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About Aquatic Vegetation Aquatic vegetation plays an important role in maintaining and protecting water quality, providing shoreline stabilization and ensuring balanced fish and wildlife populations. Therefore, Florida law (F.S. 369.20) requires all persons intending to control or remove aquatic vegetation from the waters of the state to obtain a Aquatic Plant Permit from the Commission unless an exemption for the activity has been provided in statute or rule (Chapters 68F-20). About the Program The Section's Field Operations Program maintains offices strategically placed throughout the state. Section staff in these offices provide the following functions: - Provide extension/education services concerning aquatic plant management - Annually survey the aquatic plant communities in approximately 450 public water bodies comprising 1.25 million acres - Direct, review and monitor the control of non-native aquatic plants by contractors of the Commission - Assist and coordinate with federal, state and local governments on issues related to aquatic plant management - Regulate aquatic plant management activities through 2 permitting programs - Perform compliance/enforcement activities related to aquatic plant management Native Plants for Lakefront Revegetation The benefits of revegetation with native plants have been widely published. The following is a summary of the advantages of replanting a shoreline: - Food source for wildlife. - Protective cover for small fish and other animals. - Source of nesting material for reptiles, birds, and small mammals. - Shade for fish and humans (cypress trees). - Erosion control and soil stabilization. - Aesthetics and landscaping appeal. - Animal attractor. - Nutrient uptake. - Plant competition for preventing encroachment of invasive species such as hydrilla. - Living surface for small insects and other invertebrates important to fisheries. The plants listed in this PDF document, Plants for Lakefront Revegetation , are species that can be used to provide one or more of the above.

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The state of Minnesota has just developed a first-of-its kind formula and credit system that is transforming the way communities think about trees and stormwater management - and can potentially help them save thousands of dollars by investing in trees rather than pipes. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency created the credit system as part of a new chapter on trees in their stormwater manual, which also provides recommendations on how to ensure that trees thrive and provide the maximum ecological benefits for planners, developers, landscape architects, and builders. “To our knowledge, Minnesota is one of the first states, if not the first, to add a chapter on trees to its manual, as well as add analysis on the stormwater benefits of tree and soil systems,” said Nathalie Shanstrom, a landscape architect with the Kestrel Design Group who led the efforts to develop the credit system. “While trees have always provided stormwater benefits, they are just recently starting to be recognized by regulators as viable stormwater control measures. Cities, states and homeowners are taking notice.” The federal Clean Water Act imposes requirements on stormwater discharges from specific municipal, construction and industrial activities. Minnesota is helping communities use trees and other green infrastructure to help address these requirements while mitigating the high cost of installing only pipes. “The state encourages Low Impact Development (LID) practices where they are appropriate,” stated Mike Trojan of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. “Trees are potentially an important LID practice, and we want to ensure that the trees provide the maximum level of stormwater benefits.” The new credit system is part of Minnesota’s Minimal Impact Design Standards (MIDS), which focuses on treating rain where it falls to minimize negative impacts from stormwater runoff and to preserve natural resources. The credit is based on a formula that establishes criteria and methods to measure the benefits of evapotranspiration, which is the combination of water evaporating from the soil and transpiration from the plants growing in the soil. An additional focus of the Minnesota stormwater manual is the importance of planting trees properly with adequate soil volumes, even in urban areas. The manual recommends soil requirements of two cubic feet of soil for a square foot of canopy area – the minimum for a healthy tree. Tree size is crucial for maximizing stormwater benefits. For trees that are planted and maintained correctly and provided with adequate soil volume, the state is therefore giving credits based on the projected mature canopy size. If a tree is planted with less soil than it needs, the credit is reduced. "Trees are the oldest form of green infrastructure in cities, but the urban forest is now broken,” said Peter Macdonagh, of Kestrel Design Group. “Planting trees in appropriate quantities of good soil and using stormwater and its nutrients to irrigate is beneficial to the urban forest and reduces city taxes by tens of millions of dollars. Minnesota's visionary rule incentivizing correct tree-planting to manage urban stormwater will clean our lakes, rivers and oceans to be safely swimmable and fishable." Cities like Minneapolis, which do not have the space for open planters due to concrete and pavement, have already begun to invest in innovative solutions to attain the greatest stormwater credit possible. Through the use of products like the Silva Cell, which creates an underground framework that provides soil access to support long-term tree growth, the city is planting achieving the proper soil volume. “States as diverse as Washington, Texas and Minnesota are looking for smart solutions that help them address stormwater management, and the Silva Cell system is the perfect tool,” stated Graham Ray, CEO of DeepRoot. “Depending on the size and design of the system, thousands of gallons of runoff can be prevented from entering, overwhelming or polluting sewers, creeks and adjacent watersheds. As more urban centers realize that they can save millions through the use of trees, we anticipate more people will turn to solutions like the Silva Cell.” The new approach that Minnesota is taking is also leading to economic, ecological and community benefits to local residents. For example, trees lead to lower vacancy rates in business developments and have a number of aesthetic, energy, health and environmental benefits. Tress can help reduce asthma rates, reduce crime, and can serve as “nature’s air conditioners” in the hot summer. As states look to alternative solutions to manage stormwater effectively, Minnesota and its new credit system is showing what can be done through simple formulas and technology that help incentivize sustainable, tree-filled communities. Learn more about the new Minnesota stormwater credit. Learn more about the Silva Cell.

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As head of state, the president can fulfill traditions established by previous presidents. William Howard Taft started the tradition ... The President of the United States has a very demanding job. The Constitution outlines many of the duties of a president, but modern society and technology ... The duties of the Vice President, outside of those enumerated in the Constitution, are at the discretion of the current President. Each Vice President approaches ... track of presidential roles and qualifications. SECTION 1. The President's. Job Description. Do you know who the youngest person ever to be President of. Chief Executive is a term commonly used to refer to Presidential powers given by ... The formal powers and duties of the president are outlined in Article II of the ... One of the most important duties of the president of the Republic in the day-to- day life of the country is political control of the legislative activity of the other ... Aug 23, 2010 ... Responsibilities of the President according to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996) www.jfklibrary.org/~/media/assets/Education and Public Programs/Education/middle school programs/The Presidents Job According to the Constitution.pdf The President's Job. According to the Constitution. The US Constitution contains the only official “job description” for the. President of the United States. www.esc9.net/vimages/shared/vnews/stories/527cfe7d07add/Roles of the President.pdf Roles of the United States President. Chief Executive. As Chief Executive, the president helps run the government. As the United States Constitution requires, ... The vice president's other constitutionally mandated duty was to receive from the states the tally of electoral ballots cast for president and vice president and to ...

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James and William Elder of Livingston County established a ferry from their land on the Kentucky shore to the ferry landing of James McFarlan on the Illinois side of the Ohio river on the 29th of January 1829. William Elder and McFarlan formed a partnership to ferry people, horses and goods from one side of the river to the other, but that partnership turned sour. The reason for the dissolution of the partnership is unknown, but by 1833, the men were neither partners nor friends. The Elder ferry was located in that part of Livingston County that would be in Crittenden County today and the McFarlan ferry was located at what is today Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Illinois. On the 13th of August 1833, several people, including three children of William Elder, left the Kentucky shore in a skiff belonging to their father and headed toward the Illinois side of the river. In crossing the river, they drifted some distance below the landing place and, as they approached the shore, they saw James McFarlan, who walked along the shore, keeping opposite the boat until they got near the river bank. McFarlan then stepped aboard, grabbed the chain, declared the boat his property and ordered the occupants off the boat. When William Elder’s son, James, stated they would not give up the boat, McFarlan raised the tomahawk over his head and said if they did not he would split James Elder’s skull. McFarlan stepped on shore and with the chain, drew the boat toward a place to fasten the boat. At that time, James McFarlan’s son approached the boat and declared, “Well old man. You have found a prize.” James McFarlan replied that he had, indeed, and intended to keep it. The occupants of the boat were then taken back to the Kentucky shore, but McFarlan kept the boat, which was valued at $50. Unhappy with the treatment of his children and the confiscation of his boat, William Elder filed suit on a charge of trespass in Livingston County Circuit Court against James and John McFarlan. Depositions were taken by both sides with the defendants’ witnesses claiming William Elder had been violating McFarlan’s ferry privileges by carrying passengers from the Kentucky shore to McFarlan’s landing in Illinois. McFarlan did not deny confiscating the boat, but did deny threatening to use a tomahawk. On the 3rd of June 1835 returned the following verdict: “We of the Jury find for the plaintiff against James McFarlan, defendant, $304 in damages and against John McFarlan, $204 in damages.” The defendants’ attorney objected, but was overruled. Livingston County, Kentucky Circuit Court Order Book G, pages 365, 377 Livingston County, Kentucky Circuit Court Order Book H, pages 11, 171, 175, 256, 261 Livingston County, Kentucky County Court Order Book G, page 364 Elder vs McFarlan, Livingston County, Kentucky Circuit Court Case File September 1833, Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives

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|Name: _________________________||Period: ___________________| This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics. Short Answer Questions 1. According to the gypsy, what is within Jane's reach? 2. What is the name of the surgeon with whom Mr. Rochester returns? 3. As she overhears Miss Abbot's and Bessie's conversation, Jane learns her parents died from what? 4. According to Jane, women are supposed to be generally calm, but they feel what? 5. What month is it when Jane departs for Lowood? Short Essay Questions 1. Who arrives to tell the guests' fortunes? How does Blanche respond to her fortune's being told? 2. What is Jane's impression of Mr. Rochester's and Blanche's relationship? 3. How is Helen Burns treated by Miss Scatcherd, and how does she respond? 4. How does Jane first meet Mr. Rochester, and why is this significant? 5. On her deathbed, Mrs. Reed informs Jane of what, and why is this significant? 6. Why is Jane forbidden to sit with Mrs. Reed and the children, and how is this significant? 7. What does Jane do when she discovers smoke coming from Mr. Rochester's room, and what does this signify? 8. How do Bessie and Mr. Lloyd help Jane after she is punished in the Red Room, and why is this significant? 9. What is Jane's first impression of Thornfield in her new position as governess, and why is this significant? 10. When Rochester returns with Blanche and a large party, how do they treat Jane, and why is this significant? Write an essay for ONE of the following topics: Essay Topic 1 Discuss the conflict in "Jane Eyre." 1) What is the conflict between Jane and society? 2) What is the conflict between Jane and the other characters? 3) What is the conflict between Jane and herself? Essay Topic 2 Discuss reader reception at the time of publication. How was "Jane Eyre" received by critics and the general public? Essay Topic 3 Discuss the setting in "Jane Eyre." 1) What is the significance of the setting to the plot? 2) What is the connection between the physical and psychological landscapes in the novel? This section contains 709 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)

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GSM - Specification The requirements for different Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems differ for each PCS network. Vital characteristics of the GSM specification are listed below: Modulation is the process of transforming the input data into a suitable format for the transmission medium. The transmitted data is demodulated back to its original form at the receiving end. The GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation method. Radio spectrum being a limited resource that is consumed and divided among all the users, GSM devised a combination of TDMA/FDMA as the method to divide the bandwidth among the users. In this process, the FDMA part divides the frequency of the total 25 MHz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth. Each BS is assigned with one or multiple frequencies, and each of this frequency is divided into eight timeslots using a TDMA scheme. Each of these slots are used for both transmission as well as reception of data. These slots are separated by time so that a mobile unit doesn’t transmit and receive data at the same time. The total symbol rate for GSM at 1 bit per symbol in GMSK produces 270.833 K symbols/second. The gross transmission rate of a timeslot is 22.8 Kbps. GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps. The uplink frequency range specified for GSM is 933 - 960 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only). The downlink frequency band 890 - 915 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only). Channel spacing indicates the spacing between adjacent carrier frequencies. For GSM, it is 200 kHz. For speech coding or processing, GSM uses Linear Predictive Coding (LPC). This tool compresses the bit rate and gives an estimate of the speech parameters. When the audio signal passes through a filter, it mimics the vocal tract. Here, the speech is encoded at 13 kbps. Duplex distance is the space between the uplink and downlink frequencies. The duplex distance for GSM is 80 MHz, where each channel has two frequencies that are 80 MHz apart. Frame duration : 4.615 mS Duplex Technique : Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) access mode previously known as WCDMA. Speech channels per RF channel : 8.

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Coral Gables (May 26, 2010) — A team of researchers at the University of Miami (UM) has developed a computer model for finding and projecting in time sunken oil masses on the bottom of bays, after a spill. The unique model can be used in oil spill planning, response, and recovery applications. “Sunken oil is difficult to ‘see’ because sensing techniques show only a small space at a point in time. Moreover, the oil may re-suspend and sink, with changes in salinity, sediment load, and temperature, making fate and transport models difficult to deploy and adjust,” says James Englehardt, UM professor of environmental engineering in the College of Engineering and team leader for the project. “For these reasons, we have developed a unique approach to the problem, bridging sampling plan techniques with pollutant transport modeling, to create models of sunken oil. The model was developed for the Emergency Response Division of NOAA/NOS/OR&R (NOAA's Ocean Service Office of Response and Restoration), in Seattle, and the project was funded by the Coastal Response Research Center, University of New Hampshire. The two-year project had three main objectives: (1) compile and summarize data on the occurrence of sunken oil, directed by the project team including end users and NOAA liaison; (2) develop a 2-D multimodal predictive Bayesian Gaussian model of sunken oil locations across a bay to accept spatial field data and hydrodynamic information and forecast sunken oil locations in time; and (3) verify the model versus sunken oil data, as possible, and simulated datasets. The University of Miami’s mission is to educate and nurture students, to create knowledge, and to provide service to our community and beyond. Committed to excellence and proud of the diversity of our University family, we strive to develop future leaders of our nation and the world. http://www.miami.edu « Back to News Releases

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Andreas Max Baeckle The winners of the 2013 "Earth and Sky" photo contest show off the beauties of the night sky and demonstrate the effects of light pollution. Are the images featured in The World at Night's annual "Earth and Sky" photography contest meant to celebrate the wonders of the night sky, or draw attention to the worries about the night sky? They're meant to do both, says astrophotographer Babak Tafreshi. For example, consider "Stars Over Salzburg," one of this year's top-rated images. Your first impulse is to marvel at the golden glow of the Austrian city, as seen from an Alpine vantage point high above. "But then you realize the photographer has moved away from the city to the mountaintops in order to separate himself from the light pollution," Tafreshi, founder of The World at Night, told NBC News in an email. "Inside the yellow light cast by the city, people are no longer able to see this beauty." That's the tragedy of the modern world, right? Studies suggest that as much as 80 percent of the world's population can no longer see the Milky Way, due to the lights that illuminate our cities and roadways. But it doesn't have to be that way, and the picture of Salzburg proves it. Tafreshi pointed out that the direct, unshielded glow of city lights can be seen even from a mountaintop. "That shows that the lights are shining upward," he said. "Light pollution is not the lights we need for our modern world. It's the unnecessary, wrong-directed and excessive light that scatters to the sky instead of illuminating the ground. It isn't just an astronomer's problem. It's a major waste of energy, it disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects." The International Dark-Sky Association estimates that $1 billion is spent in the United States every year to generate artificial light that goes to waste. And as other countries become more urbanized, the stars disappear from wider swaths of the world. "Our images try to show how the night sky is an essential part of our environment, and not just an astronomer's laboratory," Tafreshi said. "They display how the night sky is becoming a forgotten part of nature for many people in urban, light-polluted areas. A major goal for us in TWAN imaging is to reclaim the beauties of the night sky and make people aware of this." The World at Night isn't just about the dark side of the disappearing sky. The winning photos include views that reveal cosmic glories in all their purity. "A good example in this year's contest is 'Crossed Destiny' by Luc Perrot, from Reunion Island near Madagascar," Tafreshi said. "The stunning view of the Milky Way above the Indian Ocean has no touch of our modern world. The galactic band is merged with the horizon of our planet." Click through our slideshow of images from this year's "Earth and Sky" contest, and check out The World at Night's website for still more cosmic glories and cautionary tales. More beauties of the world at night: - The World at Night 2012: Darkness and light - Slideshow: The World at Night 2011 - All-time top 10 astronomy pictures - The Month in Space Pictures: April 2013 Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the NBC News Science Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the Cosmic Log page to your Google+ presence. To keep up with NBCNews.com's stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

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Temperature: 27,000,000°F in the center, 10,000°F at the surface. So that's REALLY hot anywhere on the Sun! The Sun is made up of gas. The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system. It gives off light and heat. The Sun is bigger than any of the planets. The Sun looks yellow from Earth. Never look directly at the Sun, because it will hurt your eyes!

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Today's video viewers are very sophisticated, and video programs must look like "real TV”. Digital video effects and computer imaging will help hold the viewer’s attention. An educational/instructional video program must inform in an entertaining manner. But keep in mind that a viewer’s attention span to absorb general information from TV is limited. There are several types of documentaries: - A "hard news" documentary uses hard-cut editing (no visual or audio special effects). - A more elaborate documentary style, the "news magazine" approach, uses visual effects and/or computer graphics to provide entertainment value in covering smooth transitions to topics. - The most costly approach to a documentary program, the "Entertainment Tonight" or "MTV" style, requires combining digital video effects and computer generated images to enhance program information transitions. An effective video program can be produced to meet its objectives using simple to elaborate media support. Accordingly, the cost of a program can range from frugal to expensive. The completed Video Program Description Worksheet will provide the basis for developing time and cost estimates and a production schedule.

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Numeracy Skills resources Facts & Formulae for Functional Mathematics - Onscreen version A onscreen version of the Fact & Formulae leaflet for Functional Mathematics contributed to the mathcentre Community Project by Anne Townsend. Facts & Formulae for Functional Mathematics - Print version A Fact & Formulae leaflet for Functional Mathematics contributed to the mathcentre Community Project by Anne Townsend. This leaflet is designed to be printed landscape on A4 and folded. Mathematical Symbols and Abbreviations This leaflet provides information on symbols and notation commonly used in mathematics. It shows the meaning of a symbol and, where necessary, an example and an indication of how the symbol would be said. For further information from mathcentre resources, a search phrase is given. This Quick Reference leaflet is contributed to the mathcentre Community Project by Janette Matthews and reviewed by Tony Croft, University of Loughborough. Computer-aided assessment of maths, stats and numeracy from GCSE to undergraduate level 2. These resources have been made available under a Creative Common licence by Martin Greenhow and Abdulrahman Kamavi, Brunel University. biomathtutor presents students with a filmed bioscience-based scenario and guides them through some of the mathematics they need to understand and grow confident and competent in using routinely. The case-study scenario, covering practical aspects of haematology and microbiology, is presented via a narrated film, 24 min in length, but divided up into short sections. The film tracks the diagnosis and treatment of a student with anaemia and a throat infection and links the clinical findings and diagnoses to 33 interactive questions and relevant maths tutorials. An additional 24 interactive questions cover the same range of basic mathematical concepts presented in similar biological contexts, with a view to reinforcing students' learning. biomathtutor was developed by Vicki Tariq (University of Central Lancashire), John Heritage and Tom Roper (University of Leeds), Andrew Bond (University of Westminster), Mike Tribe (University of Sussex) and the EBS Trust. It was funded by HEFCE through its National Teaching Fellowship Scheme. This resource is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works and the copyright is held by EBS Trust 2006. NOTE: This resource has been tested on a Windows platform with Internet Explorer. There are known problems with Firefox and/or Apple systems.

