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[ "Herbert Rogge ( born November 7 , 1947 ) is a former West German handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics . In 1972 he was part of the West German team which finished sixth in the Olympic tournament . He played five matches and scored five goals .", "Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people.", "The 1972 Summer Olympics (German: \"Olympische Sommerspiele 1972\"), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11, 1972.", "International mostly means something (a company, language, or organization) involving more than a single country. The term international as a word means involvement of, interaction between or encompassing more than one nation, or generally beyond national boundaries. For example, international law, which is applied by more than one country and usually everywhere on Earth, and international language which is a language spoken by residents of more than one country.", "West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (or \"RFA\") in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as \"Germany\". This period is also referred to as the Bonn Republic (\"Bonner Republik\") by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic." ]

[ "british", "earth", "germany", "hamburg", "west germany" ]

[ "Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting \"tail\" (abdomen) (= short, = tail), usually entirely hidden under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws. Many other animals with similar names such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice are not true crabs.", "King crabs are a superfamily of crab-like decapod crustaceans chiefly found in cold seas. Because of their large size and the taste of their meat, many species are widely caught and sold as food, the most common being the red king crab (\"Paralithodes camtschaticus\").", "Raninoida is a taxonomic section of the crabs, containing a single superfamily, Raninoidea. This group of crabs is unlike most, with the abdomen not being folded under the thorax. It comprises 46 extant species, and nearly 200 species known only from fossils.", "Hermit crabs are decapod crustaceans of the superfamily Paguroidea.", "An exoskeleton (from Greek , \"éx\" \"outer\" and , \"skeletos\" \"skeleton\") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. In usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as \"shells\". Examples of animals with exoskeletons include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches, and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters. The shells of certain sponges and the various groups of shelled molluscs, including those of snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus, are also exoskeletons. Some animals, such as the tortoise, have both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton.", "The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds. While tails are primarily a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates including scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are sometimes referred to as tails. Tailed objects are sometimes referred to as \"caudate\" and the part of the body associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective \"caudal\".", "In some taxonomic systems, Podotremata is the smaller of the two sections making up the crabs (Brachyura). Morphological and molecular analyses do not reveal a monophyletic Podotremata, and so the most recent classifications divide \"Podotremata\" into three sections: Dromiacea, Cyclodorippoidea and Raninoida.", "The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear.", "Dromiacea is a group of crabs , ranked as a section . It contains 240 extant and nearly 300 extinct species . Where they are considered to form a monophyletic group , Dromiacea and two other groups of crabs , namely the Raninoida and Cyclodorippoidea , may be collected together into the Podotremata , each at the rank of subsection ; morphological and molecular evidence argue against such a grouping . The larvae of Dromiacea resemble those of the Anomura more closely than those of other crabs . This may simply reflect their basal position in the crab phylogeny . The fossil record of Dromiacea reaches back at least as far as the Jurassic , and , if Imocaris is indeed a member , into the Carboniferous . The superfamily Eocarcinoidea , containing Eocarcinus and Platykotta , was previously considered to be a member of the Dromiacea , but has since been transferred to the Anomura .", "Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods of the family Limulidae and order Xiphosura or Xiphosurida, that live primarily in and around shallow ocean waters on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. They occasionally come onto shore to mate. They are commonly used as bait and in fertilizer. In recent years, a decline in the population has occurred as a consequence of coastal habitat destruction in Japan and overharvesting along the east coast of North America. Tetrodotoxin may be present in the roe of species inhabiting the waters of Thailand. Because of their origin 450 million years ago (Mya), horseshoe crabs are considered living fossils.", "The thorax or chest (from the Greek \"thorax\" \"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain." ]

[ "animal", "brachyura", "hermit", "human", "insects", "king crab", "mya", "paralithodes", "thorax", "tortoise", "xiphosura" ]

[ "Master of Orion (\"MoO\" or \"MOO\") is a turn-based, 4X science fiction computer strategy game released in 1993 by MicroProse on the MS-DOS and Mac OS operating systems. The game is the first in its franchise, and the rights are now held by Wargaming.net. The player leads one of ten races to dominate the galaxy through a combination of diplomacy and conquest while developing technology, exploring and colonizing star systems.", "Lightspeed is a video game developed and released by MicroProse in 1990 . It features a space flight simulator game and action game elements with an emphasis on strategy and exploration . The box describes the title as an `` Interstellar Action and Adventure '' game . The game features space exploration , trade , combat and diplomacy in the same vein as 4X s such as Master of Orion . Lightspeed , unlike the popular series of turn - based strategy games , plays out in real - time . A sequel , entitled Hyperspeed , was released by MicroProse in 1991 . It was nearly identical to Lightspeed , except that it included two additional star clusters for veterans of the first game .", "A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that they have either developed internally or have had developed by a video game developer. As with book publishers or publishers of DVD movies, video game publishers are responsible for their product's manufacturing and marketing, including market research and all aspects of advertising.", "MS-DOS (; acronym for \"Microsoft Disk Operating System\") is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early 1990s, when it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system by Microsoft Corporation.", "MicroProse was an American video game publisher and developer founded by \"Wild\" Bill Stealey and Sid Meier in 1982 as MicroProse Software Inc. It developed and published numerous games, many of which are regarded as groundbreaking, classics and cult titles, including starting the \"Civilization\" and \"X-COM\" series. Most of their internally developed titles were vehicle simulation and strategy games." ]

[ "dos", "dvd", "microsoft windows", "pc", "windows" ]

[ "In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.", "iovo (pronounced ) is a small island located off the Adriatic coast in Croatia with an area of (length , width up to ), population of 5,908 inhabitants (2011) and its highest peak is 218 m (Rudine).", "The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian, coast. It is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of . The Otranto Sill, an underwater ridge, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from in summer to in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.", "Trogir (Ancient Greek: , \"Tragyrion\" or , \"Tragourion\" \"Trogkir\") is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 10,818 (2011) and a total municipality population of 13,260 (2011). The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of iovo. It lies west of the city of Split.", "A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.", "A castle (from ) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word \"castle\", but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. This is distinct from a palace, which is not fortified; from a fortress, which was not always a residence for nobility; and from a fortified settlement, which was a public defence  though there are many similarities among these types of construction. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses. Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built, they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls and arrowslits, were commonplace.", "Kamerlengo ( Gradina Kamerlengo ) is a castle and fortress in Trogir , Croatia . It was built by the Republic of Venice The castle was built in the mid- 15th century by Marin Radoj as part of an expansion of the Veriga Tower , built on the site in the late 14th century . It is used as a location for performances during the summer months . The word kamerlengo ( Italian : camerlengo ) refers to the title of a Venetian administrative official ( a chamberlain ) .", "Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as \"lo Stivale\" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is \"Middle-Eastern\" and the derived noun is \"Middle-Easterner\". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.", "Venice (; ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 117 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges. These are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site.", "Croats are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea. Croats mainly live in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but are an officially recognized minority in Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout Europe (especially Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Italy) and the Americas (particularly the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Chile), establishing a diaspora.", "A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.", "The Republic of Venice, or traditionally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice, was a state originating from the lagoon communities in the area of Venice, now northeastern Italy. It existed from the late seventh century AD until 1797. Although it had a long history of war and conquest, the republic's modern reputation is chiefly based on its status as an economic and trading power.", "An arrowslit (often also referred to as an arrow loop, loophole or loop hole, and sometimes a balistraria) is a thin vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.", "A mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is the climate typical of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. The lands around the Mediterranean Sea form the largest area where this climate type is found, but it also is found in most of coastal California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, sections of Central Asia, and in central Chile.", "Split-Dalmatia County is the central-southern Dalmatian county in Croatia. The administrative center is Split. The population of the county is 455,242 (2011). The land area is 4540 km.", "Most Serene Republic (\"Serenissima Respublica\" in Latin) is a title attached to a number of European states through history. By custom, the appellation \"Most Serene\" is an indicator of sovereignty (see also Serene Highness or Most Serene Highness for a sovereign prince); consequently \"Most Serene Republic\" emphasizes the sovereignty of the republic.", "\"Country House\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album \"The Great Escape\" on 14 August 1995. \"Country House\" was the first of two Blur singles to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart (the second being 1997's \"Beetlebum\").", "Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is located in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. In the last official census of 2011 the population of the City of Zagreb was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,237,887. It is the biggest metropolitan area in Croatia, and the only one with a population of over one million." ]

[ "archer", "arctic ocean", "arm", "arrow", "atlantic ocean", "august", "back", "castle", "catholicism", "caucasus mountains", "center", "central asia", "central europe", "city", "country", "discovery", "empire", "english", "eurasia", "europe", "fortification", "fortress", "government", "head", "heart", "historic city of trogir", "history", "house", "international law", "lead", "loop", "mediterranean sea", "middle ages", "middle east", "municipality", "part", "population", "rock", "sea", "settlement", "song", "state", "summer", "the middle", "the republic", "venice", "war" ]

[ "The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by their religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or common interest in a particular personality, object or goal. The term itself is controversial and has divergent definitions in popular culture and in academia and has been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. In the sociological classifications of religious movements, a cult is a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices, although this is often unclear. Other researchers present a less-organized picture of cults on the basis that cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices. The word \"cult\" has always been controversial because it is (in a pejorative sense) considered a subjective term, used as an \"ad hominem\" attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices. Cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions.", "The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or \"shelf\") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word \"republic\" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word \"republic\" in their names.", "Olivier Grouillard ( born 2 September 1958 in Fenouillet ) is a racing driver from France . He started racing go - karts from the age of fourteen competing in events such as the Volant Elf . He progressed to Formula Renault winning the title before Grouillard competed in F3000 from 1985 to 1988 taking two wins . He also participated in the Birmingham Superprix but did not start the race . In 1989 , Grouillard joined the Ligier Formula One team before joining the Osella team for 1990 and 1991 when the team was renamed Fondmetal . His last season came in 1992 , when Grouillard drove for Tyrrell . He left the sport following the year without receiving offers for a drive in 1993 . After leaving Formula One , Grouillard raced in the CART PPG World Series , competing in the Indianapolis 500 for which he did not qualify but showed consistency . Grouillard became well known for driving in Sports Cars between 1994 and 2001 having success . During his time in Sports Cars , he raced in the BPR Global GT Series , the FIA GT Championship , the Daytona 24 Hours , the Le Mans 24 Hours and the American Le Mans Series . He retired from motorsport at the end of 2001 .", "Groupe Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles.", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.", "Lyon or (more archaically) Lyons (or ) is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about from Paris and from Marseille. Inhabitants of the city are called \"Lyonnais\".", "Formula Three, also called Formula 3 or F3, is a class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers. Formula Three has traditionally been regarded as the first major stepping stone for F1 hopefuls it is typically the first point in a driver's career at which most drivers in the series are aiming at professional careers in racing rather than being amateurs and enthusiasts. F3 is not cheap, but is regarded as a key investment in a young driver's future career. Success in F3 can lead directly to higher formula series such as a GP2 seat, or even a Formula One test or race seat.", "Toulouse is the capital city of the southwestern French department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region. The city lies on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean, and from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France with 466,297 inhabitants in January 2014. \nThe Toulouse Metro area is, with 1 312 304 inhabitants as of 2014, France's 4th metropolitan area after Paris, Lyon and Marseille and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.", "French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.", "The English Channel (\"the Sleeve\" [hence ] \"Sea of Brittany\" \"British Sea\"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.", "Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: \"\") is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.", "Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.", "Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.", "Lille is a city in northern France, in French Flanders. On the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region and the prefecture of the Nord department.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "Formula Renault is a class of formula racing founded in 1971, popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it is a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to Formula Three, World Series by Renault, GP2 or Formula One.", "Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950, although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983. The \"formula\", designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, to which all participants' cars must conform. The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as \"Grands Prix\" (from French, meaning grand prizes), held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads.", "Formula racing is any of several forms of open-wheeled single-seater motorsport. The origin of the term lies in the nomenclature that was adopted by the FIA for all of its post-World War II single-seater regulations, or formulae. The best known of these formulae are Formula One, Two, Three and Four. Common usage of \"formula racing\" encompasses other single-seater series, including the GP2 Series, which replaced Formula 3000 (which had itself been the effective replacement for Formula Two).", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the \nSwiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. \nThe largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about ." ]

[ "anatolia", "atlantic ocean", "austria", "auvergne", "belgium", "best", "bordeaux", "brittany", "canton", "cayenne", "central", "centre", "cologne", "england", "estonia", "finland", "france", "french guiana", "german", "germany", "great britain", "greece", "ii", "ireland", "italy", "liechtenstein", "lille", "lyon", "lyons", "malta", "most", "nice", "nord", "north africa", "north sea", "of", "overland", "pacific", "paris", "provence", "republic", "scandinavia", "south america", "southeast", "suriname", "toulouse", "young" ]

[ "The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II and the Cold War. Post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current campus opened in 1916 and extends over along the northern bank of the Charles River basin.", "Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.", "Marcus Thompson (born 1946) is a violist and viola d'amore player known for his work as a recitalist, orchestral soloist, chamber musician, recording artist and educator.\nThompson is a founding member and is currently Artistic Director of the Boston Chamber Music Society, and is Institute Professor at MIT and a faculty member at the New England Conservatory of Music.", "The Master of Music (M.M. or M.Mus.) is, as an academic title, the first graduate degree in Music awarded by universities and music conservatories. The M.Mus. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. The M.Mus. is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.", "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.", "Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, as well as its surrounding areas. The region forms the northern arc of the U.S. northeast megalopolis and as such, Greater Boston can be described as either a metropolitan statistical area (MSA), or as a broader combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts, excluding the South Coast region and Cape Cod; while the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Manchester (the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire), Providence (the capital of the U.S. state of Rhode Island), Worcester, Massachusetts (the second largest city in New England), as well as the South Coast region and Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Greater Boston's most impactful contributions to human civilization involve the region's higher education institutions and sports culture. Greater Boston also constitutes a region influential upon American history and industry. The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.", "Lynn Chang ( Chinese : ; pinyin : Zhng Wànjn ) ( born 1953 ) is a Chinese American violinist known for his work as both a soloist and a chamber musician . Chang is a founding member of the Boston Chamber Music Society and is currently a faculty member at MIT , Boston University , the Boston Conservatory , and the New England Conservatory of Music .", "Bachelor of Music is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of program of study in music. In the United States, it is a professional degree, and the majority of work consists of prescribed music courses and study in applied music, usually requiring proficiency in performing an instrument, voice, or conducting. In Canada, the B.Mus. is often considered an undergraduate degree. Programs typically last from three to four and a half years.", "The Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, also known as CRLS or \"Rindge,\" is a public high school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is a part of the Cambridge Public School District.", "The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) in Boston, Massachusetts, is the oldest independent school of music in the United States, and it is widely recognized as one of the country's most reputable music schools. NEC is especially known for its strings, woodwinds, and brass departments, and its prestigious chamber music program.", "ArtsBoston is a not-for-profit corporation assisting the performing arts industry in Boston, MA. Since its founding in 1975, ArtsBoston has been one of the nation's largest performing arts non-profits, second only to New York City's Theatre Development Fund.", "Boston University (most commonly referred to as BU or otherwise known as Boston U.) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, and is historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church.", "A Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA, B.F.A.) is the standard undergraduate degree for students in the United States and Canada seeking a professional education in the visual or performing arts.", "Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city proper covers with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States.", "The Boston Conservatory is a performing arts conservatory located in the Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in music, dance and theater. The Conservatory offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Music, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Music degrees, as well as Graduate Performance Diplomas, Artist Diplomas and Professional Studies Certificates. The Boston Conservatory was founded in 1867. ", "The Boston Chamber Music Society (BCMS) is an American organization of musicians located in Boston, Massachusetts and dedicated to the performance and promotion of chamber music. The organization performs works from the Baroque era to the present day and is a member of Chamber Music America and ArtsBoston. BCMS' website states that it is \"New Englands preeminent chamber music society and presents the most extensive and longest-running concert series in the region\". BCMS currently offers 8 concerts throughout the year at Harvard University's Sanders Theatre and at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School's Fitzgerald Theatre. Each spring BCMS also hosts an annual chamber music workshop for mixed ensembles at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The organization is led by artistic director Marcus Thompson and managing director Wen Huang.", "New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north, respectively. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Boston is its largest city. Its largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence (the capital and largest city of Rhode Island), with nearly a third of the entire region's population." ]

[ "boston conservatory", "boston university", "canada", "capital", "harvard university", "massachusetts institute of technology", "new england conservatory", "new york", "new york city", "professor", "school", "the atlantic", "the nation", "time" ]

[ "Kwok Tak-Seng (1911 October 1990) was a Chinese entrepreneur and the founder of Sun Hung Kai Properties, the largest property developer in Hong Kong.", "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.", "Kwong Siu Hing ( born 1929 in Huadu , Guangzhou , Guangdong ) , is the matriarch of the Kwok family , ranked third richest in Hong Kong . She controls Sun Hung Kai Properties , the largest property developer in Hong Kong . She is the wife of the late Kwok Tak - Seng , the founder of the company , and the mother of Walter , Thomas and Raymond . On 27 May 2008 , Kwong replaced her son Walter when he was ousted as chairman of the company , and stepped down from the position in late 2011 . Kwong effectively controls about 41.53 % of SHK Properties ' shares through a trust fund , so she is the largest shareholder of the company .", "Guangdong (Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population increase since the census has been modest, the province at 2014 end had 107,240,000 people.", "Guangzhou , traditionally romanised as Canton, is the capital and largest city of the Province of Guangdong in southeastern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kong and north of Macau, Guangzhou was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub." ]

[ "accounting", "entrepreneur", "founder", "major", "sovereign" ]

[ "The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (called \"Niedersachsen\" (Lower Saxony) between the 14th and 17th centuries), was a \"reichsfrei\" duchy that existed 12961803 and 18141876 in the extreme southeast region of what is now Schleswig-Holstein. Its territorial center was in the modern district of Herzogtum Lauenburg and originally its eponymous capital was Lauenburg upon Elbe, though in 1619 the capital moved to Ratzeburg.", "Bogislaw X of Pomerania, \"the Great\", (3 June 1454 5 October 1523) was Duke of Pomerania from 1474 until his death in 1523.", "Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig. Its capital city is Kiel; other notable cities are Lübeck and Flensburg.", "Pomerania-Stolp was one of the partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania. Centered in Supsk, it was created from another partition of the Duchy of Pomerania, Pomerania-Wolgast, to satisfy Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania in 1368, and existed until 1459, when it was inherited by Eric II of Pomerania-Wolgast. In 1474, it was merged to the partition of Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania, who four years later became the sole duke of Pomerania.", "Lower Saxony is a German state (\"Bundesland\") situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with , and fourth in population (8 million) among the sixteen \"Länder\" of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.", "The Duchy of Pomerania (, 12th century 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (\"Griffins\").", "John V of Saxe - Lauenburg ( also numbered John IV ; 18 July 1439 -- 15 August 1507 ) was the eldest son of Duke Bernard II of Saxe - Lauenburg and Adelheid of Pomerania - Stolp ( * 1410 -- after 1445 * ) , daughter of Duke Bogislaus VIII of Pomerania - Stolp . He succeeded his father in 1463 as duke of Saxe - Lauenburg .", "The Elbe (; Low German: \"Elv\") is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (Czech Republic), then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, northwest of Hamburg. Its total length is .", "Ratzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakesthe resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the \"Kreis\" (district) of Lauenburg.", "Supsk (also known by several alternative names) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Before 1 January 1999, it was the capital of the separate Supsk Voivodeship. It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania.", "Bogislaw V (c. 1318 23 April 1374) was a Duke of Pomerania.", "Herzogtum Lauenburg is the southernmost \"Kreis\", or district, of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bordered by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Stormarn, the city of Lübeck, the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (districts of Nordwestmecklenburg and Ludwigslust-Parchim), the state of Lower Saxony (districts of Lüneburg and Harburg), and the city state of Hamburg. The district of Herzogtum Lauenburg is named after the former Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg.", "The Duchy of Pomerania was partitioned several times to satisfy the claims of the male members of the ruling House of Pomerania dynasty. The partitions were named after the ducal residences: Pomerania-Barth, -Demmin, -Rügenwalde, -Stettin, -Stolp, and -Wolgast. None of the partitions had a hereditary character, the members of the House of Pomerania inherited the duchy in common. The duchy thus continued to exist as a whole despite its division. The only exception was made during a war with the Margraviate of Brandenburg, when in 1338 Barnim III of Pomerania-Stettin was granted his partition as a fief directly from the Holy Roman Emperor, while Pomerania-Wolgast remained under formal Brandenburgian overlordship. However, already in 1348, German king and later emperor Charles IV again granted the Duchy of Pomerania as a whole and the Principality of Rügen as a fief to the dukes of both Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast, nullifying Brandenburg's claims by granting Imperial immediacy." ]

[ "baltic sea", "central", "czech republic", "demmin", "flensburg", "germany", "hamburg", "harburg", "imperial", "ludwigslust", "lübeck", "mecklenburg", "parchim", "poland", "pomerania", "ratzeburg", "schleswig", "sea", "słupsk", "wolgast" ]

[ "Spiritualism is the belief that the spirits of the dead have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living. The afterlife, or the \"spirit world\", is seen by spiritualists, not as a static place, but as one in which spirits continue to evolve. These two beliefs: that contact with spirits is possible, and that spirits are more advanced than humans, lead spiritualists to a third belief, that spirits are capable of providing useful knowledge about moral and ethical issues, as well as about the nature of God. Some spiritualists will speak of a concept which they refer to as \"spirit guides\"specific spirits, often contacted, who are relied upon for spiritual guidance. Spiritism, a branch of spiritualism developed by Allan Kardec and today practiced mostly in Continental Europe and Latin America, especially in Brazil, emphasizes reincarnation.", "The New Age is a term applied to a range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices that developed in Western nations during the 1970s. Precise scholarly definitions of the movement differ in their emphasis, largely as a result of its highly eclectic structure. Although analytically often considered to be religious, those involved in it typically prefer the designation of \"spiritual\" and rarely use the term \"New Age\" themselves. Many scholars of the subject refer to it as the New Age movement, although others contest this term, believing that it gives a false sense of homogeneity to the phenomenon.\nAs a form of Western esotericism, the New Age movement drew heavily upon a number of older esoteric traditions, in particular those that emerged from the occultist current that developed in the eighteenth century. Such prominent occult influences include the work of Emanuel Swedenborg and Franz Mesmer, as well as the ideas of Spiritualism, New Thought, and the Theosophical Society. A number of mid-twentieth century influences, such as the UFO religions of the 1950s, the Counterculture of the 1960s, and the Human Potential Movement, also exerted a strong influence on the early development of the New Age movement. Although the exact origins of the movement remain contested, it is agreed that it developed in the 1970s, at which time it was centred largely in the United Kingdom. It expanded and grew largely in the 1980s and 1990s, in particular within the United States.\nDespite its highly eclectic nature, a number of beliefs commonly found within the New Age movement have been identified. Theologically, the movement typically adopts a belief in a holistic form of divinity which imbues all of the universe, including human beings themselves. There is thus a strong emphasis on the spiritual authority of the self. This is accompanied by a common belief in a wide variety of semi-divine non-human entities, such as angels and masters, with whom humans can communicate, particularly through the form of channeling. Typically viewing human history as being divided into a series of distinct ages, a common New Age belief is that whereas once humanity lived in an age of great technological advancement and spiritual wisdom, it has entered a period of spiritual degeneracy, which will be remedied through the establishment of a coming Age of Aquarius, from which the movement gets its name. There is also a strong focus on healing, particularly using forms of alternative medicine, and an emphasis on a \"New Age science\" which seeks to unite science and spirituality.\nThose involved in the New Age movement have been primarily from middle and upper-middle-class backgrounds. The degree to which New Agers are involved in the movement varied considerably, from those who adopted a number of New Age ideas and practices to those who fully embraced and dedicated their lives to it. The movement has generated criticism from established Christian organisations as well as contemporary Pagan and indigenous communities. From the 1990s onward, the movement became the subject of research by academic scholars of religious studies.", "The New Age was a British literary magazine, noted for its wide influence under the editorship of A. R. Orage from 1907 to 1922. It began life in 1894 as a publication of the Christian Socialist movement; but in 1907 as a radical weekly edited by Joseph Clayton, it was struggling. In May of that year, Alfred Orage and Holbrook Jackson, who had been running the Leeds Arts Club, took over the journal with financial help from George Bernard Shaw. Jackson acted as co-editor only for the first year, after which Orage edited it alone until he sold it in 1922. By that time his interests had moved towards mysticism, and the quality and circulation of the journal had declined. According to a Brown University press release, \"\"The New Age\" helped to shape modernism in literature and the arts from 1907 to 1922\". It ceased publication in 1938. Orage was also associated with \"The New English Weekly\" (193249) as editor during its first two years of operation (Philip Mairet took over at his death in 1934).", "Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg on 29 January 1688; died 29 March 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, theologian, revelator, and mystic. He is best known for his book on the afterlife, \"Heaven and Hell\" (1758).", "Elizabeth Clare Prophet ( née : Wulf ) ( April 8 , 1939 -- October 15 , 2009 ) was an American New Age minister and religious figure , self - proclaimed prophet , author , orator , and writer . In 1963 she married Mark L. Prophet , who five years earlier , in 1958 , had founded The Summit Lighthouse . Mark and Elizabeth had four children . Elizabeth , just 33 years of age at the time of husband Mark 's death on February 26 , 1973 , assumed control of The Summit Lighthouse at that time . In 1975 , Prophet founded Church Universal and Triumphant , which became the umbrella organization for the movement , and which she expanded worldwide . Prophet controversially called on her members in the late 1980s to prepare for the possibility of nuclear war at the turn of the decade , encouraging them to construct fallout shelters . In 1996 , Prophet handed day - to - day operational control of her organization to a president and board of directors , maintaining her role as spiritual leader until her retirement due to health reasons in 1999 . During the 1980s and 1990s , Prophet appeared on Larry King Live , Donahue and Nightline , among other television programs . Earlier media appearances included a feature in 1977 in `` The Man Who Would Not Die , '' an episode of NBC 's In Search Of ... series . She was also featured in 1994 on NBC 's Ancient Prophecies .", "Franz Friedrich Anton Mesmer (May 23, 1734 March 5, 1815) was a German physician with an interest in astronomy, who theorised that there was a natural energetic transference that occurred between all animated and inanimate objects that he called animal magnetism, sometimes later referred to as \"mesmerism\". The theory attracted a wide following between about 1780 and 1850, and continued to have some influence until the end of the century. In 1843 the Scottish physician James Braid proposed the term hypnosis for a technique derived from animal magnetism; today this is the usual meaning of \"mesmerism\"." ]

[ "english", "german", "latin", "swedish" ]

[ "Guam (or ; Chamorro: ; formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of and a population density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at above sea level.", "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.", "The islands were named after Queen Mariana by Spaniards, who first arrived in the early 16th century and who eventually annexed and colonized the archipelago. The indigenous inhabitants are the Chamorro people. Archaeologists in 2013 reported findings which indicated the people who first settled the Marianas arrived there after making what was at that time the longest uninterrupted ocean voyage in human history. They further reported findings which suggested that Tinian is likely to have been the first island in Oceania to have been settled by humans.", "Hurao was a Chamorro chief on the island of Guam who led the resistance against Spanish colonization efforts during the 17th century . The chief 's name means `` emotion , caring , attention , heed '' . Hurao may be best remembered for his 1671 speech to Chamorro warriors opposing the Spanish presence on Guam . He organized a 40 - day siege of the Spanish Mission in Agana that was finally broken by Spanish soldiers . Hurao was captured , but released by Father San Vitores . According to Russell 's account of Father San Vitores ' death , however , Hurao was in fact an accomplice to Matapang 's 1672 murder of the priest . Hurao was a member of the Matao / Chamorri , the highest caste in Chamorro society and held the title maga'lahi ." ]

[ "asia", "chamorro", "chamorro people", "spaniards" ]

[ "Tomáš Enge (born 11 September 1976) is a professional racing driver from the Czech Republic, who has competed in many classes of motorsport, including three races in Formula One.", "Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing or automobile racing) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. ", "The Jordan 199 was the car with which the Jordan Formula One team used to compete in the 1999 Formula One season . It was driven by 1996 World Champion Damon Hill , who had won the team 's first Grand Prix in Belgium the previous season , and Heinz - Harald Frentzen , who was swapped with Williams in favour of Ralf Schumacher . The car was also driven by test drivers Tomáš Enge and Shinji Nakano . It was designed by technical director Mike Gascoyne and his assistant Tim Holloway . The 199 proved to be Jordan 's most successful car in its fifteen - year history , scoring two wins , a pole position and third place in the Constructors ' Championship . Frentzen also had a realistic shot of winning the Drivers ' Championship , in what would prove to be his most successful season as well . For Hill the year was not so good . Comprehensively out - performed throughout the season by Frentzen , he decided to retire during the course of the year and could only score seven points towards the team 's eventual tally of 61 . The car used a mid-mounted , naturally aspirated Mugen - Honda MF - 301HD 3.0 L V10 engine , Elf fuel and oil , Penske shock absorbers , Brembo carbon disc brakes , Bridgestone tyres and their own six - speed sequential semi-automatic gearbox .", "The 1999 Formula One season was the 50th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1999 FIA Formula One World Championship, which commenced on 7 March and ended on 31 October after sixteen races.", "Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950, although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983. The \"formula\", designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, to which all participants' cars must conform. The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as \"Grands Prix\" (from French, meaning grand prizes), held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads.", "Nico Erik Rosberg (born 27 June 1985) is a German former Formula One racing driver and current Formula One World Champion who drove for Williams F1 and Mercedes AMG Petronas under the German flag. Born in Germany to Finnish former world champion Keke Rosberg and his German wife Sina, he holds dual nationality, and briefly competed for Finland early in his racing career. Although reported to be fluent in five languages, he does not speak Finnish.", "Heinz-Harald Frentzen (born 18 May 1967), nicknamed \"HHF\", is a German former racing driver. He finished runner-up in the 1997 Formula One World Drivers' Championship, driving for Williams.", "Norman Graham Hill (15 February 1929 29 November 1975) was a British racing driver and team owner from England, who was twice Formula One World Champion. He is the only driver ever to win the Triple Crown of Motorsportthe 24 Hours of Le Mans, Indianapolis 500 and either the Monaco Grand Prix or the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. He also appeared on TV in the 1970s on a variety of non sporting programmes including panel games. He liked painting in his spare time.", "The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA, English: International Automobile Federation) is an association established as the \"Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus\" (AIACR, English: 'International Association of Recognized Automobile Clubs') on 20 June 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users. To the general public, the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for many auto racing events. The FIA also promotes road safety around the world.", "Ralf Schumacher (born 30 June 1975) is a German former racing driver. He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races.", "Michael \"Mike\" Gascoyne (born 2 April 1963) is a British Formula One designer and engineer.", "Michael Schumacher (born 3 January 1969) is a German retired racing driver. He is a seven-time Formula One World Champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year twice. He won two titles with Benetton in and before moving to Ferrari where he drove for eleven years. His time with Ferrari yielded five consecutive titles between and .", "The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter the Formula One championship. Formula Two had become too expensive, and was dominated by works-run cars with factory engines; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker, cheaper, more open racing. The series began as an open specification, then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards, followed by engines and chassis in 1996. The series ran annually until 2004, and was replaced in 2005 by the GP2 Series.", "Damon Graham Devereux Hill, (born 17 September 1960) is a British former racing driver. He is the son of Graham Hill, and, along with Nico Rosberg, one of only two sons of a Formula One world champion to win the title. He started racing on motorbikes in 1981, and after minor success moved on to single-seater racing cars. But although he progressed steadily up the ranks to the International Formula 3000 championship by 1989, and was often competitive, he never won a race at that level." ]

[ "auto racing", "formula one", "motorsport", "sport" ]

[ "Aeschylus (or ; \"Aiskhulos\" c. 525/524 c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Academics' knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in theater allowing conflict among them; characters previously had interacted only with the chorus.", "Aristotle (\"Aristotéls\"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.", "Ion of Chios ( / an / ; Greek : ; c. 490/480 -- c. 420 BC ) was a Greek writer , dramatist , lyric poet and philosopher . He was a contemporary of Aeschylus , Euripides and Sophocles . Of his many plays and poems only a few titles and fragments have survived . He also wrote some prose works , including a Pythagorean text , the Triagmos , of which a few fragments survive .", "The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508322 BC) was the major urban center of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.", "Sophocles (\"Sophokls\", ; 497/6 winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: \"Ajax\", \"Antigone\", \"The Women of Trachis\", \"Oedipus the King\", \"Electra\", \"Philoctetes\" and \"Oedipus at Colonus\". For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 18, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 14 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 5 competitions.", "Menander (\"Menandros\"; c. 342/41 c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He wrote 108 comedies and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown but may well have been similarly spectacular.", "In Greek mythology, Antigone is the daughter/sister of Oedipus and his mother, Jocasta. The meaning of the name is, as in the case of the masculine equivalent Antigonus, \"worthy of one's parents\" or \"in place of one's parents\".", "Demosthenes (\"Dmosthéns\" 384 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.", "Philoctetes (\"Philoktts\"; English pronunciation: , stressed on the third syllable, \"-tet-\"), or Philocthetes, according to Greek mythology, was the son of King Poeas of Meliboea in Thessaly. He was a Greek hero, famed as an archer, and a participant in the Trojan War.", "Oedipus (or or ; \"Oidípous\" meaning \"swollen foot\") was a mythical Greek king of Thebes. A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus accidentally fulfilled a prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother, thereby bringing disaster to his city and family.", "Euripides (or ; ) (c. 480 c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the \"Suda\" it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there has been debate about his authorship of \"Rhesus\", largely on stylistic grounds) and there are also fragments, some substantial, of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander.", "In Greek mythology, Electra (\"lektra\") was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon.", "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "The Suda or Souda is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Suidas. It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers. The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word \"souda\", meaning \"fortress\" or \"stronghold,\" with the alternate name, \"Suidas\", stemming from an error made by Eustathius, who mistook the title for the author's name.", "Homer (, \"Hómros\") is the name ascribed by the Ancient Greeks to the semi-legendary author of the two epic poems, the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\", the central works of Greek literature. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. The modern scholarly consensus is that these traditions do not have any historical value." ]

[ "greece", "greek", "greeks" ]

[ "Bay Village is a city located west of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 15,651 at the 2010 census. Bay Village is located in Ohio's 9th congressional district.", "A chemist (from Greek chm (ía) alchemy + -ist; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, reaction rates, and other chemical properties. The word 'chemist' is also used to address Pharmacists in Commonwealth English.", "Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. When a government harms a person without following the exact course of the law, this constitutes a due process violation, which offends the rule of law.", "Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Egypt and Asia. It aimed to purify, mature, and perfect certain objects. Common aims were chrysopoeia, the transmutation of \"base metals\" (e.g., lead) into \"noble\" ones (particularly gold); the creation of an elixir of immortality; the creation of panaceas able to cure any disease; and the development of an alkahest, a universal solvent. The perfection of the human body and soul was thought to permit or result from the alchemical magnum opus and, in the Hellenistic and western tradition, the achievement of gnosis. In Europe, the creation of a philosopher's stone was variously connected with all of these projects.", "The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is a society for forensics professionals, founded in 1948. The society is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.", "Paul Leland Kirk ( May 9 , 1902 -- June 5 , 1970 ) was a chemist , forensic scientist and participant in the Manhattan Project who was specialized in microscopy . He also investigated the bedroom in which Sam Sheppard supposedly murdered his wife and provided the key blood spatter evidence that led to his acquittal in a retrial over 12 years after the murder . The highest honor one can receive in the criminalistics section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences carries Kirk 's name .", "Colorado is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,456,574 on July 1, 2015, an increase of 8.50% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges, courts, and similar tribunals, stated in decisions that nominally decide individual cases but that in addition have precedential effect on future cases. Common law is a third branch of law, in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process, and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch. In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision (a principle known as \"stare decisis\"). If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (called a \"matter of first impression\"), judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue (one party or the other has to win, and on disagreements of law, judges make that decision). Resolution of the issue in one case becomes precedent that binds future courts. \"Stare decisis\", the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems.", "A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge. However, in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the term \"molecule\" is often used less strictly, also being applied to polyatomic ions.", "Ohio is an Eastern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.", "Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is a killing committed in the absence of \"malice\", brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. \"Involuntary\" manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent (\"mens rea\"), recklessness.", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "Tube Alloys was a codename of the clandestine research and development programme, authorised by the United Kingdom, with participation from Canada, to develop nuclear weapons during the Second World War. Starting before the Manhattan Project in the United States, the British efforts were kept classified and as such had to be referred to by code even within the highest circles of government.", "A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion (thermonuclear weapon). Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission (\"atomic\") bomb released the same amount of energy as approximately . The first thermonuclear (\"hydrogen\") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately .", "The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; \"Manhattan\" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $ in 2017 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and producing the fissile materials, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada.", "Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.", "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. SPM was founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. The first successful scanning tunneling microscope experiment was done by Binnig and Rohrer. The key to their success was using a feedback loop to regulate gap distance between the sample and the probe.", "Samuel Holmes \"Sam\" Sheppard, D.O. ( ) was a Bay Village, Ohio neurosurgeon initially convicted for the 1954 murder of his wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard. The case was highly controversial from the beginning, with extensive and prolonged nationwide media coverage. The U.S. Supreme Court determined that the \"carnival atmosphere\" surrounding Sheppard's first trial had made due process impossible; after ten years in prison he was acquitted at a second trial.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. (17 August 1896 13 July 1970) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project, a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II. As the son of a United States Army chaplain, Groves lived at a number of Army posts during his childhood. He graduated fourth in his class at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1918 and was commissioned into the US Army Corps of Engineers. In 1929, he went to Nicaragua as part of an expedition whose purpose was to conduct a survey for the Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal. Following the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake, Groves took over responsibility for Managua's water supply system, for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit. He attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1935 and 1936, and the Army War College in 1938 and 1939, after which he was posted to the War Department General Staff.", "Nolle prosequi is legal term of art and a Latin legal phrase meaning \"be unwilling to pursue\", a phrase amounting to \"do not prosecute\". It is a phrase used in many common law criminal prosecution contexts to describe a prosecutor's decision to voluntarily discontinue criminal charges either before trial or before a verdict is rendered. It contrasts with an involuntary dismissal.", "A microscope (from the , \"mikrós\", \"small\" and , \"skopeîn\", \"to look\" or \"see\") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.", "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of \"total war\", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.", "In law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge. In a bench trial, the judge's decision near the end of the trial is simply referred to as a finding. In England and Wales, a coroner's findings are called verdicts (see Coroner#Verdict).", "Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. As the wartime head of the Los Alamos Laboratory, Oppenheimer is among those who are called the \"father of the atomic bomb\" for their role in the Manhattan Project, the World War II project that developed the first nuclear weapons used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico; Oppenheimer remarked later that it brought to mind words from the \"Bhagavad Gita\": \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\"", "Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry includes topics such as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms form chemical bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces that give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances.", "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care. Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.", "An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale).", "In the common law tradition, an acquittal formally certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as the criminal law is concerned. This is so even where the prosecution is abandoned \"nolle prosequi\". The finality of an acquittal is dependent on the jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, under the rules of double jeopardy and \"autrefois acquit\", an acquittal operates to bar the retrial of the accused for the same offense, even if new evidence surfaces that further implicates the accused. The effect of an acquittal on criminal proceedings is the same whether it results from a jury verdict, or whether it results from the operation of some other rule that discharges the accused. In other countries, the prosecuting authority may appeal an acquittal similar to how a defendant may appeal a conviction.", "A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment. Modern juries tend to be found in courts to ascertain the guilt, or lack thereof, in a crime. In Anglophone jurisdictions, the verdict may be \"guilty\" or \"not guilty\" (\"not proven\"; a verdict of acquittal, based on the state's failure to prove guilt rather than any proof of innocence, is also available in Scotland). The old institution of grand juries still exists in some places, particularly the United States, to investigate whether enough evidence of a crime exists to bring someone to trial." ]

[ "1942", "atlantic ocean", "bar", "bay village , ohio", "berkeley", "calgary", "california", "canada", "cleveland", "colorado", "colorado springs", "columbus", "court", "edmonton", "england", "gap", "give", "great britain", "groves", "ii", "island", "lead", "legal", "los alamos", "managua", "manhattan", "media", "most", "nicaragua", "normal", "northern ireland", "of", "ohio", "pacific", "rates", "rocky mountains", "side", "springs", "toronto", "tradition", "union", "united kingdom", "united states military academy", "vancouver", "west point", "winnipeg" ]

