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It is done, and submitted. You can play “Survival of the Tastiest” on Android, and on the web. Playing on the web works, but you have to simulate multi-touch for table moving and that can be a bit confusing. There’s a lot I’d like to talk about. I’ll go through every topic, insted of making the typical what went right/wrong list. Concept Working over the theme was probably one of the hardest tasks I had to face. Originally, I had an idea of what kind of game I wanted to develop, gameplay wise – something with lots of enemies/actors, simple graphics, maybe set in space, controlled from a top-down view. I was confident I could fit any theme around it. In the end, the problem with a theme like “Evolution” in a game is that evolution is unassisted. It happens through several seemingly random mutations over time, with the most apt permutation surviving. This genetic car simulator is, in my opinion, a great example of actual evolution of a species facing a challenge. But is it a game? In a game, you need to control something to reach an objective. That control goes against what evolution is supposed to be like. If you allow the user to pick how to evolve something, it’s not evolution anymore – it’s the equivalent of intelligent design, the fable invented by creationists to combat the very idea of evolution. Being agnostic and a Pastafarian, that’s not something that rubbed me the right way. Hence, my biggest dillema when deciding what to create was not with what I wanted to create, but with what I did not. I didn’t want to create an “intelligent design” simulator and wrongly call it evolution. This is a problem, of course, every other contestant also had to face. And judging by the entries submitted, not many managed to work around it. I’d say the only real solution was through the use of artificial selection, somehow. So far, I haven’t seen any entry using this at its core gameplay. Alas, this is just a fun competition and after a while I decided not to be as strict with the game idea, and allowed myself to pick whatever I thought would work out. My initial idea was to create something where humanity tried to evolve to a next level but had some kind of foe trying to stop them from doing so. I kind of had this image of human souls flying in space towards a monolith or a space baby (all based in 2001: A Space Odyssey of course) but I couldn’t think of compelling (read: serious) mechanics for that. Borgs were my next inspiration, as their whole hypothesis fit pretty well into the evolution theme. But how to make it work? Are you the borg, or fighting the Borg? The third and final idea came to me through my girlfriend, who somehow gave me the idea of making something about the evolution of Pasta. The more I thought about it the more it sounded like it would work, so I decided to go with it. Conversations with my inspiring co-worker Roushey (who also created the “Mechanical Underdogs” signature logo for my intros) further matured the concept, as it involved into the idea of having individual pieces of pasta flying around and trying to evolve until they became all-powerful. A secondary idea here was that the game would work to explain how the Flying Spaghetti Monster came to exist – by evolving from a normal dinner table. So the idea evolved more or less into this: you are sitting a table. You have your own plate, with is your “base”. There are 5 other guests at the table, each with their own plate. Your plate can spawn little pieces of pasta. You do so by “ordering” them through a menu. Some pastas are better than others; some are faster, some are stronger. They have varying costs, which are debited from your credits (you start with a number of credits). Once spawned, your pastas start flying around. Their instinct is to fly to other plates, in order to conquer them (the objective of the game is having your pasta conquer all the plates on the table). But they are really autonomous, so after being spawned, you have no control over your pasta (think DotA or LoL creeps). Your pasta doesn’t like other people’s pasta, so if they meet, they shoot sauce at each other until one dies. You get credits for other pastas your own pasta kill. Once a pasta is in the vicinity of a plate, it starts conquering it for its team. It takes around 10 seconds for a plate to be conquered; less if more pasta from the same team are around. If pasta from other team are around, though, they get locked down in their attempt, unable to conquer the plate, until one of them die (think Battlefield’s standard “Conquest” mode). You get points every second for every plate you own. Over time, the concept also evolved to use an Italian bistro as its main scenario. Carlos, Carlos’ Bistro’s founder and owner Setup No major changes were made from my work setup. I used FDT and Starling creating an Adobe AIR (ActionScript) project, all tools or frameworks I already had some knowledge with. One big change for me was that I livestreamed my work through a twitch.tv account. This was a new thing for me. As recommended by Roushey, I used a program called XSplit and I got to say, it is pretty amazing. It made the livestream pretty effortless and the features are awesome, even for the free version. It was great to have some of my friends watch me, and then interact with them and random people through chat. It was also good knowing that I was also recording a local version of the files, so I could make a timelapse video later. Knowing the video was being recorded also made me a lot more self-conscious about my computer use, as if someone was watching over my shoulder. It made me realize that sometimes I spend too much time in seemingly inane tasks (I ended up wasting the longest time just to get some text alignment the way I wanted – it’ll probably drive someone crazy if they watch it) and that I do way too many typos where writing code. I pretty much spend half of the time writing a line and the other half fixing the crazy characters in it. My own stream was probably boring to watch since I was coding for the most time. But livestreaming is one of the cool things to do as a spectator too. It was great seeing other people working – I had a few tabs opened on my second monitor all the time. It’s actually a bit sad, because if I could, I could have spent the whole weekend just watching other people working! But I had to do my own work, so I’d only do it once in a while, when resting for a bit. Design Although I wanted some simple, low-fi, high-contrast kind of design, I ended up going with somewhat realistic (vector) art. I think it worked very well, fitting the mood of the game, but I also went overboard. For example: to know the state of a plate (who owns it, who’s conquering it and how much time they have left before conquering it, which pasta units are in the queue, etc), you have to look at the plate’s bill. The problem I realized when doing some tests is that people never look at the bill! They think it’s some kind of prop, so they never actually read its details. Plus, if you’re zoomed out too much, you can’t actually read it, so it’s hard to know what’s going on with the game until you zoom in to the area of a specific plate. One other solution that didn’t turn out to be as perfect as I thought was how to indicate who a plate base belongs to. In the game, that’s indicated by the plate’s decoration – its color denotes the team owner. But it’s something that fits so well into the design that people never realized it, until they were told about it. In the end, the idea of going with a full physical metaphor is one that should be done with care. Things that are very important risk becoming background noise, unless the player knows its importance. Originally, I wanted to avoid any kind of heads-up display in my game. In the end, I ended up adding it at the bottom to indicate your credits and bases owned, as well as the hideous out-of-place-and-still-not-obvious “Call Waiter” button. But in hindsight, I should have gone with a simple HUD from the start, especially one that indicated each team’s colors and general state of the game without the need for zooming in and out. Development Development went fast. But not fast enough. Even though I worked around 32+ hours for this Ludum Dare, the biggest problem I had to face in the end was overscoping. I had too much planned, and couldn’t get it all done. Content-wise, I had several kinds of pasta planned (Wikipedia is just amazing in that regard), split into several different groups, from small Pastina to huge Pasta al forno. But because of time constraints, I ended up scratching most of them, and ended up with 5 different types of very small pasta – barely something to start when talking about the evolution of Pasta. Pastas used in the game. Unfortunately, the macs where never used Which is one of the saddest things about the project, really. It had the framework and the features to allow an endless number of elements in there, but I just didn’t have time to draw the rest of the assets needed (something I loved to do, by the way). Other non-obvious features had to be dropped, too. For example, when ordering some pasta, you were supposed to select what kind of sauce you’d like with your pasta, each with different attributes. Bolognese, for example, is very strong, but inaccurate; Pesto is very accurate and has great range, but it’s weaker; and my favorite, Vodka, would triggers 10% loss of speed on the pasta hit by it. The code for that is mostly in there. But in the end, I didn’t have time to implement the sauce selection interface; all pasta ended up using bolognese sauce. To-do list: lots of things were not done Actual programming also took a toll in the development time. Having been programming for a while, I like to believe I got to a point where I know how to make things right, but at the expense of forgetting how to do things wrong in a seemingly good way. What I mean is that I had to take a lot of shortcuts in my code to save time (e.g. a lot of singletons references for cross-communication rather than events or observers, all-encompassing check loops, not fast enough) that left a very sour taste in my mouth. While I know I used to do those a few years ago and survive, I almost cannot accept the state my code is in right now. At the same time, I do know it was the right thing to do given the timeframe. One small thing that had some impact was using a somewhat new platform for me. That’s Starling, the accelerated graphics framework I used in Flash. I had tested it before and I knew how to use it well – the API is very similar to Flash itself. However, there were some small details that had some impact during development, making me feel somewhat uneasy the whole time I was writing the game. It was, again, the right thing to do, but I should have used Starling more deeply before (which is the conundrum: I used it for Ludum Dare just so I could learn more about it). Argument and user experience One final aspect of the game that I learned is that making the game obvious for your players goes a long way into making it fun. If you have to spend the longest time explaining things, your game is doing something wrong. And that’s exactly the problem Survival of the Tastiest ultimately faced. It’s very hard for people to understand what’s going on with the game, why, and how. I did have some introductory text at the beginning, but that was a last-minute thing. More importantly, I should have had a better interface or simplified the whole concept so it would be easier for people to understand. That doesn’t mean the game itself should be simple. It just means that the experience and interface should be approachable and understandable. Conclusion I’m extremely happy with what I’ve done and, especially given that this was my first Ludum Dare. However, I feel like I’ve learned a lot of what not to do. The biggest problem is overscoping. Like Eric Decker said, the biggest lesson we can learn with this is probably with scoping – deciding what to do beforehand in a way you can complete it without having to rush and do something half-assed. I’m sure I will do more Ludum Dares in the future. But if there are any lessons I can take of it, they are to make it simple, to use frameworks and platforms you already have some absolute experience with (otherwise you’ll spend too much time trying to solve easy questions), and to scope for a game that you can complete in one day only (that way, you can actually take two days and make it cool). This entry was posted on Monday, August 27th, 2012 at 10:54 am and is filed under LD #24. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed. 3 Responses to ““Survival of the Tastiest” Post-mortem” darn it , knowing that I missed your livestream makes me a sad panda ;( but more to the point, the game is … well for a startup its original to say the least ;D it has some really neat ideas and more importantly its designed arround touch screens whitch by the looks of the submission is something rare ;o or that could be just me and my short memory -_-! awesum game, love et <3

Topic: reinvent midnight madness Amazon announced a new service at the AWS re:Invent Midnight Madness event. Amazon Sumerian is a solution that aims to make it easier for developers to build virtual reality, augmented reality, and 3D applications. It features a user friendly editor, which can be used to drag and drop 3D objects and characters into scenes. Amazon … continue reading

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Working Women, Special Provision and the Debate on Equality There has been considerable coverage in the media recently about the possibility of offering women in employment paid leave from work during their menstrual period. This has generated a broad range of responses relating to long-standing discussions about ‘equality’ and ‘difference’: is women’s equality best achieved by treating them the same as men or by making provisions that recognise their differences in terms of physiological constitution and biological functions? If the UK introduces such an initiative, it would not be the first country in the contemporary world to do so. Many countries in Asia already make the provision and Russia debated introducing a law in 2013. The policy also has a significant historical precedent. A whole chapter of my book Women Workers in the Soviet Interwar Economy: From ‘Protection’ to ‘Equality’ (Macmillan, 1999), based on extensive research conducted for my PhD, is devoted to ‘Provision for “Menstrual Leave”’. In the 1920s, scientific researchers and labour hygiene specialists in the Soviet Union conducted extensive investigations into the impact of menstruation on women’s capacity to work in manual and industrial jobs requiring a significant degree of physical labour. Their recommendations led to two decrees being issued that targeted specific categories of women workers: Decree ‘On the release from work during menstruation of machinists and iron press workers working on cutting machines without mechanised gears in the garment industry’, 11 January 1922 Decree ‘On the working conditions of women tractor and lorry drivers’, 9 May 1931 These decrees arose from research that suggested, amongst other things, that inadequate seating at machines and on tractors resulted in congestion and tension in the abdomen that was exacerbated during menstruation. In practice, the decrees did not provide for regular absence from work. Women seeking to benefit from the provision had to provide a doctor’s note, similar to the usual requirements for sick leave. The official research into the impact of menstruation on women’s capacity to work and the application of the decrees in practice raised a number of issues on both sides of the argument. I offer only a summary of the contemporary research findings and observer commentary here: For the provision: • employers have a responsibility to protect the health of their workers and unhealthy, poor and inadequate working environments can have a detrimental impact on women’s reproductive health • women’s labour productivity and output would rise as a result • it is essential to protect the professionalism of certain categories of workers: the debates here centred on performance artists and female theatrical employees engaged in highly physical and intensely emotional work • heavy physical labour and strenuous exercise can lead to disruptions of the menstrual cycle • women’s physical and intellectual capacities are reduced during menstruation; women lose muscular strength and powers of concentration • women’s biological constitution and reproductive functions require specific recognition in law Against the provision: • employers are less likely to appoint women if they are guaranteed paid time off work during menstruation • (often from male workers, who viewed the employment of women as competition) women should not be employed in jobs for which they lack the physical strength and mental capacity • if necessary, women could be transferred to different tasks involving easier work during menstruation • the provision would be open to uneven application and abuse • women cannot expect to be considered equal with men if they are given special treatment in the law It is worth noting also that the various research projects often revealed that the vast majority of women reported no regular problems or abnormalities with menstruation, and that men commonly reported higher levels of sickness than their female colleagues. Many of the problems experienced by women in the workplace could be mitigated by the introduction of improvements to their physical working conditions (not sitting down or standing up in the same position for long periods of time) or by the simple introduction of very short breaks that would allow women to walk around and get some exercise. Debates in the UK, on the TV and in the press, are unlikely to reach a consensus on this issue. What do you think?

Jeanette Sawyer Cohen, PhD, clinical assistant professor of psychology in pediatrics at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City Pediatric Psychologist How to Teach Independence? How can I teach my toddler to do things independently? You’ve probably become more patient since you started this whole parenthood thing. And you’re going to have to practice patience even more as your toddler learns to become more independent. For example, she tells you she can’t finish the puzzle she’s doing. Instead of jumping right in and telling her which piece goes where, you’re going to have to tell her you’ll help a little. Go ahead and help, but let her do a lot of it herself, and make sure she’s the one to finish the job. That will give her a sense of accomplishment and the confidence to try again next time. Remember that children each progress at their own rate. It’s not always fast — and there will be setbacks along the way. But the more you can allow them to do on their own without stepping in, the more they’ll be likely to try for themselves again and again.

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Running Stat Dinner with people is always better than eating alone, especially when the food is good. Good food tastes even better when enjoyed with people. Tonight Amy came over to try my second attempt at the Brussels Sprouts Veggie Soup to which I have made some changes (see recipe below in previous post) for a better result, I believe. We were at the store earlier and saw some nice looking haricot verts and heirloom tomatoes, so we decide to assemble a simple salad from those. Of course while I’m at the market, I can’t not get some five peppercorn salami. Our simple dinner of soup, salami, bread, cheese, salad, and wine was on the table in 15 minutes.

jOOQ on The ORM Foundation? I am the developer of jOOQ, a Java database abstraction framework. I was wondering whether jOOQ might be an interesting tool for discussion on your website, even if it is not exactly an ORM in the classic meaning (as in mapping objects to the relational world > ORM). Instead, jOOQ uses a reverse engineering paradigm (as in mapping relational entities to objects > "ROM"). Re: jOOQ on The ORM Foundation? Object Role Modeling (the original ORM) is not the same thing as Object/Relational Mapping. Object/Relational Mapping is still kind-of relevant and interesting to us, since Object Role Modeling is used to design databases (which then will require programmatic access). But there are probably better places to discuss it :] Your query DSL looks rather like some of the DSLs available for Ruby, such as through the Sequel gem, or Arel. Interesting to see how well that can work with a statically-types language like Java. Maybe you or I should make a generator for ActiveFacts which generates your DSL from CQL queries? Re: jOOQ on The ORM Foundation? Sorry for my late reply. Apparently I had not really understood the ideas behind your foundation when I wrote my original post. I understand now, that you are concerned with broader concepts than the "common ORM". I actually came across your group because of your linking to ORM Lite (where ORM does stand for Object/Relational Mapping, correct me if I'm wrong). Yes, I have seen some examples for Ruby's Sequel. I personally find statically-typed languages much better for DSL's as the syntax can be formally defined and checked by a compiler - with the limitations an OO language imposes, of course. So if I understand this correctly now, "Object Role Modeling" and CQL are actually a more general way of expressing what SQL calls DDL. Since you can already transform CQL into SQL DDL statements (CREATE TABLE...), and jOOQ can reverse-engineer database schemata into jOOQ generated source code, I don't think there would be need for an additional generator. Does CQL also specify means of querying the data described by the Object Role Model? The examples I found here only seem to describe what SQL calls "constraints" (although with a much broader functionality-range than SQL): Re: jOOQ on The ORM Foundation? "common ORM". I actually came across your group because of your linking to ORM Lite (where ORM does stand for Object/Relational Mapping Object Role Modeling was named before Object Relational Mapping, but the latter is now the more common meaning, as you point out. But ORM Lite is actually so-named by Bryan because it is an implementation of Object Role Modeling, not because it is also an O/RM. Bryan was a student of Terry's at Neumont, where he learnt ORM. Regarding DSLs, I think internal DSLs only work well in very simple cases. I prefer external DSLs for anything complex, and that's where CQL came from. Even the extremely flexible syntax of Ruby wasn't up to the task. lukas.eder: I don't think there would be need for an additional generator The problem is that a huge amount of meaning is lost in the mapping to SQL. SQL is practically (though not theoretically) limited to representing physical models. These are almost always very different from the conceptual model, as many relationships have been condensed (absorbed) into attribute/column relationships, so the semantics of the original relationship are lost. In the process, nullable columns are usually introduced, which adds further to the confusion, as such things cannot easily be correctly constrained (uniqueness, etc) in SQL. So by reverse engineering from the relational form, you're losing most of the benefit of building a conceptual model from the start This may be hard to see for someone used to O-O modeling, and who's authored an O/RM tool. The problem is that O-O suffers from many of the same problems of loss of semantics. The apparently clear notion of "attribute" breaks down when you look at it closely. O-O, although ostensibly behaviour-oriented, introduces attributes to store state, and this attribute orientation is the source of the problem in both cases. Fact-oriented model does not use attributes. Although it may seem obvious that, for example, my surname is an attribute of myself, if the system being modeled accrues the requirement to model families, suddenly surname becomes an attribute of family, and family becomes my attribute. This kind of instability is responsible for much of the rework that's required in evolving legacy systems, as well as many of the mistakes made when they were first modeled. If you want a further example of this loss of semantics, look at my Insurance example, and ask yourself why the VehicleIncident table has a DrivingBloodTestResult column. In fact, if VehicleIncident wasn't explicitly mapped separately, its fields would be in the Claim table. What's needed is not just yet another O/RM tool (which are tuppence a dozen anyhow - I personally have written three) but a tool which supports database programming using only the conceptual model, never exposing the physical model. Surprisingly, I can't think of a single tool which has done a good job of this, but it's where I'm heading with the ActiveFacts API. It's another O/RM, but using a purely conceptual object model that preserves the domain semantics, not a typical O-O one. lukas.eder: Does CQL also specify means of querying the data described by the Object Role Model Yes, though the published implementation doesn't quite handle the full query syntax (aggregate functions are still missing), nor does it yet translate them to SQL. Some examples are given towards the end of the video presentation on the CQL Introduction page. Re: jOOQ on The ORM Foundation? Regarding DSLs, I think internal DSLs only work well in very simple cases. I prefer external DSLs for anything complex, and that's where CQL came from. Even the extremely flexible syntax of Ruby wasn't up to the task. Absolutely. The optimal way to implement SQL in Java would be by extending the Java language itself, such that SQL would be compiled natively by the java compiler, similar to Linq2SQL in C#, or PL/SQL in Oracle databases. So for the complexity of CQL, CQL is certainly the right solution. Clifford Heath: The problem is that a huge amount of meaning is lost in the mapping to SQL. SQL is practically (though not theoretically) limited to representing physical models. You are right. I guess though, that in everyday work, this limitation is not really a problem. Personally, I think if your business rules become so complex that you cannot map them to a relational model easily anymore, then maybe your business rules could be simplified before changing/extending technologies. But that depends on the business, of course. I guess with insurance companies' businesses, I'd be pretty lost, personally ;-) In any case, I don't see jOOQ as a means to solve modelling issues, or the O/R impedance mismatch (which is even bigger when it comes to mapping your understanding of ORM, with CQL). jOOQ should simply make using the full power of SQL in Java as simple as possible. In that way, jOOQ is not really an ORM because it does not map from objects to the relational world, or try to solve any other high-level abstraction issues. It's really a low-level tool to make a developer's life a lot easier, seeing that unfortunately, JPA CriteriaQuery didn't meet the community's expectations. Clifford Heath: What's needed is not just yet another O/RM tool (which are tuppence a dozen anyhow - I personally have written three) but a tool which supports database programming using only the conceptual model, never exposing the physical model. Surprisingly, I can't think of a single tool which has done a good job of this, but it's where I'm heading with the ActiveFacts API. It's another O/RM, but using a purely conceptual object model that preserves the domain semantics, not a typical O-O one. I think you're on the right track with this. I hope for you, that this will soon show nice results with a practical implementation. I'm curious to see how you'll tackle performance issues, too, with all the abstraction. Among all attempts to overcome the old and proven relational models (XML databases, NoSQL databases), this one seems the most promising and focused to me!

I've learned the nitrogen vacancies used in Memristors are for "switching", between excited states and inhibited states, akin to our neurons and SYNAPSES abilities to generate EPSPs and IPSPs, this is the entire point to Memristors and DARPAs SyNAPSE program, emulating Neurons.. So in the memristor, NVs (which are truly Ancillas), Return to "resting states", just like Neurons do, hence Inhibitory states versus excited states, when a neuron reaches an action potential and fires.. So the ancillas use prepared/ known states, and are the equivalent of the ancillas ground state, which is equal to a neurons resting potential... So by weakly measuring certain aspects of living neurons, it is possible to superbroadcast/ teleport the wavefunction non-classically to the memristors vacancies, correlating each memristor with its neuron statistical ensemble counterpart, sharing the quantum state of the resting potential. the ground state of the ancilla. The type of measurement determines which property is shown. However the single and double-slit experiment and other experiments show that some effects of wave and particle can be measured in one measurement. Hence Mach-Zehnder interferometry, which also involves ANCILLAS Quote: When for example measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam-splitter is inserted, but as a particle if this beam-splitter is omitted. The decision of whether or not to insert this beam-splitter can be made after the photon has entered the interferometer, as in Wheeler’s famous delayed-choice thought experiment. In recent quantum versions of this experiment, this decision is controlled by a quantum ancilla, while the beam splitter is itself still a classical object. and the no-cloning theorem is about pure states.. But an ensemble of particles in a neuron would make it a mixed state.. The no-cloning theorem is normally stated and proven for pure states; the no-broadcast theorem generalizes this result to mixed states. And thats why PHASE works for quantum metrology and its ability to harness non classical states Apparently, worrying about measuring both position and momentum works differently for particles than it does waves. It may actually be possible using phase. Quote: Niels Bohr apparently conceived of the principle of complementarity during a skiing vacation in Norway in February and March 1927, during which he received a letter from Werner Heisenberg regarding the latter's newly discovered (and not yet published) uncertainty principle. Upon returning from his vacation, by which time Heisenberg had already submitted his paper on the uncertainty principle for publication, he convinced Heisenberg that the uncertainty principle was a manifestation of the deeper concept of complementarity.[6] Heisenberg duly appended a note to this effect to his paper on the uncertainty principle, before its publication, stating: Quote: Bohr has brought to my attention [that] the uncertainty in our observation does not arise exclusively from the occurrence of discontinuities, but is tied directly to the demand that we ascribe equal validity to the quite different experiments which show up in the [particulate] theory on one hand, and in the wave theory on the other hand. And "quadratures" is about position and momentum.. Which are apparently always orthogonal to each other. There is obviously something to all of this. Counterfactual Communication was recently used to transmit information without sending any PARTICLES. the information was sent in the phase.. of a wavefunction? and it used MachZenhder Interferometry.. which is part of Quantum Metrology and its ability to harness non-classical states.. and all of this can teleport non-classical light.. and it all uses ANCILLAS... which store VALUES, and WAVEFUNCTIONS.. because they are Qubits/ Nitrogen vacancies.. and are used in WEAK MEASUREMENT... which was used to measure a wavefunction.. something most would argue is impossible.. because of the uncertainty principle.. Quote: An interpretation of quantum mechanics can be said to involve the use of counterfactual definiteness if it includes in the statistical population of measurement results, any measurements that are counterfactual because they are excluded by the quantum mechanical impossibility of simultaneous measurement of conjugate pairs of properties. For example, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that one cannot simultaneously know, with arbitrarily high precision, both the position and momentum of a particle Quote: The word "counterfactual" does not mean "characterized by being opposed to fact." Instead, it characterizes values that could have been measured but, for one reason or another, were not and its the Ancillas that store values.. and may or may not be part of the measurement apparatus... / interferometer.. In 2015, Counterfactual Quantum Computation was demonstrated in the experimental context of "spins of a negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy color center in a diamond".[5] Previously suspected limits of efficiency were exceeded, achieving counterfactual computational efficiency of 85% with the higher efficiency foreseen in principle Quote: The quantum computer may be physically implemented in arbitrary ways but the common apparatus considered to date features a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The quantum computer is set in a superposition of "not running" and "running" states by means such as the Quantum Zeno Effect. Those state histories are quantum interfered. After many repetitions of very rapid projective measurements, the "not running" state evolves to a final value imprinted into the properties of the quantum computer. Measuring that value allows for learning the result of some types of computations such as Grover's algorithm even though the result was derived from the non-running state of the quantum computer. NV CENTERS can also be used asQUANTUM SPIN PROBES, QUBITS & AS, ANCILLAS in devices such as BIOMEMs scanners QUANTUM REPEATERS PHOTONIC NETWORKING and.. MEMRISTORS.. where the vacancies are used for switching between inhibited and excited states, thus simulating NEURONS MEMRISTORS utilize wavefunctions. Wavefunctions can be weakly measured by ANCILLAS ANCILLAS hold "values" ie : wavefunctions and have GROUND STATES which measured particles are "cooled" into for measurement techniques. a literal form of "photon counting".. "This de-excitation is called ‘fluorescence’, and it is characterized by a lifetime of a few nanoseconds of the lowest vibrational level of the first excited state. De-excitation from the excited singlet state to the ground state also occurs by other mechanisms, such as non-radiant thermal decay or ‘phosphorescence’. In the latter case, the chromophore undergoes a forbidden transition from the excited singlet state into the triplet state (intersystem crossing, ISC, Fig 2.4), which has a non-zero probability, for example because of spin orbit coupling of the electrons’ magnetic moments" its a type of INTERSYSTEM CROSSING doing a search for Intersystem crossing, memristor brings up this link.. A composite optical microcavity, in which nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in a diamond nanopillar are coupled to whispering gallery modes in a silica microsphere, is demonstrated. Nanopillars with a diameter as small as 200 nm are fabricated from a bulk diamond crystal by reactive ion etching and are positioned with nanometer precision near the equator of a silica microsphere. The composite nanopillar-microsphere system overcomes the poor controllability of a nanocrystal-based microcavity system and takes full advantage of the exceptional spin properties of NV centers and the ultrahigh quality factor of silica microspheres. We investigate the construction of two universal three-qubit quantum gates in a hybrid system. The designed system consists of a flying photon and a stationary negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center fixed on the periphery of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator, with the WGM cavity coupled to tapered fibers functioning as an add-drop structure. These gate operations are accomplished by encoding the information both on the spin degree of freedom of the electron confined in the NV center and on the polarization and spatial-mode states of the flying photon, respectively Now Somewhere in this is evidence of a memristor holding a wavefunction The shown SPICE implementation (macro model) for a charge controlled memristor model exactly reproduces the results from [2]. However, these simulation results do not have a good compliance - not even qualitatively - with the characteristic form of I/V curves of manufactured devices. Therefore the following equations (3) to (9) try to approach memristor modeling from a different point of view to get a closer match to the measured curves from [2],[6],[7],[8],[10] or [11] even with a simple linear drift of w. Besides the charge steering mechanism of a memristor modelled in [2], [1] also defined a functional relationship for a memristor which explains the memristive behavior in dependence on its magnetic flux: i(t) = W φ(t) · v(t) . (3) Variable W (φ) represents the memductance which is the reciprocal of memristance M. Here a mechanism is demanded that maps the magnetic flux as the input signal to the current that is flowing through the memristor. The magnetic flux φ is the integral of voltage v(t) over time: φ = R v(t) dt. We can assume that an external voltage which is applied to the previously described two-layer structure has an influence on the movable 2+-dopants over time. The width w(t) of the semiconductor layer is depending on the velocity of the dopants vD(t) via the time integral: w(t) = w0 + Z0t vD(τ)dτ . (4) The drift velocity vD in an electric field E is defined via its mobility µD: vD(t) = µD · E(t) (5) and the electric field E is connected with the voltage via E(t) = v(t) D(6)with D denoting the total thickness of the two-layer structure (D = tOX + tSEMI). Due the good conductance of the semiconductor layer the electric field is applied to the time depending thickness of the insulator layer tOX for the most part (due to v(l) = R E dl). However, this was neglected for reasons of simplification. If we combine (4), (5) and (6), we obtain: n(t) = w0 + µDD· Z0t v(τ)dτ = w0 + µDD · φ(t) . (7) This equation shows a proportional dependence of the width w from the magnetic flux φ. Since the thickness of the insulator layer is in the low nanometer region a tunnel current or equivalent mechanism is possible. The magnetic flux slightly decreases the thickness of the insulator layer wich is the barrierfor the tunnel current.This current rises exponentially with a reduction of the width tOX(φ) (the exponential dependenceis deducible from the quantum mechanic wave function) which must become the GROUND STATE of the ANCILLA upon non-classical correlation.. because a wavefunction is essentially the "master equation" (which describe wave equations) We investigate theoretically how the spectroscopy of an ancillary qubit can probe cavity (circuit) QED ground states containing photons. We consider three classes of systems (Dicke, Tavis-Cummings and Hopfield-like models), where non-trivial vacua are the result of ultrastrong coupling between N two-level systems and a single-mode bosonic field. An ancillary qubit detuned with respect to the boson frequency is shown to reveal distinct spectral signatures depending on the type of vacua. In particular, the Lamb shift of the ancilla is sensitive to both ground state photon population and correlations. Back-action of the ancilla on the cavity ground state is investigated, taking into account the dissipation via a consistent master equation for the ultrastrong coupling regime. The conditions for high-fidelity measurements are determined. \\ Notice BACK-ACTION, which goes right back to DARPAs Nanodiamond Biosensors and their ability to overcome the standard quantum limit, because of the known/ prepared states in the ancillas/NITROGEN VACANCIES Quote: (Quantum) back action refers (in the regime of Quantum systems) to the effect of a detector on the measurement itself, as if the detector is not just making the measurement but also affecting the measured or observed system under a perturbing effect. Back action has important consequences on the measurement process and is a significant factor in measurements near the quantum limit, such as measurements approaching the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). Back action is an actively sought-after area of interest in present times. There have been experiments in recent times, with nanomechanical systems, where back action was evaded in making measurements, such as in the following paper : When performing continuous measurements of position with sensitivity approaching quantum mechanical limits, one must confront the fundamental effects of detector back-action.Back-action forces are responsible for the ultimate limit on continuous position detection, can also be harnessed to cool the observed structure[1,2,3,4], and are expected to generate quantum entanglement. Back-action can also be evaded, allowing measurements with sensitivities that exceed the standard quantum limit, and potentially allowing for the generation of quantum squeezed states. So the NV centers are used as ancillas in the measurement process.. which weakly measure wavefunctions of particles in neurons, most likely singlet and triplet states occurring in ATP and phosphase... then those same wavefunctions are transfered and produce a correlation at the ground state.. where the ancilla takes on the new value/wavefunction.. and here we find all these ideas.. minus the switching which I can explain Memristors use NV centers to switch between inhibited and excited states singlet and triplet states thus producing/simulating/ EMULATING, living neurons and action potentials and it may just BE the network and its computing speed, that even allows the wavefunction to be "found" Artificial Neural Network. A pair of physicists with ETH Zurich has developed a way to use an artificial neural network to characterize the wave function of a quantum many-body system. [14]. A team of researchers at Google's DeepMind Technologies has been working on a means to increase the capabilities of computers by ... While there are lots of things that artificial intelligence can't do yet—science being one of them—neural networks are proving themselves increasingly adept at a huge variety of pattern recognition ... That's due in part to the description of a quantum system called its wavefunction. ... Neural network chip built using memristors. https://books.google.ca/books?isbn=9814434809Andrew Adamatzky, ‎Guanrong Chen - 2013 - ‎Computers Global and local symmetries In quantum physics, all the properties of a system can be derived from the state or wave function associated with that system. The absolute phase of a wave function cannot be measured, and has no practical meaning, as it cancels out the calculations of the probability distribution. Only relative ... The las vegas shooting left 58 INNOCENT PEOPLE DEAD. The gunmans brother was later arrested for possession of child porn. This technology was developed to defend against terrorism and child abuse. Connect the dots. I bet the brothers were sharing files and one of them ended up a "targeted individual" So he began to stockpile weapons and plan the only way out of his nightmare. There has been no mentioning of him."hearing voices" But the fact his brother was later arrested for such a crime paints a picture worth looking into. Those vibrations, are the result of this assumed BIOMEMS "deployable biosensor" And its use of excitation techniques made to single out single neurons to measure the WAVEFUNCTIONS during a tomographic scan. which makes such possible Quantum-assisted Nano-imaging of Living Organism Is a First Quote: “In QuASAR we are building sensors that capitalize on the extreme precision and control of atomic physics. We hope these novel measurement tools can provide new capabilities to the broader scientific and operational communities,” said Jamil Abo-Shaeer, DARPA program manager. “The work these teams are doing to apply quantum-assisted measurement to biological imaging could benefit DoD’s efforts to develop specialized drugs and therapies, and potentially support DARPA’s work to better understand how the human brain functions.” "Nuclear spin imaging at the atomic level is essential for the under-standing of fundamental biological phenomena and for applicationssuch as drug discovery. The advent of novel nano-scale sensors hasgiven hope of achieving the long-standing goal of single-protein, highspatial-resolution structure determination in their natural environ-ment and ambient conditions. In particular, quantum sensors basedon the spin-dependent photoluminescence of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV)centers in diamond have recently been used to detect nanoscale en-sembles of external nuclear spins. While NV sensitivity is approachingsingle-spin levels, extracting relevant information from a very com-plex structure is a further challenge, since it requires not only theability to sense the magnetic field of an isolated nuclear spin, butalso to achieve atomic-scale spatial resolution. Here we propose amethod that, by exploiting the coupling of the NV center to an intrin-sic quantum memory associated with the Nitrogen nuclear spin, canreach a tenfold improvement in spatial resolution, down to atomic scales." So what its all doing essentially, is mapping the phase of atoms/SINGLETS in ATP, onto a NV center based CCD and at the singlet level, correlations occur.. creating entanglement so the particles in the neuron are being correlated with the ancillas, the nitrogen vacancies, where they take on the "target" state.. not only is the above imaging done to obtain a correlation to living neurons, via the singlet states within, but once the connection is established, the MEMRISTOR NETWORK itself can be used to RECONSTRUCT VISION IN REAL TIME Now add the above method, a direct connection using correlated states shared from neurons TO Memristors... and imagine the reconstruction aided by the AI within the memristor network, as it works on so.. (note, this example is done MERELY using fMRI information) now Imagine statistical ensembles being observed in real time via non-classical entanglement But what I'm trying to show, is hows its this assumed entanglement based BCI technology, plus the memristor network it is coupled to, that is responsible for the TI communities complaints that "they (the government) can see through my own eyes" The nitrogen vacancies in the scanners hold values, wavefunctions, which are prepared states aka Ancilla bits, and are the time domain/reference frequency, which carrries the "quantum event/wavefunction" which causes the singlet pairs to form up in the scanned biology.. and correlates with them at the ground state as the relaxation occurs.. Quote: It is important to realize that particles in singlet states need not be locally bound to each other. For example, when the spin states of two electrons are correlated by their emission from a single quantum event that conserves angular momentum, the resulting electrons remain in a shared singlet state even as their separation in space increases indefinitely over time, provided only that their angular momentum states remain unperturbed and that weakly measured value, the wavefunction is sent through the optical cavity, teleported to identical nitrogen vacancies in memristors.. so the ground states in both system are correlated and thus the neural activity can be monitored in real time in the memristors

Volunteer Services Volunteer Services As Charleston Area Medical Center volunteers, our mission is to serve as support for patients, families and hospital staff, and to provide a caring, comforting and courteous environment. Volunteers at CAMC bring their unique personalities and skills to our hospital. They range in age from 15 to 99. Our ranks are made up of men and women; students and retirees; homemakers and business people. Last year, 334 volunteers contributed over 36,000 hours to our hospitals and Cancer Center. We are looking for volunteers who exemplify CAMC's core values of respect, integrity, stewardship, quality, service with compassion and safety. These volunteers will help us with our mission of "striving to provide the best health care to every patient, every day."

Playing back a meeting recording …Let me show you how to locate and play back a meeting that you have recorded.…First, let's understand how WebEx Meetings store and prepare your meeting recordings.…The meetings are recorded on the WebEx server.…WebEx will post the recording to their…server within 24 hours of the meeting completion.…When your recording is ready, you'll receive an update on…your dashboard homepage with the playback link and the recording information.…Let me show you how that looks.…When you get this notification, you can click the link that says Play Recording.…And WebEx will play back the video for you with the WebEx network recording player.… To locate your meeting recording manually, if…you miss the notification, the easiest thing…to do is look at the meetings space for the meeting that you recorded.…First, find the meeting in your meetings list by clicking the Meetings tab.…Click the Recent tab.…You'll note, in the list, whether it's recorded or not.…Click on the meeting title to visit the meeting space page for that meeting.… Resume Transcript Auto-Scroll Author Released 6/9/2014 Connect and collaborate across the globe with WebEx Meetings. In this course, author and webinar specialist Sally Norred shows you how to use WebEx Meetings to host, run, and record online meetings. Discover how to set up an online meeting and invite attendees, work with interactivity, let attendees participate and present, and save and record a meeting. Also check out the quick tips sheets (free to all members) for a list of handy shortcuts for hosts, presenters, and attendees alike.

During my pregnancy, I tried to gather as much information on how painful labor might actually be. I would often hear “mine was horrible, but everyone’s pregnancy is different” or “it was the worst pain I’ve ever felt in my life!” I heard many horror stories which often ended with, “well, don’t worry. You’ll forget about the pain as soon as your child is born.” Not the most reassuring for a first-time mother, but something I definitely kept in mind the entire time. I had feared the unknown, but on the other hand, I knew there was no turning back and that my baby was coming one way or another! Two weeks before my due date, I noticed some blood. My water didn’t break and I saw no mucous plug, but it seemed that something was happening earlier than expected. Soon after, at 1 a.m. I woke up from a notably different type of cramping. It began to occur every 5 minutes. It wasn’t that painful (yet), but uncomfortable. I felt as if I had to go diarrhea every five minutes. If this is labor, I could handle it for sure I thought, but I knew this was only the beginning. My husband nervously drove us to the hospital as if the baby would pop out any second. I had to remind him to not worry. Things usually didn’t happen that fast for first-time moms (or at least I hoped it wouldn’t). I had to go by instinct although in the back of my mind, I wasn’t sure what would happen next. We finally got to the birthing center after an hour of driving and the nurses confirmed I wasn’t even dilated. I couldn’t believe it. We were turned away and had to find a hotel because returning home wasn’t an option. It would take two hours just to return again! The diarrhea-like cramps were painful and uncomfortable; I couldn’t sleep. I was bleeding slightly and started to actually have these cramps and stomach aches over a 10 hour period. I started googling my symptoms (never a good thing!) and discovered there are people who have this uncomfortable feeling for days and weeks! “Fake labor” would not be in my cards, I had hoped. Fortunately, I had an appointment with a midwife in the afternoon and was checked again for any cervical changes. I had finally dilated 3 cm and was 90% effaced. What a relief I thought! I welcomed the pain because I wanted things to progress. I couldn’t imagine having diarrhea cramps for weeks. However, 3 cm isn’t enough to be admitted, we were told, so back to the hotel we went. “When your cramps become more regular, every 3 minutes a part, and you become more snippy, check in again” the midwife suggested. In the mean time, I tried to walk around, pausing multiple times to catch my breath. A couple hours later, I was FINALLY admitted. My husband kept asking me questions non-stop about what I wanted, needed, and more. All I could say was “if I need something, I’ll let you know. Thanks.” I literally couldn’t talk. I felt like vomiting and had heart burn for the first time in my life. As my labor progressed, I felt the urge to push before I was even 10 cm dilated. I would have a cramp, then a couple of minutes later, one that made me yell out in pain as it forced my body to push. A gush of blood would come out as this happened and I felt extremely uncomfortable because the pain was in my back and butt! It would take my breath away. However, the pain was still tolerable, believe it or not. I had a volunteer doula come in that night who helped me breathe, rubbed my back, and encouraged me. She helped me be aware of my voice and how I could use it to save energy and get through the pain. Unfortunately, she couldn’t stay the whole night, but the time she spent with me truly made a difference. Even though labor was hard work and painful, the right breathing technique and support helped ease the pain. This is probably the number one thing that helped me get through labor! As I started heading towards my second night of labor, I wondered how much longer I could go on … I questioned if it was even worth it to continue without an epidural? I went into labor without a plan. I wanted to go with the flow and make decisions as they came. I didn’t want to be tied to a bed or deliver on my back or disappointed if my perfect labor didn’t come true, so I left any expectations open. But after my second sleepless night, I started to inquire about pain medications (although deep down inside I knew I could handle more because the pain was still manageable). I was exhausted and sleep would have been nice especially if I didn’t have to feel any pain with an epidural. There were no walking epidurals available though and I didn’t want to take narcotics (which could make me dizzy), so I continued along, breathing away. A bath was an option too and this I requested and wanted. I was so uncomfortable as things progressed. I couldn’t get in the shower to relax my muscles, but somehow a bath sounded soothing and worth the effort. As soon as the bath was ready, however, I suddenly felt a pop down below as if major pressure had been released from my insides. Immediately, there was a shift. The back and butt pressure/pain I felt was no longer there. It was time to push! I knew as soon as I felt it. As the baby descended, I felt the burning sensation of the babies head crowning – a temporary stretching sting. The cramps were still there and I had no control over my own pushing. I let my body do its own work and took the breaks my body provided in between each wave of labor. I was standing up giving birth because I couldn’t get onto the bed as I would have liked and was given a stool to put my right foot onto in order to widen my pelvis. Gravity certainly assisted me. However, I never expected to be standing for 50 minutes! My legs were becoming tired and shaky, but I couldn’t move. My energy was sapped and I regretted not exercising more. Standing up was the most comfortable thing to do though and I listened to my body’s cues. I started to go along with my body’s signals to push, but after a while I felt as if the baby would never come out because things weren’t progressing fast enough. After his head came out, I thought it was all over until I heard my husband say “push, his body is stuck!” I ended up pushing as hard as I could and a gush of fluids came spewing onto the floor. It was the best sense of relief. The midwives held my baby from under me and told me to grab him. He was screaming, kicking, and punching his way into this life. He was so slippery, I was terrified to grab him. I had never held a baby before. He would be my first. I held my son and put him on my chest. I couldn’t stop looking at him in awe. He was so beautiful to me and I felt overwhelmed with love and joy. When the umbilical cord finally stopped pulsating, which happened surprisingly quick, my husband carefully snipped it. At this point, I’m glad my husband didn’t pass out. I always joked that he would get queasy and faint, but my husband did amazing! While holding my son, I had to deliver my placenta which did not hurt at all. In fact, I couldn’t even feel much down below because of the adrenaline pumping throughout my veins. Looking into my son’s eyes and holding him for the first time was the most incredible thing in the world. The pain that I felt earlier in labor vanished and I felt ecstatic to have made it through. It’s true what they say … After your baby is born, you forget the pain of labor and birth. At least most of it. Hello! Hello! It's nice to meet you! I'm Mary. Thank you for stopping by Stirring Up Delight. I hope you'll find some useful tips, recipes, and reviews or maybe a story or two that you might enjoy. Read More… Follow me Subscribe to Blog via Email Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Email Address Stirringupdelight.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com For those of you who were told you might need an endometrial biopsy, here’s my experience, so you can sleep a little better at night. Although I do not know what yours will be like, I can tell you that not all of them turn out horrific like you might’ve read online. Why You Might […] Kalua pig is a dish from Hawaii that may be intimidating to make if it’s done traditionally, but modern technology has its benefits. You don’t have to roast a pig underground, but instead you can use your slower cooker to make it. How easy is it? Buy some pork butt at the store and toss […] I’m so excited to be planning my niece’s 1st birthday party this fall! For anyone who really knows me, I absolutely love planning. It is one of my obsessions. After making numerous planning mistakes, however, I would like to share with you some tips I’ve learned along the way. If you are planning your child’s […] One of my favorite drinks when I return home is plantation iced tea. Last year, when I spent a week back home in Hawaii, I ended up drinking it as often as I found it on the menu. Now that the heat of summer is here, I’m dreaming of returning home to visit again. I really […]

Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) will clinch victory in the first-in-the-nation primary in New Hampshire, according to a CNN projection, powered by his strength among blue-collar, younger and more liberal voters.

POV: Henry vs Martin + a poll I won’t make claims as to their gifts and charms, but H & M do resemble me in various ways :) I usually like to write stories from a single point of view. It’s obviously a limited perspective, but I enjoy the constraints. As far as I’m concerned, there’s no such thing as a reliable narrator. Characters misinterpret things, miss things, draw the wrong conclusions, and it can be tricky and fun to work the “truth” into a story alongside the character’s perceptions. For instance, I think it’s obvious to the reader that Martin is DTF from the get-go, but Henry, equipped with the same amount of information, simply doesn’t get it. When I started writing the Ganymede Quartet books, it seemed obvious to me that the story needed to be told from the master’s point of view. Whether or not he’s actually prepared to take responsibility, the fact remains that Henry’s the one in charge and he sets the tone. It’s Martin’s job to adapt and respond and accommodate and serve. Obviously, Martin is better-equipped to steer this particular ship, but, unfortunately for Henry, the roles in this relationship weren’t assigned based on fitness or merit. If you’ve read A Most Personal Property (GQ Book 1), you know that when the opportunity finally arises for Martin to take charge, he does so with great effect, but he does wait for Henry to create the opportunity. He’s very well-trained. I think it’s apparent that Martin is miserable for most of AMPP, and writing weeks of self-doubt and misery even greater than Henry’s, from the perspective of a character who has even less power to effect change…I don’t think anyone wants to read that book, actually. Henry also needed to be the POV character for the main books because Henry is the one who has the most growing to do. They’re both young, both immature, but Martin is less immature, his sense of self is more solid and, well, he’s a lot smarter. Henry learns a lot over the course of the series, which is not to say that Martin doesn’t, but as the one nominally in charge, Henry’s growth has a greater impact on both of them. It was possibly something of a risk, but I left out or delayed certain trains of thought because Henry isn’t necessarily considering all aspects and implications of the master/slave dynamic from early on in their relationship. He’s very loving, but he’s not the most insightful person, and it takes him awhile to consider things that a savvier fellow might have questioned from the beginning. It really does take Henry a long time to wonder how Martin’s position and training impact the way Martin responds to him. I anticipate going a little deeper into Martin’s background, in a way, for the story that will accompany Book 3. I also have a pretty good idea which aspect of Book 4 I’ll present from Martin’s perspective. So far, the Martin stories have been really fun to write, and I definitely look forward to doing them. I think they’re so easy and enjoyable to work on because they revisit territory that I’ve already covered from Henry’s perspective to some extent, and when I’m writing Henry, I’m always considering how Martin might view a given situation, as well. Offering Martin’s POV at all was actually a pretty late development. It occurred to me shortly before publishing A Most Personal Property that the stories I was busy telling myself about Martin’s past would probably be of interest to anyone who was interested in AMPP, and so I quickly wrote A Superior Slave. I hoped that people who enjoyed reading ASS (ugh, that acronym!) for free might be interested in paying for AMPP, and I think that did happen to some small extent. I’ve gotten the impression (whether it’s true or not) that Martin might be the reader favorite by a small margin, so it just seems like a nice idea to continue offering Martin POV stories alongside the main books. While I think a person can enjoy the main books and Henry’s POV without side stories, I like to think Martin’s perspective is a valuable addition. I plan on adding additional points of view from other characters in the universe. I’ve got stories written about a couple of Henry’s friends to show how slave ownership works in private for other people. I’ve got at least two stories I want to write about Henry’s cousin Jesse. I think Tom gets his own novella :D With A Proper Lover (GQ Book 2) and A Master’s Fidelity (GQ Book 2.5) released, I’m just going immediately into editing Book 3 and fleshing out the notes I have for the Martin story. I’d had vague ideas about taking a break, but I honestly don’t know what that would mean at this point. I don’t know what I’d be doing during a break! Right now, the idea of downtime just makes me cranky. Knowing that there are people eager for the next books makes me want to work on getting them out. Besides, working on Martin’s POV is a treat :)

The terrifying 38-minute ordeal suffered by Hawaii residents on Saturday, when the state’s emergency-management agency sent out a false alert warning of an imminent ballistic-missile strike amid rising tensions with North Korea, seems to have sparked an unusually rapid response on Capitol Hill. Hawaii’s Sen. Brian Schatz, a Democrat on the Senate Commerce Committee, told National Journal that he is working with other Senate Democrats on a bill that would implement a federal best-practice framework for the ballistic-missile-alert systems administered by U.S. states, localities, and territories. And while Republicans don’t appear to be involved in the process, relevant GOP chairs in both chambers have expressed a willingness to work with Schatz on the issue. Initial reports indicate that Hawaii’s screwup—which sent people across the archipelago scrambling for shelter before the all-clear was called more than a half-hour later—was because of an employee mistakenly pressing the wrong link on a confusingly designed interface. But for something as serious as a ballistic-missile alert, Schatz suggested that the potential for human error can, and should, be mitigated through federal safeguards. “You want a system that accounts for the fact that somebody may be sleepy or careless, or an interface may not be the most user-friendly, and yet it all works anyway,” Schatz said. “We have best practices for disaster notifications for natural disasters, for terrorism events. We just don’t have it for this.” On Wednesday, Schatz said he had convened a phone call with officials from the Federal Communications Commission, the Homeland Security Department, the Pentagon, and other relevant agencies to address the inconsistency. “We think it should be done legislatively, but I don’t know that for sure yet,” he told reporters, explaining that the ultimate goal is to craft “a federal law to establish a framework that states can use.” The way America’s missile-alert system operates is fundamentally different from how citizens are alerted to most other catastrophes, when local authorities often possess the best information. While states and cities are ultimately responsible for alerting civilians of an imminent attack, they lack the ability to detect and track incoming missiles. In the seconds and minutes after a launch, details of the threat would have to cascade through phone calls from the Pentagon to DHS. From there, officials at the Federal Emergency Management Agency would send the warning to at-risk states and localities, whose own alert systems would only then spring into life. That chain of causation was disrupted on Saturday. But David Simpson, a former admiral in the U.S. Navy who ran the FCC’s Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau from November 2013 to January 2017, said federal legislation should seek to dismantle that outdated process altogether. “That’s a 1950s kind of structure,” Simpson said, arguing that machine-to-machine communication technology should be utilized to eliminate lag time and cut down on human error. One way to do that could be for the FCC to create, at the direction of Congress, a unique wireless-alert category for ballistic-missile threats. “That would then ensure that the machine elements of this system could be built around that narrow bucket,” Simpson said. But that still wouldn’t solve the problem entirely. “The machine-to-machine piece of that, so it could be really useful, would require DHS and [Defense Department] plumbing changes that would be beyond the authorities of the FCC,” Simpson said. Simpson largely endorsed Schatz’s plan for a uniform federal missile-alert framework that states and localities can follow. “There’s over 1,000 alert originators at the state and local level, and I would say five, six, seven vendors for the user-interface systems,” he said. In a bid to improve innovation, DHS gave state governments broad leeway to design their own missile-alert interfaces. But Simpson said that decision has clearly come with a cost. “That variation is fine for notification about fire, notification about a tsunami coming in,” Simpson said. “But ballistic-missile warnings ought to be consistent, reliable, secure—because we don’t want it cyberattacked—across the entire country.” Republicans seem receptive to Schatz’s plan for missile-alert legislation. Schatz said he plans to introduce his bill through the Senate Commerce Committee, which is chaired by Republican John Thune. Frederick Hill, a Thune spokesman, told National Journal that the chairman “is considering convening a full committee hearing which would help inform legislative efforts.” House Republicans are further along than their Senate counterparts, with plans to hold an Energy and Commerce hearing on Hawaii’s false missile alert in the coming weeks. On Wednesday, committee chairman Greg Walden said he would be “happy to work” with Schatz on legislation, if needed. “We just haven’t got into the weeds on it,” Walden said. As long as lawmakers can work out issues surrounding committee and agency jurisdiction, Simpson said the chances for bipartisan support are high. But stakeholders from Homeland Security and the Pentagon—as well as the congressional committees that oversee them—will also need to weigh in. And Simpson worries those agencies may be loath to take responsibility for what’s widely viewed as a state-level mistake. “It’s a perfect bipartisan issue, as long as we don’t let the various lobbies and the competition between agencies pervert and potentially dilute the ultimate outcome,” Simpson said. "Two more House Republicans have joined the discharge petition to force votes on immigration, potentially leaving centrists just two signatures short of success. Reps. Tom Reed (R-N.Y.) and Brian Fitzpatrick (R-Pa.) signed the discharge petition Thursday before the House left town for the Memorial Day recess. If all Democrats endorse the petition, just two more GOP signatures would be needed to reach the magic number of 218." Source: FIRED FROM RUSSIAN LAUNCHER Investigators Pin Destruction of Malaysian Airliner on Russia 3 hours ago THE DETAILS "A missile that brought down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine in 2014 was fired from a launcher belonging to Russia's 53rd anti-aircraft missile brigade, investigators said Thursday. The announcement is the first time the investigative team has identified a specific division of the Russian military as possibly being involved in the strike. Russia has repeatedly denied involvement in the incident." Source: THREE INTERVIEWS PLANNED FOR JUNE House GOP Will Conduct New Interviews in Clinton Probe 3 hours ago THE LATEST "House Republicans are preparing to conduct the first interviews in over four months in their investigation into the FBI’s handling of the Clinton email probe. A joint investigation run by the Judiciary and Oversight Committees has set three witness interviews for June, including testimony from Bill Priestap, the assistant director of the FBI’s counterintelligence division, and Michael Steinbach, the former head of the FBI’s national security division." Source: IN OPEN LETTER TO KIM JONG UN Trump Cancels North Korea Summit 5 hours ago THE LATEST GANG OF EIGHT WILL GET SEPARATE MEETING Briefings at White House Will Now Be Bipartisan 7 hours ago THE LATEST "The White House confirmed Wednesday it is planning for a bipartisan group of House and Senate leaders, known as the 'Gang of 8,' to receive a highly-classified intelligence briefing on the FBI's investigation into Russian meddling, reversing plans to exclude Democrats altogether. ABC News first reported the plans to hold a separate briefing for Democrats, citing multiple administration and congressional sources. While details of the bipartisan meeting are still being worked out, a Republican-only briefing will go on as scheduled Thursday."

Tag: Eloy Casados Original US release date: December 5, 2008 Production budget: $25,000,000 Worldwide gross: $27,426,335 There are timely films and then there are films that are before their time. Ron Howard is probably seen by most as a director who frequently makes good or very good films and occasionally makes a great one. Most recently, a lot... Continue Reading →

The summaries of the Colorado Court of Appeals published opinions constitute no part of the opinion of the division but have been prepared by the division for the convenience of the reader. The summaries may not be cited or relied upon as they are not the official language of the division. Any discrepancy between the language in the summary and in the opinion should be resolved in favor of the language in the opinion. SUMMARY February 8, 2018 2018COA12 No. 14CA0144, People v. Trujillo — Criminal Law — Sentencing — Probation — Indeterminate Sentence A division of the court of appeals considers whether a Colorado statute authorizes imposition of a sentence to an indeterminate term of probation and whether the defendant was entitled to the benefit of amendments to the statute criminalizing theft. Relying on People v. Jenkins, 2013 COA 76, 305 P.3d 420, the division concludes that section 18-1.3-202(1), C.R.S. 2017, provides statutory authority for the imposition of an indeterminate probation sentence. Following People v. Stellabotte, 2016 COA 106, ___ P.3d ___ (cert. granted Feb. 6, 2017), the majority further concludes that the defendant is entitled to the benefit of amendments to the theft statute. The partial dissent concludes that the amendments to the theft statute do not apply retroactively, and would therefore affirm the sentence in full. Additionally, the division rejects the defendant’s contentions that reversal is required due to the trial court’s rejection of defense-tendered jury instructions, wrongfully admitted character evidence, and prosecutorial misconduct. However, the division remands for the trial court to make findings of fact concerning the assessment of the costs of prosecution. Accordingly, the division affirms the conviction, affirms the sentence in part, vacates the sentence in part, and remands the case with directions. COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS 2018COA12 Court of Appeals No. 14CA0144 Mesa County District Court No. 11CR447 Honorable Valerie J. Robison, Judge The People of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael Floyd Trujillo, Defendant-Appellant. JUDGMENT AFFIRMED, SENTENCE AFFIRMED IN PART AND VACATED IN PART, AND CASE REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS Division I Opinion by JUDGE TAUBMAN Richman, J., concurs Furman, J., concurs in part and dissents in part Announced February 8, 2018 Cynthia H. Coffman, Attorney General, Joseph G. Michaels, Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee Douglas K. Wilson, Colorado State Public Defender, James S. Hardy, Deputy State Public Defender, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 Defendant, Michael Floyd Trujillo, appeals his judgment of conviction entered on a jury verdict finding him guilty of one count of theft of more than $20,000 and one count of criminal mischief of $20,000 or more. He also appeals his sentence. We perceive no basis for reversing his convictions, but remand for the trial court to make findings of fact regarding the assessment of the costs of prosecution and to reclassify his theft conviction as a class 4 felony. I. Background ¶2 In 2007, Trujillo began building a home, doing much of the labor himself and initially using his own money to fund the project. He later took out a construction loan from the victim, a bank, for just under $255,000. After construction was completed on the house, Trujillo stopped making his monthly loan payments. The bank declined to restructure the loan and initiated foreclosure proceedings in September 2010. ¶3 Before the foreclosure sale, Trujillo removed or destroyed property in the house, including kitchen cabinets, countertops, interior and exterior doors, doorjambs and casings, flooring, baseboards, light fixtures, bathroom fixtures, the fireplace, handrails, the boiler, the air conditioner, and the garage door. 1  Because of this damage, the house was appraised at $150,000; however, the appraiser estimated that if the house were in good repair, it would have been worth $320,000. ¶4 Trujillo was charged with defrauding a secured creditor, theft of $20,000 or more, but less than $100,000, and criminal mischief of $20,000 or more, but less than $100,000. The jury found him not guilty of defrauding a secured creditor and guilty of theft and criminal mischief. ¶5 On appeal, Trujillo raises six contentions: (1) the trial court erred in rejecting defense-tendered jury instructions; (2) the trial court erred in allowing evidence of a prior foreclosure against Trujillo; (3) prosecutorial misconduct during direct examination of a witness and closing rebuttal argument warrants reversal; (4) the trial court imposed an illegal sentence of indeterminate probation; (5) the trial court erred in awarding the People costs of prosecution; and (6) an amendment to the theft statute applies to his conviction. We perceive no basis for reversal with respect to the first four contentions, but agree with Trujillo’s final two contentions. We therefore affirm the convictions and the sentence in part but vacate the sentence in part and remand with directions. 2  II. Jury Instructions ¶6 Trujillo asserts that the trial court erred in rejecting various jury instructions regarding his theory of the case. We disagree. A. Additional Facts ¶7 Throughout trial, the defense’s theory of the case was that Trujillo lacked the requisite intent to commit the charged offenses because he believed that the property he removed from the house belonged to him. The defense tendered five jury instructions related to this theory of the case. ¶8 Trujillo’s tendered jury instructions detailed property law concepts. For example, the first tendered instruction stated that “the person who has title to real property is still the owner of the property even if there is a lien or secured interest on the property.” Another tendered instruction defined “title,” “deed of trust,” and “holder of a certificate of purchase[].” One instruction described the lien theory detailed in section 38-35-117, C.R.S. 2017, and another instructed that title to property “does not vest with the purchaser until eight days after [a] foreclosure sale.” ¶9 The trial court declined to give these instructions as tendered. However, portions of the defense-tendered instructions were 3  included in a final definitional jury instruction. The final instructions defined “deed of trust” and stated that the title to property is transferred to the holder of the certificate of purchase eight days after a foreclosure sale. Though it rejected other portions of the defense-tendered instructions, the trial court permitted defense counsel to argue the issues raised in the instructions during closing argument. ¶ 10 The defense also tendered an instruction which the trial court modified and gave as a theory of the case instruction. That instruction stated, “Trujillo contends that the items removed from the home . . . were his; purchased by him and installed by him. . . . Trujillo conten[d]s that the items that he took and damaged were his sole property.” B. Standard of Review ¶ 11 We review jury instructions de novo to determine whether, as a whole, they accurately informed the jury of the governing law. Riley v. People, 266 P.3d 1089, 1092-93 (Colo. 2011). If the jury instructions properly inform the jury of the law, the district court has “broad discretion to determine the form and style of jury instructions.” Day v. Johnson, 255 P.3d 1064, 1067 (Colo. 2011). 4  Accordingly, we review a trial court’s decision concerning a proposed jury instruction for an abuse of discretion and will not disturb the ruling unless it is manifestly arbitrary, unreasonable, or unfair. Id. ¶ 12 When a defendant objects to the trial court’s ruling on a jury instruction, we review for nonconstitutional harmless error and will thus affirm if “there is not a reasonable probability that the error contributed to the defendant’s conviction.” People v. Garcia, 28 P.3d 340, 344 (Colo. 2001) (quoting Salcedo v. People, 999 P.2d 833, 841 (Colo. 2000)). C. Applicable Law ¶ 13 “[A]n instruction embodying a defendant’s theory of the case must be given by the trial court if the record contains any evidence to support the theory.” People v. Nunez, 841 P.2d 261, 264 (Colo. 1992). Moreover, a trial court has “an affirmative obligation” to work with counsel to correct a tendered theory of the case instruction “or to incorporate the substance of such in an instruction drafted by the court.” Id. at 265; see also People v. Tippett, 733 P.2d 1183, 1195 (Colo. 1987) (a trial court may refuse to give an instruction already embodied in other instructions). 5 ¶ 14 In considering whether a jury was adequately informed of a defendant’s theory of the case, a reviewing court can take into account whether defense counsel’s closing argument “fairly represented” the theory to the jury. People v. Dore, 997 P.2d 1214, 1222 (Colo. App. 1999). D. Analysis ¶ 15 Trujillo contends that the trial court abused its discretion in rejecting the tendered instructions. We disagree. ¶ 16 Trujillo asserts that the tendered instructions were essential because they communicated his theory of the case. However, the trial court instructed the jury on his theory of the case in an instruction that clearly stated that he believed the property he took from the house was “his sole property.” To the extent that the trial court had a duty to work with the defense in crafting a proper theory of defense instruction, we conclude that the trial court fulfilled that duty here by giving an alternative theory of the case instruction that encompassed Trujillo’s tendered instructions. See Nunez, 841 P.2d at 265 n.9. Moreover, the trial court specifically stated that defense counsel would be allowed to incorporate the 6  property law concepts into her closing argument, which defense counsel did. ¶ 17 Trujillo asserts that the instructions he tendered were accurate statements of property law. In contrast, the People argue that the instructions misstated the law as it applies in criminal prosecutions for theft and criminal mischief. Because we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in drafting a theory of defense instruction that encompassed the defense’s tendered instructions, we do not address whether the rejected instructions were accurate statements of the law. ¶ 18 The jury instructions, as a whole, “fairly and adequately cover[ed] the issues presented.” People v. Pahl, 169 P.3d 169, 183 (Colo. App. 2006). Thus, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in rejecting in part the defense-tendered jury instructions. III. Evidence of Prior Foreclosure ¶ 19 Trujillo next asserts that the trial court erred in allowing the People to introduce evidence that another property of his had been foreclosed. We disagree. 7  A. Additional Facts ¶ 20 Before trial, Trujillo filed a motion to exclude evidence of other acts or res gestae evidence. Trujillo’s motion addressed several categories of other acts evidence, including evidence related to any “financial and/or legal problems” unrelated to the charged offenses. During a motions hearing, the People stated that they did not intend to introduce any other acts or res gestae evidence. In a written ruling, the trial court granted Trujillo’s motion to exclude evidence of his unrelated financial and legal problems “unless the prosecution fe[lt] that the ‘door ha[d] been opened.’” The trial court further ordered that, if the People felt Trujillo introduced evidence of his other financial and legal problems, the People could request a bench conference during trial. ¶ 21 On the first day of trial, defense counsel stated that she was withdrawing her motion to exclude other acts evidence insofar as it pertained to evidence of Trujillo’s bankruptcy proceedings. During her opening statement, defense counsel then mentioned those proceedings. ¶ 22 Later, the People called the bank’s former vice president as an expert witness. During direct examination, the prosecutor asked 8  the witness why the bank had declined to restructure Trujillo’s loan. The prosecutor also asked about Trujillo’s demeanor during interactions with the bank. Trujillo objected. After a bench conference, the trial court allowed the witness to testify on both matters. ¶ 23 Specifically, the witness testified that, during a conversation about restructuring the loan, Trujillo “seemed like he was very upset.” The witness recalled, “He got into [that] he had a piece of property that [another bank] had foreclosed on and it sounded like they had sold it for what [Trujillo] believed was a lot less, leaving him a large deficiency balance.” ¶ 24 During closing argument, the People alluded to the witness’s testimony and referred several times to Trujillo’s general animosity against banks. B. Standard of Review ¶ 25 We review a trial court’s decision to admit other acts or res gestae evidence for an abuse of discretion. People v. Jimenez, 217 P.3d 841, 846 (Colo. App. 2008). A court abuses its discretion if its decision to admit such evidence is manifestly arbitrary, unreasonable, or unfair. Id. 9 ¶ 26 We review a preserved claim of nonconstitutional error for harmless error, reversing only if any error “substantially influenced the verdict or affected the fairness of the trial proceedings.” Hagos v. People, 2012 CO 63, ¶ 12, 288 P.3d 116, 119 (quoting Tevlin v. People, 715 P.2d 338, 342 (Colo. 1986)). C. Applicable Law ¶ 27 Evidence is relevant if it has “any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.” CRE 401. Generally speaking, “[t]he Colorado Rules of Evidence strongly favor the admission of relevant evidence.” People v. Brown, 2014 COA 155M-2, ¶ 22, 360 P.3d 167, 172. However, relevant evidence is nevertheless inadmissible when “its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury.” CRE 403. Similarly, evidence of “other crimes, wrongs, or acts” is inadmissible to prove a person’s character “in order to show that he acted in conformity therewith,” though it may be admissible for other purposes, including proving intent. CRE 404(b). 10 ¶ 28 “Res gestae is a theory of relevance which recognizes that certain evidence is relevant because of its unique relationship to the charged crime.” People v. Greenlee, 200 P.3d 363, 368 (Colo. 2009). However, “there is no need to consider an alternative theory of relevance, such as res gestae, where the evidence is admissible under general rules of relevancy.” Id. D. Analysis ¶ 29 Trujillo contends that the evidence of the prior foreclosure action portrayed him as a “serial defaulter” and was impermissible under CRE 404(b) and 403. The People assert that the evidence was admissible as “directly relevant” to Trujillo’s intent and motive. In the alternative, the People argue that the evidence was res gestae evidence. We agree with the People’s first argument that the evidence was admissible under CRE 401, and was not barred by CRE 403.1 1 During the bench conference, the trial court allowed the bank’s former vice president to testify after conducting an abbreviated CRE 404(b) analysis that did not specifically address the four-factor test set forth in People v. Spoto, 795 P.2d 1314, 1318 (Colo. 1990). The trial court did not admit the evidence under the res gestae doctrine. However, we can affirm a trial court’s evidentiary ruling on any ground supported by the record, “even if that ground was not 11 ¶ 30 The evidence of the prior foreclosure was probative of the interactions between Trujillo and the bank — it made it more probable that Trujillo had the requisite intent to commit theft. It was therefore relevant under CRE 401. Further, the risk of unfair prejudice did not substantially outweigh the probative value of the evidence, especially where the prior foreclosure was referenced only in passing and the details of that foreclosure were not revealed. Thus, the evidence was not barred by CRE 403. ¶ 31 Because we conclude that the evidence of the prior foreclosure was relevant under CRE 401 and admissible under CRE 403, we need not address whether the evidence was res gestae evidence or “other acts” evidence under CRE 404(b). See Greenlee, 200 P.3d at 368-69. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in allowing the testimony concerning the prior foreclosure action. IV. Prosecutorial Misconduct ¶ 32 Trujillo argues that the prosecutor improperly commented on the district attorney’s screening process for bringing charges and articulated or considered by the trial court.” People v. Phillips, 2012 COA 176, ¶ 63, 315 P.3d 136, 153. 12  Trujillo’s right not to testify, and improperly denigrated defense counsel. We perceive no basis for reversal. A. Additional Facts ¶ 33 During redirect examination of one of the People’s expert witnesses, an attorney who worked at the bank, the prosecutor asked whether the bank played a role in charging Trujillo. The prosecutor asked if the witness himself made the decision to file a criminal case, to which the witness replied, “No.” The prosecutor then asked, “[W]ho is it, according to your understanding, that makes those decisions on whether a case gets filed criminally?” The witness responded, “A complaint’s made to a police department or sheriff’s department and they make that decision in conjunction with I believe you.” The prosecutor clarified that “you” meant the district attorney’s office. The defense did not object. ¶ 34 During rebuttal closing argument, the prosecutor said, Did you hear all that? [Defense counsel]’s talking about all of this stuff, about what Trujillo’s intent was. And then did you hear her towards the end what she did? She says, and correct – this part was correct of what she said. My job is to prove intent, right. That is my burden. And she’s absolutely right. The Defendant has every right to remain silent, 13  and he exercised that right and that is something that you cannot use against him. But it is completely ridiculous for [defense counsel] to get up here and say that [Trujillo] didn’t testify to what his intent was and then to go on and talk about what his intent actually was. We don’t know what his intent was because he never testified to that, which he has every right to do. But did you hear her? She’s up here saying his intent was this. ¶ 35 Trujillo objected on the basis that the prosecutor was denigrating defense counsel. The trial court sustained the objection as to the prosecutor’s tone, but overruled it as to content. The prosecutor then argued, “[I]f you go out and run somebody over and – and think that you had the right to do that, is that gonna be a legitimate defense by saying, well, I thought I could do that. I didn’t – nobody ever told me. Nobody put it in writing. When I bought my car, in the instruction manual, nothing said that about that. That’s preposterous.” Trujillo did not renew his objection. B. Standard of Review ¶ 36 In reviewing alleged prosecutorial misconduct, an appellate court engages in a two-step analysis. First, we determine whether the prosecutor’s conduct was improper based on the totality of the circumstances. Wend v. People, 235 P.3d 1089, 1096 (Colo. 2010). 14  Second, we determine whether any misconduct warrants reversal under the proper standard of review. Id. ¶ 37 When the alleged misconduct is objected to at trial and is of constitutional magnitude, we review for constitutional harmless error. Id. When the alleged misconduct is not of a constitutional magnitude, and when the defense objected at trial, we subject the prosecutorial misconduct to harmless error review. Id. at 1097. Such prosecutorial misconduct will be considered harmless “whenever there is no reasonable probability that it contributed to the defendant’s conviction.” Crider v. People, 186 P.3d 39, 42 (Colo. 2008). When the defense did not object to the misconduct, we review for plain error. Wend, 235 P.3d at 1097-98. C. Applicable Law ¶ 38 A prosecutor cannot comment on a “screening process” for charging cases “because it both hints that additional evidence supporting guilt exists and reveals the personal opinion of the prosecutor.” Domingo-Gomez v. People, 125 P.3d 1043, 1052 (Colo. 2005). It is also improper for a prosecutor to make remarks “for the obvious purpose of denigrating defense counsel.” People v. Jones, 832 P.2d 1036, 1038 (Colo. App. 1991). It is similarly improper for 15  a prosecutor to comment on a defendant’s decision not to testify. Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609, 614 (1965); see also People v. Martinez, 652 P.2d 174, 177 (Colo. App. 1981) (noting that a prosecutor’s comment on a defendant’s silence constitutes reversible error when “the prosecution argued that such silence constituted an implied admission of guilt”). ¶ 39 Nevertheless, “[a] prosecutor is allowed considerable latitude in responding to the argument made by opposing counsel.” People v. Ramirez, 997 P.2d 1200, 1211 (Colo. App. 1999), aff’d, 43 P.3d 611 (Colo. 2001). Further, “[a]lthough it is improper for a prosecutor to assert that opposing counsel knows that the accused’s case is not meritorious,” the prosecutor may permissibly argue “that the evidence in support of defendant’s innocence lacked substance.” Id. at 1211; see also People v. Samson, 2012 COA 167, ¶ 31, 302 P.3d 311, 317 (stating that a prosecutor may permissibly “comment on the absence of evidence to support a defendant’s contentions”). ¶ 40 Appellate courts consider several factors in determining whether prosecutorial misconduct was prejudicial, including the nature of the error, the pervasiveness of the misconduct, the 16  context, and the overall strength of the evidence supporting the conviction. People v. McBride, 228 P.3d 216, 225 (Colo. App. 2009); see also Crider, 186 P.3d at 43. For example, a reviewing court may consider whether proper jury instructions mitigated the prejudicial effect of prosecutorial misconduct. See People v. Castillo, 2014 COA 140M, ¶ 78, ___ P.3d ___, ___ (concluding prosecutor’s misstatements were harmless in light of instructions from the trial court and the defense’s closing argument) (cert. granted in part Nov. 23, 2015). D. Analysis ¶ 41 Trujillo contends that three instances of prosecutorial misconduct require reversal. We disagree. ¶ 42 Trujillo first contends that the prosecutor improperly referred to a screening process while examining the expert witness. We perceive no prosecutorial misconduct. The prosecutor here did not imply that he had engaged in a screening process to “weed out the weaker cases and, implicitly, that the State d[id] not consider this a weak case.” Domingo-Gomez, 125 P.3d at 1052 (concluding the prosecutor’s comment that “it takes a lot more than somebody saying that person did it” to bring charges was improper). Rather, 17  the prosecutor clarified that the bank did not bring criminal charges and that the witness himself did not stand to gain as a result of Trujillo’s conviction. The People assert, and we agree, that the prosecutor’s question merely elicited testimony to establish that the district attorney’s office was responsible for pursuing the criminal charges against Trujillo. ¶ 43 Second, Trujillo asserts that the prosecutor impermissibly commented on his decision not to testify. We disagree. Even if we assume the comment on Trujillo’s decision not to testify was improper, not every comment on a defendant’s choice not to testify requires reversal. See Martinez, 652 P.2d at 177. “The determining factor is whether the defendant’s silence was used by the prosecution as a means of creating an inference of guilt,” id., and we conclude that the prosecutor’s comments here did not raise such an inference. ¶ 44 Finally, Trujillo contends that the prosecutor impermissibly denigrated defense counsel and the defense’s theory of the case during rebuttal closing argument. We agree that the prosecutor improperly denigrated defense counsel and the defense’s theory of 18  the case when he characterized her arguments as “completely ridiculous” and “preposterous.” ¶ 45 However, we perceive no basis for reversal as a result of these improper remarks. The comments were limited to the People’s rebuttal closing argument. Moreover, significant evidence corroborated the jury’s finding of guilt — specifically, the undisputed evidence that Trujillo had removed an extensive amount of property from the house. Viewing the record as a whole, we cannot say that there was a “reasonable probability” that the prosecutor’s remarks denigrating defense counsel contributed to Trujillo’s convictions. See Crider, 186 P.3d at 42. Thus, we determine the error was harmless. ¶ 46 In sum, though we agree that the prosecutor improperly denigrated defense counsel, we perceive no basis for reversal. V. Indeterminate Probation ¶ 47 Trujillo contends that the trial court did not have the statutory authority to sentence him to indeterminate probation. We disagree. A. Additional Facts ¶ 48 During the sentencing hearing, the People requested that Trujillo be placed on a “long period of probation . . . somewhere in 19  the neighborhood of eight to ten years” because they anticipated that Trujillo would be ordered to pay substantial restitution.2 Trujillo requested unsupervised probation with a collections investigator monitoring his restitution payments. ¶ 49 The trial court imposed an “indefinite probation sentence” because of the substantial restitution that Trujillo was expected to owe. In imposing an indeterminate probation sentence, the trial court stated, “There is case law that talks about whether [indeterminate probation] is something that can or should be imposed and it’s certainly something that is allowed regardless of the type of conviction that has been entered.” ¶ 50 The mittimus states that the sentence imposed was a term of probation for seven years to life. B. Standard of Review ¶ 51 The People contend that we should not consider this claim because a sentence to probation is not ordinarily subject to 2 The trial court ultimately ordered Trujillo to pay $171,421.97 in restitution. Trujillo separately appealed that order, and a division of this court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for reconsideration. People v. Trujillo, (Colo. App. No. 14CA2486, Oct. 5, 2017) (not published pursuant to C.A.R. 35(e)). 20  appellate review. However, “where, as here, a defendant contends that ‘a court has exceeded its statutory authority’ in imposing a probationary sentence, appellate review is warranted.” People v. Jenkins, 2013 COA 76, ¶ 10, 305 P.3d 420, 423 (quoting People v. Rossman, 140 P.3d 172, 174 (Colo. App. 2006)). ¶ 52 “We review sentencing decisions that are within the statutory range for an abuse of discretion.” People v. Torrez, 2013 COA 37, ¶ 71, 316 P.3d 25, 37. However, where the defendant contends that a court exceeded its statutory sentencing authority, our inquiry involves statutory interpretation. Jenkins, ¶ 12, 305 P.3d at 423. We review such issues of statutory interpretation de novo. Id. C. Applicable Law ¶ 53 Under section 18-1.3-202(1)(a), C.R.S. 2017, a trial court “may grant the defendant probation for such period and upon such terms and conditions as it deems best.” Further, “[t]he length of probation shall be subject to the discretion of the court and may exceed the maximum period of incarceration authorized for the classification of the offense of which the defendant is convicted.” Id. ¶ 54 In Jenkins, a division of this court concluded that section 18- 1.3-202(1) “authorizes a trial court to impose an indeterminate term 21  of probation.” Jenkins, ¶ 38, 305 P.3d at 426. The Jenkins division bolstered its conclusion by looking to the plain language of the statute — which the division noted “contemplate[s] both determinate and indeterminate terms of probation” — and to the provision’s legislative history. Id. at ¶¶ 40, 42, 46, 305 P.3d at 426- 28. Finally, the division noted that section 18-1.3-202(1) “generally pertains to a broad class of cases, and it simply allows a trial court to elect an indeterminate term if it sentences an offender who has been convicted of a felony to probation.” Id. at ¶ 50, 305 P.3d at 428 (upholding probationary sentence of ten years to life); see also People v. Martinez, 844 P.2d 1203, 1206 (Colo. App. 1992) (concluding that a trial court has authority to impose a term of probation that exceeds the sentence to imprisonment in the statutory aggravated range for an offense). D. Analysis ¶ 55 Trujillo asserts that the trial court exceeded its statutory authority in imposing an indeterminate probationary sentence. We disagree. ¶ 56 Like the Jenkins division, we conclude that section 18-1.3- 202(1) gives a trial court the authority to sentence a defendant 22  convicted of a felony to an indefinite probationary period. Trujillo urges that the statute limits a trial court’s authority to impose an indeterminate probation sentence. Under Trujillo’s logic, a sentence to probation for 100 years is permissible, but an indeterminate probation sentence is outside the trial court’s statutory authority. The statute offers no basis for reaching this conclusion. ¶ 57 Trujillo asserts that Jenkins is distinguishable because that case concerned whether a defendant convicted of a sex offense not falling under the supervision scheme of the Colorado Sex Offender Lifetime Supervision Act of 1998 (SOLSA), see §§ 18-1.3-1001 to -1012, C.R.S. 2017, could nevertheless be sentenced to indeterminate probation. Jenkins, ¶ 1, 305 P.3d at 422. Trujillo contends that Jenkins was limited to the particular circumstances of that case, and does not widely apply to all offenses and defendants. However, the Jenkins division made clear that section 18-1.3-202(1) “establishes a general rule as far as the possibility of an indeterminate probationary term for felonies” and “authorizes a trial court to impose an indeterminate term of probation.” Id. at ¶¶ 38, 50, 305 P.3d at 426, 428. In fact, Jenkins explicitly rejected the argument that a sentence of indeterminate probation could be 23  imposed only in sex offense cases subject to SOLSA. Id. at ¶¶ 49- 50, 305 P.3d at 428. Thus, Trujillo’s argument that Jenkins is limited to sex offenses is unavailing. ¶ 58 In sum, we conclude that the trial court did not exceed its statutory authority in imposing the probation sentence here. VI. Costs of Prosecution ¶ 59 Trujillo next asserts that the trial court erred in awarding the full costs of prosecution requested by the People without making a finding on whether any portion of the costs was attributable to the charge on which he was acquitted. We agree. A. Additional Facts ¶ 60 Before sentencing, the People moved for reimbursement of the costs of prosecution pursuant to section 18-1.3-701, C.R.S. 2017. The People requested $768.70. Trujillo opposed the motion on the basis that the People bore responsibility for the costs incurred to prove the defrauding a secured creditor charge, of which Trujillo was acquitted. ¶ 61 During the sentencing hearing, the trial court awarded the requested costs of prosecution, ordering Trujillo to pay $768.70. 24  B. Standard of Review ¶ 62 The trial court, in its discretion, may assess reasonable and necessary costs of prosecution against a convicted defendant. See § 18-1.3-701(2)(j.5). Thus, we review an assessment of costs of prosecution for an abuse of discretion, reversing if the trial court’s determination is manifestly arbitrary, unreasonable, or unfair, People v. Palomo, 272 P.3d 1106, 1110 (Colo. App. 2011), or if the trial court misapplied the law, People v. Jefferson, 2017 CO 35, ¶ 25, 393 P.3d 493, 499. C. Applicable Law ¶ 63 Under section 16-18-101(1), C.R.S. 2017, the state bears the costs of prosecution when a defendant is acquitted. Such costs may include witness fees, mileage, lodging expenses, transportation costs, and other reasonable and necessary costs that directly result from prosecuting the defendant. § 18-1.3-701(2); see also People v. Sinovcic, 2013 COA 38, ¶¶ 15-16, 304 P.3d 1176, 1179. If a defendant is convicted of fewer than all of the charged counts, the court may assess only those costs attributable to the counts for which the defendant was convicted, if an allocation is practicable. Palomo, 272 P.3d at 1112. 25  D. Analysis ¶ 64 Trujillo asserts that the trial court erred in not making a finding as to whether some portion of the requested costs of prosecution were allocable to the acquitted charge. We agree. ¶ 65 As Trujillo concedes, it is possible that the costs cannot be allocated between the charge on which he was acquitted and the two charges on which he was convicted. However, the trial court did not find that such an allocation was impracticable. Because the trial court was required to consider whether some portion of the requested costs was practicably attributable to the acquitted charge, the trial court abused its discretion. See DeBella v. People, 233 P.3d 664, 667 (Colo. 2010) (failure to exercise discretion constitutes an abuse of the court’s discretion). ¶ 66 Accordingly, we vacate the order awarding the People costs of prosecution and remand for the trial court to make appropriate findings of fact and “assess only those costs that are related to the prosecution of the . . . counts of which [Trujillo] was convicted, to the extent an allocation is practicable.” Palomo, 272 P.3d at 1113. 26  VII. Amendment to Theft Statute ¶ 67 Trujillo contends that he should have benefited from an amendment to the theft statute reclassifying theft between $20,000 and $100,000 as a class 4 felony. We agree. A. Additional Facts ¶ 68 The General Assembly amended the theft statute on June 5, 2013. See Ch. 373, sec. 1, § 18-4-401, 2013 Colo. Sess. Laws 2196. Under the amended statute, theft between $20,000 and $100,000 constitutes a class 4 felony. See § 18-4-401(2)(h), C.R.S. 2017. Prior to the amendment, theft over $20,000 constituted a class 3 felony. § 18-4-401(2)(d), C.R.S. 2011. ¶ 69 Trujillo was charged with theft of $20,000 or more in April 2011. He was convicted in October 2013 and sentenced in December 2013. His theft conviction was recorded on the mittimus as a class 3 felony. B. Standard of Review ¶ 70 The People assert that, because Trujillo did not make this argument before the trial court, we should review only for plain error. However, the division in People v. Stellabotte rejected this argument. 2016 COA 106, ¶ 42, ___ P.3d ___, ___ (noting that plain 27  error review was inappropriate because “a defendant may raise a claim at any time that his or her sentence was not authorized by law”) (cert. granted Feb. 6, 2017). Following Stellabotte, we review the legality of the sentence de novo. Id. at ¶ 4, ___ P.3d at ___. C. Applicable Law ¶ 71 In determining whether to apply amendments to legislation, we first look to the plain language of the statute. People v. Summers, 208 P.3d 251, 253-54 (Colo. 2009). If a statute explicitly states that it applies only to offenses committed after the effective date, it must be applied accordingly. See People v. McCoy, 764 P.2d 1171, 1174 (Colo. 1988). ¶ 72 As a general rule, “[a] statute is presumed to be prospective in its operation.” § 2-4-202, C.R.S. 2017. However, if a statute is silent as to whether it applies only prospectively, a defendant may seek retroactive application if he or she benefits from a significant change in the law. § 18-1-410(1)(f)(I), C.R.S. 2017; see also People v. Thornton, 187 Colo. 202, 203, 529 P.2d 628, 628 (1974) (allowing defendant to seek relief on direct appeal under statute). ¶ 73 In Stellabotte, a division of this court concluded that the amendatory theft legislation “applies retroactively to cases pending 28  in the trial court when the amendment was enacted.” Stellabotte, ¶ 45, ___ P.3d at ___; People v. Patton, 2016 COA 187, ¶ 32, ___ P.3d ___, ___; see also People v. Patton, (Colo. App. No. 14CA2359, Aug. 11, 2016) (not published pursuant to C.A.R. 35(e)) (cert. granted Feb. 6, 2017). D. Analysis ¶ 74 Trujillo contends that the amendment to the theft statute requires that we vacate his sentence and remand for the trial court to enter his theft conviction as a class 4 felony. We agree. ¶ 75 As the division noted in Stellabotte, the theft amendment does not explicitly state that it is either retroactive or prospective. Stellabotte, ¶ 45, ___ P.3d at ___. In the face of this legislative silence, the division held that a defendant who committed theft prior to the statutory amendment but was not convicted until after its passage was entitled to the benefit retroactively. See id. at ¶¶ 39, 45, ___ P.3d at ___. The same is true here. ¶ 76 Trujillo was charged with theft before the statute was amended, but was not convicted or sentenced until after the General Assembly lowered the classification for theft between 29  $20,000 and $100,000.3 Thus, like the defendant in Stellabotte, Trujillo is entitled to the benefit of the amendment. As a result, we vacate the sentence for the theft conviction and remand for the conviction to be entered as a class 4 felony. ¶ 77 The partial dissent looks to several statutory provisions in support of its conclusion that Trujillo is not entitled to the benefit of the amendatory legislation. First, the partial dissent cites section 2-4-202, which states the general presumption that statutes apply prospectively. However, as the division noted in Stellabotte, section 18-1-410 is a specific exception to the general rule expressed in section 2-4-202. Stellabotte, ¶ 47 n.4, ___ P.3d at ___ n.4. We agree with that analysis. Thus, the general presumption that statutes apply prospectively does not apply here where Trujillo seeks the benefit of a “significant change in the law, . . . allowing in 3 Trujillo asserts that the theft was between $20,000 and $100,000 based on testimony from trial. The People do not contest the value of the stolen property in this case. We therefore assume that Trujillo’s offense properly fell within the value range set forth in section 18-4-401(2)(h), C.R.S. 2017. 30  the interests of justice retroactive application of the changed legal standard.”4 § 18-1-410(1)(f)(I). ¶ 78 The partial dissent also invokes section 2-4-303, C.R.S. 2017, in support of its conclusion. Section 2-4-303 states: The repeal, revision, amendment, or consolidation of any statute or part of a statute or section or part of a section of any statute shall not have the effect to release, extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty, forfeiture, or liability, either civil or criminal, which shall have been incurred under such statute, unless the repealing, revising, amending, or consolidating act so expressly provides. ¶ 79 However, the supreme court has noted that the “general saving” provision codified in this statute is not applicable to criminal cases; instead, the court noted in dictum that it “has 4 The partial dissent also asserts that section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I), C.R.S. 2017, does not provide any relief to Trujillo because that provision requires that “there has been significant change in the law, applied to the [defendant’s] conviction or sentence.” The partial dissent asserts that the phrase “applied to” requires that the legislation expressly state that it applies retroactively. We disagree with that interpretation, and believe that our view finds authority in supreme court case law. See People v. Thomas, 185 Colo. 395, 397, 525 P.2d 1136, 1137 (1974) (noting that “[t]he legislature intended the changed legal standards to apply wherever constitutionally permissible” but making no mention of whether the amendatory legislation reclassifying attempted second degree burglary explicitly stated that it applied retroactively). 31  consistently adhered to the principle . . . that a defendant is entitled to the benefits of amendatory legislation when relief is sought before finality has attached to the judgment of conviction.” Noe v. Dolan, 197 Colo. 32, 36 n.3, 589 P.2d 483, 486 n.3 (1979). ¶ 80 In People v. Boyd, a division of the court of appeals concluded that section 2-4-303 did not prevent the retroactive effect of an amendatory constitutional provision. 2015 COA 109, ¶ 27, 395 P.3d 1128, 1134, aff’d, 2017 CO 2, 387 P.3d 755.5 The division noted the supreme court’s language in Noe. Id. at ¶ 28, 395 P.3d at 1134. To the extent that other supreme court cases included contrary statements, the Boyd division concluded that such statements were dicta and that the supreme court had not overruled or disapproved of either Noe or People v. Thomas, 185 Colo. 395, 398, 525 P.2d 1136, 1138 (1974) (holding that “amendatory legislation mitigating the penalties for crimes should be applied to any case which has not received final judgment”). 5 The supreme court in Boyd affirmed the Court of Appeals decision on different grounds, concluding that the marijuana criminal offense statute had been rendered inoperative by Amendment 64. Neither the majority nor the dissent in Boyd cited section 2-4-303, C.R.S. 2017. 32  Boyd, ¶¶ 29-30, 395 P.3d at 1134-35. Finally, the Boyd division concluded that section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I) controls over section 2-4- 303 because the former sets forth a specific exception to the latter, which codifies a “general rule[] of construction regarding prospective effect for amendatory legislation.” Id. at ¶¶ 31-32, 395 P.3d at 1135. We agree with the Boyd division’s analysis and therefore do not perceive section 2-4-303 as a bar to the relief Trujillo seeks. ¶ 81 In making its statutory arguments, the partial dissent relies on the plain meaning of both section 2-4-303 and section 18-1- 410(1)(f)(I). However, as discussed, the supreme court has not given either provision its plain meaning. Despite express reference in section 2-4-303 to civil and criminal penalties, the supreme court has indicated that the provision does not apply to criminal cases. Noe, 197 Colo. at 36 n.3, 589 P.2d at 486 n.3. Similarly, while section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I) by its express terms applies to defendants seeking postconviction relief, the supreme court has held that the statute also extends to defendants seeking relief on direct appeal. Thornton, 187 Colo. at 203, 529 P.2d at 628. In light of the 33  supreme court’s interpretation of these statutes, we cannot give them the meanings that the partial dissent ascribes to them. ¶ 82 Finally, the partial dissent also relies on Riley v. People, in which the supreme court noted that it has “emphasized that a defendant is not entitled to the ameliorative effects of amendatory legislation if the General Assembly has not clearly indicated its intent to require such retroactive application.” 828 P.2d 254, 258 (Colo. 1992). However, we do not consider this statement to have the controlling effect the partial dissent gives it. In Riley, the defendant committed a crime in April 1988 and sought relief under two sentencing provisions that expressly stated they applied to acts “committed on or after” July 1, 1988. Id. at 255-56. The Riley court held the defendant there was not entitled to relief because applying the statutes retroactively would require the court to ignore the “clear legislative determination” that the amended sentencing provisions would apply only to acts after that date. Id. at 257. ¶ 83 Thus, Riley is readily distinguishable from the present case, where the amendments to the theft statute do not expressly provide an effective date, and the language relied on by the partial dissent is dicta. Accord McCoy, 764 P.2d at 1174 (noting that, where 34  legislation expressly stated it applied to acts committed on or after its effective date, a “defendant does not receive any ameliorative benefit” because “retroactive application of the amendatory legislation is clearly not intended by its own terms”); People v. Macias, 631 P.2d 584, 587 (Colo. 1981) (same). ¶ 84 Thus, we conclude, in accordance with Stellabotte, that Trujillo should receive the benefit of the amendment to the theft statute reclassifying theft between $20,000 and $100,000 as a class 4 felony. See Stellabotte, ¶ 40, ___ P.3d at ___. VIII. Conclusion ¶ 85 Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is affirmed. The sentence is affirmed in part and vacated in part, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with the views expressed in this opinion. JUDGE RICHMAN concurs. JUDGE FURMAN concurs in part and dissents in part. 35  JUDGE FURMAN, concurring in part and dissenting in part. ¶ 86 I respectfully dissent from the majority’s opinion only as to the effect of the 2013 amendments to the theft statute. I conclude that the 2013 amendments to the theft statute do not apply retroactively to Trujillo’s case. I reach this conclusion for several reasons. ¶ 87 First, the General Assembly has made it clear that a “statute is presumed to be prospective in its operation.” § 2-4-202, C.R.S. 2017. The 2013 amendments to the theft statute are silent as to whether they apply prospectively or retroactively. Therefore, I presume that the 2013 amendments are prospective in operation and do not apply to Trujillo’s offense, which occurred before 2013. See id. ¶ 88 Second, an amendment to a criminal statute does not change the penalty for crimes already committed under the statute unless the amendatory legislation expressly provides for such a change. See § 2-4-303, C.R.S. 2017. Section 2-4-303 provides, in relevant part: The . . . amendment . . . of any statute or part of a statute . . . shall not have the effect to release, extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty, forfeiture, or liability, either civil or criminal, which shall 36  have been incurred under such statute, unless the . . . amending . . . act so expressly provides, and such statute or part of a statute . . . so . . . amended . . . shall be treated and held as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any and all proper actions, suits, proceedings, and prosecutions, criminal as well as civil, for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability, as well as for the purpose of sustaining any judgment, decree, or order which can or may be rendered, entered, or made in such actions, suits, proceedings, or prosecutions imposing, inflicting, or declaring such penalty, forfeiture, or liability. Because the 2013 amendments to the theft statute do not expressly provide that they apply retroactively, and Trujillo committed his crime before 2013, he is liable for theft as it was defined when he committed the offense. See id. ¶ 89 Third, in Riley v. People, 828 P.2d 254, 258 (Colo. 1992), our supreme court “emphasized that a defendant is not entitled to the ameliorative effects of amendatory legislation if the General Assembly has not clearly indicated its intent to require such retroactive application.” Id. I consider this statement by the supreme court about its own jurisprudence on this issue to be controlling. 37 ¶ 90 Fourth, section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I), C.R.S. 2017, does not allow Trujillo, on direct appeal, to seek retroactive application of the 2013 amendments to his case. Section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I) allows a defendant to seek retroactive application of a “significant change in the law, applied to” a defendant’s “conviction or sentence.” I believe that the phrase “applied to” reflects the General Assembly’s intent that, for amendatory legislation to apply retroactively to a defendant’s conviction or sentence, the legislation must state that it applies retroactively. Thus, because, as noted, the 2013 amendments do not state that they apply retroactively to Trujillo’s conviction and sentence, he may not seek retroactive application under section 18-1-410(1)(f)(I). ¶ 91 Finally, and with all due respect, I decline to follow People v. Stellabotte, 2016 COA 106 (cert. granted Feb. 6, 2017). Indeed, I agree with Judge Dailey’s dissent in Stellabotte. See id. at ¶¶ 62-70 (Dailey, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). 38 

