSAbstractFramePtr()
{}
};
/*
* This class does not work when IonMonkey is active. It's only used by jsd,
* which can only be used when IonMonkey is disabled.
*
* To find the calling script and line number, use JS_DescribeSciptedCaller.
* To summarize the call stack, use JS::DescribeStack.
*/
class JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBrokenFrameIterator)
{
void *data_;
public:
JSBrokenFrameIterator(JSContext *cx);
~JSBrokenFrameIterator();
bool done() const;
JSBrokenFrameIterator& operator++();
JSAbstractFramePtr abstractFramePtr() const;
jsbytecode *pc() const;
bool isConstructing() const;
};
/*
* This hook captures high level script execution and function calls (JS or
* native). It is used by JS_SetExecuteHook to hook top level scripts and by
* JS_SetCallHook to hook function calls. It will get called twice per script
* or function call: just before execution begins and just after it finishes.
* In both cases the 'current' frame is that of the executing code.
*
* The 'before' param is JS_TRUE for the hook invocation before the execution
* and JS_FALSE for the invocation after the code has run.
*
* The 'ok' param is significant only on the post execution invocation to
* signify whether or not the code completed 'normally'.
*
* The 'closure' param is as passed to JS_SetExecuteHook or JS_SetCallHook
* for the 'before'invocation, but is whatever value is returned from that
* invocation for the 'after' invocation. Thus, the hook implementor *could*
* allocate a structure in the 'before' invocation and return a pointer to that
* structure. The pointer would then be handed to the hook for the 'after'
* invocation. Alternately, the 'before' could just return the same value as
* in 'closure' to cause the 'after' invocation to be called with the same
* 'closure' value as the 'before'.
*
* Returning NULL in the 'before' hook will cause the 'after' hook *not* to
* be called.
*/
typedef void *
(* JSInterpreterHook)(JSContext *cx, JSAbstractFramePtr frame, bool isConstructing,
JSBool before, JSBool *ok, void *closure);
typedef JSBool
(* JSDebugErrorHook)(JSContext *cx, const char *message, JSErrorReport *report,
void *closure);
typedef struct JSDebugHooks {
JSInterruptHook interruptHook;
void *interruptHookData;
JSNewScriptHook newScriptHook;
void *newScriptHookData;
JSDestroyScriptHook destroyScriptHook;
void *destroyScriptHookData;
JSDebuggerHandler debuggerHandler;
void *debuggerHandlerData;
JSSourceHandler sourceHandler;
void *sourceHandlerData;
JSInterpreterHook executeHook;
void *executeHookData;
JSInterpreterHook callHook;
void *callHookData;
JSThrowHook throwHook;
void *throwHookData;
JSDebugErrorHook debugErrorHook;
void *debugErrorHookData;
} JSDebugHooks;
/************************************************************************/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetDebuggerHandler(JSRuntime *rt, JSDebuggerHandler hook, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetSourceHandler(JSRuntime *rt, JSSourceHandler handler, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetExecuteHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSInterpreterHook hook, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetCallHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSInterpreterHook hook, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetThrowHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSThrowHook hook, void *closure);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_SetDebugErrorHook(JSRuntime *rt, JSDebugErrorHook hook, void *closure);
/************************************************************************/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(size_t)
JS_GetObjectTotalSize(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(size_t)
JS_GetFunctionTotalSize(JSContext *cx, JSFunction *fun);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(size_t)
JS_GetScriptTotalSize(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
/************************************************************************/
extern JS_FRIEND_API(void)
js_RevertVersion(JSContext *cx);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(const JSDebugHooks *)
JS_GetGlobalDebugHooks(JSRuntime *rt);
/**
* Add various profiling-related functions as properties of the given object.
*/
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_DefineProfilingFunctions(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
/* Defined in vm/Debugger.cpp. */
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSBool)
JS_DefineDebuggerObject(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_DumpBytecode(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_DumpCompartmentBytecode(JSContext *cx);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_DumpPCCounts(JSContext *cx, JSScript *script);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(void)
JS_DumpCompartmentPCCounts(JSContext *cx);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSObject *)
JS_UnwrapObject(JSObject *obj);
extern JS_PUBLIC_API(JSObject *)
JS_UnwrapObjectAndInnerize(JSObject *obj);
/* Call the context debug handler on the topmost scripted frame. */
extern JS_FRIEND_API(JSBool)
js_CallContextDebugHandler(JSContext *cx);
#endif /* jsdbgapi_h___ */
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
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.. index:: balancing; operations
.. index:: balancing; configure
===============================
Manage Sharded Cluster Balancer
===============================
.. default-domain:: mongodb
.. contents:: On this page
:local:
:backlinks: none
:depth: 1
:class: singlecol
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The balancer process has moved from the :binary:`~bin.mongos` instances
to the primary member of the config server replica set.
This page describes common administrative procedures related
to balancing. For an introduction to balancing, see
:ref:`sharding-balancing`. For lower level information on balancing, see
:ref:`sharding-balancing-internals`.
.. important::
Use the version of the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell that corresponds to
the version of the sharded cluster. For example, do not use a 3.2 or
earlier version of :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell against the 3.4 sharded
cluster.
Check the Balancer State
------------------------
:method:`sh.getBalancerState()` checks if the balancer is enabled (i.e. that the
balancer is permitted to run). :method:`sh.getBalancerState()` does not check if the balancer
is actively balancing chunks.
To see if the balancer is enabled in your :term:`sharded cluster`,
issue the following command, which returns a boolean:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.getBalancerState()
You can also see if the balancer is enabled using :method:`sh.status()`.
The :data:`~sh.status.balancer.currently-enabled` field indicates
whether the balancer is enabled, while the
:data:`~sh.status.balancer.currently-running` field indicates if the
balancer is currently running.
.. _sharding-balancing-is-running:
Check if Balancer is Running
----------------------------
To see if the balancer process is active in your :term:`cluster
<sharded cluster>`:
.. important::
Use the version of the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell that corresponds to
the version of the sharded cluster. For example, do not use a 3.2 or
earlier version of :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell against the 3.4 sharded
cluster.
#. Connect to any :binary:`~bin.mongos` in the cluster using the
:binary:`~bin.mongo` shell.
#. Use the following operation to determine if the balancer is running:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.isBalancerRunning()
.. _sharded-cluster-config-default-chunk-size:
Configure Default Chunk Size
----------------------------
The default chunk size for a sharded cluster is 64 megabytes. In most
situations, the default size is appropriate for splitting and migrating
chunks. For information on how chunk size affects deployments, see
details, see :ref:`sharding-chunk-size`.
Changing the default chunk size affects chunks that are processes during
migrations and auto-splits but does not retroactively affect all chunks.
To configure default chunk size, see
:doc:`modify-chunk-size-in-sharded-cluster`.
.. _sharding-schedule-balancing-window:
.. _sharded-cluster-config-balancing-window:
Schedule the Balancing Window
-----------------------------
In some situations, particularly when your data set grows slowly and a
migration can impact performance, it is useful to ensure
that the balancer is active only at certain times. The following
procedure specifies the ``activeWindow``,
which is the timeframe during which the :term:`balancer` will
be able to migrate chunks:
.. include:: /includes/steps/schedule-balancer-window.rst
.. _sharding-balancing-remove-window:
Remove a Balancing Window Schedule
----------------------------------
If you have :ref:`set the balancing window
<sharding-schedule-balancing-window>` and wish to remove the schedule
so that the balancer is always running, use :update:`$unset` to clear
the ``activeWindow``, as in the following:
.. code-block:: javascript
use config
db.settings.update({ _id : "balancer" }, { $unset : { activeWindow : true } })
.. _sharding-balancing-disable-temporally:
.. _sharding-balancing-disable-temporarily:
Disable the Balancer
--------------------
By default, the balancer may run at any time and only moves chunks as
needed. To disable the balancer for a short period of time and prevent
all migration, use the following procedure:
#. Connect to any :binary:`~bin.mongos` in the cluster using the
:binary:`~bin.mongo` shell.
#. Issue the following operation to disable the balancer:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.stopBalancer()
If a migration is in progress, the system will complete the
in-progress migration before stopping.
.. include:: /includes/extracts/4.2-changes-stop-balancer-autosplit.rst
#. To verify that the balancer will not start, issue the following command,
which returns ``false`` if the balancer is disabled:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.getBalancerState()
Optionally, to verify no migrations are in progress after disabling,
issue the following operation in the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell:
.. code-block:: javascript
use config
while( sh.isBalancerRunning() ) {
print("waiting...");
sleep(1000);
}
.. note::
To disable the balancer from a driver,
use the :command:`balancerStop` command against the ``admin`` database,
as in the following:
.. code-block:: javascript
db.adminCommand( { balancerStop: 1 } )
.. _sharding-balancing-re-enable:
.. _sharding-balancing-enable:
Enable the Balancer
-------------------
Use this procedure if you have disabled the balancer and are ready to
re-enable it:
#. Connect to any :binary:`~bin.mongos` in the cluster using the
:binary:`~bin.mongo` shell.
#. Issue one of the following operations to enable the balancer:
From the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell, issue:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.startBalancer()
.. note::
To enable the balancer from a driver, use the :command:`balancerStart`
command against the ``admin`` database, as in the following:
.. code-block:: javascript
db.adminCommand( { balancerStart: 1 } )
.. include:: /includes/extracts/4.2-changes-start-balancer-autosplit.rst
Disable Balancing During Backups
--------------------------------
If MongoDB migrates a :term:`chunk` during a :doc:`backup
</core/backups>`, you can end with an inconsistent snapshot
of your :term:`sharded cluster`. Never run a backup while the balancer is
active. To ensure that the balancer is inactive during your backup
operation:
- Set the :ref:`balancing window <sharding-schedule-balancing-window>`
so that the balancer is inactive during the backup. Ensure that the
backup can complete while you have the balancer disabled.
- :ref:`manually disable the balancer <sharding-balancing-disable-temporarily>`
for the duration of the backup procedure.
If you turn the balancer off while it is in the middle of a balancing round,
the shut down is not instantaneous. The balancer completes the chunk
move in-progress and then ceases all further balancing rounds.
Before starting a backup operation, confirm that the balancer is not
active. You can use the following command to determine if the balancer
is active:
.. code-block:: javascript
!sh.getBalancerState() && !sh.isBalancerRunning()
When the backup procedure is complete you can reactivate
the balancer process.
Disable Balancing on a Collection
---------------------------------
You can disable balancing for a specific collection with the
:method:`sh.disableBalancing()` method. You may want to disable the
balancer for a specific collection to support maintenance operations or
atypical workloads, for example, during data ingestions or data exports.
When you disable balancing on a collection, MongoDB will not interrupt in
progress migrations.
To disable balancing on a collection, connect to a :binary:`~bin.mongos`
with the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell and call the
:method:`sh.disableBalancing()` method.
For example:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.disableBalancing("students.grades")
The :method:`sh.disableBalancing()` method accepts as its parameter the
full :term:`namespace` of the collection.
Enable Balancing on a Collection
--------------------------------
You can enable balancing for a specific collection with the
:method:`sh.enableBalancing()` method.
When you enable balancing for a collection, MongoDB will not *immediately*
begin balancing data. However, if the data in your sharded collection is
not balanced, MongoDB will be able to begin distributing the data more
evenly.
To enable balancing on a collection, connect to a :binary:`~bin.mongos`
with the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell and call the
:method:`sh.enableBalancing()` method.
For example:
.. code-block:: javascript
sh.enableBalancing("students.grades")
The :method:`sh.enableBalancing()` method accepts as its parameter the
full :term:`namespace` of the collection.
Confirm Balancing is Enabled or Disabled
----------------------------------------
To confirm whether balancing for a collection is enabled or disabled,
query the ``collections`` collection in the ``config`` database for the
collection :term:`namespace` and check the ``noBalance`` field. For
example:
.. code-block:: javascript
db.getSiblingDB("config").collections.findOne({_id : "students.grades"}).noBalance;
This operation will return a null error, ``true``, ``false``, or no output:
- A null error indicates the collection namespace is incorrect.
- If the result is ``true``, balancing is disabled.
- If the result is ``false``, balancing is enabled currently but has been
disabled in the past for the collection. Balancing of this collection
will begin the next time the balancer runs.
- If the operation returns no output, balancing is enabled currently and
has never been disabled in the past for this collection. Balancing of
this collection will begin the next time the balancer runs.
You can also see if the balancer is enabled using :method:`sh.status()`.
The :data:`~sh.status.balancer.currently-enabled` field indicates if the
balancer is enabled.
.. index:: balancing; secondary throttle
.. index:: secondary throttle
Change Replication Behavior for Chunk Migration
-----------------------------------------------
.. _sharded-cluster-config-secondary-throttle:
Secondary Throttle
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
During chunk migration, the ``_secondaryThrottle`` value determines
when the migration proceeds with next document in the chunk.
In the :data:`config.settings` collection:
- If the ``_secondaryThrottle`` setting for the balancer is set to a
write concern, each document move during chunk migration must receive
the requested acknowledgement before proceeding with the next
document.
- If the ``_secondaryThrottle`` setting for the balancer is set to
``true``, each document move during chunk migration must receive
acknowledgement from at least one secondary before the migration
proceeds with the next document in the chunk. This is equivalent to a
write concern of :writeconcern:`{ w: 2 } <\<number\>>`.
- If the ``_secondaryThrottle`` setting is unset, the migration process
does not wait for replication to a secondary and instead continues
with the next document.
Default behavior for :ref:`WiredTiger <storage-wiredtiger>` starting
in MongoDB 3.4.
To change the ``_secondaryThrottle`` setting, connect to a
:binary:`~bin.mongos` instance and directly update the
``_secondaryThrottle`` value in the :data:`~config.settings` collection
of the :ref:`config database <config-database>`. For example, from a
:binary:`~bin.mongo` shell connected to a :binary:`~bin.mongos`, issue
the following command:
.. code-block:: javascript
use config
db.settings.update(
{ "_id" : "balancer" },
{ $set : { "_secondaryThrottle" : { "w": "majority" } } },
{ upsert : true }
)
The effects of changing the ``_secondaryThrottle`` setting may not be
immediate. To ensure an immediate effect, stop and restart the balancer
to enable the selected value of ``_secondaryThrottle``.
For more information on the replication behavior during various steps
of chunk migration, see :ref:`chunk-migration-replication`.
For the :dbcommand:`moveChunk` command, you can use the command's
``_secondaryThrottle`` and ``writeConcern`` options to specify the
behavior during the command. For details, see :dbcommand:`moveChunk`
command.
.. _wait-for-delete-setting:
Wait for Delete
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ``_waitForDelete`` setting of the balancer and the
:dbcommand:`moveChunk` command affects how the balancer migrates
multiple chunks from a shard. By default, the balancer does not wait
for the on-going migration's delete phase to complete before starting
the next chunk migration. To have the delete phase **block** the start
of the next chunk migration, you can set the ``_waitForDelete`` to
true.
For details on chunk migration, see :ref:`sharding-chunk-migration`.
For details on the chunk migration queuing behavior, see
:ref:`chunk-migration-queuing`.
The ``_waitForDelete`` is generally for internal testing purposes. To
change the balancer's ``_waitForDelete`` value:
#. Connect to a :binary:`~bin.mongos` instance.
#. Update the ``_waitForDelete`` value in the :data:`~config.settings`
collection of the :ref:`config database <config-database>`. For
example:
.. code-block:: javascript
use config
db.settings.update(
{ "_id" : "balancer" },
{ $set : { "_waitForDelete" : true } },
{ upsert : true }
)
Once set to ``true``, to revert to the default behavior:
#. Connect to a :binary:`~bin.mongos` instance.
#. Update or unset the ``_waitForDelete`` field in the
:data:`~config.settings` collection of the :ref:`config database
<config-database>`:
.. code-block:: javascript
use config
db.settings.update(
{ "_id" : "balancer", "_waitForDelete": true },
{ $unset : { "_waitForDelete" : "" } }
)
.. _balance-chunks-that-exceed-size-limit:
Balance Chunks that Exceed Size Limit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By default, MongoDB cannot move a chunk if the number of documents in
the chunk is greater than 1.3 times the result of dividing the
configured :ref:`chunk size<sharding-chunk-size>` by the average
document size.
Starting in MongoDB 4.4, by specifying the balancer setting
``attemptToBalanceJumboChunks`` to ``true``, the balancer can migrate
these large chunks as long as they have not been labeled as
:ref:`jumbo <jumbo-chunk>`.
To set the balancer's ``attemptToBalanceJumboChunks`` setting, connect
to a :binary:`~bin.mongos` instance and directly update the
:data:`config.settings` collection. For example, from a
:binary:`~bin.mongo` shell connected to a :binary:`~bin.mongos`
instance, issue the following command:
.. code-block:: javascript
db.getSiblingDB("config").settings.updateOne(
{ _id: "balancer" },
{ $set: { attemptToBalanceJumboChunks : true } },
{ upsert: true }
)
When the balancer attempts to move the chunk, if the queue of writes
that modify any documents being migrated surpasses 500MB of memory the
migration will fail. For details on the migration procedure, see
:ref:`chunk-migration-procedure`.
If the chunk you want to move is labeled ``jumbo``, you can
:ref:`manually clear the jumbo flag <clear-jumbo-flag-manually>` to
have the balancer attempt to migrate the chunk.
Alternatively, you can use the :dbcommand:`moveChunk` command with
:ref:`forceJumbo: true <movechunk-forceJumbo>` to manually migrate
chunks that exceed the size limit (with or without the ``jumbo``
label). However, when you run :dbcommand:`moveChunk` with
:ref:`forceJumbo: true <movechunk-forceJumbo>`, write operations to the
collection may block for a long period of time during the migration.
.. _sharded-cluster-config-max-shard-size:
Change the Maximum Storage Size for a Given Shard
-------------------------------------------------
By default shards have no constraints in storage size. However, you can set a
maximum storage size for a given shard in the sharded cluster. When
selecting potential destination shards, the balancer ignores shards
where a migration would exceed the configured maximum storage size.
The :data:`~config.shards` collection in the :ref:`config
database<config-database>` stores configuration data related to shards.
.. code-block:: javascript
{ "_id" : "shard0000", "host" : "shard1.example.com:27100" }
{ "_id" : "shard0001", "host" : "shard2.example.com:27200" }
To limit the storage size for a given shard, use the
:method:`db.collection.updateOne()` method with the :update:`$set` operator to
create the ``maxSize`` field and assign it an ``integer`` value. The
``maxSize`` field represents the maximum storage size for the shard in
``megabytes``.
The following operation sets a maximum size on a shard of ``1024 megabytes``:
.. code-block:: javascript
config = db.getSiblingDB("config")
config.shards.updateOne( { "_id" : "<shard>"}, { $set : { "maxSize" : 1024 } } )
This value includes the mapped size of *all* data files on the
shard, including the ``local`` and ``admin`` databases.
By default, ``maxSize`` is not specified, allowing shards to consume the
total amount of available space on their machines if necessary.
You can also set ``maxSize`` when adding a shard.
To set ``maxSize`` when adding a shard, set the :dbcommand:`addShard`
command's ``maxSize`` parameter to the maximum size in ``megabytes``. The
following command run in the :binary:`~bin.mongo` shell adds a shard with a
maximum size of 125 megabytes:
.. code-block:: javascript
config = db.getSiblingDB("config")
config.runCommand( { addshard : "example.net:34008", maxSize : 125 } )
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Growth rate and growth probability of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy, meat and seafood products in suboptimal conditions.
To evaluate the performances of models predicting the growth rate or the growth probability of Listeria monocytogenes in food. Cardinal and square root type models including or not interactions between environmental factors and probability models were evaluated for their ability to describe the behaviour of L. monocytogenes in liquid dairy products, cheese, meat and seafood products. Models excluding interactions seemed sufficient to predict the growth rate of L. monocytogenes. However, the accurate prediction of growth/no-growth limits needed to take interactions into account. A complete and a simplified form (preservatives deducted) of a new cardinal model including interactions and parameter values were suggested to predict confidence limits for the growth rate of L. monocytogenes in food. This model could also be used for the growth probability prediction. The new cardinal model including interactions was efficient to predict confidence limits for the growth rate of L. monocytogenes and its growth probability in liquid dairy products, meat and seafood products. In cheese, the model was efficient to predict the absence of growth of the pathogen. The suggested model can be used for risk assessment and risk management concerning L. monocytogenes in dairy, meat and seafood products. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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"It is disheartening for me to pronounce sentence on a man of your position and background." "Your crime is the more serious in that you have misused your high place in our society... to betray a sacred trust." "You are sentenced to serve from five to 10 years in state prison... on each of the counts on which you have been found guilty." "The sentences to run concurrently." "[ Chattering ]" "Court is recessed." "[ Man ] All aboard!" "[ Indistinct ]" "All right, there he is now." "Uh, Mr. Cain, do you expect to get a new trial?" "Are you glad it's over?" "Do you feel your sentence was unjust?" "Just read your own papers, boys." "They've said it all." "Don't worry, Mr. Cain." "We won't bother you anymore." "From now on, you're yesterday's news." "Thank you." "Hey, let's talk about me." "I steal an empty slot machine and get 10 years." "This guy steals a million and gets five." "Figure that out, will you?" "That's why you got the 10, to figure it out." "Let's go." "Let's go." "Oh, smart guy, eh?" "Did you get that?" "Come on." "Good-bye, Jim." "Good-bye, Robert." "Oh, Mac." "Hello, Bob." "I didn't know you were here." "I got here late." "How is he?" "He's taking it remarkably well." "Well, did he, uh" " Did he say anything about me?" "No, he didn't." "Come on." "Walk out with me." "[ Horns Honking ]" "What are you going to do for him legally, I mean?" "I shall make the usual appeals, but I'm afraid it won't do any good." "What are your plans?" "Oh, I haven't any." "Look for a job, I guess." "I'm afraid you might have to." "By the time you settle up all the creditors, there'll be nothing left in the estate." "Well, if I can do anything for you, let me know." "Thanks, Mac." "Good-bye." "Good-bye." "[ Horns Honking ]" "In there." "Forty-eight." "Forty-eight." "Leave your clothes and personal effects in the dressing room, Mr. Cain." "Mr. Cain." "[ Chuckles ] 13826 from now on." "Name, please?" "Dugan, Tom." "Age?" "I'll be 58 when I get out." "Previous occupation?" "Thief." "Don't worry." "I'll get me old job back again." "All right, you can go." "Name, please?" "Cain, Robert." "Former occupation?" "Stock broker." "I used to be a customer's man myself." "I'm afraid there's no brokerage office in here." "Can you do anything else?" "Mmm." "I started as a boiler maker." "Well, how'd you like to start over again?" "It's not a bad idea." "Number 13826, boiler shop." "16033, 25334, in here." "13826 in here." "The top one's yours." "Thanks." "Got a chew?" "No." "I don't chew." "Do I get the breaks." "Last con was in here didn't have no hands, and I had to dress him every morning." "[ Footsteps Passing By ]" "I have an appointment with Mr. Peterson." "What was it about?" "I've told you seven times already." "My name is Robert Cain Jr." "Mr. Peterson was a great friend of my father's, and I've come to see him about a job." "Oh, yes." "I wonder if you could possibly come back tomorrow?" "I've been coming back tomorrow for over a week now." "Mr. Peterson is a very busy man." "Why don't you give him the real dope?" "The boss is giving you the runaround because of your old man." "Thanks, sonny." "[ Machine Clanking ]" "Hey, Thomas." "Thomas." "Oh." "Boss wants to see you." "Oh, thanks." "Uh-- [ Door Closes ]" "Your real name has just been called to my attention, Mr. Cain." "I'm going to let you go, not because your name is Cain, but because you didn't have the courage to admit it." "My father died in jail, an habitual drunkard." "But I kept my name because I happened to be proud of it." "I" " I'm sorry, sir." "But it seemed to me the only thing to do." "If you ever need a recommendation, I'll be glad to give you one." "Good day." "Thank you, sir." "[ Machine Clanking ]" "Oh, Bob." "Hello, Mac." "How are you, Bob?" "Fine." "I've ordered dinner for us in here." "Oh, thank you, sir." "Well, what's on your mind?" "A great deal, sir." "I haven't seen you for nearly a year now, have I?" "No." "What have you been doing?" "Well, I spent most of my time looking for a job." "I couldn't find one because of my name." "So I changed it." "Today I was fired for changing it." "Well, uh-- Have you, uh, seen this?" "He was sentenced the same day as my father." "Yes, I remember." "Well, what I want to know is if he's out, why is my father still in?" "Because there are certain methods that no respectable attorney would employ." "Why not?" "If they work, what's wrong with them?" "It's a question of legal ethics." "Oh." "You knew what my father was doing before they caught up with him, though, didn't you?" "Where were your legal ethics then?" "I don't think I quite like the trend of this conversation." "I don't care whether you like it or not." "Why aren't you doing something for him?" "If this shyster Brennan can fix a parole, why can't you?" "Well, for one thing, it costs money." "Oh." "A minute ago you were talking about legal ethics." "There's no question of money though when he set you up in practice." "Since when have you been so interested in getting your father out?" "You have a lot of time to think when you're walking the streets looking for work." "I've come to the conclusion that maybe my old man was right after all." "It was all these so-called friends of his who helped me find it out." "There isn't one of them who isn't in his debt one way or another." "Yet today they're all ashamed to admit they ever knew him." "Well, some of them, perhaps." "And that goes for you too." "Now let's forget all about legal ethics." "Are you going to help him or aren't you?" "I've already told you I can't." "All right." "Then if you won't, I'll get somebody who will." "?" "[ Piano:" "Jazz ]" "[ Meowing ]" "[ Buzzes ]" "[ Buzzes ]" "He isn't at home yet." "Oh, thanks." "You waiting for Brennan too?" "Mm-hmm." "Any idea where he is?" "Night court." "Likes to pick up cases there." "He says the people that get arrested at night are more natural." "I thought maybe from the milk bottles there he might be away." "Oh, no." "He drinks that with his Scotch, when he can get the Scotch." "I thought he had a pretty good business." "He did until the Mick went up." "Then he spent all his time and money trying to get the Mick paroled." "The Mick?" "Mickey Dwyer." "Oh." "Oh, do you know him?" "Know him?" "Nobody knows him." "They say I'm his girl." "That must be pretty good, huh?" "Ah, sometimes." "Sometimes it's not so hot." "You see this?" "That's all that stands between me and the W.P.A." "I'm out of a job too." "What do you do?" "I'm an actress." "I used to work at that joint across the street." "I should think with your connections with Dwyer... that you ought to be able to get a job." "That shows that you don't know the Mick." "Every guy in town that owns a joint knows that if they did me any favors... it would only mean one thing to him." "He'd blow their head off." "That's why I'm starving to death in a mink coat that I wouldn't dare sell." "Yeah." "Well, I-I see where he got his parole." "Yeah, I read that too." "Only I don't believe anything the papers say." "I figured the Judge ought to know." "Who?" "Brennan." "Oh." "Hey, look." "Get a load of the robin." "Hmm?" "Where?" "On the window sill." "Oh, yeah." "[ Chirping ]" "The first I've seen this spring." "You're supposed to make a wish." "Oh, yeah?" "Mm-hmm." "Bet yours was about a girl." "No." "What's your name?" "Johnny." "They call me Lucky." "Got a match, Johnny?" "Oh, yeah." "Mmm." "Never go hungry as long as you got that." "I'd go hungry before I'd part with it." "?" "[ Piano Continues ]" "Trouble." "He's stinking." "He always gets stinking when there's trouble." "Good evening, Lucky." "Good evening, my young friend." "Won't you come in?" "Now if this key will only perform the duty for which nature designed it." "You got it upside down." "[ Chuckles ] So I have, indeed." "Bring in the milk." "I'll get it." "Thanks." "[ Door Closes ] [ Thud ]" "Don't let that worry you." "We-We must all stumble over Shakespeare once in our lives." "Here, give me that, you." "Put the rest of them in there." "Where's the Mick?" "Is he out?" "Yes." "Yes, he's-he's out all right, but I don't know how long he's gonna stay out." "Trouble." "I knew it." "Yeah, nothing but trouble." "Say who-who-who's your young friend?" "Name's Johnny." "Johnny?" "Johnny what?" "Apollo." "Johnny Apollo." "Apollo, huh?" "Non semper arcum tendit, Apollo." "Come on, talk English." "Where's the Mick?" "Well, I've been looking for him everywhere." "Well, you're not going to find him in a bottle." "Well, maybe-maybe you can find him." "I can try." "Well, if you do, bring him here." "Hey, hey, hey, wait." "What does your friend want?" "I don't know." "Found him outside." "So long, Johnny." "Good luck, Lucky." "[ Coughs ]" "[ Sighs ]" "Mr. Brennan, I came to you for legal advice." "In trouble?" "Well, not exactly, but I have a friend who is." "He's in state prison." "I want to get him a new trial or arrange about parole or something." "Well, what's the rap?" "Embezzlement." "Embezzlement." "It's pretty hard to get a new trial on embezzlement." "When you embezzle money, you sign a lot of papers and convict yourself." "Yeah." "I hadn't thought about that." "Now if it was plain or a fancy crime, why, come to me." "Don't worry." "If that carpet could walk, it'd stagger." "Well, what about a parole?" "Money." "Well, I-I've got about $65." "You've got what?" "Sixty-five dollars." "[ Chuckles ] Go away, young man, and don't bother us." "We're not amused." " But, sir-- -"Step but with one foot within that circle," ""and on thy head, even if it wore a crown," "I'd launch the curse of Rome."" "What did you say, sir?" "Shh." "I'm teaching my elephants Shakespeare." "Now, don't move and they won't bother you." "[ Chuckles ]" "[ Sighs ]" "[ Doorbell Buzzes ]" "[ Door Opens ]" "Wake up." "Come on, wake up." "What's wrong?" "Oh, Mickey." "I said what's wrong?" "The police got Bates." "Where they got him?" "State Street." "Drunk and vagrancy." "Well, I can't show up down there, and you're- [ Mickey ] Who are you?" "He's an old friend of mine, a very old friend." "Johnny." "You want to make a hundred bucks?" "Well, I'd like to do him a favor if that's what you mean." "Get down to the State Street jail and spring a guy named John Bates." "Spring?" "Go his bail." "Get him out." "That's what I mean." "Bring him here." "No, wait a minute." "Bring him to the Paradise Club right across the street, huh?" "Yes, sir." "Hey, wait." "Here." "What do I want with these?" "Maybe Bates won't want to come with you, so you might have to insist." "Oh, I-I don't think I'll need them." "Take them with you anyway." "You might want to get weighed." "Yes, sir." "[ Door Opens, Closes ]" "Pay the clerk." "Say, who put up bail for me?" "Mickey Dwyer." "He wants to see you." "Tell him I'm leaving for Detroit." "Now wait a minute." "I said Dwyer wants to see you." "You can't run out on his bail." "I'll, uh, send it to him." "No, you don't." "You're coming with me." "[ Coins Clattering ]" "Taxi!" "[ Vehicle Approaching ]" "?" "Let them talk Let them think ?" "?" "What they want to ?" "?" "If it makes them feel happy that way ?" "?" "I know ?" "?" "I'll always love you ?" "?" "?" "No matter what they say ?" "That's swell." "That's soulful, you know?" "What other numbers have I missed?" "Here's one that just came out as you went in." "It must be an awfully sad song, because that's the way I felt then." "?" "[ Piano Stops ]" "Well, look who is here." "[ Mickey ] What's the idea of getting drunk and getting yourself pinched?" "Well, they were laying for me." "They're laying for you." "They're laying for all of us." "I suppose you shot your mouth off again." "I didn't say anything." "No." "You know, the last time they picked you up, it cost me 10 grand to square myself." "Now I don't mind about the money." "But this time if they'd gotten one thing out of you," "I go back to the pen." "Now, Mickey" "Can't you get it through your hophead that I'm on parole, not in the clear?" "But I didn't say a word." "No." "You don't know whether you said anything or not." "Sit down and shut up." "Okay, Mickey." "Thanks for the trouble." "No trouble at all." "Guys who cause me trouble gotta get hurt." "[ Chuckles ]" "Listen, you're not talking to the local talent." "I said sit down and shut up!" "Uh, Mr. Dwyer." "That bail was $200." "This is what's left." "Keep it." "You did what I told you." "I like guys who do what I tell them." "This is a friend of mine I want you to meet, Johnny, uh" "Apollo." "Yeah." "Johnny Apollo." "Hi, boys." "Hiya." "And he's no mug like you mugs." "This is Lucky." "Yeah." "We met up at Brennan's." "Hey, that's quite an eye you're getting." " Harry, get some beef steak, the best in the house." " Okay." "You know the Judge?" "Here, grab a chair." "Thanks." "I don't know how long you've known him, but I want to tell you something." "There's the sweetest, no-good drunk that ever lived." "He never missed a single visitor's day the whole time I was in the pen, did you?" "And he took my mother-- God bless her-- 15 miles to mass every Sunday." "If I ever get married, he's gonna be my best man." "I think that calls for a round." "Here you are, Lucky." "Thanks." "Here's to you, old-timer." "Mickey, I, uh-- I couldn't find any steak." "Just chops and liver." "It's a wonder you guys didn't starve to death while I was in hock." "Come on with me, Johnny." "[ Chuckles ]" "You know when I was a kid, I blew one of these things open, thinking it was a safe." "Here, sit down." "This'll fix it up." "Now just keep that there." "Yeah." "If there's anything better in Scotch than milk, it's buttermilk." "Hey." "See those holes?" "Yeah." "Them's bullet holes." "Hmm." "Yeah." "Marty the drummer emptied his gun into me before I got mine out." "I only shot him once, right between the eyes." "Here, feel." "Feel that lump?" "Know what that is?" "Huh?" "It's a slug from a .38." "Look, I got another one." "See that?" "Hmm." "I got six in me." "Got a regular collection." "They call me "Mickey, the walking paperweight." [ Chuckles ]" "Don't they ever bother you?" "Yeah, when it rains." "Someday I'm going back up to state prison and have them taken out." "Hmm." "That's a nice, cheerful place for an operation." "Well, you see, the prison doc's a friend of mine." "He took care of me when I got shot." "He didn't take the slugs out then because I caught pneumonia." "I have a friend up there too." "Who hasn't?" "What's his name?" "Robert Cain." "Pops Cain, old man moneybags." "Yeah, that's the one." "Why, sure." "I knew him well." "Say, now there is the grandest guy that ever lived." "You'd never know he was a millionaire." "And he was the only con in the joint who didn't claim he'd been framed." "He wouldn't take anything soft." "No." "He goes to work in a boiler plant, you know, with one of those pneumatic drills." "They jar your head off, you know, and they leave your hands as raw as that piece of steak there." "You never heard a squawk out of him." "Mm-mmm." "He'd just wrap a rag around his dukes and go to it again." "Oh, what a guy." "He could take it." "How well did you know him?" "He paid my way through college." "Oh, I bet you went first-class." "Yes, I did." "What are you doing now, Johnny?" "Oh, just looking for a job, that's all, so I can pay him back." "Ah, he wouldn't want to be paid back." "I'd like to, anyway." "Well, you quit worrying." "You got a job." "You're working for me." "Now stick that steak in your eye and come on." "?" "[ Piano ] ?" "[ Lucky Humming ]" "?" "[ Stops Humming ]" "Go on and sit down." "I'll do another song." "?" "[ Piano Stops ] [ Man ] How about a little clarinet with this?" "?" "[ Piano Resumes ]" "?" "This is the beginning of the end ?" "?" "I can see it in your eyes ?" "?" "?" "In everything you do" "?" "Oh, you're afraid to tell me that we're through ?" "?" "But I can tell by looking at you that ?" "?" "This is the beginning of the end ?" "?" "You just give yourself away with everything you say ?" "?" "And though you never told me we must part ?" "?" "Still I can read the writing on your heart ?" "?" "Why is it now when I hold your hand ?" "?" "There's some little something that I miss ?" "?" "What has become of the warmth in your smile ?" "?" "And where's that little mischief ?" "?" "?" "In your good night kiss ?" "?" "Oh, this is the beginning of the end ?" "?" "I can see the thrill is gone ?" "?" "Why let it linger on ?" "?" "Why lie to me and say it isn't so ?" "?" "For when I hold you in my arms ?" "?" "I know ?" "?" "That this ?" "?" "This is the beginning ?" "?" "Of the end ?" "[ Man On P.A. ] The fourth race at Latonia." "Sweet Priscilla going strong." "And at the turn, it's still Sweet Priscilla." "Sweet Priscilla with Hot Toddy second and Condiment third." "In the stretch, it's Sweet Priscilla all by herself." "At the finish, it's Sweet Priscilla." "Sweet Priscilla!" "I had her right on the nose." "Come on, kid." "Place over Hot Toddy." "There is Sweet Priscilla, the winner, Condiment to place, Hot Toddy to show." "Mick seems pretty fond of our young friend, doesn't he?" "You think the kid will reform the Mick?" "Or vice versa." "[ Bell Rings ]" "How'd you do?" "Not bad." "Look at all this." "I put the guy in business and now he doesn't want to cut me in." "Isn't there something you generally do about that?" "The guy's married to my sister." "What can I do?" "Hey, Paul." "Hiya, Paul." "Hello, Mickey." "Glad to see you." "Want you to meet a friend of mine." "This is Johnny Apollo." "Johnny, shake hands with my brother-in-law." "Oh, hello." "How are you?" "Always glad to meet a friend of Mickey's." "Now just make yourself at home." "Come in any time." "I'll see you later, Mickey." "That's him." "That's the guy." "He thinks he's a big shot." "If my sister wasn't so daffy about him," "I'd like to shove his teeth right down his throat." "Would you really like a cut in this place?" "Well, naturally, a guy gets a little sentimental about such things." "You know," "I'm going to stick this whole wad on a dog in the next race that can't lose." "[ Man On P.A. ] At Jamaica, the seventh race." "They're running!" "Coming by the stand for the first time, it's Anaconda out in front by a length," "Slippery Elm is second by a half and French Pete." "At the quarter, it's Anaconda by four lengths, Slippery Elm by a half," "French Pete by two lengths and Marimba." "Around the far turn, it's Anaconda by five lengths." "Marimba moving into second by a head," "French Pete is third by two lengths and Slippery Elm." "Coming down the stretch, it's Anaconda and Marimba." "And it's going to be a driving finish." "Slippery Elm." "Marimba's