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Individual differences | Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology | In sociology, a person’s identity is the way that people see themselves and the way other people see them. Identities develop as we come to see ourselves in a particular way. Paid work or the lack of it is a major element. Income and statusEdit In general a worker’s value is considered to be what that person earns - although there are exceptions. Plumbers can earn more than some University academics, although academics are usually considered to have higher status. Charity workers, care workers, nurses, teachers and similar employees are seen as more useful than for example, door-to-door salesmen/women, advertisers etc. Volunteers may have no earnings but do useful work. Despite exceptions a person’s earnings can have an enormous impact on self-worth. Those with low-status work tend to find their self-esteem frequently damaged. Within a culture of capitalism, spending (well earned) money tends to improve self-esteem. The nature of workEdit Full time workers spend a large part of their time working, and what happens when a person is working has a profound effect on identity. Some people may feel pressured into doing things they feel are immoral, and especially if this is repeated this may affect their self-respect and self-esteem. For example a secretary may have to lie to cover for their employer, or a therapist may not feel able to report inappropriate behavior by colleagues. Such people sometimes reason away what they do or get into denial about it. In those cases they can continue to feel good about themselves but their moral sense may be weakened. The working environmentEdit Self-esteem can also be damaged if a worker has to accept regular put-downs from employers, customers, co-workers etc. For example waiters and shop assistants routinely have to listen without answering back when customers complain regarding matters over which they have no or little control. Employers and co-workers can behave similarly. First Time EmploymentEdit In the context of being within a culture of capitalism, a person's first paid job is considered by some to be a step towards adult independence. The Course Texts for the Open University course, DD100. |This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|

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Alzheimer's affects about 12 million people worldwide. Lithium may have a potential role in treating Alzheimer's. Lithium targets an enzyme called GSK-3 that facilitates the modification of both the proteins found in Alzheimer's patients. Identification of GSK-3 as a target could help in developing other drugs that disrupt the production of both proteins. Another advantage to lithium is that it does not disrupt the processing of another protein called notch, as do other potential Alzheimer's drugs. Notch is vital for the production of blood cells. The drug has been used for decades to treat manic depression. //Alzheimer's is marked by the buildup in the brain of one protein, called amyloid beta, outside nerve cells and a second, called tau, that forms tangles in the cells. Many scientists believe that the accumulation of amyloid beta causes the debilitating effects of the memory-robbing disease. The recent issue of the journal Nature has reported that in mice experiments, Lithium blocks the production of proteins that form deposits in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Lithium, though widely used to treat mental problems does have many side effects, including kidney damage. "Potentially, lithium could be used to reverse both the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease," said Dr. Peter Klein of the University of Pennsylvania who co-authored the current study. "It seems you could block with a single medicine both of the major structural manifestations of the disease. This would be the first time that has been shown," said Dr. Sam Gandy, director of the Farber Institute for Neurosciences at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. Klein and his colleagues overproduce a protein that when modified forms amyloid beta in mice. The mouse experiments showed that lithium disrupts that modification process. They also showed that lithium disrupts the modification of tau. Currently it is unclear what role tau plays i n cellsin the progression of Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's disease usualy starts at the age of 60 years and involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. At present we do not know what causes Alzheimer's and there is no cure. Related medicine news :1 . High Doses of Lithium-Like Drugs May Impair Neuronal Function2 . Lithium Increases Gray Matter in Bipolar Brains3 . Evidence Links Protein Damage to Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinsons and Alzheimers4 . Decrease in testosterone levels lead to Alzheimers5 . Smokers are prone to Alzheimers . Over-The-Counter Drugs May Prevent Alzheimers 7 . Alzheimers followed by head injury8 . Vitamin E useful for Alzheimers . Staying mentally energitic prevents Alzheimers10 . Researchers trick Alzheimers Enzyme11 . Drug Offers Hope for Alzheimers disease

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- Silver could be used to help fight antibiotic resistance - Can make bugs which are antibiotic resistant treatable - Works by making bacteria more ‘leaky’, allowing antibiotics to get inside them and kill them - Britain’s top doctor says the rise of drug-resistant superbugs could trigger an ‘apocalyptic scenario’ Silver could be a precious weapon in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Scientists have shown that giving tiny amounts of silver at the same time as antibiotics makes the drugs up to a thousand times more effective. The finding comes in the wake of warnings by Britain’s top doctor that the rise of drug-resistant superbugs could trigger an ‘apocalyptic scenario’ in which even routine operations such as hip surgery become deadly because we have run out of antibiotics. Bacterial ‘bling’: Adding silver to antibiotics boosts their effectiveness Silver really COULD be the new weapon against superbugs: Adding it to antibiotics boosts effectiveness by 1,000 times COLLOIDAL SILVER Side Effects & Safety Colloidal silver is LIKELY UNSAFE for use. The silver in colloidal silver products gets deposited in vital organs such as the skin, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, and brain. This can lead to an irreversible bluish skin discoloration that first appears in the gums. It can also stimulate melanin production in skin, and areas exposed to the sun will become increasingly discolored. Using Silver Products for Health

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Adventurous Women - Amelia Earhart and her Predecessors Downloads 368 0 This lesson uses primary sources to help students compare Amelia Earhart to adventurous women who preceded her%2C and to identify challenges affecting the lives of women in the late 19th and early 20th century. A lesson plan is File Type: SMART Notebook lesson Subject: English Language Arts, Library and Informational Science, Social Studies Grade: Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6 Date submitted: August 3, 2012 Submitted by: Library Note: By using any resource from this site, you are agreeing to these Terms.

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The idea of New Year's Resolutions is very appealing but their success rate is low. Cognitive psychologists know why: Resolutions tend to be too big (like losing 20 pounds), too vague (like getting more sleep), very hard to control (like having less stress), or something the person is ambivalent about (like becoming a healthier eater). When students come back for the second half of the school year, we often want them to "turn over a new leaf," or address particular difficulties they faced in the prior weeks. Focus on Short-Term Success So let's travel back to my blog in August and revisit the idea of the End-of-Year Legacy. But let's do it in a way that is likely to generate some short-term success. This activity is best done in home room/advisory/morning meetings, or some time other than a particular academic class, because you want the students to be able to select the area of their focus. For fourth to twelfth grade, ask each of your students to pick two things that it is important for them to learn, or to improve on, in the next three weeks. Have them write one on one side of an index card, and the other on the other side. Go around and have some students share their goals so that you can be sure students are picking things that are reasonable and within their control (e.g., getting an A is not appropriate; studying more regularly, handing in assignments, completing an upcoming project are all appropriate). Then, have them share with a classmate and have the classmate help them write a plan for how they will be successful. Have them help one another, and then share the plans with another pair of classmates who will give feedback. Then, have them write up their revised goal and plans on a new index card and submit it to you, along with the name of the student who helped them initially. (Note that it is perfectly acceptable for students to choose character/behavior goals.) Once you get the cards, your task is to help make what they wrote more realistic and attainable and to inform others who are involved about the students' goal and plans. For example, if a student in your advisory class is most interested in an art project, then you would so inform the art teacher. Of course, students will need a copy of their plans. Each week, ask them for a progress report and whether they need some help and/or need to refine their plan. In case of the former, consider pairing the student with a classmate who has strength in the area where the student needs support. Is It Worth It? Why is this worth the trouble? You are banking on the well-documented contagious effect of success. Akin to Malcolm Gladwell's concept of the "tipping point," at some point specific goal achievement allows students to try tackling other goals using the same approach, and the supports available from peers and adults in the school. Too often, we ask students to tackle their areas of greatest deficit prematurely. First, we need to have them build skills and confidence in an area that is genuinely important to them, and then they need to have a success experience. From small successes, larger successes can be built. There is no other social-emotionally responsible way to expect students (or just about anyone, for that matter), to improve.

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Types of Chemicals The first seven objectives for this lesson deal with identifying various types or classifications of chemicals. These range from the simple awareness of whether you are dealing with an element or a compound to determining whether a compound exists as a network or as molecules. The links to the left will take you to the pages for each of these objectives as noted. Distance Learning questions Clackamas Community College

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http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch104-10/typesof1.htm

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Denali State Park Historical Info Denali State Park is an integral part of one of North America's most spectacularly beautiful regions. The park's 324,240 acres, almost one-half the size of Rhode Island, provide the visitor with a great variety of recreational opportunities, ranging from roadside camping to wilderness exploration. The park is about 100 air miles north of Anchorage and is divided roughly in half by the George Parks Highway, the major road link between Anchorage and Fairbanks. Situated between the Talkeetna Mountains to the east and the Alaska Range to the west, the landscape varies from meandering lowland streams to alpine tundra. Dominating this diverse terrain are Curry and Kesugi Ridges, a 35 mile-long north/south alpine ridge, the backbone of the eastern half of the park. Denali State Park was established in 1970 and expanded to its present size in 1976. Its western boundary is shared with a much larger neighbor, Denali National Park and Preserve, formerly Mt. McKinley National Park. "Kesugi" is a Tanaina Indian dialect word meaning 'The Ancient One" and is a fitting complement of the Tanana Indian word 'Denali," which means 'The High One." Denali is the original name for Mt. McKinley. At 20,306 feet, McKinley is North America's highest peak, and literally and figuratively towers over Southcentral Alaska from its base in Denali National Park. The great mountain and its companion peaks are accented by spectacular valley glaciers and steep ice-carved gorges and a year-round mantle of snow and ice above 8,000 feet. These glaciers, such as the Ruth, Buckskin, and Eldridge, are from 14 to 38 miles long and up to 4 miles wide. They flow from the high peaks and melt into the broad U-shaped Chulitna Valley, giving the Chulitna River the milky waters and braided channels that are typical of a glacial stream. Though only 35 miles from the summit of McKinley, the flood plain of the Chulitna is but 550 feet in elevation. The beauty of McKinley and the Alaska Range from the Peters Hills was captured on large canvas oil paintings by preeminent Alaskan artist Sydney Laurence in the early part of this century. When the railroad trip from Seward and Anchorage to Fairbanks took two days, travelers in the early 1900's sometimes stayed an extra day at Curry to ascend the east side of Curry Ridge and gaze upon Mt. McKinley and its wonders from Curry Lookout. This small hexagonal-shaped building still weathers storms on the ridge.

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While chubby babies may be cute, a recent study led by Solveig A. Cunningham Ph.D has found that children who are overweight by the time they enter kindergarten are “4 times as likely to become obese by the 8th grade than their normal weight peers.” What’ s even more shocking is the fact that more than 14% of children enter kindergarten in the US are overweight. Cunningham, who is an assistant professor in the Hubert Department of Global Health at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health, came to her conclusions after reviewing data from a study representing 3.8 million children enrolled in American kindergarten classes during 1998-1999. “Our findings uncovered several important points by examining incidence over time, particularly that certain factors established before birth and during the first five years are important. As a result we maybe able to target those susceptible to becoming obese in later years and prevent many of the health issues that result from it it, including high cholesterol, diabetes, heart attack, stroke, sleep apnea, menstrual and fertility problems in women, obesity hyperventilation syndrome in which there is too much carbon dioxide and not enough oxygen, in the blood, osteoarthritis and several forms of cancer, including breast cancer, colon cancer and cancer of the gallbladder, etc. It should be noted that the study also showed that obesity incidences decreased with age during the elementary school years, and that obesity incidences “varied along racial, ethnic, and socio-economic lines.”

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Yes, Christmas is close and we have already lightened our houses. If you haven't done anything special besides the festive Christmas lights for decoration, you might want to consider building this project for the next year. This is a big animated Christmas sign made from scratch using different color LEDs to wish Merry Christmas to our neighbors and visitors. It displays the text ‘MERRY XMAS’, where each character is created with 5mm diameter red-color LEDs. Multi-color LEDs surrounding the display text from all four sides make it look bright and attractive in the night. The animation and display controller circuit consists of only three discrete logic ICs (two 74HC595 shift registers and one 74HC14 inverting Schmitt trigger), while the LED driver is made of transistor arrays. Step 1: LED math and driver circuit First we will see how to construct the LED sign board. The text message on the signboard is “MERRY XMAS”. Each character is made up of red LEDs (5 mm diameter) connected in series and parallel fashions. The forward voltage of a RED LED is around 1.9 V. Most 5mm LEDs operate close to their peak brightness at a driving current of 20 mA. In this project, I am limiting current through my LEDs to 15 mA and they still glow pretty bright. So, all of my calculations are based for 15 mA current through the LEDs. I found the forward voltage across my LEDs is about 1.95 V. Calculating the value of the series resistor for an LED is simple. Suppose, if you want to drive a LED through a 5 V power source, you need a resistor of value (5-1.95)V/15 mA = 203 Ω to limit the current to 15 mA. The closest available resistor (on the higher end) is of 220 Ω. Now, let’s see how to make display letters with LEDs. The LED connections for the first character of the signboard (MERRY XMAS) is shown above. 17 LEDs are used in creating 'M'. If you have to drive each LED through a 5V supply, you require 17 series resistors, and the current will sum up to 17×15 = 255 mA. If you add up the current requirements of other LED characters in the signboard, the net current would go up to 2 A, which is quite a bit of current and you probably need a bigger heat sink for your voltage regulator. So I thought of doing it differently that would lower the net current consumption in the project and also save me from soldering to many resistors and transistors. This can be done by using a higher supply voltage. I used a power supply unit from one of my old printers that provides +32 V, +16V, and ground to its 3 output pins. The +32 V is used to drive the chain of LEDs connected in series, and +16V goes to an LM78L05 IC to derive +5V regulated output for the control circuit. By doing so the net current required to drive all the LEDs in a chain is same as required for a single LED as they are in series, and therefore, only 1 resistor is required per chain. The picture above shows how I constructed the character 'M'. With +32 V, I can only drive up to 16 red LEDs in series, and the letter ‘M’ in the sign consists of 17 LEDs. So I have to divide it into two chains of 9 and 8 LEDs, as shown here. For the first chain, the value of the series resistor would be, R1 = (32.0 – 1.95 x 9) V/15 mA = 963 Ω. I used 1 K for this. Similarly, for the second chain of 8 LEDs, the estimated resistor value is R2 = 1.1 K. The anode terminal is connected to 32 V supply whereas the cathode is connected to the collector of a NPN transistor (BC547). The transistor acts as a switch with a control signal applied to its base terminal through a resistor. Whenever the control signal is HIGH, the switching transistor is turned on and all the LEDs will glow to display ‘M’. This whole process is repeated for constructing other LED characters in the signboard. The series resistor values are calculated in exactly the same way by considering the number of LEDs in each of the chains formed. The attached table shows the number of LEDs, number of chains, and the value of series resistor used for constructing each LED character.

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The world’s first lab-grown beef burger was served to several taste testers Monday in London, who tepidly declared it “close to meat.” Virtually every media outlet has focused on the fact that the burger was “the most expensive in the world,” as it cost more than $300,000 to grow and knit together 20,000 strands of beef protein from cow stem cells. Indeed, scientists have a long way to go to make test tube meat more affordable — not to mention more delicious. But while $300,000 is a significant chunk of change for a burger, few Americans are aware that their conventionally-made $3 Big Mac conceals an expensive production process of its own. Leaving aside the current meat industry’s exorbitant environmental costs — the primary motivation for the test tube burger — simply feeding a single beef cow can average around $494 over its lifetime. That’s not including maintenance, housing, slaughtering, processing, and shipping costs. To put this figure in context, a single hamburger usually contains the flesh of 100 cattle. Of course, these prices vary based on geography and farm size. However, one estimate from the book “Diet for a New America” found that the creation of a single hamburger patty uses enough fossil fuel to power a car for 20 miles. A pound of meat also requires 2,500 gallons of water; to compare, a pound of wheat requires about 25 gallons. The federal government helps hide an enormous portion of these costs through agricultural subsidies that have made corn and soy the cheapest feed for cattle. Feed is one of the biggest expenses, as cows need to consume huge amounts in order to gain weight — about 20 pounds of grain for a single edible pound of meat. Water subsidies for farmers have also made meat production much cheaper. One calculation found that, without water subsidies, hamburger meat would cost $35 a pound. Climate change, however, is throwing a wrench into the meat industry’s status quo. Hotter, longer droughts have pushed up the cost of feed, which led ranchers to cut their herds, which plunged beef production to a 21-year low this year. This chain reaction will soon reach the average American meat-lover, who will have to shell out more money for their hamburgers than they’re used to.

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Hot answers tagged symbols The usual TeX convention is that two hyphens in a row generate an en-dash, while three generate an em-dash. Consecutive em or en-dashes appear to form a solid line, although it is formed by distinct characters. However the hyphen does not combine, so if the number of hyphens is a multiple of three or one less than a multiple of three, you get a solid line. ... Just don't do this. two -- ligature to an n-dash and three --- ligature to an em-dash so if you have a multiple of three - you have a row of em dashses which may or may not have white space between them depending on the font. use a \rule or \hrulefill to make a line. The package amssymb provides the filled lozenge symbol $\blacklozenge$ similar to the filled diamond. Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible

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The Family That Plays Together Stays Together? “Get off the computer and go play outside.” So go the words heard in homes around the country as parents and children clash over the social benefits of video games. But parents needn’t worry so much, according to Dr. Cuihua (Cindy) Shen, an assistant professor of Emerging Media and Communication at UT Dallas. Her recent research article in the Communication Researchjournal argues that online games can actually bolster family communication. “Even though most people think that spending large amounts of time playing online games can be harmful to one’s social life, if people play online games with their existing friends and family, game play could actually enhance their social experiences,” Shen said. “An online game thus becomes an additional venue, albeit virtual, for socialization.” Shen surveyed more than 5,000 gamers about how they use the Internet, their specific activities in the virtual world and their psychosocial well-being for the article, “Unpacking Time Online: Connecting Internet and Massively Multiplayer Online Game Use With Psychosocial Well-Being,” co-written by Dmitri Williams. According to the study, online games engage 76 percent of all teens and 23 percent of all adults in the United States. Of these games, networked games known as massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) are growing in popularity. The content of these games is based largely on social interactions, which supports the argument that new technologies create social augmentation, as opposed to displacement: “Not only could the Internet enhance one’s everyday communication with family and friends locally and over a distance,” wrote Shen, “it could also enlarge one’s existing social network by bringing together people with shared interest and values in virtual communities.” However, there are many who feel video games create time displacement, causing users to spend more time in virtual worlds and thus becoming physically and socially disengaged. But MMOs can also “foster informal sociability and cultivate virtual communities,” according to Shen, and her article illustrates more and more gamers are playing with family and friends they already know online, as opposed to playing with new acquaintances in the game. This helps strengthen the sense of family community, which many didn’t believe possible from the Internet. Shen addressed this dichotomy thusly: “Whether Internet and MMO use were associated with negative or positive outcomes was largely dependent on the purposes, contexts and individual characteristics of users. The Internet is a comprehensive technology that affords a wide range of functionalities. MMOs also offer extensive opportunities for exploration, socialization and achievement. To a certain extent, both the Internet and MMOs are what you make of them.”

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October 23, 2012 Clearer Picture On African Human Expansion Revealed Brett Smith for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online One of the biggest sticking points in the scientific debate over the story of human evolution and eventual diaspora from Africa has been how it is told from two opposite sides of the scientific spectrum–the clinically-based genetics community and the field-based anthropological community.The debate has caused some sniping over the years due to conflicting theories. But now, a group of geneticists from Stanford University set out to reconcile some of those differences through a comprehensive literature review published in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). "People are doing amazing genome sequencing, but they don't always understand human demographic history" said co-author Brenna Henn, a postdoctoral fellow in genetics at the Stanford School of Medicine. "We wanted to write this as a primer on pre-human history for people who are not anthropologists." The geneticists were able to show how the outward expansions from Africa that occurred between 45,000 and 60,000 years ago can be correlated to historical changes that can be drawn from genetic evidence. "The basic notion is that all of these disciplines have to be considered simultaneously when thinking about movements of ancient populations," said lead author Marcus Feldman, a professor of biology at Stanford. "What we're proposing is a story that has potential to explain any of the fossil record that subsequently becomes available, and to be able to tell what was the size of the population in that place at that time." In the review, the geneticists noted that human expansion into every inhabitable zone on Earth has been accompanied by a loss of genetic diversity that they attribute to what they call a “serial founder effect.” This effect was the result of the migration of small groups that established unique settlements with a limited gene pool. It can be seen in “the genetics of human parasites, morphology, and linguistics,” according to the review. "If you know something about the demographic history of populations, you may be able to learn something about the reasons why a group today has a certain genetic abnormality — either good or bad," Feldman said in a news release. "That's one of the reasons why in our work we focus on the importance of migration and history of mixing in human populations.” “It helps you assess the kinds of things you might be looking for in a first clinical assessment,” he added. “It doesn't have the immediacy of prescribing chemotherapy — it's a more general look at what's the status of human variability in DNA, and how might that inform a clinician." According to the review, this history gave rise to the two types of genetic variation in humans: genomes from African subcultures, which retain an exceptional number of unique variants, and populations living outside of Africa, which contain less unique genetic variants. The identification of these two categories is relevant for mapping genotypes to phenotypes and for inferring the power of natural selection in human history, the geneticists wrote.

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Star formation is a seriously gorgeous business. Just look at Gum 41! That picture above is from the European Southern Observatory’s MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope in Chile (wanna see the ginormous 4,000 x 4,000 pixel version? Yes. Yes, you do.). It used filters that more or less mimic what the eye sees, with an added filter that only lets through the light of warm hydrogen gas—that’s the pervasive red glow in the nebula. Gas like that is a pretty good sign that somewhere nearby, stars are being born … and it’s hard to miss that blue one right in the center of the roughly circular nebula. That star is called HD 100099, and it’s actually two stars in a tight orbit (far too small to be separated on the scale of this picture). Both stars are monster O-types, meaning they are far, far more massive than the Sun, far hotter, and ridiculously brighter. Either one would be enough to light up the gas around it, but both together blast the gas with vast amounts of ultraviolet light. This heats the gas up, exciting the atoms in it, which respond by glowing with that characteristic and quite lovely red hue. What results is a classic shape called a Strömgren sphere, named after the astronomer who worked out its physics. The overall shape is roughly spherical, because the edge is defined where the light from the central stars weakens enough that it can no longer excite the gas. There is gas outside that region, but it’s not lit up so we can’t see it. Not only that, but both stars blow out a fierce wind of subatomic particles, like the solar wind but much more powerful. This carves a cavity in the center of the gas, an expanding bubble snowplowing the material outside it. If you look more closely at the center region you see bright ridges where the wind slams into the surrounding gas, compressing it and making it glow even more brightly: Together, these processes give this cloud a shape something like a flower, but one a dozen light years across and thousands of light years away. The nebula was discovered by astronomer Colin Gum (hence the name) and is part of a much larger complex of star-forming gas called IC 2944, also called the Running Chicken Nebula, due to an apparently drug-induced interpretation of the shape looking like the jogging fowl. Interestingly, I thought it was part of the foot, but I’ve seen others say it’s the chicken’s wingtip. I suppose Gallus domesticus is in the eye of the beholder. Anyway, as you can see, the whole region is littered with glowing gas. It takes massive, hot stars to excite gas like that, and those kinds of stars don’t live very long—a few million years at most. Compare that to the 4.6 billion year age of the Sun and you can see why we call them “young.” And that’s how we know to look for red gas when we want to find stellar nurseries! They’re like neon signs (literally) pointing us to the youngest stars in the galaxy. If you’re looking for amazing science, big red nebulae are what you can look for. And if you’re looking for beauty, it’s the same. But that’s true for so much of astronomy, and one of the many reasons I love it.

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Before, in front of and opposite As a preposition, before shows times. In front of shows place. I must reach home before 8 o’clock. (NOT I must reach home in front of 8 o’clock.) I have to finish the job before Monday. The car is parked in front of the school. (NOT The car is parked before the school.) Before can refer to place in a few cases. For example, we can use before to talk about the order in which people or things come in queues, lists, written documents etc. Hey, I was before you! / I was in front of you. Your name comes before mine in the alphabet. We use an article before a singular countable noun. Before can also mean ‘in the presence of’. He was brought before a judge. Also note the expressions ‘right before one’s eyes’ and ‘before one’s very eyes’. It happened right before my eyes. We do not use in front of to mean ‘across a road / river / room etc from’. This idea is usually expressed with opposite. There is a studio opposite my house. (= The studio is on the other side of the road from my house.) There is a bus stop in front of my house. (Both bus stop and house are on the same side of the road.)

