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you think you may have pneumonia, tell a parent or other adult and be sure you see a doctor. Be especially aware of your breathing; if you have chest pain or trouble breathing or if your lips or fingers look |
blue, you should go to a doctor's office or to a hospital emergency department right away. How Is Pneumonia Treated? If pneumonia is suspected, the doctor will perform a physical exam and might order a chest X-ray and blood tests. |
People with bacterial or atypical pneumonia will probably be given antibiotics to take at home. The doctor also will recommend getting lots of rest and drinking plenty of fluids. Some people with pneumonia need to be hospitalized to get better |
— usually babies, young kids, and people older than 65. However, hospital care may be needed for a teen who: already has immune system problems has cystic fibrosis is dangerously dehydrated or is vomiting a lot and can't keep fluids |
and medicine down has had pneumonia frequently has skin that's blue or pale in color, which reflects a lack of oxygen When pneumonia patients are hospitalized, treatment might include intravenous (IV) antibiotics (delivered through a needle inserted into a vein) |
and respiratory therapy (breathing treatments). Antiviral medications approved for adults and teens can reduce the severity of flu infections if taken in the first 1 to 2 days after symptoms begin. They're usually prescribed for teens who have certain underlying |
illnesses such as asthma or who have pneumonia or breathing difficulty. If you have been exposed to influenza and you begin to develop symptoms of pneumonia, call a doctor. If your doctor has prescribed medicine, be sure to follow the |
directions carefully. You may feel better in a room with a humidifier, which increases the moisture in the air and soothes irritated lungs. Make sure you drink plenty of fluids, especially if you have a fever. If you have a |
fever and feel uncomfortable, ask the doctor whether you can take over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to bring it down. But don't take any medicine without checking first with your doctor — a cough suppressant, for example, may |
not allow your lungs to clear themselves of mucus. And finally, be sure to rest. This is a good time to sleep, watch TV, read, and lay low. If you treat your body right, it will repair itself and you'll |
It's normal for parents to disagree and argue from time to time. Parents might disagree about money, home chores, or how to spend time. They might disagree about big things |
— like important decisions they need to make for the family. They might even disagree about little things that don't seem important at all — like what's for dinner or |
what time someone gets home. Sometimes parents can disagree with each other and still manage to talk about it in a calm way, where both people get a chance to |
listen and to talk. But many times when parents disagree, they argue. An argument is a fight using words. Most kids worry when their parents argue. Loud voices and angry |
words parents might use can make kids feel scared, sad, or upset. Even arguments that use silence — like when parents act angry and don't talk to each other at |
all — can be upsetting for kids. If the argument has anything to do with the kids, kids might think they have caused their parents to argue and fight. If |
kids think it's their fault, they might feel guilty or even more upset. But parents' behavior is never the fault of kids. What Does It Mean When Parents Fight? Kids |
often worry about what it means when parents fight. They might jump to conclusions and think arguments mean their parents don't love each other anymore. They might think it means |
their parents will get a divorce. But parents' arguments usually don't mean that they don't love each other or that they're getting a divorce. Most of the time the arguments |
are just a way to let off steam when parents have a bad day or feel stressed out over other things. Most people lose their cool now and then. Just |
like kids, when parents get upset they might cry, yell, or say things they don't really mean. Sometimes an argument might not mean anything except that one parent or both |
just lost their temper. Just like kids, parents might argue more if they're not feeling their best or are under a lot of stress from a job or other worries. |
Kids usually feel upset when they see or hear parents arguing. It's hard to hear the yelling and the unkind words. Seeing parents upset and out of control can make |
kids feel unprotected and scared. Kids might worry about one parent or the other during an argument. They might worry that one parent may feel especially sad or hurt because |
of being yelled at by the other parent. They might worry that one parent seems angry enough to lose control. They might worry that their parent might be angry with |
them, too, or that someone might get hurt. Sometimes parents' arguments make kids cry or give them a stomachache. Worry from arguments can even make it hard for a kid |
to go to sleep or go to school. What to Do When Parents Fight It's important to remember that the parents are arguing or fighting, not the kids. So the |
best thing to do is to stay out of the argument and go somewhere else in the house to get away from the fighting or arguing. So go to your |
room, close the door, find something else to do until it is over. It's not the kid's job to be a referee. When Parents' Fighting Goes Too Far When parents |
argue, there can be too much yelling and screaming, name calling, and too many unkind things said. Even though many parents may do this, it's never OK to treat people |
in your family with disrespect, use unkind words, or yell and scream at them. Sometimes parents' fighting may go too far, and include pushing and shoving, throwing things, or hitting. |