moving out in front and pulling away." "Anaconda goes to the whip." "French Pete is holding back." "Where's Slippery Elm?" "Come up to the line of finish, it's Marimba by three lengths," "Anaconda by a half and French Pete." "Where's Slippery Elm?" "Slippery Elm folded in the stretch." "[ Chuckles ]" "At the finish, Marimba, Anaconda-- [ Laughing ]" "[ Man On P.A. Continues, Indistinct ] [ Laughing ]" "Come on, Dad." "Help me figure out someone else." "I know." "I know." "You better get Lucky and get out of here." "The place is gonna be raided." "Raided?" "How do you know?" "I just called the cops, gave them the address." "Why, you-- Now wait a minute." "Shh." "As I don't know much about this sort of thing, but it just occurred to me that maybe you could prove to your brother-in-law... that you've got an in with the cops by warning him that there's gonna be a raid." "Nah." "He wouldn't believe me." "He'll believe it after they're here." "Then he might believe that you got an in with the higher-ups." "He'll be awful anxious to cut you in." "Yeah, but the cops." "Ah, that's kind of raw." "Isn't it?" "You know, kid, you and I are gonna get along." "You get Lucky and get out of here." "Hey, Lucky." "Johnny's gonna take you home." "But-- We'll talk about that later." "Come on, Judge, you and I got some business." "Now where is dear brother Paul?" "[ Chuckles ]" "What did you wish that time?" "What time?" "Remember the robin?" "Oh, yeah." "[ Chuckles ]" "What did you wish?" "I wished that Mickey would get out of jail." "That's the one thing I wanted most, then." "Now what did you wish?" "Ah, I can guess." "You wished that friend of yours was out too, that rich guy." "What are you talking about?" "You're not fooling me." "Mickey told me all about you and him." "Yeah, that's what I wished." "I guess that's what I want most of all." "Is that why you're playing around with Mickey?" "Listen, Johnny." "I don't know how bad you want it, but don't pay too much for it." "What is this, a sermon?" "I feel sort of responsible for you." "For me?" "Yeah." "Till you rang that doorbell at Brennan's that night, you'd never done a dishonest thing in your life." "Ah, you might be able to fool Mickey, but you can't fool me any." "I can take care of myself." "Yeah, a lot of people think that... and they wind up with the state taking care of them." "I started out to do something, and I'm going to do it." "Some people get too smart for themselves." "Oh, Johnny, I don't mean to butt in." "All right, you haven't." "Let's cut it out." "I hate fights." "I didn't know we'd had one." "It felt like one, but I forgive you." "Come on." "Let's make up." "You can kiss me if you want to." "[ Clock Ticking ]" "Did you get my letter?" "Uh, yes." "And I was very glad to get it." "You're looking well." "Mmm." "Perhaps it's the diet and the regular hours." "I've really forgotten what it meant to have an appetite." "[ Chuckles ] You remember how I used to hate lima beans?" "Oh, yes." "[ Chuckles ] [ Chuckles ]" "Well, now when I get 'em after a hard day's work, I love 'em." "Being in prison has its compensations, I suppose." "Well, what have they-- What have they got you doing now?" "Oh, I'm in the boiler shop." "Oh." "Mm-hmm." "Now that I've won my calluses, they tell me I'm in line for promotion." "[ Chuckles ] Foreman." "Oh." "[ Chuckles ] I always knew you'd make good." "[ Chuckles ]" "Well, tell me about yourself." "Oh, there isn't much to tell." "I've taken your advice and grown up." "I think it was all your friends that helped me do that." "I bet I have more friends in here than I have on the outside." "You'd win that bet." "Have you got a job?" "Yes." "What are you doing?" "Well, I" "[ Guard ] One minute." "One minute." "Maybe I better get to the good news quickly." "How would you like to get a parole?" "Parole?" "Why, McLaughlin said I wasn't eligible yet." "Yeah, but this isn't McLaughlin." "I've been working this out with, well, with some other friends of yours." "Do you really think there's a chance?" "It's a good one." "If it comes off, you'll be out of here in a few weeks." "You're not joking." "I can stand this place when I know I've gotta stay here." "But with the hope of getting out" "Then don't you worry." "Everything's practically set." "Sorry, Pop." "I'll have to break it up." "Good-bye." "Good-bye-- Oh." "Mind if I give you some advice, Pop?" "No, go ahead." "You've got a good record here, and you'll get plenty of time off for good behavior." "Now, why don't you let nature take its course... instead of playin' around with a rat like that?" "What do you mean?" "You know what I mean." "You were talkin' parole with Apollo, weren't you?" "Who's Apollo?" "Don't try to kid me." "Johnny Apollo, Mickey Dwyer's front man." "Oh, no." "You're mistaken." "No, I'm not." "Didn't I see him with my own eyes come in here with the Mick?" "Why, no." "He's-- As big a rat as Dwyer, only smoother." "Come on." "?" "[ Light Piano ]" "There's your end." "[ Chuckles ]" "What'd he say?" "He squawked as only a guilty guy can squawk." "Yeah, until the judge showed him those old contracts with his signature on 'em." "It oughta be a lesson to both of you." "Be careful what you sign." "Yeah." "You know, you're gonna have enough dough to pay ol' man Cain back before you know it." "Yeah." "Me?" "I'm gonna put mine into an annuity." "You know, in this business, a guy should always put somethin' away for his old age." "Hello, Lucky." "Hello." "Hello." "Hey, Johnny." "You know what holds that dress up?" "Yep." "Now don't go givin' away any trade secrets." "All right, what does?" "Whalebone." "[ Chuckles ] Ohh." " Who told you?" " My old man." "He must be quite a guy, your old man." "He is." "Here, sit down." "There we are." "Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to run along." "Good night." "Night." "Hand me that racing' form." "Hey, how long would it take me to learn how to talk English?" "Why?" "I was just askin'." "I want to see Mr. Robert Cain, please." "Well, who shall I say wants to see him?" "His son." "[ Gate Squeaks, Closes ]" "[ Chuckles ]" "[ Loud Rattling ]" "[ No Audible Dialogue ] [ Rattling Continues ]" "[ Rattling Continues ]" "[ Gate Rattles, Squeaks ]" "Who did you say you wanted to see?" "Mr. Robert Cain." "I'm his son." "Well, Mr. Cain says he has no son." "?" "[ Jazz ]" "?" "They say that Fred Astair e gets a grand a minute ?" "?" "Just tapping' his feet ?" "?" "And Isadora Duncan made a million in it ?" "?" "Oh, isn't that sweet ?" "?" "But far beneath the notice of the noble Ballet Russe ?" "?" "?" "Lies the germ of revolution ?" "?" "That will someday cook its goose ?" "?" "For a dime a dozen now you get ?" "?" "Arabesque, pirouette ?" "?" "Buck and Wing, Lindy Hop ?" "?" "Hep, hep Chickie the cop ?" "?" "Dancin' for nickels and dimes ?" "?" "What a show you'll see under each marquis ?" "?" "Along about 11:30 ?" "?" "Dancin' for nickels and dimes ?" "?" "Those Nijinskies from every low-down slum ?" "?" "They're ragamuffins and they're dirty ?" "?" "You sawHamlet What did you see ?" "?" "Nothin' that's worth your $5.50 ?" "?" "You heardTosca What did you hear ?" "?" "?" "It may be uplifting But wouldn't be nifty as ?" "?" "Down round that Square known as Times ?" "?" "When you've done the Met and the Theatre Guild ?" "?" "?" "You find as yet that you ain't been thrilled ?" "?" "Watch those urchins Urchins dancin' ?" "?" "Dancin' for nickels and dimes ?" "?" "Request your number ?" "?" "Or will you have a hunk of rumba ?" "?" "Who said a minuet ?" "?" "Well, there's your minuet ?" "?" "It's the Minuet in G ?" "?" "?" "Or is it in the key of C" "?" "?" "Whatever key it happens to be ?" "?" "They're dancin' for nickels and dimes ?" "?" "Alley cattin' ?" "?" "Around that Square known as Times ?" "?" "In Manhattan ?" "?" "So get yourself a ringside seat ?" "?" "Out in the middle of the street ?" "?" "?" "And watch those urchins ?" "?" "Watch those toughies those "ragamuffies" ?" "?" "Dancin' for nickels and dimes ?" "You know, every time she sings that song" "Hiya, Mickey." "Hiya, Sergeant." "Oh, I'm fine, just fine." "Remember how I used to be all crippled up with arthritis?" "Well, I just had a couple of teeth pulled." "I never felt better." "You didn't come around here to tell us about your arthritis." "No, as a matter of fact, I didn't." "I've got a little present for you, Mickey." "Here." "What's that?" "Oh, here, Johnny." "Take a look for yourself." "I've got one for you too." "I-I've got the car outside." "I don't want to embarrass you boys, so I'll just wait out there for you." "And, uh, don't be too long." "Pretty smart flatfoot, aren't you?" "Well, well." "Everybody's here." "Here." "You can come along with Mickey." "What is all this?" "What do you think it is?" "We're pinched." "Come here." "Get ahold of Brennan, quick." "Tell him to get down to headquarters." "We'll need a habeas corpus." "Say, isn't there enough trouble already without you gettin' plastered?" "[ Scoffs ]" "Eh, the Mick's been in tighter spots than this before." "I know, but I'm not worried about the Mick." "Yes, I know, but" "He who dances with the devil must pay somebody." "I" "I forget who." "What do you mean by that?" "I mean, Johnny's name has been signed to a lot of checks." "And they're not made payable to the community chest." "Since when is givin' money a crime?" "Since the new grand jury's been sworn in." "What'll happen to him if they send him up?" "Well, he'll probably get about five years and acquire a taste for hard tack and chicory." "I don't mean that." "I mean, what's gonna happen to him inside?" "Of all things, not to have been born is best." "Oh, if I could only get my hands on the first guy that called me "Lucky."" "No." "It's all right for me to say that, but not for you." "You're young, and you're beautiful." "And besides, you're in love." "Who says I'm in love?" "You do, every time you open your mouth." "He is swell." "Swell is hardly the word to describe Johnny." "Look." "We've got to find some way to help him." "We can't help him." "Only one man can." "The man who hurt him-- It's his father." "His father?" "Yes, Robert Cain." "Say, is there anything you don't know?" "I could figure that one out even when I was drunk." "Let me see." "Cain comes up for parole pretty soon." "It shouldn't be difficult to get them together." "Aw, that don't make sense to me." "How can we get 'em together if he's bein' paroled and Johnny goes up?" "Maybe Johnny doesn't go up." "You mean-- You mean you might be able to fix it?" "I think so." "Oh, go away." "Go away." "Can't you see I'm" "I'm going to be busy." "Okay." "Lucky." "You're not getting into anything over your head, are you?" "No, honest." "I'm old enough to know when I'm not playin' in my own league." "Well, anybody that plays ball in your league has got to play a pretty fair brand of ball." "Now, scram." "[ Door Closes ]" "[ Door Closes ]" "Hello, Mickey." "This joint smells like a brewery." "You gettin' ready to go on a bat?" "No." "Hey, what do you got there?" "Some of your papers." "What are you gonna do with 'em?" "Well, why take chances at a time like this?" "I'm gonna put 'em in the bank." "Oh." "Yeah, that's a good idea." "That's what I thought." "So long, Judge." "So long." "Just for fun, why don't you tail him?" "[ Footsteps Approaching ]" "How badly do you want Mickey Dwyer?" "Enough." "Would you be interested in making a deal?" "There's a Dictaphone in this office, Mr. Brennan." "Well, I've got to take chances if I want to get him off." "I've got the records on every one of his gang." "Now, if you're willing to drop the charges against Dwyer," "I'll help build a case against the rest of his men that'll send them up for 20 years." "I'm not interested in them." "How about Johnny Apollo?" "Don't you want him?" "No." "I want Dwyer." "Well, I'm sorry I took up so much of your time." "I thought you might possibly be interested in making a deal of some sort." "Now, if you'd come in here and asked me... if I'd be willing to drop my charges against Apollo for evidence on Dwyer" "Well, I'm Dwyer's attorney." "You're not suggesting that I cross him, are you?" "Oh, I'm not suggesting anything." "I'm merely giving you the only basis on which I'd be willing to make a deal." "Well, supposing I do cross him." "What do I get out of it?" "My promise that the beneficiary in your deal, whoever he is, will not be brought to trial." "Whatever arrangements you make with him, of course, is none of my business." "Well, Apollo can't pay me the money that Dwyer can." "That's your worry." "I have nothing to add to what I've already said." "[ Sighs ]" "Well, a half a loaf is better than none." "You've made a deal." "There's his deposit slips, his bankbook... and his private calling list in the police department." "I think you'll find everything there you need." "And..." "Apollo goes free?" "[ Horns Honking ]" "[ Murmuring ]" "I'll be seein' ya." "?" "[ Conga ]" "[ Laughing ]" "?" "[ Continues ]" "What's the matter?" "You seen the Judge today?" "No, I guess he's out trying to find out about that new evidence." "Yeah, I guess that's it." "We finally caught up with him." "Where?" "Anderson's Turkish baths sobering up." "Tell 'em to keep that dance goin' for 10 minutes longer." "?" "[ Conga ] [ Laughing ]" "[ Brennan ] Lay still." "Go on!" "Lay still." "Don't make any noise." "[ Grumbling ] Lay still." "[ Chuckles ] Step but with one foot within that circle and..." "[ Slurring ] on thy head even if it wore a crown, I'd launched the curse of Rome." "[ Brennan Yelps ]" "?" "[ Conga ]" "?" "[ Organ ]" "Will you come with me a moment, Mr. Apollo?" "Haven't you guys got any sense of decency?" "That's all right, Mickey." "I'll go along." "You know who I am?" "I think so." "Apollo, we want to know if you can tell us where Mickey Dwyer was... between 11:00, 11:15 night before last." "Night before-- Well, he was with me." "The whole time?" "Yeah." "You'd swear to that?" "Certainly I'd swear to it." "[ Scoffs ] You're all alike." "You'd swear your life away to alibi a rat like Dwyer." "Now wait a minute." "If you want to call him a rat, bring him in here and tell him to his face." "If you're talking to me, talk to me and leave my friends out of it." "I'm talking to you because you're his alibi." "Alibi for what?" "For murdering Brennan." "[ Scoffs ] Why should he kill his best friend?" "I suppose you don't know that Brennan was getting ready to sell out Dwyer." "It's awfully easy to slander a dead man." "I suppose you weren't in on the same deal." "I don't know what you're talking about." "He doesn't know what I'm talking about." "Look, I'm your friend." "You don't want to go to jail." "You tell me the truth about Brennan's death, and I'll drop my charges against you." "Why should I fall for that?" "If I'm going up, all right, I'm going up." "I'm not gonna perjure myself so you can frame Dwyer." "It's your last chance." "Are you with us or are you with Dwyer?" "I'm with Dwyer." "'Cause he's frankly out for himself, and he admits it." "There are a lot of people that are a lot cheaper than Dwyer." "All right." "Get out." "I'm getting out." "I need fresh air anyway." "Some day one of those people will tell me something that remotely resembles the truth." "I'm gonna drop dead of the shock." "If Apollo sticks to his story, you'll never get Dwyer for murder." "No, but thanks to Brennan, we got enough on him to send him up for life already." "What about Apollo?" "Do we let him go?" "He's had his chance." "We made a deal." "We owe it to Brennan." "To Brennan, not Apollo." "And you can't pay a debt to a dead man." "He was trying to help us." "Help us?" "Why?" "He thought we were in love." "Can you beat it?" "That's what you think." "But the perfect prison ain't been built yet." "Now get this." "The last time I was up, I noticed the prison laundry's got an outside gate." "You see here?" "There's your street." "Mm-hmm." "Now every night at 8:30 they open that gate to let the laundry trucks in." "And one night we'll be rollin' out right along with 'em." "Yeah, but they know that's a weak spot as well as we do." "It's gonna be as hard to get into the laundry as to get out of jail." "So all right." "So once we get in the laundry, we're as good as out, ain't we?" "Huh?" "Sure." "I think I got this thing licked." "You see that ventilating system?" "Three-foot tubes." "Plenty of room." "Look." "Say, Mickey, this one leads from the laundry into the library." "What do you think I been tellin' you?" "Now get this." "It's a cinch to get in the prison library any night after chow." "They know I'm nuts about reading'." "Johnny's all broken-out with education." "What about me?" "Well, you can kid 'em along." "Now, get this." "Come here, Joe." "That gate opens at 8:30 sharp." "We'll be in the laundry, right on time." "And one of those trucks will be ours." "Yeah, but how do we get it?" "How do we get it?" "You hijack one up the road." "You drive in the gate when the others do." "[ Joe ] You don't need to arrange no break." "You'll beat this rap." "[ Dwyer ] Will you let me worry about that and keep your trap shut?" "What you gotta worry about is time." "Everything's gotta go off like that." "[ Snapping ] Whatcha doin'?" "Playin' games?" "Oh, hello, Johnny." "Hello, Mickey." "Lucky." "Hello, Johnny." "Hello." "If you're through with these blueprints, I gotta get 'em back before somebody misses 'em." "We're all through." "Okay." "I'll drop these off and meet you at the courthouse." "Check." "Johnny." "Are you in on this break?" "Yeah." "What for?" "'Cause I don't figure on spending the best years of my life in prison." "If they send you up at all, it'll just be for three or four years." "That's too much." "I've seen what a couple of years can do to one man." "I'm not gonna let the same thing happen to me." "You oughta be thinkin' about what'll happen if you get away with it." "Listen." "When I want your advice, I'll ask for it." "Look, he's usin' you, Johnny, just usin' you." "Now get this through your head." "Mickey's not running me and neither are you." "Oh, I'm sorry, Lucky." "It's okay." "Pickin' on you of all people." "Forget it, will you?" "Haven't you caused enough trouble already?" "Why don't you let the kid alone?" "It's time you guys went down to the courthouse." "I'll be along later." "Aw, don't be too much later." "[ Door Closes ] Now what's eatin' you?" "You know it's the truth." "You're usin' him." "All right." "What if I am?" "From now on, I'm not worryin' about anybody but Mickey Dwyer, see?" "If he can be useful to me, I'll use him, or you, or anybody." "What's it to you, anyway?" "It's plenty to me." "You're stuck on the kid, ain't you?" "What if I am?" "Maybe I oughta be annoyed, but I'm not." "He's got too much class for a cheap dame like you." "You'll come crawlin' back." "Not after Brennan." "What about Brennan?" "Do I look dumb?" "Brennan's tryin' to get Johnny off." "The D.A.'s got new evidence on Mickey Dwyer, and Brennan gets bumped off." "I suppose that's a coincidence." "Was Johnny in on that deal?" "No, but I was." "You were?" "Yes, I was." "Why don't you stick an ice pick in me?" "Why, you dirty little double-crossin'" "[ Gasps ]" "You thinkin' of usin' your information?" "Not the way you think." "[ Sighs ]" "[ Clattering ]" "Leave your clothes-- I know." "You leave your personal effects in the dressing room." "Forty!" "Leave your clothes and personal effects in the dressing room." "Thirty-eight!" "What's your name?" "Bates." "First name." "Harry." "Former occupation?" "I'm an engraver." "Name please." "Apollo." "Johnny." "Your real name." "I haven't any." " Former occupation?" " Embezzler, second generation." "[ Paper Tearing ]" "Name, please." "Miss Dubarry?" "Yes." "Won't you sit down?" "I don't think I've ever had the pleasure." "I'm a friend of Johnny Apollo's." "I'm not interested in any friends of his." "I know he's your son, Mr. Cain." "He seems to have forgotten it." "He never forgot." "He put his soul in hock to try and get you outta here." "That's how he got mixed up with Dwyer." "Are you asking me to believe this?" "I was there the first time he came to see a shady lawyer to try and swing a parole foryou." "He kept gettin' in deeper and deeper." "All the time, he never had a wrong thought in his head." "What kind of a father do you call yourself, anyway?" "What's all this got to do with you?" "I think that I love him more than you do." "Only I can't stop him from makin' a mess out of his life, and you can." "Perhaps I can make this a little easier for you." "I think he means just as much to me as he does to you." "Might be stupid to try and talk in here, but there's something I must tell you." "Well, there are no secrets in jail." "I've got to take the chance." "What I'm telling you is between us." "If you can't do anything about it, just forget it." "[ Quietly ] There's gonna be a jailbreak tonight and Johnny's in on it." "Break?" "How do you know?" "I've known it all along." "I didn't know when until today." "They're goin' through the library." "Library?" "To get to the laundry where a truck will be waitin'." "When?" "Tonight between 8:00 and 8:30." "Then they're goin' out through the ventilating system." " Who's "they"?" " Johnny and Mickey Dwyer... and some other guy." "Johnny thinks that the Mick is his best friend because he's never let him down." "But he doesn't know that the Mick had a lot of other friends too." "Brennan was one." "Was that the lawyer?" "He was killed by Mickey Dwyer." "Just because he was tryin' to help Johnny." "You tell him that." "Tell him that Lucky told you." "He'll know it's the truth." " Did you say 8:30?" " There's still time enough to stop him." "You've got to." "Listen, Mr. Cain." "If he gets away with it, he'll have to go into hiding'." "And I'll have him for the rest of his life because I'll go and hide with him." "If you stop him, you'll have him." "I'll never see him again." "And I'm tellin' you to stop him." "[ Sniffs ] Aw, this cockeyed handkerchief has lipstick all over it." "[ Sniffs ] There's no reason why you shouldn't see him again." "I'm leavin' town." "Where to?" "As far as 20 bucks and a mink coat'll take me." "[ Vehicle Approaching ]" "Hold it." "Hello, Pops." "Leave him alone!" "Sit down there, Pop, and you won't get hurt." "Here's your gun." "[ Banging ] Wait a minute." "I've caused you enough harm already." "But this is one thing I'm not going to let you do." "You're not going to get out of here." "Listen!" "I've listened to you too often." "If you go through with this, you're finished." "It's a little late to think of that, isn't it?" "I'm not going to stand by and see you throw your life away." "Can't you take it?" "Not this." "You're not going." "Now wait a minute." "Don't make me do anything that I'll be sorry for." "Just keep out of my way." "Come on!" "Don't go with him!" "He'll cross you the same as he crossed Brennan!" "He killed Brennan, your best friend." "You're crazy." "It's the truth!" "Lucky told me." "Go on, Mickey, tell him!" "Tell him the truth!" "Tell him you killed Brennan!" "I thought I told you to sit down!" "Come on, Johnny." "Hurry up." "There's a jailbreak." "It's starting in the li" "[ Clattering ]" "[ Siren Wails ]" "Come on, Johnny." "[ Alarms Blaring ]" "Yes." "Break in the library." "Break in the library." "Break in the library." "[ Alarms Continue ]" "Break in the library." "Break in the library." "Break in the library." "[ Alarms Continue ]" "What got into him?" "Come on." "Leave the gun." "Let him take the rap." "[ Alarms Continue ]" "[ Banging ]" "[ Gunshots ]" "[ Banging Continues ]" "[ Man on P.A. ] South Tower." "They're in the laundry." "They're in the laundry." "Come back here, you yellow rat!" "They're in the laundry." "South Tower." "They're in the laundry." "[ Alarms Continue ]" "South Tower." "South Tower." "They're in the laundry." "[ Gunshots ] [ Hissing ]" "[ Gunshots ]" "[ Mickey Screaming, Indistinct ]" "Get back to laundry." "Hello?" "Hello?" "[ Clicking Receiver ]" "Hello." "We're in the library." "Send the doctor and the warden." "Wh-Where's my father?" "I'm takin' you to him." "Hey, what happened?" "That's the guy that shot Pop Cain while he was phoning'." "What are his chances, Doctor?" "He's been unconscious practically all the time." "He keeps murmuring about his son." "Yes, Cain has a son." "We'll look him up and notify him." "Work on Apollo." "Find out where they got those guns and how." "As long as I've been here, every time they've had an execution it's made me sick to my stomach." "But if Cain dies, I'd be willing to pull the switch on Apollo myself." "[ Whispering ] Ihavegot a son." "I've got a son." "Let me outta here." "Let me outta here!" "I've gotta get to my father." "I tell you that I'm" "Shut up!" "Ain't no one can hear you out here but me, and I'm deaf!" "[ Chattering ] [ Register Rings ]" "Come on, you." "The warden wants to see you." "Is this the man?" "Yes, sir." "Is my father all right?" "Tell him your name, Johnny, your real name." "Robert Cain Jr." "Is he going to live?" "Get me Dr. Brown." "If you're Cain's son, why did you shoot him?" "I didn't." "Hello, Doctor." "Is Cain conscious?" "I want to see him." "Long enough to make an identification and to answer one question." "Yes, right away." "We'll go over to the hospital." "Just wait here." "He'll be all right, Johnny." "Don't mind if I call you Johnny." "That's the way I'll always know you." "All right." "But don't be too long." "Dad?" "Dad?" "Dad?" "Dad?" "[ Sighs ] Hello." "Good-bye." "[ Laughs ] Hello!" "Gosh, it's good to see you." "Hey, you're looking fine." "I guess those lima beans agreed with me too." "[ Laughs ]" "Did you do what I asked you?" "Yes." "Lucky." "Hello, Johnny." "[ Laughs ] Oh." | {
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Sustainable Feedback - sklivvz1971
https://sklivvz.com/posts/sustainable-feedback
======
lrkwz
Non vedo l'ora di leggere la prossima puntata :-)
| {
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Can the state of platinum species be unambiguously determined by the stretching frequency of an adsorbed CO probe molecule?
The paper addresses possible ambiguities in the determination of the state of platinum species by the stretching frequency of a CO probe, which is a common technique for characterization of platinum-containing catalytic systems. We present a comprehensive comparison of the available experimental data with our theoretical modeling (density functional) results of pertinent systems - platinum surfaces, nanoparticles and clusters as well as reduced or oxidized platinum moieties on a ceria support. Our results for CO adsorbed on-top on metallic Pt(0), with C-O vibrational frequencies in the region 2018-2077 cm(-1), suggest that a decrease of the coordination number of the platinum atom, to which CO is bound, by one lowers the CO frequency by about 7 cm(-1). This trend corroborates the Kappers-van der Maas correlation derived from the analysis of the experimental stretching frequency of CO adsorbed on platinum-containing samples on different supports. We also analyzed the effect of the charge of platinum species on the CO frequency. Based on the calculated vibrational frequencies of CO in various model systems, we concluded that the actual state of the platinum species may be mistaken based only on the measured value of the C-O vibrational frequency due to overlapping regions of frequencies corresponding to different types of species. In order to identify the actual state of platinum species one has to combine this powerful technique with other approaches. | {
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X-ray microanalysis of HeLa S3 cells. II. Analysis of elemental levels during the cell cycle.
HeLa S3 cells were synchronized using hydroxyurea. Cryoultramicrotomy and X-ray microanalysis were used to study changes occurring in concentrations of elements during the cell cycle of the synchronized cells. Three subcellular compartments were studied : cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. Potassium concentrations showed little fluctuation in all of the cell compartments during the cell cycle. Sodium concentrations increased during S. and M phases, returning to lower levels in the G1 phase. Chlorine concentrations were highest during the S and G2 phases. At all stages of the cell cycle respective concentrations of potassium, sodium, sulphur and chlorine were similar in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Concentrations of phosphorus increased in the nucleus during S, G2 and M, and also showed fluctuations in the nucleolus during the cycle; these were not seen in the cytoplasm. In S, M and M/G1 sodium concentrations were highest in the nucleolus compared with the other compartments. In the cytoplasm these changes resulted in an increase in total monovalent cation concentration (i.e. sodium + potassium) during S, G2 and M, which returned to base levels after mitosis. This increase in monovalent cation concentration is due almost entirely to the increase in sodium, with little change occurring in the concentration of potassium. | {
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Laforet
is a department store, residence, and museum complex located in the Harajuku commercial and entertainment district of the Shibuya neighborhood, in Tokyo, Japan.
Constructed over part of the old Tokyo Central Church, a newer church located behind the store, Laforet was opened in 1978.
It was built by developer Mori Building, that had developed several sites across Tokyo, as well as (subsequently) the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower, and at the time of opening it was one of the tallest buildings in Tokyo.
The name Mori, in Japanese, is the word for "forest" (森), and the name of the complex was a pun derived from that, it being simply the French words "la forêt" for "the forest".
The complex has six floors and two basements, divided into half levels; with 150 shops, and the Laforet Museum on the top floor.
It has had a long association with youth fashion culture, although this was not originally intended.
Although fashion brands such as Hysteric Glamour and Ba-tsu opened their first boutiques there, originally its interior was more staid and conventional for the times.
Unfortunately for its developers, this resulted in low sales in the first year of business, causing Ryotu Matsumoko of Ba-stu to be brought in to remodel the interior of the store, changing it to a more youthful and "edgy" design for the time, replacing long and deep stores with wide and shallow stores visible in "panopticon" fashion by shoppers from a central stairwell.
The same was true of its fashion promotion advertising image, originally designed by U.S. firm Antonio Lopez, which was not particularly successful until taken over by Takuya Onuki, who in the middle 1990s switched the advertising campaigns from female models wearing brand clothes to quirky images such as the "Nude" brand of Americans going about their daily business dressed only in underwear, and dogs in denim.
Following the increase in youth fashion culture of the times, Laforet took to partnering with youth fashion magazines and clothing brands to run fashion shows in the building during the 1980s and 1990s.
A victim of its own success, with the independent innovators that were originally attracted being acquired by and assimilated into commercial interests, Laforet's fashion shows went into decline in the late 1990s.
A new roster of boutiques began to turn its fortunes around in 2006.
References
Cross-links
Sources
External links
Laforet Official Site (Japanese with some English)
Laforet listed by Mori
Category:Japanese fashion
Category:Department stores of Japan
Category:Harajuku
Category:Mori Building | {
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Alysson (insect)
Alysson is a genus of hymenopterans in the family Crabronidae. There are at least 40 described species in Alysson.
Species
These 42 species belong to the genus Alysson:
Alysson annulipes Cameron, 1897 i c g
Alysson attenuatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson caeruleus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson cameroni Yasumatsu and Masuda, 1932 i c g
Alysson carinatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson conicus Provancher, 1889 i c g
Alysson costai de Beaumont, 1953 i c g
Alysson erythrothorax Cameron, 1902 i c g
Alysson flavomaculatus Cameron, 1901 i c g
Alysson guichardi Arnold, 1951 i c g
Alysson guignardi Provancher, 1887 i c g b
Alysson guillarmodi Arnold, 1944 i c g
Alysson harbinensis Tsuneki, 1967 c g
Alysson japonicus Tsuneki, 1977 i c g
Alysson jaroslavensis (Kokujev, 1906) c g
Alysson katkovi Kokujev, 1906 c g
Alysson madecassus Arnold, 1945 i c g
Alysson maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877 i c g
Alysson melleus Say, 1837 i c g b
Alysson monticola Tsuneki, 1977 i c g
Alysson nigrilabius Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson ocellatus de Beaumont, 1967 i c g
Alysson oppositus Say, 1837 i c g b
Alysson pertheesi Gorski, 1852 i c g
Alysson picteti Handlirsch, 1895 i c g
Alysson radiatus W. Fox, 1894 i c g
Alysson ratzeburgi Dahlbom, 1843 i c g
Alysson ruficollis Cameron, 1898 i c g
Alysson seyrigi Arnold, 1945 i c g
Alysson sichuanensis Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson spinosus (Panzer, 1801) i c g
Alysson striatus W. Fox, 1894 i c g
Alysson taiwanus Sonan, 1940 i c g
Alysson takasago Tsuneki, 1977 i c g
Alysson testaceitarsis Cameron, 1902 i c g
Alysson tomentosus McLeay, 1828 i c g
Alysson triangularis Krombein, 1985 i c g
Alysson triangulifer Provancher, 1887 i c g b
Alysson tricolor Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1825 i c g
Alysson tridentatus Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Alysson verhoeffi Tsuneki, 1967 i c g
Alysson yunnanensis Wu and Zhou, 1987 i c g
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
References
External links
Category:Crabronidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot | {
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Q:
Erro unexpected end of file no cakephp
Estou com um projeto em cakephp que está na versão 1.3.15 e estou tentando rodar no Xampp mas está dando esse erro como o print em anexo e essa linha corresponde ao fechamento da minha tag html.
Alguém sabe como eu devo proceder?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="<?php echo Configure::read('CurrentLanguage.locale'); ?>">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/img/logos/<?php echo $siteConfig['Configuration']['logo_path_color'] ?>/apple-touch-icon-iphone.png" />
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/img/logos/<?php echo $siteConfig['Configuration']['logo_path_color'] ?>/apple-touch-icon-iphone-retina.png" />
<title> <?php echo ( isset( $page_title ) ) ? $page_title . ' -' : ''; ?> Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro - ArqRio </title>
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<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#875fb0"/>
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="<?php echo $this->base ?>/headerLogo.png"/>
<meta name="title" content="<?php echo ( isset( $page_title ) ) ? $page_title . ' -' : ''; ?> Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro - ArqRio" />
<?php
if ( isset( $data['meta_tags'] ) ) {
echo '<meta property="keywords" content="' . $data['meta_tags'] . '" />' . "\n";
} else {
if($this->params['controller']=="news" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="Dom Orani, Arcebispo, Papa, Bento XVI, Arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, JMJ, Rio 2013, ArqRio, cultura, religião, internacional, São Sebastião, testemunho, fé, notícias, jornalismo" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="article_interviews" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="artigos, formação, espiritual, colunistas, padres, arcebispo, Dom Orani, salvação, jovens, famílias, ano da fé, João Paulo II, Bento XVI" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="events" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="eventos, festas, católico, arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, comemoração, folia com cristo, São Sebastião, agenda, arcebispo, Dom Orani, bispos, missa, programação, novena, confraternização" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="events" && $this->params['action']=="event_by_principal"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="eventos, festas, católico, arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, São Sebastião, agenda, arcebispo, Dom Orani, missa, programação, novena, confraternização" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="social"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content=" JMJ, jornada mundial da juventude, jovens, sonho, união, evento, santo, papa, João Paulo II, Bento XVI, 2013, Brasil, discípulos, nações, cruz, Rio2013, redes sociais, facebook, twitter, pinterest, flickr" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="vicariatos"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="vicariatos, vigários, ArqRio, Arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, São Sebastião, Jacarepaguá, Leopoldina" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="quemsomos"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="Arquidiocese, São Sebastião, Rio de Janeiro, bispos, arcebispo, brasão das armas." />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="oarcebispodomorani"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="arcebispo, Dom Orani, Tempesta, história, arquidiocese, bispo, Cisterciense, Rio de Janeiro, São Sebastião, portalum, continente digital do povo de Deus" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="search_results"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content=" arcebispo, arquidiocese, bispo, capela, cristão, Dom Orani, fé, igreja, jesus, padre, paróquias, religião, rio de janeiro, são sebastião, vida, Deus, Cristo, catedral, comunhão" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="churches" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="igrejas, capelas, bairros, rio de janeiro, históricas, copacabana, leblon, lapa, laranjeiras, aterro, glória, mangueira, manguinhos, tijuca, botafogo, flamengo, urca" />
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="contacts" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="keywords" content="contato, fale conosco, sugestões, arquidiocese, dúvidas, arqRio" />
<?
} else {
echo '<meta property="keywords" content="' . $siteConfig['Configuration']['site_meta_tags'] . '" />' . "\n";
}
}
if ( isset( $data['meta_description'] ) ) {
echo "\t" . '<meta property="description" content="' . $data['meta_description'] . '" />' . "\n";
echo "\t" . '<meta property="og:description" content="' . $data['meta_description'] . '" />' . "\n";
} else {
if($this->params['controller']=="news" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Central de últimas notícias sobre Dom Orani, Papa Bento XVI, Arquidiocese, JMJ Rio 2013, ArqRio, cultura, religião no Brasil e no mundo." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Central de últimas notícias sobre Dom Orani, Papa Bento XVI, Arquidiocese, JMJ Rio 2013, ArqRio, cultura, religião no Brasil e no mundo."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="article_interviews" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Central de formação e artigos direcionados à família, jovens e conteúdos espirituais. " />
<meta property="og:description" content="Central de formação e artigos direcionados à família, jovens e conteúdos espirituais. "/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="events" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Agenda completa do Arcebispo Dom Orani e bispos eméritos. Além de toda programação de eventos católicos do Rio de Janeiro." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Agenda completa do Arcebispo Dom Orani e bispos eméritos. Além de toda programação de eventos católicos do Rio de Janeiro."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="events" && $this->params['action']=="event_by_principal"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="eventos, festas, católico, arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, São Sebastião, agenda, arcebispo, Dom Orani, missa, programação, novena, confraternização" />
<meta property="og:description" content="eventos, festas, católico, arquidiocese, Rio de Janeiro, São Sebastião, agenda, arcebispo, Dom Orani, missa, programação, novena, confraternização"/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="social"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Mashup de tudo o que acontece nas redes sociais sobre a Jornada Mundial da Juventude no Rio de Janeiro em 2013." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Mashup de tudo o que acontece nas redes sociais sobre a Jornada Mundial da Juventude no Rio de Janeiro em 2013."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="vicariatos"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Endereços e todas informações sobre os Vicariatos da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Endereços e todas informações sobre os Vicariatos da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="quemsomos"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Conheça mais sobre a Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, sua estrutura, bispos, arcebispo e seu brasão." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Conheça mais sobre a Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, sua estrutura, bispos, arcebispo e seu brasão."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="oarcebispodomorani"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Arcebispo Dom Orani João Tempesta - Que Todos Sejam Um. História e passagens sobre o Arcebispo da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Arcebispo Dom Orani João Tempesta - Que Todos Sejam Um. História e passagens sobre o Arcebispo da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="pages" && $this->params['action']=="search_results"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Busque e encontre tudo sobre conteúdo católico do Rio de Janeiro e do Brasil. O maior acervo de notícias, vídeos, conteúdo de formação e agenda católica você só encontra na ArqRio." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Busque e encontre tudo sobre conteúdo católico do Rio de Janeiro e do Brasil. O maior acervo de notícias, vídeos, conteúdo de formação e agenda católica você só encontra na ArqRio."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="churches" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Encontre qualquer igreja ou capela do Rio de Janeiro. Lista com endereços, bairros e mapa de como chegar." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Encontre qualquer igreja ou capela do Rio de Janeiro. Lista com endereços, bairros e mapa de como chegar."/>
<?