The two classes `KinesisRecorder` and `KinesisFirehoseRecorder` allow you to interface with Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to stream analytics data for real-time processing. ## What is Amazon Kinesis Data Streams? [Amazon Kinesis Data Streams](http://aws.amazon.com/kinesis/) is a fully managed service for real-time processing of streaming data at massive scale. Amazon Kinesis can collect and process hundreds of terabytes of data per hour from hundreds of thousands of sources, so you can write applications that process information in real-time. With Amazon Kinesis applications, you can build real-time dashboards, capture exceptions and generate alerts, drive recommendations, and make other real-time business or operational decisions. You can also easily send data to other services such as Amazon Simple Storage Service, Amazon DynamoDB, and Amazon Redshift. The Kinesis Data Streams `KinesisRecorder` client lets you store your Kinesis requests on disk and then send them all at once using the [PutRecords](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesis/latest/APIReference/API_PutRecords.html) API call of Kinesis. This is useful because many mobile applications that use Kinesis Data Streams will create multiple requests per second. Sending an individual request under `PutRecord` action could adversely impact battery life. Moreover, the requests could be lost if the device goes offline. Thus, using the high-level Kinesis Data Streams client for batching can preserve both battery life and data. ## What is Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose? [Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose](http://aws.amazon.com/kinesis/firehose/) is a fully managed service for delivering real-time streaming data to destinations such as Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Amazon Redshift. With Kinesis Data Firehose, you do not need to write any applications or manage any resources. You configure your data producers to send data to Firehose and it automatically delivers the data to the destination that you specified. The Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose `KinesisFirehoseRecorder` client lets you store your Kinesis Data Firehose requests on disk and then send them using the [PutRecordBatch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/firehose/latest/APIReference/API_PutRecordBatch.html) API call of Kinesis Data Firehose. For more information about Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, see [Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/firehose/latest/dev/what-is-this-service.html). ## Integrating Amazon Kinesis Set up AWS Mobile SDK components by including the following libraries in your `app/build.gradle` dependencies list. ```groovy dependencies { implementation 'com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-kinesis:2.15.+' implementation ('com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-mobile-client:2.15.+@aar') { transitive = true } } ``` * `aws-android-sdk-kinesis` library enables sending analytics to Amazon Kinesis. * `aws-android-sdk-mobile-client` library gives access to the AWS credentials provider and configurations. Add the following imports to the main activity of your app. ```java import com.amazonaws.mobileconnectors.kinesis.kinesisrecorder.*; import com.amazonaws.mobile.client.AWSMobileClient; import com.amazonaws.regions.Regions; ``` To use Kinesis Data Streams in an application, you must set the correct permissions. The following IAM policy allows the user to submit records to a specific data stream, which is identified by [ARN](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-arns-and-namespaces.html). ```json { "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "kinesis:PutRecords", "Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:us-west-2:111122223333:stream/mystream" }] } ``` The following IAM policy allows the user to submit records to a specific Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. ```json { "Statement": [{ "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "firehose:PutRecordBatch", "Resource": "arn:aws:firehose:us-west-2:111122223333:deliverystream/mystream" }] } ``` This policy should be applied to roles assigned to the Amazon Cognito identity pool, but you need to replace the `Resource` value with the correct ARN for your Amazon Kinesis or Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose stream. You can apply policies at the [IAM console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/iam/). To learn more about IAM policies, see [Using IAM](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/IAM_Introduction.html). To learn more about Amazon Kinesis Data Streams policies, see [Controlling Access to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Resources with IAM](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesis/latest/dev/kinesis-using-iam.html). To learn more about Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose policies, see [Controlling Access with Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/firehose/latest/dev/controlling-access.html). ## Working with the API You can use `AWSMobileClient` to setup the Cognito credentials that are required to authenticate your requests with Amazon Kinesis. ```java AWSMobileClient.getInstance().initialize(getApplicationContext(), new Callback<UserStateDetails>() { @Override public void onResult(UserStateDetails userStateDetails) { Log.i("INIT", userStateDetails.getUserState().toString()); } @Override public void onError(Exception e) { Log.e("INIT", "Initialization error.", e); } } ); ``` Once you have credentials, you can use `KinesisRecorder` with Amazon Kinesis. The following snippet creates a directory and instantiates the `KinesisRecorder` client: ```java String kinesisDirectory = "YOUR_UNIQUE_DIRECTORY"; KinesisRecorder recorder = new KinesisRecorder( myActivity.getDir(kinesisDirectory, 0), Regions.<YOUR-AWS-REGION>, AWSMobileClient.getInstance() ); // KinesisRecorder uses synchronous calls, so you shouldn't call KinesisRecorder methods on the main thread. ``` To use `KinesisFirehoseRecorder`, you need to pass the object in a directory where streaming data is saved. We recommend you use an app private directory because the data is not encrypted. ```java KinesisFirehoseRecorder firehoseRecorder = new KinesisFirehoseRecorder( context.getCachedDir(), Regions.<YOUR-AWS-REGION>, AWSMobileClient.getInstance()); ``` Configure Kinesis: You can configure `KinesisRecorder` or `KinesisFirehoseRecorder` through their properties: You can configure the maximum allowed storage via the `withMaxStorageSize()` method of `KinesisRecorderConfig`. You can retrieve the same information by getting the `KinesisRecorderConfig` object for the recorder and calling `getMaxStorageSize():` ```java KinesisRecorderConfig kinesisRecorderConfig = recorder.getKinesisRecorderConfig(); Long maxStorageSize = kinesisRecorderConfig.getMaxStorageSize(); // Do something with maxStorageSize ``` To check the number of bytes currently stored in the directory passed in to the `KinesisRecorder` constructor, call `getDiskBytesUsed()`: ```java Long bytesUsed = recorder.getDiskBytesUsed(); // Do something with bytesUsed ``` To see how much space the `KinesisRecorder` client is allowed to use, you can call `getDiskByteLimit()`. ```java Long byteLimit = recorder.getDiskByteLimit(); // Do something with byteLimit ``` With `KinesisRecorder` created and configured, you can use `saveRecord()` to save records and then send them in a batch. ```java recorder.saveRecord( "MyData".getBytes(), "MyStreamName"); recorder.submitAllRecords(); ``` For the `saveRecord()` request above to work, you would have to have created a stream named `MyStreamName`. You can create new streams in the [Amazon Kinesis console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/kinesis). If `submitAllRecords()` is called while the app is online, requests will be sent and removed from the disk. If `submitAllRecords()` is called while the app is offline, requests will be kept on disk until `submitAllRecords()` is called while online. This applies even if you lose your internet connection midway through a submit. So if you save ten requests, call `submitAllRecords()`, send five, and then lose the Internet connection, you have five requests left on disk. These remaining five will be sent the next time `submitAllRecords()` is invoked online. Here is a similar snippet for Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose: ```java // Start to save data, either a String or a byte array firehoseRecorder.saveRecord("Hello world!\n"); firehoseRecorder.saveRecord("Streaming data to Amazon S3 via Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose is easy.\n"); // Send previously saved data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose // Note: submitAllRecords() makes network calls, so wrap it in an AsyncTask. new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() { @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... v) { try { firehoseRecorder.submitAllRecords(); } catch (AmazonClientException ace) { // handle error } } }.execute(); ``` To learn more about working with Kinesis Data Streams, see the [Amazon Kinesis Data Streams resources](http://aws.amazon.com/kinesis/developer-resources/). To learn more about the Kinesis Data Streams classes, see the [class reference for KinesisRecorder](https://aws-amplify.github.io/aws-sdk-android/docs/reference/com/amazonaws/mobileconnectors/kinesis/kinesisrecorder/KinesisRecorder.html). To learn more about the Kinesis Data Firehose classes, see the [class reference for KinesisFirehoseRecorder](https://aws-amplify.github.io/aws-sdk-android/docs/reference/com/amazonaws/mobileconnectors/kinesis/kinesisrecorder/KinesisFirehoseRecorder.html).

Sun aims powerful flares at Earth Top: Two large sunspot groups are visible in this image of the sun obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Below: This SOHO image shows a large filament eruption that occurred February 26. The disk in the center is a mask that blocks out direct sunlight. By Richard Stenger CNN Interactive Staff Writer March 1, 2000 Web posted at: 3:24 p.m. EST (2024 GMT) (CNN) -- The sun should place the Earth squarely in its sights this week as it aims its solar ray gun. Astronomers tell terrestrial dwellers not to sweat it too much, despite the fact that solar activity is approaching an 11-year peak. Two large sunspots moving across the surface of the sun are expected to directly face the Earth soon for up to several days, according to solar scientists. Such sunspots often herald powerful coronal mass ejections and solar flares, space storms that can disrupt weather and electrical systems on Earth. Solar flares are the largest explosions in the solar system. A typical one can release the energy equivalent of millions of 100-megaton hydrogen bombs exploding at once. Highly charged particles from large flares can overload power grids and damage satellites. In 1989, one space storm knocked out a major power plant in Canada, leaving millions without power for hours. Solar activity generally waxes and wanes during an 11-year cycle and astronomers expect it to peak either this or next year. But so far, the sun has produced only a "disappointing" level of fireworks, said Joseph Gurman, a solar physicist who analyzes data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Coronal mass ejections are much more likely to produce effects, Gurman said. Like flares, they send streams of highly charged particles, but they also can emit a billion tons of plasma, or ionized gas. Fortunately the Earth's magnetosphere usually bears the brunt of plasma particles. "If we were exposed to them, we literally would be fried," Gurman said.

For the Democratic Party, a pliant and friendly news media is both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, the corporate press's eagerness to rehabilitate Democratic officials after even the most shameful and despicable acts has made it possible for some of the party’s worst actors to maintain political power with relative ease. Then again, the news media’s reflexively and reliably soft coverage of left-wing lawmakers has made the chief benefactors of this cozy relationship both soft and complacent. Democratic officials and candidates have been lulled into a false sense of security, ignoring or forgetting the benefits that come with being tempered by a thorough, brutal vetting. The downside to the corporate media’s mostly hands-off approach to covering Democratically aligned lawmakers was never clearer than it was during the Feb. 19 primary debate in Las Vegas, Nevada. Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who spent much of the evening having his entrails ripped out by his 2020 opponents and paraded around the stage, managed to get in one good blow against Sen. Bernie Sanders, going after the Vermont lawmaker for his conspicuous wealth. “What a wonderful country we have,” said the former mayor. “The best-known socialist in the country happens to be a millionaire with three houses. What did I miss here?” “Well,” an irate Sanders said, “You'll miss that I work in Washington, house one. ” Bloomberg interjected, “That's the first problem.” “Live in Burlington, house two,” the senator continued. The former mayor interrupted again, “That's good.” “And like thousands of other Vermonters, I do have a summer camp. Forgive me for that. Where is your home? Which tax haven do you have your home?” Sanders demanded, hopelessly losing the exchange. “New York City, thank you very much,” Bloomberg said to applause, “and I pay all my taxes.” The most remarkable thing about the exchange is not that Sanders was so easily baited by Bloomberg into making a sloppy, blindly angry defense but that it marked the first time in the 2020 campaign season that anyone, Democrat, reporter, or debate moderator, pressed the 2020 Democratic primary front-runner to reconcile his own considerable fortune with his core message of confiscating wealth from business owners. How did Sanders make it through nine debates without a fellow Democrat or debate moderator asking him to respond to the most obvious criticism he will face should he go up against Trump? The 2016 election was a “takers versus makers” election. It is astonishing, then, that it took for a 2020 Democratic primary candidate who is not even on the ballot in Nevada or South Carolina to ask the millionaire socialist senator about his three houses. I guess that is what happens when you schedule all your primary debates with only friendly news networks. This gets to the precise problem of the too-friendly relationship between the Democratic Party and the corporate media. It is a double-edged sword that allows terrible men to weather what should be career-ending scandals and missteps but also leads to their entire party getting lazy and soft. Not having to worry about a tough, combative press is how you get incidents such as the 2020 Democratic front-runner being totally unprepared to answer the most obvious criticism of his campaign. If Sanders's disastrous handling of Bloomberg's no-brainer broadside is a portent of things to come, the general election meat grinder will be a straight-up bloodbath for Democrats.

/// /// Copyright (c) 2016 Dropbox, Inc. All rights reserved. /// /// Auto-generated by Stone, do not modify. /// #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "DBSerializableProtocol.h" @class DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy; NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN #pragma mark - API Object /// /// The `SharedFolderJoinPolicy` union. /// /// Policy governing which shared folders a team member can join. /// /// This class implements the `DBSerializable` protocol (serialize and /// deserialize instance methods), which is required for all Obj-C SDK API route /// objects. /// @interface DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy : NSObject <DBSerializable, NSCopying> #pragma mark - Instance fields /// The `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyTag` enum type represents the /// possible tag states with which the `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` /// union can exist. typedef NS_CLOSED_ENUM(NSInteger, DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyTag){ /// Team members can only join folders shared by teammates. DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyFromTeamOnly, /// Team members can join any shared folder, including those shared by users /// outside the team. DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyFromAnyone, /// (no description). DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyOther, }; /// Represents the union's current tag state. @property (nonatomic, readonly) DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicyTag tag; #pragma mark - Constructors /// /// Initializes union class with tag state of "from_team_only". /// /// Description of the "from_team_only" tag state: Team members can only join /// folders shared by teammates. /// /// @return An initialized instance. /// - (instancetype)initWithFromTeamOnly; /// /// Initializes union class with tag state of "from_anyone". /// /// Description of the "from_anyone" tag state: Team members can join any shared /// folder, including those shared by users outside the team. /// /// @return An initialized instance. /// - (instancetype)initWithFromAnyone; /// /// Initializes union class with tag state of "other". /// /// @return An initialized instance. /// - (instancetype)initWithOther; - (instancetype)init NS_UNAVAILABLE; #pragma mark - Tag state methods /// /// Retrieves whether the union's current tag state has value "from_team_only". /// /// @return Whether the union's current tag state has value "from_team_only". /// - (BOOL)isFromTeamOnly; /// /// Retrieves whether the union's current tag state has value "from_anyone". /// /// @return Whether the union's current tag state has value "from_anyone". /// - (BOOL)isFromAnyone; /// /// Retrieves whether the union's current tag state has value "other". /// /// @return Whether the union's current tag state has value "other". /// - (BOOL)isOther; /// /// Retrieves string value of union's current tag state. /// /// @return A human-readable string representing the union's current tag state. /// - (NSString *)tagName; @end #pragma mark - Serializer Object /// /// The serialization class for the `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` /// union. /// @interface DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicySerializer : NSObject /// /// Serializes `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` instances. /// /// @param instance An instance of the `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` /// API object. /// /// @return A json-compatible dictionary representation of the /// `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` API object. /// + (nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)serialize:(DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy *)instance; /// /// Deserializes `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` instances. /// /// @param dict A json-compatible dictionary representation of the /// `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` API object. /// /// @return An instantiation of the `DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy` /// object. /// + (DBTEAMPOLICIESSharedFolderJoinPolicy *)deserialize:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict; @end NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

Primary care for women. Comprehensive assessment and management of common mental health problems. This article emphasizes the importance of the role of the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) in the primary care assessment of, and appropriate referral for women with mental health problems, especially in cases of psychiatric emergencies. Essential aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the more common psychiatric problems are included, and the treatment modalities that are considered when referral results in psychiatric intervention are reviewed. In addition, the overall prevalence of mental health problems in women, the frequency with which primary care providers may encounter mental health problems, and issues of mental health care utilization are discussed.

When Rudy Gay left the game with a left knee injury late in the first quarter, memories of the Sacramento Kings’ (16-22) recent poor play minus a star resurfaced. The thought came to fruition as DeMarcus Cousins joined him on the sidelines in the waning seconds of regulation, and the short-handed Kings fell to the visiting Dallas Mavericks (27-12), 108-104. The Kings are currently 2-2 on their six-game home stand and return to action on Friday in a contest against the Miami Heat. Join Cowbell Kingdom’sJames Ham as he recaps the action from the floor of Sleep Train Arena. Golden State Warriors Projected Starters (31-22) What to watch 1. Can the Kings win without DeMarcus Cousins? The Kings are 0-7 without their starting center and it looks like Cousins will miss another game on Wednesday with a strained left hip flexor. Andrew Bogut is questionable for the Warrior with left shoulder inflammation, as is reserve Jermaine O’Neal (sore back). This game might turn into a track meet, which doesn’t bode well for Sacramento. 2. Can the Kings defend the 3-point line? Sacramento ranks 28th in the league against the long ball. The Warriors starting backcourt of Curry and Thompson have already shot close to 800 3-pointers on the season. If the Kings don’t stay with Golden State’s shooters, they have very little chance of pulling off the upset. 3. How do the Kings players handle the trade rumors? The trade deadline is 12pm PST on Thursday and the rumors are swirling. Do the Kings players crumble under the pressure or do they come out swinging in what might be their last game in Sacramento? According to an NBA source, Sacramento Kings point guard Isaiah Thomas underwent an MRI earlier Tuesday on his left wrist. Counter to other media reports, the results of the tests were negative and Thomas is not expected to miss any time with the injury. Since taking over the starting position 35 games ago, Thomas is averaging 21.5 points, 6.9 assists and 1.3 steals per game in 37.5 minutes. But rumors that he was having some discomfort in his wrist began a few weeks back. Recently, his shooting numbers have taken a dramatic dip, beginning in January when he shot just 41.2 percent from the field and 32.7 percent from long range. Thomas’s overall field goal percentage has bounced back in the month of February, but his 3-point percentage for the seven games this month is 24.1 percent. Thomas and rookie guard Ben McLemore were the subject of a trade rumor on Monday, but coach Michael Malone and general manager Pete D’Alessandro refuted the reports following practice on Tuesday afternoon. “The report that was, I think on Yahoo!, about our offer to Boston was so erroneous and I don’t know where it came from,” Malone told reporters on Tuesday. “We dispel the rumors that are out there that we know are not true, but at the same time, this is a business and you have no idea what can happen up until trade deadline. I think all of our players realize that.” With injuries and possible trade rumors swirling, it should be a wild couple of days in Sacramento. DeMarcus Cousins Injury Update Thomas wasn’t the only Kings player to undergo an MRI today. For the second straight day, center DeMarcus Cousins made a trip to the doctors office for testing. Results of the first MRI were inconclusive, but a second test confirmed the Kings medical staff’s earlier diagnosis of a strained left hip flexor. Cousins has been unable to participate in practice since returning from the All-Star break. He is listed as day-to-day, but considered doubtful for Wednesday’s match-up against the Golden State Warriors. Hamady Ndiaye out of Rutgers and DeQuan Jones out of Florida are the only late additions. Ndiaye was in camp last season with Sacramento and left a solid impression. After being waived by the Kings, the 26-year old center spent last season playing for Tianjin Ronggang Golden Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association. Jones played in 63 games last season with the Orlando Magic, including 17 starts. He averaged 3.7 points per game in a little under 13 minutes a game. Last season it was high ropes courses in Colorado Springs, Co. This year, the Sacramento Kings open training camp away from home again, but instead of the Team USA practice facility in Colorado, it will be on the sandy beaches of Santa Barbara, CA. Camp will run from Oct. 1-6 at the Pavilion Gym on the University of California, Santa Barbara campus. The team will head back to Northern California for their pre-season opener on the road against the Golden State Warriors on October 7, before heading to Las Vegas to take on the Lakers on Oct. 10. After the initial week away, the Kings will continue camp in Sacramento at the team’s practice facility in Natomas. Cowbell Kingdom has grown exponentially since its founding in 2009 and we want to make sure we know our audience. The information you provide in this brief survey will be used to help us better serve you. For your participation, you will be automatically entered into a contest to win a copy of the 2013-14 Sacramento Kings Dancers calendar and a “Blackout” t-shirt commemorating last season’s first home game. But there’s probably no other player more overlooked and underrated on this season’s roster than the fourth-year guard. Just look no further than ESPN.com’s annual NBA Rank, which appraises the value of the league’s top 500 players. The 25-year-old guard moved up just five spots (no. 136 in 2011 to no. 131 in 2012) in this year’s rankings. These were the five players ranked just ahead of Thornton in the 2012 forecast: Such is life on a bad team with little to no national exposure. However, those who follow the Kings closely know just how valuable Thornton is, especially his competition. “He’s become an outstanding scorer in this league,” said Dallas Mavericks guard Darren Collisonback in January of his former New Orleans Hornets teammate. “He’s definitely made a niche in this league as far as (being) a big time scorer. “He can shoot the ball extremely well and he can do a lot of different things off the pick and roll,” added Collison. “And he’s exceptionally quick too.” In their rookie year, Collison and Thornton formed an explosive and exciting young backcourt for the Hornets. Though they’ve since gone their separate ways, the two remain close. Thornton worked out last offseason with Collison in Los Angeles during the lockout. The fourth-year guard out of UCLA thinks Sacramento is a good fit for his old teammate. He believes Thornton will only continue to improve with the Kings’ green nucleus. “This is a young team that’s going to be good in the near future,” Collison said. “He has a starting role here, so anytime you have a starting role, it’s always a good fit. And he’s one of their best scorers, too.” Averaging 18.7 points per game, Thornton led the Kings in scoring last season and usually found himself as their go-to-guy in clutch situations. The next step for Thornton, according to another former teammate, is becoming an accomplished defender. “He’s always been a capable scorer,” said Indiana Pacers big man David West. “Key for him has always been for him to play as hard defensively as he does offensively.” As explosive as he is with the ball, Thornton could stand to see some improvement on the defensive end. The Louisiana native finished in the bottom three among his 15 teammates in defensive rating. “We would challenge him to do the same thing on the defensive end,” said West of his days with Thornton in New Orleans. “Make him more of a complete ball player.” However like Collison, West thinks Thornton will continue to find success in the league. “He’s a strong-minded, tough-minded kid,” West said. “I knew that once he got an opportunity to just get in a system that worked for him and bring out his best skills, he’d do well.” The Kings may not belong to Marcus Thornton. But his importance to their success isn’t an understatement. Twenty-five years ago today, Sacramento Kings Head Coach Keith Smart hit a shot that changed his life forever. No matter where I go, people talk about it. Once they recognize me or see a nametag on my bag or something like that, they start talking about “The Shot”. So it’s a great moment and I’m glad it went in, but wasn’t just something for me. We just had our 25 year championship reunion. And we all got together and it wasn’t so much what we all did in the tournament and our careers. It was a friendship and a relationship that we have now that that moment brings us all together. Diehard Sacramento Kings fan Kevin Fippin wanted to propose to his long-time girlfriend Lydia Nicolaisen. So before he popped the question on New Year’s Eve, he recruited the services of a Sacramento Kings fan favorite.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monoallelic disorder associated with progressive cyst development and resulting in end stage renal failure (ESRD) in 50% of patients by 60y. However, there is considerable phenotypic variability, extending from in utero onset to patients with adequate renal function into old age. Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD), as traditionally defined, results in PLD with minimal renal cysts. Classically there have been considered two ADPKD genes, PKD1 and PKD2, encoding PC1 and PC2, and two ADPLD genes, PRKCSH and SEC63, but in the past few years greater genetic heterogeneity has been described, with nine genes now implicated overall. Recent data also indicates an overlap in etiology and pathogenesis associated with ADPKD and ADPLD, with the efficient biogenesis and localization of the PC-complex central to both disorders. During the last funding period we identified a novel gene, GANAB, which is associated with both disorders, where the encoded protein, GII?? is involved in the maturation and trafficking of PC1. In this proposal we will take advantage of advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies, and large populations of ADPKD and ADPLD patients that have been assembled and screened for the classic genes, to hunt for novel genes for these disorders (Aim 1). The phenotype associated with these genes will be characterized (Aim 3) along with their mechanism of action (Aim 2). NGS methods will be perfected to screen the segmentally duplicated locus, PKD1, and to identify missed mutations at the known loci, including those present in just some cells due to mosaicism (Aim 1). The significance of many PKD1 nontruncating variants has been difficult to evaluate (classed as variants of unknown significance; VUS), but recently evidence that some are incompletely penetrant alleles partially explains phenotypic variability in PKD1 populations. In Aim 2 improved in silico predictions, in combination with machine learning, will improve the understanding of the pathogenicity and penetrance of VUS. A cellular assay of the biogenesis and trafficking of this PC-complex will also be employed to quantify the penetrance of VUS. The mechanism of pathogenesis will be explored in animal models with ultralow penetrant (ULP) Pkd1 or Pkd2 alleles. Employing the large clinically, imaging, and genetically well-defined populations phenotypic groupings of patients will be defined that will then be compared to the genic and PKD1 allelic groups (Aim 3). This iterative process will allow the Variant Score (VS) associated with each PKD1 VUS to be refined. In a separate population the revised VS, alone and in combination with clinical, functional, and imaging data, will be employed to generate a comprehensive, predictive algorithm for ADPKD (Aim 3). Disease modifiers to severe disease, via biallelic ADPKD, and due to alleles at other loci will also be identified and characterized in the cellular assay and in vivo in combination with the Pkd1 hypomorphic, RC model. The final aim will exploit the newly identified information that some PKD1 and PKD2 VUS are rescuable, folding mutations that in a maturation-fostering environment can traffic and function appropriately. A screening scheme based on the level of cell surface PC1 will be improved and new chaperone drugs specific for the PC complex will be sought in collaboration with Sanford Burnham Prebys. A second mutation group that will be explored therapeutically are nonsense mutations. A cellular assay for readthrough efficiency is being developed and will be used for screening. Identified chaperone or readthrough drugs will be tested in available mouse models. Overall this proposal will better explain the etiology and the genetic causes of phenotypic variability in ADPKD/ADPLD, develop better prognostic tools for individual selection of patients for treatment that are now becoming available, and explore allele based treatments for ADPKD.

A VISUALLY STUNNING architectural biography of Minnesota’s most influential architect of the twentieth century. Architect, artist, furniture designer, and educator, Ralph Rapson has played a leading role in the development and practice of modern architecture and design, both nationally and internationally. “Ralph Rapson is now a legend in the history of modern architecture.” —Cesar Pelli, FAIA REVIEW: Barbara Flanagan/The New York Times Ralph Rapson is best known as the designer of the Gutherie, Minneapolis’s landmark of theater design, but because he worked, taught and competed with most of the world’s first modernists–Wright, Mies, Corbusier, Saarinen–his elder son and biographer calls him “the Forest Gump of architecture.” Ralph Rapson: Sixty Years of Modern Design, by Rip Rapson, Jane King Hession and Bruce N. Wright, documents the architect’s vast career and uncanny associations. Rapson believed design should be reflect the moment–furniture, houses, cities–but his take on modernism was never pompous. He perpetuated endless ideas–still fresh–vibrant drawings and youthful pranks. (He had his students hoist famous visitors upside down, including the stocky Buckminister Fuller, and footprint the ceiling with their bare soles.) The book shows how one can be talented, influential and happy, all the while remaining internationally obscure. It also tells, discreetly, how one man can achieve all this single-handedly: with his right forearm amputated at birth, Ralph Rapson drew with his left hand.

All Studio Posts The upcoming AES 54th International Conferencem focusing on audio forensics, is set to take place June 12-14, 2014, at the Holiday Inn Bloomsbury in London. Dedicated to exploring techniques, technologies and advancements in the field of audio forensics, the conference will provide a platform for sharing research related to the forensic application of speech/signal processing, acoustical analyses, audio authentication and the examination of methodologies and best practices. Chairpersons for this conference are Mark Huckvale and Jeff M. Smith. This marks… View this post From the archives of the late, great Recording Engineer/Producer (RE/P) magazine, enjoy this in-depth discussion with engineer/ producer Val Garay, conducted by Robert Carr. This article dates back to the October 1983 issue. As a natural extension to his career as a musician during the early Sixties, Val Garay’s love for music lead him to pursue the art and science of audio engineering. Starting in 1969, he apprenticed at the Sound Factory, Hollywood, under rock-recording legend Dave Hassinger (Rolling Stones,… View this post Studio Technologies recently became Audinate’s 100th Dante licensee and is embracing the audio-over-Ethernet movement by developing a line of Dante-enabled products. “Studio Technologies prides itself on developing specialized solutions for its customers,” says Studio Technologies president Gordon Kapes. “Our users rely on us to deliver products that will enhance their workflow in both fixed and mobile broadcast applications. Dante has proven its technological excellence, and we are convinced that it is the correct, progressive solution for adding networking technology to… View this post Software company Plugin Alliance has announced the availability of bx_refinement and bx_saturator V2, two new native plug-ins from German software developer Brainworx. bx_refinement is the brainchild of mastering engineer Gebre Waddell of Stonebridge Mastering, who designed the original prototype as a tool to remove harshness, a problem he was encountering more and more in his work due to the transition to digital and the prevalence of over-compressed mixes. “Harsh recordings are one of the most common problems mixing and mastering… View this post Located outside Dallas, Cool Pony Media is a record label and artist development company that works with various music genres, as well as score-to-picture work. Brothers and co-founders, Mark and Mike Stitts, recently did an upgrade in part of their studio with help from API, and as a result, the team now uses THE BOX console on a daily basis for writing, tracking, creating stems, and mixing. “We’re amazed,” says Mark Stitts. “We have quite a bit of other API… View this post Article provided by Home Studio Corner. If you’ve been mixing for any length of time, you know how valuable the high-pass filter (HPF) can be. It removes excess low end from your non-bass-heavy tracks, allowing you to clean up the low frequencies, making room for the kick and bass. But then there’s this thing called a low frequency shelf. What’s that all about? In the picture below you can see both a high-pass filter and a low-frequency shelf. A… View this post Radial Engineering has announced that it has taken on the global sales, marketing and distribution of the Jensen Iso-Max range of products. Iso-Max is a range of isolators that provide ground isolation and noise abatement for audio and video in broadcast, home theater and commercial AV integration. Radial has a long history with Jensen. According to company president Peter Janis: “When Radial was founded in 1992, we started life as a distributor. One of our first product lines was Jensen.… View this post DPA Microphones has announced the appointment of Direct Imports as its distributor in New Zealand, signaling the company’s continued commitment toward growth and customer service in the country. From its headquarters in Hastings, Hawkes Bay, Direct Imports will carry a full stock of DPA products for live, recording and broadcast applications. “We are delighted to have been appointed the New Zealand distributor for DPA Microphones and honored to have this outstanding brand join our portfolio and complement our current range… View this post Record Factory Music Academy, a music production education facility in downtown Seoul, South Korea, delivers real-world recording experience to students, which is now aided with the addition of a Solid State Logic AWS 924 hybrid console/controller in its newly built studios. More than 1,000 students have gained an education since Record Factory Music Academy was established. Through hands-on workshops covering everything from MIDI production to in-studio engineering and music video creation, the facility is gaining a reputation for its advanced… View this post

From the mid-1960's until the close of that decade, automobiles became lighter, more compact, and more powerful. Auto manufacturers continued to compete against one another for drag-strip supremacy. As government regulations and safety concerns increased, the muscle car era began to decline rapidly. Many of these ultimate high-performance muscle cars were built to satisfy homologation requirements. Others were built just to have the fastest machine on the road. The Plymouth Hemi 'Cuda is an example of one of the fiercest and most powerful vehicle ever constructed for the roadway. It was derived from the lesser Barracuda's which began in the mid-1960's. It was built atop the 'E' body platform and was restyled in 1970 by John Herlitz, making it longer, wider, and lower. The 426 cubic-inch Hemi V8 was capable of producing an astonishing 425 horsepower. Matted to a four-speed manual 833 transmission, this was the ultimate muscle car of its day. This 1971 Plymouth Hemi 'Cuda Convertible with black paint and orange billboards was offered for sale at the 2006 RM Auction in Monterey, CA where it was expected to sell between $180,000-$220,000. It came equipped from the factory with power windows, power brakes, power steering, Rally instrument cluster, rim blow steering wheel, bucket seats, AM/FM cassette radio, and driving lights. It has a Dana '60' rear end and the 426 cu in engine. It is one of just 374 'Cda Convertibles built in 1971. On auction day bidding reached $165,000 which was not high enough to satisfy reserve. The vehicle was left unsold.By Daniel Vaughan | Dec 2006 This 'Cuda Convertible was given a show-quality restoration to original specifications and is one of just 374 examples originally produced for the 1971 model year. It is believed to be one of just 87 383-powered convertibles produced for the last year of 'Cuda convertible production in 1971. The 383 cubic-inch V8 has four-barrel carburetors and is capable of producing 300 horsepower. There is a TorqueFlite three-speed automatic gearbox and four-wheel hydraulic brakes. The car is finished in Tawny Gold, with a white interior and a white power-operated convertible top. Features include dual chrome-tipped exhaust outlets, floor console, hood pins, power brakes, power steering, Rallye wheels, a 'Slap Stik' shifter and a 'Tuff' steering wheel. In 2010, this 'Cuda Convertible was offered for sale at the Vintage Motor Cars of Meadow Brook presented by RM Auctions. The car was estimated to sell for $60,000 - $70,000. As bidding came to a close, the car had been sold for the sum of $44,000 including buyer's premium.By Daniel Vaughan | Aug 2010 V8 Cuda Convertible The 3rd generation Barracuda ran from 1970 through 1974; the previous generations were A-body Valiant based which began in 1964. Designed by John E. Herlitz on the 108-inch wheelbase, unibody, E-platform, a shorter and wider version of the existing B-body. This example has the non-Hemi 340 cubic-inch V8 with automatic and it is a stock example. 1971 was the only year for four headlamps. Somehow, this model series didn't sell to expectation and production slowed over the years, making the cars quite rare today. An unaltered car is even more rare. V8 Cuda Hard Top Coupe The writing was on the wall by 1971 for the muscle car enthusiast. With rising gas prices and skyrocketing insurance rates, the days of the overpowered and often low priced performance automobile were numbered. For the big three, it seems that the decision was made to go out with a bang, and some of the rarest and most desirable muscle cars ever to come out of the Motor City were produced. Among the hottest is the Hemi 'Cuda, produced for a mere two model years. In 1970, it is believed that Plymouth produced just 696 Hemi 'Cuda hardtops and for 1971, a mere 118 would leave the line. Wild colors would survive for the 1971 model year and Chrysler would lead the pack with their Hi-Impact color palate. Several eye popping colors were offered, including Sassy Grass Green as seen on this example, which is one of the rarest offerings. When it comes to American Muscle, the Plymouth hemi 'Cuda is always at the top of the list. And when it comes to rarity and desirability, nothing compares to a 1971 Hemi ' Cuda. No matter what make or model you may prefer, there is no disputing the visual impact of the 426 Street Hemi engine. With the massive valve covers and the huge dual quad carbs, it certainly takes top honors when it comes to intimidation. To add the outrageous FC7 in Violet, (aka Plum Crazy) paint to the mix is to take things a step beyond. This 1971 Hemi 'Cuda exemplifies what Mopar Performance was all about in the final years of the original Muscle Car era. With a mere 107 leaving the Hamtramck, Michigan assembly plant with the Hemi engine under the shaker hood, these cars were rare even when new. This car is one of just 48 equipped with the Torqueflite automatic transmission and it also features the rare leather interior, elastomeric color keyed bumpers, power steering and power front disc brakes, a center console, the AM radio with the Dictaphone cassette recorder, tinted glass, dual color keyed mirrors and more, making it one of the highest option 1971 Hemi 'Cuda's in existence. Of course, when new these cars were flogged not only on the street, but at the tracks throughout the country, making this example among the most sought after and valuable American muscle cars ever built. The first series of the Barracuda was produced from 1964 through 1969, distinguished by its A-body construction. From 1970 through 1974 the second series was produced using an E-body construction. In 1964, Plymouth offered the Barracuda as an option of the Valiant model line, meaning it wore both the Valiant and Barracuda emblems. The base offering was a 225 cubic-inch six-cylinder engine that produced with 180 horsepower. An optional Commando 273 cubic-inch eight-cylinder engine was available with a four-barrel carburetor, high-compression heads and revised cams. The vehicle was outfitted with a live rear axle and semi-elliptic springs. Unfortunately, the Barracuda was introduced at the same time, separated by only two weeks, as the Ford Mustang. The Mustang proved to be the more popular car outselling the Valiant Barracuda by a ratio of 8 to 1. The interior was given a floor-shifter, vinyl semi-bucket seats, and rear seating. The rear seats folded down allowing ample space for cargo. By 1967, Plymouth redesigned the Barracuda and added a coupe and convertible to the model line-up. To accommodate larger engines, the engine bay was enlarged. There were multiple engine offerings that ranged in configuration and horsepower ratings. The 225 cubic-inch six-cylinder was the base engine while the 383 cubic-inch 8-cylinder was the top-of-the-line producing 280 horsepower. That was impressive, especially considering the horsepower to weight ratio. Many chose the 340 cubic-inch eight-cylinder because the 383 and Hemi were reported to make the Barracuda nose-heavy while the 340 offered optimal handling. In 1968 Plymouth offered a Super Stock 426 Hemi package. The lightweight body and race-tuned Hemi were perfect for the drag racing circuit. Glass was replaced with lexan, non-essential items were removed, and lightweight seats with aluminum brackets replaced the factory bench, and were given a sticker that indicated the car was not to be driven on public highways but for supervised acceleration trials. The result was a car that could run the quarter mile in the ten-second range. For 1969 a limited number of 440 Barracudas were produced, giving the vehicle a zero-to-sixty time of around 5.6 seconds. In 1970 the Barracuda were restyled but shared similarities to the 1967 through 1969 models. The Barracuda was available in convertible and hardtop configuration; the fastback was no longer offered. Sales were strong in 1970 but declined in the years that followed. The muscle car era was coming to a close due to the rising government safety and emission regulations and insurance premiums. Manufacturers were forced to detune their engines. The market segment was slowly shifting from muscle-cars to luxury automobiles. 1974 was the final year Plymouth offered the Barracuda.By Daniel Vaughan | Aug 2010 ◾Dodge Charger and Durango 'most loved' in their respective segments for second consecutive year ◾Jeep® Renegade leads Entry SUV segment in 2015 Most Loved Vehicles in America survey by Strategic Vision ◾FIAT captures most segment wins among small cars with 500 and 500e ◾FCA US ranked highest overall in Strategic Vision's 20th annual Total Quality Index™ this past July November 24, 2015 , Auburn Hills, Mich. - Strategic Vision has named five FCA US LLC vehicles to its 'Most Loved Ve...[Read more...] Scottsdale, Arizona (July 18th, 2015) – Thomas Scott is an accountant and entrepreneur from Athens, Georgia who has had a love for all things automotive for as long as he can remember. He possesses a lifetime of passion for buying, selling and working on classic American cars. 'I started out with the muscle cars — the Mopars, the Cobra Jet Mustang, the Chevelle,' Scott says. 'Those are cars that everybody recognizes — they're widely popular and very tradeable.' However, as S...[Read more...] Scottsdale, Arizona (December 1st, 2014) – For Enthusiasts – By Enthusiasts. ™ This is far more than a tagline at Russo and Steele Collector Automobile Auctions. It's a lifestyle, and we are gearing up to deliver that singular passion to the High Desert of sunny Scottsdale, Arizona for our annual flagship event during the world renowned collector car week. Additionally, Scottsdale marks the kick-off of the year-long celebration of our 15th anniversary. Held over five thrilling a...[Read more...]

Purdy was chatting to her bezzie mate who works at Colchester Hospital last night, and was impressed to hear that the Hospital wants more people to car share! Her mate, inspired by all the money she knows Purdy is saving, [...] Loveurcar The Loveurcar campaign is brought to you by the Colchester Travel Plan Club, Colchester Borough Council Air Quality Team and V102 as part of a Defra funded project to encourage more sustainable driving for those journeys that have to be made by car.

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I got a wake up call, I got to make this workCause if we don´t we´re left with nothing and that´s what hurtsWe´re so close to giving up but something keeps us here I can´t see what´s yet to comeBut I have imagined life without you and it feels wrongI want to know where love begins, not where it ends Cause we don´t know what we´re doingWe´re just built this wayWe´re careless but we´re tryingCause we both make mistakesAnd I don´t want to keep on runningIf we´re only gonna fall behindWe´ve almost got it rightBut almost wasn´t what I had in mind We want it all and deserve no lessBut all we seem to give each other is second bestWe´re still reaching out for something that we can´t touch Cause we don´t know what we´re doingWe´re just built this wayWe´re careless but we´re tryingCause we both make mistakesAnd I don´t want to keep on runningIf we´re only gonna fall behindWe´ve almost got it rightBut almost wasn´t what I had in mind You know there´s nothing like this loveSo we don´t want to let it go Cause we don´t know what we´re doingWe´re just built this wayWe´re careless but we´re tryingCause we both make mistakesAnd I don´t want to keep on runningIf we´re only gonna fall behindWe´ve almost it got rightBut almost wasn´t what I had in mind

