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2402
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2405
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[ "Monitoring", "Broadcast", "Events", "XLoader", "registers", "many", "broadcast", "receivers", "in", "the", "payload", "dynamically", "(", "to", "monitor", "broadcast", "events", "sent", "between", "system", "and", "applications", ")", "." ]
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2407
[ "Registering", "broadcast", "receivers", "enable", "XLoader", "to", "trigger", "its", "malicious", "routines", "." ]
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2408
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[ "It", "can", "also", "create", "a", "simple", "HTTP", "server", "on", "the", "infected", "device", "to", "deceive", "victims", "." ]
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2410
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2411
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2412
[ "It", "will", "appear", "differently", "to", "users", "depending", "on", "the", "language", "set", "on", "the", "device", "." ]
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2413
[ "XLoader", "as", "Spyware", "and", "Banking", "Trojan", "XLoader", "can", "also", "collect", "information", "related", "to", "usage", "of", "apps", "installed", "in", "the", "device", "." ]
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2414
[ "Its", "data-stealing", "capabilities", "include", "collecting", "SMSs", "after", "receiving", "an", "SMS-related", "broadcast", "event", "and", "covertly", "recording", "phone", "calls", "." ]
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2415
[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "hijack", "accounts", "linked", "to", "financial", "or", "game-related", "apps", "installed", "on", "the", "affected", "device", "." ]
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2416
[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "start", "other", "attacker-specified", "packages", "." ]
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2417
[ "A", "possible", "attack", "scenario", "involves", "replacing", "legitimate", "apps", "with", "repackaged", "or", "malicious", "versions", "." ]
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2418
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2419
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2420
[ "We", "reverse", "engineered", "XLoader", "and", "found", "that", "it", "appears", "to", "target", "South", "Korea-based", "banks", "and", "game", "development", "companies", "." ]
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2421
[ "XLoader", "also", "prevents", "victims", "from", "accessing", "the", "device", "’", "s", "settings", "or", "using", "a", "known", "antivirus", "(", "AV", ")", "app", "in", "the", "country", "." ]
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2422
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2423
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2424
[ "The", "abuse", "of", "the", "WebSocket", "protocol", "provides", "XLoader", "with", "a", "persistent", "connection", "between", "clients", "and", "servers", "where", "data", "can", "be", "transported", "any", "time", "." ]
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2425
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2426
[ "Mitigations", "XLoader", "will", "not", "download", "malicious", "apps", "if", "the", "Android", "device", "uses", "a", "mobile", "data", "connection", "." ]
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2427
[ "Nevertheless", ",", "users", "should", "practice", "proper", "security", "hygiene", "to", "mitigate", "threats", "that", "may", "take", "advantage", "of", "a", "home", "or", "business", "router", "’", "s", "security", "gaps", "." ]
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2428
[ "Employ", "stronger", "credentials", ",", "for", "instance", ",", "to", "make", "them", "less", "susceptible", "to", "unauthorized", "access", "." ]
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2429
[ "Regularly", "update", "and", "patch", "the", "router", "’", "s", "software", "and", "firmware", "to", "prevent", "exploits", ",", "and", "enable", "its", "built-in", "firewall", "." ]
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2430
[ "For", "system", "administrators", "and", "information", "security", "professionals", ",", "configuring", "the", "router", "to", "be", "more", "resistant", "to", "attacks", "like", "DNS", "cache", "poisoning", "can", "help", "mitigate", "similar", "threats", "." ]
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2431
[ "Everyday", "users", "can", "do", "the", "same", "by", "checking", "the", "router", "’", "s", "DNS", "settings", "if", "they", "’", "ve", "been", "modified", "." ]
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2432
[ "Even", "threats", "like", "DNS", "cache", "poisoning", "employ", "social", "engineering", ",", "so", "users", "should", "also", "be", "more", "prudent", "against", "suspicious", "or", "unknown", "messages", "that", "have", "telltale", "signs", "of", "malware", "." ]