}else if($this->params['controller']=="contacts" && $this->params['action']=="index"){
?>
<meta property="description" content="Dúvidas, Sugestões, Críticas ou Solicitações? Fale com a ArqRio." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Dúvidas, Sugestões, Críticas ou Solicitações? Fale com a ArqRio."/>
<?
} else {
echo "\t" . '<meta property="description" content="' . $siteConfig['Configuration']['site_description'] . '" />' . "\n";
echo "\t" . '<meta property="og:description" content="' . $siteConfig['Configuration']['site_description'] . '" />' . "\n";
}
}
?>
<?php if ( $this->params['controller'] == 'pages' && $this->params['action'] == 'index' ) { ?>
<meta property="og:image " content="<?php echo $this->base ?>/headerLogo.png"/>
<?php } ?>
<meta property="og:title" content=" <?php echo ( isset( $page_title ) ) ? $page_title . ' -' : ''; ?> Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro - ArqRio "/>
<meta property="og:site_name" content="ArqRio - Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="<?php echo URL . $this->params['url']['url']; ?>" />
<meta name="p:domain_verify" content="7263cb0399209d3d50f273146b7ac27e" />
<meta property="fb:admins" content="1086424376" />
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="<?php echo Configure::read('CurrentLanguage.locale'); ?>" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/img/logos/<?php echo $siteConfig['Configuration']['logo_path_color'] ?>/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/img/logos/<?php echo $siteConfig['Configuration']['logo_path_color'] ?>/favicon.png" />
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Titillium+Web" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<?php
$version = "";
// $version = "?v=" . strtotime("now");
echo $html->css('main.css' . $version, 'stylesheet', array('media' => 'screen,print'));
echo $html->css('tiles.css' . $version, 'stylesheet', array('media' => 'screen,print'));
echo $html->css('dynamic_content.css' . $version, 'stylesheet', array('media' => 'screen,print'));
if (isset($page_name))
{
if( isset($page_additional_css) )
{
foreach($page_additional_css as $current_css)
{
$current_css = is_array($current_css) ? $current_css : array('name' => $current_css, 'media' => 'screen');
echo $html->css($current_css['name'], 'stylesheet', array('media' => $current_css['media']));
}
}
$file = new File(CSS_URL . $page_name . '.css');
if ($file->exists())
{
echo $html->css( $page_name . ".css" . $version );
}
}
if( isset( $this->params['url']['print'] ) )
{
echo $html->css('print', 'stylesheet', array('media' => 'screen,print'));
}
else
{
echo $html->css('print', 'stylesheet', array('media' => 'print'));
}
?>
<script type="text/javascript">
var baseURL = '<?php echo $this->base; ?>';
var baseURLAllPath = '<?php echo URL; ?>';
var baseURLLanguage = baseURL + '/<?php echo Configure::read('CurrentLanguage.short'); ?>/';
var featureOrder = <?php echo (isset($featuresOrder["FeatureConfiguration"]["data"])) ? $featuresOrder["FeatureConfiguration"]["data"] : '""' ?>;
</script>
<?php
echo $javascript->link('plugins/jquery-1.8.2.min');
echo $javascript->link('plugins/jquery.event.drag-2.2');
echo $javascript->link('plugins/jquery.easing.1.3');
echo $javascript->link('plugins/jquery.mousewheel');
echo "<!--[if lt IE 9]>";
echo $javascript->link('plugins/html5shiv');
echo "<![endif]-->";
echo $javascript->link('plugins/jquery.cycle.all');
echo $javascript->link('main.js' . $version);
if( isset($page_additional_js) )
{
foreach($page_additional_js as $current_js)
{
echo $javascript->link($current_js . ( strpos($current_js, "http") === false ? ".js" . $version : "" ) );
}
}
if (isset($page_name))
{
$file = new File(JS_URL . $page_name . ".js");
if ($file->exists())
{
echo $javascript->link($page_name . ".js" . $version);
}
}
?>
<?php echo $javascript->codeBlock($siteConfig['Configuration']['analytics_code']); ?>
<?php // FOURSQUARE ?>
<script type="text/javascript">(function(){window.___fourSq={'uid':'15351651'};var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';s.src='http://platform.foursquare.com/js/widgets.js';s.async=true;var ph=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];ph.parentNode.insertBefore(s,ph);})();</script>
</head>
<body <?php if( isset($page_category) ) echo "class=\"$page_category\""; ?>>
<?php echo $this->element('social_codes'); ?>
<?php echo $this->element('header'); ?>
<section class="content">
<?php echo $content_for_layout; ?>
</section>
<?php echo $this->element('footer'); ?>
</body>
</html>
A:
Normalizado após alterar as tag's de abertura do PHP de '
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
What does a number in a module name mean in Intellij IDEA project view?
I believe that is "static web" module.
Please notice "6" number on the screenshot. I don't know when it appeared and what it means.
A:
It's a bookmark. To show and edit bookmarks use the following menu: Navigate > Bookmarks > Show bookmarks
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Michigan State football practice - August 6
Michigan State defensive coordinate Pat Narduzzi gives Oregon QB Marcus Mariota a great deal of credit for the Ducks' win, but he's disappointed by the breakdown in execution on his defense and indicated changes on the depth chart are ahead.
(Mike Mulholland | Mlive.com)
EAST LANSING — Pat Narduzzi had his Michigan State defense dialed in at Oregon, the Xs matched up with the Ducks’ Os at most every turn.
Oregon quarterback Marcus Mariota, however, had more than one great escape, leading the No. 2-ranked Ducks to the 46-27 victory over the No. 13 Spartans last Saturday.
Narduzzi gave credit to Mariota, comparing him to a Super Bowl-winning quarterback, but Michigan State's defensive coordinator also made it clear he was displeased with his unit's inability to execute the game plan consistently.
“We did some good things, but we didn’t finish, we didn’t finish the game, we didn’t finish plays when we had the opportunities,’’ Narduzzi said following Thursday’s practice. “There will be some moves on the depth chart before the next game.’’
Michigan State has a bye this Saturday before returning to action at noon Sept. 20 against Eastern Michigan at Spartan Stadium.
Narduzzi had plenty to say about how his Michigan State defense, which has led the Big Ten and ranked in the top six nationally in total defense each of the past three years, let last Saturday’s game slip away.
“We missed too many sacks,’’ Narduzzi said. “We had three sacks and we could have had seven more. You have to give him (Mariota) credit, he made us miss, he’s the best quarterback we’ve faced since (Seattle Seahawks/former Wisconsin QB) Russell Wilson in my opinion.
“The guy can hurt you with his arm and his feet, and I was impressed.’’
Narduzzi said the Spartans forced Oregon to go three-and-out on seven offensive series, and it should have been nine.
Mariota had miraculous third-down scrambles on consecutive possessions, dodging no less than two would-be tacklers on each, in a pivotal third quarter that saw the Ducks rally from 27-18 down.
“We had a couple of busts, and they had two pick routes on us, and there’s no call, and you’ve got to live with it and you’ve got to stay on your guy,’’ Narduzzi said. “Sometimes they do (get called), but (in this game) they let the offensive guys do whatever they wanted, and we didn’t execute.’’
Narduzzi said he was disappointed with how his defense allowed Oregon’s run game to get more than 100 yards rushing in the fourth quarter after the Spartans had held the Ducks to 13 yards rushing in the first half and 56 yards through three quarter.
“There was a couple of bad run fits, they started running some power — a play our offense runs every day out there — and Taiwan (Jones) didn’t read his keys, to be honest with you,’’ Narduzzi said. “ … and RJ (Williamson) didn’t get down a couple times (against the run), and that’s what happens, two guys.’’
Narduzzi said in hindsight he probably should have left his first-team defense in against Jacksonville State for three quarters instead of pulling them at halftime, just so the six new starters could have gotten more experience before the Oregon game.
Secondary coach Harlon Barnett said the Spartans' defensive backs, the self-described “No Fly Zone,” will bounce back but it never should have come to the loss.
“Really some of the things, missed coverages, missed assignments, missed tackles, we felt like we coulda, shoulda won the game,’’ Barnett said. “No disrespect to Oregon, but we blew some opportunities.
“Our guys have seen their mistakes and where we need to improve, and I think we will do that.’’
* True freshman defensive tackle Craig Evans would have played, but Narduzzi said the 335-pound Evans was not well-suited to match up against the Ducks' spread and uptempo attack.
* Narduzzi said there was an occasion he wanted to get Shilique Calhoun out of the game (Calhoun had a wrist injury), but the Spartans' couldn't make the substitution on account of Oregon's no-huddle uptempo offense.
* Middle linebacker Taiwan Jones has played "pretty solid through two games,'' according to Narduzzi.
Download the MSU basketball on MLive app for iPhone and Android
Download the MSU football on MLive app for iPhone and Android
Follow Mike Griffith and Kyle Austin on Twitter
Like MLive's Michigan State Spartans Facebook | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
how to script out the user defined table types?
I can Get name and definition of all table types
using either of the following scripts:
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED
IF OBJECT_ID('TEMPDB..#RADHE') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #RADHE
CREATE TABLE #RADHE
(
RADHE SYSNAME,
COLUMN_NAME SYSNAME,
TYPE_COLUMN SYSNAME,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (RADHE,COLUMN_NAME)
)
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max) = N'',
@stub nvarchar(max) = N'SELECT [RADHE]=N''$--RADHE--$'',
COLUMN_NAME=name, TYPE_COLUMN=system_type_name
FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set(''DECLARE
@tvp $--RADHE--$; SELECT * FROM @tvp;'',null,null)
ORDER BY column_ordinal;';
SELECT @sql += REPLACE(@stub, N'$--RADHE--$',
QUOTENAME(s.name) + N'.' + QUOTENAME(t.name))
FROM sys.table_types AS t
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id];
INSERT INTO #RADHE
EXEC sys.sp_executesql @sql;
SELECT * FROM #RADHE
SELECT
tt.name AS table_type_name,
c.name AS column_name,
c.column_id,
t.name AS type_name,
c.max_length,
c.precision,
c.scale,
c.collation_name,
c.is_nullable
FROM
sys.columns As c
JOIN sys.table_types AS tt
ON c.object_id = tt.type_table_object_id
JOIN sys.types AS t
ON t.user_type_id = c.user_type_id
ORDER BY
tt.name,
c.column_id
and I can even GRANT REFERENCE on all user defined types using the following script:
SELECT t.name,
'GRANT REFERENCES ON TYPE::'
+ SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id)
+ '.'
+ t.name
+ ' TO public;' AS command_to_run
FROM sys.types AS t
where 1=1
AND T.is_table_type = 1
But is there a way to script out all table types in a database?
I am looking to script out this table type, please note the constraints and index created with it:
use TableBackups
go
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM SYS.table_types tt
WHERE tt.NAME=N'DistCritGroupData'
AND SCHEMA_NAME(tt.SCHEMA_ID) = N'dbo')
DROP TYPE DBO.DistCritGroupData
CREATE TYPE [dbo].[DistCritGroupData] AS TABLE
(
[DistCritTypeId] [int] NOT NULL UNIQUE,
[ItemAction] [int] NOT NULL,
[ObjectId] [int] NOT NULL,
[OperatorType] [int] NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
[DistCritTypeId] ASC
),
INDEX CIX CLUSTERED (ObjectId, OperatorType)
);
A:
Honestly, the amount of time you'll spend writing a version of this that accounts for all possible combinations of indexes, constraints, and default values, and troubleshoot all the combinations you don't expect from your first use case, I don't think you'll ever get that time back no matter how many table types you have to script, which you can always do from Object Explorer (or Object Explorer Details, for multiple):
Just for fun, I ran a trace to see what Management Studio sends to SQL Server in order to generate the create script for that table type, and it was about as pretty as I expected:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id) AS [Schema],
tt.name AS [Name]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_0 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_1)',
N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000)',
@_msparam_0=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_1=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
clmns.column_id AS [ID],
clmns.name AS [Name],
clmns.is_ansi_padded AS [AnsiPaddingStatus],
ISNULL(clmns.collation_name, N'''') AS [Collation],
clmns.column_encryption_key_id AS [ColumnEncryptionKeyID],
ceks.name AS [ColumnEncryptionKeyName],
clmns.is_computed AS [Computed],
ISNULL(cc.definition,N'''') AS [ComputedText],
s1clmns.name AS [DataTypeSchema],
(case when clmns.default_object_id = 0 then N'''' when d.parent_object_id > 0 then N'''' else d.name end) AS [Default],
ISNULL(dc.Name, N'''') AS [DefaultConstraintName],
(case when clmns.default_object_id = 0 then N'''' when d.parent_object_id > 0 then N'''' else schema_name(d.schema_id) end) AS [DefaultSchema],
clmns.encryption_algorithm_name AS [EncryptionAlgorithm],
CAST(clmns.encryption_type AS int) AS [EncryptionType],
clmns.generated_always_type AS [GeneratedAlwaysType],
ISNULL(clmns.graph_type, 0) AS [GraphType],
clmns.is_identity AS [Identity],
CAST(ISNULL(ic.seed_value,0) AS numeric(38)) AS [IdentitySeedAsDecimal],
CAST(ISNULL(ic.increment_value,0) AS numeric(38)) AS [IdentityIncrementAsDecimal],
CAST(0 AS bit) AS [IsClassified],
CAST(clmns.is_column_set AS bit) AS [IsColumnSet],
CAST(clmns.is_filestream AS bit) AS [IsFileStream],
CAST(ISNULL((select TOP 1 1 from sys.foreign_key_columns AS colfk where colfk.parent_column_id = clmns.column_id and colfk.parent_object_id = clmns.object_id), 0) AS bit) AS [IsForeignKey],
CAST(clmns.is_masked AS bit) AS [IsMasked],
CAST(ISNULL(cc.is_persisted, 0) AS bit) AS [IsPersisted],
CAST(clmns.is_sparse AS bit) AS [IsSparse],
CAST(CASE WHEN baset.name IN (N''nchar'', N''nvarchar'') AND clmns.max_length <> -1 THEN clmns.max_length/2 ELSE clmns.max_length END AS int) AS [Length],
ISNULL((SELECT ms.masking_function FROM sys.masked_columns ms WHERE ms.object_id = clmns.object_id AND ms.column_id = clmns.column_id), N'''') AS [MaskingFunction],
ISNULL(ic.is_not_for_replication, 0) AS [NotForReplication],
clmns.is_nullable AS [Nullable],
CAST(clmns.scale AS int) AS [NumericScale],
CAST(clmns.precision AS int) AS [NumericPrecision],
CAST(clmns.is_rowguidcol AS bit) AS [RowGuidCol],
(case when clmns.rule_object_id = 0 then N'''' else r.name end) AS [Rule],
(case when clmns.rule_object_id = 0 then N'''' else schema_name(r.schema_id) end) AS [RuleSchema],
ISNULL(baset.name, N'''') AS [SystemType],
ISNULL(xscclmns.name, N'''') AS [XmlSchemaNamespace],
ISNULL(s2clmns.name, N'''') AS [XmlSchemaNamespaceSchema],
ISNULL( (case clmns.is_xml_document when 1 then 2 else 1 end), 0) AS [XmlDocumentConstraint],
usrt.name AS [DataType]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.column_encryption_keys AS ceks ON (ceks.column_encryption_key_id = clmns.column_encryption_key_id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.computed_columns AS cc ON cc.object_id = clmns.object_id and cc.column_id = clmns.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS usrt ON usrt.user_type_id = clmns.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.schemas AS s1clmns ON s1clmns.schema_id = usrt.schema_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.objects AS d ON d.object_id = clmns.default_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.default_constraints as dc ON clmns.default_object_id = dc.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.identity_columns AS ic ON ic.object_id = clmns.object_id and ic.column_id = clmns.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS baset ON (baset.user_type_id = clmns.system_type_id and baset.user_type_id = baset.system_type_id) or ((baset.system_type_id = clmns.system_type_id) and (baset.user_type_id = clmns.user_type_id) and (baset.is_user_defined = 0) and (baset.is_assembly_type = 1))
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.objects AS r ON r.object_id = clmns.rule_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.xml_schema_collections AS xscclmns ON xscclmns.xml_collection_id = clmns.xml_collection_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.schemas AS s2clmns ON s2clmns.schema_id = xscclmns.schema_id
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_0 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_1)
ORDER BY
[ID] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_1=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
p.name AS [Name],
CAST(p.value AS sql_variant) AS [Value]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS p ON p.major_id=tt.user_type_id AND p.minor_id=clmns.column_id AND p.class=8
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_0)and((tt.name=@_msparam_1 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_2))
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'DistCritTypeId',@_msparam_1=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_2=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
p.name AS [Name],
CAST(p.value AS sql_variant) AS [Value]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS p ON p.major_id=tt.user_type_id AND p.minor_id=clmns.column_id AND p.class=8
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_0)and((tt.name=@_msparam_1 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_2))
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'ItemAction',@_msparam_1=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_2=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
p.name AS [Name],
CAST(p.value AS sql_variant) AS [Value]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS p ON p.major_id=tt.user_type_id AND p.minor_id=clmns.column_id AND p.class=8
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_0)and((tt.name=@_msparam_1 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_2))
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'ObjectId',@_msparam_1=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_2=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
p.name AS [Name],
CAST(p.value AS sql_variant) AS [Value]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS p ON p.major_id=tt.user_type_id AND p.minor_id=clmns.column_id AND p.class=8
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_0)and((tt.name=@_msparam_1 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_2))
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'OperatorType',@_msparam_1=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_2=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
p.name AS [Name],
CAST(p.value AS sql_variant) AS [Value]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS p ON p.major_id=tt.user_type_id AND p.minor_id=0 AND p.class=6
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_0 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_1)
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_1=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
i.name AS [Name],
CAST(ISNULL(si.bounding_box_xmax,0) AS float(53)) AS [BoundingBoxXMax],
CAST(ISNULL(si.bounding_box_xmin,0) AS float(53)) AS [BoundingBoxXMin],
CAST(ISNULL(si.bounding_box_ymax,0) AS float(53)) AS [BoundingBoxYMax],
CAST(ISNULL(si.bounding_box_ymin,0) AS float(53)) AS [BoundingBoxYMin],
CAST(case when (i.type=7) then hi.bucket_count else 0 end AS int) AS [BucketCount],
CAST(ISNULL(si.cells_per_object,0) AS int) AS [CellsPerObject],
CAST(i.compression_delay AS int) AS [CompressionDelay],
~i.allow_page_locks AS [DisallowPageLocks],
~i.allow_row_locks AS [DisallowRowLocks],
CASE WHEN ((SELECT tbli.is_memory_optimized FROM sys.tables tbli WHERE tbli.object_id = i.object_id)=1 or
(SELECT tti.is_memory_optimized FROM sys.table_types tti WHERE tti.type_table_object_id = i.object_id)=1)
THEN ISNULL((SELECT ds.name FROM sys.data_spaces AS ds WHERE ds.type=''FX''), N'''')
ELSE CASE WHEN ''FG''=dsi.type THEN dsi.name ELSE N'''' END
END
AS [FileGroup],
CASE WHEN ''FD''=dstbl.type THEN dstbl.name ELSE N'''' END AS [FileStreamFileGroup],
CASE WHEN ''PS''=dstbl.type THEN dstbl.name ELSE N'''' END AS [FileStreamPartitionScheme],
i.fill_factor AS [FillFactor],
ISNULL(i.filter_definition, N'''') AS [FilterDefinition],
i.ignore_dup_key AS [IgnoreDuplicateKeys],
ISNULL(indexedpaths.name, N'''')
AS [IndexedXmlPathName],
i.is_primary_key + 2*i.is_unique_constraint AS [IndexKeyType],
CAST(
CASE i.type WHEN 1 THEN 0 WHEN 4 THEN 4
WHEN 3 THEN CASE xi.xml_index_type WHEN 0 THEN 2 WHEN 1 THEN 3 WHEN 2 THEN 7 WHEN 3 THEN 8 END
WHEN 4 THEN 4 WHEN 6 THEN 5 WHEN 7 THEN 6 WHEN 5 THEN 9 ELSE 1 END
AS tinyint) AS [IndexType],
CAST(CASE i.index_id WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS bit) AS [IsClustered],
i.is_disabled AS [IsDisabled],
CAST(CASE WHEN filetableobj.object_id IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS bit) AS [IsFileTableDefined],
CAST(ISNULL(k.is_system_named, 0) AS bit) AS [IsSystemNamed],
CAST(OBJECTPROPERTY(i.object_id,N''IsMSShipped'') AS bit) AS [IsSystemObject],
i.is_unique AS [IsUnique],
CAST(ISNULL(si.level_1_grid,0) AS smallint) AS [Level1Grid],
CAST(ISNULL(si.level_2_grid,0) AS smallint) AS [Level2Grid],
CAST(ISNULL(si.level_3_grid,0) AS smallint) AS [Level3Grid],
CAST(ISNULL(si.level_4_grid,0) AS smallint) AS [Level4Grid],
ISNULL(s.no_recompute,0) AS [NoAutomaticRecomputation],
CAST(ISNULL(INDEXPROPERTY(i.object_id, i.name, N''IsPadIndex''), 0) AS bit) AS [PadIndex],
ISNULL(xi2.name, N'''') AS [ParentXmlIndex],
CASE WHEN ''PS''=dsi.type THEN dsi.name ELSE N'''' END AS [PartitionScheme],
case UPPER(ISNULL(xi.secondary_type,'''')) when ''P'' then 1 when ''V'' then 2 when ''R'' then 3 else 0 end AS [SecondaryXmlIndexType],
CAST(ISNULL(spi.spatial_index_type,0) AS tinyint) AS [SpatialIndexType]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.spatial_index_tessellations as si ON i.object_id = si.object_id and i.index_id = si.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.hash_indexes AS hi ON i.object_id = hi.object_id AND i.index_id = hi.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.data_spaces AS dsi ON dsi.data_space_id = i.data_space_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.tables AS t ON t.object_id = i.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.data_spaces AS dstbl ON dstbl.data_space_id = t.Filestream_data_space_id and (i.index_id < 2 or (i.type = 7 and i.index_id < 3))
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.xml_indexes AS xi ON xi.object_id = i.object_id AND xi.index_id = i.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.selective_xml_index_paths AS indexedpaths ON xi.object_id = indexedpaths.object_id AND xi.using_xml_index_id = indexedpaths.index_id AND xi.path_id = indexedpaths.path_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.filetable_system_defined_objects AS filetableobj ON i.object_id = filetableobj.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.key_constraints AS k ON k.parent_object_id = i.object_id AND k.unique_index_id = i.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.stats AS s ON s.stats_id = i.index_id AND s.object_id = i.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.xml_indexes AS xi2 ON xi2.object_id = xi.object_id AND xi2.index_id = xi.using_xml_index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.spatial_indexes AS spi ON i.object_id = spi.object_id and i.index_id = spi.index_id
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_2 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_3)
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_3=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
cstr.name AS [Name],
cstr.is_not_for_replication AS [NotForReplication],
~cstr.is_not_trusted AS [IsChecked],
~cstr.is_disabled AS [IsEnabled],
CAST(cstr.is_system_named AS bit) AS [IsSystemNamed],
CAST(CASE WHEN filetableobj.object_id IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS bit) AS [IsFileTableDefined],
cstr.definition AS [Text]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.check_constraints AS cstr ON cstr.parent_object_id=tt.type_table_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.filetable_system_defined_objects AS filetableobj ON filetableobj.object_id = cstr.object_id
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_0 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_1)
ORDER BY
[Name] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_1=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
ISNULL(s1tt.name, N'''') AS [Owner],
CAST(case when tt.principal_id is null then 1 else 0 end AS bit) AS [IsSchemaOwned],
tt.name AS [Name],
tt.type_table_object_id AS [ID],
SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id) AS [Schema],
obj.create_date AS [CreateDate],
obj.modify_date AS [DateLastModified],
tt.max_length AS [MaxLength],
tt.is_nullable AS [Nullable],
ISNULL(tt.collation_name, N'''') AS [Collation],
CAST(case when tt.is_user_defined = 1 then 1 else 0 end AS bit) AS [IsUserDefined],
CAST(tt.is_memory_optimized AS bit) AS [IsMemoryOptimized]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS s1tt ON s1tt.principal_id = ISNULL(tt.principal_id, (TYPEPROPERTY(QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)) + ''.'' + QUOTENAME(tt.name), ''OwnerId'')))
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.object_id = tt.type_table_object_id
WHERE
(tt.name=@_msparam_0 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_1)',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_1=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
clmns.name AS [Name]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(i.name=@_msparam_2)and((tt.name=@_msparam_3 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_4))
ORDER BY
[ID] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'CIX',@_msparam_3=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_4=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
clmns.name AS [Name],
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
ic.is_descending_key AS [Descending],
ic.is_included_column AS [IsIncluded],
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(ic.object_id, clmns.name, N''IsComputed'') AS bit) AS [IsComputed]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_2)and((i.name=@_msparam_3)and((tt.name=@_msparam_4 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_5)))',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_5 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'ObjectId',@_msparam_3=N'CIX',@_msparam_4=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_5=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
clmns.name AS [Name],
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
ic.is_descending_key AS [Descending],
ic.is_included_column AS [IsIncluded],
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(ic.object_id, clmns.name, N''IsComputed'') AS bit) AS [IsComputed]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_2)and((i.name=@_msparam_3)and((tt.name=@_msparam_4 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_5)))',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_5 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'OperatorType',@_msparam_3=N'CIX',@_msparam_4=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_5=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
clmns.name AS [Name]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(i.name=@_msparam_2)and((tt.name=@_msparam_3 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_4))
ORDER BY
[ID] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'PK__TT_DistC__199F41EAA68706DB',@_msparam_3=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_4=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
clmns.name AS [Name],
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
ic.is_descending_key AS [Descending],
ic.is_included_column AS [IsIncluded],
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(ic.object_id, clmns.name, N''IsComputed'') AS bit) AS [IsComputed]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_2)and((i.name=@_msparam_3)and((tt.name=@_msparam_4 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_5)))',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_5 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'DistCritTypeId',@_msparam_3=N'PK__TT_DistC__199F41EAA68706DB',@_msparam_4=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_5=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
clmns.name AS [Name]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(i.name=@_msparam_2)and((tt.name=@_msparam_3 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_4))
ORDER BY
[ID] ASC',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'UQ__TT_DistC__199F41EAC5355FAA',@_msparam_3=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_4=N'dbo'
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT
clmns.name AS [Name],
(case ic.key_ordinal when 0 then ic.index_column_id else ic.key_ordinal end) AS [ID],
ic.is_descending_key AS [Descending],
ic.is_included_column AS [IsIncluded],
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(ic.object_id, clmns.name, N''IsComputed'') AS bit) AS [IsComputed]
FROM
sys.table_types AS tt
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS stt ON stt.schema_id = tt.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > @_msparam_0 and i.is_hypothetical = @_msparam_1) AND (i.object_id=tt.type_table_object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 and (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0)) AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE
(clmns.name=@_msparam_2)and((i.name=@_msparam_3)and((tt.name=@_msparam_4 and SCHEMA_NAME(tt.schema_id)=@_msparam_5)))',N'@_msparam_0 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_1 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_2 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_3 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_4 nvarchar(4000),@_msparam_5 nvarchar(4000)',@_msparam_0=N'0',@_msparam_1=N'0',@_msparam_2=N'DistCritTypeId',@_msparam_3=N'UQ__TT_DistC__199F41EAC5355FAA',@_msparam_4=N'DistCritGroupData',@_msparam_5=N'dbo'
I mean, that is just awful. And all it does is return all of those resultsets to SSMS; then there is some C# and/or SMO plumbing that actually steps through all the possible combinations and generates the script. This is hidden away in application code that is much harder to trace (especially without violating EULA), and so your ability to determine all of the issues they encountered when generating the script is pretty limited.
So I think if your goal is to have a nice, handy little piece of T-SQL code that is faster than right-clicking a table name in Object Explorer, you're going to be out of luck.
If I didn't have SSMS (or the plan was to create 60,000 table types), I would rather keep track of these creations using a DDL trigger than try to reverse engineer the metadata to generate the original statement. I wrote this tip a long time ago, but the same concepts apply today (you could maybe just filter the types of objects you keep track of):
SQL Server DDL Triggers to Track All Database Changes
Borrowing from that, you could create this table:
CREATE TABLE dbo.TableTypeCreationEvents
(
EventDate datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT sysutcdatetime(),
EventDDL nvarchar(max),
SchemaName nvarchar(128),
ObjectName nvarchar(128)
);
And then this trigger:
CREATE TRIGGER DDLCaptureTableTypeCreations ON DATABASE
FOR CREATE_TYPE
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @EventData xml = EVENTDATA();
DECLARE
@sch sysname = @EventData.value(N'(/EVENT_INSTANCE/SchemaName)[1]', N'nvarchar(128)'),
@obj sysname = @EventData.value(N'(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', N'nvarchar(128)'),
@s nvarchar(max)
= @EventData.value(N'(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', N'nvarchar(max)');
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.table_types
WHERE name = @obj AND [schema_id] = SCHEMA_ID(@sch))
BEGIN
INSERT dbo.TableTypeCreationEvents(EventDDL,SchemaName,ObjectName)
SELECT @s,@sch,@tab;
END
END
GO
Now, some time has passed, and you want the script for the most recent version of the type dbo.DistCritGroupData? No problem:
SELECT TOP (1) EventDDL
FROM dbo.TableTypeCreationEvents
WHERE [schema_id] = SCHEMA_ID(N'dbo')
AND name = N'DistCritGroupData'
ORDER BY EventDate DESC;
This will return exactly the same script that you ran when you created the type, and since there is no ALTER TYPE, you don't have to worry about catching a table type up to any changes that have been made since its creation.
A:
Here my script to create user-defined table and scalar types:
-- http://www.sqlines.com/sql-server-to-oracle/create_type
SELECT
sch.name AS UDT_SCHEMA_NAME
,userDefinedTypes.name AS UDT_TYPE_NAME
,
N'IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.types st JOIN sys.schemas ss ON st.schema_id = ss.schema_id WHERE st.name = N''' + REPLACE(userDefinedTypes.name, '''', '''''') + N''' AND ss.name = N''' + REPLACE(sch.name, '''', '''''') + N''') '
+ NCHAR(13) + NCHAR(10)
+
CASE WHEN userDefinedTypeProperties.IsTableType = 1
THEN N'CREATE TYPE ' + QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(userDefinedTypes.name) + ' AS TABLE (
' + tAllColumns.column_definition + N'
); '
ELSE
+ N'CREATE TYPE ' + QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(userDefinedTypes.name)
+ N' FROM '
+ tBaseTypeComputation.baseTypeName
+ CASE WHEN userDefinedTypeProperties.is_nullable = 0 THEN N' NOT NULL' ELSE N'' END
+ N'; '
END AS SqlCreateUdt
FROM sys.types AS userDefinedTypes
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS sch
ON sch.schema_id = userDefinedTypes.schema_id
LEFT JOIN sys.table_types AS userDefinedTableTypes
ON userDefinedTableTypes.user_type_id = userDefinedTypes.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.types AS systemType
ON systemType.system_type_id = userDefinedTypes.system_type_id
AND systemType.is_user_defined = 0
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT
userDefinedTypes.is_nullable
,userDefinedTypes.precision AS NUMERIC_PRECISION
,userDefinedTypes.scale AS NUMERIC_SCALE
,userDefinedTypes.max_length AS CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
,CASE WHEN userDefinedTableTypes.user_type_id IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS IsTableType
,CONVERT(smallint,
CASE -- datetime/smalldatetime
WHEN userDefinedTypes.system_type_id IN (40, 41, 42, 43, 58, 61) THEN ODBCSCALE(userDefinedTypes.system_type_id, userDefinedTypes.scale)
END
) AS DATETIME_PRECISION
) AS userDefinedTypeProperties
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT
systemType.name
+
CASE
WHEN systemType.name IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar', 'binary', 'varbinary')
THEN N'('
+
CASE WHEN userDefinedTypeProperties.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1 THEN 'MAX'
ELSE CONVERT
(
varchar(4)
,userDefinedTypeProperties.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
)
END
+ N')'
WHEN systemType.name IN ('decimal', 'numeric')
THEN N'(' + CONVERT(varchar(4), userDefinedTypeProperties.NUMERIC_PRECISION) + N', ' + CONVERT(varchar(4), userDefinedTypeProperties.NUMERIC_SCALE) + N')'
WHEN systemType.name IN ('time', 'datetime2', 'datetimeoffset')
THEN N'(' + CAST(userDefinedTypeProperties.DATETIME_PRECISION AS national character varying(36)) + N')'
ELSE N''
END AS baseTypeName
) AS tBaseTypeComputation
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT
(
SELECT
-- ,clmns.is_nullable
-- ,tComputedProperties.ORDINAL_POSITION
-- ,tComputedProperties.COLUMN_DEFAULT
CASE WHEN tComputedProperties.ORDINAL_POSITION = 1 THEN N' ' ELSE N',' END
+ QUOTENAME(clmns.name)
+ N' '
+ tComputedProperties.DATA_TYPE
+
CASE
WHEN tComputedProperties.DATA_TYPE IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar', 'binary', 'varbinary')
THEN N'('
+
CASE WHEN tComputedProperties.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1 THEN 'MAX'
ELSE CONVERT
(
varchar(4)
,tComputedProperties.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
)
END
+ N')'
WHEN tComputedProperties.DATA_TYPE IN ('decimal', 'numeric')
THEN N'(' + CONVERT(varchar(4), tComputedProperties.NUMERIC_PRECISION) + N', ' + CONVERT(varchar(4), tComputedProperties.NUMERIC_SCALE) + N')'
WHEN tComputedProperties.DATA_TYPE IN ('time', 'datetime2', 'datetimeoffset')
THEN N'(' + CAST(tComputedProperties.DATETIME_PRECISION AS national character varying(36)) + N')'
ELSE N''
END
+ CASE WHEN tComputedProperties.is_nullable = 0 THEN N' NOT NULL' ELSE N'' END
+ NCHAR(13) + NCHAR(10)
AS [text()]
FROM sys.columns AS clmns
INNER JOIN sys.types AS t ON t.system_type_id = clmns.system_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.types ut ON ut.user_type_id = clmns.user_type_id
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT
33 As bb
,COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.object_id, clmns.name, 'ordinal') AS ORDINAL_POSITION
,COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.object_id, clmns.name, 'charmaxlen') AS CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
,COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.object_id, clmns.name, 'octetmaxlen') AS CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH
,CONVERT(nvarchar(4000), OBJECT_DEFINITION(clmns.default_object_id)) AS COLUMN_DEFAULT
,clmns.is_nullable
,t.name AS DATA_TYPE
,CONVERT(tinyint,
CASE -- int/decimal/numeric/real/float/money
WHEN clmns.system_type_id IN (48, 52, 56, 59, 60, 62, 106, 108, 122, 127) THEN clmns.precision
END
) AS NUMERIC_PRECISION
,CONVERT(int,
CASE -- datetime/smalldatetime
WHEN clmns.system_type_id IN (40, 41, 42, 43, 58, 61) THEN NULL
ELSE ODBCSCALE(clmns.system_type_id, clmns.scale)
END
) AS NUMERIC_SCALE
,CONVERT(smallint,
CASE -- datetime/smalldatetime
WHEN clmns.system_type_id IN (40, 41, 42, 43, 58, 61) THEN ODBCSCALE(clmns.system_type_id, clmns.scale)
END
) AS DATETIME_PRECISION
) AS tComputedProperties
WHERE clmns.object_id = userDefinedTableTypes.type_table_object_id
ORDER BY tComputedProperties.ORDINAL_POSITION
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'nvarchar(MAX)') AS column_definition
) AS tAllColumns
WHERE userDefinedTypes.is_user_defined = 1
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Régis Labeaume
Régis Labeaume (born May 2, 1956) is a Canadian businessman, writer and politician, currently serving as mayor of Quebec City. He was first elected on December 2, 2007 after the death of former mayor Andrée Boucher. He was reelected in 2009, 2013, and 2017.
Early life
Labeaume holds a bachelor's degree in sociology from the Université Laval. Prior to being mayor, Labeaume was a local businessman and chair of the Fondation de l’entrepreneurship organisation since 2003 and worked primarily in the mining industry. He was previously the political adviser of former Communications Minister and former Parti Québécois MNA of the riding of Vanier, Jean-François Bertrand from 1980 to 1983. He also collaborated to two books on the Quebec mining industry and on small and medium enterprises.
Municipal politics in Quebec City
In 2005, he made an attempt to be elected leader of the municipal political party Renouveau municipal de Québec but lost to 2007 candidate Claude Larose
First mayoral term
Labeaume was elected on December 2, 2007, in a special election following the death of Andrée Boucher. He was elected with over 59 percent of the vote, defeating candidate Ann Bourget who was the front-runner until the campaign's last few days. She finished second with 32% of the votes, followed by former Quebec Liberal Party Minister of Justice and lawyer Marc Bellemare. Labeaume obtained the support of key local figures, including Marc Boucher, husband of the late Andrée Boucher, and former mayor Gilles Lamontagne.
Throughout his first term as mayor, Labeaume focused on making the city a major tourist destination. He was keen on the idea of a New Quebec City Amphitheatre. With the 400th Anniversary of the city in 2008, Quebec City's image changed in the eyes of many. After the festivities, the mayor promised to keep investing to make Quebec City an appealing destination.
