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for image segmentation , fully convolutional neural networks have set the benchmark performance in medical imaging . | recently , deep neural network based methods have lead to breakthroughs in several vision tasks , such as classification . |
we will use this invariance property to construct the noncommutative gauge theory for rational values of the deformation parameter θ . | this will yield the partition function of noncommutative yang-mills theory for any rational value of the noncommutativity parameter θ . |
henff et al used linear model as first-order approximation of localized spectral filters . | kipf and welling applied a similar localized spectral filter , which is further simplified using the first-order approximation . |
generalizing this notion , allouche and shallit introduced the notion of k-regular sequence over a ring r . | using this characterisation of k-automatic sequences , allouche and shallit introduced the more general class of k-regular sequences . |
recently , convolutional neural networks -based methods achieve great success in image classification tasks . | convolutional neural networks have recently been very successful on a variety of recognition and classification tasks . |
the following results , which are proved in , hold for every point of the curve but for p l . | in fact , some important results presented in hold for every point of the curve but for p l . |
in contrast with this paradigm , the physical layer security strategies exploit the randomness of wireless channels , and significantly strengthen the security of wireless communications . | as a result , physical layer security has been proposed as a complement to the traditional methods for improving wireless transmission security . |
an invariant subspace is a subspace invariant under multiplication by the coordinate function . | for each invariant subspace let us denote by χ is an additive functional on zk . |
murali proposed a definition of fuzzy point belonging to fuzzy subset under a natural equivalence on fuzzy subset . | the thought of belongingness of a fuzzy point to a fuzzy subset under a natural equivalence on a fuzzy subset was defined by murali . |
we can see that with 2 training cycles , the performance of our proposed algorithm is almost the same as the algorithm in when snr is less than 30 db . | and with 8 training cycles , which takes the same training overhead as the algorithm in , our proposed algorithm performs better . |
convolutional neural networks have become the most popular method in many fields of computer vision , such as image recognition . | one popular class of deep learning models is deep neural networks , which has been widely adopted in many artificial intelligence applications , such as image recognition . |
it has been shown in that for a 4-ary modulation scheme in the ma phase , anc may result in a 5-ary network map , and therefore a non-standard 5-ary modulation scheme will be required for the bc phase under certain channel conditions . | it has been shown in that for a 4-ary modulation scheme in ma phase , cnc may result in a 5-ary network map , and therefore a non-standard 5-ary modulation scheme will be required for the bc phase under certain channel conditions . |
we also evaluate these correlation functions , which have not yet been integrated , to obtain the local information about the tachyons on unstable d-branes . | in iv-a , b we calculate the correlation functions , which have not yet been integrated , to obtain the local information about the tachyons on unstable d-branes . |
this design concept follows earlier proven aerogel detector designs . | this is a technique previously tested in aerogel detectors at jlab . |
for this reason a brane on which open strings can have their endpoints fixed is called a dp-brane . | the dp-brane is a kind of soliton solution with the p-dimensional spatial and 1-dimensional temporal extension on which the boundary of open strings can be attached . |
the exchange and correlation energies were considered in the generalized gradient approximation following the perdew-burkeernzerhof parametrization scheme . | the electronelectron exchange and correlation functional was described with the perdew-burke-ernzerhof 22 parametrization of the generalized gradient approximation . |
hence injected current does not flow through the strip at zero temperature . | this current dissipates no energy at low temperature . |
deep neural networks present impressive performance in computer vision tasks , such as image classification and object detection . | convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable performance in many computer vision tasks . |
for any hilbert space h we denote the row and the column hilbert space on h by hr and hc , respectively . | for some hilbert space h is a completely contractive banach algebra . |
this optimization procedure can be used , for instance , as a robust version of quantile regression estimator of koenker and bassett . | the conditional qte can be analyzed under the quantile regression framework proposed by koenker and bassett . |
deep neural networks are responsible for numerous state-of-the-art results in a variety of domains , including computer vision , speech recognition , and natural language processing . | deep neural networks have gained popularity in recent years thanks to their achievements in many applications including computer vision , signal and image processing , speech recognition . |
we use the implementations provided by the scikit-learn library . | we acknowledge use of the scikit-learn 3 code for testing gaussian mixture models . |
the 168er nucleus is a good candidate to test current fusion models description of deformation since it has a large quadrupole deformation with an insignificant hexadecapole deformation . | the nucleus is the bright source near the center of the field , and the jet extends to the ne . |
the inflaton is the field corresponding to the position of a probe 3-brane , which moves in the internal compact space . | then , if the inflaton is a free field , the slice of constant φ will coincide with the flat slice and with the constant energy density slice even at the end of inflation , i . |
