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When I look up the definition for "bolt hole" on Google or in most dictionaries, I am surprised to find that the definition does not include something similar to "a hole for bolts". [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LefAD.png) The current given definition is fine (it makes sense that the hole which an animal hides in when it "bolts" from danger would be called a "bolthole"), but I don't understand why there is no mention of mechanical bolts in the definition at all. Clearly, there are at least two definitions for the word "bolt". When I Google the definition for that, the first one is "a threaded pin that screws into a nut and is used to fasten things together." The secondary definition is "move or run away suddenly." The definition of "bolthole" seems to use the secondary definition of "bolt" and eliminate all other uses as options. Am I missing something here? How would one go about referring to holes for bolts if not by saying "bolt holes"? I should note that as a mechanical engineer, I use "bolt" to refer to the mechanical part far more often than the action of running away suddenly. Therefore, the use of the "bolthole" described above was quite surprising to me.

2019/01/11

The other definition is simply too trivial to be in the dictionary. It would be two words, like "screw hole" or "pilot hole". You'll find the latter listed as it's not obvious, but probably not the former which can be understood as the sum of its parts.

I would suggest that mechanical bolts generally go through either "holes" (or perhaps "punched holes"?), or "threaded holes" for holes with a matching thread cut into them. Depending on your target audience however you may need additional disambiguation to ensure they understand that the context.

When I look up the definition for "bolt hole" on Google or in most dictionaries, I am surprised to find that the definition does not include something similar to "a hole for bolts". [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LefAD.png) The current given definition is fine (it makes sense that the hole which an animal hides in when it "bolts" from danger would be called a "bolthole"), but I don't understand why there is no mention of mechanical bolts in the definition at all. Clearly, there are at least two definitions for the word "bolt". When I Google the definition for that, the first one is "a threaded pin that screws into a nut and is used to fasten things together." The secondary definition is "move or run away suddenly." The definition of "bolthole" seems to use the secondary definition of "bolt" and eliminate all other uses as options. Am I missing something here? How would one go about referring to holes for bolts if not by saying "bolt holes"? I should note that as a mechanical engineer, I use "bolt" to refer to the mechanical part far more often than the action of running away suddenly. Therefore, the use of the "bolthole" described above was quite surprising to me.

2019/01/11

Most dictionaries just give the figurative, yes. But the OED gives both: **bolt-hole** in bolt, n. [OED](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/21142?rskey=9XSmoG&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid16864122) > > n. a hole through which a bolt passes (literal) > > > **bolt-hole**, n. [OED](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/21155?rskey=pEY3ma&result=2&isAdvanced=false#eid) the escape sense (figurative) but ... with separate listings, for why I do not know. Indeed many listing just give the figurative definition only. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JqtrG.jpg) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/T7AgO.png)

I would suggest that mechanical bolts generally go through either "holes" (or perhaps "punched holes"?), or "threaded holes" for holes with a matching thread cut into them. Depending on your target audience however you may need additional disambiguation to ensure they understand that the context.

As the question suggest, is there a way to add an external tracking generator to a spectrum analyzer which doesnt have a tracking generator? Specifically speaking the HP 8564e spectrum analyzer without the stock tracking generator. That analyzer seems to have a sweep output bnc connector in the back, which makes me believe that it can somehow control an external signal generator. So is it possible? if so, which connections are necessary and which type of external generator is needed?

2017/06/02

From the Quick-Start Guide, p. 43 > > 12. J8 LO SWP|FAV OUTPUT provides different signals at connector J8: a 0 V to 10 V ramp corresponding to the local oscillator tune ramp, or a > sweeping dc output of 0.5 V per GHz of tuned frequency (and 0.25 V for > the 8564E/EC and 8565E/EC). The voltage range of the sweeping dc > output depends on the spectrum analyzer frequency range. Select the > output with the softkeys that are accessed when you press AUX CTRL, > REAR PANEL. The 0.25 V/GHz output is needed for frequency ranges above > 26 GHz. External tracking generators, such as the 85640A, 85644A, or > 85645A use the 0.5 V/GHz output > > >

The normal way to get a similar function to a tracking generator is to use a broadband noise source as the signal fed into the Device Under Test. Provided the noise source is adequately flat, you will see a very good representation of the pass-band characteristics on the spectrum analyzer. This noise source doesn't completely replace a proper tracking generator but it is entirely sufficient for checking things like filter or amplifier characteristics.

As the question suggest, is there a way to add an external tracking generator to a spectrum analyzer which doesnt have a tracking generator? Specifically speaking the HP 8564e spectrum analyzer without the stock tracking generator. That analyzer seems to have a sweep output bnc connector in the back, which makes me believe that it can somehow control an external signal generator. So is it possible? if so, which connections are necessary and which type of external generator is needed?

2017/06/02

From the Quick-Start Guide, p. 43 > > 12. J8 LO SWP|FAV OUTPUT provides different signals at connector J8: a 0 V to 10 V ramp corresponding to the local oscillator tune ramp, or a > sweeping dc output of 0.5 V per GHz of tuned frequency (and 0.25 V for > the 8564E/EC and 8565E/EC). The voltage range of the sweeping dc > output depends on the spectrum analyzer frequency range. Select the > output with the softkeys that are accessed when you press AUX CTRL, > REAR PANEL. The 0.25 V/GHz output is needed for frequency ranges above > 26 GHz. External tracking generators, such as the 85640A, 85644A, or > 85645A use the 0.5 V/GHz output > > >

A tracking generator(TG) is fundamentally simple. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3oJ7w.png) A local oscillator and a mixer. Notice that the frequency of the TG is the same as the IF frequency of the spectrum analyzer. That almost is all there is to the likes of an HP8444A\* and HP8558B combo. You can not use the DC ramp of the sweep to control a variable LO, the tracking error would be intolerable. At that, now you need a YIG oscillator that matches the the YIG of the spectrum analyzer for the TG LO. The LO of the TG is slightly adjustable, it doesn't take much. Plug the TG into the spectrum analyzer directly and max the trace out with this adjustment. From HP: > > When you have selected preselected external mixers, the 0.5 V/GHz > output provides approximately 1.5 V per GHz of LO frequency, to > control the preselected mixer > > > This is what the DC sweep is used for. Well, I got here because I'm thinking of making my own TG. The likes of an Agilent 85640A are almost as pricey as an HP856XE. I don't plan on using it for more than 3Ghz so it should work well enough for the kind of stuff I do. Google *HP 8444A Tracking Generator.pdf* and you will see a nice block diagram. (\*)I'll guess my HP 8444A has been modified for the HP8558B; meaning the ALC should not be functional. I works fine without the third LO input. It is not perfectly flat but accually within a few db across the whole spectrum. For narrow sweeps, does it really matter? For the likes of tuning duplexers, it doesn't.

As the question suggest, is there a way to add an external tracking generator to a spectrum analyzer which doesnt have a tracking generator? Specifically speaking the HP 8564e spectrum analyzer without the stock tracking generator. That analyzer seems to have a sweep output bnc connector in the back, which makes me believe that it can somehow control an external signal generator. So is it possible? if so, which connections are necessary and which type of external generator is needed?

2017/06/02

The normal way to get a similar function to a tracking generator is to use a broadband noise source as the signal fed into the Device Under Test. Provided the noise source is adequately flat, you will see a very good representation of the pass-band characteristics on the spectrum analyzer. This noise source doesn't completely replace a proper tracking generator but it is entirely sufficient for checking things like filter or amplifier characteristics.

A tracking generator(TG) is fundamentally simple. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3oJ7w.png) A local oscillator and a mixer. Notice that the frequency of the TG is the same as the IF frequency of the spectrum analyzer. That almost is all there is to the likes of an HP8444A\* and HP8558B combo. You can not use the DC ramp of the sweep to control a variable LO, the tracking error would be intolerable. At that, now you need a YIG oscillator that matches the the YIG of the spectrum analyzer for the TG LO. The LO of the TG is slightly adjustable, it doesn't take much. Plug the TG into the spectrum analyzer directly and max the trace out with this adjustment. From HP: > > When you have selected preselected external mixers, the 0.5 V/GHz > output provides approximately 1.5 V per GHz of LO frequency, to > control the preselected mixer > > > This is what the DC sweep is used for. Well, I got here because I'm thinking of making my own TG. The likes of an Agilent 85640A are almost as pricey as an HP856XE. I don't plan on using it for more than 3Ghz so it should work well enough for the kind of stuff I do. Google *HP 8444A Tracking Generator.pdf* and you will see a nice block diagram. (\*)I'll guess my HP 8444A has been modified for the HP8558B; meaning the ALC should not be functional. I works fine without the third LO input. It is not perfectly flat but accually within a few db across the whole spectrum. For narrow sweeps, does it really matter? For the likes of tuning duplexers, it doesn't.

I used my home computer for desktop Google Drive with my work email account. Once I left the company, they changed the password on the account. I would now like to use Google Drive desktop with my personal email address. I am not able to access preferences to disable the old account since I don't know the new password they established for that account. How can I disable desktop Drive with that account and initiate desktop Drive with my personal account, without knowing the password for the work account? Thank you!

2013/08/25

I just had this same problem and I fixed it by setting "FcgidFixPathinfo" to 0 in Apache's httpd.conf file. Here's a link to where I found this. <http://www.apachelounge.com/viewtopic.php?p=18659>

There must be something subtley wrong with your config I would assume, what it is I cannot guess. However if you are not interested in the challenge of installing an AMP stack manually and you just want something that does it all in one simple ready to go install, can I suggest you have a look at WAMPServer. This installs Apache/MySQL and PHP in a one click install. I suggest you make sure you have uninstalled all your other attempts at installing Apache and MySQL before you try WAMPServer as they will undoubtedly cause confusion. Just a suggestion!

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all > removed. > > > ha, no way - unless you did a reinstall of your OS.

You should reinstall windows. If you really don't want to do that, try repairing the TCP stack; [Winsock fix](http://www.softpedia.com/get/Tweak/Network-Tweak/WinSockFix.shtml).

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all > removed. > > > ha, no way - unless you did a reinstall of your OS.

Have you tried using Windows [System File Checker](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310747)? It may repair it without having to reinstall. Have your Windows disk handy. :)

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all > removed. > > > ha, no way - unless you did a reinstall of your OS.

> > I had some viruses which are now all removed. > > > To expand on Mr-sk's answer, if you are still using the same install of Windows (no reformat/reinstall), then you almost certainly *haven't* completely cleaned your system. Don't mistake your virus scanner returning "0 viruses found" as meaning that you are clean. It's a very good bet that you still have some nasty junk on your system. Viruses and other malware are often designed to avoid detection from scanners. You should think of malware like cockroaches - for every one that you see, assume there are others that you (and your antivirus software) *aren't* seeing. It's a good rule of thumb to reformat and reinstall Windows anytime you've had more than just the most trivial of infestation, and/or if you're still experiencing anything other than perfect functionality after cleaning out an infestation. It sounds like you fall into both of those categories. Reinstall and start fresh.

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all > removed. > > > ha, no way - unless you did a reinstall of your OS.

If reinstalling Windows is a big chore at the moment (and when is it not?), you might be able to get away with resetting your TCP/IP system in Windows. Go to [Microsoft's website here](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/299357) and try their instructions on resetting it. Of course, if you still have viruses in the system (as suggested above), then reinstalling Windows isn't a bad idea. I would personally try the reset myself, and then test it out by going to several different antivirus websites and running the online scanners they have. This will let you double, triple, maybe even quadruple check your system and you can be more certain that it is clean before spending hours wiping and re-installing Windows and your applications.

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all removed. > > > To expand on Mr-sk's answer, if you are still using the same install of Windows (no reformat/reinstall), then you almost certainly *haven't* completely cleaned your system. Don't mistake your virus scanner returning "0 viruses found" as meaning that you are clean. It's a very good bet that you still have some nasty junk on your system. Viruses and other malware are often designed to avoid detection from scanners. You should think of malware like cockroaches - for every one that you see, assume there are others that you (and your antivirus software) *aren't* seeing. It's a good rule of thumb to reformat and reinstall Windows anytime you've had more than just the most trivial of infestation, and/or if you're still experiencing anything other than perfect functionality after cleaning out an infestation. It sounds like you fall into both of those categories. Reinstall and start fresh.

You should reinstall windows. If you really don't want to do that, try repairing the TCP stack; [Winsock fix](http://www.softpedia.com/get/Tweak/Network-Tweak/WinSockFix.shtml).

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all removed. > > > To expand on Mr-sk's answer, if you are still using the same install of Windows (no reformat/reinstall), then you almost certainly *haven't* completely cleaned your system. Don't mistake your virus scanner returning "0 viruses found" as meaning that you are clean. It's a very good bet that you still have some nasty junk on your system. Viruses and other malware are often designed to avoid detection from scanners. You should think of malware like cockroaches - for every one that you see, assume there are others that you (and your antivirus software) *aren't* seeing. It's a good rule of thumb to reformat and reinstall Windows anytime you've had more than just the most trivial of infestation, and/or if you're still experiencing anything other than perfect functionality after cleaning out an infestation. It sounds like you fall into both of those categories. Reinstall and start fresh.

Have you tried using Windows [System File Checker](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310747)? It may repair it without having to reinstall. Have your Windows disk handy. :)

A few weeks ago I started getting BSODs -- mostly in TCPIP.SYS, but occassionally Memory Parity. I had some viruses which are now all removed. I got new memory -- didn't fix it. Over time I was able to narrow it down like this: * IE 6, 7, 8 -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * Google Chrome, Firefox -- *all cause BSOD* after anywhere from a few minutes to an hour * iTunes store -- *causes BSOD* after a few minutes (I believe the store is HTTP based) * Remote Desktop -- *works fine*; ran it all night with no problems * FTP -- *works fine* * SQL -- *works fine*; ran a program all night that queried remote DB. (Used Wireshark to verify it's using TCP as opposed to UDP.) So -- is there some HTTP operation that is corrupted and causing TCPIP.SYS to BSOD? Or is there something unique about HTTP that is putting some hardware load on the NIC and causing the BSOD. This is bizarre!

2010/01/12

> > I had some viruses which are now all removed. > > > To expand on Mr-sk's answer, if you are still using the same install of Windows (no reformat/reinstall), then you almost certainly *haven't* completely cleaned your system. Don't mistake your virus scanner returning "0 viruses found" as meaning that you are clean. It's a very good bet that you still have some nasty junk on your system. Viruses and other malware are often designed to avoid detection from scanners. You should think of malware like cockroaches - for every one that you see, assume there are others that you (and your antivirus software) *aren't* seeing. It's a good rule of thumb to reformat and reinstall Windows anytime you've had more than just the most trivial of infestation, and/or if you're still experiencing anything other than perfect functionality after cleaning out an infestation. It sounds like you fall into both of those categories. Reinstall and start fresh.