[ "The Republic of Iceland, \"Lýðveldið Ísland\" in Icelandic, is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Old Norse poetry encompasses a range of verse forms written in Old Norse, during the period from the 8th century (see Eggjum stone) to as late as the far end of the 13th century. Most of the Old Norse poetry that survives was preserved in Iceland, but there are also 122 preserved poems in Swedish rune inscriptions, 54 in Norwegian and 12 in Danish.", "Ynglinga saga is a legendary saga, originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson about 1225. It is the first section of his \"Heimskringla\". It was first translated into English and published in 1844 by Samuel Laing.", "The second part of Snorri Sturluson's \"Prose Edda\" the Skáldskaparmál ([skaldskaparmal], , \"language of poetry\"; c. 50,000 words) is effectively a dialogue between Ægir, the Norse god of the sea, and Bragi, the god of poetry, in which both Norse mythology and discourse on the nature of poetry are intertwined. The origin of a number of \"kennings\" is given; then Bragi delivers a systematic list of \"kennings\" for various people, places and things. He then goes on to discuss poetic language in some detail, in particular \"heiti\", the concept of poetical words which are non-periphrastic (like \"steed\" for \"horse\"), and again systematises these. This in a way forms an early form of poetic thesaurus.", "Heimskringla is the best known of the Old Norse kings' sagas. It was written in Old Norse in Iceland by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson (1178/791241) ca. 1230. The name \"Heimskringla\" was first used in the 17th century, derived from the first two words of one of the manuscripts (\"kringla heimsins\" - \"the circle of the world\").", "An eponym is a person, place, or thing for whom or for which something is named, or believed to be named. For example, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era.", "The Háttatal (\"conversation of meters\"; c. 20,000 words) is the last section of the \"Prose Edda\" composed by the Icelandic poet, politician, and historian Snorri Sturluson. Using, for the most part, his own compositions, it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry. Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach; he has systematized the material, and often notes that \"the older poets did not always\" follow his rules.", "The Alþingi (anglicised as or ) is the national parliament of Iceland. It is one of the oldest extant parliamentary institutions in the world.\nThe Althing was founded in 930 at , the \"assembly fields\" or \"Parliament fields\", situated approximately east of what later became the country's capital, Reykjavík. This event marked the beginning of the Icelandic Commonwealth. Even after Iceland's union with Norway in 1262, the Althing still held its sessions at until 1799, when it was discontinued for 45 years. It was restored in 1844 and moved to Reykjavík, where it has resided ever since. The present parliament building, the , was built in 1881, of hewn Icelandic stone.", "Norse mythology is the body of mythology of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition.", "The term skald or skáld, meaning poet, is generally used for poets who composed at the courts of Scandinavian and Icelandic leaders during the Viking Age and Middle Ages. Skaldic poetry forms one of two main groupings of Old Norse poetry, the other being the anonymous Eddic poetry.", "The Viking Age is the period from late 8th century to mid 11th century in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonisation and conquest. In this period, the Norsemen settled in Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, and present-day Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey. Though Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders, many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or, were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland. Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplied with secondary sources like the Icelandic Sagas.", "Sagas are stories mostly about ancient Nordic and Germanic history, about early Viking voyages, the battles that took place during the voyages, about migration to Iceland and of feuds between Icelandic families. They were written in the Old Norse language, mainly in Iceland.", "Gylfaginning ([glvagng] either \"Tricking of Gylfi\" or \"Gylfi's empowerment\"; c. 20,000 words), is the first part of Snorri Sturluson's \"Prose Edda\" after Prologue. The \"Gylfaginning\" deals with the creation and destruction of the world of the Norse gods, and many other aspects of Norse mythology. The second part of the Prose Edda is called the \"Skáldskaparmál\" and the third \"Háttatal\".", "A lawspeaker or lawman (Swedish: \"lagman\", Old Swedish: \"laghmaþer\" or \"laghman\", Danish: \"lovsigemand\", Norwegian: \"lagmann\", Icelandic: \"lög(sögu)maður\", Faroese: \"løgmaður\", Finnish: \"laamanni\") is a unique Scandinavian legal office. It has its basis in a common Germanic oral tradition, where wise men were asked to recite the law, but it was only in Scandinavia that the function evolved into an office. Two of the most famous lawspeakers are Snorri Sturluson and Þorgnýr the Lawspeaker.", "Egil 's Saga ( listen ) is an Icelandic saga . The oldest transcript ( a fragment ) dates back to 1240 AD . The saga is centered on the life of Egill Skallagrímsson , also known as Egil Skallagrimsson , an Icelandic farmer , viking and skald . It is generally referred to as Egla by Icelandic scholars . The saga is the only source of information on the exploits of Egill whose life is not historically recorded . Stylistic and other similarities between Egil 's Saga and Heimskringla have led many scholars to believe that they were the work of the same author , Snorri Sturluson .", "Snorri Sturluson (1179 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker at the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He was the author of the \"Prose Edda\" or \"Younger Edda\", which consists of \"Gylfaginning\" (\"the fooling of Gylfi\"), a narrative of Norse mythology, the \"Skáldskaparmál\", a book of poetic language, and the \"Háttatal\", a list of verse forms. He was also the author of the \"Heimskringla\", a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material in \"Ynglinga saga\" and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of \"Egil's saga\".", "Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.", "A protagonist is the main character in any story, such as a literary work or drama.", "Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "Egill Skallagrímsson (c. 904c. 995) was a Viking-Age poet, warrior and farmer. He is also the protagonist of the eponymous \"Egil's Saga\". \"Egil's Saga\" historically narrates a period from approximately 850 to 1000 CE and is believed to have been written between 1220 and 1240 CE.", "The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda or, historically, simply as Edda, is an Old Norse work of literature written in Iceland in the early 13th century. The work is often assumed to have been written, or at least compiled, by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220." ]

[ "12", "age", "anonymous", "archipelago", "area", "assembly", "book", "century", "character", "christianization", "circle", "city", "concept", "conquest", "country", "cultural region", "england", "eponym", "era", "event", "extension", "function", "god", "history", "home", "information", "invasion", "language", "law", "literary work", "mythology", "name", "number", "office", "parliament", "parliament building", "part", "period", "person", "plateau", "poetry", "population", "prologue", "prose", "protagonist", "range", "region", "republic", "saga", "sea", "september", "term", "tradition", "two", "vikings", "year" ]

[ "Castleman disease, also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymphoid hamartoma, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a group of uncommon lymphoproliferative disorders that share common lymph node histological features that may be localized to a single lymph node (unicentric) or occur systemically (multicentric). It is named after Benjamin Castleman.", "Murid herpesvirus 4 ( MuHV 4 ) is a virus in the genus Rhadinovirus . It is a member of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae in the family Herpesviridae . MuHV 4 infects mice via the nasal passages and causes an acute infectious mononucleosis - like syndrome with elevated levels of leukocytes , and shifts in the relative proportion of lymphocytes along with the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells . Murid herpesvirus 4 currently serves as a model for study of human gamma - herpesvirus pathogenesis . Seven strains of MuHV 4 have been isolated , including the following six : MHV - Šum MHV - 60 MHV - 68 MHV - 72 MHV - 76 MHV - 4556", "A DNA virus is a virus that has DNA as its genetic material and replicates using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. The nucleic acid is usually double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) but may also be single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). DNA viruses belong to either \"Group I\" or \"Group II\" of the Baltimore classification system for viruses. Single-stranded DNA is usually expanded to double-stranded in infected cells. Although \"Group VII\" viruses such as hepatitis B contain a DNA genome, they are not considered DNA viruses according to the Baltimore classification, but rather reverse transcribing viruses because they replicate through an RNA intermediate. Notable diseases like smallpox, herpes, and chickenpox are caused by such DNA viruses.", "The Herpesvirales is an order of viruses all sharing the same overall morphology.", "Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.", "A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.", "The Archaea (or or ) constitute a domain and kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes (archaea; singular archaeon) are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells.", "Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), they are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.", "Herpesviridae is a large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word \"herpein\" (\"to creep\"), referring to the latent, recurring infections typical of this group of viruses. \"Herpesviridae\" can cause latent or lytic infections.", "Infectious mononucleosis (IM), also known as mono, or glandular fever, is an infection commonly caused by the EpsteinBarr virus (EBV). Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces little or no symptoms. In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and feeling tired. Most people get better in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months. The liver or spleen may also become swollen. In less than one percent of cases splenic rupture may occur.\nInfectious mononucleosis is usually caused by EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpes virus family. A few other viruses may also cause the disease. It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood. Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes. Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop. Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies. Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are atypical. The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy.\nThere is no vaccine for EBV. Prevention is by not sharing personal items or kissing those infected. Mono generally gets better on its own. Recommendations include drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, and taking pain medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen.\nMono most commonly affects those between the ages of 15 to 24 years in the developed world. In the developing world, people are more often infected in early childhood when the symptoms are less. In those between 16 and 20 it is the cause of about 8% of sore throats. About 45 out of 100,000 people develop mono each year in the United States. Nearly 95% of people have been infected by the time they are adults. The disease occurs equally at all times of the year. Mononucleosis was first described in the 1920s and is colloquially known as \"the kissing disease\".", "Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.", "Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.", "The EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight known viruses in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.", "Rhadinovirus (also known as \"Rhadinoviridae\" and gamma-2 herpesviruses) is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Human and mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this genus including the type species Saimiriine herpesvirus 2. Diseases associated with this genus include: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease, caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The term rhadino comes from the Latin fragile, referring to the tendency of the viral genome to break apart when it is isolated.", "Gammaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae. Viruses in \"Gammaherpesvirinae\" are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently 32 species in this subfamily, divided among 4 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-4: infectious mononucleosis. HHV-8: kaposi's sarcoma." ]

[ "domain", "family", "form", "genus", "group", "kingdom", "order", "species", "subfamily" ]

[ "`` Stay '' is the third single from Jay Sean 's second album My Own Way & in the third album , All or Nothing . It was released on 7 July 2008 and became his lowest charting official UK single to date , peaking at # 59 .", "Virgin Records is a major record label first founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell and musician Tom Newman in 1972. The company grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time with the success of its platinum performers such as Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Spice Girls and more on their list of artists. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992.", "Jay Sean (born Kamaljit Singh Jhooti; 26 March 1979) is a British singer and songwriter. He debuted in the UK's Asian Underground scene as a member of the Rishi Rich Project with \"Dance with You\", which reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in 2003. This led to him being signed to Virgin Records and having two UK top 10 hits as a solo artist in 2004: \"Eyes On You\" at No. 6 and \"Stolen\" at #4. They were included in his critically acclaimed debut album \"Me Against Myself\" which, though only moderately successful in the UK, sold more than two million copies across Asia and remains his most successful album to date. Alongside the Rishi Rich Project, Sean was a pioneer of Bhangra-R&B fusion, which his debut album helped popularize among the worldwide South Asian diaspora.", "The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming. To be eligible for the chart, a single is currently defined by the Official Charts Company (OCC) as either a 'single bundle' having no more than four tracks and not lasting longer than 25 minutes or one digital audio track not longer than 15 minutes with a minimum sale price of 40 pence. The rules have changed many times as technology has developed, the most notable being the inclusion of digital downloads in 2005 and streaming in 2014.", "Rishpal Singh Rekhi better known by his stage name Rishi Rich is an English Indian music producer born in Croydon, England and based in London. He began his career in the Asian Underground scene and later became internationally known for his Bhangra tracks, his Hindi remixes, and as a pioneer of Indian-R&B fusion music.", "South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.", "Me Against Myself is the debut studio album by Jay Sean, released 8 November 2004 in the United Kingdom, January 2005 in Malaysia, and February 2005 in India on 2Point9 Records, Relentless Records and Virgin Records.", "Asian Underground is a term associated with various British Asian musicians (mostly Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan) who blend elements of Western underground dance music and the traditional Asian music of their home countries in South Asia. The first well-known mention was the compilation album \"Anokha - Soundz of the Asian Underground\" released in 1997 and masterminded by Talvin Singh and Sweety Kapoor. It is not a strict musical genre \"per se\", since the specific sounds can vary wildly (from Cornershop's Bollywood-influenced Britpop to Panjabi MCs' bhangra-influenced jungle). Most of these artists are the children or grandchildren of immigrants and have grown up in Western culture, but still have a strong Asian background through their families." ]

[ "1997", "a", "asia", "can", "cornershop", "culture club", "girls", "india", "indian ocean", "industry", "kamaljit singh jhooti", "keith richards", "london", "november", "ocean", "roy orbison", "south", "talvin singh", "the human league", "the smashing pumpkins", "time", "uk", "various", "virgin" ]

[ "A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks. The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. For the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are often displayed on company buildings.", "Amnesia, also known as amnesic syndrome, is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma. Amnesia can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that was caused. There are two main types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an accident or operation. In some cases the memory loss can extend back decades, while in others the person may lose only a few months of memory. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store. People with this type of amnesia cannot remember things for long periods of time. These two types are not mutually exclusive. Both can occur within a patient at one time. Case studies, such as that of patient R.B., show that both types of amnesia can occur simultaneously. ", "id Software LLC (formerly id Software, Inc., ; see Company name) is an American video game developer headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The company was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk, programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack (no relation to John Carmack). Business manager Jay Wilbur was also involved.", "William Henry \"Bill\" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, entrepreneur, investor, author, and philanthropist. In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft, which became the world's largest PC software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and chief software architect, and was the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. Gates has authored and co-authored several books.", "Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game, and in particular with video games. Gameplay is the pattern defined through the game rules, connection between player and the game, challenges and overcoming them, plot and player's connection with it. Video game gameplay is distinct from graphics and audio elements.", "A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact disc which contains data. The name is an acronym which stands for \"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory\". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write to CD-ROMs which are not writable or erasable.", "Quake III Arena is a multiplayer-focused first-person shooter video game released in December 1999. The game was developed by id Software and featured music composed by Sonic Mayhem and Front Line Assembly. \"Quake III Arena\" is the third game in the \"Quake\" series and differs from previous games by excluding a traditional single-player element, instead focusing on multiplayer action. The single-player mode is played against computer-controlled bots.", "Clandestiny, published in 1996 by Virgin Games and developed by Trilobyte, is a video-based puzzle computer game. After the profit loss of \"The 11th Hour\", the second game created by Trilobyte, the producers went on to make a more kid-friendly version of \"The 7th Guest\" series (even though that game has a T (Teen) rating). The game was re-released in January 2011 on the Mac App Store.", "Graeme Devine is a computer game designer and programmer who co-founded Trilobyte, created bestselling games \"The 7th Guest\" and \"The 11th Hour\", and helped design id Software's \"Quake III Arena\". He was also Chairman of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) from 20022003. One of Graeme's trademarks is his Scooby-Doo wardrobe. He has said of his work that \"I've not stuck to any one genre, platform or IP throughout my career, and I hope people eventually work out that's just fine.\"", "International Game Developers Association (IGDA) is the professional association for over 12,000 video and computer game developers worldwide.\nIt is incorporated in the United States as a non-profit organization.\nIts stated mission is \"To advance the careers and enhance the lives of game developers by connecting members with their peers, promoting professional development, and advocating on issues that affect the developer community.\"", "Trilobyte is a computer game developer founded in December 1990 by Graeme Devine and Rob Landeros . They are well known in the computer game industry for The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour games , and to a lesser extent for Clandestiny and other titles . The company was recently reformed by co-founder Rob Landeros , with some of its original titles being re-released .", "An interactive movie, also known as a movie game, is a video game that presents the gameplay in a cinematic, scripted manner, often through the use of full-motion video of either animated or live-action footage. In modern times, the term also refers to games that have a larger emphasis on story/presentation than on gameplay.", "The 7th Guest, produced by Trilobyte and originally released by Virgin Games in , is an interactive movie puzzle adventure game. It was one of the first computer video games to be released only on CD-ROM. \"The 7th Guest\" is a horror story told from the unfolding perspective of the player, as an amnesiac. The game received a great amount of press attention for making live action video clips a core part of its gameplay, for its unprecedented amount of pre-rendered 3D graphics, and for its adult content. In addition, the game was very successful, with over two million copies sold, and is widely regarded as a killer app that accelerated the sales of CD-ROM drives. The 7th Guest has subsequently been re-released on Apple's app store for various systems such as the Mac. Bill Gates called \"The 7th Guest\" \"the new standard in interactive entertainment\".", "Scooby-Doo is an American animated cartoon franchise, comprising several animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day. The original series, \"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\", was created for Hanna-Barbera Productions by writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears in 1969. This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured four teenagersFred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogersand their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo, who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and missteps." ]

[ "1", "12", "1975", "acronym", "adventure game", "animated cartoon", "apple", "arena", "association", "bill", "brain", "case", "community", "company", "computer", "corporate identity", "data", "day", "december", "design", "fine", "four", "franchise", "game", "great dane", "identity", "information", "label", "live action", "mission", "mode", "name", "october", "operation", "organization", "part", "person", "perspective", "plot", "professional", "puzzle", "service", "single", "software", "standard", "store", "syndrome", "television", "term", "trade", "trademark", "two", "video", "video game", "video game developer" ]

[ "The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and production of anime works in Japan has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "The term \"manga\" (kanji: ; hiragana: ; katakana: or ) in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. \"Manga\" as a term used outside Japan refers to comics originally published in Japan.", "History.\nThe studio was founded in 1948 as . In 1956, Toei purchased the studio and it was reincorporated under its current name. It has created a number of TV series and movies and adapted Japanese comics as animated series, many popular worldwide. Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, Leiji Matsumoto and Yoichi Kotabe have worked with the company. Toei is a shareholder in the Japanese anime satellite television network Animax with other anime studios and production companies, such as Sunrise, TMS Entertainment and Nihon Ad Systems Inc. The company is headquartered in the Ohizumi Studio in Nerima, Tokyo.", "The manga was originally published in Shueisha's \"Weekly Shnen Jump\" from 1979 to 1987, and was first adapted by Toei Animation into a 137-episode anime series broadcast on Nippon Television from 1983 to 1986. It restarted publication in 2011, and has spawned spin-off manga and anime series, video games, anime films, and several \"Kinnikuman\"-related merchandise.", "Great Riot ! Seigi Choujin ( ! , Abare ! Seigi Choujin ) is a 1984 Japanese animated film . It is the second theatrical film based on the anime series Kinnikuman . It was released in Japan on December 22 , 1984 alongside Dr. Slump and Arale - chan : The Secret Treasure of Nanaba Castle and Uchuu Keiji Shaider : Follow the Shigishigi Kidnapping Gang ! . It is set after the Seven Akuma Choujin Arc . It was the first movie to feature the character Buffaloman and was the first of only two films to feature the Announcer ( the other being Crisis in New York ! ) . It is the first anime appearance of Bibinba , who appears as Kinnikuman 's fiancee in the original manga ." ]

[ "history", "japan", "toei animation" ]

[ "Cape Bojador ( Arabic : , trans. R 's Bjdr , Spanish and Portuguese : Cabo Bojador , French : Cap Boujdour ) is a headland on the northern coast of Western Sahara , at 26 ° 07 ' 37 `` N , 14 ° 29 ' 57 '' W. ( Various sources give various locations : this is from the Sailing Directions for the region . ) , as well as the name of a nearby town with a population of 41,178 . It is shown on nautical charts with the original Portuguese name `` Cabo Bojador '' , but is sometimes spelled `` Cape Boujdour '' . It is said that it is also known as the `` Bulging Cape '' , although no references to this usage are to be found in standard geographical references . The Cape 's name in Arabic is `` Abu Khatar '' , meaning `` the father of danger '' . The cape is not prominent on maps but may be located by looking 220 km ( 120 nautical miles ) due south of the south - western point of the hook of Fuerteventura , Canary Islands .", "Mauritania ('; or Soninke: \"Murutaane\"; Pulaar: \"Moritani\"), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of western Africa. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Morocco and the remnants of Western Sahara in the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mali in the east and southeast, and Senegal in the southwest.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "The Maghreb (or ; literally \"sunset\"; ', \"the Arab West\" previously known as Barbary Coast, derived from Berber), or the Greater Maghreb (\"al-Maghrib al-Kabr\"), is usually defined as much or most of the region of western North Africa or Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. The traditional definition as the region including the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, was later superseded, especially following the 1989 formation of the Arab Maghreb Union ( ), by the inclusion of Mauritania and of the disputed territory of Western Sahara (mostly controlled by Morocco). During the Al-Andalus era in Spain (7111492), the Maghreb's inhabitants, Maghrebis, were known as \"Moors\"; the Muslim areas of Spain in those times were usually included in contemporary definitions of the Maghrebhence the use of \"Moorish\" or \"Moors\" to describe the Muslim inhabitants of Spain in Western sources.", "Western Sahara (\"\") is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara.", "North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of Africa. The United Nations definition of \"North Africa\" includes seven countries and territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. The countries of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb, which is the Arabic word for \"sunset\". Egypt lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West Asia, while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel, to the south of Egypt.", "The Sahara (\", 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of the United States.", "Algeria (' \"Dzayer\"), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "Morocco (', lit. \"The West\"; '), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (', lit. \"The Western Kingdom\"; '), is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert, and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea." ]

[ "1", "area", "atlas", "city", "coast", "country", "definition", "desert", "disputed territory", "era", "formation", "islamic republic", "ocean", "part", "people", "population", "region", "republic", "seven", "state", "territory" ]

[ "Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "A military academy or service academy (in \"American English\") is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the army, the navy, marine corps, air force or coast guard. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.", "The November Uprising (183031), PolishRussian War 183031, also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress Poland's military academy revolted, led by lieutenant Piotr Wysocki. They were soon joined by large segments of societies of Lithuania, Belarus, and the Right-bank Ukraine. Despite local successes, the uprising was eventually crushed by a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich. Czar Nicholas I decreed that henceforth Poland was an integral part of Russia, with Warsaw little more than a military garrison, its university closed.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.", "Right-bank Ukraine is a historical and territorial name for a part of modern Ukraine on the right (west) bank of the Dnieper River, corresponding to the modern-day oblasts of Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad, as well as the western parts of Kiev and Cherkasy. It was separated from the left bank during The Ruin.", "Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich ( ) was an imperial Russian military leader. For his victories, he was made Count of Yerevan in 1828 and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland in 1831. He attained the rank of field marshal in the Russian army, and later in the Prussian and Austrian armies.", "Piotr Wysocki (10 September 1797 in Warka 6 January 1875 there), was a Polish lieutenant and leader of the Polish conspiracy against Russian Tsar Nicolas I. Nobleman (\"szlachcic\") of Odrow Coat of Arms, he raised military insurgents on 29 November 1830, starting the November Uprising against Russia. In 1831 he was sentenced to death by Russians, but his sentence was commuted to a 20 years exile in Siberia.", "Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.", "Juliusz Konstanty Ordon ( often referred to as Julian Konstanty Ordon ; born in Warsaw , 16 October 1810 , died in Florence , 4 May 1887 ) was a participant of the Polish November Uprising in 1830 - 1831 . Ordon distinguished himself as a commander of artillery in Fort 54 one of the redoubts in Wola during the storm of Warsaw by Russian Army on 6 September 1831 . In the last moments of its defence the redoubt was blown up by one of the defenders , who was mistakenly identified as Ordon . He was immortalized in the poem of Adam Mickiewicz , Reduta Ordona ( Ordon 's Redoubt ) . Apparently this was not the case since he survived the assault and was taken war prisoner by Russians . From 1833 on he lived in Dresden , then he settled in Scotland . Around 1840 he joined the English Freemasonry , and in October 1847 was admitted to Polish national lodge in London . He was involved with the Polish Democratic Society . In 1848 he moved to Milan willing to join the Polish Legion of Adam Mickiewicz . Poorly accepted , eventually he found himself in the Lombard Legion . In October 1848 he entered the Sardinian army , where he served until 1855 . In autumn 1856 he moved to France and settled in Paris . In 1858 he was appointed professor of modern languages at the Government College in Meaux . Since 1860 he served under Giuseppe Garibaldi , then in the Italian army until 1867 . After his suicide death in Florence his corpse was brought to Lvov ( Russian authorities did not allow for burial in the family tomb in the Evangelical - Augsburg cemetery in Warsaw .", "Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .", "The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains).", "The Imperial Russian Army was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian army consisted of more than 900,000 regular soldiers and nearly 250,000 irregulars (mostly Cossacks).", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency." ]

[ "army", "bank", "guard", "leader", "lieutenant", "major", "member", "military", "military leader", "mountain", "officer", "official", "tsar", "ukraine" ]

[ "Tonga (or ; Tongan: \"Puleanga Fakatui o Tonga\"), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about scattered over of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.", "Wellington is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand, with residents. It is at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa. As the nation's capital city, the New Zealand Government and Parliament, Supreme Court and most of the civil service are based in the city.", "The South Island or Te Waipounamu (\"Mori\") is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean. The South Island covers and is influenced by a temperate climate.", "New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and east of Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets. The Chesterfield Islands are in the Coral Sea. Locals refer to Grande Terre as \"\" (\"the pebble\").", "New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.", "Auckland is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the most populous urban area in the country. Auckland has a population of , which constitutes percent of New Zealand's population. It is part of the wider Auckland Regionthe area governed by the Auckland Councilwhich also includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, resulting in a total population of . Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. The Mori language name for Auckland is or , meaning \"Tmaki with a hundred lovers\", in reference to the desirability of its fertile land at the hub of waterways in all directions. It has also been called karana, the Mori enunciation of \"Auckland\".", "Fiji ((), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.", "Kaikohe is a town in the Far North District of New Zealand, situated on State Highway 12 about 260 km from Auckland. It is the largest inland town and highest community above sea level in the Northland Region. With a population of just under 4000 people it is a shopping and service centre for an extensive farming district and is sometimes referred to as \"the hub of the north\"", "The Southern Alps (Mori: K Tiritiri o te Moana ) are a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the island's western side. The term \"Southern Alps\" generally refers to the entire range, although separate names are given to many of the smaller ranges that form part of it.", "The Far North District of New Zealand, as its name suggests, is the northernmost district within New Zealand, consisting of the northern tip of the North Island. The current mayor is former local Member of Parliament John Carter.", "The Northland Region (Mori: \"Te Tai Tokerau\", also \"Te Hiku-o-te-Ika\", \"the Tail of the Fish\" (of Maui)) is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. New Zealanders often call it the Far North, or, because of its mild climate, the Winterless North. The main population centre is the city of Whangarei and the largest town is Kerikeri.", "The Taupo Volcanic Zone is a highly active volcanic V shaped area in the North Island of New Zealand that is spreading east -west at the rate of about 8mm per year. It is named after Lake Taupo, the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone.", "Lake Taupo is a lake situated in the North Island of New Zealand. It lies in the caldera of the Taupo Volcano. With a surface area of , it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray (Papua New Guinea). Motutaiko Island lies in the south east area of the lake.", "The North Island or Te Ika-a-Mui (\"Mori\") is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of ", "A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time period, structural support for the crust above the magma chamber is lost. The ground surface then collapses downward into the partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a massive depression at the surface (from one to dozens of kilometers in diameter). Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Only seven known caldera-forming collapses have occurred since the start of the 20th century, most recently at Bárðarbunga volcano in Iceland.", "Tectonic uplift is the portion of the total geologic uplift of the mean Earth surface that is not attributable to an isostatic response to unloading. While isostatic response is important, an increase in the mean elevation of a region can only occur in response to tectonic processes of crustal thickening (such as mountain building events), changes in the density distribution of the crust and underlying mantle, and flexural support due to the bending of rigid lithosphere.", "Cook Strait lies between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It connects the Tasman Sea on the northwest with the South Pacific Ocean on the southeast, and runs next to the capital city, Wellington. It is wide at its narrowest point, and is considered one of the most dangerous and unpredictable waters in the world.", "The Ngawha geothermal field is a geothermal area in the North Island of New Zealand . It is situated approximately 5 km east of Kaikohe and is centred on the village of Ngawha Springs . The field covers an area of around 25 km² and as such , is much smaller than the only other geothermal field in New Zealand , the Taupo Volcanic Zone . The hot springs arising in this area are slightly acidic and are rich in ammonia , bicarbonate , boron and mercury , which is not typical of other springs in New Zealand .", "A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a \"town\" varies considerably in different parts of the world.", "The Tasman Sea (Mori: \"Te Tai-o-Rehua\") is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about across and about from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who was the first recorded European to encounter New Zealand and Tasmania. The British explorer Captain James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s as part of his first voyage of exploration.", "Ngawha Springs is a small settlement approximately five kilometres east of the town of Kaikohe, Northland in New Zealand." ]

[ "auckland", "auckland council", "auckland region", "australia", "caledonia", "district", "earth", "east timor", "far north", "fiji", "france", "futuna", "gulf", "indonesia", "kaikohe", "loyalty islands", "mainland", "maui", "metropolitan france", "most", "mountain", "murray", "new caledonia", "new zealand", "north", "north island", "northland region", "northwest", "of", "pacific ocean", "papua", "south", "south island", "southwest", "springs", "sydney", "tasmania", "taupo", "tonga", "tongatapu", "wellington", "wellington region" ]

[ "Fortran (formerly FORTRAN, derived from \"Formula Translation\") is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continuous use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics, crystallography and computational chemistry. It is a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.", "In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self-contained sequence of actions to be performed. Algorithms perform calculation, data processing, and/or automated reasoning tasks.", "MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. A proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, Fortran and Python.", "The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of humancomputer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.", "jLab is a numerical computational environment implemented in Java . The main scripting engine of jLab is GroovySci , an extension of Groovy . Additionally , the interpreted J - Scripts ( similar to MATLAB ) and dynamic linking to Java class code are supported . The jLab environment aims to provide a MATLAB / Scilab like scientific computing platform that is supported by scripting engines implemented in the Java language . In the current implementation of jLab there coexist two scripting engines : the interpreted j - Script scripting engine and the compiled Groovy scripting engine . The later ( i.e. Groovy ) seems to be the preferred choice , since it is much faster , can execute directly Java code using only the familiar Java packaging rules , and is feature - rich language , i.e. Groovy enhanced with MATLAB style matrix operations and surrounding support environment .", "The MathWorks, Inc. (branded as simply MathWorks) is an American privately held corporation that specializes in mathematical computing software. Its major products include MATLAB and Simulink. As of April 2014, it employed over 3,000 people worldwide with 70% located at the company's headquarters in Natick, Massachusetts, United States.", "C++ (pronounced \"cee plus plus\") is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation.", "A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) is a computer programming language envisioned as a refinement of the style of languages classified as third-generation programming language (3GL). Each of the programming language generations aims to provide a higher level of abstraction of the internal computer hardware details, making the language more programmer-friendly, powerful and versatile. While the definition of 3GL has changed over time, it can be typified by operating more with large collections of information at once rather than focusing on just bits and bytes. Languages claimed to be 4GL may include support for database management, report generation, mathematical optimization, GUI development, or web development. Some researchers state that 4GLs are a subset of domain-specific languages." ]

[ "abstraction", "algorithm", "area", "benchmark", "computer hardware", "corporation", "definition", "design", "environment", "fluid", "formula", "generation", "headquarters", "humans", "information", "interface", "laboratory", "language", "mathematics", "matrix", "may", "physics", "process", "programming", "programming language", "rank", "reasoning", "science", "sequence", "software", "space", "style", "user", "user interface", "weather" ]

[ "Ian MacLachlan Arrol ( February 20 , 1924 -- June 16 , 2000 ) was Member of Parliament for the federal riding of York East , elected as a Progressive Conservative in the Robert Stanfield - led resurgence of 1972 . He was defeated in the Liberal sweep of 1974 .", "Robert Lorne Stanfield, PC, QC (April 11, 1914 December 16, 2003) was the 17th Premier of Nova Scotia and leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was born into an affluent Nova Scotia clothing manufacturing and political family in 1914. He graduated from Dalhousie University and Harvard Law School in the 1930s. Stanfield became the leader of the Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party in 1948, and after a rebuilding period, led the party to government in 1956. As premier, he won three straight elections. His government was credited with modernizing the way the province delivered education and medical services. In 1967, he resigned as premier and became the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party. He was the leader of the \"Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition\" and fought three general elections, losing each time to the Liberals under Pierre Trudeau. He resigned as leader in 1976 and from public office in 1979. In retirement, he lived mostly in Ottawa, and died there in 2003 from complications due to pneumonia. He is sometimes referred to as \"the best prime minister Canada never had\". As one of Canada's most distinguished and respected statesmen, he was one of several people granted the style \"The Right Honourable\" who were not so entitled by virtue of an office held.", "The Right Honourable (The Rt Hon. or Rt Hon.) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and to certain collective bodies in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, some other Commonwealth realms, the Anglophone Caribbean, Mauritius and occasionally elsewhere. \n\"Right\" in this context is an adverb meaning \"to a great extent or degree\". It is used only for living people.", "The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) was a federal political party in Canada with a centre-right stance on economic issues and, after the 1970s, a centrist stance on social issues.", "The Conservative Party of Canada, colloquially known as the Tories, is a political party in Canada. It is positioned on the right of the Canadian political spectrum. The party's leader from 2004 to 2015 was Stephen Harper, who served as Prime Minister from 2006 to 2015." ]

[ "conservative party", "progressive conservative party of canada", "the right", "tories" ]

[ "Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as \"lo Stivale\" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "The IAAF Golden League was an annual series of track and field meetings organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The 2009 Golden League was the last under the Golden League format and it was replaced by a new annual series known as the IAAF Diamond League.", "Pietro Paolo Mennea (28 June 1952 21 March 2013) was an Italian sprinter and politician. He was most successful in the 200 m event, in which he won a gold medal at the 1980 Moscow Olympics and set a world record at 19.72 seconds in September 1979. This record stood for almost 17 years the longest duration in the event history and is still listed as the European record.", "Golden Gala is an annual track and field event at the Olympic Stadium in Rome, Italy. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the IAAF Diamond League. Following the 2013 death of Italian sprinting legend Pietro Mennea, the organizers added his name to the title of the meet.", "Rome is a city and special \"comune\" (named \"Roma Capitale\") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated \"comune\" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. ", "The IAAF Diamond League is an annual series of track and field meetings held from 2010 onwards, beginning with the 2010 IAAF Diamond League. It was designed to replace the IAAF Golden League, which was held annually since 1998.", "Andriy Sokolovskyy ( Ukrainian : ; born 16 July 1978 ) is a Ukrainian high jumper . His personal best jump is 2.38 metres , achieved in July 2005 in Rome ( Golden Gala ) ." ]

[ "diamond", "eu", "france", "golden", "italy", "march", "marino", "moscow", "of", "peninsula", "republic", "rome", "san marino", "switzerland" ]

[ "Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.", "Letting Go is alternative metal band Earshot 's debut album . `` Get Away '' and `` Not Afraid '' were released as singles and were minor hits with each having their own music video . `` Get Away '' reached # 4 on the U.S. Active Rock Charts and stayed in the top 100 for over 64 weeks . Letting Go reached # 82 on The Billboard 200 .", "Alternative metal (also known as alt-metal) is a rock music genre that infuses heavy metal with influences from alternative rock and other genres not normally associated with metal. Alternative metal bands are often characterized by heavily downtuned, mid-paced guitar riffs, a mixture of accessible melodic vocals and harsh vocals and sometimes unconventional sounds within other heavy metal styles. The term has been in use since the 1980s, although it came into prominence in the 1990s. ", "Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word \"alternative\" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, \"alternative\" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk).", "Earshot is an American hard rock/alternative metal band from Los Angeles, California. The band has released three albums: \"Letting Go\", \"Two\", \"The Silver Lining\", and have most recently announced plans to release their fourth studio album, a 5-song Mini-LP entitled \"Aftermath\" on April 16, 2015." ]

[ "1970s", "1990s", "a", "album", "alternative", "as", "be", "california", "collective", "d", "earshot", "electric", "fourth", "go", "is", "jazz", "kingdom", "laid", "letting go", "lp", "mainstream", "metal", "mini", "music", "new", "new wave", "often", "plans", "post", "release", "released", "rhythm and blues", "riffs", "rock", "rock and roll", "rock music", "roots", "sometimes", "the silver lining", "this", "three", "to be", "two", "united kingdom", "y", "y ." ]

[ "Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province (\"Ostn-e Kohgrye-o Byer-Ahmad\" ) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran. It is in the south-west of the country, in Iran's Region 2, and its capital is Yasuj. The province covers an area of 15,563 square kilometers, and in 2006 had a population of 634,000. According to National Population and Housing Census population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2011 was 658,629. The people mainly speak Lurish language.", "Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "Dana County (Lurish: ) is a county in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Sisakht. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 52,242, in 11,117 families. The county is subdivided into three districts: the Central District, Pataveh District, and Kabgian District. The county has three cities: Pataveh, Chitab, and Sisakht.", "Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , \"Afnistn\"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.", "Yasuj (also Romanized as Ysj, Yasooj, and Yesj; Lurish: or - Jasuc and Jasyç) is a city in and the capital of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 96,786, in 20,297 families.", "Tehran ( \"Tehrn\") is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 9 million in the city and 16 million in the wider metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city of Iran, the 2nd-most populous city in Western Asia and the 3rd-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.", "Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.", "Turkmenistan (or ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.", "Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.", "Armenia ( tr. \"Hayastan\"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. \"Hayastani Hanrapetutyun\"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the \"Armenian Highlands\", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.", "Sisakht ( Persian : ; Lurish : , SSext , also Romanized as Ssakht and S Sakht ; also known as Deh Bozorg - e Ssakht , Deh Bozorg - e Sskht , and Deh - e Bozorg Ssakht ) is a city in and the capital of Dana County , Kohgiluyeh and Boyer - Ahmad Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 6,342 , in 1,528 families . Sisakht is located on the foothills of Zagros Mountains , 34 km from Yasuj , in the northern part of the province . The area of Dena is a protected area .", "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as \"Ratnkara\", \"\"the mine of gems\"\" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as \"Hind Mahsgar\", \"\"the great Indian sea\"\", in Hindi.", "Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.", "Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the \"sunnah\", composed of accounts called \"hadith\") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.", "The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman (\"aldj Umn\"; in Balochi: in \"Khaleej Oman\") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.", "The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is \"Middle-Eastern\" and the derived noun is \"Middle-Easterner\". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.", "The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is in an endorheic basin (it has no outflows) located between Europe and Asia. It is bound by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast.", "Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.", "Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the \"de facto\" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.", "Nagorno-Karabakh, officially the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR; \"Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun\"), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh (\"Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun\"), is an unrecognised republic in the South Caucasus. The region is considered by the UN to be part of Azerbaijan, but is under the control of ethnic Armenian separatists. The NKR controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west, Iran to the south, and the uncontested territory of Azerbaijan to the north and east.", "The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.", "The Strait of Hormuz \"Tangehyyeh Hormoz\" , \"Maq Hurmuz\") is a strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. At its narrowest, the strait has a width of ." ]

[ "afghanistan", "anatolia", "armenia", "azerbaijan", "basin", "central district", "china", "district", "earth", "east", "egypt", "europe", "georgia", "greece", "gulf", "india", "indian", "iran", "iraq", "jordan", "karabakh", "kazakhstan", "kuwait", "most", "nakhchivan", "near east", "north west", "northwest", "noun", "of", "oman", "pakistan", "pashto", "russia", "saudi arabia", "south", "southwest", "tajikistan", "tehran", "tehran province", "turkey", "turkmenistan", "west", "yemen" ]

[ "An advocate is a type of professional person in several different legal systems and it is also a commonly used \"honorific\" for remarkable lawyers, such as in \"Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili\". The broad equivalent in many English law-based jurisdictions can be a \"barrister\". However, in Scottish, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, advocate is also a word to indicate lawyers of superior classification.", "Sir James Stuart, 3rd Baronet, of Bute, created 1st Earl of Bute, MP, PC (before 1666 4 June 1710), was a Scottish soldier, advocate, judge and politician. He was the son of Sir Dugald Stuart, 2nd Baronet and Elizabeth Ruthven, daughter of Sir John Ruthven.", "James Stuart , 2nd Earl of Bute ( before 1696 -- 28 January 1723 ) was the son of James Stuart , 1st Earl of Bute and Agnes Mackenzie ." ]

[ "advocate", "judge", "politician", "soldier" ]

[ "The Quincy Mine is an extensive set of copper mines located near Hancock, Michigan. The mine was owned by the Quincy Mining Company and operated between 1846 and 1945, although some activities continued through the 1970s. The Quincy Mine was known as \"Old Reliable,\" as the Quincy Mine Company paid a dividend to investors every year from 1868 through 1920. The Quincy Mining Company Historic District is a United States National Historic Landmark District; other Quincy Mine properties nearby, including the Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills, the Quincy Dredge Number Two, and the Quincy Smelter are also historically significant.", "Copper Island is a local name given to the northern part of the Keweenaw Peninsula (projecting northeastward into Lake Superior at the western end of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States of America), separated from the rest of the Keweenaw Peninsula by Portage Lake and the Keweenaw Waterway.", "The Quincy Mine No. 2 Shaft Hoist House is an industrial building located north of Hancock , Michigan along US Highway 41 within the Quincy Mining Company Historic District . The Hoist House contains the largest steam hoisting engine in the world , which sits on the largest reinforced concrete engine foundation ever poured . The shaft hoist house was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1969 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 .", "Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word \"mishigamaa\", meaning \"large water\" or \"large lake\". Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area (the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River). Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.", "Hancock is a city in Houghton County, Michigan, United States and is located on Copper Island, which is part of the Keweenaw Peninsula, on the Keewenaw Waterway directly opposite Houghton, Michigan. The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census.", "Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement.", "The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. A property listed in the National Register, or located within a National Register Historic District, may qualify for tax incentives derived from the total value of expenses incurred preserving the property.", "The Keweenaw Peninsula (, sometimes locally /kivn/) is the northernmost part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It projects into Lake Superior and was the site of the first copper boom in the United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was roughly 43,200. Its major industries are now logging and tourism, as well as jobs related to Michigan Technological University and Finlandia University." ]

[ "orange", "united states", "united states of america" ]