During his first mandate as mayor, Labeaume also developed a reputation for speaking his mind and not always using the right words in front of the media. In October 2009 he made some scathing comments about federal minister Josée Verner. On a pre-recorded interview on Télé-Québec, he declared, “I get along well with Ms. Verner, but sometimes I could just smack her. Those culture cuts, I just don't agree with them.” He later made public excuses and explained that he only wanted to express his anger about the recent cuts in culture by the federal government.
A study based on 68000 texts and reports broadcast in Quebec between April 1, 2008, and March 31, 2009, showed that Labeaume was the mayor with the most media coverage in Quebec, with 54.4% of the coverage. In another study in 2008, Labeaume ranked 10th in a list of the most mediatised personalities in Quebec, along with the then newly elected American president Barack Obama, Guy Carbonneau (coach of the Montreal Canadiens), and Stephen Harper.
Second mayoral term
On November 1, 2009, on the night of Québec's municipal elections, Labeaume was reelected by an overwhelming majority of 79,7% against 8,6% for the radio host Jean-François Jeff Fillion and 8,1% for Yonnel Bonaventure and the Défi Vert de Québec party. Labeaume's party, l'Équipe Labeaume, also elected a councillor in 25 of the 27 districts. Only the districts of Vieux-Québec-Montcalm and Saint-Sacrement-Belvédère elected independent councillors. With this vast majority at the city council, Labeaume declared his intention to make Quebec City the most appealing city in Canada and that in 15 years, the city would be greener, more efficient and more active.
Third mayoral term
On November 3, 2013, Labeaume was reelected with 74.1% of the vote and 18 out of 21 candidates from l'Équipe Labeaume were elected councillors.
Labeaume has stated that he supports legislation banning the wearing of the niqāb or burqa in public spaces.
A new Colisée in Québec
A couple of months before the elections of December 2009, on October 16 Labeaume announced his intention to go forward with the project of the new indoor arena. He announced a new Colisée of 18000 seats would be built besides the old Colisée Pepsi. The estimated $400 million cost would be paid in part by the federal and provincial governments. When asked if this kind of announcement was justified before the elections, Labeaume answered he wanted to be transparent and that the announcement should be seen as an electoral engagement.
On September 10, 2010, Quebec premier Jean Charest announced the province would be ready to pay 45% percent of the bill for the new arena if Ottawa would do the same. At this point, Labeaume and his team were still waiting for the federal answer.
In December 2010, after a couple of months of speculation, Prime minister Harper announced the government had no intention of paying for these kinds of installations. The money would have to come from the private sector.
In March 2011, Labeaume announced that he was "passing the puck" to Pierre Karl Péladeau and the group Quebecor. The media empire engaged itself in using the new Colisée with or without an NHL team.
Personal life
In March 2019, Labeaume announced that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer.
References
External links
Biography of Régis Labeaume at Canoe.ca
Category:1956 births
Category:French Quebecers
Category:Living people
Category:Mayors of Quebec City
Category:Businesspeople from Quebec
Category:Université Laval alumni
Category:People from Roberval, Quebec
Category:Writers from Quebec | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Eucosma metana
Eucosma metana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanghai, China.
References
Category:Moths described in 1919
Category:Eucosmini | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Q:
why jenkins source code management configuration none?
While i am trying to configure my project on jenkins. i need to provide git. but in source code management option default none. how to add git.
kindly some one help me, thank you
A:
Read how to install a plugin: https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Plugins#Plugins-Howtoinstallplugins
Install the git plugin: https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Git+Plugin
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
import React from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import moment from 'moment';
import { Link } from '@reach/router';
import { Utils } from '../../../utils/utils.js';
import { siteRoot } from '../../../utils/constants';
const GroupItemPropTypes = {
group: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
showSetGroupQuotaDialog: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
showDeleteDepartDialog: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
};
class GroupItem extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
highlight: false,
};
}
onMouseEnter = () => {
this.setState({ highlight: true });
}
onMouseLeave = () => {
this.setState({ highlight: false });
}
render() {
const group = this.props.group;
const highlight = this.state.highlight;
const newHref = siteRoot+ 'sys/departments/' + group.id + '/';
return (
<tr className={highlight ? 'tr-highlight' : ''} onMouseEnter={this.onMouseEnter} onMouseLeave={this.onMouseLeave}>
<td><Link to={newHref}>{group.name}</Link></td>
<td>{moment(group.created_at).fromNow()}</td>
<td onClick={this.props.showSetGroupQuotaDialog.bind(this, group.id)}>
{Utils.bytesToSize(group.quota)}{' '}
<span title="Edit Quota" className={`fa fa-pencil-alt attr-action-icon ${highlight ? '' : 'vh'}`}></span>
</td>
<td className="cursor-pointer text-center" onClick={this.props.showDeleteDepartDialog.bind(this, group)}>
<span className={`sf2-icon-delete action-icon ${highlight ? '' : 'vh'}`} title="Delete"></span>
</td>
</tr>
);
}
}
GroupItem.propTypes = GroupItemPropTypes;
export default GroupItem;
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
Why $\sqrt{\sin^2 x}<0.5$ can be transformed in $|\sin x|<0.5$?
Why $\sqrt{\sin^2 x}<0.5$ can be transformed in $|\sin x|<0.5$. Then $|\sin x|<0.5$ can be transformed in $-0.5<\sin x<0.5$? What is the proof of the inequality?
A:
It's hard for me to guess what you mean by "be mentioned", but:
$$b>0\;\;\Longrightarrow\;\;|a|<b\Longleftrightarrow -b<a<b$$
So
$$|\sin x|<\frac{1}{2}\Longleftrightarrow -\frac{1}{2}<\sin x<\frac{1}{2}\Longleftrightarrow \left\{\begin{array} {}-\frac{\pi}{6}<x<\frac{\pi}{6}&\text{or}\\{}\\\;\;\;\frac{5\pi}{6}<x<\frac{7\pi}{6}\end{array}\right.$$
If you prefer degrees over radians remember:
$$\pi\,\text{rad.}=180^\circ\Longrightarrow \frac{\pi}{6}\text{rad.}=30^\circ\,\,\text{and etc.}$$
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
---
abstract: 'We study supersymmetric black holes in $AdS_4$ in the framework of four dimensional gauged $\N=2$ supergravity coupled to hypermultiplets. We derive the flow equations for a general electrically gauged theory where the gauge group is Abelian and, restricting them to the fixed points, we derive the gauged supergravity analogue of the attractor equations for theories coupled to hypermultiplets. The particular models we analyze are consistent truncations of M-theory on certain Sasaki-Einstein seven-manifolds. We study the space of horizon solutions of the form $AdS_2\times \Sig_g$ with both electric and magnetic charges and find a four-dimensional solution space when the theory arises from a reduction on $Q^{111}$. For other $SE_7$ reductions, the solutions space is a subspace of this. We construct explicit examples of spherically symmetric black holes numerically.'
---
1.5cm Nick Halmagyi$^*$, Michela Petrini$^*$, Alberto Zaffaroni$^{\dagger}$\
0.5cm $^{*}$ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies,\
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 7589,\
F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France\
0.5cm $\dagger$ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano–Bicocca,\
I-20126 Milano, Italy\
and\
INFN, sezione di Milano–Bicocca,\
I-20126 Milano, Italy\
0.5cm
halmagyi@lpthe.jussieu.fr\
petrini@lpthe.jussieu.fr\
alberto.zaffaroni@mib.infn.it
Introduction
============
Supersymmetric, asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes[^1] with regular spherical horizons have recently been discovered in $\N=2$ gauged supergravities with vector multiplets [@Cacciatori:2009iz]. These solutions have been further studied in [@DallAgata2011; @Hristov:2010ri]. The analytic solution for the entire black hole was constructed and shown to be one quarter-BPS. For particular choices of prepotential and for particular values of the gauge couplings, these black holes can be embedded into M-theory and are asymptotic to $AdS_4\times S^7$.
The goal of this work is to study supersymmetric, asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes in more general gauged supergravities, with both vector and hypermultiplets. The specific theories we focus on are consistent truncations of string or M-theory. Supersymmetric black holes in these theories involve running hypermultiplet scalars and are substantially different from the examples in [@Cacciatori:2009iz]. The presence of hypers prevents us from finding analytic solutions of the BPS conditions, nevertheless we study analytically the space of supersymmetric horizon solutions $AdS_2\times \Sigma_g$ and show that there is a large variety of them. We will then find explicit spherically symmetric black hole solutions interpolating between $AdS_4$ and $AdS_2\times S^2$ by numerical methods. The black holes we construct have both electric and magnetic charges.
Our demand that the supergravity theory is a consistent truncation of M-theory and that the asymptotic $AdS_4$ preserves $\N=2$ supersymmetry limits our search quite severely. Some of the gauged supergravity theories studied in [@Cacciatori:2009iz] correspond to the $\N=2$ truncations [@Cvetic1999b; @Duff:1999gh] of the de-Wit/Nicolai $\N=8$ theory [@deWit:1981eq] where only massless vector multiplets are kept. In this paper we will focus on more general theories obtained as consistent truncations of M-theory on seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. A consistent truncation of eleven-dimensional supergravity on a Sasaki-Einstein manifold to a universal sector was obtained in [@Gauntlett:2007ma; @Gauntlett:2009zw]. More recently the general reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity to four dimensions on left-invariant coset manifolds with $SU(3)$-structure has been performed in [@Cassani:2012pj][^2]. Exploiting the coset structure of the internal manifold it is possible to truncate the theory in such a way to also keep massive Kaluza-Klein multiplets. These reductions can, by their very construction, be lifted directly to the higher dimensional theory and are guaranteed to solve the higher dimensional equations of motion.
The black holes we construct represent the gravitational backreaction of bound states of M2 and M5-branes wrapped on curved manifolds in much the same manner as was detailed by Maldacena and Nunez [@Maldacena:2000mw] for D3-branes in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ and M5-branes in $AdS_7 \times S^4$. To preserve supersymmetry, a certain combination of the gauge connections in the bulk is set equal to the spin connection, having the effect of twisting the worldvolume gauge theory in the manner of [@Witten:1988xj]. For D3-branes, for particular charges, the bulk system will flow to $AdS_3 \times \Sigma_g$ in the IR and the entire solution represents an asymptotically $AdS_5$ black string. The general regular flow preserves just 2 real supercharges and thus in IIB string theory it is $\frac{1}{16}$-BPS. Similarly, for the asymptotically $AdS_7$, black M5-brane solutions, depending on the charges, the IR geometry is $AdS_5\times \Sig_g$ and the dual $CFT_4$ may have $\N=2$ or $\N=1$ supersymmetry. These $\N=2$ SCFT’s and their generalizations have been of much recent interest [@Gaiotto2012h; @Gaiotto2009] and the $\N=1$ case has also been studied [@Benini:2009mz; @Bah:2012dg].
By embedding the $AdS_4$ black holes in M-theory we can see them as M2-brane wrapping a Riemann surface. For particular charges, the bulk system will flow to $AdS_2 \times \Sigma_g$ in the IR and represents a black hole with regular horizon. The original examples found in [@Caldarelli1999] can be reinterpreted in this way; it has four equal magnetic charges and can be embedded in $AdS_4 \times S^7$. The explicit analytic solution is known and it involves constant scalars and a hyperbolic horizon. A generalization of [@Maldacena:2000mw] to M2-branes wrapping $\Sig_g$ was performed in [@Gauntlett2002] where certain very symmetric twists were considered. Fully regular solutions for M2 branes wrapping a two-sphere with running scalars were finally found in [@Cacciatori:2009iz] in the form of $AdS_4$ black holes. It is note-worthy that of all these scenarios of branes wrapping Riemann surfaces, the complete analytic solution for general charges is known only for M2-branes on $\Sig_g$ with magnetic charges [@Cacciatori:2009iz].
One way to generalize these constructions of branes wrapped on $\Sig_g$ is to have more general transverse spaces. This is the focus of this article. For M5-branes one can orbifold $S^4$ while for D3-branes one can replace $S^5$ by an arbitrary $SE_5$ manifold and indeed a suitable consistent truncation on $T^{11}$ has indeed been constructed [@Bena:2010pr; @Cassani:2010na]. For M2-branes one can replace $S^7$ by a seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifold $SE_7$ and, as discussed above, the work of [@Cassani:2012pj] provides us with a rich set of consistent truncations to explore. Interestingly, in our analysis we find that there are no solutions for pure M2-brane backgrounds, there must be additional electric and magnetic charges corresponding to wrapped M2 and M5-branes on internal cycles. Asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes with more general transverse space can be found in [@Donos:2008ug] and [@Donos2012d] where the solutions were studied directly in M-theory. These include the M-theory lift of the solutions we give in Sections \[sec:Q111Simp\] and \[numericalQ111\].
The BPS black holes we construct in this paper are asymptotically $AdS_4$ and as such they are states in particular (deformed) three-dimensional superconformal field theories on $S^2\times \mathbb{R}$. The solution in [@Cacciatori:2009iz] can be considered as a state in the twisted ABJM theory [@Aharony:2008ug]. The solutions we have found in this paper can be seen as states in (twisted and deformed) three dimensional Chern-Simons matter theory dual to the M-theory compactifications of homogeneous Sasaki-Einstein manifolds[^3]. One feature of these theories compared to ABJM is the presence of many baryonic symmetries that couple to the vector multiplets arising from non trivial two-cycles in the Sasaki-Einstein manifold. In terms of the worldvolume theory, the black holes considered in this paper are then electrically charged states of a Chern-Simons matter theory in a monopole background for $U(1)_R$ symmetry and other global symmetries, including the baryonic ones[^4].
Gauged $\N=2$ supergravity with hypermultiplets is the generic low-energy theory arising from a Kaluza-Klein reduction of string/M-theory on a flux background. The hypermultiplet scalars interact with the vector-multiplet scalars through the scalar potential: around a generic $AdS_4$ vacuum the eigenmodes mix the hypers and vectors. In the models we study, we employ a particular simplification on the hypermultiplet scalar manifold and find solutions where only one real hypermultiplet scalar has a non-trivial profile. Given that the simplification is so severe it is quite a triumph that solutions exist within this ansatz. It would be interesting to understand if this represents a general feature of black holes in gauged supergravity.\
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we summarize the ansatz we use and the resulting BPS equations for an arbitrary electrically gauged $\N=2$ supergravity theory. The restriction of the flow equations to the horizon produces gauged supergravity analogues of the attractor equations.
In Section 3 we describe the explicit supergravity models we consider. A key step is that we use a symplectic rotation to a frame where the gauging parameters are purely electric so that we can use the supersymmetry variations at our disposal.
In Section 4 we study horizon geometries of the form $AdS_2\times \Sig_g$ where $g\neq 1$. We find a four parameter solution space for $Q^{111}$ and the solutions spaces for all the other models are truncations of this space.
In Section 5 we construct numerically black hole solutions for $Q^{111}$ and for $M^{111}$. The former solution is a gauged supergravity reproduction of the solution found in [@Donos2012d] and is distinguished in the space of all solutions by certain simplifications. For this solution, the phase of the four dimensional spinor is constant and in addition the massive vector field vanishes. The solution which we construct in $M^{111}$ turns out to be considerably more involved to compute numerically and has all fields of the theory running. In this sense we believe it to be representative of the full solution space in $Q^{111}$.
The Black Hole Ansatz
=====================
We want to study static supersymmetric asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity. The standard conventions and notations for $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity [@Andrianopoli:1996vr; @Andrianopoli:1996cm] are briefly reviewed in Appendix \[gsugra\].
Being supersymmetric, these black holes can be found by solving the supersymmetry variations - plus Maxwell equations . In this section we give the ansatz for the metric and the gauge fields, and a simplified form of the SUSY variations we will study in the rest of this paper. The complete SUSY variations are derived and discussed in Appendix \[sec:BPSEqs\].
The Ansatz {#sec:bhansatz}
----------
We will focus on asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes with spherical ($AdS_2\times S^2$) or hyperbolic ($AdS_2\times \HH^2$) horizons. The modifications required to study $AdS_2\times \Sig_g$ horizons, where $\Sigma_g$ is a Riemann surface of genus $g$, are discussed at the end of Section \[sec:BPSflow\]. The ansatz for the metric and gauge fields is \[ansatz\] ds\^2&=& e\^[2U]{} dt\^2- e\^[-2U]{} dr\^2- e\^[2(V-U)]{} (d\^2+F()\^2 d\^2) \[metAnsatz\]\
A\^&=& \^(r) dt- p\^(r) F’() d, with F()={ :& S\^2 (=1)\
:& \^2 (=-1) .
The electric and magnetic charges are p\^&=& \_[S\^2]{} F\^\[elinv\] ,\
q\_&& \_[S\^2]{} G\_= -e\^[2(V-U)]{} \_ ’\^+\_ p\^ , \[maginv\] where $G_\Lam$ is the symplectic-dual gauge field strength G\_ =R\_ F\^-\_ \*F\^ . In addition, we assume that all scalars in the theory, the fields $z^i$ from the $n_v$-vector multiplets and $q^u$ from the $n_h$-hypermultiplets, are functions of the radial coordinate $r$, only. Moreover, we will restrict our analysis to abelian gaugings of the hypermultiplet moduli space and assume that the gauging is purely electric. As discussed in [@deWit:2005ub], for Abelian gauge groups one can always find a symplectic frame where this is true.
The BPS Flow Equations {#sec:BPSflow}
----------------------
In Appendix \[sec:BPSEqs\], we derive the general form that the SUSY conditions take with our ansatz for the metric and gauge fields and the hypothesis discuss above for the gaugings. We will only consider spherical and hyperbolic horizons.
Throughout the text, when looking for explicit black hole solutions we make one simplifying assumption, namely that the Killing prepotentials $P^x_\Lam$ of the hypermultiplet scalar manifold $\cM_h$ satisfy[^5] P\^1\_=P\^2\_=0. \[P120\] The flow equations given in this section reduce to the equations in [@DallAgata2011; @Hristov:2010ri] when the hypermultiplets are truncated away and thus $P^3_\Lam$ are constant.\
The preserved supersymmetry is \_A= e\^[U/2]{} e\^[i/2]{} \_[0A]{} where $\eps_{0A}$ is an $SU(2)$-doublet of constant spinors which satisfy the following projections \_[0A]{}&=&i \_[AB]{}\^[0]{} \_0\^[B]{},\
\_[0A]{}&=& (\^3)\_A\^[ B]{} \^[01]{} \_[0B]{} . As a result only $2$ of the 8 supersymmetries are preserved along any given flow. Imposing these two projections, the remaining content of the supersymmetry equations reduces to a set of bosonic BPS equations. Some are algebraic p\^P\_\^3&=&1 \[pP1\] ,\
p\^k\_\^u &=& 0 \[pk1\] ,\
\_r\^P\^3\_&=& e\^[2(U-V)]{}e\^[-i]{}\[Alg1\] ,\
\^P\^3\_&=& 2 e\^U \_r\^P\^3\_\[qP\] ,\
\^k\^u\_&=& 2 e\^U \_r\^k\^u\_\[qk\] , and some differential (e\^U)’&=& \_i\^P\^3\_ - e\^[2(U-V)]{}( e\^[-i]{} ) \[UEq\] ,\
V’ &=& 2 e\^[-U]{} \_i\^P\^3\_ \[VEq\] ,\
z’\^i &=& e\^[i]{}e\^[U-2V]{}g\^[i]{}D\_ i e\^[i]{}e\^[-U]{} g\^[i]{} [|f]{}\_\^ P\_\^3 \[tauEq\] ,\
q’\^u&=&2e\^[-U]{} h\^[uv]{} \_v \_i\^ P\^3\_\[qEq\] ,\
’&=&-A\_re\^[-2U]{}\^P\_\^3 \[psiEq\] ,\
p’\^&=& 0 , where we have absorbed a phase in the definition of the symplectic sections \^=\_r\^+i \_i\^= e\^[-i]{} L\^ . $\cZ$ denotes the central charge &=&p\^M\_- q\_L\^\
&=& L\^\_ (e\^[2(V-U)]{} \^+ ip\^),\
D\_ &=&\^\_ \_ e\^[2(V-U)]{} ’\^ +ip\^ . Once $P^3_\Lam$ are fixed, the $\pm$-sign in the equations above can be absorbed by a redefinition $(p^\Lam,q_\Lam,e^U)\ra -(p^\Lam,q_\Lam,e^U)$.\
Since the gravitino and hypermultiplets are charged, there are standard Dirac quantization conditions which must hold in the vacua of the theory p\^P\^3\_&& ,\
p\^k\^u\_&& . We see from and that the BPS conditions select a particular integer quantization.\
Maxwell’s equation becomes q’\_=2 e\^[-2U]{} e\^[2(V-U)]{}h\_[uv]{} k\^u\_k\^v\_\^\[Max1\] . Notice that for the truncations of M-theory studied in this work, the non-trivial RHS will play a crucial role since massive vector fields do not carry conserved charges.\
Using standard special geometry relations, one can show that the variation for the vector multiplet scalars and the warp factor $U$, and , are equivalent to a pair of constraints for the sections $\cL^\Lam$ \_r e\^[U]{} \_r\^& =& ’\^ , \[delLr2\]\
\_r e\^[-U]{} \_i\^& =& \^ P\_\^3 2 e\^[-3U]{} \^P\^3\_\_r\^ . \[delLi2\] Importantly we can integrate to get \^=2 e\^U \_r\^+ c\^\[qLr\] for some constant $c^\Lam$. From and we see that this gauge invariance is constrained to satisfy c\^P\^3\_=0, c\^k\^u\_=0. We note that due to the constraint on the sections \_ \^\^=-, and give $(2n_v+1)$-equations.\
One can show that the algebraic relation is an integral of motion for the rest of the system. Specifically, differentiating one finds a combination of the BPS equations plus Maxwell equations contracted with $\cL_i^\Lam$. One can solve for $\psi$ and find that it is the phase of a modified “central charge" $\hcZ$: &=& e\^[i]{}||, =(e\^[2(U-V)]{}i L\^P\^3\_).
Our analysis also applies to black holes with $AdS_2\times \Sig_g$ horizons, where $\Sig_g$ is a Riemann surface of genus $g\ge 0$. The case $g>1$ is trivially obtained by taking a quotient of $\HH^2$ by a discrete group, since all Riemann surfaces with $g > 1$ can be obtained in this way. Our system of BPS equations (\[pP1\]) - (\[psiEq\]) also applies to the case of flat or toroidal horizons ($g=1$) ds\^2&=& e\^[2U]{} dt\^2- e\^[-2U]{} dr\^2- e\^[2(V-U)]{} (d x\^2+ d y\^2)\
A\^&=& \^(r) dt- p\^(r) x d y , with q\_&& -e\^[2(V-U)]{} \_ ’\^- \_ p\^ ,\
&=&L\^\_ (e\^[2(V-U)]{} \^- i p\^), provided we substitute the constraint (\[pP1\]) with p\^P\_\^3= 0 . We will not consider explicitly the case of flat horizons in this paper although they have attracted some recent interest [@Donos2012d].
$AdS_2\times S^2$ and $AdS_2\times \HH^2$ Fixed Point Equations {#sec:horizonEqs}
---------------------------------------------------------------
At the horizon the scalars $(z^i,q^u)$ are constant, while the functions in the metric and gauge fields take the form e\^U=, e\^V=, \^= r\_0\^\
with $q_0^\Lam$ constant. The BPS equations are of course much simpler, in particular they are all algebraic and there are additional superconformal symmetries.
There are the two Dirac quantization conditions p\^P\_\^3 &=&1, \[pP\]\
p\^k\_\^u &=&0 , \[pk\] and give two constraints on the electric component of the gauge field \_0\^P\^x\_&=& 0 , \[tqP\]\
\_0\^k\^u\_&=& 0 \[tqk\] . The radii are given by and &=&2 \_i\^P\^3\_\[R1hor\] ,\
&=&- 2( e\^[-i]{} ) \[R2hor\] . In addition, the algebraic constraint becomes (e\^[-i]{} )=0 and the hyperino variation gives \_i\^k\^u\_=0.\[hyphor\]
Finally, combining , and , we can express the charges in terms of the scalar fields p\^&=& - \_i\^R\_2\^2 \^ P\_\^3 \[phor\] ,\
q\_&=& - \_[i]{} R\_2\^2 \_ \^ P\^3\_ , \[qhor\] with $\cM_{i\,\Lam}=\Im (e^{-i\psi} M_\Lam)$. These are the gauged supergravity analogue of the [*attractor equations*]{}.\
It is of interest to solve explicitly for the spectrum of horizon geometries in any given gauged supergravity theory. In particular this should involve inverting and to express the scalar fields in terms of the charges. Even in the ungauged case, this is in general not possible analytically and the equations here are considerably more complicated. Nonetheless one can determine the dimension of the solution space and, for any particular set of charges, one can numerically solve the horizon equations to determine the value of the various scalars. In this way one can check regularity of the solutions.
Consistent Truncations of M-theory {#sec:truncations}
==================================
Having massaged the BPS equations into a neat set of bosonic equations we now turn to particular gauged supergravity theories in order to analyze the space of black hole solutions. We want to study models which have consistent lifts to M-theory and which have an $\cN=2$ $\ AdS_4$ vacuum somewhere in their field space, this limits our search quite severely. Two examples known to us are $\N=2$ truncations of the de-Wit/Nicolai $\N=8$ theory [@deWit:1981eq] and the truncation of M-theory on $SU(3)$-structure cosets [@Cassani:2012pj]. In this paper we will concentrate on some of the models constructed in [@Cassani:2012pj]. The ones of interest for us are listed in Table 1.\
\[tb1\]
$M_7$ $n_v:m^2=0$ $n_v:m^2\neq0$ $n_h$
----------------------- ------------- ---------------- -------
$Q^{111}$ 2 1 1
$M^{111}$ 1 1 1
$N^{11}$ 1 2 2
$\frac{Sp(2)}{Sp(1)}$ 0 2 2
$\frac{SU(4)}{SU(3)}$ 0 1 1
: The consistent truncations on $SU(3)$-structure cosets being considered in this work. $M_7$ is the 7-manifold, the second column is the number of massless vector multiplets at the $AdS_4$ vacuum, the third column is the number of massive vector multiplets and final column is the number of hypermultiplets.
For each of these models there exists a consistent truncation to an $\N=2$ gauged supergravity with $n_v$ vector multiplets and $n_h$ hypermultiplets. We summarize here some of the features of these models referring to [@Cassani:2012pj] for a more detailed discussion.
We denote the vector multiplets scalars z\^i = b\^i + i v\^i i = 1, …, n\_v where the number of vector multiplets $n_v$ can vary from 0 to 3. Notice that all models contain some massive vector multiplets. For the hypermultiplets, we use the notation ( z\^i, a, , \^A) where $a, \phi$ belong to the universal hypermultiplet. This is motivated by the structure of the quaternionic moduli spaces in these models, which can be seen as images of the c-map. The metric on quaternionic Kähler manifolds of this kind can be written in the form [@Ferrara:1989ik] ds\_[QK]{}\^2=d\^2 +g\_[i]{} dz\^i d\^ +e\^[4]{}da+\^T d \^2 -e\^[2]{}d\^T d, where $\{z^i,\zbar^{\jbar}|i=1,\ldots,n_h-1\}$ are special coordinates on the special Kähler manifold $\cM_c$ and $\{ \xi^A,\txi_A| A=1,\ldots,n_h\}$ form the symplectic vector $\xi^T=(\xi^A,\txi_A)$ and are coordinates on the axionic fibers.\
All these models, and more generally of $\mathcal{N}=2$ actions obtained from compactifications, have a cubic prepotential for the vector multiplet scalars and both magnetic and electric gaugings of abelian isometries of the hypermultiplet scalar manifold. In ungauged supergravity the vector multiplet sector is invariant under $Sp(2n_v+2,\RR)$. The gauging typically breaks this invariance, and we can use such an action to find a symplectic frame where the gauging is purely electric[^6]. Since $Sp(2n_v+2,\RR)$ acts non trivially on the prepotential $\mathcal{F}$, the rotated models we study will have a different prepotential than the original ones in [@Cassani:2012pj] .
The Gaugings {#sec:gaugings}
------------
In the models we consider, the symmetries of the hypermultiplet moduli space that are gauged are non compact shifts of the axionic fibers $\xi_A$ and $U(1)$ rotations of the special Kähler basis $z^i$. The corresponding Killing vectors are the Heisenberg vector fields: h\^A&=& \_[\_A]{} + \^A \_a, h\_A= \_[\^A]{} - \_A \_a, h=\_a which satisfy $[h_A,h^B]=\delta_A^B h$, as well as f\^A&=&\_A\_[\^A]{}- \^A\_[\_A]{}, ([indices not summed]{})\
g&=&\_[z]{}+ z \_ .
For some purposes it is convenient to work in homogeneous coordinates on $\cM_c$ =
\^A\
\_A
Z =
Z\^A\
Z\_A
with $z^i = Z^i/Z^0$ and to define k\_=(Z)\^A +()\^A +()\^A +()\_A , where $\UU$ is a $2n_h\times 2n_h$ matrix of gauging parameters. In special coordinates $k_\UU$ is a sum of the Killing vectors $f^A$ and $g$.
A general electric Killing vector field of the quaternionic Kähler manifold is given by k\_=k\^u\_=\_[0]{} k\_ +Q\_[A]{} h\^A+Q\_\^[ A]{} h\_A -e\_ h , where $Q_{\Lam A}$ and $Q_\Lam^A$ are also matrices of gauge parameters, while the magnetic gaugings are parameterized by [@Cassani:2012pj] \^=-m\^h. For these models, the resulting Killing prepotentials can be worked out using the property \[Pkw\] P\^x\_=k\^u\_\^x\_u \^[x ]{} = \^[u ]{} \^x\_u , where $\om^x_u$ is the spin connection on the quaternionic Kähler manifold [@Ferrara:1989ik] \^1+i \^2&=& e\^[+ K\_[c]{}/2]{} Z\^T d,\
\^3 &=& da + \^T d- 2 e\^[K\_c]{} Z\^A\_[AB]{} d\^B . The Killing vector $k_\UU$ may contribute a constant shift to $P^3_0$, and this is indeed the case for the examples below.
As already mentioned, we will work in a rotated frame where all gaugings are electric. The form of the Killing vectors and prepotentials is the same, with the only difference that now $\tk^{\Lam}=-m^\Lam h$ and $ \tilde{P}^{x \, \Lam}$ will add an extra contribution to the electric ones.
The Models
----------
The models which we will study are summarized in Table 1. They all contain an $AdS_4$ vacuum with $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry. The vacuum corresponds to the ansatz (\[ansatz\]) with warp factors e\^U=, e\^[V]{}=, and no electric and magnetic charges p\^= q\_= 0 . The $AdS_4$ radius and the non trivial scalar fields are R=\^[3/4]{}, v\_i= , e\^[-2]{} = .\[AdS4Sol\]
This is not an exact solution of the flow equations in Section \[sec:BPSflow\] which require a non-zero magnetic charge to satisfy . The black holes of this paper will asymptotically approach $AdS_4$ in the UV but will differ by non-normalizable terms corresponding to the magnetic charge. The corresponding asymptotic behavior has been dubbed [*magnetic*]{} $AdS$ in [@Hristov:2011ye].
### $Q^{111}$
The scalar manifolds for the $Q^{111}$ truncation are \_v=\^3, \_h= \_[2,1]{} = .
The metric on $\cM_{2,1}$ is ds\^2\_[2,1]{}=d\^2 +e\^[4]{} da+(\^0 d\_0-\_0 d\^0) \^2 + e\^[2]{}(d\^0)\^2 + d\_0\^2 , and the special Kähler base $\cM_c$ is trivial. Nonetheless we can formally use the prepotential and special coordinates on $\cM_c$ =, Z\^0=1 to construct the spin connection and Killing prepotentials.\
The natural duality frame which arises upon reduction has a cubic prepotential[^7] F=- \[FQ111\] ,\
with sections $X^\Lam = (1,z^)$ and both electric and magnetic gaugings = 0 & 4\
-4 & 0, e\_00, m\^1=m\^2=m\^3=-2. \[gaugeQ111\] Using an element $\cS_0\in Sp(8,\ZZ)$ we rotate to a frame where the gaugings are purely electric. Explicitly we have \_0=A & B\
C& D , A=D= (1,0,0,0) , B=-C= (0,-1,-1,-1)\[S0rotation\] and the new gaugings are = 0 & 4\
-4 & 0, e\_00, e\_1=e\_2=e\_3=-2. \[gaugeQ11elec\] The Freund-Rubin parameter $e_0>0$ is unfixed. In this duality frame the special geometry data are F&=&2,\
X\^&=& (1,z\^2 z\^3,z\^1z\^3, z\^1 z\^2),\
F\_&=& (z\^1z\^2 z\^3,z\^1,z\^2,z\^3).
### $M^{111}$
The consistent truncation on $M^{111}$ has \_v=\^2, \_h= \_[2,1]{} and is obtained from the $Q^{111}$ reduction by truncating a single massless vector multiplet. This amounts to setting v\_3=v\_1, b\_3=b\_1, A\^3=A\^1. \[M110trunc\]
### $N^{11}$
The consistent truncation of M-theory on $N^{11}$ has one massless and two massive vector multiplets, along with two hypermultiplets. The scalar manifolds are \_v=\^3, \_h= \_[4,2]{} =.
The metric on $\cM_{2,4}$ is ds\_[4,2]{}\^2&=&d\^2 + +e\^[-2]{} d\^2+e\^[4]{} da+ (\^0 d\_0-\_0 d\^0+\^1 d\_1-\_1 d\^1)\
&&+e\^[2+]{}d\^0+ d\^1 \^2+e\^[2+]{}d\_0- d\_1 \^2\
&& +e\^[2-]{} d\^0- d\^1 + (d\_0- d\_1) \^2\
&& +e\^[2-]{} d\_0+ d\_1- ( d\^0+ d\^1 ) \^2 , \[SO42met\] and the special coordinate $z$ on the base is given by e\^+i = , d\^2 + e\^[-2]{} d\^2= . This differs slightly from the special coordinate used in [@Cassani:2012pj], where the metric is taken on the upper half plane instead of the disk. The prepotential and special coordinates on $\cM_c$ are given by =, Z\^A=(1,z).
The cubic prepotential on $\cM_v$ obtained from dimensional reduction is the same as for $Q^{111}$, , however the models differ because of additional gaugings Q\_1\^[ 1]{}=Q\_2\^[ 1]{}=2, Q\_3\^[ 1]{}=-4. \[QelecN11\] The duality rotation we used for the $Q^{111}$ model to make the gaugings electric would not work here since it would then make magnetic. However using the fact that $m^\Lam$ and $Q_\Lam^{\ 1} $ are orthogonal m\^Q\_\^[ 1]{}=0, we can find a duality frame where all parameters are electric and $Q_{\Lam}^{\ A}$ is unchanged. Explicitly we use \_1= \^[-1]{} where &=& 1 & 0& 0& 0\
0 & c\_& s\_&0\
0& -s\_& c\_&0\
0 & 0&0 & 1 1 & 0& 0& 0\
0 & 1& 0& 0\
0 & 0& c\_& s\_\
0& 0 & -s\_& c\_, =/4, =,\
&=& \^[-1]{} & 0\
0& ,\
&=& A & B\
C& D , A=D= (1,0,1,1), B=-C=(0,-1,0,0). The Killing vectors are then given by and .
The prepotential in this frame is rather complicated in terms of the new sections, which are in turn given as a function of the scalar fields $z^i$ by X\^&=&(3, 2z\^1-z\^2-z\^3+z\^[123]{} ,2z\^2-z\^1-z\^3+z\^[123]{} ,2z\^3-z\^1-z\^2+z\^[123]{}),\
z\^[123]{}&=& z\^1 z\^2 +z\^2z\^3 + z\^3 z\^1.
### Squashed $S^7$ $\sim\frac{Sp(2)}{Sp(1)}$
This is obtained from the $N^{11}$ model by eliminating the massless vector multiplet. Explicitly, this is done by setting v\_2=v\_1, b\_2=b\_1, A\^2=A\^1. In addition to the $\N=2$, round $S^7$ solution this model contains in its field space the squashed $S^7$ solution, although this vacuum has only $\cN=1$ supersymmetry. Thus flows from this solution lie outside the ansatz employed in this work.
### Universal $\frac{SU(4)}{SU(3)}$ Truncation
This model was first considered in [@Gauntlett:2009zw]. It contains just one massive vector multiplet and one hypermultiplet, and can be obtained from the $M^{111}$ truncation by setting v\_2=v\_1, b\_2=b\_1, A\^2=A\^1.
Horizon Geometries {#sec:hyperhorizons}
==================
We now apply the horizon equations of Section \[sec:horizonEqs\] to the models of Section \[sec:truncations\]. We find that there is a four dimensional solution space within the $Q^{111}$ model and that this governs all the other models, even though not all the other models are truncations of $Q^{111}$. The reason is that the extra gaugings present in the $N^{11}$ and squashed $S^{7}$ model can be reinterpreted as simple algebraic constraints on our $Q^{111}$ solution space.
In the following, we will use the minus sign in and subsequent equations. We also recall that $\kappa =1$ refers to $AdS_2\times S^2$ and $\kappa =-1$ to $AdS_2\times \HH^2$ horizons.
M-theory Interpretation
-----------------------
The charges of the four-dimensional supergravity theory have a clear interpretation in the eleven-dimensional theory. This interpretation is different from how the charges lift in the theory used in [@Cacciatori:2009iz], which we now review. In the consistent truncation of M-theory on $S^7$ [@deWit:1984nz; @Nicolai:2011cy] the $SO(8)$-vector fields lift to Kaluza-Klein metric modes in eleven-dimensions. In the further truncation of [@Cvetic1999b; @Duff:1999gh] only the four-dimensional Cartan subgroup of $SO(8)$ is retained, the magnetic charges of the four vector fields in [@Cacciatori:2009iz] lift to the Chern numbers of four $U(1)$-bundles over $\Sig_g$. One can interpret the resulting $AdS_4$ black holes as the near horizon limit of a stack of M2-branes wrapping $\Sig_g\subset X_5$, where $X_5$ is a praticular non-compact Calabi-Yau five-manifold, constructed as four line bundles over $\Sig_g$: A similar description holds for wrapped D3-branes and wrapped M5-branes in the spirit of [@Maldacena:2000mw]. The general magnetic charge configurations have been analyzed recently for D3 branes in [@Benini2013a] and M5-branes in [@Bah:2012dg]. Both these works have computed the field theory central charge and matched the gravitational calculation [^8]. This alone provides convincing evidence that the holographic dictionary works for general twists. There has not yet been any such computation performed from the quantum mechanics dual to the solutions of [@Cacciatori:2009iz], but, as long as the charges are subject to appropriate quantization so as to make $X_5$ well defined, one might imagine there exist well defined quantum mechanical duals of these solutions.