If reinstalling Windows is a big chore at the moment (and when is it not?), you might be able to get away with resetting your TCP/IP system in Windows. Go to [Microsoft's website here](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/299357) and try their instructions on resetting it. Of course, if you still have viruses in the system (as suggested above), then reinstalling Windows isn't a bad idea. I would personally try the reset myself, and then test it out by going to several different antivirus websites and running the online scanners they have. This will let you double, triple, maybe even quadruple check your system and you can be more certain that it is clean before spending hours wiping and re-installing Windows and your applications.

I am working on a web application which needs to get data from some local and some non local resources and then display it. As it could take arbitrary amount of time to get the data from these resources I am thinking of using the actors concept so that each actor is responsible for getting data from the respective resource. The request thread will wait for each actor to finish its task and then use ajax to update only the portion of the web page that is dependent on that data. This way user will start seeing the data as soon as it is received rather than wait for all of them to finish and then get a first look at the data. I am planning to look into scala/lift framework for this. I have read some articles on the web for scala/lift and want to explore if this is the correct way to approach this problem and also if scala/lift is good platform of choice. I have worked in Java and C# previously. Any opinions, comments, suggestions are welcome. Thanks, gary

2009/11/22

Take a look a message queue technology like Java's JMS. Message queues allow you to handle long running background tasks asynchronously and reliably. This is the technique sites like Flickr and YouTube use to do media transcoding asynchronously. You can use a Java EE server, or a JMS technology like Apache's [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/), and then layer your Scala/Lift code on top of it. Richard Monson-Haefel's [book on JMS](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0596522045) covers it well. For more general help with web site scaling and construction, take a look at Todd Hoff's excellent blog, [highscalability.com/](http://highscalability.com/). There are some good pointers to using message queues to offload long-running tasks this way. BTW, Twitter uses Scala for something much like what you're considering. Here's an [interview](http://www.artima.com/scalazine/articles/twitter_on_scala.html) with some of their developers; they describe one way they use Scala: > > Robey Pointer: A lot of our architecture is based on letting Rails do what it does best, which is the AJAX, the web front ends, the website—what the user sees. Anything we can offload out of the request/response cycle, we do. So we queue those tasks into a messaging system and have back-end daemons handle them. > > >

Actors would be a way to go. You're essentially setting up a light weight version of JMS. And Lift does the comet stuff very well. In addition to the Scala actors, and the Lift Actors, you also have [akka actors](http://wiki.github.com/jboner/akka). When [Scala Swarm](http://www.scala-lang.org/node/3485) becomes production ready you'll be ready for that too.

I am working on a web application which needs to get data from some local and some non local resources and then display it. As it could take arbitrary amount of time to get the data from these resources I am thinking of using the actors concept so that each actor is responsible for getting data from the respective resource. The request thread will wait for each actor to finish its task and then use ajax to update only the portion of the web page that is dependent on that data. This way user will start seeing the data as soon as it is received rather than wait for all of them to finish and then get a first look at the data. I am planning to look into scala/lift framework for this. I have read some articles on the web for scala/lift and want to explore if this is the correct way to approach this problem and also if scala/lift is good platform of choice. I have worked in Java and C# previously. Any opinions, comments, suggestions are welcome. Thanks, gary

2009/11/22

Take a look a message queue technology like Java's JMS. Message queues allow you to handle long running background tasks asynchronously and reliably. This is the technique sites like Flickr and YouTube use to do media transcoding asynchronously. You can use a Java EE server, or a JMS technology like Apache's [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/), and then layer your Scala/Lift code on top of it. Richard Monson-Haefel's [book on JMS](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0596522045) covers it well. For more general help with web site scaling and construction, take a look at Todd Hoff's excellent blog, [highscalability.com/](http://highscalability.com/). There are some good pointers to using message queues to offload long-running tasks this way. BTW, Twitter uses Scala for something much like what you're considering. Here's an [interview](http://www.artima.com/scalazine/articles/twitter_on_scala.html) with some of their developers; they describe one way they use Scala: > > Robey Pointer: A lot of our architecture is based on letting Rails do what it does best, which is the AJAX, the web front ends, the website—what the user sees. Anything we can offload out of the request/response cycle, we do. So we queue those tasks into a messaging system and have back-end daemons handle them. > > >

If the delayed information is distinct from the information that needs to display immediately, with Lift you can use a LazyLoad snippet that has the longer-running computation (calling the web service) as part of its logic. Lift will take care of inserting it into the page when its ready.

I am working on a web application which needs to get data from some local and some non local resources and then display it. As it could take arbitrary amount of time to get the data from these resources I am thinking of using the actors concept so that each actor is responsible for getting data from the respective resource. The request thread will wait for each actor to finish its task and then use ajax to update only the portion of the web page that is dependent on that data. This way user will start seeing the data as soon as it is received rather than wait for all of them to finish and then get a first look at the data. I am planning to look into scala/lift framework for this. I have read some articles on the web for scala/lift and want to explore if this is the correct way to approach this problem and also if scala/lift is good platform of choice. I have worked in Java and C# previously. Any opinions, comments, suggestions are welcome. Thanks, gary

2009/11/22

If the non-local resources originate at some other service or system, Event Driven Architecture might work for you. Instead of pulling from the non-local resources you could set up this web-application as a subscriber to the events published by these services. Upon receiving a message regarding part of its functionality it would cache locally the data it's interested in. This should let you escape the issue of asynchronous update of parts of the page (all data would be accessible locally). [Udi Dahan](http://www.udidahan.com) blogs about this approach a lot and is also an author of a .NET message bus ([NServiceBus](http://www.nservicebus.com/)) that can be used in such scenarios. See for example <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/architecture/aa699424.aspx>

Actors would be a way to go. You're essentially setting up a light weight version of JMS. And Lift does the comet stuff very well. In addition to the Scala actors, and the Lift Actors, you also have [akka actors](http://wiki.github.com/jboner/akka). When [Scala Swarm](http://www.scala-lang.org/node/3485) becomes production ready you'll be ready for that too.

I am working on a web application which needs to get data from some local and some non local resources and then display it. As it could take arbitrary amount of time to get the data from these resources I am thinking of using the actors concept so that each actor is responsible for getting data from the respective resource. The request thread will wait for each actor to finish its task and then use ajax to update only the portion of the web page that is dependent on that data. This way user will start seeing the data as soon as it is received rather than wait for all of them to finish and then get a first look at the data. I am planning to look into scala/lift framework for this. I have read some articles on the web for scala/lift and want to explore if this is the correct way to approach this problem and also if scala/lift is good platform of choice. I have worked in Java and C# previously. Any opinions, comments, suggestions are welcome. Thanks, gary

2009/11/22

If the non-local resources originate at some other service or system, Event Driven Architecture might work for you. Instead of pulling from the non-local resources you could set up this web-application as a subscriber to the events published by these services. Upon receiving a message regarding part of its functionality it would cache locally the data it's interested in. This should let you escape the issue of asynchronous update of parts of the page (all data would be accessible locally). [Udi Dahan](http://www.udidahan.com) blogs about this approach a lot and is also an author of a .NET message bus ([NServiceBus](http://www.nservicebus.com/)) that can be used in such scenarios. See for example <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/architecture/aa699424.aspx>

If the delayed information is distinct from the information that needs to display immediately, with Lift you can use a LazyLoad snippet that has the longer-running computation (calling the web service) as part of its logic. Lift will take care of inserting it into the page when its ready.

I am working on a web application which needs to get data from some local and some non local resources and then display it. As it could take arbitrary amount of time to get the data from these resources I am thinking of using the actors concept so that each actor is responsible for getting data from the respective resource. The request thread will wait for each actor to finish its task and then use ajax to update only the portion of the web page that is dependent on that data. This way user will start seeing the data as soon as it is received rather than wait for all of them to finish and then get a first look at the data. I am planning to look into scala/lift framework for this. I have read some articles on the web for scala/lift and want to explore if this is the correct way to approach this problem and also if scala/lift is good platform of choice. I have worked in Java and C# previously. Any opinions, comments, suggestions are welcome. Thanks, gary

2009/11/22

Actors would be a way to go. You're essentially setting up a light weight version of JMS. And Lift does the comet stuff very well. In addition to the Scala actors, and the Lift Actors, you also have [akka actors](http://wiki.github.com/jboner/akka). When [Scala Swarm](http://www.scala-lang.org/node/3485) becomes production ready you'll be ready for that too.

If the delayed information is distinct from the information that needs to display immediately, with Lift you can use a LazyLoad snippet that has the longer-running computation (calling the web service) as part of its logic. Lift will take care of inserting it into the page when its ready.

We are considering creating a feature team with three frontend/UX developers and a few backend developers (no full stack developer). **I would like to know whether putting them together in a cross-functional team makes sense if the two groups share very little knowledge and technology stacks.** My understanding is that the benefits of a cross-functional feature team lie in helping people better deliver customer value by * team helping each other to get things done * keeping focus on the feature with common backlog and low total WIP * reducing hand-offs * etc. If the frontendists have JavaScript-based stack, the backendists Java-based stack and share little knowledge and technology, it may seem the above points are not satisfied: * the two groups cannot help each so much due to little shared knowledge and unidirectional dependencies * the two groups frequently get out of sync because, e.g., designs for new features must be prepared in advance; this leads to high total WIP * because of the out-of-sync problem and unidirectional dependencies, there are still hand-offs, just hidden inside the team Separating the teams smells with waterfall, but does joining the two groups together in a team outweigh the cost in this case? Does it make sense to separate the frontend team and perhaps make the backend part more cross-functional towards the core of the system instead? Do you have successful experience with frontend+backend teams without full-stack developers (or teams with little shared knowledge in general)? Thanks

2017/02/21

Yes, put them together. There is only one way the teams will ever get shared knowledge, by sharing. It's also the only way you'll ever get to continuous integration/ deployment. Example: In a previous organization, we eliminated the HR job of QA. All the existing QA people were moved over to a development path. They did not share the same skills as the developers on their teams. So we setup mentoring pairs. The Dev would help the QA person learn coding and the QA person would help the Dev learn to write automated tests. We also did the same thing with our UI and API developers. Pair programming is the key here. The less experience person is at the keyboard, while the more experienced person is navigating.

I agree with Joel's answer regarding: > > There is only one way the teams will ever get shared knowledge, by sharing. > > > Which addresses your first concern of > > the two groups cannot help each so much due to little shared knowledge and unidirectional dependencies > > > Regarding your remaining concerns: > > the two groups frequently get out of sync because, e.g., designs for new features must be prepared in advance; this leads to high total WIP > > > I would suggest taking a page out of Kanban's book, and focus on swarming and increasing throughput/decreasing lead time. Implement WIP limits. If design is maxed out, have developers do what they can to help out design (again, see Joel's answer). Vice versa for development. A designer will never be a developer and a developer will never be a designer, but that doesn't mean they cannot pick up some skills with which they can help each other out. > > because of the out-of-sync problem and unidirectional dependencies, there are still hand-offs, just hidden inside the team > > > The idea behind eliminating hand-offs is because inter-team hand-offs are *slow*. So very, very slow. If you hand something off to another team that is currently at [100% utilization](https://dzone.com/articles/100-utilization-myth), then they are going to take a *very long time* to get back to you (potentially *forever*, if you do not follow up and the request falls into the darkness of the void). If you hand something off to someone in your *own team*, however, then you have the twin advantages of: 1. Any WIP limits can be made explicitly obvious and thus 100% utilization is easier to avoid 2. You can more easily follow-up, and there priority conflict is not nearly so much of an issue Yes, there are still hand-offs. But intra-team hand-offs are so very much *cheaper* than inter-team hand-offs.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

It heavily depends on local climate, but bottom of a N/S crevice half a mile high by one mile wide would get very little direct little sunshine (around midday); this means having your wastes to evaporate naturally is probably not feasible. To get water in you can rely on rain, if available, or on some (small) river flowing into the abyss. In both cases your problem is how to avoid this basin to get filled with fresh water. You can handwave it away saying the mage who prepared the Wall of Force spell made it unidirectional, so that anything leaning on it from the north side would be instantly pushed unto the south side of the wall (2500 feet under water, you need a good breath to escape that way!... not to speak about your eardrums). *[Side Note: in this case you have a very nice way to produce "moto perpetuo" and get free energy just by having a pipe siphoning sea water in, use its 2500 feet drop potential energy with some kind of mill and then shove it through the wall returning it to sea; OTOH such energy might come from the spell itself, which may be weakened and, perhaps, fail after a while (if not "renewed")]* Otherwise you'll need to pump it up, most likely with an Archimedes screw. Note that this freshwater-filling problem is completely independent from city. Such a closed crevice, if not in fully desert climate, is bound to be filled in reasonably short time, so Magician must have solved it when he built it, somehow.

The water getting in part can be solved by collecting rain water in cisterns assuming the rainfall is suficient. Similarly if it is hot enough waste water can be disposed of by moving it into shallow pools that evaporate by the heat of the sun, any remaining solid waste can then be shoveled onto carts and carted of. This assumes a hot an relatively arrid climate similar to the mediteranian region. If your climate is different other solutions might be needed. Adding water is probably the simpler part, a system of canals on either side could divert controlable amounts of water over the edge. Getting rid of the waste, thus avoiding a waterfilled canyon is probably the harder part.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

Reverse Osmosis =============== Actually, you have a really easy way to make fresh water in that underwater city: [reverse osmosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis#Desalination) Assuming that the air pressure inside this city is actually normal atmospheric pressure, you have it really easy: you simply tap sea water through the wall and let the enormous pressure of being 750 meters / 2 500 feet below the surface do the job for you. The pressure forces the water through the reverse osmosis filters and... well, that is basically it, you get fresh water on the other side. The reason we do not do it more here on Earth is that creating the pressure needed to achieve this requires using a lot of energy. But in your city, you have that pressure for free. As for waste water... well that too is fairly easy. You have a pipe through the wall leading to a tank. The tank and this outlet pipe need to be very sturdy and not flex when subjected to pressure. You fill the tank to the brim with waste water. Then you close the low pressure side of the tank where you filled it with water, and (very gently) open the outside valve. Then you simply use compressed air to push the waste water out into the sea. Naturally this is something you want to do **downstream** from inlets to the desalination filters. And if you cannot get an air pump to produce 75 atmospheres of pressure... well then then you simply need to **hoist** the waste out of the canyon. No, you cannot boil away the water, let the steam rise and then just hoist the solid waste that is left behind, because steam cannot rise indefinitely, because stream **cools** as it rises. The heat of the steam is being converted to potential energy as it rises, and so [TAANSTAFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_ain%27t_no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch) applies, even to steam.