[ "Bear Country is a 1953 American short documentary film directed by James Algar . It won an Academy Award at the 26th Academy Awards in 1954 for Best Short Subject ( Two - Reel ) . The film was produced by Walt Disney as part of the True - Life Adventures series of nature documentaries .", "A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Such films were originally shot on film stockthe only medium availablebut now include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made into a TV show, or released for screening in cinemas. \"Documentary\" has been described as a \"filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception\" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.", "Nature's Half Acre is a 1951 American short documentary film directed by James Algar. In 1952, it won an Academy Award at the 24th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel). The film was produced by Walt Disney as part of the \"True-Life Adventures\" series of nature documentaries.", "Four Color, also known as Four Color Comics and One Shots, was a long-running American comic book anthology series published by Dell Comics between 1939 and 1968. The title is a reference to the four basic colors used when printing comic books (cyan, magenta, yellow and black at the time).", "James Algar (June 11, 1912 February 26, 1998) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He worked for the Walt Disney Productions for 43 years and received the Disney Legends award in 1998. He was born in Modesto, California and died in Carmel, California.", "The Vanishing Prairie is a 1954 documentary film released by Walt Disney Productions.", "True-Life Adventures series is a collection of fourteen full length and short subject documentary films produced by Walt Disney Productions roughly between the years 1948 and 1960. The series won eight Academy Awards for the studio including three Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature awards for \"The Living Desert\", \"The Vanishing Prairie\" and \"White Wilderness\", and five Best Two Reel Live Action Short awards for \"Seal Island\", \"In Beaver Valley\", \"Nature's Half Acre\", \"Water Birds\", and \"Bear Country\". It inspired a daily panel comic strip that was distributed from 1955 to 1971 and drawn by George Wheeler. Several of the films were adapted in comic book format as one shots in the Dell Comics Four Color series. The films were among the earliest production experience for Roy E. Disney. Also this film series was the launching pad for Disney's new distributor, Buena Vista International. TV episodes are from Disney's anthology TV series.", "The Academy Award for Documentary Feature is an award for documentary films.", "Direct-to-video or straight-to-video (also known as direct-to-VHS, direct-to-DVD, direct-to-Blu-ray, direct-to-digital, etc.) refers to the release of a film to the public immediately on home video formats rather than a theatrical release or television broadcast. Because inferior sequels or prequels of larger-budget films may be released direct to video, references to direct-to-video releases are often pejorative. Direct-to-video release has also become profitable for independent filmmakers and smaller companies.", "The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992, 1996, 2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPB's mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, and increased public availability of America's film heritage. The 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector.", "Water Birds is a 1952 American short documentary film directed by Ben Sharpsteen. It won an Academy Award in 1953 for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel). The film was produced by Walt Disney as part of the \"True-Life Adventures\" series of nature documentaries. It was shot in Technicolor by more than a dozen cameramen and was created in cooperation with the National Audubon Society and the Denver Museum of Natural History.", "Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.", "An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award (for film), the Tony Award (for theatre), and the Grammy Award (for music).", "Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film. The emulsion will gradually darken if left exposed to light, but the process is too slow and incomplete to be of any practical use. Instead, a very short exposure to the image formed by a camera lens is used to produce only a very slight chemical change, proportional to the amount of light absorbed by each crystal. This creates an invisible latent image in the emulsion, which can be chemically developed into a visible photograph. In addition to visible light, all films are sensitive to X-rays and high-energy particles. Most are at least slightly sensitive to invisible ultraviolet (UV) light. Some special-purpose films are sensitive into the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum.", "The Academy Awards, or \"Oscars\", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname \"Oscar.\" The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS.", "Walter Elias \"Walt\" Disney (December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.", "The Library of Congress (\"LOC\") is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the \"de facto\" national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. The Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.; it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center.", "In Beaver Valley is a 1950 American short documentary film directed by James Algar. The film was produced by Walt Disney as part of the \"True-Life Adventures\" series of nature documentaries.", "Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines. It published comics from 1929 to 1974. At its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1952 Dell claimed to be the world's largest comics publisher, selling 26 million copies each month.", "A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, these have been published in newspapers and magazines, with horizontal strips printed in black-and-white in daily newspapers, while Sunday newspapers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections. With the development of the internet, they began to appear online as web comics.\nThere were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes.", "The Living Desert is a 1953 American nature documentary film that shows the everyday lives of the animals of the desert of the Southwestern United States. The movie was written by James Algar, Winston Hibler, Jack Moffitt (uncredited) and Ted Sears. It was directed by Algar, with Hibler as the narrator and was filmed in Tucson, Arizona. The film won the 1953 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature." ]

[ "action", "animation", "anthology series", "basic", "book", "comic", "country", "documentary", "documentary film", "education", "image", "instruction", "james", "law", "music", "nature", "nature documentary", "reference", "research", "society", "statuette", "television", "various", "video" ]

[ "Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "The Pelican River ( Vermilion River ) is a river of Minnesota .", "Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type. Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia.\nLands typically referred to as \"prairie\" tend to be in North America. The term encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wetter, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and western and southern Minnesota. The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occupy vast areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.", "Minnesota (locally ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. The state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan \"Land of 10,000 Lakes\". Its official motto is \"L'Étoile du Nord\" (French: \"Star of the North\").\nMinnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the MinneapolisSaint Paul metropolitan area (known as the \"Twin Cities\"), the center of transportation, business, industry, education, and government and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.\nMinnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the large majority of the European settlers emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany, and the state remains a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture. In recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesota's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation.", "The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of indigenous peoples in North America. They live in Canada and the United States and are one of the largest Indigenous ethnic groups north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fourth-largest population among Native American tribes, surpassed only by the Navajo, Cherokee, and Lakota-Dakota-Nakota peoples.", "The Horn of Africa (, \"yäafrika qänd\", \"al-qarn al-'afrq\") (shortened to HOA) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia." ]

[ "africa", "asia", "eurasia", "europe", "north america" ]

[ "The CEV Champions League, or CEV DenizBank Volleyball Champions League is the top official competition for men's Volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year.", "Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is an international multi-sport event that is hosted by a different city every four years. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The International Olympic Committee organizes the games and oversees the host city's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third; this tradition began in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.", "Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.", "Roeselare (, West Flemish: \"Roeseloare\") is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Roeselare proper and the towns of Beveren, Oekene and Rumbeke.", "West Flanders (; West Flemish: \"West Vloandern\"; French: \"(Province de) Flandre-Occidentale\"; German: \"Westflandern\") is the most western province of the Flemish Region, also named Flanders, in Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) on the Netherlands, the Flemish province of East Flanders (\"Oost-Vlaanderen\") and the Walloon province of Hainaut (\"Henegouwen\") in Belgium, on France and the North Sea. Its capital is Bruges (\"Brugge\"). Other important cities are Kortrijk in the south and Ostend on the coast, Roeselare and Ypres. The province has an area of 3,125 km² which is divided into eight administrative districts (\"arrondissementen\") containing 64 municipalities.", "The High Fens , which were declared a nature reserve in 1957, are an upland area, a plateau region in the province of Liège, in the east of Belgium and adjoining parts of Germany, between the Ardennes and the Eifel highlands. The High Fens are the largest nature reserve or park in Belgium, with an area of ; it lies within the German-Belgian natural park \"Hohes Venn-Eifel\", in the Ardennes. Its highest point, at above sea level, is the Signal de Botrange near Eupen, and also the highest point in Belgium. A tower high was built here that reaches above sea level. The reserve is a rich ecological endowment of Belgium covered with alpine sphagnum raised bogs (not \"fens\" as the name would imply) both on the plateau and in the valley basin; the bogs, which are over 10,000 years old, with their unique subalpine flora, fauna and microclimate, are key to the conservation work of the park.", "Knack Randstad Roeselare is a professional Volleyball team based in Roeselare , Belgium . It plays in Belgian Volleyball League and in the CEV Champions League" ]

[ "10", "11", "125", "16", "1896", "1957", "1964", "59" ]

[ "Dalagang Ilocana (\"Ilocana Maiden\") is a 1954 Filipino romantic comedy film produced by Sampaguita Pictures. The film is in black and white and was directed by Olive La Torre. It was also serialized over DZRH Sampaguita Radio Program. The movie also launched the career of Tita de Villa.", "Saint-Étienne (\"Saint Stephen\") is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon. Saint-Étienne is the capital of the Loire department and has a population of approximately 172,023 (2013) in the city itself and over 508,000 in the metropolitan area (2011).", "Gloria Romero ( born Gloria Galla on December 16 , 1933 ) is a Filipino actress appearing in film and television . Her career spans 60 years and includes award winning performances in the films Tanging Yaman ( FAMAS Best Actress 2001 ) , Nagbabagang Luha ( FAMAS Best Supporting Actress 1989 ) and 1955 's Dalagang Ilocana . She is the first recipient of the lifetime achievement award from the MTRCB ( Movies and Television Review and Classification Board ) .", "Sampaguita Pictures was a Philippine film production company. It was named for the Philippine national flower, sampaguita. The company has been defunct since the 1980s with Mike de Leon's classic \"Batch '81\" being the last film released. Though no longer functioning, the company's Sampaguita Compound remains in Quezon City. It was acquired and merged with Canadian media giant Entertainment One to become Entertainment One Philippines.", "Teresa Theodossis-Martin (3 April 1931 - 7 February 2014) or Tita de Villa, as most people know her, is a character actress from the Philippines. Her long acting career started in 1954 in a Sampaguita Pictures movie, \"Dalagang Ilocana (Ilocana Maiden)\", the movie which also catapulted the career of actress Gloria Romero into stardom. In the film, De Villa played a bit role of a lady boarder. Typecasted into playing antagonistic roles, De Villa is perhaps known for her portrayal of the scheming matriarch, Mena, in the highly successful Tagalog soap opera Gulong ng Palad in the late 1970s. She is married to Manuel Martin, known to most as the director Jose de Villa.", "The FAMAS (or \"Assault Rifle from the Saint-Étienne Weapon Factory\") is a bullpup-styled assault rifle designed and manufactured in France by MAS located in Saint-Étienne, which is now a member of the French government-owned Nexter group. It is the service rifle of the French military." ]

[ "france", "philippines" ]

[ "Snowdonia is a mountainous region in north Wales and a national park of in area. It was the first to be designated of the three national parks in Wales, in 1951.", "Nant Gwynant is a valley in north Wales. The A498 road descends into the valley in about two miles (3 km) from Pen-y-Gwryd; it follows the Nant Cynnyd, the Afon Glaslyn and alongside Llyn Gwynant, then beside the Nant Gwynant river to Llyn Dinas and passing below Dinas Emrys to Beddgelert. The road continues through the Aberglaslyn Pass to Porthmadog.", "Llyn Cwm - y - ffynnon is a lake in Snowdonia , below the summit of Moel Berfedd in Cwmffynnon . The lake 's original name was Fynnon Mymbyr as outlined in Llywelyn ap Iorwerth 's charter of 1198 . As the name suggests , the lake nestles in a short valley , a cwm , high above the Pen - y - Gwryd hotel . The lake is the source of the Nantygwryd ( originally Y Mymbyr ) , river which in Welsh translates to Pen - y - Gwryd . Prior to 1198 the name Gwryd did not exist in the Mymbyr Valley or Dyffryn Mymbyr . This would suggest that the name `` Gwryd '' has appeared at a later date for whatever reason , for which there is limited data . The river which flows from here forms part of the county boundary between Gwynedd and Conwy county borough .", "The Nant y Cynnyd is a small river in Gwynedd, north Wales, starting near the Pen-y-Gwryd hotel near Capel Curig. The Ordnance Survey map is not completely specific, but the river grows into Afon Glaslyn and into Llyn Gwynant.", "Conwy County Borough (\"Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy\") is a unitary authority area in the north of Wales.", "Caernarfon is a royal town, community, and port in Gwynedd, Wales, with a population of 9,615. It lies along the A487 road, on the eastern shore of the Menai Strait, opposite the Isle of Anglesey. The city of Bangor is to the north-east, while Snowdonia fringes Caernarfon to the east and south-east. Carnarvon and Caernarvon are Anglicised spellings that were superseded in 1926 and 1974, respectively. The villages of Bontnewydd and Caeathro are close by.", "Beddgelert, is a village and community in the Snowdonia area of Gwynedd, Wales. The population of the community taken at the 2011 census was 453. It is reputed to be named after the legendary hound Gelert.", "Yr Wyddfa commonly known as Snowdon in English, is the highest mountain in Wales, at an elevation of above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles south of the Scottish Highlands. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (\") in Gwynedd, and has been described as \"probably the busiest mountain in Britain\". It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.", "Plas y Brenin located in Conwy County Borough, Wales is the National Mountain Centre for the United Kingdom. The centre is situated in Dyffryn Mymbyr, the Mymbyr Valley, in Snowdonia and is less than a quarter of a mile south-west of the centre of Capel Curig on the A4086 road.", "A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation of 'wild nature' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride. An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined \"National Park\" as its \"Category II\" type of protected areas.", "Pen-y-Gwryd is a pass at the head of Nantygwryd and Nant Cynnyd rivers close to the foot of Snowdon in Gwynedd, Wales. \nThe area is located at the junction of the A4086 from Capel Curig to Llanberis and Caernarfon and the A498 from Beddgelert and Nant Gwynant about a mile from the head of the Llanberis Pass. It is close to the boundary with Conwy county borough in northern Snowdonia. The famous mountaineering hostelry, \"Pen-y-Gwryd Hotel\", is located in the pass. It is also a mountain rescue post with links to the other rescue posts at Ogwen Cottage and Plas y Brenin.", "Ogwen Cottage Outdoor Pursuits Centre is situated beside Llyn Ogwen, in Gwynedd, Wales. It is owned by the National Trust, who bought the property at auction in October 2014 for £450,000. It was formerly for many years part of Birmingham City Council's Outdoor Learning Service, providing outdoor education, and with links to the climbing community.", "Gwynedd is an area in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. As a local government area, it is the second biggest in Wales in terms of geographical area and also one of the most sparsely populated. A majority of the population are Welsh-speaking. The name Gwynedd is also used for a preserved county, covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey. Culturally and historically, the name can also be used for most of North Wales (for instance, the area covered by the Gwynedd Constabulary), roughly corresponding to the territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd at its greatest extent. The current area is 2,548 square km (983.78 sq miles, slightly smaller than Luxembourg) with a population as measured in the 2011 Census of 121,874.", "Capel Curig (meaning \"Curig's Chapel\") is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, in Wales. It lies in the heart of Snowdonia, on the River Llugwy, and has a population of 226, reducing slightly to 206 at the 2011 census. It is at the junction of the A5 road from Bangor and Bethesda to Betws-y-Coed with the A4086 road from Caernarfon, Llanberis, Pen-y-Pass and Pen-y-Gwryd.", "Llanberis is a village in Gwynedd, northwest Wales, on the southern bank of the lake Llyn Padarn and at the foot of Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales. It is a popular centre for outdoor activities in Snowdonia, including walking, mountaineering, climbing, mountain biking and pony trekking as well as water sports such as Scuba Diving. The international fell race known as the Snowdon Race (Welsh: \"Ras Yr Wyddfa\") to the summit of Snowdon begins in the village. " ]

[ "luxembourg", "united kingdom", "wales", "world" ]

[ "Kensington is a district within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in West London. The north east is taken up by Kensington Gardens, once private, as the name suggests, but today a public park with Italian and Dutch gardens, public buildings such as the Albert Memorial, the Serpentine Gallery and Speke's monument.", "The London Plan is the statutory spatial development strategy for the Greater London area in the United Kingdom that is written by the Mayor of London and published by the Greater London Authority. The regional planning document was first published in final form on 10 February 2004. In addition to minor alterations, it was substantially revised and republished in February 2008 and again in July 2011. The London Plan published in July 2011 is currently in effect and has 2031 as a formal end date. minor alterations are being made to the plan to comply with the National Planning Policy Framework and other changes in national policy.", "The Albert Memorial is situated in Kensington Gardens, London, directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall. It was commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her beloved husband, Prince Albert who died of typhoid in 1861. The memorial was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic Revival style. Opened in July 1872 by Queen Victoria, with the statue of Albert ceremonially \"seated\" in 1875, the memorial consists of an ornate canopy or pavilion, in the style of a Gothic ciborium over the high altar of a church, containing a statue of the prince facing south. The memorial is tall, took over ten years to complete, and cost £120,000 (the equivalent of about £10,000,000 in 2010). The cost was met by public subscription.", "The Dutch garden is distinguished by its dense atmosphere and efficient use of space. On an international level, a garden with tulips is also easily labelled as a Dutch garden. ", "St Mary Abbots is a church located on Kensington High Street and the corner of Kensington Church Street in London W8 . The present church structure was built in 1872 and designed by the celebrated architect Sir George Gilbert Scott , combining neo-Gothic and early - English styles . This edifice remains noted for having the tallest spire in London and is the latest in a series on the site since the beginning of the 12th century .", "A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by local government. Across the world, areas known as \"districts\" vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions of municipalities, school district, or political district.", "The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (often abbreviated to RBKC) is an inner London borough of Royal borough status, to the west of the centre. As the smallest borough in London and the second smallest district in England, this urban area is one of the most densely populated in the United Kingdom.", "Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, are among the Royal Parks of London. They gardens are shared by the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and sit immediately to the west of Hyde Park, in western central London. The gardens cover an area of 270 acres. The open spaces of Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, Green Park and St. James's Park together form an almost continuous \"green lung\" in the heart of London. Kensington Gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. ", "London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "Kensington High Street is the main shopping street in Kensington, London. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London." ]

[ "city of london", "district", "east", "england", "essex", "greater london", "hyde", "inner london", "kensington", "london", "middlesex", "most", "north", "of", "prince", "queen victoria", "royal borough of kensington and chelsea", "scott", "street", "surrey", "united kingdom", "west", "westminster" ]

[ "Newsnight is a weekday BBC Television current affairs programme which specialises in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians. Jeremy Paxman was its main presenter for 25 years, until announcing in April 2014 that he was stepping down.", "Inside the Jihad : My Life with al Qaeda , a Spy 's story is a book published by Basic Books , written by a Moroccan who has adopted the pen - name Omar Nasiri . In the novel , Nasiri describes moving to Europe , after being involved in petty crime in his homeland of Morocco . By 1996 , however , he had been recruited by radical Islamic fundamentalists , and subsequently became an informant for European counter-terrorism agencies , such as the DGSE . He would later infiltrate the Khalden training camp in Afghanistan , where he would meet such influential al - Qaeda leaders as Ibn al - Shaykh al - Libi . Upon returning to Europe , he continued his work as a spy in London , before moving to Germany and getting married .", "Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi (bn l alLibi; born Ali Mohamed Abdul Aziz al-Fakheri, 1963 May 10, 2009) was a Libyan national captured in Afghanistan in November 2001 after the fall of the Taliban; he was interrogated by the American and Egyptian forces. The information he gave under torture to Egyptian authorities was cited by the George W. Bush Administration in the months preceding its 2003 invasion of Iraq as evidence of a connection between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That information was frequently repeated by members of the Bush Administration, although reports from both the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) strongly questioned its credibility, suggesting that al-Libi was \"intentionally misleading\" interrogators.", "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: \"\"; 28 April 1937  30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Partywhich espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialismSaddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq.", "Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1952 and located in New York, now an imprint of Hachette Books. It publishes books in the fields of psychology, philosophy, economics, science, politics, sociology, , and history. Basic Books publishes new works in African and African-American studies under the Basic Civitas imprint.", "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.", "Al-Qaeda (or ; ', , translation: \"The Base\", \"The Foundation\" or \"The Fundament\" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s. It operates as a network made up of Islamic extremist, Salafist jihadists. It has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, the United States, Russia, India, and various other countries (see below).", "Omar Nasiri (b. 1960s) is the pseudonym of a Belgian spy of Moroccan origin who infiltrated al-Qaeda, attending training camps in Afghanistan and passing information to the UK and French intelligence services. He claims in an exclusive interview presented on the BBC's Newsnight programme on November 16, 2006 that the UK intelligence services were warned in the mid-1990s about the threat posed by al-Qaeda, but failed to act quickly enough. He also claims that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi deliberately gave interrogators acting on behalf of the United States false information in order to encourage the USA to overthrow Saddam Hussein, thus allowing al-Qaeda to use Iraq as a jihadist base." ]

[ "16", "1937", "1952", "1963", "1968", "1979", "1988", "20", "2006", "2009", "25", "28", "9 april 2003", "april 2014" ]

[ "Diana Love Webster (née Dill; formerly Douglas and Darrid; January 22, 1923 July 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was known for her marriage to actor Kirk Douglas, from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. She was the mother of Michael and Joel Douglas.", "Mr. Baseball is a 1992 American sports comedy film directed by Fred Schepisi, starring Tom Selleck, Ken Takakura, Dennis Haysbert, and Aya Takanashi. It depicts a tumultuous season in the career of veteran New York Yankees first baseman Jack Elliot, who is traded to the Chunichi Dragons of the Japanese Central League during Spring Training, and forced to contend with overwhelming expectations and cultural differences during the Dragons' run at the pennant.", "Barbara Stanwyck (born Ruby Catherine Stevens; July 16, 1907 January 20, 1990) was an American actress. She was a film and television star, known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong, realistic screen presence, and a favorite of directors including Cecil B. DeMille, Fritz Lang, and Frank Capra. After a short but notable career as a stage actress in the late 1920s, she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood, before turning to television.", "It Runs in the Family is a 2003 comedy - drama movie directed by Fred Schepisi and starring three generations of the Douglas family : Kirk Douglas , his son Michael Douglas , and Michael 's son Cameron Douglas , who play three generations of a family . Diana Douglas ( née Dill ) , real - life mother to Michael Douglas and ex-wife of Kirk , plays Kirk 's character 's wife .", "Comedy-drama, occasionally known as dramedy (portmanteau of words drama and comedy), is a subgenre in contemporary forms of tragicomedy, especially in television, that combines elements of comedy and drama.", "Tragicomedy is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms. Most often seen in dramatic literature, the term can variously describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy ending.", "Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer.", "Cameron Morrell Douglas (born December 13, 1978) is an American actor.", "Frederic Alan \"Fred\" Schepisi, AO (born 26 December 1939) is an Australian film director, producer and screenwriter. His credits include \"The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith\", \"Plenty\", \"Roxanne\", \"Six Degrees of Separation\", \"Mr. Baseball\" and \"Last Orders\".", "Joel Douglas (born January 23, 1947) is an American film producer.", "A portmanteau (; plural \"portmanteaus\" or \"portmanteaux\" ) or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words, in which parts of multiple words or their phones (sounds) are combined into a new word. \nas in \"smog\", coined by blending \"smoke\" and \"fog\", or \"popportunity\", from \"popping\" and \"opportunity\", or \"motel\", from \"motor\" and \"hotel\". In linguistics, a portmanteau is defined as a single morph that represents two or more morphemes.", "Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916) is an American actor, producer, director, and author. He is one of the last living people of the industry's Golden Age. After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he had his film debut in \"The Strange Love of Martha Ivers\" (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war movies. During a 64-year acting career, he has appeared in more than 90 movies.", "The Strange Love of Martha Ivers is a film noir released in the United States in 1946, starring Barbara Stanwyck, Van Heflin, Lizabeth Scott and featuring Kirk Douglas in his film debut. The movie is based on the short story \"Love Lies Bleeding\" by playwright John Patrick using the pseudonym Jack Patrick and was produced by Hal B. Wallis. The film was directed by Lewis Milestone from a screenplay written by Robert Rossen and Robert Riskin, who was not credited. " ]

[ "25", "baseball", "comedy", "comic", "december", "director", "drama", "film", "film director", "genre", "industry", "january", "july", "literature", "marriage", "milestone", "mood", "motel", "mother", "office", "portmanteau word", "pseudonym", "screenplay", "season", "september", "single", "six", "television", "tragicomedy", "word", "year" ]

[ "The President of the United States (POTUS) is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.", "John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735  July 4, 1826) was an American patriot who served as the second President of the United States (17971801) and the first Vice President (178997). He was a lawyer, diplomat, statesman, political theorist, and, as a Founding Father, a leader of the movement for American independence from Great Britain. He was also a dedicated diarist and correspondent, particularly with his wife and closest advisor Abigail.", "William Marbury ( November 7 , 1762 - March 13 , 1835 ) was a highly successful American businessman and one of the `` Midnight Judges '' appointed by United States President John Adams the day before he left office . He was the plaintiff in the landmark 1803 Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison . Marbury was born in Piscataway , Maryland . Named after his father , Marbury spent most of his early life in Maryland around his home . Marbury became a Georgetown businessman and member of the Federalist Party . In an effort to prevent the incoming party from dismantling his Federalist Party - dominated government , Adams issued 42 judicial appointments , including Marbury 's as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia , on March 3 , 1801 , the day before he turned his government over to incoming President Thomas Jefferson . Marbury had actively campaigned for Adams ( and against Jefferson ) in the presidential election of 1800 . Jefferson refused to honor Adams ' appointments on the grounds that Adams ' paperwork had not been delivered to the proper offices before the change of administration had taken place . Marbury then sued Jefferson 's secretary of state , James Madison , in the Supreme Court , asking it issue a writ of mandamus to force the Jefferson administration to honor Adams ' appointments . Marbury 's suit clarified the right of judicial review . Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall 's two - pronged decision averred that while the Court did not have the authority to issue the writ Marbury had requested , it did have the authority to review the constitutionality of actions of the federal executive and legislative branches of government , including those of the Adams and Jefferson administrations . Marbury 's former home in Georgetown is now known as `` Forrest - Marbury House '' and serves as the Ukrainian Embassy to the U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger placed portraits of William Marbury and James Madison in the small dining room of the Supreme Court , and designated the room `` the John Marshall room '' ." ]

[ "diarist", "diplomat", "father", "head of state", "lawyer", "political theorist", "president", "vice president" ]

[ "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913  April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office. He had previously served as a U.S. Representative and Senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower.", "Research comprises \"creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.\" It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.", "A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra. Some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups. In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families, such as the orchestra, which uses a string section, brass instruments, woodwinds and percussion instruments, or the concert band, which uses brass, woodwinds and percussion. ", "Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as \"one of America's original art forms\".", "The saxophone (also referred to as the sax) is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. The saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. Adolphe Sax wanted to create a group or series of instruments that would be the most powerful and vocal of the woodwinds, and the most adaptive of the brass instruments, that would fill the vacant middle ground between the two sections. He patented the saxophone on June 28, 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B and E, designed for military bands, have proved extremely popular and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. Instruments from the so-called \"orchestral\" series, pitched in C and F, never gained a foothold, and the B and E instruments have now replaced the C and F instruments when the saxophone is used in an orchestra.", "The Badge of Military Merit is considered the first military award of the United States Armed Forces. Although the Fidelity Medallion is older, after being issued to three soldiers for a specific event in 1780 it was never awarded again, so the Badge of Military Merit is often considered the oldest. The Purple Heart is the official successor decoration of the Badge of Military Merit.", "Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from 1974 to 1977. Prior to this he was the 40th Vice President of the United States, serving from 1973 until President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1974. He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, following the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew on October 10, 1973. Becoming president upon Richard Nixon's departure on August 9, 1974, he claimed the distinction as the first and to date only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to either office. Before ascending to the vice presidency, Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader.", "A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 1500 BC; they began to be used as musical instruments only in the late-14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips (called the player's embouchure), producing a \"buzzing\" sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape. ", "Capitol Records, LLC (also referred to simply as Capitol and Hollywood and Vine) is an American record label part of the Capitol Music Group and a wholly owned division of Universal Music Group (UMG). The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs. In 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records and the Capitol Music Group both a part of the Universal Music Group. Capitol Records' circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California.", "Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger ; May 27, 1923) is an American diplomat and political scientist. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as United States Secretary of State in the administrations of presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. For his actions negotiating an unsuccessful ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances, with two members of the committee resigning in protest. Kissinger later sought, unsuccessfully, to return the prize. After his term, his advice has been sought by world leaders including subsequent U.S. presidents.", "The Fidelity Medallion is the oldest decoration of the United States military and was created by act of the Continental Congress in 1780. Also known as the \"André Capture Medal\", the Fidelity Medallion was awarded to those soldiers who participated in the capture of Major John André, of the British army, who had been the contact to Benedict Arnold and had helped organize his defection.", "United Artists (UA) is an American film and television entertainment studio. The studio was founded in 1919 by D. W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks with the intention of controlling their own interests rather than depending upon commercial studios. The studio was repeatedly bought, sold and restructured over the ensuing century.", "Sir Charles Spencer \"Charlie\" Chaplin, (16 April 1889  25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame during the era of silent film. Chaplin became a worldwide icon through his screen persona \"the Tramp\" and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.", "Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American film actress, writer, director, and producer. She was a co-founder of the film studio United Artists and one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.", "A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Often, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists (\"artists and repertoire\" or \"A&R\"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term \"record label\" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.", "Francis Wolff (April 6, 1907 March 8, 1971) was a record company executive, photographer and record producer. Wolff's skills, as an executive and a photographer, were important contributions to the success of the Blue Note record label.", "John Herndon \"Johnny\" Mercer (November 18, 1909 June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter and singer. He was also the founder of Capitol Records.", "History.\nThe company was originally established in 1910 as part of Nippon Chikuonki Shokai (Japan Recorders Corporation), a manufacturer of single-sided disc records and gramophones. The company was originally called - Nippon 'DENki ONkyo Kabushikigaisha' which was shortened to the name of DEN-ON in Japanese. The company is actively involved with sound systems electric appliance production and later the company has been merged with other related companies as a result of this the company name became Denon.", "West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo.", "African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans. Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans prior to the American Civil War.", "The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.", "Sonny Lester ( born November 15 , 1924 ) is a Grammy - award winning music producer from New York City . He started his career as a musician in a big band jazz ensemble before being drafted into the U.S. Army . During the war he earned a Purple Heart and worked under Henry Kissinger , who was an intelligence officer at time . Lester 's recordings have been distributed over a number of labels , including Blue Note Records , United Artists , Capitol Records , Denon and CBS Records .", "Los Angeles (Spanish for \"The Angels\"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .", "EMI (officially EMI Group Limited, originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries and often known as EMI Records and EMI Music) was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry and was one of the big four record companies (now the big three). Its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a major publishing arm, EMI Music Publishingalso based in London with offices globally.", "Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.", "Blue Note Records is an American jazz record label, established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Max Margulis. Francis Wolff became involved shortly afterwards. It derives its name from the characteristic \"blue notes\" of jazz and the blues.", "National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located along NY 300 in the Town of New Windsor, New York, less than two miles south of the Town of Newburgh line and not far from the City of Newburgh. It is a Purple Heart national registry of military personnel that were injured or killed during combat. In 1782, at his headquarters, George Washington created the Badge of Military Merit to be given to enlisted men and noncommissioned officers for meritorious action. The museum is located right next to New Windsor Cantonment State Historic Site, the last base of the Continental Army.", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.", "The headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York City designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term \"Turtle Bay\" is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.", "Capitol Music Group (abbreviated as CMG) is an American front line umbrella label owned by the Universal Music Group (UMG). It oversees handling of record labels assigned to UMG's Capitol Records division and were inherited from its acquisition of EMI's catalog (save for Parlophone, which was sold to Warner Music Group (WMG) in 2013). It is one of five umbrella labels owned by UMG, with the other four being Interscope Geffen A&M, Island Records, Def Jam Recordings and Republic Records. Labels distributed under the CMG brand include Capitol Records, Virgin Records, Motown Records, Blue Note Records, Astralwerks, Harvest Records, Capitol Christian Music Group, Priority Records, Atom Factory Entertainment and Deep Well Records.", "A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organisations. The main functions of diplomats are: representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state; initiation and facilitation of strategic agreements; treaties and conventions; promotion of information; trade and commerce; technology; and friendly relations. Seasoned diplomats of international repute are used in international organisations (e.g. United Nations) as well as multinational companies for their experience in management and negotiating skills. Diplomats are members of foreign services and diplomatic corps of various nations of the world.", "George Gard \"Buddy\" DeSylva (January 27, 1895 July 11, 1950) was an American songwriter, film producer and record executive. He wrote or co-wrote many popular songs and along with Johnny Mercer and Glenn Wallichs, he founded Capitol Records.", "A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to today. A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The terms jazz band, jazz ensemble, stage band, jazz orchestra, and dance band are also used to refer to this type of ensemble. This does not, however, mean that each one of these names is technically correct for naming a \"big band\" specifically.", "New Orleans (or ) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New OrleansMetairieKenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New OrleansMetairieBogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502.", "Headquarters (HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities. In the UK, the term head office is most commonly used for the HQs of large corporations. The term is also used regarding military organizations.", "A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land. Port locations are selected to optimize access to land and navigable water, for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind and waves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but can handle larger ships. Since ports throughout history handled every kind of traffic, support and storage facilities vary widely, may extend for miles, and dominate the local economy. Some ports have an important military role.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "A rhythm section (also called a backup band) is a group of musicians within a music ensemble or band who provide the underlying rhythm and pulse of the accompaniment, providing a rhythmic reference and \"beat\" for the rest of the band. Many of the rhythm section instruments, such as keyboard instruments and guitars, are also used to play the chord progression upon which the song is based. The bass instrument (either double bass or electric bass, or another low-register instrument, such as synth bass, depending on the group and its style of music) plays the low-pitched bassline that supports the chord progression, typically by emphasizing the roots of the chords (and to a lesser degree the fifths and thirds of the chords).", "The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after April 5, 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth, the Purple Heart is the oldest military award still given to U.S. military members the only earlier award being the obsolete Fidelity Medallion. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Improvisation is broad term referring to the process of devising an atypical method of solving a problem due to lack of time or resources. In a technical context, this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for, or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion. Improvisation, within the context of performing arts, is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines.", "Ragtime also spelled rag-time or rag time is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918. Its cardinal trait is its syncopated, or \"ragged\", rhythm. The genre has its origins in African-American communities like St. Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano. Ernest Hogan (18651909) was a pioneer of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music. The composition was called \"LA Pas Ma LA\" and it was released in 1895. Hogan has also been credited for coining the term \"ragtime\". The term is actually derived from his hometown \"Shake Rag\" in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Ben Harney, who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public. His first ragtime composition \"You've been a good old wagon but you done broke\" helped popularize the musical genre. The composition was published in 1895 but released in 1896. Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms coming from African music. The ragtime composer Scott Joplin (\"ca.\" 18681917) became famous through the publication of the \"Maple Leaf Rag\" (1899) and a string of ragtime hits such as \"The Entertainer\" (1902), although he was later forgotten by all but a small, dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s. For at least 12 years after its publication, \"Maple Leaf Rag\" heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, harmonic progressions or metric patterns." ]

[ "actor", "actress", "advisor", "architect", "band", "cardinal", "commercial", "composer", "diplomacy", "diplomat", "diversity", "entertainment", "fashion", "film producer", "founder", "harpsichord", "hunting", "king", "lyricist", "major", "manufacturer", "marketing", "military", "military personnel", "official", "photographer", "pioneer", "political scientist", "politician", "prior", "producer", "r", "record producer", "research", "saint", "scientist", "scouting", "secretary of state", "socialist", "songwriter", "sovereign", "student", "taiwan", "television", "united states of america", "vice president", "writer" ]

[ "Meir David Kahane (August 1, 1932 November 5, 1990) was an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, ultra-Nationalist politician, teacher, and writer, whose work became either the direct or indirect foundation of most modern Jewish militant and far right-wing political groups. He was an ordained Orthodox rabbi, and later served as a member of the Israeli Knesset.", "Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane ( Hebrew : , born 3 October 1966 , died 31 December 2000 ) was a rabbi and the son of Rabbi Meir Kahane . Born in New York City , he emigrated to Israel with his family at the age of four , in 1971 . He was a young Israeli Orthodox Jewish scholar and rabbi who was most famous for his leadership of Kahane Chai , a far - right political party that broke from his father 's Kach party after Meir Kahane 's assassination in 1990 . He was convicted several times by Israeli courts for advocating violence against Arabs . Kahane was the author of The Haggada of the Jewish Idea , a commentary based on his father 's teachings of the Passover Haggadah read at the Passover Seder . He wrote a Torah portion sheet called Darka Shel Torah ( `` The Way of the Torah '' ) that was distributed for the weekly Torah portions . He and his wife Talya were shot and killed near the Israeli settlement of Ofra on 31 December 2000 . The Prime Minister 's Office subsequently announced the arrest of three members of Force 17 -- Talal Ghassan , Marzouk Abu Naim and Na'man Nofel -- who were believed to have carried out the attack under the instruction of PLO leader Col. Mahmoud Damra . However , in 2007 , Khaled Shawish was arrested for the attack . Kahane 's six children , Yehudis Leah , Meir David , Batya , Tzivya , Rivkah , and Shlomtziyon , are being raised by Talya 's younger sister and her husband in the family 's home in Kfar Tapuach .", "Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , \"Yehudah\", \"Judah\"; in Hebrew: , \"Yahadut\", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.", "Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.", "In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word ' , meaning \"My Master\" (irregular plural ' ), which is the way a student would address a master of Torah. The word \"master\" \"\" literally means \"great one\"." ]

[ "jewish people", "judaism", "middle east" ]

[ "Amir Pnueli ( Hebrew : ; April 22 , 1941 -- November 2 , 2009 ) was an Israeli computer scientist and the 1996 Turing Award recipient .", "The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to \"an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community\". It is stipulated that \"The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field\". The Turing Award is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science and the \"Nobel Prize of computing\".", "The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. It is a not-for-profit professional membership group. Its membership is more than 100,000 as of 2011. Its headquarters are in New York City." ]

[ "new york city", "york" ]

[ "Wrocaw (, ; ) is the largest city in western Poland. It is on the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. Wrocaw is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. At various times in history, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, the Austrian Empire, Prussia and Germany. It became part of Poland in 1945, as a result of the border changes after the Second World War. The population of Wrocaw in 2016 was 637,075 making it the fourth-largest city in Poland and the main city of Wrocaw agglomeration.", "Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as \"lo Stivale\" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "The Czech Republic, also known by the short name Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.", "Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, south of Gdask. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdaski, and the biggest town is Tczew. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture.", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "Pozna (known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region. It is best known for its renaissance Old Town, destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt, and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral. Today, Pozna is an important cultural and business centre and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Jarmark witojaski, traditional Saint Martin's croissants and a local dialect.", "Supsk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship (194550) and Koszalin Voivodeship (195075), superseded (since 1999) by Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Sawno County). Its capital city was Supsk. The Pomeranian province has a Tri-city with Supsk as the 4th City, but it was supposed to be the third or second but the city of Gdansk did not want it as there were political issues.", "West Pomeranian Voivodeship or West Pomerania Province (in Polish, \"województwo zachodniopomorskie\" ), is a voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-states of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north. Its capital and largest city is Szczecin.", "Pomeranian Voivodeship , Pomorskie Region , or Pomerania Province ( in Polish województwo pomorskie ( vjvutstf pmrsk ) , in Kashubian Pòmòrsczé wòjewództwò ) , is a voivodeship , or province , in north - central Poland . It comprises most of Pomerelia ( the easternmost part of historical Pomerania ) , as well as an area east of the Vistula River . The western part of the province , around Supsk , belonged historically to Farther Pomerania , while Pomerelia and the eastern bank of the Vistula belonged to the historical region of Prussia . The central parts of the province are also known as Kashubia , named after the Kashubian minority . The provincial capital is Gdask . The voivodeship was established on January 1 , 1999 , out of the former voivodeships of Gdask , Elblg and Supsk , pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998 . It is bordered by West Pomeranian Voivodeship to the west , Greater Poland and Kuyavian - Pomeranian Voivodeships to the south , Warmian - Masurian Voivodeship to the east , and the Baltic Sea to the north . It also shares a short land border with Russia , on the Vistula Spit . Gdask , the regional capital , forms part of the Tricity of Sopot , Gdask and Gdynia . The voivodeship also includes the narrow Hel Peninsula and the Polish half of the Vistula Spit . Other tourist destinations include Sopot , Jurata , eba , Wadysawowo , Puck , Krynica Morska , Ustka , Jastarnia , Kunica , Bytów and many fishing ports and lighthouses . The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more , which means Land at the Sea .", "Kraków, also Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and is one of Poland's most important economic hubs. It was the capital of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1038 to 1569; the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795; the Free City of Kraków from 1815 to 1846; the Grand Duchy of Cracow from 1846 to 1918; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1998. It has been the capital of Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999.", "The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek: , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title \"Augustus\", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.", "Kashubia or Cassubia is a language area in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northwestern Poland. It is defined by the widespread use of the Kashubian language. ", "Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.", "Szczecin (German and , known also by other alternative names) is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811.", "Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "A province is almost always an administrative division, within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman \"provincia\", which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries, and in those with no actual provinces, it has come to mean \"outside the capital city\". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of federal authority, especially in Canada. In other countries, like China, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.", "The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.", "Kaliningrad Oblast (\"Kaliningradskaya oblast\") is a federal subject of the Russian Federation that is located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. As an oblast, its constitutional status is equal to each of the other 84 federal subjects. Its administrative center is the city of Kaliningrad, formerly known as Königsberg. It is the only Baltic port in the Russian Federation that remains ice-free in winter. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 941,873.", "Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Supsk (also known by several alternative names) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Before 1 January 1999, it was the capital of the separate Supsk Voivodeship. It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "Farther Pomerania, Further Pomerania, Transpomerania or Eastern Pomerania, is the part of Pomerania which comprised the eastern part of the Duchy and later Province of Pomerania. It stretched roughly from the Oder River in the West to Pomerelia in the East. Since 1945 Farther Pomerania has been part of Poland; the bulk of former Farther Pomerania is within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, while its easternmost parts are within the Pomeranian Voivodeship. The Polish term \"Pomorze Zachodnie\" (\"Western Pomerania\"), in modern Polish usage, is a synonym to the West Pomeranian Voivodship; in Polish historical usage it applied to all areas west of Pomerelia (i.e. whole narrow Pomerania).", "\"For the medieval duchy, see Pomeranian duchies and dukes\"\nGdask Pomerania or Eastern Pomerania (Polish: \"Pomorze Wschodnie\"; Kashubian: \"Pòrénkòwô Pòmòrskô\") is a geographical region in northern Poland covering the eastern part of Pomeranian Voivodeship. These are modern designations for territory previously called West Prussia and Royal Prussia and including the historical areas of Pomerelia, Supsk, Chemno Land, Lubawa, Michaów Land, and Pomesania. The area was termed Polish Pomerania (\"Polskie Pomorze\") since at least the 18th century to distinguish it from Hither and Farther Pomerania. In the late 19th century this term was used in order to stress Polish claims to that area that was then ruled by German Prussia. Following World War I, much of this area became part of the new Second Polish Republic and, after World War II, Poland gained the remainder of the area including the city of Gdask (Danzig). The current designations replaced Polish Pomerania since Farther Pomerania and a small part of Hither Pomerania (\"Vorpommern\") were also ceded to Poland as part of the territories recovered from Germany.", "Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "Gdask (German: ) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast. It is the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland's principal seaport and is also the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.", "Pomerania is a region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .", "Pomerelia, also referred to as Eastern Pomerania or Gdask Pomerania, is a historical region in northern Poland. Pomerelia lay on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea and west of the Vistula river. Its capital and biggest city is Gdask. Since 1999 the region has formed the core of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Pomerelia is part of the historical region of Prussia and is traditionally divided into Kashubia and Kociewie." ]