points are experimental data and lines are theoretical calculations . | points are experimental data and lines are theoretical fitting . |
the particle in cell method has affirmed itself as one of the most widely used numerical methods to model plasmas at the kinetic level . | the particle-in-cell method has been a standard tool in the simulation of kinetic plasmas for over 50 years , among many other references . |
the grammar constraint permits us to specify constraints using any context-free grammar . | in particular , the cfg constraint permits us to specify constraints using any contextfree grammar . |
if the indices of the lr are , the overlap integral is and the rotation axis should be directed along the vector u . | similarly , if the indices of the lr are , the overlap integral is and the rotation axis should be directed along w . |
string theory is the quantum theory of string-like objects in space-time , whereas loop quantum gravity is the attempt to quantize the gravitational field itself starting from the classical field equations . | string theory is a perturbative approach depending on the choice of the background metric , while loop quantum gravity is a canonical approach that does not treat time on an equal footing with space . |
we derived the grucnn layer by modifying shis implementation using the gated recurrent units instead of the lstm . | our rnn model is based on the bidirectional long shortterm memory using attentive pooling introduced by , instead of lstm . |
deep neural networks have been significantly successful in many artificial intelligence tasks such as im- age classification . | deep neural networks have shown state-of-the-art performance on many computer vision problems , including semantic segmentation . |
a derandomized version of the algorithm was also considered but we omit it for the sake of space and we refer the readers to . | a derandomized version of the algorithm was also proposed but we omit it for the sake of space and we refer the readers to . |
perozzi et al extends deepwalk by allowing random walks to skip over multiple nodes at each transition . | preozzi et al extend deepwalk to encode multiscale node relationships in the graph . |
the asymptotic velocity explicitly depends on β and logarithmically on the cut-off frequency . | this steady component of the velocity is shown to depend logarithmically on the cut-off frequency . |
therefore these theories also have the same coset symmetry as eleven-dimensional m-theory . | these theories are identical to each other after compactification on an n-torus but differ from eleven-dimensional m-theory . |
recently , convolutional neural networks have shown their powerful abilities on image representation . | convolutional neural networks have been instrumental to the recent breakthroughs in computer vision . |
the pair , the conjugates of elements of s are called reflections . | elements of finite order in gl which fix a hyperplane pointwise are called reflections . |
yet , the high imaging dose to healthy organs in cbct scans is a clinical concern , especially when cbct scan is performed before each fraction for the entire treatment course . | yet , the high imaging dose to healthy organs in cbct scans is a clinical concern , especially when 55cbct is performed on a daily basis before each treatment fraction . |
medical and biological engineering and computing , vol . | ieee transactions on biomed ical engineering , vol . |
convolutional neural networks have become deeper and larger to pursue increasingly better performance on classification and recognition tasks . | deep neural networks are becoming the standard for inference applications ranging from understanding speech to image recognition . |
we adopt the region proposal network from faster rcnn for the object localization . | for simplicity , we use faster r-cnn for both the proposal network and the refinement network in catdet . |
bilinear generating functions for orthogonal polynomials . | convolutions for orthogonal polynomials from lie and quantum algebra representations . |
deep neural networks have gained popularity in recent years thanks to their achievements in many applications including computer vision , signal and image processing , speech recognition . | deep neural networks have been successfully applied to many machine learning and statistical inference problems including speech recognition , natural language processing . |
where the tilde denotes an unnormalized quantum state , k is the , and dw describes a wiener noise process . | the tilde is to denote the model-dependence of this gap . |
let us also emphasize that a suitable notion of mean width for log-concave functions has been introduced by klartag and milman in , . | we point out that , for log-concave functions , a different functional version of the urysohn inequality involving gaussian densities , was earlier proposed by klartag and milman in . |
that is , the inflaton is a certain linear combination of the φa , which is specified by the vanishing of the dterms . | the candidate from particle physics responsible for driving inflation is a scalar field , which is called the inflaton field , φ . |
massive multiple-input multiple-output has been regarded as one of the enabling technologies in next generation wireless communications . | massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output will be a key technology of next-generation wireless systems . |
we speculate that the logarithmic scaling for average distance can be used to establish the universality class for deterministic scale-free networks . | finally , combining the obtained result and previous studies , we argued that the logarithmical scaling of average distance with network order may characterize deterministic scale-free networks . |
particle interactions with the detector material and the detector response are simulated with geant4 . | the detector response to the generated events is fully simulated with geant4 . |
the free energy is the maximal solution of the hamilton-jacobi equation which can be easily computed . | the free energy is the integral of this work along the whole perimeter . |
the electronic structures of these materials were calculated using the vienna ab-initio simulation package within the generalized gradient approximation . | electronic structure calculations were performed within the generalized gradient approximation of perdew , burke and ernzerhof . |