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|On Six Legs By Tom Turpin The term “globalization” is widely used to describe what is happening to the world in the first decade of the 21st century. It is all about technological, economic and cultural exchanges made possible by modern communication and transportation. The result is more trade, investment and migration among countries than ever before. For a variety of reasons, not all humans think that globalization is the greatest thing since sliced bread. One disadvantage of human globalization is that it has become easier and easier for insects to tag along. Hitchhiking insects can mean that some of the stowaways end up staying. Over the years, a few species of globetrotting insects have become major pests here in the United States. Insects, like all other animals, have a biological imperative to move. Such movement allows animals to establish populations in areas where they have never been found before. In ecological terms, this means the animal has increased its range. In some instances, animals move back into areas where their populations were once found but, for some reason, no longer exist. Examples include areas where floods or volcanic eruptions eliminated animal populations. Insects move by crawling, walking or flying. Crawling and walking are not good ways for small insects to cover long distances. Flying, on the other hand, can allow insects to travel long distances. The monarch butterfly can fly up to 3,000 miles as it moves from summer breeding grounds in Canada to the mountain locations in Mexico, where it spends the winter. But, in the insect world, the annual trek of monarch butterflies is the exception to the rule. Most insect travelers, even if they use the power of flight, do not travel long distances. To most insects, far from home is a matter of feet or yards, not miles. Insect flight that covers long distances, including the marvelous journey of the monarch butterfly, is often wind-assisted. A few insect species even fly skyward in a biological process known as “towering” and end up being carried by weather fronts. These insects are kept aloft by the wind until they are dumped like rain hundreds of miles from where they began the journey. Many small insects, such as leafhoppers and aphids and even a few larger moths, get to see the old U.S.A., not in a Chevy, but courtesy of one of nature’s zephyrs. Some insects have managed to travel long distances by tagging along with humans. Insect globalization has been a team effort, sometimes on purpose. For instance, the well-known honey bee was carried to North America from Europe by early settlers. The honey bee has been a valuable introduction. The gypsy moth was also intentionally transported to our shores. This insect was imported from Europe in 1869 as part of an experiment to improve silk production in the United States. The experiment didn’t pan out, the insects escaped their confinement, and the French researcher who brought gypsy moths here went home. It is a similar story with the Africanized honey bee. But, this time, the story began in Brazil. After their escape, the bees began moving northward and are now found in the United States in the Southwest and in Florida. But, mostly, insect travelers arrive by accident. Take that scourge of the lawn and garden, the Japanese beetle. This insect arrived in New Jersey about 1916 as grubs in the soil around nursery rootstocks coming from, you guessed it, Japan. Since then, it has been westward ho under its own power and, on occasion, hitching a ride on cars, trains and even planes. The European corn borer showed up in broomcorn from Italy or Hungary, probably about 1908. Hessian flies, pests of wheat, came ashore in straw bedding used by Hessian troops during the Revolutionary War and were first noted in Long Island in 1779. The Anopheles mosquitoes that are the vectors of malaria and the organism that causes the disease came to America on slave ships. More recently, the emerald ash borer arrived in the port of Detroit in 2002. The insect arrived as larvae, coming from the Orient in wooden ballast, which was dumped onto shore after the ships were unloaded. These insects emerged and infested ash trees in the vicinity. Now, by expanding their range, the emerald ash borer is a threat to all ash trees in the United States. Hey, globalization is not just a human thing. This farm news was published in the March 15, 2006 issue of Farm World.

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- Join / Donate Science4Society Week 2016 Science4Society Week is a set of inspiring science education activities for young people. The activities focus on the positive contribution that science, design and technology can make to peace, social justice and environmental sustainability. Science4Society Week 2016 ran from 14th to 20th March. - Read the Review of Science4Society Week achievements including photos - Read on for an outline of our key activities... This year’s activities included: This was an opportunity for young people to apply their creativity, curiosity and imagination to design an eco-community. You can still download the following information: Resources - interactive lessons on science, technology and ethics. Schools and children can take part in an exciting range of classroom activities under the headings of Energy, Water, Food, Industry, Buildings, Transport and Healthcare. The activities include debates and discussions, problem solving and practical activities. If you would like to use these resources, they can be downloaded here - community-run renewable energy projects, including hydro, solar and biomass systems; - super-insulated eco-homes; and - innovative sharing schemes, such as cohousing and car clubs. For further information on our activities and how to get involved, please contact us. - Links to similar resources provided by other organisations are listed here As a matter of policy, SGR accepts no funding from arms or fossil fuel corporations, which fund a lot of science education activity in the UK. If your organisation would be interested in funding/sponsoring future years, please contact us.

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October 02, 2012 - callous (adjective) - What does it mean? - 1 : being hardened and thickened2 : having calluses - How do you use it? - Despite a summer of going barefoot almost all the time, our callous feet were back to their soft pink selves by early October. - Are you a word wiz? "Callous" is a word that's gotten thicker over the years. By that we mean it's grown meanings—one of which we haven't told you about yet. Which of the following do you think it is?It wasn't hard to pick out answer C, was it? While callous skin has been hardened and thickened and actually has calluses, callous people are hardened so that they don't feel or show sympathy for others. Hey—did you notice anything funny spelling-wise in that last sentence? Today's Buzzword, the adjective "callous," is spelled with an "-ous," but the noun "callus"—which usually refers to a hard, thickened area on someone's skin—is spelled with just "-us." This is because of the words' Latin ancestors: both English words originally come from the Latin word "callus," but our adjective "callous" also had a Latin form "callosus."

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We have a Lift Off Students Study Newton's Laws |Kameron Perkins and Stacy Clarke.| Duane Merrell's two physics classes are learning Newton's Laws. In particular, the laws of force, mass and acceleration. The students built rockets and figured the weight of the components to achieve maximum distance. This required the review of last semester's motion equations. The winning rocket was built by Trevor Blackwell with a distance of 193 meters. "The secret is to say 'physics' before you launch and build the rocket in less than five minutes," Blackwell advised his classmates on his victory.

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Douglas spirea (Spiraea douglasii), a shrub belonging to the Rose Family, is native to Western North America. Naturally growing along streambanks and lake margins and in wet meadows from low to middle elevations, Douglas spirea is a favorite of gardeners and as a result has naturalized in several Central States. Able to hybridize with several other Spiraea species, Douglas spirea is a highly variable plant. It prefers a sunny, wet location yet once established can withstand dry conditions and drought. Douglas spirea is an erect, leggy, branched plant that grows up to two meters in height and tends to form thickets. The dense spirea thickets provide habitat for birds, amphibians and small mammals. Bees, butterflies and other insects are attracted to Douglas spirea flowers. The alternate, deciduous Douglas spirea leaves are oblong and toothed above the middle of the leaf. The upper side of the leaf is dark green while the underside is pale and sometimes is a woolly grey. The pink to rose flowers have five petals and are tightly clustered into a terminal inflorescence that is longer than it is wide. The stigmas protrude above the petals and give the flower cluster a “fuzzy” appearance. The fruits (small, pod-like follicles) remain on the shrub long after the leaves have fallen. Steeplebrush, Western spirea and hardtack are other common names for Douglas spirea. Formerly this shrub was classified as Spiraea menziesii. These specimens were growing above the falls along Burney Creek in Burney Falls State Park (CA). Matt: Here is another “Douglas” for you. Over 80 plants and animals are named after David Douglas (1799-1834). Douglas was a Scottish botanist who made three separate North American expeditions to catalog the fauna and flora. Many of his discoveries bear his name.

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How to celebrate cultural festivities in multicultural classrooms - Reading time: 3 minutes Image: Tucker Good / Unsplash.com How can schools reconcile their cultural celebrations with a multicultural student body? Towards the end of the year, this debate has become so lively that, across the Atlantic, it has come to be known as the December dilemma. But it is just as present in Europe, where marches, songs and Santa’s helpers have all been put under the microscope. In the Sinterklaas festivities that take place in the Netherlands and Belgium, Santa is aided by Black Pete, whose racially stereotyped characteristics are worrying to a number of parents and principals. In Finland, concerns have arisen around traditions that feature displays of Otherness or religious elements like school hymns. In Greece, mandatory student participation in the national parades has alienated some Jehovah’s Witnesses, since it clashes with their pacifism. How can we learn to live with our differences in a pluralistic society? Research points to several strategies: - Studies highlight that teachers must be trained and supported to implement inclusive policies. According to the Ministry of Public Education in Italy, “this does not mean training teachers to respond to ‘special’ needs – on the contrary, they must get used to reading the overall school context as marked by difference” - Staff members of different backgrounds need to cooperate to improve intercultural understanding - Instead of cutting off elements that one or more children are not “allowed” to see, teachers may draw attention to the diversity of worldviews - Teachers may need to be more aware of exclusionary practices they may accidentally engage in, or of ones that children themselves may be involved in - Differences among children should be taken into account; teachers in Riitaoja and Dervin’s study were surprised that some Muslim students could not attend dances or Easter activities, while others could - Differences between children and adults should also be considered; for instance, Dutch children seem to view Black Pete more as a fantasy figure than a racial stereotype More importantly, schools and teachers should strive for a holistic approach to intercultural education. By focusing on “heroes and holidays”, we run the risk of essentialising or exoticising minorities. It seems that multi-ethnic food parties and multi-faith calendars should supplement, not replace, the goals of restructuring school curricula, improving the relational climate, and promoting equity.

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Public Speaking Chapter Sixteen. Understanding Principles of Persuasive Speaking. Persuasion Defined. Efforts to persuade you occur at an average rate of once every 2 ½ minutes per day. Persuasion is the process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior. Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. Understanding Principles of Persuasive Speaking

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The late Kenyan environmental activist Wangari Maathai once said, “We need to promote development that does not destroy our environment.” The environment gives humans physical sustenance for every-single day at the same time allowing us to shape it. It is because of the environment that we are able to survive, strive for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth. With the acquisition of new knowledge, technological advancements and research we have acquired the ability to transform our environments, sometimes for the best and unfortunately at time for the worst. Today we commemorate the World Environment Day, a day in which we aim to encourage worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment. “Connecting People to Nature”, the theme for World Environment Day 2017, implores us to get outdoors and explore nature, to appreciate its beauty and importance, and to take forward the call to protect the Earth. This year’s celebrations come after the announcement by the United States of its decision to pull out of the Paris Agreement. Paris climate accord and Paris climate agreement, is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The U.S.’s decision to pull out is despite the fact that the country is the world’s biggest polluter. Writing for All AFRICA, Wanjira Mathai says, “With or without the US, countries will push ahead with their own pledges to bring down carbon emissions and pursue alternative sources of energy.” Activists and leaders across the continent have also condemned U.S. President Donald Trump’s move, which they say will hurt Africa particularly in agriculture, the biggest source of many people’s livelihoods. In a 2013 interview with the South African Broadcasting Cooperation, Najia Bounaim of Greenpeace said, “African governments face several challenges in implementing environmental protection mechanisms. Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from some serious environmental problems, including climate change, water pollution, coal mining, nuclear waste, deforestation, overfishing and industrial agriculture…” Bounaim also indicated that about 180 million people in the region alone could die as a result of climate change by the end of the century. Furthermore, a recent study of 30 African countries by the Washington DC-based think tank, the Brookings Institution showed that two-thirds are warming faster than the world as a whole. We have unpredictable rainfall patterns, lower crop yields, soaring food prices and dwindling natural resources which are already causing increased human migration, tension and conflict. The report also indicates that some countries such as Ghana, Ethiopia, Morocco, and South Africa have been taking climate change issues seriously in national development planning and other countries could learn from them. How can African governments protect the environment? The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) says there is a strong link between poverty and degradation of natural resources. Land degradation and desertification contribute to increased poverty, insecurity and the deterioration of the lives of African people. On the other hand, the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development states the resolve “to ensure the lasting protection of the planet and its natural resources”. In particular, Goals 14 and 15 focus on protecting under water and on land ecosystems. Here are some of the suggested solutions by Conserve Africa: - Promoting organic agriculture, combining traditional agriculture and utilising both traditional and scientific knowledge, based on appropriate agro-ecosystem management rather than on external inputs that famers cannot afford. - Researching and promoting natural resources, biodiversity and crops that are best suited to higher temperatures. - Developing alternatives to reduce reliance on biomass and to introduce clean energy in rural areas, dissemination of energy efficient tools, introducing fast growing energy trees and training in agroforestry. - Increasing public awareness of environmental concerns, and the influence they have as citizens and consumers.

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Chicken soup, vitamin C, gargling with salt water, herbal teas, heating pads… Most of us know at least a few non-pharmaceutical ways to feel better when we’re sick or hurting. VocabNetwork’s Natural Remedies studylist showcases some of the more unusual ways that nature can treat what ails us. Human beings have known for millennia about the psychedelic properties of magic mushrooms, using them for ritual and recreation. Now, research has found that these “shrooms” can alleviate (make more bearable) pain in cancer patients. Some even say they lose their fear of death after the experience! Medicine from shark tissue? Believe it! Scientists have discovered a compound in sharks called squalamine that works as a potent antiviral. The efficacy (ability to produce the intended result) of the compound of fighting chronic infections is remarkable, and could prove useful in many hospitals. Cockroaches are usually thought to spread disease not fend it off (defend somebody or something from harm). However, newly-discovered chemicals in the brains of cockroaches have been found to kill E. Coli and even MRSA (a strain of staph infection resistant to antibiotics). One potential remedy known for its surprising antibacterial properties is Manuka honey from New Zealand. Ancient cultures saw it as a kind of panacea (hypothetical remedy for all ills and diseases) due to its ability to treat a variety of ailments, from colds and flus to wounds and rashes. Would you be open to an unusual type of treatment, like magic mushrooms, if you had terminal cancer? What kinds of natural remedies do you use?

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In this episode of EdTech in the Classroom, we welcome Natalia Ulianets from SelfCAD on the podcast to discuss their pretty awesome 3D modeling application. SelfCAD is an online 3D Modeling and Slicing program that allows students to create amazing physical structures no matter what platform they are using. In this episode, you will learn: - How to get started using a 3D Printer - How to start your students with 3D Cad design - Using the video tutorials on SelfCad.com Follow our Podcast - The TeacherCast Educational Broadcasting Network | @TeacherCast Follow our Host - Jeff Bradbury | @JeffBradbury SelfCAD’s mission is to ensure that 3D design and printing is accessible to everyone. Of course, this includes professional designers; but it also includes hobbyists and students who have little to no prior experience using CAD/CAM software. In addition to its ease-of-use, SelfCAD’s incredibly low entry price point ensures that it is accessible to all.SelfCAD is an online, browser-based CAD/CAM platform which allows the user to model, sculpt, slice and print online. Furthermore, users do not have to spend months learning a range of complex software, nor pay hundreds of dollars for the privilege. Users can create and print objects in a fraction of the time that would be required with traditional CAD/CAM software programs. About our Guest Natalia Ulianets is the Project Manager of SelfCAD. Natalia has been working for SelfCAD for almost three years, she plans, schedules and oversees all phases of the project. Prior to becoming a project manager, she was the QA engineer on the project. Natalia holds a bachelor’s degree in Applied Mathematics. In her spare time, she enjoys traveling, scuba diving and photography. Join our PLN Are you enjoying the TeacherCast Network, please share your thoughts with the world by commenting on iTunes today? I enjoy reading and sharing your comments on the podcast each week. Let’s Work Together - Host: Jeff Bradbury @TeacherCast | @JeffBradbury - Email: firstname.lastname@example.org - Voice Mail: http://www.TeacherCast.net/voicemail - YouTube: http://www.TeacherCast.net/YouTube - iTunes: http://www.TeacherCast.net/iTunes Check Out More TeacherCast Programming - TeacherCast Podcast (http://www.teachercast.net/tcp) - Educational Podcasting Today (http://www.educationalpodcasting.today) - The TechEducator Podcast (http://www.techeducatorpodcast.com) - Ask The Tech Coach (http://www.AskTheTechCoach.com) View LIVE Professional Development from TeacherCast - Join us LIVE every Tuesday at 8:00 PM EST: http://www.TeacherCast.tv

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Need a presentation for Remembrance Day 2018? This powerpoint explains Remembrance Day in a child-friendly way and is appropriate for young children (Early Years/KS1). It contains 13 slides, plus notes, on the meaning of peace, Armistice and Remembrance Day. Looking for further assemblies? Try these: - SMSC plan and presentation - Social - SMSC plan and presentation - Moral - SMSC plan and presentation - Spiritual - SMSC plan and presentation - Cultural - Assembly plan and presentation - Hope I hope your children enjoy the assembly. Don’t forget to leave feedback so I can improve what I do - or make more of what you love! Follow me on TES to be notified when new products are uploaded.

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Origin of vigesimal Examples from the Web for vigesimal Historical Examples of vigesimal It counted by units and scores; in other words, it was a vigesimal system. This long cycle was an application of the vigesimal system to their reckoning of time. The last of these scales is an unusual combination of decimal and vigesimal.The Number Concept Levi Leonard Conant Associated words: vicenary, vigesimal, vigesimation, icosahedron.Putnam's Word Book Louis A. Flemming As the latter is due to finger-reckoning, so the use of the fingers and the toes produced a vigesimal scale.

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Ed reformers, including path-breaking scholars Terry Moe and Paul Peterson, championed digital instruction as the way of the future. Teaching courses online has enormous potential appeal. Instruction could be better customized to match student needs, abilities, and learning-speed. Online courses could achieve greater economies of scale, producing desperately needed efficiencies. Online instruction could address critical shortages in quality teachers, substituting capital for labor. And online instruction could politically circumvent and undermine the teacher unions and their allies by opening the door to multiple, competing education providers for each student. Some of these benefits may hold true, at least for some students, but the dream of revolutionizing education with online instruction appears to have over-stated its prospects. The edtechnophiles may have missed the central task in education: motivating students to learn by creating social communities in which failure to learn would disappoint people with whom students have authentic relationships. The problem of learning is not how to provide information to students. Almost all of human knowledge is available to students at virtually no cost — it’s called the internet. Students could look up and learn anything they want right now. The trick is motivating students to acquire that knowledge. Online courses appear to be less effective in getting the average student to learn and I suspect the problem is that teaching online is less able to create social communities and authentic relationships that are necessary to motivate students. Having a human being in front of students who would be disappointed if students did not learn the material seems important and something that online instruction has not been able to simulate. Students appear to be better motivated to learn when they have an in-person, authentic relationship with a teacher and when they try to please that teacher by working hard to learn. Digital instruction or a human being on the other side of the internet may not be able to create that same relationship and motivation. There has been a fairly consistent string of studies with disappointing results from online instruction. The most of these studies, which also contains a useful literature review of past research, is by Cassandra M.D. Hart, Elizabeth Friedmann, and Michael Hill at the University of California, Davis. They examine the effects of online course-taking in California’s Community College system. Rather than summarize, I’ll let them describe their results: Using a series of fixed effects techniques, we find patterns that are strikingly similar to those found in past literature. We find that online course-taking is negatively associated with contemporaneous course performance in terms of course completion, course passing, and the likelihood of receiving an A or a B. We subject our analyses to several novel tests to determine whether selection into online courses biases these fixed effect estimates, and find that the results are likely not biased…. We find that contemporaneous student performance in online courses is generally weaker than in [Face to Face] FtF classes. The results hold whether we use college-course fixed effects, student fixed effects, or instructor fixed effects. Our results are consistent across multiple ways of measuring student performance, for students with different characteristics, and across different subject Online Course-taking and Student Outcomes 29 areas. The consistency of these results across different methods of specification and for different groups adds credence to our findings. Our results are close in magnitude to results from similar studies conducted in multiple states (Xu & Jaggars, 2011; Xu & Jaggars, 2013; Johnson & Cuellar Mejia, 2014). In addition, the coefficients’ stability and the fact that the coefficients become more negative as we add controls suggests that the degree of selection on unobservables (Altonji, Elder, Taber, 2005; Oster, 2013) would have to be substantial and in the opposite direction from selection on observables to invalidate the fixed-effect results for our contemporaneous course-taking outcomes…. We find more modest evidence that online course-taking is associated with some negative downstream outcomes as well. Our findings that online course-taking is positively associated with course repetition and negatively associated with subject persistence are stable across a number of estimation techniques; like the contemporaneous course performance results, these are consistent whether we use student, college-course, or instructor fixed effects. The subject persistence results are largely stable across student subtypes, but are non-significant for AfricanAmerican students. There is more heterogeneity across subject types; while subject persistence gaps are negative for math, humanities, and social science classes, the gap is non-significant for business classes and is actually positive for information technology courses. In all cases, however, the subject persistence gaps are much smaller in magnitude than the estimates for the contemporaneous outcomes.

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Definition of 'tension' Video: pronunciation of 'tension' Example sentences containing 'tension' These examples have been automatically selected and may contain sensitive content. Read more… I knew the evening had to come to an end, and I already felt all the tension of how we'd say goodbye. READY? (2001)Trust Samaranan to say the one thing guaranteed to ease his tension. TREASON KEEP (2001) Trends of 'tension' Very Common. tension is one of the 4000 most commonly used words in the Collins dictionary View usage for: Translations for 'tension' British English: tension /ˈtɛnʃən/ NOUN Tension is a feeling of fear or nervousness produced before a difficult, dangerous, or important event. The tension between the two countries is likely to remain. - American English: tension - Arabic: تَوَتُّر - Brazilian Portuguese: tensão - Chinese: 紧张 - Croatian: napetost - Czech: napětí vypětí - Danish: spænding - Dutch: spanning strakzetten - European Spanish: tensión músculo - Finnish: jännite jännitystila - French: tension nervosité - German: Spannung Anspannung - Greek: ένταση κοινωνική - Italian: tensione trazione - Japanese: 緊張 - Korean: 긴장 - Norwegian: spenning - Polish: napięcie niepokój - European Portuguese: tensão - Romanian: tensiune - Russian: напряжение - Spanish: tensión ansiedad - Swedish: spänning påfrestning - Thai: ความตึงเครียด - Turkish: gerginlik - Ukrainian: напруга - Vietnamese: tình trạng căng thẳng Definition of tension from the Collins English Dictionary Collins Dictionaries for Schools Our new online dictionaries for schools provide a safe and appropriate environment for children. And best of all it's ad free, so sign up now and start using at home or in the classroom. Unlock language with the Paul Noble method No books. No rote memorization. No chance of failure. Your chance to have a one-to-one lesson with best-selling language expert Paul Noble, try a FREE audio sample of his brand new Mandarin Chinese course. 13th edition of the Collins Dictionary out now! Updated with all the very latest new words and senses, this new 13th edition is an unparalleled resource for word lovers, word gamers, and word geeks everywhere. #homeoflivingenglish We have almost 200 lists of words from topics as varied as types of butterflies, jackets, currencies, vegetables and knots! Amaze your friends with your new-found knowledge! Rainbow Tree, Asymmetric Wreath, and Period Poverty: November’s Words in the News Catch up on the latest words in the news this November with Robert Groves. Join the Collins community All the latest wordy news, linguistic insights, offers and competitions every month.