[ "azov", "beijing", "berlin", "bratislava", "chongqing", "cologne", "düsseldorf", "eu", "gdańsk", "hamburg", "kaliningrad oblast", "koszalin", "kraków", "martin", "montreal", "most", "munich", "old town", "ottawa", "polotsk", "pomeranian voivodeship", "poznań", "prague", "quebec", "riga", "roman", "rome", "san marino", "shanghai", "shenzhen", "split", "szczecin", "sławno", "słupsk", "tianjin", "toronto", "tuchola", "warsaw", "wrocław" ]

[ "Da Ali G Show is a British-American satirical television series created by and starring English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. In the series, Baron Cohen plays three unorthodox journalists faux-streetwise poseur Ali G, Kazakh reporter Borat Sagdiyev, and gay Austrian fashion enthusiast Brüno Gehard. These characters conduct real interviews with unsuspecting people, many of whom are celebrities, high-ranking government officials and other well-known persons, during which they are asked absurd and ridiculous questions.", "Ali G Indahouse is a 2002 British comedy film directed by Mark Mylod and starring the fictional character Ali G, who is written and performed by comedian Sacha Baron Cohen.", "\"Out of Your Mind\" is a song by True Steppers and Dane Bowers featuring Victoria Beckham. It was Victoria Beckham's first solo single release. The single was released on August 14th 2000.", "The 11 O'Clock Show was a satirical late-night British television comedy series on Channel 4, which featured topical sketches and commentary on news items. It ran from 30 September 1998 to 8 December 2000, most notably, while hosted by Iain Lee and Daisy Donovan. The show launched the careers of Ricky Gervais and Sacha Baron Cohen.", "The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as \"The Daily Telegraph and Courier\".", "Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. A graduate of Christ's College, Cambridge, Baron Cohen is most widely known for creating and portraying four fictional characters: Ali G, Borat Sagdiyev, Brüno Gehard and Admiral General Aladeen. Like his idol Peter Sellers, he uses a variety of accents and guises for his characters.", "Brüno Gehard (sometimes spelled \"Bruno\" or \"Brueno\") is a retired satirical fictional character portrayed by English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. A flamboyantly gay Austrian fashion reporter, Brüno first appeared during short sketches on The Paramount Comedy Channel in 1998, before reappearing on \"Da Ali G Show\" with his partner Adrian Chan. Following the success of \"Ali G Indahouse\" and \"Borat\", Universal Studios gained rights to produce and release a feature film, \"Brüno\". Along with Baron Cohen's other character, Borat, Brüno has been retired.", "Sir James Wilson Vincent \"Jimmy\" Savile, OBE, KCSG (31 October 1926 29 October 2011) was an English DJ, television and radio personality, dance hall manager, and charity fundraiser. He hosted the BBC television show \"Jim'll Fix It\", was the first and last presenter of the long-running BBC music chart show \"Top of the Pops\", and raised an estimated £40 million for charities. At the time of his death he was widely praised for his personal qualities and as a fund-raiser. After his death, hundreds of allegations of sexual abuse were made against him, leading the police to believe that Savile had been a predatory sex offenderpossibly one of Britain's most prolific. There had been allegations during his lifetime, but they were dismissed and accusers ignored or disbelieved; Savile took legal action against some accusers.", "Virgin Records is a major record label first founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell and musician Tom Newman in 1972. The company grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time with the success of its platinum performers such as Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Spice Girls and more on their list of artists. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992.", "Borat! Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (or simply Borat) is a 2006 British-American mockumentary comedy film. The film was written and produced by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen who also plays the title character, Borat Sagdiyev, a fictitious Kazakh journalist travelling through the United States recording real-life interactions with Americans. The film was directed by Larry Charles and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Much of the film features unscripted vignettes of Borat interviewing and interacting with Americans, who believe he is a foreigner with little or no understanding of American customs. It is the second of three films built around Baron Cohen's characters from \"Da Ali G Show\" (200004): the first, \"Ali G Indahouse\", was released in 2002, and featured a cameo by Borat, and the third, \"Brüno\", was released in 2009. The film is produced by Baron Cohen's production company, Four By Two Productions (\"Four By Two\" is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Jew\").", "The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group formed in 1994. The group originally consisted of Melanie Brown (\"Scary Spice\"), Melanie Chisholm (\"Sporty Spice\"), Emma Bunton (\"Baby Spice\"), Geri Halliwell (\"Ginger Spice\"), and Victoria Beckham, née Adams (\"Posh Spice\"). They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996, which hit number one in 37 countries and established them as a global phenomenon. Their debut album \"Spice\" sold more than 31 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling album by a female group in history. Their follow-up album \"Spiceworld\" sold over 20 million copies worldwide. The Spice Girls have sold over 80 million records worldwide, making them the best-selling female group of all time, one of the best-selling pop groups of all time, and the biggest British pop phenomenon since Beatlemania. Among the highest profile acts in 1990s British popular culture, \"Time\" called them \"arguably the most recognisable face\" of Cool Britannia, the mid-1990s celebration of youth culture in the UK.", "Bling Bling is a straight - to - video release of clips from the Da Ali G Show , plus unaired segments and an interview with David and Victoria Beckham from a Comic Relief special . It is hosted by Ali G himself .", "Borat Sagdiyev (; born February 27, 1972) is a satirical character, created and performed by Sacha Baron Cohen. He is a Kazakh journalist and is the main protagonist of \"Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan\".", "Victoria Caroline Beckham, (Adams; born 17 April 1974) is an English businesswoman, fashion designer, model, and singer. In the late 1990s, Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls, and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British music magazine \"Top of the Pops\". After the Spice Girls split, she was signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records and had four UK Top 10 singles. Her first release, \"Out of Your Mind\", reached #2 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Alistair Leslie Graham better known as Ali G is a satirical fictional character created and performed by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. Originally appearing on Channel 4's \"The 11 O'Clock Show\", and subsequently as the title character of Channel 4's \"Da Ali G Show\" in 2000 and on HBO in 20032004, he is also the title character of the film \"Ali G Indahouse\". In December 2007, in an interview with \"The Daily Telegraph\", Baron Cohen announced that Ali G, along with Borat, had been retired. However, Ali G returned at the 2012 British Comedy Awards to accept Baron Cohen's Outstanding Achievement Award, causing controversy by making jokes about Kate Middleton and Jimmy Savile. Ali G returned to television with \"Ali G Rezurection\" in 2014. Rezurection features new introductions by Ali G to some old highlights of Da Ali G Show.", "Brüno is a 2009 American mockumentary comedy film directed by Larry Charles and starring Sacha Baron Cohen, who produced, co-wrote, and played the gay Austrian fashion journalist Brüno. It is the third film based on one of Cohen's characters from \"Da Ali G Show\"; the first were \"Ali G Indahouse\" and \"Borat\"." ]

[ "ali", "arthur", "baby", "daisy donovan", "english", "genesis", "iain lee", "james wilson", "janet jackson", "lenny kravitz", "ll", "melanie brown", "peter sellers", "ricky gervais", "roy orbison", "sacha baron cohen", "the time", "victoria beckham", "vincent" ]

[ "Krzysztof Kielowski (27 June 1941 13 March 1996) was an influential Polish art-house film director and screenwriter known internationally for \"Dekalog\" (1989), \"The Double Life of Veronique\" (1991), and the \"Three Colors trilogy\" (19931994). Kielowski received numerous awards during his career, including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (1991); the Venice Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993); and the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Bear (1994). In 1995 he received Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Writing. In 2002 Kielowski was listed at number two on the British Film Institute's \"Sight & Sound\" Top Ten Directors list of modern times.", "Bogusaw Linda (born 1952) is a Polish actor known from films such as \"Psy\" and \"Tato\". He appeared in Andrzej Wajda's \"Man of Iron\" and \"Danton\" and in Krzysztof Kieslowski's \"Blind Chance\" and the seventh episode of Kieslowski's \"Dekalog\".", "Andrzej Witold Wajda (6 March 1926 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar and the Palme d'Or, he was a prominent member of the \"Polish Film School\". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of \"A Generation\" (1954), \"Kana\" (1956) and \"Ashes and Diamonds\" (1958).", "Man of Iron is a 1981 film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It depicts the Solidarity labour movement and its first success in persuading the Polish government to recognize the workers' right to an independent union.", "The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival (\"International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale\"), founded in 1932, is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the \"Big Three\" film festivals alongside the Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival.", "The Prize of the Ecumenical Jury is an independent film award for feature films at major international film festivals since 1973. The award was created by Christian film makers, film critics and other film professionals. The objective of the award is to \"honour works of artistic quality which witnesses to the power of film to reveal the mysterious depths of human beings through what concerns them, their hurts and failings as well as their hopes.\" The ecumenical jury can be composed out of 8, 6, 5, 4 or 3 members, who are nominated by SIGNIS for the Catholics and Interfilm for the Protestants. SIGNIS and Interfilm appoint ecumenical juries at various international film festivals, including Cannes Film Festival (where The Ecumenical Jury is one of three juries at the film festival, along with the official jury and the FIPRESCI jury), Berlin International Film Festival, Locarno International Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival and the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.", "Dekalog (also known as \"Dekalog: The Ten Commandments\" and \"The Decalogue\") is a 1989 Polish television drama series directed by Krzysztof Kielowski and co-written by Kielowski with Krzysztof Piesiewicz, with music by Zbigniew Preisner. It consists of ten one-hour films, inspired by the Ten Commandments. Each short film explores one or several moral or ethical issues faced by characters living in an austere apartment block in modern Poland.", "Blind Chance ( Polish : Przypadek ) is a Polish film written and directed by Krzysztof Kielowski and starring Bogusaw Linda . The film presents three separate storylines , told in succession , about a man running after a train and how such an ordinary incident could influence the rest of the man 's life . Originally filmed in 1981 , Blind Chance was suppressed by the Polish authorities for several years until its delayed release in Poland on 10 January 1987 .", "The British Film Institute (BFI) is a film and charitable organisation which promotes and preserves filmmaking and television in the United Kingdom.", "The Double Life of Veronique is a 1991 French-Polish-Norwegian drama film directed by Krzysztof Kielowski and starring Irène Jacob. Written by Kielowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz, the film explores the themes of identity, love, and human intuition through the characters of Weronika, a Polish choir soprano, and her double, Véronique, a French music teacher. The two women do not know each other, and yet they share a mysterious and emotional bond that transcends language and geography. The film is notable for Sawomir Idziak's innovative cinematography and Zbigniew Preisner's haunting operatic score. The film was Kielowski's first to be produced partly outside his native Poland. \"The Double Life of Veronique\" won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury and the FIPRESCI Prize at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival for Krzysztof Kieslowski, and the Best Actress Award for Irène Jacob. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee." ]

[ "art", "christian", "drama", "drama film", "geography", "government", "independent film", "march", "share", "television", "television drama", "various" ]

[ "Einojuhani Rautavaara (9 October 1928 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music. He is among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (18651957).", "This is a list of compositions by Einojuhani Rautavaara . Rautavaara stopped using opus numbers for his new compositions during the 1970s . In addition , Rautavaara has revised several of his compositions many years after they were originally composed . Therefore , using opus numbers in connection with his works is not a necessity .", "In musical composition, the Opus number is the \"work number\" that is assigned to a composition, or to a set of compositions, to indicate the chronological order of the composer's production. Opus numbers are used to distinguish among compositions with similar titles; the word is abbreviated as \"Op.\" for a single work, or \"Opp.\" when referring to more than one work.", "Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: \nEuropean art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.", "A composer (Latin \"compn\"; literally \"one who puts together\") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).", "Jean Sibelius, born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius (8 December 186520 September 1957), was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely recognized as his country's greatest composer and, through his music, is often credited with having helped Finland to develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia." ]

[ "century", "composer", "music", "musical composition", "opera", "person", "singer", "song", "system", "term", "violinist" ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement on March 27, 2005. The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns, residents, and attendings as they gradually evolve into seasoned doctors, while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray. The show's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as an executive producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. Although the show is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital (Formerly Seattle Grace-Mercy West) it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles, California. The show was originally titled \"Complications\" following the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the cast.", "Samuel \"Sam\" Osei Sarpong, Jr. (December 19, 1974 26 October 2015) was an English actor, super-model, and musician. He performed in over sixty feature films, and fifty-five television shows, including such films as \"Carmen The Hip Hopera\", \"Love Don't Cost a Thing\", \"Keeping Up with the Steins\", \"Anchor Baby\" and \"No Weapons\", for which he won best lead actor at the San Diego Film Festival. He was also the host on MTV's \"Yo Momma\". for three seasons. He was one of the first black male models for designer Tommy Hilfiger and was the face of the brand for over six years.", "MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as \"video jockeys\" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.", "Destiny Lightsy is an American actress, singer and dancer who serves as the co-host for the third season of MTV's reality game show \"Yo Momma\", hosted by Wilmer Valderrama.", "That '70s Show is an American television period sitcom that originally aired on Fox from August 23, 1998, to May 18, 2006. The series focused on the lives of a group of teenage friends living in the fictional suburban town of Point Place, Wisconsin, from May 17, 1976, to December 31, 1979.", "Handy Manny is an American-Canadian CGI animated children's television program. It first aired on September 16, 2006 as originally part of Disney Channel's Playhouse Disney daily block intended for preschoolers. On February 14, 2011, it was moved to the Disney Junior block, serving as Playhouse Disney's replacement. The show's title character is voiced by Wilmer Valderrama. Children aged 49 were usually the show's audience.", "Wilmer Eduardo Valderrama (born January 30, 1980) is an American actor, singer, producer and television personality, best known for the role of Fez in the sitcom \"That '70s Show\" (19982006) and Carlos Madrigal in American horror television series \"\" (2014). He was also host of the MTV series \"Yo Momma\" (20062007), voiced the character of Manny in the children's show \"Handy Manny\" (20062012) and had recurring roles on \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"The Ranch\" and \"NCIS\" in 2016.", "Yo Momma was an American television show based upon insulting one 's mother . Creators , executive producers and hosts are Wilmer Valderrama , along with Sam Sarpong ( Seasons 1 and 2 ) , Jason Everhart and Destiny Lightsy . The show -- which ran from 2006 to 2007 , and as the title suggests -- used `` yo momma '' jokes , and many episodes featured guest appearances from rappers .", "Keeping Up with the Steins is a 2006 comedy film directed by Scott Marshall, and starring Garry Marshall, Jeremy Piven, Jami Gertz and Daryl Hannah. The film is also a commentary on how too many Jewish families see a bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah not as a coming of age for their son or daughter, but rather as an excuse to throw outrageously lavish parties.", "Thomas Jacob \"Tommy\" Hilfiger (born March 24, 1951) is an American fashion designer best known for founding the lifestyle brand Tommy Hilfiger Corporation in 1985. After starting his career by co-founding a chain of clothing and record stores in upstate New York in the 1970s, he began designing preppy sportswear for his own eponymous menswear line in the 1980s. The company later expanded into women's clothing and various luxury items such as perfumes, and went public in 1992. In 1997, Hilfiger published his first book, titled \"All American: A Style Book\", and he has written several since, including \"Tommy Hilfiger\" through Assouline in 2010. Hilfiger's memoirs \"American Dreamer,\" co-written with Peter Knobler, were published November 1, 2016. " ]

[ "1", "1980", "age", "anatomy", "brand", "censorship", "chain", "change", "city", "clothing", "college", "comedy", "commentary", "criticism", "debate", "december", "division", "drama", "episodes", "fashion", "feature", "february", "film", "film festival", "five", "fox", "game show", "initialism", "january", "lifestyle", "line", "march", "may", "mitzvah", "model", "mother", "music", "music video", "network", "november", "october", "period", "personality", "point", "public", "role", "school", "season", "set", "show", "television program", "television show", "three", "town" ]

[ "Left-bank Ukraine is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv, Poltava and Sumy as well as the eastern parts of Kiev and Cherkasy.", "The Chernigov Governorate (translit.: \"Chernigovskaya guberniya\"), also known as the Government of Chernigov, was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the Malorossiya Governorate with an administrative centre of Chernihiv. The Little Russian Governorate was transformed into the General Government of Little Russia and consisted of Chernigov Governorate, Poltava Governorate, and later Kharkov Governorate.", "Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.", "Pavlo Arhypovych Zahrebelnyi ( Ukrainian : ) or Zagrebelnyi ( Russian : ) ( August 25 , 1924 in Soloshyne village , Poltava Governorate -- February 3 , 2009 in Kiev ) was a Ukrainian novelist . In 1941 , when Germany invaded the Soviet Union Pavlo enlisted the Red Army as a volunteer . He participated in the Battle of Kiev and was severely wounded . He was the editor - in - chief of Literaturna Ukrayina ( 1961 -- 1962 ) . He was an author of short stories , novels about the war and also social and historical novels . He is a laureate of the State Award of Ukraine ( 1974 ) and the State Award of the USSR ( 1980 ) . He was also awarded the Hero of Ukraine award for his works on August 25 , 2004 . One of his best known novels is Roksolana ( 1980 ) , about the life of Anastasia Lisovska , a Ruthenian girl from Galicia who became a wife of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent and played a prominent role in the sixteenth century Ottoman Empire . On February 5 , 2009 President Victor Yushchenko paid his last respects to Zahrebelnyi . Zahrebelny 's books have been translated into 23 languages .", "Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population in July 2015 was (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.", "The Dnieper River or (also known as: \"Dnepr\", \"Dnyapro\" or \"Dnipro\") is one of the major rivers of Europe (fourth by length), rising near Smolensk, Russia and flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth longest river in Europe. \nThe total length ranges between and with a drainage basin of .\nThe river is noted for its dams and hydroelectric stations. The Dnieper is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected via the DnieperBug Canal to other waterways in Europe.", "Poltava (Ukrainian, Russian: ) is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the capital city of the Poltava Oblast (province) and of the surrounding Poltava Raion (district) of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 294,962 .", "Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.", "The Poltava Governorate (translit.: \"Poltavskaya guberniya\") or Government of Poltava was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Malorossiya Governorate which was split between the Chernigov Governorate and Poltava Governorate with an administrative center of Poltava." ]

[ "belarus", "capital city", "center", "centre", "chernigov governorate", "hungary", "kiev", "liberal", "of", "peninsula", "poland", "poltava", "poltava governorate", "poltava oblast", "russia", "slovakia", "smolensk", "southeast", "split", "sumy", "ukraine" ]

[ "A webisode is an episode of a series that is distributed as web television. It is available as either for download or in streaming, as opposed to first airing on broadcast or cable television. The format can be used as a preview, a promotion, as part of a collection of shorts, or a commercial. A webisode may or may not have been broadcast on TV. What defines it is its online distribution on the web, or through video-sharing web sites such as Vimeo or YouTube. While there is no set standard for length, most webisodes are relatively short, ranging from 315 minutes in length. It is a single web episode, but collectively is part of a web series, a form called web television that characteristically features a dramatic, serial storyline, where the primary method of viewership is streaming online over the Internet. The term \"webisode\" (a portmanteau formed from the words 'web' and 'episode') was first introduced in the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary in 2009.", "Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., Eastern and Pacific Time. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two prior television programming blocks seen on Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi. The name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).", "Worst Week is an American sitcom which originally aired on CBS from September 22, 2008 to June 6, 2009. The series was based on the British sitcom \"The Worst Week of My Life\". The show was adapted for American audiences by Fox under the title \"Worst Week of My Life\", but a series failed to materialize after the pilot was filmed.", "Childrens Hospital (originally titled Children's Hospital as webisodes) is a satirical American comedy television series and web series that parodies the medical drama genre, created by and starring actor/comedian Rob Corddry. The series began on the web on TheWB.com with ten episodes, roughly five minutes in length, all of which premiered on December 8, 2008. Adult Swim picked up the rights to the show in 2009 and began airing episodes in 2010.", "Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that operates daily from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM (ET/PT) and is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was launched on October 1, 1992. ", "A medical drama is a television program in which events center upon a hospital, an ambulance staff, or any medical environment and most medical episodes are one hour long and set in a hospital. Most current medical dramatic programming go beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. A typical medical drama might have a storyline in which two doctors fall in love. Communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, in his on the nature of media, predicted success for this particular genre on TV because the medium \"creates an obsession with bodily welfare\". ", "Toonami is a brand name geared towards action-oriented programming, primarily consisting of American animation and Japanese anime. Originally an afternoon and evening block on Cartoon Network and ended on September 20, 2008, it is now (as of May 18, 2012) a late Saturday night adult-orientated animation block on Adult Swim. The brand was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street. The name is a portmanteau of the words \"cartoon\" and \"tsunami\", suggesting a \"tidal wave\" of animated shows.", "The Worst Week of My Life is a British television sitcom, first broadcast on BBC One between March and April 2004. A second series was aired between November and December 2005 and a three-part Christmas special, \"The Worst Christmas of My Life\" was shown during December 2006. It was written by Mark Bussell and Justin Sbresni.", "A web series is a series of scripted or non-scripted videos, generally in episodic form, released on the Internet and part of the web television medium, which first emerged in the late 1990s and become more prominent in the early 2000s (decade). A single instance of a web series program can be called an episode or \"webisode\", however the latter term is not often used. In general, web series can be watched on a range of platforms, including desktop, laptop, tablets and smartphones. They can also be watched on television. ", "Robert William \"Rob\" Corddry (born February 4, 1971) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his work as a correspondent on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\" (20022006) and for his starring role in the comedy film \"Hot Tub Time Machine\" (2010). He is also the creator and star of the Adult Swim comedy series \"Childrens Hospital\" and won his first and second Emmy Awards in September 2012 and September 2013. Corddry currently co-stars in the HBO series \"Ballers\".", "Erinn Hayes ( née Carter ; born May 25 , 1976 ) is an American actress . She is known for her role as Dr. Lola Spratt on the Adult Swim comedy Childrens Hospital . She has played roles in a number of network sitcoms , including Alison on The Winner ( 2007 ) , Melanie Clayton on Worst Week ( 2008 -- 2009 ) , and Sheila on Guys with Kids ( 2012 -- 2013 ) . In 2012 , she had her first feature film role in the black comedy It 's a Disaster ." ]

[ "actor", "commercial", "general", "major", "programming", "television" ]

[ "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the \"first colonial empire\", that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost, and the \"second colonial empire\", which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam (1955) and Algeria (1962), and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960.", "Béhanzin (1844 December 10, 1906) is considered the eleventh (if Adandozan is not counted) King of Dahomey, modern-day Benin. Upon taking the throne, he changed his name from Kondo. He succeeded his father, Glele, and ruled from 1889 to 1894. Béhanzin was Abomey's last independent ruler established through traditional power structures. He led the national resistance during the Dahomey War.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.", "Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "Abomey is a city in the Zou Department of Benin. Abomey is also the former capital of the ancient Kingdom of Dahomey (\"c.\" 16001904), which would later become a French colony, then the Republic of Dahomey (19601975), and is the modern-day Republic of Benin.", "Toulouse is the capital city of the southwestern French department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region. The city lies on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean, and from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France with 466,297 inhabitants in January 2014. \nThe Toulouse Metro area is, with 1 312 304 inhabitants as of 2014, France's 4th metropolitan area after Paris, Lyon and Marseille and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.", "Lille is a city in northern France, in French Flanders. On the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region and the prefecture of the Nord department.", "The English Channel (\"the Sleeve\" [hence ] \"Sea of Brittany\" \"British Sea\"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.", "Agoli - agbo is considered to have been the twelfth and final King of Dahomey . He took the throne after the previous king , Béhanzin , went into exile after a failed war with France . He was in power from 1894 to 1900 . The exile of Béhanzin did not legalize the French colonization . The French general Alfred Dodds offered the throne to every one of the immediate royal family , in return for a signature on a treaty establishing a French protectorate over the Kingdom ; all refused . Finally , Béhanzin 's Army Chief of Staff Prince Agoli - agbo , brother of Béhanzin and son of King Glélé , signed . He was appointed to the throne , as a ' traditional chief ' rather than head of state of a sovereign nation , by the French when he agreed to sign the instrument of surrender . He ' reigned ' for only six years , assisted by a French Viceroy . The French prepared for direct administration , which they achieved on February 12 , 1900 . Agoli - agbo went into exile in Gabon . In 1910 , he was allowed to return and to live in the Save - Region . He occasionally returned to Abomey in order to perform ancestor worship for the departed kings . Agoli - agbo 's symbols are a leg kicking a rock , a bow ( a symbol of the return to traditional weapons under the new rules established by the colonial administrators ) , and a broom .", "The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or \"shelf\") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .", "Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: \"\") is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.", "Benin (or -; ), officially the Republic of Benin and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. A majority of the population live on its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 square kilometers and its population in 2015 was estimated to be approximately 10.88 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.", "The Fon people, also called Fon nu, Agadja or Dahomey, are a major West African ethnic and linguistic group. They are the largest ethnic group in Benin found particularly in its south region; they are also found in southwest Nigeria and Togo. Their total population is estimated to be about 3,500,000 people, and they speak the Fon language, a member of the Niger-Congo language group.", "Dahomey was an African kingdom (located in the area of the present-day country of Benin) that existed from about 1600 until 1894, when the last king, Behanzin, was defeated by the French, and the country was annexed into the French colonial empire. Dahomey developed on the Abomey Plateau amongst the Fon people in the early 17th century and became a regional power in the 18th century by conquering key cities on the Atlantic coast.", "Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.", "Adandozan was a King of the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, from 1797 until 1818. His rule ended with a coup by his brother Ghezo who then erased Adandozan from the official history resulting in high uncertainty about many aspects of his life. Adandozan took over from his father Agonglo in 1797 but was quite young at the time and so there was a regent in charge of the kingdom until 1804. Dealing with the economic depression that had defined the administrations of his father Agonglo and grandfather Kpengla, Adandozan tried to increase slave raiding, increase European trade, and when these failed reform the economy to focus on agriculture. Unfortunately, these efforts did not end domestic dissent and in 1818 at the Annual Customs of Dahomey, Ghezo and Francisco Félix de Sousa, a powerful Brazilian slave trader, organized a coup d'état and replaced Adandozan. He was left alive and lived until the 1860s hidden in the palaces while he was largely erased from official royal history.", "French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.", "Lyon or (more archaically) Lyons (or ) is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about from Paris and from Marseille. Inhabitants of the city are called \"Lyonnais\".", "The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the \nSwiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. \nThe largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about ." ]

[ "algeria", "american", "austria", "belgium", "benin", "brazil", "british", "brittany", "burkina faso", "cyprus", "earth", "england", "estonia", "france", "french guiana", "french republic", "germany", "great britain", "greece", "ireland", "liechtenstein", "madagascar", "malta", "monaco", "netherlands", "nigeria", "portugal", "suriname", "vietnam" ]

[ "Beijing (formerly romanised as Peking) is the capital of the People's Republic of China and the world's third most populous city proper. It is also one of the world's most populous capital cities. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighbouring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.", "Fuzhou, formerly romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong (lit. Eastern Fujian) linguistic and cultural area.", "Xtep International Holdings Limited ( Chinese : ; pinyin : Tèbù ) is a publicly traded sportswear company headquartered in Hong Kong , and Xiamen , Fujian , China . It is engaged in the design , development , manufacture and sales of sportswear under the company - owned `` Xtep '' brand . It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in June 2008 . On 18 January 2010 , Xtep released a press statement confirming they had secured a five - year kit sponsorship deal worth around £ 7m with English Premier League club Birmingham City . Birmingham 's vice chairman Peter Pannu hailed the deal as `` the biggest sponsorship the club has acquired '' and stated that `` Xtep are big players in the sportswear market in China and this partnership will expand the Birmingham City FC brand in the Far East . '' However , on 29 June 2012 Birmingham City announced that they scrapped the five - year deal . On 22 July 2011 , Xtep announced a five - year cooperation agreement with Spanish La Liga giant Villarreal CF for a kit sponsorship deal .", "Quanzhou, formerly known as Chinchew, is a prefecture-level city beside the Taiwan Strait in Fujian Province, China. Its is Fujian's largest metropolitan region, with an area of and, as of the 2010 census, a population of 8,128,530. Its built-up area is home to 6,107,475 inhabitants, encompassing the Licheng, Fengze, and Luojiang urban districts; Jinjiang, Nan'an, and Shishi cities; Hui'an County; and the Quanzhou District for Taiwanese Investment. Quanzhou was China's 12th-largest extended metropolitan area in 2010.", "Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau; however, it usually includes Hainan. The term \"mainland China\", which avoids calling the area simply \"China\" and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as \"the\" \"China\", was coined by the Kuomintang (KMT) after receiving control of Taiwan from Japan after World War II. By 1949, the KMT-led Republic of China (ROC) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of Taiwan where the KMT pledged to \"retake the Mainland\". The KMT considers both sides of the Taiwan Strait (including Taiwan), as (one) \"China\" and one country, whereas Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) considers only mainland China as \"China\" and Taiwan (ROC) as \"Taiwan\" and maintains that they are different countries.", "Shanghai (\": Zånhae\" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.", "The Pearl River Delta (PRD), also known as Zhujiang Delta or Zhusanjiao, is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most densely urbanised regions in the world and is an economic hub of China. This region is often considered an emerging megacity. The PRD is a megalopolis, with future development into a single mega metropolitan area, yet itself is at the southern end of a larger megalopolis running along the southern coast of China, which include metropolises such as Chaoshan, Zhangzhou-Xiamen, Quanzhou-Putian, and Fuzhou. The nine largest cities of PRD had a combined population of 57.15 million at the end of 2013, comprising 53.69% of the provincial population. According to the World Bank Group, the PRD has become the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.", "Guangdong (Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population increase since the census has been modest, the province at 2014 end had 107,240,000 people.", "Macau (literally: \"Bay Gate\"), (in Portuguese, which is still widely used in the city) also spelled Macao (in English), officially the Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South. Hong Kong lies about to its East across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world.", "Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or measurable human interaction (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing patterns). Design has different connotations in different fields (see design disciplines below). In some cases, the direct construction of an object (as in pottery, engineering, management, coding, and graphic design) is also considered to be design.", ", formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.", "Hokkien (from ) is a group of Southern Min (Min Nan) Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeastern China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and by other overseas Chinese. Hokkien originated in southern Fujian, the Min-speaking province. It is closely related to Teochew, though there is limited mutual intelligibility, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese. Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.", "Xiamen, formerly romanized as Amoy, is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian, China, beside the Taiwan Strait. It is divided into six districts: Huli, Siming, Jimei, Tong'an, Haicang, and Xiang'an. Altogether, these cover an area of with a population of 3,531,347 as of 2010. The urbanized area of the city has spread from its original island to include parts of all six of its districts, with a total population of 1,861,289. This area connects to Quanzhou in the north and Zhangzhou in the west, making up a metropolis of more than five million people. The Jinmen or Kinmen Islands administered by the Republic of China lie less than away.", "Fujian (pronounced ), formerly romanised as Foken, Fouken, Fukien, and Hokkien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jianzhou (a former name for Jian'ou) two cities in Fujian, during the Tang dynasty. While its population is chiefly of Han origin, it is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China.", "Chongqing, formerly transliterated as Chungking, is a major city in Southwest China and one of the Five national central cities in China. Administratively, it is one of China's four direct-controlled municipalities (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin), and the only such municipality in inland China.", "East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.", "Shenzhen is a major city in Guangdong Province, China. The city is located immediately north of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.", "Tianjin, formerly romanized as Tientsin, is a metropolis in northern coastal Mainland China, administered by the People's Republic of China and one of the five national central cities of China, with a total municipal population of 15,469,500. It is governed as one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in northern China.", "The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CPC is the sole governing party of China, although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that comprise the United Front; these parties, however, hold no real power or independence from the CPC. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 the CPC had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, thus leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The CPC is currently the world's second largest political party with a membership of 88.76 million as of 2016 (while the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party appears to have remained the largest with a membership of 110 million as of the previous year, 2015). It also controls the world's largest armed force, the People's Liberation Army. ", "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries.\nConstruction starts with planning, design, and financing; and continues until the project is built and ready for use.", "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Jurisdiction (from the Latin \"ius, \" meaning \"law\" and \"\" meaning \"to speak\") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law.", "Kinmen or Quemoy (see also \"Names\" section below), officially Kinmen County, is a group of islands, governed by the Republic of China (ROC), which is located just off the southeastern coast of mainland China, including Great Kinmen, Lesser Kinmen, Wuqiu and several surrounding islets. It is one of two counties under the streamlined Fujian Province of the Republic of China. Only about east of the mainland city of Xiamen, its strategic position has reflected the significant change of Cross-Strait relations from a battlefront to a trading point between China and Taiwan. Due to the ongoing issue of the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province's Quanzhou prefecture-level city.", "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.", "The Taiwan Strait, or Formosa Strait, is a wide strait separating the island of Taiwan (of the Republic of China) from mainland China (People's Republic of China). The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is wide.", "The Tang dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It is generally regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Its territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty, and the Tang capital at Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) was the most populous city in the world.", "Jiangxi (Gan: Kongsi) is a province in the People's Republic of China, located in the southeast of the country. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest.", "Zhangzhou, formerly romanized as Changchow, is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, China. The prefecture around the city proper comprises the southeast corner of the province, facing the Taiwan Strait and surrounding the prefecture of Xiamen. During the 2010 census, the entire area of Zhangzhou was home to 4,809,983 inhabitants. Along with the 1.9m people of central Xiamen, its urban districts of Longwen and Xiangcheng, together with Longhai, form a single metropolitan area of about 5 million people .", "Jian'ou is a county-level city of Nanping in the north of Fujian province, China.", "Guangzhou , traditionally romanised as Canton, is the capital and largest city of the Province of Guangdong in southeastern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kong and north of Macau, Guangzhou was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub.", "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy." ]

[ "anhui", "asia", "beijing", "canton", "chongqing", "fujian", "fuzhou", "global", "golden", "guangdong", "guangzhou", "hebei", "high point", "hong kong", "independence", "industry", "jinjiang", "macau", "metropolis", "michigan", "quanzhou", "shanghai", "shenzhen", "taiwan", "tianjin", "xiamen", "zhejiang", "zhuhai" ]

[ "A screenplay writer, screenwriter for short, scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.", "Lars von Trier (Lars Trier, 30 April 1956) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He has a prolific and controversial career spanning almost four decades. His work is known for its genre and technical innovation, confrontational examination of existential, social, and political issues, and treatment of subjects like mercy, sacrifice and mental health. His political and humanitarian work was honored in 2004 with the Cinema for Peace awareness award.", "Cinema for Peace is a group based in the United States that aims to raise awareness for the social relevance of films, and to make active use of the influence of movies and documentaries on the perception and resolution of global social, political and humanitarian challenges. Since 2002, the group has been inviting film makers, humanitarian and human rights activists, and public figures to its annual awards ceremony in Berlin to honor a selection of cinematic works on humanitarian and environmental issues. The awards include: The Most Valuable Movie of the Year, The Most Valuable Documentary of the Year, The International Green Film Award, The Award for Justice, the International Human Rights Award and further Honorary Awards. The group also raises funds for the Cinema for Peace Foundation and other charities.", "Zentropa or Zentropa Entertainments is a Danish film company started in 1992 by director Lars von Trier and producer Peter Aalbæk Jensen . It has produced over 70 feature films and has become the largest film production company in Scandinavia . It owns a number of subsidiary companies in Europe . Zentropa may be best known for creating the Dogme 95 movement , leading to such acclaimed films as Idioterne ( 1998 ) , Festen ( 1998 ) and Mifunes sidste sang ( 1999 ) . It was the first mainstream film company to produce hardcore pornographic films for women : Constance ( 1998 ) , Pink Prison ( 1999 ) , HotMen CoolBoyz ( 2000 ) and the adult / mainstream crossover feature All About Anna ( 2005 ) . Zentropa is also responsible for creating a large studio complex called Filmbyen ( Film City ) , where both Zentropa and many other film - related companies are located . Zentropa is named from the train company Zentropa in the film Europa ( 1991 ) , which started the collaboration between Lars von Trier and Peter Aalbæk Jensen .", "Peter Aalbæk Jensen (born 8 April 1956 in Osted) is a Danish film producer who in 1992 with director Lars von Trier founded the Danish film company Zentropa and later its huge studio complex Filmbyen.", "Filmbyen (English: Film City) is a film studio complex located in Hvidovre just outside Copenhagen, Denmark." ]

[ "berlin", "born", "denmark", "global", "hvidovre", "media", "trier" ]

[ "The Beast Within is a 1982 horror film directed by Philippe Mora and starring Ronny Cox, Bibi Besch, Paul Clemens, L. Q. Jones, Don Gordon, R. G. Armstrong, Katherine Moffat, and Meshach Taylor.", "Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and Mary Shelley, horror films have existed for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres.", "Robert Golden Armstrong, Jr., known as R. G. Armstrong (April 7, 1917 July 27, 2012), was an American actor and playwright. A veteran character actor who appeared in dozens of Westerns over the course of his 40-year career, he may be best remembered for his work with director Sam Peckinpah.", "Edward Levy (born in Brooklyn, New York) is an American horror novelist with three books published. \"Came a Spider\" was written in 1978, and \"The Beast Within\" followed in 1981. Reprints of both books are available at iUniverse.com. He wrote \"The People Next Door\" in 1983, but copies are very scarce. Levy is currently revising \"The People Next Door\" and is also in the process of writing a new novel entitled \"Something Most Evil\".", "Philippe Mora (born 1949) is a French-born Australian film director. Born in Paris in 1949, he grew up at the centre of the Australia arts scene of the 1950s and began making films while still a child. He is the eldest son of artist Mirka Mora and her late husband, restaurateur and gallery owner Georges Mora. He has two younger brothers: William Mora (b. 1953), an art dealer, and Tiriel Mora (b. 1958), an Australian actor.", "Meshach Taylor (April 11, 1947 June 28, 2014) was an American actor. He was Emmy-nominated for his role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS sitcom \"Designing Women\" (198693). He was also known for his portrayal of Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser in \"Mannequin\". He played Sheldon Baylor on the CBS sitcom \"Dave's World\" (199397), appeared as Tony on the short-lived NBC sitcom \"Buffalo Bill\" opposite Dabney Coleman, and appeared as the recurring character Alastair Wright, the social studies teacher and later school principal, on Nickelodeon's sitcom, \"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\".", "The Beast Within is a horror novel written by Edward Levy .", "L. Q. Jones (born Justice Ellis McQueen, Jr. on August 19, 1927) is an American actor and director, best known for his work in the films of Sam Peckinpah.", "Daniel Ronald \"Ronny\" Cox (born July 23, 1938) is an American actor, singer-songwriter and storyteller. His best-known roles include Drew Ballinger in \"Deliverance\" (1972), George Apple in \"Apple's Way\" (197475), Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil in \"Beverly Hills Cop\" (1984), Richard \"Dick\" Jones in \"RoboCop\" (1987) and the villain Vilos Cohaagen in \"Total Recall\" (1990). Cox wrote a book about his experience filming \"Deliverance\" for the movie's 40th anniversary in 2012. He plays over 100 shows at festivals and theaters each year with his band.", "Bibi Besch (born Bibiana Maria Köchert; February 1, 1942 September 7, 1996) was an Austrian-born American actress. She appeared in several television shows and movies, and received an Emmy Award in 1992.", "Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the southwestern end of Long Island. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after the county of New York (which is coextensive with the borough of Manhattan)." ]