These things are never OK. When parents' fights get physical in these ways, the parents need to learn to get their anger under control. They might need the help of |
another adult to do this. Kids who live in families where the fighting goes too far can let someone know what's going on. Talking to other relatives, a teacher, a |
school counselor, or any adult you trust about the fighting can be important. Sometimes parents who fight can get so out of control that they hurt each other, and sometimes |
kids can get hurt, too. If this happens, kids can let an adult know, so that the family can be helped and protected from fighting in a way that hurts |
people. If fighting is out of control in a family, if people are getting hurt from fighting, or if people in the family are tired of too much fighting, there |
is help. Family counselors and therapists know how to help families work on problems, including fighting. They can help by teaching family members to listen to each other and talk |
about feelings without yelling and screaming. Though it may take some work, time, and practice, people in families can always learn to get along better. Is It OK for Parents |
to Argue Sometimes? Having arguments once in a while can be healthy if it helps people get feelings out in the open instead of bottling them up inside. It's important |
for people in a family to be able to tell each other how they feel and what they think, even when they disagree. The good news about disagreeing is that |
afterward people usually understand each other better and feel closer. Parents fight for different reasons. Maybe they had a bad day at work, or they're not feeling well, or they're |
really tired. Just like kids, when parents aren't feeling their best, they can get upset and might be more likely to argue. Most of the time, arguments are over quickly, |
parents apologize and make up, and everyone feels better again. Happy, Healthy Families No family is perfect. Even in the happiest home, problems pop up and people argue from time |
to time. Usually, the family members involved get what's bothering them out in the open and talk about it. Everyone feels better, and life can get back to normal. Being |
part of a family means everyone pitches in and tries to make life better for each other. Arguments happen and that's OK, but with love, understanding, and some work, families |
You Baby's Development After many weeks of anticipation and preparation, your baby is here! Or maybe not — only 5% of women deliver on their estimated due dates, and many first-time mothers find themselves waiting up to 2 weeks after |
their due date for their baby to arrive. A baby born at 40 weeks weighs, on average, about 7 pounds, 4 ounces (3,300 grams) and measures about 20 inches (51 cm). Don't expect your baby to look like the Gerber |
baby right off the bat — newborns often have heads temporarily misshapen from the birth canal and may be covered with vernix and blood. Your baby's skin may have skin discolorations, dry patches, and rashes — these many variations are |
completely normal. Because of the presence of your hormones in your baby's system, your baby's genitals (scrotum in boys and labia in girls) may appear enlarged. Your baby, whether a boy or a girl, may even secrete milk from the |
tiny nipples. This should disappear in a few days and is completely normal. Right after birth, your health care provider will suction mucus out of your baby's mouth and nose, and you'll hear that long-awaited first cry. Your baby may |
then be placed on your stomach, and the umbilical cord will be cut — often by the baby's dad, if he chooses to do the honors! A series of quick screening tests, such as the Apgar score, will be performed |
to assess your baby's responsiveness and vital signs, and he or she will be weighed and measured. If your pregnancy was high risk, or if a cesarean section was necessary, a neonatologist (a doctor who specializes in newborn intensive care) |
will be present at your delivery to take care of your baby right away. If your baby needs any special care to adjust to life outside the womb, it will be given — and then your newborn will be placed |
in your waiting arms. This week you'll experience the moment you've been anticipating — your introduction to your baby! Before you can meet your baby, though, you have to go through labor and delivery. You may have learned about the |
three stages of birth in your prenatal classes. The first stage of labor works to thin and stretch your cervix by contracting your uterus at regular intervals. The second stage of labor is when you push your baby into the |
vaginal canal and out of your body. The third and final stage of labor is when you deliver the placenta. If you don't go into labor within a week of your due date, your health care provider may recommend you |
receive a nonstress test, which monitors fetal heart rate and movement to be sure that the baby is receiving adequate oxygen and that the nervous system is responding. Talk to your health care provider to find out more about this |
test. Sometimes mother nature may need a little coaxing. If your labor isn't progressing, or if your health or your baby's health requires it, your health care provider may induce labor by artificially rupturing the membranes or by administering the |
hormone oxytocin or other medications. If your pregnancy is high risk, or if there are any other potential complications, you may require a cesarean section delivery. Some women know ahead of time that they will be delivering via cesarean section |
and are able to schedule their baby's "birth day" well in advance. If you're one of them, you've probably been able to prepare yourself emotionally and mentally for the birth — which can help to lessen the feelings of disappointment |
that many mothers who are unable to deliver vaginally experience. But even if you have to undergo a cesarean section that wasn't planned, rest assured that you'll still be able to bond with your baby. It might not be the |