The water getting in part can be solved by collecting rain water in cisterns assuming the rainfall is suficient. Similarly if it is hot enough waste water can be disposed of by moving it into shallow pools that evaporate by the heat of the sun, any remaining solid waste can then be shoveled onto carts and carted of. This assumes a hot an relatively arrid climate similar to the mediteranian region. If your climate is different other solutions might be needed. Adding water is probably the simpler part, a system of canals on either side could divert controlable amounts of water over the edge. Getting rid of the waste, thus avoiding a waterfilled canyon is probably the harder part.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

It heavily depends on local climate, but bottom of a N/S crevice half a mile high by one mile wide would get very little direct little sunshine (around midday); this means having your wastes to evaporate naturally is probably not feasible. To get water in you can rely on rain, if available, or on some (small) river flowing into the abyss. In both cases your problem is how to avoid this basin to get filled with fresh water. You can handwave it away saying the mage who prepared the Wall of Force spell made it unidirectional, so that anything leaning on it from the north side would be instantly pushed unto the south side of the wall (2500 feet under water, you need a good breath to escape that way!... not to speak about your eardrums). *[Side Note: in this case you have a very nice way to produce "moto perpetuo" and get free energy just by having a pipe siphoning sea water in, use its 2500 feet drop potential energy with some kind of mill and then shove it through the wall returning it to sea; OTOH such energy might come from the spell itself, which may be weakened and, perhaps, fail after a while (if not "renewed")]* Otherwise you'll need to pump it up, most likely with an Archimedes screw. Note that this freshwater-filling problem is completely independent from city. Such a closed crevice, if not in fully desert climate, is bound to be filled in reasonably short time, so Magician must have solved it when he built it, somehow.

Reverse Osmosis =============== Actually, you have a really easy way to make fresh water in that underwater city: [reverse osmosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis#Desalination) Assuming that the air pressure inside this city is actually normal atmospheric pressure, you have it really easy: you simply tap sea water through the wall and let the enormous pressure of being 750 meters / 2 500 feet below the surface do the job for you. The pressure forces the water through the reverse osmosis filters and... well, that is basically it, you get fresh water on the other side. The reason we do not do it more here on Earth is that creating the pressure needed to achieve this requires using a lot of energy. But in your city, you have that pressure for free. As for waste water... well that too is fairly easy. You have a pipe through the wall leading to a tank. The tank and this outlet pipe need to be very sturdy and not flex when subjected to pressure. You fill the tank to the brim with waste water. Then you close the low pressure side of the tank where you filled it with water, and (very gently) open the outside valve. Then you simply use compressed air to push the waste water out into the sea. Naturally this is something you want to do **downstream** from inlets to the desalination filters. And if you cannot get an air pump to produce 75 atmospheres of pressure... well then then you simply need to **hoist** the waste out of the canyon. No, you cannot boil away the water, let the steam rise and then just hoist the solid waste that is left behind, because steam cannot rise indefinitely, because stream **cools** as it rises. The heat of the steam is being converted to potential energy as it rises, and so [TAANSTAFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_ain%27t_no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch) applies, even to steam.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

It heavily depends on local climate, but bottom of a N/S crevice half a mile high by one mile wide would get very little direct little sunshine (around midday); this means having your wastes to evaporate naturally is probably not feasible. To get water in you can rely on rain, if available, or on some (small) river flowing into the abyss. In both cases your problem is how to avoid this basin to get filled with fresh water. You can handwave it away saying the mage who prepared the Wall of Force spell made it unidirectional, so that anything leaning on it from the north side would be instantly pushed unto the south side of the wall (2500 feet under water, you need a good breath to escape that way!... not to speak about your eardrums). *[Side Note: in this case you have a very nice way to produce "moto perpetuo" and get free energy just by having a pipe siphoning sea water in, use its 2500 feet drop potential energy with some kind of mill and then shove it through the wall returning it to sea; OTOH such energy might come from the spell itself, which may be weakened and, perhaps, fail after a while (if not "renewed")]* Otherwise you'll need to pump it up, most likely with an Archimedes screw. Note that this freshwater-filling problem is completely independent from city. Such a closed crevice, if not in fully desert climate, is bound to be filled in reasonably short time, so Magician must have solved it when he built it, somehow.

Create a hoop with [Purify Food and Drink](http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/prd/coreRulebook/spells/purifyFoodAndDrink.html) on it and use it to recycle the water. Then you just have to figure out how to transport the water uphill to holding tanks. You can do that through siphoning (32 feet at a time) or through some animated water pump. Another possibility is set up [Decanters of Endless Water](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic-items/wondrous-items/wondrous-items/c-d/decanter-of-endless-water/) on the high ground and a [Sphere of Annihilation](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic-items/artifacts/minor-artifacts/sphere-of-annihilation/) at the low point. If you combine the two methods, (some Decanters to make up for water loss) you have a pretty good system.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

It heavily depends on local climate, but bottom of a N/S crevice half a mile high by one mile wide would get very little direct little sunshine (around midday); this means having your wastes to evaporate naturally is probably not feasible. To get water in you can rely on rain, if available, or on some (small) river flowing into the abyss. In both cases your problem is how to avoid this basin to get filled with fresh water. You can handwave it away saying the mage who prepared the Wall of Force spell made it unidirectional, so that anything leaning on it from the north side would be instantly pushed unto the south side of the wall (2500 feet under water, you need a good breath to escape that way!... not to speak about your eardrums). *[Side Note: in this case you have a very nice way to produce "moto perpetuo" and get free energy just by having a pipe siphoning sea water in, use its 2500 feet drop potential energy with some kind of mill and then shove it through the wall returning it to sea; OTOH such energy might come from the spell itself, which may be weakened and, perhaps, fail after a while (if not "renewed")]* Otherwise you'll need to pump it up, most likely with an Archimedes screw. Note that this freshwater-filling problem is completely independent from city. Such a closed crevice, if not in fully desert climate, is bound to be filled in reasonably short time, so Magician must have solved it when he built it, somehow.

I'm going to suggest a controlled underground river that is so hot that water turns to steam and burst out of the ground through gysers(or supply a citys' water tank). It would be like a giant sprinkler system and probably look awesome causing lots of rainbows. Though this seems slightly implausible, especialy as water boils without special geology or magic about 10000 feet below,which might not have the force to reach the surface.Though if this is volcanic terrain or magic is involved it becomes easier. I thought it was a cool idea and couldn't get it out of my head. Also hotsprings are suppost to be great for relaxation and health, maybe a start of a fountain of youth myth.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

Reverse Osmosis =============== Actually, you have a really easy way to make fresh water in that underwater city: [reverse osmosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis#Desalination) Assuming that the air pressure inside this city is actually normal atmospheric pressure, you have it really easy: you simply tap sea water through the wall and let the enormous pressure of being 750 meters / 2 500 feet below the surface do the job for you. The pressure forces the water through the reverse osmosis filters and... well, that is basically it, you get fresh water on the other side. The reason we do not do it more here on Earth is that creating the pressure needed to achieve this requires using a lot of energy. But in your city, you have that pressure for free. As for waste water... well that too is fairly easy. You have a pipe through the wall leading to a tank. The tank and this outlet pipe need to be very sturdy and not flex when subjected to pressure. You fill the tank to the brim with waste water. Then you close the low pressure side of the tank where you filled it with water, and (very gently) open the outside valve. Then you simply use compressed air to push the waste water out into the sea. Naturally this is something you want to do **downstream** from inlets to the desalination filters. And if you cannot get an air pump to produce 75 atmospheres of pressure... well then then you simply need to **hoist** the waste out of the canyon. No, you cannot boil away the water, let the steam rise and then just hoist the solid waste that is left behind, because steam cannot rise indefinitely, because stream **cools** as it rises. The heat of the steam is being converted to potential energy as it rises, and so [TAANSTAFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_ain%27t_no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch) applies, even to steam.

Create a hoop with [Purify Food and Drink](http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/prd/coreRulebook/spells/purifyFoodAndDrink.html) on it and use it to recycle the water. Then you just have to figure out how to transport the water uphill to holding tanks. You can do that through siphoning (32 feet at a time) or through some animated water pump. Another possibility is set up [Decanters of Endless Water](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic-items/wondrous-items/wondrous-items/c-d/decanter-of-endless-water/) on the high ground and a [Sphere of Annihilation](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic-items/artifacts/minor-artifacts/sphere-of-annihilation/) at the low point. If you combine the two methods, (some Decanters to make up for water loss) you have a pretty good system.

In my Pathfinder RPG campaign setting I have two continents separated by an isthmus. An artificial canyon carved through the isthmus from one ocean to another divides the continents. The canyon is five miles wide for the most part, but narrows at The Pinch to a spot one mile wide with a narrow bridge. The canyon separates the eastern and western continents. It was carved out years ago by wizards, who placed a mountain at the north end of the canyon and a [Wall of Force](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/magic/all-spells/w/wall-of-force/) down the south end. These prevent the ocean from filling the canyon. Between the south end and The Pinch, at the highest point in the canyon but still 2500 feet below sea level, a city has been built against the eastern canyon wall. The city, Blackmount, is the only point on the planet where an elixir that prolongs life may be made. It's also outside the legal jurisdiction of either political state on either side of the canyon. The part I am stuck on, developing this city, is how they manage water. They're below sea level. How does fresh water get in? What do they do with waste water? The feel I am going for is Age of Englightment / *Pirates of the Carribean* (so, roughly 1730 technology level) but in an alternate world where humans compete with elves, dwarves, halfings and gnomes for resources on the planet (and those are just the "good/benign" races). Magic is used by a small percentage of the global population. **EDIT**: I agree that I could hand wave away the problems with water and sewage by using the term "magic" and say "The wizards dealt with it." My intent was to find a different way to address it. With regards to food, trade, and roads: I have not planned this out in enough detail because I got stuck on the water issue. My current idea is that the (small) city is the only place on the planet that makes an elixir that may prolong life. This is sold annually in limited quantities for an exorbitant price. Part of that income is used to bring in food, water and other rare goods on special centaurs that are more mountain-goat than horse, who make their way down incredibly steep channels. Or maybe riders on giant spiders haul cargo up and down. There are no easy roads out, but gravity easily brings all manner of stuff down to the city; this causes its own set of problems. ---

2017/08/19

Reverse Osmosis =============== Actually, you have a really easy way to make fresh water in that underwater city: [reverse osmosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis#Desalination) Assuming that the air pressure inside this city is actually normal atmospheric pressure, you have it really easy: you simply tap sea water through the wall and let the enormous pressure of being 750 meters / 2 500 feet below the surface do the job for you. The pressure forces the water through the reverse osmosis filters and... well, that is basically it, you get fresh water on the other side. The reason we do not do it more here on Earth is that creating the pressure needed to achieve this requires using a lot of energy. But in your city, you have that pressure for free. As for waste water... well that too is fairly easy. You have a pipe through the wall leading to a tank. The tank and this outlet pipe need to be very sturdy and not flex when subjected to pressure. You fill the tank to the brim with waste water. Then you close the low pressure side of the tank where you filled it with water, and (very gently) open the outside valve. Then you simply use compressed air to push the waste water out into the sea. Naturally this is something you want to do **downstream** from inlets to the desalination filters. And if you cannot get an air pump to produce 75 atmospheres of pressure... well then then you simply need to **hoist** the waste out of the canyon. No, you cannot boil away the water, let the steam rise and then just hoist the solid waste that is left behind, because steam cannot rise indefinitely, because stream **cools** as it rises. The heat of the steam is being converted to potential energy as it rises, and so [TAANSTAFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_ain%27t_no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch) applies, even to steam.

I'm going to suggest a controlled underground river that is so hot that water turns to steam and burst out of the ground through gysers(or supply a citys' water tank). It would be like a giant sprinkler system and probably look awesome causing lots of rainbows. Though this seems slightly implausible, especialy as water boils without special geology or magic about 10000 feet below,which might not have the force to reach the surface.Though if this is volcanic terrain or magic is involved it becomes easier. I thought it was a cool idea and couldn't get it out of my head. Also hotsprings are suppost to be great for relaxation and health, maybe a start of a fountain of youth myth.

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

Combined with Twitter, <http://snipt.org/> looks alright. Haven't used it a lot, but I don't use anything a lot.

My company uses [WebeX](http://www.webex.com/), I personally like [DimDim](http://www.dimdim.com/)

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

I use [GNU Screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/).

Here we use IM, irc, and [pastebin](http://pastebin.com/). It's not ideal, but it gets the job done. I'd rather have a really good collaborative whiteboard-like tool, but I don't know of one.

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

For a general solution, you could try a VNC option (e.g. tightVNC). This will allow you to share the same desktop. There's ultraVNC for example that I think will let you share a window only. A Windows specific solution might be NetMeeting (Start -> Run -> conf), where you can share a 'whiteboard' and I am pretty sure you can share a window as well, if you try.

[github](http://github.com/) Why I say [git](http://git-scm.com/), because you mentioned the need to see what's changed, because you want something quick. I mentioned github because its a good enough repository. you can also use a dump space website like [adrive](http://www.adrive.com/), with or without git to version your source.

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

Github has a good paste-sharing site called [gist](http://gist.github.com). You can very easily clone the gist to your desktop if you need to see diffs. No diffs online unfortunately... (That would be a really nice feature to have there!)

So, it's years later now. Services have been started, bought, sold, etc since I first asked this question. It seems that the dominant service being used these days (at least for testing/sharing html, js, and css is [jsfiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/). If you're looking for a replacement to Etherpad (which was bought and shut down by Google) then you can try [typewith.me](http://typewith.me), though I've found the service to be buggy every time Chrome gets an update.

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

Your question sounds like the Jeopardy clue whose answer is "What is [Basecamp](http://www.basecamphq.com/)?" Or maybe [Campfire](http://www.campfirenow.com/). Or maybe both. Both have free plans.

[github](http://github.com/) Why I say [git](http://git-scm.com/), because you mentioned the need to see what's changed, because you want something quick. I mentioned github because its a good enough repository. you can also use a dump space website like [adrive](http://www.adrive.com/), with or without git to version your source.