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[ "The \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards grew out of the \"Billboard\" Music Awards program from \"Billboard\" magazine, an industry publication charting the sales and radio airplay success of musical recordings. The \"Billboard\" awards are the Latin music industrys longest running and most prestigious award. The award ceremonies are held in the same week the \"Billboard\" Latin Music Conference takes place. The first award ceremony began in 1994. In addition to awards given on the basis of success on the Billboard charts, the ceremony includes the Spirit of Hope award for humanitarian achievements and the Lifetime Achievement award, as well as awards by the broadcasting partner. The \"Billboard\" Latin Music includes entrants from the United States, Latin America, and Spain, although other countries are eligible if an artist performs Latin music.", "The Billboard\" charts tabulate the relative weekly popularity of singles or albums in the United States and elsewhere. The results are published in \"Billboard\" magazine. Billboard\" biz, the online extension of the \"Billboard\" charts, provides additional weekly charts. There are also Year End charts. The charts may be dedicated to specific genre such as R&B, country or rock, or they may cover all genres. The charts can be ranked according to sales, streams or airplay, and for main song charts such as the Hot 100 song chart, all three pools of data are used to compiled the charts. For the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, streams and track sales are included in addition to album sales.", "The Billboard Latin Music Awards grew out of the Billboard Music Awards program from Billboard Magazine , an industry publication charting the sales and radio airplay success of musical recordings . Originally launched as the Billboard Latin Music Conference in 1990 , the first awards began in 1994 . In addition to awards given on the basis of success on the Billboard charts , the ceremony includes the Spirit of Hope award for humanitarian achievements and the Lifetime Achievement award , as well as awards by the broadcasting partner . Since 1999 , the awards ceremony has been broadcast on the television network Telemundo , where it became the network 's highest - rated music special . The broadcast not only extends throughout the Americas and Puerto Rico , but also to such countries as Romania ." ]

[ "achievement", "addition", "album", "award", "award ceremony", "billboard", "broadcasting", "chart", "data", "extension", "industry", "magazine", "musical", "spirit", "three", "year" ]

[ "\"Superman (It's Not Easy)\" is a song by American artist Five for Fighting. It was released in April 2001 as the second single from his album \"America Town\". The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart at number 38 on October 27, 2001. It peaked at number 14 on the chart. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002.", "Vladimir John Ondrasik III (born January 7, 1965), known by his stage name Five for Fighting, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his piano-based rock, such as the top 40 hits, \"Superman (It's Not Easy)\" (2001), \"100 Years\" (2003) and \"The Riddle\" (2006).", "\"100 Years\" is a song by American artist Five for Fighting. It was released in November 2003 as the first single from the album \"The Battle for Everything\".", "`` World '' is a song written and recorded by American recording artist Five for Fighting . It was released in November 2006 as the second single from the album Two Lights . It reached number 14 on the U.S. Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart ." ]

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[ "Upstate New York is the portion of the American state of New York lying north of New York City. The region includes most of the state of New York, excluding New York City and its environs, as well as Long Island, though the precise boundary is debated. Upstate New York includes the major cities of Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, and Syracuse.", "The Silver Lake Wilderness Area , an Adirondack Park unit of the Forest Preserve , is located in the towns of Lake Pleasant , Benson , Wells and Arietta in Hamilton County and is roughly bounded on the north by NY 8 and private lands near Piseco Lake , Oxbow Lake , Hamilton Lake , Sand Lake and Lake Pleasant ; on the east by NY 30 ; on the south generally by the Hamilton County line ; and on the west by NY 10 , the West Branch of the Sacandaga River and the Piseco Outlet . The area contains 48 bodies of water covering 569 acres ( 2.3 km2 ) , 26.5 miles ( 42.6 km ) of foot trails , and 2 lean - tos .", "A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are \"run\" in some parts of the United States, \"burn\" in Scotland and northeast England, and \"beck\" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.", "A wilderness area is a region where the land is in a natural state; where impacts from human activities are minimalthat is, as a wilderness. It might also be called a \"wild\" or \"natural\" area. Especially in wealthier, industrialized nations, it has a specific legal meaning as well: as land where development is prohibited by law. Many nations have designated Wilderness Areas, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.", "The Adirondack Park Agency (APA) was created in 1971 by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a governmental agency that performs long-range planning for the future of the Adirondack Park. It oversees development plans of private land-owners as well as activities within the Adirondack Forest Preserve. Development by private owners must be reviewed to determine if their plan is compatible with the park. The agency is headquartered in Ray Brook, New York.", "The Adirondack Mountains form a massif in the northeast of Upstate New York in the United States. Its boundaries correspond to the boundaries of Adirondack Park. The mountains form a roughly circular dome, about in diameter and about high. The current relief owes much to glaciation. ", "New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.", "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "An inholding is privately owned land inside the boundary of a national park, national forest, state park, or similar publicly owned, protected area. In-holdings result from private ownership of lands predating the designation of the park or forest area, or the expansion of the park area to encompass the privately owned property. \nIn the United States, the main causes of inholdings is that all of the Federal land-management agencies were formed over a century after the government sold and issued land grants to private citizens to fund the administration of the United States. When the park system was formed, many of these now-called \"in-holdings\" had been in private ownership for generations and not available for sale when the park was formed. \nOver the last several decades, conservation groups have lobbied the United States Congress to acquire private residences especially within designated wilderness areas, either by direct purchase or via land exchange which trades the inholding for other federal lands located outside of national parks or wilderness areas.", "The Adirondack Park is a part of New York's Forest Preserve in Upstate New York, United States. The park's boundary corresponds to the Adirondack Mountains. Unlike most preserves, about 52 per cent of the land is privately owned inholdings heavily regulated by the Adirondack Park Agency. This area contains 102 towns and villages, as well as numerous farms, businesses, and an active timber harvesting industry. The year-round population is 132,000, with 200,000 seasonal residents. The inclusion of human communities makes the park one of the great experiments in conservation in the industrialized world.", "Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by civilized human activity. It may also be defined as: \"The most intact, undisturbed wild natural areas left on our planetthose last truly wild places that humans do not control and have not developed with roads, pipelines or other industrial infrastructure.\"", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "The Sacandaga River is a river in the northern part of New York in the United States. Its name comes from the Native American \"Sa-chen-da'-ga\", meaning \"overflowed lands\"." ]

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[ "William Lane Craig (born August 23, 1949) is an American analytic philosopher, Christian theologian, and Christian apologist. He holds faculty positions at Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, and Houston Baptist University.", "Biola University is a private, Evangelical Christian university located approximately 16 miles (26 km) from downtown Los Angeles, in La Mirada, California. Founded in 1908, the university has over 40 major academic fields of study in six schools.", "Alvin Carl Plantinga (born November 15, 1932) is an American analytic philosopher, the John A. O'Brien Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Notre Dame, and the inaugural holder of the Jellema Chair in Philosophy at Calvin College.", "Houston Baptist University (HBU) is a private Baptist university founded in 1960. It is located in the Southwest Management District (formerly Greater Sharpstown) in Houston, Texas, near the Southwest Freeway.\nThe Cultural Arts Center houses three museums: the Dunham Bible Museum, the Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts, and the Museum of Southern History.", "Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.", "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.", "The Royal Institute of Philosophy, founded in 1925, is a charity organisation that offers lectures and conferences on philosophical topics. The Institute is \"dedicated to the advancement of philosophy in all its forms, in order to access the widest possible audience.\", and is not committed to any particular philosophical school, method or ideology. The Institutes membership includes both professional philosophers and lay people. It is based in London, but has several branch offices around the UK, including Glasgow, Wolverhampton, Durham, and Birmingham.", "Alister Edgar McGrath (born 23 January 1953) is a Northern Irish theologian, priest, intellectual historian, scientist, and Christian apologist. He currently holds the Andreas Idreos Professorship in Science and Religion in the Faculty of Theology and Religion at the University of Oxford, and is Professor of Divinity at Gresham College. He was previously Professor of Theology, Ministry, and Education at King's College London and Head of the Centre for Theology, Religion and Culture, Professor of Historical Theology at the University of Oxford, and was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, until 2005. He is an Anglican priest.", "Gresham College is an institution of higher learning located at Barnard's Inn Hall off Holborn in central London, England. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, and it hosts over 140 free public lectures every year.", "St Edmund's College (colloquially Eddie's) is one of the 31 constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. It is the second oldest of the four Cambridge colleges oriented to mature students, which only accept students reading for either masters or doctorate degrees, or undergraduate degrees if they are aged 21 or older (the oldest being Hughes Hall and the others being Wolfson College and Lucy Cavendish College; additionally, Darwin College and Clare Hall admit graduate students only). Over three-quarters of St Edmund's students are studying towards higher degrees, usually the PhD, MPhil or LLM degrees. The college is named after St Edmund of Abingdon (11751240) who was the first known Oxford Master of Arts and the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1234 to 1240.", "Southampton, on the south coast of England, is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire. It is south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the Rivers Test and Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to \"So'ton\" or \"Soton\", and a resident of Southampton is called a .", "Denis Alexander (born 1945) is the Emeritus Director of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion at St Edmund's College, Cambridge, a molecular biologist and an author on science and religion. He is also an editor of \"Science and Christian Belief\". He is an evangelical Christian.", "Heythrop College, University of London, is a public university and the specialist philosophy and theology college of the University of London located in Kensington in London and is the oldest constituent college of the federal University of London, being founded in 1614 by the Society of Jesus. Heythrop joined the University of London in 1971, maintaining its Catholic links and ethos whilst offering an educational experience that respects all faiths and perspectives. Heythrop is a centre for inter-religious dialogue and modern philosophical inquiry and is a member of the Cathedrals Group of British colleges and universities.", "The University of London is a collegiate research university located in London, England, consisting of 18 constituent colleges, nine research institutes and a number of central bodies.", "Calvin College is a liberal arts college located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Founded in 1876, Calvin College is an educational institution of the Christian Reformed Church and stands in the Reformed tradition of Protestantism. Calvin College is named after John Calvin, the 16th-century Protestant Reformer.\nHistory.\nThe Christian Reformed Church in North America founded the school on August 4, 1876, as part of \"Calvin College and Theological Seminary\" (with the seminary becoming Calvin Theological Seminary) to train church ministers. The college and seminary began with seven students, in a rented upper room on Spring Street, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The initial six-year curriculum included four years of literary studies and two years of theology. In 1892, the campus moved to the intersection of Madison Avenue and Franklin Street (Fifth Avenue) in Grand Rapids. In September 1894, the school expanded the curriculum for those who were not pre-theological students, effectually making the institution a preparatory school. In 1900, the curriculum further broadened, making it more attractive to students interested in teaching or preparing for professional courses at universities. In 1901, Calvin admitted the first women to the school.", "Stephen Law is an English philosopher and senior lecturer at Heythrop College , University of London . He also edits the philosophical journal Think , which is published by the Royal Institute of Philosophy and aimed at the general public . Law currently lives in Oxford , England , with his wife and two daughters . He is a Fellow of The Royal Society of Arts and Commerce , and in 2008 became the Provost of the Centre for Inquiry UK . Law has published both a variety of academic papers and more popular , introductory books ( including three children 's philosophy books ) . Law has debated many Christian apologists , theologians and scientists , including William Lane Craig , Alvin Plantinga , Alister McGrath , John Lennox and Denis Alexander .", "Wolverhampton is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 249,470. The demonym for people from the city is \"Wulfrunian\".", "John Carson Lennox (born 7 November 1943) is a Northern Irish mathematician, philosopher of science, Christian apologist, and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford. He is a Fellow in Mathematics and Philosophy of Science at Green Templeton College, Oxford University. He is also Pastoral Advisor of Green Templeton College and Fellow of Wycliffe Hall.", "Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and county in South West England with an estimated population of 449,300 in 2016. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, and the most populous city in Southern England after London. The city borders the Unitary Authority areas of North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the historic cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively.", "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame ) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, \"Notre Dame du Lac\" means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president, as an all-male institution on land donated by the Bishop of Vincennes (Indiana). Today, many Holy Cross priests continue to work for the university, including the president of the university.", "Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, with a population in 2014 of 1,101,360. The city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birmingham's metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million. This also makes Birmingham the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Europe.", "The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or simply Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. While having no known date of foundation, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled northeast to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two \"ancient universities\" are frequently jointly referred to as \"Oxbridge\".", "King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington and received its royal charter in the same year. In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In the late 20th century, it grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998)." ]

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[ "Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance.\nSome additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as with wines. With the advent of processed foods in the second half of the twentieth century, many more additives have been introduced, of both natural and artificial origin.", "In chemistry, pH (potential of hydrogen) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Pure water is neutral, at pH 7, being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively.", "Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry includes topics such as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms form chemical bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces that give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances.", "In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse operation to exponentiation. That means the logarithm of a number is the exponent to which another fixed number, the base, must be raised to produce that number. In simple cases the logarithm counts factors in multiplication. For example, the base logarithm of is , as to the power is; 10 is used as a factor three times. More generally, exponentiation allows any positive real number to be raised to any real power, always producing a positive result, so the logarithm can be calculated for any two positive real numbers and where is not equal to . The logarithm of to \"base\" , denoted , is the unique real number such that\nFor example, as , then:", "Petroleum (from : \"rock\" + \"oleum\": \"oil\". ) is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation.", "Sunset Yellow FCF ( also known as Orange Yellow S , or C.I. 15985 ) is a petroleum - derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13 with a shoulder at 500 nm . When added to foods sold in the US it is known as FD&C Yellow 6 ; when sold in Europe , it is denoted by E Number E110 .", "Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is typically used.", "A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A lone positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×10 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. \nDepending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions.", "Distillation is a process of separating the component or substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. In either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's components. In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.", "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena.", "A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics or tissue sections by forming a coordination complex with the dye which then attaches to the fabric or tissue. It may be used for dyeing fabrics, or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations. The term mordant comes from the present participle of French \"mordre\", \"to bite\". In the past, it was thought that a mordant helped the dye bite onto the fiber so that it would hold fast during washing. A mordant is often a polyvalent metal ion. The resulting coordination complex of dye and ion is colloidal and can be either acidic or alkaline.", "Molar concentration, also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration, is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, or of any chemical species, in terms of amount of substance in a given volume. A commonly used unit for molar concentration used in chemistry is mol/L. A solution of concentration 1 mol/L is also denoted as 1 molar (1 ).", "A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.", "Fiber or fibre (from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.", "An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is usually shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na(aq) + Cl(aq). The word \"aqueous\" means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "Oleum (Latin \"oleum\" = \"oil\"), or fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known as pyrosulfuric acid). Oleum is idenfied by the CAS number 8014-95-7.", "In computer science, ACID (\"Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability\") is a set of properties of database transactions. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction.", "E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union and Switzerland. The \"E\" stands for \"Europe\". Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.", "A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion).", "Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, yellow, purple, or bronze. This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them. This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc. Human trichromacy is the basis for all modern color spaces that assign colors numerical coordinates and associate corresponding distances between colors.", "Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.", "The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. EFSA was established in February 2002, is based in Parma, Italy, and has a budget for 2016 of €79.5 million." ]

[ "2002", "a", "affinity", "bacon", "carbon", "cell", "century", "chemistry", "data", "e", "earth", "engineering", "english", "europe", "european union", "fiber", "food chain", "gas", "human", "hydrogen", "i", "italy", "liquid", "mathematics", "member", "metal", "numbers", "oil", "one", "perception", "ph", "plasma", "point", "s", "science", "second", "set", "sodium chloride", "solar system", "solvent", "space", "state", "sulfur", "sun", "switzerland", "system" ]

[ "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of \"total war\", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.", "The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history.", "James Ewell Brown \"Jeb\" Stuart (February 6, 1833May 12, 1864) was a United States Army officer from the U.S. state of Virginia, who later became a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War. He was known to his friends as \"Jeb\", from the initials of his given names. Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his mastery of reconnaissance and the use of cavalry in support of offensive operations. While he cultivated a cavalier image (red-lined gray cape, yellow sash, hat cocked to the side with an ostrich plume, red flower in his lapel, often sporting cologne), his serious work made him the trusted eyes and ears of Robert E. Lee's army and inspired Southern morale.", "The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.", "The Australian Army is Australia's military land force. It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. While the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) commands the ADF, the Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (CA). The CA is therefore subordinate to the CDF, but is also directly responsible to the Minister for Defence. Although Australian soldiers have been involved in a number of minor and major conflicts throughout its history, only in World War II has Australian territory come under direct attack.", "The M3 Stuart, formally Light Tank M3, is an American light tank of World War II. It was supplied to British and Commonwealth forces under lend-lease prior to the entry of the U.S. into the war. Thereafter, it was used by U.S. and Allied forces until the end of the war. The name \"General Stuart\" or \"Stuart\" given by the British comes from the American Civil War Confederate General J. E. B. Stuart and was used for both the M3 and the derivative M5 Light Tank. In British service, it also had the unofficial nickname of Honey after a tank driver remarked \"She's a honey\". To the United States Army, the tanks were officially known only as \"Light Tank M3\" and \"Light Tank M5\". Stuarts were the first American-crewed tanks in World War II to engage the enemy in tank versus tank combat.", "The Australian 3rd Armoured Division was an armoured unit of the Australian Army that was established on 15 November 1942 by redesignating the 1st Motor Division ( which was previously the 1st Cavalry Division ) . As an armoured division the 3rd Armoured was equipped with M3 Grant medium tanks and M3 Stuart light tanks . The Division 's 3rd Motor Brigade was gradually disbanded between March to August 1943 and the 3rd Armoured Division was disbanded in Queensland on 19 October 1943 as a result of manpower shortages in the Australian Army .", "World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved." ]

[ "american civil war", "american revolutionary war", "atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki", "world war", "world war ii" ]

[ "The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA, English: International Automobile Federation) is an association established as the \"Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus\" (AIACR, English: 'International Association of Recognized Automobile Clubs') on 20 June 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users. To the general public, the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for many auto racing events. The FIA also promotes road safety around the world.", "Formula racing is any of several forms of open-wheeled single-seater motorsport. The origin of the term lies in the nomenclature that was adopted by the FIA for all of its post-World War II single-seater regulations, or formulae. The best known of these formulae are Formula One, Two, Three and Four. Common usage of \"formula racing\" encompasses other single-seater series, including the GP2 Series, which replaced Formula 3000 (which had itself been the effective replacement for Formula Two).", "Flavio Briatore (born 12 April 1950) is an Italian businessman. He started his career as a restaurant manager and insurance salesman in Italy. Briatore was convicted in Italy on several fraud charges in the 1980s, though the convictions were successively extinguished by an amnesty. Briatore set up a number of successful Benetton franchises as a fugitive in the Virgin Islands and the United States. In 1990, he was promoted by Luciano Benetton to manager of the Benetton Formula One racing team, which became Renault F1 in 2002. From 2007 to 2010, he was part-owner and chairman of London's Queens Park Rangers F.C.. On 16 September 2009, Briatore was forced to resign from the ING Renault F1 team due to his involvement in race fixing at the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix. After the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) conducted its own investigation, Briatore was banned indefinitely from any events sanctioned by the FIA, although this ban was later overturned by a French Tribunal de Grande Instance.", "Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950, although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983. The \"formula\", designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, to which all participants' cars must conform. The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as \"Grands Prix\" (from French, meaning grand prizes), held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads.", "The FIA Formula Two Championship was a one-make class of auto racing for Formula Two open wheeled single seater racing cars. It was a revival of the former European Formula Two Championship that was previously run from 1967 to 1984, and was organised by MotorSport Vision. Drivers competed in identical Williams F1 built cars with an Audi supplied and Mountune Racing developed 400 bhp engine, over 16 rounds at eight venues.", "Bernard Charles \"Bernie\" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930) is a British business magnate. He was the chief executive of the Formula One Group, which manages Formula One and controls the commercial rights to the sport, and part-owns Delta Topco, the ultimate parent company of the Formula One Group. As such, he is generally considered an authoritative voice in Formula One racing and is most commonly described in tabloid journalism as \"F1 Supremo\".", "Formula 3000 was a type of open wheel, single seater formula racing, occupying the tier immediately below Formula One and above Formula Three. It was so named because the cars were powered by 3000 cc engines.", "The GP2 Series, GP2 for short, is a form of open wheel motor racing introduced in 2005 following the discontinuation of the long-term Formula One feeder series, Formula 3000. The format was conceived by Bernie Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore, while Ecclestone also has the rights to the name GP1. In 2010 the GP3 Series class was launched, as a feeder class for the GP2 series.", "The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter the Formula One championship . Formula Two had become too expensive , and was dominated by works - run cars with factory engines ; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker , cheaper , more open racing . The series began as an open specification , then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards , followed by engines and chassis in 1996 . The series ran annually until 2004 , and was replaced in 2005 by the GP2 Series . The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985 , as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004 .", "Formula Two, abbreviated to F2, was a type of open wheel formula racing first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 20092012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship.", "Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing or automobile racing) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. " ]

[ "auto racing", "formula one", "formula two", "motorsport", "sport" ]

[ "ABS-CBN Corporation is the largest entertainment and media conglomerate in the Philippines. It is one of the core company which makes up the Lopez Group, a group of companies and conglomerates headed by an influential Filipino family. It was formed by the merger of Alto Broadcasting System (founded as Bolinao Electronics Corporation in 1946 by American electronics engineer James Lindenberg and Antonio Quirino) and the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (founded in 1956 by media tycoon Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and his brother, the then-Philippine Vice-President Fernando Lopez). It was incorporated as the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation on February 1, 1967, and it shortened its corporate name to simply ABS-CBN Corporation in 2010 to reflect the company's diversification. The common shares of ABS-CBN was first traded in the Philippine Stock Exchange in July 1992 under the ticker symbol ABS and as of March 2016 has a market capitalization of over 50 billion pesos.", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.", "Celestine Cruz Gonzaga-Soriano (born 20 January 1984), better known as Toni Gonzaga, is a Filipino singer, television host, actress and comedian. In the entertainment industry, she is dubbed as the Ultimate Multimedia Star and Romantic Comedy Queen.", "Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae,\" effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term \"reggae\" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.", "Bianca Gonzalez-Intal (born March 11, 1983) is a Filipina TV host and model.\nShe is married to PBA cager J.C. Intal.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "Mindanao is the second largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country (the other two being Luzon and the Visayas), consisting of the island of Mindanao and smaller outlying islands. Davao City is the largest city in Mindanao. As of the 2010 census, the island's population itself is 20,281,545 people, while the Mindanao island group has 21,968,174 inhabitants. Davao City is the most populous in Mindanao as 1,632,991 population, and the 2nd is Zamboanga City as 861,799 population, the 3rd is Cagayan de Oro City as 675,950 population, and followed by General Santos City as 594,446 population as of 2015 census.", "The Celebes Sea of the western Pacific Ocean is bordered on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea and Mindanao Island of the Philippines, on the east by the Sangihe Islands chain, on the south by Sulawesi's Minahassa Peninsula, and on the west by Kalimantan in Indonesia. It extends 420 miles (675 km) north-south by 520 miles (837 km) east-west and has a total surface area of , to a maximum depth of . The sea opens southwest through the Makassar Strait into the Java Sea.", "Fernando Hofileño Lopez, Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential Lopez Family of Iloilo, Fernando Lopez served as Vice President of the Philippines for three terms under Elpidio Quirino (19491953) for the Liberals and Ferdinand Marcos (19651969 and 19691972) for the Nacionalistas and also the chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation from 1986 to his death 1993.", "The Philippine Stock Exchange is the national stock exchange of the Philippines. It has been in continuous operation since its inception in 1927. Currently, it maintains two trading floors in Metro Manila: one at its headquarters at the PSE Plaza Ayala Triangle, Ayala Tower One in the Makati Central Business District; and one at the Philippine Stock Exchange Centre (Tektite Towers), Ortigas Center in Pasig. Construction of the Philippine Stock Exchange office tower in Bonifacio Global City is expected to be completed by mid-2016. The PSE is overseen by a 15-member Board of Directors, chaired by José T. Pardo.", "Mariel Rodriguez-Padilla (born Maria Erlinda Lucille Sazon Termulo; August 10, 1984) is a Filipina commercial model, endorser, television host, VJ, and actress.", "Allen Toussaint (January 14, 1938 November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as \"one of popular musics great backroom figures.\" Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions, including \"Java\", \"Mother-in-Law\", \"I Like It Like That\", \"Fortune Teller\", \"Ride Your Pony\", \"Get Out of My Life, Woman\", \"Working in the Coal Mine\", \"Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky\", \"Here Come the Girls\", \"Yes We Can Can\", \"Play Something Sweet\", and \"Southern Nights\". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings, among the best known of which are \"Right Place, Wrong Time\", by his longtime friend Dr. John (\"Mac\" Rebennack), and \"Lady Marmalade\", by Labelle.", "Robert Marion \"Robi\" Eusebio Domingo (born September 27, 1989) is a Filipino VJ, actor, dancer, and host. He first gained fame as a reality show contestant by joining and ending up as the first runner-up of the reality competition series \"\" in 2008, after which he became a member of ABS-CBN's group of film and television talents collectively known as Star Magic.", "Samar is an island in the Visayas, within central Philippines and the third largest island in the country. The island is divided into three provinces: Samar province (the western two-fifths of the island of Samar), Northern Samar province, and Eastern Samar province. These three provinces, along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran are part of the Eastern Visayas region.", "The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea east and northeast of the Philippines occupying an estimated surface area of 5 million km² (2 million mi²). of the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by the Philippine archipelago (Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao) on the southwest; Halmahera, Morotai, Palau, Yap, and Ulithi (of the Carolines) on the southeast; the Marianas, including Guam, Saipan, and Tinian, on the east; the Bonin and Iwo Jima on the northeast; the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kysh on the north; the Ryukyu Islands on the northwest; and Taiwan in the west.", "Antoine \"Fats\" Domino, Jr. (born February 26, 1928) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter of French Creole descent. Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records, and he had 35 records in the U.S. Top 40. His musical style is based on traditional rhythm and blues, accompanied by saxophones, bass, piano, electric guitar, and drums.", "Errol `` Budoy '' listen Marabiles ( born October 22 , 1971 in Samar , Philippines ) is a Filipino reggae musician , songwriter and TV host . He was one of the fourteen housemates in the ABS - CBN show Pinoy Big Brother : Celebrity Edition . Marabiles , easily recognizable among the housemates because of his dreadlocks or turban , attended the University of the Philippines Cebu . Billed by the show as the `` M16 of Samar '' , he is best known as the vocalist of the Cebu - based reggae band Junior Kilat , which is responsible for songs such as Original Sigbin ( In Bisaya mythology , Sigbin is a mythical creature ) , K Fyne ( Okay , Fine ) and Ako si M16 ( I am M16 ) , which secured the Best Song in the 2005 NU Rock awards sponsored by the Manila - based rock radio station NU 107 . That song bested most rock compositions of Manila - based bands though its lyrics are in Cebuano . Together with one of his bandmates , Marabiles also co-produced and hosted the magazine show Ismol Tym ( Small Time ) on the independent Cebu - based cable channel RCTV prior to entering PBB . Marabiles was evicted from the PBB house on Day 49 after losing to fellow nominees Zanjoe Marudo and Bianca Gonzalez through the people 's vote . During his stay in the house , he composed ( and performed ) some songs that are in the Pinoy Big Brother Celebrity Edition soundtrack : Budoy Ako , a Visayan adaptation of Pinoy Ako , and Maligo Na Jam , based on his `` Maligo na '' ( Take a bath already ) rap , together with fellow housemates Rico Robles and Roxanne Barcelo . After being evicted from the House , there was a published report that he told reporters the correct spelling of his last name is `` Mirabiles '' , not `` Marabiles '' as earlier listed in the official show website and related collateral .", "Rocksteady is a music genre that originated in Jamaica around 1966. A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae, rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads, The Maytals, The Heptones and The Paragons. The term \"rocksteady\" comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis song \"Rock Steady\". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ska dances. The first international rocksteady hit was \"Hold Me Tight\" (1968) by the American soul singer Johnny Nash; it reached number one in Canada.", "James Lindenberg (December 20, 1921 April 28, 2009 was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He moved to the Philippines in the 1940s. He is credited for his founding of Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC), the precursor of ABS-CBN Corporation.", "Palau (historically Belau or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 250 islands, forming the western chain of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia, and has an area of . The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located on the nearby island of Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia.", "An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46 (approximately 24%) of the 193 UN member states are island countries.", "Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music. Frontman Toots Hibbert's soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by \"Rolling Stone\". Their 1968 single \"Do the Reggay\", was the first song to first use the word \"reggae\", naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says, The Maytals were unlike anything else...sensational, raw and dynamic.", "Biliran (Waray-Waray: \"Probinsya han Biliran\") is an island province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region (Region VIII). Biliran is one of the country's smallest and newest provinces. Formerly a sub-province of Leyte, it became an independent province in 1992.", "\"Do the Reggay\" is a reggae song by The Maytals. Written by Toots Hibbert, produced by Leslie Kong and released on Beverly's Records in Jamaica and Pyramid Records in the UK in 1968. \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae\" and defined the developing genre by giving it its name. At that time, \"reggay\" had been the name of a passing dance fashion in Jamaica, but the song's connection of the word with the music itself led to its use for the style of music that developed from it.", "Quezon City ( also known as QC) is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it to replace Manila as the national capital for 28 years from 1948 to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province, which was also named after the president. It is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area and most populated local government unit in the country.", "Studio 23 (officially Studio 23, Inc. and previously AMCARA Broadcasting Network) was a Filipino television network owned by ABS-CBN Corporation. The network is named for its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWAC-TV, which is carried on UHF channel 23. The network is a sister network of the main channel, ABS-CBN, airing programming aimed towards young adults, such as North American imports and other English-language programming, and original Filipino programming aimed at the demographic as well, such as supplemental programming for ABS-CBN programs. This station studios are located at 3/F ABS-CBN Broadcast Center, Sgt. Esguerra Ave., Mother Ignacia St., Diliman, Quezon City.", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Pinoy Big Brother, more popularly known by its abbreviated title PBB, is the Philippine version of \"Big Brother\". The word \"Pinoy\" in the title is a colloquial term used to describe the \"Filipino\" people. The show first aired on August 21, 2005 on ABS-CBN, Studio 23, and its international channel, TFC in various countries worldwide. The uncut 24/7 version of the series can also be seen on the internet through paid-online streaming video subscription via TFCNow, and through cable network SkyCable. The show is currently hosted by Toni Gonzaga, Mariel Rodriguez, Bianca Gonzalez, and Robi Domingo." ]

[ "1", "10", "100", "11", "14", "17", "1921", "1927", "1928", "193", "1946", "1948", "1949", "1955", "1965", "1966", "1967", "1968", "1969", "1972", "1976", "1984", "1989", "1992", "1993", "2", "20", "20 january 1984", "2005", "2008", "2009", "2010", "22", "23", "250", "260", "27", "28", "281", "3", "30", "4", "40", "420", "5", "520", "545", "632", "641", "7", "799", "8", "90", "991", "july 1992" ]

[ "June Rosemary Whitfield, (born 11 November 1925) is an English actress, well known in the United Kingdom since the 1950s for her work in radio and television comedy series.", "Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.", "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.", "Television comedy had a presence from the earliest days of broadcasting. Among the earliest BBC television programmes in the 1930s was \"Starlight\", which offered a series of guests from the music hall era, which often included singers and comedians. Similarly, many early United States television programs were variety shows including the \"Texaco Star Theater\" featuring Milton Berle; comedy acts often taken from vaudeville were staples of such shows. ", "Terry and June is a BBC television sitcom, which was broadcast on BBC1 from 1979 to 1987. The show was largely a reworking of \"Happy Ever After\", and starred Terry Scott and June Whitfield as a middle-aged, middle-class suburban couple, Terry and June Medford, who live in Purley. ", "Owen John \"Terry\" Scott (4 May 1927 26 July 1994) was an English actor and comedian who appeared in seven \"Carry On films\". He also appeared in BBC1's popular domestic sitcom \"Terry and June\" with June Whitfield.", "An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs \"in the flesh\" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally \"one who answers\". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is \"playing themselves\", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.", "Happy Ever After is a British sitcom starring Terry Scott and June Whitfield . It aired from 7 May 1974 to 25 April 1979 . The series was co-written by scriptwriters John T. Chapman , Eric Merriman , Christopher Bond , John Kane and Jon Watkins . After Happy Ever After ended , Scott and Whitfield later starred in Terry and June from October 1979 to August 1987 , a sitcom that was much ( thus largely ) the same as Happy Ever After , ( minus Aunt Lucy ) , with Terry and June 's surname changed from `` Fletcher '' to `` Medford '' , and the characters shifted to Purley ." ]

[ "bbc", "one", "space" ]

[ "The Cape of Good Hope (, ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.", "The Fairey Swordfish was a biplane torpedo bomber designed by the Fairey Aviation Company. Originating in the early 1930s, the Swordfish, nicknamed \"Stringbag\", was operated by the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy, in addition to having been equipped by the Royal Air Force (RAF) alongside multiple overseas operators, including the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and the Royal Netherlands Navy. It was initially operated primarily as a fleet attack aircraft; during its later years, the Swordfish became increasingly used as an anti-submarine and training platform. The type was in frontline service throughout the entirety of the Second World War, but it was already considered obsolescent at the outbreak of the conflict in 1939.", "A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.", "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.", "The Cape Peninsula is a generally rocky peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean at the south-western extremity of the African continent. At the southern end of the peninsula are Cape Point and the Cape of Good Hope. On the northern end is Table Mountain, overlooking Cape Town, South Africa. The peninsula is 52 km long from Mouille point in the north to Cape Point in the south.\nThe Peninsula has been an island on and off for the past 5 million years, as sea levels fell and rose with the ice age and interglacial global warming cycles of, particularly, the Pleistocene. The last time that the Peninsula was an island was about 1.5 million years ago. Soon afterwards it was joined to the mainland by the emergence from the sea of the sandy area now known as the Cape Flats. The towns and villages of the Cape Peninsula and Cape Flats now form part of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.", "The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the branch of the British Royal Navy responsible for the operation of naval aircraft. The Fleet Air Arm currently operates the AgustaWestland Merlin, Westland Sea King, AgustaWestland Wildcat and Westland Lynx helicopters and the BAE Hawk. Helicopters such as the Lynx and Westland Wasp have been deployed on smaller vessels since 1964, taking over the roles once performed by biplanes such as the Fairey Swordfish.", "The First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff (1SL/CNS) is the professional head of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy and the whole Naval Service; originally the title was the First Naval Lord. The concept of a professional \"First Naval Lord\" was introduced in 1805, and the title of the First Naval Lord was changed to \"First Sea Lord\" on the appointment of Sir Jackie Fisher in 1904. From 1923 onward, the First Sea Lord was a member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee; he now sits on the Defence Council and the Admiralty Board.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "The CVA-01 aircraft carrier was to be the first of a class of fleet carriers that would have replaced the Royal Navy's existing aircraft carriers, most of which had been designed prior to or during World War II. CVA01 was intended to replace HMS \"Victorious\" and HMS \"Ark Royal\" and it was hoped CVA02 and CVA03 would be approved to replace HMS \"Hermes\" and HMS \"Eagle\".", "A cruiser is a type of warship. The term has been in use for several hundred years, and has had different meanings throughout this period. During the Age of Sail, the term \"cruising\" referred to certain kinds of missions independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding fulfilled by a frigate or sloop, which were the \"cruising warships\" of a fleet.", "The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.", "The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff.", "The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR \" ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.", "The Westland Wasp was a small 1960s British turbine powered, shipboard anti-submarine helicopter. Produced by Westland Helicopters, it came from the same P.531 programme as the British Army Westland Scout, and was based on the earlier piston-engined Saunders-Roe Skeeter. It fulfilled the requirement of the Royal Navy for a helicopter small enough to land on the deck of a frigate and carry a useful load of two homing torpedoes.", "The Norwegian Campaign (9 April to 10 June 1940) was fought in Norway between the Allies and Germany in World War II after the latter's invasion of the country. In April, the United Kingdom and France came to Norway's aid with an expeditionary force. Despite moderate success in the northern parts of Norway, Germany's invasion of France in May eventually compelled the Allies to withdraw and the Norwegian government to seek exile in London. The campaign ended with the occupation of Norway by Germany, and the continued fighting by exiled Norwegian forces from abroad. The 62 days of fighting made Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the second longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.", "A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward, and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft cannot perform.", "Admiral of the Fleet Sir Caspar John GCB ( 22 March 1903 -- 11 July 1984 ) was the British First Sea Lord from 1960 to 1963 . He was pioneer in the Fleet Air Arm and fought in World War II in a cruiser taking part in the Atlantic convoys , participating in the Norwegian campaign and transporting arms around the Cape of Good Hope to Egypt for use in the western desert campaign . His war service continued as Director - General of Naval Aircraft Production , as naval air attaché at the British embassy in Washington D.C. and then as Commanding Officer of two aircraft carriers . He went on to serve as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in the early 1960s . In that capacity he was primarily concerned with plans for the building of the new CVA - 01 aircraft - carriers .", "The Age of Sail (usually dated as 15711862) was a period roughly corresponding to the early modern period in which international trade and naval warfare were dominated by sailing ships, lasting from the 16th to the mid-19th century. This is a significant period during which square-rigged sailing ships carried European colonizers to many parts of the world in one of the most expansive human migrations in recorded history.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "The Westland WS-61 Sea King is a British licence-built version of the American Sikorsky S-61 helicopter of the same name, built by Westland Helicopters. The aircraft differs considerably from the American version, with Rolls-Royce Gnome engines (derived from the US General Electric T58), British-made anti-submarine warfare systems and a fully computerised flight control system. The Sea King was primarily designed for performing anti-submarine warfare (ASW) missions. A Sea King variant was adapted by Westland as troop transport known as the Commando.", "A warship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant ships. Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship typically carries only weapons, ammunition and supplies for its crew. Warships usually belong to a navy, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations.", "A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane, it produces more drag than a similar unbraced or cantilever monoplane wing. Improved structural techniques, better materials and the quest for greater speed made the biplane configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s.", "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of \"total war\", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.", "An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. ", "The Westland Lynx is a British multi-purpose military helicopter designed and built by Westland Helicopters at its factory in Yeovil. Originally intended as a utility craft for both civil and naval usage, military interest led to the development of both battlefield and naval variants. The Lynx went into operational usage in 1977 and was later adopted by the armed forces of over a dozen nations, primarily serving in the battlefield utility, anti-armour, search and rescue and anti-submarine warfare roles." ]

[ "africa", "atlantic ocean", "bohuslän", "canadian", "cape of good hope", "cape town", "commerce", "faroe islands", "fleet", "france", "fully", "germany", "ii", "indian ocean", "island", "king", "kingdom of france", "kingdom of great britain", "lille", "london", "madagascar", "mayen", "moscow", "most", "mozambique", "nagasaki", "naval", "netherlands", "nice", "north sea", "norway", "of", "once", "pacific", "peninsula", "planes", "raiding", "republic", "sandy", "shetland", "south africa", "southern africa", "soviet union", "suez", "swaziland", "union", "united kingdom", "yeovil" ]