What Is It? Fertility awareness is a way to prevent pregnancy by not having sex around the time of ovulation (the release of an egg during a girl's monthly cycle). Couples who do want to have a baby can also use this method to have sex during the time that |
they are most likely to conceive. Fertility awareness can include methods such as natural family planning, periodic abstinence, and the rhythm method. How Does It Work? If a couple doesn't have sex around the time of ovulation, the girl is less likely to get pregnant. The trick is knowing when |
ovulation happens. Couples use a calendar, a thermometer to measure body temperature, the thickness of cervical mucus, or a kit that tests for ovulation. The ovulation kits are more useful for couples who are trying to get pregnant. The fertile period around ovulation lasts 6 to 9 days and during |
this time the couple using only fertility awareness for birth control who does not want to get pregnant should not have sex. How Well Does It Work? Fertility awareness is not a reliable way to prevent pregnancy for most teens. Over the course of 1 year, as many as 25 |
out of 100 typical couples who rely on fertility awareness to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. Of course, this is an average figure, and the chance of getting pregnant depends on whether a couple uses one or more of the fertility awareness methods correctly and consistently and does |
not have unprotected sex during the fertile period. In general, how well each type of birth control method works depends on a lot of things. These include whether a person has any health conditions, is taking any medications that might interfere with its use, whether the method chosen is convenient |
— and whether it is used correctly all the time. In the case of fertility awareness, it also depends on how consistent a woman's ovulatory cycle is, how accurately a couple keeps track of when she could be ovulating, and how reliably unprotected sex is avoided during the fertile period. |
Protection Against STDs Abstinence (not having sex) is the only method that always prevents pregnancy and STDs. Who Uses It? Fertility awareness is not a reliable way to prevent pregnancy for most teens. It is often very difficult to tell when a girl is fertile. Because teens often have irregular |
menstrual cycles, it makes predicting ovulation much more difficult. Even people who have previously had regular cycles can have irregular timing of ovulation when factors such as stress or illness are involved. Fertility awareness also requires a commitment to monitoring body changes, keeping daily records, and above all not having |
sex during the fertile period. How Do You Get It? For couples interested in this method, it is best to talk to a doctor or counselor who is trained in fertility awareness. He or she can then teach the couple the skills they need to know to practice this birth |
control method accurately. How Much Does It Cost? The tools needed for fertility awareness — such as ovulation detection kits and thermometers, for example — are available in drugstores. But they can be expensive. Again, it's best to talk to a doctor for advice on using this method. Reviewed by: |
Larissa Hirsch, MD Date reviewed: April 2010 Share this page using: Note: All information on TeensHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. © 1995- The Nemours Foundation. All rights reserved. |
By Irene Klotz CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida (Reuters) - Despite searing daytime temperatures, Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, has ice and frozen organic materials inside permanently shadowed craters in its north pole, NASA scientists said on Thursday. Earth-based telescopes have been compiling evidence for ice on Mercury for 20 |
years, but the finding of organics was a surprise, say researchers with NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, the first probe to orbit Mercury. Both ice and organic materials, which are similar to tar or coal, were believed to have been delivered millions of years ago by comets and asteroids crashing into the |
planet. "It's not something we expected to see, but then of course you realize it kind of makes sense because we see this in other places," such as icy bodies in the outer solar system and in the nuclei of comets, planetary scientist David Paige, with the University of California, |
Los Angeles, told Reuters. Unlike NASA's Mars rover Curiosity, which will be sampling rocks and soils to look for organic materials directly, the MESSENGER probe bounces laser beams, counts particles, measures gamma rays and collects other data remotely from orbit. The discoveries of ice and organics, painstakingly pieced together for |
more than a year, are based on computer models, laboratory experiments and deduction, not direct analysis. "The explanation that seems to fit all the data is that it's organic material," said lead MESSENGER scientist Sean Solomon, with Columbia University in New York. Added Paige, "It's not just a crazy hypothesis. |
No one has got anything else that seems to fit all the observations better." Scientists believe the organic material, which is about twice as dark as most of Mercury's surface, was mixed in with comet- or asteroid-delivered ice eons ago. The ice vaporized, then re-solidified where it was colder, leaving |
dark deposits on the surface. Radar imagery shows the dark patches subside at the coldest parts of the crater, where ice can exist on the surface. The areas where the dark patches are seen are not cold enough for surface ice without the overlying layer of what is believed to |
be organics. So remote was the idea of organics on Mercury that MESSENGER got a relatively easy pass by NASA's planetary protection protocols that were established to minimize the chance of contaminating any indigenous life-potential material with hitchhiking microbes from Earth. Scientists don't believe Mercury is or was suitable for |
