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Tracking Every Signing Grading Biggest Deals Romeo Crennel Is The Worst Coach In The NFL, Period Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Romeo Crennel Is The Worst Coach In The NFL, Period Two reasons why Romeo Crennel should be left in Nashville when the team plane returns home this evening (I have more, but I don't want this column to be longer than the 15-page research papers I'm writing this week): Trailing 21-6 at the start of the fourth quarter, he elects to kick a 39-yard field goal instead of trying to go for it on a fourth-and-nine. Obviously nine yards is a lot to ask for on fourth down, but a field goal only makes it a 12-point gamewhich requires two touchdowns to overcome. Trailing by 15 points, mind you, also requires two touchdowns to overcome. There’s not enough time left in the game to kick four more field goals, though I’m sure Crennel would have preferred that strategy. Also, getting a touchdown, field goal and safety in the final 13 minutes is unlikely. So why does Crennel opt to attempt this field goal? Umm, well…I have no idea. The only explanation I can think of is, uhhactually, I can’t think of any logic behind this decision. Except that Crennel thought our defense or special teams could force another turnover (asking a lot) or that he had full faith that Ken Dorsey could engineer not just two scoring drives, but two touchdown scoring drives over the last 10 or so minutes (REALLY asking a lot.) OK, so the field goal is good. Phil Dawson is our team MVP, after all. We’re down 21-9, and shockingly, the defense gets a stop. It’s not the turnover, but hey, they also didn’t trip all over themselves, either. The offense has it back, there’s less than nine minutes left, and the Browns face a fourth-and-one on their own 24. It’s really about fourth-and-one foot, to be honest. And what do we do? Trot out the punt team, of course. And 15 seconds later, after a 44-yard punt return and a 25-yard TD run, the game is over. Again, let’s try to think along with Romeo and figure out the rationale behind punting in this situation. You hope and pray that your defense can come up with another takeaway, which (again) is flawed logic – you can’t assume the other team is going to turn the ball over. And if the defense forces a three-and-out again, Tennessee will still have bled at least two minutes off the clock with three running plays. They’ll punt and the Browns will have to go the length of the field to score the first touchdown that they needremember, we’re down two touchdowns herethen need to come up with another quick three-and-out or recover an onside kick and move at least 60 yards for that second touchdown. (With Ken Dorsey at quarterback. Have I mentioned that before? He hadn’t completed a pass in the NFL in over three years before today.) Can anybody explain this to me? Anybody? Why a 4-8 team playing on the road against an 11-1 team would have two chances to try to push for the upset but declined both of them? Wait, I got itCrennel figured out that even if he doesn’t make any decisions on the sideline, he still gets paid the same for the game. The less work he has to do, the better. Enjoy your final few paychecks, Romeo. You deserve it after helping put Browns fans through another miserable season. Load More Stories Follow Tennessee Titans from B/R on Facebook Tennessee Titans Subscribe Now We will never share your email address Thanks for signing up.

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/90140-romeo-crennel-is-the-worst-coach-in-the-nfl-period

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American Civil War From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article American Civil War American Civil War Montage.jpg Clockwise from top left: Battle of Stones River; Confederate prisoners of war; Battle of Fort Hindman. DateApril 12, 1861 – May 10, 1865 (by declaration)[1] (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days) (last shot fired June 22, 1865) LocationSouthern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean ResultUnion victory  United States Confederate States Commanders and leaders Abraham Lincoln Edwin M. Stanton Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut David D. Porter and others Jefferson Davis Judah P. Benjamin Robert E. Lee Joseph E. Johnston Raphael Semmes Josiah Tattnall and others Casualties and losses 110,000 Army killed in action/dead of wounds [2] 25,000 Army dead in Confederate prisons [3] 2,260 Navy/Marines killed [4] ~ 365,000 total dead[5] 275,200 wounded 72,524 killed in action[5] ~ 260,000 total dead 137,000+ wounded Jump to: navigation, search American Civil War American Civil War Montage.jpg (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days) (last shot fired June 22, 1865) ResultUnion victory  United States Confederate States Commanders and leaders Abraham Lincoln Edwin M. Stanton Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut David D. Porter and others Jefferson Davis Judah P. Benjamin Robert E. Lee Joseph E. Johnston Raphael Semmes Josiah Tattnall and others Casualties and losses 110,000 Army killed in action/dead of wounds [2] 25,000 Army dead in Confederate prisons [3] 2,260 Navy/Marines killed [4] ~ 365,000 total dead[5] 275,200 wounded 72,524 killed in action[5] ~ 260,000 total dead 137,000+ wounded The American Civil War, also known as the War Between the States, or simply the Civil War in the United States (see naming), was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 in the United States after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the "Confederacy" or the "South"). The states that remained in the Union were known as the "Union" or the "North". The war had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories.[6] Foreign powers did not intervene. After four years of bloody combat that left over 600,000 soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and guaranteeing rights to the freed slaves began. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for each state to provide troops to retake the fort; consequently, four more slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their total to eleven. The Union soon controlled the border states and established a naval blockade that crippled the southern economy. The Eastern Theater was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland (a Union state) ended with Confederate retreat at the Battle of Antietam, dissuading British intervention.[7] Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[8] To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and the Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lee's Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant's command of all Union armies in 1864. In the Western Theater, William T. Sherman drove east to capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, and could afford to fight battles of attrition through the Overland Campaign towards Richmond, the Confederate capital. The defending Confederate army failed, leading to Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. All Confederate generals surrendered by that summer. Causes of secession The causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the war began. The issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war.[11] Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1850s. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1860 election. After Lincoln had won without carrying a single Southern state, many Southern whites felt that disunion had become their only option, because they felt as if they were losing representation, which hampered their ability to promote pro-slavery acts and policies.[12] The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state-based property system protected by the Constitution.[13] The strategy of the anti-slavery forces was containment—to stop the expansion and thus put slavery on a path to gradual extinction.[14] To slave holding interests in the South, this strategy was perceived as infringing upon their Constitutional rights.[15] Slavery was being phased out of existence in the North and was fading in the border states and urban areas, but was expanding in highly profitable cotton districts of the south. A 1863 photo of a whipped slave Gordon, distributed in the North during the war.[16] Despite compromises in 1820 and 1850, the slavery issues exploded in the 1850s. Causes include controversy over admitting Missouri as a slave state in 1820, the acquisition of Texas as a slave state in 1845 and the status of slavery in western territories won as a result of the Mexican–American War and the resulting Compromise of 1850.[17] Following the U.S. victory over Mexico, Northerners attempted to exclude slavery from conquered territories in the Wilmot Proviso; although it passed the House, it failed in the Senate. Northern (and British) readers recoiled in anger at the horrors of slavery as described in the novel and play Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe.[18] Irreconcilable disagreements over slavery ended the Whig and Know Nothing political parties, and later split the Democratic Party between North and South, while the new Republican Party angered slavery interests by demanding an end to its expansion. Most observers believed that without expansion slavery would eventually die out; Lincoln argued this in 1845 and 1858.[19] Meanwhile, the South of the 1850s saw an increasing number of slaves leave the border states through sale, manumission and escape. During this same period, slave-holding border states had more free African-Americans and European immigrants than the lower South, which increased Southern fears that slavery was threatened with rapid extinction in this area.[20] With tobacco and cotton wearing out the soil, the South believed it needed to expand slavery.[21] The Southern states had advocates arguing to reopen the international slave trade to populate territory that was to be newly opened to slavery.[22] Southern demands for a slave code to ensure slavery in the territories repeatedly split the Democratic Party between North and South by widening margins.[23] To settle the dispute over slavery expansion, Abolitionists and proslavery elements sent their partisans into Kansas, both using ballots and bullets. In the 1850s, a miniature civil war in Bleeding Kansas led pro-South Presidents Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan to attempt a forced admission of Kansas as a slave state through vote fraud.[24] The 1857 Congressional rejection of the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution was the first multi-party solid-North vote, and that solid vote was anti-slavery to support the democratic majority voting in the Kansas Territory.[25] Violence on behalf of Southern honor reached the floor of the Senate in 1856 when a Southern Congressman, Preston Brooks, physically assaulted Republican Senator Charles Sumner when he ridiculed prominent slaveholders as pimps for slavery.[26] The earlier political party structure failed to make accommodation among sectional differences. Disagreements over slavery caused the Whig and "Know-Nothing" parties to collapse. In 1860, the last national political party, the Democratic Party, split along sectional lines. Anti-slavery Northerners mobilized in 1860 behind moderate Abraham Lincoln because he was most likely to carry the doubtful western states. In 1857, the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision ended the Congressional compromise for Popular Sovereignty in Kansas. According to the court, slavery in the territories was a property right of any settler, regardless of the majority there. Chief Justice Taney's decision said that slaves were "so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect". The decision overturned the Missouri Compromise which banned slavery in territory north of the 36°30' parallel.[27] Members of slave-owning planter aristocracy dominated society and politics in the South. Republicans denounced the Dred Scott decision and promised to overturn it; Abraham Lincoln warned that the next Dred Scott decision could threaten the Northern states with slavery. The Republican party platform called slavery "a national evil", and Lincoln believed it would die a natural death if it were contained.[28] The Democrat Stephen A. Douglas developed the Freeport Doctrine to appeal to North and South. Douglas argued, Congress could not decide either for or against slavery before a territory was settled. Nonetheless, the anti-slavery majority in Kansas could stop slavery with its own local laws if their police laws did not protect slavery introduction.[29] Most 1850 political battles followed the arguments of Lincoln and Douglas, focusing on the issue of slavery expansion in the territories.[30] But political debate was cut short throughout the South with Northern abolitionist John Brown's 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry Armory in an attempt to incite slave insurrections. The Southern political defense of slavery transformed into widespread expansion of local militias for armed defense of their "peculiar" domestic institution.[31] Lincoln's assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, "This question of Slavery was more important than any other; indeed, so much more important has it become that no other national question can even get a hearing just at present."[32] The Republicans gained majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since Democrats in the 1856 elections, they were to be seated in numbers which Lincoln might use to govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery House and Senate seats vacated.[33] Meanwhile, Southern Vice President, Alexander Stephens, in the Cornerstone Speech, declared the new confederate "Constitution has put at rest forever all the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutions—African slavery as it exists among us—the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution."[34] The Republican administration enacted the Confiscation Acts that set conditions for emancipation of slaves prior to the official proclamation of emancipation.[35] Likewise, Lincoln had previously condemned slavery and called for its "extinction."[36] Considering the relative weight given to causes of the Civil War by contemporary actors, historians such as Chandra Manning argue that both Union and Confederate fighting soldiers believed slavery to be the cause of the Civil War. Union men mainly believed the war was to bring emancipation to the slaves. Confederates fought to protect southern society, and slavery as an integral part of it.[37] Addressing the causes, Eric Foner would relate a historical context with multidimensional political, social and economic variables. The several causes united in the moment by a consolidating nationalism. A social movement that was individualist, egalitarian and perfectionist grew to a political democratic majority attacking slavery, and slavery's defense in the Southern pre-industrial traditional society brought the two sides to war.[38] States' rights Secondly, the South argued that each state had the right to secede—leave the Union—at any time, that the Constitution was a "compact" or agreement among the states. Northerners (including President Buchanan) rejected that notion as opposed to the will of the Founding Fathers who said they were setting up a "perpetual union".[39] Historian James McPherson writes concerning states' rights and other non-slavery explanations: Status of the states, 1861.    States that seceded before April 15, 1861    States that seceded after April 15, 1861    Union states that permitted slavery    Union states that banned slavery Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South.[41][42] It increased steadily between 1800 and 1860 as the North, which phased slavery out of existence, industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous farms, while the deep South concentrated on plantation agriculture based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for the poor whites. The South expanded into rich new lands in the Southwest (from Alabama to Texas).[43] Fears of slave revolts and abolitionist propaganda made the South militantly hostile to abolitionism.[45][46] Southerners complained that it was the North that was changing, and was prone to new "isms", while the South remained true to historic republican values of the Founding Fathers (many of whom owned slaves, including Washington, Jefferson, and Madison). Lincoln said that Republicans were following the tradition of the framers of the Constitution (including the Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise) by preventing expansion of slavery.[47] The issue of accepting slavery (in the guise of rejecting slave-owning bishops and missionaries) split the largest religious denominations (the Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches) into separate Northern and Southern denominations.[48] Industrialization meant that seven European immigrants out of eight settled in the North. The movement of twice as many whites leaving the South for the North as vice versa contributed to the South's defensive-aggressive political behavior.[49] Slave power and free soil Territorial crisis Between 1803 and 1854, the United States achieved a vast expansion of territory through purchase, negotiation, and conquest.[55] Of the states carved out of these territories by 1845, all had entered the union as slave states: Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida and Texas, as well as the southern portions of Alabama and Mississippi.[56] And with the conquest of northern Mexico, including California, in 1848, slaveholding interests looked forward to the institution flourishing in these lands as well. Southerners also anticipated garnering slaves and slave states in Cuba and Central America.[57][58] Northern free soil interests vigorously sought to curtail any further expansion of slave soil. It was these territorial disputes that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided over.[59][60] The existence of slavery in the southern states was far less politically polarizing than the explosive question of the territorial expansion of the institution westward.[61] Moreover, Americans were informed by two well-established readings of the Constitution regarding human bondage: first, that the slave states had complete autonomy over the institution within their boundaries, and second, that the domestic slave trade – trade among the states – was immune to federal interference.[62][63] The only feasible strategy available to attack slavery was to restrict its expansion into the new territories.[64] Slaveholding interests fully grasped the danger that this strategy posed to them.[65][66] Both the South and the North drew the same conclusion: "The power to decide the question of slavery for the territories was the power to determine the future of slavery itself."[67][68] By 1860, four doctrines had emerged to answer the question of federal control in the territories, and they all claimed to be sanctioned by the Constitution, implicitly or explicitly.[69] Two of the "conservative" doctrines emphasized the written text and historical precedents of the founding document (specifically, the Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise), while the other two doctrines developed arguments that transcended the Constitution.[70] The first of these "conservative" theories, represented by the Constitutional Union Party, argued that the historical designation of free and slave apportionments in territories should become a Constitutional mandate. The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an expression of this view.[71] The second doctrine of Congressional preeminence, championed by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, insisted that the Constitution did not bind legislators to a policy of balance – that slavery could be excluded altogether in a territory at the discretion of Congress [71][72] – with one caveat: the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment must apply. In other words, Congress could restrict human bondage, but never establish it.[70] The Wilmot Proviso announced this position in 1846.[71] Of the two doctrines that rejected federal authority, one was articulated by northern Democrat of Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas, and the other by southern Democratic Senator Jefferson Davis of Mississippi and Vice-President John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky.[70] Douglas proclaimed the doctrine of territorial or "popular" sovereignty, which declared that the settlers in a territory had the same rights as states in the Union to establish or disestablish slavery – a purely local matter.[70] Congress, having created the territory, was barred, according to Douglas, from exercising any authority in domestic matters. To do so would violate historic traditions of self-government, implicit in the US Constitution.[73] The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 legislated this doctrine. The fourth in this quartet is the theory of state sovereignty ("states' rights"),[73] also known as the "Calhoun doctrine",[74] named after the South Carolinian political theorist and statesman John C. Calhoun.[75] Rejecting the arguments for federal authority or self-government, state sovereignty would empower states to promote the expansion of slavery as part of the Federal Union under the US Constitution – and not merely as an argument for secession.[76][77] The basic premise was that all authority regarding matters of slavery in the territories resided in each state. The role of the federal government was merely to enable the implementation of state laws when residents of the states entered the territories.[78] The Calhoun doctrine asserted that the federal government in the territories was only the agent of the several sovereign states, and hence incapable of forbidding the bringing into any territory of anything that was legal property in any state. State sovereignty, in other words, gave the laws of the slaveholding states extra-jurisdictional effect.[79] "States' rights" was an ideology formulated and applied as a means of advancing slave state interests through federal authority.[80] As historian Thomas L. Krannawitter points out, "[T]he Southern demand for federal slave protection represented a demand for an unprecedented expansion of federal power." [81][82] National elections Nationalism and honor Abraham Lincoln 16th U.S. President (1861–1865) Nationalism was a powerful force in the early 19th century, with famous spokesmen such as Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster. While practically all Northerners supported the Union, Southerners were split between those loyal to the entire United States (called "unionists") and those loyal primarily to the southern region and then the Confederacy.[84] C. Vann Woodward said of the latter group, "A great slave society ... had grown up and miraculously flourished in the heart of a thoroughly bourgeois and partly puritanical republic. It had renounced its bourgeois origins and elaborated and painfully rationalized its institutional, legal, metaphysical, and religious defenses ... When the crisis came it chose to fight. It proved to be the death struggle of a society, which went down in ruins."[85] Perceived insults to Southern collective honor included the enormous popularity of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)[86] and the actions of abolitionist John Brown in trying to incite a slave rebellion in 1859.[87] Lincoln's election Secession and war begins Resolves and developments Secession of South Carolina Secession winter States align Confederate states Jefferson Davis, President of Confederacy (1861–1865) Among the ordinances of secession passed by the individual states, those of three – Texas, Alabama, and Virginia – specifically mentioned the plight of the 'slaveholding states' at the hands of northern abolitionists. The rest make no mention of the slavery issue, and are often brief announcements of the dissolution of ties by the legislatures,[94] however at least four states – South Carolina,[95] Mississippi,[96] Georgia,[97] and Texas[98] – also passed lengthy and detailed explanations of their causes for secession, all of which laid the blame squarely on the influence over the northern states of the movement to abolish slavery, something regarded as a Constitutional right by the slaveholding states.[99] Union states Border states The Union: blue, yellow (slave); The Confederacy: brown *territories in light shades; control of Confederate territories disputed After Virginia's secession, a Unionist government in Wheeling asked 48 counties to vote on an ordinance to create a new state on October 24, 1861. A voter turnout of 34% approved the statehood bill (96% approving).[106] The inclusion of 24 secessionist counties[107] in the state and the ensuing guerrilla war[108] engaged about 40,000 Federal troops for much of the war.[109] Congress admitted West Virginia to the Union on June 20, 1863. West Virginia provided about 20,000–22,000 soldiers to both the Confederacy and the Union.[110] A Unionist secession attempt occurred in East Tennessee, but was suppressed by the Confederacy, which arrested over 3,000 men suspected of being loyal to the Union. They were held without trial.[111] Beginning the war Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860 triggered South Carolina's declaration of secession from the Union in December, and six more states did so by February 1861. A pre-war February Peace Conference of 1861 met in Washington, Lincoln sneaking into town to stay in the Conference's hotel its last three days. The attempt failed at resolving the crisis, but the remaining eight slave states rejected pleas to join the Confederacy following a two-to-one no-vote in Virginia's First Secessionist Convention on April 4, 1861.[112] Lincoln's policy Since December, secessionists with and without state forces had seized Federal Court Houses, U.S. Treasury mints and post offices. Southern governors ordered militia mobilization, seized most of the federal forts and cannon within their boundaries and U.S. armories of infantry weapons. The governors in big-state Republican strongholds of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania quietly began buying weapons and training militia units themselves.[113] President Buchanan protested seizure of Federal property, but made no military response apart from a failed attempt in January to resupply Fort Sumter using the ship Star of the West, which was fired upon by South Carolina forces and turned back before it reached the fort.[112] On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President. In his inaugural address, he argued that the Constitution was a more perfect union than the earlier Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, that it was a binding contract, and called any secession "legally void".[114] He had no intent to invade Southern states, nor did he intend to end slavery where it existed, but said that he would use force to maintain possession of federal property. The government would make no move to recover post offices, and if resisted, mail delivery would end at state lines. Where popular conditions did not allow peaceful enforcement of Federal law, U.S. Marshals and Judges would be withdrawn. No mention was made of bullion lost from U.S. mints in Louisiana, Georgia and North Carolina. In Lincoln's Inaugural, U.S. policy would only collect import duties at its ports, there could be no serious injury to justify revolution in the politics of four years. His speech closed with a plea for restoration of the bonds of union.[115] The South sent delegations to Washington and offered to pay for the federal properties and enter into a peace treaty with the United States. Lincoln rejected any negotiations with Confederate agents because he claimed the Confederacy was not a legitimate government, and that making any treaty with it would be tantamount to recognition of it as a sovereign government.[116] Secretary of State William Seward who at that time saw himself as the real governor or "prime minister" behind the throne of the inexperienced Lincoln, engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations that failed.[116] President Lincoln was determined to hold all remaining Union-occupied forts in the Confederacy, Fort Monroe in Virginia, in Florida, Fort Pickens, Fort Jefferson, and Fort Taylor, and in the cockpit of secession, Charleston, South Carolina's Fort Sumter. Battle of Fort Sumter Ft. Sumter was located in the middle of the harbor of Charleston, SC where the U.S. forts garrison had withdrawn to avoid incidents with local militias in the streets of the city. Unlike Buchanan who allowed commanders to relinquish possession to avoid bloodshed, Lincoln required Maj. Anderson to hold on until fired upon. Jefferson Davis ordered the surrender of the fort. Anderson gave a conditional reply which the Confederate government rejected, and Davis ordered P. G. T. Beauregard to attack the fort before a relief expedition could arrive. Troops under Beauregard bombarded Fort Sumter on April 12–13, forcing its capitulation. On April 15, Lincoln's Secretary of War then called on Governors for 75,000 volunteers to recapture the fort and other federal property.[117] Northerners rallied behind Lincoln's call for all the states to send troops to recapture the forts and to preserve the Union,[118] citing presidential powers given by the Militia Acts of 1792. With the scale of the rebellion apparently small so far, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for 90 days.[119] Several Northern governors began to move forces the next day, and Secessionists seized Liberty Arsenal in Liberty, Missouri the next week.[113] Two weeks later, on May 3, 1861, Lincoln called for an additional 42,034 volunteers for a period of three years.[120] The War The Civil War was a contest marked by the ferocity and frequency of battle. Over four years, 237 named battles were fought, and many more minor actions and skirmishes. In the scales of world military history, both sides fighting were characterized by their bitter intensity and high casualties. "The American Civil War was to prove one of the most ferocious wars ever fought". Without geographic objectives, the only target for each side was the enemy's soldier.[122] Union soldiers before Marye's Heights, Second Fredericksburg Confederate dead overrun at Marye's Heights, reoccupied next day May 4, 1863. North and South, the draft laws were highly unpopular. An estimated 120,000 men evaded conscription in the North, many of them fleeing to Canada, and another 280,000 Northern soldiers deserted during the war,[129][130] along with at least 100,000 Southerners, or about 10% all together.[131] However, desertion was a very common event in the 19th century; in the peacetime Army about 15% of the soldiers deserted every year.[132] In the South, many men deserted temporarily to take care of their families,[133] then returned to their units.[134] In the North, "bounty jumpers" enlisted to get the generous bonus, deserted, then went back to a second recruiting station under a different name to sign up again for a second bonus; 141 were caught and executed.[135] Rioters attacking a building during the New York anti-draft riots of 1863 From a tiny frontier force in 1860, in a few years the Union and Confederates armies had grown to be the "largest and most efficient armies in the world". European observers at the time dismissed them as amateur and unprofessional, but British historian John Keegan's assessment is that each outmatched the French, Prussian and Russian armies of the time, and but for the Atlantic, would have threatened any of them with defeat.[136] Perman and Taylor (2010) say that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: "Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. Most historians agree that no matter what a soldier thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes altered his reasons for continuing the fight."[137] Naval war The small U.S. Navy of 1861 was rapidly enlarged to 6,000 officers and 45,000 men in 1865, with 671 vessels, having a tonnage of 510,396.[138][139] Its mission was to blockade Confederate ports, take control of the river system, defend against Confederate raiders on the high seas, and be ready for a possible war with the British Royal Navy.[140] Meanwhile, the main riverine war was fought in the West, where a series of major rivers gave access to the Confederate heartland, if the U.S. Navy could take control. In the East, the Navy supplied and moved army forces about, and occasionally shelled Confederate installations. Union blockade A cartoon map of the South surrounded by a snake. By early 1861, General Winfield Scott had devised the Anaconda Plan to win the war with as little bloodshed as possible.[141] Scott argued that a Union blockade of the main ports would weaken the Confederate economy. Lincoln adopted parts of the plan, but he overruled Scott's caution about 90-day volunteers. Public opinion however demanded an immediate attack by the army to capture Richmond.[142] Modern navy evolves The Civil War prompted the industrial revolution and subsequently many naval innovations emerged during this time, most notably the advent of the ironclad warship. It began when the Confederacy, knowing they had to meet or match the Union's naval superiority,[144] responded to the Union blockade by building or converting more than 130 vessels, including twenty-six ironclads and floating batteries. Only half of these saw active service. Many were equipped with ram bows, creating "ram fever" among Union squadrons wherever they threatened. But in the face of overwhelming Union superiority and the Union's own ironclad warships, they were unsuccessful.[145] The Confederacy experimented with a submarine, which did not work well,[146] and with building an ironclad ship, the CSS Virginia, which was based on rebuilding a sunken Union ship, the Merrimac. On its first foray on March 8, 1862, the Virginia decimated the Union's wooden fleet, but the next day the first Union ironclad, the USS Monitor, arrived to challenge it. The Battle of the Ironclads was a draw, but it marks the worldwide transition to ironclad warships.[147] The Confederacy lost the Virginia when the ship was scuttled to prevent capture, and the Union built many copies of the Monitor. Lacking the technology to build effective warships, the Confederacy attempted to obtain warships from Britain.[148] Blockade runners British investors built small, very fast, steam-driven blockade runners that traded arms and luxuries brought in from Britain through Bermuda, Cuba, and the Bahamas in return for high-priced cotton. The ships were so small that only a small amount of cotton went out. When the Union Navy seized a blockade runner, the ship and cargo were condemned as a Prize of war and sold with the proceeds given to the Navy sailors; the captured crewmen were mostly British and they were simply released.[149] The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war. There were multiple reasons for this: the severe deterioration of food supplies, especially in cities, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies. Historians agree that the blockade was a major factor in ruining the Confederate economy. However, Wise argues that they provided just enough of a lifeline to allow Lee to continue fighting for additional months, thanks to fresh supplies of 400,000 rifles, lead, blankets, and boots that the homefront economy could no longer supply.[150] Economic impact Surdam argues that the blockade was a powerful weapon that eventually ruined the Southern economy, at the cost of very few lives in combat. Practically, the entire Confederate cotton crop was useless (although was sold to Union traders), costing the Confederacy its main source of income. Critical imports were very scarce and the coastal trade was largely ended as well.[151] The measure of the blockade's success was not the few ships that slipped through, but the thousands that never tried it. Merchant ships owned in Europe could not get insurance and were too slow to evade the blockade; they simply stopped calling at Confederate ports.[152] To fight an offensive war the Confederacy purchased ships from Britain, converted them to warships, and raided American merchants ships in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Insurance rates skyrocketed and the American flag virtually disappeared from international waters. However, the same ships were reflagged with European flags and continued unmolested.[153] After the war, the U.S. demanded that Britain pay for the damage done, and Britain paid the U.S. $15 million in 1871.[154] Ulysses Grant used river transport and Andrew Foote's gunboats of the Western Flotilla to threaten the Confederacy's "Gilbraltar of the West" at Columbus, Kentucky. Grant was rebuffed at Belmont, but cut off Columbus. The Confederates, lacking their own gunboats, were forced to retreat and the Union took control of western Kentucky in March 1862.[156] In addition to ocean-going warships coming up the Mississippi, the Union Navy used timberclads, tinclads, and armored gunboats. Shipyards at Cairo, Illinois, and St. Louis built new boats or modified steamboats for action.[157] They took control of the Red, Tennessee, Cumberland, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers after victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, and supplied Grant's forces as he moved into Tennessee. At Shiloh, (Pittsburg Landing) in Tennessee in April 1862, the Confederates made a surprise attack that pushed Union forces against the river as night fell. Overnight, the Navy landed additional reinforcements, and Grant counter-attacked. Grant and the Union won a decisive victory – the first battle with the high casualty rates that would repeat over and over.[158] Memphis fell to Union forces and became a key base for further advances south along the Mississippi River. In April 1862, US Naval forces under Farragut ran past Confederate defenses south of New Orleans. Confederates abandoned the city, which gave the Union a critical anchor in the deep South.[159] Naval forces assisted Grant in his long, complex campaign that resulted in the surrender of Vicksburg in July 1863, and full Union control of the Mississippi soon after.[160] Eastern theater Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan took command of the Union Army of the Potomac on July 26 (he was briefly general-in-chief of all the Union armies, but was subsequently relieved of that post in favor of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck), and the war began in earnest in 1862. Upon the strong urging of President Lincoln to begin offensive operations, McClellan attacked Virginia in the spring of 1862 by way of the peninsula between the York River and James River, southeast of Richmond. Although McClellan's army reached the gates of Richmond in the Peninsula Campaign,[163][164][165] Johnston halted his advance at the Battle of Seven Pines, then General Robert E. Lee and top subordinates James Longstreet and Stonewall Jackson[166] defeated McClellan in the Seven Days Battles and forced his retreat. The Northern Virginia Campaign, which included the Second Battle of Bull Run, ended in yet another victory for the South.[167] McClellan resisted General-in-Chief Halleck's orders to send reinforcements to John Pope's Union Army of Virginia, which made it easier for Lee's Confederates to defeat twice the number of combined enemy troops. Emboldened by Second Bull Run, the Confederacy made its first invasion of the North. General Lee led 45,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia across the Potomac River into Maryland on September 5. Lincoln then restored Pope's troops to McClellan. McClellan and Lee fought at the Battle of Antietam[166] near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, the bloodiest single day in United States military history.[168] Lee's army, checked at last, returned to Virginia before McClellan could destroy it. Antietam is considered a Union victory because it halted Lee's invasion of the North and provided an opportunity for Lincoln to announce his Emancipation Proclamation.[169] When the cautious McClellan failed to follow up on Antietam, he was replaced by Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside. Burnside was soon defeated at the Battle of Fredericksburg[170] on December 13, 1862, when over 12,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded during repeated futile frontal assaults against Marye's Heights. After the battle, Burnside was replaced by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker. Hooker, too, proved unable to defeat Lee's army; despite outnumbering the Confederates by more than two to one, he was humiliated in the Battle of Chancellorsville[171] in May 1863. Gen. Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded by his own men during the battle and subsequently died of complications. Gen. Hooker was replaced by Maj. Gen. George Meade during Lee's second invasion of the North, in June. Meade defeated Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg[172] (July 1 to 3, 1863). This was the bloodiest battle of the war, and has been called the war's turning point. Pickett's Charge on July 3 is often considered the high-water mark of the Confederacy because it signaled the collapse of serious Confederate threats of victory. Lee's army suffered 28,000 casualties (versus Meade's 23,000).[173] However, Lincoln was angry that Meade failed to intercept Lee's retreat, and after Meade's inconclusive fall campaign, Lincoln turned to the Western Theater for new leadership. At the same time, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg surrendered, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River, permanently isolating the western Confederacy, and producing the new leader Lincoln needed, Ulysses S. Grant. Western theater The Mississippi was opened to Union traffic to the southern border of Tennessee with the taking of Island No. 10 and New Madrid, Missouri, and then Memphis, Tennessee. In April 1862, the Union Navy captured New Orleans,[175] which allowed Union forces to begin moving up the Mississippi. Only the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, prevented Union control of the entire river. General Braxton Bragg's second Confederate invasion of Kentucky ended with a meaningless victory over Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell at the Battle of Perryville,[176] although Bragg was forced to end his attempt at invading Kentucky and retreat due to lack of support for the Confederacy in that state. Bragg was narrowly defeated by Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans at the Battle of Stones River[177] in Tennessee. The Union's key strategist and tactician in the West was Ulysses S. Grant, who won victories at Forts Henry and Donelson (by which the Union seized control of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers); the Battle of Shiloh;[178] and the Battle of Vicksburg,[179] which cemented Union control of the Mississippi River and is considered one of the turning points of the war. Grant marched to the relief of Rosecrans and defeated Bragg at the Third Battle of Chattanooga,[180] driving Confederate forces out of Tennessee and opening a route to Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy. Extensive guerrilla warfare characterized the trans-Mississippi region, as the Confederacy lacked the troops and the logistics to support regular armies that could challenge Union control.[183] Roving Confederate bands such as Quantrill's Raiders terrorized the countryside, striking both military installations and civilian settlements.[184] The "Sons of Liberty" and "Order of the American Knights" attacked pro-Union people, elected officeholders, and unarmed uniformed soldiers. These partisans could not be entirely driven out of the state of Missouri until an entire regular Union infantry division was engaged. By 1864, these violent activities harmed the nationwide anti-war movement organizing against the re-election of Lincoln. Missouri not only stayed in the Union, Lincoln took 70 percent of the vote for re-election.[185] After the fall of Vicksburg in July 1863, General Kirby Smith in Texas was informed by Jefferson Davis that he could expect no further help from east of the Mississippi River. Although he lacked resources to beat Union armies, he built up a formidable arsenal at Tyler, along with his own Kirby Smithdom economy, a virtual "independent fiefdom" in Texas, including railroad construction and international smuggling. The Union in turn did not directly engage him.[188] Its 1864 Red River Campaign to take Shreveport, Louisiana was a failure and Texas remained in Confederate hands throughout the war. End of war Conquest of Virginia Union forces in the East attempted to maneuver past Lee and fought several battles during that phase ("Grant's Overland Campaign") of the Eastern campaign. Grant's battles of attrition at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor[190] resulted in heavy Union losses, but forced Lee's Confederates to fall back repeatedly. An attempt to outflank Lee from the south failed under Butler, who was trapped inside the Bermuda Hundred river bend. Grant was tenacious and, despite astonishing losses (over 65,000 casualties in seven weeks),[191] kept pressing Lee's Army of Northern Virginia back to Richmond. He pinned down the Confederate army in the Siege of Petersburg, where the two armies engaged in trench warfare for over nine months. Meanwhile, Sherman maneuvered from Chattanooga to Atlanta, defeating Confederate Generals Joseph E. Johnston and John Bell Hood along the way. The fall of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, guaranteed the reelection of Lincoln as president.[193] Hood left the Atlanta area to swing around and menace Sherman's supply lines and invade Tennessee in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.[194] Union Maj. Gen. John Schofield defeated Hood at the Battle of Franklin, and George H. Thomas dealt Hood a massive defeat at the Battle of Nashville, effectively destroying Hood's army. Confederacy surrenders Map of Confederate territory losses year by year Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, at the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Court House.[197] In an untraditional gesture and as a sign of Grant's respect and anticipation of peacefully restoring Confederate states to the Union, Lee was permitted to keep his sword and his horse, Traveller. On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer. Lincoln died early the next morning, and Andrew Johnson became president. Meanwhile, Confederate forces across the South surrendered as news of Lee's surrender reached them.[198] President Johnson officially declared a virtual end to the insurrection on May 9, 1865.[1] On June 23, 1865, Cherokee leader Stand Watie was the last Confederate General to surrender his forces.[199] Europe in the 1860s was more fragmented than it had been since before the American Revolution. France was in a weakened state while Britain was still shocked by its own poor performance in the Crimean War.[200] France was unable or unwilling to support either side without Britain, where popular support remained with the Union though elite opinion was more varied. They were further distracted by Germany and Italy, who were experiencing unification troubles, and by Russia, who was almost unflinching in their support for the Union.[200][201] Though the Confederacy hoped that Britain and France would join them against the Union, this was never likely, and so they instead tried to bring Britain and France in as mediators.[200][201] The Union, under Lincoln and Secretary of State William H. Seward worked to block this, and threatened war if any country officially recognized the existence of the Confederate States of America. In 1861, Southerners voluntarily embargoed cotton shipments, hoping to start an economic depression in Europe that would force Britain to enter the war in order to get cotton but this did not work.[202] Worse, Europe developed other cotton suppliers, which they found superior, hindering the South's recovery after the war. Charles Francis Adams proved particularly adept as minister to Britain for the U.S. and Britain was reluctant to boldly challenge the blockade. The Confederacy purchased several warships from commercial ship builders in Britain. The most famous, the CSS Alabama, did considerable damage and led to serious postwar disputes. However, public opinion against slavery created a political liability for European politicians, especially in Britain (which had abolished slavery in her its colonies in 1834).[204] Victory and aftermath Results and costs The causes of the war, the reasons for its outcome, and even the name of the war itself are subjects of lingering contention today. There is much less dispute about the results. Confederate nationalism died. American nationalism triumphed. The North and West grew rich while the once-rich South became poor for a century. The national political power of the slaveowners and rich southerners ended. Historians are less sure about the results of the postwar Reconstruction, especially regarding the second class citizenship of the Freedmen and their poverty. The Freedmen did indeed get their freedom, their citizenship, and control of their lives, their families and their churches. Historians have debated whether the Confederacy could have won the war. Most scholars, such as James McPherson, argue that Confederate victory was at least possible.[206] McPherson argues that the North's advantage in population and resources made Northern victory likely but not guaranteed. He also argues that if the Confederacy had fought using unconventional tactics, they would have more easily been able to hold out long enough to exhaust the Union.[207] Comparison of Union and CSA, 1860–1864[208] Population186022,100,000 (71%)9,100,000 (29%) 186428,800,000 (90%)[209]3,000,000 (10%)[210] Free186021,700,000 (81%)5,600,000 (19%) Slave1860400,000 (11%)3,500,000 (89%) 1864negligible1,900,000 [211] Soldiers1860–642,100,000 (67%)1,064,000 (33%) Railroad miles186021,800 (71%)8,800 (29%) 186429,100 (98%) [212]negligible Arms production186097%3% Cotton bales1860negligible4,500,000 Many scholars argue that the Union held an insurmountable long-term advantage over the Confederacy in terms of industrial strength and population. Confederate actions, they argue, only delayed defeat.[214][215][216] Civil War historian Shelby Foote expressed this view succinctly: "I think that the North fought that war with one hand behind its back ... If there had been more Southern victories, and a lot more, the North simply would have brought that other hand out from behind its back. I don't think the South ever had a chance to win that War."[217] The war produced about 1,030,000 casualties (3% of the population), including about 620,000 soldier deaths—two-thirds by disease, and 50,000 civilians.[219] Binghamton University historian J. David Hacker believes the number of soldier deaths was approximately 750,000, 20% higher than traditionally estimated, and possibly as high as 850,000.[220][221] The war accounted for roughly as many American deaths as all American deaths in other U.S. wars combined.[222] One in thirteen veterans were amputees Remains of both sides were reinterred National cemetery in Andersonville GA Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6% in the North and 18% in the South.[223][224] About 56,000 soldiers died in prison camps during the War.[225] An estimated 60,000 men lost limbs in the war.[226] The war destroyed much of the wealth that had existed in the South. All accumulated investment Confederate bonds was forfeit; most banks and railroads were bankrupt. Income per person in the South dropped to less than 40% of that of the North, a condition which lasted until well into the 20th century. Southern influence in the US federal government, previously considerable, was greatly diminished until the latter half of the 20th century.[227] The full restoration of the Union was the work of a highly contentious postwar era known as Reconstruction. Issue of Slavery During the War While not all Southerners saw themselves as fighting to preserve slavery, most of the officers and over a third of the rank and file in Lee's army had close family ties to slavery. To Northerners, in contrast, the motivation was primarily to preserve the Union, not to abolish slavery.[228] Abraham Lincoln consistently made preserving the Union the central goal of the war, though he increasingly saw slavery as a crucial issue and made ending it an additional goal.[229] Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation angered both Peace Democrats ("Copperheads") and War Democrats, but energized most Republicans.[230] By warning that free blacks would flood the North, Democrats made gains in the 1862 elections, but they did not gain control of Congress. The Republicans' counterargument that slavery was the mainstay of the enemy steadily gained support, with the Democrats losing decisively in the 1863 elections in the northern state of Ohio when they tried to resurrect anti-black sentiment.[231] Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation enabled African-Americans, both free blacks and escaped slaves, to join the Union Army.[232] About 190,000 volunteered, further enhancing the numerical advantage the Union armies enjoyed over the Confederates, who did not dare emulate the equivalent manpower source for fear of fundamentally undermining the legitimacy of slavery.[233] During the Civil War, sentiment concerning slaves, enslavement and emancipation in the United States was divided. In 1861, Lincoln worried that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that "to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game." [234] Copperheads and some War Democrats opposed emancipation, although the latter eventually accepted it as part of total war needed to save the Union.[235] In 1863, the Union army accepted Freedmen. Here are Black and White teen-aged soldiers. At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Frémont (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida) to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln warned the border states that a more radical type of emancipation would happen if his gradual plan based on compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization was rejected.[236] But only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, which was enacted by Congress. When Lincoln told his cabinet about his proposed emancipation proclamation, Seward advised Lincoln to wait for a victory before issuing it, as to do otherwise would seem like "our last shriek on the retreat".[237] Lincoln laid the groundwork for public support in an open letter published letter to abolitionist Horace Greeley's newspaper.[238] In September 1862, the Battle of Antietam provided this opportunity, and the subsequent War Governors' Conference added support for the proclamation.[239] Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, and his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. In his letter to Albert G. Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that "If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong ... And yet I have never understood that the Presidency conferred upon me an unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling ... I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me." [240] Lincoln's moderate approach succeeded in inducing border states, War Democrats and emancipated slaves to fight for the Union. The Union-controlled border states (Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia) and Union controlled regions around New Orleans, Norfolk and elsewhere, were not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation. All abolished slavery on their own, except Kentucky and Delaware.[241] Since the Emancipation Proclamation was based on the President's war powers, it only included territory held by Confederates at the time. However, the Proclamation became a symbol of the Union's growing commitment to add emancipation to the Union's definition of liberty.[242] The Emancipation Proclamation greatly reduced the Confederacy's hope of getting aid from Britain or France.[243] By late 1864, Lincoln was playing a leading role in getting Congress to vote for the Thirteenth Amendment, which made emancipation universal and permanent.[244] Northern teachers traveled into the South to provide education and training for the newly freed population. Reconstruction began during the war, with the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 and continued to 1877.[245] It comprised multiple complex methods to resolve the war, the most important of which were the three "Reconstruction Amendments" to the Constitution which remain in effect to the present time: the 13th (1865), the 14th (1868) and the 15th (1870). From the Union perspective, the goals of Reconstruction were to guarantee the Union victory on the battlefield by reuniting the Union; to guarantee a "republican form of government for the ex-Confederate states; and to permanently end slavery—and prevent semi-slavery status.[246] President Johnson took a lenient approach and saw the achievement of the main war goals as realized in 1865, when each ex-rebel state repudiated secession and ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. Radical Republicans demanded strong proof that Confederate nationalism was dead and the slaves were truly free. They came to the fore after the 1866 elections and undid much of Johnson's work. They used the Army to dissolve Southern state governments and hold new elections with Freedmen voting. The result was a Republican coalition that took power in ten states for varying lengths of time, staying in power with the help of U.S. Army units and black voters. Grant was elected president in 1868 and continued the Radical policies. Meanwhile the Freedmen's Bureau, started by Lincoln in 1865 to help the freed slaves, played a major role in helping the blacks and arranging work for them. In opposition paramilitary groups such as the first Ku Klux Klan used violence to thwart these efforts.[247] The "Liberal Republicans" argued the war goals had been achieved and Reconstruction should end. They ran a ticket in 1872 but were decisively defeated as Grant was reelected. In 1874, Democrats took control of Congress and opposed any more reconstruction. The disputed 1876 elections were resolved by the Compromise of 1877 which put Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in the White House. He pulled out the last federal troops and the last Republican state governments in the South collapsed, marking the end of Civil War and Reconstruction.[248] Memory and historiography Cherokee Confederates reunion in New Orleans, 1903 Beginning in 1961 the U.S. Post Office released Commemorative stamps for five famous battles, each issued on the 100th anniversary of the respective battle. Civil War commemoration [252] The American Civil War has been commemorated in many capacities ranging from the reenactment of battles, to statues and memorial halls erected, to films being produced, to stamps and coins with Civil War themes being issued, all of which helped to shape public memory. This varied advent occurred in greater proportions on the 100th and 150th anniversary. [252] Hollywood's take on the war has been especially influential in shaping public memory, as seen in such film classics as Birth of a Nation (1915), Gone with the Wind (1939), and Lincoln (2012). See also General reference Ethnic articles Topical articles National articles 1. ^ a b "IMPORTANT PROCLAMATIONS. – The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There.". New York: Retrieved 2012-11-19.  2. ^ Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889) 4. ^ Official DOD data 6. ^ Territories are organized areas that could potentially become states. 10. ^ "Killing ground: photographs of the Civil War and the changing American landscape". John Huddleston (2002). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6773-6. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 12. ^ See sections below this introduction, including citations in these four: Freehling, William W., The Road to Disunion: Secessionists Triumphant 1854–1861, pp. 9–24, and Martis, Kenneth C., "The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989", ISBN 0-02-920170-5, p. 111–115, and Foner, Eric. Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War, Oxford U. Press, 1980 ISBN 0-19-502781-7, p. 18–20, 21–24, and Eskridge, Larry (Jan 29, 2011). "After 150 years, we still ask: Why 'this cruel war'?.". Canton Daily Ledger (Canton, Illinois). Retrieved 2011-01-29. 13. ^ Fletcher Melvin Green (1930). Constitutional Development in the South Atlantic States, 1776–1860: A Study in the Evolution of Democracy. U. of North Carolina Press. p. 291.  14. ^ William Earl Weeks (2013). The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations. Cambridge U.P. p. 240.  15. ^ Christopher J. Olsen (2002). Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860. Oxford University Press. p. 237.  16. ^ Miriam Forman-Brunell, Leslie Paris (2010) "The Girls' History and Culture Reader: The Nineteenth Century". University of Illinois Press. p.136. ISBN 978-0-252-07765-4. "Recognized as a searing indictment of slavery, Gordon's portrait was presented as the latest evidence in the abolitionist campaign. ... Abolitionist leaders such as William Lloyd Garrison referred to it repeatedly in their work." 18. ^ McPherson, "Battle Cry", pp. 88–91. In Gerson, Harriet Beecher Stowe, p. 68; See also Stowe, Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1953), p. 39. 24. ^ Vote fraud in Kansas 25. ^ Potter, The Impending Crisis, 299–327. 28. ^ Potter, David. The Impending Crisis, p. 275. 31. ^ Potter, David. The Impending Crisis, pp. 356–384. 34. ^ Schott, Thomas E. (1996). Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-8071-2106-1.  35. ^ 36. ^ 40. ^ James McPherson, This Mighty Scourge, pp. 3–9. 45. ^ Clement Eaton, Freedom of Thought in the Old South (1940) 46. ^ John Hope Franklin, The Militant South 1800–1861 (1956). 51. ^ Hofstadter, Richard (1938). "The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War". American Historical Review 44 (1): 50–55. JSTOR 1840850.  55. ^ Bestor, 1964, pp. 10–11 56. ^ McPherson, 2007, p. 14. 57. ^ McPherson, 2007, p. 14. 58. ^ Stampp, pp. 190–193. 59. ^ Bestor, 1964, p. 11. 60. ^ Krannawitter, 2008, pp. 49–50. 61. ^ McPherson, 2007, pp. 13–14. 62. ^ Bestor, 1964, pp. 17–18. 63. ^ Guelzo, pp. 21–22. 64. ^ Bestor, 1964, p. 15. 65. ^ Miller, 2008, p. 153. 66. ^ McPherson, 2007, p. 3. 67. ^ Bestor, 1964, p. 19. 68. ^ McPherson, 2007, p. 16. 69. ^ Bestor, 1964, pp. 19–20. 70. ^ a b c d Bestor, 1964, p. 21 71. ^ a b c Bestor, 1964, p. 20 72. ^ Russell, 1966, p. 468–469 73. ^ a b Bestor, 1964, p. 23 74. ^ Varon, 2008, p. 58 75. ^ Russell, 1966, p. 470 76. ^ Varon, 2008, p. 34 77. ^ Bestor, 1964, p. 24 78. ^ Bestor, 1964, pp. 23–24 79. ^ Holt, 2004, pp. 34–35. 80. ^ McPherson, 2007, p. 7. 81. ^ Krannawitter, 2008, p. 232. 82. ^ Gara, 1964, p. 190 83. ^ Bestor, 1964, pp. 24–25. 84. ^ Potter, David M. (1962). "The Historian's Use of Nationalism and Vice Versa". American Historical Review 67 (4): 924–950. JSTOR 1845246.  90. ^ David Potter, The Impending Crisis, p. 485. 91. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 254. 92. ^ President James Buchanan, Message of December 8, 1860. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 93. ^ "Profile Showing the Grades upon the Different Routes Surveyed for the Union Pacific Rail Road Between the Missouri River and the Valley of the Platte River". World Digital Library. 1865. Retrieved 2013-07-16.  94. ^ Ordinances of Secession by State. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 96. ^ The text of A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 97. ^ The text of Georgia's secession declaration. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 98. ^ The text of A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 99. ^ Declaration of Causes of Secession. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 103. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 284–287. 109. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 303. 112. ^ a b McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 234–266. 113. ^ a b Schouler, William. Massachusetts in the Civil War, William Schouler. 1868 republished by Digital Scanning Inc, 2003. Retrieved book cover November 28, 2012 114. ^ Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, Monday, March 4, 1861. 115. ^ Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861. 117. ^ Bornstein, David (April 14, 2011). "Lincoln's Call to Arms". Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2011-08-11.  118. ^ "Lincoln's Call for Troops".  119. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 274. 121. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 276–307. 122. ^ Keegan, "The American Civil War", p.73. Over 10,000 military engagements took place during the war, 40% of them in Virginia and Tennessee. See Gabor Boritt, ed. War Comes Again (1995), p. 247. 123. ^ "With an actual strength of 1,080 officers and 14,926 enlisted men on June 30, 1860, the Regular Army ..." Civil War Extracts p. 199–221, American Military History. 124. ^ Coulter, E. Merton, "Confederate States of America", p.308. Accounts of historians differ as to the date and the agency of the Confederate 100,000-man call. See also Matloff, Maurice (1973). "American Military History". U.S. Army and U.S. Government Printing Office, ISBN 0-938289-70-5, ISBN 978-0-938289-70-8. Retrieved 2012-11-28. , "Secession, Sumter, and Standing to Arms", "... on March 6 the new Confederate Executive, Jefferson Davis, called for a 100,000-man volunteer force to serve for twelve months ..." . See also Civil War extracts, American Military History Online. Retrieved 2012-11-28. and Nicolay, J.G. and Hay, John. Abraham Lincoln: a history, vol. 4, p.264. Retrieved 2012-11-28. "Since the organization of the Montgomery government in February, some four different calls for Southern volunteers had been made ... In his message of April 29 to the rebel Congress, Jefferson Davis proposed to organize for instant action an army of 100,000 ..." Coulter reports that Alexander Stephens took this to mean Davis wanted unilateral control of a standing army, and from that moment on became a implacable opponent. 134. ^ Ella Lonn, Desertion during the Civil War (1928), pp. 205–6. 136. ^ John Keegan (2009). The American Civil War. Knopf Doubleday. p. 57.  137. ^ Michael Perman and Amy Murrell Taylor, eds. (2010). Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction. Cengage. p. 177.  140. ^ Donald L. Canney (1998). Lincoln's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization, 1861–65. Naval Institute Press. p. ??. 142. ^ Timothy D. Johnson, Winfield Scott (1998) p. 228 143. ^ Anderson, By Sea and by river, p. 288–289, 296–298. 144. ^ Nelson, 2005, p. 92 145. ^ Anderson, By Sea and by river, p. 300 147. ^ Nelson, 2005, pp. 345 148. ^ Fuller, 2008, p. 36 153. ^ Anderson, "By Sea and by river". p.300" 155. ^ Bern Anderson, By Sea and by river, p. 91. 157. ^ Myron J. Smith, Tinclads in the Civil War: Union Light-Draught Gunboat Operations on Western Waters, 1862–1865 (2009) 161. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 339–345. 162. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 342. 164. ^ Bruce Catton, Terrible Swift Sword, pp. 263–296. 165. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 424–427. 166. ^ a b McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 538–544. 167. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 528–533. 168. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 543–545. 169. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 557–558. 170. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 571–574. 171. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 639–645. 172. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 653–663. 173. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 664. 174. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 404–405. 175. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 418–420. 176. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 419–420. 177. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 480–483. 178. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 405–413. 179. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 637–638. 180. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 677–680. 183. ^ James B. Martin, Third War: Irregular Warfare on the Western Border 1861–1865 (Combat Studies Institute Leavenworth Paper series, number 23, 2012). See also, Michael Fellman, Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri during the Civil War (1989). Missouri alone was the scene of over 1,000 engagements between regular units, and uncounted numbers of guerrilla attacks and raids by informal pro-Confederate bands, especially in the recently settled western counties. 187. ^ J. Frederick Neet, Jr. "Stand Watie: Confederate General in the Cherokee Nation," Great Plains Journal (1996) 6#1 pp 36–51. 188. ^ Keegan, "The American Civil War: a military history", p. 220–221 190. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 724–735. 191. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 741–742. 192. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 778–779. 193. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 773–776. 194. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 812–815. 195. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 825–830. 196. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 846–847. 200. ^ a b c McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 546–557. 202. ^ a b McPherson, Battle Cry, p. 386. 203. ^ Allan Nevins, War for the Union 1862–1863, pp. 263–264. 206. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 855. 209. ^ "Union population 1864" aggregates 1860 population, average annual immigration 1855–1864, and population governed formerly by CSA per Kenneth Martis source. Contrabands and after the Emancipation Proclamation freedmen, migrating into Union control on the coasts and to the advancing armies, and natural increase are excluded. 212. ^ Digital History Reader, U.S. Railroad Construction, 1860–1880 Virginia Tech, Retrieved 2012-08-21. "Total Union railroad miles" aggregates existing track reported 1860 @ 21800 plus new construction 1860–1864 @ 5000, plus southern railroads administered by USMRR @ 2300. 213. ^ McPherson, Battle Cry, pp. 771–772. 214. ^ Williamson Murray; Alvin Bernstein; MacGregor Knox (1996). The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War. Cambridge U.P. p. 235.  217. ^ Ward 1990. p. 272 218. ^ Fehrenbacher, Don (2004). "Lincoln's Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days". University of Illinois. Retrieved 2007-10-16.  224. ^ Richard Wightman Fox (2008)."National Life After Death". 230. ^ McPherson, pp. 506–8 231. ^ McPherson. p. 686 238. ^ "Lincoln Letter to Greeley, August 22, 1862 " 239. ^ Pulling, Sr. Anne Francis. "Images of America: Altoona, 2001, 10. 240. ^ Lincoln's Letter to A. G. Hodges, April 4, 1864. 241. ^ Harper, Douglas (2003). "SLAVERY in DELAWARE". Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-10-16.  242. ^ " James McPherson, The War that Never Goes Away" 247. ^ Hans L Trefousse, Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian (2005) pp 161–238 • Fuller, Howard J (2008). Clad in Iron – The American Civil War and the Challenge of British Naval Power. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 409. ISBN 978-1-59114-297-3.  • Guelzo, Allen C. Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction (2012) 593pp; covers 1848–1877 excerpt and text search • Keegan, John, The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8. • Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-052404-3.  • Quarstein, John V. (1999). The Battle of the Ironclads. Arcadia Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7385-0113-0.  • Russell, Robert R. (1966). "Constitutional Doctrines with Regard to Slavery in Territories". Journal of Southern History 32 (4): 466–486. doi:10.2307/2204926. JSTOR 2204926.  • Varon, Elizabeth R. Disunion!: The Coming of the American Civil War, 1789–1859. Chapel Hill [N.C.]: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. Reference books, historiography and bibliographies • Woods, Michael E., "What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature," Journal of American History 99 (Sept. 2012), 415–39. Primary sources • John S. Jackman; William C. Davis (March 1, 1997 – Vol. 58, No. Aug 3, 1992). Diary of a Confederate Soldier: John S. Jackman of the Orphan Brigade. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-164-9.  JSTOR online edition Further reading External links