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2433
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2434
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2435
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2436
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2437
[ "On", "the", "other", "side", ",", "ByteDance", "has", "filed", "a", "lawsuit", "suing", "the", "Trump", "administration", "." ]
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2438
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2439
[ "And", "TikTok", "is", "no", "exception", "." ]
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2440
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2441
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2442
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2443
[ "]", "cc/TiktokPro", "." ]
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2444
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2445
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2446
[ "(", "Please", "note", "this", "is", "a", "different", "app", "and", "not", "the", "same", "as", "the", "one", "being", "spread", "by", "hxxp", ":", "//tiny", "[", "." ]
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2447
[ "]", "cc/TiktokPro", "." ]
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2448
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2449
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2450
[ "This", "fake", "notification", "tactic", "is", "used", "to", "redirect", "the", "user", "'s", "attention", ",", "meanwhile", "the", "app", "hides", "itself", ",", "making", "the", "user", "believe", "the", "app", "to", "be", "faulty", "." ]
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2451
[ "This", "functionality", "can", "be", "seen", "in", "Figure", "1", "." ]
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2452
[ "App", "Icon", "Figure", "1", ":", "App", "icon", "and", "fake", "notification", "." ]
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2453
[ "Behind", "the", "scenes", ",", "there", "are", "number", "of", "process", "occurring", "simultaneously", "." ]
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2454
[ "First", ",", "an", "activity", "named", "MainActivity", "fires", "up", ",", "taking", "care", "of", "hiding", "the", "icon", "and", "showing", "the", "fake", "notification", "." ]
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2455
[ "It", "also", "starts", "an", "Android", "service", "named", "MainService", "." ]
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2456
[ "The", "spyware", "also", "appears", "to", "have", "an", "additional", "payload", "stored", "under", "the", "/res/raw/", "directory", "." ]
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2457
[ "This", "is", "a", "common", "technique", "used", "by", "malware", "developers", "to", "bundle", "the", "main", "payload", "inside", "the", "Android", "package", "to", "avoid", "easy", "detection", "." ]
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2458
[ "As", "seen", "in", "Figure", "2", ",", "the", "app", "tries", "to", "open", "the", "payload", "from", "the", "/res/raw/", "directory", "and", "generate", "an", "additional", "Android", "Package", "Kit", "(", "APK", ")", "named", ".app.apk", ":", "Decoy", "Code", "Figure", "2", ":", "The", "decoy", "code", "for", "the", "fake", "TikTok", "." ]
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2459
[ "Upon", "analysis", ",", "we", "discovered", "that", "this", "is", "a", "decoy", "functionality", "and", "no", "new", "payload", "is", "generated", "." ]
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2460
[ "The", "conditions", "to", "build", "an", "additional", "payload", "are", "never", "met", "." ]
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2461
[ "Going", "one", "step", "further", ",", "we", "rebuilt", "the", "malware", "to", "execute", "the", "apparent", "functionality", "of", "generating", "a", "payload", ",", "but", "discovered", "that", "the", "APK", "stored", "in", "the", "/res/raw/", "directory", "is", "empty", "." ]
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2462
[ "The", "placement", "of", "the", "decoy", "functionality", "is", "likely", "designed", "to", "confuse", "the", "malware", "researchers", "." ]
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2463
[ "It", "is", "also", "possible", "that", "this", "functionality", "is", "under", "development", ",", "making", "this", "placeholder", "code", "incomplete", "." ]
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2464
[ "Coming", "back", "to", "the", "execution", "flow", ",", "once", "the", "spyware", "hides", "itself", ",", "it", "starts", "an", "Android", "service", "named", "MainService", "." ]
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2465
[ "Android", "services", "are", "components", "that", "can", "be", "made", "to", "execute", "independently", "in", "the", "background", "without", "the", "victim", "'s", "knowledge", "." ]