ancient life, but the discovery of organics on an inner planet of the solar system may shed light on how life got started on Earth and how life may evolve on planets beyond the solar system. "Finding a place in the inner solar system where some of these same ingredients |
that may have led to life on Earth are preserved for us is really exciting," Paige said. MESSENGER, which stands for Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging, is due to complete its two-year mission at Mercury in March. Scientists are seeking NASA funding to continue operations for at least |
part of a third year. The probe will remain in Mercury's orbit until the planet's gravity eventually causes it to crash onto the surface. Whether the discovery of organics now prompts NASA to select a crash zone rather than leave it up to chance remains to be seen. Microbes that |
may have hitched a ride on MESSENGER likely have been killed off by the harsh radiation environment at Mercury. The research is published in this week's edition of the journal Science. (Editing by Kevin Gray and Vicki Allen) |
What level of LabVIEW user are you—a developer, engineer, or architect? Is it even important? Absolutely. These categories make it easy for NI to tailor helpful resources to your individual needs. By visiting the LabVIEW Skills Guide, you can see what defines these levels and which trainings or guides we recommend each use to help them develop successful applications faster. |
Here are a few examples of skills you can learn from the latest guide: For Technicians or Basic Developers - Troubleshoot and debug LabVIEW code - Apply key LabVIEW elements for relating data (such as arrays, clusters, and typedefs) - Apply design patterns and templates For Software Engineers - Optimize reuse of existing code for your projects - Design, implement, |
document, and test code modules for each task - Derive a task list and high-level flowchart to guide design and development For Software Architects - Analyze, critique, and improve the architecture of a LabVIEW application - Optimize code and resources to effectively reduce development time and costs - Design an application using object-oriented design principles Best of all, many of |
This “The Best…” list is a companion to The Best Sites To Learn About The U.S. Financial Crisis. Those sites tried to explain how we got into this mess. The resources on this list share what is happening to us as a result. These sites try to give a picture |
of the recession’s effects throughout the world. These sites, all relatively accessible to English Language Learners, are divided into three sections. The first are some narrative reports on what is occurring. The second are interactive charts or graphs that show “the numbers.” The third are multimedia presentations giving a human |
face to the recession (of course, most of my students are experiencing that human face directly in their own lives). Here are my picks for The Best Sites To Learn About The Recession: Voice of America’s Special English has a report (with audio support for the text) titled Trying To |
Live With A Recession In The World’s Largest Economy. Breaking New English has a lesson (again, with audio support for the text) called Huge U.S. Job Losses Spark Recession Fears. ESL Podcast Blog has an engaging report on ways a recession affects society CBBC has a good report on the |
recession in the United Kingdom. CHARTS & GRAPHS: Where Does Your State Rank? is a map from CNN showing the recession’s effect across the United States. Layoffs Pile-Up is a graph from the Wall Street Journal showing what economic sectors are experiencing the worst job loss. USA Today has a |
very complete analysis on jobs loss and growth in the United States. The National Conference of State Legislatures also has an interactive map on the effects of the recession in all fifty states. These would require some teacher explanation, but are intriguing nevertheless. They’re are two infographics showing how the |
proposed economic stimulus would be used — one from the Washington Post and the other from Credit Loan. CNN has a new interactive on the compromise that the Senate and House just agreed to. The Obamameter is a regularly updated visual representation of different aspects of the U.S. economy. It |
would be accessible to Intermediate English Language Learners with some explanation. FinViz shows the stock market in a vivid color-code. The Economy Tracker from CNN shows the latest economic data on a map, and combines that with personal stories of those affected. The Geography Of A Recession comes from The |
New York Times and shows, in detail, unemployment rates throughout the United States. Maplibs has a color-coded world map that shows international financial centers. The key is the color — if it’s shown in red then it’s down, if it’s shown in green then it’s up. The Sacramento Bee has |
a scary map of unemployment in California. Economic Reality Check is from CNN and provide short facts about different aspects of the recession. The Sacramento Bee has just published an Income Gap Interactive Graphic. It’s based on Sacramento data, but I suspect the information is similar across the United States. |
It vividly, and in a way that’s accessible to English Language Learners, shows how long it takes for different people (by occupation, ethnicity, and educational background) to earn $100,000. MSNBC has developed what they call an Adversity Index. It’s an animated map that “measures the economic health of 381 metro |
areas and all 50 states.” It’s pretty intriguing, though would probably require some initial explanation before English Language Learners could fully decipher it. Right below the Adversity Map, you can also find a “Map:Recession-resistant areas” that highlights communities in the U.S. that have escaped the recession’s effects. The San Francisco |
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