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their group first before reaching a consensus on a particular answer choice. - The professor noticed that, although he had received only one response per question, it was more or less correct, although there was not a way for him to ascertain which of his students had provided the response, how the learning had occurred, and what the viewpoints of |
those who disagreed might be. - Teaching Tips for IEW 2010 provided by TESOL - Teaching Tips for IEW 2009 submitted by teachers throughout the Asia-Pacific region - Videos from the APEC-RELC International Language Seminar presentation "Creating Prosperity: Using the Internet to Revolutionize Language Learning" - New paths of communication through: - Technology providing access to content beyond books - |
Video from the APEC-RELC International Language Seminar presentation "Changes in Our Field: Where are We Going?" - E-Language Learning for Students - a collection of online language learning resources from various APEC members - Related Tips for Teaching 21st Century Workplace Skills More content from International Education Week 2010 |
Flipping the North Koreans off Not many people visit North korea these days but if you are one of the lucky few, more likely than not you will be led through an official guided tour of USS Pueblo – an |
American Intelligence vessel captured in 1968 – which remains the only American vessel currently in captivity. The seizure of USS Pueblo is now one of the forgotten episodes of the Cold War. The U.S. claimed it was in the international |
waters, while the D.P.R.K. insisted that it was in the North Korean waters. Diplomatic and military stand-off that followed was punctuated by a series of photos, films, and letters depicting the crew of the Pueblo enjoying their comfortable captivity. In |
reality, however, the crew was being subjected to psychical and psychological abuse. From behind the bars in one of the most isolated places on the planet, the crew nonetheless delivered a master class in political subversion. To undermine the credibility |
of the letters written home to suggest that they had willingly defected, the crew wrote about the events that never happened. In their press conferences, they used archaic words the Koreans didn’t perfectly understand. Since none of the Koreans knew |
English well enough to write the confession, the vessel’s commander wrote it himself. They checked the meaning of his words with a dictionary, but failed to catch the pun: “We paean the DPRK. We paean the Korean people. We paean |
their great leader Kim Il Sung”. (“Paean” is homophonic with “pee on”.) And almost by accident, they came across the idea behind their greatest coup: in two propaganda movies, the crew noticed people giving the finger were not censored. The |
crew deduced that the North Koreans didn’t know what the finger meant. In the subsequent propaganda photos of the crew, their middle fingers were firmly extended to the cameraman. When the North Koreans questioned, the crew described it as the |
“Hawaiian good luck sign.” The ruse went on unnoticed until October 1968, when Time magazine explained the mysterious gesture appearing in many photos as one of “obscene derisiveness and contempt.” This revelation infuriated the North Korean captors, bringing about a |
period of severe beatings and torture, and the propaganda letters, photos and videos stopped after this. Yet, it would take two more months for the U.S. to offer a perfunctory apology (retracted afterwards) to ensure the release of 82 crewmen. |
Diplomatic and morale victory hid the bitter reality that the loss of USS Pueblo was a significant blow to the intelligence services. It is now believed that the Soviets urged the North Koreans to seize the ship so that they |
can reverse engineer US equipment and codebooks. Time Magazine never responded to the repercussions that followed its very public explanation, which in its entirely is reproduced below. For more photos, check the link here. |
Education and health outcomes for social minorities in India: An analysis using SUR model AbstractThe current study analyzes the health and education outcomes of fifteen year old children in India and investigates the question of inequality of such outcomes for |
socio-religious categories. To study the effect of health on education, SUR estimation has been undertaken. The comparison of SUR and OLS results shows that SUR estimates have smaller standard errors than the OLS estimates. Of the three categories analyzed in |
the data, STs have worst outcomes for both education and health and SCs lag behind in the health field. The results have important implications for policy regarding education and health of the socio-religious minorities. Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading |
a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may |
be large. Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by Agricultural and Applied Economics Association in its series 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington with number 124840. Date of creation: 2012 Date of revision: Contact details of provider: Postal: 555 East Wells |
, or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.: - Sonalde Desai & Veena Kulkarni, 2008. "Changing educational inequalities in india |