Great Britain # Contents ## Plan Your Trip ### Welcome to Great Britain ### Great Britain's Top 26 ### Need to Know ### First Time Great Britain ### What's New ### If You Like... ### Month by Month ### Itineraries ### The Great Outdoors ### Eat & Drink Like a Local ### Travel with Children ### Regions at a Glance ## On The Road ### England ### London #### London Highlights #### History #### Sights #### City Walk #### City Walk #### Tours #### Festivals & Events #### Sleeping #### Eating #### Drinking & Nightlife #### Entertainment #### Shopping #### Information ### Canterbury & Southeast England #### Canterbury #### Leeds Castle #### Margate #### Broadstairs #### Ramsgate #### Sandwich #### Dover #### Around Dover #### Rye #### Battle #### Hastings #### Eastbourne #### Around Eastbourne #### Brighton & Hove #### Arundel #### Chichester #### Around Chichester #### Farnham #### Hindhead ### Oxford, Cotswolds & Around #### Oxford, Cotswolds & Around Highlights #### Oxford #### Around Oxford #### Woodstock #### Witney #### Vale of the White Horse #### The Cotswolds #### Cirencester #### Bibury #### Burford #### Minster Lovell #### Driving Tour #### Northleach #### The Slaughters #### Stow-on-the-Wold #### Chipping Norton #### Moreton-in-Marsh #### Chipping Campden #### Broadway #### Winchcombe #### Painswick #### Stroud #### Tetbury #### Uley #### Western Gloucestershire #### Berkeley #### Cheltenham #### Forest of Dean #### Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire #### Stowe #### Bletchley #### Woburn #### Waddesdon #### St Albans #### The Thames Valley #### Windsor & Eton #### Bray #### Henley-on-Thames ### Bath & Southwest England #### Southwest England Highlights #### Hampshire #### Winchester #### Portsmouth #### New Forest #### Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst & Around #### Buckler's Hard #### Lymington #### Isle of Wight #### Cowes & Around #### Ryde to Shanklin #### Ventnor & Around #### West Wight #### Dorset #### Bournemouth #### Poole #### Southeast Dorset #### Dorchester & Around #### Cerne Abbas & the Cerne Giant #### Weymouth #### Isle of Portland #### Chesil Beach #### Lyme Regis #### Sherborne #### Shaftesbury & Around #### Wiltshire #### Salisbury & Around #### Stonehenge #### Around Stonehenge #### Stourhead #### Longleat #### Malmesbury #### Lacock #### Avebury #### Exmoor National Park #### Dulverton #### Lynton & Lynmouth #### Porlock & Around #### Dunster #### Devon #### Exeter & Around #### Torquay & Around #### Brixham #### Dartmouth & Around #### Totnes & Around #### Plymouth & Around #### Dartmoor National Park #### Driving Tour #### Croyde & Braunton #### Ilfracombe & Around #### Clovelly & Around #### Bristol #### Bath #### City Walk #### Somerset #### Wells & Around #### Glastonbury #### Taunton & Around #### Cornwall #### Bude #### Boscastle #### Tintagel #### Port Isaac #### Padstow & Rock #### Newquay #### Perranporth to Porthtowan #### St Ives #### Zennor & St Just #### Sennen & Land's End #### Mousehole #### Penzance #### The Lizard #### Falmouth & Around #### Truro #### Fowey #### Polperro #### Looe #### Southeast Cornwall & the Rame Peninsula #### Bodmin Moor #### Isles of Scilly #### St Mary's #### Tresco #### Bryher #### St Martin's #### St Agnes ### Cambridge & East Anglia #### Cambridge #### Grantchester #### Imperial War Museum #### Ely #### Colchester #### Dedham Vale #### Saffron Walden #### Southend-on-Sea #### Long Melford #### Sudbury #### Lavenham #### Bury St Edmunds #### Orford #### Aldeburgh #### Southwold #### Norwich #### North Coast Norfolk #### King's Lynn & Around ### Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches #### Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches Highlights #### Birmingham #### Warwickshire #### Coventry #### Warwick #### Kenilworth #### Stratford-upon-Avon #### Around Stratford-upon-Avon #### Staffordshire #### Stafford #### Lichfield #### Worcestershire #### Worcester #### Great Malvern #### Herefordshire #### Hereford #### Ross-on-Wye #### Ledbury #### Shropshire #### Shrewsbury #### Attingham Park #### Ironbridge Gorge #### Much Wenlock #### Around Much Wenlock #### Bridgnorth & Around #### Church Stretton & Around #### Bishop's Castle #### Ludlow #### Nottinghamshire #### Nottingham #### Around Nottingham #### Southwell #### Newark-on-Trent #### Lincolnshire #### Lincoln #### Stamford #### Boston #### Northamptonshire #### Northampton #### Around Northampton #### Leicestershire #### Leicester #### Around Leicester #### Derbyshire #### Derby #### Around Derby #### Matlock Bath #### Chesterfield #### Hardwick Hall #### Peak District #### Driving Tour #### Buxton #### Castleton & Around #### Derwent Reservoirs #### Edale #### Eyam #### Bakewell & Around ### Yorkshire #### York #### Castle Howard #### Harrogate #### Scarborough #### Helmsley #### Rievaulx #### Pickering #### Whitby #### Robin Hood's Bay #### Skipton #### Grassington #### Malham #### Ribblesdale & the Three Peaks #### Hawes #### Richmond #### Leeds #### Bradford #### Saltaire #### National Coal Mining Museum for England #### Yorkshire Sculpture Park #### Hepworth Wakefield #### Hebden Bridge #### Haworth #### Sheffield #### Hull #### Beverley ### Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England #### Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England Highlights #### Manchester #### Cheshire #### Chester #### Around Chester #### Liverpool #### Lancashire #### Blackpool #### Lancaster #### Ribble Valley #### Isle of Man #### Douglas #### Around Douglas #### Castletown & Around #### Peel & Around ### The Lake District & Cumbria #### Windermere & Around #### Troutbeck #### Ambleside & Around #### Grasmere #### Hawkshead & Around #### Coniston #### Elterwater & Great Langdale #### Wasdale #### Cockermouth #### Keswick #### Borrowdale #### Honister Pass #### Buttermere #### Ullswater & Around #### Kendal #### Around Kendal #### Carlisle #### Alston #### Penrith ### Newcastle & Northeast England #### Newcastle & Northeast England Highlights #### Newcastle-upon-Tyne #### Around Newcastle #### Angel of the North #### Tynemouth #### Segedunum #### Hartlepool #### County Durham #### Durham #### Barnard Castle #### North Pennines #### Hadrian's Wall #### Corbridge #### Hexham #### Chesters Roman Fort & Museum #### Haltwhistle & Around #### Northumberland National Park #### Northumberland Coast #### Driving Tour #### Alnwick #### Craster #### Embleton Bay #### Farne Islands #### Bamburgh #### Holy Island (Lindisfarne) #### Berwick-upon-Tweed ### Wales ### Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales #### Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales Highlights #### Cardiff (Caerdydd) #### Around Cardiff #### Penarth #### Barry (Y Barri) #### Castell Coch #### Caerphilly (Caerffili) #### Southeast Wales #### Newport (Casnewydd) #### Caerleon #### Chepstow (Cas-gwent) #### Lower Wye Valley #### Monmouth (Trefynwy) #### Skenfrith #### Blaenavon (Blaenafon) #### Swansea & the Gower #### Swansea (Abertawe) #### Mumbles (Y Mwmbwls) #### Gower Peninsula (Y Gwyr) #### Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin) #### Llandeilo & Around #### Kidwelly (Cydweli) #### Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin) #### Laugharne (Talacharn) #### Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) #### Narberth (Arberth) #### Tenby (Dinbych-y-Pysgod) #### West of Tenby #### Carew #### Pembroke (Penfro) #### Marloes Sands & Around #### Solva (Solfach) #### St Davids (Tyddewi) #### Walking Tour #### Porthgain #### Fishguard (Abergwaun) #### Newport (Trefdraeth) #### Preseli Hills (Mynydd Preseli) ### Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales #### Cardigan (Aberteifi) #### Aberystwyth #### Devil's Bridge #### Black Mountain (Mynydd Du) & Fforest Fawr #### Brecon (Aberhonddu) & Around #### Crickhowell (Crughywel) #### Abergavenny (Y Fenni) #### Black Mountains (Y Mynyddoedd Duon) #### Hay-on-Wye (Y Gelli Gandryll) #### Llanwrtyd Wells (Llanwrtyd) #### Llandrindod Wells (Llandrindod) #### Rhayader (Rhaeadr Gwy) #### Presteigne (Llanandras) #### Knighton (Tref-Y-Clawdd) #### Newtown (Y Drenewydd) #### Montgomery #### Machynlleth ### Snowdonia & North Wales #### Snowdonia & North Wales Highlights #### Snowdonia National Park #### Llanberis #### Betws-y-Coed #### Beddgelert #### Walking Tour #### Capel Curig #### Snowdon #### Bala (Y Bala) #### Dolgellau #### Mawddach Estuary #### Fairbourne #### Barmouth (Abermaw) #### Harlech #### WEST OF SNOWDONIA #### Caernarfon #### Llyn Peninsula #### Porthmadog & Around #### ISLE OF ANGLESEY #### Beaumaris (Biwmares) #### Holyhead (Caergybi) #### NORTH COAST & BORDERS #### Llandudno #### Conwy #### Llangollen #### Ruthin #### Bangor ### Scotland ### Edinburgh #### History #### Edinburgh Highlights #### Sights #### Activities #### Walking Tour #### Tours #### Festivals & Events #### Sleeping #### Eating #### Drinking & Nightlife #### Entertainment #### Shopping ### Glasgow & Southern Scotland #### Glasgow & Southern Scotland Highlights #### Glasgow #### City Walk #### Around Glasgow #### Lanark & New Lanark #### Borders Region #### Kelso #### Melrose #### Around Melrose #### Jedburgh #### Peebles #### Cycling Tour #### Ayrshire #### Ayr #### Alloway #### Culzean Castle & Country Park #### Dumfries & Galloway #### Dumfries #### South Of Dumfries #### Kirkcudbright #### Galloway Forest Park #### The Machars #### Stranraer #### Portpatrick ### Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland #### Stirling #### The Trossachs #### Loch Lomond & Around #### Inveraray #### Kilmartin Glen #### Kintyre #### Isle of Arran #### Isle of Islay #### Isle of Jura #### Oban #### Isle of Mull #### Isle of Iona #### St Andrews #### East Neuk #### Falkland #### Dunfermline #### Culross #### Perth #### Dundee #### Arbroath #### Aberdeen #### Around Aberdeen #### Moray ### Central & Northern Highlands & Islands #### Inverness #### Around Inverness #### Loch Ness #### Fort Augustus #### Aviemore #### Around Aviemore #### Kingussie & Newtonmore #### Royal Deeside #### Dunkeld & Birnam #### Pitlochry #### Blair Castle #### Lochs Tummel & Rannoch #### Loch Tay #### Glen Lyon #### Glen Coe #### Kinlochleven #### Fort William #### Around Fort William #### Road to the Isles #### Train #### Portmahomack #### Dornoch #### Dunrobin Castle #### Helmsdale #### Lybster & Around #### Wick #### John O'Groats #### Mey #### Dunnet Head #### Thurso & Scrabster #### Thurso to Durness #### Durness #### Durness to Ullapool #### Ullapool #### Ullapool to Kyle of Lochalsh #### Kyleakin (Caol Acain) #### Broadford (An T-Ath Leathann) #### Sleat #### Cuillin Hills #### Minginish #### Portree (Port Righ) #### Dunvegan (Dun Bheagain) & Around #### Trotternish #### Isle Of Raasay #### Lewis (Leodhais) #### Harris (Na Hearadh) #### Berneray (Bearnaraigh) #### North Uist (Uibhist A Tuath) #### Benbecula (Beinn Na Faoghla) #### South Uist (Uibhist A Deas) #### Eriskay (Eiriosgaigh) #### Barra (Barraigh) #### Kirkwall #### Mainland To South Ronaldsay #### West & North Mainland #### Stromness #### Hoy #### Northern Islands #### Lerwick #### Bressay & Noss #### Central & West Mainland #### South Mainland #### North Mainland #### The North Isles ## Understand ### Understand Great Britain ### Great Britain Today ### History ### The British Table ### Architecture in Britain ### The Arts in Britain ### The British Landscape ### Sporting Britain ## Survive ### Directory AZ #### Accommodation #### Customs Regulations #### Discount Cards #### Electricity #### Embassies & Consulates #### Gay & Lesbian Travellers #### Health #### Insurance #### Internet Access #### Legal Matters #### Money #### Opening Hours #### Public Holidays #### Safe Travel #### Telephone #### Time #### Tourist Information #### Travellers with Disabilities #### Visas ### Transport #### Getting There & Away #### Getting Around ### Behind the Scenes ### Our Writers # Welcome to Great Britain _Buckingham Palace, Stonehenge, Manchester United, the Beatles – Britain does icons like nowhere else, and travel here is a fascinating mix of famous names and hidden gems._ ### Variety Packed From the graceful architecture of Canterbury Cathedral to the soaring ramparts of Edinburgh Castle, via the mountains of Wales and the picture-postcard landscape of the Cotswolds, Britain's astounding variety is a major reason to visit. The cities tempt with top-class shops and restaurants, and some of the world's finest museums, while cutting-edge clubs and world-famous theatres provide endless nights to remember. Next day, you're deep in the countryside, high in the hills or enjoying a classic seaside resort. In Britain, there really is something for everyone, whether you're eight or 80, going solo, or travelling with your friends, your kids or your grandma. ### Time Travel A journey through Britain is a journey through history. But not dull and dusty history – this is history you can immerse yourself in. You can lay hands on the megaliths of a 5000-year-old stone circle, or patrol the battlements of a medieval fortress – just as they were patrolled by chain-mail-clad soldiers many centuries ago. Fast-forward to the future and you're admiring 21st-century architecture in Glasgow or exploring the space-age domes of Cornwall's Eden Project. ### English Spoken Here While Britain has a complex culture and esoteric traditions, it feels familiar to many visitors – on the surface, at least – thanks to a vast catalogue of British film and TV exports. And for most visitors, Britain's national language – English – is equally familiar, and one more reason why travel here is a breeze. Of course Wales and Scotland have their own languages, but everyone speaks English too – and all visitors (even Brits) get a little confused by local accents in places such as Devon, Snowdonia and Aberdeen. ### Easy Does It A final thing to remember while you're planning a trip to Britain: getting from place to place is pretty straightforward. Although the locals may grumble (in fact, it's a national pastime), public transport is pretty good and a train ride through the British landscape can be a memorable experience in itself. Whichever way you get around in this compact country, you're never far from the next town, the next pub, the next national park or the next impressive castle on your hit-list of highlights. The choice is endless, but we've hand-picked the best places for you. Use this book as a guide, but don't let it stop you from making your own discoveries. ## Why I Love Britain By Neil Wilson, Author In a word: variety. Few countries pack so much into a small space. Landscapes that range from the sand dunes of South Wales to the snowfields of the Cairngorms, from the lush, quilted farmland of Kent to the naked limestone scarps of the Yorkshire Dales. Three nationalities, two dozen different dialects, more than 60 proudly individual cities, 1000 breweries, 5000 castles – all in a country you could drive across in a day. Plus weather that can offer four seasons in a single afternoon (but remember the old Scandinavian proverb – there's no such thing as bad weather, only the wrong clothes). Big Ben & Houses of Parliament, LondonDOUG PEARSON / GETTY IMAGES © # Great Britain's Top 26 ### Stonehenge Mysterious and compelling, Stonehenge is Britain's most iconic ancient site. People have been drawn to this myth-rich ring of bluestones for the last 5000 years, and we're still not sure why it was built. Most visitors get to gaze at the 50-tonne megaliths from behind the perimeter fence, but with enough planning you can book an early-morning or evening tour and walk around the inner ring. In the slanting sunlight, away from the crowds, it's an ethereal place – an experience that certainly stays with you. EURASIA PRESS / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Edinburgh Edinburgh is a city of many moods – famous for its festivals and especially lively in the summer. It's also worth visiting in the low season for sights such as the castle silhouetted against a blue spring sky with a yellow haze of daffodils misting the slopes below the esplanade. Or on a chill December morning with the fog snagging the spires of the Old Town, the ancient streets and alleyways more mysterious than ever, rain on the cobblestones and a warm glow beckoning from the window of a pub. Edinburgh CastleMEDIOIMAGES/PHOTODISC / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Bath Britain boasts many great cities, but Bath stands out as the belle of the ball. Thanks to the natural hot water that bubbles to the surface, the Romans built a health resort here. The waters were rediscovered in the 18th century, and Bath became the place to see and be seen by British high society. Today, the stunning Georgian architecture of grand town houses and sweeping crescents (not to mention Roman remains, a beautiful cathedral and a cutting-edge 21st-century spa) means Bath demands your undivided attention. Roman BathsPETER PHIPP / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Isle of Skye Of all Scotland's many islands, Skye is one of the most famous and best loved by visitors, thanks to a mix of history (the island's link to Bonnie Prince Charlie is forever remembered by 'The Skye Boat Song'), accessibility (the ferry from the mainland has been replaced by a bridge) and sheer beauty. With jagged mountains, velvet moors and towering sea cliffs, Skye's scenery never fails to impress. And for those days when the mist comes in, there are plenty of castles and local museums to explore, and cosy pubs to enjoy. PortreeBOISVIEUX CHRISTOPHE / HEMIS.FR / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### The Cotswolds The most wonderful thing about travel in the Cotswold Hills is that no matter where you go or how lost you get, you'll still end up in an impossibly picturesque village complete with rose-clad cottages, an ancient church of honey-coloured stone, a pub with sloping floors and fine ales, and a view of the lush green hills. It's easy to leave the crowds behind and find your very own slice of medieval England – and some of the best boutique hotels in the country. Arlington Row, BilburyJOSé FUSTE RAGA / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Snowdonia The rugged northwestern corner of Wales has (Click here) rocky mountain peaks, glacier-hewn valleys, sinuous ridges, sparkling lakes and rivers, and charm-infused villages. The busiest part is around Snowdon itself, where many people hike to the summit, and many more take the jolly rack-and-pinion railway. To the south and west are rarely trod areas perfect for off-the-beaten-track exploration. And just nearby sit the lovely Llŷn Peninsula and Isle of Anglesey, where the sun often shines, even if it's raining on the mountains. Snowdonia National ParkDAVID LYONS / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Oxford For centuries, the brilliant minds and august institutions of Oxford University have made Oxford famous across the globe. You'll get a glimpse of this revered world as you stroll hushed college quads and cobbled lanes roamed by cycling students and dusty academics. The beautiful buildings and archaic traditions have changed little over the years, leaving Oxford much as it would have been found by alumni such as JRR Tolkien, Lewis Carroll or Oscar Wilde. Radcliffe CameraNEALE CLARK / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Football In some parts of the world it's called 'soccer', but here in Britain it's definitely 'football'. Despite what the fans may say in Italy or Brazil, the English Premier League has some of the world's finest teams. Big names include the globally renowned Arsenal, Liverpool and Chelsea, plus _the_ most famous club on the planet: Manchester United. North of the border, Scotland's best-known teams are the Glasgow duo of Rangers and Celtic – their 'old firm' rivalry is legendary – while in Wales the national sport is most definitely rugby. Cardiff City FC StadiumALLAN BAXTER / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### The Lake District William Wordsworth and his Romantic chums were the first to champion the charms of the Lake District, and it's not hard to see what stirred them. With soaring mountains, whaleback fells, razor-edge valleys and – of course – glistening lakes (as well as England's highest peak), this craggy corner of northwest England has some of the country's finest vistas. Come for the comfortable lakeside hotels or the hardy hiking – whatever you choose, inspiration is sure to follow. Lake WindermereTIM GRAHAM / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall is one of Britain's most revealing and dramatic Roman ruins, its sturdy line of battlements, forts, garrisons, towers and castles disclosing much about the everyday life of the international batallions posted along its length almost 2000 years ago. But this great wall was always about more than mere fortification. Hadrian's edge-of-empire barrier symbolised the boundary of civilised order. To the south was the orderly Roman world of tax-paying, bathhouses and underfloor heating, while to the north was the unruly land of the marauding Celts. JUSTIN FOULKES / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Castles & Stately Homes Britain's turbulent history is nowhere more apparent than in the mighty castles that dot the landscape, from romantic clifftop ruins such as Corfe or sturdy fortresses such as Caernarfon, to formidable Stirling and still-inhabited Windsor. And when the aristo­cracy no longer needed castles, they built vast mansions known as 'stately homes' at the heart of their country estates. Classics of the genre include Blenheim Palace and Chatsworth House in England, Powis Castle in Wales and Scone Palace in Scotland. Caernarfon CastleSLOW IMAGES / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Cornwall At Britain's far southwestern extremity, the former kingdom of Cornwall boasts endless miles of unbroken coastline, with rugged cliffs, sparkling bays, scenic fishing ports and white sandy beaches favoured by everyone from bucket-and-spade families to sun-bronzed surfers. Above the cliffs, the towers of former tin mines now stand like dramatic castles, while inland from the coast is a tranquil landscape of lush farmland and picturesque villages, crowned by the gigantic domes of the Eden Project – a stunning symbol of Cornwall's renaissance. Port Isaac© IAN LEWIS / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Cambridge Abounding with exquisite architecture and steeped in tradition, Cambridge is a university town extraordinaire. The tightly packed core of ancient colleges, the picturesque riverside 'Backs' (college gardens) and the surrounding green meadows give Cambridge a more tranquil appeal than its historic rival Oxford. Highlights include the intricate vaulting of King's College Chapel, while no visit is complete without an attempt to steer a punt (flat-bottomed boat) along the river and under the quirky Mathematical Bridge. You'll soon wonder how you could have studied anywhere else. PHILIP GAME / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Stratford-upon-Avon The pretty English Midlands town of Stratford-upon-Avon is famed around the world as the birthplace of the nation's best-known dramatist, William Shakespeare. Today, the town's tight knot of Tudor streets form a living map of Shakespeare's life and times, and crowds of fans and would-be thespians come to enjoy a play at the theatre or visit the five historic houses owned by Shakespeare and his relatives, with a respectful detour to the old stone church where the Bard was laid to rest. Hall's CroftPAWEL TOCZYNSKI / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Canterbury Cathedral Few other English cathedrals come close to Canterbury, the top temple of the Anglican Church and a place of worship for over 15 centuries. Its intricate tower dominates the Canterbury skyline, its grandeur unsurpassed by later structures. At its heart lies a 12th-century crime scene, the very spot where Archbishop Thomas Becket was put to the sword – an epoch-making event that launched a million pilgrimages and still pulls in the crowds today. A lone candle mourns the gruesome deed, the pink sandstone before it smoothed by 800 years of devout kneeling. LEEMAGE / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Cardiff The exuberant capital of Wales, compact Cardiff has recently emerged as one of Britain's leading urban centres. After a mid-20th-century decline, the city has entered the new millennium with vigour and confidence, flexing architectural muscles and revelling in a sense of style. From the historic castle to the ultramodern waterfront, from lively street cafes to infectious nightlife, from Victorian shopping arcades to the gigantic rugby stadium that is the pulsating heart of the city on match days, Cardiff undoubtedly has buzz. ALLAN BAXTER / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Britain's Pubs The traditional public house has been the centre of British social life for centuries, and wherever you go there's a range of 'locals' to discover – the ornate Victorian boozers of London, Edinburgh and Leeds; the food-focused gastropubs of Yorkshire, Mid-Wales and Devon; and countless rustic country pubs hunkering under thatched roofs and timber beams. For the true British experience, sup a pint of real ale from one of hundreds of regional breweries or sip on a gin and tonic, and look out for a live music session or a pub quiz night. West End pub, LondonMAREMAGNUM / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### York With its Roman remains and Viking heritage, ancient city walls and maze of medieval streets, York is a living showcase for the highlights of English history. For a great introduction, join one of the city's many walking tours through the snickelways (narrow alleys), each the focus of a ghost story or historical character, then admire the intricacies of York Minster, the biggest medieval cathedral in all of Northern Europe, or explore history of another kind at the National Railway Museum, the world's largest collection of historic locomotives. York MinsterFRANK FELL / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Scotland's Northwest Highlands In the Highlands of Scotland you're never far from a breathtaking view (Click here), but the far northwest is awe-inspiring, even by these high standards, with the rugged mountainscapes of Assynt, the desolate beauty of Torridon, the piercing incisions of sea lochs and the remote cliffs of Cape Wrath. Add to this the chance to go to sea for Britain's finest whale-watching, polished off with some warm High­land hospitality – romantic hotels, gourmet restaurants and classic pubs – and you've got an unforgettable corner of the country. Glen TorridonVISITBRITAIN/BRITAIN ON VIEW / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Pembrokeshire Perched at the tip of wild and wonderful West Wales, the county of Pembrokeshire boasts one of Britain's most beautiful and dramatic stretches of coast, with sheer cliffs, natural arches, blowholes, sea stacks, and a wonderful hinterland of tranquil villages and secret waterways. It's a landscape of Norman castles, Iron Age hill forts, holy wells and Celtic saints – including the nation's patron, St David – and the remnants of prehistoric inhabitants that left behind intriguing stone circles. TenbyDAVID CLAPP / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Liverpool For many visitors, Liverpool will forever be associated with the Beatles, but a visit here proves the city has much more to offer. After a major redevelopment, the waterfront is once again the heart of Liverpool, with Albert Dock declared a World Heritage Site of iconic and protected buildings, a batch of top museums ensuring all sides of the city's history are not forgotten, and the Tate Liverpool gallery and Beatles Story museum, celebrating popular culture and those (still) most famous musical sons. Pier HeadPICTURES FROM PHIL ORR PHOTOGRAPHY / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### British Food Britain offers a groaning table full of traditional eating experiences. Tuck into national favourites such as fish and chips, Cornish pasties or toad in the hole, followed of course by rhubarb and custard or spotted dick, or indulge yourself in a quintessentially English afternoon tea. And don't miss the chance to sample regional specialities such as jellied eels (London), Scottish haggis, Cumberland sausage, Stilton cheese, Northumberland kippers, Lancashire hotpot, Melton Mowbray pork pies, Welsh lamb, Yorkshire pudding... the list goes on. RACHEL DEWIS / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Glen Coe Scotland's most famous glen (Click here) combines those two essential qualities of the Highland landscape: dramatic scenery and deep history. The peacefulness and beauty of this valley today belie the fact that it was the scene of a ruthless 17th-century massacre, when the local MacDonalds were murdered by soldiers of the Campbell clan. Some of the glen's finest walks – to the Lost Valley, for example – follow the routes used by the clanspeople trying to flee their attackers, and where many perished in the snow. HANS-PETER MERTEN / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### London's Museums Institutions bright and beautiful, great and small, wise and wonderful – London's got them all. The range of museums is vast: from generalist exhibitions (British Museum, V&A) to specific themes (Imperial War Museum, London Transport Museum, Natural History Museum). From intriguing private collections (Sir John Soane's Museum, Wallace Collection) to those celebrating people associated with the city (Handel, Dickens, Freud). Seriously, you could spend weeks without even scratching the surface. And most of it's free! Great Court, British MuseumPAWEL LIBERA / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Whisky After tea, Britain's best-known drink is whisky. And while this amber spirit is also made in England and Wales, it is always most associated with Scotland. With more than 2000 whisky brands available, there are distilleries dotted across Scotland, many open to visitors, with Speyside one of the main concentrations and a favourite spot for connoisseurs. Before enjoying your tipple, heed these warnings: never spell whisky with an 'e' (that's the Irish variety); and when ordering at the bar, never ask for 'Scotch'. What else would you drink in Scotland? KARL BLACKWELL / GETTY IMAGES © ### Top Experiences ### Golf It may be a 'good walk spoilt', but golf is one of the most popular sports in Britain, for participants of all levels and (especially when it comes to major tournaments) for thousands of spectators too. With courses across the three countries, including some in the most scenic locations, visitors to Britain with a penchant for the little white ball will surely want to try their skill. A highlight for aficionados is a round on the Old Course at St Andrews, the venerable home of golf. Royal & Ancient Golf Club, St AndrewsANDREA PISTOLESI / GETTY IMAGES © # Need to Know ### Currency Pound; also called 'pound sterling' (£) ### Language English; also Scottish Gaelic and Welsh ### Money Change bureaux and ATMs widely available, especially in cities and major towns. ### Visas Not required for most citizens of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Canada. ### Mobile Phones The UK uses the GSM 900/1800 network, which covers the rest of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, but isn't compatible with the North American GSM 1900. Most modern mobiles can function on both networks – but check before you leave home just in case. Though roaming charges within the EU are due to be entirely eliminated in December 2015, other international roaming charges can be prohibitively high, and you'll probably find it cheaper to get a UK number. This is easily done by buying a SIM card (around £10 including calling credit) and sticking it in your phone. Your phone may be locked to your home network, however, so you'll have to either get it unlocked, or buy a pay-as-you-go phone along with your SIM card (around £50). Pay-as-you-go phones can be recharged by buying vouchers from shops. ### Driving Traffic drives on the left; steering wheels are on the right side of the car. Most rental cars have manual gears (stick shift). ### When to Go #### High Season _(Jun–Aug)_ AWeather at its best. AAccommodation rates at their peak – especially for August school holidays. ARoads are busy, especially in seaside areas, national parks and popular cities such as Oxford, Bath, Edinburgh and York. #### Shoulder _(Mar–May & Sep & Oct)_ ACrowds reduce. Prices drop. AWeather often good; March to May is a mix of sunny spells and sudden showers; September to October can feature balmy Indian summers. For outdoor activities in much of Scotland, the very best times to go are the months of May and September. #### Low Season _(Nov–Feb)_ AWet and cold. Snow falls in mountain areas, especially up north. AOpening hours reduced October to Easter; some places shut for winter. Big-city sights (particularly London's) operate all year. ### Useful Websites **BBC** (www.bbc.co.uk) News and entertainment from the national broadcaster. **Visit Britain** (www.visitbritain.com) Comprehensive official tourism website. **Lonely Planet** (www.lonelyplanet.com/great-britain) Desti­nation info, hotel bookings, traveller forum and more. **Traveline** (www.traveline.org.uk) Great portal site for public transport in all parts of Britain. **British Arts Festivals** (www.artsfestivals.co.uk) Listing hundreds of festivals – art, literature, dance, folk and more. ### Important Numbers Area codes vary in length (eg 020 for London, 01225 for Bath). Omit the code if you're inside that area. Drop the initial 0 if you're calling from abroad. ### Exchange Rates For current exchange rates, see www.xe.com. ### Daily Costs ##### Budget less than £55 ADorm beds: £15–25 ACheap meals in cafes and pubs: £7–11 ALong-distance coach: £15–40 (200 miles) ##### Midrange £55–120 AMidrange hotel or B&B: £60–130 (London £100–200) per double room AMain course in midrange restaurant: £10–20 ALong-distance train: £20–80 (200 miles) ##### Top end more than £120 AFour-star hotel room: from £130 (London from £200) AThree-course meal in a good restaurant: around £40 per person ACar rental: from £35 per day ### Arriving in Britain **Heathrow airport** Train to central London (London Paddington station) every 15 minutes (from £18). **Gatwick airport** Train to central London (London Victoria station) every 15 minutes (from £16). **Eurostar trains from Paris or Brussels** Arrive at London St Pancras International station in central London. **Buses from Europe** Arrive at London Victoria Coach Station in central London. **Taxis from airports** Trips to central London from Heathrow £40 to £50; from Gatwick £70 to £90 (more at peak hours). ### Great Britain on a Shoestring If you're on a tight budget, there's no getting away from it – Britain isn't cheap. Public transport, admission fees, restaurants and hotel rooms all tend to be expensive compared with their equivalents in many other European countries. But with some careful planning, a trip here doesn't have to break the bank. You can save money by staying in B&Bs instead of hotels, or hostels instead of B&Bs. Motels along motorways and outside large towns are soulless, but who cares? Most of the time you'll be asleep. You can also save by prebooking long-distance coach or train travel – and by avoiding times when everyone else is on the move (like Friday afternoon). Many attractions are free (or offer discounts on quiet days, such as Monday). And don't forget that you won't have to stump up a penny to enjoy Britain's best assets: the wonderful countryside and coastline. # First Time Great Britain ## Checklist ACheck the validity of your passport ACheck any visa or entry requirements AMake any necessary bookings (sights, accommodation, travel) ACheck airline baggage restrictions APut all restricted items (eg hair gel, pocket knife) in hold baggage AInform your credit/debit card company of your trip AOrganise travel insurance ACheck mobile (cell) phone compatibility ACheck rental car requirements ## What to Pack APassport ACredit card ADriving licence AElectrical plug adaptor (UK-specific) AWaterproof jacket AUmbrella AComfortable shoes ATaste for warm beer ### Top Tips for Your Trip AAt major London airports, tickets for express trains into central London are usually available in the baggage arrivals hall; this saves queuing or dealing with machines on the station platform. AThe best way to get local currency is usually from an ATM, but this term is rarely used in England; the colloquial term 'cash machine' is more common. AIf staying more than a few days in London, get an OysterCard, the travel card the locals use. APickpockets and hustlers lurk in the more crowded tourist areas, especially in London. No need to be paranoid, but do be on your guard. ABritain's electrical plugs are unlike those in the rest of Europe, so bring (or buy) a UK-specific plug adaptor. Underground station, LondonMATTHEW E. MADDOCK / GETTY IMAGES © ### What to Wear A rain jacket is essential, as is a small backpack to carry it in when the sun comes out. In summer you'll need sunscreen and an umbrella; you're bound to use both – possibly on the same day. For sightseeing, comfortable shoes can make or break a trip. If you plan to enjoy Britain's great outdoors, suitable hiking gear is required in higher/wilder areas, but not for casual strolls in the countryside. Some bars and restaurants have dress codes banning jeans, T-shirts and trainers (sneakers or runners). ### Sleeping Booking your accommodation in advance is recommended, especially in summer, at weekends, and on islands (where options are often limited). Book at least two months ahead for July and August. A **B &Bs** These small, family-run houses generally provide good value. More luxurious versions are more like a boutique hotel. A **Hotels** British hotels range from half-a-dozen rooms above the pub to restored country houses and castles, with a commensurate range in rates. A **Hostels** There's a good choice of both institutional and independent hostels, many housed in rustic and/or historic buildings. ### Money ATMs (usually called 'cash machines') are common in cities and towns, but watch out for tampering; a common ruse is to attach a card-reader to the slot. Visa and MasterCard are widely accepted in Britain, except at some smaller B&Bs which take cash or cheque only. Other credit cards, including Amex, are not so widely accepted. Cities and larger towns have banks and exchange bureaux for changing money into pounds, but some bureaux offer poor rates. You can change money at some post offices, which is very handy in country areas; exchange rates are fair. ### Bargaining A bit of mild haggling is acceptable at flea markets and antique shops, but everywhere else you're expected to pay the advertised price. ### Tipping A **Restaurants** Around 10% in restaurants and teashops with table service. Nearer 15% at smarter restaurants. Tips may be added to your bill as a 'service charge'. Paying a tip or a service charge is not obligatory. A **Pubs & Bars** If you order drinks (or food) and pay at the bar, tips are not expected. If you order at the table, your meal is brought to you, and you pay afterwards, then 10% is usual. A **Taxis** Around 10%, or rounded up to the nearest pound, especially in London. ### Etiquette A **Manners** The British have a reputation for being polite, and good manners are considered important in most situations. When asking directions, 'Excuse me, can you tell me the way to...' is a better tactic than 'Hey, where's...' A **Queues** In Britain, queueing ('standing in line' to Americans), whether to board a bus, buy tickets or enter the gates of an attraction, is sacrosanct. Any attempt to 'jump the queue' will result in an outburst of tutting and hard stares. A **Escalators** If you take an escalator or a moving walkway (especially at tube stations in London), be sure to stand on the right, so folks in a hurry can pass on the left. ### Eating It's wise to book ahead for midrange restaurants, especially at weekends. Top-end restaurants should be booked at least a couple of weeks in advance. See Eat & Drink Like a Local for more information. A **Restaurants** Britain's restaurants range from cheap-and-cheerful to Michelin-starred, and cover every cuisine you can imagine. A **Cafes** Open during daytime (rarely after 6pm), cafes are good for a casual breakfast or lunch, or simply a cup of coffee. A **Pubs** Most of Britain's pubs serve reasonably priced meals, and many can compete with restaurants on quality. # What's New #### Stonehenge A £27 million revamp of Britain's most famous prehistoric site has seen the area around the stones returned to grassland, and the opening of an impressive new visitor centre. #### Shangri-La at the Shard The first opening in the UK for the luxury Asian hotel chain, this is Europe's first elevated hotel, occupying levels 34 to 52 of London's Shard skyscraper. #### The Making of Harry Potter Prospective Hogwarts pupils can waggle thier wands and practise their spells during this spectacular new tour at Warner Bros Studios, just outside London. #### Eden Project Cornwall's iconic eco-centre has an added attraction in the form of a new treetop walkway through the rainforest biome. #### King Richard III: Dynasty, Death & Discovery The amazing story of the discovery of the skeletal remains of King Richard III beneath a Leicester car park in 2012 is celebrated in this new, high-tech visitor centre. #### Bleak House Snooze in the very bedroom occupied for 12 productive summers by one Charles Dickens at this new hotel overlooking Broadstairs' tight curve of beach. #### Liverpool International Music Festival Liverpool's old Mathew St Festival has been expanded into a showcase of local and international talent spread over two weeks in late August. #### Black Sail Youth Hostel One of England's most remote youth hostels, perched high in the Lake District fells above Ennerdale, now sports double glazing and solar-panel-powered lighting following a major upgrade. #### Northumberland National Park England's least-populous national park was awarded dark-sky status by the International Dark Skies Association in late 2013 (the largest such designation in Europe), adding to the stargazing appeal of Kielder Observatory. #### Penarth Pavilion One of Wales' most famous seaside landmarks, the art deco Penarth Pavilion, has been renovated, complete with a brand-new art gallery, cinema and cafe. #### The Hydro Glasgow's waterfront gained a new 13,000-seat live-performance arena, the Hydro, which hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games gymnastics and netball events. #### Bannockburn Heritage Centre To mark the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn in 2014, the National Trust for Scotland unveiled a revamped, high-tech heritage centre on the site of the battlefield. # If You Like... ## Castles & Stately Homes Tower of London Landmark of the capital, patrolled by famous beefeaters and protected by mythical ravens. Blenheim Palace A monumental baroque fantasy and one of Britain's greatest stately homes. Castle Howard Another stunning baroque edifice, best known as the setting for _Brideshead Revisited_. Warwick Castle Preserved enough to be impressive, ruined enough to be romantic. Stirling Castle Classic fortress atop volcanic crag, with stunning views from the battlements. Beaumaris Castle Wales is the land of castles; imposing Beaumaris, along with nearby Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech, is a jointly listed World Heritage Site. Chatsworth House The quintessential stately home, a treasure trove of heirlooms and works of art. Carreg Cennen The most dramatically positioned fortress in Wales, standing guard over a lonely stretch of Brecon Beacons National Park. ## Royal Britain Buckingham Palace The Queen's official London residence, best known for its royal-waving balcony and the Changing of the Guard. Windsor Castle The largest and oldest occupied fortress in the world, a majestic vision of battlements and towers, and the Queen's weekend retreat. Westminster Abbey Where British monarchs are crowned and married – most recently William and Kate. Royal Yacht Britannia The royal family's floating home during foreign travels, now retired and moored near Edinburgh. Balmoral Castle Built for Queen Victoria in 1855 and still a royal Highland hideaway. Royal Pavilion Opulent palace built for playboy prince, later King George IV. Althorp House Ancestral home and burial place of Diana, Princess of Wales. ## Cathedrals & Ruined Abbeys St Paul's Cathedral A symbol of the city for centuries, and still an essential part of the London skyline. York Minster One of the largest medieval cathedrals in all of Europe, especially renowned for its windows. Fountains Abbey Extensive ruins set in more recently landscaped water gardens – one of the most beautiful sites in Britain. Canterbury Cathedral The mother ship of the Anglican Church, still attracting pilgrims and visitors in their thousands. Melrose Abbey The finest of all the great Border abbeys; the heart of Robert the Bruce is buried here. Whitby Abbey Stunning clifftop ruin with an eerie atmosphere that inspired the author of _Dracula_. St Davids Cathedral An ancient place of worship in Britain's smallest city. Glastonbury Abbey The legendary burial place of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere. Glasgow Cathedral A shining example of Gothic architecture, and the only mainland Scottish cathedral to have survived the Reformation. Tintern Abbey Riverside ruins that inspired generations of poets and artists. ## Village Idylls Lavenham A wonderful collection of exquisitely preserved medieval buildings virtually untouched since the 15th century. Lacock Well-preserved medieval village, essentially free of modern development and – unsurprisingly – a frequent set for movies and TV period dramas. Goathland One of Yorkshire's most attractive villages, complete with village green and traditional steam railway station. Mousehole Southwest England overflows with picturesque pint-sized ports, but this is one of the best. Beddgelert A conservation village of rough grey stone buildings in the heart of Snowdonia National Park. **Cromarty** At the northeastern tip of the Black Isle, with a fine collection of 18th-century sandstone houses. Mousehall, CornwallGRAHAM CUSTANCE PHOTOGRAPHY / GETTY IMAGES © ## Great Outdoors Lake District A feast of mountains, valleys, views and – of course – lakes; the landscape that inspired William Wordsworth and entices hikers today. Northumberland National Park The dramatically empty landscape of England's far north is remote and off the beaten track. Snowdonia The best-known slice of nature in Wales, with the grand but surprisingly accessible peak of Snowdon at its heart. Yorkshire Dales A compact collection of moors, hills, valleys, rivers, cliffs and waterfalls, perfect for easy strolls or hardy treks. Ben Nevis Every year thousands of people aim for the summit of Scotland's most famous (and Britain's highest) mountain. Swaledale, Yorkshire Dales National ParkEURASIA / GETTY IMAGES © ## Industrial Heritage Ironbridge The place where it all started, the crucible of the Industrial Revolution, where 10 museums for the price of one give fascinating insights. Blaenavon A World Heritage Site of well-preserved ironworks and the fascinating Big Pit coal mine. New Lanark Once the largest cotton-spinning complex in Britain and a testament to enlightened capitalism. National Railway Museum A cathedral to Britain's great days of steam; for railway fans of all ages it's the perfect place to go loco. ## Roman Remains Roman Baths The city of Bath takes its name from these famous Roman remains – a complex of bathhouses around natural thermal waters, with additions from the 18th century, when restorative waters again became fashionable. Hadrian's Wall Snaking coast-to-coast across lonely hills, this 2000-year-old fortified line once marked the northern limit of imperial Roman jurisdiction. Caerleon One of three legionary forts in Britain, with impressive remains of barracks, baths and an amphitheatre. Corinium Museum The sleepy Cotswold town of Cirencester was once Corinium, the second-largest Roman city in Britain; this excellent museum recalls those days, including beautiful mosaics. ### IF YOU LIKE... KOOKY COLLECTIONS Portmeirion is a private village built in a mix of styles from Moorish to Ancient Greek; it's most famous as the set for cult TV show _The Prisoner_. ## Shopping **Portobello Road, London** Britain's biggest city has shopping galore, with Portobello Rd one of the best-known street markets, surrounded by quirky boutiques and gift stores. Victoria Quarter, Leeds Lovely arcades of wrought ironwork and stained glass, home to several top fashion boutiques. North Laine, Brighton Narrow streets lined with shops selling books, antiques, collectables, vintage clothing and more. Cardiff Arcades Half-a-dozen ornate arcades branch off the city-centre main streets, all with speciality shops and cafes. Isle of Skye It seems as if every second cottage on Skye is home to a workshop or an artist's studio, making the island a great place to find quality handmade arts and crafts. Hay-on-Wye The self-proclaimed secondhand-book capital of the world boasts over 30 bookshops and millions of volumes, attracting browsers, collectors and academics from around the world. ## Art Galleries Tate Britain One of the best-known galleries in London, full to the brim with the finest local works. Tate Modern London's other Tate focuses on modern art in all its wonderful permutations. BALTIC Newcastle's very own 'Tate of the North' with work by some of contemporary art's biggest show-stoppers. National Museum Cardiff An excellent collection of Welsh artists, plus works by Monet, Renoir, Matisse, Van Gogh, Francis Bacon and David Hockney. Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum A national landmark in Glasgow – great collection, and a cracking spot to learn about Scottish art. Yorkshire Sculpture Park England's biggest outdoor sculpture collection, dominated by the works of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Barber Institute of Fine Art With works by Rubens, Turner and Picasso, this Birmingham gallery is no lightweight. ## Arts & Music Festivals Edinburgh International Festival The world's biggest festival of art and culture. 'Nuff said. Glastonbury (www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk) Britain's biggest and best-loved music festival. Hay Festival A world-class celebration of all things literary at Britain's bookshop capital. Notting Hill Carnival London's Caribbean community shows the city how to party. Pride Gay and lesbian street parade through London culminating in a concert in Trafalgar Sq. Grassington Festival A village in the scenic Yorkshire Dales hosts this amazing two-week cultural extravaganza. Latitude Festival An eclectic mix of music, literature, dance, drama and comedy, in a stunning location and of manageable size. ## Coastal Attractions Scarborough The original British beach resort, where 'sea-bathing' first began, way back in the 17th century. Pembrokeshire Towering cliffs, rock arches, clean waters and perfect sandy beaches at the tip of West Wales. Southwold Genteel old-style seaside town with lovely beach, charming pier and famous rows of colourful beach huts. Tongue Sea lochs penetrate the rocky coast in this wild stretch of Scotland's north. Holkham Bay A pristine expanse of sand with giant skies stretching overhead. Llandudno Beachside Punch-and-Judy shows, a step-back-in-time pier and a classic esplanade. Gower Peninsula Family-friendly beaches and surfer hang-outs, backed by sand dunes and tranquil farmland. Beachy Head & Seven Sisters Where the South Downs plunge into the sea, these mammoth chalk cliffs provide a dramatic finale. Beach huts, SouthwoldROD EDWARDS / GETTY IMAGES © ### IF YOU LIKE... CLIFFTOP DRAMA The Minack is a unique theatre, carved into vertiginous cliffs overlooking the Atlantic in Cornwall. The classic play to catch is _The Tempest,_ but any performance is spellbinding. # Month by Month Top Events **Edinburgh International Festival and Fringe** , August **Glyndebourne** , late May–August **Trooping the Colour** , mid-June **Glastonbury Festival** , late June **Abergavenny Food Festival** , September ## January January is mid-winter in Britain. Festivals and events to brighten the mood are thin on the ground, but luckily some include fire – lots of it. ### zLondon Parade A ray of light in the gloom, the New Year's Day Parade in London (to use its official title; www.londonparade.co.uk) is one of the biggest events of its kind in the world, featuring marching bands, street performers, classic cars, floats and displays winding their way through the streets, watched by over half a million people. ### zUp Helly Aa Half of Shetland dresses up with horned helmets and battleaxes in this spectacular re-enactment of a Viking fire festival, with a torchlit procession leading the burning of a full-size Viking longship. ### 3Celtic Connections Glasgow plays host to a celebration of Celtic music, dance and culture (www.celticconnections.com), with participants from all over the globe. ## February Britain can be scenic under snow and sunshine, or more likely grey and gloomy under dark skies. Hang in there... ### zJorvik Viking Festival The ancient Viking capital of York becomes home once again to invaders and horned helmets galore, with the intriguing addition of longship races. ### zFort William Mountain Festival Britain's capital of the outdoors celebrates the peak of the winter season with ski workshops, mountaineering films and talks by famous climbers (www.mountainfestival.co.uk). ## March Spring finally arrives. There's a hint of better weather, and some classic sporting fixtures grace the calendar. Many locals stay hunkered down at home, though, so hotels offer special rates. ### 3Six Nations Rugby Championship Highlight of the rugby calendar (www.rbs6nations.com), with the home nations playing at London's Twickenham, Edinburgh's Murrayfield and Cardiff's Millennium Stadiums. ### 3University Boat Race Annual race down the River Thames in London between the rowing teams from Cambridge and Oxford Universities, an institution since 1856 that still enthrals the country. ## April The weather slowly improves, with warmer and drier days bringing out spring blossoms. Attractions that close for the low season open around the middle of the month or at Easter. ### 3Grand National Half the country has a flutter on the highlight of the three-day horse race meeting at Aintree on the first Saturday of the month (www.aintree.co.uk) – a steeplechase with a testing course and notoriously high jumps. ### 2London Marathon Super-fit athletes cover 26.22 miles in just over two hours, while others dress up in daft costumes and take considerably longer. ### zBeltane Thousands of revellers climb Edinburgh's Calton Hill for this modern revival of a pagan fire festival (www.beltane.org) marking the end of winter. ### zSpirit of Speyside Based in Dufftown, a Scottish festival of whisky, food and music, with five days of art, cooking, distillery tours and outdoor activities. ## May The weather is usually good, with more events to enjoy. There are two public holidays this month (first and last Mondays) so traffic is very busy over the corresponding long weekends. ### 3FA Cup Final Grand finale of the football (soccer) season for over a century. Teams from across England battle it out over the winter months, culminating in this heady spectacle at Wembley Stadium – the home of English football. ### 1Chelsea Flower Show The Royal Horticultural Society flower show at Chelsea is the highlight of the gardener's year. ### zHay Festival The ever-expanding 'Woodstock of the mind' brings an intellectual influx to book-town Hay-on-Wye. ### zGlyndebourne Famous festival (www.glyndebourne.com) of world-class opera in the pastoral surroundings of East Sussex, running until the end of summer. ## June Now it's almost summer. You can tell because this month sees the music-festival season kick off properly, while sporting events, from rowing to racing, fill the calendar. ### 3Derby Week Horse-racing, people-watching and clothes-spotting are on the agenda at this week-long meeting in Epsom, Surrey (www.epsomderby.co.uk). ### 3Cotswold Olimpicks Welly-wanging, pole-climbing and shin-kicking are the key disciplines at this traditional Gloucestershire sports day, held every year since 1612. ### zTrooping the Colour Military bands and bear-skinned grenadiers march down London's Whitehall in this martial pageant to mark the monarch's birthday. ### 3Royal Ascot It's hard to tell which matters more, the fashion or the fillies, at this highlight of the horse-racing year in Berkshire. ### 3Wimbledon Tennis The world's best-known tennis tournament, attracting all the big names, while crowds cheer and eat tons of strawberries and cream. ### Glastonbury One of Britain's favourite pop and rock gatherings (www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk) is invariably muddy, and still a rite of passage for every self-respecting British music fan. ### 3Royal Regatta Boats of every description take to the water for Henley's upper-crust river jamboree. ### zPride Highlight of the gay and lesbian calendar, this technicolour street parade heads through London's West End. ### zGlasgow's West End Festival Scotland's second city hosts a major celebration of music and arts. ## July Proper summer. Festivals every week. School summer breaks begin, so there's a holiday tingle in the air, dulled only by busy roads on Fridays, because everyone's going somewhere for the weekend. ### 1Great Yorkshire Show Harrogate plays host to one of Britain's largest county shows. This is the place for Yorkshire grit, Yorkshire tykes, Yorkshire puddings, Yorkshire beef... ### zT in the Park World-class acts since 1994 ensure this major music festival (www.tinthepark.com) is Scotland's answer to Glastonbury. ### zLatitude Relaxed festival in the seaside town of Southwold, with theatre, cabaret, art and literature, plus top names from the alternative music scene. ### 3International Musical Eisteddfod Festival of international folk music at Llangollen, with eclectic fringe and big-name evening concerts. ### 1Royal Welsh Show Prize bullocks and local produce at this national farm and livestock event (www.rwas.co.uk; Llanelwedd) in Builth Wells. ### 3Cowes Week Britain's biggest yachting spectacular on the choppy seas around the Isle of Wight. ### zWomad Roots and world music take centre stage at this festival (www.womad.org) in a country park in the southern Cotswolds. ### zPort Eliot Festival Beginning life as a literary festival, now branched out into live music, theatre and outdoor art. ## August Schools and colleges are closed, parliament is in recess, the sun is shining (hopefully), most people go away for a week or two, and the nation is in holiday mood. ### zEdinburgh Festivals Edinburgh's most famous August happenings are the International Festival and Fringe, but this month the city also has an event for anything you care to name – books, art, theatre, music, comedy, marching bands... (www.edinburghfestivals.co.uk) ### zNotting Hill Carnival London's famous multicultural Caribbean-style street carnival in the district of Notting Hill. Steel drums, dancers, outrageous costumes. ### 3National Eisteddfod of Wales The largest celebration of native Welsh culture, steeped in history, pageantry and pomp; held at various venues around the country. ### zBrecon Jazz Festival Smoky sounds at one of Europe's leading jazz festivals, in the charming Mid-Wales town of Brecon. ### World Bog Snorkelling Championships Only in Britain – competitors, many in fancy dress, don snorkel and flippers for a swimming race along a muddy ditch in the middle of a peat bog. ## September The first week of September is still holiday time, but then schools reopen, traffic returns to normal, and the summer party's over for another year. Ironically, the weather's often better than in August, now everyone's back at work. ### 2Great North Run Tyneside plays host to one of the biggest half marathons in the world (www.greatrun.org), with the greatest number of runners in any race at this distance. ### 5Abergavenny Food Festival The mother of all epicurean festivals and the champion of Wales' burgeoning food scene. ### 5Ludlow Food & Drink Festival Great foodie town and a great foodie festival. ### 3Braemar Gathering The biggest and most famous Highland Games ( %01339-755377; www.braemargathering.org; adult/child from £10/2) in the Scottish calendar, traditionally attended by members of the royal family. Highland dancing, caber-tossing and bagpipe-playing. ## October October means autumn. The leaves on the trees are changing colour, attractions start to shut down for the low season, and accommodation rates drop as hoteliers try to entice a final few guests before winter. ### zDylan Thomas Festival A celebration of the Welsh laureate's work with readings, events and talks in Swansea. ### 5Falmouth Oyster Festival The West Country port of Falmouth marks the start of the traditional oyster catching season (www.falmouthoysterfestival.co.uk) with a celebration of local food from the sea and fields of Cornwall. ## November Winter's here, and November is a dull month. The weather is often cold and damp, summer is a distant memory and Christmas is still too far away. ### zGuy Fawkes Night Also called Bonfire Night (www.bonfirenight.net); on 5 November fireworks fill Britain's skies in commemoration of a failed attempt to blow up parliament, way back in 1605. ### 1Remembrance Day Red poppies are worn and wreaths are laid in towns and cities around the country on 11 November in commemoration of fallen military personnel (www.poppy.org.uk). ## December Schools break up earlier, but shops and businesses keep going until Christmas Eve; the last weekend before Christmas Day is busy on the roads as people visit friends and family, or head for the airport. ### zStonehaven Fireball Festival The Scottish fishing town of Stonehaven celebrates Hogmanay with a spectacular procession of fireball-swinging locals (www.stonehavenfireballs.co.uk). ### zNew Year Celebrations The last night of December sees fireworks and street parties in town squares across the country. London's Trafalgar Sq is where the city's largest crowds gather to herald the New Year. # Itineraries ## Best of Britain ### 2 Weeks Start with a full day in Britain's greatest city, **London** , simply walking the streets to admire the world-famous sights: Buckingham Palace, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Sq and more. Then head southwest to the grand cathedral cities of **Winchester** and **Salisbury** , across to the iconic menhirs of Stonehenge and its less well-known counterpart Avebury Stone Circle, then onwards to the beautiful historic city of **Bath**. Loop over to **Chepstow** for its impressive castle, and then continue to **Cardiff** , the Welsh capital. Retrace slightly, then cruise across the classic English countryside of the **Cotswolds** to reach the university city of **Oxford**. Not far away is **Stratford-upon-Avon** , for everything Shakespeare. Strike out north to Scotland's capital, **Edinburgh** , for another great castle, before recrossing the border to **York** for its glorious cathedral and historic city walls. Keep going south to reach **Cambridge** , another landmark university city. Then enjoy the last few days back in **London** , immersed in galleries, museums, luxury shops, street markets, West End shows, East End cafes – or whatever takes your fancy. ### Itineraries ## The Full Monty ### 1 Month This is a trip for those with time, or an urge to see everything. So brace yourself, and let's be off. After a day or two in **London** , head southeast to **Canterbury** , then along the coast to hip and happening **Brighton**. For a change of pace, divert to the **New Forest** , then up to historic **Winchester** and **Salisbury** with their awe-inspiring cathedrals. Next, religion of a different kind: the ancient stone circles at Stonehenge and Avebury. Go west to **Bath** , with its grand Georgian architecture, Roman remains and famous spas, and then over the border to reach Wales. Stop off at the energetic little city of **Cardiff** , then head north through to the whaleback hills of the **Brecon Beacons** to reach the quirky book-mad town of **Hay-on-Wye**. Then it's back to England, and east into the Cotswolds, with its rolling hills, quintessential rural scenery and chocolate-box towns like **Chipping Norton**. Not far away is the famous university town of **Oxford** , as well as the ancient town of **Warwick** , with its spectacular castle, and Shakespeare's birthplace **Stratford-upon-Avon**. Continue north to **Chester** , for its famous city walls, diverting into North Wales for the grand castles at Conwy and Caernarfon, and the stunning mountains of **Snowdonia**. If time allows and the weather's good, you can take a train to the top of the highest peak. Then ferry across the Mersey to **Liverpool** , with its famous musical heritage and revitalised waterfront, or to **Manchester** for a taste of big-city life, followed by a total change of scenery in the tranquil mountains of the **Lake District**. To the north is the sturdy border town of **Carlisle** , and one of Britain's most impressive Roman remains, **Hadrian's Wall**. Hop across the border to Scotland, via the tranquil Southern Uplands, to reach good-time **Glasgow**. Then trek to **Fort William** (and maybe up Ben Nevis, Britain's highest mountain), from where it's easy to reach the beautiful **Isle of** **Skye**. Then it's time to head south again, via Stirling Castle to **Edinburgh** , and on through the historic abbey towns of Melrose and Jedburgh. Back in England, you can marvel at the castle and cathedral of **Durham** and the ancient Viking capital of **York** , before taking in the old university city of **Cambridge** and enjoying the last few days of your trip in **London**. ### Itineraries ### Itineraries ### Britain's Wild Side ### 4 Weeks This tour takes you through the best of Britain's natural landscape. Start in the **New Forest** , then go west via Dorset's fossil-ridden **Jurassic Coast** to reach granite-topped **Dartmoor**. Stop off at **Land's End** , then traverse the stunning **Cornwall** coast and rich farmland of **Devon** to reach the gorse-clad hills of **Exmoor**. Cross into Wales to hike the **Brecon Beacons** or stroll the beaches of **Pembrokeshire** , then head north to explore mountainous **Snowdonia** and the nearby **Isle of Anglesey**. Then it's back to England, through the hills and moors of the **Peak District** and **Yorkshire Dales** to reach the peaks and grand scenery of the **Lake District**. Head north again, across (or along) the Roman remains of **Hadrian's Wall** , and over the border into Scotland. Saunter through the delightful Southern Uplands, then continue via **Loch Lomond** to the mountain wilderness of the Cairngorms. The top of Britain is crowned by the famous highlands and islands of northwest Scotland, where jewels include peaks like **Ben Nevis** and remote mountain ranges such as **Torridon** , while out to sea the lovely isles of **Skye** and **Mull** bask in the afternoon sun. ### Itineraries ### Urban Odyssey ### 3 Weeks To dig a little under Britain's skin, take this ride through some of its less well-known and revitalised cities. Kick off in **Bristol** , a city with fierce pride and a rich historic legacy, then cross over to **Cardiff** , once a provincial backwater but now the lively Welsh capital. Next stop is **Birmingham** , oozing transformation, with a renovated waterside, energised museums and a space-age shopping centre. Onwards to **Leeds** , where rundown factories and warehouses have been turned into loft apartments, ritzy boutiques and stylish department stores. Shopping not your thing? No problem. Head for **Newcastle-upon-Tyne** and twin-city **Gateshead** ; both have given up on heavy industries in favour of art and architecture – and are famous for to-the-hilt partying. Still want more? It's got to be **Glasgow** , Scotland's other great city, boasting fabulous galleries and welcoming pubs. Then it's south to **Liverpool** , which has reinvented itself as a cultural hot spot, with a famous musical heritage and very lively current music scene. Finish your tour in **Manchester** , a long-time stage for artistic endeavour, with dramatic new architecture and a rather well-known football club. ### Itineraries ### Highland Fling ### 2 Weeks This itinerary is a tour of Scotland's finest and most famous sights, and naturally starts in **Edinburgh** , where highlights include the renowned castle, as well as the Royal Mile, the new parliament and the haunts of the Old Town. For a change of pace, hop over to **Glasgow** for a day or two as well. Then head northeast to see Scotland's other great castle at Stirling. Next stop is **Callander** , a good base for exploring the hills and lochs of the **Trossachs** , part of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, for a first taste of Highland scenery. Continue north and the landscape becomes ever more impressive, culminating in the grandeur of **Glen Coe**. Keen hill-walkers will pause for a day at **Fort William** to trek to the top of **Ben Nevis** (plus another day to recover!) before taking the 'Road to the Isles' past glorious **Glenfinnan** to the fishing harbour of **Mallaig**. Take the ferry to the **Isle of Skye** , then head back to the mainland via the Skye Bridge to reach pretty **Plockton** and magnificent **Glen Torridon**. Onwards, via the outpost of **Ullapool** , takes you into the British mainland's furthest reaches, the remote mountain landscape of Scotland's far Northwest, before looping south to finish your tour at **Inverness**. ### Itineraries ### Edge of England ### 2 Weeks If you like the outdoors, and prefer flocks of birds to crowds of people, try this backwater route along England's eastern fringe. Start in **Colchester** , then head out into the sleepy county of Suffolk, where quaint villages and market towns such as **Sudbury** and **Lavenham** dot the landscape, while along the coast are wildlife reserves, shingly beaches, fishing ports such as **Aldeburgh** , and the delightfully retro seaside resort of **Southwold**. Things get even quieter in Norfolk, especially around the misty lakes and windmill-lined rivers of the **Broads**. For beach strolls or historic country pubs, head for the coastal villages near **Wells-next-the-Sea**. Across the border in Lincolnshire lies the eerie, pan-flat landscape of the **Fens** , now a haven for otters and birdlife. Continue into the heather-clad **North York Moors** where humpbacked hills roll all the way to the coast to drop dramatically into the choppy waters of the North Sea. Enjoy a blustery stroll on the wild coast of Northumberland near the landmark castles of Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh, then end your tour at the historic island of **Lindisfarne**. ### Itineraries ### Welsh Wander ### 1 Week The coast and countryside of Wales has long been a favourite with visitors, and this tour includes most of the hot spots. Combine it with the Southwest Meander for a longer jaunt along part of Britain's Celtic fringe. Start in **Cardiff** , with its fantastical castle, gigantic rugby stadium, revitalised waterfront and stunning Millennium Centre. Head west via the beautiful **Gower Peninsula** to reach the clear waters and sandy beaches of **Pembrokeshire**. Don't miss the ancient cathedral at St Davids – Britain's smallest city. Continue up the coast to **Aberystwyth** , then through 'alternative' **Machynlleth** to reach **Harlech** and its ancient castle. Divert to the tranquil **Isle of Anglesey** and historic Beaumaris Castle, then strike through the mountains of **Snowdonia** to reach **Conwy** (another stunning castle) and the seaside resort of **Llandudno**. Southwards takes you through **Llangollen** , with its jolly steam trains and vertiginous aqueduct, then along the England–Wales borderlands to book-mad **Hay-on-Wye**. Loop inland to peaceful **Brecon** and foodie **Abergavenny** , then saunter down the **Wye Valley** to finish at the frontier town of **Chepstow –** and yet another amazing castle. ### Itineraries ### Southwest Meander ### 2 Weeks The southwest of England takes a bit of effort to reach but repays in full with a rich green landscape dotted with hills and moors, surrounded by glistening seas. Start in **Bristol** , the capital of the Westcountry, then saunter south to reach **Glastonbury** – famous for its annual music festival and the best place to stock up on candles or crystals at any time of year. West leads to heathery **Exmoor**. South leads to **Dorset** , where highlights include picturesque **Shaftesbury** and the fossil-strewn Jurassic Coast. Onwards into **Devon** , and there's a choice of coasts, as well as **Dartmoor** , the highest and wildest hills in southern Britain. Cross into **Cornwall** to explore the space-age biodomes of the Eden Project. Nearby, but in another era entirely, is Tintagel Castle, the legendary birthplace of King Arthur. Depending on your tastes, you can hang-ten in surf-flavoured party-town **Newquay** , or browse the galleries at **St Ives**. The natural finish to this wild-west tour is **Land's End** , where the British mainland comes to a final full stop. Sink a drink in the First and Last Inn in Sennen, and promise yourself a return trip some day... ## Plan Your Trip # The Great Outdoors What's the best way to slow down, meet the locals and get off the beaten track as you travel around Britain? Simple: go for a walk, or get on a bike. Getting involved in the great outdoors is much more rewarding than staring at it through a car window or camera lens. ## Need to Know ### Best Seasons **Summer (Jun–Aug)** Weather usually warm and dry; long evenings with plenty of daylight, too. **Late spring (May) and early autumn (Sep)** Fewer crowds; days often mild and sunny. In Scotland, drier weather and fewer midges than high summer. ### Best Maps **Ordnance Survey** UK's national mapping agency; Explorer series 1:25,000 scale. **Harvey Maps** Specially designed for walkers; Superwalker series 1:25,000 scale. ### Best Websites **www.walkhighlands.co.uk** Superb database of walks of all lengths in Scotland. **www.walkingenglishman.com** Short walks in England and Wales. **www.nationaltrail.co.uk** Great for specifics on long-distance trails in England and Wales. **www.scotlandsgreattrails.org.uk** Long-distance trails in Scotland. ## Walking Walking is the most popular outdoor activity in Britain – for locals and visitors alike. Firstly, because it opens up some beautiful corners of the country, and secondly, because it can be done virtually on a whim. In fact, compared with hiking and trekking in some other parts of the world, it doesn't take much planning at all. ### Getting Started An established infrastructure for walkers already exists in Britain, so everything is easy for visitors or first-timers. Most villages and country towns in areas where walking is popular have shops selling maps and local guidebooks, while the local tourist office can provide leaflets and other information. In the national parks, suggested routes or guided walks are often available. This all means you can arrive in a place for the first time, pick up some info, and within an hour you'll be walking through some of Britain's finest landscape. No fees. No permits. No worries. It really is almost effortless. ### Britain's Footpath Network Britain is covered in a vast network of footpaths, many of which are centuries old, dating from the time when walking was the only way to get from farm to village, from village to town, from town to coast, or from valley to valley. Any walk you do today will follow these historic paths. Even Britain's longest walks simply link up many shorter paths. You'll also sometimes walk along 'bridleways' originally used for horse transport, and old unsurfaced roads called 'byways'. ### WEATHER WATCH While enjoying the outdoors, it's always worth remembering the fickle nature of the British weather. The countryside can appear gentle and welcoming, and often is, but sometimes conditions can turn nasty – especially on the higher ground. At any time of year, if you're walking on the hills or open moors, it's vital to be well equipped. You should carry warm and waterproof clothing (even in summer); a map and compass (that you know how to use); and drink and food, including high-energy stuff such as chocolate. If you're really going off the beaten track, leave details of your route with someone. ### Rights of Way The absolute pleasure of walking in Britain is mostly thanks to the 'right of way' network – public paths and tracks across private property, especially in England and Wales. In Britain, nearly all land (including in national parks) is privately owned, but if there's a right of way you can follow it through fields, pastures, woods, even farmhouse yards, as long as you keep to the route and do no damage. In some mountain and moorland areas, walkers can move freely beyond the rights of way and explore at will. Known as 'freedom to roam', where permitted it's clearly advertised with markers on gates and signposts. For more information see the Access pages on www.naturalengland.org.uk. Scotland has a different legal system, where the **Scottish Outdoor Access Code** (www.outdooraccess-scotland.com) allows walkers to cross most private land providing they act responsibly. There are restrictions during lambing time, bird-nesting periods and the grouse- and deer-hunting seasons. ## Britain's Best Walking Areas Although you can walk just about anywhere in Britain, some areas are better than others. Here's a rundown of favourite places, suitable for short walks of a couple of hours, or longer all-day outings. ### Southern England The chalky hills of the South Downs stride across the counties of West Sussex and East Sussex, while the New Forest in Hampshire is great for easy strolls and the nearby Isle of Wight has excellent walking options. The highest and wildest area in southern England is Dartmoor, dotted with Bronze Age remains and granite outcrops called 'tors' – looking for all the world like abstract sculptures. Exmoor has heather-covered hills cut by deep valleys and a lovely stretch of coastline, while the entire coast of the southwest peninsula from Dorset to Somerset offers dramatic walking conditions – especially along the beautiful cliff-lined shore of Cornwall. ### Central England The gem of central England is the Cotswold Hills, classic English countryside with gentle paths through neat fields, mature woodland and pretty villages of honey-coloured stone. The Marches, where England borders Wales, are similarly bucolic with more good walking options. For something higher, aim for the Peak District, divided into two distinct areas: the White Peak, characterised by limestone, farmland and verdant dales, ideal for gentle strolls; and the Dark Peak, with high peaty moorlands, heather and gritstone outcrops, for more serious hikes. ### Northern England The Lake District is the heart and soul of walking in England, a wonderful area of soaring peaks, endless views, deep valleys and, of course, beautiful lakes. On the other side of the country, the rolling hills of the Yorkshire Dales is another very popular walking area. Further north, keen walkers love the starkly beautiful hills of Northumberland National Park, while the nearby coast is less daunting but just as dramatic – perfect for wild seaside strolls. ### South & Mid-Wales The Brecon Beacons is a large range of gigantic rolling whaleback hills with broad ridges and table-top summits, while out in the west is Pembrokeshire, a wonderful array of beaches, cliffs, islands, coves and harbours, with a hinterland of tranquil farmland and secret waterways, and a relatively mild climate year-round. ### North Wales For walkers, North Wales _is_ Snowdonia, where the remains of ancient volcanoes bequeath a striking landscape of jagged peaks, sharp ridges and steep cliffs. There are challenging walks on Snowdon itself – at 1085m, the highest peak in Wales – and many more on the nearby Glyder and Carneddau ranges, or further south around Cader Idris. ### Southern & Central Scotland This extensive region embraces several areas just perfect for keen walkers, including Ben Lomond, the best-known peak in the area, and the nearby Trossachs hills, lying within the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park. Also here is the splendid Isle of Arran, with a great choice of coastal rambles and high-mountain hikes. ### Northern & Western Scotland For serious walkers, heaven is the northern and western parts of Scotland, where the forces of nature have created a mountainous landscape of utter grandeur, including two of Scotland's most famous place names, Glen Coe and Ben Nevis (Britain's highest mountain at 1344m). Off the west coast lie the dramatic mountains of the Isle of Skye. Keep going north and west, and things just keep getting better: a remote and beautiful area, sparsely populated, with scenic glens and lochs, and some of the largest, wildest and finest mountains in Britain. ### LONG-DISTANCE TRAILS Some long-distance walking routes – such as the Pennine Way, the West Highland Way and the Pembrokeshire Coast Path – are well known and well maintained, with signposts and route-markers along the way, as well as being highlighted on Ordnance Survey maps. The most high-profile of these are the national trails, usually very clearly marked on the ground and on the map – ideal for beginners or visitors from overseas (although they're easy to follow, it doesn't mean they're necessarily easy underfoot). A downside of these famous routes is that they can be crowded in holiday times, making accommodation harder to find. An upside is the great feeling of camaraderie with other walkers on the trail. ## Cycling & Mountain Biking A bike is the perfect mode of transport for exploring back-road Britain. Once you escape the busy main highways, a vast network of quiet country lanes winds through fields and peaceful villages, ideal for cycle-touring. You can cruise through gently rolling landscapes, taking it easy and stopping for cream teas, or you can thrash all day through hilly areas, revelling in steep ascents and swooping downhill sections. You can cycle from place to place, camping or staying in B&Bs (many of which are cyclist-friendly), or you can base yourself in one area for a few days and go out on rides in different directions. All you need is a map and a sense of adventure. Mountain-bikers can go further into the wilds on the tracks and bridleways that criss-cross Britain's hills and high moors, or head for the many dedicated mountain-bike trail centres where specially built single-track winds through the forests. Options at these centres vary from delightful dirt roads ideal for families to gnarly rock gardens and precipitous dropoffs for hardcore riders, all classified from green to black in ski-resort style. A **www.sustrans.org.uk** Details of Britain's national network of cycling trails. A **www.forestry.gov.uk/england-cycling** Guide to forest cycling trails in England. A **www.dmbins.com** Guide to mountain-biking trails in Scotland. ## Horse Riding & Pony Trekking If you want to explore the hills and moors but walking or cycling is too much of a sweat, seeing the wilder parts of Britain from horseback is highly recommended. In rural areas and national parks like Dartmoor and Northumberland, riding centres cater to all levels of proficiency, with ponies for kids and beginners and horses for the more experienced. A **British Horse Society** (www.bhs.org.uk) Lists approved riding centres offering day rides or longer holidays on horseback. ## Fishing After walking, fishing is Britain's most popular outdoor activity. As well as sea angling, there is excellent fishing for brown trout, grayling, pike, perch, carp and other coarse fish all over England, while Scotland offers some of the world's best salmon fishing. Fishing rights to most inland waters are privately owned and you must obtain a permit to fish in them – these are usually readily available from the local fishing-tackle shop or hotel, which are also great sources of advice and local knowledge. Permits cost from around £5 to £20 per day but salmon fishing on some rivers – notably the Tyne in northeast England, and Scotland's Tweed, Tay and Spey – can be much more expensive (up to £150 a day). In England and Wales, as well as a permit you will need a rod licence, which can be purchased online (www.postoffice.co.uk/rod-fishing-licence) or from post offices all over the country. This costs £3.75/8/27 for one day/eight days/one year for all freshwater fish except salmon and sea trout, which cost £8/23/72. Rod licences are not required in Scotland. Fishing in the sea is generally free (except for salmon and sea trout), and neither permit nor rod licence is needed. A **www.fishpal.com** Information and booking portal for fishing (mostly salmon and trout) all over Britain. A **fishing.visitwales.com** Guide to fishing in Wales. ## Canoeing, Kayaking & Rafting Britain's west coast, with its sheltered inlets, indented shoreline and countless islands, is ideal for sea kayaking, while its inland lakes and canals are great for Canadian canoeing. In addition, the turbulent spate rivers of Scotland and Wales offers some of Britain's best whitewater kayaking and rafting. Equipment rental and instruction are readily available in major centres such as Cornwall, Anglesey, the Lake District, Loch Lomond and the Isle of Skye. A **www.gocanoeing.org.uk** Lists approved canoeing centres in England. A **www.canoescotland.org** Canoe trails in Scotland. A **www.ukrafting.co.uk** Whitewater rafting in Wales. ## Surfing & Windsurfing Britain may not seem an obvious destination for surfing, but conditions are surprisingly good and the large tidal range often means a completely different set of breaks at low and high tides. If you've come from the other side of the world, you'll be delighted to learn that summer water temperatures in southern England are roughly equivalent to winter temperatures in southern Australia (ie you'll still need a wetsuit). At the main spots, it's easy enough to hire boards and wetsuits. Top of the list are the Atlantic-facing coasts of Cornwall and Devon (Newquay is surf-central, with all the trappings from Kombi vans to bleached hair), and there are smaller surf scenes elsewhere, notably Pembrokeshire and the Gower in Wales, and Norfolk and Yorkshire in eastern England. Hardier souls can head for northern Scotland and the Outer Hebrides, which have some of the best and most consistent surf in Europe. A **surfinggb.com** Listings of approved surf schools, courses, competitions and so on. Windsurfing is hugely popular all around the coast. Top areas include Norfolk, Suffolk, Devon and Cornwall, the Isle of Wight, and the islands of Tiree, Orkney and the Outer Hebrides. *** ukwindsurfing.com** A good source of info. ## Coasteering If sometimes a simple clifftop walk doesn't cut the mustard, then coasteering might appeal. It's like mountaineering, but instead of going up a mountain, you go sideways along a coast – a steep and rocky coast – with waves breaking around your feet. And if the rock gets too steep, no problem – you jump in and start swimming. Coasteering centres provide wetsuits, helmets and buoyancy aids; you provide an old pair of training shoes and a sense of adventure. The sport is available all around Britain, but the mix of sheer cliffs, sandy beaches and warm water make Cornwall and Devon prime spots. A **www.coasteering.org** Info on coasteering in Devon and Cornwall. ## Rock Climbing Britain has a long history of rock climbing and mountaineering, with many of the classic routes having been pioneered in the 19th century. The main rock-climbing areas include the Scottish Highlands, the Lake District, the Peak District and North Wales, plus the sea cliffs of South Wales, Devon and Cornwall, but there are also hundreds of smaller crags situated all over the country. Comprehensive climbing guidebooks are published by the **Scottish Mountaineering Club** (www.smc.org.uk), the **Fell & Rock Climbing Club** (www.frcc.co.uk) and the **Climbers Club** (www.climbers-club.co.uk), while **UKClimbing** (www.ukclimbing.com) is full of useful information. ## Sailing & Boating Scotland's west coast, with its myriad islands, superb scenery and challenging winds and tides, is widely acknowledged to be one of the finest yachting areas in the world, while the canals of England and Wales offer a classic narrow-boating experience. Beginners can take a **Royal Yachting Association** (www.rya.org) training course in yachting or dinghy sailing at many sailing schools around the coast. Narrow-boaters only need a quick introductory lesson at the start of their trip – for more info see www.canalholidays.com. ## Skiing & Snowboarding Britain's ski centres are all in the Scottish Highlands: A **Cairngorm Mountain** (www.cairngormmountain.com) 1097m; has almost 30 runs spread over an extensive area. A **Glencoe** (www.glencoemountain.com) 1108m; has five tows and two chairlifts. A **Glenshee** (www.ski-glenshee.co.uk) 920m; situated on the A93 road between Perth and Braemar; offers the largest network of lifts and the widest range of runs in Britain. A **Lecht** (www.lecht.co.uk) 793m; the smallest and most remote centre, on the A939 between Ballater and Grantown-on-Spey. A **Nevis Range** (www.nevisrange.co.uk) 1221m; near Fort William; offers the highest ski runs, the grandest setting and some of the best off-piste potential. The high season is from January to April but it's sometimes possible to ski from as early as November to as late as May. It's easy to turn up at the slopes, hire some kit, buy a day pass and off you go. Weather and snow reports can be obtained from the following: A **Ski Scotland** (www.ski-scotland.com) A **WinterHighland** (www.winterhighland.info) ## Plan Your Trip # Eat & Drink Like a Local Britain once had a reputation for bad food, but the nation has enjoyed something of a culinary revolution over the past decade. London is recognised as having one of the best restaurant scenes in the world, while all over the country stylish eateries and gourmet gastropubs are making the most of a newfound passion for quality local produce. ## The Year in Food ### Best in Spring (Mar–May) Spring brings fresh asparagus, new potatoes (notably Jersey Royals), pink rhubarb and tender lamb. ### Best in Summer (Jun–Aug) Strawberries, raspberries and other soft fruits are in season along with salad vegetables such as lettuce and radishes, and seafood such as scallops, langoustines, mackerel and cod. ### Best in Autumn (Sep–Nov) Apples and blackberries (often cooked together in a crumble), game including venison and wood pigeon, and shellfish – oysters, mussels and cockles. Also the main season for food festivals. ### Best in Winter (Dec–Feb) Sweet chestnuts (roasted on an open fire), and that classic Christmas combination of goose, root vegetables and Brussels sprouts. ## Food Experiences ### Meals of a Lifetime AWaterside Inn Exquisite French food at Michel Roux' classic restaurant, in a romantic setting on the banks of the Thames. ADinner by Heston Blumenthal Famous exponent of 'molecular gastronomy' leads you through a tour of Britain's culinary history. ARestaurant Nathan Outlaw Superb local seafood is the trademark of Cornwall's only Michelin-starred chef. AThree Chimneys A windswept crofting cottage in a far-flung corner of the Isle of Skye is home to unexpected gastronomic delights. AHardwick Set in the heart of Mid-Wales gastropub territory, this rustic inn was one of the first on the scene, and still delivers a meal to remember. ASt John A pioneer of 'nose-to-tail' dining (ie eating every part of the animal), St John offers a memorably 'offal' dining experience. ### Cheap Treats A **Fish and chips** The nation's favourite takeaway meal, served in hundreds of chip shops all over the country. A **Bacon sandwich** The breakfast of champions. Debate rages over the choice of sauce – red (tomato ketchup) or brown (spicy pickled fruit sauce). A **Beans on toast** A comforting childhood classic of tinned baked beans poured over buttered toast, served in many cafes as a breakfast or lunch dish. A **Cockles** A classic seaside snack that has been enjoyed by generations of British holidaymakers, sprinkled with vinegar and eaten from a cardboard tub with a wooden fork. A **Scotch egg** This masterpiece of culinary engineering consists of a hardboiled egg wrapped in sausage meat, coated in breadcrumbs and deep-fried. Scotch eggs and pickleANDREW DERNIE / GETTY IMAGES © ### Dare to Try A **Haggis** Scotland's national dish is made from the chopped heart, liver and lungs of a sheep, mixed with oatmeal and onion. Widely available in Scottish restaurants. A **Tripe** Cow's stomach lining, traditionally poached in milk with onions. A wartime staple, but hard to find in restaurants today – though it's making a comeback. A **Stinking Bishop** Britain's most pungent cheese, made in Gloucestershire and redolent of old socks. Available from Harrods in London, and many specialist cheese shops. A **Jellied eels** Traditional London side dish that can still be found in the capital's pie and mash shops. ### BRITISH DINERS, INTERNATIONAL TASTES For most Britons, traditional British food is only one part of a hugely varied diet that takes in everything from Indian and Pakistani curries to Chinese noodles to Italian pasta dishes. Fast food outlets are a favourite lunchtime and postpub destination, with Turkish kebabs, pizza shops and American fried chicken outlets at the top of the popularity stakes. ## Local Specialities ### Scotland Scotland may be most famous for haggis, but seafood is where it excels. Fresh lobster, langoustine, salmon and scallops are the favourites of restaurant menus, but look out for traditional dishes such as Arbroath smokies (hot-smoked haddock) and Cullen skink (soup made with smoked haddock, onion, butter and milk). Oats have been a mainstay of the Scottish diet for centuries, appearing in the form of porridge and oatcakes, but also as a coating for fried trout or herring, and in the classic Scottish dessert known as cranachan (whipped cream flavoured with whisky and mixed with raspberries and toasted oatmeal). ### Wales Tender and tasty Welsh lamb is sought after by restaurateurs all over Britain, but it also appears in the rustic local dish known as cawl (pronounced 'cowl') – a one-pot stew of lamb, bacon, cabbage, potato and swede. Better known is laverbread, which is not bread but seaweed, cooked with oatmeal and often served for breakfast with toast and bacon. Sweet-toothed visitors should look out for Welsh cakes (fruity griddle scones) and _bara brith_ (a dense and spicy fruit cake flavoured with tea and marmalade). ### The Midlands The Leicestershire town of Melton Mowbray is famed for its pork pies, always eaten cold, ideally with pickle. Only pies handmade in the eponymous town can carry the Melton Mowbray moniker – in the same way that only fizzy wine from the Champagne region of France can carry that name. Bakewell pudding (pudding, mark you, not 'Bakewell tart' as it's sometimes called) features regularly on local dessert menus and is certainly worth sampling. It is named after the Derbyshire town where it originated in 1860, and consists of a pastry base topped with jam egg custard and almond paste. ### North of England The northeast of England is known for its kippers (smoked herring), traditionally grilled with butter and served for breakfast with toast and marmalade on the side, and for pease pudding (a thick stew of yellow split peas cooked in ham stock). The northwest lays claim to Lancashire hotpot (slow-cooked stew of lamb and onion topped with sliced potatoes), Eccles cakes (rounds of flaky pastry filled with currants), and Cumberland sausage (a spiral shaped pork sausage flavoured with herbs). But the most famous of northern specialities is Yorkshire pudding, a light and puffy batter pudding usually served as a side dish with roast beef, that has now been adopted all over Britain. ### Southwest England Cows reared on the rich pastures of Devon and Cornwall create some of Britain's finest dairy produce, notably the famous clotted cream (a very thick cream made by heating full-cream milk) that forms an essential component of Cornish cream teas. Less refined but equally tasty are Cornish pasties (crimped pastry parcels containing minced beef, onion and potato), once the lunchtime staple of miners and farm workers. ### London & Southeast England Ask a Londoner about local food specialities, and you're bound to get the answer – pie and mash, and jellied eels. The staple menu of working-class Londoners since the 19th century, the former consists of a small pie filled with minced beef served with mashed potato and 'liquor' – a parsley-rich gravy made from the stock in which eels have been cooked. The eels are cooled and set in the jellied stock, and served as a side dish with malt vinegar – try them out at M Manze or Poppies. Oysters today have an expensive reputation, but in the 19th century they were a cheap and plentiful foodstuff, eaten by all. Whitstable oysters, from Kent – the native British species, unlike the more common, farmed Pacific oysters – have been harvested since Roman times, and still grace the tables of London restaurants and oyster bars. ### SIX CLASSIC BRITISH CHEESES A **Cheddar** Sharp and savoury, Britain's most popular cheese originates in Somerset but is now made all over the country (and, indeed, the world). A **Stilton** A pungent blue cheese, traditionally eaten after dinner with a glass of port. A **Wensleydale** Crumbly white cheese from Yorkshire, with a mild, honeyed flavour. A **Caerphilly** From the Welsh town of the same name, this hard, salty cheese has an annual festival dedicated to it. A **Cornish Yarg** A rich, creamy cheese characterised by its wrapping of nettle leaves. A **Caboc** A Highland Scottish cream cheese rolled in oatmeal, whose recipe is more than 500 years old. ## How to Eat & Drink ### When to Eat **Breakfast** is served in most hotels and B&Bs between 7am and 9am, or perhaps 8am to 10am on weekends. In cafes, the breakfast menu might extend to 11am through the week. **Lunch** is generally taken between noon and 2pm, and can range from a sandwich and a bag of crisps to a three-course meal with wine. Many restaurants offer a set menu two-course lunch at competitive prices on weekdays, while cafes often have a daily lunch special, or offer soup and a sandwich. **Afternoon tea** is a tradition inherited from the British aristocracy and eagerly adopted by the middle classes, a between-meals snack now enjoying a revival in country hotels and upmarket tearooms. It consists of dainty sandwiches, cakes and pastries plus, of course, a cup of tea, poured from a silver teapot and sipped politely from fine china cups. **Dinner** is the main meal of the day, usually served in restaurants between 6pm and 9pm, and consisting of two or three courses – starter, main and dessert. Upmarket restaurant might serve a five-course dinner, with an amuse-bouche to begin, and a fish course between starter and main. **Sunday lunch** is another great British tradition. It is the main meal of the day, normally served between noon and 4pm. Many pubs and restaurants offer Sunday lunch, where the main course usually consists of roast beef, lamb or pork, accompanied by roast or mashed potatoes, gravy, and boiled vegetables such as carrots and peas. (In parts of Britain, notably northern England and Scotland, many people use the word 'dinner' for their main midday meal, and 'tea' for a light evening meal. However, this terminology is rarely, if ever, used in restaurants.) ### Where to Eat A **Cafes** Traditional cafes are simple eateries serving simple food – sandwiches, pies, sausage and chips. Quality varies enormously: some cafes definitely earn their 'greasy spoon' handle, while others are neat and clean. A **Tearooms** The tearoom is a British institution, serving cakes, scones and sandwiches accompanied by pots of tea (though coffee is usually available too). Upmarket tearooms may also serve afternoon tea. A **Coffee shops** In most