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Ladder logic From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article Jump to: navigation, search Ladder logic was originally a written method to document the design and construction of relay racks as used in manufacturing and process control. Each device in the relay rack would be represented by a symbol on the ladder diagram with connections between those devices shown. In addition, other items external to the relay rack such as pumps, heaters, and so forth would also be shown on the ladder diagram. See relay logic. Although the diagrams themselves have been used since the days when logic could only be implemented using switches and electromechanical relays, the term 'ladder logic' was only latterly adopted with the advent of solid state programmable logic. Ladder logic has evolved into a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware. Ladder logic is used to develop software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial control applications. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical rails and a series of horizontal rungs between them. While ladder diagrams were once the only available notation for recording programmable controller programs, today other forms are standardized in IEC 61131-3. Part of a ladder diagram, including contacts and coils, compares, timers and monostable multivibrators Ladder logic is widely used to program PLCs, where sequential control of a process or manufacturing operation is required. Ladder logic is useful for simple but critical control systems or for reworking old hardwired relay circuits. As programmable logic controllers became more sophisticated it has also been used in very complex automation systems. Often the ladder logic program is used in conjunction with an HMI program operating on a computer workstation. The motivation for representing sequential control logic in a ladder diagram was to allow factory engineers and technicians to develop software without additional training to learn a language such as FORTRAN or other general purpose computer language. Development, and maintenance, was simplified because of the resemblance to familiar relay hardware systems.[1] Implementations of ladder logic have characteristics, such as sequential execution and support for control flow features, that make the analogy to hardware somewhat inaccurate. This argument has become less relevant given that most ladder logic programmers have a software background in more conventional programming languages. Manufacturers of programmable logic controllers generally also provide associated ladder logic programming systems. Typically the ladder logic languages from two manufacturers will not be completely compatible; ladder logic is better thought of as a set of closely related programming languages rather than one language. (The IEC 61131-3 standard has helped to reduce unnecessary differences, but translating programs between systems still requires significant work.) Even different models of programmable controllers within the same family may have different ladder notation such that programs cannot be seamlessly interchanged between models. Ladder logic can be thought of as a rule-based language rather than a procedural language. A "rung" in the ladder represents a rule. When implemented with relays and other electromechanical devices, the various rules "execute" simultaneously and immediately. When implemented in a programmable logic controller, the rules are typically executed sequentially by software, in a continuous loop (scan). By executing the loop fast enough, typically many times per second, the effect of simultaneous and immediate execution is achieved, if considering intervals greater than the "scan time" required to execute all the rungs of the program. Proper use of programmable controllers requires understanding the limitations of the execution order of rungs. Example of a simple ladder logic program[edit] The language itself can be seen as a set of connections between logical checkers (contacts) and actuators (coils). If a path can be traced between the left side of the rung and the output, through asserted (true or "closed") contacts, the rung is true and the output coil storage bit is asserted (1) or true. If no path can be traced, then the output is false (0) and the "coil" by analogy to electromechanical relays is considered "de-energized". The analogy between logical propositions and relay contact status is due to Claude Shannon. Ladder logic has contacts that make or break circuits to control coils. Each coil or contact corresponds to the status of a single bit in the programmable controller's memory. Unlike electromechanical relays, a ladder program can refer any number of times to the status of a single bit, equivalent to a relay with an indefinitely large number of contacts. So-called "contacts" may refer to physical ("hard") inputs to the programmable controller from physical devices such as pushbuttons and limit switches via an integrated or external input module, or may represent the status of internal storage bits which may be generated elsewhere in the program. Each rung of ladder language typically has one coil at the far right. Some manufacturers may allow more than one output coil on a rung. The "coil" (output of a rung) may represent a physical output which operates some device connected to the programmable controller, or may represent an internal storage bit for use elsewhere in the program. Logical AND[edit] ------[ ]--------------[ ]----------------( ) Key Switch 1 Key Switch 2 Door Motor The above realizes the function: Door Motor = Key Switch 1 AND Key Switch 2 This circuit shows two key switches that security guards might use to activate an electric motor on a bank vault door. When the normally open contacts of both switches close, electricity is able to flow to the motor which opens the door. Logical AND with NOT[edit] ------[ ]--------------[\]----------------( ) Close Door Obstruction Door Motor The above realizes the function: Door Motor = Close door AND NOT(Obstruction). This circuit shows a pushbutton that closes a door, and an obstruction detector that senses if something is in the way of the closing door. When the normally open pushbutton contact closes and the normally closed obstruction detector is closed (no obstruction detected), electricity is able to flow to the motor which closes the door. Logical OR[edit] --+-------[ ]-------+-----------------( ) | Exterior Unlock | Unlock | | +-------[ ]-------+ Interior Unlock The above realizes the function: Unlock = Interior Unlock OR Exterior Unlock This circuit shows the two things that can trigger a car's power door locks. The remote receiver is always powered. The lock solenoid gets power when either set of contacts is closed. Industrial STOP/START[edit] In common industrial latching start/stop logic we have a "start" button to turn on a motor contactor, and a "stop" button to turn off the contactor. When the "start" button is pushed the input goes true, via the "stop" button NC contact. When the "run" input becomes true the seal-in "run" NO contact in parallel with the "start" NO contact will close maintaining the input logic true (latched or sealed-in). After the circuit is latched the "stop" button may be pushed causing its NC contact to open and consequently the input to go false. The "run" NO contact then opens and the circuit logic returns to its quiescent state. --+----[ ]--+----[\]----( ) | start | stop run | | +----[ ]--+ run The above realizes the function: run = ( start OR run ) AND ( NOT stop ) Note the use of parenthesis to group the logical OR function before evaluating the logical AND function (which has a higher order of operation priority). Also note the use of NOT to represent the "stop" NC contact logic. This latch configuration is a common idiom in ladder logic. In ladder logic it is referred to as seal-in logic. The key to understanding the latch is in recognizing that "start" switch is a momentary switch (once the user releases the button, the switch is open again). As soon as the "run" solenoid engages, it closes the "run" NO contact, which latches the solenoid on. The "start" switch opening up then has no effect. For safety reasons, an Emergency-Stop and/or Stop should be hardwired in series with the Start switch, and the relay logic should reflect this. --[\]----[\]----+--[ ]--+---------( ) ES Stop | Start | Motor | | +--[ ]--+ Run Complex logic[edit] Here is an example of what two rungs in a ladder logic program might look like. In real world applications, there may be hundreds or thousands of rungs. Typically, complex ladder logic is 'read' left to right and top to bottom. As each of the lines (or rungs) are evaluated the output coil of a rung may feed into the next stage of the ladder as an input. In a complex system there will be many "rungs" on a ladder, which are numbered in order of evaluation. 1. ----[ ]---------+----[ ]-----+----( ) Switch | HiTemp | A/C | | +----[ ]-----+ Humid 2. ----[ ]----[\]--------------------( ) A/C Heat Cooling Line 1 realizes the function: A/C = Switch AND ( HiTemp OR Humid ) Line 2 realizes the function: Cooling = A/C AND ( NOT Heat ) This represents a slightly more complex system for rung 2. After the first line has been evaluated, the output coil "A/C" is fed into rung 2, which is then evaluated and the output coil "Cooling" could be fed into an output device "Compressor" or into rung 3 on the ladder. This system allows very complex logic designs to be broken down and evaluated. Additional functionality[edit] Additional functionality can be added to a ladder logic implementation by the PLC manufacturer as a special block. When the special block is powered, it executes code on predetermined arguments. These arguments may be displayed within the special block. +-------+ -----[ ]--------------------+ A +---- Remote Unlock +-------+ Remote Counter +-------+ -----[ ]--------------------+ B +---- Interior Unlock +-------+ Interior Counter +--------+ --------------------+ A + B +----------- | into C | +--------+ Adder In this example, the system will count the number of times that the interior and remote unlock buttons are pressed. This information will be stored in memory locations A and B. Memory location C will hold the total number of times that the door has been unlocked electronically. PLCs have many types of special blocks. They include timers, arithmetic operators and comparisons, table lookups, text processing, PID control, and filtering functions. More powerful PLCs can operate on a group of internal memory locations and execute an operation on a range of addresses, for example,to simulate a physical sequential drum controller or a finite state machine. In some cases, users can define their own special blocks, which effectively are subroutines or macros. The large library of special blocks along with high speed execution has allowed use of PLCs to implement very complex automation systems. Limitations and successor languages[edit] Ladder notation is best suited to control problems where only binary variables are required and where interlocking and sequencing of binary is the primary control problem. Since execution of rungs is sequential within a program and may be undefined or obscure within a rung, some logic race conditions are possible which may produce unexpected results; complex rungs are best broken into several simpler steps to avoid this problem. Some manufacturers avoid this problem by explicitly and completely defining the execution order of a rung, however programmers may still have problems fully grasping the resulting complex semantics. Analog quantities and arithmetical operations are clumsy to express in ladder logic and each manufacturer has different ways of extending the notation for these problems. There is usually limited support for arrays and loops, often resulting in duplication of code to express cases which in other languages would call for use of indexed variables. As microprocessors have become more powerful, notations such as sequential function charts and function block diagrams can replace ladder logic for some limited applications. Very large programmable controllers may have all or part of the programming carried out in a dialect that resembles BASIC or C or other programming language with bindings appropriate for a real-time application environment. See also[edit] 1. ^ Edward W. Kamen Industrial Controls and Manufacturing, (Academic Press, 1999) ISBN 0123948509, Chapter 8 Ladder Logic Diagrams and PLC Implementations External links[edit]

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EDITORIAL: GOP's turn to draw legislative districts on May 11, 2012 at 7:10 AM, updated May 11, 2012 at 7:13 AM Lawmakers are expected to return to Montgomery next week to redraw the boundaries of their 105 seats in the House and 35 in the Senate. But it would be more accurate to say that Republican lawmakers, who have controlled both houses since November 2010, will determine what Alabama's legislative map will look like for a decade. This exercise is called redistricting, and Democrats had their way for the 136 years that preceded the last general election. Democrats controlled the House 68-37 and the Senate, 24-11 in 2000. Republicans now have a 66-39 majority in the House and 22-12 majority (and one independent) in the Senate. After each federal census, election districts must be redrawn to reflect population changes in the districts for Congress, the Legislature, the state school board and local governments. The ideal House district would have 45,521 residents, and a Senate district, 136,564, reflecting the one-man, one-vote principle. The actual population of a district may vary a couple of percentage points from the ideal. Overall, Alabama's population grew sluggishly in the decade before 2010, so the lines separating many House districts may not change much. This isn't the case for the state's few pockets of growth, including Madison and Shelby counties. Madison County would pick up a House seat to add to the seven it already has and may gain a portion of its sixth Senate seat. This would give the county that much more influence in Montgomery. Under one proposal, the new House seat would be kidney-shaped and pick up parts of west Huntsville near Redstone Arsenal as it stretches north through Cummings Research Park toward Monrovia. The House seat held by Rep. Laura Hall, D-Huntsville, would need to grow by 3,141 people to bring it to the ideal figure. That district might extend to the west through Harvest and take in a part of Rep. Phil Williams' seat. Sen. Bill Holtzclaw's Senate District 2 must be drastically overhauled because it now has 46,122 residents more than the ideal. That's even more people than the target for a new House district. The district lines for the county's other five Senate seats will require changes, too. When they controlled the Legislature, Democrats had the opportunity to redraw the districts as much to their liking as the law allowed, and now Republicans have the chance to play tit for tat. The proposed district for Sen. Tammy Irons, D-Florence, who represents Colbert and Lauderdale counties, sounds like it was drawn by someone giddy after a couple glasses of bourbon. She could wind up in a district that represents an area as far east as Memorial Parkway in Huntsville. The district would embrace lots of Republicans as it cuts east from the middle of Florence, across Lauderdale and Limestone counties before it takes in part of heavily Republican Madison County. Republicans would take Democratic-leaning Colbert County away from her. Democrats have some absurd gerrymandering in their history, too. The Senate and House members sponsoring the redistricting plans said they could be changed before the Legislature goes into special session. But Springville Republican Rep. Jim McClendon, a co-chair of the Permanent Legislative Committee on Reapportionment, did note that the number of majority-black House districts in Alabama would increase from 27 to 28. Overall, Republicans will push to draw district lines that will strengthen the chances for GOP lawmakers to be elected or re-elected - and weaken Democrats' opportunities. But to the extent practical, lawmakers should respect reasonable boundaries, roads, rivers, county lines and the like, and not just follow voting patterns. Much about redistricting doesn't sound like a fair way to determine representation, and sometimes it isn't. That's politics. By Mike Hollis, for the editorial board. Email:

http://blog.al.com/times-views/2012/05/editorial_gops_turn_to_draw_le.html

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Blogging TV, one show at a time The Walking Dead: Cherokee Rose The Walking Dead Nov. 6, 2011 “What did Dr. Jenner whisper in Rick’s ear?” may be the burning question on The Walking Dead, but others arise with each new episode. Help a blogger out in the comments if you can… (PLEASE USE SPOILER ALERTS if an answer comes from the graphic novels.) 8 Questions – Some New, Others Lingering – About The Walking Dead 1. What does 22 signify? I don’t recall seeing Shane’s necklace – a “22” charm and chain – last season, but it’s gotten plenty of screen time these past few episodes. In this one, we first see it accessorizing an oversized plaid shirt and denim overalls previously owned by Otis. Thank goodness Shane changes into better-fitting clothes for the remainder of the episode; he was looking a bit Sling Blade. The number 22 adorning Shane 2. Who was that? During the funeral for Otis, a random guy steps forward to place a rock on his grave. Granted, I haven’t paid too much attention to Hershel’s People, but I half expected him to be red-shirted later. Alas, that did not happen. 3. Hershel’s People don’t carry guns? Really? When Shane brings up the need to provide gun training to their fellow survivors, Hershel balks at turning his property into an “armed camp.” How are these people still alive? Do the zombies just bounce off the barbed-wire fencing and shuffle away? 4. OK, then where do they get the fuel? Last recap, we discussed multiple theories regarding how Hershel powers his house. My favorite, from Matt: zombie-mice wheels. When pointing Dale toward the various wells on the property, Maggie mentions the “generator shed.” Question answered, part one anyway. But where does the seemingly endless supply of fuel come from? Maybe Random Guy spends his days searching for fuel. That would explain his absence up until now. 5. Huh? When Daryl sets off again to search for Sophia, Rick urges him to wait until they all can do so in a more organized manner. He says to Daryl, “It lets you off the hook. You don’t owe us anything.” Wait. What? Daryl wasn’t responsible for Sophia getting lost. And since when do the survivors “owe” each other anything. They stay together because they believe it gives them a greater chance for survival. Did I miss something? You leave Daryl alone, Rick! (Gene Page/AMC) 6. Was that the most disgusting zombie scene of the season, or what? Consider this one a rhetorical question, as it most certainly was. Watch a behind-the-scenes video about the making of the swimmer. (Note to self: Eat dinner before The Walking Dead from here on out, not during.) 7. What is Hershel hiding? When discussing the search for Sophia, Shane asks the question, “What happens if we find her and she’s bit?” Rick answers, “You do what has to be done.” Maggie counters, “And her mother, what do you tell her?” Hershel shuts her up with a subtle shake of his head. Later in the episode, when Rick makes a case for allowing his people to stay on at Hershel’s place, despite already having been told not to get too comfortable, Hershel tells him, “There are aspects to this, things that I can’t and won’t discuss.” Are Hershel’s People hiding zombie family members elsewhere on the property? 8. Don’t pregnancy tests take longer than 10 seconds? Another rhetorical question. Other stuff that happened during this episode: Maggie asks Glenn to go with her into town to stock up on pharmaceutical items. Lori hears and asks Glenn to “discretely” pick up the item in question above. While there, Glenn and Maggie have an awkward conversation about sex, thanks to Glenn, that actually turns into sex, thanks to Maggie. Right there in the feminine hygiene aisle of the drugstore! Carl continues to rest comfortably. Daryl come across a Cherokee Rose during his search for Sophia and brings it back for Carol. He tells Carol the story behind the flower and says, “I’m not fool enough to think there’s any flowers blooming for my brother, but I believe this one bloomed for your little girl.” Have I mentioned lately, how much I love Daryl. Rick takes off his uniform and tucks it away in a dresser with his badges. The pregnancy test reads positive. Glenn, I need you to pick up something for me in town. I won't tell you what it is, but I did write down on this piece of paper the exact brand name of the item that, of course, you will find. (Gene Page/AMC) Pamela Mitchell

http://blog.chron.com/tubular/2011/11/the-walking-dead-cherokee-rose/

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Animals Matter See what Express-News pets' columnist Cathy M. Rosenthal has to say about animals and everything that relates to them. Hypoallergenic Cats In the movie “Cats and Dogs,” a scientist attempts to create a vaccine to prevent people from being allergic to dogs — forcing cats in the movie to rebel and say, “hey, what about us?” Felines have a right to rebel. There are more cat owners in the United States and more people who are allergic to cats than to dogs. Yet research and technology usually favor our canine friend. While no such vaccines exist for either pet (allergy shots offer some relief), researchers have taken selective breeding of pets to the next level. Almost everything in the designer mutt arena is being bred with a poodle, the best dog for people with allergies — Labradoodles, Golden Doodles, etc. Now a research company has decided to do something similar for cats. A company named Allerca has studied Siberian cats for natural variations in the cat gene that controls allergy-inducing properties and has then bred cats with the desired gene to produce a feline that people with allergies might not react to, according to a National Geographic News report. “Siberian cats have been touted by breeders as being hypoallergenic for a long time,” says Leslie Lyons, an assistant professor in the school of veterinary medicine at the University of California, Davis. (Lyons is not involved with the company’s work). There is no genetic engineering involved here, just breeding selectively for certain traits. It’s an interesting take on the problems plaguing allergy-sufferers who also want pets. Can cats be allergic to people? In a separate news report from last year, cats are apparently allergic to some humans. But selectively breeding humans won’t help our feline friends. Instead, we need to change our bad habits: cigarette smoke, dust, and even human dandruff are the culprits that cause cats to have asthma attacks. Categories: Uncategorized mysa admin

http://blog.mysanantonio.com/animals/2006/06/hypoallergenic-cats/?gta=commentlistpos

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Melody Biringer World Cup Celebration: Indulge in Global Treats For weeks we have been huddled around the television, sometimes at ungodly hours of the morning, to watch beautiful men from around the world kick around a soccer ball and compete for the coveted World Cup. Whether you have followed the sport for years or just recently discovered what terms like “off-sides” or “stoppage time” mean, it is truly amazing how soccer can bring entire nations together for a common goal. America’s run has ended, but there are some amazing teams that have risen to the top of the competition! Gather your friends together and indulge in these fun recipes perfect for a summer barbecue or potluck that are inspired by the stand out teams of the 2010 World Cup! Chimichurri Steak- Uruguay/ Argentina Chimichurri is a sauce from South America and is served in countries like Uruguay and Argentina over steak and chicken. 1 cup packed fresh flat leaf parsley ¼ cup packed fresh cilantro ½ cup olive oil 1/3 cup red wine vinegar 2 garlic cloves peeled ¾ teaspoon dried crushed red pepper a pinch of salt and pepper a squeeze of lemon juice 1. Mix all ingredients in a food processor and serve over steak, chicken or fish. Party Sangria- Spain 1 bottle of red wine 1 lemon cut into wedges 1 orange cut into wedges 1 lime cut into wedges 1 apple diced 1 cup raspberries or strawberries 1 small can of diced pineapples with juice 2 tbsp of sugar 4 cups ginger ale or lemon lime soda 2 shots gin or triple sec 1. Pour wine into a large pitcher and squeeze the juice from the lemon, oranges and lime into the wine. 2. Toss in the fruit wedges and add pineapple, apples sugar and gin. 3. Chill overnight. 4. Add ginger ale or soda, berries and ice just before serving. Potato Salad- Germany 2 pounds red potatoes ¼ lb bacon cut into small pieces ½ medium onion chopped 1/3 cup cider vinegar ¼ cup water 1 tbsp sugar 1 tsp salt 1 tsp mustard 2 tbsp chopped fresh parsley 1. Place potatoes in saucepan and cover with water. Bring to a boil over high heat and reduce to simmer, uncovered for 20-30 minutes or until potatoes are fork tender. Drain. Let potatoes cool. Peel potatoes and cut into ¼ inch pieces. 2. Cook bacon in skillet over medium heat until crisp and set aside. 3. Cook onion in bacon drippings until tender. 4. Combine vinegar, water, sugar, salt and mustard in a large bowl. Toss in potatoes and bacon and mix until well coated. 5. Garnish with parsley and serve warm. Oliebollen (Apple Fritters)- Netherlands 2 tbsp sugar 2 pkg yeast 4 cups sugar 5 eggs 2 cups scalded milk ½ cup butter softened 10 cups flour 1 ½ tsp salt 3 diced Granny Smith apples 1 cup raisins pinch of cinnamon canola oil for frying 1. Dissolve 2 tbsp sugar in 1 cup warm water. Sprinkle yeast on top. Let stand while preparing dough. 2. In a large mixing bowl beat eggs, add scalded milk, 1 ½ cups warm water, yeast mixture and butter and beat well. Add flower, 1 cup sugar and salt. Mix well. Add diced apple. 3. Let dough rise in a warm place until it has doubled in size. 4. In a separate bowl mix 3 cups sugar, and cinnamon to taste. 5. Fill a fryer pot with 3-4 inches of canola oil. Heat to 375 degrees and scoop spoonfuls of down into the oil. Turn to ensure even browning. 6. Drain on paper towels. Sprinkle with cinnamon sugar mixture and serve warm. *written by Alyssa Goldberg for the CRAVE company. Alyssa is a lover of all things to do with food and travel- check out her blog, WorldSavour by clicking here. Categories: Uncategorized Melody Biringer

http://blog.seattlepi.com/melodybiringer/2010/07/09/world-cup-celebration-indulge-in-global-treats/

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The panhandler John de Rosier 15 Responses 1. mark says: With the full power, political and financial, of the Presidency and the White House under his total control, add the democrat liberal machine, throw in all the big unions, the entire entitlement receiving class, the hollywood elite, the Jeffrey Immelt/John Corzine types, topped off with a supportive media, and you draw the cartoon above? Well, you did get one thing right, John. That sad face. To paraphrase Pete Seeger, as sung by The Kingston Trio…. “Where have all the donors gone, long time passin’….” 2. Phil says: Is John really so obtuse that he does not understand that Citizens United just evened the playing field? Is his reading so insular that he does not know the the contributions from unions dwarf everything else? (He would have had to read the WSJ yesterday.) Also Obama is having problems raising money because no one wants to throw good money after bad. 3. Albert J says: Oh please, poor Barack is probably sitting down because he’s so tired after spending the past 6 months jetting back and forth across this country attending $40,000/person “fund raisers” for all his fat cat friends, so they could get together, ponder and wring their hands about the troubles all the rest of us have to deal with. Perhaps there’s a lesson in adopting a strategy of spending the second half of your first term, focusing on raising money for your campaign, rather than doing what you were hired for, and then coming up short. 4. Mickie Lynn says: The influence of money from the wealthiest US individuals and corporations pouring into the candidates’ coffers and influencing our elections is a terrifying threat to our democracy. But there is another “money problem” that Mitt Romney brings to his Presidential candidacy. Romney’s own financial behavior appears to support greed, use of tax loopholes, overseas investments (some hidden), Swiss bank accounts, continued personal profits from Bain Capital, and refusal to release more than one year of his Federal Tax returns. This lack of personal integrity is worrying in someone who wants to lead our nation and who is already surprisingly out of touch with the suffering of the other 98% of the American people to say nothing of those who suffer in the rest of the world. It’s not surprising that this behavior would encourage the richest 2% to financially back Mitt Romney’s Presidential bid over that of President Obama. Even though President Obama still has disturbingly close ties to Wall Street and the financial industry. You can read all about it in this four page article in Vanity Fair [link provided below] Where the Money Lives By Nicholas Shaxson If you prefer audio, or video or an interview format that asks probing questions, you can listen to an interview with the author, Nicholas Shaxon. There are also many links provided on the DN! Website — to earlier articles on this subject and to investigations of issues of legality versus morality. 5. PlainGuy says: Hey Mickey Lynn, Does it matter that Romeny earned his own money, used the available tax laws and Banking laws in a legal manner to deposit the money he earned in a place where it makes the most financial sense to his goals? I mean seriously, lets get get back to what matters in this election, the economy, and in that regard, BO has failed to live up to his own promise, and that is if he doesn’t have the economy in better shape then when he started he deserves to be a one termer. Despite all of BO’s fancy economic tricks, including reducing the number of unemployed to reduce the unemployment rate, he has yet to get theunemployment below 8%, and nowhere close to the 5.6% he promised that the trillion dollar stimulous would bring. If you take the time to go to the Bureauof Labor Statistics, and at the magic U6 number on the employment table, you will see that the real unemployment is north of 14%. And last month, June, besides the number of temporary workers included in the employed data, you had the number of new people collecting disability exceed thenumber of purported jobs created. So the need to change the topic from the economy to what does Mitt do with his own money is a red herring meant to distract voters from what the real question of this election is and that is whether BO continueshis economic destructive policies,or some one who has had a real job in the private sector, knows what it means to produce a product, understands business, and the business climate gets elected. thats the real question 6. Albert J says: Will this pure Hypocracy and unadulterated BS ever cease. Mitt Romney’s holdings are handled by a blind trust, which by law, take investment decisions out of his personal hands. This Democrat sniping is disgraceful to the extent that Debbie Wasserman Shultz, The DNC female pit bull, creates all sorts of imaginary speculations about what “MIGHT” be associated with Romney’s holdings, while she has PERSONALLY refused to disclose her own financial holdings to her constituents. Being wealthy does not require a person to behave stupidly. Over a very successful business and financial history, should anyone expect Mr. Romney had different investment objectives than ANYONE else investing money? The standard objective is to make as much interest, with the least possible risk. Does that surprise anyone? Where were all these Democrats so incensed on personal disclosure, during the last election when nobody was allowed to ask any of the hundreds of valid quwestions about Mr Obama’s personal history? Most of those valid questions are still open, and would likely be very helpful in explaining some of the decisions made during this first term. Lets all see those school transcripts, lets get detailed access to full disclosure about Mr. Obams’a admitted “energetic” effots at experimenting with illegal drugs, including which drugs he was talking about. Let’s discuss Mr. Obama’s relationships with Bill Ayres, his college mentors and acknowledged political role models. What, specifically, was the reason for tripling the salary Michele Obama commanded at the hospital, for a job that was subsequently abolished when she left for Washington? Perhaps Democrats should focus more on what their leader has done to effect the monry in their pockets, rather than worry and speculate, all sorts of imaginations, about what their neighbors might have in their pockets. 7. Phil says: Vanity Fair – Please Mickie Lynn show some integrity. I am surprised you did not quote something from Mother Jones. All of your allegations are unfounded. You completely disregard the union money and that evil George Soros and other big left wing Foundations. As I said, it just evened the turf! 8. iknowtruthismine says: As reported today, it seems that 10 of the top 11 donors to Romney’s super PACs have stashed BILLIONS, if not trillions, in tax dodging foreign accounts and tax havens. Makes one proud to pay their fair share, while the corporate rich don’t even pay the piddling rate they have awarded themselves, in the corruption of the tax code already. Legal thievery is still thievery. 9. phil says: John, did you note editorial cartoon in USA Today? Besides, on this one, MSNBC will find something to destroy Romney, be it his money, his family or his record. The hatred exhibited in O’donnel’s eye shows his disdain for Romney, Why not a cartoon showing our poor and hungry begging for some of money. Another funny statistic: Did you know Hitler only got 38% of vote? Money interests put him in power back then. 10. elmer says: Strong supporter of the President, but have a hard time understanding this toon. Obama’s campaing is second to none in fundraising, and it ain’t $20 at a time. As for Romney being rich–so what. JFK was rich, Roosevelt was rich, LBJ was rich. And I always understood that tax avoidance (as opposed to evasion) was a right of all Americans. Rail against the tax laws all you want, and deservedly so, but saying that Romney (or any candidate) is precluded from making use of them is just dumb. 11. PlainGuy says: elmer, the Supreme COurt decided the above in 1934, ie that every American has the legal duty to avoid paying as much taxes as possible within the laws available to each person. here is the decision: SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 293 U.S. 465; (1934 12. iknowtruthismine says: PlainGuy – Gee, Isn’t it great how the very rich have been able to have the tax laws written so that they benefit to such an extent, that it can only be called legal theft. Give them half a chance in their quest to restructure society to service them, they will probably reintroduce the quaint old custom where the Lord of the estate gets to spend the first night with any new bride in his serfdom, known as Jus Primae Noctis. They can tie it to the inevitable legislative attempt (in the Potemkin Village Congress we will end up with)to reintroduce a revisit of Dred Scott, and it will slip by unnoticed. 13. Phil says: I just got it. You are a Right Wing nutjob posing as a Left Wing nutjob to discredit socialists. Wow, there can’t be any other reason for the IKTM posts besides this. 14. Troy Taxpayer says: Godwin’s Law strikes again… 15. Albert J says: One slight difference being that Mr. Romney isn’t supposed to be running the Country instead of spending most of his waking moments fundraising. When he succeeds Mr. Obama, this November, then it will be his primary responsibility to run the country and if he does a poor a job, as Mr. Obama has done, he would be expected to forego fund raising and spend his time and energy fixing what he failed to accomplish before his reelection campaign started. A plumber doesn’t get to solicit new customers while the basement is filling with water from broken pipes, no matter how much he wants new customers..

http://blog.timesunion.com/derosier/the-panhandler-2/4683/

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Cheerleading Should G-O A-W-A-Y By    |   Saturday, December 1, 2007 Filed under: Uncategorized Tags: , I really don’t see the point of cheerleading. How does our school benefit from girls running around doing flips? It’s mind-numbing. The only thing the cheerleaders actually do is inject their stupid cheers into my head. During two hours of JV football, the last thing I need is to hear is, “Let’s get a little bit rowdy, R-O-W a D-Y!” a hundred times. It makes me not even want to go to the football games, which is quite scary considering I live for football. It makes me so happy that some pro football teams have actually gotten rid of their cheerleaders. The Pittsburgh Steelers refuse to participate, for example. And tickets to their regular season games are $600. I love assemblies as much as anyone else; it’s a chance to get out of class. Every once and a while, they can even be quite entertaining. But when the cheerleaders come out, I can’t help it, I always find myself doing one of two things. If I have a test, I study for it. If I don’t have a test, I count the number of times the cheerleaders fall. I can’t help it. I’m not trying to attack cheerleaders; it’s just that what they are doing seems pointless to me. I know that counting how many times cheerleaders fall isn’t nice, because there are some well-rounded cheerleaders out there. Cheerleading injuries are actually a serious problem. According to a recent study cited by ABC News, 16,000 cheerleaders get hurt a year. It’s become much more dangerous in the last two decades, with injuries having increased by 110 percent. reported that a girl in Massachusetts even died last year after falling. What happens if one of the people designated to increase our school spirit dies? The point of cheerleading would be reversed. Ironic. Another thing that upsets me is that cheerleaders are pretty much hopeless when it comes to understanding football. I find it pathetic that the JV cheerleaders root for the defense when we are on offense. For whatever reason, boys seem to be the main reason cheerleading is still around. I think cheerleading is sexist. It’s degrading. Girls are athletes, too, but cheerleading makes it seem like all they’re good for is cheering on guys. We don’t have guy cheerleaders cheering for the girls’ teams. How medieval. Besides, I don’t know why girls would want to show their bodies off like that. Their outfits aren’t exactly family-friendly. Why does the school have a dress code if the cheerleaders are allowed to break it any day the football team has a game? Cheerleading should be banned from our school. The songs are annoying, and the football game is about football, not them. On top of it all, cheerleading is dangerous. Why jeopardize girls’ lives? Join in. Boycott the whole idea of cheerleading. It doesn’t bring spirit; it brings horror, tragedy, and irritation. • Orlando You are soooo right. Cheerleading is very stupid and should just go away. Football, however is even more stupid and it should go first! • Lone Ranger If Suzie goes to school in a short skirt and Jared places his hand up her skirt during English class, he gets slapped by Suzie and expelled by the school. Now, if Suzie is on the sidelines of a football game and is cheerleading and Jared puts his outstretched hand in the air, Suzie will not only let him put his hand up her skirt, but she will willingly jump unpon it after spreading her legs for all to see. Many social stigmas and rules of conduct in our society are illogical and insane. At the end of the day, Jared is going to be feeling Suzie’s nether-region up under her skirt, and whether or not he gets slapped, expelled, jailed, or hailed depends on where he does it. The bottom line is cheerleading is about promoting sex…like it or not. And, I do not believe it is young women being exploited, but rather young women trying to steal glory away from the boys. You can see this throughout our sex-driven society. If women want your attention, they seem to always go into their playbook and call their favorite play…sexploitation! And aren’t young women taught that their primary export is sex. Think about it. When the US economy hit the skids 3 years ago, women flooded the skin industry to make more money. Sorry girls, you are taught young to promote sex and use sex to manipulate your way through life. Please put down the pom poms and go home and while you’re there, why don’t you work harder at character development and less on spreading your thighs. • Lone Ranger I can see where cheerleading may have had a purpose 120 years ago, when people did not know the rules of the game or what was going on back then, let alone if they should be excited by something happening on the field. But, things have changed and sports and all forms of state-sanctioned amusements have been readily accepted by society. Sports are now so ingrained in our minds and the rules that govern these sports, that cheerleading is no longer relevent, except to keep young, scantily clad women in focus on the sidelines, while the young men compete on the field of glory. • Lone Ranger Now, if Suzie showed up to school wearing a short skirt and began kicking up her naked leg in the air in front of 30 students and striking a pose with said leg next to her ear during English class, then demonstrates to the class how far she can spread her legs during a jump, but not before doing a little bump and grind dance, she would be asked to leave class due to lude and crude behavior unbecoming of a young lady. However, if Suzie were to do the same motions on the sidelines of a football game, while wearing her sexy little skirt in front of 3,000 people of all ages, or at half court during a basketball game, she would be applauded for strutting her “stuff”. Seems like our public school system is guilty of promoting conflicting values outside the classroom. But, then again, over the years our public school system has become more of a whore house than a school house, so the antics of cheerleaders should come as no surprise. • Lone Ranger The last thing I will say on this matter is that cheerleading is not a sport…it’s an activity. I know over the past few years it has become more competitive and I have even watched the talented young women and men performing their dynamic routines on ESPN 2 and I dare say they are amazing. Now, I know they work hard and of course they are talented, but this, in and of itself, does not warrant our attention. Shoot, even porn stars have talent and work hard at their craft, but that doesn’t make what they do a sport anymore than the exotic dancer or the local city sanitation engineer. The bottom line is I don’t believe cheerleading is a decent way to express school spirit and it promotes the wrong values. How many worthy young women have complexes because they weren’t “sexy” enough to make the cheerleading squad? How many young men in the stands have indecent thoughts about these cheerleaders as they prance around in their short skirts? How many young women look at these cheerleaders and think this is what society values, so this is what they must become if they want to be popular and successful in school? How many cheerleaders receive preferential treatment from the school and peers alike because they had what it took, when all the other girls did not? How many cheerleaders begin to believe that all they need to do in life to get what they want is shake their booty, show some skin and prance around like a show pony? How many young men can see past all the sexy gyrations, skin, tight outfits, glamour and glitter and can focus on her inner beauty, virtue and value? Not one! So cheerleaders become sex objects to the opposite gender and objects of scorn within their own. And, there is a special place in Hell for those mothers especially, who force their daughters into this sex racket, hence trying to live vicariously though them in order to relive their own glory days or to gain some kind of social honor for giving birth to a CHEERLEADER! Don’t even get me started on those sick mothers who push their little girls into modeling at 2 years of age. And don’t get me started on those mothers who have killed, beaten, or put a hit out on another girl, so her daughter has a better chance of making the cheerleading squad. Perhaps cheerleading should go off on its own and see if it can sink or swim based on its own merits, without forcing fans of other “sports” to be their captive audience. But, if I were king, I’d make it go away. • Christopher Rose The Lone Ranger? More like tonto if you ask me… • Lone Ranger Very clever, Christopher! But, I do not think Tonto had a firm grasp of the white man’s language and I don’t think I ever saw an episode where Tonto wrote the white man’s language. In addition, I believe it is highly unlikely that he was ever invited to an event where the Americanized squaw was featured prancing around like a harlot showing off her goods in front of a crowd. Peace out. :0) • kori I think people need to spell words out instead of using “u, or r.” Anyways, I agree. Cheerleading is overrated, whether cheerleaders agree or not. It may be fun, until someone gets hurt and then what you send them a card and keep on cheering? Also there’s plenty of ways too stay fit..I personally do yoga and gymastics. But I do not try to “pep” people up with short skirts and horribly enormous tits. Excuse the profanity. But its..horrible. instead of giving are school funds too sports and cheerleading we should be putting the funds towards libraries, special classes, and things that will help everyone in the long run. • cheer leading is better than U cheerleading is the tuffest sport. it takes effort to practce 3 hours EVERY night. cheerleading, u have compatition, games u have to practice for.cheerleading may sound stupid but we support the team ulnlikeu losers on the bench getting no exersize. its called work, bach hand springs, dance moves, stunts lip take practice. i sure u would die on the first day sweating soooolong in a gym • cheer leading is better than U the only reason u call it bout sex is false. actully cheerleading u have a under armor shirt, ur half shirt for bottoms u have these under shortts to secure u when ur jumping.and the mini skirt.cheerleading is tuff out their for sooo long cheering hallf the teams competing in compatition 5 diffrent ones with a new5 minute rutin, jumps,stunts,soooo much more it takes dedication to be their every game, every practice, and actully it is hard work • Kaylyn Sparks I was captain of JV my freshman year. I am a senior now and I have not done cheer since, nor have i gone to any games since. I see everyones points, but cheer is hard and somewhat rewarding. Cheerleaders dont lift balls, they lift people. I have seen girls noses get broken, fall, get knocked out, and pass out while stunting! We learned like 50 cheers and i had to know every one of them perfect so i could call them. Plus i had to learn all of varsitys dances plus jvs dances and i still never got any credit! i practiced dances while girls did makeup and messed around and i still got yelled at for something because on cheer if your not preppy and a suck up to the bit… coaches :] they tear you apart! I would say cheer is for people that like getting their ego ripped to shreds and gossip gossip pmsing! maybe that is just in a small town though 2a school. Cheer itself is sooo much fun so let the girls who like it enjoy it! let them have fun too dont be rude. But if you do decide to be a cheerleader just take my advice. 1- get on the coaches daughters good side. 2- never argue with anyone because you will regret it when they start doing personal attacks. 3- never think that if you start on varsity that that is where you stay. I started on varsity, got brought down to jv, back up to varsity, down to jv, and then put as captain of jv. And this was all BEFORE camp! It was torture because everytime its like being slapped. 4- Dont care about what the amazing cheerleaders say to you if your not as good… chances are that is the only thing they are good at lol and lastly, come on guys the uniforms are a lot more modest than volleyball or track or gymnastics or wrestling! If you saw the girls downstairs then she probably got in soooooo much trouble for not wearing spankies (the only thing volleyball wears for pants btw) she probably got kicked off and eaten alive by people cause people take any chance they can to hurt cheerleaders. Just remember these are teen girls with feelings they are not objects to critisize and eventually they will become wives, mothers, doctors, hairstylists, ect. Cheer is painful on your ego and self esteem enough just from the coaches and girls, they dont need everyone attacking them, give them a break they are probably starving and in pain. • Anna All the girls who are saying it is hard… have you seen gymnastics? 10x better, and they are actually getting a workout. you should try it if you think Cheerleading is hard. As for uniforms, they are racy, weather they are “classy” or not… Another thing, cheeleading is NOT about popularity, half the girls i know that are cheeleaders, are quirky girls who dont give a crap about what they look like and who they are friends with. As for football, its a distraction, and its unnecessary considering 1 the football players cant hear and dont give a shit about them. 2 it annoys the fans. and 3 whats the point of standing in the cold/hot to “cheer” when nobody enjoys it anyways… • karesha I agree. Although high school cheerleading is not the major problem. cheerleaders at pro sporting events, should be changed. Not only is it demeaning to women all around but it is also far from family friendly. They do not bring sprit, they dance around in sexual moves and change mens tempers. They make it hard for women to gain respect. The worst part about all of this is our kids outlook. I took my 5 year old to a basketball game the other day. when the dancers came out in their Belly shirts and underwear shorts my daughter said, ”mommy why are their bellys showing? by having cheerleaders at family friendly events wearing less than must west to bed or to swim in is causing a downward fall in socitiy in many ways. My daughter wanted to be able to dance like them at the end of the night. I had to teach her that those women do not respect their own bodies like God wants us to. Then we are teaching our sons to want those women. Next we are causing our husbands to sin. We are allowing our own sex to hold us from having more power in this world. We are promoting sex and an image that most women could never have back after child birth. We are hurting every one around with this so called sport. And yes I guess it is a sport to pratice flaunting your body in a sexual way. That takes a lot of hard work. If you high school girls want to go pro just remember there is a corner at every street. And you won’t always have the body you do now, so don’t come crying to us when you cant make money off being sexual anymore. Use your brain now and realize all you are is a sexual image. Throgh your.couch a playboy and put on some clothes. There are perverts in this world. Sorry for the typos im on my phone internet. • Dr Dreadful Karesha, your caricature of men as being unable to control themselves at the mere sight of a woman’s belly button is just about as offensive as the mysogynistic opinion of your fellow women that you clearly hold. Do you actually understand anything at all about human nature? • karesha Also if it were a sport and if it was not demeaning than why do our pro football players make millions while our pro Dallas cowboy cheerleaders not even make enough to live on their income. • karesha Dreadful, do you understand anything about respect, and gaining it as a humman being and not a sex object? And its clearly not just belly buttons, they are dancing in sex positions. Have you ever sat front role on the court and watched the maverics dance team? When you do so, then ill hear you out. • Dr Dreadful Karesha, I’m not disqualified from having an opinion just because I’ve never sat in the front row at a Mavericks game. (I actually think cheerleading, along with basketball, is rather tedious.) As far as respect is concerned, I found none whatsoever in your comment 63. Your implication that men cannot control their sexual urges, and your conflation of cheerleading with prostitution, are crass, ignorant and, frankly, vile. • karesha Dreadful, you took everything I said out of context. Ur points your trying to make against me have nothing to do wIth the overall meaning I am trying to get across. As long as we.women use our bodies to reach an over all goal, we will always have a cap on how far we rise. To most men not All we are sex objects. Thanks to the good moms out there that we do have some good men. Now us women really have a chance to change the future. How we raise our kids really matters. Raise your daughters and sons the way you would want ur son and daughter in laws or your husbands to be. Think smart. • emily Um…not to burst your bubble or anything (the article was really well written) but cheerleading is totally a sport, and takes a ton of dedication and hard work. It’s not just jumping around and screaming,it’s carefully coordinated movement and takes a lot of teamwork to pull off. To say that it is demeaning to women is I think a misprepresentation of what it is cosnidered nowadays. I personally find it very empowering, and it’s also a lot of fun! You should all check out the professional cheerleading videos out there-now that’s amazing! • giovanni so… i like football im 9 me and my cousin have fun im not being offensive but football may be fun and all but u need offense and defense cheerleaders are grat cus they give spirit and dont think im a girl im a guy andu do need offense and a bit of defense they show spirit byo my peeps and was up • giovanni u women are gettinng a bit over dramatic • giovanni for reals u may be 13 trough 17 year old women but even though im i aint afraid too speak okay its time for me to be nice and pure good again like im always and to be the top of my school lke always and wobbly wobble wobble • giovanni awww typo i put trough instead of through • Amber I’m sorry, but can you lift people? Toss them? Tumble? Get up at ten to six every morning for practice? Competitive cheering is HARD (and also tons of fun, but currently that’s beside the point), and takes a lot of dedication and trust between team-mates (this is coming from a flyer-the one they toss in the air, for the cheer-illiterate.). Many people here don’t seem to actually know what competitive cheerleading is, and the stereotype that cheerleaders are dumb and slutty is certainly more demeaning and altogether hurtful than the sport itself, especially when the cheerleader in question is actually planning on becoming a particle physicist. I shouldn’t be judged for the sport that I participate in, I should be judged for the kind of person that I am. Well, that’s my two cents. People should REALLY do their research before writing/posting coments about things they know absolutely nothing about. • louis lefrou you’re crazy. i’ve had many injuries from cheerleading, i.e. knee dislocation, broken/sprained ankles, twisted thumbs, broken back vertebrae. we are never respected for what we do in our school and it makes us angry. i do not like your opinion, i think you change it because apparently, you have never been to the World All Star Competition held in Florida, where they defy gravity and are for sure a sport. • annie gage Cheerleading is not sexist by any means. There are plenty of guy cheerleaders. The sport needs to be appreciated more. The cheerleaders at my school never fail to pump us up, have a great reputation and have some of the highest ranks in our class. We work hard and have many practices before and after school. Cheerleading is the farthest sport from being sexist. Football? 99.9 % are male. Baseball and softball are separated by sex but cheerleading is not. Cheerleading requires a lot of technique that normal people could not do. We go to the gym, we tumble, we train, we practice and yes, sometimes we get hurt. But what sport doesn’t? You need to take a step back and look at what you are evaluating the sport at. There are very few people at my school that do not appreciate our performances. The parents of the football and basketball players often thank us. So instead of bashing cheerleading itself, you should recognize that your school has poor school spirit. • Sealy Hi I am a freshman cheerleader with very bad spelling but very good logic (it’s almost a curse I can be right all the time cuz I know if I’m wrong when i don’t want to be) I love cheerleading but wanted to give one of very few non biased comment in regard of the logical errors made by almost everyone who commented on this page(and non biased doesn’t mean I don’t have an opinion on whether cheer is good or bad, it just means I don’t agree with the things I like, I agree with the things proven right or more precisely don’t agree with the things proven wrong and partially agree with the things proven right) I have bulleted some of the statements or opinions of the person who posted this and proven them wrong (practically everything on here is wrong) anyway enjoy actually hearing a logical debate about cheerleading… •”how does or school benifit from doing flips?” Although u don’t have to benifit from sports to have them,(how does the school benefit from girls bumping a ball over a net to another girl . They don’t but people like it do the school should have it). Anyway, cheer does “benifit the school” it takes much energy and makes you more healthy and agile, it teaches you how to work together in sinc, plus it encourages others and teaches us to support one another •you think the cheerleaders at your school are “stupid anoying mean consided bad” That doesn’t mean everyone is like that. (in fact you could never prove that even if you surveyed 50000 cheerleaders and had proof of them all being terrible, that still wouldn’t mean you could say all cheerleaders are like that) you can say some cheerleaders are like because you have only seen some like that not all… Also even if some are bad you shouldnt insult the entire sport some football teams may only beetup nerds and do terrible(or may even own a waterpark and not practice which makes them do bad :) ) but you shouldnt get rid of football some people enjoy it and are professional about it in every way •”Steelers refuse to participate” Fine it’s their choice that doesnt mean we should all follow their example their many people that love cheerleading whether it’s watching it or doing it •”I count each one that falls. ; it’s just that what they are doing seems pointless to me.” (You shouldn’t ever make fun of someone’s pain or mistakes that’s like lagging when a football player gets hit and has to go to the hospital) I’m giving you reasons why cheerleading is good right now and prooving all your reasons wrong, so you shouldnt still think its pointless. It’s as “pointless” to cheer a crowd up and get everyone going with complex dances, stunts and chants as it is for people to run around with a football(not saying I don’t like football, I do but if cheerleading is frivolouse what makes football important and seriouse and not for intertainment?) •”Cheerleading injuries are actually a serious problem” Yes it is but that is what we have practice for. When you fall during cheerleading, it is because someone in the stunt was too weak there was a communication propblem and the list could go on but it isn’t really necessary right now. If the cheerleaders actually dedicate themselves to cheer and work to get stronger and remember the routine etc. these problems most likely won’t happen. Just like uneven bars. If someone wasn’t strong enough or messed up they would get injured. But they take that chance and work hard because they love what they do and taking a chance on injury in some cases is worth it when done right it won’t happen. Just like gymnasts on uneven bars, cheerleaders take chances sometimes for an over all benefit and work each day to prevent someone from falling. Some cheerleaders do not do this but that shouldn’t include the whole group of chearleaders. (p.s. some people say cheerleading isn’t a sport and cheerleaders will stupidly respond id like to see you try . For the record I’d like to say that both sides are wrong. Going by the definition of “sport” it is when one or more persons do a physical activity against one or more teams. Therefore cheeleading in some way is and isn’t . There is competitive cheer which is a sport and cheering at games which technically isn’t but if u consider that practicing or an extra requirement of cheer then it absolutely is a sport. Dancing is a sport both when performing and when competing so it is in a way similar to cheerleading) • Jose • Just An Opinion Okay, this is just my opinion, I am not saying anybody else is right or wrong, after all, everybody is entitled to their opinion. So, I happen to know a bunch of people who cheerleed, and may I say, wow, has their self-obsession ever gone through the roof. I swear they have gone from being happy, friendly, 18 y.o.’s with little to no interest in boys, to being so self-obsessed, that they only think about themselves, oh, and the pack of guys they now hang with. So, I appreciate that this is not the same for everyone, but hey, I’m just saying what I have witnessed. I swear their “cheering” does NOT cheer anybody up, in fact, if anything, it just makes people wanna lodge something in their mouths just to make them be quiet. So its a demanding “sport”, yes, I appreciate that, but, how many other types of sport or dancing are out there that are just as demanding, if not more so. I can say from experience how hard irish dance is, especially when you start it at 18 and have to work to catch up. Now there’s a “sport” that demands respect. Thank you for putting up with my rant. • lollylolly Right on i agree 12748584% !!!! Personally i find whole idea of cheerleading degrading and pointless. To me the whole cheerleader persona makes a probably nice girl appear ditsy; as if they actually give a serious fuck about the team or let alone understand the sport they’re cheering for; why would you want to cheer on a group of guys who don’t cheer you on or support you?I don’t get why they wanna expose their pussy to the entire school either the ones at my school practically twerk LOL . Until i see guy cheerleaders for girl sports teams … i will forever rant about this • Abby someone didn’t make the cheer squad. • Tia I agree SCHOOL cheerleading is stupid and annoying but competitive cheer is a sport and it might be dangerous but cheerleaders don’t get enough credit for what they do plus most people can do half the stuff we do • Tia Can’t do half the stuff oops