in the context of affirmative action," Demography, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 245-270, May. - Vani Borooah & Sriya Iyer, 2005. "Vidya, Veda, and Varna: The influence of religion and caste on education in rural India," The Journal of Development Studies, |
Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 41(8), pages 1369-1404. - Vani K. Borooah & Sriya Iyer, 2002. "Vidya, Veda, and Varna: The Influence of Religion and Caste on Education in Rural India," ICER Working Papers 32-2002, ICER - International Centre for |
Economic Research. - Behrman, Jere R, 1996. "The Impact of Health and Nutrition on Education," World Bank Research Observer, World Bank Group, vol. 11(1), pages 23-37, February. - Dreze, Jean & Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi, 2001. "School Participation in Rural India," |
Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(1), pages 1-24, February. - Jean Drèze & Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, 1999. "School Participation in Rural India," STICERD - Development Economics Papers - From 2008 this series has been superseded by Economic Organisation |
and Public Policy Discussion Papers 18, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE. - Jean Dreze & Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, 1999. "School Participation in Rural India," Working papers 69, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of |
Economics. - Ashwini Deshpande, 2000. "Recasting Economic Inequality," Review of Social Economy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 58(3), pages 381-399. - Case, Anne & Fertig, Angela & Paxson, Christina, 2005. "The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstance," Journal of |
Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 365-389, March. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (AgEcon Search). If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with |
RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about. If references are entirely missing, you can |
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you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab |
Skip to Main Content Machine learning methods are known to be inefficient when faced with many features that are unnecessary for rule discovery. In coping with this issue, many methods |
have been proposed for selecting important features. Among them is feature selection that selects a subset of discriminative features or attribute for model building due to its ability to avoid |
overfitting issue, improve model performance, provide faster and producing reliable model. This paper proposes a new method based on rough set algorithms, which is a rule-based data mining method to |
select the important features in bioinformatics datasets. Amino acid compositions are used as conditional features for the classification task. However, our results indicate that all amino acid composition features are |
equally important thus selecting the features are unnecessary. We do confirm the need of having a balance classes in classifying the protein function by demonstrating an increase of more than |
Washington, DC. Public libraries have become essential points of access to the Internet and computers in local communities, with nearly every library in the country offering public internet access. Yet, individual library practices can have significant affect on the quality and character of this public service. Opportunity for All: How |
Library Policies and Practices Impact Public Internet Access, offers an analysis of the service in four public library systems and makes recommendations for strategies that help to sustain and improve public access service. The report was funded through a partnership between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Institute |
of Museum and Library Services and was produced by the University of Washington Information School. [Read more] Access to the Internet has become a central part of American society, helping all of us in many areas of our daily lives. Over the past twenty years, libraries and community technology centers |
have taken on the role of public access centers for those who are unable to reach the Internet at home or work, for reasons ranging from lack of financial resources to personal preference. The U.S. Impact Study is examining the users and use of these public services to better understand |
The Javan rhinoceros is one of the most rare animals in the world and it was just spotted on video tape. Seamen have long reported miraculous sightings of luminous, glowing seawater. You know how animals are supposed to be able sense disasters before they happen? Well some believe it’s a myth, though there are lots of reports of animals behaving strangely days before the |
tsunamis hit in Indonesia. Hundreds of thousands of ants were seen scurrying away from the beach. Elephants, dogs, and zoo animals were all reported to have been acting strangely. What can explain it? Learn more on this Moment of Science. |
In a countless number of movies and novels set in the British Regency and Victorian Era women are plagued by headaches; oftentimes as a way to show them as fragile, |
or as a joke. It is not a trope used with male characters, but if it were would they be taken seriously? Probably not. What if it was all viewed |
from a different angle and headaches were considered as something that legitimately affected their well-being? Maybe they were getting out of a carriage earlier in the week and bumped their |