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

I use [GNU Screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/).

if the communication will be remote then. i prefer phone or skype in order to make things clearly, for sharing data if you want to easily share screen with a tool you might already have use Netmeeting. or you can try some software like interwise, gotomeeting, logmein. or even large emails are better than IM

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

Combined with Twitter, <http://snipt.org/> looks alright. Haven't used it a lot, but I don't use anything a lot.

if the communication will be remote then. i prefer phone or skype in order to make things clearly, for sharing data if you want to easily share screen with a tool you might already have use Netmeeting. or you can try some software like interwise, gotomeeting, logmein. or even large emails are better than IM

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

There is a plethora of online desktops you can google for (example:[DesktopTwo](http://www.desktoptwo.com/)) if its not just the code you want to share, but a whole setup.

My company uses [WebeX](http://www.webex.com/), I personally like [DimDim](http://www.dimdim.com/)

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

For a general solution, you could try a VNC option (e.g. tightVNC). This will allow you to share the same desktop. There's ultraVNC for example that I think will let you share a window only. A Windows specific solution might be NetMeeting (Start -> Run -> conf), where you can share a 'whiteboard' and I am pretty sure you can share a window as well, if you try.

if the communication will be remote then. i prefer phone or skype in order to make things clearly, for sharing data if you want to easily share screen with a tool you might already have use Netmeeting. or you can try some software like interwise, gotomeeting, logmein. or even large emails are better than IM

Pretend you're hitting me up for some javascript help on IM. How can you make it as easy as possible for me to help you get your code working? I run into this all the time. I'm on instant messenger and someone is asking me a question (or maybe it's me that's asking them) and we have lots of back-and-forth communication trying to work on the same bit of code. Instant messengers aren't well suited for this. Email is slow, a little can get a little hard to follow with enough back and forth. **Here's what I've tried:** [Google Docs:](http://google.com/docs) - Requires a google account and isn't exactly real-time. Hard to know when/where other users might be editing. [Pastie.org](http://pastie.org) - This is really great for sharing code, but not for 2-way collaboration. I love the interface ([sample](http://pastie.org/379097)) but I can't edit with other people in real time. [EtherPad](http://etherpad.com/) - Looked promising, but buckles under the load with only a few users. Some guys at work were trying to get us to use this, but we kept having performance issues and even a couple browser crashes. [CollabEdit](http://collabedit.com/) - This one actually looks great (*just* found it right now). I haven't actually used it with anyone yet. It feels lightweight and responsive enough. Anyone had any luck with this one? [Gobby](http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/) - I'm going to have a hard time getting people to install something like this when what they/I really need is some quick, ad-hoc collaboration. Having said that- maybe it's worth looking into for people I collaborate with regularly? Anyone used it? [JSbin](http://jsbin.com/) - We tried to use this on a number of occasions since most of the people I work with are javascript guys (we work at a web development agency). The "sandbox" javascript functionality is wonderful. However, we can't collaborate live, in real time. We can generate new links after editing code, but that's only a small step better than emailing it to each other (or using Pastie.org) Screen Sharing - I've only seen this work well between Mac users. If the other developer is on OSX 10.5 (Leopard), sharing screens in iChat is trivial. Other than that, I'm not aware of free, reliable, no-fuss screen sharing. -- Added -- VNC - The barrier for entry is just too high on this one. Installing software, getting around network firewalls, adding exceptions to local firewalls... yuck. **I'm talking *fast* "hey do these lines look right?" collaboration here.** -- /end -- **...whew.** **Okay, so what do you use?** I think the ideal service would be something that's free, web-based, and purpose driven (hey... kinda like Stackoverflow).

2009/02/04

Any web-based stuff, I find the easiest is for both parties to simply work off a single server. This means: * Either taking turns in editing the file on the server, and pressing "reload" in your browser, so that both of you see the results at the same time. * Or both sides working against a version control repository (Subversion, or Git like was mentioned here already) and keep updating that on the server. This requires a server of some kind with those abilities, but since anyone can install something like that on their own computer, or just pay a few dollars a month for someone else to host it for him, it doesn't seem like such a big deal.

if the communication will be remote then. i prefer phone or skype in order to make things clearly, for sharing data if you want to easily share screen with a tool you might already have use Netmeeting. or you can try some software like interwise, gotomeeting, logmein. or even large emails are better than IM

If a white walker leading a force of wights is somehow killed, what becomes of the undead soldiers following it at the time? Do they drop dead for good, or do they keep trying to carry out the last command he gave them? Or does something else entirely happen? I'm asking about the show, but I'm not adverse to answers from the books.

2016/06/22

**Update for *Season 7, Episode 6, "Beyond the Wall"*:** White Walker do have direct control of the wights. When Jon and company ambush a small party of wights in an attempt to capture on, Jon slays the White Walker and all but one (the one they end up capturing) drop... uh... dead on the spot. --- **Original Answer:** We have not seen any direct evidence to support the notion that a White Walker directly control Wights. We have three levels of "Others". 1. **Night's King** - the leader and only one at this level. Has the power to raise wights from the dead and transform the living (at least babies) into White Walkers. 2. **White Walkers** - secondary leaders, there are at least 12 of them shown when Night's King turn Craster's baby into a White Walker). They are shown to have independent intelligence and are immune to standard weapons and fire. 3. **Wights** - common soldiers. They seem to have a hive mind and act mostly on instinct. They can be harmed by normal weapons and fire. --- We have seen a few instances of a White Walker being destroyed and one instance of a singular Wight being destroyed: 1. Sam Tarly destroys one with a dragonglass spear while defending Gilly. In this case there are no wights around, so we can not conclude anything about control over Wights. 2. Jon Snow destroys a White Walker with Longclaw (Valyrian steel) during the battle at Hardholme. Here we see that there hundreds of Wights attacking, but after the destruction of the White Walker nothing seems to change. 3. Meera Reed destroys a White Walker with a dragonglass spear during their invasion at the tree hideout. Considering how this ended, the Wights were not effected. 4. Early in his day at the Wall, Jon saves the life of Lord Commander Mormont by slaying a Wight that was the reanimated corpse of a recently deceased Ranger. We do not see any White Walkers in the area, however one must wonder how the body was reanimated in the first place... A small caveat to the points 2 and 3... there are other White Walkers in the area. So if the Wights *do need* a White Walker to control them, they were available to do so...

The other answer is correct in saying that when a White Walker is killed the wights it turned "die". However, I think it misrepresents this as the White Walker having direct control over them, so far we have no evidence that, that is actually the case. The merry men seem to come to the conclusion that it was because that White Walker has turned the wights not that it had direct control of them: > > When you killed the white walker, almost all the dead that followed it fell. > Why? > > Maybe he was the one who turned them. > > Game of Thrones, Season 7 Episode 6, "Beyond the Wall" > > >

Is there a way to set the height of the iframe to be the same as the height of its source? I am trying to a) Avoid scrollbars and b) Avoid using fixed height in px Thank you. :)

2010/03/28

Since the source page is on a different domain — no. The only way to adjust its size based on the content is to measure the rendered size of the content using JavaScript, and the [Same Origin Policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Same_origin_policy_for_JavaScript) will prevent this.

if i understand correctly you have control over the iframe-content? in that case i wrote [a javascript thingie (squeezeFrame.js)](http://futtta.be/squeezeFrame/) a couple of weeks ago, that can do just what you need. essentially it uses; * [clientWidth](http://www.quirksmode.org/dom/w3c_cssom.html#elementview) (and optionally -Height) to get the size of the "viewport" * scrollWidth (again optionally -Height) to get the size of the entire (iframed) page * zoom (and -moz-transform: scale for firefox) to zoom in/out you can see [a couple of demo's of squeezeFrame.js in action here](http://futtta.be/squeezeFrame/)

Does the game roll for my dodge chance when the enemy weapon is fired, or when it would hit my ship?

2013/01/20

Dodge chance takes effect differently depending on whether or not you have shields. * If you have **no shields**, dodge is calculated when your ship is about to be hit. * If you **do have shields**, dodge is calculated when they are about to be hit. This may seem like a trivial distinction, but there is one important result of this: **Missiles**. Even though missiles bypass shields, the dodge is still calculated as the missile passes the shield barrier. So if you are using a Cloaking Device, use it before things hit your shield.

It seems to be when the shots are about to hit your ship. I use my cloak right after the enemy fires its volley which takes my evade to around 90%-105%, giving a hit free volley cycle for me every time.

I asked a question about [silencing only certain sounds](https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/337/is-it-possible-to-only-silence-certain-notifications/385#385) and decided to go with the AudioManager widget, which is working quite well. My main uses are to silence everything but alarms and the ringer when I'm sleeping and everything when I'm in class. However, if I get a notification from Facebook or Twitter (both the official apps by Facebook and Twitter, respectively) at night, they still go off, which makes me think that these apps either use the ringer volume (instead of the alert volume) or some volume that AudioManager doesn't have control over. The volume controls provided by AudioManager are Alarm Volume, Music Volume, Alerts Volume, Ringer Volume, System Volume, and Voice call Volume. Alarm volume is always 7/7, music volume is where ever it was last time I listened to music (in the car, I have it 15/15, and usually 8/15 when I'm listening with earbuds), alerts is 7/7 during the day and 0/7 at night, ringer is always 7/7, system is 7/7 during the day and 0/7 at night, and voice call volume is 3/5. So, my questions: (1) What volume do these apps actually use for notifications? (2) Is there an easy way (without having to open both apps and turn off notifications at night, then turn them back on) to silence these notifications? This includes possibly switching away from AudioManager to another free application.

2010/11/22

Kies didn't play nicely but I did find [this tutorial](http://samsunggalaxysforums.com/showthread.php/2921-How-to-use-Odin-to-upgrade-to-Froyo-from-Eclair) from Goots at Samsung Galaxy S forums. I'm now running Froyo.

To answer your original question: yes, almost all popular Android phones have community mods (CyanogenMod, Samdroid, etc) and many of them are writing drivers for Froyo for many popular phones. Community mods are often able to release drivers and updates much faster than operators can since they are unbriddled by the red tapes and the internal politics of official releases. Most community mods are rooted, although some may release unrooted version as well.

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

Do you see : * <http://www.xhtml2pdf.com> * <http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/> They look as PrinceXML

It's not open source, but you can at least get a free personal use license to [Prince](http://princexml.com), which really does a lovely job.

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

This command line tool is the business! <https://wkhtmltopdf.org/> It uses webkit rendering engine(used in safari and KDE), I tested it on some complex sites and it was by far better than any other tool.

You could try my wkhtmltopdf wrapper: <https://github.com/pruiz/WkHtmlToXSharp> ;)

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

This command line tool is the business! <https://wkhtmltopdf.org/> It uses webkit rendering engine(used in safari and KDE), I tested it on some complex sites and it was by far better than any other tool.

It's not open source, but you can at least get a free personal use license to [Prince](http://princexml.com), which really does a lovely job.

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

This command line tool is the business! <https://wkhtmltopdf.org/> It uses webkit rendering engine(used in safari and KDE), I tested it on some complex sites and it was by far better than any other tool.

Do you see : * <http://www.xhtml2pdf.com> * <http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/> They look as PrinceXML

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

Do you see : * <http://www.xhtml2pdf.com> * <http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/> They look as PrinceXML

You could try my wkhtmltopdf wrapper: <https://github.com/pruiz/WkHtmlToXSharp> ;)

I asked about getting iTextSharp to render a PDF from HTML and a CSS sheet before [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/430280/render-pdf-in-itextsharp-from-html-with-css) but it seems like that may not be possible... So I guess I will have to try something else. Is there an open source .NET/C# library out there that can take HTML ***and*** CSS as input and render it correctly? I must reiterate... the library MUST be free and preferably something with a fairly liberal license. I'm working with basically no budget here.

2009/01/10

You could try my wkhtmltopdf wrapper: <https://github.com/pruiz/WkHtmlToXSharp> ;)

It's not open source, but you can at least get a free personal use license to [Prince](http://princexml.com), which really does a lovely job.

Assume you're building a bulletproof CMS for your company. Cost, time, and technology are no issue. You've got developers ready to go with the knowledge and experience to crank out outstanding code. Now, you have to answer the age old CMS question: what steps do you take to ensure that the code entered into the CMS by the user is acceptable for your site? I'm thinking beyond just technically escaping a string to make it able to go into a database--there are considerations for w3 standards, filtering for inappropriate content, spelling, and such conundrums as Microsoft Word code scrubbing. Certainly, there are concerns that I've missed...

2010/08/06

I think the question here is: > > "How do I get exactly what I want from > my users by making input absurdly easy > for them" > > > The only instance where I see users actually needing to use HTML directly in some form of input is when / if they are formatting tabular data. However, in that case, its much easier to give them a form that can do the same, or any one of the popular grids available in various libraries. I think the golden rule, at least for me is, use a system of markup that is not HTML, which your form handlers can then use to construct beautiful, standards compliant and semantically correct HTML. Third party scanners can (normally) detect most problems with uploaded files. I personally like ClamAV - which is available for both \*nix and Windows. That solves the problem of making sure everything is arranged nicely, formatted correctly and no undesirable stuff is being served to visitors, or is it? The other thing you need to do is review any content that they submit, a human being has to have some part in this or stuff is going to be missed. Is that image appropriate? Does that link lead to malware or something else that you would rather not link to? Etc. Providing a flagging mechanism helps, but is always not effective. For instance, if you provide an answer to a two year old question on stackoverflow.com, the question is immediately bumped to the front page where the community is sure to review what was just added. Not all systems are designed with that sort of safeguard in mind. If you do a significant amount of volume when it comes to user contributed content, its probably worth your time to explore using contractors who simply review submissions to make sure inappropriate media / links are weeded out quickly. Or, perhaps you can enlist help from your community of users (if one exists) to do the same, in exchange for some kind of special privileges or extra perks that normal users don't enjoy.

I would answer this by spinning it into more of a "What tools do I need to implement" as then you can start thinking about a set of utilities, tools and plugins that you can use to implement the safeguards. Such things as TinyMCE for complex input, as it's got a 'paste from word' function which is ideal for eliminating lots of Word character issues. I notice that you say "The code entered into the cms" so are we talking actual code rather than content? As that would change the landscape of the application quite a bit in my opinion. Otherwise I agree with the comment by jessegavin, there could be lots and lots of answers to this question. I have to admit, I don't quite understand the question as it stands. As being a developer myself, these safeguards are things that I would code anyway when building the CMS. Although I think many of the safeguards could be covered in the Use Case design phase.