http://blogcritics.org/cheerleading-should-g-o-a-w/

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A Novel • reading group guide • customer reviews Ruth Rendell is widely considered to be crime fiction’s reigning queen, with a remarkable career spanning more than forty years. Now, in Portobello, she delivers a captivating and intricate tale that weaves together the troubled lives of several people in the gentrified neighborhood of London’s Notting Hill. Walking to the shops one day, fifty-year-old Eugene Wren discovers an envelope on the street bulging with cash. A man plagued by a shameful addiction—and his own good intentions—Wren hatches a plan to find the money’s rightful owner. Instead of going to the police, or taking the cash for himself, he prints a notice and posts it around Portobello Road. This ill-conceived act creates a chain of events that links Wren to other Londoners—people afflicted with their own obsessions and despairs. As these volatile characters come into Wren’s life—and the life of his trusting fiancée—the consequences will change them all. is a wonderfully complex tour de force featuring a dazzling depiction of one of London’s most intriguing neighborhoods—and the dangers beneath its newly posh veneer. Choose a format: Buy from us: • Scribner |  • 304 pages |  • ISBN 9781439154366 |  • September 2010 Add to Cart $11.66 List Price Available for immediate download Visit the Portobello Market with Ruth Rendell From Ruth Rendell, "reigning queen of crime fiction" (Time Out), a psychologically intense novel about a small crime and its devastating aftermath. Read an Excerpt In the following year, 1739, Admiral Vernon captured the city of... see more Reading Group Guide Walking to the Portobello Market shops in London’s Notting Hill one morning, wealthy gallery owner Eugene Wren discovers an envelope full of cash lying in the street. Rather than keep the money for himself or turn it over to the police, Wren attempts to find the owner by posting a notice around Portobello Road. This ill-conceived act sparks a chain of events that soon links Wren, a man plagued with a shameful addiction, to several other Londoners—people afflicted with their own obsessions and despairs. When these volatile characters creep into Wren’s life—and the life of his trusting fiancée—the consequences will forever change them all. 1. Discuss the significance of setting in the novel. How is the Portobello Road/Notting Hill area pivotal to the story? 2. How does the novel’s structure—frequent movement between different characters and points of view—help to enhance the plot? Did you feel that the different points of view were well-balanced? Did the struc see more More Books from this Author Get a FREE eBook when you join our mailing list!

http://books.simonandschuster.com/Portobello/Ruth-Rendell/9781439154366

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Climate Care Climate Care Smith Article in the Rising Tide February 28, 1998 Full article available in pdf format ClintonCare—Bill and Hillary Clinton’s plan to nationalize health care and put one-seventh of the U.S. economy under bureaucratic control—was the Democrats’ biggest debacle in a decade. Now comes Albert Gore’s ClimateCare. If allowed to become law, ClimateCare could make Americans long for the days of Jimmy Carter’s gas lines. The ostensible purpose of ClimateCare is to prevent climate change. The ulterior motive: to revive centralized economic planning. Through the Kyoto treaty, named after the Japanese city that hosted the international summit on global warming, ClimateCare and its energy-suppression mandates would destroy more than a million U.S. jobs; increase the cost of gasoline, electricity, fuel oil and natural gas; erode American living standards; and empower bureaucratic bullies eager to harass and intimidate small businesses. The White House’s estimate of gas prices jumping four to six cents per gallon and electricity, fuel oil and natural gas rising 3 to 5 percent is, frankly, ludicrous. “It strikes me that the increase in prices are (sic) impossibly low,” W. David Montgomery, vice president of Charles River Associates, an economic consulting firm, told The Washington Post. Fearing the green Clinton-Gore negotiators might get taken for a ride, the U.S. Senate acted even before the Kyoto summit was staged in December. It unanimously passed the Hagel-Byrd Resolution, 95-0, advising the administration not to sign a treaty that failed to mandate reductions for all nations or that would seriously hurt the U.S. economy. The Clinton/Gore administration not only ignored that advice, it also committed the United States to achieve energy-use levels not seen in more than a decade, a time when the American economy was considerably smaller. Furthermore, the administration may seek to use tax, fiscal, and regulatory means to implement the Kyoto treaty before it is even submitted to the Senate for ratification, as the Constitution requires. While a serious defeat for rational policy, ClimateCare also reveals something of deeper significance: The Left has decided to follow the Malthusian path to ruin. Some 200 years ago, the Rev. Thomas Malthus argued that declining infant mortality was, on balance, a ...bad thing because it would increase the population faster than the food supply. Broadening Malthus' critique of progress to other areas of human endeavor, today's green establishment promotes a Terrible Toos philosophy: The earth has too many people, they consume we much, and they rely too heavily on technology they too little understand. Western society, they argue, is a failing experiment kept afloat only by its ruthless, unsustainable exploitation of the common resources of the earth. Having embraced that philosophy, the green solution becomes obvious: not just population controls, but consumption controls, and technology controls as well. That in the past this recipe has proven a prescription for death, poverty and ignorance is seldom noted. The green's Malthusian agenda dominated the discussion at Kyoto, where the United States was cast as a sort of Great Satan. America's enormous contributions to affordable energy and individual freedom were not mentioned—or rather, they were implicitly condemned. The global-warming hypothesis The pretext for ClimateCare is that fossil fuel consumption is endangering the planet by over-heating the atmosphere. The global-warming hypothesis is actually an ensemble of linked hypotheses—and all must be valid if the climate treaty is to make sense as a solution. Let's examine those hypotheses through a series of questions. Does the evidence indicate that industrial emissions are having a significant impact on global climate? Those arguing "yes" rely on evolving (and still relatively crude) computer models that simplify or ignore many key variables, ranging from water vapor and clouds to solar radiation. Moreover, these models cannot replicate the most dramatic climactic changes that have affected life on the earth—the periodic ice ages. But, perhaps most significantly, the empirical evidence shows little causal linkage between greenhouse gas levels and temperature changes. Highly accurate satellite data show no overall warming during the last two decades, a period of sharply increased fossil-fuel use. The scientific evidence for global warming is dubious at best. Besides, most climate models suggest it makes no difference in the long run whether we impose emissions controls now or 20 years from now. Therefore, we lose little by waiting until our understanding of the science improves. If the climate were changing, could any treaty stop it? The Kyoto treaty calls for energy reductions only by the United States and other developed nations. Even if one accepts the models, such a treaty would have little effect since the major sources of greenhouse gases in the next century will be the developing nations. Moreover, if the computer models are to be believed, the level of reductions called for at Kyoto, although draconian, are inadequate to fend off global warming. According to Clinton's former Undersecretary of State Timothy Wirth, stopping climate change will require cuts of up to 70 percent—or more than twice what the treaty proposes. Since the benefits of emissions reduction are distant, diffuse and speculative—and the Costs are immediate, concentrated and real—every country will have strong incentives to cheat. The United Nations is now failing to enforce much simpler agreements on human rights and weapons proliferation. If ratified, ClimateCare would impose enormous costs on treaty-honoring countries like the United States while accomplishing little more than creating lots of jobs for international bureaucrats. What is the best insurance policy for addressing the hazards of global change? Even if the world were warming dangerously and sharply curbing global energy use were feasible, it would still not make the case for a Kyoto-style treaty. Making societies poorer seldom makes them safer. A better approach would be a resiliency strategy. Governments, acting individually and in concert, would in both winter and summer only because of affordable energy. But many Americans cannot afford central heating or air conditioning. The death tolls of future heat waves or ice storms will be much higher if energy is priced out of reach of lower-income Americans. work to eliminate the political barriers (high taxes, anticompetitive regulation, preferential subsidies) that impede invention, innovation and creative adaptation. For example, rather than try to prevent sea-level rise (which has been going on for hundreds of years), why not seek to increase the wealth and mobility of coastal population& so that vulnerable communities could either take precautionary countermeasures (e.g. build sea walls) or relocate? Deepak Lal of UCLA notes that for a fraction of Kyoto's costs Western nations could establish an adaptation fund to be paid out to Third World victims of sea-level rise should the worst come to pass. ClimateCare doesn't care Most disturbing, perhaps, is the arrogant elitism of ClimateCare's Malthusian agenda. The Left's fixation with energy-suppression policies shows just how little today's liberals care about the poor and middle class. Whom do they suppose will be the first to lose jobs when emission limits kick in—yuppie environmentalists in Berkeley or auto workers in Michigan? Whom do they think will be hurt most by European-style gas taxes—the limousine liberal or the soccer mom with a minivan full of kids? An opportunity to lead Aware that Republicans, and even many Democrats, would recoil from the odor of the Kyoto treaty, the administration has decided not to submit the agreement for at least a year. Instead. Clinton and Gore are poised to implement ClimateCare's harsh measures extra-legally. Fortunately, Sens. Jesse Helms, Chuck Hagel and James Inhofe and Rep. David McIntosh have already insisted that there be "no implementation without ratification." Moreover, any attempts to use greenhouse pork, whether in the form of direct subsidies or tax expenditures, to bribe and co-opt big business—witness the $6.3 billion greenhouse-pork package in the president's budget—should also be blocked. The fight against ClimateCare brings together economic libertarians, social conservatives, business rationalists, taxpayer activists, and national security enthusiasts. Entrepreneurs, libertarians and taxpayer activists fiercely oppose the massive expansion of the regulatory state that the treaty would necessarily entail. Social conservatives rightly detect population control and coercive family planning as the core of ClimateCare's Malthusian agenda. Foreign policy conservatives correctly view U.N.-style global governance as a threat to American sovereignty and national security. Organized labor and minority communities will also be affected because employment in the mining, transportation and energy-intensive industries will be devastated by ClimateCare -mandated taxes and regulations. The Kyoto treaty provides an occasion to advance an alternative environmental approach that supports, rather than undermines, our economic liberties. America has made greater environmental gains than any other nation not despite, but because of, our wealth and freedom. For example, America was the first nation to reverse long-term deforestation. That achievement is largely due to our success in developing more consumer-friendly sources of energy—coal and then oil and gas—along with our leadership in high-yield agriculture. Resources generally have become ever more abundant as technology outstripped consumption. America is living proof that private property, competitive markets and a positive attitude toward technological change are indispensable conditions of environmental progress. The president and his wife tried to force ClintonCare on the country. And the people rejected it. Now the president and his vice president are trying to force Climate-Care on the world. It, too, should be rejected.  Related Files: Climate Care.pdf

http://cei.org/op-eds-and-articles/climate-care

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Andre Holmes cut Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by Mr Cowboy, Nov 24, 2012. 1. Mr Cowboy Mr Cowboy Well-Known Member 8,019 Messages 503 Likes Received Per Twitter, 2. FiveRings FiveRings Well-Known Member 1,741 Messages 220 Likes Received Could care less about Holmes but this probably means OTree keeps his job. *sigh* 3. TheCount TheCount Pixel Pusher 20,387 Messages 449 Likes Received lol, that dude was still on the roster? The fact that it took till this point in the season for a nobody giving absolutely nothing to the team to get cut just speaks volumes about the protection afforded to Jerry's personal pets. 4. Yoshimitsu Yoshimitsu Lurch 1,988 Messages 12 Likes Received Don't know why he even made the roster in the first place. 5. Mr Cowboy Mr Cowboy Well-Known Member 8,019 Messages 503 Likes Received Jerry told us in the off season Holmes was the replacement for Laurent Robinson. 6. MichaelWinicki MichaelWinicki "You want some?" Staff Member 29,620 Messages 900 Likes Received I was hoping someone wouldn't bring that up. :( 7. garrett316 garrett316 Well-Known Member 2,437 Messages 141 Likes Received He was a Jed Clampett favorite. Only reason he made cut out of camp. 8. Kilyin Kilyin Well-Known Member 8,020 Messages 222 Likes Received 9. links18 links18 Well-Known Member 8,749 Messages 766 Likes Received Hmm, he actually has a reception on Thursday. Does this mean we are signing Armstrong? Seriously though, this is the guy Jerry told us was going to be our #3 receiver and half this board bought it. :lmao2: 10. fifaguy fifaguy Well-Known Member 3,825 Messages 428 Likes Received O M G!!! How will we manage now :confused: 11. jblaze2004 jblaze2004 Well-Known Member 8,115 Messages 185 Likes Received is production will be missed:lmao2: 12. daschoo daschoo Slanje Va 2,225 Messages 26 Likes Received In my head that has this music 13. EPL0c0 EPL0c0 The Funcooker 4,907 Messages 199 Likes Received it's a process 14. TheCoolFan TheCoolFan Well-Known Member 7,081 Messages 208 Likes Received He's no Danny Coale 15. Zordon Zordon Infinite Crab Meats... 8,022 Messages 2,760 Likes Received this news can't be true. how can he be cut when he was supposed to be "getting a lot of playing time" as "laurent robinson's replacement"? idiot jerry. 16. panchucko panchucko Wait until next year. Zone Supporter 1,893 Messages 117 Likes Received Should have just kept coale. If nothing else CC would have been not so crazy during cut week 17. BruceLee5450 BruceLee5450 Well-Known Member 2,101 Messages 34 Likes Received lol Coale is still with the organization on the practice squad homie, but it really looks like Beasley and Harris are ready to step up and help more in that 3rd-4th WR role 18. CoCo CoCo Well-Known Member 5,504 Messages 67 Likes Received Some simply love to find the dark perspective of every transaction we make. If we sign Holmes, Jerry's an idiot. If we cut him, Jerry's an idiot. 19. jblaze2004 jblaze2004 Well-Known Member 8,115 Messages 185 Likes Received so armstrong or probably a corner or linebacker since we might have season ender there. 20. RS12 RS12 Well-Known Member 13,094 Messages 547 Likes Received Jerry had a man crush. Share This Page

http://cowboyszone.com/threads/andre-holmes-cut.247871/

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package Ubic::Lockf; { $Ubic::Lockf::VERSION = '1.57'; } use strict; use warnings; # ABSTRACT: file locker with an automatic out-of-scope unlocking mechanism use Fcntl qw(:flock); use Params::Validate; use POSIX qw(:errno_h); use Carp; use Ubic::Lockf::Alarm; use parent qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(lockf); sub DESTROY ($) { my ($self) = @_; local $@; my $fh = $self->{_fh}; return unless defined $fh; # already released or dissolved flock $fh, LOCK_UN; delete $self->{_fh}; # closes the file if opened by us } my %defaults = ( shared => 0, blocking => 1, timeout => undef, mode => undef, ); sub lockf ($;$) { my ($param, $opts) = validate_pos(@_, 1, 0); $opts ||= {}; $opts = validate(@{ [ $opts ] }, { blocking => 0, shared => 0, silent => 0, # deprecated option, does nothing timeout => 0, mode => 0, }); $opts = {%defaults, %$opts}; my ($fh, $fname); if (ref $param eq "") { # filename instead of filehandle open $fh, ">>", $param or die "Can't open $param: $!"; $fname = $param; } else { $fh = $param; } unless (_lockf($fh, $opts, $fname)) { return; } # don't check chmod success - it can fail and it's ok chmod ($opts->{mode}, ($fname || $fh)) if defined $opts->{mode}; return bless { _fh => $fh, _fname => $fname, }; } sub _lockf ($$;$) { my ($fh, $opts, $fname) = @_; $fname ||= ''; # TODO - discover $fname from $fh, it's possible in most cases with some /proc magic my $mode = ($opts->{shared} ? LOCK_SH : LOCK_EX); if ( not $opts->{blocking} or (defined $opts->{timeout} and not $opts->{timeout}) # timeout=0 ) { return 1 if flock ($fh, $mode | LOCK_NB); return 0 if ($! == EWOULDBLOCK); croak "flock ".($fname || '')." failed: $!"; } unless (flock ($fh, $mode | LOCK_NB)) { my $msg = "$fname already locked, wait..."; if (-t STDOUT) { print $msg; } } else { return 1; } if ($opts->{timeout}) { local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { croak "flock $fname failed: timed out" }; my $alarm = Ubic::Lockf::Alarm->new($opts->{timeout}); flock $fh, $mode or die "flock failed: $!"; } else { flock $fh, $mode or die "flock failed: $!"; } return 1; } sub name($) { my $self = shift; return $self->{_fname}; } sub dissolve { my $self = shift; undef $self->{_fh}; } 1; __END__ =pod =head1 NAME Ubic::Lockf - file locker with an automatic out-of-scope unlocking mechanism =head1 VERSION version 1.57 =head1 SYNOPSIS use Ubic::Lockf; $lock = lockf($filehandle); $lock = lockf($filename); undef $lock; # unlocks either =head1 DESCRIPTION C is a perlfunc C wrapper. The lock is autotamically released as soon as the associated object is no longer referenced. =head1 METHODS =over =item B Create an Lockf instance. Always save the result in some variable(s), otherwise the lock will be released immediately. The lock is automatically released when all the references to the Lockf object are lost. The lockf mandatory parameter can be either a string representing a filename or a reference to an already opened filehandle. The second optional parameter is a hash of boolean options. Supported options are: =over =item I OFF by default. Tells to achieve a shared lock. If not set, an exclusive lock is requested. =item I ON by default. If unset, a non-blocking mode of flock is used. If this flock fails because the lock is already held by some other process, C is returned. If the failure reason is somewhat different, permissions problems or the absence of a target file directory for example, an exception is raised. =item I Undef by default. If set, specifies the wait timeout for acquiring the blocking lock. The value of 0 is equivalent to blocking => 0 option. =item I Undef by default. If set, a chmod with the specified mode is performed on a newly created file. Ignored when filehandle is passed instead of a filename. =back =item B Gives the name of the file, as it was when the lock was taken. =item B Destroy lock object without unlocking. This is useful in forking code, if you have one lock object in several processes and want to close locked fh in one process without unlocking in the other. =back =head1 AUTHOR Vyacheslav Matyukhin =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Yandex LLC. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. =cut

http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/MMCLERIC/Ubic-1.57/lib/Ubic/Lockf.pm

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Take the 2-minute tour × What is the specific reason for creating the oracle user to install Oracle 10g or 11g, even though root exists and can be used? Is it possible to install as root by adding root to the oinstall group? Every suitable technical reason is welcome. share|improve this question Primarily for security reasons. Any Unix admin worth their while would understand that privilege separation is very important - why should a DBA, who may only have a simple grasp of Unix, be left with full root access on a server? –  Phil Oct 11 '12 at 7:46 Can i edit the above question to include additional points –  oratab Oct 11 '12 at 8:15 You can always edit your posts (there's an "edit" link right below the tags). Take care though not to change the meaning of the question too much once you've got answers. (And I completely agree with Phil. Applications should never be run as root unless they are required to for valid technical reasons.) –  Mat Oct 11 '12 at 8:26 I'll add that there's no technical reason why you can't run the RDBMS as root. I'd ask you though: Why do you want to run under the root user? –  Phil Oct 11 '12 at 9:21 i specifically don't want to run it as root, but i want to know the reason why it doesn't install as root user. Thanks a lot for answer and comments –  oratab Oct 15 '12 at 6:51 add comment 1 Answer up vote 2 down vote accepted PostgreSQL refuses to run under root, and the reasons there may be of interest in this question. This approach allows you to essentially separate UNIX and db permissions as Phil mentions above, but there are a number of reasons why this is important especially when you have a programmable server like Oracle. The first is that generally speaking you want to be able to contain the behavior of the system in the event of a bug in your stored procedures or otherwise. Bugs in stored procedures that allow the db to overwrite arbitrary files are really bad in a database, but they become far worse when you have the ability to overwrite operating system binaries. So this allows you to lock down and contain damage in a way you can't do if the db runs as root. The second is that you can essentially give the DBA a smaller area of responsibility. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/25783/why-create-an-oracle-user-for-installing-oracle-10g-or-11g/25785

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Take the 2-minute tour × I have a database that stores readings from numerous gauges. Depending on the gauge, there may be data for that gauge every 1-5 minutes with multiple readings (i.e.- weather station and it stores 5 different readings). I currently store the data by date. I group everything for a particular gauge for a single date together and store is as xml in a text column. Would it be more efficient to store this data as individual rows? I'm trying to decide which is the smartest solution long term (i.e.- fewer rows with more data per row, or many more rows, each being smaller). It is a read heavy environment. By 'efficient' I am most concerned about speed and resource usage (if I pull back a year's worth of data, which would be least processor/memory intensive). I almost exclusively use this data to graph for clients. The number of readings per timestamp is variable, from 1 to 6 readings. The database is currently an INNODB. I'm looking more towards keeping the data in MySQL for ease of access/updating. The answer I was looking for more was whether it would be smarter to save each individual timestamp (which may have multiple readings) in an individual row or whether to group multiple timestamps (i.e.- up to a day's worth) into a single row. share|improve this question add comment 3 Answers up vote 2 down vote accepted It depends on exactly what you're trying to do with the data -- if it's only being used for graphing, and you don't need high resolution the further out it goes (eg, you're not trying to plot a graph with full temporal resolution for a day from 1 year ago), you might actually want to look at RRDTool rather than a relational database. If you're going to ever need to do analysis of the values (how often does a place get above 80°F?), you'll want to store discrete values, not an XML structure; but you could also use flat file stuctures that are meant for dealing with this type of data (eg, CDF, NetCDF ... maybe even HDF ) update : I'd store each time as a separate record, as it makes it easier to adjust the granularity when graphing. For instance, to extract the high/low/mean for each hour: SELECT min(date_obs),min(temp),max(temp),avg(temp) FROM observations WHERE date_obs between ... GROUP BY floor(unix_timestamp(date_obs)/3600) Also, it allows you to change the cadence for the measurements without needing to change the table structure. share|improve this answer Those data analysis options look nice, however I'm in a PHP shop and am reluctant to have to branch to other languages just for graphing (none of the tools have a PHP API). I think that would introduce more room for bugs. –  Patrick Jan 28 '11 at 15:41 It's not as pretty, but there are ways to work with RRD from PHP. –  Joe Jan 28 '11 at 16:00 I believe I will make the changes as you suggested and may, in the future, break out the data into different tables for each year to keep the tables from getting absolutely massive. Then I have to deal with getting symfony to understand that... other days - other problems –  Patrick Jan 28 '11 at 17:52 @Patrick : you might be able to use partitioning to avoid having to break them apart yourself, so long as you don't fall into any of the limitatons –  Joe Jan 28 '11 at 18:22 partitioning looks very interesting, I'm going to have to research how well I can implement this in symfony –  Patrick Jan 31 '11 at 1:54 add comment If I understand correctly you currently have a table with fields 3 fields datetime, gauge, and readings, where readings is an XML string. I would have thought that you would be better to split up the readings as extra columns. Firstly, the string implementation probably takes more physical space. Secondly, it'll be relatively hard to do any kind of grouping, aggregation, filtering etc. I guess it depends on what you mean my 'efficient'. It probably also depends on what and how you are reading the data, and where that data has to go. There may be less network traffic if it is stored as individual fields. Also depends on what the client reading the data needs to do with it. share|improve this answer I'll clarify the question. The data is used just for displaying the readings in a graph and the number of readings per gauge varies, some have only one reading and others have 6 readings. –  Patrick Jan 27 '11 at 15:20 In light of your clarification, and assuming you need a relational DB, then I'd split the data into fields. Speed shouldn't be a problem. As Joe pointed out, there may be other storage options more suitable. –  Miles D Jan 27 '11 at 15:45 add comment The reason that I particularly use XML fields is because I may associate one record with a "Readings" element in the XML, and the next record may have a "Telemetry" XML element (to invent something) ... Actually, for mine I have different payloads of data but the headers are all the same, so it's just easier for me to stuff it in an XML because I want the payload after I filter by the header information that the row represents, and I may have varying amounts of information in that field. For instance, one of my XML fields is record edit history. That way I can have an ever expanding field for that one record, and it's neatly packaged up with the row it represents, and I don't have to have a separate audit table for that one set of values. It may not be the most efficient way of doing this, but it works for me and my needs. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

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Mike Keenan, The NHL's Last Great Asshole CoachS Playing for coach Mike Keenan in Chicago was like camping on the side of an active volcano. You had to accept the reality that he erupted regularly and that there was always a danger of being caught in his lava flow. He was a tyrant, a schoolyard bully, an oldschool coach who tried to motivate players through intimidation, belittlement and fear. The truth is that Keenan scared me into being a better NHL player. I was 18 when I began to play for Iron Mike, and I was afraid of him. As a rookie, I felt as if my future depended on pleasing Keenan. I believed he was capable of murdering my career before it began. I believed he could do that with no sense of remorse. Before Keenan threatened me in my second NHL exhibition game, I didn't view myself as a physical player. Within a short period of time, he had bullied me into becoming one. The veterans on the team didn't fear Keenan; they merely despised him, and I believe Mike liked it that way. He was always hard on players, like a drill sergeant trying to ready recruits for the dangers ahead. Dealing with Mike's rants was one of the job requirements for being a Blackhawk. One night, the Blackhawks were playing in St. Louis, and Keenan became enraged about our effort to the point that he ripped out seven ceiling tiles in the visitors' dressing room. Keenan was a screamer who thought nothing of singling out one of his players for a personal attack, just to let the team know how upset he was with how the team was performing. Over the course of the season, Keenan had accused most of his players of being "chickenshit" or "an embarrassment to your family." "You don't deserve to be in the fuckin' league," Keenan would often scream at you. "You should be ashamed of the way you are playing." Mercy was not usually on the table when Keenan had a lock on a player. Some of Iron Mike's most memorable tirades came against Dave Manson, a defenseman who played for the Blackhawks early in my career. Manson was a skilled player with a heavy slapshot and a combative personality. Once teammates realized how quickly Manson's temper could boil over, they started calling him "Charlie Manson," in reference to the convicted murderer Charles Manson, who had those scary, crazed-looking eyes. When Dave Manson lost control, he looked as if he might kill you. Dave was a tough competitor who had amassed 352 penalty minutes in my first season with the Blackhawks in 1988–89. During one game, Keenan had determined that Manson was responsible for everything wrong with the Blackhawks that night. "You're fucking brutal," Keenan screamed at Manson between periods. "You are the reason we're losing this game." Manson had his skates unlaced and his jersey off when Keenan began unloading on him with this verbal barrage. Initially, Manson took his medicine, like we all did at various times. But during Keenan's rant, Manson snapped. He stood, yanked off his shoulder pads and flung them across the locker room, just missing Keenan as he ducked out of the way. That was merely the first salvo of Manson's attack. As the pads were launched, Manson began running, in his skates, directly at Keenan. Keenan fled out the door with Manson on his tail. We all scurried to the door to witness the outcome. You can imagine how fucking comical it was to see Keenan sprinting down a hallway, in the bowels of Chicago Stadium, with Manson in determined pursuit. As he chased Keenan, sparks were leaping off Manson's skates as the blades scraped across the cement. If Manson hadn't lost his balance while trying to run on skates, he might have pummelled Keenan. The strangest aspect of the repeated Keenan–Manson confrontations was the truth that Keenan liked Manson. He liked Manson's toughness and his aggressiveness. He was big, he was strong, and he had a mean streak. Keenan would have loved to have a roster full of players with Manson's ability. Keenan pushed on Manson because he believed Manson had more to give. Manson had licence to scream at Keenan, to chase him down the hallway, even to physically assault Keenan because Keenan liked his potential. In always hollering at Manson, Keenan's objective was to make him play every game at his highest level to prove that Keenan was wrong about him. * * * To Keenan's credit, he could take abuse in addition to giving it out. Every season, he would come into the dressing room in full gear and say, "All right, you motherfuckers; this is your chance to take a shot at me." Keenan would play 30 minutes for each team, and he would take a beating. Manson couldn't wait to get his shot at Keenan. Once, he hit Keenan so hard it looked like he almost fucking decapitated him. Once, we were on a western road trip, and Keenan decided to scrimmage with us at the Kings' old practice facility in Culver City. Mike Eagles and Bob Bassen went after him with vengeance. Keenan wasn't the prettiest of players, but he had played college hockey at St. Lawrence University. He could skate, and when he took to the ice against us in practice, he went to war. Everyone knew this was our time to go after Keenan, but we also knew that there would be no free shots. Keenan was a fucking stick hack, and when you got near him he would chop you up. * * * Keenan always tried to stay one step ahead of his players, particularly with regard to controlling our lives through curfews and practices and so forth. It's said that Keenan learned all of his tricks to control players from the great Scotty Bowman when Keenan was an American Hockey League coach in Rochester. At the time, Bowman was in charge of Rochester's parent club in Buffalo. When we were on the road, Keenan would give the bellman a hat and tell him to ask every player who came in after curfew to sign it. Keenan could then inspect the hat the next day and know who had violated curfew. Other times, he would sit in the lobby reading a book and catch his drunken players stumbling in at three in the morning. Some of us had our ways to beat the curfew setup, most of which involved making sure we didn't return to our rooms through the lobby. At the Los Angeles Airport Marriott, for example, we would use rocks to make sure that the side doors remained ajar so we could sneak back into the hotel. "Holy shit," he said. "You're Jeremy Roenick." "I am," I admitted, "and I need to use your phone." Early in my career, we had back-to-back games in Calgary and Vancouver. We flew from Calgary to Vancouver after the game, and with the time change, it was still after midnight when we got to the Westin Bayshore hotel. With a game against the Canucks the next night, we were supposed to go directly to our rooms. But players always liked going out in Vancouver because the Roxy was a favorite player hangout. We were only going to Vancouver twice a season, so you couldn't waste a trip. Several of the guys, me included, took the elevator to our rooms and then took the stairs back down to the ground floor and fled out the side door. Several beers later, it was past three in the morning, and I returned to the team hotel by myself. I was standing in front, wondering whether I was walking into a well-executed Keenan trap. Had he paid the night manager to keep a list of players coming in late? Would there be an autograph seeker waiting for me by the elevator to essentially ask me to sign my own death warrant? Would Keenan himself be standing watch? Anything was possible with Iron Mike. Wanting to avoid any possibility of a Keenan ambush, I went around the side of the building to find the loading dock. That was locked down tight, as was the entrance to the hotel kitchen, which was on the same side of the building. But as I inspected the area, I noticed a ventilation grate; and peering through it, I could see into the hotel's kitchen. Back then, hotels were still issuing metal keys, not key cards, and I used my key to unscrew the grate. Within a couple of minutes, I had the grate removed and was scooting through the air duct, attired in a suit. I ended up breathing in plenty of soot and dust, but it was a small price to pay to pull one over on Keenan. Once in the kitchen, I grabbed a ham sandwich and a Bud Light and took the service elevator up to my floor. I remember sitting in my room at four in the morning, munching on my sandwich and sipping my beer, feeling like I had just pulled off the crime of the century. Truthfully, NHL coaches had to play babysitter and night watchman in that era because I believe my generation had more of a frat-house attitude than today's players. Modern players are far more concerned about rest, eating properly and following a training regimen that doesn't include consuming mass quantities of Molson Canadian. When I played, it was expected that you would go out on the road and drink with your teammates until it was nearly dawn. Today, players seem to live in the weight room. We lived primarily in taverns and bars. I didn't start spotting abs on players until I was about 26 years old. Keenan tried to keep track of us on the road mostly because he was trying to discourage us from finding trouble. When I was a young player, it did often seem as though I was only two or three steps ahead of finding myself in hot water. One night, during a trip to Calgary, a bunch of the Blackhawks met people at the bar who invited us to a party at a house outside of town. The invitation came at about 1:30 in the morning, but stupidly I decided to go. One other Blackhawk decided to go, but we ended up in separate cars. We were driving well outside of town when the situation turned bad. In wintry conditions, we ended up in an accident. The car completely flipped over. Even though I was a passenger and not the driver, I could see the headlines in the morning paper: Drunken young Blackhawks star Roenick detained after late-night traffic accident. Panicked by the thought of what Keenan would say, I embraced the only strategy that offered me any hope of getting out of this mess: I ran. I got the fuck out of there. I ran through the snow into a neighborhood. The problem was that I was on foot, more than 30 miles from my hotel. I was in a residential area. No stores or pay phones were anywhere. Plus, it was now after two in the morning. My only option was to knock on someone's door and ask to use a phone to call a taxi. That's what I did, and when the man came to the door in his pajamas, he opened his storm door and his eyes bugged out. Only in Canada or Chicago would I have been recognized. Even bleary-eyed, in the middle of the night, this man recognized an NHL player when one showed up on his doorstep. The funny part of the story is that the guy invited me into his kitchen and offered me a Molson Canadian. In the 45 minutes it took for the cab to find the house, the Good Samaritan and I talked hockey and finished off his case of Canadian. I imagine he had quite a story to tell his buddies at work the next day. Meanwhile, it was almost four o'clock when I returned to my hotel. But I was up in time for the morning skate, hoping I had dodged a bullet. Clearly, the people in the car that night and my friend with the beer didn't rat me out, because no one from the Chicago organization ever brought it up to me. The closest I ever came to being arrested involved an incident that occurred when Keenan took the team to the resort area of Banff, Alberta. The team was scheduled to play Calgary and Edmonton in the same week. At about two in the morning, after spending most of the night in a bar, five or six players and four or five local women, decided to visit a nearby hot springs that was closed to the public. Since it was located halfway up a mountain, we hired cabs to transport us and then paid the drivers handsomely to come back in 45 minutes to retrieve us. Snow was falling, and we had to scale a fence to get inside. We had brought beer along, and in short order we were drinking and jumping into the springs just to keep warm. Even with the steam rising, it didn't take long for us to start feeling the cold. When the cabs didn't come back on time, we decided to start walking down the zig-zaggy road. I remember I had a brown suede coat that I wrapped some of my clothes in. That meant I had no coat on, and it was freezing. I remember joking that we should just cut through the woods, because it was a shorter trip back to the hotel. Everyone laughed, because there was probably six feet of snow covering the ground. There was no way we were going to do that. We kept hoping the cabs were on the way, and when we heard cars coming up the mountain, we were initially relieved. But when we looked over the side, we could see it was a police car and what looked like a paddy wagon. Immediately, we figured the police had heard the taxi drivers talking on their radios about coming to get us and they planned to arrest us for trespassing before we were rescued. Quickly, we decided our only option was to leave the road and start trudging through the snow. One by one, we climbed over the ledge to start the snowy descent. Holding my clothes under my arm like a football, I must have looked like Herschel Walker high-stepping my way through the snow. Not knowing we had gone down the side of the mountain, the cops drove to the springs. When they arrived, they could see us scrambling down the mountain. They came after us. Some of the snow was up to my chest, but we all reached the hotel's parking lot right before the cops arrived. They thought we had already made it into the hotel, but we hadn't gotten that far. There was so much snow, they couldn't see we were on the other side of the parking lot. When the cops left, we strolled into the hotel lobby and came across an employee cleaning the floors. We were covered in snow, our hair turned to icicles by freezing sweat as we hustled down the mountain. "Why did you guys have a snowball fight at three o'clock in the morning?" he asked. Keenan didn't catch us that night, either. I hope my readers don't get the impression that I didn't like Keenan. I love the man for molding me into the player I became. He was Dr. Frankenstein, and I was his creation. He was a father figure for me, and he nurtured my game through a tough-love approach. We fought regularly in my years in Chicago. More than once, I screamed, "Go fuck yourself, Mike." Mike wanted the fires always burning in his dressing room. He wanted everyone always mad at him, and he liked it when players held each other accountable. There were some fistfights in the dressing room as players fought, not like sworn enemies but like brothers who would still love each other when the scrap was over. Today's NHL dressing rooms are tame by comparison to what Chicago's dressing room was like back then. Today's players don't confront each other the way we did. In my opinion, today's players are too touchy about criticism. When you came into our dressing room under Mike Keenan, it was like joining a house of gladiators. There would be pain and suffering. But in that environment, I matured into a very good player, and the Blackhawks became a quality team. Mike Keenan, The NHL's Last Great Asshole Coach Excerpted from J.R.: My Life as the Most Outspoken, Fearless, and Hard-Hitting Man in Hockey with the permission of Triumph Books.

http://deadspin.com/5958837/mike-keenan-the-nhls-last-great-asshole-coach?tag=hockey

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The Spurs' Rock Finally Cracks: Tim Duncan Needs Your Love NowS The outside world never seems to affect Tim Duncan as much it does you and me. He doesn't furrow his brow or snarl. His whole bearing suggests a sort of aloof, unrelatable mastery—of his talents, of his emotions, of his image, of everything around him. Which is why it was so hard to watch him last night in the moments after he fell just short of his fifth NBA title. Sitting behind a podium in his characteristic oversized collared shirt and jeans, Duncan, now 37, cradled his head in his enormous hands, his eyes downcast as he answered to the assembled media. "To be in a Game 7 or to be in a Game 6, up one and two chances to win an NBA championship and not do it—that's tough to swallow," he said. Minutes earlier, Duncan had had a chance to tie the game. He'd wheeled past Shane Battier and missed a short push shot off the back of the rim—"a shot Tim Duncan usually makes eight out of 10 times," according to Battier. "Probably Game 7 is always going to haunt me," Duncan went on, and he began listing the reasons, as though confessing his sins: "Missing a layup to tie the game. Making a bad decision down the stretch. Just unable to stop Dwyane and LeBron." Even the reporters seemed to handle him with extra care, as though stunned to see a player as implacable as Duncan so conspicuously mourning his only finals loss in five tries. Had the Spurs won, Duncan almost certainly would have collected his fourth finals MVP. The numbers don't leap off the page, though 19 points and 12 rebounds per game is an amazing stat line for a player of Duncan's age. Duncan wasn't the high scorer in any of the Spurs' three wins. In fact, someone else was the hero of each win: Danny Green erupting and razing the Heat defense to rubble, Manu Ginobili momentarily regaining his ability to manipulate space-time, Tony Parker drilling step-back jumpers. But no Spur, save perhaps Kawhi Leonard, was as consistent as Duncan. When his team needed to pick up the pace of play so as to attack before Miami's defense could set up, Duncan ran the floor like a young man. When James and Wade pouted after no-calls, Duncan ran his old ass off to get up court; the object wasn't really for him to score, but to force the Heat to pay attention to him so his teammates would face less resistance. Duncan blocks shots without jumping. He isn't especially graceful anymore, not even in the post. He relies on canted leaners and what's become an almost tactical awkwardness to catch the defense off guard. He does all his work on the downbeats of a sequence, after he's faked a guy into the rafters. The flashiest thing he does is throw really awesome outlet passes. But as the series wore on, and one by one his teammates began to falter and fail, Duncan's often subtle brilliance became plain. Parker was stymied by injury and could not elude James. Ginobili started throwing the ball all over the arena. Danny Green and Gary Neal, having smacked into their glass ceilings, spent Games 6 and 7 plummeting to earth. At the end—as at the beginning of the Spurs' 14-year run—what was left was Duncan on the low block. He averaged 27 points and 14.5 rebounds in the last two games. He twisted his way past Chris Bosh and manhandled Chris Anderson; he was a diminished player who'd adapted, and there was something poignant in all of it that even a casual fan outside of Texas could see. Maybe Duncan's finals failure, the one in which he pushed LeBron James to even higher levels of magnificence, will make people better appreciate the ones he did win. After he missed that fateful layup over Battier, Duncan finally cracked. As the Heat moved the ball up court and called timeout, Duncan, enraged, slapped the floor with both hands. It was as demonstrative as Duncan has ever been on the court. "That's just frustration," Duncan explained, in his way. Dreams frustrated; hopes dashed. Who can't relate to that? Beckley Mason writes about basketball for HoopSpeak, The New York Times, and other places. You can follow him on twitter @BeckleyMason. Photo: Getty.

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questionswhat is better for shooting video, a 1080p… The main problem with using a DSLR for video is the audio. The onboard audio capture is going to be like an old cell phone, so you'll need a good mic. The image quality on a DSLR is, as you would expect, very good. House filmed an entire episode with a Canon 5D. I'm guessing they didn't use the Canon's audio. I find my dslr (Nikon) to be all I need. If audio pickup is a concern, most have hookups for fancy mics. A camcorder is just an extra thing you have to carry around. As above, the video processor on a good DSLR is more than a match for your 1080p needs. Since high resolution color is it's forte the images will great. However there are several places where a DSLR fails. As noted, audio and external connections are an issue. There are a couple guys in NYC (maybe with the School for Arts) that have made several films using DSLRs. They made special audio rigs and in some cases have used an external audio recorder. They synch to the video in post production on multi-track editors. But there are two other issues. Most DSLRs use a phase shift focus system. When filming the mirror goes up and that disables the auto-focus. You need to have a focus mechanism that operates independently of the mirror. Cam-corders use the sensor of all functions. The last issue is one of connectivity. Cam-corders are designed to store video, but they can also stream it to an external monitor and recorder, using a 1394, HDMI and.or other output. That expands flexibility. If you get a T2i you can download and install the Magic Lantern hack & easily turn off AGC (automatic gain control), use audio monitoring level metering, + get professional exposure monitoring like zebras, waveform monitoring, etc. Tons of professional added features of $10,000+ camcorders/movie cameras. Or get a GH2 and have amazing clean footage....if you hack it you'll have the cleanest 1080p interchangeable lens movie camera under probably $10,000, maybe $15,000. Slayer: You seem very knowledgeable about this subject - would you be willing to answer some questions for me? If not, no problem! If so, please shoot me an e-mail - it's dedicated_dad at good old Yahoo! Appreciate your time!