head on the door frame causing a very mild head injury. What if in present day your head bumped against the driver’s side window in a small accident with no |
other injury? Could that genuinely affect anyone’s overall health? A new study by Dr. Sylvia Lucas, coming out of the American Headache Society‘s Annual Meeting, states that those who experience |
milder head injuries tend to have more post-traumatic headaches as time progresses than those with severe injuries. Out of the 598 participants in the study “about 70% [were] more likely |
than … their counterparts with moderate or severe injury to develop new headache or have a worsening of preexisting headache over the next year,” Dr Lucas was quoted as saying. |
The majority of headaches were classified as migraines, though a large chunk was unclassifiable using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition. They do not know why this occurs, |
but Dr. Lucas thinks it is related to the specific mechanics of the accident that caused the head injury. Breaking down the participants: 220 had mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) |
and began the study the same week of their accident; the other 378 had moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and were admitted to rehabilitation facilities. They found that migraines |
and tension headaches were most common, and that cervicogenic headaches were less common. This was unexpected considering most of the incidents that led to the TBI stemmed from motor vehicle |
accidents. “Study results showed that the mild TBI group and the moderate or severe TBI group had an identical prevalence of headache before injury (17%). But the former had a |
34%).” If you are wondering how this might severely affect somebody’s life, about a year ago a story came out that soldiers were sidelined more from headaches than from other |
types of wounds. Headaches. For the study Dr. Steven P. Cohen and his colleagues “reviewed the records of 985 soldiers who had been evacuated from the wars during 2004-2009 with |
a primary diagnosis of headache.” The causes of the headaches ranged from physical trauma, psychological or emotional, to environmental. Only about a third of the patients in the study were |
able to return to duty. So maybe headaches can cause a bigger imposition in life than originally thought. And the next time someone tells you “it’s just a headache” this |
Hospitals across the country are diligently working to reduce infection rates. According to the World Health Organization, hospital-acquired infections affect as many as 1.7 million patients in the United States |
each year. These infections come at an annual cost of $6.5 billion and contribute to more than 90,000 deaths. Proper hand hygiene is essential in helping to prevent hospital-acquired infections. |
A recent study performed by French researchers examined three types of healthcare workers. The first type spent a large amount of time with a discreet group of patients like a |
nurse would. The second group saw more patients but spent less time with each one - similar to doctors. Group three consisted of healthcare workers who interacted with every patient |
every day like therapists. The study found that if a healthcare worker in group three failed to wash their hands, the spread of disease was three times worse than if |
someone from group one or two didn't. The study was published online in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To read more about the study, continue here. To read |
another take on hand hygiene and about the Joint Commission's national hand hygiene project, click here. Photo Credit: Jessica Flavin Almost two million patients hospitalized in the U.S. each year |
develop an infection. These infections occur in as many as one in every 10 patients, result in close to 100,000 deaths and cost upwards of $6 billion. The Wall Street |
Journal created a top 10 list of infection prevention strategies based on interviews with medical professionals, administrators a non profit company and the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and |
Epidemiology. - Undercover Operations - Dr. Philip Carling, an epidemiologist at Caritas Carney Hospital in Dorchester, Mass. developed a solution to uncover how well patient rooms are cleaned. His invisible |
solution contains fluorescent markers which glow in black light. After spraying patient rooms with the solution, cleaning crews were brought in to perform their normal routine. Later, rooms were examined |
with a black light and areas missed by the cleaners glowed fluorescent. Sharing results with cleaners helped boost compliance with proper cleaning techniques. - High-Tech Cleaning Systems - When hospital |
equipment is disinfected by hand, bacteria often remains. For more thorough disinfecting hospitals are utilizing machines such as Bioquell which sprays a disinfecting hydrogen-peroxide vapor. - Data Mining - Many |
hospitals are tracking data to determine how to prevent infections. Lee Memorial Health System in Florida tracks infection rates by surgeon and reports on the results. Low ranking surgeons can |
then make adjustments to lower their infection rates and improve their ranking. - Patient Hygiene - Research suggests a daily wash with mild antibacterial soap can dramatically reduce the rate |