Assume you're building a bulletproof CMS for your company. Cost, time, and technology are no issue. You've got developers ready to go with the knowledge and experience to crank out outstanding code. Now, you have to answer the age old CMS question: what steps do you take to ensure that the code entered into the CMS by the user is acceptable for your site? I'm thinking beyond just technically escaping a string to make it able to go into a database--there are considerations for w3 standards, filtering for inappropriate content, spelling, and such conundrums as Microsoft Word code scrubbing. Certainly, there are concerns that I've missed...

2010/08/06

I think the question here is: > > "How do I get exactly what I want from > my users by making input absurdly easy > for them" > > > The only instance where I see users actually needing to use HTML directly in some form of input is when / if they are formatting tabular data. However, in that case, its much easier to give them a form that can do the same, or any one of the popular grids available in various libraries. I think the golden rule, at least for me is, use a system of markup that is not HTML, which your form handlers can then use to construct beautiful, standards compliant and semantically correct HTML. Third party scanners can (normally) detect most problems with uploaded files. I personally like ClamAV - which is available for both \*nix and Windows. That solves the problem of making sure everything is arranged nicely, formatted correctly and no undesirable stuff is being served to visitors, or is it? The other thing you need to do is review any content that they submit, a human being has to have some part in this or stuff is going to be missed. Is that image appropriate? Does that link lead to malware or something else that you would rather not link to? Etc. Providing a flagging mechanism helps, but is always not effective. For instance, if you provide an answer to a two year old question on stackoverflow.com, the question is immediately bumped to the front page where the community is sure to review what was just added. Not all systems are designed with that sort of safeguard in mind. If you do a significant amount of volume when it comes to user contributed content, its probably worth your time to explore using contractors who simply review submissions to make sure inappropriate media / links are weeded out quickly. Or, perhaps you can enlist help from your community of users (if one exists) to do the same, in exchange for some kind of special privileges or extra perks that normal users don't enjoy.

Well, if I was building a CMS (and, actually, I have done) I wouldn't care what content was entered into it, so long as that content can be stored and retrieved. It's not the job of a content-management system to second-guess what is acceptable and what isn't, as it varies depending on usage. All you need to do is ensure the content is moderated (ie. goes through a workflow approval process). This is why you have content editors, whose job it is to review content that is entered and then decide what should be published, what should be rejected and what needs tidying up. Whilst it's relatively easy to tidy-up WYSIWYG content programmatically, it takes a human to really decide if content is suitable for publication. Never let users enter content directly into your site - always review it.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

Social Sound Design :-)

I like Mix magazine quite a bit

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

I like Mix magazine quite a bit

Mix, SSD, Designing Sound, Sound Works, Audiomedia. The net is a great way for me to network and find out what other people are doing. It has become so exciting.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

Social Sound Design :-)

I read Resolution and AudioMedia

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

Social Sound Design :-)

TapeOp Signal to Noise

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

Social Sound Design :-)

The [Soundworks Collection](http://soundworkscollection.com/) usually yields some interesting and inspirational content from professionals in the film world.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

Social Sound Design :-)

Mix, SSD, Designing Sound, Sound Works, Audiomedia. The net is a great way for me to network and find out what other people are doing. It has become so exciting.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

I read Resolution and AudioMedia

Mix, SSD, Designing Sound, Sound Works, Audiomedia. The net is a great way for me to network and find out what other people are doing. It has become so exciting.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

TapeOp Signal to Noise

Mix, SSD, Designing Sound, Sound Works, Audiomedia. The net is a great way for me to network and find out what other people are doing. It has become so exciting.

i'm frequently reading the famous Sound On Sound... but noticed it's only about 30% of the content there which i find interesting... it's too gear-oriented, almost like reading a tech manual sometimes. i'm looking for something that combines gear reviews, technique and also some conceptual stuff, audio art, interviews, etc. any recommendations?

2010/10/10

The [Soundworks Collection](http://soundworkscollection.com/) usually yields some interesting and inspirational content from professionals in the film world.

Mix, SSD, Designing Sound, Sound Works, Audiomedia. The net is a great way for me to network and find out what other people are doing. It has become so exciting.

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

What is being said: > > **Q:** Do you want a hotdog? > > > **A1:** I'm okay/That's okay. Thanks. > > **A2:** I'm good/I'm cool/I'm fine. > **A3.** That's OK. Thanks > > > What isn't being said, but might be implied: > > **Q:** Do you want to change your present situation by adding a hotdog to it? > > > **A1:** I'm okay the way I am. Thank you for offering to give me a hot dog. > > **A2:** My present situation is good/cool/fine. > > > Note that all of these responses (*I'm okay, I'm good, I'm fine, I'm cool*) are casual speech, to varying degrees. I would use them with my friends, or my employer, but maybe not with my prospective employer. For example, in a job interview, I might say *I'm fine, thank you* but not *I'm cool, thank you.* If the president offered me the hotdog, I would either just say *No thank you,* or, most likely, accept the hot dog. --- Note: This usage of *I'm OK* is fairly common in the U.S. (At least on the west coast.) To my ear, it is virtually interchangeable with *"That's OK."* @DavidRicherby indicates in the comments above and below that *"I'm OK"* is used in British English, but *"That's OK"* is not (at least not in this sense.)

Usually, *that's okay* (or *it's okay*) is a phrase often used in the sense of *don't worry about it*, *it's not a problem* etc. For example: > > * A: I'm so sorry I scratched your car! > * B: That's okay, don't worry about it. > > > In the example sentence you have given, people would more often say *I'm okay*, which is the same as *I'm good* and is basically just an indirect and polite way of saying *no, thank you*. Example: > > * A: Would you like a hotdog? > * B: I'm okay, thanks. > > > B's answer might just as well have been: > > No, thank you, I'm good. > > > The *I'm good* is not necessary in the sentence, but I hope you get the point that there are many different ways of formulating the meaning of B's answer.

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

Usually, *that's okay* (or *it's okay*) is a phrase often used in the sense of *don't worry about it*, *it's not a problem* etc. For example: > > * A: I'm so sorry I scratched your car! > * B: That's okay, don't worry about it. > > > In the example sentence you have given, people would more often say *I'm okay*, which is the same as *I'm good* and is basically just an indirect and polite way of saying *no, thank you*. Example: > > * A: Would you like a hotdog? > * B: I'm okay, thanks. > > > B's answer might just as well have been: > > No, thank you, I'm good. > > > The *I'm good* is not necessary in the sentence, but I hope you get the point that there are many different ways of formulating the meaning of B's answer.

In your example, I like to think of "that's okay" as an abbreviation of this response: > > A: "Would you like a hot dog?" > > > B: "No, you can keep it and *that's okay*." > > > In other words, it could be said that B is expressing that they won't be upset if they don't get the hot dog from A.

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

What is being said: > > **Q:** Do you want a hotdog? > > > **A1:** I'm okay/That's okay. Thanks. > > **A2:** I'm good/I'm cool/I'm fine. > **A3.** That's OK. Thanks > > > What isn't being said, but might be implied: > > **Q:** Do you want to change your present situation by adding a hotdog to it? > > > **A1:** I'm okay the way I am. Thank you for offering to give me a hot dog. > > **A2:** My present situation is good/cool/fine. > > > Note that all of these responses (*I'm okay, I'm good, I'm fine, I'm cool*) are casual speech, to varying degrees. I would use them with my friends, or my employer, but maybe not with my prospective employer. For example, in a job interview, I might say *I'm fine, thank you* but not *I'm cool, thank you.* If the president offered me the hotdog, I would either just say *No thank you,* or, most likely, accept the hot dog. --- Note: This usage of *I'm OK* is fairly common in the U.S. (At least on the west coast.) To my ear, it is virtually interchangeable with *"That's OK."* @DavidRicherby indicates in the comments above and below that *"I'm OK"* is used in British English, but *"That's OK"* is not (at least not in this sense.)

The meaning can almost always be understood based on the context, but you're right in thinking there can be ambiguous usage. Here is an ambiguous example. > > Cashier: Would you like a plastic bag? > > > Customer: That's okay. > > > Written out, this might look like the customer is accepting the bag, but if it's said with the right inflection, it can sound like s/he is declining.

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

Usually, *that's okay* (or *it's okay*) is a phrase often used in the sense of *don't worry about it*, *it's not a problem* etc. For example: > > * A: I'm so sorry I scratched your car! > * B: That's okay, don't worry about it. > > > In the example sentence you have given, people would more often say *I'm okay*, which is the same as *I'm good* and is basically just an indirect and polite way of saying *no, thank you*. Example: > > * A: Would you like a hotdog? > * B: I'm okay, thanks. > > > B's answer might just as well have been: > > No, thank you, I'm good. > > > The *I'm good* is not necessary in the sentence, but I hope you get the point that there are many different ways of formulating the meaning of B's answer.

I think it’s in the meaning of that or it are prounouns used to describe their state of being regarding the item spoken for example “do you want some cake” the reply of “that/it’s ok” would be a shortened form of “that state of being (referring to having enough cake) is satisfied” or “it (referring again to said state of being) is satisfied”

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

I think if B does not want a hot dog, she will say > > No thanks. That's okay. > > > Which means, no thanks (and it's fine with me that you get one, even though I don't want one).

I think it’s in the meaning of that or it are prounouns used to describe their state of being regarding the item spoken for example “do you want some cake” the reply of “that/it’s ok” would be a shortened form of “that state of being (referring to having enough cake) is satisfied” or “it (referring again to said state of being) is satisfied”

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

The meaning can almost always be understood based on the context, but you're right in thinking there can be ambiguous usage. Here is an ambiguous example. > > Cashier: Would you like a plastic bag? > > > Customer: That's okay. > > > Written out, this might look like the customer is accepting the bag, but if it's said with the right inflection, it can sound like s/he is declining.

I think if B does not want a hot dog, she will say > > No thanks. That's okay. > > > Which means, no thanks (and it's fine with me that you get one, even though I don't want one).

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

What is being said: > > **Q:** Do you want a hotdog? > > > **A1:** I'm okay/That's okay. Thanks. > > **A2:** I'm good/I'm cool/I'm fine. > **A3.** That's OK. Thanks > > > What isn't being said, but might be implied: > > **Q:** Do you want to change your present situation by adding a hotdog to it? > > > **A1:** I'm okay the way I am. Thank you for offering to give me a hot dog. > > **A2:** My present situation is good/cool/fine. > > > Note that all of these responses (*I'm okay, I'm good, I'm fine, I'm cool*) are casual speech, to varying degrees. I would use them with my friends, or my employer, but maybe not with my prospective employer. For example, in a job interview, I might say *I'm fine, thank you* but not *I'm cool, thank you.* If the president offered me the hotdog, I would either just say *No thank you,* or, most likely, accept the hot dog. --- Note: This usage of *I'm OK* is fairly common in the U.S. (At least on the west coast.) To my ear, it is virtually interchangeable with *"That's OK."* @DavidRicherby indicates in the comments above and below that *"I'm OK"* is used in British English, but *"That's OK"* is not (at least not in this sense.)

I think it’s in the meaning of that or it are prounouns used to describe their state of being regarding the item spoken for example “do you want some cake” the reply of “that/it’s ok” would be a shortened form of “that state of being (referring to having enough cake) is satisfied” or “it (referring again to said state of being) is satisfied”

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

In your example, I like to think of "that's okay" as an abbreviation of this response: > > A: "Would you like a hot dog?" > > > B: "No, you can keep it and *that's okay*." > > > In other words, it could be said that B is expressing that they won't be upset if they don't get the hot dog from A.

I think if B does not want a hot dog, she will say > > No thanks. That's okay. > > > Which means, no thanks (and it's fine with me that you get one, even though I don't want one).

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

Usually, *that's okay* (or *it's okay*) is a phrase often used in the sense of *don't worry about it*, *it's not a problem* etc. For example: > > * A: I'm so sorry I scratched your car! > * B: That's okay, don't worry about it. > > > In the example sentence you have given, people would more often say *I'm okay*, which is the same as *I'm good* and is basically just an indirect and polite way of saying *no, thank you*. Example: > > * A: Would you like a hotdog? > * B: I'm okay, thanks. > > > B's answer might just as well have been: > > No, thank you, I'm good. > > > The *I'm good* is not necessary in the sentence, but I hope you get the point that there are many different ways of formulating the meaning of B's answer.

The meaning can almost always be understood based on the context, but you're right in thinking there can be ambiguous usage. Here is an ambiguous example. > > Cashier: Would you like a plastic bag? > > > Customer: That's okay. > > > Written out, this might look like the customer is accepting the bag, but if it's said with the right inflection, it can sound like s/he is declining.

I am confused as to why we say "that is okay" when we don't want someone to do something. For example, A: Do you want a hotdog? B: That's okay. I would think that the means that it is okay to do, since you are saying that it is, quite literally, okay.

2015/06/10

What is being said: > > **Q:** Do you want a hotdog? > > > **A1:** I'm okay/That's okay. Thanks. > > **A2:** I'm good/I'm cool/I'm fine. > **A3.** That's OK. Thanks > > > What isn't being said, but might be implied: > > **Q:** Do you want to change your present situation by adding a hotdog to it? > > > **A1:** I'm okay the way I am. Thank you for offering to give me a hot dog. > > **A2:** My present situation is good/cool/fine. > > > Note that all of these responses (*I'm okay, I'm good, I'm fine, I'm cool*) are casual speech, to varying degrees. I would use them with my friends, or my employer, but maybe not with my prospective employer. For example, in a job interview, I might say *I'm fine, thank you* but not *I'm cool, thank you.* If the president offered me the hotdog, I would either just say *No thank you,* or, most likely, accept the hot dog. --- Note: This usage of *I'm OK* is fairly common in the U.S. (At least on the west coast.) To my ear, it is virtually interchangeable with *"That's OK."* @DavidRicherby indicates in the comments above and below that *"I'm OK"* is used in British English, but *"That's OK"* is not (at least not in this sense.)

In your example, I like to think of "that's okay" as an abbreviation of this response: > > A: "Would you like a hot dog?" > > > B: "No, you can keep it and *that's okay*." > > > In other words, it could be said that B is expressing that they won't be upset if they don't get the hot dog from A.