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questionsfive dollar shipping all day? Wow! Didn't put two and two together on that till I read your question. If you purchased a lot of big-ticket items, like you suggested, you might even be able to capitalize on some resale money, since you'd essentially be cutting your overhead costs in half. wouldn't the opposite be true? If you purchase a lot of SMALL ticket items, then you only pay the $5 shipping and make better resale. I was wondering about that. I guess if you buy something, you get charged the $5, and then when you buy a second item, there's no charge. Is that along the right idea? If so, coupons could be really good. Free shipping and $5 off each additional item until you run out of codes. Now I want a $5 footlong. @thedogma: Reading helps! Just looked at the "learn more" under $5 shipping and that's basically how it works. Still don't know about the coupons. Anyone try multiple codes yet today? @thedogma: I pinged our customer service folks about the coupons. I don't know yet either. @pinchecat: How about "Did you know about $5 shipping all day?" @inkycatz: No need. (I think) I did this same exact thing. I bought something from woot and sellout each using a coupon and combined shipping made it a fantastic deal. @baronz: Good point! Time to start running up the credit card!! i foresee a cancelling of combined shipping during woot-offs lol. with some of my woot off buying sprees, i can't see how they're making over margin with free shipping after my first 5.00

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Back to Cities and Architecture Click on thumbnails to enlarge them Ulugh Beg and His Observatory Ulugh Beg was the oldest son of Shahrukh, born in the city of Sultaniyah during his grandfather Timur's (Tamerlane's) campaign in northern Iran in 1394. At age 4 he accompanied his grandfather as far as Kabul, on the campaign that went on to take Delhi; almost immediately after the Indian campaign, he joined Tamerlane's campaign to the west which resulted in the defeat of the Ottoman ruler Bayezid I at Ankara in 1402. As Tamerlane was preparing to invade China, he celebrated the marriages of several of his grandsons, among them Ulughbeg (then age 10), who also was designated to rule over a significant portion of Moghulistan (the region encompassing part of the Tien Shan Mountains and NW Xinjiang), which, of course, was yet to be conquered. It is likely that Ulugh Beg was one of the princes seen by the Spanish ambassador Clavijo when he visited Tamerlane's court in 1403-1404. Tamerlane's death in early 1405 not only cancelled the invasion of China but ushered in a period of civil strife in which the young Ulugh Beg took an active part. When his father, Shahrukh, finally managed to regain control over Transoxiana, he appointed Ulugh Beg as the regent there. The latter assumed his full responsibilities in 1411, although he continued to be subordinate to his father, who ruled the empire from Herat. At Shahrukh's death in 1447, Ulugh Beg succeeded him, but survived only two years as an independent ruler before being overthrown and beheaded in 1449. Although for a time in the mid-1420s Ulugh Beg's armies waged a successful war for control of parts of Moghulistan (including Kashgar), increasingly he seems to have devoted himself to scholarly pursuits and patronage of the arts. In 1417-1420 he had a large madrasa (school) built, which still stands on the Registan in the center of Samarkand. The Timurid founder of the Moghul Empire in the early sixteenth century, Babur, describes what this complex of buildings was like then (only the school has survived): Amongst Ulugh Beg's buildings inside the town are a college and a hospice (khanaqah). The dome of the hospice is very large: few so large are known anywhere else in the world. Near these two buildings he constructed an excellent hot bath...; he had the pavements in this made of all sorts of stone. There is no bath like this in Khurasan or anywhere else in Samarkand....To the south of the college is his mosque, known as the "Carved Mosque" because its ceiling and walls are all covered with carved islimi and pictures made of inlaid woods... Babur goes on to describe Ulugh Beg's observatory (see below) and some of the splendid gardens and pavilions that he had built, one of them apparently decorated with porcelain specially ordered from China. His conscious efforts to honor his grandfather included donation of the huge Koran stand that can still be seen in the Bibi Khanum Mosque and placement of of a striking jade cenotaph above Tamerlane's grave in the Gur-i Amir mausoleum. There is reason to believe that this huge block of jade came as booty from one of Ulugh Beg's campaigns in Moghulistan in the 1420s. Ulugh Beg was laid to rest in the Gur-i Mir at the feet of his grandfather (in the photo, Ulugh Beg's grave is in the foreground; Tamerlane's behind). While the achievements of his reign were many, he is probably best remembered for his scientific contributions. The madrasa became a major center of learning in the Islamic world, whose influence spread widely and lasted beyond Ulugh Beg's death, at which time some of the scholars he had supported left Samarkand for capitals such as Istanbul which promised more stability. The first director of his observatory was Qazizadeh Rumi, who had in fact come to Central Asia from Anatolia and was one of Ulugh Beg's teachers. Tradition has it that he is buried the elegant double-domed tomb constructed for him in the Shah-i Zinde mausoleum complex at Ulugh Beg's behest. The tradition of Islamic science upon which Ulugh Beg and his scholars drew had long been valued by the rulers of Inner Asia. For example, the famous Mongol Emperor Khubilai Khan, staffed his new observatory in Beijing (shown on the left) with Muslim scientists. Muslim scholars made important contributions in mathematics (as is well known, our word "algebra" and the mathematics it embodies come from Arabic treatises). In astronomy, they drew heavily on the legacy of Classical Greece and Rome. One concern of royal astronomers was with calendars and astrological readings of heavenly signs (the boundary between astronomy and astrology was not clearcut as it is today). Underlying such "practical" applications was serious measurement and study of the movement of heavenly bodies; it is in this area that Ulugh Beg made some of his most important contributions. The observatory built at Maragha in the late thirteenth century for the Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Iran was probably the most important direct influence on the Samarkand observatory. His observatory was built beginning around 1420 on a hill to the north of Samarkand. Since it was destroyed within a few generations of his death, by the twentieth century no one knew its exact location. All that remains of the building, now excavated by archaeologists, are the foundations and the lower part of the largest of its scientific instruments, a huge "sextant." There is a small museum with exhibits about Ulugh Beg and his scientific achievements; one can contemplate there a bust sculpted on the basis of the study of his remains. Babur described the building as it still stood in the early sixteenth century: Another of Ulugh Beg Mirza's fine buildings is an observatory, that is, an instrument for writing astronomical tables. this stands three storeys high, on the skirt of the Kohik upland. By its means the Mirza worked out the Gurkhani Tables, now used all over the world instead of earlier such compilations.... One modern reconstruction of the building's appearance is shown here. The so-called "sextant" obviously would have extended well above the ground (as the drawing shows) and likely was closer to being a quadrant. As Krisciunas points out in his interesting discussion of the instrument, it "was by far the largest meridian instrument ever built." Fragments of the curved measuring track have survived with markings for around 20 degrees; this is about the highest point that observations likely would have been made. The "sextant" would have been used to measure the angle of elevation of major heavenly bodies, especially at the time of the winter and summer solstices. Light from the given body, passing through a controlled opening, would have shone on the curved track, which is marked very precisely with degrees and minutes. "It could achieve a resolution of several seconds of arc--on the order of a six-hundredth of a degree, or the diameter of an American penny at a distance of more than half a kilometer" (Krisciunas). It is not clear whether more than the sun and moon could have been measured in this fashion, since planets, for example, would not have cast sufficient light. The observatory was equipped with a variety of other instruments, which probably accounted for the largest part of its scientific measurement. While only written lists (not the actual instruments) have survived, one can at least get a feel for what some might have been like (among them armillary spheres) from those to be seen today atop Khubilai Khan's observatory in Beijing. One of the most important measurements carried out by Ulugh Beg's astronomers was the obliquity of the ecliptic. The ecliptic is the circular path described by the the sun in the course of a year, and its obliquity is the angle at which it cuts the equator. Establishing this precisely is important for a variety of other astronomical measurements and calendrical calculations. The astronomers in the classical world had errors on the order of 7'-10'. Arab astronomers achieved for the most part much greater precision; in the case of Ulugh Beg, the error was only -0'32". His results for the calculation of the movement of the planets are also impressively close to those obtained by modern means. Some consider his most significant achievement to be the compilation of a catalogue of the stars and their locations. This was the first such catalogue based on new, direct observation since that complied some 1600 years earlier by the important Greek astronomer Hipparchus. Our appreciation for Ulugh Beg's work increases when we remember that he was working nearly two centuries prior to the invention of the telescope. His work eventually became known in Europe, with the publication in London in 1650 of a Latin translation of his "Chronology," and fifteen years later the first of many European editions of his star tables. As Krisciunas points out, the impact on European astronomy was slight though, given the advances that had been made prior to the time when Ulugh Beg's work became known. The Samarkand observatory was much more important for its influence on astronomy in Mughal India. That said, Ulugh Beg was certainly the most important observational astronomer of the 15th century. He was one of the first to advocate and build permanently mounted astronomical instruments. His catalogue of 1018 stars (some sources count 1022) was the only such undertaking carried out between the times of Cladius Ptolemy (ca. 170 A.D.) and Tycho Brahe (ca. 1600). And...his attitude towards scientific endeavors was surprisingly modern. (Krisciunas) -- Daniel C. Waugh 1) Aydin Sayili, The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory (Ankara, 1960), Ch. VIII, pp. 260-289. 2)Kevin Krisciunas, "Ulugh Beg's Zij," in H. B. Paksoy, ed., Central Asian Monuments (Istanbul, 1992). A professional astronomer's assessment, with extensive bibliography. 3) Iz istorii epokhi Ulugbeka (Tashkent, 1965). 4) Bernhard du Mont, "Ulugh Beg: Astronom und Herrscher in Samarkand," Sterne und Weltraum, 2002, Nos. 9-10, pp. 38-46. The first of two beautifully illustrated articles on Ulugh Beg by German astronomers; published in a high-quality popular astronomy journal. 5) Heiner Schwan, "Die Tabellen von Ulugh Beg: Die Sternkataloge des Ptolemäus, Ulugh Beg und Tycho Brahe im Vergleich," Sterne und Weltraum, 2002, Nos. 9-10, pp. 48-51. Back to Top © 2002 Silk Road Seattle   Silk Road Seattle is a project of the Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities at the University of Washington. Additional funding has been provided by the Silkroad Foundation of Saratoga California.

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/uz/samarkand/obser.html

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MLBPA Info    Sights and Sounds 11/18/2008 10:18 AM ET McDonald making game accessible Blue Jays shortstop invests in the community tickets for any Major League Baseball game John McDonald grew up in Connecticut, about two hours north of Yankee Stadium and about two hours southwest of Fenway Park. Since his father was a Yankees fan, McDonald's earliest memories of watching a Major League game came at Yankee Stadium during the Don Mattingly Era when he was 5 or 6. He was in attendance for an Opening Day game and an Old Timer's game, among others. The trips into New York left a strong impression, but McDonald did have one regret. "It was hard to get autographs," he said. So now that McDonald is in the Major Leagues, he tries to make it possible for regular folks to get up close to the game. He and several Jays visited wounded American soldiers at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., during a road trip to Baltimore in 2007. "We talked baseball for awhile," McDonald said. Later McDonald was among those who made it possible for a wounded veteran to take batting practice prior to a game at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. "He swung the bat pretty well," McDonald said. "We are privileged and fortunate to play the game. I want to bring more people out to the park." McDonald was honored in 2007 with the John Cerutti Award, named for the late Jays pitcher, by the Toronto chapter of the Baseball Writers Association of America. "For me to be chosen was very nice," he said. "There are so many things done [by other players] that people don't see." The award is given annually to the person associated with day-to-day workings of Blue Jays baseball who displays goodwill, cooperation and character as exemplified by Cerutti. "A lot of people don't want to hear the good things. There are a lot more things that players do besides on the field," said McDonald, who made appearances for the Ronald McDonald House while with the Cleveland Indians. "There are so many positive things that people do." -- Red Line Editorial Team Auction

http://detroit.tigers.mlb.com/pa/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081118&content_id=3683188&vkey=mlbpa_news&fext=.jsp

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Control Panel The Control Panel is a central administration point for dmBridge. For the most part, it is a web-based front-end to the dm/data/config/config.xml file. It also enables point-and-click moderation of social features. From a usability standpoint, our goal is to make the Control Panel easy and intuitive, meaning that tasks can be accomplished without needing to consult a lot of wordy documentation such as you are now reading. Inline help is provided in certain areas that we have assumed might be potentially confusing or not fully self-explanatory. Where necessary - as suggested by you - we will add extra help here. As always, feedback is welcome. The Control Panel is not regularly tested in Internet Explorer and was known to have issues in it, last time we checked. Please keep in mind that the developers' time is limited and that spending time working around bugs in IE cannot really rank as a priority considering all the other work to be done.

http://digital.library.unlv.edu/software/dmbridge/documentation/control-panel-0

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Take the 2-minute tour × Recently we had an extended water outage. When water came back, pressure in the lines was much higher. The hot water heater started leaking from the pressure release valve and after flipping it a few times, it didn't stop, so I was prepared to go replace it, but then I accidentally pushed on the end of the pull bar that goes to the valve and the flow stopped. Tried flipping it again, it leaked again, pushed the bar and it stopped. Am I right in thinking the spring is shot, time to replace it? share|improve this question add comment 2 Answers up vote 3 down vote accepted I would replace the P-T valve regardless, as it sounds questionable. They're about $10-15, plus usually a pipe directing it to the floor or even a nearby floor drain (which you can probably re-use). It's a safety device that prevents your tank from over-pressurizing (which in very extreme cases can actually cause an incredibly powerful explosion -- check youtube for some entertaining mythbusters clips). You also don't want it to trip accidentally, as it will pour a lot of very hot water out and will not stop until the P-T valve shuts itself off automatically (unlikely if it's broken), or someone shuts off an upstream valve. If your floor drain is clogged, or gets overwhelmed, you have a flooded basement/house. share|improve this answer Yeah with the dying spring (or what I think is the dying spring), the leak already happened. Fortunately for us, the basement is currently unfinished (just demo'd it). And I've seen the mythbusters episode in question, though in this case I'm not concerned about the tank OVER pressurizing - but rather that the valve isn't sealing tightly enough. But yeah, replacement is definitely on the plan now. –  The Evil Greebo Sep 14 '11 at 12:38 add comment If your home has high water pressure, then you need to have a pressure regulator valve installed just after the main shutoff, and possibly an expansion tank to handle pressure from the expanding water in the hot water tank once that valve is installed (you would no longer have expanding water going back into the mains once the valve is installed). To find out, pick up a tester from your local HI store, they are relatively cheap: pressure tester If you're outside of the normal 40-65 psi range, then the pressure regulator valve you need will look something like this: pressure regulator valve It can be a DIY job if you are comfortable with cutting and soldering pipes. If, on the other hand, the gauge reads below 65psi when the water tank's TPR is leaking, then it may be going bad. You should also verify that the water heater's temperature is not set too high before replacing this valve. share|improve this answer We actually have an expansion tank already in place in exactly the right spot, but I do think I'll pick up a gauge and a regulator when I pick up the replacement P-T valve, just to be safe. –  The Evil Greebo Sep 14 '11 at 12:39 add comment Your Answer

http://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/8906/do-i-need-to-replace-my-hot-water-tanks-pressure-release-valve/8908

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Take the 2-minute tour × I have three toilets that all flush slowly and incompletely. I've adjusted the chain to ensure the flap raises completely. I've raised the float to ensure the tank fills nice and high. Yet I have this nagging issue on all my toilets. It often takes multiple flushes to clear simple waste and toilet paper, never mind the "hard" stuff. All the sinks and tubs drain well, no issues. I'm wondering if the age of a toilet can be a factor. All of my toilets are from the mid-eighties. I'm getting to the point where I just want to replace thm with some water-saving toilets but it would suck to have the problem persist. share|improve this question Do you live in a hard water area? There might be water deposits clogging the nozzles underneath the rim. I've used vinegar to clean water deposits; lots of people on this site swear by CLR though I don't know if it would be safe in the toilet tank... maybe turn off the water, hold the flapper open and pour some in directly? –  Niall C. Sep 17 '11 at 0:44 I live in Minnesota, have city water, and no water softener, I'm not sure I would really recognize hard water without serious stains in my showers. I'm curious, how does the amount of water coming from under the rim affect flushing? –  allnightgrocery Sep 17 '11 at 1:21 I believe it works by keeping the siphoning action going until everything in the bowl has been sucked past the curve in the waste pipe. Less water means air gets into the pipe so no siphoning: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet#Siphoning-toilet –  Niall C. Sep 17 '11 at 1:31 septic, or city sewer? –  Tester101 Sep 17 '11 at 2:01 We have city sewer. –  allnightgrocery Sep 17 '11 at 2:08 add comment 4 Answers up vote 7 down vote accepted I picked up some CLR and scrubbed all the jets under the rim. I even ran some through the tank - open flapper so as to minimize contact with the rubber and plastic. Using a mirror and a small piece of wire I was able to clean out a few stubborn holes. All toilets were able to take a steady volume of water from a bucket without issue. This lead me to do a little more research. What I found was the hole at the bottom of the toilet that forces water down the drain is actually more susceptible to clogging and plays a larger role in the syphoning action. All three toilets had significant mineral build-up in this hole. A few minutes with my finger was able to clear out quite a lot. Some careful work with a small l-shaped alan wrench brought me the rest of the way home. Whammy! The two younger toilets now flush like a champ. The oldest was so badly plugged I'll be needing a replacement. I'm gonna try a little soaking with CLR to see if it'll free up but I'm expecting a trip to the hardware store. share|improve this answer add comment To isolate the problem to the toilet internals and not any other plumbing, fill a large bucket (5 gal would be more than enough) with water and pour it in the bowl as fast as it will take it. If it drains quickly, just replace the toilet, since you were already considering it. I'm amazed at how well the newer toilets flush without using lots of water. Short of replacing the toilet, I like Niall's CLR idea. You could also check that nothing is blocking the flow under the flapper with your fingers. If the toilet still drains slowly, then you have a blockage that may not be solved with a new toilet. It could be an improperly installed wax seal, perhaps the drain line isn't properly sized, or there's something that can be snaked out. It's also possible you could have a venting issue, but I'd expect bubbles, gurgling, or bad smells with your other plumbing if that were the case. share|improve this answer add comment Here's an idea. Get the rim dry and then cover the drain holes with duct tape. Pour in the clr and let it sit for a good while. Pull off tape and gauge improvement. I've got a similar issue in my apt and now have to burn up a Saturday tackling it. share|improve this answer add comment Check the venting. You have to have good vent in the drain lines or you're losing half of your flush power to the siphon effect from the trap and water remaining in the bowl after the flush. Newer houses are usually fine on this unless there's been some remodling done by someone who doesn't understand what the vent up to the roof are for. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/8969/why-do-my-toilets-flush-slowly-and-often-incompletely/8974

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Solaris 10 8/07 Installation Guide: Solaris Live Upgrade and Upgrade Planning ProcedureTo Install a Solaris Flash Archive With a Profile This procedure provides the steps to install a Solaris Flash archive or differential archive by using a profile. If you added locales to the profile, make sure that you have created a boot environment with additional disk space. 1. Install the Solaris Live Upgrade SUNWlucfg, SUNWlur, and SUNWluu packages on your system. These packages must be from the release you are upgrading to. For step-by-step procedures, see To Install Solaris Live Upgrade With the pkgadd Command. 2. Become superuser or assume an equivalent role. 3. Create a profile. See To Create a Profile to be Used by Solaris Live Upgrade for a list of keywords that can be used in a Solaris Live Upgrade profile. 4. Type: # luupgrade -f -n BE_name -s os_image_path -j profile_path Indicates to install an operating system from a Solaris Flash archive. -n BE_name Specifies the name of the boot environment that is to be upgraded. -s os_image_path Specifies the path name of a directory that contains an operating system image. This directory can be on an installation medium, such as a DVD-ROM, CD-ROM, or it can be an NFS or UFS directory. -j profile_path Path to a JumpStart profile that is configured for a flash installation. The profile must be in a directory on the local machine. The -s option's operating system version and the Solaris Flash archive operating system version must be identical. The boot environment is ready to be activated. See Activating a Boot Environment. Example 5–12 Install a Solaris Flash archive on a Boot Environment With a Profile In this example, a profile provides the location of the archive to be installed. # profile keywords profile values install_type flash_install archive_location nfs installserver:/export/solaris/flasharchive/solarisarchive After creating the profile, you can run the luupgrade command and install the archive. The -j option is used to access the profile. The pkgadd command adds the Solaris Live Upgrade packages from the release you are upgrading to. # pkgadd -d /server/packages SUNWlucfg SUNWlur SUNWluu # luupgrade -f -n second_disk \ -s /net/installmachine/export/solarisX/OS_image \ -j /var/tmp/profile The boot environment is then ready to be activated. See Activating a Boot Environment. To create a profile, see To Create a Profile to be Used by Solaris Live Upgrade.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/820-0178/luupgrade1-8800/index.html

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OpenWindows Advanced User's Guide 10.3 Setting Default File Permissions The umask command sets a default file permission for all the files and directories you create. For example, if you are security conscious and you want to grant members of your group, and all users, only read and execute permissions (-rwxr-xr-x) on your directories and files, you can set the umask in your.cshrc and .profile file so that every new file or directory you create is protected with these permissions. Like the chmod command, umask uses a numeric code to represent absolute file permissions. However, the method used to calculate the code for umask is distinctly different from the method for chmod. To begin with, if umask is set to 000, all files you create have the following (read and write, but not execute) permissions: rw-rw-rw- (mode 666) and all directories created have the following (read, write, and execute) permissions: rwxrwxrwx (mode 777) To determine the value to use for umask, you subtract the value of the permissions you want (using the value you would specify for the chmod command) from the current default permissions assigned to files. The remainder is the value to use for the umask command. For example, suppose you want to change the default mode for files from 666 (rw-rw-rw-) to 644 (rw-r--r--). Subtract 644 from 666. The remainder, 022, is the numeric value you would use with umask as follows: umask 022 Similar to the numeric code for the chmod command, the three numbers used with umask are as follows: Table 10-1 shows the file permissions created for each digit of the umask command's numeric code. Table 10-1 Permissions for umask umask code  For more information on the umask command, refer to the man Pages(1): User Commands.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-2902/6jc3b36gr/index.html

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Solaris Handbook for Sun Frame Buffers Overlay and Underlay Structure The underlay 8-bit PseudoColor visual is sometimes referred to as the 8R visual because the pixel is stored in the red channel of the frame buffer. The overlay 8-bit PseudoColor visual is referred to as the 8X visual because it is stored in the X channel. The window pixels in the overlay visual do not interfere with the window pixels in the underlay visuals. However, window pixels in the underlay visuals do interfere with window pixels in the overlay visual. This is true because underlay windows have color data which lives in the BGR (or just R) channels but they also have window id (WID) data which resides in the X channel. This can cause an x11 expose event (damage) to be generated. When an overlay window is occluded by an underlay window, the WID portion of the underlay data will corrupt the color data of the overlay window. When the underlay window is moved away again, an x11 expose event will be sent out for the damaged portion of the overlay window. This is different from the ZX accelerator, which has mutually non-interfering underlays and overlays. Like the ZX accelerator, the pixels of Creator 8-bit underlay windows interfere with the pixels of 24-bit underlay windows. The Creator accelerator follows an X-channel architecture. In this architecture, some pixel values in the 8X plane group display opaque colors and some codes are used as window IDs that control the display of pixels in the underlay visuals. The Creator 3D Series 3 has an extended overlay mode that has non-interfering overlays and underlays like the ZX accelerator. When this mode is enabled, the window id planegroup no longer shares the X or overlay channel so that an underlay window will not cause an x11 expose (damage) event. The maxwids configuration option to ffbconfig(1m) specifies how many of the overlay pixel values are to be used as hardware window IDs. See "Hardware Window IDs"" for details. The minimum legal value for maxwids is 1. The default value is 32. Thus, the overlay visual is a partial visual because it has less than the usual 256 colormap entries. For colormaps of this visual, if the client renders with a pixel value greater than or equal to the specified number of colormap entries, no error is generated and the colors displayed are undefined.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-4629-05/z400013c25a3/index.html

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Sun GlassFish Message Queue 4.4 Administration Guide Configuring the Connection Factory (HTTP and HTTPS) To enable HTTP/HTTPS support, you need to set the connection factory’s imqAddressList attribute to the URL of the HTTP/HTTPS tunnel servlet. The URL has the form where hostName:portNumber is the host name and port number of the application server or Web server hosting the tunnel servlet and contextRoot is the context root directory you specified when deploying the tunnel servlet on the server, as described above under Step 4 (HTTP and HTTPS): Deploying the Tunnel Servlet. You can set the imqAddressList attribute in any of the following ways:

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19575-01/821-0027/aeoqd/index.html

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Solaris 9 Installation Guide Validating the custom_probes File Before you can use a profile, rules, and custom_probes file, you must run the check script to validate that the files are set up correctly. If all profiles, rules, and probe and comparison functions are correctly set up, the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files are created. Table 25–1 describes what the check script does. Table 25–1 What Happens When You Use the check Script check searches for a custom_probes file. If the file exists, check creates the custom_probes.ok file from the custom_probes file, removes all comments and blank lines, and retains all Bourne shell commands, variables, and algorithms. Then, check adds the following comment line at the end: # version=2 checksum=num To Validate the custom_probes File 1. Verify that the check script is located in the JumpStart directory. Note – The check script is in the Solaris_9/Misc/jumpstart_sample directory on the Solaris 9 DVD or on the Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD. 2. Change to the JumpStart directory. 3. Run the check script to validate the rules and custom_probes files. $ ./check [[-p path -r file_name]] -p path Validates the custom_probes file by using the check script from the Solaris 9 software image for your platform instead of the check script from the system you are using. path is the image on a local disk or a mounted Solaris 9 DVD or Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD. Use this option to run the most recent version of check if your system is running a previous version of Solaris. -r file_name Specifies a file name other than the one that is named custom_probes. By using the -r option, you can test the validity of a set of functions before integrating the functions into the custom_probes file. As the check script runs, the script reports the validity of the rules and custom_probes files and each profile. If no errors are encountered, the script reports: “The custom JumpStart configuration is ok” and creates the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files in the JumpStart directory. 4. Determine if the custom_probes.ok file is executable. • If yes, go to Step 5. • If no, type the following command: chmod +x custom_probes 5. Ensure that root owns the custom_probes.ok file and that the permissions are set to 755.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/817-0483/6mg9gaour/index.html

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ProcedureHow to Create a New Task 1. Log in as a member of the destination project, booksite. 2. Create a new task in the booksite project by using the newtask command with the -v (verbose) option to obtain the system task ID. machine% newtask -v -p booksite The execution of newtask creates a new task in the specified project, and places the user's default shell in this task. 3. View the current project membership of the invoking process. machine% id -p uid=100(mark) gid=1(other) projid=4113(booksite) The process is now a member of the new project.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/817-1592/rmtaskproj.task-26/index.html

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BTC Touring From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search BTC Touring Motor racing formula Category Touring cars Country or region United Kingdom Championships BTCC Inaugural season 2001 Status Defunct Folded 2011 In motor racing, BTC Touring (BTC-T) was the set of new regulations for the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) introduced in 2001 BTCC, after the demise of the Supertouring category. The cars were based on standard bodyshells, but allowed plenty of modification to turn the car into a racecar and differentiate it from the Super Production class that would run alongside BTC Touring in the 2001 BTCC. In chronological order of their appearances, the cars were: A year after the regulations began, the European Touring Car Championship launched its Super 2000 regulations. As the latter allowed manufacturers to have their cars seen internationally, most major companies opted for this, meaning that the BTCC suffered from small grids until it allowed Super 2000 cars to compete (with rules designed to equalise the two). In 2007 BTC-T cars were made ineligible to win the main championship, although as of 2010 a handful are still ran by small teams. The 2010 season was meant to be the last year BTC Touring cars would be eligible to enter the championship, however Series Director Alan J. Gow has since announced BTC Touring will be allowed to compete in 2011, with their base-weight +50 kg on 2010. Only cars that competed in 2010 will be eligible to race in 2011.[1] 1. ^ Hudson, Neil. "BTC-spec cars get another year". Retrieved 2011-02-26.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTC_Touring

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Chumash (Judaism) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Humash) Jump to: navigation, search The Hebrew term Chumash (also Ḥumash) (Hebrew: חומש‎, pronounced [χuˈmaʃ] or pronounced [ħuˈmaʃ] or Yiddish: pronounced [ˈχʊməʃ]) is a term for Torah in printed form as opposed to the Torah scroll. The word comes from the Hebrew word for five, ḥamesh (חמש). A more formal term is Ḥamishah Ḥumshei Torah, "five fifths of Torah". It is a Hebrew name for the Five Books of Moses, also known by the Latinised Greek term Pentateuch in common printed editions. Origin of the term[edit] The Artscroll Chumash The word "ḥumash" may be a misreading of ḥomesh, meaning "one-fifth", alluding to any one of the five books: as the Hebrew חומש has no vowel signs, it could be read either way. It could also be regarded as a back-formed singular of ḥumashim/ḥumshei (which is in fact the plural of ḥomesh). In early scribal practice there was a distinction between a Sefer Torah, containing the entire Pentateuch on a parchment scroll, and a copy of one of the five books on its own, which was generally bound in codex form, like a modern book, and had a lesser degree of sanctity. The term ḥomesh strictly applies to one of these. Thus, ḥomesh B'reshit strictly means "the Genesis fifth", but was misread as ḥumash, B'reshit and interpreted as meaning "The Pentateuch: Genesis", as if "ḥumash" was the name of the book and "Bereshit" the name of one of its parts. Compare the misunderstanding of "Tur" to mean the entirety of the Arba'ah Turim.[citation needed] In the legal codes, such as Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, it is laid down that any copy of the Pentateuch which does not comply with the strict rules for a Sefer Torah, for example because it is not a parchment scroll or contains vowel signs, has only the same sanctity as a copy of an individual book (ḥomesh). In this way, the word ḥomesh (or ḥumash) came to have the extended sense of any copy of the Pentateuch other than a Sefer Torah. The word ḥumash generally only refers to "book" bound editions of the Pentateuch, whereas the "scroll" form is called a sefer Torah ("book [of the] Torah"). In modern Jewish practice: • A printed ḥumash usually sets out the Hebrew text of the Torah with vowel points and cantillation marks, separated into its 54 constituent weekly Torah portions (parashiyyot), together with the haftarah for each portion and, often, translations and notes. • A ḥumash-Rashi also contains the Targum of Onkelos and the commentary of Rashi, and usually has no vernacular translation of the text. • A Tikkun soferim or Tiqqun Qore'im sets out, in parallel columns, the unvocalized text of the Pentateuch as it would appear in a Torah scroll and the normal printed text as it appears in a Chumash; it sometimes includes haftarot and the five megillot. It exists as an aid for Torah scribes and for those preparing to read from the Sefer Torah in the synagogue. • A multi-volume set in Hebrew only, often but not always including the entire Tanakh with masoretic notes (sometimes), Targumim and several classical commentaries, is referred to as Mikraot Gedolot "Great Scriptures." Various publications[edit] see also Jewish English Bible translations • The Pentateuch and Haftorahs, London 1937, known as the "Hertz Chumash", containing the commentary of former British Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz • The Torah: A Modern Commentary Revised Edition. W. Gunther Plaut, ed. New York: Union for Reform Judaism, 2006: associated with American Reform movement External links[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humash

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia (Romanian pronunciation: [olˈteni.a], also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions, with the alternate Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, Wallachia Caesarea between 1718 and 1739) is a historical province and geographical region of Romania in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river. Part of a series on the History of Romania Coat of arms of Romania Early Middle Ages Middle Ages Early Modern Times National awakening Kingdom of Romania Socialist Republic of Romania Romania since 1989 By historical region Portal icon Romania portal Ancient times[edit] Sucidava - ancient Roman citadel at Corabia Initially inhabited by Dacians, Oltenia was incorporated in the Roman Empire (106, at the end of the Dacian Wars; see Roman Dacia). In 129, during Hadrian's rule, it formed Dacia Inferior, one of the two divisions of the province (together with Dacia Superior, in today's Transylvania); Marcus Aurelius' administrative reform made Oltenia one of the three new divisions (tres Daciae) as Dacia Malvensis, its capital and chief city being named Romula. It was colonized with veterans of the Roman legions. The Romans withdrew their administration south of the Danube at the end of the 3rd century and Oltenia was ruled by the foederati Germanic Goths. In the late 4th century Oltenia came under the rule of the Taifals before invasion by the Huns. Middle Ages[edit] Horezu Monastery - UNESCO World Heritage From 681, with some interruptions, it was part of the Bulgarian Empire (see Bulgarian lands across the Danube). In 1233, the Kingdom of Hungary formed the Banat of Severin in the eastern part of the region that would persist until the 1526 Battle of Mohács. Around 1247 a polity emerged in Oltenia under the rule of Litovoi. The rise of the mediaeval state of Wallachia followed in the 14th century, and the voivode (Prince of Wallachia) was represented in Oltenia by a ban - "the Great Ban of Craiova" (with seat in Craiova after it was moved from Strehaia). This came to be considered the greatest office in Wallachian hierarchy, and one that was held most by members of the Craiovești family, from the late 15th century to about 1550. The title would continue to exist up until 1831. During the 15th century, Wallachia had to accept the Ottoman suzerainty and to pay an annual tribute to keep its autonomy as vasal. From the Craioveşti-family, many bans cooperated with the Turks. However, many rulers, including the Oltenian-born Michael the Brave, fought against the Ottomans, giving Wallachia brief periods of independence. Modern times[edit] After 1716, the Ottomans decided to cease choosing the voivodes from among the Wallachian boyars, and to appoint foreign governors. As the governors were Orthodox Greeks living in Phanar, Constantinople, his period is known as the Phanariote regime. Oltenia under Austrian Kingdom Two years later, in 1718 under the terms of the Treaty of Passarowitz, Oltenia was split from Wallachia and annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy (de facto, it was under Austrian occupation by 1716); in 1737, it was returned to Wallachia under Prince Constantine Mavrocordatos (see Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 and Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)). Under the occupation, Oltenia was the only part of the Danubian Principalities (with the later exception of Bukovina) to experience Enlightened absolutism and Austrian administration, although these were met by considerable and mounting opposition from conservative boyars. While welcomed at first as liberators, the Austrians quickly disenchanted the inhabitants by imposing rigid administrative, fiscal, judicial and political reforms which were meant to centralize and integrate the territory (antagonizing both ends of the social spectrum: withdrawing privileges from the nobility and enforcing taxes for peasants). In 1761, the residence of Bans was moved to Bucharest, in a move towards centralism (a kaymakam represented the boyars in Craiova). It remained there until the death of the last Ban, Barbu Văcărescu, in 1832. In 1821, Oltenia and Gorj County were at the center of Tudor Vladimirescu's uprising (see Wallachian uprising of 1821). Vladimirescu initially gathered his Pandurs in Padeș and relied on a grid of fortified monasteries such as Tismana and Strehaia. The traditional heraldic symbol of Oltenia, also understood as representing Banat, is nowadays present in the coat of arms of Romania (lower dexter): on gules field, an or lion rampant, facing dexter, holding a sword, and standing over an or bridge (Apolodor of Damascus Bridge at Drobeta Turnu Severin) and stylised waves. The counties comprised by Oltenia The river Olt separates Oltenia from Muntenia Suspended bridge in Craiova's Park Oltenia entirely includes the counties: and parts of the counties: Nowadays, Oltenia's main city and its seat for a long period of the late Middle Ages is Craiova. The first medieval seat of Oltenia was Turnu Severin of Banat of Severin, the ancient Drobeta, near the former Roman bridge, built by Apollodorus of Damascus for Emperor Trajan conquest purposes. Craiova Dolj 302,601 Râmnicu Vâlcea Vâlcea 107,656 Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedinţi 104,035 Târgu Jiu Gorj 96,562 Caracal Olt 34,603 Motru Gorj 25,860 Balş Olt 23,147 Drăgăşani Vâlcea 22,499 Băileşti Dolj 22,231 Corabia Olt 21,932 Calafat Dolj 21,227 Filiaşi Dolj 20,159 Dăbuleni Dolj 13,888 Rovinari Gorj 12,603 Strehaia Mehedinţi 12,564 Bumbeşti-Jiu Gorj 11,882 Băbeni Vâlcea 9,475 Târgu Cărbuneşti Gorj 9,338 Călimăneşti Vâlcea 8,923 Segarcea Dolj 8,704 Turceni Gorj 8,550 Brezoi Vâlcea 7,589 Tismana Gorj 7,578 Horezu Vâlcea 7,446 Vânju Mare Mehedinţi 7,074 Piatra Olt Olt 6,583 Novaci Gorj 6,151 Bălceşti Vâlcea 5,780 Baia de Aramă Mehedinţi 5,724 Berbeşti Vâlcea 5,704 Ţicleni Gorj 5,205 Băile Olăneşti Vâlcea 4,814 Bechet Dolj 3,864 Ocnele Mari Vâlcea 3,591 Băile Govora Vâlcea 3,147 • Vlad Georgescu, Istoria ideilor politice româneşti (1369–1878), Munich, 1987 • Neagu Djuvara, Între Orient şi Occident. Ţările române la începutul epocii moderne, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1995 • Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Bucureştilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre, Ed. Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966, p. 93 • Şerban Papacostea, Oltenia sub stăpânirea austriacă (1718–1739), Bucharest, 1971, p. 59 External links[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltenia

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The Wounded From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Wounded Origin The Netherlands Genres Gothic rock, Gothic metal, hard rock, darkwave Years active 1998 – present Labels Currently unsigned Members Alwin Schnoing Andy Haandrikman Marco van der Velde Eduard Dresscher Sander Wessels The Wounded is a Dutch wave-rock band, hailing from the province of Drenthe, in the north of the Netherlands. They play intense and melancholy rock. In 2000, The Wounded released their debut, called, The Art of Grief. It was followed, in March 2002, by their second album titled, Monument. Shortly after the release of this album, The Wounded changed their line-up. The only two original members, bass player Andy Haandrikman and singer-guitarist Marco van der Velde, searched for new musicians. After auditioning several musicians, they found a new drummer, lead-guitar player and synth-player : Alwin Schnoing, Sander Wessels and Eduard Dresscher. The Monument album was promoted with a high number of performances with which the band played in most parts of the Netherlands. They also played very successful gigs in other countries such as Belgium and Germany. In the beginning of 2003, The Wounded started to work on their new album Atlantic. After working hard for almost a year, The Wounded released their third album early 2004 on Coldblood Industries' sub-label, Ebony Tears. On Atlantic the band sounds more mature than ever before, even though the music on the album is more comprehensive. The experimental parts of old Pink Floyd mixed with the atmosphere of Anathema, Marillion, The Cure, Fields of the Nephilim and other influences like Sigur Rós and Placebo. The band succeeds in giving all these influences their own typical sound, which causes Atlantic to sound modern and refreshing, but also very close and familiar. It got great reviews from national and international press and the band supported it by a great number of shows, festivals as well as club gigs, in the Netherlands and abroad. Atlantic (2004)[edit] 1. Hollow World 2. 18. Carat Dust 3. Running on Empty 4. Day of joy 5. Northern Lights 6. "Prelude" 7. Smells Like Teen Spirit 8. We Are Darker 9. Atlantic Monument (2002)[edit] 1. Dawn 2. Garland 3. The Real 4. Grace, Murder, Divine 5. Billet Doux 6. Chaos Spectacle 7. Red 8. Black Heart 9. Dark Moon Generation 10. Child 11. A Dance with the Insane 12. Monument The art of grief (2000)[edit] 1. Your Roses Will Burn 2. Smalltown Boy 3. We Pass Our Bridal Days 4. The Art of Grief 5. Frailty Thy Name is Woman 6. Where Are You Now 7. Against All Gods 8. Billet Doux 9. In Silence... External links[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wounded

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Thu, Mar 13, 2014, 5:54 PM EDT - U.S. Markets closed Deckers Outdoor Corp. Message Board • indian8788 indian8788 Feb 1, 2013 4:53 PM Flag Just had a conversation with someone I kno about Deckers stock and stocks in general. Amazing how dumb money thinks. I present the whole "Cole HAAN which makes no money and had only 500M in revenues was sold by Nike for $570M to private equity so UGGS which makes more than 1B in revenues and 135M in profits is OBVIOUSLY(how can there seriously be an arguement) worth sigificantl more, minimum double just for the name as it makes more than 1B in revenues and actually does make significant money". So the persn argues back "If that is the case(it is as the numbers are there for anybody to see on the Key statistics page) why is the stock not higher? I just couldn't believe it. This is how DUMB MONEY thinks. It is not about how undervalued a stock is or why relative to other companies or brands; they are stupidly looking at the SHARE PRICE for confirmation as to whether a brand is worth investing in! I wanted to say "As soon as the market recognizes what I recgnize, I'm gettingthe $$$$ out", but just left the conversation as is. You cannot reason with DUMB MONEY as they think the game works in a way that honestly makes no sense. The whole point of a deal is YOU recgnize value in something NOT reflecting value. Who wants to buy a $300 suit for what its worth. Where is the deal in paying $300 for a $300 suit? You want to pay $100 for a $300 suit as you are wearing what is worth $300 to everyone else(those who don't get the same deal because they didn;t take advantage of the oppurtunity when it was on sale) for JUST $100. There is value when things are on sale, not when things are at full prce which is why stores have sales every now and then to create Traffic. But then on reular days, the product is full price. SortNewest  |  Oldest  |  Most Replied Expand all replies

http://finance.yahoo.com/mbview/threadview/?bn=4a64d913-220f-3a4c-b3c1-40c6952688a8&tid=1359755601776-bbb5bc57-c920-4bac-9bae-d399f8fed7ba&tls=la%2Cd%2C13

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Thu, Mar 13, 2014, 6:03 PM EDT - U.S. Markets closed Immune Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Message Board • morons_finder morons_finder Feb 5, 2008 6:47 PM Flag Here I go again The crown jewel in EPCT is their Apoptosis screening technology. Every major company has their eye on this company. Question is, when will jack throw in the towel. I have a feeling the reason MYGN is not talking about Azixa is because this is a whole new class of drugs and they are worried about a bigger player getting involved in the game! SortNewest  |  Oldest  |  Most Replied Expand all replies • As a matter of fact EPCT's anti-cancer screening apoptosis platform ASAP represents an own and significant value. This kind of discovery technologies belongs to the most valuable assets of a pharma company. Such platforms speed up development and can reduce the expensive risk of needless clinical trials. "Big pharma" already made many attempts, also paid big money, to get involved or to acquire such kind techniques, however, "big pharma" also means a low speed to grasp and to transform progress. • "Every major company has their eye on this company" Now, lets see... there are a whole lot of "major" companies out there. Why do we have pathetic volume and market cap if every "major" company is "eyeing" them? blah blah blah

http://finance.yahoo.com/mbview/threadview/?bn=e6a75be3-2430-39a8-9e4c-b0cfddc81082&tid=1202255226000-0066c9e6-5e81-3205-86ee-be055f178c3b&tls=nm%2C%2C182

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What does a flatbread-loving customer look like? A businesswoman who wants to eat healthier at the employee cafeteria? A Millenial chasing after the latest spicy world flavor profile? A high school senior who wants to choose their own toppings during a study period? Answer: All of the above, and more! The flatbread’s image, a mix of healthy and trendy, is part of its broad appeal. That’s what Matt Mantini, CEC, director of product development for Sodexo North America, found ... Register to view this Article Why Register for FREE? Already registered? here.

http://food-management.com/sandwiches-wraps/flatbreads-gain-ground

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Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar review Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar makes enough changes to qualify as a full-fledged expansion, though you could be forgiven for not noticing most of them immediately. The new races aren't that much different from the old ones, the asteroid mining is a minor asset to your industrial sector and many won't play the new story based campaign for very long. But developer Stardock shows that if you add enough tweaks, you can force even veteran players to rethink their entire approach. Rethinking is not the same as rediscovering. Just like the original game, your first move will still be exploration and spamming colonies to grab all the best planets as soon as you can. But now you can settle planets that would normally be off limits - if you research the right techs. So you can settle that water planet, but you will need to divert your science away from the usual military or economic tech. This early choice can set the tone of your game in dramatic ways. The AI opponents are now stronger than before, and both new and experienced players may need to dial down the difficulty level for a while. Though still suckers at the trade table, the computer controlled races are smarter at the military game and will use the new espionage system to cripple your best planets. Enemies are less likely to make unpredictably crazy decisions, and with the greater power in customization, you make an enemy as militaristic or peaceful as you like. This is a great way to see what makes a race tick, so it doubles as a laboratory of the computer mind - set it up here to see what could happen when you encounter the scenario in the main game. The story-based campaign casts you as the evil, warmongering Drengin, now divided between a traditional slave-taking caste and a genocidal offshoot known as the Korath. The missions are still the usual kill and conquer deals, and so offer less in the way of entertainment than the more open core game. In the end, the best stories are the ones that you craft as you kick butt across the universe. Dark Avatar makes your space operas even more varied in tone and content than ever before. More Info Release date: Feb 14 2007 - PC (US) Feb 14 2007 - PC (UK) Available Platforms: PC Genre: Strategy Published by: Stardock Developed by: Stardock Franchise: Galactic Civilizations ESRB Rating: Everyone 10+ We Recommend 1 comment Showing 1-1 of 1 comment Join the Discussion Add a comment (HTML tags are not allowed.) Characters remaining: 5000 Connect with Facebook

http://gamesradar.com/galactic-civilizations-ii-dark-avatar-review/?page=3

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Take the 2-minute tour × In Star Wars the Old Republic, can a lightsaber-wielding Sith use a saber with a colour other than red or yellow? share|improve this question add comment 5 Answers up vote 6 down vote accepted The color of your lightsaber is dependent on your color crystal, and you should be able to get any color you desire, no matter if you're Sith or Jedi (or Dark or Light, the below is no longer correct). Your Light/Dark side affiliation will affect your options though: • Red (Forbidden to Light 1 and above) • Blue (Forbidden to Dark 1 and above) • Green (Forbidden to Dark 1 and above) See this question for more information on lightsaber colors: What colors of lightsaber are there (and where can I get them)? share|improve this answer Not all lightsabers have a replaceable color crystal, though. –  svick Dec 19 '11 at 15:36 @svick if you look at the darth hater item database 722 out of 727 lightsabers have replaceable color crystals, so chance are you will be using one that has it, I'm not even sure the last 5 are lightsabers or just an error in the database that they get listed under lightsabers –  Blem Dec 19 '11 at 16:15 the database is wrong. At least the lightsaber my character currently has, Sith Battle Lightsaber doesn't have a color crystal slot, but it is listed with one in the database. –  svick Dec 19 '11 at 16:25 swtor-spy also has it listed as having a color crystal swtor-spy.com/item-db/Sith_Battle_Lightsaber/46607 –  Blem Dec 19 '11 at 16:42 I believe this is outdated now, as a Light V I can equip Red crystals. Also see this question for our list of colors available: gaming.stackexchange.com/q/46668/6066 –  Matthew Read May 16 '12 at 16:25 show 4 more comments I'm pretty sure they can use any color they want. The color crystals and lightsabers don't have any such limitations listed on them.. share|improve this answer add comment The colour of your lightsaber is determined by the modifications done to the weapon at an upgrade station. You can add or remove the colour crystal to your lightsaber, but you should keep in mind that different colour crystals provide different upgrades. Although the majority of the time you can find the same upgrade with a different colour setup. Colour crystals are created by the Artifice crew skill. share|improve this answer In addition to crafting, you can get crystals via new lightsabers (come with a crystal of course) and you can purchase some from vendors or the GTN (Galactic Trade Network/auction house). –  Mufasa Dec 19 '11 at 15:06 add comment This answer was correct at the time of its posting, but changes made by BioWare have invalidated it. It remains for historical purposes. It's not whether you're a Jedi or Sith, it's whether you've embraced a Light Side or Dark Side philosophy (IE, earned more than 1000 or so net Light Side or Dark Side points, enough to move you past 'Neutral') • "Neutral" characters (Less than 1000, more than -1000) can use any and all color crystals. • Light Side characters (+1000 and above) can not use red color crystals. • Dark Side characters (-1000 and below) can not use green or blue color crystals. • Yellow is neutral and can be used by anyone and everyone (but is harder to craft because its component crystals are uncommon gemstones rather than common color crystals) The above applies not only to lightsabers but to all weapons that take color crystals. share|improve this answer To the people who downvoted this answer: It was perfectly correct at the time I gave it. The fact that Bioware altered the crystals to make them alignment independent afterward isn't my fault. –  Shadur Jul 3 '12 at 16:48 The correct response is to edit your answer to account for new developments. :) –  Frank Jul 3 '12 at 21:13 I sympathize, but why not edit the answer to include the fact that it's changed? That way future seekers are less likely to be unintentionally misled, and future voters are less likely to downvote you too. EDIT: I wrote my response before fbueckert's had loaded... –  octern Jul 3 '12 at 21:53 add comment Currently there are no limitations on what faction or force alignment can use color crystals. Some weapons are limited to a particular alignment, but you can easily put any crystal into a weapon you can use. Previously, Purple and Black-Blue crystals were only available in Republic weapons whereas Cyan and Black-Red crystals were only available in Empire weapons. They could be transferred between characters in Legacy weapons however, so opposite-faction alts could obtain them. However, in Game Update 2.0 these crystals now drop from the Scum and Villainy operation (Darvannis) and can be reverse engineered by Artificers for a chance at a schematic, so it is no longer required to have an opposite faction alt to obtain one of these. All of this is verified by personal experience, but for a good guide to all the end-game color crystals see this article on dulfy.net. As for the list of all the colors possible, see What colors of lightsaber are there (and where can I get them)? Blem's list is out of date / incorrect. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/42575/can-sith-use-lightsabers-of-any-other-colour-than-red-or-yellow?answertab=oldest

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Take the 2-minute tour × I wish to play Heroes 2 on my Windows 7 machine. My problem is that I have some difficulties starting the application. I know there is DosBOX, but I'm looking for some effective solution for this. Do you know about some helper applications like ScummVM which can be easily configured especially for Heroes 2? If all else fails I might just install a Windows 98 on a VirtualBOX but before that I want to try out something simpler. share|improve this question add comment 4 Answers up vote 1 down vote accepted There's no specific emulator for the HOMM series, from what I can tell. Most people are using DOSBox, and if you have access to the DOS edition of the game, it's worth setting up and using. There are many older games that run under DOSBox, and it's pretty easy to set up and maintain compared to a virtual machine or similar solution. DOSBox rates this game as "playable" and you can use the user reports on that page to avoid any common errors and understand what might not work properly. If you have the Professional, Ultimate, or Enterprise editions of Windows 7, Microsoft Support suggests using Windows XP mode to run HOMM2. This is pretty similar to your VirtualBox solution, but if you've got it built into the OS, you might as well use this as a shortcut. Sometimes editing the compatibility settings of an application can get it to run in newer Windows versions than the one it was designed for, but given that the game is so old, it's unlikely to work. Given its low time/effort investment, its still worth a shot, though. share|improve this answer add comment Another option is to buy it from Good Old Games: Heroes of Might and Magic II: Gold Edition They create DRM-free versions of games that are guaranteed to work on the systems listed. Their version of HOMM2 is listed as being compatible with Windows 7, both 32- and 64-bit. Of course, that means spending $10, whereas DOSBox is free...and I think GOG tends to use DOSBox anyhow. share|improve this answer add comment Hi guys I found out how to make it run! This guy covers 64bit but it should also work on 32 by just putting the file in system 32 instead of SYSWOW64 as well. I'll just link you there now, it doesn't require any downloads, just the disk you bought and is 100% FREE! Sorry I've made it sound a bit fishy, but watch it, because it worked for me! share|improve this answer Hey, Jamie, welcome to Arqade! Could you either summarize exactly what needs to be done, or alternatively, link the proper time in the video so we don't have to wade through the fluff? :) –  Frank Jul 23 '12 at 20:40 add comment To bypass the invalid 16 bit application error 1) Put the disk in and "explore/open" the disk content. Find the folder called "HEROES2". 2) Copy that entire folder to the C:/ drive or wherever you want it. 3) Look inside the copied "HEROES2" folder - it will have a folder called "WING". Open that folder and and copy the .dll contained within it. 4) For 32bit - Copy that .dll and paste it in system32. For 64bit - Copy that .dll and paste it in system32 AND sysWOW64. 5) Go back to the "HEROES2" folder and pin the .exe that has the image and not the white application box to taskbar or create a shortcut. Heroes 2 should now load when double clicked on without ever using the installer. share|improve this answer Well it's nearly exactly the same video as Jamie's and I don't plan on removing it, but whatever I'll write some stuff down. –  Kyroheart Feb 18 at 16:51 add comment Your Answer

http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/48868/how-to-play-heroes-of-might-and-magic-2-on-windows-7?answertab=oldest