cities and towns you'll also find coffee shops – both independents and international chains – serving decent lattes, cappuccinos and espressos, and continental-style snacks such as bagels, panini or ciabattas. A **Restaurants** London has scores of excellent restaurants that could hold their own in major cities worldwide, while eating places in other British cities can give the capital a run for its money (often for rather less money). A **Pubs** Many British pubs serve a wide range of food, and it's often a good-value option whether you want a toasted sandwich between museum visits in London, or a three-course meal in the evening after touring the castles of Wales. A **Gastropubs** The quality of food in some pubs is now so high that they have created a whole new genre of eatery – the gastropub. The finest are almost restaurants (a few have been awarded Michelin stars) but others go for a more relaxed atmosphere. ## Plan Your Trip # Travel with Children Britain is ideal for travelling with children because of its compact size, packing a lot of attractions into a small area. So when the kids in the back of the car say 'are we there yet?' your answer can often be 'yes, we are'. ## Best Regions for Kids ### London The capital has children's attractions galore; many are free. ### Devon, Cornwall & Wessex Lovely beaches and reliable weather, though crowded in summer. ### The Midlands Caverns and 'show caves', plus former railways are now traffic-free cycle routes. ### Oxford & the Cotswolds Oxford has Harry Potter connections; the Cotswolds is ideal for little-leg strolls. ### Lake District & Cumbria Zip wires and kayaks for teenagers; boat rides and Beatrix Potter for youngsters. ### Wales Long coast of beaches and pony-trekking in the hill country. And loads of castles... ### Southern Scotland Edinburgh and Glasgow have kid-friendly museums; the Southern Uplands offer great mountain biking for a range of skill levels. ### Scottish Highlands & Islands Hardy teenagers plunge into outdoor activities; dolphin-spotting boat trips are fun for all the family. ## Britain for Kids Many places of interest cater for kids as much as adults. At historic castles, for example, mum and dad can admire the medieval architecture, while the kids will have great fun striding around the battlements. In the same way, many national parks and holiday resorts organise specific activities for children. It goes without saying that everything ramps up in the school holidays. ### Bargain Hunting Most visitor attractions offer family tickets – usually two adults plus two children – for less than the sum of the individual entrance charges. Most offer cheaper rates for solo parents and kids, too. Be sure to ask, as these are not always clearly displayed. ### On the Road If you're going by public transport, trains are great for families: intercity services have plenty of room for luggage and extra stuff like buggies (strollers), and the kids can move about a bit when bored. In contrast, they need to stay in their seats on long-distance coaches. If you're hiring a car, most (but not all) rental firms can provide child seats – but you'll need to check this in advance. Most will not actually fit the child seats; you need to do that yourself, for insurance reasons. ### BABY-CHANGING FACILITIES Most museums and other attractions in Britain usually have good baby-changing facilities (cue old joke: I swapped mine for a nice souvenir). Elsewhere, some city-centre public toilets have baby-changing areas, although these can be a bit grimy; your best bet for clean facilities is an upmarket department store. On the road, baby-changing facilities are generally bearable at motorway service stations and OK at out-of-town supermarkets. ### Dining, not Whining When it comes to refuelling, most cafes and teashops are child-friendly. Restaurants are mixed: some offer high chairs and kiddy portions; others firmly say 'no children after 6pm'. Children under 18 are usually not allowed in pubs serving just alcohol. Pubs also serving meals generally allow children of any age (with their parents) in England and Wales, but in Scotland they must be over 14 and must leave by 8pm. If in doubt, simply ask the bar staff. And finally, a word on another kind of refuelling: Britain is still slightly buttoned up about breastfeeding. Older folks may tut-tut a bit if you give junior a top-up in public, but if done modestly it's usually considered OK. ## Children's Highlights ### Best Fresh-Air Fun If the kids tire of castles and museums, you're never far from a place for outdoor activities to blow away the cobwebs. AWildlife Cruises, Scotland's west coast What child could resist a boat trip to see seals, porpoises and dolphins, maybe even a whale? APuzzlewood, Forest of Dean Wonderful woodland playground with mazy paths, weird rock formations and eerie passageways. AWhinlatter Forest Park, Cumbria Highlights include a Go Ape adventure park and excellent mountain-bike trails, plus live video feeds from red squirrel cams. ABewilderwood, Norfolk Zip wires, jungle bridges, tree houses, marsh walks, boat trips, mazes and all sorts of old-fashioned outdoor adventure. ALyme Regis, Dorset Guided tours to find your very own prehistoric fossil. ACotswold Farm Park Child-friendly introduction to the world of farm animals. ATissington Trail, Derbyshire Cycling this former railway is fun and almost effortless. You can hire kids' bikes, tandems and trailers. Don't forget to hoot in the tunnels! A7Stanes MTB Centres, southern Scotland A network of mountain-biking centres offering everything from easy, family-friendly trails with picnic tables and viewpoints, to more challenging routes for teenagers. ### Best Hands-On Action Please do not touch? No chance. Here are some places where grubby fingers and enquiring minds are positively welcomed. AScience Museum, London Seven floors of educational exhibits, at the mother of all science museums. AEnginuity, Ironbridge Endless hands-on displays at the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. ANational Waterfront Museum, Swansea Great interactive family fun. AGlasgow Science Centre Bringing science and technology alive through hundreds of engaging exhibits. ADiscovery Museum, Newcastle Tyneside's rich history on display; highlights include a buzzers-and-bells science maze. ### Best Rainy-Day Distractions For those inevitable gloomy days, head for the indoor attractions; don't forget the nation's great collection of museums. Alternatively, try outdoor stuff like coasteering in Pembrokeshire or canyoning in the Lake District. It's always fun – wet or dry. ACadbury World, Birmingham Dentists may cry, but kids love the story of chocolate. And yes, there are free samples. AUnderground Edinburgh Take a guided tour of the haunted vaults beneath the medieval Old Town. AEden Project, Cornwall It may be raining outside, but inside these giant domes it's forever tropical forest or Mediterranean climate. ACheddar Gorge Caves, Wessex Finally nail the difference between stalactites and stalagmites in the Westcountry's deep caverns. AUnderground Passages, Exeter Explore medieval catacombs – the only system of its kind open to the public in England. ### Best Stealth Learning Across the country are many excellent museums, where young minds can be exercised while the kids think they are 'just' having fun. AAt-Bristol, Bristol One of Britain's best interactive science museums, covering space, technology and the human brain. ARiverside Museum, Glasgow Top-class interactive museum with a focus on transport. AJorvik Viking Centre, York Excellent smells-and-all Viking settlement reconstruction. ANatural History Museum, London Highlights include the life-size blue whale and animatronic dinosaurs. AThinktank, Birmingham Every display comes with a button or a lever at this 'edutaining' science museum. ANational Space Centre, Leicester Spacesuits, zero-gravity toilets and miniastronaut training – guaranteed to boost little brains. ACentre for Alternative Technology, Machynlleth Educational, fun and truly green – great for curious kids. ## Planning ### When to Go The best time for families to visit Britain is pretty much the best time for everyone else: from April/May to the end of September. It's worth avoiding August – the heart of school summer holidays – when prices go up and roads are busy, especially near the coast. Other school holidays are two weeks around Easter Sunday, and mid-December to early January, plus three week-long 'half-term' breaks – usually late February (or early March), late May and late October. ### Places to Stay Some hotels welcome kids (with their parents) and provide cots, toys and babysitting services, while others maintain an adult atmosphere. Many B&Bs offer 'family suites' of two adjoining bedrooms with one bathroom, and an increasing number of hostels (YHA, SYHA and independent) have family rooms with four or six beds – some even with private bathroom attached. If you want to stay in one place for a while, renting a holiday cottage is ideal. Camping is very popular with British families, and there are lots of fantastic campsites, but you'll usually need all your own gear. ### Handy Websites ABaby Goes 2 (www.babygoes2.com) Advice, tips and encouragement (and a stack of advertising) for families on holiday. AMumsNet (www.mumsnet.com) No-nonsense advice on travel and more from a vast network of UK mothers. # Regions at a Glance From the multicultural melting pot of London to the remote islands of the Outer Hebrides, Britain's regions offer a kaleidoscope of classic experiences. Southern England is where you'll find the archetypal English countryside of lush meadows, thatched cottages and games of cricket on the village green. The southwestern counties of Devon and Cornwall are wilder in nature, known for their surf beaches and seafood restaurants. Lovers of mountain scenery will be spoilt for choice in the Scottish Highlands, the Lake District and North Wales, while those who prefer gritty industrial heritage and lively nightlife will enjoy the northern English cities of Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle. And bang in the middle is Yorkshire, with everything from the gorgeous city of York to the rolling moors of the Yorkshire Dales. ### Regions at a Glance ### London #### Historic Streets London's ancient streets contain many of Britain's most famous and history-steeped landmarks. The echoes of the footfalls of monarchs, poets, whores and saints can still be detected in places like the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral, as well as the pubs and coaching inns that once served Dickens, Shelley, Keats and Byron. #### Entertainment From West End theatres to East End clubs, from Camden's rock venues to Covent Garden's opera house, from tennis at Wimbledon to cricket at Lord's or football at Wembley, London's world-famous venues and arenas offer a perpetual clamour of entertainment. #### Museums & Galleries While the British Museum is the big crowd-puller, the capital has museums and galleries of every shape and size – and many of the very best are free. ### Regions at a Glance ### Canterbury & Southeast England #### Canterbury Cathedral A major reason to visit southeast England, Canterbury Cathedral is one of the finest cathedrals in Europe, and one of the most holy places in Christendom. Write your own Canterbury tale as you explore its atmospheric chapels, cloisters and crypts. #### Invasion Heritage The southeast has always been a gateway for Continental arrivals, some more welcome than others. Castles and fortresses, the 1066 battlefield and Dover's secret wartime tunnels tell the region's story of invasion and defence. #### Hops & Grapes Kent is deservedly known as the Garden of England, long celebrated for its hops, which are still used to flavour traditional English beers. Sussex isn't far behind, with England's finest sparkling wine giving the French stuff a run for its euro. ### Regions at a Glance ### Oxford, Cotswolds & Around #### Oxford Colleges Oxford's architecture will never leave you indifferent, whether you gaze across the 'dreaming spires' from the top of Carfax Tower, or explore the medieval streets on foot, or simply admire the fantastic gargoyles on the college facades. #### Blenheim Palace Favoured by the rich and powerful for centuries, this region is scattered with some of the finest country houses in Britain. Top of the pile is the baroque masterpiece of Blenheim Palace, birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill. #### Cotswold Villages Littered with picturesque 'chocolate box' scenes of honey-coloured stone cottages, thatched roofs, neat greens and cobbled lanes, the villages of the Cotswolds provide a charming snapshot of rural England. ### Regions at a Glance ### Bath & Southwest England #### Cornish Beaches Britain's southwest peninsula juts determinedly into the Atlantic, fringed by an almost endless chain of sandy beaches, from the picturesque scenery of Kynance Cove to the rolling surf of Newquay. #### Roman Remains The handsome Georgian city of Bath – the whole town is a Unesco World Heritage site – is home to one of the best-preserved Roman bath complexes in the world. #### Hiking & Surfing If you like to take it nice and easy, come to walk the moors or tootle along cycle trails. If you prefer life fast and furious, come to surf the best waves in England or learn to dive or kitesurf. ### Regions at a Glance ### Cambridge & East Anglia #### Historic Churches From the magnificent cath­edrals of Ely, Norwich and Peterborough to Cambridge's King's College Chapel, Trinity's Great Court and the New Court at St John's, East Anglia's architectural splendour is second to none. #### Seaside Resorts With wide sandy beaches, great seafood, delightful old pubs, globally important bird reserves, historic villages still proud of their nautical heritage and classic seaside resorts such as Southwold and Cromer, the coastline of East Anglia is rich and varied. #### The Broads The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads is a tranquil area of lakes and meandering rivers, and an ideal spot for boating, birding, canoeing, cycling or walking, or just getting back to nature at a leisurely pace. ### Regions at a Glance ### Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches #### Hiking & Biking The Peak District National Park, along with Cannock Chase, the Shropshire Hills, the Roaches, the Malvern Hills, Offa's Dyke Path, the Tissington Trail and the Pennine Cycleway, make this region great for hiking and biking. #### Chatsworth Grand houses like Haddon Hall, Burghley House and especially Chatsworth promise sprawling deer-filled grounds and grand interiors full of priceless heirlooms and walls dripping with oil paintings. #### Curry Capital Foodies take note: Birmingham is the curry capital of the country (and, increasingly, a magnet for Michelin-starred chefs), while the tiny town of Ludlow is an epicentre of gastronomic exploration. ### Regions at a Glance ### Yorkshire #### Hiking & Biking With rolling hills, scenic valleys and high moors and a cliff-lined coast all protected by national parks, Yorkshire is a natural adventure playground for hiking, biking, surfing and rock climbing. #### Real Ale Lush pasture means Yorkshire beef and lamb is sought after, while the famous breweries of Masham turn out excellent real ales, always best sampled in one of Yorkshire's equally excellent traditional pubs. #### Ancient Abbeys From York's Viking heritage and the ancient abbeys of Rievaulx, Fountains and Whitby, to the in­dustrial archaeology of Leeds, Bradford and Sheffield, you can follow several of Britain's most important historical narratives in Yorkshire. ### Regions at a Glance ### Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England #### Historical Museums The northwest's collection of heritage sites, from the wonderful People's History Museum in Manchester to the International Slavery Museum in Liverpool, is testament to the region's rich history and its ability to keep it alive. #### Football Two cities, Liverpool and Manchester, give the world four famous clubs, including the two most successful in English history. The National Football Museum in Manchester is just another reason for fans to visit this region. #### Blackpool The epitome of the classic English seaside resort just keeps on going, thanks to the rides of the Pleasure Beach amusement park, where adrenalin junkies can always find a fix. ### Regions at a Glance ### The Lake District & Cumbria #### Lakes & Mountains The Lake District National Park is the most mountainous part of England, home to Scafell (England's highest summit) and countless scenic lakes. Some are big and famous – Windermere, Coniston, Ullswater – while others are small, hidden and little known. #### Walking If anywhere is the heart and soul of walking in England, it's the Lake District. Casual strollers find gentle routes through foothills and valleys, while serious hikers tackle high peaks and fells. #### William Wordsworth The beauty of the Lake District famously moved William Wordsworth to write his ode to 'a host of golden daffodils', and Wordsworth landmarks such as Dove Cottage and Hawkshead Grammar School are among the region's big draws. ### Regions at a Glance ### Newcastle & Northeast England #### Hadrian's Wall One of the world's premier Roman sites, this potent symbol of imperial power strides for over 70 miles across the neck of England, from Tyneside to the Solway Firth. You can travel its length, stopping off at forts along the way. #### Northumberland National Park If it's widescreen vistas you're after, the broad moors, stone villages and expansive views of England's most northerly national park never fail to please. #### Alnwick Castle Northumberland is dotted with some of Britain's finest castles, including the coastal fortresses of Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh, but Alnwick – setting for the Harry Potter movies – is the most famous. ### Regions at a Glance ### Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales #### Victorian Revival From the whimsical, fairy-tale structures of Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch to the elegant shopping arcades of the city centre, the Welsh capital has plenty to keep fans of Victorian architecture interested. #### Pembrokeshire & The Gower South Wales boasts two of Britain's most beautiful stretches of coast – the Gower Peninsula and Pembrokeshire – between them offering clifftop walks, family-friendly beaches, surfing hot spots and watery adventures such as sea-kayaking and coasteering. #### Carreg Cennen South Wales has some of the country's best castles, including Chepstow and Pembroke, but remote Carreg Cennen, in the heart of the Brecon Beacons, is the most spectacularly positioned of them all. ### Regions at a Glance ### Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales #### Red Kites In the mountains and moors of the Brecon Beacons and many other parts of the region you can spot birds of prey – most famously the once-rare red kites, most easily spotted at feeding stations such as Gigrin Farm in Rhyader. #### Market Towns From book-obsessed Hay-on-Wye to quirky Llanwrtyd Wells and quaint Llandrindod Wells, the market towns of Mid-Wales are full of charm. #### Abergavenny Restaurants, inns and gastropubs throughout the region are at the forefront of a new Welsh gastronomy, all focused on the nation's foodie capital at Abergavenny. ### Regions at a Glance ### Snowdonia & North Wales #### Snowdon Home to some of Britain's finest mountain scenery outside of the Scottish Highlands – and for most visitors much more accessible – the imposing peaks of Snowdon and its neighbours provide a scenic backdrop for innumerable outdoor pursuits. #### Welsh Slate Welsh slate once roofed much of the world and the region's quarries and caverns bear witness to the lives of generations of workers, while rejuvenated railways now shunt tourists through spectacular terrain. #### Seaside Resorts From the North Coast's popular resort towns to the surf spots and quiet bays of Anglesey and the Llŷn Peninsula, North Wales has plenty of beach to go round. ### Regions at a Glance ### Edinburgh #### Festival City Dubbed the Athens of the North, the Scottish capital is a city of art and literature, home to the world's biggest arts festival. Outside festival time, there's plenty to enjoy in the city's many theatres and world-class art galleries and museums. #### Edinburgh Castle Perched on a brooding black crag overlooking the city centre, Edinburgh Castle has played a pivotal role in Scottish history, the focus of the nation's capital city since medieval times. #### Eating Out Edinburgh has more restaurants per head of population than any city in the UK, while Scottish cuisine has been given a makeover by inventive chefs using top-quality local produce. ### Regions at a Glance ### Glasgow & Southern Scotland #### Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum Glasgow's mercantile and industrial history has left the city with a wonderful legacy of museums and art galleries, dominated by the grand Victorian cathedral of culture that is Kelvingrove. #### The Great Abbeys Rolling countryside and ruined abbeys are the big draws along the country's southern border, where you'll find the Gothic ruins of Melrose, Jedburgh and Dryburgh abbeys. #### Dumfries House This region is rich in Adam-designed mansions such as Culzean Castle and Floors Castle, but the almost perfectly preserved Chippendale time-capsule Dumfries House takes top place. ### Regions at a Glance ### Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland #### Stirling Castle Central and Northeast Scotland are home to the greatest concentration of castles in the country, from the turreted exuberance of Craigievar to the more restrained elegance of Balmoral, and topped by the regal splendour of Stirling. #### Island-Hopping Island-hopping is a great way to explore Scotland's western seaboard, and the islands of this region – wild Jura, scenic Mull and the jewel of Iona – provide a brilliant introduction. #### Speyside Distilleries No trip to Scotland is complete without a visit to a whisky distillery – the Speyside region and the isle of Islay are epicentres of the industry. ### Regions at a Glance ### Central & Northern Highlands & Islands #### Hill Walking Between them, the Cairngorm resort of Aviemore, gateway to snow sports in winter and wild hill-walking in summer, and Fort William, self-styled Outdoor Capital of the UK, offer enough adventure to keep you busy for a year. #### Mountain Landscapes Landscape photo­graphers are spoilt for choice, with classic views ranging from the mountain beauty of Glen Coe and the snow-patched summits of the Cairngorms to the rock pinnacles of the Cuillin Hills. #### Prehistoric Sites The region is rich in prehistoric remains, including the standing stones of Callanish, the neolithic tomb of Maes Howe, and Skara Brae – Europe's best-preserved prehistoric village. # England #### London #### Canterbury & Southeast England #### Oxford, Cotswolds & Around #### Bath & Southwest England #### Cambridge & East Anglia #### Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches #### Yorkshire #### Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England #### The Lake District & Cumbria #### Newcastle & Northeast England # England ## England Highlights 1 Spending more time than you'd planned in England's (and Britain's) endlessly entertaining capital, **London** 2 Being a Jane Austen character for a day in elegant **Bath** 3 Wandering lonely as a cloud in the idyllic **Lake District** 4 Exploring medieval walls, Viking sights and the soaring Gothic minster in historic **York** 5 Falling in love with the impossibly quaint villages of the **Cotswolds** 6 Getting some higher education among the dreaming spires of **Oxford** 7 Punting along the river in **Cambridge** 8 Seeing wild scenery and ancient engineering at **Hadrian's Wall** 9 Catching a Shakespeare play or visiting the Bard's grave in **Stratford-upon-Avon** a Marvelling at one of Europe's greatest cathedrals in **Canterbury** Dawn sunshine in English countrysideTONY EVELING / GETTY IMAGES © # London #### London Highlights #### History #### Sights #### City Walk #### City Walk #### Tours #### Festivals & Events #### Sleeping #### Eating #### Drinking & Nightlife #### Entertainment #### Shopping #### Information # London %020 / Pop 8.3 million / Area 609 sq miles ### Why Go? Everyone comes to London with preconceptions shaped by a multitude of books, movies, TV shows and songs. Whatever yours are, prepare to have them exploded by this endlessly fascinating, amorphous city. You could spend a lifetime exploring it and still find that the slippery thing's gone and changed on you. One thing though is constant: that great serpent of a river enfolding the city in its sinuous loops, linking London both to the green heart of England and the world. From Roman times people from around the globe have come to London, put down roots and complained about the weather. This is one of the world's most multicultural cities – any given street yields a rich harvest of languages, and those narrow streets are also steeped in fascinating history, magnificent art, imposing architecture and popular culture. When you add an endless reserve of cool to this mix, it's hard not to conclude that London is one of the world's great cities, if not the greatest. ### When to Go ALondon is a place that you can visit any time of the year. That said, different months and seasons boast different charms. ASpring in the city sees daffodils in bloom and blossom in the trees. AIn June the parks are filled with people, there's Trooping the Colour, summer arts festivals, Field Day in Victoria Park, other music events, gay pride and Wimbledon. AAlthough the days are getting shorter, Autumn in London is alive with festivals celebrating literature, the arts and culture. ALondon in December is all about Christmas lights on Oxford and Regent Sts, and perhaps a whisper of snow. ### Best Places to Eat ADinner by Heston Blumenthal AFive Fields AKoya ABrasserie Zédel ALedbury ### Best Places to Stay AHaymarket Hotel AZetter Hotel AHoxton Hotel ACitizen M AGoring ## London Highlights 1 Watching the world pass by on a sunny day in Regent's Park or any of London's other green oases 2 Sifting through the booty of an empire at the British Museum 3 Losing your head in history at the Tower of London 4 Sizing up the awe-inspiring architecture of Westminster Abbey 5 Raising a glass while overlooking the Thames from the Dove or another riverside London pub 6 Seeing the locals through beer goggles on a Hoxton bar hop 7 Reaching for the heavens at the top of the dome of St Paul's Cathedral 8 Embarking on an eye-opening tour of modern and contemporary art at the Tate Modern 9 Revelling in the astounding stonework and displays at the Natural History Museum a Getting your drama fix at Shakespeare's Globe or any of London's outstanding theatres History London first came into being as a Celtic village near a ford across the River Thames, but the city only really took off after the Roman conquest in AD 43. The invaders enclosed their 'Londinium' in walls that still find refrain in the shape of the City (with a capital 'C') of London today. By the end of the 3rd century AD, Londinium was home to some 30,000 people. Internal strife and relentless barbarian attacks wore the Romans down, however, and they abandoned Britain in the 5th century, reducing the settlement to a sparsely populated backwater. The Saxons moved in next, their 'Lundenwic' prospering and becoming a large, well-organised town. As the city grew in importance, it caught the eye of Danish Vikings, who launched numerous invasions. In 1016 the Saxons, finally beaten down, were forced to accept the Danish leader Knut (Canute) as King of England, after which London replaced Winchester as capital. In 1042, the throne reverted to the Saxon Edward the Confessor, who built Westminster Abbey. The Norman Conquest of 1066 saw William the Conqueror march into London, where he was crowned king. He built the White Tower (the core of the Tower of London), negotiated taxes with the merchants, and affirmed the city's right to self-government. From then until the late 15th century, London politics were largely taken up by a three-way power struggle between the monarchy, the church and city guilds. An uneasy political compromise was reached between the factions, and the city expanded rapidly in the 16th century under the House of Tudor. In a rerun of the disease that wiped out half of London's population between 1348 and 1350, the Great Plague struck in 1665, and by the time the winter cold arrested the epidemic, 100,000 Londoners had perished. The cataclysm was followed by further devastation when the Great Fire of 1666 sent the city skywards. One upshot of the conflagration was a blank canvas for master architect Sir Christopher Wren to build his magnificent churches. Despite these setbacks, London continued to grow, and by 1700 it was Europe's largest city, with 600,000 people. An influx of foreign workers brought expansion to the east and south, while those who could afford it headed to the more salubrious environs of the north and west. Georgian London saw a surge in artistic creativity, with the likes of Dr Johnson, Handel, Gainsborough and Reynolds enriching the city's culture, while architects fashioned an elegant new metropolis. In 1837, 18-year-old Victoria began her epic reign (to 1901), as London became the fulcrum of the massive British Empire. The Industrial Revolution saw the building of new docks and railways (including the first underground line in 1863), while the Great Exhibition of 1851 showcased London to the world. During the Victorian era, the city's population mushroomed from just over two million to 6.6 million. Although London suffered a relatively minor bruising during WWI, it was devastated by the Luftwaffe in WWII, when huge swathes of the centre and East End were flattened and 32,000 people were killed. Ugly housing and low-cost developments followed, and pollutants – both residential and industrial – rose steadily into the air. On 6 December 1952, the Great Smog (a lethal combination of fog, smoke and pollution) descended, killing some 4000 people. Prosperity gradually returned to the city, and creative energy bottled up in the postwar years was suddenly unleashed. In the 'Swinging Sixties', London became the capital of cool in fashion and music – a party followed morosely by the austere 1970s. Since then the city has surfed up and down the waves of global fortunes, hanging on to its position as the world's leading financial centre. In 2000, the modern metropolis won its first mayor of London, an elected role covering the City and all 32 urban boroughs. Bicycle-riding Boris Johnson, a Tory (Conservative) with a shock of blond hair and an affable persona, was elected in 2008, and retained his post in the subsequent 2012 mayoral election. Triggered by the shooting of a man by police in Tottenham in August 2011, numerous London boroughs were rocked by riots characterised by looting and arson. Analysts still debate the causes of the disorder, ascribing any number of factors from single-parent families to gang culture, unemployment and criminal opportunism. Both the Olympics and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee concocted a splendid display of pageantry for London in 2012. New overground train lines opened, a cable car was flung across the Thames and a once rundown and polluted area of East London was regenerated for the Olympic Park. The games themselves were a universally applauded success, kicked off by a stupendous Opening Ceremony orchestrated by Danny Boyle. 1Sights The city's main geographical feature is the murky Thames, which snakes around, but roughly divides the city into north and south. The old City of London is the capital's financial district, covering roughly a square mile bordered by the river and the many gates of the ancient (long-gone) city walls: Newgate, Moorgate etc. The areas east of the City are collectively known as the East End. The West End, on the City's other flank, is effectively the centre of London gravity. It actually falls within the City of Westminster, one of London's 32 boroughs and long the centre of government and royalty. Surrounding these central areas are dozens of former villages (Camden Town, Islington, Clapham etc), each with its own High St, long ago swallowed by London's sprawl. When the sun shines make like a Londoner and head to the parks. #### Westminster & St James's Purposefully positioned outside the old City (London's fiercely independent burghers preferred to keep the monarch and parliament at arm's length), Westminster has been the centre of the nation's political power for nearly a millennium. The area's many landmarks combine to form an awesome display of authority, pomp and gravitas. St James's is an aristocratic enclave of palaces, famous hotels, historic shops and elegant edifices, with some 150 historically noteworthy buildings in its 36 hectares. Westminster & St James's 1Top Sights 1Big BenG3 2Buckingham PalaceC2 3Houses of ParliamentG3 4Westminster AbbeyF3 1Sights 5Apsley HouseA2 6Banqueting HouseG1 7Changing of the GuardC3 8Churchill War RoomsF2 9Green ParkC1 10Institute of Contemporary ArtsF1 11No 10 Downing StreetF2 12Queen's GalleryC3 13Royal MewsC3 14Spencer HouseD1 15St James's PalaceD1 16St Margaret's ChurchF3 17St Stephen's EntranceG3 18Supreme CourtF3 19Wellington ArchB2 20Westminster CathedralD4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 21City CruisesG2 22Westminster Passenger Services AssociationG2 4Sleeping 23GoringC4 24Halkin by ComoA3 5Eating CellariumF3 6Drinking & Nightlife 25Galvin at WindowsB1 oWestminster AbbeyCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7222 5152; www.westminster-abbey.org; 20 Dean's Yard, SW1; adult/child £18/8, verger tours £3; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon, Tue, Thu & Fri, to 7pm Wed, to 2.30pm Sat; tWestminster) One of London's most imposing treasures, Westminster Abbey serves up the country's venerable history on cold slabs of stone. For centuries, the nation's greatest have been interred here, including most of the monarchs from Henry III (died 1272) to George II (1760). Every sovereign since William the Conqueror has been crowned here, with the exception of a couple of unlucky Eds who were murdered (Edward V) or abdicated (Edward VIII) before the magic moment. The abbey is not only a sublime place of worship, it's etched with enough history and architectural detail to fill several days' exploration. It has never been a cathedral (the seat of a bishop). It's what is called a 'royal peculiar' and is administered directly by the Crown. Look out for the curiously underwhelming **Coronation Chair**. The building itself is an arresting spectacle. Though a mixture of architectural styles, it is considered the finest example of Early English Gothic in existence. The original church was built in the 11th century by King (later Saint) Edward the Confessor, who is buried in the chapel behind the main altar. Henry III began work on the new building in 1245 but didn't complete it; the French Gothic **nave** was finished in 1388. Henry VII's astonishing Late Perpendicular–style **Lady Chapel** was consecrated in 1519 after 16 years of construction. Apart from the royal graves, keep an eye out for the many famous commoners interred here, especially in **Poets' Corner** , where you'll find the resting places of Chaucer, Dickens, Hardy, Tennyson, Dr Johnson and Kipling, as well as memorials to other literary titans (Shakespeare, Austen, Brontë etc). Elsewhere you'll find the graves of Handel and Sir Isaac Newton. The octagonal **Chapter House** dates from the 1250s and was where the monks would meet for daily prayer before Henry VIII's suppression of the monasteries in 1536. The door on your right as you enter is the oldest in Britain, dating to around 1050 AD. Used as a treasury and 'Royal Wardrobe', the cryptlike **Pyx Chamber** dates from about 1070. The neighbouring **Abbey Museum** has as its centrepiece the death masks of generations of royalty. Parts of the Abbey complex are free to visitors. This includes the 900-year-old **College Garden** (10am-6pm Tuesday to Thursday April to September, to 4pm Tuesday to Thursday October to March) and the **Cloister** , where drinks and snacks are available at the Coffee Club. For a proper sit-down meal head for the new Cellarium ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7222 0516; www.cellariumcafe.com; Westminster Abbey, 20 Dean's Yard, SW1; mains £9.50-14.50; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 4.30pm Sat), part of the original 14th-century Benedictine monastery with stunning views of the Abbey's architectural detailing. Adjacent to the abbey is St Margaret's Church ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h9.30am-3.30pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-1.30pm Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun), the House of Commons' place of worship since 1614. There are windows commemorating churchgoers Caxton and Milton, and Sir Walter Raleigh is buried by the altar. Verger-led tours are held several times a day (except Sunday); call ahead to secure a place. Of course, admission to the Abbey is free if you wish to attend a service. On weekdays, Matins is at 7.30am, Holy Communion at 8am and 12.30pm, and Choral Evensong at 5pm. There are services throughout the day on Sunday. You can sit and savour the atmosphere, even if you're not religious. oHouses of ParliamentHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.parliament.uk; Parliament Sq, SW1; tWestminster) F Coming face to face with one of the world's most recognisable landmarks can be a surreal moment, but in the case of the Houses of Parliament, it's a revelation. Photos just don't do justice to the ornate stonework and golden filigree of Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin's neo-Gothic masterpiece (1840). Its most famous feature is its clock tower, aka Big Ben ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) (actually the 13-ton bell, named after Benjamin Hall, commissioner of works when the tower was completed in 1858). Officially called the **Palace of Westminster** , the oldest part is **Westminster Hall** (1097), one of only a few sections that survived a catastrophic fire in 1834. Its roof, added between 1394 and 1401, is the earliest known example of a hammerbeam roof and has been described as the greatest surviving achievement of medieval English carpentry. At the business end, parliament is split into two houses. The green-hued **House of Commons** is the lower house, where the 650 elected Members of Parliament sit. Traditionally the home of hereditary bluebloods, the scarlet-decorated **House of Lords** now has peers appointed through various means. Both houses debate and vote on legislation, which is then presented to the Queen for her Royal Assent (in practice, this is a formality; the last time Royal Assent was denied was 1708). At the annual State Opening of Parliament (usually in November), the Queen takes her throne in the House of Lords, having arrived in the gold-trimmed Irish State Coach from Buckingham Palace. It's well worth lining the route for a gawk at the crown jewels sparkling in the sun. When parliament is in session, visitors are admitted to the **House of Commons Visitors' Gallery**. The best time to watch a debate is during Prime Minister's Question Time at noon on Wednesday, but it's also the busiest. Enter via St Stephen's Entrance ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). The **House of Lords Visitors' Gallery** can also be accessed. On Saturdays year-round and when Parliament is in summer recess (mid-July to early September), visitors can join a 75-minute guided tour ( %0844 847 1672; www.ticketmaster.co.uk/housesofparliament; 75min tour adult/child £16.50/7) of both chambers, Westminster Hall and other historic buildings conducted by qualified Blue Badge Tourist Guides in six languages. Tour schedules change with every recess, so check (and book) ahead. oBuckingham PalacePALACE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7766 7300; www.royalcollection.org.uk; Buckingham Palace Rd, SW1; adult/child £19.75/11.25; h9.30am-7.30pm late Jul-Aug, to 6.30pm Sep; tSt James's Park, Victoria, Green Park) Built in 1703 for the Duke of Buckingham, Buckingham Palace replaced St James's Palace as the monarch's official London residence in 1837. When she's not giving her famous wave to far-flung parts of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II divides her time between here, Windsor and Balmoral. To check if she's at home, see whether the yellow, red and blue standard is flying. Nineteen lavishly furnished **State Rooms** are open to visitors when HRH (Her Royal Highness) takes her holidays. The two-hour tour includes the **Throne Room** , with his-and-hers pink chairs initialed 'ER' and 'P'. Access is by timed tickets with admission every 15 minutes (audioguide included). Needless to say, the gardens are an absolute picture. Your ticket to Buckingham Palace is good for a return trip if bought direct from the palace ticket office (ask to have it stamped). A 'Royal Day Out' is a combined ticket including the State Rooms, Queen's Gallery and Royal Mews (adult/child £34.50/19.50). Changing of the GuardCEREMONY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Buckingham Palace Rd, Buckingham Palace, SW1; tSt James's Park, Victoria) At 11.30am daily from April to July, and on alternate days (weather permitting) from August to March, the old guard (Foot Guards of the Household Regiment) comes off duty to be replaced by the new guard on the forecourt of Buckingham Palace. Highly popular, the show lasts about forty minutes (brace for crowds). If you're here in November, the procession leaving the palace for the State Opening of Parliament is much more impressive. Queen's GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalcollection.org.uk; Southern wing, Buckingham Palace, Buckingham Gate, SW1; adult/child £9.50/4.80, with Royal Mews £16.25/9.10; h10am-5.30pm; tSt James's Park, Victoria, Green Park) Originally designed by John Nash as a conservatory, the Queen's Gallery showcases some of the palace's treasures on a rotating basis, through temporary exhibitions. Entrance to the gallery is through Buckingham Gate. Royal MewsHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalcollection.org.uk; Buckingham Palace Rd, SW1; adult/child £8/5, with Queen's Gallery £16.25/9.10; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Mon-Sat Nov & Dec; tVictoria) Indulge your Cinderella fantasies while inspecting the exquisite state coaches in the Royal Mews, a working stable looking after the immaculately groomed horses and opulent vehicles the royals use for getting from A to B. Highlights include the magnificent gold coach of 1762 and the 1910 Glass Coach (Prince William and Catherine Middleton actually used the 1902 State Landau for their wedding in 2011). Supreme CourtLANDMARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.supremecourt.gov.uk; Parliament Sq, SW1; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri; tWestminster) F The Supreme Court, the highest court in the UK, is now housed in the neo-Gothic Middlesex Guildhall (1913) on Parliament Square. Members of the public can observe cases when the court is sitting four days a week (Monday to Thursday). On the lower ground floor is a permanent exhibition on the UK's highest court as well as the history of the building. St James's Park & Palace PARK ( tSt James's Park, Green Park) With its manicured flower beds and ornamental lake, St James's Park is delightful for strolling and taking in the surrounding palaces. The striking Tudor gatehouse of St James's Palace ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royal.gov.uk; Cleveland Row, SW1; tGreen Park), initiated by the palace-mad Henry VIII in 1530, is best approached from St James's St, to the north of the park. This was the residence of Prince Charles and his sons before they shifted next door to **Clarence House** (1828), following the death of its previous occupant, the Queen Mother. Green ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalparks.gov.uk; h24hr; tGreen Park) Green Park's 47-acre expanse of meadows and mature trees links St James's Park to Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, forming a green corridor from Westminster all the way to Kensington. Once a duelling ground, the park became a vegetable garden during WWII. Although it doesn't have lakes, fountains or formal gardens, it's blanketed with daffodils in spring and semi-naked bodies whenever the sun shines. Westminster CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.westminstercathedral.org.uk; Victoria St, SW1; tower adult/child £5/2.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; tVictoria) Begun in 1895, this neo-Byzantine cathedral remains a work in progress, with new areas completed as funds allow. Look out for Eric Gill's highly regarded stone **Stations of the Cross** (1918).The **Treasures of the Cathedral** exhibition is rewarding, there's a cafe near the Baptistry and topping it all, the distinctive 83m red-brick and white-stone **tower** offers tantalising views of London and, unlike St Paul's dome, you can take the lift. The **Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament** and other parts of the interior are ablaze with Eastern Roman mosaics and ornamented with 100 types of marble; other areas are just bare brick. Banqueting HousePALACE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hrp.org.uk/banquetinghouse; Whitehall, SW1; adult/child £6.60/free; h10am-5pm; tWestminster) Beautiful Banqueting House was conceived by Inigo Jones for James I in 1622. It's the only surviving part of Whitehall Palace after the Tudor bit went heavenwards in a 1698 conflagration. The chief attraction is the ceiling, painted by Rubens in 1635 at the behest of Charles I. The king didn't get to savour it for long, in 1649 he was frogmarched out of the 1st-floor balcony to lose his head for treason. No 10 Downing StreetHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.number10.gov.uk; 10 Downing St, SW1; tWestminster) It's fittingly British that the official seat of the prime minister is a nondescript Georgian town house in Whitehall. The street was cordoned off with a rather large iron gate during Margaret Thatcher's tenure, so you can't get up close. Churchill War RoomsMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.iwm.org.uk; Clive Steps, King Charles St, SW1; adult/child £17.50/free; h9.30am-6pm, last entry 5pm; tWestminster) Winston Churchill coordinated the Allied resistance against Nazi Germany on a Bakelite telephone from this underground military HQ during WWII. The Cabinet War Rooms remain much as they were when the lights were flicked off in 1945, capturing the drama and dogged spirit of the time, while the museum affords intriguing insights into the resolute, cigar-smoking wartime leader. Institute of Contemporary ArtsARTS CENTRE (ICA; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7930 9493; www.ica.org.uk; Nash House, The Mall, SW1; h11am-11pm Tue-Sun, exhibition times vary; tCharing Cross) F A one-stop contemporary-art bonanza, the excitingly cerebral program at the ICA embraces film, photography, theatre, installations, talks, performance art, DJs, digital art and book readings. Stroll around the galleries, watch a film, browse the left-field bookshop, then hit the bar for a beer. Spencer HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7514 1958; www.spencerhouse.co.uk; 27 St James's Pl, SW1; adult/child £12/10; h10.30am-5.45pm Sun Feb-Jul & Sep-Dec; tGreen Park) The ancestral home of Princess Diana's family, Spencer House was built in the Palladian style between 1756 and 1766. It was converted into offices after the Spencers moved out in 1927, but 60 years later an £18 million restoration returned it to its former glory. Visits are by guided tour. Apsley HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; 149 Piccadilly, Hyde Park Cnr, W1; adult/child £6.90/4.10, with Wellington Arch £8.90/5.30; h11am-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Oct, to 4pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar; tHyde Park Corner) This stunning house, containing exhibits devoted to the Duke of Wellington, was designed by Robert Adam for Baron Apsley in the late 18th century. It was later sold to the first Duke of Wellington, who cut Napoleon down to size in the Battle of Waterloo and lived here for 35 years until his death in 1852. With 10 of its rooms open to visitors, the house has a stairwell dominated by Antonio Canova's staggering 3.4m-high statue of a fig-leafed Napoleon with titanic shoulders. Don't miss the elaborate Portuguese silver service or the impressive Egyptian service, a divorce present from Napoleon to Josephine (she declined it). Wellington ArchMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Hyde Park Corner, W1; adult/child £4.20/2.50, with Apsley House £8.90/5.30; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Oct, to 4pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar; tHyde Park Corner) Throttled by the Hyde Park Corner roundabout, this is London's answer to the Arc de Triomphe (except this one commemorates France's _defeat_ at the hands of the Duke of Wellington). Erected in 1826, the monument is topped with Europe's largest bronze sculpture: _Peace Descending on the Quadriga of War_ (1912). Until the 1960s, it housed the capital's smallest police station (complete with pet moggy). The open-air balconies afford unforgettable views of Hyde Park, Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament. On the inside is an exhibition on the history of the arch and the newly opened **Quadriga Gallery**. ### LONDON IN... ### TWO DAYS Only two days? Start in Trafalgar Sq and see at least the outside of all the big-ticket sights – **London Eye** , **Houses of Parliament** , **Westminster Abbey** , **St James's Park and Palace** , **Buckingham Palace** , **Green Park** , **Hyde Park** and **Kensington Gardens and Palace** – and then motor around the **Tate Modern** until you get booted out. In the evening, explore **Soho**. On day two, race around the **British Museum** , then head to the **City**. Start with our walking tour and finish in the **Tower of London**. In the evening, head to **Clerkenwell** for international eats, then **Hoxton** and **Shoreditch** for hip bars. ### FOUR DAYS Take the two-day itinerary but stretch it to a comfortable pace, spending extra time in the Tate Modern, British Museum and Tower of London. Stop at the **National Gallery** while you're in Trafalgar Sq and explore inside Westminster Abbey and **St Paul's Cathedral**. On your extra evenings, check out **Camden** and **Islington** or enjoy a no-expenses-spared dinner in **Kensington** or **Knightsbridge**. ### ONE WEEK As above, but slap on a day each for **Greenwich** , **Kew Gardens** and **Hampton Court Palace**. #### West End A strident mix of culture and consumerism, but more a concept than a fixed geographical area, the West End is synonymous with roof-raising musicals, bright lights, outstanding restaurants and bag-laden shoppers. It casts its net around Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Sq to the south, Regent St to the west, Oxford St to the north, Covent Garden to the east and the Strand to the southeast. Named after the elaborate collars (picadils) that were the sartorial staple of a 17th-century tailor who lived nearby, Piccadilly became the fashionable haunt of the well-heeled (and collared), and still boasts establishment icons such as the Ritz hotel and the Fortnum & Mason department store. It meets Regent St, Shaftesbury Ave and Haymarket at the neon-lit swirl of Piccadilly Circus, home to the ever-popular and ever-misnamed Eros statue. Mayfair, west of Piccadilly Circus, hogs all of the most expensive streets from the Monopoly board, including Park Lane and Bond St, which should give you an idea of what to expect: lots of pricey shops, Michelin-starred restaurants, society hotels and gentlemen's clubs. The elegant bow of Regent St and frantic Oxford St are the city's main shopping strips. At the heart of the West End lies Soho, a boho grid of narrow streets and squares hiding gay bars, strip clubs, cafes and advertising agencies. Carnaby St was the epicentre of the swinging London of the 1960s, but is now largely given over to chain fashion stores. Lisle St and, in particular, Gerrard St (north of Leicester Sq) form the heart of Chinatown, a convergence of reasonably priced Asian restaurants, decorative Chinese arches and aromatic Cantonese supermarkets. Heaving with tourists and dominated by huge cinemas (with occasional star-studded premieres), neighbouring Leicester Sq ( _les_ -ter) has undergone a facelift. Described by Benjamin Disraeli in the 19th century as Europe's finest street, the Strand still boasts a few classy hotels, including the Savoy, but its lustre has dimmed. West End 1Top Sights 1National GalleryE6 2National Portrait GalleryE6 3Trafalgar SquareE6 1Sights 4Anteros (Eros) StatueC6 5British MuseumF1 6Burlington ArcadeB6 7Courtauld GalleryH5 8Covent Garden PiazzaG4 9London Transport MuseumG4 10Piccadilly CircusC5 11Royal Academy of ArtsB6 12Sir John Soane's MuseumH2 13Somerset HouseH5 14St Paul's ChurchG5 4Sleeping 15Brown's HotelA6 16Covent Garden HotelE3 17Dean Street TownhouseD4 18Haymarket HotelD6 19Hazlitt'sD3 20One AldwychH4 21Seven Dials HotelF3 22YHA London Oxford StreetB3 5Eating 5th ViewC6 23ArbutusD3 24Baozi InnE4 25Bar ShuD4 26BarrafinaF6 27BarrafinaD3 28Bocca di LupoC5 29Brasserie ZédelC5 30CanelaF3 31CevicheD4 32Fernandez & WellsC4 33Great Queen StreetG3 34Hakkasan Hanway PlaceD2 35Hawksmoor Seven DialsF4 36Hummus BrosC4 37KoyaD4 38LimaC2 39MildredsC4 40Monmouth Coffee CompanyF3 41National Dining RoomsE6 42Nordic BakeryC5 43OrchardG1 44Pitt Cue CoB4 PortraitE6 45WahacaF5 6Drinking & Nightlife 46Draft HouseC1 47Duke of WellingtonD4 48EdgeD2 49French HouseD4 50Gordon's Wine BarG6 51HeavenF6 52LABE3 53Lamb & FlagF4 54Museum TavernF1 55Newman ArmsC1 56OpiumD4 57Princess LouiseG2 58SpuntinoC4 59TerroirsF6 60VillageD4 3Entertainment 61100 ClubC2 6212 Bar ClubE3 63Comedy StoreD5 64Donmar WarehouseF3 65London ColiseumF5 66Prince CharlesE5 67Ronnie Scott'sD4 68Royal Opera HouseG4 69Soho TheatreD3 70TKTSE5 7Shopping 71Benjamin Pollock's Toy ShopG4 72Fortnum & MasonB6 73FoylesE3 74HamleysB4 75LibertyA4 76Moomin ShopG4 77Stanford'sF4 78TopshopA3 79WaterstonesC6 Piccadilly CircusSQUARE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tPiccadilly Circus) Designed in the 1820s and named after the street Piccadilly (heading west to Hyde Park Corner from the square) as it greets the grand sweep of Regent St and Shaftesbury Avenue, Piccadilly Circus is today a tumult of stop-start traffic, blinking neon advertisement panels and camera-toting out-of-towners. At the heart of the action stands the famous aluminium statue of Anteros ( MAP GOOGLE MAP Statue\)) ; Piccadilly Circus), twin brother of Eros, dedicated to the philanthropist and child-labour abolitionist Lord Shaftesbury. The statue has long been mistaken for Eros, the God of Love, and the misnomer has stuck (it's even marked on the London A-Z, and signs for 'Eros' lead from the underground). oTrafalgar SquareSQUARE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tCharing Cross) Trafalgar Sq is the public heart of London, hosting rallies, marches and feverish New Year's festivities. Londoners congregate here to celebrate anything from football victories to the ousting of political leaders. The square is one of the world's grandest public places, with a sandstone Admiral Nelson surveying his fleet from the 43.5m-high **Nelson's Column** at its heart, erected in 1843 to commemorate his 1805 victory over Napoleon off Spain's Cape Trafalgar. The square is flanked by splendid buildings: Canada House to the west, the **National Gallery** and **National Portrait Gallery** to the north, South Africa House and the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields to the east. Further south stands **Admiralty Arch** , built in honour of Queen Victoria in 1910 (and with a mysterious stone nose around seven foot up from the ground on one of the northernmost arches), and beyond that, the **Mall** (rhymes with 'shall', not 'shawl') is the ceremonial route leading to Buckingham Palace. oNational GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalgallery.org.uk; Trafalgar Sq, WC2; h10am-6pm Sat-Thu, to 9pm Fri; tCharing Cross) F Gazing grandly over Trafalgar Sq through its Corinthian columns, the National Gallery is the nation's most important repository of largely pre-modern art. Four million visitors flock annually to admire its 2300-plus Western European paintings, ranging from the 13th to the early 20th centuries. Highlights include Turner's _The Fighting_ _Temeraire,_ Botticelli's _Venus and Mars_ and van Gogh's _Sunflowers_. The medieval religious paintings in the **Sainsbury Wing** are delightful. The comprehensive audioguides (£3.50) are recommended, as are the free introductory tours. For sustenance, nothing beats the National Dining Rooms in the Sainsbury Wing. oNational Portrait GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.npg.org.uk; St Martin's Pl, WC2; h10am-6pm Sat-Wed, to 9pm Thu & Fri; tCharing Cross, Leicester Sq) F The National Portrait Gallery is like stepping into a picture book of English history. Founded in 1856, the permanent collection (around 11,000 works) kicks off with the Tudors on the 2nd floor and descends to contemporary figures (from pop stars to scientists), including Marc Quinn's _Self,_ a frozen self-portrait of the artist's head cast in blood and recreated every five years. An audiovisual guide (£3) is available. The Portrait ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7312 2490; www.npg.org.uk/visit/shop-eat-drink.php; 3rd fl, National Portrait Gallery, St Martin's Pl, WC2; mains £18.50; h11.45am-2.45pm daily & 5.30-8.15pm Thu-Sat ; tCharing Cross) restaurant pairs superb views towards Westminster with tantalising food. Royal Academy of ArtsGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalacademy.org.uk; Burlington House, Piccadilly, W1; adult/child £10/6; prices vary for exhibitions; h10am-6pm Sat-Thu, to 10pm Fri; tGreen Park) Hosting high-profile exhibitions and a small display from its permanent collection, the crafty academy made it a condition of joining its exclusive club of 80 artists for new members to donate one of their artworks. The collection embraces works from such masters as Constable, Turner and Sir Norman Foster, while the Summer Exhibition showcases contemporary art. Free tours of the John Madesjki Fine Rooms are held, and the academy has grown its exhibition space by expanding magnificently into 6 Burlington Gardens. Covent Garden PiazzaSQUARE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tCovent Garden) Hallowed turf – or cobbles – for opera fans descending on the esteemed Royal Opera House, Covent Garden is one of London's biggest tourist hot spots. London's first planned square, Covent Garden Piazza now hosts bands of tourists shopping in quaint old arcades and ringing street entertainers and buskers. On its western flank rises St Paul's Church ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.actorschurch.org; Bedford St, WC2; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, varies Sat, 9am-1pm Sun; tCovent Garden), with a lovely courtyard at the back, ideal for a picnic in the sun. London Transport MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ltmuseum.co.uk; Covent Garden Piazza, WC2; adult/child £15/free; h10am-6pm Sat-Thu, 11am-6pm Fri; tCovent Garden) Kids and adults alike can tick off all manner of vehicles here, from sedan chairs to train carriages, trams and taxis, along with original advertising posters, photos and a fab shop for tube-map boxer shorts or a pair of 'Mind the Gap' socks. Sir John Soane's MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.soane.org; 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields, WC2; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat & 6-9pm 1st Tue of month; tHolborn) F One of the most atmospheric and intriguing of London's museums, this was the remarkable home of architect and collector extraordinaire Sir John Soane (1753–1837). The house has been left largely as it was when Sir John was taken out in a box. Among his eclectic acquisitions are an Egyptian sarcophagus, dozens of Greek and Roman antiquities and the original _Rake's Progress,_ William Hogarth's set of caricatures telling the story of a late 18th-century London cad. The 2nd floor of No 13, including Soane's private apartment and model room, was being restored at the time of writing and will be open to the public for the first time in history. Tours (£10) depart at 11.30am Tuesday and Friday and at 3.30pm Wednesday and Thursday. Audioguides are free. The evening of the first Tuesday of each month, when the house is candle-lit, sees long queues. Somerset HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.somersethouse.org.uk; The Strand, WC2; hgalleries 10am-6pm, Safra Courtyard 7.30am-11pm; tCharing Cross, Embankment, Temple) The first Somerset House was built for the Duke of Somerset, brother of Jane Seymour, in 1551. For two centuries it played host to royals (Elizabeth I once lived here), foreign diplomats, wild masked balls, peace treaties, the Parliamentary army (during the Civil War) and Oliver Cromwell's wake. Having fallen into disrepair, it was pulled down in 1775 and rebuilt in 1801 to designs by William Chambers. Among other weighty organisations, it went on to house the Royal Academy of the Arts, the Society of Antiquaries, the Navy Board and, that most popular of institutions, the Inland Revenue. The tax collectors are still here, but that doesn't dissuade Londoners from attending open-air events in the grand Safra courtyard, such as films (Film4 Summer Screen) over 12 days in summer and ice skating in winter. Behind the house, there's a sunny terrace and cafe overlooking the embankment. Near the Strand entrance, the Courtauld Gallery ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.courtauld.ac.uk; Somerset House, The Strand, WC2; adult/child Tue-Sun £6/free, Mon £3/free; h10am-6pm; tCharing Cross, Embankment or Temple) displays a wealth of 14th- to 20th-century art, including a room of Rubens and works by van Gogh, Renoir and Cézanne. Downstairs, the **Embankment Galleries** are devoted to temporary exhibitions; prices and hours vary. Burlington ArcadeSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.burlington-arcade.co.uk; 51 Piccadilly, W1; h10am-9pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6.30pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; tGreen Park) The illustrious Burlington Arcade, built in 1819, is famously patrolled by the Burlington Beadles, uniformed guards who constitute one of the world's smallest private police forces. Broadcasting HouseTV LOCATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0370 901 1227; www.bbc.co.uk/showsandtours; Portland Pl, W1; adult/child £13.75/9.25; htour days & times vary; tOxford Circus) The BBC began radio broadcasting in 1932 from this splendid building north of Oxford Street, and the BBC World Service, other radio broadcasting and TV broadcasting in London recently moved in. Join frequent 1½-hour behind-the-scenes tours, peeking at studios and the state-of-the-art newsroom; check the website for details. No children under nine; pre-booking (at least the day before) essential. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### ALAN KINGSHOTT: CHIEF YEOMAN WARDER AT THE TOWER #### Make the Most of Your Visit To understand the Tower's full history, I suggest visitors take a guided tour (in English) by a Yeoman Warder. With such a vast amount of history within the walls, you should allow at least three hours to fully enjoy your experience. #### The Crown Jewels The new presentation of the Crown Jewels is a must-see with a new layout, which will help visitors easily explore our sometimes complex history and ceremonies. Just ask a member of the Jewel House staff about any item: you will be amazed at their wealth of knowledge and it will enhance your visit. #### The Ravens of the Tower We must have six ravens at the Tower at any one time by a Royal Decree put in place by Charles II. According to an old legend, should the birds leave, the Monarchy and the White Tower will crumble and fall. We tend not to provoke legends so generally we have eight birds. #### Recommended Ceremonies There are many ceremonies at the Tower of London, most of which can be viewed by visitors. However, many happen around royal events such as the Queen's Birthday and the State Opening of Parliament. Alternatively there is the Ceremony of the Keys (the locking up of the Tower of London), which takes place, as it has done for 700 years, at 9.30pm every night. (Note: attendance is free but requires that you apply by post at least two months in advance and supply a return-address envelope.) #### The City With beguiling churches, hidden gardens and atmospheric lanes stuffed between iconic corporate towers and office blocks, you could spend weeks exploring the City of London, which, for most of its history, _was_ London. Its boundaries have changed little since the Romans first founded their gated community here two millennia ago. It's only in the last 250 years that the City has gone from being the very essence of London and its main population centre to just its central business district. But what a business district it is – the 'square mile' remains at the very heart of world capitalism. Currently fewer than 10,000 people actually live here, although some 300,000 descend on it each weekday, to generate almost three-quarters of Britain's GDP before squeezing back onto the tube. On Sundays the City (capital 'C') becomes a virtual ghost town; it's nice and quiet, but come with a full stomach – most shops, eateries and pubs are closed. The City 1Top Sights 1St Paul's CathedralD3 2Tower BridgeH5 3Tower of LondonH5 1Sights 420 Fenchurch StG4 530 St Mary AxeG3 6Bank of England MuseumF3 7Dr Johnson's HouseB3 8Gray's InnA1 9GuildhallE2 10Heron TowerG2 11Inner TempleB3 12Leadenhall BuildingG3 13Middle TempleA3 14MonumentF4 15Monument to the People of LondonD3 16Museum of LondonD2 17PinnacleG3 18St Dunstan-in-the-EastG4 19Temple ChurchA3 20Tower Bridge ExhibitionH5 4Sleeping 21Andaz Liverpool StreetG2 22Hotel Indigo Tower HillH3 23London St Paul's YHAC3 24RookeryC1 5Eating 25Café BelowE3 Duck & WaffleG2 26Hummus BrosD3 Restaurant at St Paul'sD3 27St JohnC1 28Sweeting'sE3 6Drinking & Nightlife 29FabricC1 30MadisonD3 31Vertigo 42F2 32Ye Olde Cheshire CheeseB3 3Entertainment 33BarbicanE1 7Shopping 34Petticoat Lane MarketH2 oTower of LondonCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 482 7777; www.hrp.org.uk/toweroflondon; Tower Hill, EC3; adult/child £22/11, audioguide £4/3; h9am-5.30pm Tue-Sat, 10am-5.30pm Sun & Mon, to 4.30pm Nov-Feb; tTower Hill) A World Heritage Site, the Tower possesses a gruesome and compelling history. In the 1070s, William the Conqueror started work on the White Tower to replace the earlier castle. By 1285, two walls with towers and a moat encompassed it and the defences have barely been altered since. A former royal residence, treasury, mint and arsenal, it became most famous as a prison when Henry VIII moved to Whitehall Palace in 1529 and started meting out his preferred brand of punishment. The most striking building is indeed the central **White Tower** , with its solid Romanesque architecture and four turrets. Today it houses a collection from the **Royal Armouries** , including Henry VIII's commodious suit of armour. On the 2nd floor is **St John's Chapel** , dating from 1080 and therefore the oldest church in London. To the north stands **Waterloo Barracks** , which now contains the spectacular Crown Jewels, including the platinum crown of the late Queen Mother, set with the 105-carat Koh-i-Noor (Mountain of Light) diamond, and the Imperial State Crown. On the far side of the White Tower rises the **Bloody Tower** , where the 12-year-old Edward V and his little brother were held 'for their own safety' and later murdered, probably by their uncle, the future Richard III. Sir Walter Raleigh did a 13-year stretch here, when he wrote his _History of the World_. On the small green in front of the **Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula** stood Henry VIII's scaffold, where seven people, including Anne Boleyn and her cousin Catherine Howard (Henry's second and fifth wives) were beheaded. Look out for the latest in the Tower's long line of famous ravens, which legend says could cause the White Tower to collapse should they leave (their wings are clipped in case they get any ideas). To get your bearings, take the hugely entertaining free guided tour with any of the Beefeaters (Yeoman Warders). Hour-long tours leave every 30 minutes from the bridge near the main entrance; the last tour is an hour before closing. Book online for cheaper rates. oTower BridgeBRIDGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tTower Hill) London was still a thriving port in 1894 when elegant Tower Bridge was built. Designed to be raised to allow ships to pass (it still lifts around 1000 times a year), electricity has now replaced the original steam power. A lift leads up from the northern tower to the Tower Bridge Exhibition ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.towerbridge.org.uk; adult/child £8/3.40; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-5.30pm Oct-Mar; tTower Hill) 42m above the water, from where you can walk along the east and west-facing walkways. The exhibition ticket also gets you into the engine rooms below the southern tower, for the mechanical lowdown. oSt Paul's CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stpauls.co.uk; St Paul's Churchyard, EC4; adult/child £16.50/7.50; h8.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat; tSt Paul's) Dominating the City with one of the world's largest church domes (around 65,000 tons worth), St Paul's Cath­edral was designed by Christopher Wren after the Great Fire and built between 1675 and 1710. The site is ancient hallowed ground with four other cathedrals preceding Wren's masterpiece here, the first dating from 604. The dome is famed for eludling Luftwaffe incendiary bombs in December 1940, becoming an icon of dogged London resilience during the Blitz. Outside the cath­edral, to the north, the Monument to the People of London ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) is a simple and elegant memorial to the 32,000 Londoners who weren't so lucky. As part of the 300th anniversary celebrations, St Paul's underwent a £40 million renovation project that gave the church a deep clean. Inside, some 30m above the main paved area, is the first of three domes (actually a dome inside a cone inside a dome) supported by eight huge columns. The walkway around its base, 257 steps up a staircase on the western side of the southern transept, is called the **Whispering Gallery** because if you talk close to the wall, your words will carry to the opposite side 32m away. A further 119 steps brings you to the **Stone Gallery** , 152 iron steps above which is the **Golden Gallery** at the very top, which rewards you with unforgettable views of London. **The Crypt** has memorials to up to 300 military demigods, including Wellington, Kitchener and Nelson, whose body lies below the dome. But the most poignant memorial is to Wren himself. On a simple slab bearing his name, a Latin inscription translates as: 'If you seek his memorial, look about you'. Also in the crypt is a cafe and the excellent Restaurant at St Paul's ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7248 2469; www.restaurantatstpauls.co.uk; Crypt, St Paul's Cathedral, EC4; 2-/3-course lunch £21.50/25.95; hlunch noon-3pm, tea 2.30-4.30pm Mon-Sat; W; tSt Paul's). **The Oculus** in the former treasury projects four short films onto its walls (you'll need the iPad audiotour to hear the sound). If you're not up to climbing the dome, experience it here (audiovisually). Free audio tours lasting 1½ hours are available. Free 1½-hour guided tours leave the tour desk half-a-dozen times a day (10.30am,10.45am, 11.15am, 1pm, 1.30pm and 2pm); head to the desk just past the entrance to check times and book a place. Choral evensong is held most days at 5pm. Museum of LondonMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museumoflondon.org.uk; 150 London Wall, EC2; h10am-6pm; tBarbican) F This riveting museum peels back the layers of historical London for valuable perspectives on this great city. The first gallery, **London before London** , illustrates the settlements predating the Roman era. The Roman section explores the ancient roots of the modern city as we know it, while Saxon, medieval, Tudor and Stuart London are intriguingly brought to life. The museum's new £20 million **Galleries of Modern London** encompasses everything from 1666 (the devastating Great Fire of London) to the present day. While the Lord Mayor's ceremonial coach is the centrepiece, an effort has been made to create an immersive experience: you can enter reconstructions of an 18th-century debtors' prison, a Georgian pleasure garden and a Victorian street. GuildhallHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7606 3030; www.guildhall.cityoflondon.gov.uk; Gresham St, EC2; tBank) F The Guildhall has been the seat of the City's local government for eight centuries and the present building dates from the early 15th century. Visitors can see the **Great Hall** , where the city's mayor is sworn in – it's an impressive space decorated with the shields and banners of London's 12 principal livery companies, carved galleries and a beautiful oak-panelled roof. Beneath it is London's largest **medieval crypt** (visit by free guided tour only, bookings essential). The **Clockmakers' Museum** charts 500 years of horology with an intriguing collection of more than 700 clocks; the **Guildhall Art Gallery** displays around 250 artworks. Included in the art gallery admission is entry to the remains of an ancient **Roman amphitheatre**. Bank of England MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bankofengland.co.uk/museum; Bartholomew Lane, EC2; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri; tBank) F Guardian of the country's current shaky financial system, the Bank of England was established in 1694 when the government needed to raise cash to support a war with France. The centrepiece of this museum is a reconstruction of architect John Soane's original Bank Stock Office, complete with original mahogany counters. A series of rooms leading off the office are packed with exhibits ranging from silverware and coins to a 13kg gold bar you can lift up (and leave behind). MonumentTOWER ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.themonument.info; Fish Street Hill, EC3; adult/child £4/2, incl Tower Bridge Exhibition £10.50/4.70; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5.30pm Oct-Mar; tMonument) Designed by Wren to commemorate the Great Fire, the towering Monument is 60.6m high, the exact distance from its base to the bakery on Pudding Lane where the blaze began. Corkscrew your way up the 311 tight spiral steps (claustrophobes beware) for some of London's best wraparound views and twist down again to collect a certificate commemorating your climb. Dr Johnson's HouseMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.drjohnsonshouse.org; 17 Gough Sq, EC4; adult/child £4.50/1.50, audioguide £2; h11am-5.30pm Mon-Sat May-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Apr; tChancery Lane) The Georgian house where Samuel Johnson and his assistants compiled the first English dictionary (between 1748 and 1759) is full of prints and portraits of friends and intimates, including the good doctor's Jamaican servant to whom he bequeathed this grand residence. Inns of CourtHISTORIC BUILDINGS All London barristers work from within one of the four atmospheric Inns of Court, positioned between the walls of the old City and Westminster. It would take a lifetime working here to grasp all the intricacies of their arcane protocols, originating in the 13th-century. It's best just to soak up the dreamy ambience of the alleys and open spaces and consider the roll call of former members that includes Oliver Cromwell, Charles Dickens, Mahatma Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher. Lincoln's Inn ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lincolnsinn.org.uk; Lincoln's Inn Fields, Newmans Row, WC2; hgrounds 7am-7pm Mon-Fri, chapel noon-2.30pm Mon-Fri; tHolborn) still has some original 15th-century buildings. It's the oldest and most attractive of the bunch, with a 17th-century chapel and pretty landscaped gardens. Gray's Inn ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.graysinn.org.uk; Gray's Inn Rd, WC1; hgrounds 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, chapel 10am-6pm Mon-Fri; tChancery Lane) was largely rebuilt after the Luftwaffe levelled it. Middle Temple ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.middletemple.org.uk; Middle Temple Lane, EC4; hgrounds 10-11.30am & 3-4pm Mon-Fri; tTemple) and Inner Temple ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.innertemple.org.uk; King's Bench Walk, EC4; hgrounds 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, gardens 12.30-3pm Mon-Fri; tTemple) both sit between Fleet St and Victoria Embankment. The former is the best preserved, while the latter is home to the intriguing 12th-century Temple Church ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7353 8559; www.templechurch.com; adult/concession £4/2; h11am-1pm & 2-4pm Mon-Fri, hours vary), built by the Knights Templar and featuring nine stone effigies of knights in its round chapel. Check the church's website or call ahead for opening hours. St Katharine DocksHARBOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; tTower Hill) A centre of trade and commerce for 1000 years, St Katharine Docks is today a buzzing waterside area of pleasure boats, shops and eateries. It was badly damaged during WWII, but survivors include the popular **Dickens Inn** , with its original 18th-century timber framework, and **Ivory House** (built 1854), which used to store ivory, perfume and other precious goods. It's the perfect starting point for exploring Wapping and Limehouse. ### LONDON'S NEW SKYSCRAPERS A recent scramble for high-altitude, futuristic towers – given further lift by the Olympics – has shaken up the otherwise rather staid, low-lying London skyline. Most famous is the Shard, rising over London Bridge like a vast glass splinter and home to the high-altitude five-star Shangri-La hotel. The City of London's tallest building, the straight-edged Heron Tower ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 110 Bishopsgate, EC2; tAldgate or Bank) was completed just up the road from 30 St Mary Axe (Gherkin; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk; 30 St Mary Axe, EC3; tAldgate) in 2011. The top-heavy and bulging 20 Fenchurch S (Walkie Talkie; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) )t will be topped with a vast sky garden boasting magnificent views over town, while the wedge-shaped 48-storey, 225m-high Leadenhall Building (Cheese Grater; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 122 Leadenhall St, EC3) cuts into the sky just north of the Lloyd's building. Construction on the concrete stub of the radically-designed Pinnacle (Helter Skelter; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 22-24 Bishopsgate, EC2; tAldgate or Bank) – which has earned its nickname due to its cork-screwing top – was on hold at the the time of writing. #### South Bank Londoners once crossed the river to the area controlled by the licentious Bishops of Southwark for all manner of bawdy frolicking frowned upon in the City. It's a much more seemly and temperate area these days, but the frisson of theatre and entertainment survives. While South Bank only technically refers to the area of river bank between Westminster and Blackfriars Bridges (parts of which are actually on the east bank due to the way the river bends), we've used it as a convenient catch-all for those parts of Southwark and Lambeth that sit closest to the river. South Bank 1Top Sights 1Imperial War MuseumC4 2London EyeA2 3Shakespeare's GlobeD1 4Tate ModernD1 1Sights 5Hayward GalleryA2 6HMS BelfastG1 7London Bridge Experience & London TombsF1 8London DungeonA3 9London Sea Life AquariumA3 10Old Operating Theatre Museum & Herb GarretF2 11ShardF2 12Southwark CathedralE1 13White Cube BermondseyG3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 14London Bicycle TourB1 15London Duck ToursA3 4Sleeping 16Citizen MD2 17OasisE2 Shangri-La Hotel at the ShardF2 18St Christopher's InnE2 19St Christopher's VillageE2 5Eating 20M ManzeG4 21MagdalenG2 22Monmouth Coffee CompanyE2 23SkylonA2 6Drinking & Nightlife 24George InnE2 25Ministry of SoundD4 26RakeE1 3Entertainment 27BFI IMAX CinemaB2 28BFI SouthbankB1 29National TheatreB1 30Old VicB3 31Southbank CentreA2 32Young VicC2 7Shopping 33Borough MarketE2 oTate ModernMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tate.org.uk; Queen's Walk, SE1; h10am-6pm Sun-Thu, to 10pm Fri & Sat; tSouthwark, St Paul's) F One of London's biggest attractions, this outstanding modern and contemporary art gallery is housed in the creatively revamped **Bankside Power Station** south of the Millennium Bridge. A riveting synthesis of funky modern art and capacious industrial brick design, the result is an art-going tour de force. Tate Modern has also been extraordinarily successful in bringing challenging work to the masses, while a stunning extension is under construction, aiming for a 2016 completion date. The multimedia guides (£3.50) are worthwhile and there are free 45-minute guided tours of the collection's highlights (Level 3 at 11am and midday; Level 5 at 2pm and 3pm). oShakespeare's GlobeHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.shakespearesglobe.com; 21 New Globe Walk, SE1; adult/child £13.50/8; h9am-5.30pm; tLondon Bridge) Today's Londoners may flock to Amsterdam to misbehave, but back in the bard's day they'd swarm across London Bridge to Southwark. Free from the city's constraints, men could settle down to a diet of whoring, bear-baiting and heckling of actors. The most famous theatre was the Globe, where a genius playwright was penning box-office hits such as _Macbeth_ and _Hamlet_. Admission includes the exhibition hall and a guided tour of the theatre (departing every 15 to 30 minutes). The original Globe – known as the 'Wooden O' after its circular shape and roofless centre – was erected in 1599. Rival to the Rose Theatre, all was well but did not end well when the Globe burned down within two hours during a performance in 1613 (a stage cannon ignited the thatched roof). A tiled replacement fell foul of the party-pooping Puritans in 1642, who saw the theatre as the devil's workshop, and it was dismantled two years later. Its present-day incarnation – faithfully reconstructed from oak beams, handmade bricks, lime plaster and thatch – is the vision of American actor and director Sam Wanamaker, who sadly died before the opening night in 1997. From April to October plays are performed, and while Shakespeare and his contemporaries dominate, modern plays are also staged (see the website for upcoming performances). As in Elizabethan times, seatless 'groundlings' (up to 700 of them) can watch in all-weather conditions (£5; seats are £15 to £39) for the best views. There's no protection from the elements (or over-flying jetliners) and you'll have to stand, but it's an unforgettable experience. The Globe has recently added a new **Sam Wanamaker Playhouse** , an indoor Jacobean theatre, to its repertoire. Tours of the theatre shift to the nearby **Rose Theatre** instead when matinees are being staged in season. oLondon EyeVIEWPOINT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 781 3000; www.londoneye.com; adult/child £21/15; h10am-8pm; tWaterloo) This 135m-tall, slow-moving and refurbed Ferris-wheel-like attraction is the world's tallest 'cantilevered observation wheel'. Passengers ride in enclosed egg-shaped pods; the wheel takes 30 minutes to rotate completely, offering 25-mile views on clear days. Drawing 3.5 million visitors annually, at peak times (July, August and school holidays), it can seem like they are all in the queue with you. Save money and shorten queues by buying tickets online, or cough up an extra £10 to showcase your fast-track swagger. Alternatively, visit before 11am or after 3pm to avoid peak density. oImperial War MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.iwm.org.uk; Lambeth Rd, SE1; h10am-6pm; tLambeth North) F Reopened in July 2014 after a massive refurbishment and fronted by a pair of intimidating 15in naval guns that could lob a 1938lb shell over 16 miles, this riveting museum is housed in what was once Bethlehem Royal Hospital, known notoriously as Bedlam. As well as terrific new First World War Galleries and a stunning new Foster+Partners atrium, exhibits include Lawrence of Arabia's 1000cc motorbike, a German V-2 rocket, a doodlebug, a lifelike replica of Little Boy (the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima), a Spitfire, Harrier Jet and other classic fighter planes dangling from the ceiling, plus a WWII bomb shelter and a Holocaust exhibition. ShardNOTABLE BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-shard.com; 32 London Bridge St, SE1; adult/child £29.95/23.95; h9am-10pm; tLondon Bridge) Puncturing the skies above London, the crystalline splinter-like form of the Shard – the tallest building in Western Europe – has rapidly become a dramatic icon of town. The tower boasts the brand new, five-star Shangri-La Hotel at the Shard, restaurants and viewing platforms on floors 68, 69 and 72 – book online to save £5. Old Operating Theatre Museum & Herb GarretMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thegarret.org.uk; 9a St Thomas St, SE1; adult/child £6.50/3.50; h10.30am-5pm; tLondon Bridge) The highlight of this unique museum, 32 steps up the spiral stairway of the tower of St Thomas Church (1703), focuses on the nastiness of 19th-century hospital treatment. A fiendish array of amputation knives presages the operating theatre, where doctors operated in rough-and-ready (pre-ether, pre-chloroform, pre-antiseptic) conditions. A demonstration on Victorian speed surgery kicks off at 2pm on Saturdays and one on how drugs were made at 2pm on Sundays. Also browse the natural remedies in the herb garret, including snail water for venereal disease and bladderwrack for goitre and tuberculosis. Southwark CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7367 6700; cathedral.southwark.anglican.org; Montague Close, SE1; donations welcome; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat & Sun; tLondon Bridge) The earliest surviving chunks of this relatively small cathedral are the retrochoir at the eastern end, some ancient arcading by the southwest door, 12th-century wall cores in the north transept and an arch that dates to the original Norman church, although most of the cathedral is Victorian. In the south aisle of the nave, hunt down the green alabaster monument to William Shakespeare, next to which is a plaque to Sam Wanamaker (1919–93). Not far away hangs a splendid icon of Jesus Christ illuminated by devotional candles, and don't overlook the exceedingly fine Elizabethan sideboard in the north transept. Design MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.designmuseum.org; 28 Shad Thames, SE1; adult/child £12.40/6.20; h10am-5.45pm; c; tTower Hill) Housed in a 1930s-era warehouse, the rectangular galleries here stage a revolving program of special exhibitions devoted to contemporary design, host the annual _Brit Insurance Design Awards_ competition for design innovations, and display a permanent collection of modern British design. The museum is moving to a new site in the former Commonwealth Institute south of Kensington's Holland Park in November 2015. HMS BelfastSHIP ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.iwm.org.uk/visits/hms-belfast; Queen's Walk, SE1; adult/child £15.50/free; h10am-5pm; c; tLondon Bridge) White ensign flapping on the Thames breeze, HMS _Belfast_ is a magnet for naval-gazing kids. This large, light cruiser served in WWII, helping sink the German battleship _Scharnhorst_ and shelling the Normandy coast on D-Day. Explore the nine decks and see the engine room, gun decks, galley, chapel, punishment cells, canteen and dental surgery. The excellent audioguide takes you on a 1½-hour tour of the ship, only available until 3.30pm. London DungeonHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thedungeons.com/london; County Hall, Westminster Bridge Rd, SE1; adult/child £25.20/19.80; h10am-5pm, extended hours holidays; c; tWestminster, Waterloo) Older kids will enjoy the London Dungeon: it's all macabre free-fall hangman's drops, spooky boat rides, fake blood and actors hamming it up as gory criminals (including Jack the Ripper and Sweeney Todd), torturers and judges, plus ghastly interactive mayhem, with doses of salacious humour to boot. It recently moved from its old haunt to County Hall, by the London Eye. London Bridge Experience & London TombsHISTORIC ATTRACTION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thelondonbridgeexperience.com; 2-4 Tooley St, SE1; adult/child £23/17; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; c; tLondon Bridge) Kicking off with the relatively tame London Bridge Experience, where actors bring to life the bridge's history with the assistance of severed heads, the London Tombs turns up the terror once the education bit is out of the way. Adding to the creepiness is the knowledge that these were once plague pits and therefore actual tombs. The experience takes about 45 minutes, with the tombs an optional additional 25 minutes. Save up to 50% by buying online. London Sea Life AquariumAQUARIUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitsealife.com; Westminster Bridge Rd, SE1; adult/child £22.20/16.50; h10am-7pm; tWestminster, Waterloo) This is one of the largest aquariums in Europe, with a beautiful and educational array of aquatic (many endangered) creatures from the briny deep grouped into different zones (coral cave, rainforest, River Thames), kicking off with a shark walkway. Check the website for shark-feeding times and book online for a 10% discount. White Cube BermondseyGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.whitecube.com; 144-152 Bermondsey St, SE1; h10am-6pm Tue-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tLondon Bridge) F The new White Cube Bermondsey has ample exhibition space, designed to showcase large and ambitious installation pieces. Hayward GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.southbankcentre.co.uk; Belvedere Rd, SE1; h10am-6pm Sat-Wed, to 8pm Thu & Fri; c; tWaterloo) The 1968 Brutalist architecture is as opinion-dividing as you can get, but the popular international contemporary art shows held here constitute a further rich seam of culture in the Southbank Centre. ### TATE MODERN HIGHLIGHTS Over 50 million eager art-goers poured through Tate Modern in its first decade since opening, making it one of the most-visited of London's sights. The ambitiously run exhibition space is growing with the conversion of two underground oil tanks, while a funky 11-storey extension is slated for a 2016 opening date. Note that special exhibitions are held on levels 2 and 3. Free guided highlights tours depart at 11am, noon, 2pm and 3pm daily – no booking is required. Handy multimedia guides are also available. Don't forget that Tate Modern is open till 10pm on Friday and Saturday. The collection is in perpetual rotation so while the essential themes of the various galleries remain constant, the paintings and art works that represent each concept may vary. A major highlight of Tate Modern is the architecture. The 4.2 million bricks of the Sir Gilbert Scott–designed Bankside Power Station – generating its last watt in 1981 when rising oil prices finally switched off its turbines – were ambitiously transformed into this modern and contemporary art gallery in 2000. You can't exactly miss the cavernous 3300-sq-metre **Turbine Hall** , but try to join everyone else streaming down the ramp from Holland St to maximise its impact. Originally housing the power station's colossal turbines, the hall is the imposing venue for large-scale, temporary exhibitions from October to April. The permanent collection is grouped thematically on levels 2, 3 and 4. For the surrealist dreamscapes of Paul Delvaux, Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst and other artists, immerse yourself in **Poetry & Dream** on Level 2. On Level 3, **Transformed Visions** explores works of expressive abstraction forged in the aftermath of WWII. Focussing on the evolution of abstraction and radical art on Level 4, **Structure & Clarity** celebrates the abstract work of the interwar years, pieces that tilt towards utopian and universal themes. Also on Level 4, **Energy & Process** takes Art Povera, the revolutionary art of the 1960s, as its focus. After you have had your fill of modern art, cap your visit with a trip to the restaurant and bar on Level 7 for sublime views of St Paul's and the River Thames. A popular cafe can also be found on Level 2. ### TATE-A-TATE Tate BoatFERRY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-boat; one-way adult/child £6.50/3.25) Whisking art lovers between London's Tate galleries, the colourful Tate Boat stops en route at the London Eye. Services from Bankside Pier run from 9.57am to 4.44pm daily at 40-minute intervals (10.20am to 4.27pm from Millbank Pier). Discounts are available for Travelcard holders. #### Pimlico The origins of its name highly obscure, Pimlico is a grand part of London, bordered by the Thames but lacking a strong sense of neighbourhood, becoming prettier the further you stray from Victoria station. oTate BritainGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tate.org.uk; Millbank, SW1; h10am-6pm, to 10pm 1st Fri of month; tPimlico) F Splendidly refurbished with a stunning new staircase and a rehung collection, the more elderly and venerable of the two Tate siblings – in a riverside Portland stone edifice – celebrates paintings from 1500 to the present, with works from Blake, Hogarth, Gainsborough, Barbara Hepworth, Whistler, Constable and Turner – in particular – whose light-infused visions dominate the **Clore Gallery**. It doesn't stop there and vibrant modern and contemporary art finds expression in pieces from Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon and Tracey Emin. The controversial **Turner Prize** (inviting annual protests outside the gallery) is held here every year between October and January, while a fantastic cafe with an excellent terrace facing the river provides sustenance and views. Free one-hour thematic **tours** are held daily at 11am, noon, 2pm and 3pm, and don't overlook the Late at Tate night (first Friday of the month), when doors are open to 10pm. #### Chelsea & Kensington Known as the royal borough, Chelsea and Kensington lays claim to the highest income earners in the UK. Kensington High St has a lively mix of chains and boutiques, while even the charity shops along King's Rd resemble fashion outlets. Some of London's most beautiful and fascinating museums, clustered together in South Kensington, are must-sees come rain or shine. Knightsbridge, South Kensington & Chelsea 1Top Sights 1Natural History MuseumB5 2Science MuseumB5 3Victoria & Albert MuseumC5 1Sights 4Albert MemorialB4 5Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial FountainC3 6Hyde ParkD2 7King's RoadD7 8Royal Hospital ChelseaF8 9Saatchi GalleryE7 10Serpentine GalleryB3 11Serpentine LakeD3 12Serpentine Sackler GalleryC2 13Speakers' CornerE1 4Sleeping 14Ampersand HotelB6 15B+B BelgraviaG6 16GoreB4 17Levin HotelE4 18Lime Tree HotelG6 19MeiningerB5 20Number SixteenB6 5Eating 21Dinner by Heston BlumenthalE4 22Five FieldsE7 23Gordon RamsayE8 24OttolenghiE4 25ZumaD4 6Drinking & Nightlife 26Queen's ArmsA4 3Entertainment 27Royal Albert HallB4 28Royal Court TheatreF6 7Shopping 29HarrodsD4 30Harvey NicholsE4 31John Sandoe BooksE7 oVictoria & Albert MuseumMUSEUM (V&A; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.vam.ac.uk; Cromwell Rd, SW7; h10am-5.45pm Sat-Thu, to 10pm Fri; tSouth Kensington) F This outstanding museum boasts an unparalleled collection of decorative art and design with some 4.5 million objects from Britain and around the globe. The museum setting and gorgeous architecture is as inspiring as the sheer diversity and rarity of its exhibits. Part of Prince Albert's legacy to Londoners in the wake of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the museum is a bit like the nation's attic, spread generously through nearly 150 galleries. The museum is epic, but it's open late on Friday evenings, for smaller crowds. For food and drink, make for the **V &A Café** in the magnificent Refreshment Rooms, dating from the 1860s, or the **Garden Café** in the John Madesjki Garden in summer. Free one-hour guided tours leave the main reception area four times daily. oNatural History MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nhm.ac.uk; Cromwell Rd, SW7; h10am-5.50pm; tSouth Kensington) F This ornate building is one of London's finest and a masterpiece: pale blue and honey-coloured stone, broken by Venetian arches decorated with all manner of carved critters. A sure-fire hit with kids of all ages, this awesome museum is crammed with fascinating discoveries, starting with the giant Diplodocus skeleton that greets you in the main hall. In the **dinosaur gallery** , the roaring 4m-high animatronic Tyrannosaurus Rex is a heart-thumping highlight **.