Reversal of causality is stated as an argument against any `v>c`, like in [this](http://bit.ly/2h2XCtG) thought experiment. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FUy97.png) But if we were a species that used **echolocation** as our primary sense, and the ball was travelling faster than the speed of sound, then wouldn't the train passengers (*in this case too*) experience the reverse order of events ? They would then conclude that nothing can travel faster than sound. What am I getting wrong here ? (I know that there are other ways to show that things can't accelerate to the speed of light.. but I am just asking with reference to the logic of the above thought experiment)

2016/12/19

> > "They would then conclude that nothing can travel faster than sound." > > > Short answer: No. Someone using echolocation to continuously observe objects moving uniformly along straight trajectories would find that some objects remain always "visible", on both the inbound and the outbound legs (at relative subsonic velocities), while others "disappear" after passing by (supersonic velocities). But eventually they would also find that at least some of these "disappearing" supersonic objects may become "visible" again if the observer ran fast enough after them, for instance by riding a train. And then they would necessarily discover that if this works on the ground, it also works on the train, etc. So an echolocating species would be bound to understand that velocities faster than sound are entirely possible. > > Regarding reversal of causality: > > > An observer probing an incoming supersonic object through echolocation would indeed receive return signals in backwards order, in an apparent reversal of causality. Then would loose sight of the target on the outbound leg. The sounds emitted by supersonic objects would likewise be received in backwards order, on both legs. But the correct causal sequence may still be observed by recording position vs. time locally, at any given points along the trajectory. Or the echolocators may discover better means of observation, like e.m. waves. At which point they would also discover the speed of light limit and relativity ;D In any case, the echolocation "reversal of causality" would remain "apparent", as opposed to an actual reversal where events occur in backwards order even when observed through point-local recordings. > > A couple of observations on the train scenario itself: > > > I see two tacit assumptions here: 1. That if the ball is moving faster than the speed of sound relative to the ground, then it is also moving faster than the speed of sound relative to the train. Obviously not necessarily. A ball moving faster than sound relative to the ground may still move slower than sound relative to the train. On the other hand a light pulse is always traveling at the speed of light, in any frame. 2. Possibly that the echolocation signals used by passengers on the train go at the speed of sound relative to the ground, not relative to the carrier medium (air) in the car. Completely untrue as far as sound is concerned. This latter idea reminds me of an anecdote about the first trains designed to go at the "unheard of velocity" of ... 30mph: there was a public outcry against them out of concern that air in the cars would "naturally" swoosh out and leave the passengers in great peril of asphyxiation. The point: the air in the train car remains at rest with respect to the car, but moves at the velocity of the car relative to the ground. Any echolocation signals propagating forward within the car travel faster-than-sound relative to the ground. No such thing happens with light, there is no carrier medium for light that moves along with the train car.

The species in question that used echolocation would experience the sequence of events in the wrong order but their subjective experience is not the objective truth of the causality of the events. It is just their psychological interpretation of the environment which wasn't meant to deal with this ultra rare scenario. The species that used echolocation would conclude that objects CAN move faster than sound because they don't obey causality (assuming they could differentiate that the order is indeed the wrong way round from the type of sound). Whereas it is impossible to witness the scenario in thought experiment so we conclude the opposite that nothing does travel faster than light.

Is there a limit to the number of tiles a city can work? I've noticed that I can purchase and use tiles several spaces away from my city. How far can I go?

2016/10/22

Tiles up to three away from the city center can be selected to be worked. Additionally, the number of citizens is the limiting factor for worked tiles. Let's assume a newly settled city has one citizen. Even if you buy tiles for that city, only one tile will be worked since the city only has one citizen.

Just like in Civ V, the maximum distance that can be worked is 3 tiles away from the city center.

Is there a limit to the number of tiles a city can work? I've noticed that I can purchase and use tiles several spaces away from my city. How far can I go?

2016/10/22

Do note, however, that tiles that are not being worked on can provide adjacency for worked tiles. So buying/improving land that you cannot immediately(or in case of 4 space away, ever) work on can be beneficial, thou the return is significantly reduced. Furthermore, strategic/luxury resource does not need to be worked on to provide you the resource, so improvements on those are good anytime and any distance away.

Just like in Civ V, the maximum distance that can be worked is 3 tiles away from the city center.

Is there a limit to the number of tiles a city can work? I've noticed that I can purchase and use tiles several spaces away from my city. How far can I go?

2016/10/22

Tiles up to three away from the city center can be selected to be worked. Additionally, the number of citizens is the limiting factor for worked tiles. Let's assume a newly settled city has one citizen. Even if you buy tiles for that city, only one tile will be worked since the city only has one citizen.

Do note, however, that tiles that are not being worked on can provide adjacency for worked tiles. So buying/improving land that you cannot immediately(or in case of 4 space away, ever) work on can be beneficial, thou the return is significantly reduced. Furthermore, strategic/luxury resource does not need to be worked on to provide you the resource, so improvements on those are good anytime and any distance away.

As I understand it, with regards to civil claims handled through insurance there are two duties involved: * An insurance company has a duty to defend their client, [in the US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_to_defend) this seems to be inherent in insurance law, [in the UK](https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=867b35d3-e479-4224-b0dd-e1459758f62d) it seems to depend on the insurance covering legal fees (but most do, assume that it is so here) * A lawyer has a duty to act in their client's best interests If a lawyer is acting in such a case where the defendant is an individual, they are likely to be paid by the insurance company and representing the individual. In whose best interest are they required to act? The specific case in question is the result of an car accident, where the insurance company has not made an offer than it is possible for the claimant to accept, has not even acknowledged any offers made by the claimant and I THINK has advised the defendant that they are not required to provide their address to the claimant, even though [it is a legal requirement for them to do so](https://www.gov.uk/vehicle-insurance/if-youre-in-an-accident). I think that if the claimant initiates legal action they shall be required to declare this lack of provision of address, which I suspect will be very much not in the interests of the defendant, possibly even involving criminal charges.

2022/07/20

Generally the insurer appoints a solicitor from its panel and instructs the solicitor to defend the claim in the name of the insured on *the basis of the insurance policy*. In the circumstances the solicitor has two clients, the insured and the insurer - a 'joint retainer'. The solicitor must not behave as if there is a 'primary client' or preferred client. A conflict of interest may arise. The solicitor has a duty not to act in the matter if there is a conflict of interest or a significant risk of one. The solicitor should ensure the insurer is aware of its duty to have regard to its own interests and the insured's interests. If the solicitor gets this wrong the insured may have a cause of action against the solicitor for breach of contract; the solicitor may face disciplinary proceedings for breaching the solicitor's Code of Conduct; a complaint could be addressed to the Legal Ombudsman (which may award compensation).

There is no conflict -------------------- The insurer has a right of subrogation - a right to stand in the shoes of the insured. This is a common law principle but is almost always a contractural provision of the policy. That means that once the insurer has agreed to indemnify the insured, the insurer has the absolute right to decide how to resolve the case. Since they are on the hook for the money, they get to call the shots. They can decide to settle or to fight and, if they fight, they can decide the strategy. The lawyer works for the insurer and does not work for the insured. The insured’s only involvement is to provide information/testimony as and when requested. Normal practice is for the insured to forward any correspondence they receive to their insurer. If the insured is concerned that the insurer is not complying with the policy, they need to hire their own lawyer to resolve that dispute.

How do I specify the image for the Setting in the iPhone for my iPhone app? What are the requirements for the images?

2010/02/03

> > In addition to the settings bundle, your application bundle can contain a custom icon for your application settings. If a file with the name Icon-Settings.png is located in the top of your application’s bundle directory, that icon is used to identify your application preferences in the Settings application. If no such image file is present, the Settings application uses your application’s icon file (Icon.png by default) instead, scaling it as necessary. Your Icon-Settings.png file should be a 29 x 29 pixel image. > > > From ["Application Preferences"](http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/ApplicationSettings/ApplicationSettings.html)

And to add to Squeegy's comment -- the docs state that if you don't include an image file named Icon-Settings.png, it will use the icon.png from the app. But there are times (Notifications screen) which actually don't default to the icon.png name, and you need to specify the name (icon.png) in your info.plist file. Good practice to do it.

How do I specify the image for the Setting in the iPhone for my iPhone app? What are the requirements for the images?

2010/02/03

> > In addition to the settings bundle, your application bundle can contain a custom icon for your application settings. If a file with the name Icon-Settings.png is located in the top of your application’s bundle directory, that icon is used to identify your application preferences in the Settings application. If no such image file is present, the Settings application uses your application’s icon file (Icon.png by default) instead, scaling it as necessary. Your Icon-Settings.png file should be a 29 x 29 pixel image. > > > From ["Application Preferences"](http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/ApplicationSettings/ApplicationSettings.html)

From the newest "iPhone Human Interface Guides", you should update your application bundle so that it contains only the "Icon-Small.png", instead of "Icon-Settings.png".

How do I specify the image for the Setting in the iPhone for my iPhone app? What are the requirements for the images?

2010/02/03

From the newest "iPhone Human Interface Guides", you should update your application bundle so that it contains only the "Icon-Small.png", instead of "Icon-Settings.png".

And to add to Squeegy's comment -- the docs state that if you don't include an image file named Icon-Settings.png, it will use the icon.png from the app. But there are times (Notifications screen) which actually don't default to the icon.png name, and you need to specify the name (icon.png) in your info.plist file. Good practice to do it.

I need to forward (equivalent of BCC) all messages to/from a given user to another user on Exchange server 2003. Is this possible? I can do it for inbound using [How to add an email forwarding in Exchange 2003](https://serverfault.com/questions/33261/how-to-add-an-email-forwarding-in-exchange-2003) but it doesn't apply to outbound messages. (I also realize if the user is sending directly to another SMTP server, this would not be possible - I just need it to work when they are sending through Exchange).

2009/09/21

You can do this for all incoming messages by configuring the delivery options on the Exchange General tab of the user properties in ADUC. AFAIK, there's no way to natively do it for outgoing messages in Exchange 2003.

In a former life I did this with public folders (long story, a bit of a kludge but it worked), but I've got a feeling the outgoing copy had to be a client-side rule.

How feasible was Project Orion and how feasible would it be if started today? Specifically, what would be the real world impact of nuclear fallout? And, would there be methods to mitigate or eliminate the fallout, so Project Orion could became a realistic method of space travel?

2013/07/31

> > How feasible was Project Orion and how feasible would it be if started > today? > > > In general, the only limitation on space flight has been political capital. Project Orion would thrive in an environment in which there was substantial interest (~500B USD range) in interstellar but not enough resources (~3-5T USD) or time (requiring space based solar) for development of antimatter propulsion. If you gave NASA half a trillion dollars and told them to build an interstellar Project Orion, I'm sure that all the technical problems would be worked out relatively quickly. Specifically addressing some common concerns, I'd expect it to be assembled in orbit from predominately asteroids pulled in by gravity tractors. There isn't any particular reason to assembly such a large craft in a gravity well. While the proposed pure-fusion detonators have not been developed, there hasn't been reason to. Regardless, launching large amounts of fissile material to seed detonators, while costly, is still exclusively a question of political capital. Space elevator is also always an option, especially for multiple vehicles. I think the main difference would be that, given this implementation rather than a from surface launch, there's little to no reason not to employ existing crew to orbit methods and then use nuclear reactors powering ion thrusters, as it scales considerably better. However, if nuclear pulse detonation was, for any reason (including surface launch) desired, it certainly could be done. > > Specifically, what would be the real world impact of nuclear fallout? > > > I don't think a surface launch would be pursued today under almost any circumstances, including systemic failure of the planet to sustain life, due to the increased efficiency of orbital assembly. However, polar launches would largely reduce fallout, as would using conventional detonations from the launch pad for the initial pulse. *Overall, however, this in an unresolved problem*. However, Freeman Dyson estimated on the order of a single death (from cancer through radiation) from each launch, and this is likely fairly reasonable, especially given the astounding number of nuclear detonations that have already occured worldwide. > > And, would there be methods to mitigate or eliminate the fallout, so Project Orion could became a realistic method of space travel? > > > While I've outlined a few things, I'll summarize here: 1. Polar launch 2. Conventional initial pulse 3. Orbital assembly 4. Antimatter propulsion The most important thing to stress though is that *Project Orion is a realistic method of space travel*. The consequences of launch would likely be negligible, the investment would likely generate enough new knowledge to pay for itself, and the value of having life off-planet as an insurance policy is incalculably valuable. Personally I favor holding off for antimatter for humans and nuclear powered ion for cargo, but if we had to launch in 2020 (possibly sooner?), Project Orion could do it. Happy travels!

My impression is that while Orion would have worked that there are better ways, perhaps long-range laser powered flight which in the 1950s I don't was imagined since lasers did not exist.

How feasible was Project Orion and how feasible would it be if started today? Specifically, what would be the real world impact of nuclear fallout? And, would there be methods to mitigate or eliminate the fallout, so Project Orion could became a realistic method of space travel?

2013/07/31

"How feasible" is a very large question. Technically feasible? They had found no show-stoppers by the time the project was cancelled, but acknowledged that it could only be proven by taking the next step and testing hardware. Testing might have (or probably would have, depending on who you ask) reveal that the pusher plate would be destroyed, even with the oil spray between blasts. What makes Orion so heartbreaking is that it was cancelled at the peak of its promise, before we had a chance to see a pusher plate in an underground cavern get torn to shreds by Test Pulse Number Five. Or survive. We may never know. Environmentally feasible? Fission bombs can be made cleaner, but not actually clean. There would be fallout. Even if the launch scenario minimizes ground burst effects, and even if the bombs were engineered with boron to "eat" a lot of their own radiation, fallout would still be orders of magnitude above what society is prepared to accept. Any hint of "fourth generation nukes" that initiate fusion without a fission trigger is empty hype. Design a "low-fallout" Orion and launch it, and within 48 hours radiation monitors worldwide would know it. Geo-politically, the only entities who could build and test Orion are the ones most invested in nuclear non-proliferation. Even if it's launching a peaceful scientific payload, Orion carries nukes into space, thereby "militarizing" it. It requires treaty exceptions or violations, and those treaties work as well as they do because there *are* no exceptions. So as I see it (sorry, speculating here) the only way Orion could move forward would be in response to an extinction-level threat. Asteroid collision is the most commonly cited one, but global warming might be more realistic. Sea levels rise and we start losing cities, and the global perception of risk changes. Suddenly we want to move hundreds of tons of particulates into the upper atmosphere, or deploy a hundred massive solar sails at the earth-sun L1 point to reduce solar heating by 2% worldwide. Then, and only then, do treaty exceptions get made and the project gets authorization to build a pusher plate test article and begin underground testing with real nukes. Sadly, that's probably when some nice people at Las Alamos come forward and say "Just for kicks we computer modeled this in 2008. The pusher plate definitely does not survive. Don't bother building it."