Now returning to the case at hand, the eleven-dimensional metric from which the four-dimensional theory is obtained is [@Cassani:2012pj] ds\_[11]{}\^2= e\^[2V]{} \^[-1]{} ds\_4\^2 + e\^[-V]{} ds\_[B\_6]{}\^2+ e\^[2V]{}(+A\^0)\^2 , where $B_6$ is a Kähler-Einstein six-manifold, $\tha$ is the Sasaki fiber, $V$ is a certain combination of scalar fields (not to be confused with $V$ in ), $\cK=\coeff{1}{8}e^{-K}$ with $K$ the Kähler potential, and $A^0$ is the four-dimensional graviphoton[^9]. In addition, vector fields of massless vector multiplets come from the three-form potential expanded in terms of cohomologically non-trivial two forms $\om_i$ C\^[(3)]{}\~A\^i\_i. The truncations discussed above come from reductions with additional, cohomologically trivial two-forms, which give rise to the vector fields of massive vector mutliplets. This is an important issue for our black hole solutions since only massless vector fields carry conserved charges.\
The solutions described in this section carry both electric and magnetic charges. The graviphoton will have magnetic charge $p^0$ given by , which means the eleven-dimensional geometry is really of the form AdS\_2M\_9 , where $M_9$ is a nine-manifold which can be described as a $U(1)$ fibration The electric potential $\tq^0$ will vanish from which we learn that this $U(1)$ is not fibered over $AdS_2$, or in other words the M2 branes that wrap $\Sig_g$ do not have momentum along this $U(1)$. In addition the charges that lift to $G^{(4)}$ correspond to the backreaction of wrapped M2 and M5-branes on $H_2(SE_7,\ZZ)$ and $H_5(SE_7,\ZZ)$.
We can check that the Chern number of this $U(1)$ fibration is quantized as follows. First we have +A\^0=d++ A\^0 where $\psi$ has periodicity $2\pi \ell$ for some $\ell\in \RR$ and $\eta$ is a Kähler potential one-form on $B_6$ which satisfies $d\eta=2J$. Such a fibration over a sphere is well defined if n= .\[nZZ\] Recalling and preempting , we see that n=p\^0 =-. For the $SE_7$ admitting spherical horizons used in this paper one has Q\^[111]{},N\^[11]{}:&&=,\
M\^[111]{}:&&= and is satisfied.
$Q^{111}$ {#sec:Q111Horizons}
---------
To describe the solution space of $AdS_2\times S^2$ or $AdS_2\times \HH^2$ solutions, we will exploit the fact that the gaugings are symmetric in the indices $i=1,2,3$. We can therefore express the solution in terms of invariant polynomials under the diagonal action of the symmetric group $\cS_3$[^10] (v\_[1]{}\^[i\_1]{}v\_2\^[i\_2]{} v\_3\^[i\_3]{}b\_[1]{}\^[i\_1]{}b\_2\^[i\_2]{} b\_3\^[i\_3]{}) =\_[S\_3]{}v\_[(1)]{}\^[i\_1]{}v\_[(2)]{}\^[i\_2]{} v\_[(3)]{}\^[i\_3]{}b\_[(1)]{}\^[i\_1]{}b\_[(2)]{}\^[i\_2]{} b\_[(3)]{}\^[i\_3]{}. First we enforce , which gives \^0=0, \_0=0 . The Killing prepotentials are then given by P\^3\_=(4-e\^[2]{}e\_0, -e\^[2]{},-e\^[2]{},-e\^[2]{}) and the non-vanishing components of the Killing vectors by k\^a\_=-(e\_0, 2,2,2).
Solving and we get two constraints on the magnetic charges p\^0=- , p\^1+p\^2+p\^3=- . \[pLamReps\] We find that the phase of the spinor is fixed = , while and are redundant (v\_1b\_2)=0.\[constr1\] Then from we get (v\_1v\_2)-(b\_1b\_2) =e\_0.\[constr2\] We can of course break the symmetry and solve the equations above for, for instance, $(b_3,v_3)$ v\_3&=& ,\
b\_3&=&- . Using we find the radius of $AdS_2$ to be R\_1\^2&=& . The algebraic constraint is nontrivial and can be used to solve for $q_0$ in terms of $(p^\Lam,q_{i},v_j,b_k)$.
Using the value of $p^0$ given in we can solve and and find e\^[2]{}&=& ,\
R\_2\^2&=& R\_1\^2 1- ,\
&&\
q\_0&=& ,\
q\_[0n]{}&=& -(v\_1\^3v\_3 b\_1\^3)+(v\_1v\_3\^3b\_1\^2b\_2) - (v\_1v\_2v\_3)\^2 (b\_1)-b\_1b\_2b\_3(v\_1\^2 b\_2\^2)+(v\_1\^2 b\_2b\_3)\
&&-v\_1v\_2v\_3 (v\_1 b\_1 b\_2\^2) -2 (v\_1 b\_2\^2 b\_3) -2 (v\_1\^2 v\_2 b\_3) ,\
&&\
p\^1&=& ,\
p\^1\_n&=& 2 v\_1\^2v\_2v\_3(v\_2\^2+v\_3\^2+v\_2v\_3) ,\
&& +v\_2 v\_3 (v\_2\^2+v\_3\^2) b\_1\^2 -2 v\_1 v\_2 v\_3(v\_2+v\_3) b\_2 b\_3 +2(v\_2\^2+v\_3\^2)b\_1\^2 b\_2 b\_3 +2 v\_1\^2 b\_2\^2 b\_3\^2\
&&-2 v\_1 v\_3\^2(v\_2+v\_3) b\_1 b\_3 +(-v\_1\^2 v\_2+2 v\_1 v\_2v\_3 + (2 v\_1+v\_2) v\_3\^2)v\_3 b\_2\^2 + (23)\
&&+ 2 v\_3\^2 b\_1b\_2\^2 b\_3 + (v\_1\^2+v\_3\^2) b\_2\^3 b\_3 + (23) ,\
&&\
q\_1&=& ,\
q\_[1n]{}&=& -v\_1v\_2v\_3 (v\_1) b\_1 -v\_1\^2b\_2 (v\_1v\_2) +(23)\
&&+2 v\_1\^2 b\_1b\_2b\_3 +v\_2\^2b\_1\^3 + 2 v\_3\^2 b\_1\^2 b\_2 + (v\_1\^2+v\_3\^2) b\_1 b\_2\^2 +(23) , where = v\_1v\_2v\_3 (v\_1) - (v\_1\^2 b\_2\^2)-( v\_1\^2 b\_2b\_2). The charges $(p^2,p^2,q_2,q_3)$ are related to $(p^1,q_1)$ by symmetry of the $i=1,2,3$ indices.
The general solution space has been parameterized by $(v_i,b_j)$ subject to the two constraints and leaving a four dimensional space. From these formula, one can easily establish numerically regions where the horizon geometry is regular. A key step omitted here is to invert these formulae and express the scalars $(b_i,v_j)$ in terms of the charges $(p^\Lam,q_\Lam)$. This would allow one to express the entropy and the effective $AdS_2$ radius in term of the charges [@wip].
### A $Q^{111}$ simplification {#sec:Q111Simp}
The space of solutions in the $Q^{111}$ model simplifies considerably if one enforces a certain symmetry p\^1=p\^2, q\_1=-q\_2.\[Q111Simp\] One then finds a two-dimensional space of solutions part of which was found in [@Donos:2008ug; @Donos2012d] v\_2&=&v\_1, b\_3=0, b\_2=-b\_1\
b\_1&=& \_1\
e\^[2]{} &=&\
R\_1&=&\
R\_2\^2&=& R\_1\^2\
q\_0&=& 0\
q\_1&=&-\_1 \[q1Q111Simp\]\
q\_3&=& 0\
p\^0&=&-\
p\^1&=&- \[p1Q111Simp\]\
p\^3&=& -2p\^1 , where $\eps_1=\pm$ is a choice. One cannot analytically invert and to give $(v_1,v_3)$ in terms of $(p^1,q_1)$ but one can numerically map the space of charges for which regular solutions exist.
$M^{111}$ {#sec:M110Solutions}
---------
The truncation to the $M^{111}$ model does not respect the simplification . The general solution space is two-dimensional b\_3&=&b\_1, v\_3=v\_1, p\^3=p\^1, q\_3=q\_1,\
b\_1&=& \_2 ,\
b\_2&=&- ,\
e\^[2]{}&=& ,\
R\_1&=& ,\
R\_2\^2 &=& R\_1\^2 , p\^0&=&-, \[p0M110\]\
p\^2&=&-2p\^1 ,\
p\^1&=&- ,\
q\_0&=&-\
&& ,\
&&\
q\_1&=&- ,\
q\_2&=& - , \[q3M110\] where $\eps_2$ is a choice of sign.
$N^{11}$
--------
In setting $P^1_\Lam=P^2_\Lam=0 $ we get \^A=\_A=0, z\^1=\^1=0 , and so the only remaining hyper-scalars are $(\phi,a)$. With this simplification the Killing prepotentials are the same as for $Q^{111}$ P\^3\_=(4-e\^[2]{}e\_0, -e\^[2]{},-e\^[2]{},-e\^[2]{}) , while the Killing vectors have an additional component in the $\xi^1$-direction: k\^a\_&=&-(e\_0, 2,2,2),\
k\^[\^1]{}\_&=& (0,-2,-2,4).
From this one can deduce that the spectrum of horizon solutions will be obtained from that of $Q^{111}$ by imposing two additional constraints p\^k\^[\^1]{}\_&=& 0,\
\^k\^[\^1]{}\_&=& 0, which amount to p\^3&=& (p\^1+p\^2 ), \[N11constraint1\]\
v\_3&=& (v\_1+v\_2 ).\[N11constraint2\]
One can then deduce that the $AdS_2\times \Sig_g$ solution space in the $N^{11}$ model is a two-dimensional restriction of the four dimensional space from the $Q^{111}$ model. While can easily be performed on the general solution space, it is somewhat more difficult to enforce since the charges are given in terms of the scalars. We can display explicitly a one-dimensional subspace of the $N^{11}$ family by further setting $v_3=v_1$: v\_1&=& ,\
b\_1&=& -+1 ,\
b\_3&=& --+1 ,\
R\_1\^2&=& v\_1\^[3/2]{} ,\
R\_2\^2&=& - ,\
e\^[2]{}&=& ,\
p\^1&=& ,\
p\^2&=& ,\
p\^3&=& ,\
q\_0&=& - ,\
q\_1&=& - ,\
q\_2&=&- ,\
q\_3&=& - .
$\frac{Sp(2)}{Sp(1)}$
---------------------
The truncation of M-theory on $\frac{Sp(2)}{Sp(1)}$ is obtained from the $N^{11}$ truncation by removing a massless vector multiplet. Explcitly, this is done by setting v\_2=v\_1, b\_2=b\_1, A\^2=A\^1. Alternatively one can set p\^2=p\^1, v\_2=v\_1 on the two-dimensional $M^{111}$ solution space of Section \[sec:M110Solutions\]. This leaves a unique solution, the universal solution of $\frac{SU(4)}{SU(3)}$ we next describe.
$\frac{SU(4)}{SU(3)}$ {#sec:SU4SU3Sols}
---------------------
This solution is unique and requires $\kappa=-1$. Therefore it only exists for hyperbolic horizons: v\_1&=& ,\
b\_1&=& 0,\
R\_1&=& \^[3/4]{},\
R\_2&=& \^[3/4]{}. It is connected to the central $AdS_4$ vacuum by a flow with constant scalars, which is known analytically [@Caldarelli1999] .
Black Hole solutions: numerical analysis {#numerical}
========================================
Spherically symmetric, asymptotically $AdS$ static black holes can be seen as solutions interpolating between $AdS_4$ and $AdS_2\times S^2$. We have seen that $AdS_2\times S^2$ vacua are quite generic in the consistent truncations of M-theory on Sasaki-Einstein spaces and we may expect that they arise as horizons of static black holes. In this section we will show that this is the case in various examples and we expect that this is true in general.
The system of BPS equations (\[pP1\]) - (\[psiEq\]) can be consistently truncated to the locus $$\label{hyperlocus}
\xi^A =0\, , \qquad \tilde\xi_A=0 \, ;$$ this condition is satisfied at the fixed points and enforces (\[P120\]) along the flow. The only running hyperscalar is the dilaton $\phi$. The solutions of (\[pP1\]) - (\[psiEq\]) will have a non trivial profile for the dilaton, all the scalar fields in the vector multiplets, the gauge fields and the phase of the spinor. This makes it hard to solve the equations analytically. We will find asymptotic solutions near $AdS_4$ and $AdS_2\times S^2$ by expanding the equations in series and will find an interpolating solution numerically. The problem simplifies when symmetries allow to set all the massive gauge fields and the phase of the spinor to zero. A solution of this form can be found in the model corresponding to the truncation on $Q^{111}$. The corresponding solution is discussed in Section \[numericalQ111\] and it corresponds to the class of solutions found in eleven dimensions in [@Donos2012d]. The general case is more complicated. The $M^{111}$ solution discussed in Section \[numericalM110\] is an example of the general case, with most of the fields turned on.
Black Hole solutions in $Q^{111}$ {#numericalQ111}
---------------------------------
We now construct a black hole interpolating between the $AdS_4 \times Q^{111}$ vacuum and the horizon solutions discussed in Section \[sec:Q111Simp\] with p\^1=p\^2, q\_1=-q\_2.\[Q111Simp2\] The solution should correspond to the M-theory one found in [@Donos2012d]. Due to the high degree of symmetry of the model, we can truncate the set of fields appearing in the solution and consistently set $$v_2=v_1\,,\ \ \ b_3=0\,,\ \ \ b_2=-b_1$$ along the flow. This restriction is compatible with the following simplification on the gauge fields $$\tilde q_2(r)=-\tilde q_1(r)\,,\ \ \ \tilde q_0(r)=0\,,\ \ \ \tilde q_3(r)=0\, .$$ It follows that $$\label{simpcond}
k^a_\Lambda \, \tilde q^\Lambda =0\, , \\\ \qquad P^3_\Lambda\, \tilde q^\Lambda =0$$ for all $r$. The latter conditions lead to several interesting simplifications. $k^a_\Lambda \, \tilde q^\Lambda =0$ implies that the right hand side of Maxwell equations (\[Max1\]) vanishes and no massive vector field is turned on. Maxwell equations then reduce to conservation of the invariant electric charges $q_\Lambda$, and we can use the definition (\[maginv\]) to find an algebraic expression for $\tilde q_\Lambda$ in terms of the scalar fields. Moreover, the condition $P^3_\Lambda\, \tilde q^\Lambda =0$ implies that the phase $\psi$ of the spinor is constant along the flow. Indeed, with our choice of fields, $A_r=0$ and the equation (\[psiEq\]) reduces to $\psi^\prime =0$. The full set of BPS equations reduces to six first order equations for the six quantities $$\{ U,V,v_1,v_3,b_1,\phi \} \, .$$
For simplicity, we study the interpolating solution corresponding to the horizon solution in Section \[sec:Q111Simp\] with $v_1=v_3$. This restriction leaves a family of $AdS_2\times S^2$ solutions which can be parameterized by the value of $v_1$ or, equivalently, by the magnetic charge $p^1$. We perform our numerical analysis for the model with e\^[-2]{} = , v\_1 = v\_3 = , b\_1 = - and electric and magnetic charges p\^1=- 12 , q\_1= . We fixed $e_0=8 \sqrt{2}$. The values of the scalar fields at the $AdS_4$ point are given in (\[AdS4Sol\]).\
It is convenient to define a new radial coordinate by $dt= e^{-U} dr$. $t$ runs from $+\infty$ at the $AdS_4$ vacuum to $-\infty$ at the horizon. It is also convenient to re-define some of the scalar fields $$v_i(t) = v_i^{AdS} e^{e_i(t)}\, , \qquad \phi(t)=\phi_{AdS} -\frac12 \rho(t) \, ,$$ such that they vanish at the $AdS_4$ point. The metric functions will be also re-defined $$U(t) =u(t)+\log(R_{AdS})\, , \qquad V(t)=v(t)$$ with $u(t)=t,v(t)=2t$ at the $AdS_4$ vacuum. The BPS equations read
$$\begin{aligned}
u'&=&
e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}} - \frac{3}{4} e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} +\frac{1}{4} e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}
+\frac{1}{2} e^{\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} +\frac{3}{8} e^{-\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} -\frac{3}{4} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v}\nonumber\\
&&-\frac{1}{8} e^{e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} - \frac{15 \sqrt{5} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1}{32\ 2^{3/4}}+\frac{3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1^2}{16 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{3 e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1^2}{32 \sqrt{2}}\, , \nonumber\\
v'&=& 2 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}}-\frac{3}{2} e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+\frac{1}{2} e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+e^{\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+\frac{3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1^2}{8 \sqrt{2}}\, ,\nonumber\\
e'_1&=&
2 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}} -\frac{3}{2} e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} -\frac{1}{2} e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} +\frac{3}{2} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v}
-\frac{1}{4} e^{e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v}\nonumber \\
&&+\frac{15 \sqrt{5} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1}{16\ 2^{3/4}} +\frac{3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1^2}{8 \sqrt{2}}
+\frac{3 e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1^2}{16 \sqrt{2}} \, ,\\
e'_3&=& 2 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}} -\frac{3}{2} e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} +\frac{1}{2} e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} -e^{\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}
-\frac{3}{4} e^{-\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} -\frac{3}{2} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v}\nonumber\\
&&-\frac{1}{4} e^{e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} -\frac{15 \sqrt{5} e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1}{16\ 2^{3/4}}
+\frac{3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1^2}{8 \sqrt{2}} -\frac{3 e^{-e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1^2}{16 \sqrt{2}} \, ,\nonumber\\
b'_1&=& - \frac{5 \sqrt{5} e^{e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v}}{4\ 2^{1/4}} -e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1- \frac{1}{2} e^{e_1+\frac{e_3}{2}+2 u-2 v} b_1 \, ,\nonumber\\
\rho'&=&
- 3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+e^{e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+2 e^{\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho}+\frac{3 e^{-e_1-\frac{e_3}{2}-\rho} b_1^2}{4 \sqrt{2}} \, .\nonumber\end{aligned}$$
This set of equations has two obvious symmetries. Given a solution, we can generate other ones by u(t)u(t) + d\_1 , v(t)v(t) + d\_1 , \[simm1\] or by translating all fields $\phi_i$ in the solution \_(t) \_i(t- d\_2) , \[simm2\] where $d_1$ and $d_2$ are arbitrary constants.\
We can expand the equations near the $AdS_4$ UV point. We should stress again that $AdS_4$ is not strictly a solution due to the presence of a magnetic charge at infinity. However, the metric functions $u$ and $v$ approach the $AdS_4$ value and, for large $t$, the linearized equations of motion for the scalar fields are not affected by the magnetic charge, so that we can use much of the intuition from the AdS/CFT correspondence. The spectrum of the consistent truncation around the $AdS_4$ vacuum in absence of charges have been analyzed in details in [@Cassani:2012pj]. It consists of two massless and one massive vector multiplet (see Table 1). By expanding the BPS equations for large $t$ we find that there exists a family of asymptotically (magnetic) $AdS$ solutions depending on three parameters, corresponding to two operators of dimension $\Delta=1$ and an operator of dimension $\Delta=4$. The asymptotic expansion of the solution is
$$\begin{aligned}
\label{expUVQ111}
u(t) &=& t+ \frac{1}{64} e^{-2 t} \left(16-6 \epsilon_1^2-3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right)+ \cdots \nonumber \\
v(t) &=& 2 t -\frac{3}{32} e^{-2 t} \left(2 \epsilon_1^2+\sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots \nonumber \\
e_1(t)&=&
-\frac{1}{2} e^{-t} \epsilon_1+\frac{1}{80} e^{-2 t} \left(-100-4 \epsilon_1^2-3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots \non \\
&& +\frac{1}{140} e^{-4 t} \left(140 \epsilon_4+
\left(-\frac{375}{8}+ \cdots \right) t\right) +\cdots \nonumber\\
e_3(t)&=&
e^{-t} \epsilon_1+\frac{1}{80} e^{-2 t} \left(200-34 \epsilon_1^2-3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots \non \\
&&+e^{-4 t} \frac{1}{448} \left(1785 + 448 \epsilon_4 - 150 t+\cdots \right ) +\cdots \nonumber\\
b_1(t)&=& e^{-t} \beta_1+e^{-2 t} \left(\frac{5 \sqrt{5}}{4\ 2^{1/4}}-\epsilon_1 \beta_1\right)+ \cdots \\
\rho(t) &=& \frac{3}{40} e^{-2 t} \left(2 \epsilon_1^2-\sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right)+\cdots +\frac{1}{17920}e^{-4 t} \left(-67575-26880 \epsilon_4
+9000 t +\cdots \right) +\cdots \, .\nonumber \end{aligned}$$
where the dots refer to exponentially suppressed terms in the expansion in $e^{-t}$ or to terms at least quadratic in the parameters $(\epsilon_1,\epsilon_4,\beta_1)$. We also set two arbitrary constant terms appearing in the expansion of $u(t)$ and $v(t)$ to zero for notational simplicity; they can be restored by applying the transformations (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]). The constants $\epsilon_1$ and $\beta_1$ correspond to scalar modes of dimension $\Delta=1$ in the two different massless vector multiplets (cfr Table 7 of [@Cassani:2012pj]). The constant $\epsilon_4$ corresponds to a scalar mode with $\Delta=4$ belonging to the massive vector multiplet. A term $t e^{-4t}$ shows up at the same order as $\epsilon_4$ and it is required for consistency. Notice that, although $e_1=e_3$ both at the UV and IR, the mode $e_1-e_3$ must be turned on along the flow.
In the IR, $AdS_2\times S^2$ is an exact solution of the BPS system. The relation between the two radial coordinates is $r-r_0\sim e^{ a t }$ with $a= 8 \, 2^{1/4} /3^{1/4}$, where $r_0$ is the position of the horizon. By linearizing the BPS equations around $AdS_2\times S^2$ we find three normalizable modes with behavior $e^{a \Delta t}$ with $\Delta = 0$, $\Delta=1$ and $\Delta=1.37$. The IR expansion is obtained as a double series in $e^{a t}$ and $e^{1.37 a t}$ $$\begin{aligned}
\{u(t),v(t),e_1(t),e_3(t),b_1(t),\rho(t) \} =&& \hskip -0.6truecm \{ 1.49 + a \, t , 0.85 + a\, t , -0.49, -0.49, -1.88, -0.37 \} \nonumber \\
&& \hskip -0.8truecm +\{1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 \} c_1 + \{-1.42, -0.53, 0.76,
0.53, -0.09, 1\} \, c_2 \, e^{a t} \nonumber \\
&& \hskip -0.8truecm +\{0.11, 0.11, 0.07,
0.93, -0.54, 1\} \, c_3 \, e^{1.37 a t}\nonumber \\ && \hskip -0.8truecm +\sum_{p,q} {\vec d}^{p,q} c_2^p c_3^q e^{(p + 1.37 q) a t}\, ,
\end{aligned}$$ where the numbers ${\vec d}^{p,q}$ can be determined numerically at any given order. The two symmetries (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]) are manifest in this expression and correspond to combinations of a shift in $c_1$ and suitable rescalings of $c_2$ and $c_3$.
With a total number of six parameters for six equations we expect that the given IR and UV expansions can be matched at some point in the middle, since the equations are first order and the number of fields is equal to the number of parameters. There will be precisely one solution with the UV and IR asymptotics given above; the general solution will be obtained by applying the transformations (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]). We have numerically solved the system of BPS equation and tuned the parameters in order to find an interpolating solution. The result is shown in Figure \[fig:flowQ111\].\
![Plots of $u',v'$ and $\rho$ on the left and of $e_1,e_2$ and $b_1/2$ on the right corresponding to the IR parameters $c_1=-1.208,c_2=0.989,c_3=-0.974$ and the UV parameters $\beta_1=-2.08,\epsilon_1=-1.325, \epsilon_4=5$. []{data-label="fig:flowQ111"}](PlotQ1.pdf)
![Plots of $u',v'$ and $\rho$ on the left and of $e_1,e_2$ and $b_1/2$ on the right corresponding to the IR parameters $c_1=-1.208,c_2=0.989,c_3=-0.974$ and the UV parameters $\beta_1=-2.08,\epsilon_1=-1.325, \epsilon_4=5$. []{data-label="fig:flowQ111"}](PlotQ2.pdf)
\
We would like to stress that the asymptotic expansions of the solutions contain integer powers of $r$ (and logs) in the UV ($AdS_4$) and irrational powers depending on the charges in the IR ($AdS_2\times S^2$). This suggests that it would be hard to find analytic solutions of the system of BPS equations (\[pP1\]) - (\[psiEq\]) with running hypermultiplets. By contrast, the static $AdS_4$ black holes in theories without hypermultiplets [@Cacciatori:2009iz] depends only on rational functions of $r$ which made it possible to find an explicit analytic solution.
Black Hole solutions in $M^{111}$ {#numericalM110}
---------------------------------
Whenever we cannot enforce any symmetry on the flow, things are much harder. This is the case of the interpolating solutions for $M^{111}$ which we now discuss. The solution can be also embedded in the $Q^{111}$ model and it is a general prototype of the generic interpolating solution between $AdS_4$ and the horizons solutions discussed in Section \[sec:hyperhorizons\].\
Let us consider an interpolating solution corresponding to the horizon discussed in Section \[sec:M110Solutions\]. The conditions (\[simpcond\]) cannot be imposed along the flow. As a consequence, the phase of the spinor will run and a massive gauge field will be turned on. Moreover, the IR conditions $b_2=-2 b_1$ and $\tilde q_0=\tilde q_3=0, \tilde q_2=-\tilde q_1$ do not hold for finite $r$ and all gauge and vector scalar fields are turned on. The only simplification comes from the fact that on the locus (\[hyperlocus\]) the right hand side of Maxwell equations (\[Max1\]) is proportional to $k^a_\Lambda$. For $M^{111}$, $k^a_1=k^a_2$ and we still have two conserved electric charges $$( q_1 -q_2 )' =0\, , \qquad ( k^a_1 q_0 -k^a_0 q_1)' =0 \, .$$ In other words, two Maxwell equations can be reduced to first order constraints while the third remains second order. It is convenient to transform the latter equation into a pair of first order constraints. This can be done by introducing $q_0$ as a new independent field and by using one component of Maxwell equations and the definition (\[maginv\]) of $q_\Lambda$ as a set of four first order equations for ($\tilde q_0,\tilde q_1,\tilde q_2, q_0$). The set of BPS and Maxwell equations consists of twelve first order equations for twelve variables $$\{ U,V,v_1,v_2,b_1,b_2,\phi, \psi ,\tilde q_0,\tilde q_1,\tilde q_2, q_0 \} \, .$$
A major simplification arises if we integrate out the gauge fields using (\[qLr\]). The system collapses to a set of eight first order equations for eight unknowns. The resulting set of equations have singular denominators and it is convenient to keep the extra field $q_0$ and study a system of nine first order equations for $$\{ U,V,v_1,v_2,b_1,b_2,\phi, \psi , q_0 \} \, .$$ The final system has an integral of motion which would allow to eliminate algebraically $q_0$ in terms of the other fields.\
The system of BPS equations is too long to be reported here but it can be studied numerically and by power series near the UV and the IR. We will study the flow to the one-parameter family of horizon solutions with $v_1=v_2$ and $b_2=-2 b_1$. These horizons can be parametrized by the value of $v_1$ or, equivalently, by the magnetic charge $p^2$. We perform our numerical analysis for the model with e\^[-2]{} = , v\_1 = v\_2 = 2\^[1/4]{} , b\_1 = 2\^[1/4]{} and electric and magnetic charges p\^2=- 2 , q\_2= . We fixed $e_0=24 \sqrt{2}$. The values of the scalar fields at the $AdS_4$ point are given in (\[AdS4Sol\]). As in the previous section, it is also convenient to define a new radial coordinate by $dt= e^{-U} dr$ and to re-define some of the scalar fields and metric functions $$v_i(t) = v_i^{AdS} e^{e_i(t)}\, , \,\,\, \phi(t)=\phi_{AdS} -\frac12 \rho(t)\, , \,\,\, U(t) =u(t)+\log(R_{AdS})\, , \,\,\, V(t)=v(t) \, .$$
In absence of charges, the spectrum of the consistent truncation around the $AdS_4$ vacuum consists of one massless and one massive vector multiplet [@Cassani:2012pj] (see Table 1). By expanding the BPS equations for large $t$ we find that there exists a family of asymptotically (magnetic) $AdS$ solutions depending on three parameters corresponding to operators of dimension $\Delta=1$, $\Delta=4$ and $\Delta=5$. The asymptotic expansion of the solution is
$$\begin{aligned}
u(t) &=& t -\frac{1}{64} e^{-2 t} \left(-16+24 \epsilon_1^2+3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right)+\cdots \nonumber\\
v(t) &=& 2 t -\frac{3}{32} e^{-2 t} \left(8 \epsilon_1^2+\sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right)+\cdots \nonumber\\
e_1(t) &=& e^{-t} \epsilon_1-\frac{1}{80} e^{-2 t} \left(-60+16 \epsilon_1^2+3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots \non \\
&& -\frac{e^{-4 t} (1317+7168 \rho_4+864 t +\cdots )}{10752} +\cdots \nonumber\\
e_2(t) &=&
-2 e^{-t} \epsilon_1-\frac{1}{80} e^{-2 t} \left(120+136 \epsilon_1^2+3 \sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots \non \\
&&-\frac{e^{-4 t} (6297+3584 \rho_4+432 t+\cdots )}{5376} +\cdots \nonumber\\
b_1(t) &=& e^{-t} \beta_1-\frac{1}{4} e^{-2 t} \left(3\ 2^{1/4} \sqrt{3}+4 \epsilon_1 \beta_1\right)+\cdots +\frac{1}{12} e^{-5 t}( m_3 +\cdots ) +\cdots \nonumber\\
b_2(t) &=& -2 e^{-t} \beta_1+\frac{1}{2} e^{-2 t} \left(3\ 2^{1/4} \sqrt{3}+10 \epsilon_1 \beta_1 \right)+\cdots +\frac{1}{12} e^{-5 t}( m_3 +\cdots ) +\cdots \nonumber\\
\rho(t) &=&
\frac{3}{40} e^{-2 t} \left(8 \epsilon_1^2-\sqrt{2} \beta_1^2\right) +\cdots + \frac{1}{224} e^{-4 t} (224 \rho_4+27 t +\cdots) +\cdots \nonumber\\
\theta(t) &=&
-\frac{15}{64} \sqrt{3} e^{-2 t}+\frac{9}{40} e^{-3 t} \left(3 \sqrt{3} \epsilon_1+2^{3/4} \beta_1\right)+\cdots \nonumber\\
&+ &\!\!\!\!\! \frac{e^{-5 t} \! \left(12 \sqrt{3} \epsilon_1 (2529+3312 t)+2^{1/4} 7\left(160 \sqrt{2} m_3-9 \sqrt{2} \beta_1 (-157+264 t)\right) +\cdots \right)}{35840}+\cdots \nonumber\\
q_0(t) &=&
-\frac{15 \sqrt{3}}{8\ 2^{3/4}}+\frac{27}{5} e^{-t} \left(2^{1/4} \sqrt{3} \epsilon_1-\beta_1\right)+\cdots \non \\
&&+\frac{1}{140} e^{-3 t} \left(140 m_3+27 \left(92\ 2^{1/4} \sqrt{3} \epsilon_1-77 \beta_1\right) t\right)+\cdots \nonumber \end{aligned}$$
where the dots refer to exponentially suppressed terms in the expansion in $e^{-t}$ or to terms at least quadratic in the parameters $(\epsilon_1,\rho_4,\beta_1,m_3)$. As for the $Q^{111}$ black hole, we set two arbitrary constant terms in the expansion of $u(t)$ and $v(t)$ to zero for notational simplicity; they can be restored applying the transformations (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]). The parameters $\epsilon_1$ and $\beta_1$ are associated with two modes with $\Delta=1$ belonging to the massless vector multiplet, while the parameters $\rho_4$ and $m_3$ correspond to a scalar with $\Delta=4$ and a gauge mode with $\Delta=5$ in the massive vector multiplet (cfr Table 7 of [@Cassani:2012pj]).\
Around the $AdS_2\times S^2$ vacuum there are four normalizable modes with behavior $e^{a \Delta t}$ with $\Delta = 0$, $\Delta=1$, $\Delta=1.44$ and $\Delta=1.58$ where $a=4 \sqrt{2}$. At linear order the corresponding fluctuations are given by modes $(U,V,v_1,v_2,b_1,b_2,\phi, \psi , q_0 )$ proportional to $$\begin{aligned}
&& \{1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0\}
\nonumber \\
&&
\{-2.45, -0.97,
1.22,
0.31,
-0.09,
0.40,
0.82, \
-0.09,
1\}
\nonumber \\
&& \{0.05,
0.05,
0.30,
-0.39,
-0.17,
-0.64,
0.26,
-0.41,
1\}
\nonumber\\
&& \{-0.27,
-0.27,
-1.85,
2.62,
-4.81,
-2.22,
-1.23,
-3.22,
1\}
\end{aligned}$$ The mode with $\Delta=0$ is just a common shift in the metric functions corresponding to the symmetry (\[simm1\]). The other modes give rise to a triple expansion in powers \_[p,q,r]{} d\_[p,q,r]{} c\_1\^p c\_2\^q c\_3 \^r e\^[(p + 1.44 q + 1.58 r) a t]{}of all the fields.
We have a total number of eight parameters for nine equations which possess an algebraic integral of motion. We thus expect that the given IR and UV expansions can be matched at finite $t$. With some pain and using a precision much greater than the one given in the text above, we have numerically solved the system of BPS equation and found an interpolating solution. The result is shown in Figure \[fig:flowM110\].
![Plots of $u',v', (2 b_1+b_2)/3,\rho$ on the left and of $(b_2-b_1)/3, e_1,e_2,\pi-\psi$ on the right corresponding to the value $c_1=1.7086,c_2=-2.4245,c_3=0.6713,c_4=-3.7021$. The UV expansion will be matched up to the transformations (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]).[]{data-label="fig:flowM110"}](PlotM1.pdf)
![Plots of $u',v', (2 b_1+b_2)/3,\rho$ on the left and of $(b_2-b_1)/3, e_1,e_2,\pi-\psi$ on the right corresponding to the value $c_1=1.7086,c_2=-2.4245,c_3=0.6713,c_4=-3.7021$. The UV expansion will be matched up to the transformations (\[simm1\]) and (\[simm2\]).[]{data-label="fig:flowM110"}](PlotM2.pdf)
\
[**Acknowledgements**]{} A.Z. is supported in part by INFN, the MIUR-FIRB grant RBFR10QS5J “String Theory and Fundamental Interactions”, and by the MIUR-PRIN contract 2009-KHZKRX. We would like to thank I. Bah, G. Dall’Agata, J. Gauntlett, K. Hristov, D. Klemm, J. Simon and B. Wecht for useful discussions and comments. M. P. would like to thank the members of the Theory Group at Imperial College for their kind hospitality and support while this work was being completed.
Four Dimensional Gauged Supergravity {#gsugra}
====================================
In this Appendix, in order to fix notation and conventions, we recall few basic facts about $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity. We use the standard conventions of [@Andrianopoli:1996vr; @Andrianopoli:1996cm].
The fields of $\N=2$ supergravity are arranged into one graviton multiplet, $n_v$ vector multiplets and $n_h$ hypermultiplets. The graviton multiplet contains the metric, the graviphoton, $A_\mu^0 $ and an $SU(2)$ doublet of gravitinos of opposite chirality, ($ \psi_\mu^A, \psi_{\mu \, A} $), where $A=1,2$ is an $SU(2)$ index. The vector multiplets consist of a vector, $A^I_\mu,$, two spin 1/2 of opposite chirality, transforming as an $SU(2)$ doublet, ($\lambda^{i \,A}, \lambda^{\bar{i}}_A$), and one complex scalar $z^i$. $A=1,2$ is the $SU(2)$ index, while $I$ and $i$ run on the number of vector multiplets $I= 1, \dots, n_{\rm V}$, $i= 1, \dots, n_{\rm V}$. Finally the hypermultiplets contain two spin 1/2 fermions of opposite chirality, ($\zeta_\alpha, \zeta^\alpha$), and four real scalar fields, $q_u$, where $\alpha = 1, \dots 2 n_{\rm H}$ and $u = 1, \ldots, 4 n_{\rm H}$.
The scalars in the vector multiplets parametrise a special Kähler manifold of complex dimension $n_{\rm V}$, $\mathcal{M}_{\rm SK}$, with metric g\_[i |[j]{}]{} = - \_i \_[|[j]{}]{} K(z, |[z]{}) where $ K(z, \bar{z})$ is the Kähler potential on $\mathcal{M}_{\rm SK}$. This can be computed introducing homogeneous coordinates $X^\Lambda(z)$ and define a holomorphic prepotential $\mathcal{F}(X)$, which is a homogeneous function of degree two \[Kpotdef\] K(z |[z]{}) = - i (|[X]{}\^F\_- X\^|[F]{}\_) , where $F_\Lambda = \del_\Lambda F$. In the paper we will use both the holomorphic sections $(X^\Lambda, F_\Lambda)$ and the symplectic sections (L\^, M\_) = e\^[K/2]{} (X\^, F\_) .