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Take the 2-minute tour × I occasionally have Endermen teleport into my mines, creating the possibility that they may move a block of dirt or gravel and inadvertently open up holes for monsters to spill through, ruining the relative safety of my dig sites. As such, I have taken to sealing my mine walls by removing dirt and gravel and replacing it with spare cobblestone. Unfortunately, I happened to notice an Enderman in what I thought was a dirt-and-gravel-free mine branch wandering around with a block of dirt. Either I failed to replace some dirt (which he subsequently moved) or he picked it up somewhere else and teleported in with it. Is the second explanation possible? Can Endermen teleport while carrying a block? share|improve this question add comment 3 Answers up vote 22 down vote accepted 1. Spawn Endermen enter image description here 2. Wait for one to pick up a block enter image description here 3. Hit Enderman 4. Observe teleportation enter image description here share|improve this answer Ahhh, you can't beat a sound experiment! –  gnovice Feb 9 '12 at 21:51 +1 for science! –  Michael Feb 10 '12 at 15:11 add comment Yes, they can. Endermen don't drop any carried items when they teleport. They also can't spawn with blocks, so if you see an Enderman with a dirt block, you're guaranteed to find a missing dirt block somewhere nearby. share|improve this answer add comment Yes, in my world an enderman picked up a grass block from a structure that I liked so I tried to kill it to make it drop it's block but it teleported and I saw it behind me holding it's block. share|improve this answer Hey Planner, and welcome to Arqade. Just a couple of things: if you see an existing answer that you think is good, just leave an upvote instead of a new answer. Also, if you have a new question, go ahead an ask it! I realize you can't upvote just yet, but it doesn't take long to get that privilege. –  MBraedley May 24 '13 at 13:07 add comment Your Answer

http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/50289/can-endermen-teleport-while-carrying-a-block

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The Oscars Take Down All the Other Movies With ItS It was a quiet weekend at the cineplexes, mostly because everyone was busy at home doing their pre-Oscar calisthenics, frantically catching up on all the movies they missed, feverishly sewing beads on a dress while a cruel Anne Hathaway stood over them with a whip. You know, Oscar things! 1) Gnomeo & Juliet — $14.2M Everyone really seems to like this movie! I mean, it's almost exclusively because of the title, right? That has to be it. I've seen many ads and trailers for this movie and I still have no idea what it's about, so I'll bet a bunch of other people were confused too. And yet they went, because the movie is called Gnomeo & Juliet and that pleases them. Particularly the gnome part, obviously. Can we then expect a new slate of gnome movies with punny gnomenclature? Gnomeward Bound: The Incredible Journey? Gnoman Holiday? Ethan Frgnome? The possibilities are endless! 2) Hall Pass — $13.4M The Farrelly Brothers strike out yet again. Well, not entirely. The movie was made for a reasonable $36 million, but remember when they used to be the biggest deal? It is not the 1990s anymore, ladies and gentlemen, in case you were confused. Times have changed. Mary's hair has finally settled. You could say it's lost its spunk. 3) Unknown — $12.4M I'm pretty excited for the sequel to this movie, Unknown 2: January Jones Is Missing, about a film crew running around Berlin trying to find January Jones. She went off in search of a bathroom one day toward the end of shooting and now she's gone. They figure she's probably lost somewhere, looking at shiny things, but in a place like Berlin that could be almost anywhere! It's going to be a taut yet whimsical thriller. 5) I Am Number Four — $11M Is Alex Pettyfer over before he started? Everyone's been like "Oh he's the new action star, plus Beastly" for a while now, but Beastly has been delayed forever (it's finally coming out next week), this movie isn't doing terribly well, and all the gossip rags are saying that Pettyfer is a mean crazy jerk who scares his ex-girlfriend. Could he be a bellowing, meaner version of poor Gretchen Mol? I mean, not just anyone is invited to Ellen and told to take their shirt off, so maybe we should have waited on that with Pettyfer until we were sure it was the real deal? Because right now I am not feeling it. Something's off. If we're waiting for a new young male star, I think this kid is the one to watch. Sorry Pettyfer. It was fun while it lasted. 9) Drive Angry — $5.1M Oh dear. This bomb will be immediately followed up by Drive Sad, about Nicolas Cage driving around in a rental car, weeping. It wasn't hard to film. They just put a video camera in Nicolas Cage's rental car for a week, figuring he was bound to drive around weeping at least three or four times. And they were right! Oh they didn't know how right they were.

http://gawker.com/5772381/the-oscars-take-down-all-the-other-movies-with-it?tag=hall-pass

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Most Loathsome Gawker Characters of 2011 Many were loathed in 2011; these are the ones we call our own. This is not a list of the world's most loathsome characters. This is (with apologies to the NY Press) a list of Gawker's most loathsome characters. Learn them. Love them. Loathe them. Rich Hil 2011 was the year of the awful celebukid rapper. Tom Hanks' son CHET HAZE paved the way. But while Chet is a bad, bad rapper, he does seem well-meaning. The same can't be said for Rich Hil, son of Tommy Hilfiger. Not only does he seem completely unaware this remarkably whiny, drug-centric lyrics are a clear demonstration that he lives the life of a rich, self-indulgent wastrel; he also invited us to suck his dick. Yo, you live in the Plaza. Your daddy pays for you to live in The Plaza, do lots of drugs, and make music that sounds like a poor knockoff of Devin the Dude. You are loathsome. Roger Ailes In 2011, evil fat propagandist toad Roger Ailes was proven (again) by multiple media profiles to be a paranoid right wing psychopath who used a town's police force as his personal security guards and spied on employees of his own newspaper, because, as mentioned before, he is a paranoid maniac. In addition to running Fox News, which is, of course, plenty of evil on its own. What will 2012 bring for the saggy prince of lies? We can't wait to find out! Crazy Literary Agent Mark Kelley If at first you don't succeed, turn up the craziness a notch, and then repeat, until literary success is achieved. Radiohead Prank Guy The entire Occupy Wall Street movement is full of heroes and villains. Heroic protesters, villainous cops, craven politicians, etc. Then there's Malcolm Harris, the jerk who tricked thousand of New Yorkers into showing up at OWS for a Radiohead concert that was never going to happen. He's not as loathsome as Pepper Spray Cop. He's not as loathsome as Bloomberg and his private army. But he's especially loathsome in a Gawker-centric way. Scott Adams This guy! First he created the comic strip Dilbert. That's bad enough. Then, he went on message boards pretending to be someone else in order to point out to detractors that he, Scott Adams, is a "certified genius." When he was busted for this, he blamed the internet. He is also a run-of-the-mill white nerd racist misogynist. He called us "pure evil" and "completely lazy." Hey—we are only partly evil. But you are completely loathsome. Dork. Courtney Stodden The fact that 16 year-old Courtney married a 51 year-old showbiz has-been is merely weird. But all the sex and money talk afterwards really, really creeps us out. You are disturbing, Courtney. Just stop... existing, if possible. Meghan McCain She's just super dumb. Barrett Brown As the "face of Anonymous," Barrett Brown landed himself a nice book deal and cooked up a fake war against Mexican drug cartels. Which is a worse idea: coming out as "the face" of a secret group that perpetrates highly public crimes, or taunting the Zetas? It's a tie. Donny Long Failed porn actor who founded Porn Wikileaks, the crude and repulsive website that taunted and smeared porn stars by wielding personal information as a weapon, a case of mean childish spite disguised as a crusade for truth. Eventually, Long got a taste of his own medicine. He recently Skyped Adrian Chen to say, "Hey fag." Hey Donny. Katie Roiphe Rich privileged Ivy League white lady is wrong about everything except how to be a successful troll. The only people who should be more ashamed of themselves than Katie Roiphe are the editors who pay Katie Roiphe money to write for prestigious publications. Let's all try a little harder, in 2012.

http://gawker.com/5869187/most-loathsome-gawker-characters-of-2011?tag=loathsome

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2008 Called. It Wants to Know What Happened to Barack Obama.S One of the many little thrills of being a part of the Obama campaign four years ago was a deep and abiding sense that, finally, a political leader had come along who could live up to our highest aspirations. Yes, Obama was cool and played basketball and was conversant in ironical youth culture, but when it came down to it, he was overwhelmingly serious. The other guys were hauling unlicensed plumbers onstage and suspending their campaign at the drop of a hat, but Obama kept his eyes on the prize and played the grown-up. Now he's talking about "Romnesia." If anything, Obama's 2008 campaign promised a president who would actively repudiate the frenetic, aggressively stupid cable-news culture that had engulfed political reporting. His campaign manager David Plouffe was openly derisive of Time's Mark Halperin and Politico, the two chief avatars of empty-calorie bitch-slap politics: "If Politico and Halperin say we're winning, we're losing." Obama himself confidently mocked the cable-news conflagration that was the Tea Party summer—people were getting "all wee-wee'd up" for no good reason. His inaugural address—a deeply depressing read in light of the last four years—contained a stern admonition to those who insisted on sweating the small stuff: "On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises.... [I]n the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things." That's the same guy who let loose last night, in the midst of a debate that was ostensibly about how many people we are going to kill over the next four years and under what circumstances, this little nugget: "The 1980s are now calling to ask for their foreign policy back." That's a middling joke. It should by no means be coming from the president of the United States, let alone one who promised to put away childish things. It's a dumb "zinger," transparently crafted to appeal to the Mark Halperins and Politicos of the world. That's not to say that humor has no place in political rhetoric or that Obama betrays his promise every time he deigns to insult his opponent. But to graft a pre-planned VH1 Best Week Ever-level joke onto a nationally televised discussion about life and death and our role on the world stage is scarcely less pathetic than the desperate flailings of the McCain campaign that I smugly scoffed at four years ago. It's not just that joke. Obama has taken to using "Romnesia" to describe Romney's inability or unwillingness to hew to a policy position for more than two weeks. "He's forgetting what his own positions are, and he's betting that you will, too," Obama said at a rally in Virginia last week. "We've got to name this condition that he's going through. I think it's called 'Romnesia.'" Today, summing up the debate, Obama called Romney's performance "at least Stage 3 Romnesia." This is very, very dumb. Maybe "Romnesia" is a funny, handy term that usefully carries an important anti-Romney message. But even if it is, it is just too juvenile and jokey to be coming from the president. He shouldn't be making jokes based on his opponent's name. That's what vice presidents are for. Put it in John Kerry's mouth. He'll say anything. But when Obama says it, it comes off as unserious and jocular. It's the kind of joke that, had a speechwriter proposed it four years ago, 2008 Obama would have smirked at and said, "OK guys, let's get down to work." The term, it bears noting, was apparently coined on Twitter by a guy going by the name of @breakingnuts. This is not how you put away childish things. Nor is it by holding up a binder at your stump speech, as Joe Biden has taken to doing in mockery of Romney's "binders full of women line." The "binders" meme is just that—a funny little Twitter and Tumblr belch, an acerbic diversion. For the vice president of the United States to pick up on it and amplify it in an attempt to harvest a perceived opportunity is to confuse dumb gags with arguments. It's what John Ellis calls the "trending on Twitter" campaign, and it's beneath Obama. Twitter—as with other social media that both campaigns are desperately working—is just as empty and mindless as the cable news void Obama decried so effectively four years ago. For his campaign to routinely venerate its judgments today is fundamentally at odds with Obama's sense of himself as the adult in the room. So stick to the serious stuff and let dumb bloggers make the jokes, Mr. President. That's what we're here for. You're getting all wee-wee'd up. [Image via Getty]

http://gawker.com/5954125/2008-called-it-wants-to-know-what-happened-to-barack-obama?tag=jokes

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Take the 2-minute tour × I want to see a Mercator map where I choose what latitude/longitude is in the center and what direction is "north". In some sense, a Mercator map of a rigid rotation of the globe. Does such a program/site exist? I'm familiar with Mercator Rotator, but this appears to be vaporware. I'm working on a project like this myself, and want to see if I'm duplicating anything. Same general question for other projections. share|improve this question add comment 1 Answer up vote 7 down vote accepted You don't say which software you're using, but in general you can use the Proj4 library (for which there are bindings for many popular languages) to create a transformation from one CRS to another. Proj4 has an Oblique Mercator projection type that is just what you're looking for. Its parameters are described here. For example, this definition: +proj=omerc +k=1.0 +lat_0=52.0 +alpha=23.0 +lonc=-4.0 Puts the centre of the projection at 52N 4W, and rotates it 23 degrees clockwise. You can also specify the centre and rotation parameters in terms of a great circle. There are potential problems however, and you'll have to handle your data with care because you can easily end up with wrap-around problems at the projection's anti-meridian. For example, the World Borders datset looks like this normally: world borders projected in EPSG:4326 And with our Oblique Mercator defined above, it looks like this: enter image description here Everything is good apart from the vertical lines, which is where the data wraps around and causes QGIS (in this case) problems when it comes to render. There are also caveats in the Proj4 documentation that say it will fail if the parameters nearly define a regular or transverse Mercator, but it looks like you'll have to use trial-and-error to see to what tolerance it can go to. share|improve this answer This was pretty much what I was looking for, thanks! I'm trying to build one that uses openstreetmap.org, and adaptively varies the "zoom" parameter to provide more detail where necessary. –  barrycarter Jul 9 '12 at 12:57 add comment Your Answer

http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/29101/create-mercator-map-with-arbitrary-center-orientation

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Rainbow Pen Holder Clock Tells You What Day It IsS If you're using an old tin can to hold all those pens that you hardly use but still need around, the Rainbow Pen Holder from Brando might be just the solution to that problem. Besides functioning as a desk caddy, it's got a stacked-up clock and calendar to earn its keep on your desktop. The icing on the cake: its tacky flashing lights that distract you from the task at hand, sucking its power from your PC's USB port. Tin cans are no longer good enough for us. We want the disco pencil can. Product Page [Brando]

http://gizmodo.com/236128/rainbow-pen-holder-clock-tells-you-what-day-it-is?tag=pen-holder

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Cyberdine's HAL Exoskeleton is more sophisticated than Human Universal Load Carrier (HULC), but HAL is only available to rent whereas HULC is available for purchase. Unlike HAL, the HULC is focused entirely on helping the user carry heavy loads—up to 200 pounds without breaking a sweat. It also helps to reduce oxygen consumption by up to 5-10% when walking. Obviously, a system like this could prove invaluable for military personnel, laborers, hikers and fat, lazy geeks that don't want their heart to explode while they walk to the kitchen for a Snickers and a Red Bull. Unfortunately, no pricing information or availability dates have been announced, but you can pre-order one now from the Berkley Bionics website. [Berkley Bionics via New Scientist]

http://gizmodo.com/394089/hulc-exoskeleton-now-available-for-pre-order?tag=exoskeleton

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Leaked Courier Video Shows How We'll Actually Use ItS Microsoft's Courier booklet was surprising, mostly because it was so far outside of what everybody now expects from a tablet. This internal video shows how Microsoft thinks we'll use Courier. Since publishing the first leak, several more people have come forward with details on the Courier project. This video is produced by the same firm that collaborated with Microsoft's Pioneer Studios on the previous clip, and it walks through a slightly different (and more conservative/realistic) iteration of the Courier interface. While the first video showed a handful of use cases, this one actually provides an overview of the interface and Courier's features, and more of how you would actually use it if you are not a designer. The heart of Courier appears to what's called the "infinite journal," which is what it sounds like: A journal/scrapbook that is endless, bound only by storage constraints (presumably). Hopefully they will call it something less awkward. The journal can actually be published online, and it's shown here as able to be downloaded in three formats: a Courier file, Powerpoint or PDF. There's also a library that looks a lot like Delicious Library, where things like subscriptions, notebooks and apps, are stored. This interface does share a few things in common with the other one: In particular, the hinge between the screens is still used as a pocket to "tuck" items you want to move from one page to another. It also still revolves almost exclusively around using the pen for input: In 4 minutes of video, there's not a virtual keyboard in sight. Fingers are still used just to navigate, through flicks, swipes and pinches. The interface has a few more traditional elements than the first video, with more of a Microsoft feel (fonts and titles bars) and less of the entirely handwritten journal aesthetic: a smart agenda, more defined folder system, universal search and multi-page web browsing. It feels more evolved and fined, and less convoluted, suggesting it's more recent. It also begins to bring into focus Courier's priorities, and possible limitations: Other than the brief glimpse at the library and the web browser, there is basically nothing about viewing content, like watching movies, reading books, or listening to music. Courier, in this iteration, appears to be all about creating and writing with a pen, which is vastly different from what everybody expects out of the Apple tablet. We expect to have more a in-depth breakdown of the Courier interface in the next few days, so stay tuned.

http://gizmodo.com/5369493/leaked-courier-video-shows-how-well-actually-use-it?tag=booklet

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The Cyberweapon That Could Take Down the InternetS Surgical strike An attacker deploying the Schuchard cyberweapon would send traffic between computers in their botnet to build a map of the paths between them. Then they would identify a link common to many different paths and launch a ZMW attack to bring it down. Neighbouring routers would respond by sending out BGP updates to reroute traffic elsewhere. A short time later, the two sundered routers would reconnect and send out their own BGP updates, upon which attack traffic would start flowing in again, causing them to disconnect once more. This cycle would repeat, with the single breaking and reforming link sending out waves of BGP updates to every router on the internet. Eventually each router in the world would be receiving more updates than it could handle – after 20 minutes of attacking, a queue requiring 100 minutes of processing would have built up. Clearly, that's a problem. "Routers under extreme computational load tend to do funny things," says Schuchard. With every router in the world preoccupied, natural routing outages wouldn't be fixed, and eventually the internet would be so full of holes that communication would become impossible. Shuchard thinks it would take days to recover. "Once this attack got launched, it wouldn't be solved by technical means, but by network operators actually talking to each other," he says. Each autonomous system would have to be taken down and rebooted to clear the BGP backlog. Meltdown not expected Sitting duck Whoever launched the attack, there's little we could do about it. Schuchard's simulation shows that existing fail-safes built into BGP do little to protect against his attack – they weren't designed to. One solution is to send BGP updates via a separate network from other data, but this is impractical as it would essentially involve building a shadow internet. Another is to alter the BGP system to assume that links never go down, but this change would have to be made by at least 10 per cent of all autonomous systems on the internet, according to the researchers' model, and would require network operators to monitor the health of connections in other ways. Schuchard says that convincing enough independent operators to make the change could be difficult. "Nobody knows if it's possible to bring down the global internet routing system," says Mark Handley, an expert in networked systems at University College London. He suggests that the attack could cause "significant disruption" to the internet, with an effect greater than the Slammer worm of 2003, but it is unlikely to bring the whole thing down. "The simulations in the paper make a lot of simplifying assumptions, which is necessary to simulate on this scale," he explains. "I doubt the internet would behave as described." Schuchard and colleagues presented their findings at the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego, California, on Tuesday. The Cyberweapon That Could Take Down the Internet New Scientist reports, explores and interprets the results of human endeavour set in the context of society and culture, providing comprehensive coverage of science and technology news. Image Credit: noii flickr

http://gizmodo.com/5758579/the-cyberweapon-that-could-take-down-the-internet?tag=ddos

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Would You Wear This Air Conditioning Hat if It Actually Worked? As the summer creeps closer and closer and you start preparing for the warmer weather, would you seriously consider wearing a hat with a tiny built-in air conditioner if it actually kept you comfortable? The Cool Smile might look similar to the fan-equipped cap you wore as a kid, but instead of spinning blades it uses… » 6/12/13 2:30pm 6/12/13 2:30pm It's hot as hell outside, these days, and it's pretty much unfuckingbearable to endure. Which may be why it took me an embarrassingly long amount of time—a few minutes, in this case, is a few minutes too many—to come back down to Earth and realize that pants with their own built-in A/C are not as brilliant as my… » 7/17/12 12:30am 7/17/12 12:30am How Much Technology Would You Trade for Air Conditioning? Complaining about the heat is about as tiresome as sitting in an un-airconditioned room and sweating into the puddle of tears you're sobbing because your body is shutting down from heat stroke. So let's not do that. Instead, let's ask: What is the technological masterstroke of air conditioning worth to you? » 7/04/12 9:00am 7/04/12 9:00am This Is How Office Assistants In Tiny Shorts Fight Freezing Summertime … I came today to Gawker's office—under 95º heat and 95% humidity—to find Julia, our brilliant office assistant, typing inside a Slanket, hiding her shorter-than-short shorts. My first reaction: "What the hell are you doing?" Her explanation was good. » 8/17/09 4:40pm 8/17/09 4:40pm

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Published: March 24, 2013 12:01 AM EST Updated: March 23, 2013 4:16 PM EST Jill Cataldo: Getting credit for all of your coupons Hi Jill: No matter what store I go to, if I redeem more than a few coupons, the cashier doesn't give me credit for all of them. It has happened so often that now I count them when I hand them to the cashier and count the beeps as they scan each coupon. This isn't foolproof, though. Other times I have caught the cashier missing my coupons and I have had to go to customer service (often waiting in a long line) in order to get the credit. Cashiers have admitted to me that they knew they didn't scan all the coupons. Any advice? -- Jeannine Using coupons requires a time investment, but the payoff of a lowered bill at the cash register is a sweet reward. Always count your coupons. Before I go to the checkout lane, I'll quickly thumb through the stack of coupons that I plan to hand to the cashier. Your store receipt will note how many coupons were scanned -- some stores even list the number of total coupons used at the bottom of the receipt. If I know I used 20 coupons, but my receipt only shows 19 coupons scanned, I won't leave the store. I will try to resolve the issue at the cash register or, if the store is busy, at the customer service counter. Calculate the value of your coupons. This is similar to the previous tip, but with a twist. Instead of counting the number of coupons, count the value. Then take note of the pre-coupon total on the register once the cashier has scanned all items. If my pre-coupon total is $42.98 and I have $24.50 in coupons, I know that if all coupons are scanned, my total should be $18.48 before any tax is applied. If something isn't correct, I will try to resolve it before I pay. If you're consistently having trouble with cashiers failing to scan each and every coupon, try handing your coupons to the cashier one at a time. Yes, this is time-consuming and yes, your cashier may find it frustrating. But it's a foolproof way to make sure every coupon is scanned. You might try nicely explaining to the cashier that on your past few trips many coupons were skipped and that you're trying to prevent that from happening. Here's another factor that you may not be aware of: Many stores base their cashiers' performance grades on how quickly they move customers through the checkout lane. Some store chains maintain a time log via the store's registers to note how much time is spent on each transaction. If you shop at a store that bases cashiers' merit on speed, they may be in a hurry to get you through the lane simply because their job depends on them doing so. JILL CATALDO, a coupon workshop instructor, writer and mother of three, never passes up a good deal. Find her column on this page on Sundays. Go to

http://goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130324/LIFESTYLES06/303249977/0/LIFESTYLES09

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Take the 2-minute tour × When handling multiple white-on-transparent png images, I am hindered by the fact that the thumbnails of these images are all-white. Both Adobe Bridge CS6 and Windows Explorer suffer the same problem, I can't discern between two of these pngs. Is there a way to make these thumbnails useful? Is there some setting I missed that allows changing the thumbnail background colour for a png -- now a deafult white? share|improve this question nope.. doesn't seem to be any method to change the default white background where transparency exists. Very short-sighted on the part of Adobe. –  Scott Feb 19 '13 at 16:57 add comment 2 Answers up vote 3 down vote accepted If the Adobe forums are any indication, this isn't possible. This thread from 2010 concludes that it isn't possible, and this search shows a smattering of chatter about the subject, all older but with no solutions. I checked out the preferences (as you undoubtedly did) and didn't see anything myself in Bridge CS5. If this information is outdated and a solution is available, then please correct me! share|improve this answer funny that in your search, I see some users complain about the standard black. Weird, and as Scott says, short-sighted. We can only hope for improvement in a future update. –  Bakabaka Feb 20 '13 at 11:40 add comment I Use a free image browser called Lyn for exactly this problem, you can change the preview background in the settings. Mac only though. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/16040/how-do-i-handle-thumbnails-of-white-on-transparent-pngs-in-bridge

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Connect With Ambler Nonprofits and Charities Ambler Nonprofits and Charities Want to donate to or volunteer for a Ambler charity or nonprofit? Browse this list of nonprofits in Ambler, PA to see ratings, read reviews, and learn about their programs. Find top Ambler nonprofits and charities and start volunteering or donating today. If you have worked with a nonprofit, write a review and tell your story. Find and share experiences about an Ambler nonprofit Write A Review Filter by Issue

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GTA Wiki 9,259pages on this wiki Revision as of 09:35, August 24, 2013 by Arkazaza (Talk | contribs) Tim is a fictional protagonist of the Evacuator Trilogy. Tim appears as the main character of the films Evacuator (1984), Exploder: Evacuator Part II (1986), and Special Needs Cop (1992). He is played by Jack Howitzer. He is a mentally unstable ex-marine who fought in the Vietnam War (where he apparently raped school girls and burned villages) and suffers from flashbacks of his time there, possibly Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Years after re-entering civilian life, Tim is recruited by the US Government to rescue American GI's (still being held captive somewhere in Vietnam) due to the liberals in the Government refusing to support their rescue. Tim teams up with old friends Wandering Hands and Ho Chi (Native American and Asian stereotypes, respectively) and returns to Vietnam to rescue the prisoners of war. Sometime after rescuing the captive GI's Tim gives up killing and starts a new life in peace living on a quiet farm in North Dakota, but is again approached by the US Government, who reveal to Tim his family has been kidnapped and are being held hostage by Communists in Cambodia. Tim goes to Cambodia and along the way reunites with Ho Chi. Tim manages to find and rescue his family, but during the fighting Ho Chi is shot and killed and Tim decides to stay and fight. After Ho Chi's death, Tim stays in Cambodia for an undetermined amount of time and continues to wage a one-man-war against the Communist soldiers there. Tim is once more approached by the US Government, who fly him back to the United States to work undercover teaching a pre-school for mentally and physically handicapped students, to infiltrate a drug cartel within the school. Tim eventually grows fond of the children, until they begin mocking his own intelligence (or lack thereof), prompting him to shoot and kill the entire class with his bazooka. • The role of Tim seems to have had a profound effect on Jack Howitzer, who by 1992 had grown delusional and believed he experienced the events of the films. On WCTR Jack Howitzer claimed to have killed the original Ho Chi (and that he has a new Ho Chi), though it's unknown if Howitzer killed the actual actor, or if Tim actually shot and killed Ho Chi in Exploder. Advertisement | Your ad here Around Wikia's network Random Wiki

http://gta.wikia.com/Tim?oldid=471591

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Name: mstate Synopsis: MState: A consistent State monad for concurrent applications. Description: MState offers a State monad which can be used in concurrent applications. It also manages new threads and waits until the whole state monad has been evaluated/executed before it returns the state values (if desired). Author: Nils Schweinsberg Maintainer: Version: 0.2.1 Category: Concurrency, Monads License: BSD3 License-File: LICENSE Cabal-Version: >= 1.6 Build-Type: Simple Library GHC-Options: -Wall Hs-Source-Dirs: src Build-Depends: base == 4.*, mtl == 2.*, stm == 2.*, monad-peel == 0.1.* Exposed-Modules: Control.Concurrent.MState

http://hackage.haskell.org/package/mstate-0.2.1/mstate.cabal

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Take the 2-minute tour × According to the Biblical account, Jesus was the son of a carpenter, Joseph of Nazareth (Matthew 13,55). Apparently carpenters were not among the wealthy. Be that as it may, how rich could a carpenter become in the Roman province of Judaea in 1st century AD? What exactly would the social position of a Jewish carpenter's family be? share|improve this question Not a real answer but: A skilled carpenter is a specialized job, and they would have an income and standard of living that was decent for the times. But explaining the social position of a carpenter in a useful manner is pretty much only possible by saying "he was a carpenter". That was both a job and social position throughout most of history. –  Lennart Regebro Sep 30 '13 at 22:11 As addition (this was removed from the question body): he was not rich enough to afford a lamb during Presentation and offered a pair of pigeons. But I don't know when one were not rich enough to offer a lamb. –  Voitcus Oct 1 '13 at 5:43 @LennartRegebro - "Or that passage was added to make him seem poor" Have you researched this? Do you have any valid reason for questioning the text as it stands? Are there problems with that portion of the text? Mere speculation on your part is not sufficient reason to discard such a verse. –  comeAndGo Oct 7 '13 at 6:32 We've discussed this rather a lot in Meta as well. There's no reason whatsoever to believe that the biblical passage listed has anything to do with Carpenters in general. One can come up with all sorts of explanations (perhaps business was slow that year? Perhaps Joseph was still a poor apprentice when Jesus was born? Perhaps there was little left for buying sacrifices after paying Mary's dowry?) So it really tells us nothing at all. If you guys really want it in the question, I won't be the one to remove it again, but it truly is irrelevant for a general question. –  T.E.D. Oct 7 '13 at 12:31 @LennartRegebro - a text was has been accepted for two thousand years, containing a verse with no textual problems and nothing in it that is counter intuitive needs no outside source. It is a source. –  comeAndGo Oct 7 '13 at 17:06 show 8 more comments 2 Answers First, Jesus did not live in Judea, but in the more rural and distant province of Galilee. The major population center was Sepphoris, Herod Antipas' seat of power. Historians generally agree that Jesus would have plied his trade in that city: Sepphoris... was moneyed. It was the center of trade for the area. And if Jesus were growing up in Nazareth, which is just a walk for somebody healthy... I think it's something like three miles. If he were a carpenter, or some kind of craftsman, he might have done work in Sepphoris....What does this imply about Jesus' social class? It's hard to know. I think that since he's depicted as a pious Jew, and since pious Jews have a six-day work week, and since on the seventh day they have particular obligations that don't allow them to take long journeys, (on the Sabbath you really are supposed to rest. You're not supposed to hike into Sepphoris and maybe, catch a play in the afternoon, or something like that.) I don't think that culturally, Sepphoris would have made all that much difference. I think as most people in his period who are not landed gentry, Jesus would have worked for a living for six days a week and rested on the Sabbath....—Paula Fredriksen, Boston University The actual word used to describe Jesus and his father is τέκτων, which can descibe anyone from a worker to (meataphorically) an author. However, if we assume, as Dr. Fredriksen does, a Pareto distribution of wealth, it's extremely unlikely that either man was blessed with extensive leisure time. Luke's account provides us with a number of clues to Jesus' economic situation: • He probably was related to a priestly family. • Jesus' parents offered "a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.", which according to Jewish law, was a concession for someone who not afford a lamb and a bird as a purification sacrifice. • His family was free to travel to Jerusalem every year for the Passover Festival. • When Jesus left his family and his job to become an itinerant preacher, he was supported financially by some of his female followers: The same women came prepare his body for burial in a borrowed tomb. Recall that Luke, as a gentile writing for gentiles, would have had every reason to inflate Jesus' status (and therefore wealth) so it's striking that he is depicted as depending heavily on women. As perhaps the most studied man in ancient history, Jesus represents a fascinating slice of life. While he was by no means rich, his family was able to afford a certain amount of leisure and he had well-to-do friends. We can be fairly certain that he did not suffer under extreme poverty, but neither was he self-sufficient. share|improve this answer This is a great answer to a different question. I see nothing in here about the economic status of carpenters in general, so I really can't upvote it (tempted though I am). –  T.E.D. Oct 7 '13 at 13:18 add comment To answer only part of the question: The wealth of first century carpenters is impossible to compare to highly paid workers in late capitalism. Wealth has a fundamentally different meaning in our society to that of Antiquity; and, as such, a valid comparison is impossible. It is however possible to explain wealth and poverty from the first century in ways that moderns can comprehend. Hopefully someone with specific economic history experience of antiquity can help. share|improve this answer It would be enough to say if he could afford a return trip to Egypt, if he could buy a donkey for that, if after returning he could restart his business, what he ate and drank in comparison for example to fishermen, shepherds, olive planters, merchants etc. I don't ask what his salary was and whether he had an insurance policy in Prudential. –  Voitcus Oct 1 '13 at 7:45 @MarkC.Wallace As Bible says, during the census Jesus was born. Then he and his parents escaped to Egypt, and then, after Herod's death, they returned home. Of course we can discuss which census it was but we're talking about a life of an ordinary carpenter. –  Voitcus Oct 3 '13 at 13:11 add comment Your Answer

http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/10328/how-rich-were-carpenters-in-the-roman-province-of-iudaea-in-the-1st-century-ad/10370

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Take the 2-minute tour × Gregório Amúrrio was a Franciscan missionary in California during the late 1700s. He was one of the five original missionaries to Alta California, and the co-founder of Mission San Juan Capistrano. When was he born and when did he die? share|improve this question You know your researching a tough topic when the only thing that comes up is the question itself. :P –  American Luke Dec 7 '12 at 21:35 Can you expand the question a little more to include why it is that you believe he is historically significant? Citing the wikipedia page isn't really sufficient imo. –  ihtkwot Dec 7 '12 at 23:15 add comment Your Answer Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.

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Who are the DobberHockey writers? You read their articles every day, now it is time to go behind the scenes. In the "Meet the Writers" series, each DobberHockey writer will be put in the spotlight. They will share a little bit about themselves, their columns and some upcoming predictions. Next up is Marty Kwiaton. Name: Martin Kwiaton Twitter: N/A Favorite Song? Requiem For a Dream Theme Song Clumsy (OLP) Favorite Player? Past and present? Past = Joe Sakic, Present = Ryan O'Reilly First Fantasy League? Year? 1st round Pick? 2001, I didn't really get into fantasy hockey until after the lockout, but I entered a 1 year yahoo public league and it was done on an auto draft where I didn't set any rankings... 1st pick was Pavel Bure. As the second half of Saturday's Pick’em for DobberHockey, do you put money down on your own predictions? If yes, what was your biggest win(s)? Yes, but I'm not a huge gambler, I'll do a $5 pro line at most. The most I won was $180 which was exciting, almost had $300 once, thanks to two ties (Ottawa scored twice in the final minute against Boston to tie one of them) but in my final game the Lightning gave up the tying goal from the corner a shot along the goal line. Still had a chance in the shootout but Vinny Lecavalier hit the crossbar and Buffalo ended up winning the shootout. If you could give a percentage on your track record, how well have you done thus far? Lots of hills and valleys, but I probably come in around 55 - 60%, I'll look into it more for my first article, unfortunately that % isn't good enough for pro line most of the time. Which team would you put your money on this upcoming season? I miss the days I could put my money down on the Avs, and they'd be making a run at the conference finals year in and year out, but that won't be happening in the near future. I would put my money on the cup coming to Pennsylvania. As an avid Colorado Avalanche fan, how excited are you regarding the offseason acquisitions? I'm a little torn. I love the addition of PA Parenteau, not crazy about the $4 million/year for David Jones, who I don't see as much more than a 20 goal, 45 pt. guy. The main reason I'm torn though is that the team needs someone to put the puck in the net, and Parenteau is more of a playmaker. I would have loved to seen them roll the dice on Semin similar to what Carolina did. The Avs haven't had a 30 goal scorer since 06-07 when Sakic scored 36 and was the oldest player in the NHL, not named Gordie Howe, to put up 100 pts. How do you enjoy being the DobberHockey forums’ beat writer for the Avalanche? It's great when I have the time, and sucks when I don't. But it's terrific to have an area of the forums that you can just talk about your favourite team, and sound off on anything whether it's positive or negative. Where did you get your forum name? I'm a forester, and maple tree's are my favourite (mainly due to my love for maple syrup), hence mapletreemarty. What is your favorite hobby / pastime away from the keyboard? Ultimate Frisbee and Wood Working. You have been quite busy this summer, what have you been up to? Besides working, and playing with my son, playing ultimate competitively. Our Thunder Bay Giants touring team went to a tourney in Winnipeg and finished 3rd in the highest division, and we followed up by finishing 10th at Provincials in North Bay. I'm not 100% sure on that one since I separated my shoulder in the 2nd last game of the tourney laying out for a disc in the endzone. At least I hung onto it for the point, not a bad way to retire from competitive frisbee action. How would you spend stress free end of summer day? Playing some disc golf with my wife and sun, followed by a trip to the beach. Any big upcoming plans? More home reno's, it seems like they never end. When you first log on, what are your go-to sites? Reads? DobberHockey of course, Puck Daddy, TSN, Mile High Hockey (Avs Blog), All Things Avs, Niners Nation (I'm a huge 49ers fan). Most days I'm lucky if I can get to half of those sites. Biggest disappointment in 2012-13? Team? Player? I asked my wife about this questions and she said Team = Leafs and Player = all of the Leafs players haha and she's an avid Leafs fan too, packing it in a little early. I see the Sharks continue to fall a little in the Western Conference, they struggled to get in last year, and I don't see a whole lot of improvements going forward. Rick Nash will disappoint in the Big Apple. I lost a lot of respect for Nash when he tried to paint himself as Columbus' saviour by waiving his NTC to help the team rebuild and then turned around and would only accept a trade to 5 or 6 teams. Why sign such a long term deal in a place like Columbus in the first place if you are unhappy. He had a chance to get out or move on, and pick whatever team he wanted to. Next up is Russ Bitely.  Write comment Comments (0)add comment

http://hockey.dobbersports.com/index.php/component/content/article/46-gates-imbeau/4885-dobberhockey-meet-the-writers-marty-kwiaton

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Ursula K. Le Guin's Great Unsung Masterpiece When we were asking great SF authors to name the books that everybody pretends to have read, one title came up that we wound up not including on our list. Vonda McIntyre, author of Dreamsnake, The Moon and the Sun, and several other classics, mentioned a book by Ursula K. Le Guin. The only trouble? It's not a book that people pretend to have read — because it's such an overlooked classic. Here's what McIntyre told us: Always Coming Home, by Ursula K. Le Guin, illustrations by Margaret Chodos and music by Todd Barton, is a tour de force that was overlooked by the SF/F community in the year it came out. It's an anthropological description of a future community, the Kesh, a compendium of information about them, a science fictional speculation about the future, poems, recipes, songs, a glossary, music, an autobiographical novel. As UKL describes it: "The people in this book might be going to have lived a long, long time from now in Northern California." I keep waiting for my colleagues to say, "Wait, what? We failed to award it every, any, prize from our community. Why did we do that?" But, then, every time October arrives and leaves, I also think, "Another Nobel Prize in Literature that went to someone who isn't Ursula K. Le Guin. Why did they do that?" You can read some excerpts from Always Coming Home, plus listen to audio files, here.

http://io9.com/5924893/ursula-k-le-guins-great-unsung-masterpiece?tag=publishing

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Doctor Who sets an airdate for its season premiere. Plus Bruce Campbell talks about the Evil Dead remake! Could The Expendables 3 go science fiction, with a genetically engineered, part-animal super soldier played by Hollywood's most awesomely batshit insane actor? Ron Howard's The Dark Toweris dead... again. Kick-Ass 2 looks to Jim Carrey for heroism. Plus a brand new Dredd clip! Spoilers from here on out! Top image from Dredd. The Dark Tower It looks like Ron Howard's insanely ambitious adaptation of the Stephen King series, which would have included a movie trilogy and multiple tie-in TV series, is well and truly dead. Warner Bros. has reportedly passed on the project, which is particularly bad news considering they were the ones who picked the project back up again after Universal initially dumped it. Since we're running out of major studios to take this on next — Paramount is notoriously risk-averse at the moment and Disney seems unlikely given the subject matter, so that pretty much just leaves 20th Century Fox as the last studio that could even theoretically pull this off on the sort of scale Howard has in mind — I'd say it's safe to declare this thing well and truly dead. [Shock Till You Drop] Here's a sneak peek clip. Kick-Ass 2 Jim Carrey is reportedly in talks to play an important supporting role in the upcoming Kick-Ass sequel — specifically, a superhero named The Colonel who helps inspire the rest of the would-be heroes to stand up to the now villainous Red Mist, who it really must be pointed out has renamed himself The Motherfucker this time around. Carrey's potential part is likely based on Colonel Stars, who in the comics is "Sal Bertolinni, a former mob soldier-turned-born again Christian superhero who forms the Justice Forever team before running afoul of Red Mist." [IGN] Evil Dead Here's what Bruce Campbell has to say about the Evil Dead reboot, which stars Suburgatory's Jane Levy: "There's none of the original characters. We didn't want to compare apples with apples. It's a contemporary movie - just like Evil Dead was contemporary in 1979, this is contemporary for young adults now. It's basically five new kids who are going to have a really bad night with a brand new director - Fede Alvarez, who was handpicked by Sam Raimi. I've seen it already; I think it's definitely fabulous...This is going to be just as memorable as [the original] Evil Dead without being the same movie. You don't want to remake something shot-for-shot." He also gave a non-answer when asked if he has a cameo in the movie, and then launched into a more general discussion of whether he will ever play Ash again: I'll be honest with you, I don't know if I could - the last one was 1991. I was a virile young man; I'm 54 years old now so I'm not sure 54-year-old guys need to be doing that s**t anymore. But if Sam wants to lace the boots back on and do something that makes sense, that's fine. We may need to do the movie one day, if our careers fly off the tracks and we crash and burn, we might look at each other and go 'Let's make an Evil Dead movie'! We haven't thought of it because Sam has launched himself into the stratosphere of Hollywood and I'm keeping extremely busy myself. Things like that don't come up because we have pretty active day jobs. There's plenty more Bruce Campbell goodness at the link. [Digital Spy] The Expendables 3 Since The Expendables 2 was at least kind of a success, it's time to get rolling on the third one because, hey, these guys most definitely aren't getting any younger. The reason we're including this discussion here is that the latest rumors/speculations suggest the movie will head off in a scifi direction, with Sylvester Stallone taking the story from a book he originally optioned for the fourth Rambo movie. The book in question, Hunter by James Byron Huggins, follows a man "on a mission to track and stop a genetically engineered super soldier who is part animal." As Screen Crush points out, having the Expendables tracking down this super soldier sounds a lot like Predator, and Stallone has coincidentally suggested the third movie will resemble one of costar Arnold Schwarzenegger's movies. In case you're not sold on all this... how would you feel if I told you that the person most likely to play the part-animal, genetically engineered super soldier is none other than Nicolas Cage? Keep in mind, this is a man who knows a thing or two about part-animal violence. Seriously, I'd take all of this with a grain of salt, but anything that makes the Expendables movies more ludicrous than they already are is all right in my book. [Screen Crush] Doctor Who BBC America has put out promos saying that the seventh series premiere "Asylum of the Daleks" will air on Saturday, September 8. Since it's become standard operating procedure for the British and American broadcasts to happen on the same day, I'd say it's looking very likely that the BBC will also be premiering the show on September 8. [SpoilerTV] Game of Thrones Ed Skrein, a musician-turned-actor whose credits include films with the kind of wonderful titles Piggy and Ill Manors, has reportedly been cast as Daario Naharis, described as "a roguish and deadly sellsword who crosses paths with Daenerys." Jacob Anderson, whose past work includes appearances on Skins and Episodes, will reportedly play Grey Worm, who is "a captain of the Unsullied, a group of eunuch slave soldiers who are trained from childhood to excel in battle." Like yesterday's casting updates, both of these characters are part of Danaerys Targaryen's season three story. [Winter Is Coming] True Blood Here's a promo for this Sunday's fifth season finale. Here's a promo for next Monday's episode, "Bad Moon Rising." If you were ever wondering about just what's up with all of Hank's failed marriages, well, Russell Hornsby has got you covered: First, he's incredibly complicated. I would say that he loves hard. I think Hank is a type of hopeless romantic in a lot of levels. He looks for the best in people but he also looks for the best in the women that he falls in love with and he doesn't realize that-I don't want to sound crass, but you don't always have to buy the know.You don't have to get married to fall in love, you don't have to get married to be in a relationship with somebody, and I think he's slowly realizing that. He's just complicated and a hopeless romantic and sort of in love with love. I think that's a side that we haven't seen on the show, but I think that's who he is. [TV Equals] View gallery » Here are some promo photos for the pilot of NBC's new show. There's also a helpful series synopsis included below, in case you need a refresher on just what this show is about. [Multiple Verses] What would you do without it all? In this epic adventure from J.J. Abrams' Bad Robot Productions and "Supernatural's" Eric Kripke, a family struggles to reunite in an American landscape where every single piece of technology - computers, planes, cars, phones, even lights - has mysteriously blacked out forever. A drama with sweeping scope and intimate focus, "Revolution" is also about family - both the family you're born into and the family you choose. This is a swashbuckling journey of hope and rebirth seen through the eyes of one strong-willed young woman, Charlie Matheson (Tracy Spiridakos, "Being Human"), and her brother Danny (Graham Rogers, "Memphis Beat"). When Danny is kidnapped by militia leaders for a darker purpose, Charlie must reconnect with her estranged uncle Miles (Billy Burke, "The Twilight Saga"), a former U.S. Marine living a reclusive life. Together, with a rogue band of survivors, they set out to rescue Danny, overthrow the militia, and ultimately re-establish the United States of America. All the while, they explore the enduring mystery of why the power failed, and if - or how - it will ever return. View gallery » And here are some set photos from the filming of the fifth episode. [Revolution NBC] American Horror Story: Asylum I hope you all like those cryptic teaser videos, because there's going to be a metric ton of them between now and the premiere of the second season. Speaking of which, here's three more. View gallery » Here are some promo photos for next Monday's episode, "Alphaville", which sees the return of Firefly and Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles star Summer Glau as technical super-genius Skyler. [KSiteTV] Warehouse 13 Bionic Woman star Lindsay Wagner is due to return for next Monday's episode as Dr. Vanessa Calder, and here's what showrunner Jack Kenny says is in store for her and Artie: "The warm and charming Lindsay Wagner returns once again to Artie's life and heart, only to have Alice - who has escaped from Lewis Carroll's mirror - turn their magical night on the town into a terror-filled chase that forever alters their relationship." Also, in what is likely even more exciting news for fans, Jaime Murray will be back as H.G. Wells in the episode airing September 3. [TV Line] Additional reporting by Rob H. Dawson and Charlie Jane Anders.

http://io9.com/5936474/doctor-who-sets-an-airdate-for-its-season-premiere-plus-bruce-campbell-talks-about-the-evil-dead-remake?tag=trueblood