My impression is that while Orion would have worked that there are better ways, perhaps long-range laser powered flight which in the 1950s I don't was imagined since lasers did not exist.

I have 3 monitors running on Windows 7. according to windows monitor numbers 1. Samsung TV(in another room connected via HDMI) 2. My main Samsung LCD DVI1 3. Secondary 17" monitor DVI2  #2 is the only one that's always on. it is set as my main display. In monitor settings I go in and extend desktop to the TV or my other monitor; whenever I do this, all my applications pop over from #2 to the newly added monitor, whether it's the TV or the 17". This is really annoying especially in the case of the TV because it's in a different room and I can't see the windows anymore. The Winkey+Shit+rightarrow shortcut is nice, but still a pain and doesn't always work (esp w/ programs that have floating toolbars that get moved over but don't always come back) I'd just mirror my monitor on the TV except they're different resolutions and my main monitor looks dumb getting scaled down to 1920x1200. Is there any way to stop this from happening? Any external monitor/sound handling situation that makes things generally more straightforward would be welcome as well (especially if it can easily handle switching my audio output-- right now I have a hsortcut set up with autohotkey).

2012/05/13

I wonder if this will still happen if you defined the Samsung LCD as #1, rather than #2. I don't have a multi-monitor setup to test on, but maybe Windows leaves alone the windows in the primary monitor once a new secondary is connected. If this doesn't work, maybe you could try to create a script that will reorganize your monitors using the freeware [Display Changer](http://12noon.com/?page_id=80), a command-line utility that can configure all the properties of a monitor including its relative position to the primary monitor. You could create a shortcut to a batch file invoking it and assign it a hotkey (as the screen disappears out on you). A commercial product that can move windows automatically is [ZMover](http://www.basta.com/Product.aspx?pid=11) ($19.95), but I don't know if it will work in your case.

Unfortunately, it looks like it’s impossible. The multimonitor support in Windows is very basic and doesn’t remember which monitor you opened the app on. :(

I setup a Citadel Mail Server on a RPI 3B+. I have DNS setup, port forwarding, and port open on firewall. When I enter through the webmail portal, I can send and receive mail just fine. The issue that I am having is with mail clients. I can use IMAP and POP just fine to receive mail with my credentials just fine also. Whenever I try to send mail using a client (tried a couple different ones), it fails on sending. Right now, I am not using SSL until I get it working on the basic port. The devices I am trying are local devices that do not pass a firewall. With sender authentication turned on, it always says invalid login even though the same login works for IMAP and POP. Turned off it says it requires a login. For some reason it rejects logins to send mail even if they are a valid user on the system. Works 100% though with the same user on the webmail portal. Any ideas on how to get this working? Let me know if more info is required.

2019/01/02

Not fully an answer, but since nobody is responding to this I will add the conclusion I got to when doing more research. Uninstall Citadel and find a tutorial for Postfix and Dovecot for RPI. I have it mostly working, but have a bit of work to do with StartTLS.

I am right there with you. I have an issue where I am attempting to attach an Outlook client to the server and it will validate IMAP just fine - but continues to blow errors on the SMTP portion on port 465. It's the same account, same password - but nothing I try - no conflicts with any ports etc seem to work. I give up - especially since the documentation is all over the place - took a couple hours to figure out that 1 - You NEED to use letsencrypt to generate certs. Using self signed gives you unpredictable results. Oh and you need to put them in the right place - and not /etc/ssl/citadel. It goes into the /usr area. 2 - the locations of where it puts things are a haphazard jumble of google-fu to try and find - and half the documentation links are dead so.... I'm with you - Since I've learned what I need for DNS entries with my host such as proper A records, MX records and such, setting up signed auth certs with the lets encrypt cert bot etc, I could have used the several hours wasted on Citadel and setup a real stack with Postfix and Dovecot.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

Because they are cheaper and lower-tech - no need for tricky semiconductor devices. Also, switching electronics for high-power devices (1-5kW+, 1000V+) is tricky to implement (but nothing modern electronics can't handle). Sometimes companies produce crap just because it's cheaper & gives some long-term income on maintenance, or they just have 50 years old production line deep in China's village which is nearly free to operate.

A brushed motor can be driven with direct current, while a brushless motor requires the drive current to be electronically commutated. The electronics for this add cost and complexity.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

Because they are cheaper and lower-tech - no need for tricky semiconductor devices. Also, switching electronics for high-power devices (1-5kW+, 1000V+) is tricky to implement (but nothing modern electronics can't handle). Sometimes companies produce crap just because it's cheaper & gives some long-term income on maintenance, or they just have 50 years old production line deep in China's village which is nearly free to operate.

Why do we have brush motors? Mainly because they are cheap and easy to construct. I can (and have, on multiple occasions) constucted a brushed DC motor with nothing more than cheap wire, thread or tape, a paper clip, a scrap of wood, and thumb tacks. A cheap permanent magnet makes things easier but is not necessary. Also, as Georg partially pointed out, you get higher (power/weight) with brushed motors.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

Because they are cheaper and lower-tech - no need for tricky semiconductor devices. Also, switching electronics for high-power devices (1-5kW+, 1000V+) is tricky to implement (but nothing modern electronics can't handle). Sometimes companies produce crap just because it's cheaper & gives some long-term income on maintenance, or they just have 50 years old production line deep in China's village which is nearly free to operate.

Others have covered servicing and cost issues well .There is still a place for the brushed motor when it has a series would field .Remember that BLDC motors have rotating permannet magnets which are not as strong as an electromagnet .This means that the BLDC motor wont make as much torque and its characteristics are more like a shunt wound motor.The BLDC motor can spin much faster without flying apart due to its simple robust rotor so if you gear it down you can get the torque back.Most electric motors are thermally limited so the better cooling characteristics of the BLDC combined with higher RPM give a higher continious horsepower rating.However the peak torque of the series wound brushed motor is greatest .This is why the electric drag people use them and win .I guess that if reduction gearing is not an option then the series brushed motor is useful.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

A brushed motor can be driven with direct current, while a brushless motor requires the drive current to be electronically commutated. The electronics for this add cost and complexity.

Why do we have brush motors? Mainly because they are cheap and easy to construct. I can (and have, on multiple occasions) constucted a brushed DC motor with nothing more than cheap wire, thread or tape, a paper clip, a scrap of wood, and thumb tacks. A cheap permanent magnet makes things easier but is not necessary. Also, as Georg partially pointed out, you get higher (power/weight) with brushed motors.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

A brushed motor can be driven with direct current, while a brushless motor requires the drive current to be electronically commutated. The electronics for this add cost and complexity.

Others have covered servicing and cost issues well .There is still a place for the brushed motor when it has a series would field .Remember that BLDC motors have rotating permannet magnets which are not as strong as an electromagnet .This means that the BLDC motor wont make as much torque and its characteristics are more like a shunt wound motor.The BLDC motor can spin much faster without flying apart due to its simple robust rotor so if you gear it down you can get the torque back.Most electric motors are thermally limited so the better cooling characteristics of the BLDC combined with higher RPM give a higher continious horsepower rating.However the peak torque of the series wound brushed motor is greatest .This is why the electric drag people use them and win .I guess that if reduction gearing is not an option then the series brushed motor is useful.

Looks like brushless motors are more convenient - no brushes means no maintenance required. For example, power tools manufacturers often cite that graphite brushes need to be replaced every 50 hours of continuous use. I'd think that this alone should make brushless motors much more convenient. Still most power tools use brushed motors. What's the reason to use brushed motors instead of brushless motors?

2011/06/20

Why do we have brush motors? Mainly because they are cheap and easy to construct. I can (and have, on multiple occasions) constucted a brushed DC motor with nothing more than cheap wire, thread or tape, a paper clip, a scrap of wood, and thumb tacks. A cheap permanent magnet makes things easier but is not necessary. Also, as Georg partially pointed out, you get higher (power/weight) with brushed motors.

Others have covered servicing and cost issues well .There is still a place for the brushed motor when it has a series would field .Remember that BLDC motors have rotating permannet magnets which are not as strong as an electromagnet .This means that the BLDC motor wont make as much torque and its characteristics are more like a shunt wound motor.The BLDC motor can spin much faster without flying apart due to its simple robust rotor so if you gear it down you can get the torque back.Most electric motors are thermally limited so the better cooling characteristics of the BLDC combined with higher RPM give a higher continious horsepower rating.However the peak torque of the series wound brushed motor is greatest .This is why the electric drag people use them and win .I guess that if reduction gearing is not an option then the series brushed motor is useful.

Despite all our attempts, we could not get past the password entry popup. Usually, this is an issue with an incorrect password or a "head-space and timing issue", but we've confirmed the password to the KeyStore App is correct. We are attempting to sign our javafx 17 application in order to submit it to the mac app store. We've followed the instructions from Apple to create the certificate, and from the docs on Install4j to upload the certificate. After attempting several times and checking the KeyChain password we still continue to fail - see image below. I've also allowed full access to the certificate in the keyChain app by double clicking the certificate -> Access Control and checking "Allow all applications to access the item". Despite the certificate being unrestricted, we could not get past the password entry. Install4j Docs on code-signing: <https://www.ej-technologies.com/resources/install4j/v/8.0/help/doc/concepts/codeSigning.html> Preparing your app for distribution: <https://developer.apple.com/macos/distribution/> Signing you apps for GateKeeper -- Apple id for apps distributed outside the Mac Store: <https://developer.apple.com/developer-id/> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kl84T.png) Has anyone had a similar issue with Install4j 9.0.7? What was the solution? --update: Upon further inspection, the EJ Technologies Install4j docs describe that the certificate "Subject Name" must be "Developer ID Application". I am not sure if this is an accurate description. The certificate's Subject Name, Common Name is "Developer ID Application:MyDeveloperName(123.....)". There is no option from apple to give the Certificate a Subject Name. I'm also not sure if this is related to the password problem.

2022/07/25

If you have created the certificate signing request with a private key that uses elliptic curve cryptography, it will not work in 9.0.7. Contact support@ej-technologies.com for a build that will work in this case. Also, please make sure to select both the public and the private key before exporting from the KeyChain app. > > I've also allowed full access to the certificate in the keyChain app by double > clicking the certificate -> Access Control and checking "Allow all applications > to access the item" > > > Don't do that, install4j does not access the KeyChain, it works with the PKCS#11 keystore that you export from it and you set a password during export for full access. > > The certificate's Subject Name, Common Name is "Developer ID > Application:MyDeveloperName(123.....)". There is no option from apple to give > the Certificate a Subject Name. I'm also not sure if this is related to the > password problem. > > > No, that is fine, "Developer ID Application" is the type of the certificate. However, regarding: > > We are attempting to sign our javafx 17 application in order to submit it to > the mac app store. > > > This will not work with a "Developer ID Application" certificate which is only suitable for standalone distribution. Submitting to the App Store will be supported in the upcoming install4j 10 (very soon). You need different certificates for that and it is not possible to create a signed artifact with install4j 9 that will be accepted by the App Store.

-- Solution: Based on the answer provided by Ingo Kegel we were successful in 1) bundling our application into a DMG, 2) signing it, and 3) getting it notarized by Apple using Install4j. Here is a description of what worked. 1. There are multiple passwords needed. We further had problems with other passwords. After Ingo's comments we were able to get through these. Note that the first password is NOT the apple "Keychain Access" app password. It is the password that you set when you create the .pkcs12 file. 2. This post is a supplement to the instructions provided by EJ-Technologies and by Apple in order to show how we solved a few area's that were slightly troubling. 3. Creating a Developer Password with Apple for our application was slightly confusing. After creating the certificateSigningRequest in the "Keychain Access" app, we then needed to create the Application Certificate in the Apple Developer Account (online). Below: The developer account page, click on the "certificates and id's". [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MPkeN.jpg) Below: Next page, click on the plus to add a new certificate. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N9bcy.jpg) Below: Next page, select the "Developer ID Application, then click continue. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CAfX1.jpg) Once Apple had created the certificate we followed the directions to 1) download the cert from apple. It ends with ".cer". 2) install the ".cer" file to your KeyStore app by double clicking on it. This was also problematic and would not install if there was a similar file in the KeyStore App. 3) Export the cert and its related secret to a directory on the hard drive. The certificate and the secret was slightly ambigious. The certificate appears to be a subdirectory of the secret in the KeyStore application. We selected both, and exported them by right clicking on the two. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ua2Au.jpg) The instructions were clear from this point forward. However after successfully passing the password entry, we were then faced with a second password entry popup for Apple's notarization. We are creating a .dmg for MacOS 12. Our JavaFX app had to be signed AND notarized in order for our users to avoid "most" of the warnings by Apple. As mentioned above, install4J asks for the "app specific password" This password had nothing to do with our application, it is an application password between us and install4j. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ggS57.png) I created the password in My Apple user account. Note that this is not from the developer account. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QD7WB.png) In the next screen after clicking here, I simply provided the name "install4j" in the text-entry to describe the password. Also, a Cut and Paste of the password from Apple did not work and caused an error so I pasted the selection from the browser into a text editor and noticed it was wrapped with brackets and several other characters that would make it invalid. Typing the password directly into the install4J text field worked. You will need to save this password for future uploads as well. After correctly entering these passwords, install4j took about a minute to bundle and sign our application, then sent the dmg to Apple for notorization. Notorization took several minutes. When the operation completed, our dmg was created. We tested the .dmg by uploading it to our server and downloading it to another device. Everything worked as expected. Apple still warns the user that "the app is not built by Apple", and "it is downloaded from the internet". For the "inexperianced user", this is much easier than without code-signing and notarization.

I just got a raspberry pi and I want to use it but I don't know how to use it. I tried to plug it into my windows CPU but it didn't work, so how do I use it. I want to code it with python by the way

2021/08/06

It will run by itself, it does not need to be connected to another computer although you can do that. It has a video connector, connect that to a monitor/TV, add a USB keyboard and mouse. Purchase a SD card with the operating system, a power supply (be sure it is the right voltage and supplies enough current) and away you go. Since this is probably just gobbledygook go to this link: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/> The operating system is Linux or a variation thereof so you do not need to program in python, you can use most any language.