** Other galleries are equally impressive. An escalator slithers up into a hollowed-out globe where **Volcanoes and Earthquakes** explores the forces that shape our planet; highlights include a plate tectonics room and the mock-up of the Kobe earthquake, a bone-rattling lesson in fault lines. The **Darwin Centre** houses a team of biologists and a staggering 20-million-plus repertoire of animal and plant specimens. Take a lift to the top of the **Cocoon** , a seven-storey egg-shaped structure encased within a glass pavilion, and make your way down through the floors of interactive displays. Glass windows allow you to watch the scientists at work. Finally, don't overlook **Sensational Butterflies** by the East Lawn and the charming **Wildlife Garden** , a slice of English countryside in SW7. oScience MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sciencemuseum.org.uk; Exhibition Rd, SW7; h10am-6pm; tSouth Kensington) F With seven floors of interactive and educational exhibits, this scientifically spellbinding museum will mesmerise even the most precocious of young Einsteins. Highlights include the **Energy Hall** on the ground floor, the riveting **Flight Gallery** on the 3rd floor and the flight simulator. There's also a 450-seat **Imax cinema**. Some children head straight for voice warpers, lava lamps, boomerangs, bouncy globes and alien babies in the ground-floor shop, and stay put. If you've kids under the age of five, scoot down to the basement for the **Garden** , where there's a fun-filled play zone, including a water-play area, besieged by tots in red waterproof smocks. Hyde ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h5.30am-midnight; tMarble Arch, Hyde Park Corner, Queensway) At 145 hectares, Hyde Park is central London's largest open space. Henry VIII expropriated it from the Church in 1536, when it became a hunting ground and later a venue for duels, executions and horse racing. The 1851 Great Exhibition was held here, and during WWII the park became an enormous potato field. These days, it serves as an occasional concert venue and a full-time green space for fun and frolics. There's boating on the Serpentine ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tKnightsbridge or South Kensington), while Speakers' Corner ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Park Lane; tMarble Arch) sees oratorical acrobats on Sundays, maintaining a tradition begun in 1872 as a response to rioting. A wee bit north is Marble Arch ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tMarble Arch), designed by John Nash in 1828 as the entrance to Buckingham Palace and moved here in 1851; it once served as a police lookout. The infamous Tyburn Tree, a three-legged gallows, once stood nearby. It is estimated that up to 50,000 people were executed here between 1196 and 1783. Kensington PalacePALACE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hrp.org.uk/kensingtonpalace; Kensington Gardens, W8; adult/child £16.50/free; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb; tHigh St Kensington) Kensington Palace (1605) became the favourite royal residence under the joint reign of William and Mary and remained so until the death of George II (in 1762, George III bought Buckingham Palace for his wife, Charlotte). It still has private apartments where various members of the royal extended family live. In popular imagination it's most associated with three intriguing princesses: Victoria (who was born here in 1819 and lived here with her domineering mother until her accession to the throne), Margaret (sister of the current queen, who lived here until her death in 2002) and, of course, Diana. The palace recently underwent huge restoration work totalling £12 million. Kensington GardensGARDENS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; hdawn-dusk; tHigh St Kensington) Blending in with Hyde Park, these royal gardens are part of Kensington Palace and hence popularly associated with Princess Diana. Diana devotees can visit the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tKnightsbridge), a soothing structure fashioned from 545 pieces of Cornish granite, channeling a circular stream drawn from chalk aquifers more than 100m underground that cascades gently and flows together in a pool at the bottom; paddling is encouraged. The astonishing Albert Memorial ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tours adult/concession £6/5; htours 2pm & 3pm 1st Sun of month Mar-Dec; tKnightsbridge, Gloucester Rd) is a unique chunk of Victorian bombast, a lavish marble, mosaic and gold affair opposite the Royal Albert Hall, built to honour Queen Victoria's husband, Albert (1819–61). The gardens also house the Serpentine Gallery ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.serpentinegallery.org; h10am-6pm Tue-Sun; tLancaster Gate or Knightsbridge), one of London's edgiest contemporary art spaces; the recently opened Serpentine Sackler Gallery ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.serpentinegallery.org; West Carriage Drive; h10am-6pm Tue-Sun; tLancaster Gate) is on the far side of the Serpentine Bridge, in the former Magazine. The **Sunken Garden** , near the palace, is at its prettiest in summer, while tea in the Orangery ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-3166 6112; www.hrp.org.uk; Kensington Palace, Kensington Gardens, W8; afternoon tea £24, with champagne £34; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb; tQueensway, Notting Hill Gate, High St Kensington) is a treat any time of the year. King's RoadSTREET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; tSloane Sq) Named after King Charles II who would return to Hampton Court Palace along a farmer's track here after amorous interludes with Nell Gwyn, this street was almost synonymous with London fashion during the '60s and '70s. Its days at the counter-cultural forefront of London fashion long gone, King's Road today is more a stamping ground for the leisure-class shopping set. Saatchi GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk; Duke of York's HQ, King's Rd, SW1; h10am-6pm; tSloane Sq) F This enticing gallery hosts temporary exhibitions of experimental and thought-provoking work across a variety of media. The white and sanded bare-floorboard galleries are sharply presented, but save some wonder for Gallery 15, where Richard Wilson's _20:50_ is on permanent display. Mesmerising, impassive and ineffable, it's a riveting tour de force. A cool bookshop chips in down in the basement. Royal Hospital ChelseaHISTORIC BUILDINGS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chelsea-pensioners.co.uk; Royal Hospital Rd, SW3; hgrounds 10am-noon & 2-4pm Mon-Sat, museum 10am-noon & 2-4pm Mon-Fri; tSloane Sq) F Designed by Wren, the Royal Hospital Chelsea was built in 1692 to provide shelter for ex-servicemen. Today it houses hundreds of war veterans known as Chelsea Pensioners, charming old chaps generally regarded as national treasures. The Chelsea Flower Show takes place in the hospital grounds in May. Chelsea Physic GardenGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chelseaphysicgarden.co.uk; 66 Royal Hospital Rd, SW3; adult/child £9.90/6.60; h11am-6pm Tue-Fri & Sun Apr-Oct, to 10pm Wed Jul & Aug; tSloane Sq) This gorgeous botanical enclave was established by the Apothecaries' Society in 1676 for students working on medicinal plants and healing. One of Europe's oldest of its kind, the small grounds are a compendium of botany from carnivorous pitcher plants to rich yellow flag irises, a cork oak from Portugal, delightful ferns and a treasure trove of rare trees and shrubs. Free tours are held three times daily. Fulham PalaceHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fulhampalace.org; Bishop's Ave; hpalace & museum 12.30-4.30pm Mon-Thu, noon-5pm Sun, gardens dawn-dusk daily; tPutney Bridge) F Summer home of the bishops of London from 704 to 1975, this genteel palace near the Thames has an adorable courtyard that draws watercolourists on sunny days, a splendid cafe in the drawing room at the rear (looking out onto a magnificent lawn), a pretty walled garden and a Tudor Revival chapel. Guided tours usually take in the Great Hall, the Victorian chapel, Bishop Sherlock's Room and the museum and last about 1¼ hours. There are also garden tours (£5); check the website for details on evening walks (for a nightfall perspective). Hiking around the extensive and partially excavated palace moat (once the longest in England) is enjoyable. Films are screened on the lawn in summer, when art fairs and musical festivals are also held. #### Marylebone Not as exclusive as its southern neighbour Mayfair, hip Marylebone has one of London's most pleasant high streets and the famous, if rather disappointing, Baker St, immortalised in the hit song by Gerry Rafferty and strongly associated with Victoria-era sleuth Sherlock Holmes (there's a museum and gift shop at his fictional address, 221b). Marylebone 1Sights 1Madame TussaudsB1 2Marble ArchA5 5Eating 3La FromagerieB2 4Locanda LocatelliA4 5Providores & Tapa RoomC3 6Roti ChaiB5 6Drinking & Nightlife 7PurlB3 7Shopping 8Daunt BooksB2 9SelfridgesB5 Regent's ParkPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalparks.org.uk; h5am-dusk; tRegent's Park, Baker St) A former royal hunting ground, Regent's Park was designed by John Nash early in the 19th century, although what was actually laid out is only a fraction of the celebrated architect's grand plan. Nevertheless, it's one of London's most lovely open spaces – at once serene and lively, cosmopolitan and local – with football pitches, tennis courts, a boating lake, ZSL London Zoo, and Regent's canal along its northern side. **Queen Mary's Gardens** , towards the south of the park, are particularly pretty, with spectacular roses in summer. Open Air Theatre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 826 4242; www.openairtheatre.org) hosts performances of Shakespeare and other classics here on summer evenings, along with comedy and concerts. ZSL London ZooZOO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.londonzoo.co.uk; Outer Circle, Regent's Park, NW1; adult/child £26/18.50; h10am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb; tCamden Town) These famous zoological gardens have come a long way since being established in 1828, with massive investment making conservation, education and breeding the name of the game. Highlights include Tiger Territory, Penguin Beach, Gorilla Kingdom, Rainforest Life, Nightlife and Butterfly Paradise. Feeding sessions or talks take place during the day. Save 20% off the admission price by booking online. Regent's CanalCANAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) To flee the crowded streets and enjoy a picturesque, waterside angle on North London, take to the canals that once played such a vital role in the transport of goods across the capital. The towpath of Regent's Canal also makes an excellent shortcut across North London, either on foot or by bike. In full, the ribbon of water runs 9 miles from Limehouse to Little Venice (where it meets the Grand Union Canal), but you can make do with walking from Little Venice to Camden in under an hour, passing Regent's Park and London Zoo, as well as beautiful villas designed by architect John Nash and redevelopments of old industrial buildings. Allow 15 to 20 minutes between Camden and Regent's Park, and 25 to 30 minutes between Regent's Park and Little Venice. The London Waterbus Company and Jason's Trip run canal boats between Camden Lock and Little Venice. Madame TussaudsMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0870 400 3000; www.madame-tussauds.com/london; Marylebone Rd, NW1; adult/child £30/26; h9.30am-5.30pm; tBaker St) Tickets may cost a (wax) arm and a (wax) leg and the crowds can be as awesome as the exhibits, but the opportunity to pose beside Posh and Becks has clear-cut kudos. Most of the life-size wax figures – such as Leonardo Di Caprio – are fantastically lifelike and as close to the real thing as most of us will get, but queues for the Queen (and Barack Obama) can get leg-numbing. Honing her craft making effigies of victims of the French revolution, Tussaud brought her wares to England in 1802. Her Chamber of Horrors still survives (complete with the actual blade that took Marie Antoinette's head), but it's joined by Scream!, where actors lunge at terrified visitors in the dark. The Spirit of London ride in a black cab is tremendous fun and the 4-D Marvel film is top-drawer entertainment, the audience sprayed with air jets and mist and jabbed in the back during a spectacular action film centred on London. Try to arrive early in the morning to avoid long queues. Tickets are cheaper when ordered online; combined tickets with the London Eye, London Dungeon and London Sealife Aquarium are also available. North Central London 1Top Sights 1British LibraryC2 2Wellcome CollectionB3 1Sights 3Charles Dickens MuseumF4 4Sleeping 4Arosfa HotelB4 5Clink78F2 6GeneratorD3 7London St Pancras YHAC2 8Rough LuxeD2 9St Pancras Renaissance London HotelC2 10Zetter Hotel & TownhouseH4 5Eating Bistrot Bruno LoubetH4 11DabbousA5 12Diwana Bhel Poori HouseA3 13Hummus BrosD5 14Hummus BrosG3 15Little BayG4 16Modern PantryH4 17MoritoG3 18North Sea Fish RestaurantD3 19Prufrock CoffeeG5 6Drinking & Nightlife 20Big Chill HouseE1 21Jerusalem TavernH5 22Queen's LarderD5 3Entertainment 23Sadler's WellsH2 7Shopping 24Fortnum & MasonC2 25Harry Potter ShopD1 #### Bloomsbury & St Pancras With the University of London and British Museum within its genteel environs, it's little wonder that Bloomsbury has attracted a lot of very clever, bookish people over the years. Between the world wars, these pleasant streets were colonised by a group of artists and intellectuals known collectively as the Bloomsbury Group, which included novelists Virginia Woolf and EM Forster and the economist John Maynard Keynes. Russell Sq, its very heart, was laid out in 1800 and is one of London's largest and loveliest. The conversion of spectacular St Pancras station into the Eurostar terminal and a ritzy apartment complex is reviving the area's fortunes. oBritish MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7323 8000; www.britishmuseum.org; Great Russell St, WC1; h10am-5.30pm Sat-Thu, to 8.30pm Fri; tRussell Sq, Tottenham Court Rd) F The country's largest museum and one of the oldest and finest in the world, this monumental accumulation of treasures boasts vast Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek, Roman, European and Middle Eastern galleries, among many others. Begun in 1753 with a 'cabinet of curiosities' bequeathed by Sir Hans Sloane to the nation on his death, the collection mushroomed over the ensuing years partly through plundering the empire. The grand **Enlightenment Gallery** was the first section of the redesigned museum to be built (in 1820). Among the must-sees are the **Rosetta Stone** , the key to deciphering Egyptian hiero­glyphics, discovered in 1799; the controversial **Parthenon Sculptures** , stripped from the walls of the Parthenon in Athens by Lord Elgin (the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire), and which Greece wants returned; the stunning **Oxus Treasure** of 7th- to 4th-century-BC Persian gold; and the Anglo-Saxon **Sutton Hoo** burial relics. The **Great Court** was restored and augmented by Norman Foster in 2000 and now has a spectacular glass-and-steel roof, making it one of the most impressive architectural spaces in the capital. In the centre is the **Reading Room** , with its stunning blue-and-gold domed ceiling, where Karl Marx wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The museum is huge, so make a few focused visits if you have time, and consider the 15 free 30- to 40-minute eyeOpener tours of individual galleries per day. The museum also has excellent multimedia iPad tours (adult/child £5/3.50), offering six themed one-hour tours, and eight 35-minute children's trails. Highlights tours (adult/child £12/free) depart at 11.30am and 2pm Saturday and Sunday. The British Museum's long-awaited new extension, the **World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre** in its northwestern corner, opened in 2014, with an exhibition on the Vikings. When museum fever strikes you down, pop across the way to the lovely Museum Tavern ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 49 Great Russell St, WC1; h11am-11.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-10pm Sun; tHolborn, Tottenham Court Rd) where Karl Marx used to polish off a drink or two after a hard day's graft in the Reading Room of the British Library. oBritish LibraryLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bl.uk; 96 Euston Rd, NW1; Ritblat Gallery free, special exhibition cost varies; h9.30am-6pm Mon & Wed-Fri, to 8pm Tue, to 5pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; tKing's Cross St Pancras) For visitors, the real highlight of the British Library is a visit to the **Sir John Ritblat Gallery** , where the most precious manuscripts, spanning almost three millennia, are held. Here you'll find the _Codex Sinaiticus_ (the first complete text of the New Testament), a Gutenberg Bible (1455), the stunningly illustrated Jain sacred texts, Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks, a copy of the _Magna Carta_ (1215), explorer Captain Scott's final diary and Shakespeare's First Folio (1623). Further choice selections include the lyrics to 'A Hard Day's Night' (scribbled on the back of Julian Lennon's birthday card) plus original scores by Handel, Mozart and Beethoven. oWellcome CollectionMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wellcomecollection.org; 183 Euston Rd, NW1; h10am-6pm Tue, Wed, Fri & Sat, to 10pm Thu, 11am-6pm Sun; tEuston Sq) F Focussing on the interface of art, science and medicine, this museum – 'a free destination for the incurably curious' – is fascinating. The core of the permanent collection includes objects from around the world collected by Sir Henry Wellcome (1853–1936), a pharmacist, entrepreneur and collector who amassed more than a million objects from different civilisations. Charles Dickens MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dickensmuseum.com; 48 Doughty St, WC1; adult/child £8/4; h10am-5pm, last admission 4pm; tChancery Lane, Russell Sq) Recently refurbished, Dickens' sole surviving London residence is where his work really flourished – _The Pickwick Papers,_ _Nicholas Nickleby_ and _Oliver Twist_ were all written here. The handsome four-storey house narrowly dodged demolition and opened as a museum in 1925. #### Camden Town Once well outside the city limits, the former hamlets of North London were long ago gobbled up by the metropolis, yet they still harbour a village feel and distinct local identity. Neither as resolutely wealthy as the west (although there are highly desirable pockets) or as gritty as the east (but there's attitude), the 'Norf' is a mix of genteel terrace houses and featureless council estates, containing some of London's hippest neighbourhoods. Technicolor hairstyles, facial furniture, elaborate tattoos and alternative threads are the look of bohemian Camden Town, a vibrant neighbourhood of pubs, live-music venues, appealing boutiques and, most famously, Camden Market. #### Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields These revitalised and hip areas northeast of the City have enough sightseeing allure to keep daytime travellers occupied, but things really get going in the evening, when the late-night pubs, clubs and restaurants come into their own. Vibrant Hoxton and Shoreditch form the centre of gravity for nightlife, while Sunday is optimum for strolling leisurely through Spitalfields after a Saturday night out. Over the centuries, waves of immigrants have left their mark here, and it's a great place to come for diverse cuisine and vibrant nightlife. Dennis Severs' HouseMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7247 4013; www.dennissevershouse.co.uk; 18 Folgate St, E1; tLiverpool St) This extraordinary Georgian House is set up as if its occupants (a family of Huguenot silk weavers) had just walked out the door, with half-drunk cups of tea, lit candles and, with perhaps more detail than necessary, a full chamber pot by the bed. More than a museum, it's an opportunity to meditate on the minutiae of everyday Georgian life through silent exploration. Bookings are required for the Monday- and Wednesday-evening candlelit sessions (£14; 6pm to 9pm), but you can just show up on Sundays (£10; noon to 4pm) or selected Mondays (£7; noon to 2pm). Geffrye MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.geffrye-museum.org.uk; 136 Kingsland Rd, E2; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; tHoxton, Old St) F If you like nosing around other people's homes, you'll love this museum. Devoted to middle-class domestic interiors, these former almshouses (1714) have been converted into a series of living rooms dating from 1630 to the current Ikea generation. On top of the interiors, the back garden has been transformed into period garden 'rooms' and a lovely walled herb garden (April to October only). ### LONDON FOR CHILDREN London is terrific for kids. Many of the city's museums – among the best in the world – are free and will fascinate all ages, with bundles of activities on offer, from storytelling at the National Gallery to arts and crafts workshops at the Victoria & Albert Museum and fun sleepovers at the British Museum, Natural History Museum, Science Museum and others. Theatre, dance and music performances are perfect for older kids and teens. Playgrounds and parks are ideal for relaxation or wearing the young tykes out. On top of that, city farms (see www.london-footprints.co.uk/visitfarms.htm) and the big galleries have activities for children. Ice rinks glisten across London in winter months, at Somerset House, the Natural History Museum, the Tower of London, and Hampton Court Palace. For the Hogwarts fan club, the Making of Harry Potter (Warner Bros studio tour) is a short train trip away from Euston station. All top-range hotels offer in-house babysitting services. Prices vary enormously from hotel to hotel, so ask the concierge about hourly rates. Get a babysitter or nanny at **Greatcare** (www.greatcare.co.uk), a site that provides all manner of childcare options. Under-16s travel free on buses, under-11s travel free on the tube and under-5s go free on the trains. #### The East End & Docklands A huge area, the East End and Docklands are not rich in sights, but a dramatic new focus has emerged in the Olympic Park, while recently opened Overground lines make transport a breeze. The Docklands' Canary Wharf and Isle of Dogs are an island of tower blocks, rivalling those of the City itself. London's port was once the world's greatest, the hub of the enormous global trade of the British Empire. Since being pummelled by the unpleasant Luftwaffe in WWII, its fortunes have been topsy-turvy, but massive development of Canary Wharf replaced its crusty seadogs with battalions of dark-suited office workers. Museum of London DocklandsMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museumoflondon.org.uk/docklands; Hertsmere Rd, West India Quay, E17; h10am-6pm; dDLR West India Quay) F Housed in a heritage-listed warehouse, this museum combines artefacts and multimedia to chart the history of the city through its river and docks. There's a lot to see here, including an informative section on the slave trade. The museum faces West India Quay; head west (towards the City) from the DLR station. Queen Elizabeth Olympic ParkPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.queenelizabetholympicpark.co.uk; tStratford) From 2008, a vast swath of industrial East London was ambitiously regenerated, becoming London's Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. The 560-acre parkland was renamed the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and fully opened to public use in 2014. Complementing its iconic sporting architecture (much of which has been opened to public use) the park was thoughtfully designed with a diverse mix of wetland, woodland, meadow and other wildlife habitats as an environmentally fertile legacy for the future. The signature buildings are the sustainably-built **Olympic Stadium** , the uplifting **Aquatics Centre** (now open to swimmers of all abilities), the cutting-edge Lee Valley VeloPark ( %0845 6770 603; h9am-10pm), with cycling sessions now bookable, and the **Copper Box Arena** , an indoor venue for sports and concerts. The twisted, abstract tangle of metal overlooking everything is the ArcelorMittal Orbit ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.arcelormittalorbit.com; Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, E20; adult/child £15/7; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar; tStratford), a 115m-high observation tower that opened during the games. Panoramic views of the park can also be had from the View Tube ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theviewtube.co.uk; The Greenway; h9am-5pm; dDLR Pudding Mill Lane) on the Greenway. Right alongside the park, Westfield Stratford City is Europe's largest urban shopping mall. House MillHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.housemill.org.uk; Three Mill Lane, E3; adult/child £3/free; h11am-4pm Sun May-Oct, 1st Sun only Mar, Apr & Dec; tBromley-by-Bow) One of two remaining mills from a trio that once stood on this small island in the River Lea, House Mill (1776) operated as a sluice tidal mill, grinding grain for a nearby distillery until 1941. Tours, which run according to demand and last about 45 minutes, take visitors to all four floors of the mill. CrystalMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; One Siemens Brothers Way, Royal Victoria Docks, E16; adult/child £8/free; h10am-5pm Tue-Fri, to 7pm Sat & Sun; dDLR Royal Victoria, Emirates Royal Docks) Housed in a dramatically modern structure, this creative, highly interactive and thoroughly engaging Siemens-sponsored exhibition focuses on urban sustainability and the pressures facing the modern city, from water to energy consumption, transport needs and beyond. Engaging for both adults and youngsters, you can tie it in with the Emirates Air Line cable car journey across the river from North Greenwich. The ticket includes a complimentary return within two weeks. ### EMIRATES AIR LINE CABLE CAR Emirates Air LineCABLE CAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.emiratesairline.co.uk; adult/child single £4.40/2.30, return £8.80/4.60, with Oyster or Travelcard single £3.20/1.60, return £6.40/3.20; h7am-9pm Mon-Fri, 8am-9pm Sat, 9am-9pm Sun Apr-Sep, closes 1hr earlier Oct-Mar; dDLR Royal Victoria, tNorth Greenwich) Capable of ferrying 2400 people per hour across the Thames in either direction, the Emirates Air Line cable car staples together the Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in a five- to 10-minute journey. Designed to help regenerate both sides of the river around each embarkation point, the UK's first urban cable car system has cabins every half minute; Oyster card and Travelcard holders nab discounts for journeys, which are bike-friendly, too. Arriving at Royal Docks, you can hop on the DLR at Royal Victoria DLR station, while in Greenwich, the underground interchange is with North Greenwich Station. Open return tickets (£10) can be used any time on the same day and include entry to the Emirates Aviation Experience. #### Greenwich Greenwich ( _gren_ -itch) straddles the hemispheres and the ages, retaining its own sense of identity based on historic associations with the sea and science and an extraordinary cluster of buildings that have earned 'Maritime Greenwich' a Unesco World Heritage listing. Greenwich is easily reached on the DLR or via train from London Bridge. Thames River Services ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thamesriverservices.co.uk; adult/child single £12.25/6.10, return £16/8) has boats departing from Westminster Pier (one hour, every 40 minutes), or alternatively take the cheaper Thames Clippers (www.thamesclippers.com; adult/child £6.50/3.25) ferry. oOld Royal Naval CollegeHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldroyalnavalcollege.org; 2 Cutty Sark Gardens, SE10; h10am-5pm, grounds 8am-6pm; dDLR Cutty Sark) F Designed by Wren, the Old Royal Naval College is a magnificent example of monumental classical architecture. Parts are now used by the University of Greenwich and Trinity College of Music, but you can visit the **chapel** and the extraordinary **Painted Hall** , which took artist Sir James Thornhill 19 years to complete. The complex was built on the site of the 15th-century Palace of Placentia, the birthplace of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The Tudor connection, along with Greenwich's industrial and maritime history, is explored in the Discover Greenwich ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ornc.org; Pepys Building, King William Walk; h10am-5pm) centre. The tourist office is based here, along with a cafe/restaurant and microbrewery. Yeomen-led tours of the complex leave at 2pm daily, taking in areas not otherwise open to the public (£6, 90 minutes). oNational Maritime MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rmg.co.uk/national-maritime-museum; Romney Rd, SE10; h10am-5pm, Sammy Ofer Wing & ground fl galleries to 8pm Thu; dDLR Cutty Sark) F With its recently opened **Sammy Ofer Wing** , the National Maritime Museum houses a splendid collection of nautical paraphernalia recounting Britain's brine-soaked seafaring history. Exhibits range from **Miss Britain III** (the first boat to top 100mph on open water) from 1933, the 19m-long **golden state barge** built in 1732 for Frederick, Prince of Wales, humdingers such as **Cook's journals** and **Nelson's uniform** , complete with bullet hole, and interactive educational displays. Tours depart from the ship's propeller at noon, 1pm and 3pm. oRoyal ObservatoryHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rmg.co.uk; Greenwich Park, SE10; adult/child £7.70/3.60; h10am-5pm; dDLR Cutty Sark, dDLR Greenwich, dGreenwich) Affording sublime views of London from a hilltop position within idyllic Greenwich Park, the Royal Observatory was commisioned in 1675 by Charles II to help solve the riddle of longitude. Success was confirmed in 1884 when Greenwich was designated as the prime meridian of the world, and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) became the universal measurement of standard time. In the north of the observatory is lovely **Flamsteed House** and the **Meridian Courtyard** (where you can stand with your feet straddling the western and eastern hemispheres); admission is by ticket. The southern half contains the highly informative (and free) **Astronomy Centre** and the Peter Harrison Planetarium ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; adult/child £6.50/4.50). Queen's HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-8858 4422; www.rmg.co.uk/queens-house; Romney Rd, SE10; h10am-5pm; dGreenwich or DLR Cutty Sark) F The elegant Queen's House is a Palladian peach, designed by Inigo Jones in 1616 for the wife of Charles I. Don't miss the ceremonial **Great Hall** or the delightful helix-shaped **Tulip Staircase**. Cutty SarkSHIP ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rmg.co.uk/cuttysark; King William Walk, SE10; adult/child £13.50/7; h10am-5pm; dDLR Cutty Sark) The last of the great clipper ships to sail between China and England in the 19th century has reopened after a serious fire almost scuttled her forever. The vessel has been raised to allow visitors to view the ship from below. O2NOTABLE BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theo2.co.uk; Peninsula Sq, SE10; tNorth Greenwich) The 380m-wide circular O2 cost £750 million to build. Once _the_ definitive white elephant, it finally found a winning direction as a multipurpose venue hosting big-ticket concerts, sporting events (it was the gymnastics and basketball venue for the London Olympics) and blockbuster exhibitions. There are dozens of bars and restaurants inside. The O2 is located on the Greenwich Peninsula, just 10 minutes by bus from Greenwich itself. #### WORTH A TRIP ### ESTORICK COLLECTION OF MODERN ITALIAN ART Estorick Collection of Modern Italian ArtGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.estorickcollection.com; 39a Canonbury Sq, N1; adult/child £5/free; h11am-6pm Wed-Sat, noon-5pm Sun; tHighbury & Islington) The outstanding concentration of art in the Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art in Islington boasts one of the world's leading collections of futurist painting, from such dazzling talents as Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla and Gino Severini. Royal London Walking Tour 1Sights 1Westminster Hall 2Jewel Tower 3Westminster Abbey 4Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 5Cockpit Steps 6St James's Park 7Guards Museum 8Queen's Gallery 9Royal Mews 10Buckingham Palace 11Queen Victoria Memorial 12Spencer House 13Clarence House 14St James's Palace 15Queen's Chapel 16Statue of Queen Elizabeth II 17St James's Square 18Fortnum & Mason 19Royal Academy of Arts 20Royal Opera Arcade 21Horse Guards Parade 22Banqueting House 23Houses of Parliament ## 2City Walk Royal London Tour **Start:** Houses of Parliament **End:** Houses of Parliament **Length:** 4 miles; three to four hours From Westminster underground station, cross Bridge St to the Palace of Westminster, aka the 1Houses of Parliament. Originally built in 1097, Westminster Hall is the oldest surviving part of the original palace, much of which burned down in October 1834. Following the length of the Houses of Parliament along Abingdon St (which becomes Old Palace Yard) brings you to the 2 **Jewel Tower** , the only other still-extant chunk of the old palace, built in the 14th century for storing Edward III's royal treasures. Exit the Jewel Tower to breathtaking 3Westminster Abbey, London's West Minster (as distinct from the minster in the east – St Paul's Cathedral) and traditional venue of coronation for the English monarchy. Walking around Parliament Sq, note the 4Supreme Court, within the ornate Middlesex Guildhall, dating from 1913. Round the corner and walk west along Great George St. Turn left down Storey's Gate and then right into Old Queen St, before trotting down 5 **Cockpit Steps** , said to be haunted by a headless woman dressed in red! The steps lead down to lovely Birdcage Walk, named after the royal Aviary, which was once situated here. Cross over the road and walk into 6St James's Park to walk alongside the lake. Near the southwestern end of the park is the 7 **Guards Museum** on the far side of Birdcage Walk. Walk up Buckingham Gate to the 8Queen's Gallery and the 9Royal Mews before walking back to aBuckingham Palace and the b **Queen Victoria Memorial** , dating from 1911, with its grumpy-looking monarch staring down the Mall. Follow the ceremonial route of the Mall (rhymes with 'shall') and cross into cGreen Park to head up Queen's Walk to grand dSpencer House before retracing your steps back to the Mall and on to e **Clarence House** , residence of Prince Charles and former home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Continue east along the Mall then walk north up Marlborough Road to fSt James's Palace and the g **Queen's Chapel** opposite. Open during services only, the church interior has exquisite 17th-century fittings. Return to the Mall briefly, then take the steps up alongside a h **bronze statue** of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother with King George VI behind her. Head up Carlton Gardens and take the first left (also Carlton Gardens) and cross over the pedestrian crossing in Pall Mall to reach i **St James's Sq** , surrounded by handsome Georgian architecture. With a statue of King William III at its centre, the private gardens at the heart of the square are open from 10am to 4.30pm on weekdays. Head up Duke of York St towards the side-on form of St James's Piccadilly, designed by Christopher Wren, turn left along Jermyn St to cross Duke St St James's and walk up colonnaded Piccadilly Arcade to exit into Piccadilly. On the far side of the road is the impressive entrance of the jRoyal Academy of Arts, founded by George III in 1768, and located within Burlington House. Head back across the road to mint-green kFortnum & Mason, London's oldest grocery store and holder of many royal warrants. Walk east along Piccadilly and turn right down Church Pl, then left onto Jermyn St. Take a right at Regent St, then left onto King Charles II St and walk down l **Royal Opera Arcade** , London's oldest shopping arcade (designed by John Nash). From Pall Mall, walk along Cockspur St to pass Trafalgar Sq and head down Whitehall. Walking past the old Admiralty Building, you will reach m **Horse Guards Parade** , where the mounted troopers of the Household Cavalry change guard daily at 11am (10am Sunday) and a lite-pomp version takes place at 4pm when the dismounted guards are changed. Open daily, the Household Cavalry Museum is here as well. On the far side of Whitehall stands nBanqueting House, with its bust of Charles I on the corner above the door, while continuing south along Whitehall takes you past oNo 10 Downing Street and returns you to the p **Houses of Parliament**. #### Hampstead & Highgate These quaint and well-heeled villages, perched on hills north of London, are home to a litany of A- and B-list celebrities. Hampstead HeathPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; dGospel Oak, Hampstead Heath, tHampstead) With its 320 hectares of rolling meadows and wild woodlands, Hampstead Heath is a million miles away – approximately four, actually – from central London. A walk up **Parliament Hill** affords one of the most spectacular views of the city, and on summer days it's picnic heaven. Also bewilderingly popular are the murky brown waters of the single-sex and mixed bathing ponds. Kenwood HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Hampstead Lane, NW3; h10am-5pm; dGospel Oak, Hampstead Heath) F Kenwood House is a magnificent neoclassical mansion (1764) on the northern side of Hampstead Heath that houses a collection of paintings by English and European masters including Rembrandt, Vermeer, Turner and Gainsborough. Highgate CemeteryCEMETERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.highgatecemetery.org; Swain's Lane, N6; East Cemetery adult/child £4/free; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun; tArchway) A Gothic wonderland of shrouded urns, obelisks, broken columns, sleeping angels, classical tomb porticoes and overgrown graves, this boneyard is a sublime Victorian Valhalla. On the eastern side you can pay your respects to the graves of Karl Marx and George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), but the highlight is the overgrown **West Cemetery** , where a maze of winding paths leads to the Circle of Lebanon, rings of tombs flanking a circular path and topped with a majestic cedar of Lebanon tree. Admission to the West Cemetery is by tour only (adult/child £12/6); bookings are essential for weekday tours. Tours of the **East Cemetery** take place on Saturdays at 2pm (adult/child £8/4). From Archway station, walk up Highgate Hill until you reach Waterlow Park on the left. Go through the park; the cemetery gates are opposite the exit. #### Outside Central London oKew GardensGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kew.org; Kew Rd; adult/child £15/free; h9.30am-6.30pm Apr-Aug, earlier closing Sep-Mar; fKew Pier, dKew Bridge, tKew Gardens) In 1759 botanists began rummaging around the world for specimens they could plant in the 3-hectare plot known as the Royal Botanic Gardens. They never stopped collecting, and the gardens, which have bloomed to 120 hectares, provide the most comprehensive botanical collection on earth (including the world's largest collection of orchids). The beautiful gardens are now recognised as a Unesco World Heritage Site. No worries if you don't know your golden slipper orchid from your fengoky or your quiver tree from your alang-alang, a visit to Kew is a journey of discovery for everyone. You can easily spend a whole day wandering around, but if you're pressed for time, the Kew Explorer (adult/child £2/1) is a hop-on/hop-off road train that rolls from Victoria Gate, visiting the gardens' main sights. Highlights include the enormous early Victorian **Palm House** , a hothouse of metal and curved sheets of glass; the impressive **Princess of Wales Conservatory** ; the red-brick, 1631 Kew Palace ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hrp.org.uk/kewpalace; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep), formerly King George III's country retreat; the cele­brated **Great Pagoda** designed by William Chambers in 1762; the **Temperate House** , the world's largest ornamental glasshouse; and the fun **Rhizotron and Xstrata Treetop Walkway** , 18m up in the air. Several fabulous vistas ( **Cedar Vista** , **Syon Vista** and **Pagoda Vista** ) are channelled by trees from vantage points within Kew Gardens. The idyllic, thatched Queen Charlotte's Cottage ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h11am-4pm Sat & Sun Apr-Sep) in the southwest of the gardens was popular with 'mad' George III and his wife; the nearby carpets of bluebells are a drawcard in spring. The **Orangery** near Kew Palace contains a restaurant, cafe and shop. The gardens are easily reached by tube, but you might prefer to cruise by riverboat from the Westminster Passenger Services Association ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7930 2062; www.wpsa.co.uk; return adult/child to Kew Gardens £18/9), which runs several daily boats from April to October from Westminster Pier (90 minutes). oHampton Court PalacePALACE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace; adult/child £18.20/9.10; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar; fHampton Court Palace, dHampton Court) Built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in 1514 but coaxed from him by Henry VIII just before Wolsey (as chancellor) fell from favour, Hampton Court Palace is England's largest and grandest Tudor structure. It was already one of the most sophisticated palaces in Europe when, in the 17th century, Wren was commissioned to build an extension. The result is a beautiful blend of Tudor and 'restrained baroque' architecture. Take a themed tour led by costumed historians or, if you're in a rush, visit the highlights: **Henry VIII's State Apartments** , including the **Great Hall** with its spectacular hammer-beamed roof; the **Tudor Kitchens** , staffed by 'servants'; and the **Wolsey Rooms**. You could easily spend a day exploring the palace and its 60 acres of riverside gardens, especially if you get lost in the 300-year-old **maze**. Hampton Court is 13 miles southwest of central London and is easily reached by train from Waterloo. Alternatively, the riverboats that head from Westminster to Kew continue here (return adult/child £22.50/11.25, three hours). Richmond ParkPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h7am-dusk; tRichmond) London's wildest park – and the largest urban parkland in Europe – spans more than 1000 hectares and is home to all sorts of wildlife, most notably herds of red and fallow deer. To get there from Richmond tube station, turn left along George St then left at the fork that leads up Richmond Hill. Strawberry HillHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.strawberryhillhouse.org.uk; 268 Waldegrave Rd, TW1; adult/child £10.80/free; hhouse 2-6pm Mon-Wed, noon-6pm Sat & Sun Mar-Oct, garden 10am-6pm daily; tRichmond, then bus R68) With its snow-white walls and Gothic turrets, this fantastical and totally restored 18th-century creation in Twickenham is the whimsical work of art historian, author and politician Horace Walpole. Studded with elaborate stained glass, the building reaches its astonishing apogee in the gallery, with its magnificent papier-mâché ceiling. For the full magic, join a twilight tour (£20). Wimbledon Lawn Tennis MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-8946 6131; www.wimbledon.com/museum; Gate 4, Church Rd, SW19; adult/child £12/7, museum & tour £22/13; h10am-5pm; dWimbledon, then bus 93, tWimbledon) This museum in leafy Wimbledon details the history of tennis – from its French precursor _Jeu de paume_ to the supersonic serves of today's champions. It's a state-of-the-art presentation, with plenty of video clips and a projection of John McEnroe in the dressing room at Wimbledon, but the highlight is the chance to see Centre Court from the **360-degree viewing box**. During the championships, the museum is only open to ticket holders. Regular tours of Wimbledon take in Centre Court, No 1 Court and other areas of the All England Club and include access to the museum. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### IAN FRANKLIN: HAMPTON COURT PALACE STATE APARTMENT WARDER An enthusiastic communicator, Ian Franklin has been a State Apartment Warder at Hampton Court Palace for 17 years. #### Costumed Guides & State Apartment Warders Trained historians, our interpreters wear extremely accurate representations of period clothes, bringing historic scenarios to life. Warders, such as myself, are found in most of the rooms and can answer questions face to face in a very personal way. #### Fascinating Palace Facts The Palace is home to the largest indigenous spider in England. _Tegenaria parietina,_ nick-named the Cardinal Spider after Cardinal Wolsey, can measure up to 20cm from leg-tip to leg-tip. You probably won't encounter one, but their webs are often seen in places like the Tudor Kitchens and King's Stairs. If you don't like spiders – watch out! And another snippet – Jane Seymour, Henry VIII's third wife, died at Hampton Court Palace. It is said that as there was no burial place ready, her body was laid out in the Chapel Royal. To prevent Jane's body decomposing too quickly, her internal organs were removed, and her heart placed in a casket and buried beneath the Chapel altar. There's no evidence the casket was ever dug up, so the heart could still be buried at the palace. #### Favourite Part of the Palace I love the Chapel Royal. As it's still used as a place of worship, and visitors are welcome to attend Sunday services, it gives a sense of life and community to the palace. #### Recommended Palace Events Check out the special cooking days in the Tudor Kitchens on the first full weekend in any month, and at Easter and Christmas. Where else in the UK can you regularly see cooks creating Tudor dishes, or meals from period recipes, in the greatest surviving Tudor Kitchens in the country? #### Spooky Treats Our famous ghost tours, which run from Halloween to March, allow visitors to enter the palace after dark, and take in the most 'haunted' areas. You can visit the infamous 'Haunted Galley' in almost total darkness! #### WORTH A TRIP ### ABBEY ROAD Abbey Road StudiosHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.abbeyroad.com; 3 Abbey Rd, NW8) Beatles aficionados can't possibly visit London without making a pilgrimage to Abbey Road Studios in St John's Wood. The fence outside is covered with decades of fans' graffiti. Stop-start local traffic is long accustomed to groups of tourists lining up on the zebra crossing to reenact the cover of the fab four's 1969 masterpiece and penultimate swan song _Abbey Road_. In 2010, the crossing was rewarded with Grade II listed status. For an entertaining live view of the crossing and highlights of the day's action, check out the fun webcam at www.abbeyroad.com/crossing. To get here, take the tube to St John's Wood, cross the road, follow Grove End Rd to its end and turn right. City Walk 1Sights 1St Bartholomew-the-Great 2St Bartholomew's Hospital 3Postman's Park 4City Walls 5Museum of London 6Ruins of the Barbicans 7Barbican 8St Alban's 9St Mary Aldermansbury 10Guildhall 11St Mary-le-Bow 12St Mary Aldermary 13St Stephen's Walbrook 14Mansion House 15Equestrian Statue of the Iron Duke 16Royal Exchange 17St Michael, Cornhill 18St Michael's Churchyard 19Leadenhall Market 20Lloyd's of London 2130 St Mary Axe 22Heron Tower ## 2City Walk City of London **Start** : St Bartholomew-the-Great **End** : Heron Tower **Length** : 2 miles; two to four hours It's fitting to start at 1 **St Bartholomew-the-Great** (a five-minute walk southwest from Barbican tube station), as this history-steeped 12th-century church was once a pilgrimage stop for travellers to London. Head out through the Tudor gatehouse and to your right you'll see the Victorian arches of Smithfield's meat market, on this site just north of the old city walls for 800 years. Executions were held here, most famously the torching of Protestants under Mary I and the grisly killing of Scottish hero William Wallace (Braveheart) in 1305; a plaque on the front of 2 **St Bartholomew's Hospital** commemorates him. Head back towards the gate and turn right into Little Britain. Follow it as it curves to the right and look out for the large tree marking the entrance to 3 **Postman's Park**. This lovely space includes a touching legacy of Victorian socialism: a tiled wall celebrating everyday heroes. Coming out of the park, turn right onto Aldersgate, then left and left again into Noble St. You're now inside what was once the old City's 4 **walls** , remnants of which you'll pass on your left. This section was only uncovered after WWII bombs destroyed the buildings covering it. Take the stairs up to the footbridge crossing the street called London Wall towards the 5Museum of London. Turn left when leaving the museum and follow the Highwalk past 6 **ruins** of the barbicans (defensive towers) that once guarded the northwestern corner of the walls, on your left, with the 7Barbican Centre behind (filling a space bombed out during WWII). At its heart is an arts centre consisting of concert halls, cinemas, galleries, eateries, a library and a school. Follow the painted lines on the Highwalk for a closer look, or turn right at Pizza Express, take the escalator down to Wood St and head towards the remaining tower of 8 **St Alban's** , a Wren-designed church destroyed in WWII. Turn left and you'll find a sweet garden on the site of 9 **St Mary Aldermanbury** , with a bust of Shakespeare. Turn right on to Aldermanbury and head to the aGuildhall. Take King St down to Cheapside, cross the road and head right to elegant b **St Mary-le-Bow**. The church was rebuilt by Wren after the Great Fire, and then rebuilt again after WWII. The term 'Cockney' traditionally refers to someone born within the sound of this church's bell. Walk down the west flank of the church and turn left into Bow Churchyard to reach Bow Lane; follow this narrow path south to c **St Mary Aldermary** , rebuilt in the Perpendicular Gothic style in 1682 following the Great Fire. Turn left on to Queen Victoria St and then right into Bucklersbury, to spot d **St Stephen's Walbrook** directly in front of you. Rebuilt after the Great Fire, the current St Stephen's is one of Wren's greatest masterpieces, with elegant Corinthian columns supporting a beautifully proportioned dome. Leaving the church, you'll pass e **Mansion House** , built in 1752 as the official residence of the Lord Mayor. As you approach the busy Bank intersection, lined with neoclassical temples to commerce, you might think you've stumbled into the ancient Roman forum (the actual forum was a couple of blocks east). Head for the f **equestrian statue of the Iron Duke** , behind which a metal pyramid details the many significant buildings here. Directly beyond the statue is the g **Royal Exchange** ; walk through it and exit through the door on the right, then turn left onto Cornhill. If you're still not churched out, cross the road to h **St Michael's** , a 1672 Wren design that still has its box pews. Hidden in the warren of tiny passages behind the church is its i **churchyard**. Head through to Gracechurch St, turn left and cross the road to wonderful j **Leadenhall Market**. As you wander out the far end, the famous k **Lloyd's of London** displays its metallic innards for all to see. To the south rises the bulbous, top-heavy form of l **20 Fenchurch St** (aka the 'Walkie-Talkie') – most impressive from a distance. Turn left onto Lime St and you'll soon reach the uncompromising wedge of the m **Leadenhall Building** (aka the 'Cheese Grater'). Ahead of you rises Norman Foster's 180m n **30 St Mary Axe** (the 'Gherkin'). A short walk beyond, the o **Heron Tower** is currently the tallest building in the City, from where it's a short walk north to Liverpool Street tube station. TTours One of the best ways to orient yourself when you first arrive in London is with a 24-hour hop-on/hop-off pass for the double-decker bus tours. The buses loop around interconnecting routes throughout the day, providing commentaries as they go, and the price includes a river cruise and three walking tours. Save a few pounds by booking online. Original TourBUS TOUR (www.theoriginaltour.com; adult/child/family £29/14/86; hevery 20min 8.30am-5.30pm) A hop-on/hop-off option with a river cruise thrown in as well as three themed walks: Changing of the Guard, Rock 'n' Roll and Jack the Ripper. Big Bus ToursBUS TOUR (www.bigbustours.com; adult/child/family £32/12/76; hevery 20min 8.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct & Mar, to 4.30pm Nov-Feb) Informative commentaries in eight languages. The ticket includes a free river cruise with City Cruises and three thematic walking tours (Royal London, Harry Potter film locations and Ghosts by Gaslight). Online booking discounts available. London Beatles WalksWALKING TOUR ( %020-8200 3438; www.beatlesinlondon.com; adult/child £9/free) Following the footsteps of the Fab Four. London WalksWALKING TOUR ( %020-7624 3978; www.walks.com; adult/child £9/free) Harry Potter tours, ghost walks and the ever-popular Jack the Ripper tours. London Mystery WalksWALKING TOUR ( %07957 388280; www.tourguides.org.uk; adult/child/family £10/9/25) Tour Jack the Ripper's old haunts at 7pm on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. You must book in advance. Greenwich Guided WalksWALKING TOUR ( %07575 772298; www.greenwichtours.co.uk; adult/child £8/free; h12.15pm & 2.15pm) Guided tours of Greenwich's sights, leaving twice daily from the tourist office (no need to book). City CruisesBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7740 0400; www.citycruises.com; single/return from £9.75/13, day pass £18) Ferry service between Westminster, Water­loo, Tower and Greenwich piers. Capital Taxi ToursTAXI TOUR ( %020-8590 3621; www.capitaltaxitours.co.uk; 2hr daytime tour per taxi £165, 2½hr evening tour per taxi £235) Takes up to six people on a variety of tours with Blue Badge, City of London and City of Westminster registered guides/drivers, cheeky Cockney Cabbie option and foreign language availability. London Bicycle TourCYCLING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7928 6838; www.londonbicycle.com; 1a Gabriel's Wharf, 56 Upper Ground, SE1; tour incl bike from £23.95; tWaterloo) Themed 2½- to 3½-hour tours of the 'West End', 'East', 'Central' or 'Night Tour'. London Duck ToursADVENTURE TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7928 3132; www.londonducktours.co.uk; County Hall, SE1; adult/child £24/16; tWaterloo) Cruise the streets in the same sort of amphibious landing craft used on D-Day before making a dramatic plunge into the Thames. zFestivals & Events Chinese New YearCULTURE Late January or early February sees Chinatown snap, crackle and pop with fireworks, a colourful street parade, lion dances and dim sum aplenty. University Boat RaceROWING (www.theboatrace.org) A grudge match on the Thames held annually since 1829 between the rowing crews of Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Late March. Virgin Money London Marathon MARATHON (www.virginmoneylondonmarathon.com) Up to half a million spectators applaud whippet-thin champions and outlandishly clad greenhorns charging down London's streets in late April. Chelsea Flower ShowHORTICULTURE (www.rhs.org.uk/chelsea; Royal Hospital Chelsea; admission from £23) Held in May, arguably the world's most renowned horticultural show attracts green fingers from all corners. Trooping the ColourPAGEANT Celebrating the Queen's official birthday (in June), this ceremonial procession of troops, marching along the Mall for their monarch's inspection, is a pageantry overload. Field DayMUSIC (www.fielddayfestivals.com; Victoria Park; tickets £29.50-59.50; tMile End) Fabulously popular indie and alternative music festival, held over a June weekend in Victoria Park. Royal Academy Summer ExhibitionART (www.royalacademy.org.uk; adult/child £9.50/5) Running from mid-June to mid-August, this is an annual showcase of works submitted by artists from all over Britain. Meltdown FestivalMUSIC (www.southbankcentre.co.uk) The Southbank Centre hands over the curatorial reigns to a legend of contemporary music (such as Nick Cave, Morrissey or Patti Smith) to pull together a full program of concerts, talks and films in late June. Wimbledon Lawn Tennis ChampionshipsTENNIS (www.wimbledon.com) Held at the end of June, the world's most prestigious tennis event is as much about strawberries, cream and tradition as supersonic aces. WirelessMUSIC (www.wirelessfestival.co.uk; Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, E20) One of London's flagship music festivals, with an emphasis on R&B, Wireless moved from Hyde Park to its new home at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in 2013. Usually held in July. Book in advance. PrideGAY & LESBIAN (www.prideinlondon.org) The big event on the gay and lesbian calendar; usually held in June or July. LoveboxMUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.loveboxfestival.com; Victoria Park, E9) A popular contribution to the summer music festival circuit, held in Victoria Park in mid-July. Notting Hill CarnivalCARNIVAL (www.thenottinghillcarnival.com) Held over two days in August, Europe's largest (and London's most vibrant outdoor carnival) sees the Caribbean community showing the city how to party. 4Sleeping When it comes to finding a place for a good night's kip, London is one of the most expensive places in the world. 'Budget' is pretty much anything below £100 per night for a double; at the top end, how does an £18,000-per-night suite on Hyde Park Corner sound? Double rooms ranging between £90 and £180 per night are considered midrange; more expensive options fall into the top-end category. London, however, has a delightful selection of characterful hotels, whether brimming with history, zany modern decor or all-stops-out charm. Most of the ritzier places offer substantial discounts on the weekends, for advance bookings and at quieter times. Public transport is good, so you don't need to be sleeping at Buckingham Palace to be at the heart of things. Budget accommodation is scattered about, with good options in Bloomsbury and St Pancras, Earl's Court and the South Bank. For something a little nicer, check out Bayswater, Notting Hill Gate or Belgravia. To splash some cash, consider the West End, Kensington and Knightsbridge. Most budget and midrange places offer free wi-fi (top-end properties may charge). Prices listed here include 20% VAT, when it applies. #### West End Like in Monopoly, land on a Mayfair hotel and you may have to sell your house, or at least remortgage. This is the heart of the action, and a couple of hostels cater for would-be Soho hipsters of more modest means. YHA London Oxford StreetHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7734 1618; www.yha.org.uk; 14 Noel St, W1; dm/tw from £18/46; i W; tOxford Circus) The most central of the YHA London fold, this hostel is a tip-top choice for its location, bright and colourful shared facilities, cleanliness and manageable 104-bed size. There are doubles, twins and three/four-bed dorms, with a charge for wi-fi. Dean Street TownhouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7434 1775; www.deanstreettownhouse.com; 69-71 Dean St, W1; r £140-310; a W; tTottenham Court Rd) This Soho gem of a 39-bedroom boutique hotel enjoys a delightful boudoir atmosphere with choice rooms – everything faultlessly in its place – from 'tiny' options upwards. Seven Dials HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7240 0823; www.sevendialshotellondon.com; 7 Monmouth St, WC2; s/d/tr/q £95/105/130/150; W; tCovent Garden, Tottenham Court Rd) The clean, comfortable and affordable Seven Dials offers a highly central location and rooms at the front looking out over delightful Monmouth St and quieter rooms at the back, with less of a view. oHaymarket HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7470 4000; www.haymarkethotel.com; 1 Suffolk Pl, off Haymarket, SW1; r £325-425, ste from £505; a W s; tPiccadilly Circus) An exquisite place to hang your well-trimmed hat, the Tim and Kit Kemp–designed Haymarket is a super-stylish and eye-catching treat, with a knockout swimming pool bathed in serene mood lighting. Hazlitt'sHISTORIC HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7434 1771; www.hazlittshotel.com; 6 Frith St, W1; s £216, d/ste from £288/660; a W; tTottenham Court Rd) Envelop yourself in Georgian finery at this lovely 1718 house and journey back to the days of four-poster beds, claw-foot baths and panelled walls. Each of the 30 individually decorated rooms overflows with Georgian antiques and days-gone-by charm (plus up-to-the-minute mod cons). One AldwychHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7300 1000; www.onealdwych.co.uk; 1 Aldwych, WC2; d £255-470, ste £465-1005; a W s; tCovent Garden) Check in for a tremendous presentation of granite bathrooms, modern art, a majestic bar and restaurant, and a long, chlorine-free swimming pool (with underwater music). The circular suites serve up fabulous views of the Strand and Waterloo Bridge. Brown's HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7493 6020; www.brownshotel.com; 30 Albemarle St, W1; r/ste from £460/2000; a W; tGreen Park) A stunning five-star choice, this 117-room hotel dates to 1837 when 11 houses were joined together; lovely old-world traditional features (Edwardian oak panelling, working fireplaces) complement individually decorated rooms. Covent Garden HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7806 1000; www.coventgardenhotel.co.uk; 10 Monmouth St, WC2; d/ste from £310/490; a W; tCovent Garden) Housed in an old French hospital, this well-positioned 58-room Firmdale hotel concocts a classy display of antiques, bright and vibrant fabrics, quirky bric-a-brac and a winning bar-restaurant. #### The City It bristles with bankers during the week, but you can often net considerable bargains in the City come weekends. London St Paul's YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7236 4965; www.yha.org.uk; 36 Carter Lane, EC4; dm £17-25, d £40-50; i W; tSt Paul 's) Perfectly placed for hoovering up the sights of the City and the South Bank, this 213-bed hostel in a heritage-listed building is just down the road from St Paul's (the bells, the bells!). There's a licensed cafeteria, but no self-catering, no lift and a seven-night maximum stay. Hotel Indigo Tower HillBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0843 208 7007; www.hotelindigo.com/lontowerhill; 142 Minories, EC3; r weekend/weekday from £100/200; a W; tAldgate) The 46 differently styled rooms at this crisp and affordable hotel north of the Tower of London feature four-poster beds and iPod docking stations. Andaz Liverpool StreetHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7961 1234; www.london.liverpoolstreet.andaz.com; 40 Liverpool St, EC2; r weekend/weekday from £145/290; a W; tLiverpool St) The former Great Eastern Hotel is now the London flagship for Hyatt's youth-focused Andaz chain. There's no reception here, just black-clad staff who check you in on mini laptops. Rooms are a little generic, but have free juice, snacks and wi-fi. #### South Bank Immediately on the south side of the Thames is a fab perch for reaching the central sights, while gauging the personality of South London. St Christopher's VillageHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7939 9710; www.st-christophers.co.uk; 163 Borough High St, SE1; dm/r from £14/62; i W; tLondon Bridge) The Village – a huge, up-for-it party hostel, with a hopping bar, roof terrace (plus bar), cinema and tons of beds – is the main hub of three locations on the same street. Dorms have four to 14 beds. The other locations are much smaller, quieter and, frankly, more pleasant. St Christopher's Inn ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 121 Borough High St, SE1) is above a very nice pub, while Oasis ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 59 Borough High St) is women-only. oCitizen MBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-3519 1680; www.citizenm.com/london-bankside; 20 Lavington St, SE1; r £109-189; a i W; tSouthwark) Aimed squarely at young, trendy and Tate-going artsy travellers, this Dutch boutique hotel pulls out all the design stops (and rummages around to pull out a few more). Rooms are titchy, but have swish Samsung tablet-controlled mod-cons and free movies on tap. Space comes from the funky lounge area, conceived to hang around in. New openings in Tower Hill and St Pauls are on the cards for 2014. Shangri-La Hotel at the ShardHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7234 8000; www.shangri-la.com/london/shangrila; 31 St Thomas St, SE1; d/ste £575/3000; a i W s; dLondon Bridge, tLondon Bridge) The Shangri-La's first UK opening gives London its first five-star hotel south of the Thames and breathtaking views from the highest hotel in Western Europe, occupying levels 34 to 52 of the Shard. From the 35th floor sky lobby to the rooms, the Shangri-La concocts a stylish blend of Chinese aesthetics, Asian hospitality and sharp modernity. The Shard's tapering shape puts the suites on lower floors, while each guestroom is slightly different in design. For drop-dead views, zip up to Gǒng on the 52nd floor, but book way ahead. #### Pimlico & Belgravia Lime Tree Hotel B&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7730 8191; www.limetreehotel.co.uk; 135-137 Ebury St, SW1; s/tr/f £110/205/225, d £165-205; i W; tVictoria) Family-run for over 40 years, this smartly renovated Georgian townhouse hotel has a pleasant back garden to catch the late afternoon rays, while contemporary renovations and polite staff make it an appealing choice. No lift. B+B BelgraviaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7259 8570; www.bb-belgravia.com; 64-66 Ebury St, SW1; s £89-120, d £100-140, apt £225; i W; tVictoria) This lovely place marries contemporary chic with Georgian elegance (and a pleasant courtyard garden out back). Rooms are neat and, although not very spacious, fine studio rooms with compact kitchens are along the road at No 82. No lift. oGoringHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7396 9000; www.thegoring.com; Beeston Place; r £575-4350; a i W; tVictoria) Kate Middleton spent her last night as a commoner in the Royal Suite here before joining the ranks of the Royal Family, propelling the Goring into an international media glare. Glistening with chandeliers and overseen by magnificent staff, this family-owned hotel is a supremely grand, albeit highly relaxed slice of England and Englishness (with a sumptuous garden). #### Knightsbridge Named after a bridge over the River Westbourne, Knightsbridge is where you'll find some of London's best-known department stores and some top hotels. Levin HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7589 6286; www.thelevinhotel.co.uk; 28 Basil St, SW3; r from £379; a W; tKnightsbridge) As close as you can get to sleeping in Harrods, the 12-room Levin knows its market. Elegance and sophistication permeate this tiny hotel from top to toe, fashioning a highly personable choice in the heart of Knightsbridge. #### Chelsea & Kensington Well-turned out Chelsea and Kensington offer easy access to the museums, natty shopping choices and some of London's best-looking streets. MeiningerHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-3318 1407; www.meininger-hostels.com; Baden Powell House, 65-67 Queen's Gate, SW7; dm £16-22, s/tw from £75/90; a i W; tGloucester Rd, South Kensington) In late-1950s Baden Powell House, opposite the Natural History Museum, this 48-room German-run 'city hostel and hotel' has spic-and-span rooms, most of which are dorms of between four and 12 beds, with pod-like showers, plus 11 private rooms all with bathroom. There's a bar in-house plus a great roof terrace. Ampersand HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7589 5895; www.ampersandhotel.com; 10 Harrington Road; s & d £372; a i W; tSouth Kensington) Housed in the old Norfolk Hotel building, the Ampersand boasts a light, fresh and bubbly feel: its (narrow) corridors and (stylish but smallish) rooms decorated with wallpaper designs celebrating the nearby arts and sciences of South Kensington's museums, a short stroll away. Apero, the cellar Mediterranean restaurant, is excellent. Halkin by ComoHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7333 1000; www.comohotels.com/thehalkin; Halkin St, SW1; r/ste from £390/540; a i W; tHyde Park Corner) With muted Asian influences, the chichi Halkin is for business travellers of a minimalist bent. Bedroom doors are hidden within curved wooden hallways, and the 41 swish rooms are filled with natural light, boasting cream walls, burlwood panelling and large all-marble bathrooms. Number SixteenHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7589 5232; www.firmdalehotels.com/hotels/london/number-sixteen; 16 Sumner Pl, SW7; s from £174, d £228-360; a i W; tSouth Kensington) This is four properties in one delightful whole and a stunning place to stay, with 42 individually designed rooms, a cosy drawing room, a fully stocked library and a simply idyllic back garden. GoreHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7584 6601; www.gorehotel.com; 190 Queen's Gate, SW7; r from £204; a i W; tGloucester Rd) With obliging staff in tails, twinkling chandeliers, walls crowded with framed portraits, prints and wood-panelling, this superb 50-room hotel wallows in old England charm. Rolling Stones fans can celebrate the 1968 _Beggars Banquet_ album launch in the bar; Judy Garland aficionados can sleep on her bed. #### Earl's Court & Fulham West London's Earl's Court is lively, cosmopolitan and so popular with travelling Antipodeans it's nicknamed Kangaroo Valley. There are no real sights, but it has inexpensive digs, an infectious holiday atmosphere and it's a short hop to the action. Further west and abutting the Thames, Fulham is the home of its famous riverside palace. oBarclay HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7384 3390; www.barclayhouselondon.com; 21 Barclay Rd, SW6; r £110-125; i W; tFulham Broadway) The two dapper, thoroughly modern and comfy bedrooms in this charmingly shipshape Victorian house are a dream, from the Philippe Starck shower rooms, walnut furniture, new double-glazed sash windows and underfloor heating to the small, thoughtful details (fumble-free coat hangers, drawers packed with sewing kits and maps). A four-night minimum stay usually applies. RockwellBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7244 2000; www.therockwell.com; 181-183 Cromwell Rd, SW5; s/ste from £90/160, d £100-150; a i W; tEarl's Court) With an understated-cool design ethos, things are muted, dapper and a tad minimalist at 'budget boutique' 40-room Rockwell. Spruce and stylish, all rooms have a shower, the mezzanine suite is an absolute peach, and the three rooms (LG1, 2 and 3) onto the garden are fine. Rooms on Cromwell Rd are triple-glazed to stifle the roar. #### Notting Hill, Bayswater & Paddington Don't be fooled by Julia Roberts' and Hugh Grant's shenanigans, Notting Hill and the areas immediately north of Hyde Park are as shabby as they are chic, but they're still cool. There are some gorgeous gated squares surrounded by Georgian town houses, but the area is better exemplified by the Portobello Road Market and the Notting Hill Carnival. Scruffy Paddington has lots of cheap hotels, with a major strip of unremarkable ones along Sussex Gardens that may be worth checking if you're short on options. Notting Hill & Bayswater 1Sights 1Kensington GardensD3 2Kensington PalaceD4 5Eating 3Electric DinerA1 4LedburyB1 5OrangeryD4 6OttolenghiB1 7OttolenghiC5 8TaqueríaC1 6Drinking & Nightlife 9Churchill ArmsC4 10Earl of LonsdaleA2 11Windsor CastleB4 3Entertainment Electric CinemaA1 7Shopping 12Ceramica BlueA1 13Portobello Road MarketA1 14Rough Trade WestA1 Tune HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7258 3140; www.tunehotels.com; 41 Praed St, W2; r £35-80; a i W; tPaddington) This 137-room Malaysian-owned budget hotel offers super-duper rates for early birds who book way in advance. You get the bare bones – a twin or double room, the cheapest without window – and pay for add-ons (towel, wi-fi, TV) as you see fit, giving you the chance to simply put a roof over your head. You don't even get a wardrobe, just hangers. oLa Suite WestBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7313 8484; www.lasuitewest.com; 41-51 Inverness Tce, W2; r £179-489; a i W; tBayswater) The black-and-white foyer of the Anouska Hempel–designed La Suite West – bare walls, a minimalist slit of a fireplace, an iPad for guests' use on a bare white marble reception desk – presages the OCD neatness of rooms hidden away down dark corridors. Think impeccable bathrooms, comfortable beds and warm service. Downstairs suites have gardens and individual gated entrances. #### Bloomsbury & St Pancras One step from the West End and crammed with Georgian townhouse conversions, these are more affordable neighbourhoods. A stretch of lower-priced hotels runs along Gower St and on the pretty Cartwright Gardens crescent. While hardly a salubrious location, St Pancras is handy with some excellent budget options. Clink78HOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7183 9400; www.clinkhostels.com; 78 King's Cross Rd, WC1; dm/r from £10/25; i W; tKing's Cross St Pancras) If anyone can think of a more right-on London place to stay than the courthouse where The Clash went on trial, please let us know. You can watch TV from the witness box or sleep in the converted cells, but the majority of the rooms are custom-built, quite comfortable and all were undergoing a repaint in 2014. GeneratorHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7388 7666; www.generatorhostels.com/london; 37 Tavistock Pl, WC1; dm/r from £12/50; i W; tRussell Sq) Lashings of primary colours and shiny industrial metal are the hallmarks of this huge hostel. This former police barracks has over 850 beds, a bar that stays open until 2am and hosts themed parties, and a large eating area (but no kitchen). Dorm rooms have between four and 12 beds. London St Pancras YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7388 9998; www.yha.org.uk; 79 Euston Rd, NW1; dm/r from £20/61; i W; tKing's Cross St Pancras) Renovations have converted this 185-bed hostel into a dependable central London choice – despite the busy road. Rooms range from private doubles to six-bed dorms; most have bathrooms. There's a good bar and cafe, but no kitchen. Arosfa HotelB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7636 2115; www.arosfalondon.com; 83 Gower St, WC1; s/tr/f £78/145/175, d £130-145; W; tGoodge St) While the decor of the immaculately presented rooms is more understated, Arosfa's guest lounge is blinged up with chandeliers and clear plastic chairs. Recent refurbishments have added en suites to all bedrooms, but they're tiny. A couple of family rooms pitch in; room 4 looks onto a small garden. St Pancras Renaissance London HotelLUXURY HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7841 3540; www.marriott.co.uk; Euston Rd, NW1; d from £230; a W s; tKing's Cross St Pancras) This iconic George Gilbert Scott–designed Gothic masterpiece is a redbrick Victorian fantasy, its lobby a magnificent conversion of the former train station taxi rank boasting a splendid double-staircase. Disappointingly, only 38 of the 245 rooms are in the original building; the rest are in an extension at the back and rather bland. You can toast the former booking office architecture from the 29m-long bar. Rough LuxeBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7837 5338; www.roughluxe.co.uk; 1 Birkenhead St, WC1; r £229-289; a W; tKing's Cross St Pancras) Half rough, half luxury goes the blurb, and the shabby/chic blend at this Grade-II listed property is compelling. Rooms treat you to the finest quality bed linen, eclectic art works cling to walls, you may get a free-standing copper bath and service is top-notch, but the wallpaper is fetchingly distressed and the 1970s TV doesn't quite work. A lovely patio chips in at the rear. #### Clerkenwell & Farringdon These now-fashionable districts just north of centre contain few echoes of the notorious 'rookeries' of the 19th century, where families were crammed into damp, foetid basements, living in possibly the worst conditions in the city's history (the London documented so vividly by Dickens). The availability of accommodation hasn't kept pace with Clerkenwell's revival, but it's still a great area to hang your hat. The best pickings aren't exactly cheap. oZetter Hotel & TownhouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7324 4444; www.thezetter.com; 86-88 Clerkenwell Rd, EC1; d from £235, studio £300-450; a W; tFarringdon) S Guided by a sustainable ethos (water is supplied by its own bore hole), the 59-room Zetter is lovely, from the fine furnishings to the cutting-edge facilities. The rooftop studios with private patios and long views are the icing on this cake. Bistrot Bruno Loubet ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7324 4455; www.bistrotbrunoloubet.com; 86-88 Clerkenwell Rd, EC1; mains £12-17; h7.30-10.30am, noon-2.30pm & 6-10pm; W; tFarringdon) takes care of the fine food end. RookeryLUXURY HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7336 0931; www.rookeryhotel.com; 12 Peter's Lane, Cowcross St, EC1; s £222, d £288-660, ste £474; a W; tFarringdon) Named after London's notorious slums (Fagin's house in _Oliver Twist_ was nearby), this antique-strewn charmer fashions an 18th-century ambience with none of the attendant grime or crime. For a bird's-eye view of St Paul's, book the two-storey Rook's Nest, but be warned: Fagin never had a lift. #### Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields Its rough-edged reputation well-smoothed by gentrification and the attentions of cash-loaded twenty-somethings, this is a knockout area to roost for some of London's best bars and nightlife. Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields 1Sights 1Dennis Severs' HouseC5 2Geffrye MuseumC1 4Sleeping 3Hoxton HotelA3 5Eating 4AlbionC4 5Brick Lane Beigel BakeD4 6PoppiesD6 7Sông Quê CaféC1 6Drinking & Nightlife 8Book ClubB4 9BrewDogD4 10CargoB3 11George & DragonC3 12Happiness ForgetsB2 13Plastic PeopleB3 14Sager & WildeD1 15Ten BellsD6 16Worship St Whistling ShopA5 17XOYOA3 3Entertainment 18Comedy CafeB3 7Shopping 19Brick Lane MarketD4 20Columbia Road Flower MarketD2 21Old Spitalfields MarketC6 22Rough Trade EastD5 23StartB3 24Sunday UpMarketD5 oHoxton HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7550 1000; www.hoxtonhotels.com; 81 Great Eastern St, EC2; r from £59; a i W; tOld St) A revolutionary pricing structure means that while all the rooms are identical, the hip Hoxton aims at constantly full occupancy. Book three months ahead (sign up on the website) and you can, if fortunate, nab a room for £1; you'll also need to book early for £49 to £69 deals. The reasonably sized rooms have comfy beds, quality linen, a desk and fridge with complimentary bottled water and milk. #### East End & Docklands 40 WinksBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7790 0259; www.40winks.org; 109 Mile End Rd, E1; s/d £110/185; W; tStepney Green) This fun Queen Anne town house spills over with charm, eclectic style and whimsy, so much so that the two bedrooms (one single) are devoid of TVs. Fashionistas make this their first port of call, so book way ahead. Breakfast included. ### POUND SAVERS As many of London's very best sights are free, you can easily spend a busy week without paying much on admission charges. However, if you're hanging around for longer and have particular attractions that you're keen to see, there are options for saving a few pounds. London PassTRAVEL PASS (www.londonpass.com; 1/2/3/6 days £49/68/81/108) The London Pass is a smart card that gains you fast-track entry to over 60 different attractions, including pricier ones such as the Tower of London and St Paul's Cathedral. You'd have to be racing around frantically to get real value from a one-day pass, but you could conceivably save quite a bit with the two- or three-day version. Passes can be booked online and either shipped or collected from the London Pass Redemption Desk ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 11a Charing Cross Rd, WC2; h10am-4.30pm; tLeicester Square) opposite the Garrick Theatre. It also sells a version with a preloaded Transport For London (TFL) travel pass, but it's cheaper to buy this separately. Historic Royal PalacesTRAVEL PASS (www.hrp.org.uk; individual/joint membership £43/65) If you're a royalty buff, taking out an annual membership to the Historic Royal Palaces allows you to jump the queues and visit the Tower of London, Kensington Palace, Banqueting House, Kew Palace and Hampton Court Palace as often as you like. If you were intending to visit all five anyway, membership will save you £32 (£87 for a couple). There can be a lengthy wait for membership cards, but temporary cards are issued immediately. 5Eating Dining out in London has become so fashionable that you can hardly open a menu without banging into some celebrity chef or other. The range and quality of eating options has increased exponentially over the last few decades. Waves of immigrant flavours have deeply infused London cuisine and the expectations of modern-day Londoners are demanding. In this section we have sieved out choice restaurants and cafes noted for their location, value for money, unique character, ambience and, of course, good food. Vegetarians needn't fret: London has a host of dedicated meat-free joints, while most others have veggie offerings. #### West End Mayfair, Soho and Covent Garden are the gastronomic heart of London, with a blinding choice of restaurants and cuisines at budgets to suit booze hounds, theatre-goers or determined grazers. oKoyaNOODLES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.koya.co.uk; 49 Frith St, W1; mains £7-15; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-10.30pm; tTottenham Court Rd, Leicester Sq) Koya's speciality is udon noodles (a type of thick wheat flour noodle) – devoured either with a cold sauce or plunged into a variety of hot broths (from plain to duck or smoked mackerel). The noodles are divine and the simple wooden-table decor wholesome; arrive early or late to avoid queues. CevicheSOUTH AMERICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cevicheuk.com; 17 Frith St, W1; mains £5-11; hnoon-11.30pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; W; tLeicester Sq) A big hit with Soho gastronomes, this colourful, vibrant and fabuloso bodega is a must for lovers of Peruvian food, or those keen to kick-start an instant passion for _anticuchos_ (grilled skewers), ceviche (citrus-marinated raw fish) and heart-warming shots of pisco. OrchardVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.orchard-kitchen.co.uk; 11 Sicilian Ave, WC1; mains £6.50-7; h8am-4pm Mon-Fri; v; tHolborn) Delightfully ensconced amid the charming buildings of Sicilian Ave, this homely eatery is a must for roving vegetarians. The traditional menu is a wholesome delight, from dandelion leaves, baby spinach and poached garlic milk to crushed turnips with pink peppercorns. Roti ChaiINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rotichai.com; 3 Portman Mews South, W1; mains from £5-12; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat, 1-9pm Sun; W; tMarble Arch) With a refreshing street kitchen menu from India, colourful Roti Chai cooks up a roaring trade in _bel puris_ , spiced lamb _chapli kebabs_ , _papri chaat_ and railway lamb curries for upstairs snackers, with a more expansive dining room menu down below. WahacaMEXICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wahaca.com; 66 Chandos Pl, WC2; mains £7-10; hnoon-11pm; W; tCovent Garden) S A branch of a chain peppering central London, this delightful cantina is a superb pitstop for Mexican street snacks (tacos, _tostadas,_ _quesadillas_ ), more traditional mains such as marinated, grilled chicken or fish tacos, and a strong list of tequila and mezqal. Award-winning sustainable credentials to boot. Nordic BakerySCANDINAVIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nordicbakery.com; 14a Golden Sq, W1; snacks £4-5; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 10am-7pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) As unfussy and stylish as you'd expect from the Scandinavians, this small cafe has bare wooden walls and uncomplicated Nordic snacks, such as sticky Finnish cinnamon buns, Scandinavian smoked-fish sandwiches, goat's cheese and beetroot salad, and oatmeal cookies. Monmouth Coffee CompanyCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.monmouthcoffee.co.uk; 27 Monmouth St, WC2; pastry & cakes from £2.50; h8am-6.30pm Mon-Sat; tTottenham Court Rd, Leicester Sq) There's an array of treats on the counter, but it's the coffee that's the star, nay god, here. Chat to a caffeinated stranger on one of the tight tables at the back, or grab a takeaway and slink off to a nearby lane for your fix. There's a second outlet in Borough ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Park St, SE1; h7.30am-6pm; tLondon Bridge). Hummus BrosCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hbros.co.uk; 88 Wardour St, W1; mains £3.50-6.50; hnoon-10pm Mon-Sat, to 9pm Sun; W v; tPiccadilly Circus) S Don't come here if you're chickpea-challenged, because this informal place is hummus heaven. It comes in small or regular bowls with a choice of meat or veggie toppings and a side of pita bread. Other branches can be found in Holborn ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 37-63 Southampton Row, W1; h11am-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-5pm Sat; W v; tHolborn), Cheapside ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 128 Cheapside, EC2; h7.30am-9pm Mon-Thu, to 4pm Fri; W v; tSt Paul's) or Exmouth Market ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 62 Exmouth Market; h8am-9pm Mon-Sat; W v). Fernandez & WellsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fernandezandwells.com; 73 Beak St, W1; dishes £4.50-6; h7.30am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat & Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) One of four central London branches of Fernandez & Wells, each occupying small, friendly and elegant spaces. Both the cafe and the espresso bar do sandwiches and first-rate coffee. MildredsVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mildreds.co.uk; 45 Lexington St, W1; mains £8-10.50; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat; W v; tOxford Circus, Piccadilly Circus) Ceaselessly busy, long-standing Mildred's seduces all manner of vegetarians, omnivores and detoxers, so don't be shy about sharing a table in the sky-lit dining room. Vegan and gluten-free options available. Baozi InnCHINESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 25 Newport Ct, WC2; mains £5-7.50; hnoon-10.30pm; tLeicester Sq) Decorated vintage-style with kitsch communist pop, Baozi Inn serves authentic Beijing- and Chengdu-style street food, such as piquant _dan dan_ noodles (a Sìchuan staple) and _baozi_ (steamed buns with stuffing), handmade daily. oBrasserie ZédelFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7734 4888; www.brasseriezedel.com; 20 Sherwood St, W1; mains £8.75-30; h11.30am-midnight Mon-Sat, to 11pm Sun; W; tPiccadilly Circus) This triumphant basement brasserie in the grandly renovated art-deco ballroom of a former Piccadilly hotel offers excellent value set menus (£8.95/11.75 for two/three courses) and _plats du jour_ (£12.95), all in a terrific setting. Great Queen StreetBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7242 0622; 32 Great Queen St, WC2; mains £12-16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-10.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm Sun; tHolborn) The menu at what is one of Covent Garden's best places to eat is seasonal (and changes daily), with an emphasis on quality, hearty dishes and good ingredients – with perennial delicious stews, roasts and simple fish dishes. The atmosphere is lively, with a small bar tucked below. Booking is essential. National Dining RoomsBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7747 2525; www.peytonandbyrne.co.uk; 1st fl, Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, Trafalgar Sq, WC2; mains £15.50-20.50; h10am-5.30pm Sat-Thu, to 8.30pm Fri; tCharing Cross) It's fitting that this acclaimed restaurant should celebrate British food, being in the National Gallery and overlooking Trafalgar Sq. For a much cheaper option with the same views, ambience, quality produce and excellent service, try a salad, pie or tart at the adjoining bakery. Bocca di LupoITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7734 2223; www.boccadilupo.com; 12 Archer St, W1; mains £8-27.50; h12.30-3.45pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Sat, to 9pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) Hidden on a dark Soho backstreet, Bocca radiates elegant sophistication, setting taste buds a quiver with a mouth-watering menu spanning Italy's culinary regions. BarrafinaSPANISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7813 8016; www.barrafina.co.uk; 54 Frith St, W1; tapas £5-18.50; hnoon-3pm & 5-11pm Mon-Sat, 1-3.30pm & 5.30-10pm Sun; tTottenham Court Road) The tapas here (bar seating) may not be as good value as in Spain, but they're standout. No reservations, so prepare to queue. There is a second branch newly opened in Covent Garden ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 10 Adelaide St, WC2). CanelaPORTUGUESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.canelacafe.com; 33 Earlham St, WC2; mains £9-13; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 9pm Sun; W; tCovent Garden) This sweet Covent Garden cafe flings together a tempting range of Portuguese and Brazilian dishes, including _feijoada_ (bean stew with smoked meat) and _pão de queijo_ (bread and cheese roll). Great for satiating pre-theatre munchies. Bar ShuCHINESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7287 6688; www.barshurestaurant.co.uk; 28 Frith St, W1; mains £10-31; hnoon-11pm; tPiccadilly Circus, Leicester Sq) Authentic Sìchuan food long eluded the sweet-toothed Cantonese chefs of Chinatown, but Bar Shu hits all the right _mala_ (numb-spicy) notes with dishes steeped in smoked chillies and the crucial aromatic peppercorn ( _hua jiao_ ). Pitt Cue CoBARBECUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pittcue.co.uk; 1 Newburgh St, W1; mains £11.50-16.50; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; tOxford Circus) With only 30 seats jammed into this titchy upstairs-bar, downstairs-dining room affair, prepare to line up (no reservations) for a table and tin trays loaded with slow-cooked meats (pulled pork, beef ribs), classic American BBQ-style. Tuck your elbows in and enjoy. Hawksmoor Seven DialsSTEAKHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7420 9390; www.thehawksmoor.co.uk; 11 Langley St, WC2; steak £20-34, 2-/3-course express menu £23/26; hnoon-3pm & 5-10.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-9.30pm Sun; W; tCovent Garden) S Legendary among London carnivores for its mouth-watering and flavour-rich steaks from British cattle breeds, Hawksmoor's sumptuous Sunday roasts, burgers and well-executed cocktails are other show-stoppers. Book ahead. ArbutusMODERN EUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7734 4545; www.arbutusrestaurant.co.uk; 63-64 Frith St, W1; mains £18-20; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm & 5.30-10.30pm Sun; W; tTottenham Court Rd) With seasonal produce and inventive dishes, Anthony Demetre's Michelin-starred brainchild is a winner. The well-priced 'working lunch' menu at £17.95 for two courses and £19.95 for three is a bargain. Bookings crucial. #### The City You'll be sorely dismayed if you've got an empty belly on a Sunday morning in the City. Even during the busy weekdays, the chain eateries are often your best option. Café BelowCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7329 0789; www.cafebelow.co.uk; St Mary-le-Bow Church, Cheapside, EC2; mains £8.75-10.50; h7.30am-2.30pm Mon-Fri; v; tMansion House) This atmospheric cafe-restaurant, in the crypt of one of London's most famous churches, is breakfast and lunch only these days, but offers excellent value, with many vegetarian choices. In summer tables go outside in the shady courtyard. Duck & WaffleBRASSERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-3640 7310; www.duckandwaffle.com; 40th fl, Heron Tower, 110 Bishopsgate, EC2; mains £7-32; h24hr; tLiverpool St) The highest restaurant in the UK matches a thoroughly smart (no sportswear, beachwear or flip-flops) and modern perch on the 40th floor of the Heron Tower and a confident British menu (small plates to encourage sharing) – plus waffles – with wrap-around views and round-the-clock hours. Sweeting'sSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7248 3062; www.sweetingsrestaurant.com; 39 Queen Victoria St, EC4; mains £15-45; h11.30am-3pm Mon-Fri; tMansion House) S Hauling in diners since 1889, Sweetings is a massively popular fixture, serving delicious and sustainably sourced fish (grilled, fried or poached), fried whitebait, dover sole and the outstanding chef's fish pie (£15). #### South Bank Popular restaurants feast on iconic riverside views, but cast your net wider and gems crop up everywhere. For a feed with a local feel, head to Borough Market or Bermondsey St. M ManzeBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.manze.co.uk; 87 Tower Bridge Rd, SE1; mains £2.40-6.25; h11am-2pm Mon-Thu, 10am-2.30pm Fri & Sat; tBorough) Dating to 1902, classic M Manze (Italian roots) began as an ice-cream seller before moving into pie territory. There's lovely tile work and a traditional London working-man's menu: pie and mash, pie and liquor (parsley sauce); take your eels jellied or stewed. oSkylonMODERN EUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7654 7800; www.skylon-restaurant.co.uk; 3rd fl, Royal Festival Hall, Southbank Centre, Belvedere Rd, SE1; grill mains £12.50-30, restaurant 2-/3-course £42/48; hgrill noon-11pm, restaurant noon-2.30pm & 5.30-10.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; W; tWaterloo) This good-looker atop the Royal Festival Hall divides into grill and fine-dining sections. Design is cutting-edge 1950s, with floor-to-ceiling windows rewarding diners with Thames and the City views. Weekday two-/three-course lunches are a tempting £18/21 in the grill. Booking is advised, especially for the restaurant. Dress smart casual (no sportswear). MagdalenMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7403 1342; www.magdalenrestaurant.co.uk; 152 Tooley St, SE1; mains £14.50-21, 2-/3-course lunch £15.50/18.50; hnoon-2.30pm Mon-Fri & 6.30-10pm Mon-Sat; W; tLondon Bridge) A diamond in the Tooley St rough, Magdalen hits the spot for anyone eager to corner some of London's best Modern British fare. With a focus on charcuterie, lovingly cooked and presented, it's not the place to bring a vegetarian or a weight-conscious waif on a date. #### Belgravia oPimlico FreshCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 86 Wilton Road, SW1; mains from £6; h7.30am-7.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat & Sun; tVictoria) A wholesome choice for a healthy breakfast or lunch, this friendly two-room cafe cooks up fine homemade dishes from pies, soups, baked beans on toast and lasagne to warming bowls of porridge laced with honey, maple syrup, banana, yoghurt or sultanas, while making regular forays into creative cuisine. #### Knightsbridge oDinner by Heston BlumenthalMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7201 3833; www.dinnerbyheston.com; Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, 66 Knightsbridge, SW1; 3-course set lunch £38, mains £28-42; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-10.30pm; W; tKnightsbridge) Double Michelin-star Dinner is a gastronomic tour de force, taking diners on a journey through British culinary history (with inventive modern inflections). Dishes carry dates to convey historical context – the cod in cider (c 1940) is a joy – but unless you order the set lunch (Monday to Friday), your bill may rapidly spiral out of control. Book ahead. ZumaJAPANESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7584 1010; www.zumarestaurant.com; 5 Raphael St, SW7; mains £15-75; hnoon-2.30pm Mon-Fri, 12.30-3.30pm Sat & Sun, 6-11pm daily; W; tKnightsbridge) A modern-day take on the traditional Japanese _izakaya,_ where drinking and eating harmonise, Zuma oozes style, but it's the excellent sushi, sashimi and _robata_ (char-grilled) dishes that steal the show. Sake fiends will find more than 40 different types of their favourite tipple at the bar. #### Chelsea & Kensington These highbrow neighbourhoods harbour some of London's very best (and priciest) restaurants. WasabiJAPANESE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wasabi.uk.com; Kensington Arcade, Kensington High St, W8; mains £5-8; h10am-10pm Mon-Sat, 11am-9pm Sun; tHigh St Kensington) Large, bright sit-down and take-out branch of this superb Japanese sushi and bento chain, with delicious rice sets, noodles, rolls and salads, all good value and perfect for a fast lunch. Branches dot central London. oFive FieldsMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7838 1082; www.fivefieldsrestaurant.com; 8-9 Blacklands Terrace, SW3; 3-course set meal £50; h6.30-10pm Tue-Sat; W; tSloane Square) The inventive British cuisine, consummate service and enticingly light and inviting decor at this triumphant Chelsea restaurant has won an immediate fan base, but plan early to get a seat. oMedlarMODERN EUROPEAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7349 1900; www.medlarrestaurant.co.uk; 438 King's Rd, SW10; 3-course lunch £27-30, dinner £35-45; hnoon-3pm & 6.30-10.30pm; W; tSouth Kensington, Fulham Broadway, Sloane Sq) With its uncontrived yet crisply modern green-on-grey design, immaculate, Michelin star–rated Medlar has quickly become a King's Rd sensation. With no à la carte menu and scant pretentiousness, the prix fixe modern European cuisine is delightfully assured, with kitchen magic cooked up by chef Joe Mercer Nairne (from Chez Bruce). Gordon RamsayFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7352 4441; www.gordonramsay.com; 68 Royal Hospital Rd, SW3; 3-course lunch/dinner £55/95; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-11pm Mon-Fri; tSloane Sq) One of Britain's finest restaurants and London's longest-running with three coveted Michelin stars, you'll need to book ahead and hop into your best togs: jeans and T-shirts don't get past the door. And if you've seen the chef in action, you'll know not to argue. #### Notting Hill, Shepherd's Bush & Hammersmith Notting Hill teems with good places to eat, from cheap takeaways to atmospheric pubs and restaurants worthy of the fine-dining tag. Shepherd's Bush and Hammersmith to the west pitch in with some fine contenders. TaqueríaMEXICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.taqueria.co.uk; 139-143 Westbourne Grove; tacos £5-7.50; hnoon-11pm Mon-Fri, 10am-11.30pm Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; W; tNotting Hill Gate) S Its sustainable credentials as exacting and appealing as its authentic soft-corn, freshly made tortillas, this place instantly elbows other Mexican restaurants into the Tex-Mex shade. Fish is all sustainably sourced and the pork, chicken and eggs come free range. Great mezcal and tequila menu, too. Electric DinerAMERICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.electricdiner.com; 191 Portobello Rd, W11; mains from £8-19; h8am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri-Sun; W; tLadbroke Grove) A kitchen fire saw last orders for the Electric Brasserie, prompting redesign as a slender American-style diner with long counter, red-leather booths and a satisying French-American menu of breakfasts, burgers, steak frites and hot dogs. oLedburyFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7792 9090; www.theledbury.com; 127 Ledbury Rd, W11; 4-course set lunch £45, 4-course dinner £90; hnoon-2pm Wed-Sun & 6.30-9.45pm daily; W; tWestbourne Park, Notting Hill Gate) Two Michelin stars and swooningly elegant, Brett Graham's artful French restaurant attracts well-heeled diners in jeans with designer jackets. Dishes – such as roast sea bass with broccoli stem, crab and black quinoa, or saddle of roe deer with beetroot, pinot lees and bone crisp potato – are triumphant. London gastronomes have Ledbury on speed-dial, so reservations are crucial. #### WORTH A TRIP ### HAMMERSMITH & SHEPHERD'S BUSH Well within reach of Notting Hill, Hammersmith and Shepherd's Bush are well worth a detour for their eclectic restaurants and pubs. PotliINDIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.potli.co.uk; 319-321 King St, W6; weekday 1-/2-course set lunch £6.95/9.95, mains £6.50-13.50; hnoon-2.45pm & 6-10.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; tStamford Brook, Ravenscourt Park) With its Bollywood posters, scattered pieces from Mumbai's Thieves Market, Indian market kitchen/bazaar cuisine, homemade pickles and spice mixes, and accent on genuine flavour, Potli deftly captures the aromas of its culinary home. Downstairs there's an open kitchen and service is very friendly, but it's the alluring menu that's the real crowd-pleaser. Kerbisher & MaltFISH & CHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kerbisher.co.uk; 164 Shepherd's Bush Rd, W6; mains £5.80-6.90; hnoon-2.30pm & 4.30-10pm Tue-Thu, noon-10pm Fri & Sat, to 9pm Sun; tHammersmith) S The sustainably sourced, delectable, battered-or-grilled coley, haddock, pollock, cod and plaice at popular, blue-fronted Kerbisher & Malt has won over shoals of approving fish fans. The chip butties, crispy servings of whitebait and tasty double-fried chips merit equal applause. DovePUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-8748 9474; www.dovehammersmith.co.uk; 19 Upper Mall, W6; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; tHammersmith, Ravenscourt Park) Severely inundated by the epic floodwaters of 1928, this gem of a 17th-century Fuller's pub revels in historic charm and superb Thames views. Scottish poet James Thompson was reputedly inspired to write the lyrics to 'Rule Britannia' here in the 18th century, it was Graham Greene's local, and Hemingway and Dylan Thomas drank here, too, while William Morris lived nearby. #### Marylebone You won't go too far wrong planting yourself on a table anywhere along Marylebone's charming High St. La FromagerieCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lafromagerie.co.uk; 2-6 Moxon St, W1; mains £7-16.50; h8am-7.