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The extrinsic pathway of clotting is activated by | {
"A": "Release of tissue thromboplastin",
"B": "Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin",
"C": "Formation of prothrombin",
"D": "Release of calcium"
} | Release of tissue thromboplastin | 0A
| The extrinsic system is triggered by the release of tissue thromboplastin, a protein鈥損hospholipid mixture that activates factor VII. | Physiology | None |
Percentage of endothelial loss in Descemets stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty | {
"A": "5%",
"B": "10 - 20%",
"C": "30 - 40%",
"D": "50 - 60%"
} | 30 - 40% | 2C
| Ans. (c) 30 - 40%Ref: Cornea: July 2007- Volume 26 - Issue 6 p. 670 - 674)Reported mean endothelial cell loss (usually at 6 months post op) varies from 24-59% (with standard deviations) across the studies. | Ophthalmology | Cornea |
A developer at high temperature will cause | {
"A": "Clear white spots on the film",
"B": "Yellow stains",
"C": "Very dark image",
"D": "Very light image"
} | Very dark image | 2C
| None | Radiology | None |
Epithelium lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is? | {
"A": "Simple Columnar",
"B": "Simple Cuboidal",
"C": "Pseudostratified ciliated columnar",
"D": "Stratified squamous epithelium"
} | Stratified squamous epithelium | 3D
| ANSWER: (D) Stratified squamous epitheliumREF: Basic Histology by Lange 11th edition Chapter 17 '"The Respiratory System"See APPENDIX-10 below for "SOME IMPORTANT EPITHELIUM LININGS".The epiglottis is a flap valve that covers the laryngeal airway during swallowing. Thus the epithelium facing the oral cavity is oral epithelium, while the epithelium on the surface facing the airway is respiratory.The entire lingual surface and the apical portion of the laryngeal surface are covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Toward the base of the epiglottis on the laryngeal surface, the epithelium undergoes a transition into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. APPENDIX- 10Common Types of Covering Epithelia in Human BodyTypeCell FormExamples of distributionMain FunctionSimpleSquamousLining of ves sels (endothelium).Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium).Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocvtosis (mesothelium and endothelium), and secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium).CuboidalCovering the ovary, thyroid.Covering, secretion.ColumnarLining of intestine, gallbladder.Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.Pseudost-ratifiedSome columnar and some cuboidalLining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity.Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus.StratifiedSurface layer squamous keratinized (dry)Epidermis.Protection; prevents water loss.Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist)Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal.Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.CuboidalSweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.Protection, secretion.Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the functional state of the organBladder, ureters, renal calyces.Protection, distensibility.ColumnarConjunctiva.Protection. | Anatomy | Epithelium and Intraepithelial Glands |
The nerve commonly damaged during McBurney's incision is - | {
"A": "Subcostal",
"B": "Iliohypogastric",
"C": "11th thoracic",
"D": "10th thoracic"
} | Iliohypogastric | 1B
| "Right inguinal hernia is more common following a grid iron (MC Burney's) incision for appendiccectomy and is due to injury to the iliohypogastric nerve" - Bailey & Love | Surgery | None |