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Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat or seafood and may not eat eggs or dairy foods. Vegans follow a form of vegetarianism, but consume only plant foods. Well-planned vegetarian diets have many health benefits and can provide all the essential vitamins and minerals necessary for a long and healthy life. If you choose to be vegetarian or vegan, you will need to plan your diet and make sure it includes all the essential nutrients. The most important nutrients are; - Minerals (including iron, calcium and zinc) - Vitamin B12 - Vitamin D A good source of vegetarian/vegan protein includes; - legumes, such as beans, peas and lentils - nuts and seeds - soy products, including soy beverages, tempeh and tofu, - whole (cereal) grains or quinoa In today’s workshop, I wanted to prepare something that was vegetarian friendly and loved the idea of making a tabouli style salad using a little quinoa and lots of fresh parsley, mint and spinach! Quinoa and Tofu Salad This was our last Healthy Eating Workshop for the year. Lexis Healthy Cooking Kitchen will return on the 6th January!

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“Liberty in a Soup” explore the Haitian Independence Day tradition in which Haitians partake of a pumpkin base soup known as “Soup Joumou”. Every January 1st, in celebration of their independence, Haitian families gather around the dinner table to celebrate their freedom with a soup. The film narrates and documents the filmmaker’s journey to Haiti in an effort to share a full understanding of this tradition in the context of the Haitian revolution and its role in the development of modern humanity. The story is also developed through the multi-cultural voices of some of the leading thinkers and individuals involved in the study of Haiti and Haitian history in general. During the process, the film succeeds in the telling the tale of the revolution in ways that illuminates the story of one of the most important historical events in modern human history. This documentary is a very important educational and cultural tool for fostering a better understanding of Haitian Culture and Haiti’s contribution to the advancement of humanity.

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MADISON -- Looking deep within the genes of three very different kinds of animals, scientists have found enough molecular evidence to finally fell the animal kingdom's old family tree. Writing this week in the British journal Nature, scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University of Paris, Cambridge University and St. Petersburg University in Russia report the discovery of a common genetic theme that provides powerful new evidence to firmly place nearly all animals -- from mollusks to humans -- on a simplified, three-limbed tree of life. For more than a hundred years, scientist have depended on morphology, the form and structure of animals, to determine their place on the family tree. But over the past few years, a new tree has been proposed based on comparisons of themes found in animal genes. "In the last four or five years, this tree has been totally reorganized and if you're interested in evolutionary relationships, that's really important," said Sean B. Carroll, a professor of molecular biology at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the UW-Madison and a co-author of the report in Nature. The new genetic evidence suggests that in the animal kingdom there are three primary lines of descent that first diverged from a common ancestor at least 540 million years ago, and that gave rise to most animals (with the exception of jellyfish and sponges) living today, said Jennifer K. Grenier, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Fellow, UW-Madison graduate student and a lead author of the report. The new study was based on exploration of so-called Hox genes in three distinct kinds of animals: an unsegmented marine worm related to insects, an unusual marine animal called a lamp shell, and a segmented worm related to earthworms and leeches. Hox genes comprise part of a toolbox that is central to animal development. They help organize cells into the different body parts and determine such things as number and placement of legs, wings and other appendages. By looking for, and finding, essentially the same critical organizing genes in seemingly unrelated animals, the groups from Wisconsin, Paris and Cambridge could, in essence, look far back in time and infer what critical body-organizing genes were present in a common ancestor. "The point is we're trying to find out the early history of animal evolution," said Carroll, and what we've found is that "the genetic toolbox was pretty sophisticated in the earliest animals. That toolbox has been called on and expressed in many different ways." It's possible, Carroll explained, to infer the past existence of some genes by looking at fossils, which may reflect those genes in the anatomy of the fossil animal. It is also possible to determine what critical genes were at work hundreds of millions of years ago by analyzing the genes of the living descendants of animals found in the fossil record. "When you actually look at the genes, the three-branched tree is supported," Carroll said. All of the animals involved in the new study, although from widely divergent parts of the animal kingdom, have similar Hox genes, although with slight but significant variations, said Grenier. The upshot, she said, is that an ancient common ancestor conferred these genes on animals that subsequently evolved in dramatically different directions. "Before these (modern) animals existed, these genes were around. There was a common ancestor 600 million years ago that had all these genes," Grenier said. The new, three-limbed tree simplifies the previous animal kingdom family tree by substituting one branch in place of many offshoots first suggested through anatomical comparison. "Similar (anatomical) traits don't necessarily reflect a closer relationship," Grenier explained. "We think there are fewer problems using molecular data" to map kinship among animals. One intriguing upshot of the new study and others is that scientists, through genetic analysis, may learn something about the genes of an animal for which no fossil exists. Beyond 600 million years ago, the fossil record is skimpy at best, and scientists have no clue as to what the common ancestor of all animals actually looked like. "There's no fossil. Five-hundred and forty million years ago is just about the end of the animal fossil record," said Grenier. "We don't know what (the common ancestor) looked like, but we think we know what its genes were." NOTE TO PHOTO EDITORS: High-resolution images to accompany this story are available for downloading at: http://www.

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Availability: In stock Gushing, swirling, turning, falling. Trace the course of a river from its source to the mouth of the sea using movement concepts of balance and falling, rotating, jumping and traveling. For children ages 8 to 11. Each Language of Dance® Curriculum Unit includes: a framework for the dance material, outlining the Motif symbols, movement and imagery involved, complete lesson plans, suggested music, and where appropriate, cut-out Motif symbols. All Curriculum Units should be used in conjunction with Language of Dance® Flashcards.

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This is a complete guide to primary swimming is designed to support school teachers with limited knowledge and experience of teaching swimming deliver the swimming component of the National Curriculum for key stages 1 and 2. Teachers already possess a range of skills and expertise that can be easily transferred into the pool environment and by demystifying the teaching of swimming this book allows them to teach it effectively, safely and enjoyably. Time for the planning of swimming lessons can be limited and therefore this publication will become a constant source of reference for anyone involved in teaching swimming to children aged seven to eleven. This practical guide is spiral-bound and even printed on waterproof material allowing it to be used at the poolside without fear of damage. Teaching resource for non-specialist swimming teachers. John Lawton has been involved in the teaching of swimming since 1967 and taught for 14 years before being appointed Physical Education Adviser for Leicestershire in 1981. In 1991 he took up the post of Director of Education for the National Governing Body for swimming in England (ASA) which he held for 14 years. During this time one of his main areas of work related to the training and development of teachers and coaches for all of the aquatic disciplines. Since leaving the ASA in 2006 he has been employed by the organisation on a consultancy basis for a number of projects, one of which is the development of a programme for the training of primary school teachers. How to use this book; Unit 1. Planning; Unit 2. Preparation and familiarisation; Unit 3. Starting to move; Unit 4. Face in the water; Unit 5. Learning to float; Unit 6. Submersion and aquatic breathing; Unit 7. Gliding and developing the body position; Unit 8. Developing back crawl and front crawl; Unit 9. Developing breaststroke and butterfly; Unit 10. Further development of the four strokes.

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One of the most important roles we play as parents is educating our kids about finances. It's one lesson they likely won't learn in school and that they shouldn't have to learn as adults in the school of hard knocks. The recent financial crisis underscored the need to teach children about personal finance. After all, the crisis was caused, at least in part, by people forgetting some simple lessons about money, including this one: "Don't borrow more than you can repay." You can help your kids avoid learning these lessons the hard way by teaching them to be smart about money while they are still young. Here are five important lessons to teach your kids about personal finance. 1. Money doesn't grow on trees. As anyone who has visited a grocery store with small children can confirm, kids are often confused about money. After all, they see us scan a card or press a button online and walk away with money, groceries and whatever else might be on our list. It can easily seem to them that there is an endless supply of money. It's important to explain how those cards you're using actually work. Whether they are debit or credit cards, they are tied to real money that must be earned or repaid. You can reinforce the lesson by taking them on a visit to a bank and setting up a savings accountfor them at a young age, so they can put money in and watch the balance grow. 2. Money is the reward for work we do. Young kids see adults whip out the plastic cards and may not associate the money we spend that way with the work we did to earn it. One of the best ways to teach kids about this aspect of money is to give them opportunities to earn money for their own work, whether it's doing jobs around the house, meeting their reading or academic goals or other behaviors or work your family chooses to reward. This teaches a work ethic and makes them more invested in the choices they make with that money. 3. If it's worth having, it's worth saving your money. Let's face it: Kids are constantly bombarded by cool toys and games that seem fun and exciting. It's only natural to want these things. But if we give in to every request, we are not teaching a very valuable lesson about how to get the things we want in life. The idea of saving for what we want is a critical one. In fact, a 2016 study found that one in three Americans has no money saved for retirement, according to the survey from GOBankingRates, a website connecting readers with interest rate information on various financial services. Get kids excited about the benefits of saving by providing an opportunity to save for the things that they really want. 4. Spending means making choices. One of the lessons kids need to master is the idea that if they buy something now, that means they may not have money later to buy something else. You can help them learn this lesson early by requiring that they make choices with the money they save from chores and gifts. Kids may want a Lego set and the candy next to the grocery register. Your job is to help them think about their goals so that they make a smart choice. 5. Understand the basics of credit and investing. The statistics are shocking: Nearly two-thirds of Americans don't have basic financial literacy, according to the most recentNational Financial Capability Study from the FINRA Investor Education Foundation. This leads to irresponsible credit usage and less-than-wise investment choices. As kids get older, they can learn about the difference between renting and owning, how mortgages work and how interest applies to both credit and the investing world. That knowledge will help guide their behavior as they age. It's never too soon to start teaching kids to make good choices with money. As kids get older, they'll be ready for more complex lessons about money, but these are a few that you can start teaching today.

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On January 28, 1942, the Roberts Commission, which had been appointed by President Roosevelt to investigate and report the facts relating to the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, presented its findings to Congress. Throughout its month-long investigation, the commission interviewed 127 witnesses including Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall who testified before the commission on January 19th. During his brief testimony, the commission asked Marshall about the difficulties in transmitting a warning message to General Short, the Commander of the Hawaiian Department, on the morning of December 7th, the reconnaissance operations that General Short had received orders to undertake, the communication between General Short and Admiral Kimmel regarding defense preparations for Hawaii, whether Marshall was surprised that Pearl Harbor was attacked. The final report of Roberts Commission concluded that a lack of communication between General Short and Admiral Kimmel regarding the warning of possible hostilities against Pearl Harbor, the absence of frequent and coordinated reconnaissance, the overemphasis on the defense of military installations against sabotage only, and the prevailing conviction among commanding officers that the Japanese had no intention or attacking Pearl Harbor left the army and navy less prepared than they could have been for the attack. The commission noted that Marshall had performed his duties of communicating with Admiral King about Hawaiian defense and issuing warning and orders to General Short satisfactorily and that his order to General Short to perform reconnaissance and any other necessary preparations as a defense against Japanese hostile actions clearly conveyed General Short’s responsibilities. Since the Roberts Commission’s investigation began shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor and was conducted during war time, its primary purpose was to gather all of the facts relating to the incident. After World War II was over, other more in-depth investigations into the attack on Pearl Harbor were undertaken. Not surprisingly George C. Marshall was again called to testify. Marshall appeared before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack from December 6-13, 1945, and over these days he testified for a total of 26 hours and 10 minutes. Marshall’s testimony before the Roberts Commission and other hearing boards and commissions can be found in the John W. Murphy Collection that was recently acquired by the Marshall Foundation archives. The Honorable John W. Murphy was serving as the representative from Pennsylvania’s 11th congressional district when he was appointed to Joint Committee. As a member of the Joint Committee Murphy received a complete 14-volume set of the galley proofs of the Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack published by the U.S. Government Printing Office in February 1946. In a memorandum from Seth W. Richardson, General Counsel for the Joint Committee, Richardson explained that the set of galley proofs provided to Murphy was one of only 19 that were printed. One set was given to each member of the committee and 6 of the sets were made for the use by the press. The research library staff undertook an extensive search to determine if other sets of the galley proofs could be found among the papers of other members of the Joint Committee. As the research library staff was unable to identify a set of the galley proofs as part of the collections of any other archives, it is believed that the John W. Murphy Collection may contain the only surviving set of the original 19 sets of galley proofs that were produced.If you like what you’ve read, consider becoming a member!

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Once thought long since extinct… Is the Quagga back from extinction? A zebra-like horse known as a ‘quagga’, that disappeared off the face of the earth in the 1880’s, could once-again roam the plains of Africa after a 30-year project by South African scientists. A cousin of the zebra, the quagga was labelled extinct after over-hunting by European settlers over 100 years ago. Quaggas look very similar to the modern day zebra, although the famous stripes only appear on the front half of their bodies. And unlike the zebra, they are brown along the rear half of their body. Now, a group of scientists – with the help of DNA and specific cross-breeding – have bred an animal that looks strikingly similar to the quagga. The team based at the University of Cape Town and led by Professor Eric Harley started off by analysing the final remaining quagga skins – which initially revealed the animal was a sub-species of the plains zebra. Read more here

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Eli Metchnikoff Nobel Prized scientist, 70 years ago, has discovered that in some parts of southern Europe people live much longer than elsewhere. During his research, it was revealed that the the diets of these people had large amount of clabber and its production involves a certain bacterium. Because the people who lived there regularly consumed clabber, this bacterium was constantly present in their digestive system. He named this bacterium Lactobacillus Bulgaricus. Further research has shown that even Lactobacillus Acidophilus, better known as Acidophilus, is more potent than L. Bulgaricus, as Acidophilus can survive for 10 days or longer in the digestive system. This is also important because the useful bacteria of the digestive system die within five days if they are not continuously fed with lactic acid or lactose, for example by Acidophilus. Warning: Do not exceed the recommended amount. The product is not a substitute for assorted diet and healthy lifestyle. Keep it out of reach of children. Daily recommended volume: 2 capsules. One daily dose (2 capsules) contains 15.34mg Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Notes: Keep it in a cold place, protected from radiant heat and sunlight! Pack size: 90 capsules

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ADHD kids need individualised treatment New research from The Australian National University is providing strong support for individualised assessment and treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A study conducted by postgraduate researcher Lisa Gomes looked at the nature of and differences in attention and memory between boys with the two most common subtypes of ADHD and a control group. "The two most common subtypes, ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-PI) and ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C), share clinically significant problems of inattention, but differ in their clinically significant levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity," she said. "Important differences have emerged in the literature about demographic and family characteristics, and psychosocial functioning between ADHD subtypes. Some researchers have therefore theorised that these subtypes are distinct and unrelated disorders. "Studies that have investigated the nature of the fundamental building blocks of learning – attention and memory – in ADHD have found mixed results pertaining to differences between the subtypes." Gomes said the results of her study suggested that whilst both ADHD groups showed significant impairment on the measures of attention and memory, the nature of these was more similar than dissimilar between the ADHD groups. "On attention tests, the two subtypes performed comparably with some additional selective attention impairments for the ADHD-C group and almost no differences on study measures of memory found between groups," she said. "However, examining the individualised attention and memory profiles across participants suggested a high degree of heterogeneity within both ADHD subtypes." Gomes said ADHD was a common disorder in childhood which could have a significant impact on many facets of a child’s life. "In the school context, children with both ADHD subtypes have been found to display marked problems with their learning," she said. "The heterogeneous nature of attention and memory, which are the fundamental building blocks of learning within each ADHD subtype, has clear clinical implications. It reinforces the need for there to be individualised assessment and treatment for children with ADHD in order to properly understand their learning difficulties." Source: The Australian National University Have your say... The approval of your comment is at the discretion of this article's publisher. Write your comment with the following in mind to ensure the highest likelihood of it being approved: - No promotional undertones - No use of profanity - Good spelling, grammar and layout - Check punctuation, language and missing words - No use of aggression - No unsubstantiated claims We reserve the right to remove comments at our discretion. Your name is used alongside Comments.

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At the end of an average lifetime, most folks in the developed world are responsible for producing quite a bit of waste and pollution, the problems from which many of the planet's woes can be derived. Those most concerned make efforts to reduce their personal impact throughout their lives--and now there's a way to carry that tradition on into death. One Scottish company has developed a process that quickly decomposes bodies, which may be more considerate to the environment than burying or cremation. With this technology, now your final act can be among your greenest. The procedure, called 'resomation', works very much like the natural decaying process--though what normally takes nature decades to complete, the artificial method can do in a couple of hours inside its special chamber. What's left is a pile of ash, like after a cremation, but without all the CO2 produced from it. This unique procedure may soon grow in popularity among the environmentally conscious, particularly when considering the negative impact of the most popular alternatives. The footprint left after the coffins, carved headstones and cemeteries plots are added up can be quite large, and cremations are little better. According to the BBC, firing up the furnace for a single cremation requires as much energy as the average house uses in week. Sullivan believes that resomation can revolutionize the ecological impact of dealing with In principle, [this procedure] has the benefit of requiring no space. And compared to traditional methods of cremation, has a much smaller carbon footprint because it uses eight times less energy. The alkaline hydrolysis process of resomation also offers one advantage over traditional methods that may not usually come to mind, while being priced comparably to cremation. Because the procedure only breaks down organic material inside the chamber, things like hip and knee implants will be left perfectly intact. Sullivan already imagines there could be some demand for recycling what's left behind. "They can be reused and benefit many people who can not access these medical treatment for lack of money," said Sullivan. Originally, this kind of method was developed to dispose of animals infected with Mad Cow disease, though the human application has grown in popularity. According to the BBC, resomation has been approved for use in a few states in the US and parts of Canada. Currently, the Scottish Parliament is debating whether or not to allow resomation. "Unfortunately there is no nice way to leave this world," says Sullivan, fully aware of the grim nature of his invention--but if the negative impact on the environment could be reduced by this procedure, it could be one of the nicest things you could do after you've left.

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Scientists recently discovered that Greenland sharks could live for as long as 400 years, making them the longest-living vertebrates on record by a huge margin. The previous record holder was the bowhead whale, which can live up to two centuries. Greenland sharks are world-renowned scavengers that will eat pretty much anything: whale, squid, fish, even a moose. Compared to other sharks, the Greenland is agonizingly slow, averaging a single mile per hour. It can grow to over 20 feet in length, growth can take centuries. As reported in the journal Science, researchers led by marine biologist John Steffensen from the University of Copenhagen were able to determine that Greenland sharks —also known as the gurry shark or grey shark — grew… First published at: August 12, 2016 at 12:36AM. Syndicated from: http://www.theverge.com/2016/8/11/12442782/greenland-shark-longest-living-vertebrates-mammals-science

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Vaccines today, like most pharmaceutical products, are no longer being produced or regulated in the countries in which they are used. There is an extensive international network of production and most Australian vaccines are made in other countries and licensed in the USA where vaccine manufacturers are free from liability for any harm that vaccines cause in humans. Many vaccines today are being made in China and India and the Australian government does not provide information on its Immunise Australia Program (IAP) website describing where Australia’s vaccines are made. The only vaccines that are made in Australia are some influenza vaccines and Q Fever vaccine that are made by Seqiris – a CSL company. All other Australian vaccines are made in other countries and licensed in the US before being approved for the Australian market under a different name without further testing. China and India became major manufacturers of vaccines in 2014 and they are selling vaccines on the international market. The Council for Foreign Affairs stated in 2012 that this market had expanded rapidly and regulators were over-whelmed or non-existent in these countries (Garrett CFR 2012). Whilst Vincent Iannelli, MD, claims that all vaccines that are used in the US are not made in China there is no transparent evidence that vaccines that we use in Australia are not being made in China or India. Research on the safety and efficacy of vaccines is not subjected to the same approval process as that for other pharmaceutical drugs. This is because vaccines are classified as “biologics” and not pharmaceutical drugs but this does not explain why they are tested in a different way to other drugs. Vaccines are not tested for safety using an inert placebo nor are they tested for effectiveness by demonstrating that the vaccines can prevent the disease in unvaccinated people (Medical Products Agency – Sweden 2007). Researchers use the surrogate of antibody titer to make this claim but this is a small part of a very complex immune response to pathogens. The Swedish government has stated it will not enforce mandatory or coercive policies on the population because of the serious adverse health outcomes that are associated with vaccines and because it is against the Swedish constitution. Colombia and Turkey have also taken this position. In addition, the Australian government does not have to prove that vaccines can create herd immunity in the population before vaccines are approved for use in the population (Terry Nolan 2010 – chair of the ATAGI vaccine advisory board from 2005-2014). Hence the Australian government is claiming it is everyone’s responsibility to vaccinate with every vaccine that is recommended without having this evidence. Yet we do have evidence that the chemicals in vaccines will harm many children because of their individual genetic make-up. The fact that the effectiveness of vaccines has not been proven in controlled clinical trials by observing that unvaccinated people do not get the disease is stated on the vaccine package inserts for many vaccines. Your doctor can provide you with these package inserts that also list the 158 serious adverse health outcomes that have been associated with vaccines for decades due to the chemicals in vaccines (Institute of Medicine).