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 10am-6pm Sun; tBaker St) This deli-cafe has bowls of delectable salads, antipasto, peppers and beans scattered about the long communal table. Huge slabs of bread invite you to tuck in, and all the while the heavenly waft from the cheese room beckons. Locanda LocatelliITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7935 9088; www.locandalocatelli.com; 8 Seymour St, W1; mains from £13.50; hnoon-3pm daily, 6.45-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.15pm Sun; W; tMarble Arch) Known for its sublime but pricey pasta dishes, this dark but quietly glamorous restaurant in an otherwise unremarkable hotel is one of London's hottest tables. Providores & Tapa RoomFUSION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7935 6175; www.theprovidores.co.uk; 109 Marylebone High St, W1; 2-/3-/4-/5-course dinner £33/47/57/63; h9am-10.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-10pm Sat & Sun; W; tBaker St) New Zealand's most distinctive culinary export since kiwi fruit, chef Peter Gordon works his fusion magic here, matching his creations with NZ wines. Downstairs, in a cute play on words, the Tapa Room (as in the Polynesian bark-cloth) serves sophisticated tapas, along with excellent breakfasts. #### Bloomsbury & St Pancras Diwana Bhel Poori HouseINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 121-123 Drummond St, NW1; mains £7-9; hnoon-11.30pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; v; tEuston, Euston Sq) This ace Indian vegetarian eatery specialises in _bhel poori_ (sweet-and-sour, soft and crunchy 'party mix' snacks), dosas (filled rice-flour pancakes), thali and the all-you-can-eat, lunchtime buffet (£6.95) is a legendary blowout. CaravanMEDITERRANEAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7101 7661; www.caravankingscross.co.uk; Granary Bldg, 1 Granary Sq, N1C; mains £7-15; h8am-10.30pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri, 10am-midnight Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; W v; tKing's Cross St Pancras) In the freshly renovated Granary Building by the eye-catching piazza of Granary Sq alongside Regent's Canal, Caravan is a vast, tasty and trendy (industrial chic) stop for fusion Mediterranean cuisine. Book ahead. North Sea Fish RestaurantFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.northseafishrestaurant.co.uk; 7-8 Leigh St, WC1; mains £10-20; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Sat, 1-6pm Sun; tRussell Sq) Every day is fryday at the North Sea, a classic chippie for eat-in or takeaway with jumbo-sized plaice or halibut steaks, deep-fried or grilled, and lashings of chips. #### Fitzrovia Tucked away behind busy Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia's Charlotte and Goodge Sts form one of central London's most vibrant eating precincts. DabbousMODERN EUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7323 1544; www.dabbous.co.uk; 39 Whitfield St, W1; mains £12-16; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-11.30pm Tue-Sat; tGoodge St) You'll need to book ahead for dinner or come for lunch (four courses £28) at this creation from Ollie Dabbous. The rather stark and pared down ambience may not suit all tastes, but it's offset by an inventive menu stuffed with surprises and ideas; the basement cocktail bar is just the place for a pre-meal libation. oLimaSOUTH AMERICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-3002 2640; www.limalondon.com; 31 Rathbone Place, W1; mains £10-29; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-10.30pm Mon-Sat; W; tTottenham Court Rd) Sublimely zestful Peruvian flavours percolate at the heart of this neat and unassuming Fitzrovia restaurant. The stunningly presented cuisine has pulled a Michelin star and helpful staff take pride in their work. Hakkasan Hanway PlaceCHINESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7927 7000; www.hakkasan.com; 8 Hanway Place, W1; mains £11-100; hnoon-3pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun, 5.30-11pm Sun-Wed, to 12.15am Thu-Sat; W; tTottenham Court Rd) Michelin-starred Hakkasan elegantly pairs fine Chinese dining with stunning design and some persuasive cocktail chemistry. The low-lighting hits all the right romantic notes and the expansive menu runs from _Szechuan mabo tofu_ to grilled Shanghai dumplings, Peking duck and beyond. ### CHAIN-CHAIN-CHAIN, CHAIN OF FOODS Among the endless Caffe Neros and Pret a Mangers are some fab fallback options. Here are some of the best: **Konditor & Cook** (www.konditorandcook.com) London's best bakery chain, serving excellent cakes, pastries, bread and coffee. **Jamie's Italian** (www.jamieoliver.com) Good Italian food in a modern setting. **Masala Zone** (www.masalazone.com) Fantastic Indian chain specialising in thalis (a meal made of several small dishes). **Nando's** (www.nandos.co.uk) Loved by Londoners for fantastic value, mouthwatering spicy chicken _a la portuguesa_ – with some blindingly hot peri-peri sauces. **Pizza Express** (www.pizzaexpress.com) Excellent pizza, neat ambience and standout locations across London. **Wagamama** (www.wagamama.com) Japanese noodles taking over the world from their London base. **Wahaca** (www.wahaca.com) Working the Mexican street-food angle in fresh, colourful settings. **Wasabi** (www.wasabi.uk.com) Cooking up a Japanese storm down the high street. **Zizzi** (www.zizzi.co.uk) Wood-fired pizza. #### Camden Town Camden is great for cheap eats, while neighbouring Chalk Farm and Primrose Hill are salted with gastropubs and upmarket restaurants. Camden Town 1Sights 1Camden MarketC3 5Eating 2Mango RoomD3 6Drinking & Nightlife 3Lock TavernB2 3Entertainment 4BarflyB2 5Dublin CastleC4 6RoundhouseA2 7Shopping 7Camden Lock MarketC2 8Stables MarketB2 Dirty BurgerBURGERS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eatdirtyburger.com; 79 Highgate Rd, NW5; burgers £5.50; h5pm-midnight Mon-Fri, noon-midnight Sat, noon-10pm Sun; dGospel Oak, tKentish Town) More chic shack than restaurant, Dirty Burger is all about burgers (beyond sausages and bacon till 11am) and crinkle-cut fries. And what burgers: thick, juicy and messy, with mustard, gherkin and cheese. The shakes are good, too. Mango RoomCARIBBEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7482 5065; www.mangoroom.co.uk; 10-12 Kentish Town Rd, NW1; mains £8-15; hnoon-11pm; tCamden Town) Mango Room is an upmarket Caribbean experience serving a mix of modern and trad­itional dishes – Creole snapper, goat curry, jerk chicken – set to ska and reggae beats. #### Islington Allow at least an evening to explore Islington's Upper St, along with the lanes leading off it. TrulloITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7226 2733; www.trullorestaurant.com; 300-302 St Paul's Rd, N1; mains £8.50-16, 2-/3-course lunch £15/19; h12.30-3pm daily, 6-10.30pm Mon-Sat; tHighbury & Islington) Alongside fine service, the big plus here is an enjoyable variety beyond pasta or pizza. There are some exquisite pasta dishes, for sure, but the star attraction is the charcoal grill, which churns out succulent T-bone steaks or tasty pork chops with baked borlotti beans or polenta. Bookings essential. Le MercuryFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7354 4088; www.lemercury.co.uk; 140a Upper St, N1; mains £9.95; hnoon-1am Mon-Sat, to 11pm Sun; tHighbury & Islington, Angel) A cosy Gallic haunt ideal for cash-strapped Casanovas, given that it appears much more expensive than it is. Sunday lunch by the open fire upstairs is a treat, though you'll have to book. There's another branch up the road at Le Mercury Deuxieme ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lemercury.co.uk; 154-155 Upper St, N1; mains £9.95; h5pm-midnight Mon-Thu, noon-midnight Fri & Sat, noon-11pm Sun; tHighbury & Islington). OttolenghiBAKERY, MEDITERRANEAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7288 1454; www.ottolenghi.co.uk; 287 Upper St, N1; mains £9-12; h8am-11pm Mon-Sat, 9am-7pm Sun; v; tHighbury & Islington, Angel) Mountains of mer­ingues tempt you through the door, where a sumptuous array of bakery treats and salads greets you. Meals are as light and tasty as the lovely white interior design. Vege­tarians are well catered for. There are further branches in Belgravia ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 13 Motcomb St, SW1; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, to 7pm Sat, 9am-6pm Sun; tKnightsbridge), Kensington ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 Holland St, W8; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, to 7pm Sat, 9am-6pm Sun ; tHigh St Kensington) and Notting Hill ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 63 Ledbury Rd , W11; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, to 7pm Sat, 8.30am-6pm Sun; tNotting Hill Gate). #### Clerkenwell & Farringdon Clerkenwell's hidden gems are well worth digging for. Pedestrianised Exmouth Market is a good place to start. Little BayEUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7278 1234; www.little-bay.co.uk; 171 Farringdon Rd, EC1; mains before/after 7pm £6.45/8.45; tFarringdon) The crushed-velvet ceiling, handmade twisted lamps that improve around the room (as the artist got better) and elaborately painted bar and tables showing frolicking nymphs are weird but fun. The hearty food is very good value. Prufrock CoffeeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.prufrockcoffee.com; 23-25 Leather Lane, EC1; mains £5.50-9.50; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun; W; tChancery Lane, Farringdon) Coffee-holics and caffeine geeks must trek to Clerkenwell for some of the finest brews in town, served by a talented line-up of staff in an inviting and light-filled space, with practice sessions and classes for baristas-to-be. MoritoTAPAS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7278 7007; www.morito.co.uk; 32 Exmouth Market, EC1; tapas £4.50-9.50; hnoon-4pm daily, 5-11pm Mon-Sat; W; tFarringdon or Angel) This titchy venue is an authentic take on a Spanish tapas bar. Seats are at the bar, along the window, or on one of the small tables inside or out. It's relaxed, convivial and often completely crammed. The food is excellent; you can book at lunch, but not in the evening. St JohnBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7251 0848; www.stjohnrestaurant.com; 26 St John St, EC1; mains £17-23; hnoon-3pm & 6-11pm Mon-Sat, 1-3pm Sun; tFarringdon) Bright whitewashed brick walls, high ceilings and simple wooden furniture keep diners free to concentrate on the world-famous nose-to-tail offerings. Expect chitterlings and ox tongue. Modern PantryFUSION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7553 9210; www.themodernpantry.co.uk; 47-48 St John's Sq, EC1; mains £14-21.50; hnoon-3pm Tue-Fri, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun, 6-10.30pm Tue-Sat; W; tFarringdon) One of London's most talked-about eateries, this three-floor Georgian townhouse in the heart of Clerkenwell has a cracking innovative, all-day menu. #### Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields From the hit-and-miss Bangladeshi restaurants of Brick Lane to the Vietnamese strip on Kingsland Rd, and the Jewish, Spanish, French, Italian and Greek eateries in between, the East End's cuisine is as multicultural as its residents. Sông Quê CaféVIETNAMESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.songque.co.uk; 134 Kingsland Rd, E2; mains £6-9; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Fri, noon-11pm Sat & Sun; tHoxton) Arrive after 7.30pm and you can expect to queue: this humble eatery is one of the best Vietnamese restaurants in London and you'll be shunted out shortly after your last bite. Brick Lane Beigel BakeBAGELS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 159 Brick Lane, E2; bagels £1-4; h24hr; tShoreditch High St, Liverpool St) Always busy, this relic of London's Jewish East End is more takeaway than cafe and sells dirt-cheap bagels, a top late-night snack on a bellyful of booze. PoppiesFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.poppiesfishandchips.co.uk; 6-8 Hanbury St, E1; mains £7-16; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to 11.30pm Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; W; tShoreditch High St, Liverpool St) Frying since 1945, this fantastic Spitalfields chippie is a retro delight, a throwback to the 1950s with iconic jukebox, wall-to-wall memorabilia, waitresses in pinnies and hairnets and classic fish and chips (plus jellied eels). AlbionBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7729 1051; www.albioncaff.co.uk; 2-4 Boundary St, E2; mains £9-13; h8am-11pm; W; tOld St) For those wanting to be taken back to Dear Old Blighty's cuis­ine, but with rather less grease and stodge, this self-consciously retro 'caff' serves up top-quality bangers and mash, steak-and-kidney pies, devilled kidneys and, of course, fish and chips. #### The East End FormansBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-8525 2365; www.formans.co.uk; Stour Rd, Fish Island, E3; mains £11.50-19.50; h7-11pm Thu & Fri, 10am-2pm & 7-11pm Sat, noon-5pm Sun; W; tHackney) Curing fish since 1905, riverside Formans boasts prime views over the Olympic stadium alongside a delectable choice of smoked salmon (including the signature London cure) and seafood, plus a choice of other mouthwatering British dishes. A viewing gallery into the smokery and a lounge bar rounds out an attractive picture. 6Drinking & Nightlife As long as there's been a city, Londoners have loved to drink – and, as history shows, often immoderately. The pub is the hub of social life and, despite depleting numbers, there's always one near at hand. When the sun shines, drinkers spill out into the streets, parks and squares. Boho Soho is undoubtedly the heart of bar culture, with enough variety to cater to all tastes. Still great for grungy boozers and rock kids, Camden has lost ground on the bohemian-cool front to Hoxton and Shoreditch. Neighbourhoods such as Clerkenwell, Islington, Southwark, Notting Hill and Earl's Court are bursting at their beer-addled seams with pub-crawl potential. Mirroring its worker-base, the City is a Monday to Friday spot and several of its historic pubs shut up shop at weekends or on Sundays. South London has some fine historic haunts near the river. The price of beer in pubs is enough to drive you to drink – expect to pay upwards of £3.25 per pint of lager. The volume and variety of nightclubs in London is staggering. Megaclubs are scattered throughout town wherever there's a venue big enough, cheap enough or quirky enough. The big nights are Friday and Saturday, although some of the most cutting-edge sessions are midweek. Admission prices vary widely; it's often cheaper to arrive early or prebook tickets. #### West End oGordon's Wine BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gordonswinebar.com; 47 Villiers St, WC2; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10pm Sun; tEmbankment) What's not to love about this cavernous, candlelit wine cellar that's been practically unchanged for the last 120 years? Get here before the office crowd (generally around 6pm) or forget about getting a table. OpiumCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7734 7276; www.opiumchinatown.com; 15-16 Gerrard St, W1; h5pm-midnight Mon-Wed, to 2am Thu-Sat, noon-midnight Sun) Towering above Chinatown's main drag, this self-proclaimed 'cocktail and dim sum parlour' could easily pass as an opium den-cum-brothel, with a jade-coloured door leading to a scarlet-drenched interior and byzantine cocktails. SpuntinoBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spuntino.co.uk; 61 Rupert St, W1; mains £6-10; hnoon-midnight Mon-Wed, to 1am Thu-Sat, to 11pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) Speakeasy decor meets creative fusion American–Italian food at Rupert St cool customer Spuntino. Grab a seat at the bar or one of the counters at the back, but put aside time to queue (no reservations and no phone). French HouseBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.frenchhousesoho.com; 49 Dean St, W1; hnoon-11pm; tLeicester Sq) French House is Soho's legendary boho boozer with a history to match: the meeting place of the Free French Forces during WWII, De Gaulle is said to have knocked back shots here, while Dylan Thomas, Peter O'Toole, Brendan Behan and Francis Bacon all conspired to drink the place dry. The no-mobile phones, no-music and no-TV ruling only amplifies the mystique. Princess LouisePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 208 High Holborn, WC1; h11.30am-11pm; tHolborn) This late 19th-century Victorian boozer is arguably London's most beautiful pub. Spectacularly decorated with fine tiles, etched mirrors, plasterwork and a gorgeous central horseshoe bar, it gets packed with the after-work crowd. TerroirsWINE BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.terroirswinebar.com; 5 William IV St, WC2; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat; tCharing Cross Road) Fab two-floor spot for a pre- or post-theatre glass or some expertly created charcuterie, with informative staff, affordable £10 lunch specials, a convivial atmosphere and a breathtaking list of organic wines. Lamb & FlagPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lambandflagcoventgarden.co.uk; 33 Rose St, WC2; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; tCovent Garden) Everyone's Covent Garden 'find', this historic pub is often as jammed with punters as it is packed with history. Built in 1623 and formerly called the 'Bucket of Blood', inside it's all brass fittings and creaky wooden floors. Galvin at WindowsBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.galvinatwindows.com; London Hilton on Park Lane, 28th fl, 22 Park Lane, W1; h11am-1am Mon-Wed, to 3am Thu-Sat, to 11pm Sun; tHyde Park Corner) Be stunned by both the views and the cocktail prices at this 28th-floor eyrie at the Hilton, overlooking Hyde Park. LAB COCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7437 7820; www.labbaruk.com; 12 Old Compton St, W1; h4pm-midnight Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; tLeicester Sq, Tottenham Court Rd) The decor of the London Academy of Bartending has been left behind, but a frisson of creativity runs through the cocktail menu and LAB's mixologists can have your tastebuds singing. #### The City oVertigo 42BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7877 7842; www.vertigo42.co.uk; Tower 42, 25 Old Broad St, EC2; hnoon-3.45pm Mon-Fri & 5-11pm Mon-Sat; tLiverpool St) Book a two-hour slot in this 42nd-floor champagne bar (no shorts, caps or flip-flops) with vertiginous views across London from the former National Westminster Tower. Reservations only. MadisonCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.madisonlondon.net; Roof Terrace, One New Change, EC4; h10am-midnight Mon-Sat, to 8pm Sun; tSt Paul's) Perched atop One New Change with a full-frontal view of St Paul's and beyond, Madison offers one of the largest public open-air roof terraces you'll ever encounter. There's a full restaurant on one side and a cocktail bar with outdoor seating on the other. Ye Olde Cheshire CheesePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Wine Office Court, 145 Fleet St, EC4; h11am-11pm Mon-Fri, noon-11pm Sat; tChancery Lane) Rebuilt six years after the Great Fire, this hoary pub was popular with Dr Johnson, Thackeray, Dickens and the visiting Mark Twain. Touristy but always atmospheric and enjoyable for a pub meal. #### South Bank oRakePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %20 7407 0557; www.uttobeer.co.uk; 14 Winchester Walk, SE1; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10pm Sun; tLondon Bridge) The resourceful Rake crams a range of over 100 beers, bitters and real ales into pea-sized premises. There's valuable elbow space on the bamboo-decorated decking outside. George InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %20 7407 2056; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/george-inn; 77 Borough High St, SE1 1NH; h11am-11pm; tLondon Bridge) This glorious old boozer is London's last surviving galleried coaching inn, dating from 1676 and now a National Trust property. Getting a mention in Dickens' _Little Dorrit,_ it also stands on the site of the Tabard Inn, where the pilgrims in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_ gathered before legging it to Canterbury. Ministry of SoundCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ministryofsound.com; 103 Gaunt St, SE1; admission £16-25; h11pm-6.30am Fri & Sat; tElephant & Castle) Where the global brand started, it's London's most famous club and still packs in a diverse crew with big local and international names. ### GAY & LESBIAN LONDON The West End, particularly Soho, is the visible centre of gay and lesbian London, with venues clustered around Old Compton St and its surrounds. However, Soho doesn't hold a monopoly on gay life. Vauxhall is a hub for the hirsute, hefty and generally harder-edged sections of the community. The railway arches are filled with dance clubs, leather bars and a sauna. Clapham (South London), Earl's Court (West London), Islington (North London) and Limehouse (East End) have their own miniscenes. Generally, London is a safe place for lesbians and gays. It's rare to encounter any problem with sharing rooms or holding hands in the inner city, although it would pay to keep your wits about you at night and be conscious of your surroundings. Some venues to get you started include the following: * George & Dragon ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Hackney Rd, E2; h6-11pm; tOld St) Appealing corner pub where the crowd is often as eclectically furnished as the venue. * She Soho ( %0207 437 4303; www.she-soho.com; ​23a Old Compton St, W1D; h4-11.30pm Mon-Thu, to 12.30am Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; tLeicester Square) Soho Lesbian bar with DJs at weekends, comedy and live music. * Duke of Wellington ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 77 Wardour St, W1; hnoon-11pm Sun-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat; tLeicester Sq) Friendly hang-out for the 30-somethings (and above) gay set. * Edge ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edgesoho.co.uk; 11 Soho Sq, W1; h3pm-1am Mon-Thu, to 3am Fri & Sat, to 11.30pm Sun; tTottenham Court Rd) London's largest gay bar, hopping nightly across four floors. * Heaven ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.heavennightclub-london.com; Villiers St, WC2; h11pm-5am Mon, Thu & Fri, 10pm-5am Sat; tEmbankment, Charing Cross) Perennially popular gay club under the arches beneath Charing Cross station with fab club nights. * RVT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rvt.org.uk; 372 Kennington Lane, SE11; h7pm-midnight Mon, Wed & Thu, 6pm-midnight Tue, 9pm-2am Fri & Sat, 2pm-midnight Sun; tVauxhall) Much-loved pub with crazy cabaret and drag acts. Head under the arches from Vauxhall tube station onto Kennington Lane, where you'll see the tavern immediately to your left. * Two Brewers ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the2brewers.com; 114 Clapham High St, SW4; admission after 10pm £3-6; h4pm-2am Sun-Thu, to 4am Fri & Sat; tClapham Common) Popular bar with regular acts and a nightclub out the back. From the tube station, head north along Clapham High St (away from the common). * Village ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.village-soho.co.uk; 81 Wardour St, W1; h4pm-1am Mon-Sat, to 11.30pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) Glitzy gay bar with excellent, lengthy happy hours. #### Chelsea & Kensington oQueen's ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thequeensarmskensington.co.uk; 30 Queen's Gate Mews, SW7; hnoon-11pm; tGloucester Rd) Just around the corner from the Royal Albert Hall, this godsend of a blue-grey painted pub in an adorable cobbled mews setting off bustling Queen's Gate beckons with a cosy interior and a right royal selection of ales and ciders on tap. #### Bloomsbury & St Pancras oQueen's LarderPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.queenslarder.co.uk; 1 Queen Sq, WC1; h11.30am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; tRussell Sq) This small and supremely cosy pub in a gorgeous square gets its name from Queen Charlotte, wife of 'Mad' King George III, who rented part of the pub's cellar to store special foods for him while he was undergoing treatment nearby. Poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes married in the church opposite. Newman ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.newmanarms.co.uk; 23 Rathbone St, W1; hnoon-11.30pm Mon-Fri; tGoodge St) One of the few family-run pubs in central London, this tiny one-room affair with upstairs pie room packs a big history; George Orwell and Dylan Thomas drank here and a scene from Michael Powell's _Peeping Tom_ was filmed in the passageway alongside the pub in 1960. 69 Colebrooke RowCOCKTAIL BAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 69 Colebrooke Row, N1; h5pm-midnight Sun-Wed, to 1am Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat; tAngel) London cocktail lovers gravitate to this popular bar run by mixer-maestro Tony Conigliaro, but reserve ahead as seats go faster than a down-in-one. The seasonal drinks menu is steeped in ambitious flavours and blends, with classic drinks for less adventurous palates. Classes are also run in cocktail mixing (£40). Big Chill HouseDJ BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wearebigchill.com; 257-259 Pentonville Rd, N1; h9am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 3am Fri & Sat, 11am-midnight Sun; W; tKing's Cross St Pancras) Come the weekend, the only remotely chilled-out space in this busy bar, split over two levels, is its first-rate and generously proportioned rooftop terrace. Draft HouseBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.drafthouse.co.uk; 43 Goodge St, W1; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat; tGoodge Street) You can line your tummy with ace food, but Draft House is all about the beer choice it crams into its pint-sized premises. This is a public house for ale aficionados, where you can corner a Flying Dog Gonzo Imperial Porter or a head-spinning Samichlaus 14%. #### Notting Hill, Bayswater & Paddington oChurchill ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.churchillarmskensington.co.uk; 119 Kensington Church St, W8; h11am-11pm Mon-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; W; tNotting Hill Gate) Adorned with a gob-smacking array of flower baskets and Union Jacks, this magnificent old boozer is a London classic, famed for its atmosphere, Winston memorabilia, knick-knacks and attached conservatory serving fine Thai food (mains from £7.50). Windsor CastlePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thewindsorcastlekensington.co.uk; 114 Campden Hill Rd, W11; hnoon-11pm; W; tNotting Hill Gate) A fine pub with oak partitions separating the original bars at the crest of Campden Hill Rd. One of the loveliest walled gardens of any pub in London is tucked away through the side entrance. The bones of Thomas Paine ( _Rights of Man_ author) are rumoured to be in the cellar. Earl of LonsdalePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 277-281 Portobello Rd, W11; hnoon-11pm; tNotting Hill Gate, Ladbroke Grove) Named after the bon vivant founder of the AA (Automobile Association), the Earl is peaceful during the day, with a mixture of old biddies and young hipsters inhabiting the reintroduced snugs. There's a fab backroom with sofas, banquettes and open fires, and a fine beer garden. #### Marylebone PurlCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7935 0835; www.purl-london.com; 50-54 Blandford St, W1; h5-11.30pm; tBaker St, Bond St) Coined after an old English early morning drink of warm beer, gin, wormwood and spices, Purl is all low lighting, subterranean mellowness and some magnificently presented and unusual cocktails. If you're with a group, book an alcove table. On the musical menu is swing and jazz. Reserve ahead. ArtesianBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7636 1000; www.artesian-bar.co.uk; Langham Hotel, 1c Portland Pl, W1; h11am-2am Mon-Sat, to midnight Sun; tOxford Circus) For doses of colonial glamour with a touch of China, the sumptuous bar at the Langham hits the mark. Rum is the speciality here – award-winning cocktails (from £14) are concocted from the 60 varieties on offer. #### Camden Town Lock TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lock-tavern.com; 35 Chalk Farm Rd, NW1; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, to 11pm Sun; tChalk Farm) The archetypal Camden pub, the Lock has both a rooftop terrace and a beer garden and attracts an interesting crowd with its mix of ready conviviality and regular live music. #### Clerkenwell & Farringdon oJerusalem TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stpetersbrewery.co.uk; 55 Britton St, EC1; h11am-11pm Mon-Fri; W; tFarringdon) Pick a wood-panelled cubbyhole to park yourself in at this tiny 1720 coffee shop–turned-inn (named after the Priory of St John of Jerusalem) and select from St Peter's fantastic beers and ales, brewed in North Suffolk. FabricCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fabriclondon.com; 77a Charterhouse St, EC1; admission £8-18; h10pm-6am Fri, 11pm-8am Sat, 11pm-6am Sun; tFarringdon) Consistently rated by DJs as one of the world's greatest, Fabric's three dance floors occupy a converted meat cold-store opposite the Smithfield meat market. Friday's FabricLive offers drum and bass, breakbeat and hip hop, Saturdays see house, techno and electronica, while hedonistic Sundays are delivered by the Wetyourself crew. #### Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields oBrewDogBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7729 8476; www.brewdog.com; 51-55 Bethnal Green Rd, EC1; hnoon-midnight Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat; W; tShoreditch High St) Ale aficionados can migrate to this bar, which overflows with a seasoned and expertly selected choice of cask and bottled beers. There's a strong showing of microbrewery beers, including the Camden Town Brewery and the Redchurch Brewery. Book ClubBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7684 8618; www.wearetbc.com; 100 Leonard St, EC2A; h8am-midnight Mon-Wed, to 2am Thu & Fri, 10am-2am Sat & Sun; W; tOld St) A cerebral/creative vibe animates this fantastic one-time Victorian warehouse in Shoreditch that hosts cultural events (life drawing, workshops, dance lessons) and DJ nights to complement the drinking, enthusiastic ping-pong-playing and pool-playing shenanigans. Early birds can catch breakfast from 8am weekdays and food continues through the day. Ten BellsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; cnr Commercial & Fournier Sts, E1; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; tLiverpool St) The most famous Jack the Ripper pub, Ten Bells was patronised by his last victim before her grisly end, and possibly by the slayer himself. Plastic PeopleCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.plasticpeople.co.uk; 147-149 Curtain Rd, EC2; admission £5-10; h10pm-2am Thu, to 4am Fri & Sat; tOld St) Taking the directive 'underground club' literally, Plastic People provides a low-ceilinged subterranean den of dubsteppy, wonky, funky, no-frills fun times. XOYOCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.xoyo.co.uk; 32-37 Cowper St, EC2; hhours vary; tOld St) This excellent Shoreditch warehouse club throws together a pulsingly popular mix of gigs, club nights and art events. CargoCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cargo-london.com; 83 Rivington St, EC2; admission free-£16; hnoon-1am Mon-Thu, to 3am Fri & Sat, to midnight Sun; tOld St) A popular club with a courtyard where you can simultaneously enjoy big sounds and the great outdoors. Also hosts live bands. Happiness ForgetsCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7613 0325; www.happinessforgets.com; 8-9 Hoxton Sq, N1; h5.30-11pm; dHoxton, tOld St) Take the stairs down to this trendy basement nook where bar staff know their cocktails, and the seductive, subdued ambience hits all the right moody notes (short hours though). Worship St Whistling ShopCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7247 0015; www.whistlingshop.com; 63 Worship St, EC2; h5pm-midnight Tue, to 1am Wed & Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat; tOld St) This drinking den's busy master mixologists are content to visit the more unexplored outer regions of cocktail chemistry and aromatic science, concocted within the on-site lab and its rotary evaporators. Many ingredients are made in-house. Sager & WildeWINE BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sagerandwilde.com; 193 Hackney Rd, E2; h5-11pm Mon-Fri, 2-11pm Sat & Sun; W; tHoxton) Slightly beyond the Hoxton action along Hackney Rd, this fresh wine bar is a neat, unpretentious and good-looking addition to London drinking culture, with a modish bar bites menu, eye-catching iron- and glass-bricks bar counter and excellent wines by the glass and bottle. #### Greenwich Greenwich UnionPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greenwichunion.com; 56 Royal Hill, SE10; hnoon-11pm Mon-Fri, 11am-11pm Sat & Sun; dDLR Cutty Sark) The award-winning and handsome Greenwich Union peddles six or seven local microbrewery beers, including raspberry and wheat varieties, and a strong list of ales and bottled international brews. Sink into a distressed leather armchair or find space in the conservatory and beer garden at the rear. Cutty Sark TavernPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cuttysarktavern.co.uk; 4-6 Ballast Quay, SE10; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; dDLR Cutty Sark) Housed in a delightful bow-windowed, wood-beamed Georgian building facing the Thames, this historic gem has half a dozen cask-conditioned ales on tap, and riverside seating outside. #### Hampstead & Highgate Holly BushPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hollybushhampstead.co.uk; 22 Holly Mount, NW3; hnoon-11pm; tHampstead) Dating from the early 19th century, this beautiful pub has a secluded hilltop location, open fires in winter and a knack for making you stay a bit longer than you had intended. It's above Heath St, reached via the Holly Bush Steps. #### Outside Central London White CrossPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thewhitecrossrichmond.com; Water Lane, TW9; h10am-11pm; tRichmond) The riverside location and fine food and ales make this bay-windowed pub on the site of a former friary a winner. There are entrances for low and high tides, but when the river is at its highest, Cholmondeley Walk running along the Thames floods and the pub is out of bounds to those not willing to wade. Wellies are provided. Quirky detail: there's a tiny working fireplace _under_ the window on your right as you enter. 3Entertainment From West End luvvies to East End geezers, Londoners have always loved a spectacle. With bear-baiting and public executions long on the no-no list, they've fallen back on what London does well: some of the world's best theatre and live-music choices. For a comprehensive list of what to do on any given night, check out free weekly listings mag _Time Out_ and listings in the _Evening Standard_ and _Metro_. Theatre London is a world capital for theatre across the spectrum from mammoth musicals to thoughtful drama for the highbrow crowd. Blockbuster musicals run and run, with mindboggling longevity. _Les_ _Misérables_ and _Phantom of the Opera_ lead the pack, but the theatrical biscuit goes to Agatha Christie's _The Mousetrap,_ keeping audiences guessing since 1952. On performance days, you can buy half-price tickets for West End productions (cash only) from the official agency TKTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tkts.co.uk; Leicester Sq, WC2; h10am-7pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; tLeicester Sq) on the southern side of Leicester Sq. The booth is the one with the clocktower; beware of touts selling dodgy tickets. The term 'West End' – as with Broadway – generally refers to the big-money productions such as musicals, but also includes other heavyweights. Off West End – including venues such as Almeida and Young Vic – is where you'll generally find the most original works. National TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7452 3000; www.nationaltheatre.org.uk; South Bank, SE1; tWaterloo) Flagship South Bank venue with three theatres and excellent-value tickets for classic and contemporary productions. Royal Court TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7565 5000; www.royalcourttheatre.com; Sloane Sq, SW1; tSloane Sq) Progressive theatre and champion of new talent. Old VicTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 871 7628; www.oldvictheatre.com; The Cut, SE1; tWaterloo) Kevin Spacey continues his run as artistic director (and occasional performer) at this venue, which features classic, highbrow drama. Donmar WarehouseTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 871 7624; www.donmarwarehouse.com; 41 Earlham St, WC2; tCovent Garden) A 251-seat theatre that has forged itself a West End reputation. AlmeidaTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7359 4404; www.almeida.co.uk; Almeida St, N1; tHighbury & Islington) A plush Islington venue that can be relied on for an essential program of imaginative theatre. Young VicTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7922 2922; www.youngvic.org; 66 The Cut, SE1; tWaterloo, tSouthwark) One of the capital's most respected theatre troupes, the Young Vic stages winning performances. Live Music It goes without saying that London is a crucible of musical talent, with young bands gigging around venues citywide. oVortex Jazz ClubJAZZ ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.vortexjazz.co.uk; 11 Gillet St, N16; g73, dDalston Kingsland, Dalston Junction) Vortex has an outstanding program of musicians from the UK, US, Europe, Africa and beyond, and hosts jazz musicians, singers and songwriters. It's a small venue, so make sure you book if there is an act you particularly fancy. oO2 Academy BrixtonLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.o2academybrixton.co.uk; 211 Stockwell Rd, SW9; tBrixton) This Grade II–listed art-deco venue is always winning awards for 'best live venue' (something to do with the artfully sloped floor, perhaps) and hosts big-name acts in a relatively intimate setting (5000 capacity). KOKOLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.koko.uk.com; 1a Camden High St, NW1; h7-11pm Sun-Thu, to 4am Fri & Sat; tMornington Cres) Occupying the grand Camden Palace theatre, Koko hosts live bands most nights and the regular Club NME (New Musical Express; £5) on Friday. 12 Bar ClubLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.12barclub.com; Denmark St, WC2; admission £6-10; h7pm-3am Mon-Sat, to 12.30am Sun; tTottenham Court Rd) Small and intimate with a rough-and-ready feel, the 12 Bar is a favourite live-music venue, with anything from solo acts to bands performing nightly. The emphasis is on songwriting and the music is very much indie rock, with anything from folk and jazzy influences to full-on punk and metal sounds. Dublin CastleLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7485 1773; www.thedublincastle.com; 94 Parkway, NW1; tCamden Town) There's live punk or alternative music most nights in this pub's back room (cover usually £6). BarflyLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mamacolive.com/thebarfly; 49 Chalk Farm Rd, NW1; gigs from £8, club nights £3-5; h7pm-3am Mon-Sat, to midnight Sun; tChalk Farm) This grungy, indie-rock Camden venue hosts small-time artists looking for their big break. The Killers, Kasabian and Franz Ferdinand have all been on the billing. The lean is clearly towards rock from the US and UK, with alternative-music radio station Xfm hosting regular nights. Ronnie Scott'sJAZZ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7439 0747; www.ronniescotts.co.uk; 47 Frith St, W1; h6.30pm-3am Mon-Sat, to midnight Sun; tLeicester Sq, Tottenham Court Rd) London's legendary jazz club has been pulling in jazz titans since 1959. 100 ClubLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7636 0933; www.the100club.co.uk; 100 Oxford St, W1; admission £8-20; hcheck website for gig times; tOxford Circus, Tottenham Court Rd) Hosting live music for 70 years, this legendary London venue once showcased the Stones and was at the centre of the punk revolution. It now divides its time between jazz, rock and even a little classical and swing. 606 ClubBLUES, JAZZ ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7352 5953; www.606club.co.uk; 90 Lots Rd, SW10; music fee Sun-Thu £10, Fri & Sat £12; h7-11.15pm Sun-Thu, 8pm-12.30am Fri & Sat; tImperial Wharf) Named after its old address on the King's Road, this fantastic tucked-away basement jazz club and restaurant gives centre stage to contemporary British-based jazz musicians nightly. To consume alcohol you'll need to dine to meet some rather antique licensing requirements. There's no entry charge, but a music fee will go on your food/drink bill. Booking advised. The club is also open most Sundays from 12.30pm to 4.30pm. RoundhouseLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.roundhouse.org.uk; Chalk Farm Rd, NW1; tChalk Farm) Built in 1847 as a railway shed, Camden's Roundhouse has been an iconic concert venue since the 1960s (capacity 3300), hosting the likes of the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and The Clash. Theatre and comedy are also staged. Classical Music With four world-class symphony orchestras, two opera companies, various smaller ensembles, brilliant venues, reasonable prices and high standards of performance, London is a classical capital. Keep an eye out for the free (or nearly so) lunchtime concerts held in many of the city's churches. Royal Albert HallCONCERT VENUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7589 8212, 0845 401 5045; www.royalalberthall.com; Kensington Gore, SW7; tSouth Kensington) This landmark elliptical Victorian arena – classically based on a Roman ampitheatre – hosts classical concerts and contemporary artists, but is best known as the venue for the annual classical music festival, the Proms. BarbicanPERFORMING ARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7638 8891, 0845 121 6823; www.barbican.org.uk; Silk St, EC2; tBarbican) Home to the excellent London Symphony Orchestra (www.lso.co.uk), this famously hulking complex has a rich program of film, music, theatre, art and dance, including concerts. Southbank CentreCONCERT VENUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7960 4200; www.southbankcentre.co.uk; Belvedere Rd, SE1; tWaterloo) Home to the London Philharmonic Orchestra (www.lpo.co.uk), Sinfonietta (www.londonsinfonietta.org.uk) and the Philharmonia Orchestra (www.philharmonia.co.uk), among others, this centre hosts classical, opera, jazz and choral music in three premier venues: the **Royal Festival Hall** , the smaller **Queen Elizabeth Hall** and the **Purcell Room**. Opera & Dance Royal Opera HouseOPERA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7304 4000; www.roh.org.uk; Bow St, WC2; tickets £4-250; tCovent Garden) Covent Garden is synonymous with opera thanks to this world-famous venue, home of the **Royal Ballet** , Britain's premier classical ballet company. Backstage tours take place three times a day on weekdays and five times on Saturdays (£8.50 to £12, book ahead). Sadler's WellsDANCE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 412 4300; www.sadlerswells.com; Rosebery Ave, EC1; tickets £10-49; tAngel) A glittering modern venue that was, in fact, first established in the 17th century, Sadler's Wells has been given much credit for bringing modern dance to the mainstream. London ColiseumOPERA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7845 9300; www.eno.org; St Martin's Lane, WC2; tLeicester Sq) Home of the progressive English National Opera; the English National Ballet also performs here. Comedy When London's comics aren't being outrageously funny on TV, you might find them doing stand-up somewhere in your neighbourhood. Comedy StoreCOMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 871 7699; www.thecomedystore.co.uk; 1a Oxendon St, SW1; admission £16.50-26; tPiccadilly Circus) One of London's first comedy clubs, featuring the capital's most famous improvisers, the Comedy Store Players, on Wednesdays (8pm) and Sundays (7.30pm). Comedy CafeCOMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7739 5706; www.comedycafe.co.uk; 68 Rivington St, EC2; admission free-£12; hWed-Sat; tOld St) Have dinner and watch comedy; the free New Act Night on Wednesday is good for toe-curling entertainment. Soho TheatreCOMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7478 0100; www.sohotheatre.com; 21 Dean St, W1; £15-20; tTottenham Court Rd) This is where grown-up comedians graduate to once crowds start paying attention. Cinemas Glitzy premieres usually take place in one of the mega multiplexes in Leicester Sq. Electric CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7908 9696; www.electriccinema.co.uk; 191 Portobello Rd, W11; tickets £8-22.50; tLadbroke Grove) Getting Londoners buzzing since 1911, the Electric can help you grab a glass of wine from the bar, head to your leather sofa and snuggle down for a flick. BFI SouthbankCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020 7928 3232; www.bfi.org.uk; Belvedere Rd, SE1; tickets £8-12; h11am-11pm; tWaterloo) A film-lover's fantasy, screening some 2000 flicks a year, from classics to foreign art-house. There's also the Mediatheque viewing stations, for exploring the British Film Institute's extensive archive of movies and watching whatever you like for free. BFI IMAX CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0330 333 7878; www.odeon.co.uk/cinemas/bfi_imax; 1 Charlie Chaplin Walk, SE1; adult/child from £9.25/5.90; tWaterloo) Watch 3D movies and cinema releases on the UK's biggest screen: 20m high (nearly five double-decker buses) and 26m wide. Prince CharlesCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.princecharlescinema.com; 7 Leicester Pl, WC2; tickets £7.50-16; tLeicester Sq) West End cinema ticket prices are eye-watering, so wait till the first-runs have finished and come here, central London's cheapest picturehouse. Completing the score are mini-festivals, old classics and sing-along screenings. Football (Soccer) As the capital of a football-mad nation, expect half of London to be watching the beautiful game during the cooler months. The home ground for England's national football team, and the venue for the FA Cup final, is Wembley Stadium ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 980 8001; www.wembleystadium.com; tours adult/child £16/9). Tickets for Premier League football matches are like gold dust, but you could try your luck. Contacts for London's leading football clubs include the following: ArsenalSTADIUM (www.arsenal.com/tours; 75 Drayton Park, N5; self-guided tour adult/child £17.50/9; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun; tArsenal, Finsbury Park, Highbury & Islington) Arsenal Emirates Stadium is the third largest in England. Daily tours available. ChelseaSTADIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 984 1955; www.chelseafc.com; Stamford Bridge, Fulham Rd, SW6; stadium tours & museum adult/child £20/13; hmuseum 9.30am-5pm; tFulham Broadway) FulhamSTADIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fulhamfc.com; Craven Cottage, Stevenage Rd, SW6; tours adult/child £12/9; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri; tPutney Bridge) Tottenham HotspurSTADIUM (www.tottenhamhotspur.com; White Hart Lane, 748 High Rd, N17; tour adult/child £20/9; dWhite Hart Lane) West HamSTADIUM (www.whufc.com; Boleyn Ground, Green Street, Upton Park, E13; tUpton Park) In 2016, the Olympic Stadium will become the new home of West Ham United FC. Rugby Twickenham ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rfu.com; Rugby Rd, TW1; dTwickenham) is the home of English rugby union, but as with football, tickets for international matches are difficult to get unless you have contacts. The ground also has the World Rugby Museum ( %020-8892 8877; www.rfu.com; adult/child £8/6; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun), which can be combined with a tour of the stadium (adult/child £16/10, bookings recommended). Cricket & Tennis Cricket is as popular as ever in the home land. Test matches take place at two venerable grounds: Lord's Cricket Ground (which also hosts tours) and the Brit Oval ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 246 1100; www.kiaoval.com; Surrey County Cricket Club, Kennington Oval, SE11; tOval). Tickets cost from £20 to £80, but if you're a fan it's worth it. The Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships is one of the biggest events on the city's summer calendar. Lord's Cricket GroundCRICKET GROUND ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lords.org; St John's Wood Rd, NW8; tours adult/child £18/12; tSt John's Wood) The next best thing to watching a test at Lord's is the absorbingly anecdotal 100-minute tour of the ground and facilities, held when there's no play. It takes in the famous (members only) Long Room and the **MCC Museum** , featuring evocative memorabilia, including the tiny Ashes trophy. ### ROLL OUT THE BARROW London has over 350 markets selling everything from antiques and curios to flowers and fish. Some, such as Camden and Portobello Rd, are tourist-packed, while others are just for locals. Columbia Road Flower MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Columbia Rd, E2; h8am-3pm Sun; tOld St) The best place for East End barrow boy banter ('We got flowers cheap enough for ya muvver-in-law's grave'). Unmissable. Borough MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.boroughmarket.org.uk; 8 Southwark St, SE1; h11am-5pm Thu, noon-6pm Fri, 8am-5pm Sat; tLondon Bridge) A farmers market sometimes called London's Larder, it has been here in some form since the 13th century. It's wonderfully atmospheric and you'll find everything from organic falafel to boars' heads. Maltby Street MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.maltby.st; Maltby St, SE1; h10am-4pm Sat; tLondon Bridge) S Hailed as the new Borough Market, Maltby Street is small, delicious and a joy to spend a Saturday afternoon in. Camden MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Camden High St, NW1; h10am-6pm; tCamden Town, Chalk Farm) London's most famous market is actually a series of markets spread along Camden High St and Chalk Farm Rd. Despite a major fire in 2008, the Camden Lock Market ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.camdenlockmarket.com; 54-56 Camden Lock Pl, NW1; h10am-6pm; tCamden Town, Chalk Farm) and Camden Stables Market ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Chalk Farm Rd, NW1; h10am-6pm; tChalk Farm) are still the places for punk fashion, cheap food, hippy chic and a whole lotta craziness. oPortobello Road MarketCLOTHING, ANTIQUES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.portobellomarket.org; Portobello Rd, W10; h8am-6.30pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat, to 1pm Thu; tNotting Hill Gate, Ladbroke Grove) One of London's most famous street markets, in Notting Hill. New and vintage clothes are its main attraction, with antiques at its south end and food at the north. Old Spitalfields MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldspitalfieldsmarket.com; Commercial St, btwn Brushfield & Lamb Sts, E1; h10am-4pm Sun-Fri; tLiverpool St) It's housed in a Victorian warehouse, but the market's been here since 1638. Thursdays are devoted to antiques and vintage clothes and Fridays to fashion and art, but Sunday's the big day, with a bit of everything. Broadway MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.broadwaymarket.co.uk; London Fields, E8; h9am-5pm Sat; tBethnal Green) Graze from the organic food stalls, choose a cooked meal and then sample one of the 200 beers on offer at the neighbouring Dove Freehouse. It's a bit of a schlep from the tube. Brixton VillageMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brixtonmarket.net; Atlantic Rd; h10.30am-6pm Mon-Wed, to 10pm Thu-Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun; tBrixton) Revitalised and hip transformation of Granville Arcade near Brixton Market, with a host of inventively inclined shops and fantastic restaurants and cafes. Sunday UpMarketCLOTHING, ACCESSORIES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sundayupmarket.co.uk; Old Truman Brewery, Brick Lane, E1; h10am-5pm Sun; tLiverpool St) Handmade handbags, jewellery, new and vintage clothes and shoes, plus food if you need refuelling. Brick Lane MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitbricklane.org; Brick Lane, E1; h8am-2pm Sun; tLiverpool St) An East End pearler, this is a sprawling bazaar featuring everything from fruit and veggies to paintings and bric-a-brac. Camden Passage MarketANTIQUES ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.camdenpassageislington.co.uk; Camden Passage, N1; h8am-2pm Wed, to 5pm Sat; tAngel) Get your fill of antiques and trinkets galore. Not in Camden (despite the name). Greenwich MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greenwichmarketlondon.com; College Approach, SE10; h10am-5.30pm; dDLR Cutty Sark) Rummage through antiques, vintage clothing and collectables (Thursday and Friday), arts and crafts (Wednesday and weekends), or just chow down in the food section. Petticoat Lane MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Wentworth St & Middlesex St, E1; h9am-2pm Sun-Fri; tAldgate) A cherished East End institution overflowing with cheap consumer durables and jumble-sale ware. 7Shopping From world-famous department stores to quirky backstreet retail revelations, London is a mecca for shoppers with an eye for style and a card to exercise. London's famous department stores are a tourist attraction in themselves, and if there's a label worth having, you'll find it in central London. The capital's most famous designers (Paul Smith, Vivienne Westwood, Stella McCartney, the late Alexander McQueen) have their own stores scattered about and are stocked in major department stores. Look out for dress agencies that sell second-­hand designer clothes, bags and shoes – there are particularly rich pickings in the wealthier parts of town. Nick Hornby's book _High Fidelity_ may have done for London music-store workers what _Sweeney Todd_ did for barbers, but those obsessive types still lurk in wonderful independent stores all over the city. #### West End Oxford St is the place for high-street fashion, while Regent St cranks it up a notch. Bond St has designers galore, Savile Row is all about bespoke tailoring and Jermyn St is the place for smart clobber (particularly shirts). SelfridgesDEPARTMENT STORE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.selfridges.com; 400 Oxford St, W1; h9.30am-9pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6.15pm Sun; tBond St) Famed for its innovative window displays – especially at yuletide – the funkiest of London's one-stop shops bursts with fashion labels and tempts with an unparalleled food hall and the world's largest shoe department. Fortnum & MasonDEPARTMENT STORE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fortnumandmason.com; 181 Piccadilly, W1; h10am-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) It's the byword for quality and service from a bygone era, steeped in 300 years of tradition. The old-world basement food hall is where Britain's elite come for their pantry provisions and epicurean morsels. A new branch opened in 2013 at St Pancras International ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fortnumandmason.com; Unit 1a, St Pancras International Station, Pancras Rd, N1; h7am-9pm Mon-Sat, 8am-9pm Sun; tKing's Cross St Pancras). LibertyDEPARTMENT STORE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.liberty.co.uk; Great Marlborough St, W1; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tOxford Circus) An irresistible blend of contemporary styles and indulgent pampering in a mock-Tudor fantasyland of carved dark wood. TopshopCLOTHING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.topshop.co.uk; 36-38 Great Castle St, W1; h9am-9pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6pm Sun; tOxford Circus) Billed as the 'world's largest fashion store', the Topshop branch on Oxford Circus is a frenzy of shoppers searching for the latest look at reasonable prices. It's home to a range by London's favourite local supermodel rock chick, Kate Moss. Topman is upstairs. FoylesBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.foyles.co.uk; 107 Charing Cross Rd, WC2; h9.30am-9pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6pm Sun; tTottenham Court Rd) Flogging books since 1906, Foyles is a bookselling institution and retail landmark. Stanford'sBOOKS, MAPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stanfords.co.uk; 12-14 Long Acre, WC2; h9am-8pm Mon-Fri, 10am-8pm Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tLeicester Sq, Covent Garden) A wonderland of travel titles and maps, with 160 years of experience. HamleysTOYS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hamleys.com; 188-196 Regent St, W1; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tOxford Circus) Reputedly the oldest and largest toy store in the world, Hamleys is five floors of games and toys topped off with Lego world and a cafe. WaterstonesBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.waterstones.com; 203-206 Piccadilly, W1; h9am-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) The chain's mega Piccadilly store is the largest bookstore in Europe, boasting knowledgeable staff and regular author readings and signings. Check out the roof-top 5th View ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7851 2433; www.5thview.co.uk; 5th fl, Waterstone's Piccadilly, 203-206 Piccadilly, W1; mains £9-15; h9am-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun; tPiccadilly Circus) bar-restaurant. Benjamin Pollock's Toy ShopTOYS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pollocks-coventgarden.co.uk; 1st fl, 44 Market Bldg, Covent Garden, WC2; h10.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun; tCovent Garden) All manner of treasures await at this gem of a traditional toy shop selling Victorian paper toy theatres, children's masks, spinning tops, finger puppets, antique teddy bears, dolls and more. Moomin ShopCHILDREN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.themoominshop.com; 43 Market Bldg, Covent Garden, WC2; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11am-7pm Sun; tCovent Garden) A tiny shrine to Tove Jansson's adorable Moomintrolls: mugs, hot-water bottle sleeves, tea towels, T-shirts, fridge magnets. The whole moomin shebang. #### Knightsbridge, Kensington & Chelsea Knightsbridge draws the hordes with quintessentially English department stores. HarrodsDEPARTMENT STORE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harrods.com; 87 Brompton Rd, SW1; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6pm Sun; tKnightsbridge) Simultaneously stylish and garish, Harrods is an obligatory stop for visitors, both cash-strapped and big spenders alike. The spectacular food hall is a sight in itself. John Sandoe BooksBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.johnsandoe.com; 10 Blacklands Tce, SW3; h9.30am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; tSloane Sq) This atmospheric little bookshop is a treasure trove of literary gems and hidden surprises. In business for decades, loyal customers swear by it and the knowledgeable booksellers spill forth with well-read pointers. Harvey NicholsDEPARTMENT STORE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harveynichols.com; 109-125 Knightsbridge, SW1; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6pm Sun; tKnightsbridge) London's temple of high fashion, jewellery and perfume. #### Bloomsbury & St Pancras Harry Potter ShopCHILDREN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harrypotterplatform934.com; departure concourse, King's Cross station, N1; h10am-6pm; tKing's Cross St Pancras) For all things Potter and Hogwartish. #### Notting Hill, Bayswater & Paddington Portobello Rd and the lanes surrounding it are the main focus, both for the famous market and the quirky boutiques and gift stores. Ceramica BlueHOMEWARES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ceramicablue.co.uk; 10 Blenheim Cres, W11; h10am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun; tLadbroke Grove) For original and eye-catching crockery and coloured glass imported from more than a dozen countries, with Japanese eggshell-glaze teacups, serving plates with traditional South African designs, and more. #### Marylebone Daunt BooksBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dauntbooks.co.uk; 83 Marylebone High St, W1; h9am-7.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun; tBaker St) An exquisitely beautiful store, Daunt is one of London's loveliest travel bookshops (and stocks general fiction and nonfiction titles as well). #### Hoxton, Shoreditch & Spitalfields Rough Trade EastMUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.roughtrade.com; Dray Walk, Old Truman Brewery, 91 Brick Lane, E1; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, 11am-7pm Sat & Sun; tLiverpool St) At the forefront of the punk explosion of the 1970s, Rough Trade East (or West ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7229 8541; www.roughtrade.com; 130 Talbot Rd, W11; h10am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; tLadbroke Grove)) is the best place to come for anything of an indie or alternative music bent. StartCLOTHING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.start-london.com; 42-44 Rivington St, EC2; h10.30am-6.30pm Mon-Wed & Fri, 11am-6pm Sat, noon-5pm Sun; tOld St) Spilling over three stores on the same lane (womenswear, menswear and men's formal), your quest for designer jeans starts here. #### The East End & Docklands Westfield Stratford CityMALL (http://uk.westfield.com; 2 Stratford Place, Montifichet Road, Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, E20; h10am-9pm Mon-Fri, 9am-9pm Sat, noon-6pm Sun; tStratford) Right by the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, this is Europe's largest mall, a shopping behemoth with over 250 shops, dozens of restaurants, a 17-screen cinema, and a casino. 8Information Dangers & Annoyances Considering its size and wealth disparities, London is generally safe. That said, keep your wits about you and don't flash your cash unnecessarily. Instances of youth-on-youth knife crime is cause for concern, so walk away if you sense trouble brewing and take care at night. When travelling by tube, choose a carriage with other people in it and avoid deserted suburban stations. Following reports of robberies and sexual attacks, shun unlicensed or unbooked minicabs. Nearly every Londoner has a story about a wallet/phone/bag being nicked from under their noses – or arses, in the case of bags on floors in bars. Watch out for pickpockets on crowded tube trains, night buses and streets. When using ATMs, guard your PIN details carefully. Don't use an ATM that looks like it's been tampered with as there have been incidents of card cloning. Emergency Police/Fire/AmbulanceEMERGENCY, POLICE ( %999) Rape & Sexual Abuse Support CentreEMERGENCY ( %0808 802 9999; www.rasasc.org.uk; hnoon-2.30pm & 7-9.30pm) SamaritansEMERGENCY ( %08457 90 90 90; www.samaritans.org) Internet Access You'll find free wireless (wi-fi) access at many bars, cafes and hotels (although a few, particularly top-end hotels, continue to charge for the service). Internet Resources BBC LondonWEBSITE (www.bbc.co.uk/london) Evening StandardNEWSPAPER ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.standard.co.uk) LondonistWEBSITE (www.londonist.com) London-centric blog. Lonely PlanetTOURIST INFORMATION (www.lonelyplanet.com/london) Time OutWEBSITE (www.timeout.com/london) View LondonWEBSITE (www.viewlondon.co.uk) Walk ItWEBSITE (www.walkit.com) Enter your destination and get a walking map, time estimate and information on calories burnt and carbon dioxide saved. Media Two free newspapers bookend the working day – _Metro_ in the morning and the _London Evening Standard_ in the evening – both available from tube stations. Also free, _Time Out_ is the local listing guide par excellence. Medical Services To find a local doctor, pharmacy or hospital, consult the local telephone directory or call 0845 46 47. Hospitals with 24-hour accident and emergency units include the following: St Thomas' HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7188 7188; Lambeth Palace Rd, SE1; tWaterloo) University College London HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 155 5000, 020-3456 7890; www.uclh.org; 235 Euston Rd, NW1; tEuston Sq or Warren St) Toilets If you're caught short around London, public toilets can be elusive. Only a handful of tube stations have them, but the bigger National Rail stations usually do (often coin operated). If you can face five floors on an escalator, department stores are a good bet. Tourist Information There are tourist information desks at Heathrow Airport, King's Cross St Pancras station, Liverpool Street station, Piccadilly Circus underground station and Victoria Station. Visit London ( %0870 156 6366; www.visitlondon.com) can fill you in on everything from attractions and events to tours and accommodation. City of London Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitthecity.co.uk; St Paul's Churchyard, EC4; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; tSt Paul's) Tourist information, fast-track tickets to City attractions and guided walks (adult/child under 12 £7/free). Greenwich Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitgreenwich.org.uk/tourist-information-centre; Pepys House, 2 Cutty Sark Gardens, SE10; h10am-5pm; dDLR Cutty Sark) Information plus guided tours. 8Getting There & Away London is the major gateway to England. Air There are a number of London airports. For more information, see (Click here). Bus Most long-distance coaches leave London from Victoria Coach Station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 164 Buckingham Palace Rd, SW1; tVictoria). Car Check reservation numbers of the main car-hire firms, all of which have airport and various city locations. Train London's main-line terminals are all linked by the tube and each serves different destinations. Most stations have left-luggage facilities (around £4) and lockers, toilets (20p) with showers (around £3), newsstands and bookshops, and a range of eating and drinking outlets. St Pancras, Victoria and Liverpool St stations have shopping centres attached. If you can't find your destination in the list of main-line terminals, consult the journey planner at www.nationalrail.co.uk. A **Charing Cross** Canterbury. A **Euston** Manchester, Liverpool, Carlisle, Glasgow. A **King's Cross** Cambridge, Hull, York, Newcastle, Scotland. A **Liverpool** **Street** Stansted Airport, Cambridge. A **London Bridge** Gatwick Airport, Brighton. A **Marylebone** Birmingham. A **Paddington** Heathrow Airport, Oxford, Bath, Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Cardiff. A **St Pancras** Gatwick and Luton airports, Brighton, Nottingham, Sheffield, Leicester, Leeds, Paris. A **Victoria** Gatwick Airport, Brighton, Canterbury. A **Waterloo** Windsor, Winchester, Exeter, Plymouth. ### LONDON'S OYSTER DIET To get the most out of London, you need to be able to jump on and off public transport like a local, not scramble to buy a ticket at hefty rates each time. The best and cheapest way to do this is with an Oyster card, a reusable smartcard on which you can load prepaid credit or Travelcards, valid for periods from a day to a year. The card itself is £5, which is fully refundable when you leave. London is divided into concentric transport zones, although most visitor destinations are in Zones 1 and 2. Travelcard tickets will give you unlimited transport on the tube, buses and rail services within these zones. All you need to do is touch your card to the yellow sensors on the station turnstiles or at the front of the bus. For pay-as-you-go, the fare will be deducted from the credit on your card at a much lower rate than if you were buying a one-off paper ticket. An oyster bus trip costs £1.45 as opposed to £2.40 for an individual fare, while a Zone 1 tube journey is £2.20 as opposed to £4.70. Even better, in any single day your fares will be capped at the equivalent of the Oyster day-pass rate for the zones you've travelled in (Zones 1 and 2 peak/off-peak £8.40/7). Assuming you avoid peak hours (6.30am to 9.30am and 4pm to 7pm), this ready reckoner gives the cheapest options for your length of stay: **One to four days:** prepay **Five to 24 days:** weeklies topped up with prepay for any remaining days **Twenty-five to 31 days:** monthly 8Getting Around To/From the Airports Gatwick There are National Rail ( %0845 748 4950; www.nationalrail.co.uk) services between Gatwick's South Terminal and Victoria station (from £15, 37 minutes), running every 15 minutes during the day and hourly through the night. Other trains head to London St Pancras International (from £10, 56 minutes) and London Bridge (£10, 30 minutes, every 15 minutes). Fares are cheaper the earlier you book. If you're racing to make a flight, the Gatwick Express (www.gatwickexpress.com; one way/return £19.90/34.90) departs Victoria every 15 minutes from 5am to 11.45pm (30 minutes, first/last train 3.30am/12.32am). Prices start from £2, depending on when you book, for the EasyBus (www.easybus.co.uk) minibus service between Gatwick and Earls Court (allow 1¼ hours, every 30 minutes from 4.20am to 1am). You'll be charged extra if you have more than one carry-on and one check-in bag. Book online for the cheapest deals. Heathrow Transport connections to Heathrow are excellent, and the journey to and from the city is usually painless. The cheapest option is the Underground. The Piccadilly line is accessible from every terminal (£5.70, one hour to central London, every five minutes from around 5am to 11.30pm). If there are vast queues at the ticket office, use the automatic machines instead; some accept credit cards as well as cash. You might save some time on the considerably more expensive Heathrow Express (www.heathrowexpress.com; one way/return £21/34), an ultramodern train to Paddington station (15 minutes, every 15 minutes 5.12am to 11.48pm). You can purchase tickets on board (£5 extra), from self-service machines (cash and credit cards accepted) at both stations, or online. There are taxi ranks for black cabs outside every terminal; a fare to the centre of London will cost between £45 and £85. London City The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) connects London City Airport to the tube network, taking 22 minutes to reach Bank station (£4.70). A black taxi costs around £30 to/from central London. Luton There are regular **National Rail** (www.nationalrail.co.uk) services from St Pancras (£13.90, 29 to 39 minutes) to Luton Airport Parkway station, where a shuttle bus (£1.60) will get you to the airport within 10 minutes. EasyBus minibuses head from Victoria, Earl's Court and Baker St to Luton (one-way £10, allow 1½ hours, every 30 minutes). A taxi to central London costs around £100 to £110. Stansted The Stansted Express ( %0845 8500150; www.stanstedexpress.com) connects with Liverpool St station (one way/return £23.40/33.20, 46 minutes, every 15 to 30 minutes 6am to 12.30am). EasyBus (www.easybus.co.uk; one way £10, return from £12) services run between Stansted and Baker St (1¼ hours, every 20 minutes). The Airbus A6 ( %0870 580 8080; www.nationalexpress.com) links with Victoria Coach station (£11, allow 1¾ hours, at least every 30 minutes). National Express also runs buses to Stansted from Liverpool St station (£9 one way, 80 mins, every 30 mins). Terravision (www.terravision.eu) coaches link Stansted to both Liverpool St train station (bus A51, one way/return from £9/15, 55 minutes) and Victoria coach station (bus A50, one way/return from £8/14, 75 minutes) every 20 to 40 minutes between 6am and 1am. A taxi cab to/from central London costs about £125. Bicycle The central city is flat and relatively compact and traffic moves slowly – all good news for cyclists. Operating 24 hours a day, the excellent Barclays Cycle Hire Scheme ( %0845 026 3630; www.tfl.gov.uk.) allows you to hire a bike from one of 400 docking stations around London. The access fee is £2 for 24 hours or £10 per week; after that, the first 30 minutes is free (making the bikes perfect for short hops), or £1/4/6/15 for one hour/90 minutes/two hours/three hours. Cycle as often as you like, but leave five minutes between each trip. Visitors to London can pay either online or using a credit or debit card at a docking station. The minimum age for buying access is 18, the minimum age for riding a Barclays Bike is 14. Car The M25 ring road encompasses the 609 sq miles that is broadly regarded as Greater London. For motorists it's the first circle of hell; London's streets can be congested beyond belief. Traffic is heavy, roadwork continuous, parking is either impossible or expensive, and wheel-clampers are diligent. If you drive into central London from 7am to 6pm on a weekday, you'll need to pay a £10 per day congestion charge (visit www.tfl.gov.uk for payment options) or face a hefty fine. If you're hiring a car to continue your trip from London, take the tube to Heathrow and pick it up from there. Public Transport Although complaining about it is a local sport, London's public transport is excellent, with tubes, trains, buses and boats getting you wherever you need to go. TFL (www.tfl.gov.uk), the city's public transport provider, is the glue that binds the network together. Its website has a handy journey planner and information on all services, including cabs. Get yourself an Oyster card and make the most of it. Boat Boats plying the Thames are a great way to travel, avoiding traffic jams while affording great views. Passengers with daily, weekly or monthly travelcards (including on Oyster) get a third off all fares. Thames Clippers (www.thamesclippers.com) runs regular commuter services between Embankment, Waterloo, Blackfriars, Bankside, London Bridge, Tower, Canary Wharf, Greenwich, North Greenwich and Woolwich piers (adult/child £6.80/3.40) from 6am and between 10pm and midnight depending on the day of the week (from 9.30am weekends). Leisure services include the Tate-to-Tate boat and Westminster–Greenwich services. There are also boats to Kew Gardens and Hampton Court Palace. London Waterbus Company ( %020-7482 2660; www.londonwaterbus.com; single/return £8.20/11.50) and Jason's Trip ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jasons.co.uk; opposite 42 Blomfield Rd, W9; single/return £9/14) both run canal boat journeys between Camden Lock and Little Venice; see websites for times. London has some 40 miles of inner-city canals, mostly built in the 19th century. Bus Travelling around London by double-decker bus is great for seeing the city, but it's usually slower than the tube. Heritage 'Routemaster' buses with conductors operate on route 9 (from Aldwych to Royal Albert Hall) and 15 (between Trafalgar Sq and Tower Hill); these are the only buses without wheelchair access. A new fleet of freshly designed hybrid diesel/electric hop-on/hop-off (and wheelchair-accessible) Routemasters is now running on some routes, and will number 600 buses by 2016. Buses run regularly during the day, while less frequent night buses (prefixed with the letter 'N') wheel into action when the tube stops. Single-journey bus tickets (valid for two hours) cost £2.40 (£1.45 on Oyster, capped at £4.40 per day); a weekly pass is £20.20. Children ride for free. At stops with yellow signs, you must buy your ticket from the automatic machine (or use an Oyster) before boarding. Buses stop on request, so clearly signal the driver with an outstretched arm. London Underground, DLR & Overground 'The tube', as it's universally known, burrows throughout London and into the surrounding counties, with services running every few minutes from roughly 5.30am to 12.30am (from 7am to 11.30pm Sunday). It's easy to use. Tickets (or Oyster card top-ups) can be purchased from counters or machines at the entrance to each station using either cash or credit card. They're then inserted into the slot on the turnstiles (or you touch your Oyster card on the yellow reader), and the barrier opens. Also included within the network are the driverless Docklands Light Railway (DLR), and the train lines shown on tube maps as 'Overground'. The DLR links the City to Docklands, Greenwich and London City Airport. The tube map itself is an acclaimed graphic design work, using coloured lines to show how the 14 different routes intersect. However, it's not remotely to scale. The distances between stations become greater the further from central London you travel, while Leicester Sq and Covent Garden stations are only 250m apart. Train Particularly south of the river, where tube lines are in shorter supply, the various rail companies are an important part of the public transport picture. Most stations are now fitted with Oyster readers and accept Travelcards. If you travel outside your zone you'll need to have enough prepay credit on your Oyster card to cover the additional charge. As not all stations have turnstiles, it's important to remember to tap-in and tap-out at the Oyster reader at the station or your card will register an unfinished journey and you're likely to be charged extra. You can still buy a paper ticket from machines or counters at train stations. Taxi London's famous black cabs are available for hire when the yellow light above the windscreen is lit. To get an all-London licence, cabbies must do 'The Knowledge', which tests them on up to 25,000 streets within a 6-mile radius of Charing Cross and all points of interest from hotels to churches. Fares are metered, with flag fall of £2.40 and the additional rate dependent on time of day, distance travelled and taxi speed. A one-mile trip will cost between £5.60 and £8.80. To order a black cab by phone, try Computer Cabs ( %cash 020-7908 0207, credit card 020-7432 1432; www.comcablondon.com); it charges a £2 booking fee. Find the nearest black cab by downloading the Hailo (hailocab.com) app to your mobile. Licensed minicabs operate via agencies (most busy areas have a walk-in office with drivers waiting). They're a cheaper alternative to black cabs and quote trip fares in advance. To find a local minicab firm, visit www.tfl.gov.uk. There have been many reports of sexual assault and theft by unlicensed minicab drivers. Only use drivers from proper agencies; licensed minicabs aren't allowed to tout for business or pick you up off the street without a booking, so avoid the shady characters who hang around outside nightclubs or bars. # Right Royal Britain Royalty has long been a British institution, with dynasties of Scottish kings, Welsh princes and, of course, the English monarchs that dominated the scene for centuries. Queen Elizabeth II celebrated 60 years of rule in 2012, and the public displays of loyalty and affection show the institution is still going strong. ### Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace was used by King Henry VIII – he of the famous six wives – as a retreat from the affairs of state (but not the affairs of the heart). Today, it's Britain's grandest Tudor structure, and you can still relax in the extensive gardens, but don't get lost in the 300-year-old maze. Hampton Court PalacePAWEL LIBERA / GETTY IMAGES © ### Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace has been the monarch's residence in London since 1837. If the Queen is at home, the 'royal standard' flag flies on the roof. If she's away, you can take a tour inside. Either way, don't miss the parade of bearskins at the famous Changing of the Guard. Buckingham PalaceAMOS CHAPPLE / GETTY IMAGES © ### Balmoral Castle Deep in the Highlands of Scotland, Balmoral Castle is the Queen's holiday home. Built for Queen Victoria in 1855 as a private residence for the royal family, it popularised the style of architecture known as Scottish Baronial – slender towers, conical-topped turrets, stepped gables, narrow windows, fake battlements and heraldic symbols – that characterises so many of Scotland's 19th-century country houses. Balmoral CastleVISITBRITAIN / BRITAIN ON VIEW / GETTY IMAGES © ### Tower of London The Tower of London is a world-famous monument with a 1000-year-old history. Over the centuries it's been a royal residence, treasury, mint, prison and arsenal. Today it's home to the spectacular Crown Jewels, as well as red-coated Beefeaters and ravens with mythical power. Tower of LondonIMAGE SOURCE / GETTY IMAGES © # Canterbury & Southeast England #### Canterbury #### Leeds Castle #### Margate #### Broadstairs #### Ramsgate #### Sandwich #### Dover #### Around Dover #### Rye #### Battle #### Hastings #### Eastbourne #### Around Eastbourne #### Brighton & Hove #### Arundel #### Chichester #### Around Chichester #### Farnham #### Hindhead # Canterbury & Southeast England ### Why Go? Rolling chalk hills, venerable Victorian resorts, fields of hops and grapes sweetening in the sun: welcome to England's southeast, four soothing counties' worth of country houses, fairy-tale castles and the country's finest food and drink. That fruit-ripening sun shines brightest and longest on the coast, warming a string of seaside towns wedged between formidable chalk cliffs. There's something for everyone here, from the medieval quaintness of Sandwich to the bohemian spirit of hedonistic Brighton and the more genteel air of Eastbourne. The southeast is also pock-marked with reminders of darker days. The region's position as the front line against Continental invaders has left a wealth of turbulent history, including the 1066 battlefield, Dover Castle's secret war tunnels and scattered Roman ruins. England's spiritual heart is Canterbury; its cathedral and ancient Unesco-listed attractions are essential viewing for any 21st-century pilgrim. ### When to Go AMay is a good time to get creative in Brighton at Great Britain's second-largest arts festival. ADuring June, don your top hat and breeches to revel in frilly Victoriana at the Dickens Festival in Broadstairs. AAny time between May and October is ideal for a hike along the South Downs Way, which runs the length of England's newest national park. AIn summer head to Thanet's glorious beaches for some proper seaside fun. ### Best Places to Eat ADeeson's AAllotment AIydea ATerre à Terre ATown House ### Best Places to Stay ABleak House AJeake's House AWallett's Court AReading Rooms AHotel Una ## Canterbury & Southeast England Highlights 1 Shopping, tanning and partying in Brighton & Hove, hedonist capital of the southeast 2 Making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, one of England's most important religious sites 3 Exploring the atmospheric WWII tunnels beneath sprawling Dover Castle 4 Wandering the cobbled lanes of Rye, one of England's prettiest towns 5 Kicking back at the moated marvel that is Leeds Castle 6 Scrambling up Beachy Head, a spectacular headland in snow-white chalk 7 Shaking out your beach towel for some seaside fun on the Isle of Thanet 8 Getting hopelessly lost in the crooked medieval streets of Sandwich 2Activities The southeast of England may be Britain's most densely populated corner, but there are still plenty of off-the-beaten-track walking and cycling routes to enjoy. Cycling Finding quiet roads for cycle touring takes a little extra perseverance in the southeast of England, but the effort is richly rewarded. Long-distance routes that form part of the **National Cycle Network** (NCN; www.sustrans.org.uk) include the following: **Downs & Weald Cycle Route** (110 miles; NCN Routes 2, 20 & 21) London to Brighton and on to Hastings. **Garden of England Cycle Route** (165 miles; NCN Routes 1 & 2) London to Dover and then Hastings. You'll also find less demanding routes on the NCN website. Meanwhile, there are plenty of uppers and downers to challenge mountain bikers on walking trails, such as the South Downs Way National Trail (100 miles), which takes between two and four days to complete. Walking Two long-distance trails meander steadily westward through the region, and there are plenty of shorter ambles to match your schedule, stamina and scenery wishlist. **South Downs Way National Trail** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/southdowns) This 100-mile National Trail through England's newest national park is a beautiful roller-coaster walk along prehistoric drove roads between Winchester and Eastbourne. **North Downs Way National Trail** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/northdowns) This 153-mile walk begins near Farnham in Surrey, but one of its most beautiful sections runs from near Ashford to Dover; a loop takes in Canterbury near its end. **1066 Country Walk** Heads from Pevensey Castle to Rye (32 miles) and serves as a continuation of the South Downs Way. 8Information Kent AttractionsTOURIST INFORMATION (www.kentattractions.co.uk) Tourism South EastTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitsoutheastengland.com) The official website for south and southeast England. Visit KentTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitkent.co.uk) Visit SurreyTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitsurrey.com) Visit SussexTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitsussex.org) 8Getting There & Around The southeast is easily explored by train or bus, and many attractions can be visited in a day trip from London. Contact the National Traveline (www.travelinesoutheast.org.uk) for comprehensive information about public transport in the region. Bus Explorer Tickets (adult/child £6.20/3.10) provide unlimited day-long travel on most buses throughout the region. Buy them on the first bus you board. Train Secure 33% discounts on most rail fares in the southeast by purchasing a Network Railcard (www.network-railcard.co.uk; per year £30). Three adults can travel with you for the same discounted fare, and you save 60% on fares for children under 15. ## Kent Kent isn't described as the garden of England for nothing. Within its sea-lined borders you'll find a fragrant landscape of gentle hills, fertile farmland, cultivated country estates and fruit-laden orchards. It could also be described as the beer garden of England as it produces the world-renowned Kent hops and some of the country's finest ales and wines from its numerous vineyards. At its heart is spellbinding Canterbury, crowned by its enthralling cathedral. You'll also find beautiful coastal stretches dotted with beach towns and villages, from old-school Broadstairs to gentrified Whitstable and the aesthetically challenged port town of Dover. ### Canterbury Pop 151,200 Canterbury tops the charts for English cathedral cities and is one of southern England's top attractions. Many consider the World Heritage–listed cathedral that dominates its centre to be one of Europe's finest, and the town's narrow medieval alleyways, riverside gardens and ancient city walls are a joy to explore. But Canterbury isn't just a showpiece for the past – it's a spirited place with an energetic student population and a wide choice of contemporary bars, restaurants and arts venues. Book ahead for the best hotels and eateries: pilgrims may no longer flock here in their thousands, but tourists certainly do. ### THE CANTERBURY TALES If English literature has a father figure, then it is Geoffrey Chaucer (1342–1400). Chaucer was the first English writer to introduce characters – rather than 'types' – into fiction, and he did so to greatest effect in his best-known work, _The Canterbury Tales._ Written between 1387 and his death, in the hard-to-decipher Middle English of the day, Chaucer's _Tales_ is an unfinished series of 24 vivid stories told by a party of pilgrims journeying between London and Canterbury. Chaucer successfully created the illusion that the pilgrims, not Chaucer (though he appears in the tales as himself), are telling the stories, which gave him unprecedented freedom as an author. _The Canterbury Tales_ remains one of the pillars of the literary canon. But more than that, it's a collection of rollicking good yarns of adultery, debauchery, crime and edgy romance, and is filled with Chaucer's witty observations about human nature. History Canterbury's past is as rich as it comes. From AD 200 there was a Roman town here, which later became the capital of the Saxon kingdom of Kent. When St Augustine arrived in England from Africa in 597 to bring the Christian message to the pagan hordes, he chose Canterbury as his _cathedra_ (primary seat) and set about building an abbey on the outskirts of town. Following the martyrdom of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, the town became northern Europe's most important pilgrimage destination, which in turn prompted Geoffrey Chaucer's _The Canterbury Tales,_ one of the most outstanding works in English literature. Despite its blasphemous murders and rampant tourism, the city of Canterbury still remains the primary seat for the Church of England. Canterbury 1Top Sights 1Canterbury CathedralC2 1Sights 2Beaney House of Art & KnowledgeB2 3Canterbury Heritage MuseumB3 4Canterbury TalesB3 5Eastbridge HospitalB2 6Greyfriars ChapelB3 7Roman MuseumC3 8St Augustine's AbbeyD3 9West Gate TowersB2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 10Canterbury Guided ToursC2 11Canterbury Historic River ToursB2 12Canterbury River Navigation CompanyB2 4Sleeping 13Abode CanterburyB2 14Cathedral Gate HotelC2 15House of AgnesA1 5Eating 16BohoB2 17Deeson'sC2 18Goods ShedB1 19Tiny Tim's TearoomB3 20Veg Box CafeB3 6Drinking & Nightlife 21Alberry's Wine BarB3 22Chill NightclubC3 23Micro RoasteryB3 24ParrotC1 25Thomas BecketC2 3Entertainment 26New Marlowe TheatreB2 7Shopping 27Chaucer BookshopB3 28RevivalsB2 1Sights oCanterbury CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.canterbury-cathedral.org; adult/concession £10.50/9.50, tour adult/concession £5/4, audio tour adult/concession £4/3; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 12.30pm-2.30pm Sun) A rich repository of more than 1400 years of Christian history, the Church of England's mother ship is a truly extraordinary place with an absorbing history. This Gothic cathedral, the highlight of the city's World Heritage Sites, is southeast England's top tourist attraction as well as a place of worship. It's also the site of English history's most famous murder: Archbishop Thomas Beckett was done in here in 1170. Allow at least two hours to do the cathedral justice. The cathedral is an overwhelming edifice crammed with enthralling stories, arresting architecture and a very real and enduring sense of spirituality – although visitors can't help but pick up on the ominous undertones of violence and bloodshed that whisper from its walls. This ancient structure is packed with monuments commemorating the nation's battles. Also here are the grave and heraldic tunic of one of the nation's most famous warmongers, Edward the Black Prince (1330–76). The spot in the northwest transept where Becket met his grisly end has drawn pilgrims for more than 800 years and is marked by a flickering candle and a striking modern altar. The doorway to the crypt is beside the altar. This cavernous space is the cathedral's highlight, the only survivor from the cathedral's last devastating fire in 1174, which destroyed the rest of the building. Look for the amazingly well-preserved carvings among the forest of pillars. The wealth of detail in the cathedral is immense and unrelenting, so it's well worth joining a one-hour tour (three daily, from Monday to Saturday) or taking a 40-minute self-guided audio tour. Canterbury Heritage MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.canterbury-museums.co.uk; Stour St; adult/child £8/free; h11am-5pm daily) This fine 14th-century building, once the Poor Priests' Hospital, now houses the city's captivating museum. It contains a jumble of exhibits ranging from pre-Roman times to the assassination of Thomas Becket, and from the likes of Joseph Conrad to locally born celebs. The kids' room is excellent, with a memorable glimpse of real medieval poo among other fun activities. Train fans can admire the _Invicta_ locomotive, which ran on the world's third passenger railway, the 'Crab & Winkle' Canterbury–Whitstable line. The building also houses the Rupert Bear Museum (Rupert's creator, Mary Tourtel, was born in Canterbury) and a gallery celebrating another old-time children's favourite TV show, _Bagpuss_. St Augustine's AbbeyRUIN (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Longport; adult/child £5/3; h10am-6pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) An integral but often overlooked part of the Canterbury World Heritage Site, St Augustine's Abbey was founded in AD 597, marking the rebirth of Christianity in southern England. Later requisitioned as a royal palace, it fell into disrepair and now only stumpy foundations remain. A small museum and a worthwhile free audio tour do their best to underline the site's importance and put flesh back onto its now-humble bones. St Martin's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.martinpaul.org; North Holmes Rd; h11am-4pm Tue, Thu & Sat Apr-Sep, to 3pm Oct-Mar) This stumpy little building just off the road from Canterbury to Sandwich is thought to be England's oldest parish church in continuous use. It's also where Queen Bertha (wife of the Saxon King Ethelbert) welcomed St Augustine when he arrived in England in the 6th century. The original Saxon church has been swallowed up by a medieval refurbishment, but is still worth the walk out of town to see. Eastbridge HospitalHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eastbridgehospital.org.uk; 25 High St; adult/child £2/1; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) A 'place of hospitality' for pilgrims, soldiers and the elderly since 1180, Eastbridge Hospital of St Thomas the Martyr is the last of many such buildings in Canterbury still open to the public. It's worth a visit for the Romanesque undercroft and historic chapel. The 16th-century almshouses, still in use, sit astride Britain's oldest road bridge, dating back more than 800 years. Roman MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Butchery Lane; adult/child £6/free; h10am-5pm) Given a facelift in 2013 after a reprieve from council cuts, this fascinating subterranean archaeological site gives an insight into Canterbury's everyday life almost two millennia ago. Visitors can stroll a reconstructed Roman marketplace and rooms, including a kitchen, as well as view Roman mosaic floors. Everything you see here was only discovered after WWII bombs did a bit of impromptu excavation. West Gate TowersMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; St Peter's St) The city's only remaining medieval gateway has become Canterbury's most-discussed sight in recent years. Under threat from council cuts in 2011, it was taken over by a local businessman who spent lavishly turning it into a family attraction. His sudden death in early 2012 left the towers closed (again) and it's still uncertain what will become of them. Until they reopen, entertain yourself watching buses, wing mirrors folded back, as they squeeze through the medieval archway. Greyfriars ChapelCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h2-4pm Mon-Sat Easter-Sep) You'll find Greyfriars Chapel in serene riverside gardens behind Eastbridge Hospital. The first monastery built in England by Franciscan monks in 1267, its grounds are a tranquil spot to unfurl the picnic blanket. Canterbury TalesEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.canterburytales.org.uk; St Margaret's St; adult/child £8.50/6.25; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct) This ambitious three-dimensional interpretation of Chaucer's classic tales using jerky animatronics and audioguides is certainly entertaining, but could never do full justice to the original work. It does, however, provide a lighthearted introduction for the young or uninitiated. Beaney House of Art & KnowledgeMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 18 High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat, 9am-7pm Thu, 10am-5pm Sun) F This mock-Tudor edifice is the grandest on the main shopping thoroughfare, if not the most authentic. Formerly called the Royal Museum & Art Gallery, it has housed Canterbury's main library, a museum and an art gallery since 1899 – it's current name is in honour of the 19th-century benefactor who funded the original building. In addition to the city's main library and the tourist office, the mixed bag of museum exhibitions is worth half an hour between the main sights. There's also a good cafe and interesting temporary exhibitions (admission sometimes charged). TTours Canterbury Historic River ToursBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07790-534744; www.canterburyrivertours.co.uk; Kings Bridge; adult/child £8.50/5; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct) Knowledgeable guides double up as energetic oars on these fascinating River Stour mini cruises, which depart from behind the Old Weaver's House. Canterbury River Navigation CompanyBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07816-760869; www.crnc.co.uk; Westgate Gardens; adult/child from £9/4; hApr-Oct) Weather permitting, this company offers relaxing punt trips on the River Stour. Canterbury Guided ToursWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-459779; www.canterburyguidedtours.com; adult/child/concession £7/5/6.50; h11am Feb-Oct, 11am & 2pm Jul-Sep) Guided walking tours leave from opposite the Canturbury Cathedral entrance. Tickets can be purchased from the tourist office. ### THE MARTYRDOM OF THOMAS BECKET Not one to shy away from cronyism, in 1162 King Henry II appointed his good mate Thomas Becket to the highest clerical office in the land, figuring it would be easier to force the increasingly vocal religious lobby to fall into line if he was pals with the archbishop. Unfortunately for Henry, he underestimated how seriously Thomas would take the job, and the archbishop soon began to disagree with almost everything the king said or did. By 1170 Henry had become exasperated with his former favourite and suggested to four of his knights that Thomas was too much to bear. Becket was murdered on 29 December. Becket's martyrdom – and canonisation in double-quick time (1173) – catapulted Canterbury Cathedral to the top of the league of northern European pilgrimage sites. Mindful of the growing criticism of his role in Becket's murder, Henry arrived in Canterbury in 1174 for a dramatic _mea culpa_ and, after allowing himself to be whipped and scolded, was granted absolution. zFestivals & Events Canterbury FestivalPERFORMING ARTS ( %01227-787787; www.canterburyfestival.co.uk; hOct) Myriad musicians, comedians, theatre groups and other artists from around the world come to party during this festival, which runs for the last two weeks in October. ### CANTERBURY ATTRACTIONS PASSPORT Canterbury Attractions PassportDISCOUNT CARD (adult/child £28/13) The Canterbury Attractions Passport gives entry to the Canterbury Cathedral, the Canterbury Tales and any one of the city's museums as well as other discounts. It's available from the tourist office. 