berkovits , calculation of scattering amplitudes for the neveu-schwarz model using supersheet functional integration , nucl . | berkovits , finiteness and unitarity of lorentz-covariant green-schwarz super string amplitudes , nucl . |
object detection based on deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results on various challenging benchmarks , thus they have been adopted for the task of human-target detection . | state-of-the-art object detection based on convolutional neural networks currently can be seen as a competition between so called one-stage detectors . |
since the luminosity is a lower limit , the radius is also a lower limit . | this luminosity is a bit higher than values reported previously . |
the mixed nature of attention has been studied extensively in the previous literatures . | the nature of attention has been studied extensively in the previous literatures . |
we use the coco dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed metric . | to further validate the proposed framework , we conduct experiments on the coco dataset . |
each convolution layer is followed by a batch normalization layer . | each convolutional layer is followed up with a batch normalization layer . |
over the past decade , neural networks have dramatically advanced the state of the art on many important problems , most notably object recognition . | over the last years , deep neural networks and , particularly cnns , have shown remarkable results in many different areas , thus being the most popular choice among researchers and application engineers . |
the lightest neutralino which is the lightest susy particle is in the right mass range to become a dark matter candidate . | this is because the neutralino is a majorana spinor , and therefore can decay equally into leptons and antileptons . |
deep networks have been applied to almost all computer vision tasks and have achieved state-of-the-art performances , such as image classification . | in recent years , convolutional neural networks have achieved significant success in many computer vision tasks , including the super-resolution problem . |
recently , the outstanding success of deep convolutional neural networks has been made in a variety of computer vision tasks . | in recent years , deep learning has performed remarkably well in many computer vision tasks like classification . |
hence , gulrajani et al proposed penalizing the gradient norm to enforce lipschitz constraint instead of clipping . | gulrajani et al therefore came up with an alternative in the form of a gradient penalty in the loss function . |
cosmic strings are one-dimensional objects that can be formed as linear defects at a symmetry-breaking phase-transition . | cosmic strings are line-like topological defects which m a y form during phase transitions in the early universe . |
we implement a shallow but wide cnn whose architecture resembles the inception module in googlenet . | we build upon googlenet , which contains convolutional modules called inceptions . |
deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in image classification and many others . | convolutional neural networks have greatly advanced the state of the art in all those structured output tasks . |
all weights in these models are initialized randomly using the suggestion of glorot and bengio . | the weights are initialized with the approach proposed by glorot and bengio . |
generative adversarial networks are an unsupervised learning method that is able to generate realistic looking images from noise . | generative adversarial networks are a framework for training generative parametric models , and have been shown to produce high quality images . |
in particular , convolutional neural networks have achieved impressive accuracy on the challenging imagenet classification benchmark . | dnns , especially convolutional neural networks , have recently achieved human performance in various visual tasks . |
rotating electromechanical systems with sommerfeld effect , and in the systems with only one stable equilibrium , see , eg . | rotating electromechanical systems with sommerfeld effect described in 1902 , and in the systems with only one stable equilibrium , see , eg . |
proposed model virtually eliminates the probability of phantom detection by using two phase detection procedure . | proposed model virtually eliminates the probability of phantom detection by using three step processes . |
attention mechanisms have been widely applied in many tasks as they can measure long-range dependencies . | attention mechanisms have been proven to be significantly effective for relevant data selection in various tasks . |
deep neural networks have shown remarkable success in many computer vision tasks such as image classification . | deep neural networks are used in many recent applications such as image recognition . |
a qubit is a physical entity described by the laws of quantum mechanics . | this qubit is the output of the subroutine . |
in the last few years , convolutional neural networks have demonstrated outstanding performances in various applications including image recognition , object detection , and recently speech acoustic modeling . | deep neural networks have gained popularity in recent years thanks to their achievements in many applications including computer vision , signal and image processing , speech recognition . |
due to their age , pbhs or planck stars are the strongest candidates to form whs which may be observable today . | due to their age , pbhs or planck stars are the strongest candidates to form whs which may be observable today , and the energy they release is consistent with frbs . |
recent work in model-free reinforcement learning has demonstrated the ability to solve difficult highdimensional problems in robotics . | recent work on reinforcement learning has been successful in various tasks , including robotic manipulation and playing a board game . |
the standard inflationary idea requires that there be a period of slow-roll evolution of a scalar field during which its potential energy drives the universe in a quasi-exponential expansion . | the standard inflationary idea requires that there is a period of slow-roll evolution of a scalar field during which its potential energy dominates the kinetic energy and drives the universe in a quasiexponential , accelerated expansion . |