[ "Trip Hawkins (born December 28, 1953) is an American entrepreneur and founder of Electronic Arts, The 3DO Company, and Digital Chocolate.", "NCAA Football 08 is a college football video game created by EA Sports , the sports video gaming subsidiary of Electronic Arts . It is the successor to NCAA Football 07 in the NCAA Football series . It was officially announced with the launch of the NCAA 08 page on the EA Sports website on February 20 , 2007 . EA Sports had opened up a ballot on their NCAA Football 07 site in which fans can vote on a feature to be implemented into the PlayStation 2 version , making it the first console announced for the game and announcing at least one of its features . Fans could vote for either in - game saves , medical red shirts , summer workouts or a lead blocker feature . The option of medical red shirts was voted on and won , and this option is on the Dynasty Mode on all versions of NCAA Football 08 . This allows for players that are injured in the middle of the year to apply to gain another year of eligibility . The game was released on July 17 , 2007 , and the first time release on PlayStation 3 , marking the eleventh installment of the NCAA Football series bearing the title `` NCAA Football '' . As with NCAA Football 07 , 08 features limited ESPN integration .", "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "EA Sports (stylized as EA SPORTS) is a brand of Electronic Arts that creates and develops sports video games. Formerly a marketing gimmick of Electronic Arts, in which they tried to imitate real-life sports networks by calling themselves the \"EA Sports Network\" (EASN) with pictures or endorsements with real commentators such as John Madden, it soon grew up to become a sub-label on its own, releasing game series such as \"NBA Live\", \"FIFA\", \"NHL\", \"Madden NFL\", and \"NASCAR\". The best selling EA Sports series is the \"FIFA\" series with over 100 million units sold.", "Madden NFL (known as John Madden Football before 1993) is an American football video game series developed by EA Tiburon for EA Sports. It is named after Pro Football Hall of Famer John Madden, a well-known former Super Bowlwinning coach of the Oakland Raiders and color commentator. The series has sold more than 100 million copies, and influenced many players and coaches of the physical sport. Among the game's realistic features are sophisticated playbooks and player statistics, and voice commentary that allows players to hear the game as if it were a real TV broadcast. As of September 2013, the franchise generated over $4 billion in revenue.", "Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded and incorporated on May 28, 1982 by Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games. As of 2014, Electronic Arts was the world's fourth-largest gaming company by revenue after Tencent, Sony and Microsoft \nThe company sparked controversies over its advertising efforts, and acquisition of other studios.", "Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.", "The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "The is a home video game console released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14, 2001; in North America on November 18, 2001; in Europe on May 3, 2002; and in Australia on May 17, 2002. The sixth-generation console is the successor to the Nintendo 64 and competed with Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox.", "The is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27, 1998 in Japan, September 9, 1999 in North America, and October 14, 1999 in Europe. It was the first in the sixth generation of video game consoles, preceding Sony's PlayStation 2, Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox. The Dreamcast was Sega's final home console, marking the end of the company's 18 years in the console market.", "A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. The Xbox 360 competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).", "Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California's Bay Area, approximately south of San Francisco, and north of San Jose. Redwood City's history spans its earliest inhabitation by the Ohlone people to being a port for lumber and other goods. The county seat of San Mateo County, it is the home of several technology companies such as Box, Oracle, Evernote, Wealthfront, and Electronic Arts. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 76,815. The Port of Redwood City is the only deepwater port on San Francisco Bay south of San Francisco. Redwood City is the location of the San Mateo County Jail, for both women and men. The Malibu Grand Prix long time landmark was recently demolished along with the city's only Mini Golf, Go-Kart, Video Game Arcade, and Batting Cages. Malibu Grand Prix's previous location is currently the construction site of a new additional Jail and Inmate housing facility. The city has a motto \"Climate Best By Government Test\" which is a reference to it being one of the top German scouted scientific climates and the city was one of the locations mapped by them during their testing and data collection. The Hetch Hetchy water pipeline runs through Redwood City and supplies a vast majority of the surrounding area with low grain (+/ 3 grains) rated water.", "The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.", "The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated as PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4, 2000 in Japan, October 26, 2000 in North America, November 24, 2000 in Europe, and November 17, 2000 in Australia. It competed with Sega's Dreamcast, Microsoft's Xbox, and Nintendo's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles.", "Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporaneous business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming.", "Tencent Holdings Limited is a Chinese investment holding company whose subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, internet and mobile phone value-added services and operate online advertising services in China. Its headquarters are in Nanshan District, Shenzhen.", "NCAA Football 07 is a collegiate football video game published by Electronic Arts. It is the successor to NCAA Football 06 in the NCAA Football series. The product features former USC player Reggie Bush on the cover. While there weren't any stunning new features added to the PS2 and Xbox games, tweaks were added to improve the existing features.", "In the history of video games, the sixth-generation era (sometimes referred to as the 128-bit era; see \"Bits and system power\" below) refers to the computer and video games, video game consoles, and video game handhelds available at the turn of the 21st century which was from 1998 to 2008. Platforms of the sixth generation include the Sega Dreamcast, Sony PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Microsoft Xbox. This era began on November 27, 1998 with the Japanese release of the Dreamcast, and it was joined by the PlayStation 2 in March 2000 and the GameCube and Xbox in 2001. The Dreamcast was discontinued in 2001, the GameCube in 2007, Xbox in 2009 and PlayStation 2 in 2013. Though the seventh generation of consoles started in November 2005 with the launch of the Xbox 360, the sixth generation did not end until January 2013, when Sony announced that the PlayStation 2 had been discontinued worldwide." ]

[ "ea sports", "ea tiburon", "electronic arts", "ibm", "lg electronics", "microsoft", "nintendo", "produce", "samsung", "sega", "sony", "sony computer entertainment", "taiwan", "tencent holdings", "the 3do company" ]

[ "In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.", "The Megarian school of philosophy, which flourished in the 4th century BC, was founded by Euclides of Megara, one of the pupils of Socrates. Its ethical teachings were derived from Socrates, recognizing a single good, which was apparently combined with the Eleatic doctrine of Unity. Some of Euclides' successors developed logic to such an extent that they became a separate school, known as the Dialectical school. Their work on modal logic, logical conditionals, and propositional logic played an important role in the development of logic in antiquity.", "Euclid of Megara (also Euclides, Eucleides c. 435 c. 365 BCE) was a Greek Socratic philosopher who founded the Megarian school of philosophy. He was a pupil of Socrates in the late 5th century BCE, and was present at his death. He held the supreme good to be one, eternal and unchangeable, and denied the existence of anything contrary to the good. Editors and translators in the Middle Ages often confused him with Euclid of Alexandria when discussing the latter's \"Elements\".", "Pyrrho (\"Pyrrn\", c. 360 BC  c. 270 BC), was a Greek philosopher of Classical Antiquity and is credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher.", "Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwestern Asia.", "Clinomachus ( Greek : ; 4th - century BCE ) , was a Megarian philosopher from Thurii . He is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been the first who composed treatises on the fundamental principles of dialectics , and he is described as the founder of the Dialectical school . According to the Suda , he was the disciple of Euclid of Megara , and he taught Bryson , the teacher of Pyrrho . He thus lived towards the earlier half of the 4th century BC." ]

[ "classical period", "megarian school", "renaissance" ]

[ "The Liberal Democrats (often referred to as the Lib Dems) are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which had formed the SDPLiberal Alliance for the previous seven years.\nAt the 2010 general election, led by Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrats won 57 seats, making them the third-largest party in the House of Commons, behind the Conservatives with 306 and Labour with 258. With no party having an overall majority, the Liberal Democrats agreed to join a coalition government with the Conservative Party with Clegg becoming Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats taking up ministerial positions.", "Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition. The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament. A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis (for example, during wartime or economic crisis) to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy or collective identity it desires while also playing a role in diminishing internal political strife. In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "Yr Wyddfa commonly known as Snowdon in English, is the highest mountain in Wales, at an elevation of above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles south of the Scottish Highlands. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (\") in Gwynedd, and has been described as \"probably the busiest mountain in Britain\". It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.", "A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.", "The Bristol Channel is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset in South West England. It extends from the lower estuary of the River Severn to the North Atlantic Ocean. It takes its name from the English city of Bristol, and is over 30 miles (50 km) across at its widest point.", "Nicholas William Peter \"Nick\" Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Lord President of the Council from 2010 to 2015 in the Cameron coalition ministry. Clegg was the Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 2007 to 2015 and has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Hallam since 2005.", "Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.", "The Scottish Liberal Democrats is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Scotland.", "The Welsh Liberal Democrats ( Welsh : Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol Cymru ) are one of the three state parties of the federal Liberal Democrats and operate within Wales , the others being the Scottish Liberal Democrats and the English Liberal Democrats . They are led by Kirsty Williams AM , and hold 5 of 60 seats in the National Assembly for Wales and 1 of 40 Welsh seats in the UK Parliament , but none of four Welsh seats in the European Parliament .", "The SDPLiberal Alliance was a centrist political and electoral alliance in the United Kingdom. Formed by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party, the Alliance existed from 1981 to 1988, when the two parties merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats, later renamed the Liberal Democrats.", "The Irish Sea (, , , Ulster-Scots: \"Airish Sea\"), separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea." ]

[ "1", "1937", "alliance", "cabinet", "channel", "climate", "coalition", "coast", "collective", "country", "crisis", "division", "electoral alliance", "elevation", "england", "estuary", "five", "government", "house of commons", "inlet", "island", "january", "jurisdiction", "league", "may", "member", "minister", "mountain", "name", "ocean", "part", "party", "point", "political party", "politician", "population", "region", "role", "scottish", "sea", "seven", "state", "time", "two" ]

[ "Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British satirical action comedy film directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. The three and the film's producer Nira Park had previously worked together on the television series \"Spaced\" and the 2004 film \"Shaun of the Dead\". The film follows two police officers attempting to solve a series of mysterious deaths in Sandford, a fictional small English town.", "Spaced is a British television sitcom written by and starring Jessica Stevenson and Simon Pegg, and directed by Edgar Wright. Two series of seven episodes each were broadcast in 1999 and 2001 on Channel 4 on a Friday night.", "Nicholas John \"Nick\" Frost (born 28 March 1972) is a British actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and author. He is best known for his work in the \"Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy\" of films, consisting of \"Shaun of the Dead\" (2004), \"Hot Fuzz\" (2007), and \"The World's End\" (2013), and the television comedy \"Spaced\" (19992001). He also appeared in Joe Cornish's film \"Attack the Block\" (2011). He co-starred in the 2011 film \"Paul\", which he co-wrote with frequent collaborator and friend Simon Pegg. He is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show \"Man Stroke Woman\". He starred in \"Mr. Sloane\" as the title character, Jeremy Sloane.", "Man Stroke Woman is a British television comedy sketch show directed by Richard Cantor and produced by Ash Atalla and starring Amanda Abbington, Ben Crompton, Daisy Haggard, Meredith MacNeill, Nicholas Burns and Nick Frost. In addition to being broadcast on digital channel BBC Three in the United Kingdom, all the episodes were available for streaming from the BBC website. Series 2 started in January 2007 and is also available for streaming from the BBC website.", "A zombie (Haitian French: \"zombi\", Haitian Creole: \"zonbi\") is a fictional undead being created through the reanimation of a human corpse. Zombies are most commonly found in horror and fantasy genre works. The term comes from Haitian folklore, where a \"zombie\" is a dead body reanimated through various methods, most commonly magic. Modern depictions of zombies do not necessarily involve magic but often invoke science fictional methods such as radiation, mental diseases, viruses, scientific accidents, etc.", "Edgar Howard Wright (born 18 April 1974) is an English director, screenwriter, producer, and actor. He is best known for his comedic \"Three Flavours Cornetto\" film trilogy consisting of \"Shaun of the Dead\" (2004), \"Hot Fuzz\" (2007), and \"The World's End\" (2013), made with recurrent collaborators Simon Pegg, Nira Park and Nick Frost. He also collaborated with them as the director of the television series \"Spaced\".", "Nira Park is a British television and film producer.", "The Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy (also known as the Cornetto trilogy or the Blood and Ice Cream trilogy) is a series of British comedic genre films directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, produced by Nira Park, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. The trilogy consists of \"Shaun of the Dead\" (2004), \"Hot Fuzz\" (2007), and \"The World's End\" (2013).", "Joseph Murray \"Joe\" Cornish (born 20 December 1968) is an English comedian, television and radio presenter, film director, writer and actor, who together with his long-time comedy partner, Adam Buxton, forms the comedy duo Adam and Joe. In 2011, Cornish released his directorial debut \"Attack the Block\". He has also co-written \"\", with Steven Moffat and Edgar Wright, and \"Ant-Man\", with Wright, Adam McKay and Paul Rudd.", "Shaun of the Dead is a 2004 British horror comedy film directed by Edgar Wright , written by Wright and Simon Pegg , and starring Pegg and Nick Frost . Pegg plays Shaun , a man attempting to get some kind of focus in his life as he deals with his girlfriend , his mother and stepfather . At the same time , he has to cope with an apocalyptic zombie uprising . The film was a critical and commercial success . Shaun of the Dead was also a BAFTA nominee . Pegg and Wright considered a sequel that would replace zombies with another monster , but decided against it as they were pleased with the first film as a stand - alone product , and thought too many characters died to continue the story . The film is the first in Wright and Pegg 's Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy , followed by 2007 's Hot Fuzz and 2013 's The World 's End ." ]

[ "bbc", "edgar wright", "haggard", "man", "nira park", "various" ]

[ "Modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\", primarily ssp. \"Homo sapiens sapiens\") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.", "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "Pseudorthocerida is an order of generally straight longiconic Orthoceratoids with a subcentral to marginal cyrtochoanitic siphuncle composed of variably expanded segments which may contain internal deposits that may develop into a continuous parietal lining.(Sweet 1964). Cameral deposits are common and concentrated ventrally. Apices typically have a slight to moderate exogastric curvature ", "The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 46.7 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 252.2 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the city of Perm.", "Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "The Arkansas Delta is one of the six natural regions of the state of Arkansas. Willard B. Gatewood Jr., author of \"The Arkansas Delta: Land of Paradox\", says that rich cotton lands of the Arkansas Delta make that area \"The Deepest of the Deep South.\"", "In the context of human society, a family (from ) is a group of people affiliated either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or any other relationship like siblings families etc..), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word \"family\") \nor some combination of these. Members of the immediate family include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons, and/or daughters. Members of the extended family may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and/or siblings-in-law. Sometimes these are also considered members of the immediate family, depending on an individual's specific relationship with them.", "Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. A fossil fuel, coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over time.", "A cephalopod (pronounced or ) is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , \"kephalópoda\"; \"head-feet\"). These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles (muscular hydrostats) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology.", "Carbactinoceratidae is a family of extinct cephalopods with external shells that lived around 325 million years ago , during the Carboniferous period . They were the last group of orthocones to attain sizes exceeding one meter ( three feet ) in length . One specimen of the carbactinoceratid species Rayonnoceras solidiforme , recently found in Arkansas , was measured at 2.5 metres ( 8.2 ft ) long .", "Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognized union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity. When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.\nIndividuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes. Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition. Conversely, such practices may be outlawed and penalized in parts of the world out of concerns for women's rights and because of international law. In developed parts of the world, there has been a general trend towards ensuring equal rights within marriage for women and legally recognizing the marriages of interfaith or interracial, and same-sex couples. These trends coincide with the broader human rights movement.", "Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.", "The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.\nThe first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. Various terrestrial arthropods also became well-established. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the \"Age of Fish\". The first ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fish appeared, while the placodermi began dominating almost every known aquatic environment.", "The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya. The name \"Carboniferous\" means \"coal-bearing\" and derives from the Latin words \"carb\" (\"coal\") and \"fer\" (\"I bear, I carry\"), and was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822. Based on a study of the British rock succession, it was the first of the modern 'system' names to be employed, and reflects the fact that many coal beds were formed globally during that time. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian.", "The Arkansas Timberlands (sometimes also called Southern Arkansas or Southwest Arkansas) is a region of the U.S. state of Arkansas generally encompassing the area south of the Ouachita Mountains, south of Central Arkansas and west of the Arkansas Delta. With several different definitions in use by various state agencies, the Arkansas Timberlands is essentially a region known for dense pine and cypress forests covering hilly terrain and lining numerous rivers. Modern settlement created a significant logging industry and subsequent clearance agriculture which provided the basis of the local economy until the discovery of petroleum. Local tourism is largely based on the popularity of deer hunting and bass fishing. Attractions there include Marks' Mills Battleground Historical Monument, Jenkins' Ferry Battleground Historical Monument, Overflow National Wildlife Refuge, Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, South Arkansas Arboretum, Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources, White Oak Lake State Park, Poison Springs Battleground State Park, Millwood State Park, and Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge. The Arkansas Timberlands was the birthplace of former President of the United States Bill Clinton.", "Rayonnoceras is a genus of extinct cephalopods that lived around 325 million years ago during the Carboniferous. Although they resemble earlier actinocerids they are now though to belong to the Pseudorthocerida " ]

[ "area", "areas", "bear", "cephalopoda", "delta", "hominina", "homo", "human", "mya", "plant", "pseudorthocerida" ]

[ "Los Angeles (Spanish for \"The Angels\"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .", "Nacho Libre is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Jared Hess with music by Danny Elfman and written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and Mike White . It was loosely based on the story of Fray Tormenta ( `` Friar Storm '' ) , aka Rev. Sergio Gutiérrez Benítez , a real - life Mexican Catholic priest who had a 23 - year career as a masked luchador . He competed in order to support the orphanage he directed . The producers are Jack Black , David Klawans , Julia Pistor and Mike White . The film stars Jack Black , Troy Gentile , Ana de la Reguera , Hector Jimenez , Peter Stormare , Carla Jimenez , Richard Montoya , César González , Moisés Arias , Donald Chambers , Darius Rose , Diego Eduardo Gomez and Craig Williams . The film received mixed reviews from critics . The film was theatrically released on June 16 , 2006 by Paramount Pictures .", "Sergio Gutiérrez Benítez (born May 29, 1945) is a Mexican priest who supported an orphanage for 23 years as a lucha libre wrestler. While performing, he wore a red and yellow mask and used the ring name Fray Tormenta. He made only sporadic in-ring appearances in the 2000s before retiring completely from wrestling in July 2011, but still wears his mask even in his duties as a priest. Fray Tormenta means \"Friar Storm\" in English.", "Lucha libre (meaning \"Free fight\") is a term used in Mexico for a form of professional wrestling developed in the country. Professional wrestling is an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport. Although the term today refers exclusively to professional wrestling, it was originally used in the same style as the American and English term \"freestyle wrestling\", referring to an amateur wrestling style without the restrictions of Greco-Roman wrestling.", "Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm (born 27 August 1953), known professionally as Peter Stormare, is a Swedish actor, voice actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician. He is probably best known for playing Gaear Grimsrud in the 1996 film \"Fargo\". He is also well known for his role as John Abruzzi in the Fox series \"Prison Break\" and Ingmar in \"Swedish Dicks\".", "Moisés Arias (born April 18, 1994) is an American actor who is best known for his roles as Rico in the Disney Channel series \"Hannah Montana\" and Biaggio in the 2013 Sundance film \"The Kings of Summer\".", "Disney Channel (originally called The Disney Channel from 1983 to 1997 and commonly shortened to Disney from 1997 to 2002) is an American basic cable and satellite television network that serves as the flagship property of owner Disney Channels Television Group, itself a unit of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.", "Paramount Pictures Corporation (known professionally as Paramount Pictures and often referred to simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world, the second oldest in the United States, and the sole member of the \"Big Six\" film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood. In 1916 Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and honored each with a star on the logo. These fortunate few would become the first \"movie stars.\" Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)." ]

[ "basic", "english", "spanish", "swedish" ]

[ "Shanghai Baby is a semi-autobiographical novel written by Chinese author Wei Hui. It was originally published in China in 1999. The English translation was published in 2001.", "Early life and teen years.\nBorn only three years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the son of a school teacher, Jia Yanchun (), Jia had an early role model for his later decision to become a writer. Due to a shortage of qualified teachers in Shaanxi at the time, however, Jia's father was often away from home and so he spent much of his early childhood with his mother, Zhou Xiao'e (). With the advent of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Jia Yanchun was accused of being a counter-revolutionary and he spent the next ten years in a labor camp. Three years later, with the closing of all schools in China following the excesses of the Red Guards, Jia was dispatched with his classmates to build reservoirs in the countryside.", "Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, tracing back to thousands of years ago. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well. Important components of Chinese culture include ceramics, architecture, music, literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy and religion.", "Mian Mian (born August 28, 1970 in Shanghai) is a Chinese Post 70s Generation writer. She writes on China's once-taboo topics and she is a promoter of Shanghai's local music. Her publications have earned her the reputation as China's literary wild child.", "Zhou Weihui (born Ningbo, 1973) is a Chinese Post 70s Generation writer, living and working in Shanghai and New York City. Her novel \"Shanghai Baby\" () (1999) was banned in the People's Republic of China as \"decadent\". Her latest novel \"Marrying Buddha\" () (2005) was censored, modified and published in China under a modified title. She is often associated with Mian Mian, another slightly older member of the \"New Generation\".", "The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement that took place in China from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to preserve 'true' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society, and to re-impose Maoist thought as the dominant ideology within the Party. The Revolution marked the return of Mao Zedong to a position of power after the Great Leap Forward. The movement paralyzed China politically and negatively affected the country's economy and society to a significant degree.", "Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek (\"mousike\"; \"art of the Muses\"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as \"the harmony of the spheres\" and \"it is music to my ears\" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, \"There is no noise, only sound.\"", "Shaanxi, formerly romanized as Shensi, is a province of the People's Republic of China. Officially part of the Northwest China region, it lies in central China, bordering the provinces of Shanxi (NE, E), Henan (E), Hubei (SE), Chongqing (S), Sichuan (SW), Gansu (W), Ningxia (NW), and Inner Mongolia (N). It covers an area of over with about 37 million people. Xi'anwhich includes the sites of the former Chinese capitals Fenghao and Chang'anis the provincial capital. Xianyang, which served as the Qin capital, is located nearby. The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an and Yulin.", "Marrying Buddha is the second novel by Chinese author Wei Hui and is a sequel to her first published novel, \"Shanghai Baby\". The English translation was made in 2005.", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.", "This list consists of these activists who are known as Chinese dissidents . The label is primarily applied to intellectuals who `` push the boundaries '' of society or criticize the policies of the government . Examples of the former include Zhou Weihui and Jia Pingwa , whose sexually explicit writings reflect dissent from traditional Chinese culture rather than the laws of the state .", "Shanghai (\": Zånhae\" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.", "Architecture (Latin \"architectura\", from the Greek \"arkhitekton\" \"architect\", from - \"chief\" and \"builder\") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.", "An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and proposes solutions for the normative problems of society, and thus he or she gains authority as a public intellectual. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by producing or by extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.", ", formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively." ]

[ "ancient", "capital", "century", "city", "city of new york", "country", "municipality", "music", "novel", "people", "person", "population", "product", "river", "role", "state", "title", "writer" ]

[ "A historian is a person who researches, studies, and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is a historian of prehistory. Although \"historian\" can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike, it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline. Some historians, though, are recognized by publications or training and experience. \"Historian\" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere.", "The North Aegean is one of the thirteen regions of Greece. It comprises the islands of the north-eastern Aegean Sea, except for Samothrace, which belongs to the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace.", "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "The History of the Peloponnesian War (Greek: \"\") is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War (431404 BC), which was fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens). It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian historian who also happened to serve as an Athenian general during the war. His account of the conflict is widely considered to be a classic and regarded as one of the earliest scholarly works of history. The \"History\" is divided into eight books.", "Argos (Modern Greek: ; Ancient Greek: ) is a city in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is also a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see. It is the biggest town in Argolis and a major center for the area.\nSince the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality of Argos-Mykines, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 138.138 km. It is from Nafplion, which was its historic harbour. A settlement of great antiquity, Argos has been continuously inhabited as at least a substantial village for the past 7,000 years. The city is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network.", "Lesbos, sometimes referred to as \"Mytilini\" after its capital, is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Turkey by the narrow Mytilini Strait and in late Palaeolithic/Mesolithic times was joined to the Anatolian mainland before the end of the last glacial period.", "Thucydides (\"Thoukudíds\", ; c. 460 c. 400 BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His \"History of the Peloponnesian War\" recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of \"scientific history\" because of his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work.", "Mytilene (\"\" ) is an ancient city founded in the 11th century BC. Mytilene is the capital and port of the island of Lesbos and also the capital of the North Aegean Region. The seat of governor of the North Aegean Region is Mytilene. Mytilene is also one of 13 municipalities (counties) on the island of Lesbos. Mytilene is built on the southeast edge of the island. It is also the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the Orthodox church.", "The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states, Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, who were initially backed by Persia. The immediate cause of the war was a local conflict in northwest Greece in which both Thebes and Sparta intervened. The deeper cause was hostility towards Sparta provoked by that city's \"expansionism in Asia Minor, central and northern Greece and even the west\".", "Sparta (Doric Greek: ; Attic Greek: ) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon, while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.", "Lesbonax , of Mytilene , Greek sophist and rhetorician , flourished in the time of Caesar Augustus . According to Photius I of Constantinople he was the author of sixteen political speeches , of which two are extant , a hortatory speech after the style of Thucydides , and a speech on the Corinthian War . In the first he exhorts the Athenians against the Spartans , in the second ( the title of which is misleading ) against the Thebans ( edition by F. Kiehr , Lesbonactis sophistae quae supersunt ( Leipzig 1906 ) . Some erotic letters are also attributed to him . His son Potamo was also a notable rhetorician . The Lesbonax described in the Suda as the author of a large number of philosophical works is probably of much earlier date ; on the other hand , the author of a small treatise on grammatical figures ( ed. Rudolf Miller , Leipzig , 1900 ) , is probably later ." ]

[ "aegean sea", "argos", "athens", "attica", "banks", "center", "central", "greece", "home", "island", "lesbos", "macedonia", "metropolis", "most", "mytilene", "of", "peloponnese", "piraeus", "reform", "rose", "sparta", "thebes" ]

[ "Fish pie is a traditional British dish . The pie is usually made with white , often smoked , fish ( for example cod , haddock or halibut ) in a white sauce or cheddar cheese sauce made using the milk the fish was poached in . Prawns and hard boiled eggs are other common additional ingredients . It is oven - baked in a deep dish but is not usually made with the shortcrust or puff pastry casing that is associated with most savoury pies ( e.g. steak and kidney pie ) . In place of a pastry casing enclosing the pie , a topping of mashed potatoes ( sometimes with cheese or vegetables such as onions and leeks added ) is used to enclose the contents during baking . The dish is sometimes referred to as `` fisherman 's pie '' because the topping is similar to that of shepherd 's pie , in that it uses mashed potatoes .", "Steak and kidney pie is a savoury pie that is filled principally with a mixture of diced beef, diced kidney (often of beef, lamb, or pork), fried onion, and brown gravy. Steak and kidney pie is a representative dish of British cuisine.", "The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom. British cuisine has been described as \"unfussy dishes made with quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces to accentuate flavour, rather than disguise it.\" However, British cuisine has absorbed the cultural influence of those who have settled in Britain, producing many hybrid dishes, such as the Anglo-Indian chicken tikka masala.\nCeltic agriculture and animal breeding produced a wide variety of foodstuffs for indigenous Celts and Britons. Anglo-Saxon England developed meat and savoury herb stewing techniques before the practice became common in Europe. The Norman conquest introduced exotic spices into England in the Middle Ages. The British Empire facilitated a knowledge of India's elaborate food tradition of \"strong, penetrating spices and herbs\". Food rationing policies, put in place by the British government during wartime periods of the 20th century, are said to have been the stimulus for British cuisine's poor international reputation. It has been claimed, contrary to popular belief, that people in southern England eat more garlic per head than the people of northern France.", "Pollock (alternatively and more commonly among anglers spelled as \"pollack\"; pronounced ) is the common name used for either of the two species of North Atlantic marine fish in the genus Pollachius. \"Pollachius pollachius\" is referred to as pollock in both North America and United Kingdom, while \"Pollachius virens\" today is usually known as coley in the British Isles (derived from the older name coalfish). Other names for \"P. pollachius\" include the Atlantic pollock, European pollock, lieu jaune, and lythe; while \"P. virens\" is also known as Boston blues (distinct from bluefish), silver bills or saithe.", "Cod is the common name for the genus \"Gadus\" of demersal fishes, belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and some species suggested to belong to genus \"Gadus\" are not called cod (the Alaska pollock).", "Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation. The solids are separated and pressed into final form. Some cheeses have molds on the rind or throughout. Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature." ]

[ "england", "europe", "united kingdom" ]

[ "In video games, a quick time event (QTE) is a method of context-sensitive gameplay in which the player performs actions on the control device shortly after the appearance of an on-screen instruction/prompt. It allows for limited control of the game character during cut scenes or cinematic sequences in the game. Performing the prompted action improperly or not at all results in the character's failure at their task and often in an immediate game over.", "Kowloon is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait to the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutter's Island to the west, a mountain range, including Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock to the north, and Victoria Harbour to the south. It had a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km in 2006. The peninsula's area is approximately .", "A minigame (also spelled mini-game or mini game and sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short video game often contained within another video game, and sometimes in application software or on a display of any form of hardware. A minigame is always smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained. Minigames are sometimes also offered separately for free to promote the main game. For instance, the \"Pokémon Stadium\" minigames involve merely pressing a few buttons at specific intervals, with little complexity. Some minigames can also be bonus stages or secret levels.", "Guilin, formerly romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the north. Its name means \"Forest of Sweet Osmanthus\", owing to the large number of fragrant sweet osmanthus trees located in the city. The city has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography and is one of China's most popular tourist destinations.", "Shenmue Online ( OL , Shenm Onrain ) was an announced MMORPG where players participate in scenarios from Shenmue II , joining one of three clans , led by Shen Hua , Xiu Ying , and Wu Ying Ren , all significant characters from the story .", "\"Shenmue\" consists of open-world 3D environments interspersed with brawler battles and quick time events. The game's detail was considered unprecedented at the time, including a day-and-night system, variable weather effects, non-player characters with daily schedules, numerous interactive objects, and various minigames. The player controls martial artist Ryo Hazuki as he sets out in revenge for the murder of his father in 1980s Yokosuka, Japan.", "Like the original \"Shenmue\", \"Shenmue II\" consists of open-world 3D environments interspersed with brawler battles and quick time events. It features a day-and-night system, variable weather effects, non-player characters with daily schedules, and various minigames. The player controls the teenage martial artist Ryo Hazuki as he arrives in Hong Kong in 1987 in pursuit of his father's killer. His journey takes him to Kowloon and the mountains of Guilin, where he meets a young woman who is part of his destiny.", "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory." ]

[ "administrative region", "application", "area", "cairn", "character", "city", "day", "device", "failure", "game", "game character", "limited", "lion", "method", "mountain", "number", "part", "peninsula", "population", "prefecture", "region", "republic", "river delta", "stadium", "state", "system", "time", "variable", "video", "video game", "weather" ]

[ "The period spanned roughly 500 years extending from the 12th century through the 16th century. It is customarily split into an Early and Late division. Politically, the first half of Late Middle Japanese consists of the end of the Heian period known as \"Insei\" and the Kamakura period; the second half of Late Middle Japanese consists of the Muromachi period.", "Old Japanese was written using Chinese characters, using an increasingly standardized and phonetic form that eventually evolved into \"man'ygana\". Typically for a Japonic language and for a step in the evolutionary line of modern Japanese, Old Japanese was a primarily agglutinative language with subjectobjectverb word ordering. However, the language was marked by a few phonemic differences from later forms of Japanese, such as an eschewing of diphthongs. It distinguished between a few pairs of syllables with identical pronunciationsa phenomenon known as \"Jdai Tokushu Kanazukai\"but the function of this differentiation is not known.", "A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.", "Early works of Japanese literature were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. Indian literature also had an influence through the Diffusion of Buddhism in Japan. Eventually, Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan, although the influence of Chinese literature and Classical Chinese remained until the end of the Edo period. Since Japan reopened its ports to Western trading and diplomacy in the 19th century, Western and Eastern literature have strongly affected each other and continue to do so. ", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional daimy. The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo.", "The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature vernacular fiction novels that arose during the Ming Dynasty to entertain the masses of literate Chinese. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang Dynasty (618907) and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (9901051) during the Song Dynasty (9601279) rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. In more modern times, the author Lu Xun (18811936) is considered the founder of \"baihua\" literature in China.", "This is an alphabetical list of writers who are Japanese , or are famous for having written in the Japanese language . See also : Japanese literature Writers are listed by the native order of Japanese names , family name followed by given name to ensure consistency although some writers are known by their western - ordered name . List of Japanese writers by family name : A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - M - N - O - R - S - T - U - W - Y - Z", "The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-ky, or modern Kyto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height. The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family. Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family. means \"peace\" in Japanese", "Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese. Classical Chinese is a traditional style of written Chinese that evolved from the classical language, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Literary Chinese was used for almost all formal writing in China until the early 20th century, and also, during various periods, in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Literary Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese, a style of writing that is similar to modern spoken Mandarin Chinese, while speakers of non-Chinese languages have largely abandoned Literary Chinese in favor of local vernaculars.", "The or the lies in the southern-central region of Japan's main island Honsh. The region includes the prefectures of Mie, Nara, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Hygo, and Shiga. While the use of the terms \"Kansai\" and \"Kinki\" have changed over history, in most modern contexts the use of the two terms is interchangeable. The urban region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region) is the second most populated in Japan after the Greater Tokyo Area.", "A vocabulary is a set of familiar words within a person's language. A vocabulary, usually developed with age, serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Acquiring an extensive vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning a second language.", "Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government. Tokyo is in the Kant region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "The period spanned roughly 250 years extending from the 17th century through half of the 19th century. Politically, this generally corresponds with the Edo period.", "Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial texts did not appear until the 8th century. During the Heian period (7941185), Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese (11851600) saw changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, as well as the first appearance of European loanwords. The standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo (modern Tokyo) region in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th centurymid-19th century). Following the end in 1853 of Japan's self-imposed isolation, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly. English loanwords in particular have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated.", "Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since its official introduction in 552 AD according to the \"Nihon Shoki\" from Baekje, Korea by Buddhist monks. Though some Chinese sources place the first spreading of the religion earlier during the Kofun period (250 to 538). Buddhism has had a major influence on the development of Japanese society and remains an influential aspect of the culture to this day.", ", also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a \"floating world\".", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower." ]

[ "author", "buddhist", "capital", "century", "city", "country", "division", "emperor", "island", "island nation", "language", "metropolitan area", "name", "object", "people", "person", "population", "song", "state", "word" ]

[ "The Jura Mountains are a sub-alpine mountain range located north of the Western Alps, mainly following the course of the FranceSwitzerland border. \nThe Jura separates the Rhine and Rhône basins, forming part of the watershed of each. ", "Paul Heathcote MBE is a chef , restaurateur and food consultant who spent two years under the guidance of Raymond Blanc at Le Manoir aux Quat ' Saisons . He has appeared on many UK food television shows , and currently runs several restaurants including Heathcotes Brasserie , The Olive Press Preston and the Longridge Restaurant . He hails from Bolton , Lancashire , and supports the town 's football club , Bolton Wanderers . Heathcote was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2009 Birthday Honours .", "Longridge is a medium-sized town and civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is situated north-east of the city of Preston, at the western end of Longridge Fell, a long ridge above the River Ribble. Its nearest neighbours are Grimsargh and the Roman town of Ribchester (Bremetennacum), to the southeast. The parish of Longridge had a population of 7,546 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing to 7,724 at the 2011 Census.", "A ridge or mountain ridge is a geological feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance. Ridges are usually termed hills or mountains as well, depending on size. ", "Bolton (or locally ) is a town in Greater Manchester in North West England. A former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area in the 14th century, introducing a wool and cotton-weaving tradition. The urbanisation and development of the town largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. Bolton was a 19th-century boomtown, and at its zenith in 1929 its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War, and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton.", "Marco Pierre White (born 11 December 1961) is a British chef, restaurateur, and television personality from Leeds. White has been dubbed the first celebrity chef, and the \"enfant terrible\" of the UK restaurant scene. He was called the godfather of modern cooking by Australian \"MasterChef\" (Season 4, Episode 53). White was, at the time, the youngest chef ever to have been awarded three Michelin stars, and still holds that title to this day. He has trained famous chefs such as Mario Batali, Gordon Ramsay, Curtis Stone and Shannon Bennett.", "Michael Andrew Caines MBE (born 3 January 1969) is an English chef born in Exeter, Devon.", "Lancashire (; archaically the County Palatine of Lancaster; abbreviated Lancs.) is a non-metropolitan ceremonial county in north west England. The county town is Lancaster although the county's administrative centre is Preston. The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of . People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians.", "North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,052,000 in 2011. It is the third most populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London.", "John William Burton-Race (born 1 May 1957) is a British Michelin starred chef, television personality and celebrity chef, made famous by the Channel 4 series \"French Leave\" and its sequel \"Return of the Chef\" and \"I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here\".", "Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 . It lies within the United Kingdom's second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million. Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council.", "Heston Marc Blumenthal, OBE (born 27 May 1966) is a British celebrity chef. He is the proprietor of The Fat Duck in Bray, Berkshire, one of four restaurants in Great Britain to have three Michelin stars; it was voted No. 1 in The Worlds 50 Best Restaurants in 2005.", "A chef is a highly trained and skilled professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation of a particular cuisine. The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\", the director or head of a kitchen. Chefs can receive both formal training from an institution, as well as through apprenticeship with an experienced chef. ", "A cuisine (; from French , in turn from Latin \"coquere\" \"to cook\") is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. A cuisine is primarily influenced by the ingredients that are available locally or through trade. Religious food laws, such as Hindu, Islamic and Jewish dietary laws, can also exercise a strong influence on cuisine. Regional food preparation traditions, customs and ingredients often combine to create dishes unique to a particular region.", "A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment. In the West, a modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, counters and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design. Many households have a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances. The main function of a kitchen is serving as a location for storing, cooking and preparing food (and doing related tasks such as dishwashing), but it may also be used for dining, entertaining and laundry.", "Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.", "Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972; and designated a City Region on 1 April 2011.", "Raymond Blanc OBE (born 19 November 1949) is a French chef born near Besançon, the capital of the Franche-Comté region in eastern France, between Burgundy and the Jura mountains. He grew up in Saône, a village just east of there. He is one of Britain's most respected chefs. Blanc is the owner and chef at Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons, a hotel-restaurant in Great Milton, Oxfordshire, England. The restaurant has two Michelin stars and scored 9/10 in the \"Good Food Guide\". He is entirely self-taught, but has himself taught or employed other chefs including (for a week probation) Heston Blumenthal, John Burton-Race, Michael Caines, Paul Liebrandt, and Marco Pierre White." ]

[ "celebrity", "chef", "commercial", "cook", "hotel", "major", "mountain", "official", "restaurateur", "television", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Sébastien Japrisot (4 July 1931 4 March 2003) was a French author, screenwriter and film director, born in Marseille. His pseudonym was an anagram of \"Jean-Baptiste Rossi\", his real name. Japrisot has been nicknamed \"the Graham Greene of France\".", "Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904  3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by some as one of the great writers of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or \"entertainments\" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1967, for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through 67 years of writings, which included over 25 novels, he explored the ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world, often through a Catholic perspective.", "Isabelle Yasmina Adjani (born 27 June 1955) is a French film actress and singer. She is one of the most acclaimed French actresses of all time. A five-time winner of the César Award for Best Actress, she won for \"Possession\" (1981), \"One Deadly Summer\" (1983) \"Camille Claudel\" (1988), \"La Reine Margot\" (1994) and \"Skirt Day\" (2009), making her the only actress or actor in history to have five wins. She was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 2010, and a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in 2014.", "The César Award is the national film award of France. It is delivered in the \"\" ceremony and was first awarded in 1976. The nominations are selected by the members of twelve categories of filmmaking professionals and supported by the French Ministry of Culture. The nationally televised award ceremony is held in the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris each year in February. It is an initiative from the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma which was founded in 1975.", "One Deadly Summer ( French : L'été meurtrier ) is a French film directed by Jean Becker . Isabelle Adjani won a César award for her performance in this film . The film was a massive hit in France gaining 5,137,040 admissions and was the 2nd highest grossing film of the year . The film is based on a 1977 novel by Sébastien Japrisot ( whose real name is Jean - Baptiste Rossi ) ." ]

[ "1904", "1931", "1955", "1967", "1976", "1977", "1983", "1988", "2", "2003", "2010", "2014", "27", "3", "4", "4 march 2003", "5" ]

[ "The name marsh tern refers to terns of the genus \"Chlidonias\", which are typically found in freshwater marshes, rather than coastal locations. The genus name \"Chlidonias\" is from Ancient Greek \"khelidonios\", \"swallow-like\", from \"khelidon\", \"swallow\".", "The South Island or Te Waipounamu (\"Mori\") is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean. The South Island covers and is influenced by a temperate climate.", "A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil. Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, principally water purification, flood control, carbon sink and shoreline stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.", "Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents of the superfamily Muroidea. \"True rats\" are members of the genus \"Rattus\", the most important of which to humans are the black rat, \"Rattus rattus\", and the brown rat, \"Rattus norvegicus\". Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats.", "The North Island or Te Ika-a-Mui (\"Mori\") is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of ", "The black - fronted tern ( Chlidonias albostriatus ) also known as sea martin , ploughboy , inland tern , riverbed tern or tarapiroe , is a small tern generally found in or near bodies of fresh water in New Zealand and forages for freshwater fish , arthropods and worms . It has a predominantly grey plumage . Restricted to breeding in the eastern regions of South Island , it is declining and threatened by introduced mammals and birds .", "Gulls, often referred to as seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns (family Sternidae) and only distantly related to auks, skimmers, and more distantly to the waders. Until the 21st century, most gulls were placed in the genus \"Larus\", but this arrangement is now known to be polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of several genera. An older name for gulls is mew, cognate with German \"Möwe\", Danish \"måge\", Dutch \"meeuw\", and French \"mouette\"; this term can still be found in certain regional dialects.", "Plumage (\"feather\") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies, and may vary with age classes. Within species there can be different colour morphs.", "Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Previously considered a subfamily of the gulls, Laridae, they are now usually given full family status and divided into eleven genera. They are slender, lightly built birds with long, forked tails, narrow wings, long bills, and relatively short legs. Most species are pale grey above and white below, with a contrasting black cap to the head, but the marsh terns, the Inca tern, and some noddies have dark plumage for at least part of the year. The sexes are identical in appearance, but young birds are readily distinguishable from adults. Terns have a non-breeding plumage, which usually involves a white forehead and much-reduced black cap.", "The Inca tern (\"Larosterna inca\") is a seabird in the family Sternidae. It is the only member of the genus \"Larosterna\"." ]

[ "area", "bird", "inca", "laridae", "larosterna", "marsh tern", "muroidea", "plant", "rat", "tern" ]