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2466
[ "MainService", "is", "the", "brain", "of", "this", "spyware", "and", "controls", "almost", "everythingβ€”from", "stealing", "the", "victim", "'s", "data", "to", "deleting", "it", "." ]
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2467
[ "All", "of", "its", "capabilities", "are", "discussed", "later", "in", "this", "blog", "." ]
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2468
[ "Hide", "Icon", "Figure", "3", ":", "Code", "showing", "the", "hiding", "icon", "and", "starting", "service", "." ]
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2469
[ "As", "MainService", "is", "the", "main", "controller", ",", "the", "developer", "has", "taken", "the", "appropriate", "actions", "to", "keep", "it", "functional", "and", "running", "at", "all", "times", "." ]
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2470
[ "The", "malware", "developer", "uses", "various", "tactics", "to", "do", "so", ",", "and", "one", "of", "them", "is", "using", "Android", "'s", "broadcast", "receivers", "." ]
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2471
[ "Broadcast", "receivers", "are", "components", "that", "allow", "you", "to", "register", "for", "various", "Android", "events", "." ]
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2472
[ "In", "this", "case", ",", "it", "registers", "three", "broadcast", "receivers", ":", "MyReceiver", "-", "Triggers", "when", "the", "device", "is", "booted", "." ]
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2473
[ "Intercept", "Call", "-", "Triggers", "on", "incoming", "and", "outgoing", "calls", "." ]
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2474
[ "AlarmReceiver", "-", "Triggers", "every", "three", "minutes", "." ]
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2475
[ "MyReceiver", "and", "AlarmReceiver", "start", "the", "MainService", "whenever", "appropriate", "events", "occur", "." ]
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2476
[ "This", "tactic", "is", "very", "common", "among", "malware", "developers", "to", "ensure", "the", "malware", "is", "not", "killed", "by", "the", "Android", "OS", "or", "by", "any", "other", "means", "." ]
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2477
[ "Figure", "4", "shows", "MyReceiver", "in", "action", "where", "it", "eventually", "calls", "the", "MainService", "service", "." ]
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2478
[ "Broadcast", "Receiver", "Figure", "4", ":", "MyReceiver", "broadcast", "receiver", "." ]
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2479
[ "The", "InterceptCall", "receiver", "is", "triggered", "whenever", "there", "is", "an", "incoming", "or", "outgoing", "call", "." ]
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2480
[ "It", "sets", "particular", "parameters", "in", "relation", "to", "call", "details", "and", "a", "further", "service", "named", "calls", "takes", "the", "control", "as", "seen", "in", "Figure", "5", "." ]
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2481
[ "Call", "Service", "Figure", "5", ":", "Code", "for", "the", "calls", "service", "As", "seen", "above", ",", "the", "calls", "service", "stores", "incoming", "call", "details", "in", ".mp3", "format", "in", "the", "/sdcard/DCIM/.dat/", "directory", "with", "file", "name", "appended", "with", "\"", "In_", "''", "for", "incoming", "calls", "and", "\"", "Out_", "''", "for", "outgoing", "calls", "." ]
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2482
[ "How", "these", "recorded", "calls", "are", "sent", "to", "the", "command", "and", "control", "server", "(", "CnC", ")", "is", "taken", "care", "of", "by", "MainService", ",", "which", "is", "discussed", "next", "." ]
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2483
[ "MainService", "is", "the", "central", "controller", "of", "this", "spyware", "." ]
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2484
[ "It", "controls", "each", "and", "every", "functionality", "based", "on", "the", "commands", "sent", "by", "the", "command", "and", "control", "(", "C", "&", "C", ")", "server", "." ]
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2485
[ "As", "soon", "as", "this", "service", "is", "started", ",", "it", "creates", "two", "processes", "that", "take", "care", "of", "connection", "and", "disconnection", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "." ]
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2486
[ "This", "functionality", "can", "be", "seen", "in", "Figure", "6", "." ]
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2487
[ "TimerTask", "Figure", "6", ":", "The", "timer", "task", "." ]
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2488
[ "MainService", "has", "the", "following", "capabilities", ":", "Steal", "SMS", "messages", "Send", "SMS", "messages", "Steal", "the", "victim", "'s", "location", "Capture", "photos", "Execute", "commands", "Capture", "screenshots", "Call", "phone", "numbers", "Initiate", "other", "apps", "Steal", "Facebook", "credentials", ",", "etc", "All", "of", "the", "above", "functionalities", "take", "place", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "commands", "sent", "by", "the", "attacker", "." ]