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Issue Date: October 26, 2015 | Web Date: October 20, 2015 Understanding Of Bacterial Protein’s Defense Strategy Could Lead To Antibiotics Bacteria have evolved molecular strategies for regulating the export of toxic metals from their innards. Two independent studies now pinpoint the details of one of these strategies, which protects bacteria from toxic copper concentrations. The work could aid the discovery of antibiotics that target this process to compromise bacterial defenses. The studies provide complementary structural and mechanistic views that reveal how a transcription factor called CueR activates or represses the gene copA, which encodes the CopA protein, a bacterial efflux pump that rids bacterial cells of copper. In August, Alfonso Mondragón, Thomas V. O’Halloran, and coworkers at Northwestern University reported crystal structures that provide atomic-level pictures of the activation and repression processes (Science 2015, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9809). And more recently, Peng Chen and coworkers at Cornell University revealed the dynamic molecular mechanisms of the two processes (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515231112). Both studies provide “an explosion of structural and mechanistic insights that show how CueR actually works,” says David Giedroc of Indiana University, an expert on transcriptional metalloregulatory proteins. The findings, Giedroc adds, are likely general and applicable to the entire family of transcription regulators to which CueR belongs. These regulators, called MerRs, help bacteria defend against oxidative stress and evade antibiotics in addition to removing copper and other metals. Scientists have known that the promoter region of copA, which is the starting point for gene transcription, has a “suboptimal” sequence that’s two base pairs too long. So when RNA polymerase lands on the promoter to begin transcription, it can’t align its recognition site perfectly with the sequence. The Northwestern team’s crystal structures show how holo-CueR—CueR bound to Cu(I)—activates transcription by kinking and unwinding the promoter, aligning it better with the RNA polymerase recognition site. The researchers’ findings also reveal how apo-CueR—CueR without Cu(I)—represses transcription by bending the promoter in a way that further impairs its ability to engage RNA polymerase productively. The Cornell researchers revealed details about CueR’s regulatory mechanism by using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The team discovered that holo-CueR drives RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter, forming a nonworking “closed” intermediate that changes quickly to an “open” complex that promotes CopA production. Apo-CueR, in contrast, drives formation of a “dead-end” complex in which the enzyme binds to the promoter in a nonproductive way. The open and dead-end complexes cannot interconvert directly. Sarah L. J. Michel of the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, a specialist in metalloregulatory proteins, notes that MerR proteins “sense metals and drugs and turn on efflux pumps to get them out of bacteria. It would be terrific if these new findings could be used to inhibit this interaction.” For example, she asks, “would there be a way to lock in the dead-end conformation, and would that then represent a new route to antibiotic drug design?” - Chemical & Engineering News - ISSN 0009-2347 - Copyright © American Chemical Society

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Nest in old-growth trees in forested areas or on ground on islands and along coasts near sea-facing talus slopes or cliffs (USFWS 2006a, Nelson 1997). Require available platforms with moss or thick substrate (Nelson 1997). Nest associated variables in Alaska were heads of bays, percent epiphyte on trees, tree diameter, presence of nesting platform, and percent cover of old-growth trees (Kuletz et al. 1995). In Prince William Sound, nests were at low elevations near heads of bays with extensive cover of large old-growth trees (Kuletz et al. 1995, Naslund et al. 1995). Along the Kenai coast, however, heads of bays were recently deglaciated and murrelet activity was highest on outer peninsulas, where forest cover was greatest (Kuletz et al. 1995). On Naked, Kodiak, and Afognak Islands, all nests were in old-growth forests on moss-covered platforms of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), mountain hemlock (T. mertensiana) and Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) (Naslund et al. 1995). Ford (1995) reported a cliff-top nest in old-growth forest in southeastern Alaska. Ford, C. 1995. Unusual marbled murrelet nest. Wilson Bull., 107(1):178-179. Kuletz, K. J., D. K. Marks, N. L. Naslund, N. J. Goodson, and M. B. Cody. 1995. Inland habitat suitability for Marbled Murrelets in southcentral Alaska. Pp. 141-150 in Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet (C. J. Ralph, G. L. Hunt, Jr., M. G. Raphael, and J. F. Piatt, eds.). USDA, USFS Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW 152, Albany, CA. Naslund, N. L., K. J. Kuletz, M. B. Cody, and D. K. Marks. 1995. Tree and habitat characteristics and reproductive success at marbled murrelet tree nests in Alaska. Northwestern Naturalist 76:12-15 Nelson, S. K. 1997. Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) In The Birds of North America, No.276 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union. USFWS. 2006a. Alaska Seabird Information Series (ASIS) Draft report. Compiled by Lynn Denlinger. USFWS, Migratory Bird Management, Nongame Program, Anchorage, AK. Available online at: http://alaska.fws.gov/mbsp/mbm/seabirds/species.htm

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In the following century, the Americans, Mexicans, and Spanish successfully ruled LA. In 1821, when Mexico achieved its freedom, the Spanish rule ended, and the city came under its jurisdiction.More information on Los Angeles By the 1840's Los Angeles California became the biggest town because of its growing business with the United States and marine businesses like seal hunting and whaling. During the MexicanAmerican War in 1846, Los Angeles and the rest of Ca became U.S. land, and Ca was considered as the thirty first state to america in 1850. The significant improvement of Los Angeles took place when the city was picked as the railroad terminus for southern California. In 1876, the Train linkage with San Francisco was finished and there was a growth in the population as thousands moved to town thanks to the accessible property, temperate climate, inexpensive transcontinental fares and unspoiled landscapes. The actual estate rapidly marched up the cost of property, but also dropped by 1887, crashing the desires of financers. But, when its market was caused by the discovery of oil in 1892 as well as agricultural developments Los Angeles continued to bloom. In early twentieth millennium, the film industry came to Los Angeles and the first movie theater was opened in 1902 and Hollywood's first film facilities in 1911. In 1923, the world famous "Hollywood" sign was improved and in 1929, the Academy Awards were inaugurated. Los Angeles grew its reputation as "Tinseltown" and gave the newcomers a chance to follow their desires by heading west. Through the 1930s, the movie industry continued to splurge, relieving those suffering from depression, which also saw new arrivals to the town, avoiding the dust containers of the Area and trying to rebuild their lives. The desert bound LA was guaranteed with continued water supply from significant infrastructure projects, in some cases creating permanent and harsh disputes over the rights to water channeled to the area further from north. The finish of the Arroyo Seco Parkway in 1940 introduced a brand new era of autos in Los Angeles. The Arroyo Seco Parkway laid the basis for the distributing mass of car culture as well as the highways, which should become a permanent part of the city's image and lifestyle. Throughout WWII (1939 45), the growing sway of the car manufacturing plants, helped defense related along with the generate the suburban growth that was going to alter the physical landscape of Los Angeles. In 1950's development in the growth of television was thought to be a risk to the movie industry but later turned out to be an economic advantage as the town became the headquarters of this popular development as well as the thriving recording business, creating its status as the amusement capital of the world. From the 1960s, the gold image of Los Angeles started to unravel as unchecked urban spread resulted in environment and societal problems. The pollution and smog from the cars and sectors were considered as serious risks to the quality of life. In September 1965, the city violence broke out in the black Watts neighborhood. More information on Los Angeles

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Steamboats Impractical in an Age of Railroads The “Golden Age” of steamboating on the Missouri River was between 1850 and 1860. The outbreak of the Civil War retarded steamboat traffic on the lower Missouri. Although it resumed after the war, it was becoming clear by the 1880s that the days of the steamboat were numbered due partly to competition from the expanding rail network. In 1890 high railroad freight rates caused some to propose a revival of steamboat traffic. The Omaha Bee on April 24, 1890, interviewed several men who had been associated with early steamboating on the Missouri. Most expressed the opinion that steamboats could not compete with railroads in freight rates. The Bee said: “Charles B. Rustin, Captain Marsh, G. W. Copeland, [and] Harry Deuel, who were in the early days engaged in this packet business on the raging Missouri, tell great stories of the troublesome times they had. They think that the changed condition of things would make it [moving freight by steamer] much more difficult sailing now.” Copeland believed “there is no use talking of river navigation nowadays above St. Louis. You can’t make it pay. . . . Missouri river navigation is very dangerous, and expensive. The channel is there for light traffic, but I have seen the best boats we had get badly stuck trying to pull two barges up stream Very often we were compelled to go ashore and tie up for three and four hours at a time.” Rustin also believed that restoring steamboat traffic to compete with railroads would be prohibitively expensive. Harry Deuel considered it a “reckless undertaking” and said: “I ran on the river six years and know something about its condition. There might be three months in the year that it would be navigable.Then, what are you going to do the balance of the time? Boats can't go up or down when there is ice to contend with and there is no use trying to make it appear that there are no sand bars. Get stuck on them as often as I have been and you'l[l] find out.” The veteran steamboat men nevertheless had some favorable memories of their glory days. Copeland recalled the “enormous rates” received for moving freight and passengers, with pilots paid from $800 to $1,000 a month. More recollections of life on the Missouri, by steamboat captain David L. Keiser, who began his career in 1856, are online at the Nebraska State Historical Society’s website, along with other articles from past issues of Nebraska History magazine. – Patricia C. Gaster, Assistant Editor / Publications

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Tocochromanols encompass a group of compounds with vitamin E activity essential for human nutrition. Structurally, natural vitamin E includes eight chemically distinct molecules: alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol; and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. Symptoms caused by alpha-tocopherol deficiency can be alleviated by tocotrienols. Thus, tocotrienols may be viewed as being members of the natural vitamin E family not only structurally but also functionally. Palm oil and rice bran oil represent two major nutritional sources of natural tocotrienol. Taken orally, tocotrienols are bioavailable to all vital organs. The tocotrienol forms of natural vitamin E possesses powerful hypocholesterolemic, anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties that are often not exhibited by tocopherols. Oral tocotrienol protects against stroke-associated brain damage in vivo. Disappointments with outcomes-based clinical studies testing the efficacy of alpha-tocopherol need to be handled with caution and prudence recognizing the untapped opportunities offered by the other forms of natural vitamin E. Although tocotrienols represent half of the natural vitamin E family, work on tocotrienols account for roughly 1% of the total literature on vitamin E. The current state of knowledge warrants strategic investment into investigating the lesser known forms of vitamin E. Tocotrienols in health and disease: the other half of the natural vitamin E family.

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The long-standing conflict in and around the regions of Jammu and Kashmir is rooted in the 1947 division of the sub-continent following colonialism. India and Pakistan continue to assert claims over its entire territory, and China also holds a large portion of the contested territories. Tensions and unresolved grievances around these historic disputes continue to feed wider regional instability and undermine efforts for demilitarisation and improved relations between India and Pakistan. Despite progress in recent years, there is continued deadlock in the peace talks and periods of heightened tensions between the two countries. This often leads to increased violence across the Line of Control (LoC). Conflict in Afghanistan also has the potential to incite violence in Kashmir. Home to over one fifth of the world’s population, the human and developmental consequences of protracted conflict in South Asia are immense. The conflict has claimed tens of thousands of lives and left many more displaced. A large number of families have also been divided as a result of the unresolved conflict and unable to visit each other across the LoC due to travel and communication barriers. The Kashmir conflict also impedes prospects for greater regional cooperation in South Asia through forums such as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Re-establishing connections across the Line of Control In 2004, a bilateral dialogue took place between India and Pakistan. Despite its slow pace, this so-called ‘composite dialogue’ presented the most recent prospect for peace. However, the Mumbai attacks of November 2008 brought this process to a halt – leaving an accusatory rhetoric that still permeates public discourse. Despite the challenges, practical advances made while the composite dialogue was active have not been reversed. These include an agreed ceasefire and confidence-building measures to allow travel and trade across the LoC. Consequently, cross-LoC trade as well as a bus service enabling people-to-people contact endure, with strong public support across Kashmir in retaining these connections. These were historic measures and allowed some divided families to reunite with their loved ones across the LoC. The links created through these channels have been sustained despite fluctuating formal relations between the governments of India and Pakistan. Deepening the peace process Despite a highly militarised standoff persisting between India and Pakistan and an erratic bilateral dialogue process at the official level, civil society in India, Pakistan and on either side of the LoC in Kashmir has continued to actively promote engagement across divides. By eliciting widespread public support for the peace process, these efforts hope to create an added impetus for formal dialogue. They also aim to ensure that official dialogue processes are responsive to the needs and aspirations of communities that bear the primary impact of the conflict. Challenges to peace In the 1990s, the conflict took a more violent form within Kashmir and subsequently threatened regional security with the potential of nuclear war between India and Pakistan. Since 2003, levels of violence have reduced. However relations between the two countries remain fragile and sporadically flare up at the LoC. The evolving situation in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Forces, and the expansion of extreme jihadist militant groups in the region (and globally), poses a threat of increased violence and extremism within Kashmir. There is a need to address a sense of frustration and alienation among the youth in the region by creating avenues for their active participation in peacebuilding processes, economic and public life. A failure to do so will risk a return to violence and unrest. Large scale floods that recently hit both sides of Kashmir could also present both opportunities and threats to building better relations and overcoming divides.

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Evidences of the courts and jails, where the convicts were detained, belonging to chieftains who ruled Batticaloa areas had been discovered. Part of a house built in 1832 and some other dilapidated buildings had been found buried in the soil. During the period of the rule of the Chieftains in Baticaloa, District Authorities of the Vannimai had established their seat of rule centering on the ancient village of Natpiddimunai. Setllement of people had spread to other villages, centering on this village. The descendants Vannimai people had lived at Poonkodiveddai (currently known as Punkodiveddai) in the ancient village, now known as Natpiddimunai. Their descendants are still living in this area. Courts complex and the jail for detaining convicts had existed here. The ruins found here include, parts of houses , walls, foundations, built with Sorikkal, beautiful windows with Artistic motifs, door frames, Doors, large logs in the roof work, and houses laid with curved tiles.

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Data can only be turned into information by statistics, but big data calls for the data science! Statistics and Probability are important parts of Data Science and you will have to be very efficient in it before you try your hands to analyse and visualize data. To brush up on some basic statistics, without dropping a load of cash on a textbook/degree, try MOOC platforms like Udacity, EDx, Coursera. They offer good statistics courses that will be very helpful for you. You need to know the following topics: - Distributions theory: You should be good with numbers and have an idea of how to implement the data in different scenarios. - Fitting: Once you know the distributions part, you have to fit it to data. - Classical hypothesis testing - Markov chains - Basic Bayesian thinking & modelling - Some old-school stats and probability theory - Regression: Linear and Non-Linear Regression - Machine learning Algorithms In order to implement the theories and conclude with the output you need to be familiar with one programming language like R or Python. Which language to choose R Vs Python, refer this link, Community Effort of StepUp Analytics Refer the Statistics blogs and articles contributed on StepUp Analytics: Link Statistics MOOC for Data Science Take up the following courses to get started with Statistics. |Introduction to Probability||edX| |Introduction to Statistics: Descriptive Statistics||edX| |Introduction to Statistics: Probability||edX| |Introduction to Statistics: Inference||edX| |Data Analysis & Statistics||edX| |Intro to Descriptive Statistics||Udacity| |Intro to Inferential Statistics||Udacity| |Data Science Maths Skills||Coursera| |Statistics.com – Data Analytics Courses||–| |Stanford’s Machine Learning Course||Stanford| You will be easily doing statistics once you are familiar with above concepts and its applications. - Probabilistic Programming and Bayesian Methods for Hackers Github / Tutorials - Probabilistic Graphical Models Stanford / Coursera Statistics for Data Science free downloadable e-books Refer the following books as they provide a strong approach to this concept with details and coding too. It will help you get a clearer idea of how to deal with statistics along with coding while with data science problems. - Introduction to Statistical Learning (R focus): Page on usc.edu - Elements of Statistical Learning (R focus): data mining, inference, and prediction. 2nd Edition. - Think Stats (Python focus): Probability and Statistics for Programmers That being said, I recommend using no single resource. Statistics is far too important to Data Science. You must master it, and like most things, that is a constant work in progress. Hope this helps! Happy learning

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By Pamala Cranfield 12 December, 2018 09:29:16 Ibanez wiring diagram http tomanualparts. Ibanez wiring diagram dimarzio realestateradio. Ibanez rg wiring diagram series. Ibanez jem wiring help jemsite within diagram. Ibanez gsr wiring diagram moesappaloosas. Ibanez guitar wiring diagrams circuit diagram maker. Ibanez bass guitar wiring diagram fuse box and. Ibanez s series wiring diagram images. Ibanez rg wiring diagram forum. Ibanez rg wiring diagram images. Ibanez way wiring question. Ibanez rg series wiring diagram for emg pickups. An electric circuit is a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. Circuits use two forms of electrical power: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). AC often powers large appliances and motors and is generated by power stations. Short circuits are circuits that get back to the power source unused or with the same power as put out. Using these usually blow a fuse but sometimes doesnt. Doing this with a battery can cause electrical fires. Such abstract concepts can be explained using analogies which use familiar words or ideas to represent the ideas which need to be conveyed. Analogies are selected which students should already be familiar with. However, no single analogy can represent all features of an electrical circuit and there are important differences between the analogies used and circuits. Instead appropriate analogies should be chosen to teach selected concepts and students should be prompted to compare analogies with circuits and identify how they differ.

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Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. As Google Apps for Education, Google Classroom, and learning management systems continue to gain in popularity, students have more and more opportunities to work with others in an online environment, provide written feedback to their peers, and communicate digitally. This does not mean, however, that they all have the skills needed to do so productively and effectively. As a result, we decided to provide our teachers with a resource to help students write better comments. After scouring the Internet for ready made resources, we found a variety of good information, but nothing that met all our needs. So we compiled what we found to create the information below.

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Tomatoes’ crystal ball reveals evolutionary secrets EAST LANSING, Mich. – Michigan State University's Robert Last studies tomatoes. Specifically, he researches their hair, or trichomes. For this study, he focused on a single type of molecule in trichomes – acylsugars. The secrets Last and a team of MSU scientists found from studying these specialized metabolites open an evolutionary window for the emerging field of plant defense metabolism, insights that could lead to engineering advances for better pest resistance and human medicine. There are an estimated 300,000 species of plants in the world, producing roughly more than a million metabolites. Plants use these molecules to grow, communicate with each other or to defend themselves against pests and disease. Humans benefit from many of these products for food, medicines and industrial uses. Thousands of core metabolites are found in every plant, but hundreds of thousands are more specialized and found only in specific groups of plants. Acylsugars are an example of a group of specialized metabolites found only in the Solanaceae family, which includes tomato and petunia plants. These specialized metabolites have a wide variety of structures and are made by different enzymes working together to carry out a series of biochemical reactions. "We sought to understand how this novel pathway originated and diversified across 100 million years of plant evolution," said Last, MSU Barnett Rosenberg Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Plant Biology and the study's senior author. "This is our crystal ball, our view into evolution." The crystal ball revealed that many of the enzymes that make acylsugars are "promiscuous," meaning that they could use a variety of molecules as starting points for their chemical reactions. This could be the key as to how the plants make a variety of acylsugars. The scientists also discovered that many of the enzymes that make acylsugars are encoded by genes that were originally copies of other genes that have subsequently evolved new roles. Deciphering these codes are important because tomatoes' acylsugars are natural pesticides. Engineering plants to produce acylsugars could reduce pesticide use in crop production. Additionally, some of these mechanisms could help make chemicals that have pharmaceutical value, including ones that treat cancer and heart conditions. "Plants are master chemists, and we're only just beginning to understand the metabolic pathways that they use to produce these amazing compounds," said Last, who's also an MSU AgBioResearch scientist. "By understanding how the pathways evolved to produce these enzymes could lead to innovative ways to make valuable compounds on a large scale." The MSU team of scientists contributing to this research included Gaurav Moghe, Bryan Leong, Steven Hurney and Daniel Jones. The paper is published in the current issue of the journal eLife. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the United States Department of Agriculture. Michigan State University has been working to advance the common good in uncommon ways for more than 150 years. One of the top research universities in the world, MSU focuses its vast resources on creating solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges, while providing life-changing opportunities to a diverse and inclusive academic community through more than 200 programs of study in 17 degree-granting colleges. For MSU news on the Web, go to MSUToday. Follow MSU News on Twitter at twitter.com/MSUnews.