[ "The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG UGGI) is an international non-governmental organisation dedicated to the scientific study of the Earth and its space environment using geophysical and geodetic techniques.", "Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of earth or environmental science, physical geography, geology or civil and environmental engineering.", "Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.", "The International Association of Cryospheric Sciences , or IACS , is the eighth association of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ( IUGG ) . It was launched by the IUGG Council on 2007 - 07 - 04 , developing from the International Commission of Snow and Ice of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ( IAHS ) via the transitional Union Commission for the Cryospheric Sciences ( UCCS ) . Formation of this new Association is recognition of the importance of the cryosphere in the study of Earth System Science , and particularly at a time of significant global change . Accordingly , cryospheric sciences is an umbrella term for the study of the cryosphere ( not unlike atmospheric sciences , encompassing meteorology , climatology , and aeronomy ) ; as an interdisciplinary Earth science , many disciplines contribute to it , most notably geology , hydrology , and meteorology and climatology ; in this sense , it is comparable to glaciology . IACS has historic connections going back to the establishment of the Commission Internationale des Glaciers ( International Glacier Commission ) in 1894 . The broad objectives of IACS are : to promote studies of the cryosphere ; to encourage research on cryospheric sciences through collaboration ; to foster discussion and publication of results of cryospheric research ; to promote education about the cryosphere ; to facilitate standardisation of cryospheric measurements ; and to promote the science of Permanent Services under IACS responsibility ( at present IACS has responsibility within the International Council of Science for the World Glacier Monitoring Service ( WGMS ) ) . IACS is structured around a number of disciplinary Divisions . Currently these are : Snow and Avalanches ; Glaciers and Ice Sheets ; Marine and Freshwater Ice ; Cryosphere , Atmosphere and Climate ; Planetary and other Ices of the Solar System . A number of working groups under these Divisions address scientific problems of the cryosphere that are timely and well constrained . Recent examples include a working group on `` Intercomparison of Forest Snow Process Models '' , and working groups that have developed a new `` International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground '' and a new `` Glossary of Mass Balance and Related Terms '' .", "The International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) is a non-profit non-governmental scientific organization committed to serving the science of hydrology and the worldwide community of hydrologists. The IAHS was established in 1922, and presently claims a membership in excess of 5000, from over 130 countries." ]

[ "association", "community", "engineering", "four", "geology", "object", "organization", "planet", "quality", "space", "study", "union", "water" ]

[ "Lutzomyia is a genus of phlebotomine sand flies consisting of nearly 400 species, at least 33 of which have medical importance as vectors of human disease. Species of the genus \"Lutzomyia\" are found only in the New World, distributed in southern areas of the Nearctic and throughout the Neotropic zone. \"Lutzomyia\" is one of the two genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae to transmit the Leishmania parasite, with the other being \"Phlebotomus\", found only in the Old World. \"Lutzomyia\" sand flies also serve as vectors for the bacterial Carrions disease and a number of arboviruses.", "Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera (from the - \"cheir\", \"hand\" and - \"pteron\", \"wing\") whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, can only glide for short distances. Bats do not flap their entire forelimbs, as birds do, but instead flap their spread-out digits, which are very long and covered with a thin membrane or patagium.", "The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae. In several countries, their common name is sand fly; but that name is also applied to other flies known as sandflies. The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding (hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever. In the New World, leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies in the genus \"Lutzomyia\", which commonly live in caves, where their main hosts are bats. In the Old World, sand flies in the genus \"Phlebotomus\" spread leishmaniasis.", "The Old World consists of Africa, Europe, and Asia, regarded collectively as the part of the world known to Europeans before contact with the Americas. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the New World (Americas).", "Leishmaniasis, also spelled leishmaniosis, is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus \"Leishmania\" and spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies. The disease can present in three main ways: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis. The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose, and the visceral form starts with skin ulcers and then later presents with fever, low red blood cells, and enlarged spleen and liver.\nInfections in humans are caused by more than 20 species of \"Leishmania\". Risk factors include poverty, malnutrition, deforestation, and urbanization. All three types can be diagnosed by seeing the parasites under the microscope. Additionally, visceral disease can be diagnosed by blood tests.\nLeishmaniasis can be partly prevented by sleeping under nets treated with insecticide. Other measures include spraying insecticides to kill sandflies and treating people with the disease early to prevent further spread. The treatment needed is determined by where the disease is acquired, the species of \"Leishmania\", and the type of infection. Some possible medications used for visceral disease include liposomal amphotericin B, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomycin, and miltefosine. For cutaneous disease, paromomycin, fluconazole, or pentamidine may be effective.\nAbout 12 million people are currently infected in some 98 countries. About 2 million new cases and between 20 and 50 thousand deaths occur each year. About 200 million people in Asia, Africa, South and Central America, and southern Europe live in areas where the disease is common. The World Health Organization has obtained discounts on some medications to treat the disease. The disease may occur in a number of other animals, including dogs and rodents.", "Midges are a group of insects that include many kinds of small flies . They are found ( seasonally or otherwise ) on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones . The term `` midge '' does not define any particular taxonomic group , but includes species in several families of Nematoceran Diptera . Some midges , such as many Phlebotominae ( sand fly ) and Simuliidae ( black fly ) , are vectors of various diseases . Many others play useful roles as prey items for insectivores , such as various frogs and swallows . Others are important as detritivores , participating in various nutrient cycles . The habits of midges vary greatly from species to species , though within any particular family midges commonly have similar ecological roles . Examples of families that include species of midges include : Blephariceridae , net - winged midges Cecidomyiidae , gall midges Ceratopogonidae , biting midges ( also known as no - see - ums or punkies in North America , and sandflies in Australia ) Chaoboridae , phantom midges Chironomidae , non-biting midges ( also known as muffleheads in the Great Lakes region of North America ) Deuterophlebiidae , mountain midges Dixidae , meniscus midges Scatopsidae , dung midges Thaumaleidae , solitary midges", "Bartonellosis is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus \"Bartonella\".\n\"Bartonella\" species cause diseases such as Carrións disease, trench fever, cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, chronic bacteremia, endocarditis, chronic lymphadenopathy, and neurological disorders.", "Phlebotomus is a genus of \"sand flies\" in the Diptera family Psychodidae. In the past, they have sometimes been considered to belong in a separate family, Phlebotomidae, but this alternative classification has not gained wide acceptance.", "Pappataci fever (also known as Phlebotomus fever and, somewhat confusingly, sandfly fever and three-day fever) is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. It occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly, it is the union of the word \"pappa\" (food) and taci (silent) which distinguish these insect from mosquitoes which produce a typical noise while flying." ]

[ "bacteria", "cause", "common name", "day", "disease", "family", "genus", "human", "human disease", "humans", "infectious", "infectious disease", "insecticide", "membrane", "name", "number", "order", "part", "skin", "species", "three", "wing", "word", "world health organization" ]

[ "`` Uptown Girl '' is a song written and performed by American musician Billy Joel . It was released on September 29 , 1983 , on his ninth studio album An Innocent Man ( 1983 ) . The lyrics describe a working - class `` downtown man '' attempting to woo a wealthy `` uptown girl . '' The 12 `` EP featured the tracks '' My Life `` , '' Just the Way You Are `` and '' It 's Still Rock and Roll to Me `` ( catalogue number TA3775 ) . Whereas some 7 '' single versions featured ' Careless Talk ' as a B - side ( TBC ) .", "Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies.", "An Innocent Man is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel, released on August 8, 1983. The concept album is a tribute to the American popular music of Joel's adolescent years with Joel paying homage to a number of different popular American musical styles from the late 1950s and early 1960s, most notably doo-wop and soul music. The album cover artwork was taken on the front steps of 142 Mercer Street, just north of the intersection of Mercer and Prince Street in the SoHo neighborhood in New York City.", "Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz. Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States; where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential in the civil rights era. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa.", "Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at  rpm. Vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc (CD) and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl.", "William Martin \"Billy\" Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Since releasing his first hit song, \"Piano Man\", in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States. His compilation album \"Greatest Hits Vol. 1 & 2\" is one of the best-selling albums in the US.", "Doo-wop is a genre of music that was developed in African-Americans communities of New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles in the 1940s, achieving mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (19141978) is often called the \"Godfather of Doo-wop\" for his introducing the \"top and bottom\" format which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics." ]

[ "album", "compilation album", "concept album", "genre", "gospel music", "jazz", "music", "musical", "pop", "popular music", "song" ]

[ "John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, (3 January 1892 2 September 1973), known by his pen name J. R. R. Tolkien, was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works \"The Hobbit\", \"The Lord of the Rings\", and \"The Silmarillion\".", "Fredegar `` Fatty '' Bolger is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien 's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings .", "The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel \"The Hobbit\", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, \"The Lord of the Rings\" is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.", "The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published on 21 September 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the \"New York Herald Tribune\" for best juvenile fiction. The book remains popular and is recognized as a classic in children's literature.", "A pen name (\"nom de plume\", or \"literary double\") is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of his or her works in place of their \"real\" name. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her previous works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge." ]

[ "combine", "distance", "epic", "fantasy novel", "hobbit", "january", "literature", "name", "novel", "number", "pen", "presentation", "publisher", "september", "sequel", "single", "title" ]

[ "Twickenham Stadium (usually known as Twickenham or Twickers) is a rugby union stadium in Twickenham, south west London, England. Owned by the governing body of rugby union in England, the Rugby Football Union (the RFU), the stadium hosts home test matches for the England national rugby union team. Other rugby union games played at the stadium include the Middlesex Sevens, the Aviva Premiership final, the LV Cup, the Varsity Match between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and European Rugby Champions Cup matches. The RFU headquarters are based in the stadium. ", "Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "The Middlesex Sevens is a Rugby Sevens tournament held annually at Twickenham stadium in London, England. It was first held in 1926, and started by Dr J.A. Russell-Cargill, a London-based Scot. The event was held at the end of the rugby union season in May every year for 75 years and moved to August in 2001 due to lack of available stadium dates and players in May. The Middlesex Sevens tournament was last played in 2011, as the new Premiership Rugby 7s Series caused many of the top clubs that previously took part to pull out.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "A team sport includes any sport which involves two or more players working together towards a shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to win. Examples are basketball, volleyball, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey.", "Twickenham is a leafy suburban area of south west London, on the River Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames southwest of the centre of London. It has a large town centre and is famous as being the home of rugby union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium, the world's largest rugby stadium, each year. The historic riverside area is famous for its network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which survive intact. This area has three grand period mansions with public access: York House, Marble Hill and Strawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century aphoristic poet Alexander Pope. Among these is the Neo-Gothic prototype home of Horace Walpole which has given its name to a whole district, Strawberry Hill, and is linked with the oldest Roman Catholic university in the country, St Mary's University, Twickenham.", "Twickenham Stadium ( / twknm / ; usually known as Twickenham or Twickers ) is a stadium in Twickenham , south west London , England . It is primarily a venue for rugby union and hosts England 's home test matches , the Middlesex Sevens , the Aviva Premiership final , the LV Cup and Heineken Cup matches . It has also hosted concerts by Rihanna , Iron Maiden , Bryan Adams , Bon Jovi , Genesis , U2 , The Rolling Stones , The Police , Eagles , R.E.M. and Lady Gaga , rugby league 's Challenge Cup final and conventions of Jehovah 's Witnesses , and will host American football as part of the NFL International Series from 2016 . It is the second largest stadium in the UK , after Wembley Stadium , and the fourth largest in Europe ." ]

[ "basketball", "celtic", "england national rugby union team", "sport" ]

[ "Anna Bonaiuto ( born 28 January 1950 ) is an Italian actress . She has appeared in 48 films and television shows since 1973 . She starred in L'amore molesto , which was entered into the 1995 Cannes Film Festival .", "Emir Kusturica (born 24 November 1954) is a Serbian filmmaker, actor and musician. He has been recognized for several internationally acclaimed feature films, as well as his projects in town-building. He has competed at the Cannes Film Festival on five ocasions and won the Palme d'Or twice (for \"When Father Was Away on Business\" and \"Underground\"), as well as the Best Director prize for \"Time of the Gypsies\". He has also won a Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for \"Arizona Dream\" and a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival for \"Black Cat, White Cat\". In addition he was also named Commander of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.", "The 48th Cannes Film Festival was held on May 17-28, 1995. The Palme d'Or went to \"Underground\" by Emir Kusturica." ]

[ "actor", "emir", "musician" ]

[ "Tom Brosseau is an American musical storyteller and guitarist, born and raised in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States.", "Punch Brothers is a band consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin), Gabe Witcher (fiddle/violin), Noam Pikelny (banjo), Chris Eldridge (guitar), and Paul Kowert (bass). Their style has been described as \"bluegrass instrumentation and spontaneity in the strictures of modern classical\" as well as \"American country-classical chamber music.\"", "Grand Forks is the third-largest city in the State of North Dakota (after Fargo and Bismarck) and is the county seat of Grand Forks County. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 52,838, while the total of the city and surrounding metropolitan area was 98,461. Grand Forks, along with its twin city of East Grand Forks, Minnesota, forms the center of the \"Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area,\" which is often called \"Greater Grand Forks\" or \"The Grand Cities\".", "How to Grow a Woman from the Ground is a 2006 album by Chris Thile and the How to Grow a Band , credited to Chris Thile . It was released on Sugar Hill on September 12 , 2006 . The album is named after a song on the album ; a cover of the original by folk singer Tom Brosseau . The album debuted to positive reviews from major music critics , with critics calling the album `` fantastic , eclectic '' , and `` genius '' . The album earned Thile a Grammy Award - nomination in 2006 .", "Christopher Scott \"Chris\" Thile (; born February 20, 1981) is an American virtuoso mandolinist, singer, songwriter, and radio personality, best known for his work in the progressive acoustic trio Nickel Creek and the acoustic folk/progressive bluegrass quintet Punch Brothers. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow. On October 15, 2016, he became the host of radio variety show \"A Prairie Home Companion\".", "Nickel Creek (formerly known as The Nickel Creek Band) is an American country music group consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin), and siblings Sara Watkins (fiddle) and Sean Watkins (guitar). Formed in 1989 in Southern California, they released six albums between 1993 and 2006. The band broke out in 2000 with a platinum-selling self-titled album produced by Alison Krauss, earning a number of Grammy and CMA nominations.", "A Prairie Home Companion is a live weekly radio variety show hosted by musician and songwriter Chris Thile. The program was created in 1974 by Garrison Keillor, who hosted it until 2016. It airs on Saturdays from 5 to 7 p.m. Central Time from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota and is also frequently heard on tours to New York and other US cities. The show is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians, tongue-in-cheek radio drama, and relaxed humor. Keillor's wry storytelling segment, \"News from Lake Wobegon\" was the show's best-known feature during his long tenure.", "A mandolin (; literally \"small mandola\") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass." ]

[ "10", "12", "15", "2000", "2006", "2010", "52", "8", "98", "a", "album", "as", "best", "broke", "brothers", "california", "chamber music", "chris", "christopher", "cities", "city", "dakota", "grand", "guitar", "he is", "host", "is", "live", "modern", "music", "october 15", "or", "p", "population", "progressive", "punch", "radio", "released", "sara", "six", "songwriter", "storyteller", "style", "succession", "the band", "the program", "the state", "third", "time", "total", "unison", "us", "variety", "versions" ]

[ "Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which is the closest continental area of Antarctica (1000 km). In terms of social and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay.", "Nassella ( needlegrass ) is a New World genus of over 100 perennial bunchgrasses found from North America through South America . The Latin word nassa refers to `` a basket with a narrow neck '' . It is usually considered segregate from the genus Stipa and includes many New World species formerly classified in that genus . As of 2011 , The Jepson Manual includes Nassella within Stipa . Nasella is characterized by strongly overlapping lemma margins and reduced , veinless paleas . The lemma tips are fused into the `` crown , '' a short membrane that surrounds the base of the lemma . The rim of the crown usually has hairs . Many species form both cross-pollinating and self - pollinating florets in the terminal panicle . The self - pollinating florets have 1 -- 3 small anthers ; the cross-pollinating florest have 3 longer anthers . Some species have self - pollinating inflorescences hidden in their basal leaf sheaths . These hidden inflorescences lack glumes and usually lack awns .", "Stipa is a genus of around 300 large perennial hermaphroditic grasses collectively known as feather grass, needle grass, and spear grass. They are placed in the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Stipeae.", "The University of California, Berkeley, (also referred to as Berkeley, UC Berkeley, and Cal) is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, Berkeley is the oldest of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system, and is often cited as the top public university in the United States and around the world.", "Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).", "The Pooideae are the largest subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, with over 4,200 species in 14 tribes and roughly 200 genera. They include some major cereals such as wheat, barley, oat, rye and many lawn and pasture grasses. They are often referred to as cool-season grasses, because they are distributed in temperate climate. All of them use the C photosynthetic pathway.", "The Jepson Manual is a flora of the vascular plants that are either native to or naturalized in California. Botanists often refer to the book simply as Jepson. It is produced by the University and Jepson Herbaria, of the University of California, Berkeley.", "California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.", "A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.", "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea." ]

[ "area", "areas", "argentina", "california", "poaceae", "pooideae", "stipa", "stipeae" ]

[ "Éric Daniel Pierre Cantona (born 24 May 1966) is a French actor and former international footballer for the French national team. He played for Auxerre, Martigues, Marseille, Bordeaux, Montpellier, Nîmes and Leeds United before ending his career at Manchester United where he won four Premier League titles in five years and two League and FA Cup Doubles.", "French Film is a 2008 British comedy film directed by Jackie Oudney and starring Anne-Marie Duff, Hugh Bonneville, Victoria Hamilton, Douglas Henshall and Eric Cantona. The film was shot in Spring 2007 at various locations around London including Waterloo station and the BFI Southbank.", "Hugh Richard Bonneville Williams (born 10 November 1963), known professionally as Hugh Bonneville, is a British stage, television and film actor. He is best known for playing Robert Crawley in the ITV period drama series \"Downton Abbey\" from 2010 until 2015, and has been nominated for BAFTA, Emmy and Golden Globe awards.", "Victoria Hamilton (born 1971) is an English actress known for her roles on stage and television. After training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Hamilton began her career in classical theatre, appearing in productions with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. In 2002, she appeared in the London stage play \"A Day in the Death of Joe Egg\" alongside Clive Owen and later Eddie Izzard. ", "Manon Lescaut (\"L'Histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut\") is a short novel by French author Abbé Prévost. Published in 1731, it is the seventh and final volume of \"Mémoires et aventures d'un homme de qualité\" (\"Memoirs and Adventures of a Man of Quality\"). It was controversial in its time and was banned in France upon publication. Despite this, it became very popular and pirated editions were widely distributed. In a subsequent 1753 edition, the Abbé Prévost toned down some scandalous details and injected more moralizing disclaimers.", "Douglas James Henshall (born 19 November 1965, Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish actor best known for his role as Professor Nick Cutter in the British science fiction series \"Primeval\" and as Jimmy Perez in crime drama \"Shetland\".", "The Wages of Fear is a 1953 French-Italian drama film directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot, starring Yves Montand, and based on the 1950 French novel \"Le salaire de la peur\" (lit. \"The Salary of Fear\") by Georges Arnaud. When an oil well owned by an American company catches fire, the company hires four European men, down on their luck, to drive two trucks over mountain dirt roads, loaded with nitroglycerine needed to extinguish the flames. The film brought Clouzot international fame, and allowed him to direct \"Les Diaboliques\". In France the film was the 4th highest-grossing film of the year with a total of 6,944,306 admissions.", "Manon is an \"opéra comique\" in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Philippe Gille, based on the 1731 novel \"Lhistoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut\" by the Abbé Prévost. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 19 January 1884, with sets designed by Eugène Carpezat (Act I), Auguste-Alfred Rubé and Philippe Chaperon (Acts II and III), and Jean-Baptiste Lavastre (Act IV).", "The Mystery of Picasso is a 1956 French documentary film about the painter Pablo Picasso, directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot, and showing Picasso in the act of creating paintings for the camera. Most of the paintings were subsequently destroyed so that they would only exist on film, though some may have survived.", "Anne-Marie Duff (born 8 October 1970) is an English born Irish actress. She first achieved mainstream attention for playing Fiona Gallagher in the television series \"Shameless\" (200405; 2013), and later played Elizabeth I in \"The Virgin Queen\" (2006). She also played the lead role in the television series \"From Darkness\" in 2015.", "Henri-Georges Clouzot ( ) was a French film director, screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for his work in the thriller film genre, having directed \"The Wages of Fear\" and \"Les Diaboliques\", which are critically recognized to be among the greatest films from the 1950s. Clouzot also directed documentary films, including \"The Mystery of Picasso\", which was declared a national treasure by the government of France.", "Manon ( French pronunciation : ( man ) ) is a 1949 French film directed by Henri - Georges Clouzot . It is a loose adaptation of the 1731 novel Manon Lescaut by Abbé Prévost . The film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival ." ]

[ "10", "1731", "19", "1950", "1953", "1956", "1963", "1966", "1971", "2002", "2004", "2007", "2008", "2015", "24", "8", "may 1966", "november 1965", "october 1970" ]

[ "Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a \"backbone\" or \"spine\"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms.", "An exoskeleton (from Greek , \"éx\" \"outer\" and , \"skeletos\" \"skeleton\") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. In usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as \"shells\". Examples of animals with exoskeletons include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches, and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters. The shells of certain sponges and the various groups of shelled molluscs, including those of snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus, are also exoskeletons. Some animals, such as the tortoise, have both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton.", "In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.", "In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division was used instead of \"phylum\", although from 1993 the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepted the designation \"phylum\". Depending on definitions, the kingdom Animalia contains approximately 35 phyla, Plantae contains about 12, and Fungi contains around 7. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships between phyla, which are contained in larger clades, like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.", "Chitin (CHON) is a long-chain polymer of an \"N\"-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is found in many places throughout the natural world. It is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans (e.g., crabs, lobsters and shrimps) and insects, the radulae of molluscs, and the beaks and internal shells of cephalopods, including squid and octopuses and on the scales and other soft tissues of fish and lissamphibians. The structure of chitin is comparable to the polysaccharide cellulose, forming crystalline nanofibrils or whiskers. In terms of function, it may be compared to the protein keratin. Chitin has proved versatile for several medicinal, industrial and biotechnological purposes.", "The Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies (both called lepidopterans). 180,000 species of Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, 10% of the total described species of living organisms. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. The term was coined by Linnaeus in 1735 and is derived from Ancient Greek (scale) and (wing). The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution. Recent estimates suggest the order may have more species than earlier thought, and is among the four most speciose orders, along with the Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera.", "An arthropod (from Greek \"arthro-\", joint + \"podos\", foot) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages (paired appendages). Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. \nArthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by moulting. Their versatility has enabled them to become the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in most environments. They have over a million described species, making up more than 80% of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most animals, are very successful in dry environments.", "Amphiesmenoptera is an insect superorder , established by S. G. Kiriakoff , but often credited to Willi Hennig in his revision of insect taxonomy for two sister orders : Lepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ) and Trichoptera ( caddisflies ) . Trichoptera and Lepidoptera share a number of derived characters ( synapomorphies ) which demonstrate their common descent : Females , rather than males , are heterogametic ( i.e. their sex chromosomes differ ) . Dense setae are present the wings ( modified into scales in Lepidoptera ) . There is a particular venation pattern on the forewings ( the double - looped anal veins ) . Larvae have mouth structures and glands to make and manipulate silk . Thus the two sister orders are grouped into the Amphiesmenoptera . The group probably evolved in the Jurassic , diverging from the extinct Necrotaulidae . Lepidoptera differ from the Trichoptera in several features , including wing venation , form of the scales on the wings , loss of the cerci , loss of an ocellus , and changes to the legs . Amphiesmenoptera are thought to be the sister group of Antliophora , a proposed superorder comprising Diptera ( flies ) , Siphonaptera ( fleas ) and Mecoptera ( scorpionflies ) . Together , Amphiesmenoptera and Antliophora compose the group Mecopterida .", "The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear.", "Insects (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], \"cut into sections\") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.", "Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Most lepidopterans are moths; and there are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which are yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.", "The thorax or chest (from the Greek \"thorax\" \"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain.", "Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the Cretaceous period, about 99 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists." ]

[ "animal", "arthropoda", "diptera", "ecdysozoa", "fungi", "insects", "lepidoptera", "nautilus", "phyla", "thorax", "thymus", "vertebrata" ]

[ "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American comedy-drama film directed by John Huston. It stars Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner, with Robert Loggia and, in an Academy Award-winning performance, the director's daughter Anjelica Huston.", "Carel Struycken (born July 30, 1948) is a Dutch film, television, and stage actor. He is best known for playing the Giant in \"Twin Peaks\", in \"\", and Lurch in the films \"The Addams Family\", \"Addams Family Values\", and \"Addams Family Reunion\". Because he is tall, he often plays character and comedic roles in which height is a major part.", "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 160102 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (who is disguised as a boy) falls in love with Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with the Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her thinking she is a man. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from the short story \"Of Apollonius and Silla\" by Barnabe Rich, based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.", "Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for his roles as Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy, Judge Doom in \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988) and Uncle Fester in \"The Addams Family\" (1991) and its sequel \"Addams Family Values\" (1993).", "Back to the Future is a 1985 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by helping Marty cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985.", "Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American fantasy comedy crime film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. The film is based on Gary K. Wolf's 1981 novel \"Who Censored Roger Rabbit?\" The film stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd, Charles Fleischer, Stubby Kaye, and Joanna Cassidy. Combining live-action and animation, the film is set in Hollywood during the late 1940s in an alternative timeline where animated characters really exist. The story follows Eddie Valiant, a private detective who must exonerate \"Toon\" Roger Rabbit, who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman.", "Raúl Rafael Juliá y Arcelay (March 9, 1940  October 24, 1994) was a Puerto Rican actor who received international recognition in America. Born in San Juan, he gained interest in acting while still in school. Upon completing his studies, Juliá decided to pursue a career in acting. After performing locally for some time, he was convinced by entertainment personality Orson Bean to move and work in New York City. Juliá, who had been bilingual since his childhood, soon gained interest in Broadway and Off-Broadway plays. He took over in the role of Orson in the Off-Broadway hit Your Own Thing, a rock musical updating of Twelfth Night. He performed in mobile projects, including The Puerto Rican Traveling Theatre.", "Barry Sonnenfeld (born April 1, 1953) is an American filmmaker and television director. He worked as cinematographer for the Coen brothers, then later he directed films such as \"The Addams Family\" and its sequel, \"Addams Family Values\" along with the \"Men in Black\" trilogy, and the critically acclaimed \"Get Shorty\". Sonnenfeld has also had four collaborations with actor and rapper Will Smith.", "Addams Family Reunion is a 1998 film based on \"The Addams Family\" television series (which was in turn based on the cartoons of Charles Addams). While created mainly for the direct-to-video market, it did premiere first on television on Fox Family. It is not a direct continuation of the two Paramount Addams Family films from 1991 and 1993, but rather a stand-alone film.", "Pugsley Addams is a member of the fictional Addams family, created by American cartoonist Charles Addams.", "James Christopher \"Jimmy\" Workman (born October 4, 1980) is an American retired actor, best known for playing the role of Pugsley Addams in \"The Addams Family\" (1991) and \"Addams Family Values\" (1993).", "Christina Ricci (born February 12, 1980) is an American actress, who began her acting career appearing in commercials and received early recognition as a child star. Her debut performance in \"Mermaids\" (1990) was followed by a breakthrough role as Wednesday Addams in \"The Addams Family\" (1991) and its sequel \"Addams Family Values\" (1993) when she was eleven and thirteen years old, respectively. Following her success with the \"Addams Family\" films, she earned somewhat of a \"teen icon\" status thanks to appearances in various big budget productions, notably \"Now and Then\" (1995) and \"Casper\" (1995), which were marketed for younger audiences, before making a successful transition into adult-oriented roles with the art house drama \"The Ice Storm\" (1997), at the age of seventeen.", "Joel David Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957), collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody. Their best-reviewed works include \"Fargo\" (1996), \"The Big Lebowski\" (1998), \"No Country for Old Men\" (2007), \"A Serious Man\" (2009), \"True Grit\" (2010), and \"Inside Llewyn Davis\" (2013).", "Walter Thomas Huston ('; born Walter Thomas Houghston; April 5, 1883 April 7, 1950) was a Canadian-born American actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\". He was the father of actor and director John Huston, the grandfather of Pablo Huston, Walter Anthony (Tony) Huston, Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, and Allegra Huston, and the great-grandfather of actor Jack Huston.", "Twin Peaks is an American television serial drama created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8, 1990, on ABC. The series was renewed for a second season that aired until June 10, 1991. It follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer (Sheryl Lee) in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington. The show's unsettling tone and supernatural elements are consistent with horror films, but its melodramatic portrayal of quirky characters engaged in dubious activities draws on American soap operas. Like much of Lynch's work, it is distinguished by offbeat humor and surrealism.", "Uncle Fester, also known as Fester Addams, is a member of the fictional Addams Family. He was played by Jackie Coogan in the original television series, by Christopher Lloyd in the two feature films, and by Patrick Thomas in the direct-for-video film \"Addams Family Reunion\". Finally, Michael Roberds played Fester in \"The New Addams Family\". In the Broadway musical, the part was originated by Kevin Chamberlin, with Brad Oscar taking over on March 8, 2011.", "Wednesday Friday Addams is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Charles Addams in his comic strip \"The Addams Family\". The character has also appeared in television and film, in both the live action and animated formats.", "Anjelica Huston (born July 8, 1951) is an American actress, director and former fashion model. Huston became the third generation of her family to win an Academy Award, when she won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 1985's \"Prizzi's Honor\", joining her father, director John Huston, and grandfather, actor Walter Huston. She also received Academy Award nominations for \"Enemies, a Love Story\" (1989) and \"The Grifters\" (1990).", "Your Own Thing is a rock-styled musical comedy loosely based on \"Twelfth Night\" by William Shakespeare. It premiered off-Broadway in early 1968. The music and lyrics are by Hal Hester and Danny Apolinar with the book adaptation by Donald Driver, who also directed the original production. The show was a success, running for 937 performances Off-Broadway and then touring and playing in London and Australia.", "Addams Family Values is a 1993 American dark comedy film , which is the sequel to the 1991 American film The Addams Family . It was written by Paul Rudnick and directed by Barry Sonnenfeld , and features many cast members from the original , including Raúl Juliá , Anjelica Huston , Christopher Lloyd , Carel Struycken , Jimmy Workman , Christina Ricci , Joan Cusack , David Krumholtz , and Christopher Hart . Included in the musical soundtrack is `` Supernatural Thing '' ( composed by Haras Fyre ) which was a chart success for the late Ben E. King . Compared to Addams Family Values ' predecessor , which retained something of the madcap approach of the 1960s sitcom , Values is played more for macabre laughs ." ]

[ "charles addams", "christopher lloyd", "coen brothers", "jeffrey price", "john huston", "mark frost", "paul rudnick", "robert zemeckis", "will smith", "william shakespeare" ]

[ "Charlottesville, colloquially C'ville or Hooville and formally the City of Charlottesville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of 2015, the population was 48,210. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. Charlottesville has eighteen distinctive neighborhoods. It is named after the British Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with the County of Albemarle for statistical purposes, bringing its steadily growing population to approximately 150,000. Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area, which includes Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene and Nelson counties.", "Bella Morte is a gothic band that was formed in 1996 in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. They incorporate elements of metal, dark wave, deathrock, alternative and synthpop. The band's name means \"beautiful death\" in Italian. According to Andy Deane, the name was chosen to \"suggest that beauty can be found in tragedy\", which is a theme occurring in every Bella Morte album.", "Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1993, Metropolis Records has developed a strong reputation over the years as a leader in various genres of underground music. Though widely known for electro-industrial, synthpop, future pop, darkwave, and gothic music, the label has always operated with a bent towards all genres of dark alternative music, be it electronics-based or post-punk.", "Bleed the Grey Sky Black is Bella Morte 's fourth release on Metropolis Records . It reached # 1 on Metropolis ' pre-order sales in September 2006 .", "Dark wave or darkwave is a musical term used for dark, usually gothic rock-influenced music that incorporates synthesizers, or elements of new wave and synthpop, although the term is also applied to post-punk bands that produce a dark atmosphere. The label began to appear in the late 1970s in German music media, coinciding with the popularity of new wave and post-punk. Building on those basic principles, dark wave is used to describe dark, introspective lyrics and an undertone of sorrow for some bands. In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose members were called \"wavers\" or \"dark wavers\".", "Synthpop (also known as \"technopop\"), a subgenre of new wave music first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the \"Krautrock\" of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s.", "Electro-industrial is a music genre drawing on EBM and post-industrial that developed in the mid-1980s. While EBM has a minimal structure and clean production, electro-industrial has a deep, complex and layered sound. The style was pioneered by Skinny Puppy, Front Line Assembly, and other groups, either from Canada or the Benelux. In the early 1990s, the style spawned the \"dark electro\" genre, and in the mid-/late-1990s, the \"aggrotech\" offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.", "Post-punk (originally \"new musick\") is a broad type of rock music that emerged from the punk movement of the 1970s, in which artists departed from punk rock's raw, accessible style to pursue a variety of avant-garde sensibilities. Attempting to break from rock tradition, post-punk artists experimented with sources such as electronic music, black dance music and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists incorporated ideas from sources such as modernist literature, critical theory, cinema, and performance art. Accompanying these musical developments were communities that produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines in conjunction with the music.", "Deathrock is a subgenre of punk rock incorporating horror elements and spooky atmospherics, that emerged on the West Coast of the United States in the early 1980s." ]

[ "album", "area", "assembly", "band", "building", "cinema", "city", "complex", "dance", "death", "electronics", "independent city", "intersection", "label", "line", "literature", "lyrics", "metropolis", "metropolitan area", "music", "music genre", "name", "new wave", "part", "performance", "population", "production", "queen", "rock", "saw", "sound", "structure", "style", "subculture", "technology", "term", "tragedy", "ville", "wave" ]

[ "Lebanon , officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.", "A record label or record company is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Often, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists (\"artists and repertoire\" or \"A&R\"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term \"record label\" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.", "Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (\"\"), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria's capital and largest city is Damascus.", "Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas (\"\" ), is a country in southeastern Europe. \nGreece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.", "Vertigo Records is a record company which originated in the UK. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today it is operated by Universal Music UK.", "Libya (\"\") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.", "Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is (\"Symprotévousa\"), literally \"the co-capital\", a reference to its historical status as the (\"Symvasilévousa\") or \"co-reigning\" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.", "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "Progressive rock (shortened as \"prog\"; sometimes \"art rock\", \"classical rock\" or \"symphonic rock\") is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Initially termed \"progressive pop\", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk or classical music. Additional elements contributed to its \"progressive\" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of \"art\", and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.", "Christopher Franke (born 6 April 1953, Berlin) is a German musician and composer. From 1971 to 1987 he was a member of the electronic group Tangerine Dream. Initially a drummer with The Agitation, later renamed Agitation Free, his primary focus eventually shifted to keyboards and synthesizers as the group moved away from its psychedelic rock origins. While he was not the first musician to use an analog sequencer, he was probably the first to turn it into a live performance instrument, thus laying the rhythmic foundation for classic Tangerine Dream pieces and indeed for the whole Berlin school sound.", "Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.", "Malesch is an album by German rock group Agitation Free . It was released in 1972 on the Music Factory label , and later on the Vertigo Records label . It was reissued on CD in 1992 by the Spalax label and in 2001 by the Garden of delights label and again in 2008 by Revisited Records . The album was inspired by the group 's travels through Egypt , Greece , and Cyprus .", "Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.", "Agitation Free is a German experimental krautrock band, formed in 1967 by Michael \"Fame\" Günther (bass guitar), Lutz \"Lüül\" Ulbrich (guitar), Lutz Ludwig Kramer (guitar) and Christopher Franke (drums). They were initially called Agitation, a name they chose at random from a dictionary. The band had to change the name because another band with the same name already existed. Agitation Free was chosen based on a poster for a free show played in the early 1970s saying \"Agitation Free\" (meaning \"free concert\").", "Sudan (\"as-Sdn\", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan (\"Jumhriyyat as-Sdn\"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.", "Egypt (; ', , \"Kimi\"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.", "Krautrock (sometimes called \"kosmische Musik\") is a broad genre of experimental rock that developed in Germany in the late 1960s. The term \"krautrock\" was originated by English-speaking music journalists as a humorous name for a diverse range of German bands whose music drew from sources such as psychedelic rock, avant-garde electronic music, funk, minimalism, jazz improvisation, and world music styles. Largely divorced from the traditional blues and rock and roll influences of British and American rock music up to that time, the period contributed to the evolution of electronic music and ambient music as well as the birth of post-punk, alternative rock and new-age music. Important acts of the scene include Can, Kraftwerk, Neu!, Ash Ra Tempel, Tangerine Dream, and Faust.", "Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre." ]

[ "art", "art rock", "blues", "concert", "country", "democracy", "dictionary", "genre", "government", "history", "information", "jazz", "krautrock", "marketing", "music", "musical", "persian", "poster", "progressive rock", "psychedelic rock", "reference", "rock", "share", "study", "symphonic rock", "various", "war", "western" ]

[ "The French presidential election of 1981 took place on 10 May 1981 , giving the presidency of France to François Mitterrand , the first Socialist president of the Fifth Republic . In the first round of voting on 26 April 1981 , a political spectrum of ten candidates stood for election , and the leading two candidates -- Mitterrand and Valéry Giscard d'Estaing -- advanced to a second round . Mitterrand and his Socialist Party received 51.76 % of the vote , while Giscard and his Union for French Democracy trailed with about 48.24 % , a margin of 1,065,956 votes . The Socialist Party 's electoral program was called 110 Propositions for France . Mitterrand served as President of France for the full seven - year term ( 1981 -- 1988 ) and won re-election in 1988 .", "François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 8 January 1996) was a French politician who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president. As leader of the Socialist Party, he was the first figure from the left elected president under the Fifth Republic.", "The President of the French Republic, is the executive head of state of the French Fifth Republic. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the first minister and cabinets has over time differed with the various French constitutions." ]

[ "president", "president of the french republic" ]

[ "A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.", "A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game. The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) governs the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships. The World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) regulates rules of play in more than 110 countries, including the United States and Canada; before the WBSC was formed in 2013, the International Softball Federation filled this role. Women's fastpitch softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996, but it (and baseball) were dropped from the 2012 Games; they will be reinstated for the 2020 Games.", "In baseball, the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher to begin each play, with the goal of retiring a batter, who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the pitcher is assigned the number 1. The pitcher is often considered the most important defensive player, and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum. There are many different types of pitchers, such as the starting pitcher, relief pitcher, middle reliever, lefty specialist, setup man, and closer.", "In baseball, a stolen base occurs when a runner advances to a base to which he is not entitled and the official scorer rules that the advance should be credited to the action of the runner. The umpires determine whether the runner is safe or out at the next base, but the official scorer rules on the question of credit or blame for the advance under Rule 10.", "The Chicago White Sox is an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. The White Sox play their home games at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on the city's South Side. They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago; the other is the Chicago Cubs, who are a member of the National League (NL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Jerry Reinsdorf.", "The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to major league status. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season, 25 years after the formation of the National League (the \"Senior Circuit\").", "At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league leaders of various statistical categories are announced. Leading the league in a particular category is referred to as a \"title\".", "Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding.", "Luis Ernesto Aparicio Montiel (born April 29, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Louie\", was the first Venezuelan professional baseball player to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1984. He was one of the most dominant shortstops of Major League Baseball (MLB) in his era. He played for the Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles, and Boston Red Sox, from 1956 through 1973. ", "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit, Michigan. The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Detroit in . They are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in the AL. The Tigers have won four World Series championships (1935, 1945, 1968, and 1984), 11 AL pennants (1907, 1908, 1909, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2006, and 2012), and four AL Central division championships (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014). The Tigers also won division titles in 1972, 1984 and 1987 while members of the AL East. The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit.", "Tyrus Raymond \"Ty\" Cobb (December 18, 1886 July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot, receiving 222 out of a possible 226 votes (98.2%); no other player received a higher percentage of votes until 1992. In 1999, editors at the \"Sporting News\" ranked Ty Cobb 3rd on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\".", "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The \"Red Sox\" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the \"Boston Red Stockings\", including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "George Washington Case ( November 11 , 1915 -- January 23 , 1989 ) was an American left and right fielder in Major League Baseball who played most of his career for the Washington Senators . Possibly the sport 's fastest player between the 1920s and 1950s , he is the only player to lead the major leagues in stolen bases five consecutive times ( from 1939 to 1943 ) , and his six overall league titles tied Ty Cobb 's American League record ; that mark was later broken by Luis Aparicio . His 349 career steals ranked ninth in AL history at the end of his career , and were the most by any player from 1930 to 1960 ; his 321 steals with the Senators were the third most in Washington history . Born in Trenton , New Jersey , Case attended the Peddie School in Hightstown and made his first appearance with the Senators in September 1937 , and in his 1938 rookie season batted .305 . In 1939 he batted .302 , led the Senators with 103 runs , and topped the league for the first time with 51 steals , also earning the first of four All - Star selections . In 1940 he posted career highs in runs ( 109 ) , hits ( 192 ) and runs batted in ( 56 ) while recording 35 steals . After having 33 stolen bases and leading the AL in assists in 1941 , he hit a career - high .320 in 1942 , again scoring over 100 runs with 44 steals . In 1943 he won his fifth straight title with 61 stolen bases , equalling the highest total in the major leagues between 1921 and 1961 ; he also led the AL with 102 runs , with a personal best of 36 doubles and a .294 average , as the Senators enjoyed their first winning season since 1936 , finishing second in the AL to the New York Yankees . 1944 saw him slip to a .250 average and only 63 runs , though he finished second to Snuffy Stirnweiss in the AL with 49 steals . 1945 saw him again finish second to Stirnweiss with 30 steals as he raised his average to .294 ; the Senators again finished second , only a game and a half behind the Detroit Tigers , and Case earned his last All - Star selection ( though the game was cancelled due to war restrictions ) and finished ninth in the MVP voting . In December 1945 , he was traded to the Cleveland Indians for Jeff Heath ; in 1946 he won his last stolen base title with 28 , though he only batted .225 with just 46 runs . During that season , new Indians owner Bill Veeck staged one of his famous promotions , matching Case against Jesse Owens in a 100 - yard race which Owens won . In March 1947 Case was traded back to the Senators , and after hitting for a .150 average in 36 games he retired due to spinal problems which had plagued him throughout his career . Over his 11 - year career he batted .282 with 785 runs , 21 home runs and 377 RBI in 1226 games played . His 321 steals with the Senators placed him behind only Clyde Milan ( 495 ) and Sam Rice ( 346 ) in Washington history . In retirement , Case opened a sporting goods store in Trenton , and also coached at Rutgers from 1950 to 1960 , winning the school 's only College World Series berth in his first year . He later coached for the expansion Senators from 1961 -- 63 , and for the Minnesota Twins ( the relocated original Senators ) in 1968 ; he also managed in the Pacific Coast League for two seasons in the 1960s . In 1969 he became a minor league instructor for the Yankees , and later had the same position with the Seattle Mariners . He died of emphysema at age 73 in Trenton .", "The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league. Founded on February 2, 1876, to replace the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, it is sometimes called the Senior Circuit, in contrast to MLB's other league, the American League, which was founded 25 years later. Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series. After the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016. The 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs.", "The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League (AL) East division. One of the AL's eight charter franchises when the league was established in 1901 with President Ban Johnson, this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns. After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by Baltimore business interests led by Clarence Miles. The franchise officially moved to Baltimore for the 1954 season and adopted the historic \"Orioles\" name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland. The Orioles name had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore, including the franchise that would eventually become the New York Yankees. Nicknames for the team include the \"O's\" and the \"Birds\"." ]