4Sleeping Kipp's Independent HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-786121; www.kipps-hostel.com; 40 Nunnery Fields; dm/s/d £19.50/28.50/57; i W) Occupying a red-brick town house in a quietish residential area less than a mile from the city centre, these superb backpacker digs enjoy a homely atmosphere, clean (though cramped) dorms and rave reviews. Yew Tree ParkCAMPSITE ( %01227-700306; www.yewtreepark.com; Stone St; sites per tent & 2 adults £14.20-24.50; hApr-Sep; p i W s) Family-run campsite set in gentle rolling countryside 5 miles southeast of the city. Phone ahead for directions and transport information. House of AgnesHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-472185; www.houseofagnes.co.uk; 71 St Dunstan's St; r from £85-130; i W) This rather wonky 13th-century beamed inn, mentioned in Dickens' _David Copperfield,_ has eight themed rooms bearing names such as 'Marrakesh' (Moorish), 'Venice' (carnival masks), 'Boston' (light and airy) and 'Canterbury' (antiques and heavy fabrics). If you prefer your room to have straight lines and right angles, there are eight less exciting, but no less comfortable, rooms in an annex in the walled garden. Arthouse B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07976-725457; www.arthousebandb.com; 24 London Rd; r £75; p W) A night at Canterbury's most laid-back digs, housed in a 19th-century fire station, is a bit like sleeping over at a really cool art student's pad. The theme is funky and eclectic, with furniture by local designers and artwork by the instantly likeable artist owners, who have a house-studio out back. The organic continental breakfast is laid out in the guest kitchen, with a hostel-like vibe. Only one of the three rooms is en suite. Cathedral Gate HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-464381; www.cathgate.co.uk; 36 Burgate; s/d £50/112, without bathroom £50/81.50; W) Predating the spectacular cathedral gate it adjoins, this quaint 15th-century hotel is a medieval warren of steep staircases and narrow passageways leading to 27 pleasingly old-fashioned rooms with angled floors, low doors and cockeyed walls. Some have cathedral views, while others overlook pretty Buttermarket. There's no lift. Magnolia HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-765121; www.magnoliahousecanterbury.co.uk; 36 St Dunstan's Tce; s/d from £50/95; p i W) An alluringly cosy Georgian guesthouse, Magnolia House comes complete with beautifully appointed if slightly over-filled rooms, lovely gardens and big cooked breakfasts. Head up St Dunstan's St from the West Gate for about 400m until you reach a roundabout; turn left and St Dunstan's Terrace is the second on the left. oABode CanterburyHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-766266; www.abodecanterbury.co.uk; 30-33 High St; r from £143; W) The 72 rooms at this supercentral hotel, the only boutique hotel in town, are graded from 'comfortable' to 'fabulous', and for the most part live up to their names. They come with features such as handmade beds, cashmere throws, velour bathrobes, beautiful modern bathrooms and little tuckboxes of locally produced snacks. There's a splendid champagne bar, restaurant and tavern, too. 5Eating BohoINTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 43 St Peter's St; snacks £4-14; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) This hip eatery in a prime spot on the main drag is extraordinarily popular and you'll be lucky to get a table on busy shopping days. Cool tunes lilt through the chic retro dining space while chilled diners chow down on humungous burgers, full-monty breakfasts and imaginative, owner-cooked international mains. Boho doesn't do bookings, so be prepared to queue. Veg Box CafeVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thevegboxcafe.co.uk; 1 Jewry Lane; mains £7; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat; v) Perched above Canterbury's top veggie food store, this laid-back and welcoming spot uses only the freshest, locally sourced organic ingredients in its dishes. Tiny Tim's TearoomCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 34 St Margaret's St; mains £7-9; h9.30am-5pm Tue-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun) Swish 1930s English tearoom offering hungry shoppers big breakfasts bursting with Kentish ingredients, and tiers of cakes, crumpets, cucumber sandwiches and scones plastered in clotted cream. oDeeson'sBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-767854; 25-27 Sun St; mains £6-16; hnoon-3pm & 5-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-10pm Sun) Put the words 'local', 'seasonal' and 'tasty' together and you have this superb British eatery. Local fruit and veg; award-winning wines, beers and ciders; fish from Kent's coastal waters; and the odd ingredient from the proprietor's own allotment are all served in a straightforward, contemporary setting just a Kentish apple's throw from the Canterbury Cathedral gates. Goods ShedMARKET, RESTAURANT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thegoodsshed.co.uk; Station Rd West; mains £12-20; hmarket 9am-7pm Tue-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun, restaurant 8am-9.30pm Tue-Sat, 9am-3pm Sun) Farmers market, food hall and fabulous restaurant rolled into one, this converted warehouse by the Canterbury West train station is a hit with everyone from self-caterers to sit-down gourmets. The chunky wooden tables sit slightly above the market hubbub but in full view of its appetite-whetting stalls, and daily specials exploit the freshest farm goodies England has to offer. 6Drinking & Nightlife ParrotPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1-9 Church Lane; hnoon-11pm) Built in 1370 on Roman foundations, Canterbury's oldest boozer has a snug, beam-rich pub downstairs and a much-lauded dining room upstairs under yet more ageing oak. Needless to say, many a local microbrewed ale is pulled in both venues. Thomas BecketPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 21 Best Lane; hnoon-3pm & 5-9pm Mon-Thu, to 9.30pm Fri, noon-9.30pm Sat, noon-9pm Sun) A classic English pub with a garden's worth of hops hanging from its timber frame, Thomas Becket has several quality ales to sample. Traditional decor includes copper pots, comfy seating and a fireplace to cosy up to on winter nights. It also serves decent pub grub. Micro Roastery CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.microroastery.co.uk; 4 St Margaret's St; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, from 9am Sat, 10am-5pm Sun; W) Owned by an Anglo-Peruvian couple, this new cafe imports, roasts, grinds and sells its unsurpassed beans and blends. There's local art on the walls; the furniture is upholstered in coffee-bean sacks; and a La Marzocco espresso machine pumps out strong brews. Alberry's Wine BarCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.alberrys.co.uk; 38 St Margaret's St; h11am-3am) An after-hours music bar that puts on everything from smooth live jazz to DJ-led drum and bass to commercial pop. It's a two-level place where you can relax over a French Kiss cocktail upstairs before heading down to the basement bar. Chill NightclubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chill-nightclub.com; 41 St George's Pl) Small, cheesy nightclub with Alphabeats theme nights on Wednesdays and a big Sound of Saturday that runs well into Sunday morning. ### A SWIG OF KENT & SUSSEX With booze cruises over to Calais almost a thing of the past, many Kent and Sussex drinkers are rediscovering their counties' superb home-grown beverages. Both counties produce some of the most delicious ales in the country and the southeast's wines are even outgunning some traditional Continental vintners. Kent's Shepherd Neame Brewery ( %01795-542016; www.shepherdneame.co.uk; 10 Court St, Faversham; tours £12.50; hcall ahead or see website for tour times) is Britain's oldest and produces aromatic ales brewed from Kent-grown premium hops. Sussex's reply is Harveys Brewery ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-480217; www.harveys.org.uk; Bridge Wharf, Lewes; per person £2.50; hevenings three times a week Jun-Jul & Sep-Nov), which perfumes Lewes town centre with a hop-laden scent. Book in advance for tours of either brewery. Mention 'English wine' not too long ago and you'd likely hear a snort of derision. Not any more. Thanks to warmer temperatures and determined winemakers, English wine, particularly of the sparkling variety, is developing a fan base all of its own. Award-winning vineyards can be found in both Sussex and Kent, whose chalky soils are likened to France's Champagne region. Many vineyards now offer tours and wine tastings. Some of the most popular are Biddenden Vineyards ( %01580-291726; www.biddendenvineyards.com; admission free ; htours 10am Wed & Sat), 1.2 miles from Wealden, and Chapel Down Vinery ( %01580-766111; www.englishwinesgroup.com; Tenterden; admission £10; htours daily Jun-Sep, weekends May & Oct), located 2.5 miles south of Tenterden on the B2082. 3Entertainment New Marlowe TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-787787; www.newmarlowetheatre.org.uk; The Friars) Canterbury's main theatre attracts top acts and fast-selling productions. Check out that bizarre auditorium, with its dark faux veneers contrasting sharply with the lifejacket-orange seating. 7Shopping Canterbury has Kent's best shopping. For mainstream stores head for the east end of the main street (High St, St George's St) but for quirkier independents the west end of High St, St Peter's St and the so-called 'King's Mile' (Palace St, Borough and Northgate) are happy hunting grounds. RevivalsCLOTHING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 42 St Peter's St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) One of the southeast's best vintage-clothing emporia. Chaucer BookshopBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 6-7 Beer Cart Lane; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Antiquarian and used books. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 19 St George's St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) On the 1st floor of WH Smiths. Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01227-378100; www.canterbury.co.uk; 18 High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat, to 7pm Thu, 10am-5pm Sun) Located in the Beaney House of Art & Knowledge. Staff can help book accommodation, excursions and theatre tickets. 8Getting There & Away The city's bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St George's Lane) is just within the city walls on St George's Lane. There are two train stations, Canterbury East for London Victoria and Canterbury West for London's Charing Cross/St Pancras stations. Bus Canterbury connections: A **Dover** National Express; £4.90, 40 minutes, hourly A **London Victoria** National Express; £14.40, two hours, hourly A **Margate** £5.10, 50 minutes, three per hour A **Ramsgate** £5.10 45 minutes, hourly A **Sandwich** £3.50, 40 minutes, three hourly A **Whitstable** £4.50, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes Train Canterbury connections: A **Dover Priory** £8, 25 minutes, every 30 minutes A **London St Pancras** High-speed service; £33.70, one hour, hourly A **London Victoria/Charing Cross** £28.40, 1¾ hours, two hourly 8Getting Around Canterbury's centre is mostly set up for pedestrians. Car parks are dotted along and just inside the walls, but to avoid heavy traffic day-trippers may prefer to use one of three Park & Ride sites, which cost £3 per day and connect to the centre by bus every eight minutes (7am to 7.30pm Monday to Saturday). #### WORTH A TRIP ### WHITSTABLE Perhaps it's the oysters, harvested since Roman times... Maybe it's the weatherboard houses and shingle beach... Perhaps it's the pleasingly old-fashioned main street with petite galleries, been-there-forever outfitters and emporia of vintage clothing... Most likely it's for all of these reasons that Whitstable has become a bit of a weekend mecca for metropolitan types looking for refuge from the city hassle. If it's the oysters you fancy, Wheeler's Oyster Bar ( %01227-273311; 8 High St; mains £18.50-22.50; h10.30am-9pm Mon & Tue, from 10.15am Thu, 10.15am-9.30pm Fri, 10am-10pm Sat, 11.30am-9pm Sun) is the place to head, but you'll have to book ahead and bring your own wine. Sittings are at 1pm, 3pm, 5pm & 7.30pm. While you're here, take a stroll along the beach or a spin around the Whitstable Museum & Gallery (www.whitstable-museum.co.uk; 5 Oxford St; adult/concession £3/2; h11am-4.30pm), which has a corner dedicated to actor Peter Cushing, star of several Hammer Horror films and the town's most famous resident, who died in 1994 Whitstable has no tourist office, but you can pick up maps and other information at the library (31-33 Oxford St; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun). Bus 4 departs for Canterbury (30 minutes) every 10 minutes. ### Leeds Castle Leeds CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leeds-castle.com; adult/child £21/13.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar) This immense moated pile just east of Maidstone is for many the world's most romantic castle, and it's certainly one of the most visited in Britain. The formidable, hefty structure balancing on two islands is known as something of a 'ladies castle'. This stems from the fact that in its more than 1000 years of history, it has been home to a who's who of medieval queens, most famously Henry VIII's first wife, Catherine of Aragon. The castle was transformed from fortress to lavish palace over the centuries, and its last owner, the high-society hostess Lady Baillie, used it as a princely family home and party pad to entertain the likes of Errol Flynn, Douglas Fairbanks and John F Kennedy. The castle's vast estate offers enough attractions of its own to justify a day trip: peaceful walks, a duckery, aviary and falconry demonstrations. You'll also find possibly the world's sole dog-collar museum, plenty of kids' attractions and a hedge maze, overseen by a grassy bank from where fellow travellers can shout encouragement or misdirections. Since Lady Baillie's death in 1974, a private trust has managed the property. This means that some parts of the castle are periodically closed for private events. Trains run from London Victoria to Bearsted, where you catch a special shuttle coach to the castle. ### Margate Pop 40,400 A popular resort for more than two centuries, Margate's late 20th-century slump was long and bleak as British holidaymakers ditched Victorian frump for the carefree _costas_ of Spain. But this grand old seaside, with fine-sand beaches and artistic associations, has bounced off the bottom. Major cultural regeneration projects – including the spectacular Turner Contemporary art gallery – are slowly reversing the town's fortunes, and on busy days even the odd non-English speaker can be overheard in the newly minted cafes and rejuvenated old town. 1Sights oTurner ContemporaryGALLERY (www.turnercontemporary.org; Rendezvous (Seafront); h10am-6pm Tue-Sun) F This blockbuster contemporary art gallery, bolted together on the site of the seafront guesthouse where master painter JMW Turner used to stay, is one of East Kent's top attractions. Within the strikingly featureless shell the only thing distracting the eye, apart from the artwork on display, is the sea view from the floor-to-ceiling windows. These allow you to appreciate the very thing Turner loved so much about Margate – the sea, sky and refracted light of the north Kent coast. The gallery is attracting top-notch contemporary installations by high-calibre artists such as Tracey Emin (who grew up in Margate) and Alex Katz, so be sure to catch a free gallery tour (Fridays and weekends at 11.30am). Shell GrottoGROTTO, CAVE (www.shellgrotto.co.uk; Grotto Hill; adult/child £3.50/1.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Margate's unique attraction is a mysterious subterranean grotto, discovered in 1835. It's a claustrophobic collection of rooms and passageways embedded with 4.6 million shells arranged in symbol-rich mosaics. It has inspired feverish speculation over the years; some think it a 2000-year-old pagan temple, others an elaborate 19th-century hoax. Either way, it's an exquisite place worth seeing. ### ISLE OF THANET You won't need a wetsuit or a ferry to reach the Isle of Thanet and its towns of Margate, Ramsgate and Broadstairs: the 2-mile-wide Wantsum Channel, which divides the island from the mainland, silted up in the 16th century, transforming the East Kent landscape forever. In its island days, Thanet was the springboard for several epoch-making episodes in English history. It was here that the Romans kicked off their invasion in the 1st century AD and where St Augustine landed in AD 597 to launch his conversion of the pagans. 4Sleeping & Eating oReading RoomsB&B ( %01843-225166; www.thereadingroomsmargate.co.uk; 31 Hawley Sq; r £180; W) Occupying an unmarked 18th-century Georgian town house on a tranquil square just five minutes' walk from the sea, this luxury boutique B&B is as stylish as they come. Generously cut rooms with waxed wooden floors and beautiful French antique reproduction furniture contrast with the 21st-century bathrooms fragrant with Ren cosmetics. Breakfast is served in your room. Booking essential. Sands Hotel BOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01843-228228; www.sandshotelmargate.co.uk; 16 Marine Dr; r £120-190; a W) This beautifully styled boutique hotel sits right on the Margate seafront. It features an understated sand-hued theme throughout; the southeast's best bathrooms; and a restaurant with spectacular bay views, which around half of the rooms also share. The entrance is hidden under the arches on the seafront next to the hotel's very own summertime ice cream parlour. Mad HatterCAFE (9 Lombard St; snacks & light meals £3.50-11; h11am-5.30pm Sat) This unmissable, completely cuckoo eatery run by a top-hatted proprietor packs two rooms of a 1690s house with regalia and knick-knackery from down the ages. Christmas decorations stay up all year and the toilets are original Victorian porcelain. The yummy cakes and snacks are all homemade. Great British Pizza CompanyPIZZA (14a Marine Dr; pizzas £6-9; hnoon-9pm Tue-Sat, to 3pm Sun) A world away from your normal 'British pizza', the delicious cheese-topped wheels at this new hang-out are made using the best local and Italian ingredients. Right on the seafront, this popular feeding spot has a funkily eclectic but simple dining space, heart-pumping coffees and gelato containing nothing that it shouldn't. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( %01843-577577; www.visitthanet.co.uk; Droit House, Stone Pier; h10am-5pm daily Easter-Oct, 10am-5pm Tue-Sat Nov-Easter) Next to the Turner Contemporary art gallery, the tourist office serves all of the Isle of Thanet. It hands out _The Isle,_ a glossy magazine crammed with Thanet listings. 8Getting There & Away Departure and arrival points for local buses are Queen St and adjacent Cecil St. The train station is just a few steps from the beach. Bus A **Broadstairs** Thanet Loop Bus; £1.80, up to every ten minutes A **Canterbury** £5.10, 50 minutes, three hourly A **London Victoria** National Express; £16, 2½ hours, four daily A **Ramsgate** Thanet Loop Bus; £2.20, up to every ten minutes Train A **London St Pancras** High-speed service, £38.10, 1½ hours, hourly A **London Victoria** £22.30, one hour and 50 minutes, two hourly ### Broadstairs Pop 24,370 While its bigger, brasher neighbours seek to revive and regenerate themselves, quaint little Broadstairs quietly gets on with what it's done best for the past 150 years – wowing visitors with its tight sickle of reddish sand (Viking Bay) and sun-warmed lapping sea. Charles Dickens certainly thought it a pretty spot, spending most summers here between 1837 and 1859. The resort now plays the Victorian nostalgia card at every opportunity and names every second business after the works of its most famous holidaymaker. 1Sights Dickens House MuseumMUSEUM (www.dickensfellowship.org; 2 Victoria Pde; adult/child £3.60/2; h2-5pm Easter-May, 10am-5pm Jun-Sep) Given a fresh lick of paint for Charles Dickens' 200th birthday in 2012, this quaint museum is Broadstairs' top attraction and the former home of Mary Pearson Strong – Dickens' inspiration for the character of Betsey Trotwood in _David Copperfield._ Diverse Dickensiana on display includes letters from the author. zFestivals & Events Dickens FestivalARTS (www.broadstairsdickensfestival.co.uk) Broadstairs' biggest bash, this annual, nine-day-long festival held in mid-June culminates in a banquet and ball in Victorian fancy dress. 4Sleeping & Eating Copperfields Guest HouseB&B ( %01843-601247; www.copperfieldsbb.co.uk; 11 Queen's Rd; s/d £50/75; W) S This vegetarian B&B offers three homely rooms with en suite, and a warm welcome from the owners and pet Yorkie. It also caters for vegans, and all products in the bathrooms are cruelty-free. oBleak HouseHISTORIC HOTEL ( %01843-865338; www.bleakhousebroadstairs.co.uk; Fort Rd; r £155-250, apt £300; W) Recently reopened, this former Napoleonic-era fortress overlooking the beach was converted into an opulent Victorian residence just in time for one Charles Dickens to rent it for 12 summers (1837–1859). From the lounge bar to the Copperfield suite with its Viking Bay views and five-star bathroom, the whole caboodle oozes unique period character. Building tours run from 10am to 6pm. It was here that Dickens penned _David Copperfield_ and the outline of _Bleak House,_ declaring the building his favourite place to stay – when you see the views it's not hard to see why. But the highlight must be Dickens' very own bedroom and semicircular sea-view study where he would write looking out across the Channel. It's worth every penny of the £250 a night rate and what a place to update your travel journal! There's a labyrinthine smuggling museum in the basement, a fancy restaurant, and a tearoom. Oscar's Festival CafeCAFE (15 Oscar Rd; snacks £4-6.50; h10.30am-5.30pm Thu-Sun) Just back from the bandstand at the southern end of Viking Bay, this hidden gem successfully recreates the buttered-toast-and-railways brand of sunny 1950s austerity that the British find so comforting. Wyatt & JonesBRITISH (www.wyattandjones.co.uk; 23-27 Harbour St; mains £6-17; h9-11am, noon-3pm & 6-11pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-5pm Sun) Broadstairs was clamouring for a contemporary British restaurant and now, just a few steps off the beach, it has one. Savour unashamedly local dishes such as partridge in crab-apple glaze, local bream, mussels and chips, or a day-launching breakfast in the uncluttered interior of gun-metal blue and scratched timber floors. Then admire your expanding waistline in the retro mirror wall. 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Canterbury** £5.10, 1½ hours, up to three times an hour A **London Victoria** National Express, £13.90, three hours, seven daily A **Margate** Thanet Loop Bus; £1.80, up to every ten minutes A **Ramsgate** Thanet Loop Bus; £1.80, up to every ten minutes Train A **London St Pancras** High-speed service, £38.10, one hour 20 minutes, hourly A **London Victoria** £22.30, two hours, twice hourly ### Ramsgate Pop 40,000 The most varied of Thanet's towns, Ramsgate has a friendlier feel than rival Margate and is more vibrant than its quaint little neighbour Broadstairs. A forest of masts whistles serenely in the breeze below the handsomely curved walls of Britain's only royal harbour, and the seafront is surrounded by bars and cosmopolitan street cafes. Just one celebrity chef away from being described as 'up and coming', Ramsgate retains a shabbily undiscovered charm, its sweeping, environmentally sanctioned Blue Flag beaches and some spectacular Victorian architecture making it well worth the visit. 1Sights & Activities Spitfire Memorial MuseumMUSEUM (www.spitfiremuseum.org.uk; Manston Rd; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) F Around 4 miles northwest of Ramsgate's town centre at Manston Airport, this purpose-built museum stores two WWII planes: one a Spitfire, the other a Hurricane. Both look factory-fresh but are surprisingly delicate and so, sadly, there's no clambering on board. Take bus 38 (hourly) from King St and alight at the airport, then walk about 10 minutes along Manston Rd. Gathered around the planes are myriad flight-associated exhibits, many relating to Manston's role as an airfield during the Battle of Britain. Ramsgate Maritime MuseumMUSEUM (www.ramsgatemaritimemuseum.org; The Clock House, Royal Harbour; adult/child £2/1; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Easter-Sep) Interesting but erratically opening museum displaying loot from the more than 600 ships that have been wrecked on the notorious Goodwin Sands off this stretch of coast. 4Sleeping & Eating Ramsgate has two restaurant rows: Harbour St and Westcliff Arcade. Glendevon GuesthouseB&B ( %01843-570909; www.glendevonguesthouse.co.uk; 8 Truro Rd; s/d from £52.50/70; p W) S Run by energetic young hosts, this comfy guesthouse takes the whole ecofriendly thing very seriously, with guest recycling facilities, eco-showers and even energy-saving hairdryers. The hallways of this grand Victorian house, a block back from the Ramsgate seafront, are decorated with work by local artists. All rooms have kitchenettes, and breakfast is a convivial affair taken around a communal table. Bon AppetitFRENCH (4 Westcliff Arcade; mains £7-21; hnoon-2.30pm & 7pm-late) The best eatery on Westcliff, this first-rate bistro serves up French-inspired dishes in a simple dining room or with alfresco harbour views. Ingredients on the menu are of the seasonal and locally sourced ilk, with finely crafted mains including delights such as pan-fried Kentish pheasant, line-caught sea bass, and lamb rump with rosemary and red-currant preserve. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( %01843-598750; Customs House, Harbour Pde; h10am-4pm Mon-Sun) A small, staffed visitor centre with out-of-hours brochure stands. 8Getting There & Away Boat EuroferriesFERRY ( %0844 414 5355; www.euroferries.co.uk) High-speed ferries to Boulogne (from £49 per car, 1¼ hours, four times daily) Bus A **Broadstairs** Thanet Loop Bus; £1.80, up to every ten minutes A **London Victoria** National Express, £13.90, three hours, seven daily A **Margate** Thanet Loop Bus; £2.20, up to every ten minutes A **Sandwich** £2.90, 25 minutes, hourly Train A **London Charing Cross** £22.30, two hours, two hourly A **London St Pancras** High-speed service, £38.50, 1¼ hours, hourly ### Sandwich Pop 5000 As close as you'll get to a living museum, Sandwich was once England's fourth city (after London, Norwich and Ipswich). It's a fact hard to grasp as you ponder its drowsy medieval lanes, ancient churches, Dutch gables, crooked peg-tiled roofs and overhanging timber-framed houses. Once a port to rival London, Sandwich began its decline when the entrance to the harbour silted up in the 16th century, and this once-vital gateway to and from the Continent spent the next 400 years retreating into quaint rural obscurity. Preservation is big here, with huge local interest in period authenticity. The tiny 100-seat cinema is preserved as an art deco museum piece and the 1920s garage deals more in classic cars than modern vehicles. Within the town's historical core, unlisted buildings are the exception. Of course, Sandwich indirectly gave the world its favourite snack when the Fourth Earl of Sandwich called for his meat to be served between two slices of bread, thus freeing him to gamble all night without leaving the table or smudging his cards. From then on, it became _de rigueur_ to ask for meat 'like Sandwich' and the rest is fast-food history, although the town makes precious little of it. 1Sights & Activities Sandwich's web of medieval and Elizabethan streets is perfect for ambling through and getting pleasantly lost (as many do). **Strand Street** in particular has one of the country's highest concentrations of half-timbered buildings. Ornate brickwork on some houses betrays the strong influence of 350 Protestant Flemish refugees (referred to as 'the Strangers'), who settled in the town in the 16th century at the invitation of Elizabeth I. Richborough Roman FortRUIN (EH; Richborough Rd; adult/child £5.20/3.10; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Wed-Sun Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Roman Britain began here amid the windswept ruins of Richborough's Roman Fort, just 2 miles north of Sandwich. This is where the successful AD 43 invasion of Britain was launched. To celebrate their victory, the Romans planted a colossal triumphal arch here, the base of which remains. The fort's clearest features today – high walls and scores of deep defensive ditches – came later when the Romans were forced to stave off increasingly vicious seaborne attacks. To arrive as the Romans did, by boat, you can take the Sandwich River Bus from the Quay. Sandwich QuayWATERFRONT Several attractions line the River Stour. First up is a cute little flint-chequered Barbican tollgate built by Henry VIII, which controls traffic flow over the river's only road bridge. Nearby rises Fishergate, built in 1384 and once the main entrance to the town, through which goods from the Continent and beyond once passed. On fair-weather days, hop aboard the Sandwich River Bus ( %07958 376183; www.sandwichriverbus.co.uk; adult/child 30min trip £7/5, 1hr £12/8; hevery 30-60min 11am-6pm Thu-Sun Apr-Sep) beside the toll bridge for seal-spotting trips along the River Stour and in Pegwell Bay, or for an interesting way to reach Richborough. Guildhall MuseumMUSEUM (adult/child £1/50p; h10.30am-12.30pm & 2-4pm Tue, Wed, Fri & Sat, 2-4pm Thu & Sun Apr-Nov) Sandwich's small but thorough museum is a good place to start exploring the town. Exhibitions examine the town's rich past as a Cinque Port, its role in various wars, and the gruesome punishments meted out to felons, fornicators and phoney fishers. Salutation GardensGARDENS (www.the-secretgardens.co.uk; The Salutation, Knightrider St; adult/child £6.50/3; h10am-5pm) Just along from Fishergate, this set of exquisite gardens was laid out behind a 1912 mansion by leading early 20th-century garden designers Jekyll and Lutyens. There's a superb tearoom in the grounds. St Peter'sCHURCH (King St; h10am-5pm) The oldest church in Sandwich is now no longer used for worship. It's a real mixture of styles and years: its tower collapsed in dramatic fashion in 1661 and it was rebuilt with a bulbous cupola by the Flemish 'Strangers'. St Mary'sCHURCH (www.stmarysartscentre.org.uk; cnr Church St & Strand St; h10am-5pm) This former church is now a multipurpose venue hosting some surprisingly big acts, and is open during the day for perusal. ### CINQUE PORTS Due to their proximity to Europe, southeast England's coastal towns were the frontline against raids and invasion during Anglo-Saxon times. In the absence of a professional army and navy, these ports were frequently called upon to defend themselves, and the kingdom, on land and at sea. In 1278 King Edward I formalised this ancient arrangement by legally defining the Confederation of Cinque Ports (pronounced 'sink ports'). The five original ports – Sandwich, Dover, Hythe, Romney and Hastings – were awarded numerous perks and privileges in exchange for providing the king with ships and men. At their peak, the ports were considered England's most powerful institution after Crown and Church. The ports' importance eventually evaporated when the shifting coastlines silted up several Cinque Port harbours and a professional navy was based at Portsmouth. But still the pomp and ceremony remain. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a prestigious post now bestowed on faithful servants of the Crown. The Queen Mother was warden until she passed away, succeeded by Admiral Lord Boyce. Previous incumbents include the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill. 4Sleeping & Eating oBell HotelHOTEL ( %01304-613388; www.bellhotelsandwich.co.uk; The Quay; s/tw/d from £95/120/165; W) Today the haunt of celebrity golfers, the Bell Hotel has been sitting on the town's quay since Tudor times, though much of the remaining building is from the 19th century. A splendid sweeping staircase leads to luxurious rooms, some with pretty quay views. The Old Dining Room restaurant is one of East Kent's poshest nosh spots. King's ArmsINN ( %01304-617330; www.kingsarms-sandwich.co.uk; cnr Church St & Strand St; light meals £3-9, mains £10-17; W) This cosy 15th-century inn opposite St Mary's church serves quality English food and very popular Sunday lunches in a beamed dining room heated by large fireplaces. There are six B&B rooms upstairs. No Name ShopDELI, BISTRO (www.nonameshop.co.uk; No Name St; snacks £1.60-6.75, meals £6.50-14.50; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, 9am-4pm Sun) This far-from-anonymous French-owned deli (downstairs) and bistro (upstairs) near the bus stop is a pleasantly aromatic spot for a quick sandwich in Sandwich or an 'oozylicious' _croque-monsieur,_ as well as more sophisticated dishes, followed by a relaxing glass of something Gallic. Very popular among locals, some of whom seem to regularly prefer it over their own kitchens. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01304-613565; www.open-sandwich.co.uk; Guildhall, Cattle Market; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct) Located in the historic Guildhall. 8Getting There & Away Trains run from Dover Priory train station (22 minutes, hourly), Ramsgate (12 minutes, hourly) and London Charing Cross (£33.20, 2½ hours, hourly). Buses also go to Ramsgate (£2.90, 22 minutes, hourly), Dover (£5.50, 45 minutes, hourly) and Canterbury (£3.50, 40 minutes, three hourly). ### Dover Pop 37,090 Down-in-the-dumps Dover has certainly seen better days. Its derelict postwar architecture and shabby town centre of vacant shops is a sad introduction to England for travellers arriving on cross-Channel ferries and cruise ships, most of whom pass through quickly. Lucky, then, that the town has a couple of stellar attractions to redeem it. The port's vital strategic position so close to mainland Europe gave rise to a sprawling hilltop castle, which has some 2000 years of history to its credit. The spectacular white cliffs, as much a symbol of English wartime resilience as Winston Churchill or the Battle of Britain, rear in chalky magnificence to the east and west. Dover 1Top Sights 1Dover CastleC1 1Sights 2Dover MuseumB2 3Roman Painted HouseB2 4Sleeping 4Dover Marina HotelB3 5East Lee Guest HouseB1 5Eating 6AllotmentA1 7La Salle VerteB2 1Sights & Activities oDover CastleCASTLE (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £17/10.20; h10am-6pm Apr-Jul & Sep, 9.30am-6pm Aug, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) Occupying top spot, literally and figuratively, in Dover's townscape, this most impressive of castles was built to bolster the country's weakest point at the shortest sea crossing to mainland Europe. The highlights here are the unmissable **secret wartime tunnels** and the **Great Tower** , but the huge area it sprawls across has a lot of other bits, so allow at least three hours for your visit, more if you stand to admire the views across the Channel to France. The site has been in use for as many as 2000 years. On the vast grounds are the remains of a **Roman lighthouse** , which dates from AD 50 and may be the oldest standing building in Britain. Beside it lies the restored Saxon **Church of St Mary in Castro**. The robust 12th-century Great Tower, with walls up to 7m thick, is a medieval warren filled with interactive exhibits and light-and-sound shows that take visitors back to the times of Henry II. The biggest draw of all is the network of secret wartime tunnels. The claustrophobic chalk-hewn passageways were first excavated during the Napoleonic Wars and then expanded to house a command post and hospital in WWII. The highly enjoyable 50-minute guided tour (every 20 minutes) tells the story of one of Britain's most famous wartime operations, code-named Dynamo, which was directed from here in 1940 and saw hundreds of thousands of men evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk. The story is told in a very effective way, with video projected sharply onto the tunnel walls and sounds rumbling through the rock. At one point the entire passageway is consumed in flames and at others visitors are plunged into complete darkness. Dover MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dovermuseum.co.uk; Market Sq; adult/child £3.50/2.25; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat year-round, 10am-3pm Sun Apr-Sep) By far the most enthralling exhibit in the town's three-storey museum is an astonishing 3600-year-old Bronze Age boat, discovered here in 1992. Vaunted as the world's oldest-known seagoing vessel, it measures a thumping 9.5m by 2.4m and is kept in a huge, low-lit, climate-controlled glass case. Roman Painted HouseRUIN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; New St; adult/child £3/2; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Jun-Sep) A crumbling 1960s bunker is the unlikely setting for some of the most extensive, if stunted, Roman wall paintings north of the Alps. Several scenes depict Bacchus (Roman god of wine and revelry), which makes perfect sense as this large villa was built around AD 200 as a _mansio_ (hotel) for travellers needing a little lubrication to unwind. 4Sleeping B&Bs are clustered along Castle St, Maison Dieu Rd and Folkestone Rd. Blériot'sGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01304-211394; www.bleriotsguesthouse.co.uk; 47 Park Ave; s/d £35/52; p W) Spacious eight-room guesthouse in a quiet residential location but within walking distance of all the sights. Some of the light-filled rooms have original Victorian fireplaces; there's a cosy lounge; and the hosts are the friendliest you'll meet in the southeast. Breakfast is £6 extra. Dover Marina HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01304-203633; www.dovermarinahotel.co.uk; Waterloo Cres; r £89-130; W) Just a few steps from Dover's beach, this seafront hotel crams 81 rooms of varying dimensions into a gently curving 1870s edifice. The undulating corridors show the building's age, but there's nothing wonky about the rooms with their trendy ethnic fabrics, big-print wallpaper and contemporary artwork. Half the rooms have unrivalled sea views and 10 boast much-sought-after balconies. East Lee Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01304-210176; www.eastlee.co.uk; 108 Maison Dieu Rd; d £65-75; p W) This lovely terracotta-shingled town house impresses with its grand, elegantly decorated communal areas, scrupulously maintained rooms, energetic hosts and excellent, varied breakfasts. oWallett's CourtHOTEL ( %01304-852424; www.wallettscourt.com; Westcliffe, St Margaret's-at-Cliffe; d £120-330; p W s) With its soothing spa, first-rate restaurant and perky service, this is one relaxing country retreat. Digs at this country house set in rolling farmland range from spacious Jacobean guestrooms to beamed converted barns to a canvas wigwam (for a night of 'glamping'). Heading towards Deal, turn right off the A258 after almost 2 miles for Westcliffe. 5Eating La Salle VerteCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 14-15 Cannon St; snacks £2-6; h9am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) A much-loved coffee or lunch halt with fascinating black-and-white images of old Dover lining the walls, an intimate cellar and friendly staff. Fills up at lunch, even on winter Wednesdays. oAllotmentBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theallotmentdover.com; 9 High St; mains £7.50-16; h8.30am-10pm Tue-Sat) Dover's best dining spot plates up local fish and meat from around Canterbury, seasoned with herbs from the tranquil garden out back, for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Cleanse your palette with a Kentish wine in a relaxed, understated setting as you admire the view of the Maison Dieu (13th-century pilgrims' hospital) directly opposite through the exquisite stained-glass frontage. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 68-72 Pencester Rd; h7am-10pm Mon-Sat, 8am-8pm Sun) Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01304-201066; www.whitecliffscountry.org.uk; Market Sq; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat year-round, 10am-3pm Sun Apr-Sep) Located in the Dover Museum. 8Getting There & Away Boat Ferries depart for France from the Eastern Docks below the castle. Fares vary according to season and advance purchase. These days services seem to be in a constant state of flux. DFDSFERRY ( %0871-5747235; www.dfdsseaways.co.uk) Services to Dunkirk (two hours, every two hours). MyFerryLinkFERRY ( %0844 2482 100; www.myferrylink.com) Services to Calais (1½ hours, five times daily). P&O FerriesFERRY ( %0871-6642020; www.poferries.com) Runs to Calais (1½ hours, every 40 to 60 minutes). Bus Dover connections: A **Canterbury** £4.90, 40 minutes, four hourly A **London** **Victoria** Coach 007; £14.80, 2½ to 3½ hours, 12 daily A **Sandwich** £5.50, 40 minutes, hourly Train Dover connections: A **London** **Charing** **Cross** £22.30, two hours, twice hourly A **London St Pancras** High-speed service, £38.50, one hour, hourly A **Ramsgate** (via Sandwich) £9.30, 35 minutes, hourly 8Getting Around Between 7am and 9pm, a **port shuttle bus** (£2, five minutes, every 20 minutes) runs between the Eastern Docks and the train station, a long walk apart. ### Around Dover White Cliffs of DoverLANDMARK Immortalised in song, film and literature, these iconic cliffs are embedded in the national consciousness, and are a big 'Welcome Home' sign to generations of travellers and soldiers. The cliffs rise to 100m high and extend on either side of Dover, but the best bit is the 6-mile stretch that starts about 2 miles east of town, properly known as the Langdon Cliffs. The Langdon Cliffs are managed by the National Trust, which has a tourist office ( %01304-202756; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Feb) and car park (nonmembers £3 per park per day) 2 miles east of Dover along Castle Hill Rd and the A258 road to Deal, or off the A2 past the Eastern Docks. From the tourist office, follow the stony path east along the clifftops for a bracing 2-mile walk to the stout Victorian South Foreland Lighthouse (NT; adult/child £5/2.50; hguided tours 11am-5.30pm Fri-Mon mid-Mar–Oct). This was the first lighthouse to be powered by electricity and is the site of the first international radio transmissions, in 1898. A mile further on the same trail brings you to delightful **St Margaret's Bay** , a gap in the chalk with a sun-trapping shingle beach and the welcoming Coastguard Pub (www.thecoastguard.co.uk; mains £10-16; h10.30am-11pm). This is the closest point to France and many a cross-Channel swimmer has stepped into the briny here. From the top of the hill, bus 15 shuttles back to Dover or onward to Deal every hour. To see the cliffs in all their full-frontal glory, Dover White Cliffs Tours ( %01303-271388; www.doverwhiteclifftours.com; adult/child £10/5; hdaily Jul & Aug, Sat & Sun Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct) runs 40-minute sightseeing trips at least three times daily from the Western Docks. Dover Sea Safari ( %01304-212880; www.doverseasafari.co.uk; Dover Sea Sports Centre, Esplanade; adult/child £25/13; hyear round) offers exciting, fast-moving rigid inflatable tours of the Cliffs and beyond. ## 2Driving Tour Dover to Rye **Start** Dover Eastern Docks **End** Rye **Length** 35.5 miles; at least four hours (without Dungeness Peninsula detour) If you've just rolled off a cross-Channel ferry or have a day away from a cruise ship docked in Dover, instead of heading north to London, why not take this fascinating route along the white cliffs and across the flat marshes of the Kent–Sussex border to discover some of the southeast's hidden corners. Buses 100, 101 and 102 follow this route between Dover, Lydd and Hastings. Starting at the exit to Dover's frantic 1 **Eastern Docks** , where all cross-Channel ferries tie up, take the A20 along the seafront. After a few minutes this dual-carriageway begins to climb onto the famous white cliffs west of Dover. Your first stop is just outside town – take the turning for 2 **Samphire Hoe** nature park, a ledge of parkland created between the white cliffs and the sea using 5 million cu metres of chalk excavated during the construction of the Channel tunnel. It's a fine spot for a picnic as you watch the 30 local species of butterfly flutter by. Back on the A20, it's a mere 1.75 miles to the exit for the village of Capel-Le-Ferne (on the B2011). Well signposted at the end of the village is the 3 **Battle of Britain Memorial** , a striking monument to the airmen who took part in the decisive struggle with the Luftwaffe in the skies above Kent and Sussex. An airman seated at the centre of a huge Spitfire propeller looks out serenely across the Channel. At the time of writing a new visitor centre was under construction nearby. Returning to the B2011, a few gear changes will have you on the outskirts of 4 **Folkestone**. Take a left at the first roundabout then the sixth right onto Dover Rd. This will take you into the centre of this formerly grand old resort, once a favourite stomping ground of royal bon viveur King Edward VII and a forgotten piece of England's seaside past. Take a stroll through the seafront Leas Coastal Park with its subtropical flora, then halt for fish and chips at the old fish market before ambling up through the Creative Quarter, Folkestone's old town now occupied by artists studios and craft shops. Heading out of Folkestone to the west on the A259 Sandgate Rd, you pass through Sandgate with its antique shops and shingle beach. From there it's another 2.5 miles to fascinating little 5 **Hythe**. You could spend a full day in this original Cinque Port. Not only is it the eastern terminus of the fascinating narrow-gauge Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway (RH&D Railway), but the Royal Military Canal also flows through the town and there's a quaint high street and beach to explore. Heading ever west, a series of not-so-attractive shingle resorts such as Dymchurch and St Mary's are strung along the A259, cowering below their huge dykes, which keep the high tides from turning this stretch of the coast into sea bottom. You've now left the white cliffs behind and are entering the 6 **Romney Marsh** , a flat, sparsely populated landscape of reed beds and sheep-dotted fields. There's a visitor centre (www.kentwildlifetrust.org.uk) between St Mary's Bay and New Romney (on the A259) for those with time. Having negotiated New Romney, another of the original five Cinque Ports, just outside the town take the turning to the left onto the B2075, which leads to 7 **Lydd** , a quaint former corporate member of the Cinque Ports. From here detour along the lonely Dungeness Rd, which heads across the flats of the eerie 8 **Dungeness Peninsula** , a low shingle spit dominated by a brooding nuclear power station. As well as boasting the southeast's largest seabird colony, it's also the western terminus of the RH&D Railway. Back in Lydd stick with the B2075 heading west for 6 miles until you reach Camber. Thought the entire south coast had just shingle beaches? Well, the main attraction here is 9 **Camber Sands** , a wide expanse of golden grains and dunes, ideal for picnicking and strolling. The B2075 winds through shingly, scrubby wetlands until it rejoins the A259 at the hamlet of East Guldeford, where you should turn left towards Rye. Along the roads around here you will see the main source of revenue from the Romney Marsh – thousands of sheep grazing on the verdant flats. The A259 barrels across the marshes, eventually depositing you in a **Rye** , one of the southeast's quaintest towns. ## East Sussex Home to rolling countryside, medieval villages and gorgeous coastline, this inspiring corner of England is besieged by weekending Londoners whenever the sun pops out. And it's not hard to see why as you explore the cobbled medieval streets of Rye; wander around historic Battle, where William the Conqueror first engaged the Saxons in 1066; and peer over the edge of the breathtaking Seven Sisters chalk cliffs and Beachy Head near the genteel seaside town of Eastbourne. Brighton, a highlight of any visit, offers some kicking nightlife, offbeat shopping and British seaside fun. Off the beaten track, you can stretch your legs on the South Downs Way, which traverses England's newest national park, the South Downs National Park. ### Rye Pop 4500 Often described as England's quaintest town, Rye is a little nugget of the past, a medieval settlement that looks like it's been dunked in formaldehyde and left on the shelf for all to admire. Even the most hard-boiled cynic can't fail to be softened by Rye's cobbled lanes, mysterious passageways and crooked half-timbered Tudor buildings. Tales of resident smugglers, ghosts, writers and artists abound. Rye was once one of the Cinque Ports, occupying a high promontory above the sea. Today the town rises 2 miles from the briny; sheep graze where the Channel's strong tides once swelled. 1Sights Most start their exploration of Rye in famous **Mermaid St** , a short walk from the Rye Heritage Centre. It bristles with 15th-century timber-framed houses with quirky house names such as 'The House with Two Front Doors' and 'The House Opposite'. Ypres TowerMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ryemuseum.co.uk; adult/child £3/free; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 3.30pm Nov-Mar) Just off Church Sq stands the sandcastle-esque Ypres Tower (pronounced 'wipers'). You can scramble through the 13th-century building to learn about its long history as a fort, prison, mortuary and museum (the last two at overlapping times), but it's the views of Rye Bay, Dungeness nuclear power station and even France on very clear days, that will hold your attention longest. Lamb HouseHOUSE, MUSEUM (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; West St; adult/child £5/2.60; h2-6pm Tue & Sat late Mar-Oct) This Georgian town house is a favourite stomping ground for local apparitions, but its most famous resident was American writer Henry James, who lived here from 1898 to 1916, during which time he wrote _The Wings of the Dove_. Church of St Mary the VirginCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church Sq; tower adult/child £3/1; h9.15am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30 Nov-Mar) Rye's church is a hotchpotch of medieval and later styles, and its turret clock is the oldest in England (1561) still working with its original pendulum, which swings above your head as you enter. Climb the tower for pretty views of the town and surroundings. 4Sleeping oJeake's HouseHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01797-222828; www.jeakeshouse.com; Mermaid St; s/d from £70/90; p W) Situated on Mermaid St, this 17th-century town house once belonged to US poet Conrad Aitken. The 11 rooms are named after writers who stayed here. The decor was probably slightly less bold then, minus the beeswaxed antiques and lavish drapery. Take a pew in the snug book-lined bar and, continuing the theme, enjoy breakfast in an 18th-century former Quaker chapel. Mermaid InnHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01797-223065; www.mermaidinn.com; Mermaid St; s/d from £90/150; p) Few inns can claim to be as atmospheric as this ancient hostelry, dating from 1420. Each of the 31 rooms is different, but all are thick with dark beams and lit by leaded windows, and some are graced by secret passageways that now act as fire escapes. It also has one of Rye's best restaurants. George in RyeHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01797-222114; www.thegeorgeinrye.com; 98 High St; d from £135; i W) This old coaching inn has managed to reinvent itself as a contemporary boutique hotel while staying true to its roots. Downstairs, an old-fashioned wood-panelled lounge is warmed by roaring log fires, while the guestrooms in the main building, created by the set designer from the film _Pride & Prejudice,_ are chic and understated. 5Eating HaydensCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.haydensinrye.co.uk; 108 High St; snacks/meals from £4-9; h10am-5pm) Staunch believer in organic and fair-trade produce, Haydens dishes up delicious omelettes, ploughman's lunches, salads and bagels in a light, breezy cafe. There's a wonderful elevated terrace at the back with great views over town and country. Also runs an excellent seven-room ecofriendly guesthouse upstairs. Landgate Bistro BRITISH (www.landgatebistro.co.uk; 5-6 Landgate; mains £13-20; hnoon-3pm Sat & Sun, 7-9pm Wed-Sat) Escape the medieval excesses of Rye's central eateries to this fresh-feeling bistro slightly off the tourist trail near the impressive 14th-century Landgate. The focus here is on competently crafted dishes using local lamb and fish; locals who eat here love it. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE (Unit 2, Station Approach; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 1pm Sat) Rye Heritage CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01797-226696; www.ryeheritage.co.uk; Strand Quay; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, reduced hours Nov-Mar) See a town-model audiovisual history for £3.50 and, upstairs, a freaky collection of penny-in-the-slot novelty machines. Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01797-229049; www.visit1066country.com; 4-5 Lion St; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) Accommodation bookings, and train and bus tickets. 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Dover** Bus 100, two hours, hourly A **Hastings** Bus 344 or 100, 40 minutes, two per hour Train A **London** **Charing** **Cross** £22.30, two hours, hourly (change in Ashford) ### Battle Pop 6170 'If there'd been no battle, there'd be no Battle,' goes the saying in this unassuming village, which grew up around the hillside where invading French duke William of Normandy, aka William the Conqueror, scored a decisive victory over local king Harold in 1066. The epicentre of 1066 country, visitors flock here to see the spot where Harold got it in the eye, with the biggest crowd turning up mid-October to witness the annual re-enactment on the original battlefield. 1Sights Battle AbbeyHISTORIC SITE (EH; adult/child £7.80/4.70; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Oct-Mar) On this spot raged the pivotal battle in the last successful invasion of England in 1066: an event that had an unparalleled impact on the country's subsequent social structure, language and, well, pretty much everything. Four years after, the Normans began constructing an abbey on the battlefield, a penance ordered by the pope for the loss of life incurred here. Only the foundations of the original church remain, the altar's position supposedly the spot King Harold famously took an arrow in his eye. Other impressive monastic buildings survive and make for atmospheric explorations. The battlefield's innocently rolling lush hillsides do little to evoke the ferocity of the event, but high-tech interactive presentations and a film at the visitors centre, as well as blow-by-blow audio tours, do their utmost to bring the battle to life. Yesterday's WorldMUSEUM (www.yesterdaysworld.co.uk; 89-90 High St; adult/child £7.95/5.75; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 11am-4pm Oct-Mar) Overshadowed literally and figuratively by the Battle Abbey, this excellent museum constitutes an incredible repository of England's retail past. The first building houses entire streets of quaint old shops where costumed dummies proffer long-discontinued brands, every space in between stuffed with yesteryear products, enamel advertising signs, battered toys, wartime memorabilia and general nostalgia-inducing knick-knackery. The second building houses the Royalty Room where a cardboard cut-out illustrates just how tiny Queen Victoria was (1.40m). 8Information The town's tourist information point is housed in Yesterday's World museum. 8Getting There & Away Bus 304/305 goes to Hastings (26 minutes, hourly). Trains travel to Hastings (£4.10, 15 minutes, twice hourly) and to London Charing Cross (£22.10, one hour and 20 minutes, twice hourly). ### Hastings Pop 90,300 Forever associated with the Norman invasion of 1066 (even though the crucial events took place 6 miles away), Hastings thrived as one of the Cinque Ports and, in its Victorian heyday, was one of the country's most fashionable resorts. After a period of steady decline, the town is enjoying a mini-renaissance, and these days is an intriguing mix of tacky resort, fishing port and arty New Age hang-out. ### THE LAST INVASION OF ENGLAND If there's one date that seared itself into every English schoolchild's brain, it's 1066, the year of the most famous battle in the country's history. The punch-up in question was the Battle of Hastings, which began when King Harold's army arrived in a field near what is now the village of Battle on 14 October and created a three-ringed defence consisting of archers, cavalry and massed infantry at the rear. Invading French duke William of Normandy, aka William the Conqueror, marched north from Hastings and took up a position about 400m south of the English. He tried repeatedly to break the cordon, but Harold's men held fast. William's knights then feigned retreat, drawing some of Harold's troops after them. It was a fatal mistake. Seeing the gap in the English wall, William ordered his remaining troops to charge through, and the battle was as good as won. Among the English casualties was King Harold who, as tradition has it, was hit in the eye by an arrow and struck down by Norman knights as he tried to pull it out. At news of his death, the last English resistance collapsed. In their irreverent parody of a British history textbook, _1066 and All That_ (1930), Sellar and Yeatman suggest that 'the Norman conquest was a Good Thing, as from this time onward England stopped being conquered and thus was able to become top nation...' 1Sights StadeNEIGHBOURHOOD (Rock-A-Nore Rd) The seafront area known as the Stade (below East Hill) is home to distinctive black clapboard structures known as Net Shops. These were built to store fishing gear back in the 17th century, but some now house fishmongers who sell off the catch of Europe's largest beach-launched fishing fleet, usually hauled up on the shingle behind. All these fishy goings-on keep the Stade very much a working place, with the combined pong of diesel and guts scenting the air. Hastings Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM (www.hmag.org.uk; Johns Place, Bohemia Rd; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, noon-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, shorter hours Oct-Mar) F A short walk west of the train station, this marvelous little museum is housed in a red-brick mansion. Highlights inside include the intricately Moorish Durbar Hall and a section on John Logie Baird, who invented television while recuperating from an illness in Hastings between February 1923 and November 1924. Jerwood GalleryGALLERY (www.jerwoodgallery.org; Rock-A-Nore Rd; adult/child £8/3.50; h11am-4pm Tue-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun) Large, purpose-built exhibition venue at the end of the Stade used for temporary shows of contemporary British art as well as themed installations from the Jerwood collection. The building has a great cafe with sunny Channel views. Fishermen's MuseumMUSEUM (Rock-A-Nore Rd; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Mar) F Shoals of barnacled exhibits swim around the huge _Enterprise_ fishing boat at this Stade museum, housed in a former fishers' church. Hastings CastleRUIN (www.discoverhastings.co.uk; Castle Hill Rd; adult/child £4.35/3.60; h10am-4pm Easter-Sep) This fortress was built by William the Conquerer, and an exhibition in the grounds tells the story of the castle and the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Smugglers AdventureCAVE (www.smugglersadventure.co.uk; St Clement Caves; adult/child £7.50/5.50; h10am-5pm Easter-Sep) On West Hill, a short walk east of the Hastings Castle, is the Smugglers Adventure, where you can explore underground caverns and hear smuggling yarns from the Sussex coast. Shipwreck MuseumMUSEUM (www.shipwreckmuseum.co.uk; Rock-a-Nore Rd; admission free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) F An old-school repository of junk salvaged from various vessels that have sunk in the Channel, plus sections on fossils and diving. ### A PIER INTO THE FUTURE Hastings last hit the national news in October 2010 when its Victorian pier burnt down. The ballroom at the end of the structure, where the likes of the Clash, Sex Pistols, Rolling Stones, The Who, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd once performed, was completely destroyed. Work is now under way to rebuild the pier as an open performance space, however, with some of the funding coming from local people. 4Sleeping & Eating Swan HouseB&B ( %01424-430014; www.swanhousehastings.co.uk; 1 Hill St; s/d from £80/120; i W) Inside its 15th-century timbered shell, this place blends contemporary and vintage chic to perfection. The four rooms feature organic toiletries, fresh flowers, hand-painted walls and huge beds. The guest lounge, where pale sofas, painted floorboards and striking modern sculpture rub shoulders with beams and a huge stone fireplace, is a stunner. Dragon BarRESTAURANT (71 George St; mains £10-18, weekday lunch menu £7; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; W) The younger end of the alternative old-town crowd is attracted to this atmospheric, hip bar-restaurant hang-out. It's full of dark walls, mismatched furniture and beaten leather sofas, and the eclectic menu features everything from Thai curry to Winchelsea lamb and pizzas. 6Drinking & Nightlife Hanushka Coffee House CAFE (28 George St; h9.30am-6pm) Hastings' best caffeine stop resembles a very well-stocked secondhand bookshop with every inch of wall space packed with browsable titles. The low-lit and tightly packed space in between provokes inter-table interaction, or you can seek sanctuary on the sofas and perches in the window. No wi-fi. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01424-451111; www.visit1066country.com; Aquila House, Breeds Pl; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun Apr-Sep, shorter hours Oct-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Eastbourne** Bus 99, 80 minutes, four per hour A **London Victoria** National Express, £14.40, three hours, daily A **Rye** Buses 100 & 344, 40 minutes, twice hourly Train A **Brighton** Via Eastbourne, £12.90, one hour to 80 minutes, twice hourly A **London Victoria** £17.30, two hours, hourly 8Getting Around Hastings has two delightful old Victorian funiculars. East Hill Cliff RailwayFUNICULAR (Rock-A-Nore Rd; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Oct-Mar) The East Hill Cliff Railway funicular ascends from the Stade to Hastings Country Park. West Hill Cliff RailwayFUNICULAR (George St; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h10am-5.30pm Mar-Sep, 11am-4pm Oct-Feb) The West Hill Cliff Railway funicular saves visitors' legs when climbing up to Hastings Castle. ### Eastbourne Pop 99,000 Despite its official title as 'Britain's sunniest town', Eastbourne has been slow to throw off its unattractive image as death's waitingroom by the chilly Channel, all snoozing octogenarians in deckchairs and fusty guesthouses populated by vitamin D–deprived bank-holidaying Scots. But while much of this is still to be found here, in the last decade an influx of students and the arrival of the southeast's largest Polish community have given the town a sprightlier feel. Eastbourne's 3.5-mile sweeping, palm-tree-lined seafront is one of the UK's grandest. Add to this a fresh modern art gallery and the recently created South Downs National Park that nudges its western suburbs and Eastbourne certainly makes an enjoyable day trip from London or Brighton. It's also the start and end point for a hike along the 100-mile South Downs Way. 1Sights & Activities Towner Art GalleryART GALLERY ( %01323-434670; www.townereastbourne.org.uk; Devonshire Park, College Rd; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun, tours 11.30am & 2pm) F One of the southeast's most exciting exhibition spaces, this purpose-built structure has temporary shows of contemporary work on the ground and 2nd floors, while the first floor is given over to rotating themed shows created from the gallery's 5000-piece collection. Building tours include a peek inside the climate-controlled art store. PierLANDMARK ( %01323-410466; www.eastbournepier.com; h24hr) Until the summer of 2014, Eastbourne's ramshackle pier was a lovable piece of rusty Victoriana jutting into the Channel. But on 30 July 2014 a fire broke out in the amusement arcade at the land end of the structure, destroying a third of the pier as thousands of tanning holidaymakers looked on. Some clever firefighting saved the other two-thirds, however, and Eastbourne's finest landmark is set to reopen in 2015. Museum of ShopsMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 20 Cornfield Tce; adult/child £5/4; h10am-5pm, closed Jan) This small museum is swamped by an obsessive collection of how-we-used-to-live memorabilia. TTours Sussex VoyagesBOAT TOUR ( %01293-888780; www.sussexvoyages.co.uk; Lower Quayside, The Waterfront, Sovereign Harbour Marina; adult/child £25/14) Hour-long Beachy Head and Seven Sisters boat tours leaving from Sovereign Harbour (take hourly bus 51) on rigid-hulled inflatables. Reservations essential. zFestivals & Events AirbourneAIR SHOW (www.airshows.org.uk; hmid-Aug) Arguably the UK's best airshow – as it's free! Takes place over the Channel. 4Sleeping Big SleepHOTEL ( %01323-722676; www.thebigsleephotel.com; King Edward's Pde; s/d from £45/60; W) Hip, fresh and friendly, this seafront hotel has 50 gob-smacking rooms with big-print wallpaper, retro furnishings, and curtains that resemble sheep that might have been grazing on Beachy Head just a few hours prior. A trendy bar, big basement games room and Channel views make this Eastbourne's coolest kip. Albert & VictoriaB&B ( %01323-730948; www.albertandvictoria.com; 19 St Aubyns Rd; s/d from £35/70; W) Book ahead to stay at this delightful Victorian terraced house, whose fragrant rooms, canopied beds, crystal chandeliers and secluded walled garden for summer breakfasts are mere paces from the seafront promenade. The four rooms are named after four of Queen Victoria's offspring. 5Eating Lamb InnPUB (www.thelamb.eu; 36 High St; mains £8.50-11; h11am-11.30pm) This Eastbourne institution located less than a mile northwest of the train station in the undervisited Old Town has been plonking Sussex ales on the bar for eight centuries, and now also serves gourmet British pub grub. A holidaying Charles Dickens also left a few beer rings and smudged napkins here when he stayed across the road. Buses 1, 1A and 12 stop nearby. Belgian CafeBELGIAN (www.thebelgiancafe.co.uk; 11-23 Grand Pde; mains £11-22.50) If you didn't know that Belgian beer can taste of fruit; the national dish is mussels and chips; and Tintin hails from its capital, Brussels, you will once you've experienced this popular cafe near the pier. Fifty types of mussel dishes and the same number of Belgian ales are available. 3Entertainment Eastbourne International Tennis TournamentTENNIS (www.devonshireparkltc.co.uk; Devonshire Park; hmid-Jun) One of the UK's top tennis tournaments played in the week before Wimbledon. Attracts some of the biggest names. 7Shopping Camilla's BookshopBOOKS (www.camillasbookshop.com; 57 Grove Rd; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) Literally packed to the rafters with half a million musty volumes, this incredible secondhand-book repository, an interesting amble from the train station, fills three floors of a crumbling Victorian town house. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %0871-6630031; www.visiteastbourne.com; Cornfield Rd; h9.15am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10am-1pm Sun Apr-Oct, closed Sun & shorter hours Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Brighton** Bus 12, 75 minutes, up to four hourly A **Hastings** Bus 98/99, 70 minutes, three per hour Train A **Brighton** £10.30, 30 to 40 minutes, twice hourly A **London Victoria** £17.30, 1½ hours, twice hourly ### Around Eastbourne The **South Downs National Park** , more than 600 sq miles of rolling chalk downs, stretches west from Eastbourne for about 100 miles. The South Downs Way extends its entire length. #### Beachy Head Beachy HeadLANDMARK The famous cliffs of Beachy Head are the highest point of the chalky rock faces that slice across the rugged coastline at the southern end of the South Downs. It's off the B2103, from the A259 between Eastbourne and Newhaven. From here the stunning **Seven Sisters Cliffs** undulate their way west. A clifftop path (a branch of the South Downs Way) rides the waves of chalk as far as picturesque Cuckmere Haven. Eastbourne's City Sightseeing (www.city-sightseeing.co.uk; Eastbourne Pier; adult/child £9/5; hevery 30min 10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) tour bus stops at the clifftop. Beachy Head is a spot of thrilling beauty. Unfortunately it is also known as one of Europe's suicide spots. Along the clifftop path, you'll stumble upon the tiny seaside hamlet of Birling Gap, where you can stop for a drink, snack or ice cream at the Birling Gap Hotel (Seven Sisters Cliffs). The secluded beach is a sun-trap popular with locals and walkers taking a breather. #### Pevensey Castle Pevensey CastleRUIN (EH; Castle Rd, Pevensey; adult/child £5/3; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep) The ruins of William the Conqueror's first stronghold sit 5 miles east of Eastbourne, just off the A259. Regular train services between London Victoria and Hastings via Eastbourne stop at Westham, half a mile from Pevensey. Picturesquely dissolving into its own moat, the castle marks the point where William the Conqueror landed in 1066, just two weeks before the Battle of Hastings. He wasted no time after his landing by building upon sturdy Roman walls to create this castle, which was used time and again through the centuries, right up to WWII. ### Brighton & Hove Pop 273,400 Raves on the beach, Graham Greene novels, mods and rockers in bank-holiday fisticuffs, naughty weekends for Mr and Mrs Smith, classic car runs from London, the UK's biggest gay scene and the Channel's best clubbing – this city by the sea evokes many images for the British. One thing is certain: with its bohemian, cosmopolitan and hedonistic vibe, Brighton is where England's seaside experience goes from cold to cool. Brighton is without doubt Britain's most colourful and outrageous city, and one with many faces. Here, burlesque meets contemporary design; Spanish students leave Starbucks to rub shoulders with stars in Spanish bars; the southeast's grottiest hostels share thin walls with kinky boutique hotels; microbrew ales costing £4 a pint occupy bar space with £1 buckets of 'sex on the beach'; and stags watch drag. This is the city that returned the UK's first Green Party MP, where Valentine's Day is celebrated with more gusto than Christmas, and is the place, according to the 2001 census, with the highest UK population of Jedi. Brighton rocks all year round, but really comes to life during the summer months when tourists, language students and revellers from London pour into the city, keen to explore the city's legendary nightlife, summer festivals and quirky shops. The highlight for the sightseeing visitor is, without doubt, the weird and wonderful Royal Pavilion, a 19th-century party palace built by the Prince Regent, who kicked off Brighton's enduring love of the outlandish. Brighton & Hove 1Top Sights 1Royal PavilionE3 1Sights 2Brighton Museum & Art GalleryE2 3Brighton PierF4 4Sleeping 4Baggies BackpackersA3 5DrakesG4 6Hotel PeliroccoB3 7Hotel UnaB3 8Kipps BrightonF2 9Motel SchmotelB3 10myhotelE2 11Neo HotelA2 5Eating 12English's Oyster BarE3 13Food for FriendsD3 14FoodilicD2 15Infinity Foods CafeE2 16IydeaE1 17JB's American DinerD4 18Mock TurtleE4 19Riddle & FinnsE3 20Scoop & CrumbE4 21Tea CosyF3 22Terre à TerreE4 6Drinking & Nightlife 23A BarF4 24AudioF4 25Brighton RocksG4 26BulldogF3 27CoalitionD4 28Concorde 2G4 29DigitalD4 30DorsetE1 31Legends ClubG4 32Poison IvyF3 33Queen's ArmsF3 34RevengeF4 3Entertainment 35Brighton DomeE2 36Komedia TheatreE1 37Theatre RoyalE2 1Sights oRoyal PavilionPALACE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalpavilion.org.uk; Royal Pavilion Gardens; adult/child £11/6; h9.30am-5.45pm Apr-Sep, 10am-5.15pm Oct-Mar) The city's must-see attraction is the Royal Pavilion, the glittering party pad and palace of Prince George, later Prince Regent and then King George IV. It's one of the most opulent buildings in England, certainly the finest example of early 19th-century chinoiserie anywhere in Europe and an apt symbol of Brighton's reputation for decadence. An unimpressed Queen Victoria called the Royal Pavilion 'a strange, odd Chinese place', but for visitors to Brighton it's an unmissable chunk of Sussex history. The entire palace is an eye-popping spectacle, but some interiors stand out even amid the riot of decoration. The dragon-themed banqueting hall must be the most incredible in all England; more dragons and snakes writhe in the music room, with its ceiling of 26,000 gold scales; and the then state-of-the-art kitchen must have wowed Georgians with its automatic spits and hot tables. Prince Albert carted away all of the furniture, some of which has been loaned back by the present queen. Brighton Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brighton-hove-museums.org.uk; Royal Pavilion Gardens; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F Set in the Royal Pavilion's renovated stable block, this museum and art gallery has a glittering collection of 20th-century art and design, including a crimson Salvador Dalí sofa modelled on Mae West's lips. There's also an enthralling gallery of world art, an impressive collection of Egyptian artefacts, and an 'images of Brighton' multimedia exhibit containing a series of oral histories and a model of the defunct West Pier. Brighton PierLANDMARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brightonpier.co.uk; Madeira Dr) This grand century-old pier is the place to experience Brighton's tackier side. There are plenty of stomach-churning fairground rides and dingy amusement arcades to keep you amused, and candy floss and Brighton rock to chomp on while you're doing so. Look west and you'll see the sad remains of the **West Pier** , a skeletal iron hulk that attracts flocks of starlings at sunset. It's a sad end for this Victorian marvel, where the likes of Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel once performed. So far there's no sign of the i360 observation tower ('Hurray!' some may cry), a spectacularly space-age piece of architecture from the creators of the London Eye that may one day loom 175m above the seafront (the completion date of 2015 is unlikely). The venue would include a West Pier Heritage Centre – a pavilion with audiovisual exhibits relating the pier's history. zFestivals & Events Brighton FestivalFESTIVAL ( %01273-709 709; www.brightonfestival.org; hMay) After Edinburgh, this is the UK's biggest arts festival. It draws star performers from around the globe for three weeks by the sea. Brighton PrideGAY, LESBIAN (www.brighton-pride.org; hearly Aug) One of the UK's biggest gay bashes with a rainbow-hued parade and concerts in Preston Park. 4Sleeping Brighton has lots of places to sleep to suit every budget and taste, but beds can be scarce on summer weekends and during events such as the Brighton Festival, when booking ahead is recommended. Baggies BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-733740; www.baggiesbackpackers.com; 33 Oriental Pl; dm/d £15/40; W) This place may have recently changed hands, but the new proprietors are determined to maintain the warm, familial atmosphere, worn-in charm, attentive service and clean, snug dorms that have made this long-established hostel an institution. The cosy basement music and chill-out room, and a TV lounge piled high with video cassettes have also survived the changeover, as well as the digital revolution. Kipps BrightonHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-604182; www.kipps-brighton.com; 76 Grand Pde; dm/s/d from £15/25/25; i W) The owners of Canterbury's award-winning hostel have created equally commendable budget digs here in Brighton. There's a real cafe vibe around reception, and facilities include a communal kitchen. Free movie, pizza and pub nights successfully separate guests from their wi-fi-enabled devices. Hotel PeliroccoHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-327055; www.hotelpelirocco.co.uk; 10 Regency Sq; s £59-75, d £109-155; W) One of Brighton's sexiest and nuttiest places to stay, the Pelirocco has become the ultimate venue for a flirty rock-and-roll weekend. Flamboyant rooms, some designed by artists, include the Soviet-chic room with vodka bottles frozen into the walls, the Pin-up Parlour dedicated to Diana Dors, and the Pretty Vacant double, a shrine to the Sex Pistols. There's also a Play Room suite with 3m circular bed, mirrored ceiling and pole-dancing area. Neo HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-711104; www.neohotel.com; 19 Oriental Pl; s incl breakfast £55-65, d incl breakfast £100-150; W) You won't be surprised to learn the owner of this gorgeous hotel is an interior stylist. The nine rooms could have dropped straight from the pages of a design magazine, each finished in rich colours and tactile fabrics, with bold floral and Asian motifs, and black-tiled bathrooms. Wonderful breakfasts include homemade smoothies and pancakes. SnoozeHOTEL ( %01273-605797; www.snoozebrighton.com; 25 St George's Tce; s/d from £55/65; W) The retro styling at this eccentric Kemptown pad features everything from vintage posters and bright '60s and '70s wallpaper to Bollywood film posters, floral sinks and mad clashes of colour. It's more than just a gimmick – the rooms are comfortable and spotless, and there are great meat-free breakfasts. You'll find it just off St James' St, about 500m east of New Steine. Motel SchmotelB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07557-947449; www.motelschmotel.co.uk; 37 Russell Sq; d £63-120; W) If you can overlook the petite rooms and miniscule bathrooms, this 11-room B&B in a Regency town house, a short stroll from virtually anywhere, is a sound and central place to hit the sack. Rooms are accented with colourful oversized prints and an uncluttered design, and guests heap praise on the breakfast cooked by the always-there-to-help couple who run things. Paskins Town HouseB&B ( %01273-601203; www.paskins.co.uk; 18-19 Charlotte St; s £50-75, d £100-150; i W) S Around a kilometre east of Brighton Pier along the seafront, this environmentally friendly B&B is spread between two elegant town houses. Paskins prides itself on using ecofriendly products such as recycled toilet paper, low-energy lightbulbs and biodegradable cleaning materials. The individually designed rooms are beautifully maintained, and excellent organic and vegetarian breakfasts are served in the art deco–inspired breakfast room. myhotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-900300; www.myhotels.com; 17 Jubilee St; r £70-320; W) There's nothing square about this place: trendsetting rooms look like space-age pods with curved white walls, floor-to-ceiling observation windows and suspended flatscreen TVs, enlivened by the odd splash of neon orange or pink. Hook up your iPod and play music through speakers in the ceiling. There's a cocoon-like cocktail bar downstairs and, if you've currency to ignite, a suite with a steamroom and harpooned vintage carousel horse. oHotel UnaBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-820464; www.hotel-una.co.uk; 55-56 Regency Sq; s incl breakfast £55-75, d incl breakfast £115-200; a W) All of the 19 generous rooms here wow guests with their bold-patterned fabrics, supersized leather sofas, in-room free-standing baths and vegan/veggie/carnivorous breakfast in bed. Some, such as the two-level suite with its own mini-cinema, and the underpavement chambers with their own spa and Jacuzzi, are truly show-stopping and not as expensive as you might expect. All this plus a cool cocktail bar and lots of timewarp period features make the Una our numero uno. DrakesBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-696934; www.drakesofbrighton.com; 43-44 Marine Pde; r £115-345; p a i W) This stylishly minimalist boutique hotel oozes understated class. So understated is the entrance, in fact, you could easily miss it. All rooms have similar decor in bold fabrics and funky European elm panelling, but it's the feature rooms everyone wants – their giant freestanding tubs are set in front of full-length bay windows with widescreen Channel views. The basement restaurant is superb. 5Eating Brighton easily has the best choice of eateries on the south coast, with cafes, diners and restaurants to fulfil every dining whim. It's also one of Britain's best destinations for vegetarians, and its innovative meat-free menus are terrific value for anyone on a budget. For food from the former British Empire and beyond, head for Preston St, which has an incredible concentration of ethnic eateries. oIydeaVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.iydea.co.uk; 17 Kensington Gardens; mains £6-7.50; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, from 10am Sun; W v) Even by Brighton's lofty standards, the food at this award-winning vegetarian cafe is a treat. The daily changing choices of curries, lasagnes, falafel, enchiladas and quiches are full of flavour and can be washed down with a selection of vegan wines, organic ales and homemade lemonades. If you're on the hop, you can get any dish to takeaway in environmentally friendly packaging. Infinity Foods CafeVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.infinityfoodscafe.co.uk; 50 Gardner St; mains £3.50-8; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, from 10am Sat, noon-4pm Sun; W v) The sister establishment of Infinity Foods wholefoods shop (health-food cooperative and Brighton institution) serves a wide variety of vegetarian and organic food, with many vegan and wheat- or gluten-free options including tofu burgers, mezze platters and veggie sausage sandwiches. FoodilicBUFFET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.foodilic.com; 60 North St; buffet £6.45, takeaway per 100g £1.20; h9am-9.30pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun) It's as good for breakfast (£2) as for a late dinner, but it's the eat-till-you-burst buffet of scrumptious healthy fare that packs out this funky place all day long. Tea CosyCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theteacosy.co.uk; 3 George St; teas £3.50-12; hnoon-5pm Wed-Fri & Sun, to 5.30pm Sat) Tearoom offering cakes and sandwiches, though you can hardly get in the door due to the royal family memorabilia, including ample Kate and Wills paraphernalia. Mock TurtleCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 4 Pool Valley; mains £4-7; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 6.30pm Sun) Little has changed at this wonderfully quaintly English tearoom since the mid-20th century. Those who've sipped and munched here that long claim the myriad homemade cakes, Sussex cream teas and light meals are as tasty now as they were back then. Scoop & CrumbICE CREAM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 5-6 East St; snacks £3-6, sundaes £2.50-6; h10am-6pm Sun-Fri, to 7pm Sat) This ice-cream parlour belongs to the city's artisan ice-cream producer, and the sundaes (more than 50 types) are second to none. Freshly cut sandwiches and monster toasties are also available. oTerre à TerreVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-729051; www.terreaterre.co.uk; 71 East St; mains £15; hnoon-10.30pm Mon-Fri, 11am-11pm Sat, to 10pm Sun; v) Even staunch meat-eaters will rave about this legendary vegetarian restaurant. A sublime dining experience, from the vibrant modern space to the entertaining menus and inventive dishes stuffed with excitingly zingy ingredients. There's also plenty for vegans. Desserts are on the steep side. Riddle & Finns SEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.riddleandfinns.co.uk; 12 Meeting House Lane; mains £13-18; hnoon-last customer) Regarded as the town's most refined seafood spot, R&F is light on gimmicky interiors (think white butcher's shop tiles, marble tables and candles) but heavy on taste. With the kitchen open to the street outside, chefs put on a public cooking class with every dish as they prepare your smoked haddock in champagne sauce or wild sea bass. There's an elite wine list to choose from as you wait. JB's American DinerFAST FOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://jbsdiner.co.uk; 31 King's Rd; burgers £8-10, mains £6.50-12; h10am-10pm Mon-Sat, from 9am Sun) The waft of hotdogs as you push open the door, the shiny red-leather booths, the stars and stripes draped across the wall, the 1950s soundtrack twanging in the background and the colossal portions of burgers, fries and milkshakes – in short, this is a hefty slab of authentic Americana teleported to the Brighton seafront. Food for FriendsVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.foodforfriends.com; 17-18 Prince Albert St; mains £11-13; v) An ever-inventive choice of vegetarian and vegan food keeps bringing locals back for seconds and thirds at this place to see and be seen – literally, by every passerby through the huge streetside windows. Be prepared to wait for a table on busy shopping days. English's Oyster BarSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.englishs.co.uk; 29-31 East St; mains £9-30; hnoon-10.15pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-4pm Sun) An almost 70-year-old institution and celebrity haunt, this Brightonian seafood paradise dishes up everything from Essex oysters to locally caught lobster and Dover sole. It's converted from fishers' cottages, with shades of the elegant Edwardian era inside and alfresco dining on the pedestrian square outside. GingermanMODERN EUROPEAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-326688; 21a Norfolk Sq; 2-/3-course menu £15/18; h12.30-2pm & 7-10pm Tue-Sun) Hastings seafood, Sussex beef, Romney Marsh lamb, local sparkling wines and countless other seasonal, local and British treats go into the adroitly flash-fried and slow-cooked dishes served at this snug 32-cover eatery. Reservations are advised. Norfolk Sq is a short walk west along Western Rd from the Churchill Square shopping centre. 6Drinking & Nightlife With the exception of London, Brighton's nightlife is the best in the south, with its unique mix of seafront clubs and bars, and visits by top DJs. On West St, drunken stag and hens' parties and charmless, tacky nightclubs rule. For more ideas, visit www.drinkinbrighton.co.uk or search out publications such as _The List,_ _Source_ and _What's On_. Brighton RocksBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brightonrocksbar.co.uk; 6 Rock Pl; h4-11pm Mon-Thu, to 1am Sat, from noon Sun; W) Incongruously located in an alley of garages and used-car lots, this cocktail bar is firmly established on the Kemptown gay scene, but welcomes all-comers with 'Shocktails', a 'grazing' menu and theme parties. DorsetPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thedorset.co.uk; 28 North Rd; h9am-late; W) In fine weather this laid-back Brighton institution throws open its doors and windows, and tables spill out onto the pavement. You'll be just as welcome for a morning coffee as for an evening pint here, and should you not leave between the two, there's a decent gastropub menu. Black DovePUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.blackdovebrighton.com; 74 St James's St; h4pm-late) Eclectic hang-out with shabby-chic furnishings, huge antique ceiling fans, a bar stocked with unusual tipples and a quirky basement snug. Live acoustic music and local DJs provide the soundtrack for evening quaffing that spills out onto the pavements when the mercury is high. CoalitionBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 171-181 Kings Rd Arches; h10am-late) On a summer's day, there's nowhere finer to sit and watch the world go by than at this popular beach bar, diner and club. All sorts of events happen here, from comedy to live music and club nights. Concorde 2CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.concorde2.co.uk; Madeira Dr) Brighton's best-known and best-loved club is a disarmingly unpretentious den, where DJ Fatboy Slim pioneered the Big Beat Boutique and still occasionally graces the decks. Each month there's a huge variety of club nights, live bands and concerts by international names. AudioCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.audiobrighton.com; 10 Marine Pde) Some of the city's top club nights are held at this ear-numbing venue. The music's top priority here, attracting a young, up-for-it crowd. DigitalCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yourfutureisdigital.com/brighton; 187-193 Kings Rd Arches) Seafront club hosting indie, house and student nights. ### GAY & LESBIAN BRIGHTON Brighton has the most vibrant gay community in the country outside London and Kemptown (aka Camptown). On and off St James's St is where it's all at. The old Brunswick Town area of Hove is a quieter alternative to the traditionally cruisy (and sometimes seedy) scene in Kemptown. For up-to-date information on the gay scene in Brighton, check out www.gay.brighton.co.uk and www.realbrighton.com, or pick up the free monthly magazine _Gscene_ (www.gscene.com) from gay venues. ### FOR DRINKING Poison IvyBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 129 St James's St) In-your-face pub featuring drag acts and camp karaoke. A BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.amsterdam.uk.com; 11-12 Marine Pde; hnoon-2am) Extremely hip bar and sauna in the Amsterdam hotel; its sun terrace is a particular hit. BulldogPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bulldogbrighton.com; 31 St James's St) Longest-running gay bar in Brighton, mostly frequented only by men. Queen's ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.queensarmsbrighton.com; 7 George St; h3pm-late) And they ain't talking Victoria or Elizabeth! Plenty of camp cabaret and karaoke at this pub. ### FOR DANCING RevengeCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.revenge.co.uk; 32-34 Old Steine) Nightly disco with occasional cabaret. Legends ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 31-34 Marine Pde) Located beneath the Legends Hotel, arguably the best gay hotel in town and 2009 winner of the Golden Handbag award. 3Entertainment Brighton DomeTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01273-709709; www.brightondome.org; Church St) Once the stables for King George IV's horses, this art deco complex houses three theatre venues within the Royal Pavilion estate. ABBA famously won the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest here. Theatre RoyalTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08448 717 650; New Rd) Built by decree of the Prince of Wales in 1806, this grand venue hosts musicals, plays and operas. Komedia TheatreCOMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 293 8480; www.komedia.co.uk; 44-47 Gardner St) A stylish comedy, theatre and cabaret venue attracting top stand-up acts. 7Shopping In the market for a pair of vegetarian shoes, a gauche portrait of a Lego man or a letter opener in the shape of something naughty? Whatever item you yearn for, old or new, you'll probably find it in Brighton. The tightly packed **Lanes** is the most popular shopping district, its every twist and turn jam-packed with jewellers and gift shops, coffee shops and boutiques selling everything from antique firearms to hard-to-find vinyls. There's another, less-claustrophobic shopping district in **North Laine** , a series of partially pedestrian thoroughfares north of the Lanes, including Bond, Gardner, Kensington and Sydney Sts, lined with retro-cool boutiques and bohemian cafes. Mainstream chains gather within the Churchill Square shopping centre and along Western Rd. 8Information Incredibly, Brighton closed its busy tourist office in 2013. Brighton City GuideTOURIST INFORMATION (www.brighton.co.uk) City CouncilTOURIST INFORMATION (www.brighton-hove.gov.uk) A rich seam of city information. Jubilee LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Jubilee St; h10am-7pm Mon, Tue & Thu, to 5pm Wed, Fri & Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Bring ID to sign up for free internet sessions. Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2-3 Churchill Sq; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Located within WH Smiths. Visit BrightonTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01273-290337; www.visitbrighton.com) There's no tourist office but you can still call or log on for information. 8Getting There & Away Transport between London and Brighton is fast and frequent. If arriving by car, parking is plentiful but pricey, and the city-centre traffic, bus-clogged lanes and road layouts can be confusing. Bus Standard connections: A **Arundel** Bus 700, two hours, twice hourly A **Chichester** Bus 700, 2¾ hours, twice hourly A **Eastbourne** Bus 12, 70 minutes, up to every 10 minutes A **London Victoria** National Express, from £8, 2¼ hours, hourly Train London-bound services pass through Gatwick Airport (£9.80, 25 to 40 minutes, up to five hourly). A **Chichester** £12.60, 50 minutes, half-hourly A **Eastbourne** £10.30, 30 to 40 minutes, half-hourly A **Hastings** £13, 80 minutes, half-hourly A **London St Pancras** £22.40, 1¼ hours, half-hourly A **London Victoria** £24, one hour, three-hourly A **Portsmouth** £15, 1½ hours, hourly 8Getting Around Day bus tickets (£4.60) are available from the drivers of all Brighton and Hove buses. Alternatively a £2 PlusBus ticket on top of your rail fare gives unlimited bus travel for the day. The city operates a pricey pay-and-display parking scheme. In the town centre, it's usually £3.50 per hour for a maximum stay of two hours. Alternatively, there's a Park & Ride 2.5 miles northwest of the centre at Withdean, from where bus 27 zips into town. Cab companies include Brighton Streamline Taxis ( %01273-202020) and City Cabs ( %01273-205205), and there's a taxi rank at the junction of East St and Market St. ## West Sussex West Sussex offers a welcome respite from past-paced adventures. The serene hills and valleys of the South Downs ripple across the county, fringed by sheltered coastline. Beautiful Arundel and cultured Chichester make good bases from which to explore the county's winding country lanes and remarkable Roman ruins. ### Arundel Pop 3410 Arguably the prettiest town in the county, Arundel is clustered around a vast fairy-tale castle, and its hillside streets overflow with antique emporiums, teashops and a host of eateries. While much of the town appears medieval – the whimsical castle has been home to the Dukes of Norfolk for centuries – most of it dates back to Victorian times. 1Sights Arundel CastleCASTLE (www.arundelcastle.org; adult/child £18/9; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Apr-Oct) Arundel Castle was first built in the 11th century but all that's left of the early structure are the modest remains of the keep. It was ransacked during the English Civil War, and most of what you see today is the result of reconstruction by the eigth, 11th and 15th dukes of Norfolk between 1718 and 1900. The current duke still lives in part of the castle, whose highlights include the atmospheric keep, the massive Great Hall and the library. The castle does a good impression of Windsor Castle and St James's Palace in the popular 2009 film _The Young Victoria,_ and occasionally is closed for other film shoots. Arundel CathedralCATHEDRAL (www.arundelcathedral.org; London Rd; h9am-6pm Apr-Oct, to dusk Nov-Mar) Arundel's ostentatious 19th-century Catholic cathedral is the other dominating feature of the town's impressive skyline. Commissioned by the 15th duke of Norfolk in 1868, this impressive structure was designed by Joseph Aloysius Hansom (inventor of the Hansom cab) in the French Gothic style, but shows much Victorian economy and restraint. Although small for a cathedral – it holds just 500 worshippers – Hansom's clever layout makes the building seem a lot bigger. A 1970s shrine in the north transept holds the remains of St Philip Howard, a canonised Catholic martyr who was banged up in the Tower of London by Elizabeth I until his death in 1595 for reverting to Catholicism. The building attracts only a trickle of tourists, rare indeed for a cathedral in southern England. Arundel MuseumMUSEUM (www.arundelmuseum.org; Mill Rd; adult/child £3/2.50; h10am-4pm) Located opposite the Arundel Castle gates, this small, brand-new museum has sections on the castle, the South Downs National Park and the River Arun's role in 19th-century trade, as well as various other bits of Arundelia. 4Sleeping & Eating Arundel HouseB&B ( %01903-882136; www.arundelhouseonline.com; 11 High St; d/ste from £85/120; W) The contemporary chambers at this lovely 'restaurant with rooms' may be slightly low-ceilinged, but they're clean-cut and very comfortable, with showers big enough for two. The restaurant downstairs serves some of the best food in Arundel, which, happily, extends to breakfast. Arden Guest HouseB&B ( %01903-882544; www.ardenguesthouse.net; 4 Queens Lane; s/d £58/78, without bathroom £48/68; p W) For the classic British B&B experience, head to this eight-room guesthouse just over the river from the historical centre. Rooms are kept fresh and tick all the boxes; the hosts are amiable; and the breakfasts are cooked. No pets or children under 14. oTown HouseBRITISH ( %01903-883847; 65 High St; set lunch/dinner from £17.50/25.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 7-9.30pm Tue-Sat) The only thing that rivals the 16th-century Florentine gilded-walnut ceiling in this compact and very elegant eatery is the sparkling atmosphere and acclaimed British cuisine with a European twist. Book ahead. Town House also has well-appointed rooms to let. 7Shopping Arundel is antiques central as far as West Sussex is concerned. If you've come to splurge on old stuff, **Tarrant Street** must have the highest concentration of collectibles shops anywhere in the southeast. Arundel has no tourist office but there is an official information stand at the Arundel Museum. 8Getting There & Away Trains run to London Victoria (£17.30, 1½ hours, twice hourly) and to Chichester (£4.50, 20 minutes, twice hourly); change at Ford or Barnham. There are also links to Brighton (£10.10, 1¼ hours, twice hourly); again, change at Ford or Barnham. Bus 700 runs to Brighton (two hours, twice hourly). ### Chichester Pop 23,700 A lively Georgian market town still almost encircled by its medieval town walls, the administrative capital of West Sussex keeps watch over the plains between the South Downs and the sea. Visitors flock to Chichester's splendid cathedral, streets of handsome 18th-century town houses and its famous theatre, and of course to its pedestrianised shopping streets. A Roman port garrison in its early days, the town is also a launch pad to other fascinating Roman remains, as well as to Arundel and the coast. 1Sights Chichester CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chichestercathedral.org.uk; West St; h7.15am-7pm, tours 11.15am & 2.30pm Mon-Sat) This understated cathedral was begun in 1075 and largely rebuilt in the 13th century. The freestanding church tower went up in the 15th century; the spire dates from the 19th century, when its predecessor famously toppled over. Inside, three storeys of beautiful arches sweep upwards and Romanesque carvings are dotted around. Interesting features to track down include a smudgy stained-glass window added by artist Marc Chagall in 1978 and a glassed-over section of Roman mosaic flooring. Free guided tours last 45 minutes. The excellent cathedral choir is guaranteed to give you goosebumps during the daily evensong (5.30pm). Pallant House GalleryGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pallant.org.uk; 9 North Pallant; adult/child £9/3.50; h10am-5pm Tue, Wed, Fri & Sat, to 8pm Thu, from 11am Sun) A Queen Anne mansion built by a local wine merchant, handsome Pallant House and a 21st-century wing host this superb gallery. The focus is on, mostly British, 20th-century art. Show-stoppers Patrick Caulfield, Lucian Freud, Graham Sutherland, Frank Auerbach and Henry Moore are interspersed with international names such as Emil Filla, Le Corbusier and RB Kitaj. Most of these older works are in the mansion, while the newer wing is packed with pop art and temporary shows of modern and contemporary work. Novium MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thenovium.org; Tower St; adult/child £7/2.