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:::: Paradigms and Communication Theory :::: Human beings cannot be studied using models developed for the physical sciences because humans are qualitatively different from natural events. The interpretative paradigm supports the belief that reality is constructed by subjective perception and predictions cannot be made. Researchers who agree with this paradigm are interested in the social construction of meaning. People have free will, purposes, goals, and intentions, so people should be studied as active agents. "The basic premises are: -People make decisions and act in accordance with their subjective understandings of the situations in which they find -Social life consists of interaction processes rather than structures and is therefore constantly changing. -People understand their experience through the meanings found in the symbols of their primary groups, and language is an essential part of social life. -The world is made up of social objects that are named and have socially determined meanings. -People’s actions are based on their interpretations, in which the relevant objects and actions in the situation are taken into account and defined. -One’s self is a significant object and like all the social objects is defined through social interaction with others" ( Littlejohn, S. (2000). Theories of Human Communication. Belmont, If you are interested in reviewing a theory from the interpretative paradigm go to the Anthony Giddens and Structuration Danna Carballo, Fall 2003 New Media and New Markets @

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It is possible for students to earn high school credit prior to the 9th grade. However, certain items need to be taken into consideration. Check your state’s legal analysis to find out if your state requires a specific number of credits be taken during the 9th–12th grade years. A couple of states are very specific about the years during which credits must be accrued. Most states, however, do not specify when credits must be earned. If you are a member of HSLDA, call or email your legal assistant if you have questions regarding any such requirements in your particular state relating to earning high school credit prior to 9thgrade and how that impacts your high school plans. If your teen completes a high school course prior to 9th grade: - All course material used should be high school level or above. Many times publishers of the material indicate the grade level of the material. If you are unsure about the level of materials, you may contact the publisher of the material, search out a homeschool catalog that may provide this information, or possibly read a review by Cathy Duffy, a well-respected reviewer of curriculum. - Keep good documentation of any high school course that you show on the transcript such as materials used, titles of books, authors, and publishers. Document all concepts covered in the course (known as the scope and sequence). If you are using a high school level textbook, simply making a copy of the table of contents will suffice. Or you may use a description of the course material from a homeschool catalog or homeschool review. Determine a method of evaluation prior to beginning the course. In other words, how will you come up with a grade? Will you give tests or quizzes, will you assign papers and projects, or will you use some other method of evaluation? Record the percentages that each portion will contribute to the final grade (e.g. Tests 80%, Daily work 20%). Finally, I would suggest keeping a sample of the course work from the beginning, middle, and end of the year to show progress. No one may ever ask you for this information, but if they did you would have back up for all courses listed on the transcript. Most colleges are familiar with students taking several high school courses prior to the 9th grade year such as Algebra 1. In many cases, students who are beginning to take high school courses prior to 9th grade will keep taking courses throughout the high school years at more advanced levels, so that even if a particular college does not accept credits earned prior to the 9th grade, the student will likely have more than enough credits in each subject area. You may want to check a college’s website, or call an admissions officer at a particular college that your teen may interested in applying to in order to ask about a particular college’s policy towards early high school credits. Here are some other helpful links: In my opinion, I would limit the high school credit taken prior to 9th grade and shown on a transcript to a maximum of three core academic courses. I would tend not to show electives taken prior to the 9th grade year. As a parent, you will make the final decision on courses you show on the transcript, so please see these remarks as suggestions and food for thought. If you are a member of HSLDA and would like to chat further about your teen earning high school credit prior to 9th grade, feel free to call or email me with your questions, and I can send to you a sample of a transcript showing credits earned before the 9th grade year. I’m happy to brainstorm with you! Enjoying the spring weather on the east coast,

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Home Spelling Words Spelling Help Reimagined with Technology If your student is struggling and needs help with spelling, then you've come to the right place. Home Spelling Words makes spelling easy, and a lot more fun, than traditional alternatives. In the old days, students would sit at the kitchen table and write their spelling words over and over until they got committed to memory. We all remember how much fun we had doing that, don't we? The "magic" of this spelling website is that students get to play and learn in the process. By providing numerous ways to learn, students can experience the spelling of words from different angles. This helps to improve the experience of learning for most students. How does this work? #1 Practice Section**Requires LoginIn our practice area, students see (for a moment), hear and then type in the spelling words. If the word is not spelled correctly by the fourth try, the student is shown the word again, and they can type the word into the system correctly at that point. This exercise gives students the chance to hear and see the word. As the word slowly fades, the student focuses on it, trying to memorize it. In this way, both auditory and visual learners are served. #2 Word SearchWord Searches are a fun way for students to become familiar with their spelling list while playing a game. It teaches students the ability to visually search for patterns and to be able to recognize their own spelling words for the week. By completing the word search, the student is prompted to refamiliarize themselves with weekly spelling lists, thereby helping it to be committed to memory. We make getting spelling help easy! We have a wide variety of free pages and printable worksheets. We also have a membership that allows you to store your spelling lists and take tests online as well. You can even make your own lists of your personal hard to spell words. Take advantage of our articles with helpful tips and tricks for remembering words as well. Use sight word lists to help your student become a better reader. Lastly, use this site to create vocabulary lists.

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https://www.homespellingwords.com/educational-articles/spelling-help-with-technology

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By Jordan Hildebrand, Program Assistant For audio file, please visit kansaswheat.org. While grazing cattle on volunteer wheat may seem like a cost-effective option in a tough farm economy, not controlling volunteer may cost you, and your neighbors, down the line. Volunteer wheat is a host for the wheat curl mite, the transmitter of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV), the disease that is crippling the western Kansas wheat crop. In addition to WSMV affecting wheat, it’s common for plants infected with WSMV to also be infected with High Plains mosaic and triticum mosaic viruses. The symptoms of these diseases are nearly identical, but disease severity is greater when plants are infected by more than one virus. According to K-State Research and Extension Agronomy, six west-central Kansas counties (Greeley, Wichita, Lane, Hamilton, Kearny and Finney) are experiencing extreme distribution of wheat streak mosaic, triticum mosaic and high plains mosaic virus. Many fields in this area are severely diseased and could experience more than 70 percent yield loss, if not a complete loss. The rest of western Kansas is dealing with high distributions of these diseases while the central region is also seeing high and moderate infection levels. Losses due to WSMV depend on variety, weather, percent of plants infected and the time of infection. Infections that occur in the fall are the most damaging, with yield losses of 50 percent or more. Spring infections may cause losses closer to 20 percent. The first visible symptoms usually pop up in April on the edges of fields near volunteer wheat. Yellow streaking and mosaic patterns on young leaves and stunted tillers are some of the first signs. Symptoms worsen as the weather warms. Leaves on the infected plants turn yellow from the tip down, but usually the leaf veins remain green the longest. This gives the appearance of a striped yellow and green leaf, if the leaf is able to unfurl completely at all. While there is no chemical treatment for WSMV, there are management options to limit your risk. Controlling volunteer wheat is essential, both for yourself and your neighbors. Volunteer wheat provides a “green bridge” through the summer between successive wheat crops, and that green bridge is the perfect home for wheat curl mites, the only known vector of WSMV. The volunteer wheat must be thoroughly destroyed for no fewer than two weeks in order to eliminate the wheat curl mites. Kansas winds are the preferred mode of transportation for wheat curl mites, so volunteer must be killed within ¼ to ½ mile of a newly planted field. Another control option is to avoid early planting. It’s recommended to wait until after the “fly-free” date for WSMV control. Plant varieties with resistance to the virus or the curl mite. While no variety currently has high resistance to WSMV, many varieties do have a partial resistance. In addition, the Kansas Wheat Commission funded research into developing a trait, WSM3, that is highly resistant to both wheat streak mosaic and triticum mosaic viruses. Undoubtedly, the best method to control WSMV is controlling the volunteer wheat. Be a good steward, and a good neighbor, when making these management decisions, and you might just be rewarded with a boost of bushels on your next wheat crop.

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A major methane gas leak is under way at the Elgin wellhead in the North Sea, 240 kilometres off Aberdeen, UK. The leak started on 25 March, but according to sources at Total, the company operating the well, the gas is not coming from the gas reservoir itself, but from a newly disturbed source in the rock above. Many questions remain. Total says that until it works out the capacity of the source and the rate at which methane and gas condensate are leaking into the environment, it is impossible to say either how much gas will be released or how long it will take to block it, despite some reports putting it at six months. “We’ve got geologists working on the productivity of the horizon [reservoir] the leak is coming out of,” Andrew Hogg, a spokesman for Total, told New Scientist. “We must do some modelling to find out the rate.” Although the main reservoir itself at the base of the drill shaft is safely closed off, Hogg says, the gas from the secondary source in chalk above it is escaping by leaking into the shaft containing the drilling tubes that lead down to the main gas reservoir. Sealing the leak One option to halt the leak would be to pump heavy mud down the shaft to stop the gas, but that would require access to the platform, which is currently too dangerous because of the risk of fire. The optimal solution is a self-sealing event, in which the pressure dips as gas vents, so the leak effectively plugs itself. But the likelihood of this will depend on how much gas is in the chalk, and how chambers are connected by fractures and channels. Total has called in well-control specialists from the US. The platform was drilling for sour gas: natural gas polluted with hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, which 20 years ago would have been too expensive to extract. “It’s gas we started using as a last resort,” says Simon Boxall of the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK. The gas is purified on the platform itself, before being taken to the mainland. The major threat to the local ecosystem is the hydrogen sulphide, which is toxic to virtually all animal life. Because the leak is below the water’s surface, the hydrogen sulphide is bubbling through the sea water. This is the worst-case scenario, says Boxall, because it could lead to mass animal and plant deaths. Boxall says Total needs to monitor the water quality to see if this is happening. Much of the methane in the water will be consumed by microorganisms and converted to carbon dioxide. This will make the water slightly more acidic, but the effect will be short-lived and localised, and therefore should not cause too much harm to marine life. The volatile mix of gases means there is a significant risk of an explosion. As a result, Total have shut down the power supply on the rig, which otherwise might throw a spark. Hogg told New Scientist that the leaking methane posed no safety risks to neighbouring rigs, the nearest of which is the Shearwater rig owned by Shell, about 7 kilometres away. All three of the escaping gases are greenhouse gases, but unless the leak carries on for weeks or months, the effect on the climate is likely to be small. “The impact on climate change is not going to worry anyone,” says Boxall. “With wind and atmospheric conditions, the gas disperses and the petrol-like condensate on the surface will disperse quite quickly too,” Hogg said. In an earlier version of this story Simon Boxall compared the effect of hydrogen sulphide to Agent Orange. He has since pointed out that Agent Orange primarily affects plant life whereas hydrogen sulphide primarily affects animals, so for the sake of clarity we have removed this reference.

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https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21631-north-sea-gas-leak-venting-from-newly-disturbed-source/

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The Purple-Pincher Hermit Crab (Coenobita clypeatus, a/k/a Terrestrial Hermit Crab), is so commonly available that owners are often surprised to learn that the droll little crustaceans in their terrariums have quite unusual histories – they began life as microscopic plankton floating about in the ocean! The species most commonly seen in the pet trade ranges throughout the Caribbean, as far north as Florida and Bermuda. At mating time, both sexes emerge partially from their shells so that the female can receive the male’s sperm on her gonophores – unique organs located on her 4th pair of legs. She then remains on land carrying her fertilized eggs for a month or so before heading to the sea. In most populations, all gravid (egg-bearing) females march seaward at the same time, resulting in quite a spectacle. This may be an extensive trip, as they have been found living on hills over 3,000 feet high! Upon reaching the shore, the female Hermit Crabs enter the water and the eggs burst open immediately. The larvae, termed zoea, look nothing at all like crabs. They are invisible to the naked eye, and become part of the plankton, swirling about the sea with billions of other such creatures for 2 months or so. During that time, they go through many changes in appearance and may be carried far away from their hatching site, but most are consumed by other animals. Those that survive enter the megalopa (final larval) stage. The megalopa live on both land and in shallow water for about 1 month, then molt, take on the adult appearance, and leave the sea for good. Amazingly, most young crabs wind up in the same area where they began life – although how this happens after 2 months at the mercy of ocean currents is difficult to understand. A Long-Lived Pet, if…. Hermit Crabs are often sold as “trouble-free” pets, but actually they have very specific needs which must be met if they are to live out their 20+ year life spans. At molting time, for instance, the crabs need sea water, a substrate in which they can burrow, and the ability to avoid others lest they be consumed while the new exoskeleton is hardening. Please write in for care details. A Crustacean Behemoth I had the good fortune of caring for the Terrestrial Hermit Crab’s enormous relative, the famed 10-pound-plus Coconut Crab (Birgus latro). Please look for my future article on these largest of all terrestrial invertebrates. Please see Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda for more natural history and the interesting story of how Hermit Crabs confused scientists studying fossilized shells. Carribbean Hermit Crab image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by ZooFari Coconut Crab image referenced from wikipedia and originally posted by Mila Zinkova

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Throughout the world, indigenous rights have become increasingly prominent and controversial. The recent adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the latest in a series of significant developments in the recognition of such rights across a range of jurisdictions. The papers in this collection address the most important philosophical and practical issues informing the discussion of indigenous rights over the past decade or so, at both the international and national levels. Its contributing authors comprise some of the most interesting and influential indigenous and non-indigenous thinkers presently writing on the topic. Table of Contents Contents: Introduction; Part I Conceptual, Historical and International Context: 'Indigenous peoples' in international law: a constructivist approach to the Asian controversy, Benedict Kingsbury; 'Just backward children': international law and the conquest of non-European peoples, Paul Keal; Indigenous peoples, international institutions, and the international legal literature from 1945-1993, Chris Tennant. Part II Indigenous Rights, Liberalism and Historical Injustice: Kymlicka, liberalism and respect for cultural minorities, John Tomasi; Land, culture and justice: a framework for group rights and recognition, Jeff Spinner-Halev; Historical obligations, Janna Thompson. Part III Kinds of Indigenous Rights: Reconciling 5 competing conceptual structures of indigenous peoples' claims in international and comparative law, Benedict Kingsbury; Indigenous Political Rights - Self-Determination, Self-Government and Sovereignty: Political autonomy and integration of authority: the understanding of Saami self-determination, Else Grete Broderstad; Aboriginal self-government and the construction of Canadian constitutional identity, Michael Asch; Distributing sovereignty: Indian nations and equality of peoples, Patrick Macklem; Indigenous Treaty Rights: Sacred obligations: intercultural justice and the discourse of treaty rights, Rebecca Tsosie; Waitangi tales, Robert E. Goodwin; Indigenous Land and Natural Resources Rights: The sui generis nature of aboriginal rights: does it make a difference?, John Borrows and Leonard I. Rotman; Indigenous rights and environmental justice, Roy W. Perrett; Indigenous Cultural Property Rights: Looking beyond intellectual property in resolving protection of the intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples, Robert K. Paterson and Dennis S. Karjala; Culture, autonomy and Djulibinyamurr: individual and community in the construction of rights to traditional designs, Kimberlee Weatherall. Part IV Beyond Indigenous Rights?: Aboriginal peoples

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https://www.crcpress.com/Indigenous-Rights/Connolly/p/book/9780754624516

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Provenance: Sa Raval des Castell, Universitat de Maó (Old Town Council) Material and technique: Earthenware and pipeclay, made with a double cast Date: 18th and 19th centuries In 18th century Menorcan artwork we can see different clothing and also other items which complement these scenes. One example is this watercolour drawing by Pasqual Calbó, Los jugadores de cartas (The Card Players), featuring a group of people around a table with various different objects such as an oil lamp, some playing cards and two smoking pipes. The smoking of tobacco and the very first pipes used by the North American Indians were introduced to Europe in the 16th century. The countries who then started to make pipes were England, Holland and France. The former made pipes from white clay, which would later develop into the manufacture of the famous 18th century tobacco pipeclay. They started making pipes in Spain in the 18th century, particularly in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Basque Country. Smoking became much more common everywhere after the 19th century. Pipes were widely used in Menorca. Generally made from moulded and fired clay, they had three parts: the chamber or bowl, the shank and the heel, where the mark went. We can tell the provenance by the type of clay (red, black, white, glazed), while some also bore the manufacturer’s mark. We have evidence of red clay pipes made in local workshops both in the 18th and 19th centuries and to date, as in the case of the clay manufacturer in Ciutadella, Arturo Gener. These are simpler, although some have decorative carving on the bowls. The larger ones are known here as “galip”, deriving from the English “gallipot” (an earthenware and wicker pipe). However, it is from the Menorcan archaeological sites that we have the greatest variety of pipes, some local and others from England, Holland and Eastern countries: they have been found in Trepucó, Trebalúger, Sa Raval des Castell or from dredging in Maó harbour, among others. An example is this white pipe known as tobacco pipeclay or creamware, made from a paste of white clay and calcined flint. The name for this clay pipe originates from the cream-coloured pipes of Chinese smokers that the English manufacturers in Leeds, Derby and Staffordshire made so fashionable in the mid-18th century. Author of fact sheet: Cristina Andreu ANDREU, C.; ISBERT, F.; SANTANACH, J. (2006): Catalogació del material. Sa Raval des Castell. Consell Insular de Menorca - Museu de Menorca. CAMPS, A.; COLL, J.; GUAL, J. et al. (2000): Catàleg de les peces. La història de Ciutadella de Menorca a través dels fons ceràmics del Museu Municipal de Ciutadella. Ajuntament de Ciutadella. REIG GÓMEZ, A. (2016): “Aproximación al estudio de las pipas de fumar extraídas en los trabajos de control arqueológico del dragado del puerto de Mahón, Menorca”. El control arqueológico del dragado del puerto de Maó. Autoritat Portuària de Balears.

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https://www.museudemenorca.com/en/collection/read/ceramic-pipes/1181

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Artificial intelligence or machine intelligence is the one which is demonstrated by machines in contrast to the natural intelligence which is portrayed by humans and other animals. The theoretical definition of AI according to computer science, says “AI is defined as a study of intelligent agents ie any device that perceives its environment and takes action that maximizes its terms of successfully achieving its goals”. In a nutshell, artificial intelligence is like giving the cognitive capabilities of humans, to machines, which the machine achieve through gradual learning and problem-solving processes. The scope of AI is disputed, as machines can over time replace humans and work more efficiently. AI critics today are concerned over the fact that many projects are mostly focused on and produced as “Narrow AI“. Catching up this point, we have two of this kind: Narrow AI and General AI. Narrow AI is where we are now and General AI is something where we are heading to, probably to accomplish in the near future. IBM’s Watson is an example of a Narrow AI where Watson is programmed to perform one particular task (To beat human experts in Jeopardy!), while Sophia of SingularityNET is more of General AI, something which is more sophisticated, possessing the cognitive abilities and general experimental understanding of its environment with humans. Diversified Dataset Access for AI Development Through Blockchain Technology As we know, key features of Blockchain Technology include decentralization, transparency, high level of security, and access to the network from anywhere in the world. This technology backs up its products such as cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc. It has other payment based applications found many useful applications in various industries across the globe such as the shipping industry, food industry, health industry, etc. Image: Sophia of SingularityNET Here now we have got to see some beautiful interfaces with the collaboration of AI and blockchain. SingularityNET is one such example of a firm well specifically focussed on the same note of combination. The company is visioned on using blockchain technology to broaden the distribution of data and algorithms, which will help the development of Artificial Intelligence and the creation of first of its kind “Decentralized AI”. The company is aiming to materialize General AI which can be obtained with consistent interaction with humans of different types. This will make Sophia (the AI bot of SingularityNET) more advanced with various communication traits and the concepts of human reaction and interaction. Getting datasets together on a blockchain platform will help speed the process of Sophia’s learning. Now things must be pretty clear and you must able to differentiate and understand humanoid robots like for instance Sophia and Alexa. Image: Alexa of Amazon Blockchain networks can also be used to share more AI services there in it will encourage and allow interaction between the AI services, enhancing each others’ intelligence and creativity. Adding to all of this there are also various open marketplaces, like Ocean Protocol, which allows one to upload any kind of data. Users who want to access resources will have to pay in cryptocurrency. The main thing here is, that there is no Central party controlling the whole data system rather everyone has access to the data. By the adoption of a decentralized what are the most important thing as a customer, we will get to know is that our own data is being weaponized against us by the Companies. Trying to say that the Companies go through our browsing style, interests and make patterns which will be next time used as a marketing strategy against us, as they are pretty sure that we will click it. Blockchain Stocks has not been paid to mention any stock /company within this article nor do we own any stock in any company mentioned in this article. More information about our full disclosure can be found here – Full Disclaimer.

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|Conflict:||Siege of Kiev| |Partof:||Mongol invasion of Rus'| |Date:||November 28-December 6, 1240| |Result:||Mongol victory; Kiev captured and plundered| |Strength1:||Unknown; probably large| |Casualties1:||Unknown; not very heavy| |Casualties2:||~48 000 (including noncombatants) killed| The Siege of Kiev by the Mongols took place between November 28 and December 6, 1240, and resulted in a Mongol victory. It was a heavy moral and military blow to Halych-Volhynia and allowed Batu Khan to proceed westward into Europe. In 1237, the Mongols began their invasion of Rus by conquering the northern principalities of Ryazan and Vladimir-Suzdal. In 1239, they advanced against southern Rus, capturing the cities of Pereyaslav and Chernihiv. The next year, the Mongol general Batu Khan reached Kiev. At the time, the city was ruled by the principality of Halych-Volhynia. The chief commander in Kiev was Voivode Dmytro, while Danylo of Halych was in Hungary at that time, seeking a military union to prevent invasion. The number of defenders inside the city was only about 1,000. The vanguard army under Batu's cousin Möngke came near the city. Möngke was apparently taken by the splendor of Kiev and offered the city terms for surrender, but his envoys were killed. The Mongols chose to assault the city. Batu Khan destroyed the forces of the Rus vassals, the Chorni Klobuky, who were on their way to relieve Kiev, and the entire Mongol army camped outside the city gates, joining Möngke's troops. On November 28 the Mongols set up catapults near Kiev's Lech gates (today - vicinity of Maidan Nezalezhnosti), one of the three gates of old Kiev and where tree cover extended almost to the city walls The Mongols then began a bombardment that lasted several days. On December 6, Kiev's walls were breached, and hand-to-hand combat followed in the streets. The Kievans suffered heavy losses and Dmytro was wounded by an arrow. When night fell the Mongols held their positions while the Kievans retreated to the central parts of the city. Many people crowded into the Church of the Tithes. The next day, as the Mongols commenced the final assault, the church's balcony collapsed under the weight of the people standing on it, crushing many. After the Mongols won the battle, they plundered Kiev. Most of the population was massacred. Out of 50,000 inhabitants before the invasion, about 2,000 survived. Most of the city was burned and only six out of forty major buildings remained standing. Dmytro, however, was shown mercy for his bravery.

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Usually pockmarks. scars or pits left by a pustule in smallpox or the like. a small pit or scar: a tabletop full of pockmarks. verb (used with object) to mark or scar with or as with pockmarks: gopher holes pockmarking the field. Origin of pockmark Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2019 Examples from the Web for pockmark Historical Examples of pockmark Great sink holes, some of them six hundred feet deep and more, pockmark the surface of the land.The Elements of Geology William Harmon Norton Also called: pock a pitted scar left on the skin after the healing of a smallpox or similar pustule any pitting of a surface that resembles or suggests such scars (tr) to scar or pit (a surface) with pockmarks Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 A pitlike scar that is left on the skin by smallpox or another eruptive disease. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.