[ "baseball player", "canada", "game", "major", "member", "president", "professional baseball player", "relief pitcher", "runner" ]

[ "Biffy Clyro are a Scottish rock band that formed in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, composed of Simon Neil (guitar, lead vocals), James Johnston (bass, vocals) and Ben Johnston (drums, vocals). Currently signed to 14th Floor Records, they have released seven studio albums, four of which (\"Puzzle\", \"Only Revolutions\", \"Opposites\" and \"Ellipsis)\" reached the top five in the UK Albums Chart, with their sixth studio album, \"Opposites\" claiming their first UK number-one album. After their first three albums, the band expanded their following significantly in 2007 with the release of their fourth, \"Puzzle\", creating more mainstream songs with simpler rhythms and distancing themselves from the more unusual dissonant style that was present in their previous three albums. \"Puzzle\" peaked at number 2 on the official UK album charts on 16 June 2007. The album went Gold in the UK, selling over 100,000 units, and later in 2012 went Platinum in the UK, having sold over 300,000 copies.", "The UK Albums Chart (currently called the Official Albums Chart) is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and (from March 2015) audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on Fridays (previously Sundays). It is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 (top 5) and published in \"Music Week\" magazine (top 75), and on the OCC website (top 100).", "Ayr (\"Mouth of the River Ayr\") is a large town and former Royal Burgh situated on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland, United Kingdom. It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire Council area and historical county town of Ayrshire. Ayr is currently the most populated settlement in Ayrshire and is the 12th most populous settlement in Scotland. Ayr adjoins the smaller town of Prestwick to the north, forming a single continuous urban area with the town.", "14th Floor Records is a British subsidiarity record label of Warner Music UK, founded in 2002 by part owner Christian Tattersfield. The label has released albums by artists including: Biffy Clyro, Damien Rice, David Gray, Longview, Mark Joseph, Nerina Pallot, Ray LaMontagne and The Wombats.", "Puzzle is the fourth studio album by Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro , released 4 June 2007 - the album was later released in America in August . It is the band 's first album since leaving Beggars Banquet ( though the sleeve artwork still features the Beggars Banquet logo ) . The album reached # 2 in the UK Albums Chart to widespread critical acclaim , receiving several perfect ratings and was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang ! and Rock Sound . The album also reached # 17 in Ireland , and # 39 in the overall world charts . The album is certified Platinum in the UK , having sold over 300,000 copies . It has as of February 2009 , sold over 300,000 worldwide . This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work , while still retaining some more unusual elements ." ]

[ "14th floor records", "album", "bbc", "digital", "record", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas.\" It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.", "M.E.Ch.A. (Spanish: Movimiento Estudiantil Chicanx de Aztlán; \"Chicanx Student Movement of Aztlán\", the x being a gender neutral inflection) is an organization that seeks to promote Chicano unity and empowerment through political action. The acronym of the organization's name is the Chicano word \"mecha\", which is the Chicano pronunciation of the English word, \"match\" and therefore symbolic of a fire or spark; \"mecha\" in Spanish means fuse or wick. The motto of MEChA is 'La Union Hace La Fuerza", "In the United States, Gamera attained prominence during the 1970s due to the burgeoning popularity of UHF television stations featuring Saturday afternoon matinee showcases like \"Creature Double Feature\" and later in the 1990s when several \"Gamera\" films were featured on the TV show \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\".", "Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog is an Irish / American fantasy - adventure television series set in a fantasy version of ancient Ireland , created by Saban Entertainment . It was loosely based on actual Irish mythology . The name derives from Tír na nÓg , one of the Otherworlds of Irish mythology . It was Saban 's first fantasy series to involve knights , dragons , and wizards . It aired on the Fox Kids block on Fox from September 1 , 1998 and ending on May 7 , 1999 . A second season entitled Mystic Knights : Battle Thunder was planned , but was later cancelled , and its budget was put towards Power Rangers Lost Galaxy . The resulting series was an attempt in doing an original non-Japanese special - effects series rather than adapting from actual Japanese tokusatsu .", "The Fenian Cycle or the, also referred to as the Ossianic Cycle after its narrator Oisín, is a body of prose and verse centring on the exploits of the mythical hero Fionn mac Cumhaill (Old, Middle, Modern Irish: Find, Finn, Fionn) and his warriors the Fianna. It is one of the four major cycles of Irish mythology along with the Mythological Cycle, the Ulster Cycle, and the Historical Cycle. Put in chronological order, the Fenian cycle is the third cycle, between the Ulster and Historical cycles. The cycle also contains stories about other famous Fianna members, including Diarmuid, Caílte, Oisín's son Oscar, and Fionn's enemy, Goll mac Morna.", "The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity. However, much of it was preserved in medieval Irish literature, though it was shorn of its religious meanings. This literature represents the most extensive and best preserved of all the branches of Celtic mythology. Although many of the manuscripts have not survived and much more material was probably never committed to writing, there is enough remaining to enable the identification of distinct, if overlapping, cycles: the Mythological Cycle, the Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle and the Historical Cycle. There are also a number of extant mythological texts that do not fit into any of the cycles. Additionally, there are a large number of recorded folk tales that, while not strictly mythological, feature personages from one or more of these four cycles.", "\"Tokusatsu\" entertainment often deals with science fiction, fantasy or horror, but movies and television shows in other genres can sometimes count as \"tokusatsu\" as well. The most popular types of \"tokusatsu\" include \"kaiju\" monster movies like the \"Godzilla\" and \"Gamera\" film series; superhero TV serials such as the \"Kamen Rider\" and \"Metal Hero\"; and mecha series like \"Giant Robo\". Some \"tokusatsu\" television programs combine several of these subgenres, for example the \"Ultraman\" and \"Super Sentai\" series.", "Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see \"literary\" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.", "Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction.", "The Mythological Cycle is a conventional division within Irish mythology,\nconcerning a set of tales about the godlike peoples said to have arrived in five migratory invasions into Ireland and principally recounting the doings of the Tuatha Dé Danann.\nIt is one of the four major cycles of early Irish literary tradition, the others being the Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle and the Cycles of the Kings.", "The is the name given to the long-running Japanese superhero team franchise of TV series produced by Toei Co., Ltd., Toei Agency and Bandai, and aired by TV Asahi (\"\"Sentai\"\" is the Japanese word for \"task force\" or \"fighting squadron\"). The shows are of the tokusatsu genre, featuring live action characters and colorful special effects, and are aimed at children. The Super Sentai Series is one of the most prominent tokusatsu franchises in Japan, alongside the Ultra Series and the Kamen Rider Series, which it currently airs alongside in the \"Super Hero Time\" programming block on Sundays. Outside Japan, the Super Sentai Series is best known as the source material for the \"Power Rangers\" franchise.", "The Fox Broadcasting Company (often shortened to/commonly referred to as Fox) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. The network is headquartered at the 20th Century Fox studio lot on Pico Boulevard in the Century City section of Los Angeles, with additional major offices and production facilities at the Fox Television Center in nearby West Los Angeles and the Fox Broadcasting Center in Yorkville, Manhattan, New York. It is the third largest major television network in the world based on total revenues, assets, and international coverage.", "Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live action superhero television series. Produced first by Saban Entertainment, later by BVS Entertainment, and by SCG Power Rangers, the television series takes much of its footage from the Japanese tokusatsu \"Super Sentai\", produced by Toei Company. The first \"Power Rangers\" entry, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line of action figures and other toys by Bandai. As of 2010, the media franchise has generated over $5 billion in retail sales worldwide.", "The supernatural (Medieval Latin: \"superntrlis\": \"supra\" \"above\" + \"naturalis\" \"natural\", first used: 15201530 AD) includes all that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other supernatural beings, or to things beyond nature.", "Ulster (or \"Cúige Uladh\" , Ulster Scots: \"Ulstèr\" or \"Ulster\") is a province in the north of the island of Ireland. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a \"rí ruirech\", or \"king of over-kings\".", "Haim Saban (born October 15, 1944) is an Egyptian-born Israeli-American media proprietor, investor, philanthropist, musician, record, film & television producer. A businessman with interests in financial services, entertainment, and media, and an estimated net worth of $3 billion, he is ranked by \"Forbes\" as the 143rd richest person in America. Saban is the founder of Saban Entertainment, producer and distributor of children's television programs in the US such as \"Power Rangers.\" He headed up consortiums which purchased the broadcasters ProSiebenSat.1 Media and Univision Communications. He is a major donor to the US Democratic Party and active in pro-Israel political efforts in the US.", "In Irish mythology and folklore, Tír na nÓg (\"Land of the Young\") or Tír na hÓige (\"Land of Youth\") is one of the names for the Otherworld, or perhaps for a part of it. It is depicted as a supernatural realm of everlasting youth, beauty, health, abundance and joy. Its inhabitants are the Tuatha Dé Danann, the gods of pre-Christian Ireland. In the \"echtrae\" (adventure) and \"immram\" (voyage) tales, various Irish mythical heroes visit Tír na nÓg after a voyage or an invitation from one of its residents. They reach it by entering ancient burial mounds or caves, or by going under water or across the sea.", "Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant \"speculative literature\".", "Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.", "Power Rangers Lost Galaxy is an American television series and the seventh season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \"Seijuu Sentai Gingaman\". The series was the first to follow the Sentai tradition of a new cast with each new series.", "This series is not to be confused with the one-time villainous but humorous Sentai from \"Chikyu Sentai Fiveman\", the Ginga Sentai Gingaman.", "The Ulster Cycle, formerly known as the Red Branch Cycle, one of the four great cycles of Irish mythology, is a body of medieval Irish heroic legends and sagas of the traditional heroes of the Ulaid in what is now eastern Ulster and northern Leinster, particularly counties Armagh, Down and Louth, and taking place around or before the 1st century AD.", "Shuki Levy (born June 3, 1947) is an American music composer and executive producer. Levy's best known work is soundtrack compositions for children's television programs of the 1980s, such as \"Inspector Gadget\", \"The Mysterious Cities of Gold\", \"M.A.S.K.\", \"Dinosaucers\", \"Dragon Quest\", \"He-Man and the Masters of the Universe\", \"Eagle Riders\" (the third Western adaptation of \"Science Ninja Team Gatchaman\"), \"She-Ra\", and \"Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors\". In the 1990s, he became known chiefly for his work on the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, \"Masked Rider\", \"VR Troopers\", and \"Big Bad Beetleborgs\". He has also written and directed numerous episodes for some these television shows, and directed a few movies, such as \"Eye of Doom\" (1987), \"Perfect Victims\" (1988), and \"Blind Vision\" (1991).", "Fox Kids (originally known as Fox Children's Network and later as the Fox Kids Network) was an American children's programming block and branding for a slate of international children's television channels. Originally a joint venture between the Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox) and its affiliated stations, it was later owned by Fox Kids Worldwide Inc. from 1996 to 2001, then by Fox Television Entertainment from 2001 onwards.", "Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.", "An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.", "Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths. Myths are the stories people tell to explain nature, history and customs.", "Saban Entertainment (along with Saban International, which operated outside the US) was a worldwide-served independent American-Israeli television production company formed in 1983 by music and television producers Haim Saban and Shuki Levy as \"Saban Productions\", a U.S. subsidiary of \"Saban International Paris\" (now SIP Animation).", "Although \"Ultraman\" is the first series to feature an Ultra-Crusader, it is actually the \"second\" show in the Ultra Series. \"Ultra Q\" was the first. In fact, \"Ultraman\" opens with the \"Ultra Q\" logo exploding into the \"Ultraman\" logo. \"Ultraman\", and its titular hero, became a major pop culture phenomenon in Japan, spawning dozens of sequels, spin-offs, imitators, parodies and remakes.", "An Echtra or Echtrae (pl. Echtrai) is one of a category of Old Irish literature about a hero's adventures in the Otherworld (see Tír na nÓg and Mag Mell); the otherworldly setting is the distinctive trait of these tales. More generally, \"echtra\" was the Old Irish word for \"adventure\", the Modern Irish word is \"eachtra\"." ]

[ "four", "fox broadcasting company", "fox kids", "fuse", "galaxy", "gold", "history", "one", "pop", "q", "science", "sub", "tv asahi", "univision communications" ]

[ "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "Peninsular Malaysia, also known as West Malaysia (formerly Malaya), is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands. Its area is . It shares a land border with Thailand in the north. To the south is the island of Singapore.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.", "Tawau (Jawi: ) formerly known as Tawao, is a town and administrative centre of Tawau Division, Sabah, Malaysia. It is the third-largest town in Sabah, after Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan. It is bordered by the Sulu Sea to the east, the Celebes Sea to the south at Cowie Bay and shares a border with North Kalimantan. The town had an estimated population of 113,809, while the whole municipality area had a population of 397,673.", "Maritime Southeast Asia is the maritime region of Southeast Asia as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia and comprises Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia. Maritime Southeast Asia is sometimes also referred to as \"island Southeast Asia\" or \"insular Southeast Asia\". The 19th-century term \"Malay Archipelago\" refers to a largely similar area. ", "Tanjung Piai is a cape in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and thus the most southern point of mainland Eurasia. The skyline of Singapore is visible across the Johor Strait from the point. It features seafood restaurants, perched on wooden jetties that are surrounded by a rugged and rarefied coastline of unspoiled mangrove forests.", "Putrajaya, officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya, is a planned city and the federal administrative centre of Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, because of overcrowding and congestion in the former. Kuala Lumpur remains Malaysia's national capital, and is the seat of the King and the Parliament, and is the country's commercial and financial centre. Putrajaya was the idea of former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad. It became Malaysia's third Federal Territory, after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, in 2001.", "Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, and often referred to as the \"Lion City\" or the \"Little Red Dot\", is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia, and the world's only island city-state. It lies one degree (137 km) north of the equator, south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south. Singapore's territory consists of a diamond-shaped main island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 km), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora, parks and gardens.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "North Borneo was a British protectorate located in the northern Borneo which was under the sovereign North Borneo Chartered Company from 1882 to 1941 . From 1942 to 1945 , North Borneo was occupied by Japanese military forces , before they were driven out by Australian troops . From 1946 to 1963 , North Borneo was turned into a Crown Colony of Great Britain , known as British North Borneo Crown . During the time also seven of the British - controlled islands in north - eastern Borneo named Turtle Islands together with Cagayan de Tawi - Tawi were ceded to the Philippine government under a past treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United States . Today , the former North Borneo is part of Malaysia as the state of Sabah , apart from the island group of Labuan which was separated from the rest in 1984 to form a Federal Territory , administered directly from the federal government .", "Kota Kinabalu (Jawi: ), formerly known as Jesselton, is the capital of the state of Sabah, Malaysia. It is also the capital of the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies to its west and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city its name, is located to its east. Kota Kinabalu has a population of 452,058 according to the 2010 census; when the adjacent Penampang and Putatan districts are included, the metro area has a combined population of 628,725.", "A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state. In exchange for this, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of their relationship. Therefore, a protectorate remains an autonomous part of a sovereign state. They are different from colonies as they have local rulers and people ruling over the territory and experience rare cases of immigration of settlers from the country it has suzerainty of. However, a state which remains under the protection of another state but still retains independence is known as a protected state and is different from protectorates.", "Mount Kinabalu is a mountain in Sabah, Malaysia. It is protected as Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site. Kinabalu is the highest peak in Borneo's Crocker Range and is the highest mountain in the Malay Archipelago as well as the highest mountain in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu is also the 20th most prominent mountain in the world by topographic prominence.", "Labuan (Jawi: ), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan, Jawi: ), is a federal territory of Malaysia. It is made up of the eponymous Labuan Island and six smaller islands, and is located off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria and is best known as an offshore financial centre offering international financial and business services via Labuan IBFC since 1990 as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby Bruneians and scuba divers. The name Labuan derives from the Malay word \"labuhan\" which means harbour. Labuan is often referred to as \"the pearl of Borneo\".", "Borneo is the third-largest island in the world and the largest island in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra.", "Sandakan (Jawi: ) formerly known at various times as Elopura, is the second-largest town in Sabah after Kota Kinabalu City, on the north-eastern coast of Borneo in Malaysia. It is located on the east coast of the island in the administrative centre of Sandakan Division and was the former capital of British North Borneo. The town has an estimated population of 157,330 while the surrounding municipal area has a total population of 396,290.", "Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ; Sundanese: ) is an island of Indonesia. With a population of over 141 million (the island itself) or 145 million (the administrative region) Census released in December 2015, Java is home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the most populous island on Earth. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally.", "A mountain range (also mountain barrier, belt, or system) is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains. A mountain system or system of mountain ranges, sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically (regionally) related. On Earth, most significant mountain ranges are the result of plate tectonics, though mountain ranges are formed by a range of processes, are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.", "Sarawak is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo (Sabah being the other state). This territory has a certain level of autonomy in administration, immigration, and judiciary. Sarawak is in northwest Borneo, bordering the state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of Borneo, to the south, and the independent state of Brunei in the northwest. The capital city, Kuching, is the economic centre of the state and the seat of the Sarawak state government. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu. As of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the total population of Sarawak is 2,636,000. Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia; Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the Balui River. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak.", "Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.", "Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.", "International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based legal systems in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. National law may become international law when treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts.", "Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes (or ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. Within Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger populations.", "Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50, is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number of protons. It has two main allotropes: at room temperature, the stable allotrope is -tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey -tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air.", "Kuala Lumpur (or ), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city. The city covers an area of and has an estimated population of 1.7 million . Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million people . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia, in terms of population and economy.", "Thailand (or ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok.", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Sabah, nicknamed \"Negeri Di Bawah Bayu\" (\"Land Below the Wind\"), is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo (Sarawak being the other state). This territory has a certain level of autonomy in administration, immigration, and judiciary which differentiates it from the Malaysian Peninsula states. Sabah is situated in northern Borneo, bordering the state of Sarawak to the southwest, Kalimantan to the south, while separated by sea from the Federal Territory of Labuan in the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the capital city as well the economic centre for the state and the seat for the Sabah state government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. As of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the state's population is 3,543,500. Sabah has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. The state has a long mountain ranges in the west side which formed as part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River is the second longest river in Malaysia while Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well for Malaysia.", "Sumatra is a large island in western Indonesia that is part of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island that is entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are shared between Indonesia and other countries) and the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km (including adjacent islands such as the Riau Islands and Bangka Belitung Islands)." ]

[ "bangkok", "chongqing", "city", "geneva", "guangzhou", "jakarta", "kota kinabalu", "kuala lumpur", "most", "singapore", "sumatra", "tanjung", "victoria" ]

[ "Commander (French: \"Commandeur\") is a common naval and air force officer rank. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organisations, including several police forces. ", "The President of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force.", "The King's African Rifles (KAR) was a multi-battalion British colonial regiment raised from Britain's various possessions in British East Africa in the present-day African Great Lakes region from 1902 until independence in the 1960s. It performed both military and internal security functions within the colonial territory, and later served outside these territories during the World Wars. The rank and file (askaris) were drawn from native inhabitants, while most of the officers were seconded from the British Army. When the KAR was first raised there were some Sudanese officers in the battalions raised in Uganda, and native officers were commissioned towards the end of British colonial rule.", "Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicators, Major is one rank senior to that of an army Captain, and one rank subordinate or below the rank of Lieutenant colonel. It is considered the most junior of the field officer ranks.", "Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga ( 5 November 1914 -- 20 April 1991 ) was the first Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Kampala from 1966 to 1990 and a cardinal from 1976 until his death . He was an opponent of human rights abuses of the military dictatorship of Idi Amin . During Amin 's rule Cardinal Nsubuga spoke against the Government 's human rights abuses . He also encouraged priests and nuns throughout the country to shelter people fleeing harassment by the army during the civil war that later raged during the Government of Milton Obote . He was succeeded in 1990 as Archbishop of Kampala by Cardinal Emmanuel Wamala .", "Uganda (or ), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "Idi Amin Dada (2816 August 2003) was the third president of Uganda, ruling from 1971 to 1979. Amin in 1946 joined the King's African Rifles, a British colonial regiment, serving in Kenya and Uganda. Eventually, Amin held the rank of major general in the post-colonial Uganda People's Defense Force and became its commander before seizing power in the military coup of January 1971 that deposed Milton Obote. While he was head of state, he promoted himself to field marshal.", "Apollo Milton Obote (28 December 1925 10 October 2005) was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda to independence in 1962 from British colonial administration. Following the nation's independence, he served as Prime Minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and President of Uganda from 1966 to 1971, then again from 1980 to 1985. He was overthrown by Idi Amin in 1971, but regained power after Amin's 1979 overthrow. His second period of rule was marred by repression and the deaths of many civilians as a result of a civil war known as the Ugandan Bush War." ]

[ "africa", "democratic republic of the congo", "independence", "kenya", "king", "milton", "most", "naval", "of", "republic", "rwanda", "south sudan", "uganda" ]

[ "Shura Taft is an English-born Australian television and radio presenter, based in Melbourne. \nTelevision roles.\nShura was the co-host of the children's television show \"Kids' WB\" from 2006 until 2011 on the Nine Network. He also hosted the children's game show \"Pyramid\" from 2009 to 2012. ", "Sony Pictures Television (abbreviated as SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio. Based in Culver City, California, it is a division of Sony Pictures and a unit of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Pyramid is an Australian children 's quiz show screening on the Nine Network hosted by Shura Taft . It is co-produced by Sony Pictures Television ( the owner of the franchise ) and Sydney - based SLR Productions . It began broadcasting on 1 September 2009 and is filmed in front of a live studio audience . It involves two teams competing in games of `` vocal charades '' . The show is based on the 1979 United States game show The Junior Partner Pyramid , a children 's variant of the Sony Pictures Television Pyramid franchise . In 2013 , the series moved to GO ! with a new host , Graham Matters , and a strong focus on education and interactive media , with the release of the Pyramid Digital App.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. " ]

[ "english", "japanese", "russia" ]

[ "\"Final Fantasy Tactics\" is set in a fictional medieval-inspired kingdom called Ivalice created by Yasumi Matsuno. The game's story follows Ramza Beoulve, a highborn cadet who finds himself thrust into the middle of an intricate military conflict known as The Lion War, where two opposing noble factions are coveting the throne of the kingdom. As the story progresses, Ramza and his allies discover a sinister plot behind the war.", "Final Fantasy Tactics Advance ( Fainaru Fantaj Takutikusu Adobansu ) is a tactical role - playing game developed and published by Square ( now Square Enix ) for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance . A spin - off of the popular Final Fantasy series , the game shares several traits with 1997 's Final Fantasy Tactics , although it is not a direct sequel . The player assembles a clan of characters , and controls their actions over grid - like battlefields . Players are mostly free to decide the classes , abilities , and statistics of their characters . The game 's story centers on four children ; Marche , Mewt , Ritz , and Doned , who live in a small town named St. Ivalice . The children are transported to a realm of the same name as their town , `` Ivalice '' , after discovering an ancient magical book . The story then focuses on the exploits of Marche as he attempts to return to the real world while facing opposition from those around him . Tactics Advance is one of the initial products from the cooperation of Square and Nintendo made for the Game Boy Advance console ; it was developed by the team brought over from the game company Quest Corporation . Following its release , Tactics Advance - themed merchandise was introduced . The game was positively received . It has a sequel , Final Fantasy Tactics A2 : Grimoire of the Rift for the Nintendo DS. Tactics Advance was re-released for the Nintendo Wii U Virtual Console on January 28 , 2016 for Europe / Australia & North America . It is currently not yet available for Japan .", "Though described often as a world, this was only physically true of Ivalice in \"Final Fantasy Tactics Advance\", in which Ivalice was created parallel to the real world. The 'true' Ivalice, as witnessed in the remaining games, describes two distinct locations; a geographical region, and a smaller kingdom, both of which belong to a larger, unnamed world. Generally, however, the term Ivalice is also used to refer to the conceptual setting, rather as one might say the Medieval world of Europe and the Mediterranean.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries." ]

[ "europe", "yasumi matsuno" ]

[ "Roy Asberry Cooper III (born June 13, 1957) is an American politician who is the 75th and current Governor of North Carolina, since January 2017. Cooper had served as the Attorney General of North Carolina from 2001 to 2017 and was previously a member of the North Carolina State Senate. Cooper is a member of the North Carolina Democratic Party, and ran for Governor of North Carolina in the 2016 election against Republican incumbent Pat McCrory. On December 5, McCrory conceded the election, making Cooper the first challenger to defeat a sitting governor in North Carolina since 1850. Cooper took office as the 75th governor of North Carolina on January 1, 2017. A ceremonial inauguration was scheduled for January 7, 2017 but was postponed due to winter weather.", "A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).", "The North Carolina General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of North Carolina.", "The Governor of North Carolina is the head of the executive branch of North Carolina's state government and serves as commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The current governor is Roy Cooper who took office on January 1, 2017, with a ceremonial inauguration held on January 7, 2017.", "Col. Thomas Michael Holt ( July 15 , 1831 -- April 11 , 1896 ) was a prominent North Carolina industrialist who served as the 47th Governor of North Carolina from 1891 to 1893 . Formerly a North Carolina State Senator and Speaker of the House of the North Carolina General Assembly , Holt was instrumental in the founding of North Carolina State University , as well as in establishing several railroads within the state and the state 's department of agriculture . Holt was also responsible for the technology behind the family 's Holt Mills ' Alamance Plaids , ' the first colored cotton goods produced in the South -- a development that revolutionized the Southern textile industry . He was born in Alamance County , North Carolina , July 15 , 1831 . Thomas Michael Holt was a descendant of Michael Holt or Holdt , one of the earliest settlers of the Germanna Colony in Virginia in the early 18th century . Holt studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for one year before briefly moving to work in a Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , dry goods store . In 1858 , Thomas and his father , Edwin Michael Holt , acquired Benjamin Trollinger 's bankrupt textile - manufacturing mill later known as the `` Granite Mill , '' ( located in Haw River , North Carolina ) . In 1861 , Thomas acquired his father 's interest in the mill and moved to Haw River to oversee the mill 's operations . ( Edwin Michael Holt had formerly manufactured the so - called Alamance Plaids , the first cotton goods produced in the South on power looms . Edwin M. Holt established his Alamance Cotton Mill in 1837 , thus beginning the Southern textile industry . ) In 1868 , Thomas 's brother - in - law , Adolphus `` Dolph '' Moore , became business partners with Thomas and the operation was renamed Holt & Moore . In 1876 , Moore was murdered , and the mills were consolidated as the Thomas M. Holt Manufacturing Company . ( Other members of the Holt family were operating the Haw River Mills , Glencoe Mills , Carolina Mill , Lafayette Mill , the Pilot Mill of Raleigh , and others in their expanding family empire . ) After Thomas 's death in 1896 , his son , Thomas Jr. , took over operations of the mills and expanded them . In 1900 , the mills were organized by a local labor union , which sponsored a strike that was eventually broken by lockouts and mill housing evictions by the mill management . Thomas 's party affiliation was Democratic , and he served as a local magistrate , a county commissioner , as a member of North Carolina 's state senate ( 24th District ) in 1876 , as a member of North Carolina 's state house of representatives from Alamance County , 1883 -- 1887 , as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina , 1889 -- 1891 , and upon the death of Governor ( Daniel G. Fowle ) , as 47th Governor of North Carolina , 1891 - 1893 . As Governor , he was actively involved in establishing a new system of county government , in the construction of the Western North Carolina Railroad and the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway as well as the North Carolina Railroad , which Holt served as president , as well as in increasing the funding for public schools , the University , and the state hospitals . He pushed for the establishment of an institution for the deaf at Morganton . An outstanding accomplishment was his getting the holders of bonds for the North Carolina Railroad to release the State from the lien on the State 's shares . This saved the State money as the property was valued at more than $ 5 million . The Holt family had long ties to the railroad company , and these were undoubtedly useful in Holt 's striking a deal with the bondholders . Following his service as Governor , Holt sat on the boards of both the University of North Carolina and Davidson College . Holt was aided in the burgeoning Holt family mill empire by his brother - in - law , James Nathaniel Williamson , who had married Thomas Michael Holt 's sister Mary . The Holt family eventually became the largest textile barons in the state , running scores of different mills , under various names , and as various Holt heirs and their in - laws broke off from the main enterprise and founded their own companies . Ultimately , however , the Holt mills were sold by the family and became the backbone of the emerging Burlington Mills ( later Burlington Industries , overseen by rival industrialist Spencer Love . Thomas Holt died April 11 , 1896 and is buried at Linwood Cemetery in Graham , Alamance County , North Carolina ." ]

[ "democratic party", "military", "north carolina democratic party", "union" ]

[ "The banjo is a four-, five- or six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head. The membrane, or head, is typically made of plastic, although animal skin is still occasionally but rarely used, and the frame is typically circular. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by Africans in America, adapted from African instruments of similar design.", "Lute can refer generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the HornbostelSachs system), more specifically to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back, or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes.", "HornbostelSachs or SachsHornbostel is a system of musical instrument classification devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, and first published in the \"Zeitschrift für Ethnologie\" in 1914. An English translation was published in the \"Galpin Society Journal\" in 1961. It is the most widely used system for classifying musical instruments by ethnomusicologists and organologists (people who study musical instruments). The system was updated in 2011 as part of the work of the Musical Instrument Museums Online (MIMO) Project.", "Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises which appear to be hairless.\nThe skin interfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense from external factors. For example, the skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D folates. Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue. This is sometimes discoloured and depigmented. The thickness of skin also varies from location to location on an organism. In humans for example, the skin located under the eyes and around the eyelids is the thinnest skin in the body at 0.5 mm thick, and is one of the first areas to show signs of aging such as \"crows feet\" and wrinkles. The skin on the palms and the soles of the feet is 4 mm thick and the back is 14 mm thick and is the thickest skin in the body. The speed and quality of wound healing in skin is promoted by the reception of estrogen.", "Early music is music, especially Western art music, composed prior to the Classical era. The term generally comprises Medieval music (5001400) and Renaissance music (14001600), but can also include Baroque music (16001760), and, according to some authorities such as Kennedy (who excludes Baroque), Ancient music (before 500 AD). According to the UK's National Centre for Early Music, the term \"early music\" refers to both a repertory (European music written between 1250 and 1750 embracing Medieval, Renaissance and the Baroque) and a historically informed approach to the performance of that music. However, today this term has come to include \"any music for which a historically appropriate style of performance must be reconstructed on the basis of surviving scores, treatises, instruments and other contemporary evidence.\"", "Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek (\"mousike\"; \"art of the Muses\"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as \"the harmony of the spheres\" and \"it is music to my ears\" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, \"There is no noise, only sound.\"", "Renaissance music is vocal and instrumental music written and performed in Europe during the Renaissance era. Consensus among music historians  with notable dissent has been to start the era around 1400, with the end of the medieval era, and to close it around 1600, with the beginning of the Baroque period, therefore commencing the musical Renaissance about a hundred years after the beginning of the Renaissance as it is understood in other disciplines. As in the other arts, the music of the period was significantly influenced by the developments which define the Early Modern period: the rise of humanistic thought; the recovery of the literary and artistic heritage of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome; increased innovation and discovery; the growth of commercial enterprises; the rise of a bourgeois class; and the Protestant Reformation. From this changing society emerged a common, unifying musical language, in particular the polyphonic style (this means music with multiple, independent melody lines performed simultaneously) of the Franco-Flemish school, whose greatest master was Josquin des Prez.", "James Tyler ( August 3 , 1940 Hartford , Connecticut , USA -- November 23 , 2010 Los Angeles , California , USA ) was an American lutenist , banjoist , guitarist , composer , musicologist and author , who featured on over sixty early music recordings . He was born in Hartford , Connecticut , and initially studied the banjo ( classic 5 - string and tenor ) and Mandolin with Walter K. Bauer , then the lute with Joseph Iadone - he also played the cello . As a lutenist , he performed and recorded with New York Pro Musica , and also toured and recorded as a banjoist with ' Max Morath and the Original Rag Quartet ' . In 1969 , his interest in early music took him to London where he married Joyce Geller . During the 1970s and 1980s , he performed and recorded in London with Anthony Rooley , Musica Reservata , the Consort of Musicke , the Julian Bream Consort and the Early Music Consort of London under David Munrow . He then founded his own ensemble , the ' London Early Music Group ' in 1977 , which lasted until 1990 . He composed music for BBC television productions of Shakespeare plays , and also made an appearance as a lutenist in the 1971 film , Mary Queen of Scots . In 1986 , he became professor of music and director of the master 's and doctoral degree programs in early music performance at the University of Southern California ( USC ) , a post he held until retiring in 2006 . Apart from the instruments mentioned , he was considered expert on the Renaissance and Baroque guitars . As a musicologist he travelled around Europe and the US researching and transcribing hundreds of early music works . He authored several books on early plucked instruments and their music ( see bibliography ) , and wrote articles for various publications . James Tyler died on November 23 , 2010 , after a short illness , aged 70 ." ]

[ "ancient greek", "english", "flemish", "greek", "latin" ]

[ "Hope Bay (Spanish: \"Bahía Esperanza\") on Trinity Peninsula, is long and wide, indenting the tip of Antarctic Peninsula and opening on Antarctic Sound. It is the site of the Argentinian Antarctic settlement Esperanza Base, established in 1952", "An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.", "Esperanza base (\"Hope Base\") is a permanent, all year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula (Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula). It is one of only two civilian settlements on Antarctica (the other being the Chilean Villa Las Estrellas). The Base's motto is \"Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio\" (\"Permanence, an act of sacrifice\").", "Devil Island is a 128 ha , ice - free island about 2 km long , in the James Ross Island group near the north - eastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula . It lies in a small cove 1 km north of Vega Island , east of the Trinity Peninsula . It is characterised by several low hills rising to a maximum height of about 150 m.", "James Ross Island is a large island off the southeast side and near the northeastern extremity of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Prince Gustav Channel. Rising to , it is irregularly shaped and extends in a northsouth direction. It was charted in October 1903 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld, who named it for Sir James Clark Ross, the leader of a British expedition to this area in 1842 that discovered and roughly charted a number of points along the eastern side of the island. The style, \"James\" Ross Island is used to avoid confusion with the more widely known Ross Island in McMurdo Sound.", "The Weddell Sea is part of the Southern Ocean and contains the Weddell Gyre. Its land boundaries are defined by the bay formed from the coasts of Coats Land and the Antarctic Peninsula. The easternmost point is Cape Norvegia at Princess Martha Coast, Queen Maud Land. To the east of Cape Norvegia is the King Haakon VII Sea. Much of the southern part of the sea is covered by a permanent, massive ice shelf field, the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (not pack ice). The sea is contained within the two overlapping Antarctic territorial claims of Argentina, (Argentine Antarctica) and Britain (British Antarctic Territory), and also resides partially within the territorial claim of Chile (Antarctic Chilean Territory). At its widest the sea is around across, and its area is around .\nVarious ice shelves, including the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, fringe the Weddell sea. Some of the ice shelves on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula, which formerly covered roughly of the Weddell Sea, had completely disappeared by 2002; see \"Antarctica\" at Retreat of glaciers since 1850. Whilst a dramatic event, the area that disappeared was far smaller than the total area of ice shelf that remains.", "Vega Island is a small island to the northwest of James Ross Island, on the Antarctic Peninsula.", "South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).", "Cape Adams is an abrupt rock scarp marking the south tip of Bowman Peninsula and forming the north side of the entrance to Gardner Inlet, on the east coast of Palmer Land in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 194748, under Ronne, and named by him for Lt. Charles J. Adams of the then USAAF, pilot with the expedition.", "Antarctica (US English , UK English or ) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At , it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.", "Tierra del Fuego (; Spanish for \"Land of Fire\") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, with an area of , and a group of many islands, including Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez Islands. Tierra del Fuego is divided between Chile and Argentina, with the latter controlling the eastern half of the main island and the former the western half plus the islands south of Beagle Channel. The southernmost extent of the archipelago is at about latitude 55 S.", "Cape Longing is a rocky cape on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, forming the south end of a large ice-covered promontory which marks the west side of the south entrance to Prince Gustav Channel. It was discovered by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld in 1902, and so named by him because from the position of his winter hut on Snow Hill Island the cape lay in the direction of his \"land of longing\" which he was anxious to explore.", "The Drake Passage or Mar de HocesSea of Hocesis the body of water between South America's Cape Horn and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It connects the southwestern part of the Atlantic Ocean (Scotia Sea) with the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean and extends into the Southern Ocean.", "An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than , thus also known as continental glacier. The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America.", "Trinity Peninsula is the northernmost part of the Antarctic Peninsula, It extends northeastward for about to Cape Dubouzet from an imaginary line connecting Cape Kjellman on the north-west coast and Cape Longing on the south-east coast. Prime Head is the northernmost point of this peninsula. Some 20 kilometers southeast of Prime Head is Hope Bay with the year-round Argentinian Esperanza Base.", "The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica, located at the base of the Southern Hemisphere. At the surface, it is the biggest, most prominent peninsula in Antarctica as it extends from a line between Cape Adams (Weddell Sea) and a point on the mainland south of Eklund Islands. Beneath the ice sheet which covers it, the Antarctic Peninsula consists of a string of bedrock islands; these are separated by deep channels whose bottoms lie at depths considerably below current sea level. They are joined together by a grounded ice sheet. Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of South America, lies only about away across the Drake Passage.", "Prime Head is a prominent snow-covered headland which forms the Northern extremity of Antarctic Peninsula. The name Siffrey was given to a cape in this vicinity by the French Antarctic Expedition under Capt. Jules Dumont d'Urville, 1837-40, and was previously approved for the feature here described. D'Urville's \"Cap Siffrey\" has since been identified by the UK-APC as a point two miles to the ESE, now called Siffrey Point. The name Prime Head, given by the UK-APC in 1963, alludes to the position of the headland as the first or northernmost feature of Antarctic Peninsula.", "The Eklund Islands are a group of islands which rise through the ice near the southwest end of George VI Sound towards the south of the Antarctic Peninsula." ]

[ "antarctic", "antarctica", "argentina", "australia", "brazil", "chile", "greenland", "philippines", "shetland" ]

[ "Research comprises \"creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.\" It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.", "A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Such films were originally shot on film stockthe only medium availablebut now include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made into a TV show, or released for screening in cinemas. \"Documentary\" has been described as a \"filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception\" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.", "A cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the chief over the camera crews working on a film, television production or other live action piece and is responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image. The study and practice of this field is referred to as cinematography.\nSome filmmakers say that the cinematographer is just the chief over the camera and lighting, and the director of photography is the chief over all the photography components of film, including framing, costumes, makeup, and lighting, as well as the assistant of the post producer for color correction and grading.", "Day of the Fight is a 1951 American short subject documentary film directed by Stanley Kubrick. Notable for being Kubrick's first directorial effort, Kubrick financed the film himself.", "Alexander Singer ( born 18 April 1928 , in New York City , New York ) is an American director . He began his career behind the camera in 1951 as a cinematographer on the short documentary Day of the Fight , directed by his high school friend , Stanley Kubrick . Singer himself turned to directing a decade later with the film , A Cold Wind in August . Although he would direct other feature films , such as the Lee Van Cleef western , Captain Apache ( 1971 ) , and Glass Houses ( 1972 ) , a film of the book which his wife , Judith Singer , wrote , the bulk of Singer 's credits are in television . The long list of series to which Singer has lent his directorial talents include Dr. Kildare , The F.B.I. , Mission : Impossible , Alias Smith and Jones , Nakia , Police Woman , MacGyver , six episodes of The Monkees , and three Star Trek series : The Next Generation , Deep Space Nine , and Voyager .", "A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land. Port locations are selected to optimize access to land and navigable water, for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind and waves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but can handle larger ships. Since ports throughout history handled every kind of traffic, support and storage facilities vary widely, may extend for miles, and dominate the local economy. Some ports have an important military role.", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.", "Headquarters (HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities. In the UK, the term head office is most commonly used for the HQs of large corporations. The term is also used regarding military organizations.", "The headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York City designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term \"Turtle Bay\" is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.", "Cinematography is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928  March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history. His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music." ]

[ "architect", "cinematographer", "commercial", "director", "documentary film", "fashion", "film director", "major", "marketing", "military", "official", "photography", "prior", "producer", "r", "research", "science", "student" ]