of bloodstream infections. The recommended cleanser is chlorohexidine glutonate. - Reporting Crackdown - Numerous states have passed laws which require hospitals to report on infection rates. In many cases the |
reports are publicly available. In addition, Medicare is limiting reimbursement for treatment of hospital-acquired infections. - Clean hands - Hospitals that utilize strategically-placed dispensers of hand sanitizer have noticed an |
increase in hand hygiene compliance from less than 50% to more than 80%. - Embracing the Checklist - Incorporating checklists into bedside medical charts can help reduce rates of infection |
by requiring shift nurses to answer questions such as: Does this patient have a catheter? If so, is it still necessary? - Portable Kits - Utilizing all-inclusive kits for common |
procedures such as intravenous line insertions or dressing changes can limit the possibility for infection. Kits contain all the items needed for procedures and prevent the nurse from running in |
and out of the patient room during a procedure to find a forgotten item. - Mouth Maintenance - Regularly cleaning patients' mouths, gums and teeth can help prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, |
a common infection found in intensive care units. - Infection ID - Quick diagnostic tests can identify infected patients in a matter of hours rather than days. This allows for |
a quick response when patients show symptoms, are tested and found to be infected. To read the complete article with expanded descriptions of the top 10, click here. Photo Credit: |
Presta Hospitals in Michigan lowered the rate of bloodstream infections in their patients by following a five-step checklist. The study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that |
implementing the checklist reduced the rate of bloodstream infections related to catheter use by 66%. Despite this success, utilization of the checklist remains limited. The checklist itself isn't complicated: - |
Wash hands - Clean patient's skin with chlorohexidine - Wear protective cap and gown and use a surgical drape during the procedure - Avoid catheter insertion through the groin if |
possible - Remove unnecessary catheters Peter Pronovost, the patient-safety expert who led the study, spoke with The Wall Street Journal to share insights on why more hospitals haven't benefited from |
using the checklist. To read excerpts from his interview, click here. Photo Credit: Adesigna A recent study published in the American Journal of Infection Control examined the levels of bacteria |
on healthcare workers' lab coats. The study involved a cross section of medical and surgical grand rounds attendees at a large teaching hospital. Participants completed a survey and cultured their |
lab coat using a moistened swab on the lapels, pocket and cuffs. Of the 149 white coats in the study, 34 (23%) were contaminated with S aureus, of which 6 |
(18%) were methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). Providers working with patients had higher contamination levels and the study suggests that white coats may contribute to patient-to-patient transmission of S aureus. Read |
the entire study in the March 2009 issue of the American Journal of Infection Control, the official journal of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC). Photo |
Credit: Estherase Central venous catheters (CVC) are essential for treating children with cancer. They reduce the need for multiple needlesticks and the associated pain and anxiety. In addition, they can |
be used to deliver chemotherapy, parenteral fluids, blood products and analgesics. Despite the positives, children with CVCs are at increased risk for bloodstream infections. Complications associated with CVCs include pneumothorax, |
air embolism, nerve injury, catheter malposition, infection and occlusion. A recent study had four objectives: 1. To decrease CVC-related bloodstream infection rates in children with cancer through a comprehensive educational |
intervention. 2. To determine if the frequency of catheter hub colonization of CVCs in children with cancer would decrease following the educational intervention. 3. To evaluate nurses' knowledge of CVC |
care. 4. To determine risk factors influencing CVC-related bloodstream infections in children with cancer. The study was conducted in the cancer center of a large children's hospital and included patients |
ranging in age from infancy to 18 years. A 45 minute educational program on CDC guidelines, most frequent guideline violations and information on catheter-related infections was presented to all caregivers. |
Following the educational presentation, catheter-related bloodstream infections were tracked for six months in order to determine the rate of infection. Study findings showed that the educational program increased nurses' knowledge |
and instances of catheter-related bloodstream infections decreased. You can read the full article in the March 2009 issue of Oncology Nursing Forum or purchase it online here. Photo Credit: Gulf |
Coast Regional Blood Center According to a 2009 study, approximately 5 million central venous catheters are placed each year. Implantable ports provide reliable venous, arterial, epidural and peritoneal access and |
can be used to administer IV fluids, medications and to obtain blood samples. However complications including occlusion, infection, catheter migration and catheter separation from portal body can frequently occur. A |
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