the notion of virtual knots was introduced by kauffman in as a generalization of classical knots . | virtual knots were introduced by kauffman as a generalization of classical knot theory . |
previous works have conditioned gans on discrete labels , and , indeed , images . | previous works have conditioned gans on discrete labels , text and images . |
polaritons are the composed light-matter bosonic quasi-particles formed in the strong exciton-photon coupling regime in semiconductor microcavities . | exciton-polaritons are bosonic quasi-particles formed as a superposition between a photon mode and a quantum well exciton , that exist in the strong coupling regime in semiconductor microcavities . |
xu and jordan , who thought em to be inferior to general purpose nonlinear programming techniques , especially second-order methods . | xu and jordan , who thought e m to be inferior to general purpose nonlinear programming methods , especially second-order methods . |
nonlocality is a more delicate issue since different restrictions on the number of measurement settings usually lead to different measures of nonlocality . | technically , non-locality is a direct consequence of the non-triviality of elko spin sums . |
in addition , we showed that for dynamic simulations , brownian drift can be resolved using the midpoint time integration scheme developed by fixman and the conjugate gradient method to obtain the brownian forces and torques . | in this work , we show that for dynamic fluctuating fcm simulations , a direct computation of the brownian drift term can be avoided by employing the midpoint time integration scheme developed by fixman . |
in both figures the root is a low degree node , and the tree has 1000 low degree clients . | in both figures , the x denotes the sorted entries and the y denotes the values of block couplings in terms of φ . |
kinney , spin structure studies at an eic , these proceedings . | klein , new physics at large scales , these proceedings . |
then e is orthogonal to d , so it is a linear combination of a , b , and c . | since the dct is orthogonal , it is a 64-dimensional rotation which rotates the cube i to an other cube j , but leaves the ball . |
string theory is the consistent quantum theory of gravity which includes graviton , the exchange particle for the gravitational interaction , in its spectrum . | string theory is a top-to-bottom approach to quantum supergravity in that it postulates a new object , the string , from which classical supergravity emerges as a low energy limit . |
superscripts denote mode basis and subscripts denote mode number . | superscripts denote the variables at the entrance . |
it is shown that the supersymmetric qcd action is derived on the basis of the spectral action principle . | we have found that the super ric dirac operator yang-mills action was successfully derived based on the spectral action principle . |
we use the standard cross-entropy loss for training and train all networks for 20 epochs with a batch size of 32 using adam . | we use the adam optimizer with the learning rate of 1e-5 for 500k iterations with the batch size of 128 . |
the hamiltonian of the system will be where t is the kinetic energy operator and v is the he-he interaction that in the present work will be taken as one of the potentials mentioned in the previous section . | the hamiltonian for the 3-quark system is the same as the well known quark potential model , the isgur model . |
however , recent studies showed that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples , and attackers can design maliciously perturbed inputs to mislead a model at the test phase . | work on adversarial examples has shown that neural networks are vulnerable to the attacks perturbing the data in imperceptible ways . |
residual networks have enabled training of very deep neural networks . | a residual learning framework was proposed by he et al to improve the training of deep neural networks . |
deep neural networks have seen great success in many cognitive applications such as image classification . | convolutional neural networks are enabling major advancements in a range of machine learning problems . |
performance within the task of supervised image classification has been vastly improved in the era of deep learning using modern convolutional neural network . | in recent years , deep convolutional neural networks have been shown to be exceptionally effective for image classification . |
supervised object recognition has achieved substantial performance improvement thanks to the advance of deep convolutional neural networks in the last few years . | in recent years , the accuracy of object detection has been dramatically improved thanks to the advance of deep convolutional neural network . |
deep convolutional neural networks have become one of the most important methods in computer vision tasks such as image classification . | deep convolutional neural networks have improved performance across a wider variety of computer vision tasks , especially for image classification . |
in this paper , we give constructions of irreducible modules of centrally-extended classical lie algebras over left ideals of the algebra of differential operators on the circle , through certain irreducible modules of centrally-extended classical lie algebras of infinite matrices with finite number of nonzero entries . | moreover , we prove that under certain conditions , the highest weight irreducible modules of centrally-extended classical lie algebras of infinite matrices with finite number of nonzero entries naturally give rise to the irreducible modules of the simple quotients of these vertex operator algebras . |
deep convolutional neural networks have already achieved tremendous success on a variety of computer vision tasks such as image classification among many others . | deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in various computer vision tasks such as image classification . |
huisken proves that uniformly convex , compact surfaces become asymptotically spherical under mean curvature flow . | in huisken has shown that compact convex surfaces shrink under the mean curvature flow into a point approaching spheres asymptotically . |