The scalars in the hypermultiplets parametrise a quaternionic manifold of real dimension $4 n_{\rm H}$, $\mathcal{M}_{\rm Q}$, with metric $h_{uv}$.
The bosonic Lagrangian is \[boslag\] \_[bos]{} & =& - R + i ( |\_ \^[- ]{}\_[ ]{} \^[- ]{} - \_ \^[+ ]{}\_[ ]{} \^[+ ]{} )\
&& + g\_[i |[j]{}]{} \^z\^i \_|[z]{}\^[|[j]{}]{} + h\_[u v]{} \^q\^u \_q\^[v]{} - (z, |[z]{}, q) , where $\Lambda, \Sigma = 0, 1, \ldots, n_{\rm V}$. The gauge field strengths are defined as \^\_ = F\^\_\_F\^ , with $F^\Lambda_{\mu \nu} = \frac{1}{2} (\partial_\mu A^\Lambda_\nu - \partial_\nu A^\Lambda_\mu)$. In this notation, $A^0$ is the graviphoton and $A^\Lambda$, with $\Lambda = 1, \ldots, n_{\rm V}$, denote the vectors in the vector multiplets. The matrix $\cN_{\Lambda \Sigma}$ of the gauge kinetic term is a function of the vector multiplet scalars \[periodmat\] \_ = |\_ + 2 i
The covariant derivatives are defined as \[scalarder\] && \_z\^i = \_z\^i + k\^i\_[ ]{} A\^\_[ ]{} ,\
&& \_q\^u = \_q\^u + k\^u\_[ ]{} A\^\_[ ]{} , where $k^i_\Lambda$ and $k^u_\Lambda$ are the Killing vectors associated to the isometries of the vector and hypermultiplet scalar manifold that have been gauged. In this paper we will only gauge (electrically) abelian isometries of the hypermultiplet moduli space. The Killing vectors corresponding to quaternionic isometries have associated prepotentials: these are a set of real functions in the adoint of SU(2), satisfying \^x\_[uv]{}k\^u\_=-\_v P\^x\_ , where $\Om^x_{uv} = d \omega^x + 1/2 \epsilon^{x y z} \omega^y \wedge \omega^z$ and $\nabla_v$ are the curvature and covariant derivative on $\cM_{{\rm Q}}$. In the specific models we consider in the text, one can show that the Killing vectors preserve the connection $\omega^x$ and the curvature $\Omega^x_{uv}$. This allows to simplify the prepotential equations, which reduce to P\^x\_= k\^u\_\^x\_u .
Typically in models obtained from $M$/string theory compactifications, the scalar fields have both electric and magnetic charges under the gauge symmetries. However, by a symplectic transformation of the sections $(X^\Lambda, F_\Lambda)$, it is always possible to put the theory in a frame where all scalars are electrically charged. Such a transformation[^11] leaves the Kähler potential invariant, but changes the period matrix and the preprepotential $\mathcal{F}(X)$ .
The models we consider in this paper [@Cassani:2012pj] are of this type: they have a cubic prepotential and both electrical and magnetic gaugings of some isometries of the hypermultiplet moduli space. The idea is then to perform a sympletic rotation to a frame with purely electric gaungings, allowing for sections $(\tX^{\Lam},\widetilde{F}_{\Lam})$ which are a general symplectic rotation of those obtained from the cubic prepotential.
The scalar potential in couples the hyper and vector multiplets, and is given by (z, |[z]{}, q) = ( g\_[i |[j]{}]{} k\^i\_k\^[|j]{}\_ + 4 h\_[u v]{} k\^u\_k\^v\_) |[L]{}\^L\^+ ( f\_i\^g\^[i |[j]{}]{} f\^ \_[|j]{} - 3 |[L]{}\^L\^) P\^x\_P\^x\_ , where $L^\Lambda$ are the symplectic sections on $\mathcal{M}_{\rm SK}$, $f_i^\Lambda= (\partial_i + \frac{1}{2} \partial_i K) L^\Lambda$ and $P^x_\Lambda$ are the Killing prepotentials.
Maxwell’s equation is \[Maxwelleq\] \_ \_ F\^[ ]{} + \_ \^F\^\_= h\_[uv]{} k\^u\_\^q\^v where, for simplicity of notation, we have defined the following matrices \_ = [Re]{} \_ \_ = [Im]{} \_ .
The full Lagrangian is invariant under $\cN =2$ supersymmetry. In the electric frame, the variations of the fermionic fields are given by \[gravitinoeq\] \_[A]{}&=& \_\_A + i S\_[AB]{} \_\^B + 2i \_ L\^ \_\^[- ]{} \^\_[AB]{} \^B ,\
\[gauginoeq\] \^[iA]{}&=& i \_z\^i \^\^A -g\^[i]{} \^\_ \_ \^[- ]{}\_ \^\^[AB]{}\_B + W\^[i A B]{} \_B ,\
\[hyperinoeq\] \_&=& i \^[B]{}\_u\_q\^u \^\^A \_[AB]{}\_ + N\^[A]{}\_ \_A , where $ \cU^{B\beta}_u$ are the vielbeine on the quaternionic manifold and S\_[AB]{}&=& (\_x)\_A\^[C]{} \_[BC]{} P\^x\_L\^ ,\
W\^[iAB]{}&=&\^[AB]{}k\_\^i |L\^+ [i]{}(\_x)\_[C]{}\^[B]{} \^[CA]{} P\^x\_ g\^[ij\^]{} [|f]{}\_[j\^]{}\^ , \[pesamatrice\]\
[N]{}\^A\_&=& 2 [U]{}\_[u]{}\^A k\^u\_ |L\^ .
Notice that the covariant derivative on the spinors \_\_A = \_\_A + (\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} A\^\_ P\^x\_ \_B . contains a contribution from the gauge fields from the vector-$U(1)$ connection \_\_A = (D\_+ A\_)\_A +\^x\_(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{}\_B , \[DepsA\] the hyper-$SU(2)$ connection and the gaugings (see eqs. 4.13,7.57, 8.5 in [@Andrianopoli:1996cm]) && \_\^x= \_q\^u \^x\_u ,\
&& A\_= (K\_i \_z\^i -K\_ \_z\^ ) \[A1\] .
Derivation of the BPS Equations {#sec:BPSEqs}
===============================
In this section we consider an ansatz for the metric and the gauge fields that allows for black-holes with spherical or hyperbolic horizons, and we derive the general conditions for 1/4 BPS solutions. The metric and the gauge fields are taken to be \[ansApp\] ds\^2&=& e\^[2U]{} dt\^2- e\^[-2U]{} dr\^2- e\^[2(V-U)]{} (d\^2+F()\^2 d\^2)\
A\^&=& \^(r) dt- p\^(r) F’() d, where the warp factors $U$ and $V$ are functions of the radial coordinate $r$ and F()={ & S\^2 (=1)\
& \^2 (=-1) . The modifications needed for the flat case are discussed at the end of Section \[sec:BPSflow\].
We also assume that all scalars in the vector and hypermultiplets, as well as the Killing spinors $\epsilon_A$ are functions of the radial coordinate only.
To derive the BPS conditions it is useful to introduce the central charge &=&p\^M\_- q\_L\^\
&=& L\^\_ (e\^[2(V-U)]{} \^+ ip\^) , where $q_\Lam$ is defined in (\[maginv\]) and its covariant derivative D\_ =\^\_ \_ e\^[2(V-U)]{} ’\^ +ip\^ .
In the case of flat space we need to replace $\kappa p^\Lam \rightarrow - p^\Lam$ in the definition (\[maginv\]) of $q_\Lam$ and in the above expression for ${\cal Z}$.
Gravitino Variation
-------------------
With the ansatz , the gravitino variations become 0&=&\^[1]{}\_A + e\^[-U]{}\^P\^x\_ \^0(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} \_B +iS\_[AB]{}\^B - e\^[2 (U- V)]{} \_+ \_[AB]{} \^B \[gr1\] ,\
0&=&\^1\_1\_A +i S\_[AB]{}\^B - e\^[2 (U- V)]{} \_- \_[AB]{} \^B \[gr2\] ,\
0&=& (V’-U’)e\^U \^1\_A+ i S\_[AB]{}\^B + e\^[2 (U- V)]{} \_- \_[AB]{} \^B \[gr3\] ,\
0&=&e\^[U-V]{} \^2 \_A+(V’-U’)e\^U \^1 \_A - e\^[U-V]{} p\^P\^x\_ \^3(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} \_B +iS\_[AB]{}\^B\
&& + e\^[2 (U- V)]{} \_+ \_[AB]{} \^B \[gr4\] , where, to simplify notations, we introduced the quantity \_= \^[01]{} i \^[02]{} (F\^[-1]{} F\^ \_ L\^p’\^) .
Let us consider first . The term proportional to $F^\prime$ must be separately zero, since it is the only $\tha$-dependent one. This implies \[algc\] \_ L\^p’\^=0 .
Similarly, setting to zero the $\tha$-dependent terms in , which is the usual statement of [*setting the gauge connection equal to the spin connection*]{}, gives the projector \[proj1\] | | \_A = - p\^P\^x\_(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} \^[01]{} \_B . This constraint also holds in the case of flat horizon if we set $\kappa=0$. The $\tha$-independent parts of and are equal and give a second projector \[proj2\] S\_[AB]{}\^B = (V’-U’)e\^U \^1\_A - e\^[2 (U-V)]{} \^[01]{} \_[AB]{} \^B . Subtracting the $\tha$ independent parts of and gives a third projector \[proj3\] \_A= - e\^[U-2V]{} \_[AB]{}\^[0]{} \^B + e\^[-2U]{} \^P\^x\_ \^[01]{}(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} \_B .
Finally, subtracting and we obtain an equation for the radial dependence of the spinor \_1 \_A=\_A + e\^[-U]{}\^P\^x\_ \^[01]{}(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{} \_B. \[raddep\] In total we get three projectors, - , one differential relation on the spinor and one algebraic constraint . The idea is to further simply these equations so as to ensure that we end up with two projectors. From now on we will specify to the case of spherical or hyperbolic symmetry, since this is what we will use in the paper. In order to reduce the number of projectors we impose the constraint \^P\_\^x = c e\^[2U]{} p\^P\_\^x, x=1,2,3 \[pcq\] for some real function $c$. By squaring we obtain the algebraic condition (p\^P\_\^x)\^2= 1 which can be used to rewrite as \[ceq\] c= e\^[-2U]{}\^P\_\^x p\^P\_\^x.
Substituting in and using , we obtain the projector \[projNa\] \_A= - \_[A B]{} \^0 \^B which, squared, gives the norm of $\cZ$ ||\^2= e\^[4V - 2U]{}\[(2U’-V’)\^2 +c\^2\] . \[normZ\]
Then we can rewrite as \_A=ie\^[i ]{} \_[AB]{}\^[0]{} \^B \[proj4\] , where $e^{i \psi}$ is the relative phase between $\cZ$ and $2 U^\prime - V^\prime - i c$ \[phase\] e\^[i ]{} = - . Using the definition of $S_{AB}$ given in and the projectors and , we can reduce to a scalar equation i \^P\^x\_ p\^P\_\^x = e\^[2(U-V)]{} e\^[- i]{} -(V’-U’)e\^[U]{} , \[LPrel\] where we defined \^= e\^[- i]{}L\^=\_r+ i \_i. Combining and , we can also write two equations for the warp factors && e\^U U’= -i \^P\^x\_ p\^P\_\^x - e\^[2 (U- V)]{} e\^[-i ]{} + i c e\^[U]{} ,\
&& e\^U V’ = -2i \^P\^x\_ p\^P\_\^x + i c e\^[U]{} .
Using the projectors above, becomes \_r \_A=-A\_r\_A -\^x\_[r]{}(\^x)\_A\^[ B]{}\_B+\_A - \_A.
Gaugino Variation
-----------------
The gaugino variation is \[zdot1\] i e\^[U]{} z’\^i \^1 \^A +e\^[2 (U-V)]{} g\^[i |[j]{}]{} \^[AB]{}\_B + W\^[i A B]{} \_B = 0 . $\cM$ is the only $\tha$-dependent term and must be set to zero separately, giving \[Bpfbar\] \^\_ \_ p’\^= 0 .
Combining and , and using standard orthogonality relations between the sections $X^\Lambda$, we conclude that p’\^=0 .
Continuing with , we use again and to obtain \[gauge3\] e\^[-i ]{} e\^[U]{} z’\^i = e\^[2 (U-V)]{} g\^[i |[j]{}]{} D\_ - i g\^[i]{} [|f]{}\_\^ P\_\^xp\^P\_\^x .
Hyperino Variation
------------------
The hyperino variation gives i \_ \^[B]{}\_u e\^U \^1 q’\^u + \^k\^u\_ e\^[-U]{} \^0 -F\^[-1]{}F’ e\^[U-V]{} p\^k\^u\_\^3 \_[AB]{}\^A+ 2 [U]{}\_[u]{}\^A k\^u\_ \^ \_A = 0 . First off, we need to set the $\tha$-dependent part to zero k\_\^u p\^= 0 . \[kqzero1\] The projectors and can be used to simply the remaining equation - e\^[U]{} q’\^u \^[B]{}\_[ u]{} p\^P\^x\_(\^x)\_B\^C \_C + \^[A]{}\_[ u]{} ( 2 k\^u\_ \^ - e\^[-U]{} \^k\^u\_) \^A = 0 , which can then be reduced to a scalar equation \[hyper1\] -i h\_[uv]{} q’\^u +e\^[-2U]{}p\^P\^y\_\^\_v P\^y\_- 2e\^[-U]{} p\^P\^x\_\_v (\^ P\^x\_) = 0 . Using the standard relations (we use the conventions of [@Andrianopoli:1996vr]) -i\_[u]{}\^[xv]{} \_[v]{}\^[A]{}&=& \^[B]{}\_[u]{}(\^x)\_B\^[ A]{} ,\
\^x\_[uw]{} \^[yw]{}\_[ v]{}&=& -\^[xy]{}h\_[uv]{}-\^[xyz]{}\^z\_[uv]{} ,\
k\^u\_\^x\_[uv]{}&=&- \_v P\^x\_ , we can reduce to -i h\_[uv]{} q’\^u +e\^[-2U]{}p\^P\^y\_\^\_v P\^y\_- 2e\^[-U]{} p\^P\^x\_\_v (\^ P\^x\_) =0 . The real and imaginary parts give q’\^u &=&2e\^[-U]{} h\^[uv]{}\_v p\^P\^x\_\_i\^ P\^x\_ ,\
0&=& \^k\^u\_ - 2 e\^U \_r\^k\^u\_ .
Summary of BPS Flow Equations
-----------------------------
It is worthwhile at this point to summarize the BPS equations. The algebraic equations are p’\^&=& 0 \[BPS1\] ,\
( p\^P\_\^x)\^2&=&1 , \[BPS2\]\
k\_\^u p\^&=& 0 , \[BPS3\]\
\^P\^x\_&=& c e\^[2U]{} p\^P\^x\_ , \[BPS4\]\
\^k\^u\_ &=& 2 e\^U \_r\^k\^u\_ , \[BPS5\] while the differential equations are e\^U U’&=& -i \^P\^x\_ p\^P\_\^x + e\^[-i ]{} + i c e\^[U]{} ,\
e\^U V’ &=& -2i \^P\^x\_ p\^P\_\^x + i c e\^[U]{} ,\
e\^[-i ]{} e\^[U]{} z’\^i &=& \^i - i g\^[i]{} [|f]{}\_\^ P\_\^xp\^P\_\^x , \[gaugino\]\
q’\^u&=&2e\^[-U]{} h\^[uv]{}\_v p\^P\^x\_\_i\^ P\^x\_ .
In the case of flat horizon equation (\[BPS2\]) is replaced by $( p^\Lam P_\Lam^x)^2=0$.
Maxwell’s Equation
------------------
Maxwell’s equation is \_ \_ F\^[ ]{} + \_ \^F\^\_= h\_[uv]{} k\^u\_\^q\^v , which gives q’\_-e\^[2(V-U)]{} \_ ’\^+\_ p\^’= 2 e\^[2V-4U]{}h\_[uv]{} k\^u\_k\^v\_\^
In the case of flat horizon we need to replace $\kappa p^\Lam\rightarrow - p^\Lam$.
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D. Martelli and J. Sparks, “[AdS4/CFT3 duals from M2-branes at hypersurface singularities and their deformations]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**12**]{} (2009) 017, [[0909.2036]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/0909.2036). S. Franco, I. R. Klebanov, and D. Rodriguez-Gomez, “[M2-branes on Orbifolds of the Cone over Q\*\*1,1,1]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**0908**]{} (2009) 033, [[0903.3231]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/0903.3231). F. Benini, C. Closset, and S. Cremonesi, “[Chiral flavors and M2-branes at toric CY4 singularities]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**1002**]{} (2010) 036, [[0911.4127]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/0911.4127). K. Hristov, A. Tomasiello, and A. Zaffaroni, “[Supersymmetry on Three-dimensional Lorentzian Curved Spaces and Black Hole Holography]{},” [[1302.5228]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1302.5228). L. Andrianopoli [*et al.*]{}, “[General Matter Coupled N=2 Supergravity]{},” [*Nucl. Phys.*]{} [**B476**]{} (1996) 397–417, [[hep-th/9603004]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-th/9603004). L. Andrianopoli [*et al.*]{}, “[N = 2 supergravity and N = 2 super Yang-Mills theory on general scalar manifolds: Symplectic covariance, gaugings and the momentum map]{},” [*J. Geom. Phys.*]{} [**23**]{} (1997) 111–189, [[hep-th/9605032]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-th/9605032). B. de Wit, H. Samtleben, and M. Trigiante, “[Magnetic charges in local field theory]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**09**]{} (2005) 016, [[hep-th/0507289]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-th/0507289). S. Ferrara and S. Sabharwal, “Quaternionic manifolds for type ii superstring vacua of calabi-yau spaces,” [*Nucl. Phys.*]{} [**B332**]{} (1990) 317. K. Hristov, C. Toldo, and S. Vandoren, “[On BPS bounds in D=4 N=2 gauged supergravity]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**1112**]{} (2011) 014, [[1110.2688]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1110.2688). B. de Wit, H. Nicolai, and N. P. Warner, “[The Embedding Of Gauged N=8 Supergravity Into d = 11 Supergravity]{},” [*Nucl. Phys.*]{} [**B255**]{} (1985) 29. H. Nicolai and K. Pilch, “[Consistent Truncation of d = 11 Supergravity on AdS$_4 \times S^7$]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**1203**]{} (2012) 099, [[1112.6131]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1112.6131). F. Benini and N. Bobev, “[Two-dimensional SCFTs from wrapped branes and c-extremization]{},” [[1302.4451]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1302.4451). P. Szepietowski, “[Comments on a-maximization from gauged supergravity]{},” [*JHEP*]{} [**1212**]{} (2012) 018, [[1209.3025]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1209.3025).
P. Karndumri and E. O Colgain, “[Supergravity dual of c-extremization]{},” [*Phys. Rev.*]{} [**D 87**]{} (2013) 101902, [[1302.6532]{}](http://arXiv.org/abs/1302.6532).
N. Halmagyi, M. Petrini, and A. Zaffaroni, “[work in progress]{},”.
[^1]: To be precise, the black holes we are discussing will asymptotically approach $AdS_4$ in the UV but will differ by non-normalizable terms corresponding to some magnetic charge. We will nevertheless refer to them as asymptotically $AdS_4$ black holes.
[^2]: Other M-theory reductions have been studied in [@Donos:2010ax; @Cassani:2011fu] and similar reductions have been performed in type IIA/IIB, see for example [@Kashani-Poor:2006si; @KashaniPoor:2007tr; @Gauntlett:2010vu; @Skenderis:2010vz; @Cassani:2010uw; @Liu:2010pq; @Bena:2010pr; @Cassani:2010na]
[^3]: For a discussion of these compactifications from the point of view of holography and recent results in identifying the dual field theories see[@Fabbri:1999hw; @Jafferis:2008qz; @Hanany:2008cd; @Martelli:2008rt; @Hanany:2008fj; @Martelli:2009ga; @Franco:2009sp; @Benini:2009qs].
[^4]: For a recent discussion from the point of view of holography see [@Hristov:2013spa].
[^5]: For the models studied in this paper, this also implies $\omhat_\mu^x=0$ in
[^6]: This is always possible when the gauging is abelian [@deWit:2005ub].
[^7]: We slightly abuse notation by often refering to the components of $z^i$ as $(v_i,b_i)$. This is not meant to imply that the metric has been used to lower the index.
[^8]: One can also identify holographically the exact R-symmetry [@Szepietowski:2012tb; @Karndumri:2013iqa].
[^9]: There is a factor of $\sqrt{2}$ between $A^\Lam$ here and in [@Cassani:2012pj], see footnote 10 of that paper.
[^10]: For example $\sig(v_1^2b_2)=v_1^2b_2+v_2^2b_1+v_3^2b_2+v_1^2b_3+v_2^2b_3+v_3^2b_1$ and $\sig(v_1v_2)=2(v_1v_2+v_2v_3+v_1v_3)$
[^11]: An $Sp( 2 + 2 n_{\rm V}, \mathbb{R})$ transformation of the sections (X\^, F\_) (\^, \_) = A& B\
C & D (X\^, F\_) , acts on the period matrix $\cN_{\Lambda \Sigma}$ by a fractional transformation \_ (X, F) \_ (, ) = ( C + D \_ (X, F)) (A + B \_ (X, F))\^[-1]{} .
| {
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Ask HN: anybody bought droid? what has been your experience? - vijayr
Anybody bought droid? how is it compared to iPhone?
======
JshWright
Picked one up yesterday.
Has a nice heft to it, it's very snappy, and the screen is _beautiful_.
The turn-by-turn works well, and the voice recognition is _phenomenal_.
Oh, and the camera sucks (in bright light it's not bad, but in low light, it's
unusable).
~~~
scythe
Do you think the problems with the camera are with the hardware or the
software? On a related note, is there an SDK?
~~~
michaelcampbell
Rumors are that it's software. Unconfirmed and I have no cite, but I've read
already that some aspect of the autofocus has already been fixed, but hasn't
yet been pushed out.
FWIW, I find the camera ok; I haven't had too much autofocus issues, and it's
worked ok in low light for me. Not great, but I have a 'real' camera for
'real' photos. Phone shots are spur of the moment things for me.
------
ShabbyDoo
I looked at one today. My biggest concern is the 5GB transfer limit. Worse
than that, it's not a limit! Each additional GB is $50. The sales guy at the
Verizon store tried to tell me that the limit was for tethering only, but I
don't think he was correct. Does any have a definitive answer?
~~~
teuobk
I think it really is unlimited.
For my Droid, I have the "email and web for smartphone" plan ($30). I also
have a separate wireless broadband card and plan ($60). When I look at my
account on Verizon's web site, I see a data cap of "5GB" for my broadband card
and a data cap of "unlimited" for my Droid.
~~~
calvin
Verizon stopped using the term "Unlimited" on any of their plans after they
lost some lawsuits. Look closer at the small print and there is always a limit
stated.
------
BrianHV
I haven't used the iPhone much so I can't give a good comparison to that. I
came from a Treo, and have been a Palm user for about 10 years.
I knew when I bought the Droid that there would be things I'd be missing that
I took for granted on Palm. I was right. There are configuration options that
seem to be missing completely, like the ability to order contacts by last
name. I was also surprised that using an unlock pattern disabled the mute
toggle on the lock screen.
I also miss synchronization with my Mac. I think The Missing Sync should work
on it soon, but the current prerelease does not.
I agree with ckinnan that the keypad is awkward, and unlike him I have small
hands. I've been using the virtual keyboard and it's been working all right.
The email application does what I need it to, although you need to be able to
connect to an smtp server to set it up. I use an ssh tunnel to my smtp server,
so that was a problem for a bit; fortunately, ConnectBot let me set up an ssh
tunnel very easily.
The browser has been fine for me; much better than the Palm's.
On the whole, I think it's going to be a good device. I'm looking forward to
getting the SDK so I can scratch some of my itches.
~~~
vijayr
Personally, camera isn't that much of an issue. My guess is that
synchronization and configuration problems should be fixed, sooner or later.
Keyboard is definitely an prob, I like the physical keyboard.
------
JangoSteve
I picked mine up Friday, and I have to say it is amazing. The physical
keyboard takes a bit of getting used to (the trick is to use the flat part of
the tip of your thumbs and to be confident). The navigation feature of Google
maps is also very useful. When you get close to your destination, it
automatically jumps into street view facing the side of the road corresponding
to your destination address.
For another $3/mo, you get visual voicemail which is a nice first for Verizon.
I've been using a Blackberry Pearl and iPod Touch for the past couple years as
my mobile solution and was happy overall, but this is much better.
Sure, maybe the iPhone is a bit better due to its app selection, but that
doesn't even come close to the benefits of Verizon's network in my situation.
Bottom line: if you're on Verizon and looking for a better phone, get it. If
you're simply deciding between an iPhone and a Droid, the hardware/software of
the two are close enough that you can look at other factors (like network
coverage) to make your decision.
------
ckinnan
I checked it out today, I was disappointed with the keypad, which is important
to me as I have big hands. The Droid keys don't have much separation and
aren't raised like Blackberry's.
If you buy it online the $100 rebate is instant and you can score another $50
off if you are a new Verizon customer or if you're existing and are out of
contract.
------
dfischer
Take a look at this unless you already did:
<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=927927>
------
talleyrand
Yes, I was very pleasantly surprised after all the nit-picky and sometimes
outright wrong reviews I read (there's nothing wrong with the camera!). I'm
very pleased with the Droid. Keep in mind however, I've been dealing with the
Fuze (Touch Diamond - WinMo) on AT&T for the last year, so I haven't really
had any smartphone service at all.....
~~~
asnyder
I felt the same way with my Fuze, but then I upgraded it to Win Mobile 6.5
using XDA's EnergyROM and I must say, it's a completely different experience.
My Fuze actually functions as a decent smartphone now. Apps, interface,
experience, etc.
------
oomkiller
I have never used an iPhone, but used them extensively. I got my Droid today,
and I love it. I came from a long line of Blackberries. The Droid is SOO much
faster, and the voice search/navigation is really amazing. The Market has some
pretty cool apps on it too, not as many as the iPhone, but plenty.
| {
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Related Events
Using existing packaging for a new product concept may lower your costs. But it can erode brand equity and confuse consumers.
By Robert McMath
Brand extensions. Line extensions. Product-line extensions. Call them what you will, they have been exploding on store shelves.
Line extensions are very popular among marketers today. Why? It's cheaper to introduce an extension than to establish a new brand.
An extension can expand the brand's franchise. Also, it's a way to determine, quickly and cheaply, if a fad is going to be a trend or just a fad. Finally, an extension is a way to control shelf space. If you occupy the space, your competition can't.
Consumers accept extensions more readily now than in the past. Barraged and besieged by new flavors, improved formulas and handier sizes, they're open to trying new things. And brands that once stood for one thing or one big idea, now stand for many ideas.
But too many companies make the mistake of rolling out an entirely new product concept using its existing packaging.
Gerber made this mistake. It used its traditional baby food jars to introduce a new line of adult food called "Singles."
At the time, Gerber thought an opportunity existed for single-serving foods in small containers that students could keep without refrigeration and eat as midnight snacks. Or which single people, especially seniors, could prepare in small quantities and eat easily.
But the use of the small jars gave consumers the perception that Gerber, with its motto "Babies are our only business," was trying to sell baby food to adults.
Faux salad dressing
Unfortunately Lipton made the same error when it introduced a liquid seasoning for potatoes in its salad dressing bottle. That was during the time when there was great interest in cutting down on fats in preparing fried foods.
The first time I bought the seasoning product, the grocery clerk at the checkout commented, "Oh, Lipton has a new dressing for preparing potato salad."
But it wasn't a bottle of dressing for making cold or hot potato salad. It was for making a lower-calorie, lower-fat potato that tasted like it was fried.
Putting this new potato-seasoning concept in a bottle associated with salad dressings caused confusion. Consumers did not perceive it as a new method for potato preparation but rather an extension into salad dressings for potatoes.
Once you confuse or disappoint your consumers with your new product extension, you stand a great chance of failure. And that can reflect poorly on your base brand image.
You can use your existing packaging to introduce a new flavor or other subtle change to your product line.
But don't jump on a trend with a brand extension that uses your existing packaging materials and production lines just because it minimizes your costs. This can harm both the new product concept and the brand equity that you've spent years nurturing. BP
The author, Robert McMath, has been a marketing consultant for more than 30 years. Through his NewProductWorks, he has advised major companies. He is the author of What Were They Thinking, a book chronicling the whys of product successes and failures. Contact him at 607.582.6125 or rmcmath@cs.com. Visit the Internet site: www.NewProductWorks.com
Did you enjoy this article? Click hereto subscribe to BRAND PACKAGING Magazine.
Packaging Matters™ is MWV’s annual study of the role of packaging in product satisfaction. We study packaging because it matters to brand owners, retailers and consumers around the world. This year’s research focuses on Brazil, China, France, Germany and the U.S. In the third year of the study, we will share global trends associated with packaging satisfaction, product safety, and the effect packaging has on consumers when shopping in-store and online. | {
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Manhasset, New York
Manhasset is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 8,080. As with other unincorporated communities in New York, its local affairs are administered by the town in which it is located, the Town of North Hempstead, New York, whose town hall is in Manhasset, making the hamlet the town seat.
Manhasset is a Native American term that translates to "the island neighborhood". In 2005, a Wall Street Journal article ranked Manhasset as the best town for raising a family in the New York metropolitan area. The Manhasset area, settled by 1680, grew quickly after it began being served by the Long Island Rail Road in 1898. The LIRR provides access to New York City via the Manhasset station with an approximately 40 minute commute to Penn Station. Express trains, which run during rush hour, make the trip in less than 30 minutes. The hamlet of Manhasset is located 19.5 miles (29.2 km) away from midtown Manhattan.
History
The Matinecock had a village on Manhasset Bay. These Native Americans called the area Sint Sink, meaning "place of small stones." They made wampum from oyster shells. In 1623, the area was claimed by the Dutch West India Company and they began forcing English settlers to leave in 1640. A 1643 land purchase made it possible for English settlers to return to Cow Neck (the peninsula where present-day Port Washington, Manhasset and surrounding villages are located.).
Manhasset Bay was previously known as Schout's Bay (a schout being roughly the Dutch equivalent of a sheriff), Martin Garretson's Bay (Martin Garretson was the Schout at one point), and later Cow Bay or Cow Harbor. Cow Neck was so called because it offered good grazing land. By 1659, there were over 300 cows and 5 mi (8 km) fence separating Cow Neck from the areas south of it. The settlers came to an agreement that each of them could have one cow on the neck for each section of fence the individual had constructed. The area was more formally divided among the settlers when the fence was removed in 1677. Manhasset took on the name Little Cow Neck, Port Washington was known as Upper Cow Neck.
During the American Revolution, Little Cow Neck suffered at the hands of the British. Many structures and properties, such as the 1719 Quaker Meeting House were burned, seized or damaged. The Town of North Hempstead separated from the Town of Hempstead in 1784 because the South, inhabited mainly by Church of England people, was loyal to the king. The Northern communities and villages, dominated by Yankee Congregationalists supported independence.
In 1801 it cost 2 cents to travel between Roslyn and Spinney Hill on North Hempstead Turnpike, the newly opened toll road (now Northern Boulevard).
The Manhasset name was adopted in 1840 and comes from the native word "Manhansett", meaning "island neighborhood." Dairy farming was still a major endeavor but the oyster industry was also on the rise. In 1898, the Long Island Railroad arrived, bringing with it wealthy New Yorkers looking for country homes with easy transportation to more urban areas of New York City. Manhasset Valley and Spinney Hill attracted a number of skilled workers and immigrant families.
The North Hempstead Town Hall opened in Manhasset on Plandome Road in 1907. Town councilmen had previously been meeting in Roslyn taverns after North Hempstead split away from Hempstead in 1775.
The Manhasset Valley School, originally built to serve the children of the help on the local Gold Coast Estates, eventually came to serve Manhasset's African American community, and was closed in the 1960s by a desegregation lawsuit. It is still standing and is currently used as a community center. The centrally located but antiquated Plandome Road School was demolished in the early 1970s, having been replaced by the new Shelter Rock School by 1969. Currently, Mary Jane Davies Park sits on the site of the old school.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (1.24%) is water.
In addition to the unincorporated areas of Manhasset proper—North and South Strathmore, Strathmore Village, Strathmore Vanderbilt, Shorehaven, Terrace Manor, and Norgate—
those with a Manhasset address also include three incorporated villages: Munsey Park, Plandome, and Plandome Heights; and parts of three others: Flower Hill, Plandome Manor, and North Hills.
The Plandomes
The three Plandomes—Plandome, Plandome Manor and Plandome Heights—are in the north. Incorporated in 1911, the Village of Plandome has frontage on Manhasset Bay, a village center with a village green, and the wooded hills area. Its c.1912 Village Hall, a local landmark at the Green, once served as an elementary school. Its own LIRR Station is no more than a mile away from each home in the village. Plandome Manor, incorporated in 1931, is a section of Manhasset with waterfront properties and parking at the railroad station. Plandome Heights, incorporated in 1929, has a history of Spanish architectural styles of white stucco exteriors and red-tile roofs, bordering downtown (unincorporated) Manhasset.
Munsey Park
In 1922, Louis Sherry, the wealthy confectioner, sold his estate and mansion to newspaper publisher Frank A. Munsey. Over time, Munsey amassed which included all of the present day Munsey Park. Munsey had no heirs, no family and his entire estate and assets were left to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. One portion of the Munsey lands—the Strathmore area and the chateau—was sold to Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt. The north were shaped into a model restricted community to reflect the generosity of Frank Munsey. The Metropolitan Museum developed a model community with all the homes built as authentic American colonial reproductions and the streets named for American artists.
The Strathmores and Vanderbilts
After a decade of providing a gracious setting for lawn parties and social festivities, the Vanderbilt family sold the 100 acre property to architect William Levitt who developed the Strathmore Vanderbilt community centered around the presence of the French Chateau at the end of the long and winding tree-lined drive. Strathmore Vanderbilt is located south of Quaker Ridge Rd. and to the west of Chapel Rd. Those living in Strathmore Vanderbilt receive deeded membership shares to the Strathmore Vanderbilt Country Club. East of Mill Spring Rd, the residents of Strathmore Village do not receive deeded shares. South Strathmore is the area in front of Strathmore Vanderbilt and Strathmore Village. It runs from Northern Blvd. back to Quaker Ridge Rd. and Hilltop Dr. North Strathmore is between Northern Blvd. and Munsey Park, north of the early 21st century library, and runs east.
North Hills
Once owned by John Hay Whitney, publisher of the New York Herald Tribune and Ambassador to England, the Whitney estate, known as Greentree, encompasses almost a quarter of the lands in Manhasset.
Shelter Rock is an 1800-ton granite boulder, the largest known on Long Island, deposited by a glacier more than 11,000 years ago near what is now Shelter Rock Road, in the Village of North Hills. The Matinecock Indians used its 30-foot overhang for shelter in their village on the site. Many legends woven by both Indians and colonists who arrived in the 1600s are still told. By the 1900s a dozen families owned huge estates, including business magnate Nicholas Frederic Brady, who built Inisfada, once one of the largest houses in the country. In the past few decades, the area developed into several private gated communities surrounding Deepdale Golf Club, founded by William K. Vanderbilt II in 1924, using part of his Deepdale summer estate at Lake Success.
Flower Hill
The name of Flower Hill can be traced to the early 18th century when the village consisted of several residences and other buildings located where today Port Washington Boulevard, Bonnie Heights Road and Country Club Drive intersect. This was a village that served farmers whose land was located along Port Washington Boulevard and extended down to Hempstead Harbor. Three of the original farmhouses in Flower Hill are still in existence: The Willets House, on the west side of Port Washington Boulevard, home of the Cow Neck Historical Society, The Williams House, also on the west side of Port Washington Boulevard and the Hewlett Homestead on the east side. Proximity to the water was important because those farms shipped vegetables, grain and fruits to New York City from docks in Roslyn or Manhasset Bay. In the spring many flowering cherry trees line the road to the farms with fields and meadows always filled with wild violets and other wildflowers. There are even some apple trees still standing that date to the days when Flower Hill farms sold the produce from their apple, pear and peach orchards. Sunset Hill, the historic estate of Albert and Alice Grace D'Oench and the Mason estate, both demolished, were also in Flower Hill, closer to the railroad line.
Greentree
Approximately a quarter of Manhasset lands still belong to the private Greentree Whitney estate. The family mansion and surrounding lands are among the few remaining largely intact Long Island "Gold Coast" estates. The Greentree Foundation occupies the property as a conference center dedicated to international justice and human rights issues.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,362 people, 2,831 households, and 2,185 families residing in the census-designated place (CDP). The population density was 3,505.8 per square mile (1,350.9/km²). There were 2,917 housing units at an average density of 1,223.0/sq mi (471.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.1% White, 2.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.5% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.5% of the population.
There were 2,831 households out of which 66.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 6.81 and the average family size was 5.73.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.
According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for a household in the CDP was $105,938, and the median income for a family was $130,909. The per capita income in the CDP was $51,698. 5.7% of the population and 3.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.4% are under the age of 18 and 6.9% are 65 or older.
Economy
Manhasset is well known for its high-end premium open-air shopping center, the Americana Manhasset. The center is situated along Northern Boulevard's "Miracle Mile" which is referred to in Billy Joel's 1980 hit "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me". The Americana first opened in 1956 as a simple community-style shopping mall; however, in the early 2000s gradually it catered to luxury goods boutiques such as Ralph Lauren, Brooks Brothers, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Theory, Louis Vuitton, Hermès, and Burberry, among others. In addition, a short distance away from the Miracle Mile is Lord & Taylor, which was that brand's first branch store in America. In addition to Lord & Taylor, Manhasset has supported branches of some of the most well known stores in New York over the years—B. Altman and Company, Bonwit Teller, Abraham & Straus, Best & Co., Arnold Constable, Franklin Simon & Co., Peck & Peck, W. & J. Sloane, J.J. Newberry and Waldbaum's.