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How Not To Modify Your Mercury CougarS Whereas we like to think Jalopnik is a fairly safe and friendly place to express an opinion, niche forums can be brutal. Take the story of one young man and his last generation Mercury Cougar at the New Cougar forums. We know it can't be easy to be a Cougar owner — who do you have to look down on? Topaz owners? Nevertheless, these fan-boys soldier on and learn to squeeze every bit of love and performance out of their cars, which is something we can respect. But this guy's ride we can't respect. He's basically taken plywood and home theatre controls and shoved them in the backseat of his car (something you can do if you have no friends). The execution is so poor that it makes you start to appreciate the ridiculous import tuner crowd. But as harsh as we could be, our pithy comments are nothing compared to the ire directed at him by his fellow Cougar fan-boys. We've included a selection of said comments below the jump. Selected Responses From The New Cougar Forums "You do know that if you get in an accident, all that stuff is going to kill you, right?" "What in the jihad??? What in earth brought you to think all those pc speakers would be so much better than just spending the money on a good car audio head unit. What do the girls say when you ride by blasting the windows startup sound?" "Not sure if anyone posted this already but that ****'s gonna get stolen. WTF were you thinking, not just because it what it is, but because there is no harness and it is in plain view." "The problem isn't the SOUND quality... the problem is that there are computer speakers (LOTS of Computer Speakers) filling the entire back seat! LOL "That neon in the trunk was hilarious to me beacause it was bridged across both seats, so if you were to fold down one it would break. Then again you cant fold down your seats because there is a logitec demo in the back seat!" Cougar Owner Responds hey noggs you strike me as one of those Madison Democrat pplz but I'll ask anyway, PM me where you live so I can have a witness stop by and confirm that the speakers sound awesome. Yes I do, just cropped it out. They're mounted on the dash. Didn't you think it odd that 5.1 speaker sets each had only 4 speakers back there? Guess where the other 2 are Also, the neon lights are hidden (except in the back temporarily). I made sure that from sitting anywhere in the car, you can't see any part of the blue bar at all. You also can't see the exterior green ones without laying on the ground. I just took the shot of it with the camera cuz it wasn't catching the glow alone and to show where it was. Didn't you notice that the camera angle was from like a foot off the ground? Btw if I get a stereo installed with an Aux in, I can use the door speakers at the same time. But seriously, you all own cougars, as if being 3 feet below your ears, nearer to the engine, with the insane amount of road noise you get makes them sound like anything. I can't stand them and it's not worth putting really expensive ones in that will sound better when they're in a horrible place to begin with. That's just a small sampling of what has to be the longest 7G Cougar related thread in history. (h/t Braff) [New Cougar Forums]

http://jalopnik.com/380873/how-not-to-modify-your-mercury-cougar?tag=mercury

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New York Magazine asks the tough questions about the mental stability of your favorite unhinged reality TV loons, including Jezebel fave Ramona of Real Housewives of NYC. After consulting with a shrink and a copy of the DSM-IV, New York decided in the least scientific way possible that Ramona, Audrina from The Hills, and Tanisha from the Bad Girls Club all exhibit behavioral patterns which imply Borderline Personality Disorder. One of the earmarks of BPD is "A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation." That doesn't sound like Ramona at all! [NYM]

http://jezebel.com/5012234/?tag=bad-girls-club.-

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Obama To Get Two Puppies, At Least One More Scandal Although Crappy Hour has died, that doesn't mean you don't need all your Grabbyhanded, Burris-y Frankenstein goodness, which is why, in the spirit of the Inaugural concert series, we're inaugurating something of our own. (Only, you know, with fewer guests, and, since I don't manicure as regularly as Barbra Streisand, with way worse cuticles.) The thing about politics, like the news in general, is that it's subject to the butterfly effect and, no, I'm not talking about that shitty movie with Ashton Kutcher. Some minor news story one day takes down a politician the next which, of course, brings us to the death of Bill Richardson's cabinet appointment. Not even a month ago, there was a little-noticed story about how a federal grand jury was investigating possible pay-for-play with contracts in New Mexico and just about everyone yawned and figured Richardson and Obama's vetters weren't that stupid and went back to Christmas shopping. Everyone was just focusing on Blago and the smoking-hot Patrick Fitzgerald and how no one could possibly be stupid enough to accept a Blagojevich appointment to the Senate until, of course, Roland Burris, who now considers himself the junior Senator from Illinois, did. And, let's stop and talk for just a second about Roland Burris, whose zeal for higher office has never once been thwarted by a desire to do what was, you know, right. Just ask Rolando Cruz, who sacrificed more than a decade of his own life at the altar of Burris' political ambitions — let alone two of Burris' own prosecutors who quit rather than do something they knew was wrong. Harry Reid might faux-fight that shit all he wants (which, given that it's Harry Reid, isn't much — the man would rather watch a few boxing matches on the industry's dime than get all pugilistic up in the Senate). Burris knows he played by the rules and bought that seat fair and square just like he bought those contracts from the Blago administration and he's going to take his rightful place by hook, crook, lawsuit or race card, because that's how "vetting" is done in Chicago. But back to Chicago, which Obama left yesterday with a tear in his eye, leaving his staff claiming that Richardson stonewalled them on the pay-for-play case — which begs the question: why did you then let him have the job, idiots? Even letting loose the info that Virginia Governor Tim Kaine, once thought a potential VP candidate, is only getting the DNC Chairmanship as his consolation prize (note to others: don't talk about Axelrod's combover) isnt' going to stop the Richardson trainwreck, especially as he's withdrawing from the Obama Administration and returning to run his own. His state, like most of 'em, is probably deep in the hole and they'd like a trillion dollars from the federal government or else they've got these mutated, ill-tempered sea bass with fricking laser beams on their foreheads, see? And the overseer of the financial crisis might want to steer clear of state capitals once he loses that Secret Service Protection in 10 years because sea bass and governors tend to live for a while (everywhere but in Virginia, where Tim Kaine is about to be term-limited out anyway). But there are some people that will be coming to Washington, including Al Franken, who will supposedly be declared the winner of the Minnesota Senate race today and Denver school superintendent Michael Bennet, who is reportedly Colorado Governor Bill Ritter's choice to replace Ken Salazar in the Senate. New York Governor David Paterson is still denying that Caroline Kennedy is the front-runner to replace Hillary Clinton in the Senate despite Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver flip-flopping on Kennedy last week for just that reason, so either her people have plants in the governor's office leaking this or it's all just a big show on Paterson's part to make him look so pressured that he doesn't have another choice. She might be able to make nice with either Harvard law dean Elena Kagan or Stanford law dean Kathleen Sullivan, both of whom are tops on the short list for Solicitor General and either of whom would be the first woman to hold the position. In the meantime, troopers are alleging that the investigation into Levi Johnston's Oxy-Mom was delayed for political reasons, a bunch of anti-Bush activists are forced to cope with the fact that one of their own was an FBI plant, which makes me wonder after last spring's Elle story of another FBI plant how many anarchists we really have who aren't working for the federal government. There's also another sketchy Bill Clinton donor story out there which should make for 3 minutes of questioning during Hillary Clinton's confirmation hearings next month, assassinated Pakistani politician Benazir Bhutto's daughter has a new rap song out which is probably more ripe for parody than Rachel Maddow but SNL's Michaela Watkins of the terrible Arianna impression will try one anyway. Oh, and not to be trumped by the damn Bidens, the Obamas will be getting their girls two puppies, too, and someone will be having a very stern talk with Joe about upstaging the boss.

http://jezebel.com/5123425/obama-to-get-two-puppies-at-least-one-more-scandal?tag=bill-richardson

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On The Subject Of These Alleged Online Relationship "Rules"S They're weird, right? I mean, listen to this madness, from today's WSJ: Writes Elizabeth Bernstein, We need new rules now. How about these? You can look, but don't make contact. Strike an agreement with your current partner that you will each disclose any Facebook friends you have slept with. Or, like Katie Robinson, limit your online "friends" to people of the same sex. "It is hard enough to have a relationship without the intrusion of people from your past," says Ms. Robinson, a 33-year-old artist in Memphis, Tenn. Some couples share their passwords. "If your bank accounts are common, why not your Twitter and Facebook accounts?" asks Clemson Smith Muñiz, a Spanish-language sports announcer in New York. Sound scary? Mr. Smith Muñiz discovered one of the drawbacks when he checked his Twitter following-which he spent months trying to build-and discovered an alarming trend: It kept shrinking. At first, he worried that people found him boring and were dropping out. He tried harder to be clever, "tweeting" about Cuban baseball players and his dental problems. He even pleaded for readers: "Follow me and I'll follow you." Then he discovered his problem: his wife."She told me she was going on my account and taking off women she thought were coming on to me," says Mr. Smith Muñiz, 51. She didn't care if they were old girlfriends or porn stars. "She said she doesn't want temptation to be there," he says. (His wife declined to be interviewed.) Wait, what? This is weird, right? Look, I admit to being somewhat lax in these matters (the one concession I've ever demanded was that a boyfriend not friend a one-night stand with whom he'd cheated on me) but I can't help but wonder: when do rules start to rule you? (Yes, that took a few minutes' thought.) All-female friends? Secret un-following? Hell's no. That's sacred. Trivial and pointless, perhaps, but sacred in some sort of modern irreligious way. Granted, this piece deals exclusively with Boomers who all seem overly involved with the newly-discovered gadgetry and don't share our tacit reluctance to appearing cyber-desperate ("Follow me and I'll follow you?") But seriously, is this a thing? And not just amongst those weird couples who seem to get off on the delusion that their partners are wildly desirable and everyone's constantly hitting on them? I'd always understood these sites to be more-or-less public information; as such, hasn't enough personal editing gone on that more isn't required? And as for those threatened by the presence of exes - well, better the evil you know, surely? As one more cynically-minded friend put it, "it's not like you'll be able to friend them yourself!" That said, I know reading about cracked fillings in 140 or fewer has me hitting "Direct Messages" every time, so maybe she has a point. When Old Flames Beckon Online [Wall Street Journal]

http://jezebel.com/5378164/on-the-subject-of-these-alleged-online-relationship-rules?tag=Netiquette

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Like all great compromises, the abortion language in the just-passed healthcare bill leaves everybody angry, and the pro- and anti-choice sides have responded by issuing critical statements and yelling ridiculous shit, respectively. Of course, in the fine tradition of compromise, everyone is mad. Most famously, there's the guy (as of this writing, still unidentified) who called Bart Stupak a "baby-killer" when he decided to accept the slightly-less-restrictive restrictions on abortion funding imposed by Obama's executive order. Emily Bazelon of Slate has a helpful breakdown of the order itself, which requires that insurance companies separate federal funds from funds used to pay for abortions, but, unlike Stupak's original amendment, doesn't bar companies that take federal money from covering abortion at all. As Bazelon points out, this is basically identical to the already-in-place Hyde Amendment — she reminds us, "Health care reform was never about loosening the restrictions on federal funding for abortion and the Stupak amendment was always about tightening them." Or to put it another way, health care reform is about killing babies. We're actually kind of surprised that the baby-killer-yeller hasn't come forward, since, as Mediaite points out, "Like Joe 'You lie!' Wilson, the heckler should reap a fundraising windfall once he is identified." Instead of claiming the bounty for the slaughter of respectful discourse in Congress (a target that was admittedly crawling toward the grave anyway), the Republicans are basically acting like a bunch of third-graders. John Campbell (R-CA), fingered in early reports, counters, "it was someone with a Southern accent." Of the yeller's real identity, he adds, "Some people know who it is but won't say." Less shy is NOW, coming at the issue from the other side. President Terry O'Neill said in a statement that the group was "incensed" by the abortion deal, and that it was "designed to appease a handful of anti-choice Democrats who have held up health care reform in an effort to restrict women's access to abortion." Well, yeah. The statement also says, "President Obama campaigned as a pro-choice president, but his actions today suggest that his commitment to reproductive health care is shaky at best. [...] The message we have received today is that it is acceptable to negotiate health care on the backs of women, and we couldn't disagree more." It seems a little unfair to blame Obama for what was essentially a few House Democrats' decision to hold the country's health hostage to the abortion debate, or for basically maintaining the status quo (although, to be fair to NOW, many are predicting that insurance companies will drop abortion coverage because separating funds is too complicated). Then again, Bazelon has a disturbing interpretation of NOW's language: NOW's anger makes sense as a reminder to the president not to take the pro-choice side for granted. It also gives more cover to the pro-life Democrats voting for the bill. Emphasis mine. I'm not sure what's most depressing: that legislation to help millions of Americans get desperately-needed medical care came down to whether a small percentage of them could use it for abortions, or that the entire debate has now devolved into performance art. Who Is The American Hero Who Yelled "Baby Killer" During The Health Care Debate? [Gawker] MSNBC: Bart Stupak Called ‘Baby Killer' By GOP Rep On House Floor [Mediaite] "Baby Killer" [Talking Points Memo] Stupak Called "Baby Killer" For Backing Bill [CBS] NOW Unhappy With Abortion Compromise: 'Obama Breaks Faith With Women' [Talking Points Memo] Obama's Executive Order On Abortion [Slate]

http://jezebel.com/5498869/baby-killer-or-how-the-abortion-health-care-compromise-pisses-off-everyone?tag=healthcare

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What You Need To Know About Julia GillardS On Wednesday, Julia Gillard made history when she became Australia's first female prime minister after the Labor Party removed former PM Kevin Rudd. But who is Gillard? And what should we know about this new leader? The newest member of the Female World Leader's club is probably already a familiar face to most Australians. However, she is not as well known in America. Though she has had a successful parliamentary career, until now, she has not been a huge international player. As a brief primer, we've collected 10 things you should know about Gillard, from the personal to the political and some stuff in between. 1. She's a feminist. Gillard has made no bones about being a pro-woman politician, which, as the Daily Mail points out, "in a land of cold beer and untrammeled misogyny, this is about the worst kind of human being possible." Australia isn't exactly known for their progressive views toward women, and Gillard would like to change this, starting with the commodification and objectification of women, an issue some self-proclaimed "feminist" politicians never even go near. The cyber bullying and the commodification of women in the media and particularly in new media - I'd like to think we might have got a bit better about some of those things too. This debate now about raunch culture and how women look in our media generally ... I think that's our society starting to work its way through some of these issues. And I hope we do work through them the right way, because for women to be truly equal in all things we'd want to get beyond a stage where there's so much commodification of how women look. 2. She's no stranger to sexism. This could be said of any female politician, but Gillard's experiences have made her particularly aware of the challenges faced by women. Her comments on the commodificiation of the female body takes on a new meaning when you consider all the shit that's been slung at Gillard herself. She has been picked apart - everything from her hair, to her voice, to her "petite" frame has been up for discussion. She was once even famously criticized for having a too-clean kitchen, as though her inability to cook up a pot roast was somehow related to her ability to make significant decisions. 3. She is childless. And likes it that way. A conservative senator even went so far as to suggest Gillard was unfit for office because she was "deliberately barren." However, Gillard has never apologized for her decision not to have children. She explains that kids were never part of the plan for her. I certainly never made a choice of work over family, or politics over family. I didn't make that choice but I made a set of choices along the way which added up to one big choice. I wasn't someone who in my teenage years or even in my 20s who was saying the big thing I want to do in life is have kids. 4. She is unmarried. Gillard has never taken the traditional husband-and-kids route, but she isn't a "softball player" either. She has what Australians call a "de facto" (live in) partner - who is also, "conveniently" a hairdresser. According to the manager of the Heading Out hair salon, Tim Mathieson is a "very bubbly guy," but "not a gossiper." While Mathieson is fairly shy in front of the media, he has been known to share a few things about life with Julia. For example, her unwillingness to cook is a long-running joke between them. She once bought Mathieson a grill, but only gave it to him under the condition that he never ask her to use it. 5. She comes from a feminist family. Gillard was born in Wales and came to Australia as a child. She comes from a Baptist background, but she is not religious. Her father describes her as "unique, hard working, passionate, driven by noble ideals." Politics were "built into the genetic code of Julia." He also supports Gillard's decision not to have children. In an interview on Thursday he told reporters: Women are not breeding machines, you know. Women are unique people in their own right. If they want to marry and have children, that's lovely. If the want to remain single and build a professional life, that's wonderful. 6. She supports our efforts in Afghanistan. Yesterday was Gillard's first day in office. It was also a very busy day. Before going to her first cabinet meeting, Gillard spent the morning speaking to world leaders, including Barack Obama. She said: I assured President Obama that my approach to Afghanistan will continue the approach taken to date by the Australian government. I fully support the current deployment and I indicated to President Obama that he should expect to see the Australian effort in Afghanistan continuing. 7. She also has plans to restore the Labor party's environmental credentials. Following Rudd's shelving of the Emissions Trading scheme, Gillard told the press that "If elected as prime minister, I will re-prosecute the case for a carbon price at home and abroad." 8. She's unafraid of battle. In the press, Gillard is often described as feisty, tough, and blunt. This is a reputation she relishes - partially because of her desire to be taken seriously as a female politician, which sometimes means being "one of the guys." She is willing to take part in the rough talk that for her epitomizes the Labor party: Historically, there's a blokiness about Labor culture but there's an honesty about it, too. If you can hold your own, you win respect. I sometimes think maybe the Liberal Party culture is a more polite culture but, in some ways, politeness can be an artificial politeness of, you know, make sure you don't talk roughly in front of the ladies. That kind of politeness can be excluding. So I prefer our more knock 'em down kind of culture. There's an honesty to it. 9. She recognizes that the war is not yet won. Gillard's election may seem like a huge win for women, but even she recognizes that Australia has a long, long way to go. She reminds the public that, though she is celebrating her win, she won't pretend that all is well in Oz. I think we should congratulate ourselves that we have changed really quickly... but there's still a bit more to do. Because there's so many prominent women in this Government, it causes people to overlook the fact that if you do the numbers we're still 27 or 28 per cent across the Parliament so there's more to do. 10. She has a sense of humor. "First woman, maybe first redhead. We'll allow others to delve into the history and I'll allow you to contemplate which was more unlikely in the modern age," she said at her first press conference yesterday. Australia Gets Its First Female PM [Sydney Morning Herald] Julia Gillard: There's A Sheila Running Oz [Daily Mail] Politics Built Into Her Genetic Code, Says New Leader's Father [Sydney Morning Herald] Gillard's Dad Stunned By Daughter's Win [Sydney Morning Herald] First Day As PM A Busy One For Gillard [Sydney Morning Herald] Down To Earth: Australia's First Female Prime Minister [Time] Julia Gillard: Self-Made Woman Supreme [Guardian] "I Am Woman And I am Proud" - Julia Gillard Reveals Her True Self [News.com.au] Julia Gillard Prime Minister Of Australia [Sydney Morning Herald] Julia Gillard: From Union Official To Australian Prime Minister [CNN] 'I'll Work My Hardest For You' - The World According To Julia Gillard [News.com.au]

http://jezebel.com/5572682/10-things-to-know-about-julia-gillard?tag=juliagillard

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A new study finds that parents are more likely to skip reading the nutrition labels and assume that a food is healthy for their kids if an athlete has endorsed it. About 1,500 kids participated in the study, which gave parents a choice between food products packaged in a variety of ways, according to Public Health Nutrition, either a plain package with nutrition facts, a package also including nutritional information and nutrition claims - such as "High in Calcium" - or a package with a celebrity athlete endorsement, saying something like "I love this high fiber cereal." Slightly under half of the parents read the nutrition facts when they were made available to them, and were more than two and a half times more likely to select a food if the packaging contained an implicit athlete endorsement. On one hand, it's dismaying that consumers are easily swayed by celebrities, and it's super dismaying that so few people seem to understand how endorsements work, but on the other hand, what responsibilities (if any) do food manufacturers have in forcing parents to read the nutrition labels on their products? At any rate, it looks like I really need to rush this line of Pistol Pete Maravich cotton candy machines and the accompanying Dominique Dawes brand cooking lard to market. I've been sitting on a goldmine! Parents Buy Bad Food If Athletes Endorse It [Diet Blog]

http://jezebel.com/5765484/parents-will-buy-crap-food-for-their-kids-if-lebron-james-says-its-okay

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Caffeine Messes With Your Hormones Differently Depending On Your Race New research has found that young women who drink caffeinated beverages on the daily experience changes in hormone levels. How much will your Starbucks and Diet Coke addictions affect your chemical ladyhood? Like being arrested in Arizona, the way caffeine treats your lady hormones depends on your race. Researchers examined 250 young, female test subjects who drank about a cup of coffee per day and found that drinking caffeine caused subjects' estrogen levels to fluctuate. On a small scale, this isn't necessarily good or bad, but on a large scale— say, if you're one of those people who polishes off an entire pot of eyebrow-singeing coffee before 10 am every day— they're not sure yet. Most curiously, the study, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found differences between the way that women's bodies react to coffee based on a woman's race. White women who drank a cup per day had slightly less estrogen than non-drinkers. Asian women experienced the opposite effect, and their levels of estrogen rose slightly. Black women experienced a less statistically significant rise in lady hormone levels than their Asian counterparts. But! One more wrench in the gears— women who got caffeine from sources other than coffee experienced a rise in estrogen levels regardless of race. Which brings me to my final point: is coffee racist? Will the lowered estrogen levels that I'd experience as a white lady who drinks a fuckton of coffee cause my boobs to shrink (and, conversely, will drinking green tea like it's going out of style lead to more curviness)? And, most importantly, what are the implications of coffee on that one follicle on my chin that grows a hair like once a year? Caffeine alters estrogen levels in younger women [NYT]

http://jezebel.com/5880043/caffeine-messes-with-your-hormones-differently-depending-on-your-race?tag=black

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Ruby Roth has written a book for children, Vegan Is Love, which was featured on Today this morning. Inside, there are illustrations of animals hugging. There are also drawings of dead animals strung up and bleeding. Roth says, "My goal is not to scare any child." Roth has a stepdaughter, Akira, who declares: "My favorite food is kale." Probably because she can't eat McNuggets? Obviously vegan parents are the target audience for this book, and they most likely wouldn't have a problem with the illustrations or the language inside. But, as Matt Lauer mentioned later in the segment, when you send the message "vegan is love," do you also send the message that "eating meat is hate"? And how does that affect a child's budding relationships? Surely no one could argue that you shouldn't educate a kid and teach compassion, even when it comes to food choices. But what about tolerance and acceptance of the choices of others? Even if your moral compass is very tightly wound, and you believe that meat is murder, should you let a kid decide for herself? Is little Akira existing in a world where she believes her teacher and classmates are cruel killers? And: While it's true that healthy eating habits should be taught early on, could this book trigger a constant worry about food choices, and lead to disordered eating? So many questions. Meanwhile, I think of this guy I knew who grew up vegetarian on an Ashram in Vermont. Now that he's older, he loves bacon.

http://jezebel.com/5903747/childrens-book-teaches-kids-that-hamburgers-are-violent-and-sad

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Take the 2-minute tour × How does human history fit in with the Torah's timeline? Not even worrying about why the universe and Earth look so old, there is extensive evidence of a human population and human civilizations from well before 4000 BCE (i.e. 6000 years ago, there were more than two humans). Human fossils (that is to say Homo sapiens as opposed to other hominids that existed around and well before this time) and artifacts dating back as far as 200,000 years have been found in Africa, Eurasia, and Australia, and more recent artifacts and fossils (still tens of thousands of years old) have been found in the Americas. Egyptian pyramids (and proto-pyramids) were built both before and after the time of the Mabul (Noah's flood) (confirmed by carbon dating) as well as other Mesopotamian and Indus writing forms that are found to be both from before and after the time of the Mabul, as well as proto-Chinese characters that pose evidence of a single evolving culture that spans pre-Creation, pre-Flood, post-Flood, and modern day China. These are just some examples I've found when attempting to research early human history. I can edit this question with sources detailing as much evidence of this as is requested, or I can reference you to Google to find encyclopedia articles and scholarly journals or the Smithsonian's Human Origins Program or something, or we can proceed with the assumption that this is in fact almost universally accepted as confirmed and consistant records of human history. Anyway, I'm having a hard time reconciling this account of human civilization that extends well before Creation and continues steadily even through the Mabul, which should have wiped out civilization, with the Torah. Here are the possibilities I can personally think of or that have been suggested to me with varying levels of support from authoritative sources, but none of them so far work for me: 1. Archeologists and anthropologists (as well as geologists, physicists, cosmologists, biologists, geneticists, and any other line of empirical scientific knowledge that separately and consistently supports it) are part of a massive anti-religious conspiracy. However I think such a massive conspiracy theory is untenable and would be difficult to demonstrate. 2. Archeologists and anthropologists are all a victim of misinformation as during and before the Mabul, life on Earth was so different as to systematically confuse all methods of dating. However this also doesn't make sense to me, as it implies that while life on Earth really is fully recent, that the rest of the universe must actually be really old since we can see objects from billions of light years away, and the Mabul couldn't impact the speed of light. And what's more, if you can only rely on dating from post-Mabul organic matter, then it raises questions about various inconsistencies. If the pyramids, for example, were of a post-Mabul society (as they are known to be), you should not find C14 dating of organic matter found in or with the pyramids to point to anything before the flood. One way or another the pyramids are from before the flood (and civilization there and around the world continues like normal). 3. Hashem wanted to make everything look completely natural so he made Earth with a history. However the known significant human population from well before Adam would mean he was not the first man, and it would go so far as to imply that one should never ever expect any kind of evidence for anything in the Torah which has its own problems. Worse, it would be hard to answer this without painting Hashem as deceitful unless it can be clearly demonstrated from the intended meaning of Talmudic or similar sources that Adam wasn't the first man and that the Mabul didn't wipe out any civilizations. (Actually, I have heard reference to 974 worlds or generations before ours, but when I tried to dig deeper all I found was a Beraisa in Chagigah 14a about them being generations that were not created, but instead that their souls are the wicked among actual generations. And I have also seen reference to Zevachim 113 to say that there is precedent to say the flood was not completely global, but all it brings is a single opinion that makes the exception only for Eretz Yisrael and even then says that everyone there died. That is to say, all cultures, and most evidence of most of the world, would still have been destroyed in the flood.) 4. As referenced in part of my objection to #3 above, this Earth had hundreds of "worlds" living on it before hand and Hashem destroyed them all in preparation of this world. However, while I have heard this claim, I couldn't find anything to back up that such worlds were literally created in a sequential natural form that mirrors the observed natural formation of the solar system and life. The best I found (which is not to say it is good) is an article from Aish that takes the words of Rav Abahu and allows for a vague inference that they did exist on a previous version of this planet that was destroyed to the point it was formless yet still maintains a coherent line of archaeological evidence of human civilization. Or perhaps Aish meant that in some early period of the sixth day there were (somehow and for some reason? I couldn't really follow what they were trying to say) precursors to humans without souls. (I'm also incredulous to the possibility that Hashem would in this way need to make so many living beings and people only to kill them in the process of making Earth, especially when only to recreate everything in six days anyway.) In any event it only could explain the difference between the first six days of creation with human history older than 6,000 years ago without addressing the events that followed like the Mabul. 5. A suggestion by Dr. Gerald Schroeder, who says time, from the point of view of Earth, slowed down dramatically from the point of view of Hashem (who is assumed to have the same time perspective as background radiation), and it is in some particular way calculated that the first day of creation was exactly 8 billion years, the second day 4 billion, and so on. And that this supports an old age of the universe and the formation of the solar system and life over long periods of time. However as far as I can tell, from a perspective of physics, Schroeder is alone in this understanding, and as far as I can tell the same can be said of the Torah perspective. And it would go against the suggestion that the Torah is written in the language of men. And it contradicts the more recent improvements to the estimate of the age of the universe since Schroeder made his calculation around the turn of the century. His calculation also contradicts the order and time that various aspects of the universe, solar system, and life developed. And as is the case with suggestion #4, this only addresses human history before 6,000 years ago. So as you can see I'm having trouble figuring this out. What are some better, or what is the proper, explanation(s) to deal with human history as stated in the Torah and human history as implied by the physical evidence? NOTE: For answers stating that the Torah does not in fact literally mean a global flood or that human history started 6000 years ago: Please cite specific people that say this, preferably older answers based on messorah and not answers that were forced to bend around a context of archeological evidence. If you reference people like Schroeder or Slifkin who bend Torah around science, go further and quote the relevant things they've said along with the older sources they're basing themselves on that allow for such bending. Furthermore, please indicate why this is not taught mainstream (at least in my personal experience, learning about Berashis from various people and sources, I was never taught that human history was before 4000 BCE or that the flood could have left most of Earth undisturbed). If this is the proper understanding, it should be taught as such, I think, rather than cause people to be led astray after finding the literal interpretation to be seemingly incorrect. share|improve this question @MonicaCellio, I think this might be a duplicate of that first link? –  Daniel May 3 '13 at 21:56 @Daniel It's not exactly a duplicate, as it also asks about seeming continuity pre and post mabbul. –  Fred May 3 '13 at 22:05 @AL, thanks for clarifying, and sorry for the premature close. I've reopened. –  Monica Cellio May 3 '13 at 22:18 @Ariel There were people in Tanach who were exposed to explicit miracles and yet choose to worship avoda zara. Are you trying to make some more nuanced argument? –  Fred May 3 '13 at 23:01 show 44 more comments 9 Answers The question seems to be bothered by the issue that archeological records show that people were around much more than 6000 years ago while the genealogy in the Bible would place Adam, the first man, more recently. There are many ways of addressing this. Just as the six days can be explained as not literally being six days, one can explain that the first man existed much more than 6000 years ago. One can also say that Adam the person wasn't actually the father of all mankind (but of a significant group in the area). Rishonim such as the Rambam already discussed the story of Adam as an allegory, so this isn't such a critical issue. The archeological record may show some evidence for a large flood, but not one that wiped out all of civilization and animals on the entire planet. But the flood story can be understood as being a regional flood and one may not need to interpret every detail of the story literally. Some people have explained that the Torah is focused on theological issues, and may not be trying to give an exact description of pre-history. Others have expanded the concept of “dibbera Torah ki-leshon benei adam" to explain why the Torah may have presented early stories in a non-scientific manner. Update: See also some of these articles from Tradition: See also books on this topic, e.g. The Challenge of Creation, by Natan Slifkin. Update 2: The Rambam did not take the "6 days" of Bereishis literally, as well as other details. See More Nevuchim II:30. (C.f. Wikipedia, though it needs some editing and citations.) Also, I don't see what's wrong with re-interpreting something based on archeology. What matters is whether it's a reasonable (or plausible) interpretation, not what motivated it. See the Ramban on the Rainbow (Bereishis 9:12) where he re-interprets a phrase based on the Greeks' explanation of rainbows as a natural phenomena. (He then realizes that this reading actually fits quite well with the text!) More can be said about these specific issues, but יש לו סוד, and the basic idea is to realize the goal of the Torah is to teach the Mitzvoth and certain hashkafic principles. The simple literal meaning of Bereishis is not there to give an fully-detailed historical account of the development of the world from the first moment until Avraham. share|improve this answer Can you please cite where Rambam said this? I don't have Tradition to look it up. I'm curious how he says Adam was allegorical when the Torah says he was God's first creation of Man, his family, how long he lived, etc. I'm also interested how the he understands the Torah speaking of Adam's children as being "the first to do xyz" which implies that there was not another unmentioned civilization. Can you cite who says the flood should be taken as regional (must have been a small region to leave pyramids and cuneiform) and why it was then necessary to keep countless animals on an ark for a year? –  A L May 5 '13 at 4:45 The Torah never says his children were the first to do xyz. It mentions two great-great-great-grandchildren who were the 'fathers' of shepherds and musicians. That is a much easier statement to take allegorically than: X was the first person ever to do Y. –  Double AA May 5 '13 at 4:59 @DoubleAA I was short on characters, I meant some of his direct descendants. There is a direct linage, for example, between Adam and Jabal, Jabal being the "first of those who dwell in tents and breed cattle". If the Torah meant that human history is much older than that, you wouldn't expect him to be the first. (In fact, there is evidence he wasn't the first archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/qt/cattle.htm ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39419/pdf/pnas01511-0621.pdf and ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1559968 ). –  A L May 5 '13 at 5:11 @AL Jabal and his brother are who I referred to in my previous comment. –  Double AA May 5 '13 at 5:12 @ArielK The Rambam seems to also factor in how well an idea can fit in to the pesukim. He writes that if Aristotle's ideas were compatible with fundamental tenets of Judaism and if his ideas were proven correct (both of which are not the case), it might then be possible to wrangle the verses in the Torah accordingly. By contrast, the Rambam writes that Plato's idea doesn't undermine tenets of Judaism, and furthermore, verses could readily be reinterpreted to fit this view. So perhaps you are essentially correct, but the Rambam also seems to consider ease of interpretation of the verses. –  Fred Sep 11 '13 at 21:03 show 12 more comments It seems that according to Rav Saadiah Gaon as well as Rambam, an old earth is possible. As is the existence of human beings prior to the date Adam was created according to Torah. Another approach is to look at people like Dr Schroder in Genesis and the Big-Bang who argue that as space-time expands from the point of view of a person standing one earth in 2013 the earth appears billions of years old, however, if you were standing and looking from the point of view of the big bang the universe would seem to be a mere 5773 (almost 4) years old. ספר אמונות ודעות - מאמר שביעי - אות א אומר תחלה, כי מן הידוע באמתות הדברים שכל דבר שנמצא במקרא הרי הוא כפשוטו, זולתי מה שאי אפשר לפרשו כפשוטו מחמת אחת מארבע סבות, או מפני שהחוש דוחה אותו, כעין אמרו ויקרא האדם שם אשתו חוה כי היא היתה אם כל חי, והרי רואים אנו השור והאריה שאינם ילודי אשה, לכן צריך שנדע שאין הדבר אמור אלא בבני אדם. או שהשכל דוחה אותו, כאמרו כי ה' אלהיך אש אכלה הוא אל קנא, והרי האש ברואה וזקוקה [לחומר] ופעמים נכבית, ואין השכל מקבל שיהא הוא כך, ולכן מוכרח שתהא מלה נסתרת בלשון שנקמתו כאש אכלה, וכמו שנאמר כי באש קנאתי תאכל כל הארץ. And so I declare, first of all, that it is a well known fact that every statement found in the Bible is to be understood in its literal sense except for those that cannot be so construed for one of the following four reasons. It may, for example, be rejected by the observation of the senses, such as the statement, “And the man called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living” (Gen. 3:20), whereas we see that the ox and the lion are not the offspring of womankind. Hence we must conclude that the implication of the statement embraces human descendants only. *Or else the literal sense may be neglected by reason such as that of the statement,* “For the Lord thy God is a devouring fire, a jealous God” (Deut. 4:24). Now fire is something created and defective, for it is subject to extinction. Hence it is logically inadmissible that God resemble it. We must, therefore, impute to this statement the meaning that God’s punishment is like a consuming fire, in accordance with the remark made elsewhere in Scripture, “For all the earth shall be devoured with the fire of My jealousy (Zeph. 3:8) ספר מורה נבוכים - חלק ב פרק כה דע כי אין בריחתנו מן המאמר בקדמות העולם מפני הכתובים אשר באו בתורה בהיות העולם מחודש - כי אין הכתובים המורים על חידוש העולם יותר מן הכתובים המורים על היות האלוה גשם; ולא שערי הפרוש סתומים בפנינו ולא נמנעים לנו בענין חידוש העולם, אבל היה אפשר לנו לפרשם, כמו שעשינו בהרחקת הגשמות; ואולי זה היה יותר קל הרבה, והיינו יכולים יותר לפרש הפסוקים ההם ולהעמיד קדמות העולם, כמו שפרשנו הכתובים והרחקנו היותו ית' גשם. ואמנם הביאונו שלא לעשות זה ושלא נאמינהו - שתי סיבות. האחת מהם - שהיות האלוה בלתי גוף התבאר במופת, ויתחיב בהכרח שיפורש כל מה שיחלוק על פשוטו המופת, ויודע שיש לו פרוש בהכרח; וקדמות העולם לא התבאר במופת, ואין צריך שיודחו הכתובים ויפורשו מפני הכרעת דעת שאפשר להכריע סותרו בפנים מן ההכרעות; וזה - סיבה אחת. והסיבה השנית - כי האמיננו שהאלוה בלתי גשם לא יסתור לנו דבר מיסודי התורה, ולא יכזיב מאמר כל נביא, ואין בו אלא מה שיחשבו הפתאים שבזה כנגד הכתוב - ואינו כנגדו, כמו שבארנו, אבל הוא כונת הכתוב! אבל אמונת הקדמות על הצד אשר יראה אותו אריסטו, שהוא על צד החיוב, ולא ישתנה טבע כלל ולא יצא דבר חוץ ממנהגו - הנה היא סותרת הדת מעיקרה, ומכזבת לכל אות בהכרח, ומבטלת כל מה שתיחל בו התורה או תפחיד ממנו - האלוהים, אלא יפורשו האותות גם כן, כמו שעשו בעלי התוך מן הישמעאלים ויצאו בזה למין מן ההזיה. אמנם אם יאמן הקדמות לפי הדעת השני אשר בארנונו - והוא דעת אפלטון - והוא, שהשמים גם כן הוים נפסדים - הדעת ההוא לא יסתור יסודי התורה ולא תמשך אחריו הכזבת האותות, אבל העברתם, ואפשר שיפורשו הכתובים על פיו, וימצאו לו דמיונות רבות בכתובתי ה'תורה' וזולתם, שאפשר להתלות בהם, וגם יהיו לראיה. אבל אין ההכרח מביא אותנו לזה, אלא אם התבאר הדעת ההוא במופת; אמנם כל עת שלא יתבאר במופת, לא זה הדעת ניטה אליו, ולא הדעת ההוא גם כן נביט אליו כלל, אבל נבין הכתובים כפשוטיהם, ונאמר, כי התורה הגידתנו ענין, לא יגיע כוחנו להשגתו, והאות מעיד על אמיתת טענותינו: WE do not reject the Eternity of the Universe, because certain passages in Scripture confirm the Creation; for such passages are not more numerous than those in which God is represented as a corporeal being; nor is it impossible or difficult to find for them a suitable interpretation. We might have explained them in the same manner as we did in respect to the Incorporeality of God. We should perhaps have had an easier task in showing that the Scriptural passages referred to are in harmony with the theory of the Eternity of the Universe if we accepted the latter, than we had in explaining the anthropomorphisms in the Bible when we rejected the idea that God is corporeal. For two reasons, however, we have not done so, and have not accepted the Eternity of the Universe. First, the Incorporeality of God has been demonstrated by proof: those passages in the Bible, which in their literal sense contain statements that can be refuted by proof, must and can be interpreted otherwise. But the Eternity of the Universe has not been proved; a mere argument in favour of a certain theory is not sufficient reason for rejecting the literal meaning of a Biblical text, and explaining it figuratively, when the opposite theory can be supported by an equally good argument. Secondly, our belief in the Incorporeality of God is not contrary to any of the fundamental principles of our religion: it is not contrary to the words of any prophet. Only ignorant people believe that it is contrary to the teaching of Scripture: but we have shown that this is not the case: on the contrary, Scripture teaches the Incorporeality of God. If we were to accept the Eternity of the Universe as taught by Aristotle, that everything in the Universe is the result of fixed laws, that Nature does not change, and that there is nothing supernatural, we should necessarily be in opposition to the foundation of our religion, we should disbelieve all miracles and signs, and certainly reject all hopes and fears derived from Scripture, unless the miracles are also explained figuratively. The Allegorists amongst the Mohammedans have done this, and have thereby arrived at absurd conclusions. If, however, we accepted the Eternity of the Universe in accordance with the second of the theories which we have expounded above (ch. xxiii.), and assumed, with Plato, that the heavens are like wise transient, we should not be in opposition to the fundamental principles of our religion: this theory would not imply the rejection of miracles, but, on the contrary, would admit them as possible. The Scriptural text might have been explained accordingly, and many expressions might have been found in the Bible and in other writings that would confirm and support this theory. But there is no necessity for this expedient, so long as the theory has not been proved. As there is no proof sufficient to convince us, this theory need not be taken into consideration, nor the other one: we take the text of the Bible literally, and say that it teaches us a truth which we cannot prove: and the miracles are evidence for the correctness of our view. share|improve this answer A few notes. Dr. Schroeder's work, while popularized, has way too many flaws for me to consider it as part of an answer, and it doesn't address the problem of human civilization continuing straight through the flood. The rest of your answer is very similar to Ariel K's answer, but that would require putting whole swaths of Bereishis and Noach in the realm of allegory well beyond any precedent set by Rav Saadiah Gaon or the Rambam. I may be willing to consider that possibility, but see my question here judaism.stackexchange.com/q/30158/1947 for that issue more in depth. –  A L Jul 26 '13 at 18:46 I'd also be interested in knowing your take after considering this relevant blog post: machzikeihadas.blogspot.com/2009/04/… –  A L Jul 26 '13 at 18:51 I think that what you are saying is that it is impossible to read the first 2+ chapters of breishit as literal if you also wish to consider science to be factually describing history. I agree with you. Rambam IS saying that you can read the first 3 chapter of breishit as allegorical. He says it explicitly, he only feels that Aristotle failed to make a convicing case. If modern astrophysicists did make a convincing case then Rambam would have read breishit as allegorical. –  Eytan Yammer Jul 26 '13 at 19:00 We will probably have to be moved to a discussion and not questions and answers but I will respond in part here: I think that machzikei daat rejects assertions by saying that the tone of Rambam or Saadiah Gaon are hyperbolic or exagerating. It is an fine opinion.In the end there are 3 options: except that there are sections of the torah which are allegorical, accept that science is wrong, attempt to make the 2 match. In this case option 3 is impossible and 2 is unpalletable in my mind one is the best answer and fits nicely with legitimate understandings of early texts –  Eytan Yammer Jul 26 '13 at 19:13 Just taking this approach where you have to drastically reinterpret descriptions of events to match reality, a problem is that then what does it teach on the pshat level? A lie if anything. Who would make the case that the first 11 chapters are meant to be devoid of any pshat meaning if not absolutely forced to? –  A L Aug 30 '13 at 4:04 show 7 more comments R' Aryeh Kaplan z'l teaches as follows: R' Nehunia ben Hakana brings in Sefer Temuna that there are larger shmita cycles of 7000 years each, of which we are now in the 6th, putting the age of the earth at 42,000 years old. Midrash states that a "Divine day" is like 1000 years. Therefore a "Divine year" is 365,250 years. R' Yitzchak of Acco - who investigated and authenticated the Zohar Hakadosh - held that the shmita cycles of Sefer Temuna were "Divine years", arriving at a figure of 15,340,500,000 years as the age of the universe. While actually a little longer than current scientific theories, this figure - reached about 800 years ago - is remarkably close. Given this, we can extrapolate that Adam Harishon was distinct in some way from whatever beings preceded him. As for the flood, are you assuming that our current geological knowledge is flawless? Maybe we just don't know what to look for as an aftereffect of a miraculous event. share|improve this answer Is one of those aftereffects the tossing of certain species from the ark to Australia and nowhere else, and the tossing of other species to Canada and nowhere else? Did God just forget to tell us that part of the story? –  Double AA Sep 17 '13 at 5:20 Can you clarify: does he think the earth is 15 billion years old or the universe is? If the latter, what exactly was going on in the first four shemittos when there was no earth? –  Double AA Sep 17 '13 at 5:22 According to this theory, what happened to all the pseudo-humans who lived before Adam? Did the disappear when Adam was created? Did they last until the Flood? –  Double AA Sep 17 '13 at 5:29 I seriously doubt God held of Shmuel's Tekufa in calculating His years. He would have used something more precise. –  Double AA Sep 17 '13 at 5:34 @yoel Please don't treat "science" as some massive piece of tradition with every tentative consensus being in the same playing field with the most firmly demonstrated laws. Archeologists not finding remains in a large desert confirming one event is very different from geologists, geneticists, and archeologists demonstrating that what we find is entirely inconsistent with the flood story. I'm confused why you think that miracles involved would suddenly make it as if the physical events associated with it appear to have never happened at all. –  A L Sep 17 '13 at 18:35 show 18 more comments First of all, carbon-dating isn't all that accurate. There are a number of considerations which can affect the apparent age of a substance. For example, if temperatures 4000 years ago were warmer than we think, things might seem older than they really are. Furthermore, the massive amount of boiling water moving around in the flood could have caused major to changes to everything buried in the ground, again affecting the carbon ratio. When archaeologists calculate try to determine how old a civilization is, they often make extensive use of records kept by those civilizations. However, there is no guarantee of their accuracy. If a king wanted everyone to think he ruled for 100 years, he could have the scribes write that, and future generations would never find out that he only ruled for 5 years. In general, historians, archaeologists, and scientists have only limited data about what happened thousands of years ago. So they make plausible guesses to connect the pieces of evidence that they find. There's very little certainty, so they settle for "highly likely". While this often leads them to reach correct facts, occasionally they end up with statements that contradict the Torah. They could easily revise their theories to fit with the Torah (their evidence would still work), but few of them believe that the Torah is completely true, so they don't bother. share|improve this answer The question doesn't discuss stars. Why do you? Isn't this not an answer because it's claiming a giant conspiracy of ancient record keepers? How do you deal with his question from the pyramids? Your claims about carbon dating do not answer it. This answer seems more like handwaving than a detailed argument. –  Double AA 4 hours ago It's not a giant conspiracy of record keepers, it's simply that accuracy may have been prized less back then. Real scientific, precise history with rigorous research is relatively recent. The linked article provides a lot of information about carbon-dating accuracy problems; I can try to find more free online scientific sources if you'd like. –  Ypnypn 3 hours ago add comment some things are not reconcilable at the present time and with our present knowledge. I think this is one of them. Main thing is to decide whether the torah is of divine origin. One who studies the torah in-depth will see that its depth and wisdom is infinite. Beyond the ability of a man's finite mind to invent. One can see the same marks of infinite wisdom in studying nature, hence he can deduce that the One who created the Universe is also the One who wrote the torah. Then you won't be bothered by the need to reconcile everything with the torah. It doesn't answer the question the way you wanted, but I think it's the best we can do until things will be clearer in the future be'H share|improve this answer add comment according to the bible, god told adam not to eat from the tree of life, which seems to have happened on adam's first day, it would be hard to say that god instructed, and then punished a baby. hence you must conclude that according to the bible, adam was created a full-grown man, if so we can say god created a full-grown world, one with a history to humanity, with fossils, and evolution and what-not, perhaps we will discover causes for deaths of pre-bible humans, however the world was still created 5774 years ago. this is my own theory, i have not seen this written anywhere, or heard this from anyone. but it seems perfectly logical to me. share|improve this answer This mainly addresses the "age of the universe" problem which really isn't my focus, and it doesn't address the problems as they relate to the flood. –  A L Sep 17 '13 at 5:11 The question is about the flood, not Adam. Unfortunately, it avoids the two answers frequently said by the Rebbe, that 1. The flood could have changed the speed of nuclear decay and 2. Hashem created the world old. –  Shmuel Brin Sep 17 '13 at 5:12 @AL yes it does, but it also addresses the history of the universe, including human civilization. –  tryingToGetProgrammingStraight Sep 17 '13 at 5:12 @ShmuelBrin the rebbes answers are nice, however they dont mean there cant be another way of explaining things. –  tryingToGetProgrammingStraight Sep 17 '13 at 5:15 Last Thursdayism is the idea that the whole world are build last Thursday, just that it comes with history. The idea is so ridiculous but cannot be disproved. So saying that God created the world in 6 days 4k years ago with "history" will be as ridiculous as last Thursdayism. –  Jim Thio Sep 23 '13 at 3:01 show 12 more comments Maybe this explanation can add to a result. The word "eretz" means "land" as well as "earth". And this is wrong. It doesn't actually mean both as in "those two", it means both as in "they are the same". Our ancestors 4000 years ago did not know that the earth was round or how big it was. For them it was just the thing they stood on that wasn't water. What the Torah says is ultimately true. It's not a lie to make people understand, it's the plain truth. It's also old and was written in an ancestor of Hebrew and included (true) stories told in mesopotamic languages including East-Semitic and Sumerian. When the Torah tells us that the entire eretz was flooded that was literally true, for a value of "eretz" that equals "all the land between the mountains and the see", namely the region that people then actually did call "eretz". Mesopotamia used to flood quite often. It would be surprising to learn that Noah of all people had not lived through one of those. So yes, it was indeed a regional flood, but no, Torah did not tell us a lie. All the land was flooded because land outside Mesopotamia was never included in "all the land". As for other events told in the Torah, recall that those two happened a long time ago. Who knows what those words meant back then, particularly units. A "mile" is not the same distance in England and Germany, why would a "shana" be the same unit of time? Assuming that the story of Adam and Eve is literally true, who can tell whether it is literally true in the naive way that we read into it now thousands of years after it was first recorded in, presumably, Sumerian and then ultimately by Moses in Hebrew as spoken and understood by people 3000 years ago. It's possible that the story was quite clear to people at the time and as they understood it did not at all contradict anything we found out about the world or will ever find out. It's just that we are too far removed from the society that first heard the story. "X ran for President" can be literally true yet mean something else to us than to someone who knows what the word "run" means but not what an election is. I find it inconceivable that the Tanakh wouldn't be full of linguistic problems like that. Just think of the "an eye for an eye" debacle of how plain easy sentences can be misunderstood by applying the wrong template to reading them. share|improve this answer 1. You're making assertions about what the Torah meant without supporting them. 2. Units of distance are arbitrary; the length of the year is universally obvious and consistent. 3. Why would you assume Sumerians myths are true? The first men lived hundreds of thousands of years before Sumer existed. 4. It's much easier to understand old language than language of the future, for the former has been known and the latter is an unknown construct. The Torah wasn't written for people 3,000 years ago, it was written for all generations. 5. Maybe this isn't the most appropriate day for an answer. –  A L Jul 16 '13 at 18:32 Actually, I said that I didn't know what the Torah meant. I am not making assertions what the Torah meant. The length of the year is consistent, but there is no reason to assume that it would be the common way to give an age in all cultures. Some use months. I assume Sumerian myths are true because I find them in the Torah. It's not "much easier to understand old language" and the "future" has nothing to do with it. And the Torah remains written in ancient Hebrew, even if it is meant for all generations. –  Andrew J. Brehm Jul 16 '13 at 20:57 What I mean is you're trying to presume what the Torah means about what "land" refers to. Even if it refers to what ancient Israelites thought of as "all the land" the initial problems of civilizations surviving there persist. And, for example, you seem to be saying that any myth common to Sumerians and the Torah is based on a true story, I certainly appreciate the answer, but I need something concrete before I can accept it. –  A L Jul 17 '13 at 6:06 I am deducing what the Torah means about land based on my knowledge that the ancient Hebrews did not know (or even care) that the earth was a round planet. Their concept of "land" was different from ours and did not differentiate between "land" and "earth". When the true nature of the planet became known there were two ways to read the word, and I am sure that reading it as "planet earth" is wrong since the other reading does not contradict scientific evidence. –  Andrew J. Brehm Jul 17 '13 at 8:25 Either way it contradicts scientific evidence; your view simply contradicts it in a smaller region, but it also contradicts pretty much all the commentaries. Unless you're talking about the outskirts of the black sea being flooded thousands of years earlier or a worse-than-average annual river flooding in Sumer or Mesopotamia, neither of which seems to fit the verse. –  A L Jul 17 '13 at 18:24 show 6 more comments You seem to pose several questions at the end which I will attempt to answer first To rephrase your question as I see it: Why are most institutions not teaching a non-literal reading of the bible? Answer: Creation is taught as fable to make it easier to understand for children. This is true of many midrashim as well. The fact that many (most?) people don't revisit their understand in adulthood may be more an indictment of how the Jewish education encourages and prepares students to be intellectually curious than a problem with how specific subject material is taught. Regarding your overall question: I have heard from Rav Moshe Stav, and educator at Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh that the story of creation and the flood is described in the gemarah as K'vod Elokim haster davar (Proverbs 25:2) - meaning, as he put it, that the events as recorded should not be taken at their simple face value reading. Moreover Rav Kook (Igrot HaRaayah no. 134) makes a very astute comment regarding matters in the torah which seem to be contravened by scientific discovery (his context was dealing with the theory of evolution) Concerning opinions which are derived from recent scientific investigations which on the whole contradict the straight forward meaning (pshat) of the words of the Torah: “In my opinion … even though these theories are not necessarily true, we are not at all obligated to deny them and stand against them. This is because it is not at all (stress mine-HH) the point of the Torah to inform us of simple facts and occurrences of the past. The main point (‘ikar) is the inner content (tokh). … For us it is of no consequence whether in fact there ever existed in this world a golden age (i.e. the Garden of Eden – HH) in which mankind lived in spiritual and physical bliss or [not]… and thus when we have no vested interest we can judge [these new theories ] fairly.” The particular understanding of creation which I support is that of Rabbi Matis Weinberg, who did not cite earlier sources. Essentially, he contends that Adam was the first homo sapien imbued with divine spirit. Meaning that from a technical perspective Adam had a mother and father, and that there were plenty of other people around when he was born (yes he had a navel). Maaseh Bereshis is then describing theological ideas couched in metaphor. To editorialize a bit, even as a child I was taught that the purpose of the Torah is teach proper theological belief and action, not to serve as a historical document. Perhaps not enough people take that statement to heart early on in their education. share|improve this answer Rashi's point that the Torah's purpose isn't to relate history is predicated on the problem that the Torah is relating historical information. If you "take to heart" that the Torah isn't historical then you have missed his point. –  Yirmeyahu Aug 30 '13 at 15:21 @Yirmeyahu I am not stating that there is not historically accurate information found in the torah, rather the the purpose of the document is other than to convey 100% historically accurate information at all times. –  please remove my account Aug 30 '13 at 15:30 Thank you for addressing the question of education. But it's not just about children, it's basically universally expressed as being history, not fable, to anyone other than those who make the effort to investigate the issue. Secondly, can you quote where the gemara says that Parshas Noach isn't history? Everything I've seen in the gemara tries to explain the details as very real. –  A L Aug 30 '13 at 18:51 @ShmuelBrin the question is does it really matter? Iyov is part of tanach even though there is an opinion that the actual historical events never took place. –  please remove my account Sep 3 '13 at 13:21 this seems to be the opinion of Rav Kook as well. I will edit my answer to reflect this. morethodoxy.org/2013/09/16/… –  please remove my account Sep 16 '13 at 16:19 show 19 more comments One way to reconciling Biblical history with archaeological and historical evidence which seems to disprove it is to simply throw the Bible out as a text created by man, not by God. Though this is not a useful answer for everyone, Judaism has an important religious principle, developed by many important philosophers and scholars, such as Ibn Ezra, Maimonides, and Spinoza, that the Torah speaks in the language of man (dibra tora ki'lshon bnei adam). There is a long tradition of the concept of accommodation, that is to say that the Torah was written in such a way as that those who received it would understand it. Maimonides writes about the reasoning for sacrifices in this manner, that they existed because that is what the ancient Israelites expected to have from a religion. Spinoza has a different take on this, that the Torah is written in the language of "children" (in this he looks down upon the Biblical text and wants to say that for people living in the modern age it is no longer necessary or applicable). [NB: For a much more in-depth discussion of the notion of accommodation and how it came to be used in both Judaism and Christianity, see Amos Funkenstein, Theology and the Scientific Imagination.] However one wants to take the notion of accommodation, it is very applicable to the Bible and can be useful to understand how it came into being and to reconcile the Biblical histories with the evidence. For example, one can talk about the flood story as a story that transcends cultures. It most likely did not happen in the exact manner that the Bible tells us, but in the ancient near east, flooding rivers were a yearly occurrence. In fact, a year without a flood was a worse disaster than if there was a massive one. My point is, the story of the flood can be seen as coming out of the ancient Israelites' cultural context in the ancient near east and Abraham's origins in Mesopotamia, which the Bible attests. As for other historical elements such as the Exodus (for which there is no archaeological evidence) or the counting of years anno mundi (from the origin of the world) it is much more difficult. Ultimately one needs to decide if it is necessary to completely correlate Biblical history with secular history. If the whole thing is an allegory or metaphor, it may still have valuable moral or cultural importance. share|improve this answer This explanation is that of Reform Judaism and not exactly what I was hoping for. To say the Torah relates lies just so people "get it" is a stretch. Do you suppose that when the Torah says that God rejected Cain's sacrifice but accepted Hevel's sacrifice that this story was written just so the Jews would be happy? But sacrifices are to return in the Third Temple even though the notion of animal sacrifice is looked upon as barbaric. And many commandments clearly contradict what was normal for people of the time. Even the Pesach lamb sacrifice went against the Egyptian culture they came from. –  A L May 4 '13 at 0:40 @AL It's not such a stretch. Did you want it to say "In the beginning, 13.7 billion years ago, the scalar inflation field expanded by 47 orders of magnitude, then began cooling adiabatically into a quark-gluon plasma"? How would the desert Jews have interpreted that? –  Double AA May 5 '13 at 1:16 @DoubleAA That sentence is unnecessarily complicated. You can also say "In the beginning many many years ago there was a big fire which sent ashes everywhere and those ashes rained down and became the world." The desert Jews could understand that, and it's not inaccurate (it's just not complete). But Hashem did not say that. –  Ariel May 5 '13 at 2:19 @Ariel Once we're not aiming at precision, I'll leave it up to the Big Guy to decide what's the best simplification for us. Remember that knowing exactly how matter made shift X or developed attribute Y historically is not really useful for humans today except perhaps in its allegorical meaning. (And yes, that last sentence is true even if you take the beginning of Genesis very literally.) –  Double AA May 5 '13 at 2:22 @DoubleAA What I said was a stretch is that God might command us to sacrifice animals just because we were used to doing that, or, for example, there was no global flood and that the Torah would say things that contradict reality just to make it more understandable. Meaning, if you were to suggest that Noah's flood never was global but rather a regional flood and the Torah only was worded thus to make it understandable, it is a stretch to think that nobody would understand it if the Torah would say "There was a local flood that desolated the surrounding region due to the sins of the people." –  A L May 5 '13 at 3:43 show 13 more comments Your Answer

http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/28441/how-are-pre-creation-4000-bce-human-civilization-and-pre-flood-2300-bce-civili