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https://www.dictionary.com/browse/pockmark

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Need something to break up the hum drum of learning diagramming? If so, this may be the perfect thing for you! The Big Bad Grammar Slammer: The Diagramming Game is a unique way to incorporate learning with fun. Students start with the tutorials, learning the sentence structure and proper diagramming process, then they get to play the game. The game can be played as an individual, a competitive group or a non-competitive group working together. This is recommended for grades 5 through 12 and consists of 95 pages. The tutorials covered are: sentence skeleton, nouns, adjectives, verb tenses, adverbs, misc sentences, and compound/complex sentences. The forty lessons can be completed in eight weeks. We were provided the ebook format, printed it off and laminated the clue cards. From their website: A light-hearted grammar curriculum that produces confident writers with correct grammar and punctuation What It Gives Your Students (and you) - Grasp how the parts of speech work - Confidence constructing complex and compound sentences - Correct punctuation - A low-stress, student-friendly, educational experience The Big Bad Grammar Slammer is particulary great for students who are burnt out trying to master seemingly non-relevant grammar terms in a workbook. What It Covers - Module A The Sentence Skeleton - Module B Nouns - Module C Adjectives - Module D Verb Tenses - Module E Adverbs - Module F Miscellaneous Sentences - Module G Compound/Complex Sentences What You Get - Instructor’s Guide – no need to purchase additional materials for the teacher - Tutorial on Grammar and Parts of Speech - 6 modules - 37 lessons - 10 minutes a day for less than two months - Diagramming Game with Instructions - Clue Cards - Three Ring Binder - (You can also purchase the e-book without the binder.) This is available in hard copy ($23.95) or ebook ($18.95) and can be ordered HERE. Here’s praying you have fun learning!

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https://www.thecurriculumchoice.com/fun-new-way-to-learn-diagramming/

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Crown gall is a plant “cancer” responsible for significant commercial losses in almond, walnut, pecan, cherry, plum, prune, peach, nectarine, apricot, apple, pear, grape, caneberry, blueberry, ornamentals (e.g., rose, euonymus, willow, poplar, etc.), and other plants. Infected plants develop expanding tumors (galls) that damage roots and trunks, resulting in weakened, less-productive plants – and sometimes plant death. In almond trees, galls provide entry points for wood decay fungi that cause trees to “blow down” (topple) during high winds. The crown gall pathogen is present in almost all soils and infects plants via fresh wounds created during propagation, nursery digging, pre-plant handling, transplantation, and in-field mechanical injury (e.g., grafting, pruning, cultivation).

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http://agbiochem.com/

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Lewes Castle and Barbican House Museum History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation The castle is composed of a shell keep with octagonal corner towers, and a striking 14th-century barbican. Unusually, there are two mottes within the oval bailey enclosure, a curious design found elsewhere only at Lincoln. The smaller of the two mounds is known as Brack's Mount. Tradition suggests that it was raised first, then found to be too small, so another, larger motte was built at the other end of the bailey to control the town. The larger mound is topped with a shell keep on a circular plan. Only the southern half of the keep is relatively intact. The use of herringbone masonry in the surviving walls suggests a date in the first half of the 12th century, probably during the life of William de Warenne II, who died in 1138. A pair of flanking towers were added in the late 13th century. William de Warenne was one of the most powerful Norman lords in 11th century England. After the Norman Conquest Warenne was granted the Saxon fortified town of Lewes and a large estate surrounding it. Warenne almost immediately began building a strong fortress to control his new territory. At the sme time, he founded a Cluniac priory; the first in England. Only fragments of the curtain wall still stand, and those are partly obscured by the growth of the town. One feature still very much intact is a 14th century barbican with a gate to the front. This is easily the best preserved part of the castle. The barbican was probably built by John de Warenne, the last of Warenne earls, who died in 1347. After his death Lewes passed to the Earls of Arundel, and the castle was allowed to crumble into decay. Next to the castle gate is Barbican House, home to the Museum of Sussex Archaeology, which tells the tale of the castle and the history of Lewes. The museum and castle are operated by the Sussex Archaeological Society and are open all year. There is a joint ticket available with nearby Anne of Cleves House. About Lewes Castle and Barbican House Museum Address: 169 High Street, Lewes, East Sussex, England, BN7 1YE Attraction Type: Castle Location: Off the high street in Lewes, A27/A26/A275 Website: Lewes Castle and Barbican House Museum Phone: 01273 486 290 Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express We've 'tagged' this attraction information to help you find related historic attractions and learn more about major time periods mentioned. Find other attractions tagged with: NEARBY HISTORIC ATTRACTIONS Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest Bull House - 0.1 miles (Historic Building) Anne of Cleves House - 0.3 miles (Historic Building) Monk's House - 2.4 miles (Historic Building) Glynde Place - 2.7 miles (Historic House) Newhaven Fort - 3.9 miles (Historic Building) Firle, St Peter's Church - 3.9 miles (Historic Church) Firle Place - 4.1 miles (Historic House) Stanmer Rural Museum - 4.8 miles (Museum) Nearest Accommodation to Lewes Castle and Barbican House Museum: Nearest Self Catering Cottages Nearest Bed and Breakfasts

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About the Protein Synthesis Virtual Lab Simulation In the Protein Synthesis lab, you will learn about the difference between protein synthesis in prokaryote (using E. coli) and eukaryote (using CHO cells). Prepare recombinant Erythropoietin and use the mass spectrometer Your first task in the lab will be to prepare recombinant Erythropoietin that is transfected into E. coli and CHO cells. The lab assistant will prepare the recombinant EPO and you will measure the mass to charge ratio using a mass spectrometer. Not sure how to handle the mass spectrometer? No worries! You can just take out your labpad and find an animated video to learn the basics. Study the translation process from mRNA to amino acids You will also learn about the translation process from mRNA to amino acids and how amino acids are assembled to proteins. A 3D animation is shown describing how triplets of codons are translated into amino acids, how these amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds creating a primary structure of protein, and furthermore, how the primary structure is folded into secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Investigate doping in bike athletes In the last part of the Protein Synthesis lab, you will use mass spectrometry and investigate if there are any athletes who are using rhEPO as a doping substance. You will do so by collaborating with the doping agent who collects urine samples in a large bicycle race. Will you be able to detect if any of the athletes are using doping? Get Started Now Techniques In Lab - Mass spectrometry - Protein synthesis At the end of this simulation, you will be able to… - Understand the translation process from mRNA to amino acid - Understand the post-translational modification - Understand the protein synthesis processing in the ribosome - Understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of protein - Understand the basic principles of mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) Screenshots of Protein Synthesis Virtual Lab Simulation How it works A million dollar lab in your browser Perform experiments in virtual lab simulations to achieve core science learning outcomes. All our simulations run on laptop and desktop computers, and you can play our simulations without having to install any browser plugins. Hundreds of hours of science learning content Our virtual laboratory simulations are aimed at university, college and high school level, within fields such as biology, biochemistry, genetics, biotechnology, chemistry, physics and more. With access to our simulations, you will have hundreds of hours of engaging, high-quality learning content available to you.

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https://www.labster.com/simulations/protein-synthesis/

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The final ‘food for thought’ question asking us to explain Derrida’s claim “Deconstruction is Justice” is exactly what Mike said it would be, straightforward yet challenging. Unlike other theorist, Derrida gives no fixed definition of justice and deconstructs the definitions given to words by looking at new meanings within them. Derrida explains how the English language is used to make logic-based methods of understanding and is another way to address law and justice (Pavlich, 2011). Pavlich, 2011 gives us a case example in the text book describing how judges often cannot define crime, punishment or justice but instead look other case examples because the meanings of these words have other terms. Derrida explains the process of giving meaning by involving “deferring signs to one another in a dynamic way to produce provincial, context-specific meaning” (Pavlich, 2011). Derrida’s lack of ability to define justice is examined by terms that are authorized to relate to other terms (Pavlich, 2011). He also “suggests how the process of deferring to other terms actually creates meaning, being, and presence” (Pavlich, 2011). An example of this can be shown when trying to define law, crime, justice, violence, and punishment like we had done in class. No word can be defined itself without defining another concept within that definition. For example, we said that justice is fair but the word fair also had to be defined because there are many different concepts of fairness. Pavlich 2011 describes this in the text book by saying that meanings are never fixed but are instead deferred to other terms. The reason that justice is difficult to define by Derrida is because this “realization defies any attempt to find absolute, fixed, or closed definitions. Derrida’s claim, “Deconstruction is Justice”, looks at different ways of generating new meanings that does not destroy” but instead enhances new meaning (Pavlich, 2011). I would have to agree with Derrida’s claim because it is very true that no term has a fixed meaning thus it could mean something different to someone else. An example of this was proven to me in class during our activity to define terms. Our term was justice and yet everyone in the group had something different to say about justice. If we were to think about this in our everyday lives, there are many things that are never really clear and easy to understand for example hate crime laws. Hate crime laws are defined in the criminal code of Canada but in many case examples the definition is always being questioned and is defined differently. Larsen, M. (2012). Derrida: Deconstruction, Justice, and Law. (Class handout) Pavlich, G. (2011). Law and Society Redefined. Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press

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|Level 1 Tower||Level 2 Arrow||Level 3 Heart||Level 4 Dividers| |Summary||Students at this level need to show that they can remember the basic drills and terminology of the system. They must also demonstrate an understanding of: safe training, control, and School etiquette |Students at this level need to show that they can understand the purpose of the listed drills and that they can execute the key drills, including the drills from level 1, correctly in a coached drill. |Students at this level need to show that they can apply the drills from previous levels competently under pressure. |Students at this level need to show that they can apply the principles of Fiore’s system in unfamiliar situations and they are competent performing the full breadth of techniques in the system at their level and below. |Mechanics & Unarmed|| |Dagger||The meaning of the terms remedy, counter-remedy and counter-counter-remedy

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A single photograph can communicate as much information as an entire volume of written text. Similarly, a single gesture can often communicate as much as an entire conversation. Furthermore, gestures tend to leave lasting impressions. Your mother’s last wave as the kindergarten bus pulled away on your first day of school, the thumbs up sign your father gave you from the back of the auditorium on graduation day or the upwardly thrust middle finger as your ex-partner peeled out of your driveway for the last time will remain with you forever. Chances are, all the different feelings you experienced when you saw those gestures will stick with you for just as long. As powerful as gestures are, however, their meanings are not always universal. Gestures often remain the same across cultures but carry dramatically different meanings and connotations. Your father’s thumbs up graduation day sign would have had a very different effect on your mood if you both had been natives of Greece. Use the following infographic from Pimsleur Approach to learn more about common American hand gestures and their meanings in different parts of the world.

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http://www.communicationstudies.com/dont-export-your-american-hand-gestures-infographic

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900 SE Hatchback L4-1985cc 2.0L DOHC Turbo EFI (1997) Balance Shaft: Description and Operation Automotive designers are constantly striving to improve the level of comfort in the car for both driver and passengers. Two key factors here are engine vibration and engine noise, both of which are a product of the basic design of the engine. Through combustion, where chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy, gas forces are generated which act on the piston crown. The reciprocating movement of the pistons and connecting rods, combined with the rotation of the crankshaft, generate inertial forces that act on the engine block and cause it to vibrate in various ways. At low engine speeds the gas forces are greater than the inertial forces but at high engine speeds the converse is true. The most significant forces arise periodically once or twice per crankshaft revolution. They are known as first-order and second-order forces. The first-order inertial forces are completely unbalanced since the crankshaft is balanced and the two piston pairs, 1-4 and 2-3, change direction simultaneously when they reach top dead centre and bottom dead centre. SECOND-ORDER FORCES ACTING VERTICALLY Inertial forces are generated because both descending pistons in a four-cylinder engine travel further at a given crankshaft angle than the two ascending pistons (the lateral movement of the connecting rods accelerates the descending pistons but delays the ascending pistons). The common centre of gravity of the ascending and descending masses therefore varies, giving rise to forces moving upwards and downwards which vary periodically twice per crankshaft revolution and cause the engine to vibrate in a vertical direction. SECOND-ORDER FORCES ACTING LATERALLY During the power stroke the piston is pressed against the cylinder wall due to the angle of the connecting rod relative to the cylinder. At higher engine speeds, however, the inertial force is much greater. It can then be said that the crankshaft pulls the piston down and due to the angle of the connecting rod relative to the cylinder the piston is pressed against the cylinder wall, but this time on the opposite side. Regardless of engine

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Air pollution will shorten the life expectancy of children by 20 months on average, with kids in South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan most vulnerable, a new report says. According to the 2019 State of Global Air (SOGA) report, released on Wednesday, air pollution is the fifth leading factor in mortality across the world, responsible for more deaths than alcohol, malnutrition and drugs. Particularly at risk are countries in Asia and Africa, where high levels of lung-clogging particulate matter (PM 2.5) and the regular use of fuels like coal and charcoal for home cooking result in a dramatically reduced life expectancy. PM 2.5 are dangerous airborne pollution particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. "The growing burden of disease from air pollution is among the major challenges facing national governments and public health officials, with far-reaching implications for national economies and human well-being," the report said. The problem is particularly pronounced in countries such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, which in the past year have seen cities blanketed in thick clouds of toxic air for days at a time. On average, the SOGA report said, air pollution means a child born today in South Asia will die 30 months earlier than he or she would have done otherwise. Globally, that figure is 20 months. "Major PM 2.5 sources in India include household burning of solid fuels; dust from construction, roads, and other activities; industrial and power plant burning of coal; brick production; transportation; and diesel-powered equipment," the report said. China a success story? To estimate average life expectancy, researchers calculated the difference between life expectancy and the average person's likelihood from dying of different diseases at certain ages. Sub-Saharan African countries like Niger, Cameroon and Nigeria were also at risk from toxic air, the report said, cutting nearly two years off life expectancies. The report said one of the success stories of the past year had been China, which although it still had severe air pollution problems had seen a drop in PM 2.5 particulates due to strict new governmental controls. One analysis found there had been a drop of almost a third in the number of dangerous particulates in 74 Chinese cities, the study said. But despite the rapid progress, the SOGA report said there was still much work to be done, with the average Chinese air pollution data far below the World Health Organization's air quality standards.

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https://www.3newsnow.com/news/national/air-pollution-to-shorten-childrens-lives-by-20-months-report-says

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Meet FDR’s Backbone: Frances Perkins–An Extraordinary Woman Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt rates as being one of America’s greatest presidents, probably in the top three. Yet he was despised by many during his ascendancy to president and during his four term tenure. And he is still reviled by right-wing conservatives and some Republicans. FDR, of whom your corespondent is a great admirer, was an exceedingly complicated man. He most certainly had his warts, weaknesses and biases. However, he was also a visionary who understood what America needed to do during the Great Depression and as World War Two proceeded initially in the absence of the involvement of the United States. Furthermore, FDR was probably the most effective president at initiating and sustaining action. He launched early in his presidency the Civilian Conservation Core, instituted the New Deal, and deftly handled a demanding Winston Churchill during the War. He also launched a massive infrastructure program during the Great Depression, the results of which are still critical to the country’s economy. This all sounds great. And it is. But there’s one important omission: FDR didn’t accomplish his achievements alone. One person who served under him, and who was in effect his backbone in many ways, was a woman. Her name was Frances Perkins (April 10, 1880 – May 14, 1965). As early as 1930 when Roosevelt was the Governor of New York, Perkins (above picture) relentlessly prodded him to support social insurance. When he took office as president in 1933, Roosevelt stalled in proceeding with social insurance because he believed that the country was not yet ready for such change. During his first Hundred Days (a concept borrowed from Napoleon), FDR argued that Perkins, as Labor Secretary, should commence an education campaign on the subject to begin laying the foundation within government and the American public. In addition, he wanted a panel of experts to study what would be involved in introducing social insurance. Perkins accepted this approach and began a focused effort during which she raised the subject over two dozen times in Cabinet meetings during 1933, and delivered 100 speeches across America in which she touted the benefits of social insurance. As the months proceeded through 1934 and as FDR continued to show ambivalent behaviour towards introducing social insurance, Perkins took drastic action in December of that year. At a Cabinet meeting at her home, during which the discussion became heated over whether social insurance should be run by the federal or state governments, she locked the doors to her house and disconnected the phone, stating that no one was going to leave until an agreement was reached. At 2 am a tentative agreement was finalized. Of course, there were still many rough patches in the months afterwards. For example, it’s amazing that one of the issues that concerned Cabinet in 1935 was that an aging population would eventually contribute to a deficit in social insurance by 1980. Yes, that’s 1980, 45 years later! How often do we see politicians looking that far ahead nowadays? Perkins was a pit bull when it came to grabbing onto an issue she believed was critical for America and then driving it forward. Hers is a fascinating story of how one woman was the impetus for a program that has served tens of millions of Americans, serving as an automatic economic stabilizer, as well as mitigating the effects of poverty among the elderly. Incidentally, it wasn’t until January 1940 that the first individual received a Social Security check, in the amount of $22.54, a Miss Ida Fuller of rural Vermont. Frances Perkins may not be well known as an incredible leader, but she is in the ranks of other contemporaries, such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Mary Parker-Follett, seen as the Mother of Modern Management. We have a lot for which to thank Frances Perkins. Leadership is not defined by the exercise of power but by the capacity to increase the sense of power among those led. The most essential work of the leader is to create more leaders. — Mary Parker Follett We’ve all had good bosses, and more likely bad bos ... The world is getting smaller, shrinking steadily d ... You have no groups that fit your search

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Healthcare in nursing practice The essential purpose of nursing is the care of people and… Immigrant health care in the United States is very different from citizen health care according to various social and economic factors as well as current health policies. Therefore, in addition to managing the physical and emotional strains of making cultural evolution immigrant families usually find themselves in an increasingly hostile social and political environment. Although they are called immigrants only, they are in essence noncitizen, which includes foreign students, migrant workers, permanent legal residents, and those without legal documentation. In addition it is predicted that this number will continue to increase in the next decade, with the country’s Southeastern and Mountain regions’ immigrant populations growing especially rapidly. Immigrants, on average, use less than half the dollar amount of health care services that American-born citizens use. In addition to its impact on the country’s labor market, this rise in the immigrant population has had a disparate impact on the United States’ health care system and its surrounding discourse. The health care system in the United States is made up of both public and private insurance agencies, with the private companies providing more insurance coverage than public companies. In spite of this the federal government remains indispensable because of its role in the evaluation of public health benefits for instance, Medicaid, the United States health program for families and individuals of low income. Although Medicaid previously serviced immigrants, welfare reform policies such as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 implemented stricter conditions for eligibility. This piece of legislation mostly changed responsibility for immigrant health care from the federal government to the state and local levels. However, its impacts are different in different states. Generally, the provisions the prevention of immigrants from accessing federal benefits like the State Children’s Health Insurance Program until after they have held lawful permanent residency for five years except in cases of emergency. For this , some states have implemented their own programs expanding health coverage to immigrants and other low-income groups; among these include states of Illinois, New York, the District of Columbia, and some counties in California. In some areas like Washington D.C., uninsured immigrants receive outpatient care from public clinics and community health centers. These services are not the same everywhere with some providing the same coverage as Medicaid or SCHIP, while others limit coverage to specific categories of immigrants. Conversely, other states like Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, and Virginia, have implemented laws that further restrict noncitizens’ access to health care. Legislation of similar nature includes the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which requires proof of identity and U.S. citizenship from all those applying for/renewing Medicaid coverage. Overall, analyses indicate that after factors such as health status, income, and race/ethnicity are controlled for, citizenship status plays a significant role in determining one’s medical care access.