See [What you will need](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/setup/) There is extensive documentation <https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/>

A short entry on the NY Times website provides the [Facts and Figures](http://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/facts-figures-pizza-consumption/) of pizza consumption in the United States. I have a casual interest in how statistics are used (or abused) to provide information to general audiences, and a couple questions have arisen based on the statistics presented: * If 1 out of 8 Americans will eat pizza today, does that mean that the average American will eat pizza once every 8 days? There's an assumption here that *every* american eats pizza, which is not the case; however, that raises the question of how to make a valid assumption of how many Americans eat pizza. * It is reported that 25% of a child's caloric intake is pizza. I'll define a child as a 9 year old who is moderately active and [therefore needs](http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/estimated-calorie-requirement) a 2000 calorie daily intake. If we trust Google's estimate that the [number of calories in a pizza slice](https://www.google.com/search?q=calories+in+pizza) is 285, then does that suggest that a child consumes 12 slices of pizza per week on average? (2000 \* 7 \* 0.25 / 285) I suspect my interpretation of the statistics is flawed; it does not seem to me that a child could be part of the 1-out-of-8 Americans eating pizza today while also eating approximately 1.7 slices per day to achieve the 25% caloric intake number.

2014/02/11

To understand the limitation of these data one must understand the structure of [NHANES](http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm). In the 2007-2010 cycle NHANES included two 24-hour dietary recalls as part of the interview process. Children's intakes might be co-reported by a proxy/caretaker. The dietary recalls served to just show on a typical day how Americans eat, it's not meant to be a long-term food preference survey. > > If 1 out of 8 Americans will eat pizza today, does that mean that the > average American will eat pizza once every 8 days? There's an > assumption here that every American eats pizza, which is not the case > > > I don't see this assumption being necessary. It can easity be dispelled if you swap in something that is less modifiable. For instance: 1 out of 2 Americans is male. Apparently we don't need to shapeshift between male and female every other day. > > however, that raises the question of how to make a valid assumption of > how many Americans eat pizza. > > > I agree, as I have described above NHANES is not meant to report preference. At best we can just assume that today, our best guess is that 1 out of 8 Americans would be consuming pizza. > > It is reported that 25% of a child's caloric intake is pizza. I'll > define a child as a 9 year old who is moderately active and therefore > needs a 2000 calorie daily intake. If we trust Google's estimate that > the number of calories in a pizza slice is 285, then does that suggest > that a child consumes 12 slices of pizza per week on average? (2000 \* > 7 \* 0.25 / 285) > > > I don't think if I understand your concern, but please read the original release [here](http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf). On page 3, it says that the 25% energy contribution only applies to children **who had had pizza** on the sampled day. For general US children population, the total energy contribution of pizza drops to 4%. So, if some children have pizza on a given day and if their total daily calories end up being 2000 kcal, then the pizza would likely contribute around 25% of it. According to your pizza calorie number (285 kcal/slice), the children usually consume about two slices. Also notice that the 2000 kcal I quoted here is the observed total calories, not "required calories" as you pointed out. From the report, I don't think they use any dietary guidelines (aka ideal amounts of nutrients and energy) as their denominator.

Regarding your first bullet point, bear in mind that people are heterogeneous. There is a small proportion of people who eat pizza constantly (say, some college freshmen), a lot of people who eat it occasionally, and some people who never eat pizza. It is worth always remembering that there is no "average American". The confusion that you are recognizing is an instance of what economists call the [ecological fallacy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_fallacy). In essence, this is assuming that what is true of an aggregate (e.g., all Americans) must be true of the components (e.g., each individual American). It is hard for me to think how a newspaper might try to briefly state the statistics at issue and preempt this possible confusion without being pedantic or trying to give a statistics lesson. As critical as I am on occasion of the news media, this is a genuinely difficult task and they have competing demands. I suppose they could say, "because some people eat pizza so frequently, on a typical day one in eight Americans is eating pizza (albeit from day to day many of these are the same people)". As to your question about how we can validly conclude the proportion of Americans who eat pizza, without more information, all we can say is that the proportion must be within the interval from 12.5% to 100%. Based only on loose familiarity with analogous phenomena, I would guess the distribution follows a [power law](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_law).

Is there any way to tell what the internal designations of an airline mean? Looking at Delta's seat maps for the 757, Delta has a couple of kinds, but what's the difference? Boeing 75A Boeing 75M Boeing 75S Boeing 75G I know they're slightly different configurations for different routes, over water etc, but can what type is used on what route/configuration or what the designations mean be found somewhere? Is there a place where these are defined for airlines of the world?

2016/09/06

These are internal references for Delta's large fleet of 757s, and they represent modifications (such as ETOPs, variations with winglets, etc.) As you may know, Delta and Northwest merged so a lot of these aircraft are ex-NW aircraft which have been merged into the Delta fleet. They differ mainly in the amenities (some have lie-flat seats, or overhead video); and others are certified for ETOPs (a fancy way of saying the aircraft is certified to fly over water far away from land). The 75A is a variant of the 757-200ER (Extended Range). This aircraft is most commonly used on Asia routes as it is ETOPS enabled. These are almost exclusively ex-Northwest aircraft. These aircraft have overhead video. The 75M is used on domestic flights; and has on-board wifi; but that's about it. Its a variant inherited from the NW merger. The [75S](http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/airports-and-aircraft/Aircraft/boeing-757-200-75s.html) is one with winglets and in-seat power, and in-seat entertainment. The [75G](http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/airports-and-aircraft/Aircraft/boeing-757-200-75g.html) is an older variant that has very little in terms of creature comforts. One place to find these (other than seatguru) is planespotters.net which keeps an [updated list of airline inventory](https://www.planespotters.net/production-list/search?fleet=Delta-Air-Lines&manufacturer=Boeing&subtype=757-200&fleetStatus=current)

The 75G vs 75A nomenclature is Delta's in house numbering, not an industry standard. Each airline configures each aircraft it buys in whatever interior configuration they feel best suited for the route(s) intended for that aircraft. Delta's multiplicity of 757 variants is not the norm, rather is due to the merging of aircraft from Delta, Delta Song and Northwest. On the other hand you do have numbered variants, like 737-200, 737-400, 737-900, these are actually designated by the manufacturer and refer to the different versions of the aircraft's structure (body length, wing design, fuel capacity, engine acceptance, etc). As for determining which is to be used for which route, some of the Delta seat maps mention a configuration's usage, such as "Hawaii routes" or "transcontinental". But as airlines switch aircraft around to best meet load needs, they are not guaranteed.

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

In California the insurer is required to allow you to use any shop you want and to notify you of that fact. As others have said, you don't have to get it fixed, though if you have a loan the check may name your lender as well because your lender will want to make sure they have enough security for the loan. It is reasonable to be concerned that the recommended body shop will have the insurer as its primary customer-if they lose that designation it is a disaster. That said, it is difficult for the consumer to evaluate the job a body shop does. I have had a few repairs done by shops my insurer recommends and have had no trouble. You need to investigate them just like you would any other one you would choose. The insurer makes it easy to deal with the recommended shop by accepting their bill, paying them directly, and giving a warranty on the work. I would expect the recommended shop gives the insurer a quantity discount, but that is not your problem.

If take the money and don't fix the car the insurance company will drop the physical damage coverage on that car until it's fixed. If there is no loan on the car you don't have to fix it but ins co won't continue comp and coll till it's fixed. Otherwise next accident they have to pay for it again

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

For 2) and 3), other reasons is that insurance companies to not want to send you a check and you either keep it without making the repairs or finding a cheap repair shop and pocketing the difference. The purpose of their service is to protect you from large unexpected expenses, not for you to profit from them. So they partner with local repair shops to ensure that the work that they pay for is completed to their standards.

If you don't fix the bumper, the next accident may cause even more damage because the bumper couldn't adequately protect the rest of the car. Or, you don't fix it now, another accident occurs, and you get the same thing repaired...or not after dinging the insurance company for more money.

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

For 2) and 3), other reasons is that insurance companies to not want to send you a check and you either keep it without making the repairs or finding a cheap repair shop and pocketing the difference. The purpose of their service is to protect you from large unexpected expenses, not for you to profit from them. So they partner with local repair shops to ensure that the work that they pay for is completed to their standards.

If take the money and don't fix the car the insurance company will drop the physical damage coverage on that car until it's fixed. If there is no loan on the car you don't have to fix it but ins co won't continue comp and coll till it's fixed. Otherwise next accident they have to pay for it again

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

1) The insurance company is normally obligated to return your car to the condition it was before the accident. It is between the insurance company and the repair company to decide which is cheapest. They are very good at "welding" plastic nowadays (edit: don't trust me, see other people's comments about welding), my bumper repair looks as good as new. Make sure that you point out the crack to the repair company. 2) It is more risky *not* to use the company's recommended shop. If the actual repair cost exceeds the estimate, things will go more smoothly if you are using a recommended shop. 3) Let the check go to the repair shop. Edit: **Before you downvote, please read my first sentence again**. Blankip has convinced people that my answer is wimpy, that I said that you should cave to the insurance company. The vast majority of people (millions per year), receive good repairs without creating a hassle. For the better insurance companies, your car will go through the same process whether you are at fault or not. So, for customer satisfaction, they are motivated to do good repairs. People are enamored by the rebel answer, but how many people who voted for blankip will actually follow his advice when they have an accident? The OP got the answer that they wanted, but I doubt that we will ever know if the hassle was worth it for the OP.

For 2) and 3), other reasons is that insurance companies to not want to send you a check and you either keep it without making the repairs or finding a cheap repair shop and pocketing the difference. The purpose of their service is to protect you from large unexpected expenses, not for you to profit from them. So they partner with local repair shops to ensure that the work that they pay for is completed to their standards.

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

Without knowing the specifics of your car... My car has what's called a bumper cover - a plastic fascia panel; there is a bumper structure behind it, so the plastic part is more about cosmetics than structure. Last year I had a parking lot hit-and-run leaving my front bumper cracked and dented. Although repair is possible, the end result may not be satisfactory. In my case, the (insurance company preferred) shop replaced the part. It was to my advantage because the shop only needed my car for one day - when I took it in for an estimate, they determined the exact paint match, and then ordered the part. After they received and painted the part, they called me to schedule installation. I dropped the car off in the morning and picked it up that evening. Some 20 years ago, I had a "fender bender" in which the front plastic bumper was badly damaged. To this day I am convinced the part was repaired even though it was quoted as a replacement part. In that case, the car was undriveable after the collision because of the nature of the damage, so it was towed from the collision scene to the shop and remained there until all work was completed. I believe the part was repaired because the paint began to peel in exactly the places where the worst of the damage occurred. This experience makes me doubtful of the long-term quality of a plastic part repair.

If you don't fix the bumper, the next accident may cause even more damage because the bumper couldn't adequately protect the rest of the car. Or, you don't fix it now, another accident occurs, and you get the same thing repaired...or not after dinging the insurance company for more money.

I was rear-ended. There's a crack on the upper part of my bumper and the plastic part of the trunk locking mechanism is broken (though the trunk still closes). The insurance company was pretty insistent that I use one of their recommended auto shops. I asked for a list of auto shops so I could make a choice but they made me pick one over the phone. They wanted to make an appointment for me but I said I wanted to handle it myself, so they sent me the address and phone number. I've been getting lots of calls from the auto shop because the insurance company gave them my information, and let them know I'd be contacting them which is not something that they told me they'd do beforehand. My questions are: 1. Does a crack on the bumper require replacement of the bumper? If so, how much does it cost? 2. Is it risky to use the insurance company's favorite shop? (I'm asking for a quote to get money from the insurance company, instead of getting it repaired.) 3. Why did they not respect my privacy? (Insurance knows I want the check)

2019/09/27

If you don't fix the bumper, the next accident may cause even more damage because the bumper couldn't adequately protect the rest of the car. Or, you don't fix it now, another accident occurs, and you get the same thing repaired...or not after dinging the insurance company for more money.

If take the money and don't fix the car the insurance company will drop the physical damage coverage on that car until it's fixed. If there is no loan on the car you don't have to fix it but ins co won't continue comp and coll till it's fixed. Otherwise next accident they have to pay for it again

I know not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on early versions of ASP.NET. I remember this caused problems, but I don't remember specifically what problems. Does anyone know if this still applies to ASP.NET 2.0? Is there any reason not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on ASP.NET 2.0 or later versions?

2011/02/04

There should be no problems with this. I've done it a few times during development/testing and I even have a site currently running that has strongly named assemblies in the bin folder with no issues. Assemblies are strongly named for a reason (obviously) so you should have a good reason to drop them in the bin folder.

I have not experienced problems with strong named assemblies being put into the bin. I have experienced some Interop problems with strong named assemblies and versioning conflicts, but those were caused by developers compiling older versions of an ComPlus application library into the solution instead of the current or newer version.

I know not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on early versions of ASP.NET. I remember this caused problems, but I don't remember specifically what problems. Does anyone know if this still applies to ASP.NET 2.0? Is there any reason not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on ASP.NET 2.0 or later versions?

2011/02/04

The problem you describe was fixed on .NET 2.0, so you don't need to worry about it anymore. However, beware that if you put a strong-named assembly in the `bin` folder, and an assembly with the same strong name exists in the GAC, then the assembly in the GAC will get loaded.

I have not experienced problems with strong named assemblies being put into the bin. I have experienced some Interop problems with strong named assemblies and versioning conflicts, but those were caused by developers compiling older versions of an ComPlus application library into the solution instead of the current or newer version.

I know not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on early versions of ASP.NET. I remember this caused problems, but I don't remember specifically what problems. Does anyone know if this still applies to ASP.NET 2.0? Is there any reason not to put strongly named assemblies into the bin folder on ASP.NET 2.0 or later versions?

2011/02/04

The problem you describe was fixed on .NET 2.0, so you don't need to worry about it anymore. However, beware that if you put a strong-named assembly in the `bin` folder, and an assembly with the same strong name exists in the GAC, then the assembly in the GAC will get loaded.

There should be no problems with this. I've done it a few times during development/testing and I even have a site currently running that has strongly named assemblies in the bin folder with no issues. Assemblies are strongly named for a reason (obviously) so you should have a good reason to drop them in the bin folder.

I have an automated clicker that's bounded at a click every 10 milliseconds. Is there a limit to how often clicks get processed by the OS? Or if not the OS, is there a hardware dependency?

2009/11/19

The standard polling frequency for USB devices (including mice) is 125hz. However, it is possible to increase this frequency all the way up to 1000hz, so it may be possible to process clicks at that rate (Which would be every 1 ms).

I'd say that 10ms is quite fast enough already. We've all experienced a computer that's thrashing, paging, or just plain slow. If there is a hardware-imposed limit, or an OS-imposed limit, you'll probably never reach it. The speed at which clicks get processed will vary depending on what else the computer is doing at the time.