The old commercial center of Manhasset is situated around the railroad station on Plandome Road, where the LIRR connects directly into Manhattan for a 37-minute commute. The area has bakeries, pizzerias, delis, bars, coffee shops, and a movie theater. Centralized in town is a small park and a gazebo. The public library is located 1 block east of Plandome
Road on the corner of Onderdonk Ave. and Northern Boulevard, next door to the historic Quaker Meeting House.
The North American headquarters of Sabena were located in a office building in Manhasset. In April 2002 Knightsbridge Properties Corp. bought the building for $4.9 million. Due to the bankruptcies of Sabena and Swissair, the real estate deal took over a year to finish. During that month the building was 30% occupied. Sabena was scheduled to move out of the building on May 10, 2002. The buyer planned to spend an additional $2 million to convert the building into a multi-tenant, Class A office and medical facility.
Sports
Manhasset High School
See Manhasset High School#Sports
St. Mary's
See St. Mary's High School (Manhasset, New York)
Education
Manhasset High School (public)
Manhasset Middle School (public)
Shelter Rock Elementary School (public)
Munsey Park Elementary School (public)
St Mary's Elementary School (private)
St Mary's High School (private)
Our Lady of Grace Montessori School (private)
The Manhasset School District covers not only the unincorporated areas discussed in the census reports, but several incorporated villages including Plandome, Plandome Manor, Munsey Park and part of Flower Hill. Manhasset High School is rated among the top in the country. In the 2010 Newsweek magazine's annual list of the top American high schools, Manhasset is ranked 87th nationally out of the 1,700 schools evaluated.
Manhasset has a locally operated School Community Association (SCA) instead of electing to be a local chapter of the Parent Teacher Association. The SCA, which boasts great support within the community, annually hosts the SCA fair at Munsey Park School to raise money. Membership dues and profits from fund-raising efforts benefit the schools in Manhasset; no percentage of funds goes to a state or national offices of a larger organization, thus all monies raised benefit the Manhasset schools directly.
Notable people
Danny Barnes (born 1989), Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher.
Bruce R. Bent, co-creator of the money market fund
Ted Bessell (1935-1996), television actor and director, That Girl.
Billy Bitter (born 1988), professional lacrosse player for the Charlotte Hounds of Major League Lacrosse.
Mike Breen (born 1961), NBA play-by-play commentator
Jim Brown (born 1936), Hall of Fame football player and actor
Craig Cohn (born 1983), professional wrestler better known as Craig Classic.
Billy Crudup (born 1968), actor, in movies such as Big Fish and Almost Famous
Carson Daly (born 1973), TV personality, host of The Voice, Last Call with Carson Daly and New Year's Eve with Carson Daly.
R.A. Dickey (born 1974), MLB pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays, formerly with the New York Mets.
Mike Dunlap (born 1957), former head coach of Charlotte Bobcats NBA team.
Don Dunphy (1908–1998), television and radio sports announcer specializing in boxing.
Melissa Errico, former ingenue in Broadway musicals/performer; married to Patrick McEnroe.
Boomer Esiason (born 1961), former professional football player, sports radio talk show host of WFAN's Boomer and Carton, television commentator.
Manoug Exerjian (1888–1974), Armenian-American architect in New York
Jinx Falkenburg (1919–2003), model and radio personality with husband Tex McCrary.
Peter T. Farrell (c. 1901–1992), judge who presided over the trial of bank robber Willie Sutton.
Mike Francesa (born 1954), sports radio talk show host of WFAN's Mike's On: Francesa on the FAN.
John A. Gambling, radio personality
Ray Goulding (1922–1990), radio personality, comedian, partner of Bob Elliott of "Bob and Ray" fame.
J. Peter Grace (1913–1995), former CEO of W.R. Grace and Company.
Al Groh (born 1944), former head coach of New York Jets and the University of Virginia.
Leroy Grumman (1895–1982), founder of Grumman Aircraft.
Ken Howard (1944–2016), actor, best known for the TV series The White Shadow.
Chris Jericho (born 1970), AEW and WWE professional wrestler, lead vocalist of Fozzy.
Alex Katz (born 1994), baseball pitcher
Stephen A. Lesser (born 1944), architect, designer of Faneuil Hall Marketplace in Boston.
Jackie MacMullan (born 1960), sportswriter.
Jason Marquis (born 1978)], major league baseball All Star pitcher.
Leonard Marsh, co-founder of Snapple.
Jim McCann, founder and CEO of 1-800-Flowers.
Patrick McEnroe (born 1966), tennis player, US Davis Cup captain, TV sportscaster
J. R. Moehringer, Pulitzer Prize-winning author
George Nozuka, R&B/pop singer
Bill O'Reilly, television commentator and author
Joan Whitney Payson (1903–75), heiress, businesswoman, philanthropist, patron of the arts and art collector, member of the prominent Whitney family; owner of the New York Mets.
Lynn Petronella, Olympic marathon pioneer, boycotted for being a female distance runner in 1980, made Olympic history by coaching Joan Benoit to get the women's marathon included in the Olympics
Beulah Poynter (1883-1960), actress and writer, Manhasset resident
Summer Rae (born 1983), professional wrestler, actress and former American football player
José Reyes, professional baseball player for the New York Mets
Anthony Scaramucci (born 1964), 10-day White House Communications Director and founder of SkyBridge Capital
Elie Siegmeister, composer, educator and author
Arthur Treacher (1894–1975), actor
John Hay "Jock" Whitney (1904–82), Venture Capitalist, Publisher, Ambassador
Payne Whitney (1876–1927), Industrialist, Philanthropist
Chris Mullin (1963-2019), Retired professional American basketball player
In popular culture
Movies
Miracle on 34th Street (1947): In the film, Fred Gailey tells Mr. Kringle that he would like to buy a colonial home in Manhasset.
"This Is Where I Leave You" (2014): The movie was filmed in Manhasset on a cul-de-sac. The cast includes Jason Bateman and Tina Fey.
"Love Ludlow" (2005) The Sundance hit was shot mostly in and around Manhasset. Myra and Ludlow's entire Queen's railroad apartment was a set built in the basement of Christ's Church in Manhasset.
Boiler Room (2000): Portions of the driving scenes feature noticeable areas of Manhasset
The Good Shepherd (2006): Portions of the movie were filmed in Manhasset.
The Wolf of Wall Street (2013): Shots of the ZDC building can be seen in the film.
This Is Where I Leave You (2014): Scenes filmed in Munsey Park at a house on the corner of Burnham Place and Park Avenue.
Television
Saturday Night Live (1980): A short film called Manhasset was presented. It was a parody of Woody Allen's Manhattan, with sweeping shots of the Miracle Mile instead of the Manhattan skyline.
Will & Grace: Karen states in one episode that she would like to use her helicopter to fly to Fortunoff's in Manhasset. However, in real life, there is no Fortunoff in Manhasset.
Everybody Loves Raymond (1996): Uncle Gus owned Carpet World in Manhasset open 10-6 Sundays.
Jim Brown: All-American (2002): Portions of the Spike Lee's HBO documentary were filmed in Manhasset.
Made (2003): Scenes from MTV's TV series Made were filmed in Manhasset.
The Good Wife (2009): Portions of this show were filmed in Manhasset.
Revenge (2012): Emily Thorne visits a fictional "New Mercy Hospital" in Manhasset.
The Blacklist (2013): Scenes filmed at Onderdonk Avenue and George Street, just off Plandome Road.
Literature
The Great Gatsby (1925): The eastern shore of Manhasset Bay was F. Scott Fitzgerald's inspiration for "East Egg".
The Tender Bar (2005): Coming of age memoir by J.R. Moehringer that takes place in Manhasset. The bar featured in classic novel, The Tender Bar called Publicans, reopened in Manhasset on Plandome Road in 2017
Music
The Manhasett Quartet was the first vocal group to record commercially under its own name, from about 1892.
International relations
Manhasset negotiations (2007–2008): The Manhasset negotiations (also known as Manhasset I, II, III and IV) were a series of talks that took place in four rounds in 2007-2008 at Manhasset, New York between the Moroccan government and the representatives of the Saharawi liberation movement, the Polisario Front to resolve the Western Sahara conflict.
Greentree Accord (2006): Otherwise known as the Bakassi Accord, it was an agreement between Nigeria and Cameroon on the issue of the Bakassi peninsula. Presidents Olusegun Obasanjo and Paul Biya signed what is now being called the Greentree Accord, in regard to the location of the meeting in Manhasset.
References
External links
Manhasset Chamber of Commerce
Manhasset Community Website
Manhasset-Lakeville Volunteer Fire Department
Manhasset Public Library
A detailed history of the town
Category:Census-designated places in New York (state)
Category:Hamlets in New York (state)
Category:Census-designated places in Nassau County, New York
Category:Hamlets in Nassau County, New York
Category:Populated coastal places in New York (state) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
// re2c $INPUT -o $OUTPUT -i --input custom
// overlapping trailing contexts of variable length:
// we need multiple tags and we cannot deduplicate them
/*!re2c
"ab" / "c"{2,} { 0 }
"a" / "b"* { 1 }
* { d }
*/
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
Sidekiq WARN: uninitialized constant ViewDBWorker Rails 4
I'm using Rails 4.1.5 and Sidekiq 3.3.0. I have set the recurrence of this worker to execute after every one minute. It works fine on local but throwing an error on production and staging environments. Although the worker is doing its job and saving records only throwing errors after one minute.
2016-01-21T10:50:00.594Z 5173 TID-osv5dzz5o WARN: uninitialized constant ViewDBWorker
app/workers/view_db_worker.rb:
class ViewDBWorker
include Sidekiq::Worker
include Sidetiq::Schedulable
recurrence { hourly.minute_of_hour((0..59).to_a) } if Rails.env.staging? || Rails.env.production?
def perform
begin
do_process()
rescue => e
puts "Error message: #{e.message}"
end
end
def do_process()
puts 'The worker !!'
end
end
application.rb
config.eager_load_paths += %W(#{config.root}/app/workers)
A:
You don't need to add directories to load paths in application.rb if you defined you worker classes in app/* folder of rails. Rails will automatically load those file.
If you have defined your classes somewhere else e.g. in the lib/worker/* folder then you need to add this into your application.rb
config.autoload_paths += %W(#{config.root}/lib/workers)
config.eager_load_paths += %W(#{config.root}/lib/workers)
Along with this your issue might be running processes of sidekiq. You can see your sidekiq processes(ps aux | grep sidekiq) and kill those. Then restart the worker.
Reference: https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq/issues/1958
Check the answer of @pkoltermann on this issue
| {
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Sách: Everything, Everything
My disease is as rare as it is famous. Basically, I’m allergic to the world. I don’t leave my house, have not left my house in seventeen years. The only people I ever see are my mom and my nurse, Carla.
But then one day, a moving truck arrives next door. I look out my window, and I see him. He’s tall, lean and wearing all black—black T-shirt, black jeans, black sneakers, and a black knit cap that covers his hair completely. He catches me looking and stares at me. I stare right back. His name is Olly.
Maybe we can’t predict the future, but we can predict some things. For example, I am certainly going to fall in love with Olly. It’s almost certainly going to be a disaster. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
People were counting days until Google Pixel 4 went on sale, and forums were flooded with debates over the potentialities of this device. The Pixel series is populous for the bunch of problems it has faced right after launch.
The new Pixel 4 and XL users have already reported various issues from clicking noises to miserable battery life. Pixel 4 has some cutting-edge features that make it impressive, but it has a terrible battery. Although the Pixel 4 XL provides a little more stamina, still the battery doesn’t last for a longer time.
Not only the battery performance is weak, but users have reported several other issues in Pixel 4 and XL in various forums. Here in this guide, you will get a detailed review of 5 problems in Pixel 4, including camera issues and a low battery.
Problem #1: Poor battery life
Battery life is probably the most usual problem with the new Pixel 4, and you are not alone for having a phone with lousy battery life. To say that Pixel has a weak battery might be a drastic understatement. But leaving the phone as it is and running the phone typically will not make it last a day long with a single charge.
Yes, it’s really annoying to change your habits about using the device or tweaking a few things so that it can get a whole day charge. However, it is still possible to adjust things to extend the battery life of Pixel 4.
Possible solutions
Make sure to turn on the Adaptive Battery
This tweak is as easy as it gets with every Pixel 4 owner must ensure that the Adaptive Battery mode is turned on. Go into the phone and head on to the settings by tapping. Select battery, and there you will find the adaptive battery mode. Make sure the toggle is on; if not, then activate it.
The adaptive battery makes an in-depth study about how you use the phone and monitors the inactive or less used apps. Then it limits those less frequently used apps running in the background. The company says this system only gets better over time. It will permanently sleep those apps you are not using for a prolonged time and lists them on this setting screen.
Turn on battery saver mode
Your phone will make several battery saving changes as soon as you toggle it on from the notification area. This mode will turn off location services when the display is off, limits apps from refreshing in the background, “OK Google” is turned off, and the dark theme is activated.
Uninstall the unused apps
Android 10 restricts apps you don’t use often. Still, you can make that even better by uninstalling them completely. Remember that you can always install whenever you feel the need for it.
Restrict location access
Android 10 allows you to give access to locations to other apps, and it can help to reduce battery life. Open Settings, Privacy, then Permission Manager, and lastly Location, where you can find each app that has access to a location. Restrict the ones you don’t need. You can also turn off the location completely in case if you have a very little battery remaining and you don’t have a charger with you.
Motion Sense can be turned off
You can do this, but your phone will not be able to sense and get a little slow to respond.
Change ambient display setting
You can turn this thing off by toggling every option in Display and Lock Screen Display.
Turn off 90Hz refresh
The phone’s display is great, but that requires an extra 50 percent battery usage than other phones. Get into the phones Settings, Display and then Smooth Display, toggle it, and you are done.
Problem #2: Motion Sense gestures do not work
No matter how good your gestures are, the Motion Sense isn’t going to have a 100 percent acceptance rate. You need to know the right way of holding up your hand and swiping.
Possible solutions
You may find it natural to wave your palm facing the display screen, but Motion Sense will accept only if you put your palm in a perpendicular direction. Just wave your hand casually over the display without rotating the wrist so that the phone can read your gesture at an exact angle.
Also, try not to raise your palm above the top bezel of the phone. Although the phone doesn’t expect such accuracy, it is good not to go beyond the top bezel area. You are not alone to find Motion Sense clumsy. After many rehearse, only a few have maneuvered these gestures perfectly but nowhere near the hundred percent mark.
If you are still finding that this thing isn’t working, make sure that Motion Sense function is enabled on the device. Get into Settings, System, and then Motion Sense. This is the area where you can make sure the individual settings for various gestures are turned on.
Problem #3: Face unlock doesn’t work
Google’s new face unlock technique is really amazing because it can identify anyone’s face in different lighting conditions. It can even perform smoothly if you are wearing glasses, a scarf, a hat, or having different hairstyles or even having your eyes closed. It’s a pretty robust system. Therefore if you are facing problems with the face unlock system, that’s not expected.
Possible solutions
The easiest and simplest way of overcoming this issue is by un-enrolling and re-enrolling your face data. Exactly like using the fingerprint sensor, the next time you want to enroll your face data, it will be a bit more measured and methodical. The phone will take care of the situation that has failed in taking a proper means of registering your face the first time.
Reach out for Settings, Security, and then Face Unlock and tap Delete face data and start all over again. It is important to give your phone the best-scanned image of your face. Perform this action when you are not in a rush by taking a few moments in a room that has a good light. Don’t put your glasses or hat either. Follow the on-screen prompts as it will guide you on how to position your head by tilting in a correct posture.
Problem #4: The camera got serious white balance issues
The company has been putting a lot of effort into photo processing on its phones since the beginning. In the latest Pixel 4 and XL, Google has added many intelligent camera features to produce natural-looking images in any conditions.
This problem is going to impact many users. According to reports from various forums, the camera in Pixel 4 has serious issues with colored lights. It seems that the camera is trying to shoot with extreme colors but ends up in a complete color tone, which is also inaccurate. Many are asking for the return of manual white balance control.
Possible solutions:
At present, there is no fix for this, but the company might make adjustments with future updates. That being said, the issue surrounding inaccurate coloring can be tweaked after a detailed observation. The same issue of discoloration is not present in the RAW image files.
Therefore if you need to dodge this issue until the latest system updates arrive, a simple tweak is required. Open the camera app and enter the settings, then tap on Advanced and turn on RAW+JPEG control. Enabling this setting will save your RAW file images separately, which you can later export and work on the PC. You can also use a compatible app in Pixel 4 for processing those images.
Problem #5: The smooth display does not remain on all the time
You have probably noticed that the 90Hz refresh rate Pixel smooth display isn’t activated all the time. More specifically, when the ambient light conditions are not bright, or screen brightness is set to low. The company has reduced the refresh rate in certain conditions. The screens are not employing the said refresh rate so as to help in reducing the battery drain and to save your eyes.
By default, the highest refresh rate only turns on when the screen brightness is above 75%. The company said that it would release an update soon that will enable a 90Hz refresh rate so that it can work with different brightness levels. Although it is not clear what that might look like.
Possible solutions:
You can overcome this issue by tweaking some settings in Developer Options and force 90Hz all the time. It is recommended to stay away from Developer Options, but you should proceed carefully. Open the Settings, About phone, then scroll down to the Build Number and tap seven times on it.
Now go back to System, Advanced, and then Developer options. Search for “force 90Hz refresh rate”, turn it on. It will affect battery life alongside other problems.
In conclusion:
Do not allow these problems to hamper you from buying one of the greatest Android smartphones available. These are all software related issues and will be fixed in due course of time. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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Protein Bars - High Protein Snacks
Kinetica’s PROTEIN +, Protein Deluxe and Crisp Pro bars are a super convenient way to incorporate high
quality protein and nutrients in the diet and are a tasty, healthy snack alternative. They are ideal between
workouts, in the office, at home or on the go.
Kinetica’s PROTEIN + , PROTEIN DELUXE, and Crisp Proprotein bars provide a convenient way to incorporate high quality protein and nutrients in a healthy snack form. They are ideal between workouts, in the office, at home, or on-the-go.
It is a well-known fact that everyone needs protein; it is a fundamental macronutrient that our body needs to support tissue growth, repair and maintenance. If you are training regularly it is important to keep on top of your protein intake.
Protein bars are an ideal snack option to boost your daily protein levels and support your training requirements. Our protein bars are made up of milk protein isolate and whey protein concentrate, which all contain high levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs).
Not only are protein bars good for your body, but they are also superb-tasting and offer excellent nutritional value in one small snack. At Kinetica, we guarantee 100% satisfaction with our protein bars. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Matt Franchak, Stack's chief of staff, defended the spending reimbursements. In a statement Wednesday night, he said that although the Stacks owned their Philadelphia property along Wayside Road until early last year, they had moved their furniture and their belongings to the 2,400-square-foot lieutenant governor's residence in Fort Indiantown Gap, outside Harrisburg, right after he was inaugurated. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Description: This project proposes two outreach programs: 1) outreach to the "Community" through an effort with people in Mexico and 2) an outreach to "Industry" through an effort in economic development and technology/information transfer. Both programs are in progress but at reduced levels because of the lack of specific persons assigned to those programs. With the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a great deal of national attention has been directed to problems in environmental health and environmental quality at the U.S.-Mexico border region. It is clear that environmental concerns have not received the same attention in Mexico as they have in the United States but that is not because of a lack of concern by the people or the government. A major part of this problem is that there have not been any institutions or centers of environmental study which have the knowledge to implement environmental regulations similar to those found in the United States. The objective in past activities has been to encourage the development of environmental toxicology in Mexico. The proposal is to extend these initiatives in the following manner: 1) To jointly sponsor conferences with Mexican colleagues which address problems in hazardous waste and their dumpsites, particularly in the border region. 2) To maintain a directory of persons in the border region who are involved with hazardous waste research, management, risk assessment, risk communication and public policy from government, academia, industry and the general population. 3) To encourage the development of environmental toxicology degree programs, research centers and expertise at universities or research institutes in Mexico. 4) To recruit graduate students and faculty from Mexico to enter degree programs or take courses while doing research at the University of Arizona. Outreach to Industry is part of a larger outreach effort initiated by the Governor of Arizona, Fife Symington, to stimulate industrial development in Arizona. The proposal is to create a cooperative working relationship between members of Environmental Technology Industry Committee (ETIC), a private industry association, who are interested in hazardous waste risk assessment and remediation with members of the University of Arizona Hazardous Waste Basic Research Program; and to focus this interaction on addressing environmental problems along the US- Mexico border. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
} |
President Trump Donald John TrumpSteele Dossier sub-source was subject of FBI counterintelligence probe Pelosi slams Trump executive order on pre-existing conditions: It 'isn't worth the paper it's signed on' Trump 'no longer angry' at Romney because of Supreme Court stance MORE returned to the White House on Sunday after spending his first Father's Day weekend in office at Camp David. This was also his first weekend at the presidential retreat in Maryland, after eschewing it for nearly five months in favor of staying at mostly Trump-owned properties.
Arriving in the Marine One helicopter at the White House late Sunday afternoon, Trump, joined by first lady Melania Trump Melania TrumpThe Hill's Campaign Report: Trump faces backlash after not committing to peaceful transition of power FBI director casts doubt on concerns over mail-in voting fraud Trump: 'We could hardly hear' boos, chanting at Supreme Court MORE and the couple's 11-year-old son, Barron, told reporters that Camp David was"incredible," as well as "beautiful" and "very nice."
The first lady also tweeted on Saturday that she and her husband were enjoying themselves at the camp.
ADVERTISEMENT
In a second tweet on Sunday, Melania Trump wished the president a happy Father's Day.
The president also tweeted about Camp David, saying it was "an honor to have spent the weekend there," and praising the military.
Camp David is a very special place. An honor to have spent the weekend there. Military runs it so well and are so proud of what they do! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) June 18, 2017
For the Trumps, Camp David is a more rustic alternative to the palatial resorts where they often spend their weekends. Trump's presence has long been a staple at his own golf courses and plush private clubs.
Early in his presidency, Trump often visited his Mar-a-Lago club in Palm Beach, Fla.
When the club closed for the summer, Trump turned to his golf club in Bedminster Township, N.J. On weekends when he has remained in Washington, he has often ventured out to his golf course in Sterling, Va. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Chronic and degenerative diseases in middle-aged women such as cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases are increasing. These diseases are the leading cause of death and disability disorders in developing countries. [@b0075] showed that large changes in behavior patterns due to the decreasing consumption of vegetables and fruits, which plays an important role in increasing the incidence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, micronutrients, minerals and vitamins, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ([@b0140]). Therefore, they possess preventive and therapeutic potencies against diseases ([@b0010], [@b0160]).
Date palm (*Phoenix dactilyfera* L.) seed is one of the rich source of polyphenols and flavonoids ([@b0035]). It has been extensively investigated for pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory ([@b0115]), immuno-stimulant ([@b0105]), antidiabetic ([@b0045]), antibacterial ([@b0025]), antiviral ([@b0060]), and antioxidant ([@b0020], [@b0035], [@b0050], [@b0090]). In previous studies, the date palm seeds were proven to work as anti-inflammatory ([@b0120], [@b0125], [@b0120]), and antiatherogenic food substance ([@b0110]). Recent study showed that various compounds act as anti-inflammatory by metabolomic approach ([@b0005]). Anti-inflammatory effect of date seeds in human has not been adequately studied, especially in middle-aged women. This study, therefore, aims to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of steeped date palm seed in middle-aged women.
2. Material and methods {#s0010}
=======================
2.1. Study design and participants {#s0015}
----------------------------------
This is a quasi-experimental design with a pre and post-test approach. Data were obtained from a total of 30 randomly selected middle-aged women living at Gununglurah, Cilongok District, Banyumas. The inclusion criteria were women between the age of 45--60 years, with no history of metabolic disease by measuring their blood glucose and total cholesterol levels. These women live in farming community and perform the domestic tasks of housewives. In this study, each subject received a single dose of 2.5 g seed powder per day for 14 days. The seed powder was consumed using 250 mL of boiling water. Subjects signed an informed consent before participating in this study, which was conducted after obtaining approval of ethical clearance from the medical research ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine University of Negeri Sebelas Maret Surakarta, number: 541/IV/HREC/2019.
2.2. Preparation of date seeds powder {#s0020}
-------------------------------------
Deglet Nour dates collected from Tunisia, were obtained from a market at Purwokerto, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Seeds were manually separated from the date flesh, cleaned with water, selected, and dried for one day in sunlight. The dried seeds were roasted at medium temperature, crushed in a blender and filtered to obtain a fine powder.
2.3. Measurement pro-inflammatory mediators {#s0025}
-------------------------------------------
A 3 mL blood sample was taken through the median cubital vein before and after treatment. The level of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, TGF-β, COX-1, COX-2, and prostaglandin E2 were examined by ELISA kit (BT Laboratories, Shanghai) based on the manufacturer\'s protocol, using an ELISA machine Reader (Labotrone, Germany).
2.4. Statistical analysis {#s0030}
-------------------------
The mean score was compared before and after treatment with all data presented as mean ± SEM. Differences in scores before and after treatment were analyzed using the student *t*-test. The graph pad software (GraphPad Prism, San Diego, CA) was used to analyze statistical and graphical data, with a p value \< 0.05 considered significant.
3. Results {#s0035}
==========
3.1. Characteristics of participants {#s0040}
------------------------------------
Thirty subjects were initially recruited, however, eight were unable to complete the treatment. Therefore, a total of 22 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. The age of subjects ranged was from 51 to 57 years, with a healthy weight status and an average body mass index of 24 kg/m^2^, blood glucose below 140 mg/dL, and total cholesterol below 200 mg/dL ([Table 1](#t0005){ref-type="table"}).Table 1Respondent characteristic.VariableRangesMeanAge (years)51-5755Blood pressure Systole (mmHg)100-175135 Diastole (mmHg)65-10093Body mass index (kg/m^2^)23.5--24.524
3.2. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines {#s0045}
--------------------------------------------
The expression of IL-1β and TGF-β reduced significantly after the consumption of date palm seeds in the post-treatment stage, while TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6 did had no significant change ([Fig. 1](#f0005){ref-type="fig"}). This result suggests the date palm seed reduces IL-1β and TGF-β produced in healthy middle-aged women.Fig. 1**Treatment date palm seed decreases IL-1β and TGF-β expression.** The cytokines levels were measured at day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 15 (post-treatment) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mean ± SE are presented (n = 22). Asterisks indicate student *t*-test significance values; \*\*P \< 0.01, \*P \< 0.05. ns = not significant.
3.3. The role of dates palm seed on cyclooxygenase pathway {#s0050}
----------------------------------------------------------
The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is important in arachidonic acid metabolism related to the inflammatory process ([@b0080]). Therefore, the expression of COX-1, COX-2, as well as prostaglandin E2 level, showed that these mediators are important markers on the COX pathway. A significant decrease in the level of COX-1, COX-2 and PGE2 was observed in the post-treatment stage compared with pre-treatment of steeped of date palm seeds ([Fig. 2](#f0010){ref-type="fig"}). Interestingly, the expression of COX-2 substantially decreased (p \< 0.001), which indicates that the inducible expression of COX-2 in middle-aged women was decreased by consumption of date palm seeds.Fig. 2**Treatment date palm seed decreases COX-1, COX-2, PGE2 level.** The enzyme/mediator levels were measured at day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 15 (post-treatment) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mean ± SE are shown (n = 22). Asterisks indicate student *t*-test significance values; \*\*P \< 0.01, \*\*\*\*P \< 0.001.
4. Discussion {#s0055}
=============
Several studies have been conducted to examine the potential of date palm seeds as an anti-inflammatory ([@b0015]) *in vitro* and *in vivo* ([@b0035], [@b0085], [@b0115]). However, no anti-inflammatory activity studies have been conducted on date palm seeds in humans, women middle age. This study, found that the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β, COX-1 and COX-2 decreased after the administration of date palm seeds to middle age women.
Studies showed that the elderly and middle age women experience an increase in free radicals due to various factors such as aging, food, pollution, and excess activity. Free radicals in the body causes oxidation in normal cells, thereby, leading to inflammation and diseases ([@b0135], [@b0145]). Lymphocytes and other immune cells produce cytokines such as IL-1β and TGF-β when there are inflammatory stimuli.
Interleukin-1β is highly elevated in chronic diseases such as obesity, osteoarthritis, and gout ([@b0030]). IL-1β affects lymphocytes and macrophages, induces the formation of prostaglandins, colony stimulating factors and other cytokines ([@b0165]). IL-1β expression is stimulated by various stimuli including sterile stimulus through the formation of inflammasomes ([@b0130]). Since middle age women have developed accumulated agents capable of activating the inflammasome formation, such as cholesterol and uric acid ([@b0095]), it is therefore, important to determine the ability of the date palm seed to reduce the expression of IL-1β. Another interesting aspect is to reveal the role of date palm seeds in inhibiting IL-1β expression, which is further investigated in future.
Although TGF-β was initially called as anti-inflammatory cytokines, it also induces inflammatory Th17 cells differentiation ([@b0170]). Although the role TGF-β in inflammation remains unclear, the date palm seed showed its ability to decrease.
Cyclooxygenase pathway has been well-established for their role in inflammation ([@b0055]). Conversion of phospholipids to arachidonic acid is mediated by the enzyme cyclooxygenase. COX-1 is constitutively expressed and plays a role in the protection of the gastric mucosa. COX-2 is expressed inducibly by an inflammatory stimulus ([@b0155]). Furthermore, various stimuli tend to induce COX-2 expression, which tends to occur with increasing age. In this study, COX-2 expression greatly decreased after the administration of date palm seeds to middle age women. Both enzymes induce the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, e.g. PGE2 which plays a role in the vasodilation of blood vessels and increased vascular endothelial permeability ([@b0070]). The expression of both COX enzymes is inhibited by date palm seeds, with a decrease in PGE2 production.
This study is limited to high of dropping out because the subject did not complete the consumption of date palm seed powder as assigned. In addition, the food consumed by the subjects and likely to affect the level of proinflammatory mediators in the human body were not recorded.
Date palm seeds may work as an anti-inflammatory and improve the performance of the immune system ([@b0105]). [@b0100] stated that it works to suppress NF-κB, COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thereby, decreasing pro-inflammatory mediators. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of date palm seeds is related to components of polyphenols such as caffeoyl hexoside, 5-O-caffeoyl shikimic acid isomers, hydrocaffeic acid, and isorhamnetin ([@b0150], [@b0065]). This ingredient has also been proven safe for liver and kidney ([@b0040]), therefore, it can be consumed regularly by middle age women to maintain health status, improve immune systems, and prevent chronic diseases. Clinical implications obtained from this study shows that the physicians may suggest the steeped of palm seed powder as a functional beverage.
5. Conclusion {#s0060}
=============
Dates seeds can act as an anti-inflammatory by reducing interleukin-1β, TGF-β, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression. Regular consumption of date palm seeds increases the body\'s immunity and prevent chronic diseases.
Declaration of Competing Interest
=================================
The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
{#s0080}
**Availability of Data and Materials**
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript. Raw data are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.
Acknowledgments {#s0065}
===============
The authors are grateful to Dr. Hernayanti for her laboratory support; to Lita Kusuma and Nina Setiowati for critically reviewing the manuscript.
Funding {#s0070}
=======
This study was supported by The Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia through PDUPT funding.
Authors' contributions {#s0075}
======================
SY, W, AI conceived and designed the experiments; SY, W, AI performed the experiments; SM analyzed the data; SY, W, AI contributed chemicals/reagents/materials/analysis tools; SY and SM wrote the paper. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Evaluating coagulation tests in patients with atrial fibrillation using direct oral anticoagulants.
Four direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) have been shown to be at least as effective and safe as warfarin for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation and the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Although they are administered in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring, measurement of anticoagulant effect or drug levels may be useful to determine if: anticoagulant effect is present in patients who are bleeding or require an urgent procedure or thrombolysis; levels are within usual on-therapy range in patients with recurrent thromboembolism during treatment; and levels are outside of the usual on-therapy range in patients with overdose or with extreme clinical characteristics. Traditional coagulation assays are widely available but lack sensitivity to detect clinically relevant anticoagulant effects, and lack accuracy in quantitating drug levels. Specific drug assays are less widely available but can accurately measure drug levels and should be preferred. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Pages
Saturday, April 10, 2010
What a game. The Atlanta Thrashers, especially Ondrej Pavelec, managed to control the mighty Washington Capitals for two periods. However, even a hot goalie could not stop them for long, and, following a 3-goal burst in just 3:16, the Washington Capitals ended the night with an exciting 5-2 victory.
I have to say, the Alexander Ovechkin – Nicklas Backstrom – Alexander Semin line really is incredible, and can bring the goals when needed. How does 4 goals, 5 assists, and 9 points for an average ice time of about 21 minutes sound? Also, the line went a combined +11 in one game, and had a total of 18 shots on goal. Boudreau, if you need offense, all Ovechkin – Backstrom – Semin. They’ll get it done.
Alexander Semin really wants goal #40….. he had 11 shots, and both of his line mates had 2 goals apiece. He apparently was mad after the game….. hopefully #40 comes for #28 against Boston on Sunday.
Alexander Ovechkin, meanwhile, picked up goal #50 for the season. He has had 4 50-goal season in his first 5 season in the NHL.
Ovechkin, who also had an assist, retook both the NHL goal scoring lead and the points scoring lead, from Sidney Crosby (who trails by 1 goal) and Henrik Sedin (who trails by 1 point) respectively. Crosby has 2 games remaining, and Sedin has 1 game remaining.
With a 3-point night against Boston, if he plays, Ovechkin can match his career-high in points, 112, which was set in the 2007-2008 season.
Backstrom has set career highs in every category;
Goals, 33 (previous high was 22)
Assists, 68 (previous high was 66)
Points, 101 (previous high was 88)
Plus/Minus, 38 (previous high was 16)
Penalty Minutes, 50 (previous high was 46)
Shooting Percentage, 15.1% (previous high was 12.6%)
Also to note; Backstrom’s average time on ice has only increased by about 30 seconds.
Jose Theodore was fantastic; the only goals he let in were a strange, very-top-of-the-net goal that went in right under the crossbar, and a own-goal of the skate of Brendan Morrison. I’m thinking Theodore is the playoff starter.
Theodore’s save percentage was an excellent .935.
Theodore also had his 4th 30-win season.
Jeff Schultz continues his strong play and was a +4 for the night…. he is now +2 better than Ovechkin with 1 game remaining; his total +/- is an incredible +48.
Speaking of +/-, 5 Capitals players, essentially last night’s 1st line and 1st defensive pairing, lead the league in +/-; Capitals players occupy 6 of the top 10 +/- rankings, and the rest of the top 10 players are Canucks.
Take a look;
+/- Rating
Player
Team
Game Played
+ 48
Jeff Schultz, D
Washington Capitals
72
+ 46
Alexander Ovechkin, LW
Washington Capitals
71
+ 38
Nicklas Backstrom, C
Washington Capitals
81
+ 37
Mike Green, D
Washington Capitals
74
+ 35
Alexander Semin, LW
Washington Capitals
72
+ 33
Christian Ehrhoff, D
Vancouver Canucks
79
+ 32
Daniel Sedin, LW
Vancouver Canucks
62
+ 31
Henrik Sedin, C
Vancouver Canucks
81
+ 31
Alex Burrows, LW
Vancouver Canucks
81
+ 26
Tom Poti, D
Washington Capitals
69
Most impressive, I would say.
Also to note about tonight’s game; Mike Knuble, David Steckel, Matt Bradley, John Erskine, and Tom Poti were not playing. Milan Jurcina is still recovering from surgery, and will be able to play later in the playoffs.
Reports are that Alexander Ovechkin might rest for Sunday’s game against the Boston Bruins; however, should the scoring title not be locked in by then, I’m fairly sure he’d play. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining the oscillation parameters of a longitudinally oscillating band, for example a tape or ribbon, excited by a piezoelectric oscillator and whose oscillations are to be received and evaluated. The apparatus is used for measuring dust concentration in a fluid.
In the course of research work, discussed in a report entitled "Measurement of Emissions from Power Stations" by Theodor Gast and Karl Ulrich Kramm submitted to Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie published October, 1984, tests have been made to determine to what extent the natural frequencies of a longitudinally oscillating band change when its inert mass changes. In an experimental arrangement employed for this purpose, a transmitter and a receiver are provided which are piezoelectric oscillators and which are arranged opposite one another at a defined distance. A band is held between the oscillators by means of first and second collet chucks which are each clamped in between the piezoelectric oscillators by way of a disc-shaped thickened portion.
The oscillations of the transmitter are transferred through the band and the second chuck to the oppositely disposed piezoelectric oscillator operating as the receiver, which thereby produces an output signal. In this experimental arrangement, the frequency of the transmitter is controlled in such a manner that a phase shift of 90.degree. exists between the phases of the excited and received waves, causing a standing wave to be formed having nodes at the clamping points (e.g., the first and second collet chucks). Experiments have shown that, for example, an increase in mass in the center region of the band results in a decrease in amplitude of the standing wave, and this change in amplitude could be used as a measuring value. In addition, it was found that the frequency is influenced, and this change in frequency could also represent a measuring variable. A chamber plunger structure and a pressure plate of this kind is described by Theodor Gast and Karl Ulrich Kramm in more detail in the European Patent Application No. 0 214 366 A2 and in the figure therein.
However, this "chamber-plunger structure" has considerable drawbacks. For example, the force generated by means of the piezoelectric element and acting on the plunger must be opposed by a counterforce produced by the enclosing chamber itself (i.e., by the corresponding front or rear pressure plate). Furthermore, in this device, synchronism of the piezoelectric element, which is necessary for conversion of input electrical energy to mechanical energy of the band, is not ensured. Therefore, it may be possible that not only the plunger--as is assumed in the ideal case--but the entire system of the chamber, the plunger, and the piezoelectric element oscillates, i.e. only part of the mechanically-produced energy is ultimately transferred to the band and detected at the receiver as a band signal. Consequently, bands having high material attenuation or a long length are not usable to produce a signal that can be evaluated.