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https://www.researchpaperhub.com/2017/03/03/immigrant-healthcare-united-states/

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It’s 1799 – welcome to the greatest city in the world. New York at the turn of the 18th century looked just a bit different than it does today, though. Sections of Manhattan were still underwater, revolutionary legends like Alexander Hamilton still roamed the streets, and plumbing for the city’s growing population remained an unaddressed problem. Paddy Hirsch, author of The Devil’s Half Mile (May 2018), gives us just a glimpse of what life was like in the Big Apple in a time before the Statue of Liberty, the subway, fire departments, and the stock exchange. Written by Paddy Hirsch - The population was exploding. 60,000 people lived in the city, and that number doubled in just 20 years, to 123,000, then doubled again to 202,000 in 1830. New York’s population hit a million just after 1870. - Canal Street was a muddy tidal stream, surrounded by marshland. The area south of Canal Street and east of Broadway was a large freshwater pond, called the Collect. A few hundred yards north, where Mott and Grand Streets meet today, was a small hill named Bayard’s Mount. You can guess the rest: as New York began to expand, starting around 1802, Bayard’s Mount was leveled, and much of the hill ended up filling in the pond. The stream was dug out and extended into a canal that helped drain the water, which by this time had been horribly polluted by the abattoirs and breweries around the shores of the Collect. - People did their grocery shopping in five markets around the city: the Fly, Catherine, Exchange and Oswego. And the Bear Market, which got its name in 1771, when a young butcher named Jacob Fincke trapped, killed and dressed a bear that had swum across the Hudson from New Jersey. People came from all over the town to see the bear’s pelt—and buy its meat—and the name stuck. - Coffee was every bit as popular a drink as it is today. Business was conducted in coffee houses all around the city, and stalls lined the streets down by the waterfronts, slaking the thirst and staunching the hunger of market traders and stevedores. “Four cents a pint for coffee and two for a muffin” was the going rate for “the salutary beverage so much appreciated for its vivifying efficacy.” - Most of the buildings in the city were made of wood, and fire was a constant threat. The city had a handful of fire engines “of a very inferior quality” and the onus was on citizens to take care of themselves in the event of a blaze. There were wooden stand-pumps at every street corner, and every household was required by the City Corporation to keep fire-buckets on the premises, one “for every fire-place in the house, or back kitchen; these buckets held three gallons, made of sole leather; they were hung in the passage near the front door. When the bell rang for fire, the watchmen firemen and boys, while running to the fire, sung out, ‘Throw out your buckets.’ The citizens would form lines, fill buckets and do their best to put out the fire themselves. - Fresh water was had to come by. Most of the water pumped out of the ground was not clean enough to drink or wash clothes in, so every house had a cistern in its back yard to catch rainwater. Hawkers went door to door selling casks of ‘tea-water’, for brewing tea and coffee and mixing with liquor. But the year before, the Manhattan Company had connected a steam-powered pump to extract water from the Collect pond, and had made a start on the construction of a system of wooden water pipes to carry fresh water around the city. Order Your Copy

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A MYSTERIOUS sun temple lost for 4,500 years has been found buried in the Egyptian desert. Archaeologists unearthed the ancient remains in Abu Gorab, south of Cairo, in what is being dubbed the biggest discovery in decades. It is one of six sun temples believed to have been constructed – of which only two have ever been found. They were built while the pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty were still alive to grant them the status of god. Pyramids on the other hand were built as final resting places to ensure pharaohs were resurrected as gods in the afterlife. Experts digging north of Egyptian archaeology locality Abusir first found the remains of the sun temple built by Nyuserre Ini, who ruled for about 30 years in the 25th century BC. Further investigation revealed an older base made of mud bricks which indicated a building previously existed at the site. Experts then discovered the two-foot-deep base of a white limestone pillar which they suggested the original structure was "quite impressive". But what came next, 50 years later, solidified the researchers' suspicions, The Telegraph reports. An array of beer jars filled with mud were uncovered providing the final proof the old site was a temple. Researchers said the tokens were a ritual offering reserved for the most scared places and that, combined with the newly discovered architecture, was the evidence they needed. Dr Massimiliano Nuzzolo, assistant professor of Egyptology at the Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland, said: "We knew that there was something below the stone temple of Nyuserre, but we [didn't] know if it is just another building phase of the same temple or if it is a new temple. "I have now many proofs that what we are excavating here is one of the lost sun temples." What remains a mystery though is who the sun temple was built for and when – though it is likely to be a ruler from the same time period. The Fifth Dynasty pharaohs reigned for about 150 years from the early 25th century BC to the mid 24th century BC. Only a small number of rulers had sun temples created in the name of the sun god Ra on the west bank of the Nile. The discovery of the third sun temple will air as part of Lost Treasures of Egypt on National Geographic at 7pm on November 14. Source: Read Full Article

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Lost in North Atlantic When she was overdue in reaching home port, Muskeget was presumed lost in action with no survivors. At the time of her sinking, she had 121 men on board: 9 commissioned officers, 107 enlisted men, one Public Health Service officer, and four civilian employees of the U.S. Weather Service. German naval records recovered after the war indicated that U-755, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Walter Göing, reported torpedoing a U.S. auxiliary merchant cruiser in Muskeget's area of operation on 9 September 1942. It was probably this attack that caused the destruction of Muskeget and the loss of her entire crew. U-755 was herself sunk in the Mediterranean by a Royal Air Force Hudson on 28 May 1943.

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The term 'cutscene' refers to an event or series of events within an IF narrative which, once initiated, unfold without any direct player input. (They may be initiated, or sometimes curtailed, by a direct player action. The precise content of the cutscene may also be influenced by earlier player actions). A cutscene usually occurs within a single textdump, but can also unfold over several turns. Intro text is not considered a cutscene. A dramatic, non-interactive storytelling interlude (typically displayed outside the game engine), in which the IF author briefly takes control of the narrative in order to relay important developments in the plot. For instance, an IF version of Little Red Riding Hood might usefully begin with a cut-scene in which the little girl leaves her house and gets lost in the wood -- afterall, there wouldn't be much of a story if the interactor decides to stay home. In a multimedia game, cut-scenes may involve video footage of live actors. Cartoon or computer-generated cut-scenes require the time and talents of animators, storyboard artists, voice actors, visual editors, and so forth. Multimedia is expensive to produce; for this reason, multimedia tends to be more linear than classic text-based IF. Reasons to Use - To save the effort of implementing the scene. It's a lot easier to have the tank column roll past and disappear immediately than to describe each part of it, to produce realistic responses when the PC tries to interfere, and so on. - To carry out actions which would be natural for the PC but which the player might not guess. Used in this way, cutscenes can be valuable sources of character development, and avoid unfair expectations on the player. Do this too often and you will invoke the wrath of your audience, however. - As a tool to influence the pace of a game. For instance, getting bogged down in trivial actions can slow a game down and make it tedious; if you have a single cutscene to get the PC out of bed, dress him, eat his breakfast and brush his teeth, you've skipped twenty or thirty turns of boring the player. - As a tool to control the emphasis of a game. If most of your gameplay is mainly focused on, say, detailed forensic archaeology, then it significantly alters the tone if (for instance) a fistfight is modelled along a complicated combat system. If you go to a cutscene as soon as the first punch is thrown, it lets you get back to the archaeology quickly. Just make sure that the things the PC is doing outside cutscenes are at least as interesting as the things happening in them. - Avoiding misdirection of players. An author may not want to implement every twist and turn of the corridors from the front of the Secret Service building to their boss' desk; that could suggest to the player that exploring the building is important, whereas in fact all that needs to happen there is a single conversation in a single place. In this kind of situation, it makes more sense to throw in a cutscene as the player enters the front door, and move them immediately to the office. Similarly, if a player can't influence the events of a cutscene, fully implementing it might give him the false impression that he could. Reasons To Avoid - If overused, cutscenes can cause a player to become disassociated from the game. If all the important action, plot development, NPC interaction and so forth happens in cutscenes, and the actions taken by the player are relatively trivial, there will be little opportunity to engage with the plot. This effect is likely to be even more pronounced if cutscenes routinely hijack the PC, having him carry out actions without player input. - Cutscenes share all the disadvantages of the textdump. - A game overladen with cutscenes can effectively become a hypertext novel with brief, unimportant IF interludes. - If moving from one scene to another, it may not be necessary to use a cutscene at all; a fade-to-black can sometimes work just as well.

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CC-MAIN-2021-49

https://www.ifwiki.org/index.php/Cutscene

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COSPAR Updates Planetary Protection Policy for Lunar Missions What Are Category Designations? COSPAR’s categorization gives guidance on the sensitivity to contamination for a given mission to a solar system target body. The categorization level guides the level of precautions taken during mission development to protect the target body and the integrity of the spacecraft's scientific studies from terrestrial contaminants. Planetary Protection categories for solar system bodies range from Category I through IV, with an extra Category V referring to the protection of Earth itself. Recently, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) updated its Planetary Protection policy for the Moon, including adding Category II sub-designations to accommodate missions to different regions. The new Category IIa and IIb designations reflect the importance of the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) to science and the Artemis generation of human exploration. Although the Moon retains its Category II status, COSPAR now distinguishes between missions to PSR-containing polar surface destinations as Category IIb, with the remaining 99% of the Moon’s surface being Category IIa. As a result of these new designations, missions to the lunar poles and the rich icy deposits hidden in perpetual shadow need to record their full organic inventory, while most missions to the Moon’s surface still only need to report volatiles released by their propulsion systems. How Evolving Information Led to Categorization Changes The rim crest and upper part of the rim of Shackleton crater at the south lunar pole. (Credit NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University) Earth’s Moon historically has been considered a barren, airless and waterless world. Although scientists detected some water in lunar rock samples brought back by Apollo 14, the Moon was deemed uninteresting and unimportant from a biological perspective. COSPAR subsequently designated the Moon as a Category I body: no Planetary Protection requirements warranted. Then, the 1990s and early 2000s saw a succession of lunar exploratory missions that determined the water content on the Moon’s surface to be greater than initially thought. Comet and asteroid impacts deposited water ice on the Moon (as it has on all major planets and moons) throughout the solar system’s history. Most of that lunar water is lost back into space as solar radiation decomposes the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Recent observations by NASA’s SOFIA telescope estimate the Moon is on average 100 times drier than the Sahara Desert. But there are places on the Moon where the deposited water ice is always shielded from the heat and light of the sun. As the Moon orbits the Earth (which in turn orbits the sun), sunlight bathes the surface of the Moon in monthly cycles. But because the Moon’s tilt on its axis is so slight, deep craters at high latitudes receive sunlight at such a grazing angle that the crater floors never see the light of day. These unlit polar regions remain very cold (as low as -250 degrees Celsius). LCROSS Impactor Launch (Credit: NASA/Northrop Grumman) NASA confirmed the possibility of deep and permanent water ice deposits in PSRs in 2009 when NASA’s Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) sent a 5,000 pound impactor crashing into the south polar crater Cabeus and detected water in the disturbed lunar material ejected into space. The results from LCROSS and surveys from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) prompted COSPAR to reassess the importance of the Moon from a Planetary Protection perspective. In 2008, COSPAR upgraded the Moon to Category II: a body of significant interest relative to chemical and biological evolution of the solar system, but minimal risk of contamination during exploration. The data collected by LRO is considered essential for planning NASA's future human and robotic missions to the Moon. Large quantities of water at the lunar poles provide an untapped resource for future human explorers regarding water to drink, oxygen to breathe and hydrogen for fuel. From a scientific perspective, the PSRs hold the promise of a pristine multi-billion-year record of the history of icy impacts that could yield essential clues to the early prebiotic chemistry of Earth and its celestial neighbors. These progressive findings over the last 50 plus years and the importance of PSRs on future science missions and human space exploration prompted COSPAR to call special attention to the contamination concern for PSRs, and subsequently led to the recent addition of sub-categorizations. Read the press release, “COSPAR updates its Planetary Protection Policy for missions to the Moon’s surface” for more information on the update. Distribution of surface ice at the Moon's south pole (left) and north pole (right), detected by NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument. Blue represents the location of water ice. (Credit NASA)

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If you listen or read the news, you’ve heard that honeybees are dying at an alarming rate worldwide. In fact, 2015 data taken from the University of Maryland (and published in ScienceDaily.com), reports a 44-percent loss of honeybees in the U.S., and more than 45-percent honeybee loss in other parts of the world. As environmental scientists try to pinpoint the issue, agriculturalists point to impacts of a world without bees and what that means for the future of food and health… Colony Collapse Disorder According to an article in Time Magazine, bees started dying off at an alarming rate sometime in the early 1990s. That’s when beekeepers began to report bees evacuating their hives at alarming rates for mysterious reasons. Beekeepers also noted a significant decrease in honeybee colonies during this same time. But the media didn’t start “buzzing” about the loss of our smallest and most relied upon farm workers until about spring 2013, when a 45-percent bee colony loss was linked to colony collapse disorder (CDC), which is when most of the worker bees in a colony virtually up and disappear.

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https://www.activebeat.com/your-health/6-sticky-facts-on-health-and-honeybees/

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Pavement Design in Seasonal Frost Conditions - 5 PDH 3. Frost-Susceptibility Classification 4. Alternative Methods of Thickness Design 5. Selection of Design Method 6. Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration 7. Reduced Subgrade Strength 8. Use of State Highway Requirements 9. Free-Draining Material Directly Beneath Bound Base or Surfacing Layer 10. Other Granular Unbound Base CoursE 11. Use of Fl and F2 Soils for Base Materials 12. Filter or Drainage Requirements 13. Stabilizers and Stabilized Layers 14. Stabilization with Lime and with LCF 15. STABILIZATION WITH PORTLAND CEMENT 16. Stabilization With Bitumen 17. Subgrade Requirements 18. Other Measures to Reduce Heave 19. Pavement Cracking Associated with Frost Heave 20. Control of Subgrade and Base Course Construction 21. Base Course Construction 23. Use of Insulation Materials in Pavements Upon completion of this course you will: Learn frost, soil and pavement terminology applicable to design for seasonal frost conditions; Learn about bound bases and how they are employed in frost conditions; Learn the definitions of frost-susceptible soils; Learn how the design freezing index is determined and applied in design for seasonal frost; Learn how to design to accommodate varved clays; Learn the alternative methods of thickness design; Learn how to determine and apply the air freezing index; Learn about the reduced subgrade strength design method. This course is intended for civil and geotechnical engineers and other design and construction professionals wanting to learn how to design rigid and flexible pavements where seasonal frost conditions exist. Benefit for Attendee This course will give design and construction professionals an introduction to special design methods to employ when designing pavements for roads, parking and open storage areas where climatic conditions include seasonal frost. This course provides introductory information about evaluation of soil conditions, selection of materials, and design methods for pavements in seasonal frost conditions. This course will give you professional tools that will help you to understand the special technical and design considerations to use in pavement design in cold regions where frost conditions are a factor.

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https://engineeringcontinuingeducationpdh.com/373/32/geotechnical/pavement-design-in-seasonal-frost-conditions-5-pdh-detail.html

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TEXAS EDUCATION CODE DEFINITION Dyslexia means a disorder of constitutional origin manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural dysgraphia, and developmental spelling disability. Related disorders include similar to or related to dyslexia such as developmental auditory imperceptions, dysphasia, specific developmental dyslexia, developmental dysgraphia, and developmental spelling disability. INTERNATIONAL DYSLEXIA ASSOCIATION DEFINITION Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. Adopted by the IDA Board, November 2002. This definition is also used by the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 2002. If a decision is made to evaluate a student for dyslexia and/or dysgraphia, consent will be obtained from the parent or guardian via Section 504 (dysgraphia) or IDEA procedures (IDEA). Dawson ISD uses both previously collected and current information to evaluate the student’s academic progress and determine what actions are needed to ensure the student’s improved academic performance. State Dyslexia Handbook (English) State Dyslexia Handbook (Spanish)

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CC-MAIN-2021-49

https://www.dawson.esc17.net/325608_2

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FSC Field Guide to Ladybirds of the British Isles An ideal alternative to a book, its lightweight, shower-proof and easy to use without looking through page after page! The ideal companion on any bushcraft or nature watcing trip! Looking for an identification guide to ladybirds? Produced in conjunction with the UK Ladybird Survey, this popular fold-out chart to ladybird identification covers 26 of the 46 coccinellid species found in the British Isles. Information on colour pattern, habitat and distribution and hints to aid identification are provided in a comprehensive table. There are also sections on the life-cycle and feeding relationships of ladybirds. A special feature of the chart is the section on the Harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis, the most invasive ladybird species in the world. The Harlequin was originally introduced for bio-control throughout Europe, arrived in Britain in summer 2004 and is now spreading rapidly from the south-east. Charts (folded) are approx 16.5cm x 24.5cm

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https://www.greenmanbushcraft.co.uk/forest-schools/educational/identification-charts/fsc-field-guide-to-ladybirds-of-the-british-isles.htm

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Lifelong CatechesisForming Catholic identity across generations For a large part of the liturgical year, we devote ourselves to listening to the mystery of Christ in all its aspects unfolded as we seek God's truth and understanding. Margaret Mary Alacoque, Religious, 1647-1690 The widespread devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus celebrated in the Church today can be directly attributed to Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque. In a period of time when religious devotion in France was, at best, cool, this unlikely saint was charged by Jesus with strengthening the love of God in the people. Born the fifth of seven children to the family of an official in Burgundy, Margaret was a good child, but, like most saints, had no extraordinarily angelic traits as a young girl. At the age of four, she took a vow of chastity, but later said that she had no idea of the meaning of either a vow or chastity. When she was about eight, her father died and Margaret was sent to school in a convent run by the Poor Clare nuns. It was at this time that she began to be attracted to a religious vocation. The nuns, impressed with her piety, allowed her to make her First Communion at the age of nine (At that point in time, children were generally not allowed to receive Communion). A few years later, a sickness caused her to be sent home. There, she found that one of her sisters had taken control of the household and Margaret and her mother were treated no better than servants. When Margaret had reached a marriageable age, her family began pressuring her to marry and she considered this for a time. At the age of twenty, however, Margaret had a vision of Jesus which made her determined to follow Christ, and she entered a convent of the Visitation nuns. At the time, this order had two classes of nuns. The choir nuns were the cultivated, educated nuns who did the teaching and sang in the choir, while the lay nuns were the unschooled women who did the menial chores in the convent. Margaret Mary was a part of this second group. Hers was not an easy life, and she suffered the scorn and ridicule of some of the learned nuns because of her piety. Strongly devoted to Christ, Margaret Mary accepted her suffering in the name of Jesus. From a human standpoint, God often works in strange ways. A nun with little education whose circumstance was to do the menial labor in a convent would not normally be the one we would choose to promote devotion to the Sacred Heart. But during the next several years, our Lord made himself known to Margaret Mary many times and, on December 27, 1673, she received the first of the revelations which she was to have. At that time, Jesus told her that the love of his heart must grow and that she was to be the person to make this known to humanity. In later revelations, He said that his heart was to be represented in the image of the Sacred Heart which we are familiar with today. Jesus also told her that, as far as she was able, she was to atone for mankind’s ingratitude for his loving kindness by frequent reception of the Eucharist, especially on the first Friday of the month (from which comes the devotion of nine First Fridays), and a one hour prayer vigil on Thursday nights (the Holy Hour which was popular for many years). In one revelation, Jesus asked Margaret Mary to have a feast of reparation established on the Friday following the Feast of Corpus Christi to be known as the Feast of the Sacred Heart. While giving these instructions to Margaret Mary, Christ told her that obedience to her superior was foremost. The superior, Mother de Saumaise, was skeptical of Margaret Mary’s revelations and initially treated her with contempt. But, when Margaret Mary became very ill and was near death, her superior allowed that, if she were to recover from this illness, she would take that as a sign that her revelations were really from Jesus. Margaret Mary prayed to Jesus and immediately regained her health. Margaret Mary had a powerful ally in her confessor, Saint Claude La Colombière. He not only believed in her mission, but encouraged her and was, at least in part, responsible for making her crusade known in the world. He, Saint Margaret Mary, and Saint John Eudes, are called “Saints of the Sacred Heart.” Margaret Mary's message today: Many of the saints were scorned because of their lives of devotion and prayer; Margaret Mary was one of these, although her sanctity was eventually recognized by those in her community. Likewise, we may experience the same reaction when we try to live out our Christian beliefs. Jesus encourages us to persevere, however, as he did in his visions to Margaret Mary.

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This card game for 2–6 players gives children lots of practice decoding single words – it’s fast-paced phonics fun! Children call the Read and Grab Word Game the ‘thief game’. Children take it in turns to draw and read a card. If another player has a word card with the matching colour and character, then they can 'grab' the card from them. Once a player has 5 cards, they have a set, and no one can grab them! The aim is to collect the most sets. This card game is quick and competitive, encouraging children to read single words fluently. It’s perfect for small group instruction and playing at home to build reading skills and confidence! Read and Grab Word Game Box 9: - Allows children to practise reading decodable words using alternative spellings for the vowel phonemes /ā/, /ē/ and /ī/ (Stage 7 Units 1–4) - Contains 75 playing cards – 15 sets to choose from each time you play - Includes wordlists showing each set of cards and their focus.

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https://www.littlelearnersloveliteracy.com.au/collections/by-use/products/milos-read-and-grab-word-game-9-coral

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3D printing or additive manufacturing, when applied to production applications, is a technology-driving innovation in manufacturing throughout the supply chain. Within the 3D printing hierarchy of methods, the most commonly adopted technology is fused filament fabrication or FFF. This workshop is designed with the operator and technician in mind and takes place in both a classroom and lab setting. It includes hands-on activities and covers topics including technology strengths, limits, applications for manufacturing, workflow, materials, and design principles. - Increase understanding of FFF technology to make a well-informed buying decision,Identify strengths and weaknesses with the technology and workflow and Assist with the part design and manage workflow for a successful build operation - Recommended for Manufacturing personnel tasked with supporting production-line activity Purdue University MEP Leadership, Change Leaders, Maintenance, 1st Level Supervisor, Operations Team Method of Delivery Face to Face

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https://www.purdue.edu/whin/education/courses/course-page.php?ID=99999968

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What is the importance of learning how do you use mole? Why is the mole unit so important? It represents the link between the microscopic and the macroscopic, especially in terms of mass. A mole of a substance has the same mass in grams as one unit (atom or molecules) has in atomic mass units. How many billions are in a mole? How big is a mole? There are about 7.0 billion (7.0 x 109) people on earth. If we divided the 1 mole of pennies ($6.02 x 1021) equally among all the people on earth how many dollars would you have? Why is it called a mole? It is named after the 19th-century Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro, who found that under the same temperature and pressure, two gases with the same volume have the same number of molecules. It was the French physicist Jean Perrin who in the early 20th century dubbed the amount of units in a mole as Avogadro’s number. What do big moles mean? Moles that are bigger than a common mole and irregular in shape are known as atypical (dysplastic) nevi. They tend to be hereditary. And they often have dark brown centers and lighter, uneven borders. Having many moles. Having more than 50 ordinary moles indicates an increased risk of melanoma. What is the formula for moles to grams? Moles to grams example problem Solution: Find out the molar mass of the substance (hint: you can use Molar mass of the substance alone to calculate molar mass). The molar mass of KClO3 is 122.548 g/mol. Multiply the given number of moles (2.50 mol) by the molar mass (122.548 g/mol) to get the grams. How many molecules are in a mole? Avogadro’s Number and the Mole. The mole is represented by Avogadro’s number, which is 6.022×1023 atoms or molecules per mol. How do I calculate moles? How to find moles? - Measure the weight of your substance. - Use a periodic table to find its atomic or molecular mass. - Divide the weight by the atomic or molecular mass. - Check your results with Omni Calculator.

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https://mavexsa.com/skin-diseases/why-do-we-need-mole.html

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WHY IT MATTERS The Safe Drinking Water Foundation educates students about drinking water quality issues and solutions in a hands-on manner. Students get the opportunity to test their own local drinking water and find out more information about its quality. This science project is so relevant and authentic that it increases students’ interest in science and can lead to students pursuing further science classes or careers in the field of science. Students are then supported and encouraged in taking action to share what they learn with others and to alleviate drinking water quality issues in their regions. We want to create these ripple effects all over Canada until all Canadians are informed about drinking water quality issues and solutions and have access to safe drinking water.

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http://www.karmakarma.com/impact/educate-a-student-on-water-safety

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