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2489
[ "Stolen", "data", "is", "stored", "in", "external", "storage", "under", "the", "/DCIM/", "directory", "with", "a", "hidden", "sub-directory", "named", "\"", ".dat", "''", "." ]
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2490
[ "Below", "is", "the", "list", "of", "all", "the", "commands", "catered", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "." ]
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2491
[ "Command", "Action", "Unistxcr", "Restart", "the", "app", "dowsizetr", "Send", "the", "file", "stored", "in", "the", "/sdcard/DCIM/.dat/", "directory", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "Caspylistx", "Get", "a", "list", "of", "all", "hidden", "files", "in", "the", "/DCIM/.dat/", "directory", "spxcheck", "Check", "whether", "call", "details", "are", "collected", "by", "the", "spyware", "S8p8y0", "Delete", "call", "details", "stored", "by", "the", "spyware", "screXmex", "Take", "screenshots", "of", "the", "device", "screen", "Batrxiops", "Check", "battery", "status", "L4oclOCMAWS", "Fetch", "the", "victim", "'s", "location", "GUIFXB", "Launch", "the", "fake", "Facebook", "login", "page", "IODBSSUEEZ", "Send", "a", "file", "containing", "stolen", "Facebook", "credentials", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "FdelSRRT", "Delete", "files", "containing", "stolen", "Facebook", "credentials", "chkstzeaw", "Launch", "Facebook", "LUNAPXER", "Launch", "apps", "according", "to", "the", "package", "name", "sent", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "Gapxplister", "Get", "a", "list", "of", "all", "installed", "applications", "DOTRall8xxe", "Zip", "all", "the", "stolen", "files", "and", "store", "in", "the", "/DCIM/.dat/", "directory", "Acouxacour", "Get", "a", "list", "of", "accounts", "on", "the", "victim", "'s", "device", "Fimxmiisx", "Open", "the", "camera", "Scxreexcv4", "Capture", "an", "image", "micmokmi8x", "Capture", "audio", "Yufsssp", "Get", "latitude", "and", "longitude", "GExCaalsss7", "Get", "call", "logs", "PHOCAs7", "Call", "phone", "numbers", "sent", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "Gxextsxms", "Get", "a", "list", "of", "inbox", "SMS", "messages", "Msppossag", "Send", "SMS", "with", "message", "body", "sent", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "Getconstactx", "Get", "a", "list", "of", "all", "contacts", "Rinxgosa", "Play", "a", "ringtone", "bithsssp64", "Execute", "commands", "sent", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "DOWdeletx", "Deletes", "the", "file", "specified", "by", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "Deldatall8", "Delete", "all", "files", "stored", "in", "the", "/sdcard/DCIM/.dat/", "directory", "We", "do", "n't", "have", "the", "space", "to", "cover", "all", "of", "the", "commands", ",", "but", "let", "'s", "take", "a", "look", "at", "some", "of", "the", "major", "ones", "." ]
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2492
[ "Facebook", "phishing", "One", "of", "the", "interesting", "features", "of", "this", "spyware", "is", "the", "ability", "to", "steal", "Facebook", "credentials", "using", "a", "fake", "login", "page", ",", "similar", "to", "phishing", "." ]
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2493
[ "Upon", "receiving", "the", "command", "GUIFXB", ",", "the", "spyware", "launches", "a", "fake", "Facebook", "login", "page", "." ]
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2494
[ "As", "soon", "as", "the", "victim", "tries", "to", "log", "in", ",", "it", "stores", "the", "victim", "'s", "credentials", "in", "/storage/0/DCIM/.fdat", "Facebook", "Login", "Figure", "7", ":", "Fake", "Facebook", "login", "The", "second", "command", "is", "IODBSSUEEZ", ",", "which", "further", "sends", "stolen", "credentials", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", ",", "as", "seen", "in", "Figure", "8", "." ]
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2495
[ "Stolen", "Data", "Figure", "8", ":", "Sending", "data", "to", "the", "attacker", "." ]
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2496
[ "This", "functionality", "can", "be", "easily", "further", "extended", "to", "steal", "other", "information", ",", "such", "as", "bank", "credentials", ",", "although", "we", "did", "not", "see", "any", "banks", "being", "targeted", "in", "this", "attack", "." ]
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2497
[ "Calling", "functionality", "Command", "PHOCAs7", "initiates", "calling", "functionality", "." ]
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2498
[ "The", "number", "to", "call", "is", "received", "along", "with", "the", "command", ",", "as", "seen", "in", "Figure", "9", "." ]
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2499
[ "Call", "Command", "Figure", "9", ":", "The", "calling", "functionality", "." ]
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