Due to its complex mechanical structure, the foregoing system necessarily includes a plurality of "spring to mass" couplings, which all produce undesirable individual mechanical resonances. As a result of the external dimensions and material constants of the foregoing system, these undesirable individual mechanical resonances all lie in the intended useful frequency range of the measurements. However, an unequivocal evaluation of the resultant measurements can be made only if no natural resonance occurs in the transmitter or receiver below the uppermost measuring frequency. The prior art system exhibits these subordinate resonance phenomena beginning at 7 KHz, and therefore the measuring frequency has to be less than 7 KHz.
A practical embodiment of the apparatus with changed dimensions (larger plunger, chamber, and piezoelectric element) exhibits resonances over the entire frequency range (1 KHz to 40 KHz) measured, so that accurate and reliable results cannot be ensured. The resonant frequencies (e.g., subordinate resonances) of the undesirable "spring to mass" couplings are not frequency stable. They are subject to a great extent to extraneous influences such as, for example, tightening moments from the clamping screws, ambient temperature, mechanical shocks occurring during transport, and so on. The "tuning" of such systems is extremely difficult since there are interacting factors. That is, the effect of a change in one parameter can be evaluated only by observation of the total frequency spectrum of the system, e.g. a Fourier analysis, which, however, is possible in relatively few cases. For the above reasons, the aforementioned prior art device is not suitable for use in practice (especially for use in the rough surroundings of a power plant where this invention could be used).
Although piezoceramic high power transducers are known ("Technologie und Anwendungen von Ferroelektrika" [Technology and Uses of Ferroelectric Elements], published by VAG Leipzig, 1976, pages 360 et seq.), these serve to generate the acoustic output power of ultrasound transducers employed, for example, for cleaning purposes (in water as a prerequisite) or for underwater signal transmission (page 360, second paragraph, lines 4 and 5). Their use as elements for transferring forces to bands or the like that are mechanically coupled to them, for example under environmental conditions or in flue gas chimneys, is neither mentioned nor suggested. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Q:
Sudden collapse of kableExtra in [R]
I should probably point out that I am still fairly new to working with RMarkdown and the kableExtra R package, but I have a document that was knitable last week and now no longer knits despite no physical changes to the document. The error message I receive is the following
Error in save_kable_latex(x, file, latex_header_includes, keep_tex) : We hit an error when trying to use magick to read the generated PDF file. You may check your magick installation and try to use the magick::image_read to read the PDF file manually. It's also possible that you didn't have ghostscript installed. Calls ... -> as_image -> save_kable -> save_kable_latex Execution halted
I have tried everything that I can think of by re-installing the magick R package, installing ghostscript (through Homebrew), etc.
And the code chunk given below seems to be where the issues are occurring, where tab2 is a data frame with some of its elements being a LaTeX expressions such as "\\sum_x f(x)*\\left ( pe(x) - lcl(x) \\right )".
kable( tab2, format="latex", escape=FALSE, align="c", col.names=NULL ) %>%
kable_styling( latex_options=c('hold_position') ) %>%
footnote( general="Given x successes out of n trials, the holistic Jeffreys $100*(1-\\\\alpha)\\\\%$ Lower $\\\\textit{Credible}$ Limit is the value $p$ such that $\\\\int_0^p \\\\frac{t^{x+0.5-1}(1-t)^{n-x+0.5-1}}{B(x+0.5,n-x+0.5)} dt = \\\\alpha$ where B(a,b) is the Beta function given by $\\\\int_0^1 t^{(x-1)}(1-t)^{(y-1)} dt$.",
general_title="", threeparttable = TRUE,
footnote_as_chunk=TRUE, escape=FALSE ) %>%
as_image( file="tab2.png", width=8, units="in" )
and printed to the PDF later on using the include_graphics() function on a new slide.
Any assistance would be greatly appreciated as this is for a work presentation.
EDIT #1
As requested, here is a Minimum Working Example
prob.success <- sample( seq(.5,.99,.01), size=1 )
conf.alpha <- sample( seq(.5,.99,.01), size=1 )
tab1 <- data.frame( x=0:5, f=round(dbinom(0:5,5,prob.success),3) ) %>%
mutate( pe=x/5, lcl=qbeta(1-conf.alpha,x+0.5,5-0:5+0.5) ) %>%
mutate( lcl=pmin(pe,lcl) ) %>%
mutate( delta=pe-lcl ) %>%
mutate( f_delta=f*delta )
exp.expr <- "\\sum_x f(x)*\\left ( pe(x) - lcl(x) \\right )"
exp.delta <- format( round(sum( tab1$f_delta ),4), nsmall=4 )
tab2 <- tab1 %>%
mutate( x=as.character(x), f=format(round(f,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( pe=format(round(pe,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( lcl=format(round(lcl,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( delta=format(round(delta,4),nsmall=3) ) %>%
mutate( f_delta=format(round(f_delta,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
rbind( ., data.frame(x="",f="",pe="",lcl="",delta="",f_delta="") ) %>%
rbind( ., data.frame(x="", f="", pe="Exp", lcl="Diff", delta="=", f_delta=exp.expr) ) %>%
rbind( ., data.frame(x="",f="",pe="",lcl="",delta="=",f_delta=exp.delta) ) %>%
rbind( data.frame(x="x",f="f(x)",pe="pe(x)",lcl="lcl(x)",delta="pe(x)-lcl(x)",
f_delta="f(x)\\times\\left(pe(x)-lcl(x)\\right)"), . )
EDIT #2
And these are the R packages used in the .Rmd file
library( knitr )
library( tibble )
library( magrittr )
library( dplyr )
library( kableExtra )
library( stringr )
library( magick )
A:
After several emails with the kableExtra author Hao Zhu, it was suggested that a HTML table (instead of LaTeX) should be used. As a result, the following code was able to render successfully. Many thanks to Hao.
Changes to the original post include
exp.expr <- "$\\sum_x f(x)*\\left ( pe(x) - lcl(x) \\right )$"
tab2 <- tab1 %>%
mutate( x=as.character(x), f=format(round(f,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( pe=format(round(pe,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( lcl=format(round(lcl,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
mutate( delta=format(round(delta,4),nsmall=3) ) %>%
mutate( f_delta=format(round(f_delta,4),nsmall=4) ) %>%
# rbind( ., data.frame(x="",f="",pe="",lcl="",delta="",f_delta="") ) %>%
rbind( ., data.frame(x="", f="", pe="Exp", lcl="Diff", delta="=", f_delta=exp.expr) ) %>%
rbind( ., data.frame(x="",f="",pe="",lcl="",delta="=",f_delta=exp.delta) ) # %>%
# rbind( data.frame(x="x",f="f(x)",pe="pe(x)",lcl="lcl(x)",delta="pe(x)-lcl(x)",
# f_delta="f(x)\\times\\left(pe(x)-lcl(x)\\right)"), . )
tab.cols <- c( "x", "f(x)", "pe(x)", "lcl(x)", "pe(x)-lcl(x)",
"$f(x)\\times\\left(pe(x)-lcl(x)\\right)$" )
kable( tab2, format="html", escape=FALSE, align="c", col.names=tab.cols ) %>%
kable_styling( "striped", full_width = F, position="center" ) %>%
footnote( general="Given x successes out of n trials, the holistic Jeffreys $100*(1-\\alpha)\\%$ Lower *Credible* Limit is the value $p$ such that $\\int_0^p \\frac{t^{x+0.5-1}(1-t)^{n-x+0.5-1}}{B(x+0.5,n-x+0.5)} dt = \\alpha$ where B(a,b) is the Beta function given by $\\int_0^1 t^{(x-1)}(1-t)^{(y-1)} dt$.",
general_title="Note:", footnote_as_chunk=TRUE, escape=FALSE )
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Dengue is an arthropod-borne febrile disease caused by a flavivirus with four serotypes (DEN-1, 2, 3 and 4) which causes an estimated 50 million infections each year[@b1]. In humans, immunity against a particular serotype is considered permanent after the exposure and cross immunity to other serotypes is considered short lived[@b2] although some studies argue for a longer duration of cross-immunity[@b3][@b4]. As a consequence, the proportions of viral serotypes co-circulating at any point in time are strongly dependent on previous incidence patterns of the disease, which determine the number of individuals susceptible to each serotype at any point in time.
Dengue transmission is also modulated by environmental conditions, among which, temperature, due to its effects on the vector reproduction, stands out as a strong predictor of incidence[@b5][@b6]. In places with sufficient seasonal temperature variation, dengue is predominantly a summer disease. So it is fair to say that these environmental fluctuations play a key role in determining beginning and end of epidemic periods. This climatic influence is exerted mainly through its effects on the force of infection, which cannot be taken as constant[@b7] but rather as a seasonal (oscillating) function of time. The long term dynamics of dengue is also modulated by the alternation of virus types in circulation. Demographics also plays a role in replenishing the population of susceptibles.
The attack ratio (AR) of a disease is a measure of morbidity defined as the number of new cases divided by the population at risk. For dengue epidemics, it can be difficult to calculate the AR due to the lack of knowledge of the population at risk. The population at risk in this case is the number of susceptibles to the circulating virus type(s) before a given epidemic. Thus, in order to calculate the attack ratio, we need to determine the number of susceptibles to the circulating virus types right before the epidemic, which is virtually impossible without regular virological surveys.
The attack ratio is also influenced by the reproductive number of the disease[@b8][@b9], which is closely associated with the force of infection. Thus the incorporation of the effective reproduction number, *R*~*t*~, as a function of time, is crucial to an accurate estimation of the AR of seasonal diseases like dengue and Influenza.
Other methods for estimating the number of susceptibles while accommodating time-varying force of infection have been proposed before, for measles[@b10][@b11], a disease that shows remarkable seasonality. These methods try to reconstruct the entire series of infectious and susceptibles from case data using deterministic models and generally work well for measles because there is a one-to-one relationship between exposure and immunity, since measles is caused by a single-strain pathogen. Recently, methods in the same fashion were developed for dengue when serotype-specific data is available[@b12]. When such data is not available, the series of susceptibles to all possible serotypes, cannot be reconstructed based solely on a deterministic transmission model, since the arrival/re-emergence of new serotypes, an intrinsically stochastic event, can drastically change the pool of susceptibles, throwing off any sequential estimation based on the incidence dynamics.
Dengue has been reintroduced in Rio de Janeiro in 1986 after being absent for 68 years[@b13]. During the last decades of the 20th century only DEN-1 and DEN-2 serotypes were in circulation. The remaining serotypes DEN-3 and DEN-4, arrived respectively in 2000 and 2011[@b14][@b15]. Due to this patterns of recent re-introduction of the disease, its incidence dynamics is still dominated by the introduction events and environmental determinants of transmission.
In this paper, we propose a new approach to estimate the number (fraction) of susceptibles using a simplified model of dengue transmission based on a single-strain Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model with time-varying infection rate. In order to bypass the limitations of not knowing the serotype-specific seroprevalence and the exact behaviour of the force of infection through time, we propose to inform the time-varying transmissibility using the *R*~*t*~ series derived from the notification data[@b16]. We extend a Bayesian framework previously used to estimate the number of susceptibles in Influenza epidemics in Europe[@b17] to include time-varying force of infection and derive a probability distribution for *R*~*t*~ to accommodate uncertainty in the estimates. Then, from the incidence series and the population at risk, we calculate the attack ratio for each epidemic. We apply our method to estimate *S*~0~ before every major dengue epidemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the last 18 years.
Methods
=======
In this section we will start by describing the data and then the method used to estimate the effective reproductive number, *R*~*t*~, from the data and obtain its posterior distribution. We then proceed to describe the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model used to represent the aggregated disease incidence and how *R*~*t*~ can be integrated into the model to allow for time varying force of infection. Next, an approach to approximate the posterior distributions of the numbers of susceptible to the main circulating dengue viruses for each epidemic is detailed. Finally, we discuss how to estimate the attack ratio of each epidemic using the estimated susceptible fraction and the observed incidence.
Data
----
The data used in this paper consists of time series of weekly notified cases of dengue for the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1996 to 2014. The cases are notified based only on clinical criteria. Laboratory confirmation and serotype information are available only for a very small sample and only on recent years (2010--2013). For the parameter estimation procedures incidence was normalized by dividing the number of cases reported by the total city population at each year as given by the census (Census Bureau, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, <http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/>).
Estimating the effective reproductive number (*R* ~*t*~)
--------------------------------------------------------
In monitoring of infectious diseases, it is important to assess whether the incidence of a particular disease is increasing significantly, in order to decide to take preventive measures. The effective reproductive number at time *t*, *R*~*t*~, can be understood as a real-time estimate of the basic reproductive number (*R*~0~) and is defined as the average number of secondary cases per primary case at time *t*.
Let *Y*~*t*~ be the number of reported disease cases for a particular time *t* ∈ (0, *T*). Nishiura el al. (2010)[@b16] extend the theory developed by Stallybrass *et al.* (1931)[@b18] and propose to estimate *R*~*t*~ as
where *n* is taken to be the ratio between the length of reporting interval and the mean generation time of the disease. Here we are interested in the simpler case *n* = 1. If *R*~*t*~ is to be used as a decision tool, however, one needs to be able to quantify the uncertainty about estimate in equation [1](#eq1){ref-type="disp-formula"}. Here we detail how to obtain credibility intervals for *R*~*t*~ under the assumption that the counts *Y*~*t*~ are Poisson distributed for all *t*.
We explore the approach of Ederer and Mantel[@b19], whose objective was to obtain confidence intervals for the ratio of two Poisson counts. Let *Y*~*t*~ \~ *Poisson*(*λ*~*t*~) and *Y*~*t*+1~ \~ *Poisson*(*λ*~*t*+1~) and define *W* = *Y*~*t*~ + *Y*~*t*+1~. The authors note that by conditioning on the sum *W*
Let be such that . Analogously, define such that . Ederer and Mantel (1974)[@b19] show that one can construct a 100*α*% confidence interval for *R*~*t*~ by noting that
Because the transform from *θ* to *R*~*t*~ is monotonically increasing, the result holds for confidence and credibility intervals alike.
Many authors have chosen to quantify the uncertainty about *θ* following orthodox approaches (see for example[@b20][@b21]) mainly for simplicity. We choose instead to take a Bayesian approach and use the 100*α*% posterior credibility interval for *θ*~*t*~ as *c*~*α*~(*θ*~*t*~). If we choose the conjugate beta prior with parameters *a*~0~ and *b*~0~ for the binomial likelihood in (2), the posterior distribution for *θ*~*t*~ is
Combining equations [(4](#eq12){ref-type="disp-formula"}) and ([5](#eq13){ref-type="disp-formula"}) tells us that the induced posterior distribution of *R*~*t*~ is a beta prime (or inverted beta) with parameters *a*~1~ = *Y*~*t*+1~ + *a*~0~ and *b*~1~ = *Y*~*t*~ + *b*~0~[@b22]. The density of the induced distribution is then
Thus, the expectation of *R*~*t*~ is *a*~1~/(*b*~1~ − 1) and its variance is *a*~1~(*a*~1~ + *b*~1~ − 1)/((*b*~1~ − 2)(*b*~1~ − 1)^2^). Note that this result holds only for *n* = 1. Sampling from the posterior in (6) can be made straightforward by first sampling from (5) and then applying the transform in (4). Also, one can choose *a*~0~ and *b*~0~ so as to elicit meaningful prior distributions for *R*~*t*~. We show how to elicit the prior for *R*~*t*~ from specified prior mean and variance or coefficient of variation in the [Appendix](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.
Also, since *R*~*t*~ \> 1 indicates sustained transmission, one may be interested in computing the probability of this event. This can be easily achieved by integrating (6) over the appropriate interval. By noting that
one can compute the desired probability while avoiding dealing with the density in (6) directly.
Mathematical modelling
----------------------
A Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model is proposed to model dengue dynamics. In the traditional formulation of the model, transmission is governed by a constant transmission rate *β* and recovery happens at a rate *τ*.
For our analysis we chose to let the force of infection vary with time, just as it does in the actual epidemics, as seen in the data. So as the epidemic progresses, the effective transmission rate changes and is given by
where *R*~*t*~ is the effective reproductive number, estimated as in 1 and *S*~0~ is the initial fraction of susceptible individuals. The complete model with the time-varying force of infection is given by the system of ordinary differential equations:
where *S* + *I* + *R* = 1 ∀ *t*. Of course, this is a rather simplified model, in which, for instance, the vector is omitted. The rationale for this simplification is based on the ability of the empirically derived *R*~*t*~ to incorporate the effects of the fluctuating vector populations. Although demography is not included in the model -- population is assumed to remain constant throughout an epidemic -- the population variation from year to year is taken into consideration as the prevalences are calculated for each year by dividing the number of cases by the official population estimated by the census. In Brazil, dengue affects all age groups which still haven't been exposed to all 4 serotypes. This is in contrast with countries in which the four serotypes have been endemic for a very long period of time, where dengue mostly affect the youth.
Also, although there are multiple circulating serotypes, our approach can not discriminate between them due to the lack of serotype-specific data. Nevertheless, this modelling strategy can still provide some insight into the disease dynamics and allows us to estimate the initial fraction of susceptibles *S*~0~, a key epidemiological parameter.
Bayesian parameter estimation
-----------------------------
We take a Bayesian approach to the estimation of *S*~0~. First the incidence time series was divided into *J* = 13 epidemic windows that corresponded to significant raises in incidence and normalized to lie on the \[0, 1\] interval. For a given interval we observe an incidence time series **Y**~**j**~. We are thus interested in the posterior distribution
The likelihood *l*(**Y**~**j**~\| ⋅) is a approximated by a Normal distribution with fixed variance *σ*^2^. This approximation is a numerical convenience since it confers better stability to the MCMC sampling. In this estimation procedure we kept *R*~*t*~ fixed at fixed at the posterior mean obtained as described above and fixed *τ* = 1/7days^−1^. To complete the inference, we need to specify prior distributions for the parameters of interest. We place a flat Beta(1, 1) prior on *S*~0*j*~ ∀ *j*
To approximate the posterior in (11) we use Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques implemented in the Bayesian inference with Python (BIP)[@b17] available at <http://code.google.com/p/bayesian-inference/>. BIP uses a Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM)[@b23] scheme that efficiently samples from high-dimensional joint distributions using multiple adaptive chains running in parallel with delayed rejection (see [Appendix](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} for details). Also, as the numerical integration routine implemented within BIP needs *β*(*t*) to be available at arbitrary values of *t*, i.e., as continuous function of time because of the variable step size, we used linear interpolation to obtain values of *R*~*t*~ for any time point. In this study we used one chain per parameter, i.e, 3 chains for each run. The chains were run until 5000 samples were obtained after discarding 500 burn-in samples. Convergence of the parallel chains was verified at every 100 iterations by the calculation of the Gelman-Rubin's R (potential scale reduction factor), which approaches 1 at convergence[@b24].
Calculating the attack ratio
----------------------------
The attack ratio of an epidemic is defined by the number of infections divided by the size of the population at risk.
Based on what has been discussed so far, we can rewrite (12) for each epidemic *j* as
where *S*~0*j*~ is the number of susceptibles before each epidemic *j*, which we estimated before.
Python and R code to perform all the analyses described above is publicly available at <https://github.com/fccoelho/paperLM1>.
Results and Discussion
======================
In this paper we propose a method to bypass the lack of serotype-specific case data by informing the time-varying force of infection with the instantaneous reproductive number, *R*~*t*~ which we calculate from aggregated data. The main contribution of this paper can be summarized in the following items: (i) we develop a method to quantify uncertainty about *R*~*t*~ that is readily applicable to other diseases and; (ii) *R*~*t*~ is used to inform a dynamic epidemic model with time-varying force of infection in order to gain insight into the attack ratio of each epidemic; (iii) we propose an estimation procedure for circulating serotype's *S*~0~ from aggregate case data, which is robust to epidemic sizes; (iv) AR estimates are provided for 18 years of Dengue epidemics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
[Figure 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"} shows the *R*~*t*~ series, according to Equation [1](#eq1){ref-type="disp-formula"} [@b16] along with the confidence bands derived in this paper. It can be seen that the inter-epidemic periods are characterized by *R*~*t*~ being indistinguishable from 1. Due to the intrinsic variability of the *R*~*t*~ series, the examination of its credible intervals is essential to identify periods of sustained transmission. The wider intervals between epidemics are due to the scarcity of cases during these periods. credibility intervals, and therefore offers protection against false alarms (see the section on tail behaviour in the [Appendix](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} for a detailed explanation).
A key epidemiological quantity is the attack ratio (AR) of an epidemic, a measure of morbidity and speed of spread which can be used to predict epidemic size and help efficient Public Health planning. The AR depends fundamentally on the population at risk, which in the case of dengue is every naive (to a particular serotype) individual in the population. Estimating the initial susceptible fraction *S*~0~ for each epidemic is thus central to the estimation of the AR. Methods for estimating the number of susceptibles have been proposed before, for other diseases[@b10][@b11]. These methods attempt to reconstruct the entire series of infectious and susceptibles for measles outbreaks from case data. In the case of dengue, the full (multi-year/multi-epidemic) series of susceptibles to all possible serotypes, cannot be reconstructed based solely on a deterministic transmission model, since the arrival/re-emergence of new serotypes (which are a stochastic events) can change drastically the pool of susceptibles throwing off any sequential estimation based on the incidence dynamics.
Since there is very limited information regarding the actual proportions of each virus in circulation and most information available is about the predominant serotypes for some epidemics in the period of study only[@b25], we propose the use of a simplified a single strain model. The main argument we put forward is that by conditioning on the *R*~*t*~ series, we implicitly take into account the variability introduced by the co-circulation of multiple serotypes and heterogeneous levels of immunity in the general population. We sought to deal with all important sources of uncertainty impinging on the estimation of the AR of a dengue epidemic, but not all could be satisfactorily addressed in this analysis. For instance, in any given epidemic there is a large number of mild and asymptomatic cases, which nevertheless acquire immunity. It is estimated that for every case reported, up to 10--20 are not seen by health authorities[@b26]. Another source of uncertainty is under-reporting of diagnosed cases, which is a serious issue in the health care systems of many developing countries such as Brazil. Duarte and França (2006)[@b27], estimated the sensitivity of Dengue reporting for hospitalized patients in Belo-Horizonte, Brazil to be of 63%, meaning that approximately 37% of the suspected Dengue cases go unreported. Lastly, demography and migrations affect the number of susceptible in ways which are not easy to fully determine.
[Figure 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}, shows the model from (10) fitted to the data. Despite its limitations, our simplified model fits the data well. In it we can see that the susceptibles series in each epidemic starts at the estimated level of *S*~0~. The proportion of susceptibles may seem low, but we must remember that these estimates are being affected by an unknown under-reporting factor, which experts suggest is somewhere between 5 and 10, i.e. for every case observed there are 5 or 10 unobserved. Since this under-reporting affects both the numerator and denominator of (13), its effects should cancel out, giving us an unbiased attack ratio estimate. One other possible source of bias which would lead to the underestimation of *S*~0~ could come from a significant part of the population not being exposed to the disease. However, as we can see in [Fig. 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}, despite the differences in intensity (incidence), the entire city seems to be at risk, with no particularly "protected" areas, at least in the last four epidemics.
[Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"} contains the attack ratios and medians of the *S*~0~ estimated for each epidemic/outbreak. Underreporting of cases, which is known to exist but of which exact figures cannot be determined, will lead to underestimation *S*~0~. However, the attack ratio shall remain unbiased as the underreporting affects both the numerator and the denominator of equation [13](#eq18){ref-type="disp-formula"}. It is interesting to notice that the larger epidemics, in terms of peak size are not the one with the greater attack ratios. This stresses the importance of knowing the immunological structure of the population. Knowing the *S*~0~ for the circulating viruses we can order to more accurately assess the potential impact of a coming epidemic, since particularly virulent types, can be rendered less of a threat by a low *S*~0~. Honório *et al.*[@b28] conducted a serological survey in three separate localities within the city, right before the 2008 epidemic, the authors report seroprevalences varying from 56--77.4% which is compatible with our prediction of 87.5% (1 − *S*~0,2007~) for the entire city, considering that we underestimate *S*~0~ due to the underreporting of cases.
We hope that the results presented in paper will motivate public health authorities to invest in annual serological surveys, to determine the susceptibility profile to each dengue virus as well as to estimate the under-reporting factor of the notification system.
Additional Information
======================
**How to cite this article**: Coelho, F. C. and Carvalho, L. M. d. Estimating the Attack Ratio of Dengue Epidemics under Time-varying Force of Infection using Aggregated Notification Data. *Sci. Rep.* **5**, 18455; doi: 10.1038/srep18455 (2015).
Supplementary Material {#S1}
======================
###### Supplementary Information
LMC is grateful to Dr. Leonardo Bastos for useful discussions on the posterior inference for *R*~*t*~. The authors are also grateful to Claudia T. Codeço for helpful discussions about the manuscript.
**Author Contributions** F.C.C. and L.M.C. wrote the main manuscript. L.M.C. and F.C.C. did the analyses. F.C.C. prepared the figures. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
{#f1}
{#f2}
{#f3}
###### Median attack ratio and 95% credibility intervals calculated according to (13).
^†^Year ^‡^Cases median Attack Ratio ^‡^*S*~0~ Circulating Serotypes
--------- ---------- ---------------------- -------------------- -----------------------
1996 0.066 0.39 (0.17--0.54) 0.171 (0.12--0.38) DEN-1 and 2[@b13]
1997 0.238 0.87 (0.74--0.87) 0.273 (0.27--0.32) DEN-1 and 2[@b13]
1998 0.0708 0.5 (0.49--0.5) 0.142 (0.14--0.14) DEN-1 and 2[@b13]
1999 0.0371 0.11 (0.037--0.2) 0.345 (0.18--1.0) DEN-1, 2 and 3[@b14]
2000 0.394 0.25 (0.24--0.27) 1.55 (1.5--1.6) DEN-1, 2 and 3[@b14]
2001 2.38 0.48 (0.47--0.49) 4.95 (4.8--5.1) DEN-1, 2 and 3[@b14]
2005 0.217 0.15 (0.1--0.21) 1.47 (1.0--2.1)
2006 0.315 0.11 (0.08--0.14) 2.81 (2.2--3.7) DEN-2[@b15]
2007 2.03 0.15 (0.15--0.15) 13.5 (13.0--14.01) DEN-2[@b15]
2008 0.0923 0.14 (0.031--0.31) 0.672 (0.3--2.4) DEN-2[@b15]
2010 0.831 0.18 (0.17--0.19) 4.54 (4.3--4.8) DEN-2[@b15]
2011 1.85 0.086 (0.082--0.094) 21.5 (20.0--23.0) DEN-1, 2 and 4[@b15]
2012 0.864 0.14 (0.13--0.15) 6.21 (5.8--6.8)
Values are presented as percentage of total population. ^†^Year corresponds to the start of the epidemic, but the peak of cases may occur in the following year. ^‡^percentage of population. These results show considerable variation in AR between epidemics, consistent with the accquiring and loss of serotype-specific immunity.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
PARIS — More than a million people joined over 40 presidents and prime ministers on the streets of Paris on Sunday in the most striking show of solidarity in the West against the threat of Islamic extremism since the Sept. 11 attacks.
Responding to terrorist strikes that killed 17 people in France and riveted worldwide attention, Jews, Muslims, Christians, atheists and people of all races, ages and political stripes swarmed central Paris beneath a bright blue sky, calling for peace and an end to violent extremism.
The Interior Ministry described the demonstration as the largest in modern French history, with as many as 1.6 million people. Many waved the tricolor French flag and brandished pens in raised fists to commemorate those killed Wednesday in an attack on the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, as well as four others killed at a Jewish supermarket on Friday. Thousands hoisted black and white signs bearing three words that have ricocheted through social media as a slogan of unity and defiance: “Je suis Charlie.”
The crowd included Pascale Trager-Lewis, 45, a lawyer, and her husband, Christian Chevalier, 45, who brought their two daughters because they wanted them to witness a historic event. “We came because my husband is an authentic French person; I am Jewish,” Ms. Trager-Lewis said. “My elder daughter’s godmother is a Muslim, and my closest friend almost became a nun. I came for the Jews who were killed, for the freedom of speech, for religious tolerance.” | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Distinctive inhibitory activity of docosahexaenoic acid against sphingosine-induced apoptosis.
The effect of supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the apoptosis of HL60 cells was examined using N-acetyl sphingosine (C2-ceramide) and sphingosine as apoptosis-inducing agents. Although C2-ceramide-induced apoptosis was not affected by DHA supplementation, sphingosine-induced apoptosis was reduced almost to the background level by preincubation with 10 microM DHA for 24 h. Among the fatty acids, only DHA appeared to be endowed with the ability to reduce sphingosine-induced apoptosis, whereas, other unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), did not show this activity. Incubation of HL60 with DHA within 6 h did not affect the apoptosis, suggesting that DHA probably expressed the inhibitory activity after modulation of the membrane fatty acid composition. DHA also attenuated the apoptosis induced by dimethylsphingosine and H-7, but not by calphostin C, indicating that enrichment of DHA in membranous phospholipid does not necessarily prevent all of the apoptosis associated with the inhibition of protein kinase C. The mechanism of the inhibition against sphingosine-induced apoptosis by DHA remains to be further explored. However, the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) may be involved in the mechanism, because distinctive inhibitory activity of DHA against cPLA2 has been demonstrated [M. Shikano, Y. Masuzawa, K. Yazawa, K. Takayama, I. Kudo, K. Inoue, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1212, 1994, 211-216], and arachidonyl trifluoromethylketone, a specific inhibitor of cPLA2, attenuated the apoptosis induced by sphingosine. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
---
exp_name: qm8_gat
exp_dir: exp/qm8_gat
runner: QM8Runner
use_gpu: true
gpus: [0]
seed: 1234
dataset:
loader_name: QM8Data
name: chemistry
data_path: data/QM8/preprocess
meta_data_path: data/QM8/QM8_meta.p
num_atom: 70
num_bond_type: 6
model:
name: GAT
input_dim: 64
hidden_dim: [16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16]
num_layer: 7
num_heads: [8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
output_dim: 16
dropout: 0.0
loss: MSE
train:
optimizer: Adam
lr_decay: 0.1
lr_decay_steps: [10000]
num_workers: 4
max_epoch: 200
batch_size: 64
display_iter: 100
snapshot_epoch: 10000
valid_epoch: 1
lr: 1.0e-4
wd: 0.0e-4
momentum: 0.9
shuffle: true
is_resume: false
resume_model: None
test:
batch_size: 64
num_workers: 0
test_model:
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an an apparatus for opening and closing a folding bed of an overlapping type.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There have been two types of conventional folding beds. An overlapping folding bed type in which a front panel attached to a bed body is superposed on a cabinet at the time of foldably containing the bed body therein, and the other being a recessed type of a folding bed in which a front panel is foldably contained inside a cabinet. In both types, it is preferable to have one front panel since a simple external appearance is obtained when the bed body is foldably contained i the cabinet.
In order to use one front panel in the folding bed of an overlapping type, there is known a means for separately providing the rotational shafts of a bed body and a front panel, means for providing the rotational shaft of a bed body at the lower portion of a front panel outside a cabinet, etc.
However, according to the former means, since the rotational shafts of the bed body and the front panel are different, the bed body and the front panel are deviated at a difference between the axes of both the rotational shafts.
On the other hand, according to the latter means, since the rotational shaft of the bed body is projected forward of the cabinet, there arises a problem that the bed body and a front panel rotating force energizing mechanism cannot be arranged with springs, etc., around the shaft.
There is know to eliminate the problems described above by a means for dividing a front panel into upper and lower panels, and utilizing the upper panel as a side panel at the time of using the bed body as a bed.
However, since both the upper and lower panels are coupled to the bed body via a link in this means, it is always cooperated with upon opening or closing of the bed body. Therefore, it cannot be used as a maintenance panel which can be freely opened or closed.
In order to eliminate the above problem, the following folding bed is already known.
In this folding bed, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a front panel is divided into an upper panel a and a lower panel b, the upper panel is fixed to a bed body d rotatably openably supported by a cabinet c, the lower panel b is clamped at the cabinet c with wooden screws, etc., (not shown), and the lower panel b can be removed for maintenance.
However, in the conventional folding bed as described above, since the lower panel b is always fixed to the cabinet c, a relief g for the lower panel b must be cut out at the frame e of the bed body d and the base of a mattress f as shown in FIG. 8. Further, when the bed body d is used as a bed, the upper surface of the mattress f becomes higher, and the bed body d is arranged at a place considerably spaced from a floor surface. As a result, folding legs h must be provided underneath the bed body d. Accordingly, when the bed body d is drawn out from the cabinet c or contained in the cabinet c, the legs h must be extended or retracted, or must be disposed in a containing state or state of use by means of rotation. Thus, the operation is not only complicated, but its aesthetic appearance is lessened.
In FIG. 9, a rotating force energizing mechanism i for the bed body d and the upper panel a is provided. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
“We need to go out and get investment and be able to get money and funding from both the government and private sector to turn this into reality,” says Glen Johnston, VP of Regulatory Affairs for GEVO INC. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
JetBrains Web UI components open-sourced
Posted on by
Please welcome Ring UI, an open-source library full of Web UI components!
Ring UI library gives you the power of complex UI controls that have been developed at JetBrains over the years. It contains over 50 React controls, ranging from simple links and buttons to sophisticated controls, such as Date Picker or Data List. This library is extensively used inside YouTrack, Hub, Upsource, and other products, and we are committed to developing and maintaining it for many years to come.
One example of how you might use Ring UI library would be to create custom widgets for your dashboard in Hub so that you can match the style of your favorite JetBrains user interfaces. Please follow the Quick Start Guide to explore the library.
Your feedback is really appreciated, so please share it with us in the comment section below or report bugs in our tracker.
We are thrilled to see what you will create using Ring UI! | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
Check database connectivity using Shell script
I am trying to write a shell script to check database connectivity. Within my script I am using the command
sqlplus uid/pwd@database-schemaname
to connect to my Oracle database.
Now I want to save the output generated by this command (before it drops to SQL prompt) in a temp file and then grep / find the string "Connected to" from that file to see if the connectivity is fine or not.
Can anyone please help me to catch the output and get out of that prompt and test whether connectivity is fine?
A:
Use a script like this:
#!/bin/sh
echo "exit" | sqlplus -L uid/pwd@dbname | grep Connected > /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "OK"
else
echo "NOT OK"
fi
echo "exit" assures that your program exits immediately (this gets piped to sqlplus).
-L assures that sqlplus won't ask for password if credentials are not ok (which would make it get stuck as well).
(> /dev/null just hides output from grep, which we don't need because the results are accessed via $? in this case)
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Population genetics of wood-feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus.
Members of the genus Cryptocercus are xylophagous, wingless, subsocial cockroaches that inhabit decaying logs in temperate forests. Given their winglessness, subsocial living, and the patchy distribution of food resources (decomposing logs), it is likely that Cryptocercus populations are substructured. Allozyme variation at eight polymorphic loci was assayed for 10 subpopulations of Cryptocercus darwini and 13 subpopulations of Cryptocercus wrighti, both of which are distributed in the Appalachian Mountains. The mean F(IS) was 0.13 and F(ST) was about 0.25 for both C. darwini and C. wrighti. The relatedness among individuals of a subpopulation of both species was not significantly different from that expected among full sibs. In terms of how genetic variation is partitioned, C. darwini and C. wrighti differed from each other substantially. Most of the genetic variation occurred among subpopulations of C. wrighti in the same region and among subpopulations of C. darwini in different regions. We discuss the factors that may have contributed to the observed similarities and differences in the breeding structure of the two species. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Migration of blood cells and phospholipid vesicles induced by concentration gradients in microcavities.
Microcavities provide a well-controlled flow-free microenvironment and play an important role in many microfluidic systems, for example as cell-culturing microchambers. Here we show that transient concentration gradients that emerge during diffusive exchange of solutes in microcavities induce passive migration (diffusiophoresis) of blood cells and synthetic phospholipid vesicles. The passive migration is observed in various concentration gradients comprising non-electrolytes and electrolytes, i.e., glucose, sucrose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium benzoate, and potassium sulfate. The results add to prior reports, where gradients of non-electrolytes and monovalent salts, produced by micropipette injection, did not induce a noticeable migration of vesicles. The migration distances measured depended on the solution and the cell or vesicle type, and were in the range of several tens of micrometers. The results show that diffusiophoresis of cells and vesicles is a notable phenomenon in a flow-free environment and has to be taken into account when an accurate spatiotemporal control of cells or vesicles in microcavities is required. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Enhancing vacuolar sucrose cleavage within the developing potato tuber has only minor effects on metabolism.
Modification of tuber carbohydrate metabolism by the tuber-specific expression of a yeast invertase targeted to the cytosol or apoplast has previously been demonstrated to have diverse effects on tuber growth and metabolism. In the current study, we generated plants exhibiting tuber-specific expression of the same enzyme targeted to the vacuole. Enzymatic analysis of the carbohydrate levels of the tuber revealed dramatic decreases in sucrose content coupled with large increases in the levels of glucose and hexose phosphates, but unaltered starch content in the transformants. Analysis of the key enzyme of glycolysis suggests that this pathway is down-regulated in the transformants. Despite these changes in metabolite pools and enzyme activity, few consistent changes could be observed in the estimated metabolic fluxes following incubation of isolated tuber discs in labelled glucose. The analysis of the relative levels of a wide range of metabolites using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling method revealed large changes in the levels of fructose and decreases in a range of other sugars, but very few changes in the contents of organic and amino acids. This metabolic profile is remarkably consistent with that obtained following expression of the invertase in the apoplastic compartment, providing circumstantial evidence for the endocytotic trafficking of sugars within potato tuber parenchyma. Finally, the results of this study are compared with those from other plant species and the relative roles of the vacuolar isoform of the enzyme are contrasted. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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