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Monkey See 1:00 am Thu May 30, 2013 As Trailers Eat Up Movie Time, Theaters And Studios Squabble Over Shortening Them Originally published on Fri May 31, 2013 12:18 am Here's a question: If you go to the movies and the scheduled showtime is, say, 7:30, when do you actually expect the movie to start? If you said 7:30, you go to very unusual screenings. If you said 7:45, you're closer to what many experience. If you said 7:50, you're still in range: There's often some advertising other than trailers, the limit for trailer length is 2 1/2 minutes, and theaters sometimes run seven or eight trailers. Eight would add up to 20 minutes. Theater owners are antsy about the long delays and the complaints they get from patrons, and they're asking for a change, writer Pamela McClintock tells NPR's Renee Montagne on Thursday's Morning Edition. McClintock recently wrote a piece in The Hollywood Reporter about the disagreement, in which theater owners have asked movie studios to shorten the length of trailers from 2 1/2 minutes down to two. The reason? In their current form, theater owners argue, they both take up too much time and give away too much plot. McClintock says the dispute could end in a couple of ways. The guidelines are voluntary anyway (and imposed by the Motion Picture Association of America, not theater owners), but certainly, the studios could choose to go along with the change, or with some change. But studios are nervous that if there's no agreement, theater owners might just start refusing to play trailers at all unless they comply with the two-minute guideline. And even with the power of YouTube and other online outlets where trailers are seen, putting a trailer in a theater is still considered an enormously important part of marketing a film. This entire area tends to be one of delicate negotiation, since theaters, after all, have their own reasons for wanting to help market films — especially in ways that make them look like great theater experiences. At the same time, going to the movies is expensive, and blockbusters seem to be getting longer all the time (even Star Trek into Darkness is well over two hours long, and The Avengers was almost 2 1/2). Theater owners understandably want to make the experience more pleasant, and if that means fewer trailers, they just might be willing. Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit Movie trailers can be a lot of fun and they can also seem to go on forever. This summer's expected blockbuster "Man of Steel" has a trailer that is three minutes long. KEVIN COSTNER: (as Jonathan Kent) You're the answer, son. You're the answer to are we alone in the universe. DYLAN SPRAYBERRY: (as Clark Kent at 13) Can I just keep pretending on your son? COSTNER: (as Jonathan Kent) You are my son. And I have to believe that you were sent here for a reason. Renee, I think I'm ready for that to be over already. MONTAGNE: Two minutes and 45 seconds to go though, David. And multiply that trailer by the seven or eight trailers commonly shown before a movie and we're talking 20-something minutes of just trailers. Now the Hollywood Reporter is reporting that the National Association of Theatre Owners is pushing back against movie studios. It wants trailers to be shorter, limited to just two minutes each max. Hollywood Reporter's Pamela McClintock wrote that story. PAMELA MCCLINTOCK: Basically, the theater owners are saying these are our theaters and we want more control over how movies are marketed. And I think they don't like it that trailers eat up - like you said - up to 20 minutes of time before the movie starts showing. MONTAGNE: How did trailers get so long? MCCLINTOCK: I think they've always been this long. However, because now there's more and more trailers before movie, it seems longer. And currently, the trailer guideline is set up by the Motion Picture Association of America, not by the theater owners. Their rule is please don't make it longer than 2.5 minutes and we'll give you one exception a year. So in the case of "Man of Steel," Warner Brothers has one theatrical trailer that's three minutes. MONTAGNE: And they play the trailers, even if they think they're too long, because? MCCLINTOCK: I mean, studios actually have to pay for a lot of the trailers, so but they're still... MONTAGNE: It's sort of like the trailers are ads. MCCLINTOCK: Right. Exactly. But they're still saying, in this case, look, we feel like there's a problem and what can we do to solve it? MONTAGNE: Well, what can they do? I mean I understand that these are voluntary guidelines... MONTAGNE: ...that everybody's been going along with for a long time. And are the studios saying, you know, forget it, we need those two and a half minutes? MCCLINTOCK: Yeah. I mean these are proposed rules, and last week people from the National Association of Theatre Owners briefed each of the studios. And I'm being told that, you know, several studios are saying flat out, we want except this and others are also opposing it. But the problem comes if what if the theater owner does say look, we won't play your trailer if it's more than two minutes. Even if the rules are voluntary they could feasibly say that and that's what's upsetting studios. MONTAGNE: So movie theaters are rebelling and the studios don't like it but in a way they need the theaters, obviously, to get the trailers out there. Do you think this could lead to a change in what we theater goers see when we, you know, sit ourselves down, looking forward to maybe a few trailers and then the movie? MCCLINTOCK: You know, I think it's possible. I mean it's going to be interesting to see how it plays out and, you know, ultimately happens. But again, you know, I do know that studios are willing to change the way they market movies and the length of a trailer time, but it is going to be an interesting discussion. And, you know, even with the Internet, seeing the trailer inside of the theater is still considered probably the best way to reach a moviegoer outside of television advertising. MONTAGNE: Pamela McClintock, is a senior film writer at The Hollywood Reporter. Thanks for joining us. MCCLINTOCK: Thank you so much. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. Related program:

http://kenw.org/post/trailers-eat-movie-time-theaters-and-studios-squabble-over-shortening-them

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Monster Hunter Tri Preview: Army of FourS Monster Hunter is all about the multiplayer, which is why I think it never really took off on PSP in the US the way that it did in Japan – American PSP owners are just too selfish for the buddy system. Monster Hunter Tri, however, is going for a different audience with its exclusive Wii release. By streamlining the Wii friend code process and adding features other multiplayer games rely on – such as a chat window – Tri is trying to jump start the online ecosystem that's already built into the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. But how does that impact that actual monster hunting? What Is It? Monster Hunter Tri is a multiplayer adventure game where up to four players can team up to hunt down monsters. The game skips over friend codes, instead using a lobby system where you can easily find other players and send friend requests. Additionally, there's a chat window in-game that can be accessed with a USB keyboard if you don't feel like pointing and clicking. Currently, Wii Speak is not in the game – but Capcom is "looking into it." There's also a singleplayer mode built into the game, but details on it are scarce. What We Saw I played three missions during the University event using both the Wii Remote/Nunchuck configuration and the Classic Controller Pro because they had one handy. Note: It's unconfirmed if the Classic Controller Pro will be brought to the US along with Monster Hunter Tri. How Far Along Is It? The game is due out in Spring 2010. I didn't notice any major show-stopping bugs – but I was sad to see that the Wii was hooked up to computer monitors which have a nasty reputation of making even very good Wii graphics look fugly. So I can't speak to the graphics which are apparently supposed to be pretty. What Needs Improvement? There's No Lock On: Normally, this doesn't matter in Monster Hunter because you pan the camera toward a monster, press attack and bam! You've hit it. However, Tri introduces underwater combat where the monsters can change depth quickly during a fight. Panning the camera a la ground combat under water takes a little extra work and can be totally disorienting. So, yeah, a lock-on would be preferable. At Tiddy Bit Fiddly: On the Classic Controller Pro, I had a lot of problems getting the Bowgun to aim right. Not only do you have to have the weapon out and cocked before you can attack – you also have to choose between shooting from the hip or going into sniper mode with a targeting reticule. Given that battles move very quickly and monsters can charge across a field right at you while you're reloading and re-cocking, it would be nice if the button controls for un-slinging, cocking and aiming your Bowgun were perhaps a little streamlined. Or if there were a Panicked Dodge button that would snap you out of sniper mode at the last second. Constant Loads: Every time you leave an area of a map – which you will, because the monsters move around – you've got to endure a loading screen. It gets tedious. What Should Stay The Same? Wow, It's Multiplayer! I'm not used to more than two people in my multiplayer on the Wii, so I was excited to see four people in the same place, attacking the same thing with no lag – on the Wii! If Monster Hunter Tri can work things out such that people actually buy this game and play it, it's going to be a lot of fun team up with people and make new friends among strangers the way I would on other consoles. Swimming Is Fun: Once you get the hang of the quick-swim button and the dive button, moving around underwater feels pretty pleasant. I kind of wonder how the lancer doesn't drown under the weight of her weapon, though… Final Thoughts Two things will probably make or break this game: Wii Speak and pay-to-play subscriptions. In Japan, they don't have the former, but they do have the latter – and a long history of loving Monster Hunter. Here, we're sad because there are only like two games that use Wii Speak and I really don't think we'd stand for a subscription Wii game no matter how awesome it might be. Also, we're not as fond of or familiar with Monster Hunter – but with any luck and a little attention to these two make-or-breaks, Capcom could be changing that.

http://kotaku.com/5408573/monster-hunter-tri-preview-army-of-four?tag=monsterhuntertri

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Is it Okay to Download a Pirated Copy of a Game You've Already Purchased?S Commenter President-Magikarp has already purchased a copy of Street Fighter X Tekken on Steam, so he feels no qualms about downloading a pirated pre-release version of the game. How's that sit with you? Okay, I have a question to ask. One that people are going to be very polarized on. Is it wrong to download a cracked copy of a game you've already legally purchased? I ask because I've been playing Street Fighter X Tekken on my PC for the last few days, one which I've already bought a pre-order for on Steam, as shown in the image. By all means, I already own this game and a license to download the files. Granted, not until tomorrow, but I've still supported the developer and publisher by giving them my money. I even pre-ordered the game for two friends too. I've gotten messages from people I know saying that I'm "killing the PC gaming industry" and "adding to the number of reasons why Capcom doesn't want to port games to the PC." I do tell them that I've already purchased the game, and even show proof, but it does little to sway the rhetoric. The gameplay videos I've uploaded and forum posts I've made detailing possible bugs in the game are down rated. I'm still treated like the scum of the Earth because I wanted to get a few days' head start on learning a new game I've already proven I've bought. To me, it's no different than breaking the street date on a physical copy. Sometimes, store clerks slip up and give paying customers copies of games ahead of their release date. What I've done here is essentially no different. I downloaded the game's files and played it ahead of its scheduled release, but no matter how much I remind people I've spent money on the product several times over, they bash me because I downloaded it from a torrent instead of a Steam content server. It's still the game I paid for. Why does it matter?

http://kotaku.com/5909387/is-it-okay-to-download-a-pirated-copy-of-a-game-youve-already-purchased?tag=Morals

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The Amazing Spider-Man Made Me Nauseous. This Pleases Me.S As the Beenox representative controlling The Amazing Spider-Man during the game's E3 2012 presentation launched Peter Parker off the top of a tall building in virtual New York City, my stomach heaved sympathetically. The piece of pizza I had consumed during a previous meeting (thanks, Sony Online Entertainment!) threatened to make an encore appearance all over the floor of Activision's fancy E3 press booth as Spider-Man plummeted towards the street, towards those unsuspecting pedestrians unaware of the red and blue streak rapidly descending upon them. If I were Spider-Man, I wouldn't be able to wear a mask that covered my mouth. If I were Spider-Man in Beenox's latest video game, the Daily Bugle wouldn't need to run a smear campaign; the city of New York would come to fear the sounds of retching from on high. Attempting to deliver a more personal Spider-Man experience than ever before delivered in video game form, Beenox has parted ways with the traditional pulled-back 3rd person camera in favor of an over-the-shoulder view that demonstrates just how incredibly insane Peter Parker really is. No one in his right mind would purposefully throw himself off of a building like that. The heaving of my guts continued as Spider-Man swung through the streets, battling robots created by Dr. Spencer Alistair Smythe (curse you, continuity!) to battle the rash of animal hybrids — Rhino, Scorpion, etc, — plaguing the city in the story that follows the events of the blockbuster film. Peter Parker just so happens to be one of these animal hybrids, so he gets to kick robots acrobatically while somehow managing to keep himself from face-planting into the side of a skyscraper. If I were bitten by a radioactive spider... well, I'd probably get very sick and possibly die. If necrosis didn't claim me and I somehow developed super-powers, I would be the amazingly buff walking really fast guy that kept himself out of trouble. But not Peter Parker. He creates a chemical compound that allows him to swing through the streets of New York, magically avoiding heaving all over the city that never sleeps. I can barely make a baking soda volcano. The rest of the demo involved zipping about the city via the nifty web-slinging mechanic that allows Spidey to map out a series of points and traverse them with his signature dizzying acrobatic flair, and a look at his fighting techniques, which were as flashy as one would expect. We even got a brief glimpse of a battle with Rhino in an enclosed lot, video game developers' preferred spot for said battle. The fighting and the flipping, while lovely, are not what I look for in a Spider-Man game. It's the swinging, and The Amazing Spider-Man puts you in Peter Parker's sneakers (bah) more immediately than any game before it. I might throw up, but it'll be a happy sort of throwing up. The Amazing Spider-Man hits stores on June 26. I'd suggest eating colorful foods before playing. It'll be festive.

http://kotaku.com/5917310/the-amazing-spider-man-made-me-nauseous-this-pleases-me?tag=spiderman

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The Xbox 360 Won't Be Banned By a Silly Court Case While it seemed unlikely, there was always the chance, however remote, that a battle of patents between Microsoft and Motorola could have seen the Xbox 360 taken off store shelves. A US judge, however, has ruled that this won't be happening. The two companies have been fighting for years, with Motorola saying the Xbox 360 infringes upon five patents it holds, mostly related to video codecs. Saying that the technology was " critical to industry standards", and that Microsoft had agreed to pay for their use (the battle was over how much Microsoft should be paying), Judge James Robart said any financial dispute could be settled at the end of the pair's case, with no Xbox 360 ban necessary. So, nothing more to see here. Move along. Motorola fails to win Xbox ban in US and Germany [BBC]

http://kotaku.com/5965693/the-xbox-360-wont-be-banned-by-a-silly-court-case?tag=Xbox-360

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Nintendo Fan Is Happy With Nintendo’s $620 Answer to His $570 Wii U Problem On Friday, we brought you the story of Jon, a Nintendo fan who spent $400 downloading old games to his Wii, but, through a mistake of his own and due to Nintendo's unusually strict digital-downloads policy, found himself with access to none of those games. The lesson: a Nintendo machine isn't like an iPhone; your content is locked to the username that is locked to your console (though it seems Nintendo customer service can get around this). After that story ran, I heard from another Nintendo fan. This one is named Ryan, and he had a very different experience. He'd downloaded $570 worth of games to his Wii. He ran into trouble transferring them to his Wii U. Unlike Jon, he didn't run afoul of Nintendo's strict policies—he didn't trade a broken Wii U in for a new one and lose his licenses to his games in the process. Instead, he called Nintendo customer service when his Wii U wouldn't play nice with his Wii. He asked customer service to help him with the transfer. Several frustrating weeks passed. But, as chronicled on his blog, Nintendo finally came through: Basically, Nintendo remotely deleted the licences for my Virtual Console and WiiWare purchases remotely from my Wii system, and credited my Wii shop on the Wii U with 57000 points ($570, the value of my Wii Virtual Console/Wiiware library). Then they gave me a bonus $50 to my Wii U account for "the inconvenience." So we still have a Nintendo that can keep a record of the games you downloaded and registered but might not give you access to them again if you don't follow their recommended steps. But we also have a Nintendo that had mercy on Ryan and even threw in some extra for his troubles. Jon's Nintendo and Ryan's Nintendo... same company. Nintendo Customer Service Rules [Nintendo Fun Club Podcast site]

http://kotaku.com/5983360/nintendo-fan-is-happy-with-nintendos-620-answer-to-his-570-wii-u-problem?tag=top

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AC IV's Controversial, Online Singleplayer Features Make Game EasierS The fun, rich single-player campaign of Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag is more enjoyable and less tedious if you play the game with an active online connection. Without a connection, multiple valuable features are not available. Curiously, the game's publisher Ubisoft seems to be walling its online features off unless users activate an online pass, dubbed a Uplay Passport. The Passport is free to new purchasers of ACIV but will cost $10 for anyone who gets the game used or borrows it from a friend. While Ubisoft has yet to comment or clarify the extent to which it is gating some features with its Passport, we think we've been able to figure most of it out. And while reports yesterday focused on the Passport being needed for ACIV's optional Fleet mini-game, it goes further than that. We believe that the game's other useful singleplayer online features may be gated by the Passport as well. (We're actually appealing to those of you who have the game to help us confirm.) The Passport is activated by inputting a code printed on a flyer that is included with boxed copies of the game. Presumably, digital copies of the game will activate the Passport on their own. Text on the flyer indicates that, among other things, it provides "access to the full single-player experience." The Fleet game is an expansion of some of the assassin training mini-games offered in recent installments in the series, though those didn't require an online connection. In ACIV, players send ships, rather than assassins, throughout the Atlantic Ocean to battle other ships and hopefully make successful trades. The Fleet game can be played within ACIV or separately on the game's tablet-oriented companion app. It's more or less a board game with real-time elements. Players start with just a few ships but can add more by capturing them in the main part of ACIV. The ships have stats for speed, firepower and cargo storage. The Atlantic is drawn with possible trade routes. The point of the game is to build a fleet, send tough ships into dangerous shipping lanes to destroy enemy ships and then to send fast ones through the shipping lanes to make money. It's a game of stats, commodities, and time-management. Ships can be scuttled for gems. Gems can be spent to buy more docks. Missions must cool down before they can be tried again. And, supposedly, your progress speeds up if more of your friends are also playing. It has some of the hallmarks of a social game, but with more real strategy and no microtransactions. Here it is, briefly, in action: Playing the Fleet game well earns the player some much-needed money. In a game—that is the whole of ACIV—where normal treasure chests only contain a few dozen or a few hundred coins and really good cannons for the ship you sail can cost tens of thousands, it's useful to have some ships out on money-making errands. But since these ships can take hours or even days to sail back, Fleet isn't actually a huge in-game money-maker. Why require online for this? It's possible that Ubisoft is checking your friends' progress to network your fleets in some way. It's hard to say. I played the game the weekend on a retail PS3 prior to its official release and, as far as I could tell, didn't have any friends who were also playing it. In fact, I didn't realize the game was using an online connection to enable it. I'd inputted the Uplay Passport code already and was none the wiser. Here's how the game introduces you to the Fleet game and then stops you in your tracks if you didn't activate the Passport: The Fleet game is, in my opinion, skippable. If you don't get it, you miss a nice additional feature, but you're still getting a heaping amount of content in the game, probably 30-50 hours of missions and sidequests if you want to do everything (I finished the game in 28 hours with a 63% completion rate. But here's the catch: my colleague, Kirk "distant descendant of Blackbeard (not kidding)" Hamilton finished the game at nearly the same completion rate—65%—but in five hours' more time. Further, he didn't sail with as upgraded a ship as I did and didn't dump 10s of thousands of coins on upgrades to his pirate hideout. The reason is because Kirk was always strapped for in-game money and I was not. He had to run a lot of small assassination missions to get the money to upgrade his ship to survive key storyline missions. The reason Kirk was strapped for in-game cash and I wasn'tis because I took advantage of ACIV's other single-player online elements: its social goods that come in the form of Royal Convoys, white whales and social treasure chests. Yes, social treasure chests. See? Whereas the dozens (hundreds?) of regular in-game treasure chests that you can find while exploring ACIV's high seas and deep jungles contain dozens or hundreds of coins, social chests, I found, always include nearly 1,000. They spawn in all sorts of unexpected locations and, when they do, you get an alert that you've found one as well as a notification that the location of the chest will now appear in the copies of the game that your friends are playing. That's kind of neat, but, more importantly, valuable. What's better than a social chest? A Royal Convoy. While you can sail the game's Caribbean and find regular convoys of ships that you can plunder for about 1,000 coins, if you find a Royal Convoy, you can plunder for 10,000 coins. As with social treasure chests, you either have to find one of these convoys while playing online or you have to have one generated on your map, triggered by a friend discovering one while they're playing. You will not find these if you are playing offline. There are also white whale locations that let you hunt the game's version of Moby-Dick. That'll get you some valuable hide. Both the social convoys and social whales run on a timer. You don't have to attack the convoy or hunt the whale when you find them, but you'll see what, if memory serves, is a 24-hour or so counter ticking down until they disappear from the map. We haven't been able to confirm that the social chests/convoys/whales require a Uplay Passport. But, if being online at all with this game requires a Passport, then they do. No matter what, they do require an online connection. We've asked Ubisoft to clarify. In lieu of them doing so, we're hoping that some of you out there can say whether you've been able to access any of these online features without the Passport. If so, please mention it in the replies below or e-mail me. It had seemed that online passes were going out of style this year. It also seemed like the idea of playing ostensibly single-player games with an online connection was still an unproven concept. Happily, you can play the vast majority of ACIV without the online-connected features offered for the game's solo campaign. But even if they merit being tied to an online network, it's another thing to have Ubisoft seemingly tie those online features to an online pass. We're not sure why Ubisoft did that other than to penalize used-game consumers and the kind of pirates that this game isn't about. We'll update you as we find out more. Please return the favor, if you can.

http://kotaku.com/the-good-bad-of-assassins-creed-ivs-odd-online-singl-1454888410?webchats=on

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Sounds Like Destiny Probably Won't Be Coming To PCS I wrote a headline in May that read "Destiny Might Actually Come To PC". So today is a total downer. While there was initial hope that the 360/PS3/PS4/XB1 shooter would make the jump to the personal computer, a lot of that has been extinguished last week following comments from Bungie community manager Eric Osborne (as published by IGN). "We know there are a lot of people out there asking for PC and we know that there are a lot of gamers that would willingly give us money, but what we have to do is make sure we're focused enough to bring a good experience to any platform that we ship on. What we 100 percent are not going to do is spread ourselves so thin that it negatively harms the other platforms. So right now we have the four platforms, which is a lot to focus on." So...if it comes to PC at all, it'll come a lot later. Which isn't the worst news, it's just really bad news. Sigh. Destiny Devs Talk Space Travel, PC, And Microtransactions[IGN, via PC Gamer]

http://kotaku.com/theyre-also-the-ones-likely-to-bring-in-the-most-money-1459389009/+genericscreenname

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It's All Politics 10:38 am Thu January 24, 2013 5 Things To Know About The Congressional Budget Fight Sen. Dean Heller (left), R-Nev., and Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., speak Wednesday at the U.S. Capitol about legislation to delay a potential clash over the debt ceiling until May — and to freeze the paychecks of lawmakers if they don't pass a budget resolution. Credit Mark Wilson / Getty Images Originally published on Thu January 24, 2013 11:11 am As if the federal budget process isn't confusing enough, now we get the fog of partisan war created by the charges and countercharges flying between congressional Democrats and Republicans. Republicans accuse the Democrats who control the Senate of shirking their duty by not producing "a budget" in recent years; Democrats accuse Republicans of not telling the whole truth. What's going on? Here are five points to consider. 1) The Budget Control Act First, it is true that Senate Democrats haven't produced what's called a budget resolution in four years. But they claim they don't actually need to pass what is in reality a nonbinding budget blueprint — and that to have done so in the past two years in particular would have been redundant. That's because the Budget Control Act of 2011, enacted to solve that summer's debt-ceiling crisis, explicitly said its spending restrictions would take the place of Senate budget resolutions for fiscal years 2012 and 2013. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., made that point at a Wednesday news conference in which he asked journalists to stop repeating the Republican line: "Any comments, any conversation, any statements made by the Republicans about our not having a budget is false. It's untrue. We passed the Budget Control Act. We passed it with the help of Republicans. We didn't have to do a budget. You folks listen to that. Stop taking that bait." Former Sen. Kent Conrad, a North Dakota Democrat, made a similar point last year in a YouTube video. Conrad stressed that the 2011 law, as an actual statute, trumped any nonbinding resolution. 2) A Double-Edged Sword Still, there's a perfectly understandable reason why not every Senate Democrat has been champing at the bit to produce budget resolutions, and this is the second important point. They're often not worth the paper they're printed on — yet they can come back to haunt a lawmaker. Budget resolutions aren't laws. The president doesn't sign them. Instead, they set out congressional priorities for taxing and spending. While the Budget Control Act of 1974 instructed both chambers to pass the resolutions, there's no penalty for failure. Indeed, since 1999, several years have seen Congress fail to pass the resolutions. More important than the resolutions is legislation that appropriates money to federal agencies and programs. As anyone who has been paying attention knows, the lack of resolutions obviously hasn't stopped the government from functioning. What the budget resolutions can do, however, is put a senator on record on an issue that could prove unpopular electorally in his or her state, such as voting against a tax cut or for increasing spending. This is particularly worrisome for Democrats holding seats that are competitive between the major parties. And because in the Senate such resolutions can be amended by the Republican minority to force some Democrats into taking difficult votes, there can be some benefit to avoiding the issue altogether. 3) Paychecks 'On The Line' Which brings us to the third point. Senate Democrats find themselves in a damned-if-they-do, damned-if-they-don't situation, since House Republicans have deftly used the lack of Senate budget resolutions as a handy cudgel with which to clobber Senate Democrats. Most Americans probably don't understand why Senate Democrats haven't produced a budget resolution, and see this as partly explaining the nation's fiscal problems. Republican arguments that even families have to produce a budget, so why not the Senate, have a certain common-sense appeal. So Senate Democrats now say they will produce a budget resolution. That hasn't stopped congressional Republicans who control the House from continuing to use the issue as a weapon, or from taking credit for forcing the Democrats' hands. It was language Republicans added to a debt-ceiling extension bill the House passed Wednesday — language that would stop lawmakers from being paid if they failed to produce a budget resolution by a deadline — that led Democrats to move, Republicans said. House Majority Leader Eric Cantor of Virginia said: "It's interesting to note, after almost four years having passed with an economy that's been struggling, the Senate never acted. It took one week in which their paychecks were on the line, that now the Senate's going to step up and do the right thing. We welcome them to this debate around the budget of the nation and look forward to making sure we can begin to reduce the mountain of debt that is facing our children." Senate Democrats denied any cause-and-effect. Sen. Patty Murray of Washington state, the new chairwoman of the Senate Budget Committee, said: "Now, this morning I announced that the Senate will be moving a pro-growth, pro-middle class budget resolution through the committee and to the Senate floor. I discussed this path with my colleagues in the weeks before I officially became chair, and we plan to move on a budget resolution regardless of whether the House rolls this issue into their short-term bill to increase the debt limit. "But I'm hopeful that when Republicans say they want to return to the regular budget process they actually really mean it. That means that the constant crisis over manufactured deadlines needs to end, the brinkmanship needs to stop, and they truly need to work with us toward the balanced and bipartisan budget deal that the American people expect and deserve." 4) Democrats Vs. Paul Ryan Here's the fourth point. In a statement Murray issued Wednesday, she said that by producing a budget resolution with their priorities, Senate Democrats will be able to create what they hope will be a contrast favorable to them against the budget produced by Wisconsin Rep. Paul Ryan, the 2012 Republican vice presidential nominee. Ryan, chairman of the House Budget Committee, has said he intends to produce a budget plan that would balance after 10 years, all without raising taxes. Since Republicans have said they intend to keep military spending relatively unscathed, that suggests deep cuts in domestic discretionary spending. Murray said in her statement: "Democrats are eager to contrast our pro-growth, pro-middle class budget priorities with the House Republicans' Ryan budget that would end Medicare as we know it, gut investments in jobs and programs middle class families depend on, and cut taxes for the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations. We know that when our priorities are laid out next to Republicans', the public stands with us." 5) Herding Cats That raises the fifth point. It should be really fascinating to watch Senate Democrats try to achieve consensus on a budget resolution. The resolution will need to get through a budget committee comprising 10 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 10 Republicans. Assuming Murray is unable to get a single Republican vote, a safe assumption, she will need to get all of her Democrats and independents on board. If a single Democrat/independent votes "no" on the eventual resolution, it will die in committee, assuming all committee members vote. Getting her dozen senators to agree could test Murray's cat-herding abilities to their limits. The committee includes Democrat Mark Warner of Virginia, who has indicated in recent years that he would be open to entitlement cuts, and Bernie Sanders of Vermont, the independent who has vowed to fight such cuts. It also includes three untested freshmen worth watching: Tim Kaine, the very centrist Democrat from Virginia; Tammy Baldwin, the very progressive Democrat from Wisconsin; and Angus King, the independent from Maine, who upon agreeing to caucus with Democrats (which allowed him to secure such plum assignments as a seat on the budget committee) declared that he would not be "in automatic opposition" to the GOP. There could be an intraparty battle over the budget blueprint lively enough to rival the coming clash between Democrats and Republicans. Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit

http://krvs.org/post/5-things-know-about-congressional-budget-fight

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Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me! 3:42 pm Fri December 14, 2012 Opening Panel Round Originally published on Sat December 15, 2012 8:25 am We want to remind everyone to join us here most weeks at the Chase Bank Auditorium in downtown Chicago. For tickets and more information, you can go to wbez.org, and you can find a link at our website, which is waitwait.npr.org. There you can also find out about the upcoming WAIT WAIT...DON'T TELL ME! live cinema event May 2nd of next year: you'll finally get your chance to judge our appearance live on the silver screen along with the rest of the country. Right now, panel, it is time for you to answer some questions about this week's news. Tom, Cathay Pacific Airways is known as one of the best, and one of the lispiest airlines in the world. But now, to protest what they feel are unfair wages, their flight attendants are refusing to do what? TOM BODETT: Oh, is this the one where they're not going to smile or be nice to people. SAGAL: That's exactly right. They're not going to smile anymore. BODETT: Boy, you couldn't - you know, most airlines you wouldn't notice, you know. SAGAL: Exactly. Usually when you see somebody frowning and looking unhappy on an airplane, it's all of the other passengers. But now, the flight attendants on Cathay Pacific are threatening to withhold smiles until their union gets a 5% pay raise. This seems strange. Like this is going to like apply economic pressure? BODETT: Where is this airline from? SAGAL: Cathay. BODETT: That's not a right to smile country, is it? SAGAL: No, it isn't, no. It's so weird to like have a strike, a labor action that could be so easily broken by tickling.

http://kvpr.org/post/opening-panel-round-17

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Let's Make Robots! Fading an LED with hardware Gillerire's picture Hi guys, I am trying to get an LED (attached to the i/o port of a microcontroller) to fade in and fade out without using PWM.  I hooked up a resistor and LED pair in parallel with a large-ish polarised capacitor, thinking that as the cap charged it would prevent some current getting to the LED, resulting in a fade up to full brightness.  When power was removed the cap would then slowly empty it's charge through the LED, resulting in a fade out.  It worked for the fade out but not the fade in; it simply went to full brightness when power was applied. I realised I would need another resistor between power and the cap to limit the speed at which he cap could charge.  I set this up (see figure below) and it is kind of working; I get both a fade in and a fade out.  But the fade in speed is not the same as the fade out speed. I'm wondering if anybody knows if there is a way to calculate what resistor/capacitor values will give different fade in/out speeds?  I'm also curious if it's possible to calculate how much current is passing through the LED?  I used a 220 ohm to set a current of 20mA when supplied with 5V, but I'm guessing this all goes out the window now that the cap and extra resistor are attached. LED fade circuit Comment viewing options rik's picture Charge throught D1 + R1. Discharge through D2 + R2. Fiddle the R-values. Almost sounds like a 555 PWM circuit. rik's picture A schematic say more than a thousand words. This is what I tried to suggest, but now I think it won't work. Look at this: It's the equivalent schematic. Current will flow directly through diodes and resistors to the LED. Sure, the discharge and charge times will be different, but the required resistors will also resist the LED current. So let's try to isolate R1 and R2 from the LED current. This one might work. I have no idea. R1 and R2 could be combined into one potmeter. Give it a try! And while you're at it... Replace D1 and D2 with LEDs. These will glow only shortly after a change in the switch position. But wait. How is C1 ever gonna discharge? Oh right! Don't forget to model your output pin as a double throw switch connected to either V+ or GND. Your MCU will sink approx. as much current as it will source. There's our discharge path! But will it work? You might have to use a much bigger capacitor! Or smaller LEDs. antonio.caciuc's picture your problem is that the voltage does not drop linearly with time see this link for details http://www.technologyuk.net/electronics/electrical_principles/rc_circuits.shtml I think the most important graph on that page is this:

http://letsmakerobots.com/node/23439?page=2

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The Concealed Surge Protector We consider unnecessary cord clutter a pretty serious enemy around these parts, which is why Belkin's concealed surge protector caught our eye. The simple but streamlined little surge protector sports a plastic-hinged cover that folds over the outlets and cords, hiding the many ugly plugs you'd normally be staring at if you were using an average surge protector. It boasts a total of 11 outlets and even handles those unwieldy AC adapters/wall warts with aplomb. The price is a little steep, at around $28 on Amazon, so you'd have to really care about your cords, but it's undeniably worthy of some gear lust. The Concealed Surge ProtectorS On the flip side, an adventurous DIYer could probably rig together their own cord concealing surge protector. Either way you go, this idea seems like a perfect compliment to the cordless workspace.

http://lifehacker.com/5165005/the-concealed-surge-protector?tag=cordless-workspace

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Binder Clips as DIY Emergency Cuff Links Binder Clips as DIY Emergency Cuff LinksS It's a formal event; you've got your shoes shined, your pants and jacket pressed, and you're ready to wow the crowd with your dapper get-up. There's just one problem: You forgot the cuff links. What do you do? If you're blogger Even Roth, you dip into your office supplies, grab some binder clips, and fashion some DIY emergency cuff links. Roth's posted the entirely visual step-by-step on his blog, and as you'll see from the after shot, the results are pretty sharp. Clever!

http://lifehacker.com/5277424/binder-clips-as-diy-emergency-cuff-links?tag=clothes-hacks

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Do I Need USB 3.0 in My Next Computer? Dear Lifehacker, I really would like to replace my old computer with a new one, but the one I want doesn't support USB 3.0. I don't want to buy a machine that's already somewhat outdated. If my next machine only has USB 2.0 ports, will it be incompatible with USB 3.0 external hard drives and accessories a few years down the line? Is USB 3.0 so important that I should wait until it's available in a computer I want, or should I just buy what's available now? USB Confused Dear UC, USB 3.0 is fantastic. Not only does it run at 5Gbps—10 times faster than its predecessor, USB 2.0—but it also corrects a lot of performance issues as well. It's all-around better, so if you can get it you should. USB 3.0 devices and ports are also backwards-compatible with USB 2.0, so you don't have to worry about a USB 2.0 machine being obsolete. While USB 3.0 is great, you shouldn't have to worry about your computer becoming obsolete. For example, you can use USB 3.0 hard drives with your current USB 2.0 ports. They'll work just fine, but at USB 2.0 speeds. Hopefully that puts your main concern to rest, but when it comes to buying the USB 3.0 question gets a little more tricky. In some cases, it may not be worth the wait. The main reason you wouldn't want to wait is if you're buying a Mac (with the exception of a Mac Pro, which can have USB 3.0 ports with the help of a PCI Express card). Apple just added Thunderbolt to its new Macs, which is twice as a fast as USB 3.0. This would be great if any Thunderbolt devices actually existed. The first machines with the super fast port were announced at the beginning of the year and yet no devices exist. Device support will likely be paltry until Apple's exclusive hold on the technology expires in early 2012. Chances are Apple will want to give Thunderbolt an opportunity to grow before allowing the competition of USB 3.0, so it's probably a safe assumption that you wont see any USB 3.0-compatible Mac laptops or desktops for quite a while. My guess would be about two years. Many people believe it will never happen. If you want a Mac, don't wait. Or build a hackintosh, like this Hack Mini. It has USB 3.0 support and costs very little to build. Whether you're building a hackintosh or a Windows- or Linux-based PC, most commercial motherboards sport USB 3.0 ports. If you're buying a non-Mac laptop or desktop and have your sights set on something specific that currently doesn't offer USB 3.0 in any way, you have a couple of options. You can wait, as USB 3.0 support in a newer model is probably right around the corner. Alternatively, buy a machine with an ExpressCard slot and get a USB 3.0 card. That may not be an ideal solution, but it's better than nothing. All in all, definitely get USB 3.0 if you can get it. If you can't, or just don't want to wait, you'll still survive. You'll just be moving a little bit slower. Photo by Maximum PC

http://lifehacker.com/5846370/do-i-need-usb-30-in-my-next-computer

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Improve Your Powers of Observation by Taking Field Notes Like a Scientist Everyone knows you're supposed to stop and smell the roses every now and again, but if you really want to improve your observational powers it might be a good idea to sketch that rose out as well. In fact, Time Magazine recommends taking field notes throughout the day to better track your day. Most people are casual observers at work or in life. It's not a bad thing, but as scientists note, "seeing is not observing." When you sketch or write something out you're making an active choice as to what to include and that means you're actively making decisions about what's important. Time explains: So what use could this have in your daily life? Keeping notes helps you quantify data. That data might be a sales floor, a conference room, or you daily routine. The point is that you're actively breaking down the minutiae of what happens and analyzing it instead of just letting it pass by your eyes. Time suggests two ways to make use of it in an office setting: The difference between a casual observer and an expert is pretty simple. While the novice takes a note and then moves on, the expert returns and analyzes that information. If you're looking for a way to boost your powers of observation then keeping field notes seems like a pretty good tactic. Have your own tips for better processing the world around you? Share you ideas in the comments. How to Increase Your Powers of Observations | Time Photo by Geek Calendar.

http://lifehacker.com/5907620/improve-your-powers-of-observation-by-taking-field-notes-like-a-scientist?tag=mind-hacks

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Why Walking Throughout the Day Is Just as Important as Vigorous Exercise We're well aware that sitting all day is damaging your body in countless ways, but counteracting that isn't just about exercising. As the Wall Street Journal points out, it's also about getting up and walking more. The focus for most health departments has been to push people to get about 30 minutes of exercise a day, but exercise alone isn't enough if you spend the rest of your day sitting around: A study that followed more than 240,000 adults over 8½ years found that watching a large amount of television was associated with a higher risk of death, including from cardiovascular disease—even for participants who reported seven or more hours a week of moderate-to-vigorous exercise... "Our results suggest that exercise alone may not be enough to eliminate risks associated with too much sitting," says Charles Matthews, lead author of the study and an investigator with the National Institutes of Health. The reason is pretty simple, all the movement you do throughout the day, from getting up to grab a glass of water to doing the dishes, burns calories and increase metabolism. Even if you're exercising daily, sitting all day counteracts that. The best thing you can do? Walk more. The goal is to hit about 10,000 steps a day (which is the equivalent of about four miles. We typically average around 5,000 steps a day). You can track your steps with fitness tracking gear, a cheap pedometer, or even a free app like Moves for iPhone or Accupedo for Android. Since you may need to essentially double the amount of steps you take a day, you might have to get creative with how you spend your day. We've heard plenty of tricks to do this before, like walking up the stairs instead of taking an elevator (walking up 10 stairs is the equivalent of taking 38 steps on the ground), parking further away in the parking lot, and getting up throughout the day to walk around the office. But if you still want to sit around and watch TV, the Wall Street Journal has a simple fix with surprising results: Dr. Bassett says a doctoral student in his department conducted a study in which 58 people watching 90 minutes of television marched in place in front of the TV during commercial breaks. "They increased their steps by about 3,000 per day just by doing this during commercials," says Dr. Bassett. "That's equivalent to about 30 minutes of walking." That's a pretty big boost to your step count, and it doesn't really require that much effort on your part (although you may annoy anyone watching TV with you). Hard Math: Adding Up Just How Little We Actually Move | The Wall Street Journal Photo by DieselDemon.

http://lifehacker.com/5990300/why-walking-throughout-the-day-is-just-as-important-as-exercise?tag=health

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Create a DIY Chainset Mudguard for your Bike If you're sick of having to clean and lube your drive train after every muddy ride and find regular mudguards impractical, this DIY chainset mudguard might solve your problem. Reader Cam over at Bike Hacks put together a great solution to muddy rides—a DIY chainset mudguard designed to help keep mud from getting on the chain and then being carried around into the drive mechanism. He's built his out of the top of an old chocolate container, but it looks like any plastic top of the right size would work for you. Hit up the post at Bike Hacks to see the whole build process. DIY Chainset Mudguard | Bike Hacks

http://lifehacker.com/create-a-diy-chainset-mudguard-for-your-bike-1508440352

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Most Popular Linux Distribution: Ubuntu (and Its Variants) Five Best Linux Distributions Whether you're a beginner or you've been using Linux systems for years, you probably have an opinion on what the best distribution is. "Best," is obviously a relative term, and we understand that what's best for beginners may not be best for advanced users, and so on. Still, Linux distributions come in all different… » 4/22/12 8:00am 4/22/12 8:00am

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[lkml]   [2004]   [Jul]   [27]   [last100]   RSS Feed Messages in this thread SubjectRe: [PATCH] Deadlock during heavy write activity to userspace NFS server on local NFS mount Pavel Machek wrote: >I'd hope that kswapd was carefully to make sure that it always has >enough pages... > is harder to do the same auditing with userland program. Very true. But is a kernel thread like kswapd depends on a userspace program, then that program better be well behaved. >>A more complete solution would be to assign memory reserve levels below >>which a process starts allocating synchronously. For example, normal >>processes must have >20MB to make forward progress, kswapd wants >15MB >>and the NFS server needs >10MB. Some way would be needed to express the >Yes, something like that would be neccessary. I believe it would be >slightly more complicated, like >"NFS server needs > 10MB *and working kswapd*", so you'd need 25MB in >fact... and this info should be stored in some readable form so that >it can be checked. If the NFS server needed kswapd, we'd deadlock pretty soon, as kswapd *really* needs the NFS server. In our case, all block I/O is done using unbuffered I/O, and all memory is preallocated, so we don't need kswapd at all, just that small bit of memory that syscalls consume. If the NFS server really needs kswapd, then there'd better be two of them. Regular processes would depend on one kswapd, which depends on the NFS server, which depends on the second kswapd, which depends on the hardware alone. It should be fun trying to describe that topology to the kernel through some API. Our filesystem actually does something like that internally, except the dependency chain length is seven, not two. the body of a message to More majordomo info at Please read the FAQ at  \ / ©2003-2011 Jasper Spaans

http://lkml.org/lkml/2004/7/27/216

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Vermont jury breaks 50-year tradition, sentences man to death Published: Friday, July 15, 2005 BURLINGTON, Vt. (AP) - A man who kidnapped a supermarket worker and fatally beat her as she prayed for her life was sentenced to death Thursday by a federal jury in Vermont's first capital punishment case in almost a half century. The last execution in Vermont was in 1954. The jury took only about 10 hours to decide that 25-year-old Donald Fell should be executed. Fell was found guilty June 24 of kidnapping 53-year-old Terry King as she arrived for work in Rutland, taking her to New York state and bludgeoning her to death during an alcohol and drug-induced stupor. The abduction came as Fell and his accomplice fled after fatally stabbing Fell's mother and a friend of hers. Vermont has no death penalty, but the killers crossed state lines, so U.S. prosecutors brought charges under a federal law that allows the death penalty for a carjacking that results in death. Fell had agreed in 2001 to plead guilty in exchange for a sentence of life without parole. But that deal was rejected by then-U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft, who insisted on the death penalty, partly at the urgings of Fell's relatives. Fell showed no emotion as the jury's recommendation was read by the clerk. Robert Lee, charged as Fell's accomplice, hanged himself in prison in 2001, officials said.

http://lubbockonline.com/stories/071505/nat_071505055.shtml

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Subject: sizeof(struct vmspace) varies To: None <tech-kern@NetBSD.ORG> From: Gordon W. Ross <> List: tech-kern Date: 05/08/1997 17:42:58 Hello all, I have been trying to make libkvm compile to the same binary on all m68k ports (partly so we can share /usr on all m68k ports) and I've run into a snag: sizeof(struct vmspace) varies per machine. The problem is that kvm_proc.c uses "struct kinfo_proc" which contains a "struct vmspace" which contains a "struct pmap" and that last structure varies in size across (m68k) machines. So, I'm looking for guidance on how to deal with this. Some possibilities I've thought of are: (in no particular order) * Contrive to make "struct pmap" the same size on all m68k * Change "struct vmspace" so vm_pmap is a zero-length array of "struct pmap" things, with the actual storage allocation done with MD information about the size... * Change "struct vmspace" to remove vm_pmap entirely (Some XXX marks in the code appear to indicate this may have been desired, but the change would affect almost every port, i.e. in locore.s ...) Any suggestions?

http://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-kern/1997/05/08/0000.html

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Subject: pkgsrc escaping newlines To: None <> From: Geert Hendrickx <> List: tech-pkg Date: 12/03/2005 11:50:36 I don't know what others think of this, but I find the following construction ugly and somewhat tedious to edit: CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --something \ --something-else \ I much prefer this: CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --something CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --something-else CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --and-also-this Although the former is very often seen in pkgsrc (also with MASTER_SITES and other variables). Is there a pkgsrc policy preferring either one over the other? If so, could a pkglint check be written for this, suggesting the use of += instead of escaping newlines?

http://mail-index.netbsd.org/tech-pkg/2005/12/03/0008.html

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The chulha politics | Centre for Science and Environment Sunita Narain The chulha politics Chulhas—cookstoves of poor women who collect sticks, twigs and leaves to cook meals—are today at the centre of failing international action. Women are breathing toxic emissions from stoves and these emissions are also adding to the climate change burden. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease established that indoor air pollution from stoves is a primary cause of disease and death in South Asia. As many as 1.04 million pre-mature deaths and 31.4 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs)—measure of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death—are related to exposure to biomass burning in poorly ventilated homes. But what has spurred action is the science that there is a connection between local air and global air pollution. The particles formed during incomplete combustion—in diesel cars and cookstoves—are seen as powerful “climate forcers” because they absorb light and convert it into heat. It is also found that these particles or aerosols interact with clouds and affect rain pattern. They also fall on snow or ice surfaces and make them melt faster. Moreover, particulate matter or black carbon is short-lived. Its life span in the atmosphere is three to eight days, unlike carbon dioxide, which has a life span of 80 to 100 years. So, combating emissions brings quick results to an over-heated Planet, even though their impacts are more regional and local. The current negotiations on climate change are focused on these short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) as a way ahead. This is not to say that science agrees on how serious the contribution of particulate matter or black carbon is to global climate change. This is because there are good aerosols, which cool the Planet by reflecting light—and bad aerosols, which warm the Planet. What is emerging is that the good or bad could well depend on the source of pollution. While open burning or biomass burnt in cookstoves produces particles with a higher proportion of organic carbon that scatters sunlight, emissions from fossil fuel have a higher proportion of black carbon, which absorbs light and forces heating. Seen this way, use of low-sulfur diesel has the highest net positive radiative forcing—it warms, not cools. Politics of particles, therefore, differentiates between survival emissions of the cookstoves of the poor and the luxury emissions of SUVs of the rich. This is where action on cookstoves is failing so badly. Currently, the world cares about cookstove because it sees them as low-hanging fruit in its fight against climate change. New cookstove models mostly involve efficient cooking contraptions, which use briquettes and other processed, hence monetised, biomass. This is not bad per se because such contraptions will also reduce exposure to toxic particles. The problem is since the push for action comes from the global climate change agenda, and not health concerns, solutions offered are half-baked and even counter-productive. The fact is however much countries like India (and many parts of China and Africa) may have modernised, the bulk of cooking in villages is still done using firewood and twigs. In India, the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) collects data on energy sources of Indian households for cooking and lighting. The findings of its data collection during 2009-2010 are shocking. In 1993-94, as many as 78 per cent households in rural India used biomass as cooking fuel and in 2009-10, 76 per cent used this fuel. Therefore, in this period, when urban India moved to LPG (from 30 per cent to 64 per cent), rural India remained where it was, cooking on highly inefficient and dirty stoves. There is a definite correlation between wealth, availability and methods of cooking. The same NSSO data shows that only in the highest (9th and 10th) class of monthly per capita expenditure does the household make the transition to LPG in rural India. In urban India, in contrast, even households in the lower class of monthly per capita expenditure use LPG. This is because LPG is highly subsidised and available in these areas. Therefore, it is poverty that is at the root of the chulha conundrum. This is where the climate change knots get entangled. The fact is that LPG is a fossil fuel widely available as a clean cooking medium. Advocating use of this fuel to meet the needs of poor women in vast parts of the world will only add to greenhouse gas emissions. The other problem is that any programme to reach the poor will necessarily require subsidy. The world frowns on subsidy for fossil fuel—which is partly why our governments are scrambling to remove it from kerosene and even LPG. So, what is the way ahead? Clearly, the option would be to first recognise that transition away from dirty cooking fuel has huge health benefits and must be supported with subsidy. If LPG is subsidised and made available to urban populations, then the same should be done for rural populations. If we want benefits for both health and climate, then the option would be to increase subsidy for cleaner electricity, from biomass gasification to solar energy. These are not cheap options. That is the inconvenient truth. Follow us on  gobar times

http://mailto:kushal@cseindia.org/content/chulha-politics

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Take the 2-minute tour × How does one know that a number field $K$ has a maximal abelian extension (unique up to isomorphism) $K^{\text{ab}}$? I've read proofs involving Zorn's lemma that it has an algebraic closure (And that algebraic closures are unique up to isomorphism.) $\bar{K}$ All these proofs involved ideals of the polynomial ring in variables $x_f$, $f$ an irreducible monic polynomial in $K[x]$, but I don't see any obvious way of "restricting" this proof to abelian extensions. I tried proving that such an extension exists using Zorn's lemma: Let $\Sigma$ be the set of all abelian subgroups of $\text{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)$ partially ordered by inclusion. Any chain of subgroups $(G_\alpha)$ has an upper bound, namely, $\bigcup_\alpha G_\alpha$ (which is a [sub]group as each $G_\alpha$ is contained in another), so by Zorn's lemma $\Sigma$ has a maximal element. But I don't have that this element is unique. (and I don't think I proved that $\bigcup_\alpha G_\alpha$ is abelian, either). Additionally, how does $\text{Gal}(K^\text{ab}/K)$ relate to $\text{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)$ ? My incomplete attempt at a Zorn's lemme proof doesn't tell me what the maximal abelian galois group should be, and I don't know many ways of finding abelian subgroups. share|improve this question Why are you looking at subgroups? The Galois groups of subextensions of $\bar{K} \mid K$ are quotients of the absolute Galois group. –  Zhen Lin May 7 '12 at 15:16 Perhaps because I'm naive. :) But is not looking at quotients of $\text{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)$ equiv to looking at the normal subgroups (except that the inclusion is reversed) ? or am I missing something subtle about galois theory? –  mebassett May 7 '12 at 15:25 An abelian extension of the base field doesn't correspond to an abelian subgroup but to an abelian quotient. So the maximal abelian extension has Galois group the abelianization of the absolute Galois group. –  Qiaochu Yuan May 7 '12 at 15:37 add comment 1 Answer up vote 17 down vote accepted Existence: It's not hard to check that a compositum of abelian extensions is again abelian (the Galois group of the compositum embeds into the product of the individual Galois groups) and the maximal abelian extension of $K$ is precisely the compositum of all such extensions. Once you've constructed an algebraic closure, you don't have to worry about working directly with minimal polynomials. Relation to $\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{K}/K)$: As mentioned in the comments, the Galois group of the maximal abelian extension is just the abelianization of the absolute Galois group. Note that this abelianization process can be trivial (though not for number fields) -- if you start with a finite field, or $\mathbb{R}$, its algebraic closure is already an abelian extension. What it looks like: Remarkably, this is a largely wide open question, and I'll just briefly reference you to the whole branch of number theory known as class field theory. When $K=\mathbb{Q}$, the answer is completely understood (but fairly non-trivial): The maximal abelian extension is the field obtained by adjoining all roots of unity to $\mathbb{Q}$, i.e., the splitting field of the set of polynomials $x^n-1$ for all $n\geq 1$. The Galois group is precisely $\prod \mathbb{Z}_p^\times$, where the product ranges over all primes $p$. (Note this is an uncountable group). There's also an explicit version of such a statement in the case that $K$ is quadratic imaginary, where the maximal extension is obtained by adjoining special values of functions defined on elliptic curves. Beyond those two cases, the state of the art ranges from fairly explicit conjectures (e.g., Stark conjectures for totally real fields, in particular real quadratic fields) to completely unknown. That said, there's lots of neat stuff known about these fields and their Galois groups which falls shy of an explicit construction, but I suspect they lie beyond the scope of the answer you were looking for. share|improve this answer A very pleasing answer. –  Lubin May 7 '12 at 18:43 Yup. If $\alpha,\beta\in K^{ab}$, then the Galois closure of $K(\alpha,\beta)$ is an abelian extension of $K$. –  Cam McLeman Jun 26 '13 at 16:24 The Galois group of a compositum of two number fields is a subgroup of the direct product of those two fields (in fact, it's the subgroup that fixes the intersection). The product of abelian groups is abelian, and subgroups of abelian groups are abelian. That's it! –  Cam McLeman Jun 26 '13 at 17:44 Maybe the issue is Galois closures? For $\alpha\in K^{ab}$, it's not even true that $K(\alpha)/K$ has to be <i>Galois</i>, let alone abelian. There's also a bit of confusion about the order of the construction. If $\alpha\in K^{ab}$, then the Galois closure of $K(\alpha)/K$ is a subfield of $K^{ab}/K$, so its Galois group is a quotient of an abelian group, so is abelian. Of course, you have to believe $K^{ab}$ already exists to make this argument, which is what I thought was what your question was really about. –  Cam McLeman Jun 26 '13 at 18:18 Ah, yes. The compositum of two Galois closures is the Galois closure of the compositum. So since each individual Galois closure is abelian, so is their compositum (by arguments above). –  Cam McLeman Jun 26 '13 at 21:19 show 11 more comments Your Answer

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/142236/what-is-a-maximal-abelian-extension-of-a-number-field-and-what-does-its-galois-g/142265

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Take the 2-minute tour × This is the problem: Find non-trivial example of (linaer connected) space X so that cone over X is homeomorphic to cylinder over X. Trivial examples are one point set and empty set. I have absolutely no idea.My friend says it's an interval, then cone is triangle and cylinder is a rectangle, but I don't agree that they are homeomorphic. Am I wrong? share|improve this question So the cylinder is $X \times I$ while the cone is $(X \times I )/ (X \times \{0\})$. –  john mangual Oct 9 '12 at 15:10 add comment 1 Answer For a closed interval, the cone and cylinders are a closed triangle and rectangle, and those are homeomorphic because either is homeomorphic to a closed disk. For an open interval, however, you get into trouble. Then then the cone contains an isolated boundary point but the cylinder doesn't. For a half-open interval there's still trouble, because the boundary of the cone is a half-open interval but the boundary of the cylinder is a closed interval. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/209875/when-is-cone-homeomorphic-to-cylinder

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Take the 2-minute tour × We have two functions: $$\begin{align*} y &= x^4-5x^3+2x^2-5 \\ y &= -11x-20 \end{align*}$$ My task is to find two closest points that can be found on these two functions. Can somebody give any hints on how to solve these type of exercises? Thank you! share|improve this question Do you mean the closest points of the curves, or the minimum difference between the two functions? –  copper.hat Feb 8 '13 at 8:17 The minimum difference between the two functions. :) –  Trom Feb 8 '13 at 8:23 add comment 2 Answers up vote 2 down vote accepted You want to minimize $x^4-5 x^3+2 x^2+11 x+15$. Take the derivative, set that to $0$, and solve. Unfortunately this is an irreducible cubic, so the solutions are not very nice. There are three real roots: approximately $-.6828742578$, $1.275428188$, $3.157446070$. I'll leave it to you to find which of these gives the minimum. share|improve this answer add comment Since you want the minimum difference between $$\begin{align*} y_1(x) &= x^4-5x^3+2x^2-5 \text{ and }\\ y_2(x) &= -11x-20 \end{align*}$$ you are looking for the minimum of $$ \left| y_1(x) - y_2(x) \right|$$ which will be a max / min of $$ z(x) = y_1(x) - y_2(x).$$ So write down the equation for $z$ as Robert Israel has done for you, differentiate $z$ and find its turning points. share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/297881/find-two-closest-points-on-two-functions

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Take the 2-minute tour × I hesitate to ask this question, but I read a lot of the career advice from mathOverflow and math.stackexchange, and I couldn't find anything similar. Four years after the PhD, I am pretty sure that I am going to leave academia soon. I do enjoy teaching and research, but the alpha-maleness, massive egos and pressure to publish are really unappealing to me, and I have never felt that I had the mathematical power to prove interesting results. However, I am really having trouble thinking of anything else to do. Most people seem to think that the main careers open to mathematicians are in banking and finance. I really want to work in some field where I can use mathematics, but it is also important to me to feel like I am contributing something positive or at least not actively doing harm. For this reason, financial speculation is very unappealing to me, although I do find the underlying mathematics quite fascinating. Here is my question: what careers which make a positive contribution to society might be open to academic mathematicians who want to change careers? share|improve this question @aengle: Ah, but is the NSA really a force for good? ($*$ducks away$*$) –  anon Oct 12 '11 at 3:07 If you are good at programming, how about working at a company that designs mathematical software? –  KCd Oct 12 '11 at 3:09 +1 just for the cool question title :D –  JoséNunoFerreira Oct 12 '11 at 11:23 "You either die a hero, or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain." - Batman The Dark Knight –  Peter Sheldrick Oct 12 '11 at 12:42 @PeterSheldrick: That wasn't Batman; that was Harvey Dent! –  jwodder Oct 12 '11 at 16:08 show 22 more comments 25 Answers If you are in the US, there are several thousand institutions of higher learning, and at many of them there is very little "pressure to publish". At others, the "pressure to publish" can be met by publishing a textbook or some work of scholarship that does not require proofs of interesting (original) results. High schools also need qualified Mathematics teachers. Consider staying in academia, just moving to a different part of it, as an option for using your powers to do good. I suspect, but cannot be sure, that much of what I've written applies outside the US as well. share|improve this answer Thanks for your answer. I did work for a year in a liberal arts college, but I wasn't an unqualified success. I would definitely consider a liberal arts career, but unfortunately we don't really have such colleges outside the US. High school has already been eliminated from my search. I do like the idea of writing a textbook, though; I am quite good at thinking up interesting examples, and that's something I would really like to do one day! –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 3:30 I'm not sure why you are stating that high school is out of the equation. I had a math teacher in a similar situation as you were: he taught at a college, had more degrees than fingers, helped write SAT, ACT, AP tests, etc... He was one of the most popular teachers, and was a fantastic teacher. In 18 weeks he covered all but one chapter of what I ended up "learning" in Calc 1 & 2 in college -- and it never felt like we were moving too fast. You can do a lot of good by teaching in a high school, you just need the right situation. –  Scott Oct 12 '11 at 10:57 In the US, most people in the OP's position would, by technicality alone, be "unqualified" to teach at most K-12 schools because few people with PhDs in mathematics haven't gone through the unnecessary macaroni-art-making tedium that is an (American) university education course. As the old saying goes, Bill Gates is "not qualified" to teach computer science (or business, for that matter) to high-schoolers: forums.e-democracy.org/groups/mpls/messages/topic/… –  user5137 Oct 12 '11 at 18:44 @Scott - I didn't rule out high school teaching because I don't think it's a worthwhile career. On the contrary, I think it's one of the most important jobs in the world. However, I have enough experience to know that I personally am not good at it, and enough experience of bad teachers in high school to know that people who are not good at teaching should never become teachers! –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 20:36 @JackManey: Many American high schools are in such need of qualified math/science teachers that they're willing to forgo the "teaching certificate" and accept other credentials. –  Ben Voigt Oct 13 '11 at 23:17 show 2 more comments Procedural world generation and AI in the field of games development needs people like You(!) to forward the state of the industry from the drivel we see today. It is as creative as it is technically challenging, and in my forays in this field (disclaimer: as someone generally mathematically inept), I have seen the use of a broad spectrum of mathematics and logic; to name just a few such applications: • Diffusion equations for chemical detection in AI (such as simulating a sense of smell and pulling AI entities along the gradients created by these equations toward their goals) • Radiosity algorithms using eg. Lambert's equations in realtime raycasting • Fluid dynamics using cellular automata • Graph theory for generating planar connected world graphs, including such aspects as finding and eliminating Kuratowski subgraphs • Combinatorics in evaluating corner cases for constructive solid geometry applications • Statistical modelling and analysis for game rules balancing • Minkowski sums in opening sufficiently broad paths for navigation during world generation • Spatial quantisation and subdivision as a general optimisation • Quaternions to RK4 integration to Delaunay's triangulations in physics and geometry • Combinatorics, probability theory and general statistics in projecting the emergent outcomes of complex systems • Probability theory in random number generation eg. Mersenne Twister • Formal grammars in narrative and physical object construction (eg. Lindemayer systems) • And more mathematics applicable to broader field of computer programming, such as analysing and reducing computational complexity. This is a very haphazard and sparse collection of applications, so forgive me but my knowledge of the very existence of many of these areas has come from a game designer/developer's perspective. In any case, this list goes on ad infinitum for all practical purposes, considering that modelling worlds draws from every known field, from demographics to hydrodynamics to geomorphology to psychology to genetics to narratology... with mathematics being what all of these have in common. The spectrum in game development is vast, because you are modelling the mechanics of worlds / universes, according to the processing contraints of the system(s) you are developing for -- this latter part is where the real challenge comes in, and a broad, sound understanding of mathematics becomes even more necessary to apply new optimisation tricks. A sprinkling of some of my favourite places on the www, which may give you some insight into the breadth I'm talking about: • Infinity, generating galaxies from the top down. • Miguel Cepero's blog about his as yet unnamed, procedurally generated voxel-based world. • An interview with the author of Dwarf Fortress, describing how various aspects of the world were modelled (from history to geography to psychology). • A collection of pages on procedural generation of mazes (graph theory). • A video showing some emerging technologies in the virtual worlds arena. I would speculate that it is far easier to be a trained mathematician and become a good programmer, than the reverse. In many ways I would rather be in your shoes, reading my post, than vice versa. Of course that's assuming that this is a convincing argument in terms of changing career direction! If this does interest you even remotely, don't let what they say about games put you off. The line between games, traditional linear narratives, sandboxes for physical and AI experimentation, educational products ("serious games") and so on, is blurring at a rapidly accelerating rate. The vast majority of games, I would say all but less than 1%, are the same old rehashed tripe. But there is enormous potential for creativity, the more so for those with a strong mathematical background, as evidenced by some of the links above. I think there is something very positive in giving people new and inspiring spaces in which to play, relax and learn. P.S. If my use of terms doesn't make sense, please correct me on every point, I joined this site to improve my mathematical knowledge and your criticism is welcome. share|improve this answer That's a very interesting answer, thanks. I have written some interactive fiction in my spare time, but unfortunately I am not a skilled programmer. My brother kind of does this stuff - I think he works on light and shadows in games. –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 20:52 I'm glad to offer some insight. Computational geometry (probably a large part what your brother does) is a fascinating field in and of itself, and a huge part of procedural world generation. BTW I added another link in the post, to a video showing some emerging techniques/technologies in virtual worlds. Best of luck on your path to better things. –  Nick Wiggill Oct 12 '11 at 22:06 This is one insanely cool answer. Though I know math is incredibly useful thing I sometimes feel whats its use. When I feel like that again I will come and read this. This gives me hope. –  Pratik Deoghare Apr 12 '12 at 21:13 @PratikDeoghare Your comment makes me glad that I put the time into writing this answer. It is the greatest honour to inspire even a single person. I think that our world is full of wonder, full of things yet-to-be-done, and I hope that will never change. –  Nick Wiggill Apr 12 '12 at 21:54 Making games is cool, and I can totally see how it would appeal to someone. But when a mathematician talks about working for "social good," I think of things like DNA sequencing to fight disease, or mitigating global warming. Improving computer gaming probably isn't exactly working on one of the world's big problems. –  DanB Oct 28 '12 at 16:02 show 4 more comments You could go into operations research and work in the nonprofit/humanitarian sector. While OR has traditionally been applied to problems in business and industry, the nonprofit and humanitarian world has started to use it more and more in recent years. There are even interesting research problems being generated because the constraints and objectives in the nonprofit world don't always boil down to the same kinds of mathematics that constraints and objectives in the business world do. INFORMS (the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences) has been promoting this lately under the slogan "Doing Good with Good OR." A recent issue of the INFORMS journal Interfaces was devoted to humanitarian applications of OR; check it out to get some ideas for ways to use your powers for good. Or do a search on "Doing Good with Good OR" for more ideas. share|improve this answer add comment I found myself in a similar situation just over a decade ago: two years after PhD in mathematics, disenchanted with academia, and needing to make ends meet. My own choice was to go into computing (specifically, I'm now a software engineer). A mathematician of any stripe will find this field easy to pick up, and some of the skills gained in completing the PhD -- in particular, meticulousness, precision, and tenacity -- are of monumental import. I've worked on software in several different fields: mechanical engineering (aerospace), nuclear energy, finance, and Child Protection Services, among others. My job satisfaction is very high; I only wish I'd gone into it earlier. A final, more general note: your options are vast and wide, much broader than you'd expect. I'd suggest looking into fields where the style of your mathematics is particularly applicable, and where you'd be both interested and happy. Software engineering has special attraction for me because (a) my area of math was combinatorics, and (b) I have a penchant for fixing problems and simplifying structural models. Best of luck! share|improve this answer Thanks! I like your answer. My problem is that whenever I ask people how they got into software engineering, it turns out that they already knew many programming languages before they applied for jobs, and I really struggle with programming. Could you perhaps give some more details of how you switched fields? –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 20:56 A close friend who also had a PhD left academia for software engineering almost immediately after graduation; his STEM field required an enormous amount of FORTRAN programming, so it was an easy move for him. He began at once to persuade me to leave academia as well, and he finally succeeded. A few handshakes later, and I had a job waiting at the end of the semester. I took the time that semester which would normally have been devoted to research, and instead purchased two How To programming books and a compiler, and taught myself enough about the craft to get started in the new career. –  Paradox Oct 13 '11 at 14:17 may I ask which books you used? I have been learning some Python recently and using it to do a few calculations, but my knowledge is very basic and I'd like to develop my programming further. –  Flounderer Oct 13 '11 at 20:20 @Flounderer hey programming is easy, you will just find first programming language a little bit tough and then it will be easy, I will also suggest you python. So you want to know that which book is better? Any one, you are new comer , so I guess you get some thing from any book only thing require is don't stop once you start.Go to python.org and there are many resources, free tutorials and recommended books so hang with it. Or if want to do web programming then goto w3schools.com/php after installing xampp. Or for any other learning you can also check lynda.com –  Hafiz Oct 15 '11 at 9:07 W3Schools.com is filled with inaccurate information. See w3fools.com. I would instead recommend buying a book or codecademy.com / alternativeto.net/software/codecademy. –  Olivier Lalonde May 26 '13 at 5:23 show 1 more comment Have you read the book 'Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman?' The great physicist suffers a similar problem to what you describe - having worked on the atomic bomb, he felt 'burned out' and unable to do further physics. Somehow, he wasn't able to interest himself, and work with the same vigour as before. He then took the approach not to work to any reasonable gain, but to enjoy physics! To enjoy messing around with it, calculating things of no use to anyone. And he found that suddenly, he had his hunger back. Think about why you went into this profession in the first place. Surely you love maths? Well, enjoy it now, as you enjoyed it when you were a small child. And you never know, your work may turn out to be useful (in Feynman's case, he won a noble prize for it). And even if you choose to ignore everything else said, read the book. It's a great read. share|improve this answer For example, here. –  Did Oct 12 '11 at 18:18 Thanks for the recommendation. It's one of those books that I've never read because everybody else reads it, a bit like the movie "Titanic". I'm not really burned out - I am still doing research. It's just that I am soon going to be out of a job and need to find something to do. –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 20:59 +1 for this meaningful answer. Thanks! –  Cinco Sauces Jul 24 '13 at 11:28 add comment Don't write off the finance industry. If you are confident you can avoid your own self-corruption there is no need to think you can't have an amazing impact on the world by working in finance. There are many areas of finance that add tremendous stability to society and are a good thing (for example, insurance). Mathematicians are able to provide the models and techniques that mean these things can be fair and sustainable as a business. The finance industry will teach you what things are worth investing in and what things are a waste of time and money. Lots of firms and organisations are incredibly wasteful and stunted in potential because they do not know how best to organise their money. Someone smart like you can learn important skills to take elsewhere to solve these problems. As a mathematician you'll enter straight away into one of the more lucrative verticals of the banking sector. Give yourself ten years to make as much wealth as possible then leave. You'll have the experience and capital to set up a business/charity you believe in. share|improve this answer Insurers like AIG..? –  Chris Taylor Oct 12 '11 at 13:53 It should be pointed out that the considerable majority of mathematicians hired in finance are "quants", who are pretty much used to generate money for their company, through things like statistical arbitrage if necessary. If you work for a financial firm, if you are asked to do something you can't refuse based on humanitarian grounds, and most of those companies will attempt to maximize their profits in any legal way they can. There might be exceptions of course, but creating fair and sustainable business is not their goal, and they admit this. –  Zarrax Oct 12 '11 at 14:58 @Rasmus - From wikipedia - "AIG is an American multinational insurance corporation" and was at the center of the 2008 financial crisis and needed to be bailed out as it presented systemic risk to the entire financial system (and then the bailout was directed to companies like Goldman that profited richly off the crisis). They employed many mathematicians/physicists/etc as "insurers" who did anything but provide stability to the financial system. Old-fashioned actuarial work is fine; but finance is for making the rich richer. –  dr jimbob Oct 12 '11 at 16:13 Insurance companies and investment banks don't use mathematicians to act more fairly, they use math in order to maximize their profits. Also the OP requested ways to find a job involving math that in some way helps the world. Your advice to sell out and then start a charity, in my opinion, does not respond to the OP appropriately. –  Matt Calhoun Oct 12 '11 at 20:25 Furthermore, I have a suspicion that the reason these firms hire so many ivy-league math/physics phds with little financial training (and pay so well) is largely a cover story (we have a 100 Ivy PhDs so thats why we were profitable). You have an algorithm that generates millions of trades that balance out to average market movement, so you can sprinkle some very profitable trades based on inside information without detection. Granted you have to work very hard to get your algorithm to balance out (its much easier to write losing algorithms), so its not stress free either. –  dr jimbob Oct 13 '11 at 5:54 show 5 more comments A lot of responses to this question are more upbeat than I think is warranted. Many answers give detailed lists of uses of mathematics in a way that suggests the writer has no experience actually hiring people out of academia to meet those needs. There is an awful lot of "fields X, Y, and Z need people to do math, so you can probably get a job doing that." The irony is that this attitude is most common within academia. Most people who will assume that a math PhD with no job experience outside of academia is good for something, to the point of paying them to work on an applied problem, are in academia--- in bioengineering, machine learning, and other fields that people have recommended. The point I would underline here is that these people work in universities and if you want to get into these areas, you will have to stay in academia, at least a little. The experience of a researcher at a university in some applied area is very different from the experience of a professor of pure mathematics. For example there are often fewer teaching duties (e.g. lab supervision, instead of teaching large classes--- or no teaching duties at all). And there are more options for sources of outside funding--- unlike in most of math, where if you don't get a grant from a government agency that funds math, you aren't getting a grant. But there will still be publishing papers, and you will still spend the majority of your time with people who share their social characteristics more with other academics than they do with the general population. Academia isn't the only culture with negative aspects. If you look for a private sector job, you will find that most people--- even in very technical companies--- are not open to hiring people with no private sector experience and no personal connections for non-entry-level jobs. And they aren't open to hiring PhDs for entry level jobs (you are "overqualified"). At many companies, it's not "we do a lot of mathy stuff, so math PhDs can help a lot," but "we do a lot of real world stuff here, and anybody who spends decades buried in textbooks won't know anything about that." For example, unless you have an easily documented and publicized history of programming (e.g. contributions to open source projects, or reasonably self-contained projects that you can make public and stick on a personal website), most companies will not give you a second look for any software engineering job. Even if you've done a ton of programming, you will never get a chance to show it, because most companies will not call a math PhD back on the off chance they can do something useful. Say what you will about academia, but if you apply to an academic research group whose work has some mathematical flavor, they are much more likely to actually give you a chance. Someone linked a talk by Cathy O'Neil in another answer. It contains good advice, but recall that this was a talk given at MIT. Cathy O'Neil has a PhD from Harvard and research experience at MIT. Her first work post-academia was at D. E. Shaw. It is reasonable to assume that she does not have any experience with the obstacles that confront the average academic who wants to transition into something else. She writes: "being really [flipping] good at math is considered a superpower by the people outside. This is because you can do stuff with your math that they actually don’t know how to do, no matter how much time they spend trying." These are the words of someone who has had a very atypical experience in transitioning from academia to the private sector (granted, given the audience of the talk, it is reasonable to assume that most of the audience will be atypical also). People coming out of academia who are not coming from the absolute top schools, with the connections that often come from that, are generally not greeted as superheroes by the private sector. (I want to make clear: I'm not criticizing Cathy here, or suggesting that she hasn't worked hard to get where she is. It's just a lot harder to do what she has done than you might think, reading only her words and not considering the context.) I would say: if you want to get a mathy job, unless you have a documented history of things that are of immediate relevance to the private sector, or professionally useful personal connections in the outside world--- stay in academia, but switch fields to an applied area (lots of good suggestions have been given here). After a few years, you may have connections that can help you transition to a mathy job outside of academia, or at least a broader resume that people might be more inclined to take seriously. I don't mean to be negative here--- you probably should be taken seriously as you are now. But outside of academia, in my view, the odds are that you won't. share|improve this answer Thank you for giving a more downbeat answer. I have been looking for a job for quite a while (while doing teaching jobs, but with one eye on leaving academia) and I agree that some of the other answers are way too idealistic. –  Flounderer Oct 25 '11 at 2:52 I agree with the overall insights mentioned here. Connections are supremely important! –  fouryear Jan 16 '13 at 11:26 "And they aren't open to hiring PhDs for entry level jobs (you are "overqualified")." Do you have any evidence to back this claim? A maths PhD I know got 4 job offers in entry-level finance, probably the in the top 5% in terms of success. –  Jase May 24 '13 at 14:10 Also is worth mentioning that those "level entry" jobs can be really terrible jobs. It's important before taking the decision talk with sector workers, know the average times of advances in the chosen career path and be sure that worths the effort. –  bduran Jan 25 at 14:02 add comment I've seen people in pure math who wanted to switch fields while saving the world get postdocs in biostatistics or bioinformatics. This was a few years ago when these fields were especially "hot" but I would guess it's still true. There were many expanding labs and research groups and they would often take people switching from other fields. If you go into these fields, epecially bioinformatics, you may end out doing a lot of programming, so be sure this is something you'd be comfortable with. Another option would be to get a masters degree, or even go for a second PhD if you can stand it. But I don't think you should have to go this far. If you are into programming you could try working for a company that does mathematical software, as KCd suggested. share|improve this answer Wolfram Research for somebody who doesn't want to work for evil companies is the funniest suggestion I have heard in a while. –  Alex B. Oct 12 '11 at 4:51 I have no reason to think they're evil. Maybe you know something I don't. –  Zarrax Oct 12 '11 at 5:04 @Zarrax: You can get some sense perhaps from this review of Wolfram's book NKS, which is an interesting read regardless (at least I assume this is what Alex B. is referring to). The relevant paragraph is the one that begins "The real problem with this result, however, is that it is not Wolfram's." –  Zev Chonoles Oct 12 '11 at 6:32 Ack, I just realized my comment above could be interpreted as saying NKS is an interesting read; that was not my intention (I suppose I have no comment, not having read it myself). I meant the review is an interesting read, regardless of the fact that only a minor section of it reflects on what it would be like to work at Wolfram. –  Zev Chonoles Oct 12 '11 at 16:43 @mt_ It really was like that. People with math and programming backgrounds with no prior bioinformatics background were getting postdocs. Don't forget the field was quite new at the time and it didn't take long to get up to speed. Even professors in bioinformatics sometimes started in pure math such as combinatorics and switched pretty quickly. –  Zarrax Oct 12 '11 at 20:48 show 7 more comments The difficulty here is that "a positive contribution to society" turns out to be quite a subjective thing. So even if you feel other people might know what you mean, there's lots of space for confusion and disagreement. I can tell you what I did with my maths (across the UK / NW Europe). I've tried to make a positive contribution to society, by my own standards. Your mileage may vary. I've designed photovoltaic systems. I've been an urban transport planner and modeller. I've been an energy analyst, and created models for local, national and international clean-energy supply and demand. My work has cut across engineering, physics, politics, economics, sociology, psychology, urban design and architecture. There are still plenty of gaps in all these fields; for example, for clean-energy modelling, it would be very useful to have a simulation package that could produce plausible patterns of insolation, rainfall and wind, at continental scale, and that which reproduced real-world temporal and spatial correlations, at the level of minutes to years. Note that you're unlikely to use PhD-level maths in many places at all: there's a trade-off between depth of maths used, and number of options open to you. Good luck. share|improve this answer May I ask how you got your first job doing this type of work? It seems to me that these types of firms generally require a lot of prior experience. How would a fresh graduate get started? –  Antonio Vargas Mar 19 '12 at 7:38 @AntonioVargas I took a very very junior job in a photovoltaics firm. I used most of my spare time to read the technical literature. I networked continually - saving up my own money to go to the right conferences. And I was lucky. –  EnergyNumbers Mar 19 '12 at 8:12 add comment Consider a career working for a publisher of technical books. Like Springer or Birkhauser. Be a force for good mathematics! Years ago just after I finished my PhD I spent a week as a taxi driver (I don't recommend this career choice) -- technically I was helping with a conference and shuttling participants around. One of the people I met (the wife of the principal speaker) was a publisher working for Birkhauser. I mentioned that I still hadn't found "the job" and she suggested coming to work for her. They are always in need of someone with the ability to edit/correct/deal with mathematically technical texts. I didn't take her up on the offer, but have thought about it at times. The idea of sitting around reading and discussing math texts all day sounds...well...like goofing around on math.stackexchange.com :) My second suggestion (this one's probably already been suggested) is join the Peace Corps for a few years. I met a "semi-retired" mathematician last year who joined the Peace Corps and went off to Africa (for an adventure). You would probably end up training math teachers in a foreign country. share|improve this answer Do you have any idea what the job market is like in academic publishing right now? Just curious, as your experience was "years ago", and a lot of editing/correcting/dealing with mathematically technical texts these days is done at what residents of most Western countries would consider extremely low cost, by people who do not own property or pay rent in Western countries. I don't mean to criticize the career choice--- the OP should look into it--- but I think the OP will find it much harder to find a reasonable job offer than you apparently did. –  leslie townes Oct 24 '11 at 22:31 add comment I am surprised no one has suggested you could start collaborating with the scientists working on the Azimuth Project. I was initiated by the renowed mathematical physicist John Baez. He recently stopped working on $n$-categories and their applications in physics to start "... help saving our beleaguered planet". He now works at the Centre for Quantum Technologies in Singapore (this is their website). The azimuth project focusses on tackling the various environmental problems we are currently facing, including, but not limited to: global warming, extinction, deforestation, ocean acidification, dead zones, the water crisis and peak oil. Everything is more elaborately and carefully explained in the links I provided you with and the links within the websites to which the links will direct you. I believe this project is an overwhelmingly noble initiative and in my opinion, you would certainly use your powers for "good" if you started working on it. share|improve this answer add comment there are a set of skills required for 'data scientists' that drawn mainly from math topics like graph theory and statistics. I'm not sure if this fits your ethos requirements though. You'll have to figure it out by yourself. more reading: http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/mimssbits/27201/#.TpW-IJsr2so share|improve this answer add comment I also hesitate to give this answer but here it goes. You do not have to work in the most obvious jobs to help the society. As a mathematician you must be fully aware of the fact that many useless looking abstract mathematical tools turned out to be extremely useful in practice only later. Besides how do you know that education is helping the society where we have an increasing evidence that our educational system is very wrong. So in reality, you might be doing the exact opposite what you wish initially i.e. making people love math and make them suffer by a pursuing a degree among those mean and arrogant alpha-males (Exaggeration police was here! But you can see this,this and especially this for the fun of it). Moreover, you might do more good if you really love your subject and create a use of it. Many concepts like Street-Fighting Mathematics and Freakonomics showed that the academia is missing something that is truly crucial for its self-sustained dignity. The relevance. By relevance, I don't mean that poem starting with math is pure, would you know that it is relevant from the start. I know what R&D departments do, because I worked for quite some time in one particular industry. Hence, I know how to measure how much of my work will be complete fun and useless (for the time being) and how much of it will spin-off to something that would be good for a product. Same holds for the academia, you can't expect every single person to publish and turn everything upside down with one 3-page article. Some people don't want to publish anyway. Some people love to get their hands dirty and work on applied math problems which most of them are not even publishable. Some even go into private companies and carry on their stuff applied to a special (and possibly boring but, hey who cares) practical problem (Not to mention the Google's PageRank). Long story short, you would better off if you follow nobody's instincts but yours. Try to materialize your career plan with the given limited resources and surplus of happiness that it provides. Sounds cliché but it became a cliché, in the first place, for a reason. By itself, it is a damn hard problem. So you might work on it as a mathematician starting from the Lagrangian :P share|improve this answer add comment You may want to consider moving to a country where there is a lack of trained mathematicians. I'm sure that many of these countries have the problem of their best minds being drawn away by exciting overseas opportunties. The universities in these countries are probably less focused on research and more focused on the pragmatic task of upskilling their workers. share|improve this answer Thanks, but I live in one of those countries. It's not that easy. –  Flounderer Oct 12 '11 at 21:00 But you didn't said you want to be easy... just to be good –  woliveirajr Oct 13 '11 at 18:53 add comment Why not apply your math skills to Machine Learning or AI? The IT industry is starving for people like this. Check out www.ml-class.org as just one example Stanford is doing to help bring more ML to the industry. It's right up a mathmatics background alley! share|improve this answer add comment Your main assets are your ability to learn new topics and analyze complex problems quantitatively. These can be applied to any number of fields, some of which were mentioned above. Try by searching for job openings as an algorithm developer and similar titles. Often requirements will include a Ph.D. in mathematics or a related field. Such jobs are often exploratory and include writing a prototype using either mathematical utilities such as Matlab, Mathematica or R, or programming languages such as Perl, Phyton, C. These prototypes either serve as an internal research tool or as a starting point for distributed software components. Indeed, machine learning is often used and it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with the approach and even gain some hands on experience, e.g, via the online course mentioned above by @Mech. share|improve this answer Thanks for the search term! That was a helpful answer. –  Flounderer Oct 18 '11 at 23:59 add comment I skimmed through the answers and didn't see this mentioned already, but have you considered working for an entity involved in making mathematical education resources available online? There's a huge gap between what current technology could allow us to do in mathematics education and what is currently being done. One could argue that mathematics education will likely be very, very different ten to twenty years from now. One site that has recieved a lot of attention and funding is Khan Academy, but I am sure there are lot more initiatives taking place around the world. Imagine a world where the same group of mathematicians no longer spend each semester giving the same (often uninspired) lectures on college algebra and introductory calculus, because high quality lectures and supporting material are freely available online. Instead, classroom time is used to give individual attention to each student's current state of progress, and research mathematicians spend more of their teaching time supervising undergraduate research projects instead of explaining the perils of dividing by zero to students who are busily texting their friends their plans for Friday night. When you're done having this nice dream, go out and find a job where you can help make this a reality! :) share|improve this answer The Khan academy is great! I actually watched a bunch of their finance videos and learned quite a lot. I also watched some of the calculus videos and gained some valuable insights into teaching ... I even almost got a job by copying some of the things that Khan did! –  Flounderer Jan 10 '12 at 4:27 In the US, there's Big Pharma, there's Big Tobacco, and there's also Big Education. This is a business of selling nicely wrapped hollow products to school districts -- little if anything has changed in 50 years since Feynman's chapter in Surely You're Joking. To feed this industry and give it a semblance of an academically solid one, there's a sister area of mathematics education. If you have observed a downward trend in math preparedness of your undergrads over the past 5-10-20 years, thank these guys. I doubt that you are welcome in their world. –  StasK Feb 12 at 4:37 add comment You might want to look into holography related fields, which are mathematical complexity bound, but have the potential to change a great deal of how we interact with the world. Beyond TV and Movies, computer generated holograms have uses in everything from medical imagery, geographic data representation and remote visualization. We are at our core visually driven creatures, and so having an enhanced way of visualizing data, whether real or artificially generated, has a huge impact on our ability to comprehend and react to the world around us. Dare I say it, but the ability to present data more dynamically is a world changer. There are companies out there investing in the technology needed to make mass market holographic devices, and with good reason: We quite literally have all the technology required to do holography, and the only thing preventing holographic visualization from becoming the norm is the ability to do the math efficiently. share|improve this answer add comment I really appreciate that you are asking such a question. I suggest looking into non profits, and using an organization like Data Without Borders for guidence: http://datawithoutborders.cc/ share|improve this answer add comment Use your skills to help improving cryptographic algorithms in projects such as Tor, BitTorrent and Bitcoin. share|improve this answer how can we apply for this job? –  user42912 Apr 21 '13 at 10:09 Isn't it Bitcoin instead of BitCoin? –  Pacerier Dec 1 '13 at 7:14 add comment Being an actuary is a good job, always ranked as one of the top jobs based on things such as salary and stress level. If you find the right company, you can work 40 hours a week and get paid a lot of money, while working on something that is necessary to culture (car insurance, for example). As someone who is good at math, you could pass 2 or 3 exams in a few months. You wouldn't want to do more than that until after you start a job, because companies don't want to pay someone with no experience a huge extra amount of money. If you have much experience with probability, you could probably pass the first one with very little study, possibly none at all depending on how much experience you have. share|improve this answer Not to mention, according to a recent survey, the actuarial profession has a 0.0 percent unemployment rate (see collegiatestandard.com/?p=1736 for example). Seriously though, I have heard the actuarial job market recently is doing quite well. –  Zarrax Jan 5 '12 at 19:27 Thanks for taking the time to reply to such an old question! I've been looking into this one for a few months, although one actuary to whom I spoke did seem very surprised that a PhD would want to become an actuary. On the other hand, I have friends who have done it. Of the financial professions, this is definitely the one which attracts me the most. I am having a hard time finding entry-level positions, though. –  Flounderer Jan 10 '12 at 4:30 add comment I am currently a PhD student in robotics and AI, and it seems to me that the field is thirsty for good mathematicians, to counterbalance the vast majority of heuristic-minded engineers (like myself). In fact, the main reason why I am a part of this community is because my work often leads to interesting mathematical systems that are beyond my ability to analyse (e.g. this one, why not use the opportunity to advertise my own question? :-)). I find the field very appealing and I can see it being used as a force for good, such as in medicine and healthcare, personal care, search and rescue, and the like. Of course, there is always the argument that what you contribute to could eventually be used in military technology, but I guess that makes you as guilty as the person who invented the knife is for all the stabbings that happen. That being said, I have made a decision never to work directly on military applications. In this way you could remain in academia, but I'm fairly sure that you would have an easier time publishing, because the mathematics involved will be simpler that what you are dealing with at the moment. At the same time, you will get to meet lots of interesting people of both genders (less alpha-maleness), as the field is probably one of the most inter-disciplinary around. Apart from the obvious engineers and computer scientists, you get psychologists, linguists, biologists, philosophers (for robot ethics), and people from pretty much every other science that you can think of. I wish you the best of luck in whatever you decide to do! share|improve this answer add comment Cathy O'Neil gave a talk at MIT entitled "Math in Business" last week; she summarizes that talk in this blog post. There may be some ideas here. share|improve this answer add comment I'm not sure these areas have been mentioned already. I would outline two areas that are beneficial for the society and interesting for mathematicians: cancer research and computer virus propagation. They are closer than one might think, applying tools from probability theory such as Markov chains, stochastic processes, limiting distributions, equilibrium states, optimization, etc. You will be able to help a lot of people and maybe even save lives. share|improve this answer add comment Google? Microsoft Research? Some funky startup? share|improve this answer Any evidence for Google hiring "pure math-ers"? –  Pacerier Dec 1 '13 at 7:21 add comment protected by Zev Chonoles Oct 12 '11 at 16:44

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/71874/can-i-use-my-powers-for-good/71974

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Take the 2-minute tour × I've been asked to prove this. In class we proved this when $n=15$, but our approached seemed unnecessarily complicated to me. We invoked Sylow's theorems, normalizers, etc. I've looked online and found other examples of this approach. I wonder if it is actually unnecessary, or if there is something wrong with the following proof: If $|G|=35=5\cdot7$ , then by Cauchy's theorem, there exist $x,y \in G$ such that $o(x)=5$, $o(y)=7$. The order of the product $xy$ is then $\text{lcm}(5,7)=35$. Since we've found an element of $G$ of order 35, we conclude that $G$ is cyclic. share|improve this question I can't see what's wrong with it, but I have a hard time believing that so many people would overlook this proof it it were correct. –  user18297 Oct 26 '11 at 17:58 If $x$ and $y$ commute then the order of $xy$ is the lcm, but you can't assume this. –  stopple Oct 26 '11 at 18:03 In fact, even if $x$ and $y$ have finite order, it need not be that $xy$ has finite order. –  JavaMan Oct 26 '11 at 18:05 (following DJC's comment) e.g. We can express the Fibonacci matrix (with infinite order) as the product of two matrices with finite order (the orders are 2 and 3, if memory serves). –  The Chaz 2.0 Oct 26 '11 at 18:07 So try applying this to a group of order 21. What goes wrong (since there is a non-abelian group of that order, which is therefore non-cyclic - as every cyclic group is abelian)? If you can't distinguish the cases, you don't have a proof. –  Mark Bennet Oct 26 '11 at 18:07 show 1 more comment 4 Answers As a concrete example, consider the single-cycle permutations $(1,2,3,4,5)$ and $(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)$, with orders $5$ and $7$, respectively. Their product is the cycle $(1,3,5,2,4,6,7)$ of order $7$. On the other hand, pick two arbitrary axes in $\mathbb R^3$ and consider the groups of five-fold and seven-fold rotation symmetry about these axes. These are cyclic groups of orders $5$ and $7$, respectively, but the product of two elements, one from each group, is generally not a rotation through a rational multiple of $\pi$, and is thus generally of infinite order. You can see this by varying one of the axes; then the rotation angle of the product varies continuously with the orientation of the axis, and thus by the intermediate value theorem takes on irrational multiples of $\pi$. share|improve this answer add comment Here's a counting argument. If $G$ is not cyclic, then every element of $G$ is of order $1$, $5$, or $7$, and, as noted above, no element of order $5$ commutes with any element of order $7$. Let $G_5$ be the elements of order $5$. We can see that $4\mid|G_5|$ by partioning $G_5$ into sets $\{g,g^2,g^3,g^4\}$. On the other hand, given a $y$ of order $7$, we can partition $G_5$ into sets of $7$ elements, since we can separate $G_5$ into sets $\{g,ygy^{-1},y^2gy^{-2},...,y^6gy^{-6}\}$ (Note that, if $y^igy^{-i} = y^jgy^{-j}$, then $y^{i-j}g = gy^{i-j}$. So this must give $7$ distinct values, or some y^{i-j} commutes with $g$, which would imply that $G$ is cyclic.) So, $28\mid |G_5|$. Similarly, $30\mid |G_7|$. But $35 = 1 + |G_5| + |G_7|$ share|improve this answer Note, this works for any $|G|=pq$ where $p,q$ distinct primes and $(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$. On the other hand, if $p=2$, then there is a dihedral group of order $2q$ for all $q$. And if $p\mid (q-1)$, we can find a cyclic group of automorphism of $(\mathbb{Z}_q,+)$ of order $p$ by taking powers of an elements of $\mathbb{Z}_q^\times$ of order $p$, and take the semidirect product of the groups to get a non-cycle group of order $pq$. –  Thomas Andrews Oct 26 '11 at 19:20 add comment Another explicit example: Consider $$ A = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right), \quad \text{and} \quad B = \left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right). $$ Then, $A^2 = B^2 = I$, but $$ AB = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array} \right) $$ has infinite order. It should also be mentioned that if $x$ has order $n$ and $y$ has order $m$, and $x$ and $y$ commute: $xy = yx$, then the order of $xy$ divides $\text{lcm}(m,n)$, though the order of $xy$ is not $\text{lcm}(m,n)$ in general. For example, if an element $g \in G$ has order $n$, then $g^{-1}$ also has order $n$, but $g g^{-1}$ has order $1$. Joriki's example also provides a scenario where the order of $xy$ is not $\text{lcm}(m,n)$ in general. share|improve this answer That's what I was talking about in my comment (though $AB$ here is the transpose...) –  The Chaz 2.0 Oct 26 '11 at 18:54 add comment I think we can prove this in more generality if we have that $|G|=pq$ with $p,q$ prime, $p> q$ and $q\not |(p-1)$ From the Sylow theorem we then have that the number if sylow-p groups is $1$ and then as: $|Sylw_q|\equiv 1 mod q$ and $|Sylw||p$ but $q\not | p$ this then gives that the number of Sylow q-groups is also $1$ We then have that $G=C_p\times C_q$ and hence is abelian and so if we let $C_p=<g>$ and $C_q=<h>$ then we have $o(gh)=lcm(o(g),o(h))=lcm(p,q)=pq$ and hence we have that $G$ is cyclic share|improve this answer add comment Your Answer

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/76112/if-g-is-a-group-of-order-n-35-then-it-is-cyclic/76119

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