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-5pm Tue-Sat Nov-Mar) Chichester's purpose-built museum provides a home for the eclectic collections of the now-defunct District Museum, as well as many artefacts from Fishbourne Palace and a huge mosaic from Chilgrove Roman villa. The highlight is the set of Roman baths discovered in the 1970s, around which the six-million-pound museum was designed. 4Sleeping Accommodation is very thin on the ground in the city centre. Beds fill when there are goings-on at Goodwood racecourse, just to the north of Chichester. Ship HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01243-778000; www.theshiphotel.net; North St; r from £124; W) The grand central staircase in this former Georgian town house climbs to 36 fairly spacious rooms of commanding period chic. It's the most enticing option in the city centre and it also boasts a brand-new and very snazzily styled restaurant. Book well ahead. Jubilee HouseB&B ( %01243-536558; www.jubileehousechichester.co.uk; 13 New Park Rd; s £60-80 d £70-90; W) Two-room B&B on the edge of the historical centre with crisp, well-maintained quarters, a communal breakfast table and all of Chichester's sights a short amble away. Book ahead. 5Eating St Martin's TearoomsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 3 St Martins St; mains £4-10; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat) A little cocoon of nooks and crannies tucked away in a part-18th-century, part-medieval town house, this organic cafe serves freshly ground coffee with wholesome, mostly vegetarian, food and a sinful selection of desserts. There's also a guest piano with which to shatter the tranquil scene, if you so wish. St Martin's St is off East St. Wests BarBRITISH (14 West St; mains £5-9; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; W) Occupying a large deconsecrated church opposite Chichester Cathedral, this temple of food and ale allows you to refuel and kick back in an incongruously ecclesiastical setting. The sinful menu of British pub favourites, including some typically spicy fare, is sure to bust your belt and invoke a holy thirst. 3Entertainment Chichester Festival TheatreTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01243-781312; www.cft.org.uk; Oakland's Park) Built in 1962, this somewhat Soviet-looking playhouse has a long and distinguished history. Sir Laurence Olivier was the theatre's first director, and Ingrid Bergman, Sir John Gielgud and Sir Anthony Hopkins have all played here. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 10 West St; h9am-5.30pm Mon & Wed-Fri, from 9.30am Tue, 9am-3pm Sat) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01243-775888; www.visitchichester.org; Tower St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) Located in the Novium Museum. 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Brighton** Bus 700, 2½ hours, twice hourly A **London Victoria** National Express, change at Gatwick Airport; £15.60, three hours 40 minutes, every two hours A **Portsmouth** Bus 700, 70 minutes, twice hourly Train Chichester has train connections to the following: A **Arundel** Change at Ford or Barnham; £4.50, 20 minutes, twice hourly A **Brighton** £12.60, 50 minutes, twice hourly A **London Victoria** £17.30, 1½ hours, half-hourly A **Portsmouth** £7.50, 30 to 40 minutes, twice hourly ### Around Chichester #### Fishbourne Palace & Museum Fishbourne PalaceRUIN (www.sussexpast.co.uk; Roman Way; adult/child £8.70/4.30; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, reduced hours & days rest of the year) Fishbourne Palace is the largest-known Roman residence in Britain. The palace lies 1.5 miles west of Chichester, just off the A259 (take bus 700 from outside Chichester Cathedral). Happened upon by labourers in the 1960s, it's thought that this once-luxurious mansion was built around AD 75 for a romanised local king. Housed in a modern pavilion are its foundations, hypocaust and painstakingly re-laid mosaics. The centrepiece is a spectacular floor depicting Cupid riding a dolphin, flanked by sea horses and panthers. There's also a fascinating little museum and replanted Roman gardens. ## Surrey Surrey is popular with affluent London commuters who've had kids, moved out of the city and bought a country pad. For the most part, though, it's made up of uninspiring towns and dull, sprawling suburbs. Further away from the roaring motorways and packed rush-hour trains, the county reveals some inspiring landscapes made famous by authors Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen. ### Farnham Pop 39,500 Nudging the border with Hampshire and joined at the hip with the garrison settlement of Aldershot, affluent Farnham is Surrey's prettiest town and its most worthwhile destination. Blessed with lively shopping streets of Georgian symmetry, a 12th-century castle and some soothing river walks, this easy-going market town makes for an undemanding day trip from London, just an hour away. 1Sights Farnham CastleCASTLE (EH; %01252-721194; www.farnhamcastle.com; Castle St; palace adult/child £3.50/2.50, keep admission free; hpalace 2-4pm Wed, keep 9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun, closed Jan) Farnham Castle was constructed in 1138 by Henry de Blois, the grandson of William the Conqueror. There's not much left of the castle keep today except the beautiful old ramparts. Even if the keep is closed, it's worth walking around the outside for the picturesque views. Open only one afternoon a week, the residential palace was built in the 13th century as a stopover for the bishops of Winchester on London journeys. From 1926 to the 1950s, it was used by the bishops of Guildford. The palace is now a private function venue, hence the limited opening hours. Museum of FarnhamMUSEUM (38 West St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat) F This engaging little museum is located in the splendid Willmer House, a Georgian mansion built in 1718 for the wealthy hop merchant and maltster John Thorne. Themed rooms trace Farnham's history from flint-tool days to Bakelite nostalgia. A corner is dedicated to William Cobbett, the town's most famous son, a 19th-century reformer, radical member of parliament, writer and journalist who established _Hansard_ (the official record of what is said in Parliament). Cobbett's bust takes pride of place in the peaceful garden out the back, where you'll also find a timber gallery housing temporary exhibitions. 4Sleeping & Eating Bush HotelHOTEL ( %01252-234800; www.mercure-uk.com; The Borough; r from £109; p a W) This 17th-century inn is right in the heart of the action. Rolling renovations keep things fresh, and there's a snug beamed bar and highly recommended restaurant that spills into the pretty courtyard. Vintage Cake HouseCAFE (www.thevintagecakehouse.co.uk; 5 Downing St; light lunch & tea £5-10; h9.30am-5pm) Classic English tearoom with wedges of homemade cake, tinkling tea china, staff in vintage attire and lashings of clotted cream. Brasserie BlancFRENCH (www.brasserieblanc.com; 5 Castle St; mains £10-18; h9-11am, noon-3pm, 6-10pm Mon-Thu, to 10.30pm Fri, noon-10.30pm Sat, to 9pm Sun) For a bit of Gallic class, head to this understated eatery near Farnham Castle. The simply laid tables, low-Watt art deco lighting and art-packed walls create a modestly stylish atmosphere, and there's a walled garden out the back. The menu is a mostly seasonal list of finely crafted dishes cooked using choice ingredients shipped in from France. 8Information Farnham has no tourist office, but maps and leaflets are available from the town hall on South St. 8Getting There & Away Bus A **London Victoria** National Express; £9.70, two hours, daily Train A **London Waterloo** £15.30, one hour, twice hourly A **Winchester** Change at Woking; £19.40, 60 to 80 minutes, twice hourly ### Hindhead The tiny hamlet of Hindhead, 8 miles south of Farnham off the A287, lies in the middle of the largest area of open heath in Surrey. During the 19th century a number of prominent Victorians bought up property in the area, including Sherlock Holmes' mastermind Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930). One of three founders of the National Trust, Sir Robert Hunter lived in nearby Haslemere, and today much of the area is administered by the foundation. The most beautiful part of the area is to the northeast, where you'll find a natural depression known as the **Devil's Punchbowl**. There are a number of excellent trails and bridleways here. To get the best view, head for **Gibbet Hill** (280m), which was once an execution ground. The Hindhead YHA Hostel ( %0845 371 9022; www.yha.org.uk; Devil's Punchbowl, Thursley, Godalming; dm from £16) is a completely secluded cottage run by the National Trust on the northern edge of the Punchbowl – perfect digs for walkers. Buses 18 and 19 run every 30 minutes between Hindhead and Farnham. # Oxford, Cotswolds & Around #### Oxford, Cotswolds & Around Highlights #### Oxford #### Around Oxford #### Woodstock #### Witney #### Vale of the White Horse #### The Cotswolds #### Cirencester #### Bibury #### Burford #### Minster Lovell #### Driving Tour #### Northleach #### The Slaughters #### Stow-on-the-Wold #### Chipping Norton #### Moreton-in-Marsh #### Chipping Campden #### Broadway #### Winchcombe #### Painswick #### Stroud #### Tetbury #### Uley #### Western Gloucestershire #### Berkeley #### Cheltenham #### Forest of Dean #### Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire #### Stowe #### Bletchley #### Woburn #### Waddesdon #### St Albans #### The Thames Valley #### Windsor & Eton #### Bray #### Henley-on-Thames # Oxford, Cotswolds & Around ### Why Go? Dotted with gorgeous little villages, this part of the country is as close to the old-world English idyll as you'll get. It's a haven of lush rolling hills, rose-clad cottages, graceful stone churches and thatched roofs. Add to this mix the legendary university city of Oxford, with its gracious architecture and lively student vibe, and it's easy to see why the region is a magnet for visitors. Although the roads and the most popular villages are busy in summer, it's easy to get off the tourist trail. The Cotswolds are at their best when you find a romantic refuge of your own, and discover the fire-lit inns and grandiose manors that persuade A-list celebrities and the moneyed to buy property here. Most of the area is an easy day trip from London, but Oxford and the Cotswolds deserve at least a couple of leisurely days. ### When to Go AOn 1 May you can welcome the dawn with Oxford's Magdalen College Choir, which sings hymns from the college tower. AIn July you can sip champagne and watch the rowing at Henley's Royal Regatta and Festival. ASeptember is the best time to sample England's finest ales at the four-day St Albans Beer Festival. ARambling in the Cotswolds is ideal in spring, early summer and September, when the weather is in your favour, without the July and August crowds. ### Best Places to Eat AParis House AWaterside Inn ARickety Press AHorse & Groom AEdamame ### Best Places to Stay ABradley AGlove House AStar Cottage AHope House AOxford Coach & Horses ## Oxford, Cotswolds & Around Highlights 1 Following in the footsteps of JRR Tolkien, CS Lewis, Evelyn Waugh and Oscar Wilde as you tour the Oxford colleges 2 Having a wizard of a time at the Making of Harry Potter studio tour in Leavesden 3 Getting a glimpse of the regal life at the Queen's weekend hideaway, Windsor Castle 4 Touring the elegant cloisters at the magnificent Gloucester Cathedral 5 Lording it up in Blenheim Palace, one of the country's greatest stately homes 6 Meandering around Painswick, one of the most beautiful and unspoilt towns in the Cotswolds 7 Exploring the anthropological treasure trove that is the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford 2Activities Cycling Gentle gradients and scenic vistas make the Cotswolds ideal for cycling, with only the steep western escarpment offering a challenge to the legs. Plenty of quiet country lanes and byways criss-cross the region, or you can follow the signposted **Thames Valley Cycle Way** (NCN Routes 4 and 5) from Windsor to Oxford. Mountain bikers can use a variety of bridleways in the Cotswolds and Chilterns. In the west of the region, the Forest of Dean has many dirt-track options and some dedicated mountain-bike trails. Walking The Cotswolds offers endless opportunities for day hikes. If you're looking for something more ambitious, the 102-mile **Cotswold Way** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/cotswold) from Bath to Chipping Campden takes about a week to walk. Alternatively, the **Thames Path** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/thamespath) follows the river downstream from its source near Cirencester to London. In Oxfordshire (www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/countryside) there's also the **Oxfordshire Way** , a 65-mile signposted trail running from Bourton-on-the-Water to Henley-on-Thames, and the **Wychwood Way** , a 37-mile loop route from Woodstock, which runs through an ancient royal forest. The picturesque 87-mile **Ridgeway National Trail** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/ridgeway) meanders along the chalky grassland of the Wiltshire downs near Avebury, down into the Thames Valley and then along the spine of the Chilterns to Ivinghoe Beacon near Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. 8Getting There & Around A car will give you the most freedom, especially for exploring the small villages of the Cotswolds. Oxford, Moreton-in-Marsh, Stroud, Cheltenham, Gloucester, Bletchley, St Albans and Windsor are plugged into the train network and all have direct services to London. Other direct trains go as far afield as Birmingham, Manchester and Newcastle (from Oxford), and Cardiff and Edinburgh (from Cheltenham). National Express coaches head from London and further-flung destinations to Oxford, Cirencester, Stroud, Cheltenham, Gloucester, Newent and Windsor. Local buses connect larger towns to each other and to their surrounding villages. Services are run by various operators. To view timetables, use the journey planner tool on www.traveline.info. ## Oxford Pop 171,000 One of the world's most famous university cities, Oxford is a privileged place. It is steeped in history and studded with august buildings, yet it maintains the feel of a young town, thanks to its large student population. The elegant honey-coloured buildings of the colleges that make up the university wrap around tranquil courtyards along narrow cobbled lanes, and inside their grounds, a studious calm reigns. Just as in Cambridge, the existence of 'town' beside 'gown' makes it more than simply a bookish place of learning. Oxford is a wonderful place to ramble: the oldest colleges date back 750 years, and little has changed inside the hallowed walls since then. But along with the rich history, tradition and lively academic life, there is a world beyond the college walls. Oxford has a long industrial past and the working majority still outnumber the academic elite. The university buildings are scattered throughout the city, with the most important and architecturally significant in the centre. Jericho, in the northwest, is the trendy, artsy end of town, with slick bars, restaurants and an art-house cinema, as well as the wonderfully tranquil Port Meadow. East Oxford is a gritty, ethnically diverse area packed with cheap places to eat and drink. Further out, in the salubrious northern suburb of Summertown, you'll find upmarket restaurants and bars. History Strategically placed at the confluence of the Rivers Cherwell and Thames (called the Isis here, from the Latin _Tamesis_ ), Oxford was a key Saxon town, heavily fortified by Alfred the Great during the war against the Danes. By the 11th century, the Augustinian abbey in Oxford had begun training clerics, and when Anglo-Norman clerical scholars were expelled from the Sorbonne in 1167, the abbey began to attract students in droves. Alongside Oxford's growing prosperity grew the enmity between the new students and the local townspeople, culminating in the St Scholastica's Day Massacre in 1355, which started as an argument over beer. Thereafter, the king ordered that the university be broken up into colleges, each of which then developed its own traditions. The university, largely a religious entity at the time, was rocked in the 16th century by the Reformation; the public trials and burning at the stake of Protestant heretics under Mary I; and by the subsequent hanging, drawing and quartering of Catholics under her successor Elizabeth I. As the Royalist headquarters, Oxford backed the losing side during the Civil War, but flourished after the restoration of the monarchy, with some of its most notable buildings constructed at that time. The arrival of the canal system in 1790 had a profound effect on the rest of Oxford. By creating a link with the Midlands' industrial centres, work and trade suddenly expanded beyond the academic core. This development was further strengthened by the construction of the railways. The city's real industrial boom came, however, when William Morris began producing cars here in 1913. With the success of his Bullnose Morris and Morris Minor, his Cowley factory went on to become one of the largest motor plants in the world. Although the works have been scaled down since their heyday, Minis still run off BMW's Cowley production line today. Oxford 1Top Sights 1Ashmolean MuseumC3 2Christ ChurchD5 3Pitt Rivers MuseumD1 1Sights 4All Souls CollegeE4 5Bodleian LibraryD3 6Botanic GardenF4 7Brasenose CollegeD4 8Carfax TowerD4 9Christ Church CathedralD5 10Christ Church Picture GalleryD5 11Exeter CollegeD3 12Magdalen CollegeF4 13Merton CollegeE4 14Museum of the History of ScienceD3 15New CollegeE3 16Oxford Castle UnlockedB4 17Oxford UnionC4 18Oxford University Museum of Natural HistoryD2 19Radcliffe CameraE3 20Sheldonian TheatreD3 21St Edmund HallE4 22Trinity CollegeD3 23University Church of St Mary the VirginE4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 24Footprints ToursD3 25Magdalen Bridge BoathouseF4 4Sleeping 26Buttery HotelD3 27Central BackpackersB4 28MalmaisonC4 29Old Bank HotelE4 30Old Parsonage HotelC1 31Oxford Coach & HorsesH4 32Oxford YHAA4 5Eating 33Al-ShamiB2 34Atomic BurgerH5 35BrancaB1 36Café CocoG5 37Chiang Mai KitchenD4 38Door 74H5 39EdamameE3 40ManosA1 41Missing BeanD4 42Rickety PressA1 6Drinking & Nightlife 43Bear InnD4 44Eagle & ChildC2 45KazbarG5 46Raoul'sB2 47Turf TavernE3 48White HorseD3 3Entertainment 49CellarC4 50Oxford PlayhouseC3 7Shopping 51Blackwell'sD3 52Oxford Covered MarketD4 1Sights #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### ACADEMIC ATTIRE Don't be surprised to see students wandering around Oxford in black gowns, black 'mortarboard' caps, white bowties and (for graduates) colourful hoods. Oxford students are required to wear their academic dress to take their exams, and some colleges require it every night when dining in the hall. University of Oxford Much of the centre of Oxford is taken up by graceful university buildings and elegant colleges, each one individual in its appearance and academic specialities. The first colleges (Balliol, Merton and University) were built in the 13th century, with at least three more being added in each of the following three centuries. Newer colleges, such as Keble, were added in the 19th and 20th centuries to cater for an ever-expanding student population. Tradition dies hard at Oxford, however, and it wasn't until 1877 that lecturers were allowed to marry, and another year before female students were admitted. It took another 42 years before women were granted degrees. Today, there are 38 colleges catering to more than 21,000 students. Not all are open to the public. For those that are, visiting hours change with the term and exam schedule; check www.ox.ac.uk for full details of visiting hours. Oxford University Museum of Natural HistoryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oum.ox.ac.uk; Parks Rd; h10am-5pm; c) F Housed in a glorious Victorian Gothic building with slender, cast-iron columns, ornate capitals and a soaring glass roof, this museum is worth visiting for its architecture alone. The real draw, however, is the collection of more than five million exhibits. These range from exotic insects and fossils to a towering T Rex skeleton and the remains of the first dinosaur ever to be mentioned in a written text (in 1677). oPitt Rivers MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.prm.ox.ac.uk; Parks Rd; hnoon-4.30pm Mon, 10am-4.30pm Tue-Sun; c) F Hidden away through a door at the back of the main exhibition hall of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, this wonderfully creepy anthropological museum houses a treasure trove of objects from around the world – more than enough to satisfy any armchair adventurer. One of the reasons this museum is so brilliant is because there are no computers here or shiny modern gimmicks. The dim light lends an air of mystery to the glass cases stuffed with the prized booty of Victorian explorers. Objects are divided into themes, rather than culture, with subjects such as 'Smoking' or 'Treatment of Dead Enemies' (a particularly disturbing ensemble). Among the feathered cloaks, necklaces of teeth, blowpipes, magic charms, Noh masks, totem poles, fur parkas, musical instruments and shrunken heads, you may spot ceremonial headgear from Uganda worn during circumcision ceremonies, ancient dental implements and a porcupine fish helmet from Kiribati. Trinity CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.trinity.ox.ac.uk; Broad St; adult/child £2/1; h10am-noon Mon-Fri, 2-4pm daily) Founded in 1555, this small college is worth a visit to see the lovely garden quad, designed by Christopher Wren. Its exquisitely carved chapel is one of the most beautiful in the city and a masterpiece of English baroque. Famous students have included William Pitt the Elder and Cardinal Newman. Exeter CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.exeter.ox.ac.uk; Turl St; h2-5pm) F Exeter is known for its elaborate 17th-century dining hall and its ornate Victorian Gothic chapel housing _The Adoration of the Magi,_ a William Morris tapestry, and a psychedelic bombast of gold mosaic and stained glass. Museum of the History of ScienceMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mhs.ox.ac.uk; Broad St; hnoon-5pm Tue-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Science, art, celebrity and nostalgia come together at this fascinating museum, where the exhibits include everything from a blackboard used by Einstein to the world's finest collection of historical scientific instruments. It's all housed in a beautiful 17th-century building. Sheldonian TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sheldon.ox.ac.uk; Broad St; adult/child £3.50/2.50; h10am-4.30pm daily Jul & Aug, closed Sun Sep-Jun, closed Sat Dec & Jan) Built in 1663, this monumental building was the first major work of Christopher Wren, at that time a professor of astronomy. Inspired by the classical Theatre of Marcellus in Rome, it has a rectangular front end and a semicircular back, while the ceiling of the main hall is blanketed by a fine 17th-century painting of the triumph of truth over ignorance. What's remarkable about the ceiling is its length, made possible by ingenious braces made of shorter timbers, for want of trees large enough. The Sheldonian is now used for college ceremonies and public concerts, but you can climb to the cupola for good views of the surrounding buildings. New CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.new.ox.ac.uk; Holywell St; adult/child £3/2 Mar-Sep, free Oct-Feb; h11am-5pm Mar-Sep, 2-4pm Oct-Feb) This 14th-century college was the first in Oxford for undergraduates and is a fine example of the glorious Perpendicular Gothic style. The chapel here is full of treasures, including superb stained glass, much of it original, and Sir Jacob Epstein's disturbing statue of Lazarus. During term time, visitors can attend the beautiful Evensong, a choral church service held nightly at 6pm. William Spooner was once a college warden here, and his habit of transposing the first consonants of words gave rise to the term 'spoonerism'. Local lore suggests that he once reprimanded a student by saying, 'You have deliberately tasted two worms and can leave Oxford by the town drain'. Spooner aside, other famous alumni include Hugh Grant and Kate Beckinsale. New College is also famous for a bizarre medieval ritual. Every three years, the Lord Major of Oxford has to walk along the ruins of the city wall, which is part of New College, to fulfill a medieval obligation that the wall would be repaired if need be (the walk is merely symbolic). Access for visitors is through the New College Lane gate from Easter to early October, and through the Holywell St entrance the rest of the year. As you walk along New College Lane, look up at the steeped **Bridge of Sighs** linking the two halves of Hertford College to New College. It's sometimes erroneously referred to as a copy of the famous bridge in Venice, but it bears a much closer resemblance to that city's Rialto Bridge. Bodleian LibraryLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-287400; www.bodley.ox.ac.uk; Catte St; tours £5-13; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Oxford's Bodleian Library is one of the oldest public libraries in the world and quite possibly the most impressive one you'll ever see. Casual visitors are welcome to wander around the central quad and visit the exhibition space in the foyer. For £1 you can also access the Divinity School, but the rest of the complex can only be visited on guided tours (check online or at the information desk for times; it pays to book ahead). The Bodleian has its roots in a 15th-century collection of books and its present state is largely due to the efforts of Sir Thomas Bodley, a 16th-century fellow of Merton College. He came to the agreement with the Stationers' Company of London that the library would receive a copy of every single book published in the UK – an agreement that still stands today. It currently holds more than 11 million items, contains 117 miles of shelving and has seating space for up to 2500 readers. A staggering 4000 books and articles arrive every week, all of which need to be catalogued and stored. The oldest part of the library surrounds the Jacobean Gothic **Old Schools Quadrangle** , which dates from the early 17th century and sports some of Oxford's odder architectural gems. On the eastern side of the quad is the **Tower of Five Orders** , an ornate building depicting the five classical orders of architecture. On the west side is the **Divinity School** , the university's first teaching room. It is renowned as a masterpiece of 15th-century English Gothic architecture and has a superb fan-vaulted ceiling; it featured as the Hogwarts hospital wing in the _Harry Potter_ films. Half-hour mini tours (£5) include the Divinity School and the medieval **Duke Humfrey's library** , where no fewer than five kings, 40 Nobel Prize winners, 25 British prime ministers, and writers such as Oscar Wilde, CS Lewis and JRR Tolkien studied amid rows filled with grand ancient tomes chained to the shelves. Those wishing to read here (the books may not be borrowed) still have to swear Bodley's Oath, which involves vowing 'not to bring into the Library or kindle therein any fire or flame'. Hour-long standard tours (£7) also visit the 17th-century **Convocation House** , where parliament was held during the Civil War, and the **Chancellor's Court**. Extended tours (£13) run for 90 minutes and include the Radcliffe Camera and either the Upper Reading Room or underground Gladstone Link. Radcliffe CameraLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Radcliffe Sq) The Radcliffe Camera is the quintessential Oxford landmark and one of the city's most photographed buildings. The spectacular circular library/reading room, filled with natural light, was built between 1737 and 1749 in grand Palladian style, and has Britain's third-largest dome. The only way to see the interior is to join one of the extended tours (£13; 90 minutes) of the Bodleian Library. Brasenose CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bnc.ox.ac.uk; Radcliffe Sq; admission £2; h10-11.30am & 2-4.30pm) Founded in 1509, this small, select and elegant place is named after a 'brass nose', or a brazen door-knocker, to be precise. It's believed that wayward students took the knocker all the way to Stamford, Lincolnshire, in 1533. In 1890 the college purchased a house in Stamford, convinced that the knocker on its front door was the original. The door-knocker in question now takes pride of place above the high table in the dining hall. Also of interest is the chapel, with its fine painted, vaulted ceiling. Famous alumni include _Lord of the Flies_ author William Golding, Monty Python's Michael Palin and British prime minister David Cameron. If the sign outside says that it's shut during supposed open hours, check with the porters as they sometimes hang it to deter tour groups. University Church of St Mary the VirginCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.university-church.ox.ac.uk; High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-5pm Sun) With a tower dating from 1280 and a perpendicular Gothic nave, this relatively unadorned church is most famous as the site of the 1556 trial of three Anglican bishops (including Thomas Cranmer, the first Protestant archibishop of Canterbury) during the reign of Mary I. All three were later burnt at the stake for heresy on Broad St. Inside, there's a memorial to the victims of the Reformation – both Protestant and Catholic. Mahatma Gandhi spoke here in the 1930s, and his image is inscribed on a ceiling boss above the loft at the rear of the church. A trek to the top of the tower (adult/child £4/3) offers excellent views of the Radcliffe Camera. All Souls CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk; High St; h2-4pm Mon-Fri) F One of the wealthiest Oxford colleges, All Souls was founded in 1438 as a centre of prayer and learning. It's one of several graduate colleges, though it doesn't accept just any old Oxford graduate. Each year, the university's top finalists sit a fellowship exam, with an average of only two making the grade. Today fellowship of the college is one of the highest academic honours in the country. Much of the college facade dates from the 1440s and, unlike other older colleges, the front quad is largely unchanged in five centuries. It also contains a beautiful 17th-century sundial designed by Christopher Wren. Most obvious, though, are the twin mock-Gothic towers on the north quad. Designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor in 1710, they were lambasted for ruining the Oxford skyline when first erected. St Edmund HallCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.seh.ox.ac.uk; Queen's Lane; h10am-4pm) F St Edmund Hall ('Teddy Hall' to its residents) is the sole survivor of the original medieval halls, the teaching institutions that preceded colleges in Oxford. The Mohawk chief Oronhyatekha studied here in 1862 (and eloped with the principal's daughter). The college is best known for its small chapel decorated by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones. Magdalen CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.magd.ox.ac.uk; High St; adult/child £5/4; h1-6pm) Set amid 40 hectares of lawns, woodlands, river walks and deer park, Magdalen ( _mawd_ -lin), founded in 1458, is one of the wealthiest and most beautiful of Oxford's colleges. It has a reputation as an artistic college, and some of its famous students have included writers Julian Barnes, Alan Hollinghurst, CS Lewis, John Betjeman, Seamus Heaney and Oscar Wilde, not to mention Edward VIII, TE Lawrence 'of Arabia' and Dudley Moore. An elegant Victorian gateway leads into a medieval chapel (with its glorious 15th-century tower) and on to the remarkable cloisters (with strange animals perching on the buttresses), some of the finest in Oxford. The fantastic gargoyles and grotesques along the frontage here are said to have inspired CS Lewis' stone statues in _The Chronicles of Narnia_. Behind the cloisters, the lovely Addison's Walk leads through the grounds and along the banks of the River Cherwell for just under a mile. Were you here in the mid-1870s, you would have encountered Oscar Wilde taking his pet lobster for a walk. The college also has a fine choir that sings Hymnus Eucharisticus at 6am on May Day (1 May) from the top of the 42m bell tower. The event now marks the culmination of a solid night of drinking for most students as they gather in their glad rags on Magdalen Bridge to listen to the dawn chorus. Botanic GardenGARDENS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.botanic-garden.ox.ac.uk; High St; adult/child £4.50/free; h9am-5pm) Sweeping along the banks of the River Cherwell, this peaceful garden was founded in 1621 for the study of medicinal plants, and it's still a department of the university. The bench that Lyra and her extra-universal lover Will intend to haunt in Phillip Pullman's _His Dark Materials_ is usually well-attended by mooning students. Merton CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.merton.ox.ac.uk; Merton St; admission £3; h2-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun) Founded in 1264, Merton is the oldest of the three original colleges and the first to adopt collegiate planning, bringing scholars and tutors together into a formal community and providing a planned residence for them. Its distinguishing architectural features include large gargoyles whose expressions suggest that they're about to throw up, and the charming 14th-century **Mob Quad** – the first of the college quads. Just off the quad is a 13th-century **chapel** and the **Old Library** (admission on guided tour only), the oldest medieval library in use (look for the chained books). It is said that Tolkien spent many hours here writing _The Lord of the Rings_ and that the trees in the Fellows' Garden inspired the ents of Middle Earth. Other literary giants associated with the college include TS Eliot and Louis MacNeice. During the summer holidays it may be possible to join a guided tour of the college grounds (£4). Also in summer, look out for posters advertising candlelit concerts in the chapel. Behind Merton College is the ominously named **Dead Man's Walk** , so called because the medieval Jewish community, who were not allowed to bury their dead within the city, would take bodies along this route to the Jewish cemetery (now the Botanic Garden). oChrist ChurchCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chch.ox.ac.uk; St Aldate's; adult/child £8/6.50; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun) The largest of all of Oxford's colleges and the one with the grandest quad, Christ Church is also its most popular. Its magnificent buildings, illustrious history and latter-day fame as a location for the _Harry Potter_ films have tourists coming in droves. The college was founded in 1524 by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, who suppressed the monastery existing on the site to acquire the funds for his lavish building project. Over the years numerous luminaries have been educated here, including philosopher John Locke, poet WH Auden, Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), and no less than 13 British prime ministers. The main entrance is below the imposing **Tom Tower** , the upper part of which was designed by former student Sir Christopher Wren. Great Tom, the 7-tonne tower bell, still chimes 101 times each evening at 9.05pm (Oxford is five minutes west of Greenwich) to sound the curfew imposed on the original 100 students – plus the one added in 1663. Visitors must go further down St Aldate's to the side entrance. Immediately on entering is the 15th-century cloister, a relic of the ancient Priory of St Frideswide, whose shrine was once a focus of pilgrimage. From here, you go up to the **Great Hall** , the college's magnificent dining room, with its hammerbeam roof and imposing portraits of past scholars; it was replicated in the film studios as the dining hall at Hogwarts for the _Harry Potter_ films. Coming down the grand staircase (where Professor McGonagall welcomed Harry in the first film), you'll enter **Tom Quad** , Oxford's largest and arguably most impressive quadrangle, and from here, 12th-century Christ Church Cathedral ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). It was originally the abbey church and then the college chapel, but it was declared a cathedral by Henry VIII when he broke from the Catholic Church, suppressed more monasteries and convents, and gave the college its current name. It was formerly known as Cardinal's College. Inside, brawny Norman columns are topped by elegant vaulting, and beautiful stained-glass windows illuminate the walls. Look out for the depiction of the murder of Thomas Becket, dating from 1320, above the side altar on the right. As this is a working Anglican cathedral, there's no charge to visit it for private prayer or to attend a service – talk to the porters at the main gate. Evensong is held at 6pm most days. To the south of the college is **Christ Church Meadow** , a leafy expanse bordered by the Rivers Cherwell and Isis, ideal for leisurely walking. The hall often closes between noon and 2pm and the cathedral in late afternoon. Christ Church Picture GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chch.ox.ac.uk/gallery; Oriel Sq; adult/child £3/free; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun, closed Tue Oct-Jun) Christ Church's stash of precious masterpieces dates from 1300 to 1750, and has a particular focus on the Italian Renaissance. Paintings by the likes of Tintoretto, Veronese and Anthony van Dyck take pride of place, and there's an exalted collection of drawings by the likes of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael. Admission is half price with a valid Christ Church ticket. Other Sights oAshmolean MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ashmolean.org; Beaumont St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; c) F Britain's oldest public museum, second in repute only to London's British Museum, was established in 1683 when Elias Ashmole presented the university with the collection of curiosities amassed by the well-travelled John Tradescant, gardener to Charles I. A 2009 makeover has left the museum with new interactive features, a giant atrium, glass walls revealing galleries on different levels and a beautiful rooftop restaurant. Its collections, displayed in bright, spacious galleries within one of Britain's best examples of neoclassical architecture, span the world and include Egyptian mummies, Islamic art, ancient documents, rare porcelain, tapestries, silverware, priceless musical instruments and extensive displays of European art. Oxford UnionLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oxford-union.org; Frewin Ct; admission £1.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, longer during university term) Oxford's legendary members' society is famous for its feisty debates, heavyweight international speakers and Pre-Raphaelite murals. Although most of the building is off-limits to nonmembers, you can visit the library to see the murals, which were painted between 1857 and 1859 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones. They depict scenes from the Arthurian legends but are difficult to see on bright days, as they surround the windows. Carfax TowerTOWER ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Queen St; adult/child £2.50/1.30; h10am-5.30pm) This central landmark, towering over what has been a crossroads for 1000 years, is the sole reminder of medieval St Martin's Church and offers good views over the city centre. Oxford Castle UnlockedCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oxfordcastleunlocked.co.uk; 44-46 Oxford Castle; adult/child £10/7; htours 10am-4.20pm) It's not England's most imposing fortress, but Oxford Castle dates back more than 1000 years. Access is by tours, departing every 20 minutes, led by costumed guides. Tours include St George's Tower, offering excellent views of the city; the 11th-century crypt of St George's Chapel (possibly the first formal teaching venue in Oxford); the Victorian prison cells; and the 18th-century Debtors' Tower, where you learn about the inmates' grisly lives, daring escapes and cruel punishments. You can also clamber up the original medieval motte. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### TOLKIEN'S RESTING PLACE _Lord of the Rings_ author JRR Tolkien is buried with his wife Edith at Wolvercote Cemetery, 2 miles north of the city along Banbury Rd. The names Beren and Luthien are carved on their gravestone, a reference to the love between a mortal man and an elf maiden who gave up her immortality to be with him. 2Activities A quintessential Oxford experience, **punting** is all about sitting back and quaffing Pimms (the typical English summer drink) as you watch the city's glorious architecture float by. Which, of course, requires someone else to do the hard work – punting is far more difficult than it appears. If you decide to go it alone, a deposit for the punt is usually charged. Most punts hold five people including the punter. Magdalen Bridge BoathouseBOATING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-202643; www.oxfordpunting.co.uk; High St; chauffered per 30min £25, self-punt per hour £20; h9.30am-dusk Feb-Nov) The most central location to hire a punt, chauffered or otherwise. From here, you can head downstream around the Botanic Garden and Christ Church Meadow or upstream around Magdalen Deer Park. You can also hire row boats and pedaloes. Cherwell Boat HouseBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-515978; www.cherwellboathouse.co.uk; 50 Bardwell Rd; per hour £15-18; h10am-dusk mid-Mar–mid-Oct) Head a mile north of the centre for a countryside punt on the River Cherwell, where the most popular destination is the busy pub, the Victoria Arms. Row boats and Canadian canoes are also available. To get here, head north on Banbury Rd and then turn right into Bardwell Rd. Salter BrosBOATING, CRUISE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-243421; www.salterssteamers.co.uk; Folly Bridge; punt/row boat/motor boat per hr £20/20/35; hMay-late Sep) Rents punts, row boats and motor boats, and offers a range of cruises along the River Isis from Oxford. The most popular is the scenic journey to the historic market town of Abingdon (adult/child £13/6.80). The trip takes two hours and passes the college boathouses and several popular riverside pubs en route. TTours Bill Spectre's Ghost TrailsWALKING TOUR ( %07941 041811; www.ghosttrail.org; adult/child £8/6; h6.30pm Fri & Sat) For a highly entertaining and informative look at Oxford's dark underbelly, join Victorian undertaker Bill Spectre on a 1¾-hour tour of the city's most haunted sites. It departs from Oxford Castle Unlocked; audience participation likely. Footprints ToursWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %020-7558 8706; www.footprints-tours.com) There's no need to book for the 'free' two-hour walking tours (payment is by way of tips), just turn up at the departure point on Broad St at 11am or 2pm. Bookings are required though for the themed pub, bike, _Harry Potter_ and Blenheim Palace tours – check times and prices online. Oxford City WalkWALKING TOUR ( %07530 951320; www.oxfordcitywalk.co.uk; 2hr tour for up to 5 people £50) Bespoke tours tweaked to your party's interests, whether that be architecture, literature, history, science, music, university life or detective series _Inspector Morse_. Oxford Official Guided Walking ToursWALKING TOUR ( %01865-252200; www.visitoxfordandoxfordshire.com; 15-16 Broad St; adult/child from £9/8) Book at the tourist office for tours of Oxford city and colleges (10.45am and 1pm year-round, plus 11am and 2pm at busy times) or a bewildering array of themed tours, including _Inspector Morse, Alice in Wonderland_ and _Harry Potter_ , and family walking tours in the school holidays. Check the website for details. Oxon CartsTOUR ( %07747 024600; www.oxoncarts.com; tours £25) Flexible hour-long tours conducted by a fleet of pedicabs. Passengers receive a copy of a 1904 map of the city and a personal guide to its buildings and history. 4Sleeping Book ahead between May and September and on weekends. If you're stuck, you'll find a string of B&Bs along Iffley, Abingdon, Banbury and Headington Rds. Central BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-242288; www.centralbackpackers.co.uk; 13 Park End St; dm £22-28; i W) A friendly budget option located above a bar and right in the centre of town, this small hostel has basic, bright and simple rooms that sleep four to 12 people, a rooftop terrace and a small lounge with satellite TV. Oxford YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9131; www.yha.org.uk; 2a Botley Rd; dm/r from £17/56; i W) Particularly convenient for budget travellers arriving by train, this hostel has simple but comfortable four- and six-bed en suite dorms, private rooms and loads of facilities, including a restaurant, library, garden, laundry and a choice of lounges. oOxford Coach & HorsesB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-200017; www.oxfordcoachandhorses.co.uk; 62 St Clements St; s/d from £115/130; p W) Once a coaching inn, this 18th-century building has been painted powder blue and given a fresh, modern makeover. Rooms are spacious and light-filled, and the ground floor has been converted into a large, attractive breakfast room. Burlington HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-513513; www.burlington-house.co.uk; 374 Banbury Rd, Summertown; s/d from £70/97; p W) Twelve big, bright and elegant rooms with patterned wallpaper and splashes of colour are available at this Victorian merchant's house. The fittings are luxurious and the bathrooms immaculate; the service is attentive; and breakfast comes complete with organic eggs and granola. It has good public transport links to town. Remont GuesthouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-311020; www.remont-oxford.co.uk; 367 Banbury Rd, Summertown; r £112-142; p i W) All modern style, subtle lighting and plush furnishings, this 25-room guesthouse has rooms decked out in cool neutrals with silky bedspreads, abstract art and huge plasma-screen TVs. There's also a sunny garden. Buttery HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-811950; www.thebutteryhotel.co.uk; 11-12 Broad St; s/d from £75/125; W) Right in the heart of the city, the Buttery is wonderfully central and offers views over college grounds from the front rooms. The rooms are spacious but rather modest, so it's the location that you're paying for. Rooms at the rear are smaller but quieter. University Rooms OxfordUNIVERSITY ACCOMMODATION (www.universityrooms.com; s/d from £45/60; W) You can sleep inside hallowed colleges and breakfast in a grand hall by staying in student rooms. Most rooms are functional singles with basic furnishings and shared bathrooms, though there are some en suite, twin and small flats available. Some have views over college quads. They're only available during university holidays (Christmas, Easter and summer). Old Bank HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-799599; www.oldbank-hotel.co.uk; 92 High St; r from £250; p W) Slap bang in the centre of Oxford, this grand hotel's front rooms look over St Mary's Church and into the very heart of Oxford University. The elegant, pale-hued bedrooms are sleek and spacious, and the whole place is strewn with interesting contemporary art. Downstairs there's a buzzing restaurant. MalmaisonHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-268400; www.malmaison-oxford.com; 3 New Rd; d/ste from £180/315; p W) This former Victorian prison is one place you'd wish to be locked up in. Attached to Oxford Castle, it has been converted into a sleek hotel with plush interiors, sultry lighting and giant beds. Each room is made from three cells. Old Parsonage HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-310210; www.oldparsonage-hotel.co.uk; 1 Banbury Rd; r from £250; p W) Wonderfully quirky, this small boutique hotel inhabits a 17th-century stone building covered with wisteria, and has just the right blend of period charm and modern luxury. Inside, there's a contemporary art collection, artfully mismatched furniture, and chic bedrooms with handmade beds and marble bathrooms. Oscar Wilde once made it his home. 5Eating #### City Centre oEdamameJAPANESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edamame.co.uk; 15 Holywell St; mains £6-8; h11.30am-2.30pm Wed-Sun, 5-8.30pm Thu-Sat) The queue out the door speaks volumes about the quality of food here. This tiny joint, all light wood and friendly bustle, is the best place in town for authentic Japanese cuisine. Arrive early and be prepared to wait. Missing BeanCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.themissingbean.co.uk; 14 Turl St; mains £3-4; h8am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5.30pm Sun) Oxford's best coffee can be found here, as well as loose-leaf teas and smoothies for those less caffeine inclined. The fresh muffins, cakes and ciabatta sandwiches make this a great lunchtime stop. Chiang Mai KitchenTHAI ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-202233; www.chiangmaikitchen.co.uk; 130a High St; mains £7-16; hnoon-10.30pm; v) Authentic Thai cuisine in the heart of Oxford, complete with tear-jerkingly spicy _som tum_ (spicy papaya salad), a range of curries (including, unusually, venison), noodle dishes and standout classics such as chicken with cashew nuts. There's an extensive separate menu for vegetarians. #### WORTH A TRIP ### LE MANOIR AUX QUAT'SAISONS As Oxford has no Michelin-starred restaurants of its own, local foodies make the pilgrimage 10km east to the famous Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons ( %01844-278881; www.manoir.com; Church Rd, Great Milton; mains £48-54, five-course lunch/dinner £79/134; h7.30-10am, 11.45am-2.15pm & 6.45-9.30pm; v) for special occasions. Chef Raymond Blanc has been working his magic at this impressive stone manor house for more than 30 years, presenting imaginative, complex and exquisitely presented dishes to his adoring fans. If you're one of them, consider staying overnight in one of the luxurious rooms. Book well ahead and dress up. #### Jericho Al-ShamiLEBANESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-310066; www.al-shami.co.uk; 25 Walton Cres; mains £7-12; hnoon-midnight; v) The service can be patchy but the food's tasty and authentic at this long-standing Lebanese eatery. Start with a selection of hot and cold meze before tucking into charcoal-grilled lamb and chicken. There's a great vegetarian selection, too. ManosGREEK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-311782; www.manosfoodbar.com; 105 Walton St; mains £7-9; h10.30am-9pm; v) For delicious home-cooked tastes of the Mediterranean, head for this Greek deli and restaurant, where you'll find the likes of spinach and feta tart, chicken souvlaki and a great selection of meze. The ground floor cafe and deli serves inexpensive wraps and salads, while downstairs offers more style and comfort. oRickety PressMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-424581; www.thericketypress.com; 67 Cranham St; mains £13-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm) Hidden in the back streets of Jericho, this old corner pub serves up beautifully presented, tasty food in casual surrounds. Call in for lunch or before 7pm for a great-value express menu (two/three courses £13/15). BrancaITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-556111; www.branca.co.uk; 110-111 Walton St; mains £10-18; h10am-11pm; v) Big, bustling and bright, this glitzy Italian eatery serves delicious cocktails and all the requisite pizza, pasta, and meat and seafood grills that you'd expect. It also runs the deli next door. #### East Oxford Oli's ThaiTHAI ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-790223; www.olisthai.com; 38 Magdalen Rd; mains £7-10; h4-10pm Tue, 11am-10pm Wed-Sat) With a sunny front terrace and a small, brightly coloured interior, this little hot spot is off the tourist track but well worth seeking out. A Thai chef lends authenticity to the short but zingy menu. From Magdalen Bridge, head along Iffley St and turn left at the Magdalen Arms pub; book ahead. Atomic BurgerAMERICAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.atomicburger.co.uk; 96 Cowley Rd; mains £7-11; h11.30am-10.30pm) Atomic comes with the Fallout Challenge, which involves consuming a triple burger stack complete with fear-inducing ghost-chilli hot sauce. Not keen on killing your taste buds? Try the Chuck Norris, Dead Elvis, barbeque ribs, nachos or curly fries, all washed down with mega shakes. Magdalen ArmsBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-243159; www.magdalenarms.com; 243 Iffley Rd; mains £12-19; h5-11pm Mon, 11am-11pm Tue-Sun) Claret-coloured walls and mismatched furniture set the scene for a cosy pub, popular with students and foodies alike. It's well worth the 20-minute walk from Magdalen Bridge for hearty fare such as steak-and-ale pie, venison and duck. Café CocoMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-200232; www.cafecoco.co.uk; 23 Cowley Rd; breakfast £4-10, lunch £7-12; h10am-midnight Thu-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) This Cowley Rd institution is a popular brunching destination for the hip and hungry, and is decorated with classic posters on the walls and a bald plaster-cast clown in an ice bath. The menu ranges from cooked breakfasts and waffles to pizza, salads, Mediterranean mains and pecan pie. Door 74MODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-203374; www.door74.co.uk; 74 Cowley Rd; mains £10-14; hnoon-3pm & 5-11pm Tue-Fri, 10am-11pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) This cosy little place woos its fans with a rich mix of British and Mediterranean flavours and friendly service. The menu is limited and the tables tightly packed, but the food is consistently good and weekend brunches (full English breakfast, pancakes etc) supremely filling. Book ahead. 6Drinking & Nightlife Oxford is blessed with some wonderful traditional pubs (see www.oxfordpubguide.co.uk), as well as a good selection of funky bars. Despite a large student population, Oxford's club scene is fairly limited, with several large, run-of-the-mill clubs on the train-station side of the town centre. Paradise St has a couple of gay bars. Bear InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bearoxford.co.uk; 6 Alfred St; h11am-11pm; W) Arguably Oxford's oldest pub (there's been a pub on this site since 1242), this atmospherically creaky place requires all but the most vertically challenged to duck their heads when passing through doorways. There's a curious tie collection on the walls and ceiling (though you can no longer exchange yours for a pint), and there are usually a couple of worthy guest ales. Eagle & ChildPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nicholsonspubs.co.uk/theeagleandchildoxford; 49 St Giles; h11am-11pm; W) Affectionately known as the 'Bird & Baby', this atmospheric place, dating from 1650, was once the favourite haunt of author JRR Tolkien and CS Lewis. Its wood-panelled rooms and selection of real ales still attract a mellow crowd. Turf TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theturftavern.co.uk; 4 Bath Pl; h11am-11pm) Hidden down a narrow alleyway, this tiny medieval pub (dating from at least 1381) is one of the town's best loved; it's where US president Bill Clinton famously 'did not inhale'. Home to 11 real ales, it's always packed with a mix of students, professionals and lucky tourists who manage to find it. Plenty of outdoor seating. White HorsePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.whitehorseoxford.co.uk; 52 Broad St; h11am-11pm) This tiny 16th-century pub was a favourite retreat for TV detective Inspector Morse, and it can get pretty crowded in the evenings. It's a great place for a quiet afternoon pint of whatever the guest ale happens to be. Raoul'sCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.raoulsbar.com; 32 Walton St; h4pm-midnight) Perfectly mixed cocktails and funky music at Jericho's finest retro-look bar. KazbarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kazbar.co.uk; 25-27 Cowley Rd; h5pm-midnight Mon-Fri, noon-12.30am Sat, noon-11pm Sun) This funky Moroccan-themed bar has giant windows, low lighting, warm colours and a cool vibe. It's buzzing most nights with hip young things sipping cocktails and filling up on Spanish and North African tapas. TroutPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thetroutoxford.co.uk; 195 Godstow Rd, Wolvercote; h11am-11pm) A 2.5-mile walk northwest along the Thames from the centre of Oxford will bring you to this charming old-world pub, a favourite hang-out since the 17th century. Immortalised by British TV detective series _Inspector Morse_ , it's generally crammed with people enjoying the riverside garden. 3Entertainment If you're a fan of classical music you'll be spoilt for choice in Oxford, which has a host of excellent venues and regular concerts throughout the year. See www.dailyinfo.co.uk or www.musicatoxford.com for listings. oCreation TheatreTHEATRE ( %01865-766266; www.creationtheatre.co.uk) Performing in a variety of nontraditional venues, including city parks, the BMW plant and Oxford Castle, this theatre company produces highly original, mostly Shakespearean, shows featuring plenty of magic and special effects. Oxford PlayhouseTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-305305; www.oxfordplayhouse.com; Beaumont St) The city's main stage for quality drama also hosts an impressive selection of touring music, dance and theatre performances. The Burton Taylor Studio often features quirky student productions. Catweazle ClubLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.catweazleclub.com; East Oxford Social Club, 44 Princes St; admission £6; h8pm Thu) Legendary open-mic night, featuring musos, poets and all sorts of bohemian performers. O2 AcademyLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.o2academyoxford.co.uk; 190 Cowley Rd) Oxford's best club and live-music venue hosts everything from big-name DJs and international touring artists to indie bands, hard rock and funk nights across three performance spaces. CellarLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cellaroxford.co.uk; Frewin Crt; W) There's live music or DJs most nights at this independent venue, covering a wide spread of genres including indie rock, reggae, folk, hip hop, and drum and bass. 7Shopping oBlackwell'sBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.blackwell.co.uk; 48-51 Broad St; h9am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) The most famous bookshop in the most studenty of cities, Blackwell's doesn't disappoint with its vast range of literature, academic treatises and guilty pleasures. Separate branches on the same street focus on sheet music and art posters. In summer Blackwell's runs literary-themed walking tours. Make sure you visit the Norrington Room in the basement – an immense inverted step pyramid lined with shelves. Oxford Covered MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oxford-coveredmarket.co.uk; Market St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) A haven of traditional butchers, fishmongers, cobblers, barbers, eateries and independent shops, this is the place to go for Sicilian sausage, funky T-shirts and wacky hats for weddings and/or the Ascot horse races. At Christmas the market is a must for its displays of freshly hung deer, wild boar, ostrich and turkey. Be sure to join the queue at Ben's Cookies 8Information John Radcliffe HospitalHOSPITAL ( %01865-741166; www.ouh.nhs.uk; Headley Way, Headington) Located 3 miles east of Oxford city centre. Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 102 St Aldate's; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-252200; www.visitoxfordandoxfordshire.com; 15-16 Broad St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-3.30pm Sun) 8Getting There & Away Bus Oxford's main bus/coach station is at Gloucester Green, near the corner of Worcester and George Sts. Destinations include the following: A **Cambridge** (X5) £12.50, 3¾ hours A **Chipping Norton** (S3) £4.30, 56 minutes A **Cheltenham** (853) £7.50, 1½ hours A **London Victoria** (Oxford Tube/X90) £14, 1¾ hours A **Woodstock** (S3) £3.50, 25 minutes Oxford Bus CompanyBUS ( %01865-785400; www.oxfordbus.co.uk) Runs 'The Airline' service to/from Heathrow (£23, 1½ minutes) and Gatwick (£28, two hours). National ExpressBUS ( %08717 818178; www.nationalexpress.com) Coach destinations include London Victoria (£15, two hours), Bath (£6.50, two hours), Bristol (£7.50, 2¾ hours) and Birmingham (£8.50, two hours). Car Driving and parking in central Oxford is a nightmare. There are five Park & Ride car parks on major routes leading into town. Parking costs from £2 to £4 per day; buses leave roughly every 15 minutes into town and cost about £2.70 (journey time from 12 to 25 minutes) . Train Oxford's train station is conveniently placed to the west of the city centre. Destinations include the following: A **Birmingham** £27, 1¼ hours A **London Paddington** £25, 1¼ hours A **Manchester** £60, three hours A **Newcastle** £106, 4¾ hours A **Winchester** £17, 1¼ hours 8Getting Around Bicycle Cyclo AnalystsBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01865-424444; www.cycloanalysts.com; 150 Cowley Rd; per day/week from £10/36; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat) Sells, repairs and rents out bikes, including hybrids. Bus Oxford Bus Company and Stagecoach service an extensive local network with regular buses on the major routes. A short journey costs £1.70 (return £2.80); consider a day pass (£4). Tickets can be purchased on the bus. Taxi There are taxi ranks at the train station and bus station, as well as on St Giles and at Carfax. ## Around Oxford Rustic charm is in abundant supply in the villages and towns surrounding Oxford. They make excellent day-trip options or stop-off destinations if you're heading on to the Cotswolds. ### Woodstock Pop 2520 Don't come expecting tie-dyed clothing, rock music or illicit scents in the English Woodstock; the attractions here are considerably more genteel. Old pubs and antique stores dominate the stone buildings of the well-heeled town centre, but what really draws the crowds is Blenheim Palace, the extravagant baroque pile that was the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill. 1Sights oBlenheim PalacePALACE (www.blenheimpalace.com; adult/child £22/12, park & gardens only £13/6.50; h10.30am-5.30pm daily, closed Mon & Tue Nov–mid-Feb) One of the country's greatest stately homes, Blenheim Palace is a monumental baroque fantasy designed by Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor, and was built between 1705 and 1722. The land and funds to build the house were granted to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, by a grateful Queen Anne after his decisive victory at the 1704 Battle of Blenheim. Now a Unesco World Heritage Site, Blenheim (pronounced _blen_ -num) is home to the 11th duke and duchess. Inside, the house is stuffed with statues, tapestries, ostentatious furniture, priceless china and giant oil paintings in elaborate gilt frames. Visits start in the Great Hall, a vast space topped by 20m-high ceilings adorned with images of the first duke. Next up is the Churchill Exhibition, which is dedicated to the life, work and writings of Sir Winston Churchill, who was born at Blenheim in 1874. The British prime minister was a descendant of the Dukes of Marlborough, as was Princess Diana. From here you can choose to wander through the various grand state rooms at your own pace or wait to join one of the free guided tours, which depart regularly throughout the day (except Sundays). Highlights include the famous Blenheim Tapestries, a set of 10 large wall hangings commemorating the first duke's achievements; the State Dining Room, with its painted walls and ceilings; and the magnificent Long Library. Afterwards, head upstairs to the 'Untold Story', where a ghostly chamber maid leads you through a series of tableaux recreating important scenes from the palace's history. If the crowds in the house become too oppressive, retire to the lavish gardens and vast parklands, parts of which were landscaped by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown. A minitrain takes visitors to the Pleasure Gardens, which feature a yew maze, adventure playground and butterfly house. For quieter and longer strolls, there are glorious walks leading to an arboretum, cascade and temple. 4Sleeping & Eating oGlove HouseB&B ( %01993-813475; www.theglovehouse.co.uk; 24 Oxford St; r/ste from £155/165; W) Luxuriously renovated but proudly displaying evidence of its venerable age, this elegant 400-year-old townhouse offers the added bonus of a glorious rear garden. The largest suite has a wonderful free-standing copper bathtub, while another has a rolltop bath. oHope HouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01993-815990; www.hopehousewoodstock.co.uk; 14 Oxford St; s/d from £250/350; p a W) Wallow in pure indulgence in this sumptuous 1708 town house, which has been meticulously restored and furnished with effortless style. Original features blend seamlessly with high-tech gadgetry in the three enormous suites. La GalleriaITALIAN ( %01993-813381; www.lagalleriawoodstock.com; 2 Market Pl; mains £11-24; hnoon-2pm & 7-10pm Tue-Sun) Big windows bathe the simple interior of this much-loved restaurant in light. It's an old-fashioned kind of place, with heavy swag curtains, pink tablecloths and flowers on every table, but the food is excellent. Primarily Sardinian, the menu ranges from silky pastas to perfectly cooked veal and fish. 8Getting There & Away StagecoachBUS ( %01865-772250; www.stagecoachbus.com) Buses head to/from Oxford (route S3; £3.50, 25 minutes), Chipping Norton (S3; £3.80, 25 minutes) and Witney (242; £3.40, 28 minutes). ### Witney Pop 29,100 The sleepy town of Witney is firmly on Oxford's commuter belt. Make your way through the traffic and new housing developments to the centre of town, however, and you'll find a charming village green flanked by pretty stone houses. At one end is a glorious 13th-century church and 18th-century almshouses, and at the other a 17th-century covered market. Witney built its wealth through blanket production, which incredibly was its main trade from the Iron Age until 2002. Its mills, wealthy merchants' homes and blanket factories can still be seen today. The baroque 18th-century Blanket Hall dominates genteel High St, while at Wood Green you'll find a second village green and a cluster of old stone cottages. 4Sleeping & Eating FleecePUB ( %01993-892270; www.fleecewitney.co.uk; 11 Church Green; mains £12-26, s/d from £69/89; p W) Facing the main village green, this roomy pub has an ambitious seasonal menu, with some wonderful smoked fish, steaks, deli platters and Sunday roasts. Upstairs, the rooms are sleek and spacious. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01993-861000; www.westoxon.gov.uk; 3 Welch Way; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Stocks brochures outlining local walks. 8Getting There & Away Witney Shuttle ( %01993-705993; www.witneyshuttle.com) minibuses head to/from Heathrow (£48, 1½ hours) and Gatwick (£68, 2½ hours) airports every two hours. Other destinations: A **Burford** (route 233) £3, 19 minutes A **Chipping Norton** (233/X9) £3.40, 45 minutes A **Minster Lovell** (233/853) £2.50, six minutes A **Oxford** (11/S1/S2/853) £4.50, 30 minutes A **Woodstock** (242) £3.40, 28 minutes ### Vale of the White Horse Lying southwest of Oxford, this verdant valley is notable for the historic market town of **Wantage** , the birthplace of Alfred the Great (in AD 849). But it's most interesting attractions are far older. Sitting just below the crest of the highest point in Oxfordshire, the **Uffington White Horse** is the oldest chalk figure in Britain, dating from the Bronze Age. Around 3000 years ago this highly stylised image of a horse was created by cutting trenches out of the hill and filling them with blocks of chalk; local people have maintained the figure for centuries. Perhaps it was designed with the gods in mind, as it's designed to be seen at its best if you're floating in the air above it. Just below the figure is **Dragon Hill** , so called because it was believed by locals to be the site where St George slew the dragon, although it's possibly an Iron Age ritual site. Above the figure is **Uffington Castle** , a hill fort dating from around 700 BC. One mile east from the White Horse along the **Ridgeway** (an ancient road which may have existed for more than 5000 years) is **Waylands Smithy** , a neolithic long barrow and chamber tomb named after the Saxon god of smiths. #### WORTH A TRIP ### KELMSCOTT MANOR Kelmscott ManorHOUSE ( %01367-252486; www.kelmscottmanor.org.uk; Kelmscott; adult/child £9/4.50; h11am-5pm Wed & Sat Apr-Oct) Tucked away in the countryside 20 miles west of Oxford (near Faringdon), Kelmscott Manor is a gorgeous Tudor pile that was once the summer home of William Morris, a poet, artist and founder of the Arts and Crafts Movement. The interior is true to his philosophy that one should not own anything that is neither beautiful nor useful, and the house contains many of Morris' personal effects, as well as fabrics and furniture designed by him and his associates. ## The Cotswolds Glorious villages riddled with beautiful old mansions of honey-coloured stone; thatched cottages; atmospheric churches; and rickety almshouses draw crowds of visitors to the Cotswolds. If you've ever coveted exposed beams or lusted after a cream tea in the mid-afternoon, there's no finer place to fulfill your fantasies The booming medieval wool trade brought the area its wealth and left it with a proliferation of beautiful buildings. In 1966 it was declared an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and at 790 sq miles, it's the second-largest protected area in England after the Lake District. Spreading from north of Chipping Campden to south of Bath, the Cotswolds cuts across six different counties, although the bulk of it is in Gloucestershire. More than 86% is farmland but, even so, around 158,000 people live within the AONB itself, not counting those in the large towns and small cities on its fringes, such as Cirencester, Cheltenham and Gloucester. While there are bus routes between the major towns and villages, for flexibility and the option of getting off the beaten track, you can't beat having your own car. The gentle hills are also perfect for walking, cycling and horse riding, as a network of long-distance tracks pass through, most notably the 102-mile **Cotswold Way** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/cotswold). ### COTSWOLDS DISCOVERER Cotswolds DiscovererDISCOUNT CARD (www.escapetothecotswolds.org.uk/discoverer; 1-/3-day bus pass £10/25, train pass £8.30/20) If you're planning on seeing much of the Cotswolds in a short space of time and don't have your own wheels, your best bet is the Cotswolds Discoverer, which gives you unlimited travel on participating bus or train routes. ### Cirencester Pop 17,200 Refreshingly unpretentious, charming Cirencester (siren-sester) is nonetheless an affluent, elegant town. The lovely market square – the heart of the town – is surrounded by Victorian architecture, and the nearby streets showcase a harmonious medley of buildings from various eras. It's difficult to believe that under the Romans (who called the town Corinium), Cirencester was second only to London in terms of size and importance and, although little of this period remains, you can still see the grassed-over ruins of one of the largest amphitheatres in the country. The medieval wool trade was also good to the town, with wealthy merchants funding the building of a superb church. Today, Cirencester is the most significant town in the southern Cotswolds, and the lively Monday and Friday markets are as important as the expensive boutiques and trendy delis that line its narrow streets. 1Sights & Activities Corinium MuseumMUSEUM (www.coriniummuseum.org; Park St; adult/child £5/2.50; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 2-4pm Sun; c) The largest part of this modern, well-presented museum is, understandably, dedicated to Cirencester's Roman past. Highlights include an incredible set of floor mosaics and the 'Jupiter column', a carved capital depicting Bacchus and his drunken mates. Reconstructed rooms and interactive displays bring the era to life, and the kids can dress up as Roman citizens and medieval monks. St John the Baptist's ChurchCHURCH (www.cirenparish.co.uk; Market Sq; suggested donation £3; h9.30am-4pm) Commenced in 1100, the cathedral-like St John's is one of England's largest parish churches. It boasts an outstanding Perpendicular Gothic tower with flying buttresses (circa 1400) and a majestic three-storey south porch, which was built as an office by late-15th-century abbots but subsequently became the medieval town hall. Soaring arches, magnificent fan vaulting and a Tudor nave adorn the light-filled interior, where you'll also find a 15th-century painted stone pulpit and some columns recycled from ancient Roman buildings. The east window contains fine 15th- and 16th-century stained glass, and a wall safe displays the Boleyn Cup, made for Anne Boleyn in 1535. New Brewery ArtsARTS CENTRE (www.newbreweryarts.org.uk; Brewery Ct; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) F Home to a theatre and more than a dozen resident artisans, this converted Victorian brewery hosts regular exhibitions, workshops and classes. Cirencester ParkPARK (www.cirencesterpark.co.uk; Cecily Hill; h8am-5pm) Unusually for a stately home, the Earl of Bathurst's mansion sits right on the edge of town, hidden behind a giant yew hedge. The extensive landscaped grounds are open to the public daily, free of charge. 4Sleeping Old BrewhouseB&B ( %01285-656099; www.theoldbrewhouse.com; 7 London Rd; s/d from £68/79; p W) Set in a charming 17th-century town house, this lovely B&B has pretty rooms with cast-iron beds and country-style floral or patchwork quilts. The courtyard rooms are newer and larger. GreensleevesB&B ( %01285-642516; www.greensleeves4u.co.uk; Baunton Lane, Stratton; s/d £50/65; p W) Farmland fringes this modern house on the outskirts of town (off Gloucester Rd). The three comfortable guest rooms share their own wing with a communal kitchenette. Breakfasts include homemade bread. No 12B&B ( %01285-640232; www.no12cirencester.co.uk; 12 Park St; d/ste £120/140) This Georgian town house right in the centre of Cirencester has four gloriously unfussy rooms kitted out with a tasteful mix of antiques and modern furnishings. Think piles of feather pillows, extra-long beds and slick modern bathrooms. 5Eating Lick the SpoonCAFE (www.lickthespoon.co.uk; 3 Black Jack St; cakes £1-2.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) One word: chocolate. It comes both in award-winning solid form, all boxed up for you to take away, and in glorious liquid form. Coffee is roasted on the premises for those desiring a caffeine kick alongside the sugar rush. Made by BobMODERN BRITISH (www.foodmadebybob.com; Corn Hall, 26 Market Pl; breakfast £5-10, lunch £10-19; h7.30am-6.30pm Mon-Sat; v) Part deli, part hip brasserie, Bob's has a casual atmosphere and features inventive, sophisticated fare on the daily changing menu. The breakfast selection's the best in town, and light lunch options include soup, salads and charcuterie plates. Jesse's BistroMODERN BRITISH ( %01285-641497; www.jessesbistro.co.uk; 14 Black Jack St; mains £18-19; hnoon-2.15pm Mon-Sat, 6.45-9.15pm Tue-Sat) Hidden away in a cobbled stable yard, Jesse's is a great little place, with flagstone floors, wrought-iron chairs and mosaic tables. The dishes feature local, seasonal produce, such as Cornish crab and Cotswold beef. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01285-654180; www.cotswolds.com; Corinium Museum, Park St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 2-4pm Sun) Stocks a leaflet detailing a self-guided walk around the town (£1.20). 8Getting There & Away Most buses stop outside the Corn Hall on Market Pl. They run to the following from Monday to Saturday: A **Cheltenham** (route 51) £3.60, 40 minutes A **Gloucester** (852) £2.60, one hour A **Northleach** (855) £2.20, 30 minutes A **Stroud** (54) £3.50, 36 minutes A **Tetbury** (881) £3.50, 37 minutes National Express coach destinations: A **Birmingham** £15, 2½ hours A **Leeds** £52, 6¾ hours A **London** £17, 2½ hours A **Newcastle-upon-Tyne** £68, 10 hours A **Nottingham** £27, 5¼ hours ### Bibury Pop 625 Once described by William Morris as 'the most beautiful village in England', Bibury is the Cotswolds at its most picturesque, with a cluster of riverside cottages and a tangle of narrow streets flanked by wayward stone buildings. **Arlington Row** , a perfectly rustic sweep of cottages, has served as a backdrop for many films (most notably _Stardust_ ) and is thought to be a contender for the title of the most photographed street in Britain. Also worth a look is the 17th-century **Arlington Mill** , just a short stroll away across **Rack Isle** , a wildlife refuge once used as a cloth-drying area. 1Sights Church of St Mary the VirginCHURCH (Church Rd) The village's Saxon-built church has been much altered since its original construction, but many 8th-century features are still visible among the 12th- and 13th-century additions. Bibury Trout FarmFARM (www.biburytroutfarm.co.uk; adult/child £4/3, catch per lb £4; h9am-5pm) You can fish for your supper at this trout farm, located at the edge of the village, where the B4425 crosses the River Coln. Otherwise, take the easy option and buy some smoked fish at the little shop. 4Sleeping The best options are in the nearby villages of Coln St Aldwyns (2 miles east) and Barnsley (3 miles southwest). New InnPUB ( %01285-750651; www.new-inn.co.uk; Coln St Aldwyns; r £100-150; p W) The jasmine-clad New Inn offers quirky luxury in 16th-century surroundings, both in the main building and a neighbouring cottage. The 15 bedrooms are spacious and atmospheric, with bold colours and smart furnishings. Barnsley HouseHOTEL ( %01285-740000; www.barnsleyhouse.com; B4425, Barnsley; r from £290; p W s) For pure indulgence and romance, this 1697 house and its famous garden takes some beating. All of the 18 rooms are different and while some have disco balls and jacuzzis, most are demure in their decor. Facilities include a spa centre, private cinema and restaurant. 8Getting There & Away Pulhams Coaches (www.pulhamscoaches.com) bus 855 heads to/from Cirencester (£2.20, 15 minutes) and Northleach (£1.70, 19 minutes); no Sunday service. ### Burford Pop 1190 Slithering down a steep hill to a medieval crossing point on the River Windrush, the remarkable village of Burford is little changed since its glory days at the height of the wool trade. It's a particularly picturesque place with higgledy-piggledy stone cottages, fine Cotswold town houses and the odd Elizabethan or Georgian treasure. Antique shops, tearooms and specialist boutiques peddle nostalgia to the hordes of visitors who make it here in summer, but despite the crowds it's easy to get off the main drag and wander along quiet side streets seemingly lost in time. 1Sights St John the Baptist's ChurchCHURCH (www.burfordchurch.org; Church Lane) Commenced in 1175 and added to over the years, Burford's sturdy stone church has managed to survive reformers and Roundheads (supporters of parliament against the king in the English Civil War) with its fine fan-vaulted ceiling and several grand tombs intact. The best of these is the macabre 1626 Tanfield tomb, which has effigies of a noble couple in all their finery on top and as skeletons below. During the Civil War, 340 Levellers were imprisoned here – Roundhead soldiers who mutinied due to their leaders' failure to uphold the notion of equality of all men before the law. One of them carved his name in the lead lining of the font. A plaque outside the church entrance commemorates the three ringleaders who were executed in the churchyard. Just outside the churchyard, you'll find the town's 15th-century almshouses Tolsey HouseNOTABLE BUILDING (cnr High & Sheep Sts) Perched on sturdy pillars, this unusual 16th-century building was originally the place to pay market tolls. Cotswold Wildlife ParkZOO ( %01993-823006; www.cotswoldwildlifepark.co.uk; adult/child £15/10; h10am-5pm; c) Younger visitors will enjoy a visit to this hugely popular place, 3 miles south of Burford. It's home to a vast menagerie of penguins, zebras, white rhinos, lions and much more. A miniature train (£1) and petting zoo take the excitement up a notch. Last admission is 1½ hours before closing time. 2Activities There are several picturesque walks from Burford, including the one along the river path to the untouched and rarely visited village of **Swinbrook** (3 miles), where 12th-century St Mary's Church has the remarkably jaunty tombs of the Fettiplace family who dominated the area for 500 years. _Downton Abbey_ fans will recognise the pub as the place where Lady Sybil and Branson stayed while planning their elopement. 4Sleeping & Eating oStar CottageB&B ( %01993-822032; www.burfordbedandbreakfast.co.uk; Meadow Lane, Fulbrook; s/d from £70/80; W) In the village of Fulbrook, a 15-minute walk from Burford, this wonderful old Cotswold cottage has two comfortable and character-filled en suite rooms, the smaller of which has a grand canopied bed. The cooked breakfasts are excellent. BullHOTEL ( %01993-822220; www.bullatburford.co.uk; 105 High St; s/d from £65/80; p W) You'll be following in the footsteps of guests as illustrious as Charles II and Horatio Nelson if you stay at this 15th-century hotel. The plusher rooms feature four-poster beds and antique furniture, and the restaurant is pure gourmet, with beautifully executed dishes making the most of local ingredients. Lamb InnPUB ( %01993-823155; www.cotswold-inns-hotels.co.uk/lamb; Sheep St; s/d from £150/160; W) At this atmospheric 15th-century inn, expect flagstone floors, exposed beams, creaking stairs, a laid-back vibe and luxurious period-style rooms with antique furniture. The restaurant serves top-notch modern British food (two-/three-course dinner £33/39); there's less-formal dining in the bar (mains from £8 to £15). AngelPUB ( %01993-822714; www.theangelatburford.co.uk; 14 Witney St; mains £14-17; hnoon-11.30pm; W) Set in a lovely 16th-century coaching inn, this atmospheric pub serves up a tasty menu of modern British food. Dine by roaring fires in winter, or eat alfresco in the lovely walled garden in warmer weather. There are three traditionally decorated rooms upstairs (£90 to £120) if you wish to linger. Spice LoungeINDIAN, BANGLADESHI ( %07833 292255; www.spiceloungeburford.co.uk; 81 High St; mains £7-13; hnoon-2pm Sat-Thu, 6-11pm daily; W v) White linen and brown-leather chairs set the scene for an upmarket restaurant serving excellent Bangladeshi and Indian fare. All your favourite curries and tandoori dishes feature, along with some lesser-known regional specialities. HuffkinsBAKERY, CAFE (www.huffkins.com; 98 High St; mains £7-12; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) Since 1890 Huffkins has been baking and serving delicious scones, cakes and pies. More substantial fare includes cooked breakfasts, macaroni cheese, Welsh rarebit and burgers. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01993-823558; www.oxfordshirecotswolds.org; 33a High St; h9.30am-5pm) 8Getting There & Away Most buses stop on the High St or Sheep St. Bus destinations to/from Burford: A **Cheltenham** (route 853) £3.80, 45 minutes A **Gloucester** (853) £5, 1¼ hours A **Oxford** (853) £4.20, 45 minutes A **Minster Lovell** (233/853) £1.60, nine minutes A **Witney** (233/853) £3.10, 19 minutes ### Minster Lovell Pop 1340 Set on a gentle slope leading down to the meandering River Windrush, Minster Lovell is a gorgeous village with a cluster of stone cottages nestled beside an ancient pub and riverside mill. One of William Morris' favourite spots, the village has changed little since medieval times. It's divided into two halves: Old Minster, recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) and the rather newer Minster Lovell, across the river and up the hill. 1Sights Minster Lovell HallHISTORIC BUILDING The main sight in Old Minster is Minster Lovell Hall, the 15th-century manor house that was home to Viscount Francis Lovell. The manor is now in ruins; you can peek past the blackened walls into the roofless great hall and the interior courtyard, while the wind whistles eerily through the gaping windows. Lovell fought with Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 and joined Lambert Simnel's failed rebellion after the king's defeat and death. Lovell's mysterious disappearance was never explained, and when a skeleton was discovered inside a secret vault in the house in 1708, it was assumed he had died while in hiding. 4Sleeping & Eating Old Swan & Minster MillHOTEL, PUB ( %01993-774441; www.oldswanandminstermill.com; Old Minster; d/ste from £165/285, mains £14-22; hOld Swan noon-3pm & 6-9pm; p W c #) This luxurious complex has charming period-style rooms in a 600-year-old pub and sleek, contemporary design in the converted 19th-century mill. Spa treatments are available at the mill, while the Old Swan serves excellent gastropub food, with doorstep sandwiches for lunch, and handmade sausages, daily fish and game for dinner. 8Getting There & Away Bus destinations: A **Burford** (route 233/853) £1.60, nine minutes A **Cheltenham** (853) £4.60, 52 minutes A **Gloucester** (853) £5.60, 1½ hours A **Oxford** (S2/853) £3.90, 46 minutes A **Witney** (233/S2/853) £2.60, six minutes ## 2Driving Tour Classic Cotswolds **Start** Burford **End** Winchcombe **Length** 50 miles; one day Given its large network of winding country lanes linking ancient market towns, timeless villages and magnificent stately homes, it's impossible to cover all of the Cotswolds' highlights in one day. This tour spans three counties and ticks off some of the most picturesque parts of the northern half of the range. It can easily be driven in a day, but could be stretched into two or three. Begin in Oxfordshire at the pretty market town of 1Burford and then head west on the A40 into Gloucestershire and follow the signs to 2Northleach. The Escape to the Cotswolds visitor centre on the edge of this classic Cotswolds town has excellent displays covering all you need to know about the history, geography, flora and fauna of the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). From here, head northeast on the A429 and follow the signs to 3Lower Slaughter, a picture-perfect village lined with houses made of the golden stone so typical of the area. If you've got time, take the 1 mile walk to 4Upper Slaughter, less often visited than its sibling but no less attractive due to its idyllic setting between a small ford and the hills. If you've had the wherewithal to book ahead, stop for lunch at Michelin-starred Lords of the Manor, housed in a Jacobean mansion. Continue on to 5Stow-on-the-Wold, the highest of the Cotswold villages at 244m and a market town since the 12th century. After perusing the market square, take the A429 north following the route of the ancient Roman road, the Fosse Way. After 4 miles you'll reach 6Moreton-in-Marsh, a town known for its weekly market and excellent local food shops. From Moreton, take the A44 west through tiny 7 **Bourton-on-the-Hill** , lined with attractive 17th- and 18th-century cottages and famous for two things: the gibbeting cage in which the bodies of dead highwaymen were hung in the 19th century, and horse training – there are several stud farms in the vicinity of the village. This is a good alternative spot to pause for lunch. Continuing on, turn right onto the B4081 and head to 8Chipping Campden, one of the Cotswold's prettiest towns. After admiring the buildings on the main street – and if you're not tempted to stay the night – backtrack to the A44, cross into the Worcestershire corner of the Cotswolds and head down the hill to 9Broadway. After cruising along the broad main street, take the B4632 south in the direction of Cheltenham. After three miles, take the left turn-off to a **Stanton**. A little stunner of a village, its houses are crafted out of that golden Cotswolds stone, with not a shop or quaint tearoom in sight. The buildings most likely to catch your eye are the Jacobean Stanton Court and the fine Perpendicular tower of St Michael & All Angels' Church, which has an absolutely beguiling medieval interior. Stanton Court once belonged to civil architect Sir Philip Stott (1858–1937), who was responsible for the restoration of many other houses in the village. You'll undoubtedly see walkers passing through the village, heading south along the Cotswold Way to the village of b **Stanway** , just a mile south; follow the narrow road that runs parallel to the trail. There is little more to Stanway than a few thatched-roofed cottages, a church and Stanway House, a magnificent Jacobean mansion hidden behind a triple-gabled gatehouse. Its baroque water gardens feature Britain's tallest fountain, which erupts, geyser-like, to a height of 300ft. The manor has been the private home of the Earls of Wemyss for 500 years and has a delightful, lived-in charm with much of its original furniture and character intact. It's only open to the public on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons from June to August (adult/child £7/2). After passing through Stanway, turn right onto the B4077 and then left back onto the B4632. The next stop is cWinchcombe, an ancient Saxon town with some great eating and sleeping options. You'll probably want to stop here for the night so that you can explore wonderful Sudeley Castle in the morning. Otherwise, continue on to the relatively bright lights of Cheltenham. ### Northleach Pop 1860 Little visited and underappreciated, Northleach has been a little market town since 1227 and comprises late-medieval cottages, imposing merchants' stores and half-timbered Tudor houses. A wonderful mix of architectural styles clusters around the market square and the narrow laneways leading off it. 1Sights Escape to the CotswoldsINTERPRETATION CENTRE (www.cotswoldsaonb.co.uk; A429; h9.30am-4.30pm; W) F Housed in the Old Prison (an attraction in itself), this is the official visitor centre for the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), and has displays outlining the area's history, ecology and attractions. There's also a cafe and a collection of agricultural wagons in the rear courtyard. Church of St Peter & St PaulCHURCH (www.northleach.org; Church Walk; h10am-dusk) The grandeur and complexity of this masterpiece of the Cotswold Perpendicular style is testimony to its wool-era wealth. Although the chancel dates to around 1350, the building was extensively reworked during the 15th century wool boom. A modern highlight is the large 1964 stained-glass window behind the altar depicting Christ in Glory. Keith Harding's World of Mechanical MusicMUSEUM (www.mechanicalmusic.co.uk; High St; adult/child £8/3.50; h10am-5pm) Near Northleach's market square is Oak House, a 17th-century wool house containing this fascinating museum of lovingly restored self-playing musical instruments. Entry is by way of hour-long guided tours. Chedworth Roman VillaARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Yanworth; adult/child £9/4.50; h10am-4pm Feb-Nov) Rediscovered in 1864 by a gamekeeper out ferreting, these extensive ruins represent one of the largest and most luxurious Roman villas in England. The earliest section dates to around AD 175, but it's thought to have been at its most magnificent in around AD 362, with two sets of bathhouses, a formal dining room with underfloor heating and a water shrine. It's 4.5 miles southwest of town, signposted from the A429. 4Sleeping & Eating oWheatsheafPUB ( %01451-860244; www.cotswoldswheatsheaf.com; West End; d £140-180, mains £11-20; h8-10am, noon-3pm & 6-9.30pm; p W c #) The 14 rooms at this former coaching inn blend nice period touches, such as free-standing baths, with modern comforts, such as power showers. The restaurant is excellent, serving a menu of hearty British dishes including diabolically good devilled kidneys. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from the following: A **Cheltenham** (route 801/853) £1.80, 30 minutes A **Cirencester** (855) £2.20, 30 minutes A **Gloucester** (853) £3, one hour A **Moreton-in-Marsh** (801) £2.20, 40 minutes A **Oxford** (853) £6, one hour ### The Slaughters Pop 400 The picture-postcard villages of Upper and Lower Slaughter manage to maintain their unhurried medieval charm in spite of receiving a multitude of visitors. The village names have nothing to do with abattoirs; they are derived from the Old English 'sloughtre', meaning slough or muddy place. Today the River Eye is contained within limestone banks and meanders peacefully through the village past the 17th-century Lower Slaughter Manor to the Old Mill (www.oldmill-lowerslaughter.com; adult/child £2.50/1; h10am-6pm), which houses a small museum, cafe and ice cream parlour. 4Sleeping & Eating Lords of the ManorHOTEL ( %01451-820243; www.lordsofthemanor.com; Upper Slaughter; d £199-495, 3-course meal £69; hrestaurant noon-3pm Sun, 6-9pm daily; p W) 'Countryside splendour' is what comes to mind when you clap your eyes on this 17th-century mansion. Its rooms are spacious and supremely tasteful, and the Michelin-starred restaurant is one of the best in the Cotswolds, concocting imaginative, beautifully presented dishes. 8Getting There & Away Pulhams (www.pulhamscoaches.com) bus 801 heads between Lower Slaughter and Northleach (£1.80, 20 minutes), Stow-on-the-Wold (£1.70, seven minutes), Moreton-in-Marsh (£1.70, 17 minutes) and Cheltenham (£3, 33 minutes); no Sunday service. ### Stow-on-the-Wold Pop 2050 The highest town in the Cotswolds (244m), Stow is anchored by a large market square surrounded by handsome buildings and steep-walled alleyways, originally used to funnel the sheep into the fair. It's still an important market town and has long held a strategic place in Cotswold history, standing as it does on the Roman Fosse Way and at the junction of six roads. Today, it's famous for its twice-yearly Stow Horse Fair (May and October), where Romany people and other travellers have gathered for more than 500 years. 4Sleeping Stow-on-the-Wold YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 3719540; www.yha.org.uk; Market Sq; dm £19; i W c) You can't get more central than this location on the market square. The Cotswolds' only YHA is located in a wonderful 16th-century town house, with compact dorms, a children's play area and its own on-site cafe, which serves inexpensive hot meals. Number 9B&B ( %01451-870333; www.number-nine.info; 9 Park St; s/d from £45/65; W) Centrally located and wonderfully atmospheric, this friendly B&B is all sloping floors, low ceilings and exposed beams. The three rooms are cosy but spacious and each has its own bathroom. Number Four at StowHOTEL ( %01451-830297; www.hotelnumberfour.co.uk; Fosse Way; s/d from £115/130; p W) While not exactly 'at Stow' (it's a steep mile's walk from town on the main road to Burford), Number Four has a popular restaurant and 18 modern rooms with bathrooms. Standard rooms are a little cramped (especially for the prices charged), but nicely furnished. 5Eating Bell at StowPUB ( %01451-870916; www.thebellatstow.com; Park St; mains £13-16; h11am-11pm) Stow has plenty of cool old pubs but the Bell is the best. Lurking on the eastern edge of town, it serves a lively and varied menu stretching from Wiener schnitzel to jerk chicken to jambalaya. A selection of fresh fish dishes is chalked up on the blackboard daily. Vine LeafCAFE ( %01451-832010; www.thevineleaf.co.uk; 10 Talbot Ct; mains £9-16, 2-/3-course menu £12/15; h11.30am-9pm Tue-Sat Apr-Sep, Wed-Sat Oct-Mar) A wonderful little catch-all cafe, serving chunky lunchtime sandwiches with locally baked bread, burgers, Mediterranean-style meze and more substantial bistro-style mains crafted from locally sourced produce. 8Getting There & Away Pulhams bus 801 heads to/from Moreton-in-Marsh (£1.70, 15 minutes), Lower Slaughter (£1.70, seven minutes), Northleach (£2.10, 26 minutes) and Cheltenham (£3, one hour), Monday to Saturday. The Witney Shuttle (www.witneyshuttle.com) has scheduled runs to/from Heathrow (£88, two hours) and Gatwick (£108, three hours) airports. #### WORTH A TRIP ### COTSWOLD FARM PARK Cotswold Farm ParkZOO (www.cotswoldfarmpark.co.uk; Guiting Power; adult/child £9/8; h10.30am-4.30pm Mar-Nov; c) Owned by TV presenter Adam Henson, Cotswold Farm Park is designed to introduce little ones to the world of farm animals while also preserving rare breeds. There are milking and shearing demonstrations, an adventure playground and pedal tractors to ride on. It's located in Guiting Power, halfway between Stow-on-the-Wold and Winchcombe, signposted from the B4077. ### Chipping Norton Pop 5720 The hilly town of Chipping Norton ('Chippy', to locals) has plenty of quiet side streets to wander and none of the Cotswold crowds. Handsome Georgian buildings and old coaching inns cluster around the market square, while on Church St you'll find a row of beautiful honey-coloured **almshouses** built in the 17th century. 1Sights St Mary's ChurchCHURCH (www.stmaryscnorton.com) This secluded church is a classic example of the Cotswold wool churches, with a magnificent Perpendicular nave and clerestory. While most of the church was built in 1448, two of the arches in the chancel date to around 1200. In the hexagonal porch, take time to gaze up at the carved ceiling bosses that include the possibly pagan but common visitor to British churches, the Green Man. Bliss MillLANDMARK Chipping Norton's most enduring landmark is the arresting Bliss Mill on the western outskirts of town. This monument to the industrial architecture of the 19th century is more like a stately home than a factory, topped by a domed tower and chimney stack of the Tuscan order. It's been converted into luxury flats, so content yourself to admiring it as you drive along the A44. 5Eating Wild ThymeMODERN BRITISH ( %01608-645060; www.wildthymerestaurant.co.uk; 10 New St; mains £18-19, 2-/3-course lunch £18/23; hnoon-2pm Wed-Sun, 7-9pm Tue-Sat) This little 'restaurant with rooms' thrills the palate with top-notch dishes such as goat's-cheese soufflé with red-onion marmalade. The desserts are nothing short of sublime, and the three upstairs rooms (single/double from £65/75) have feather duvets and Egyptian cotton bedding. 7Shopping oJaffé & Neale Bookshop CafeBOOKS (www.jaffeandneale.co.uk; 1 Middle Row; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) This great little independent bookshop serves delicious cakes to tables squeezed between the bookshelves. Upstairs there's a good second-hand selection. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from the following: A **Oxford** (route S3) £4.30, 56 minutes A **Stratford-upon-Avon** (50) £5.40, 45 minutes A **Witney** (233/X9) £3.40, 45 minutes A **Woodstock** (S3) £3.80, 25 minutes On Sundays buses head to Burford (233; £3.80, 30 minutes). ### Moreton-in-Marsh Pop 3500 Home to some beautiful buildings but plagued by heavy traffic that clogs up its broad High St (built on top of the Roman Fosse Way), Moreton-in-Marsh is a major transport hub known for its excellent food shops stocking Cotswold produce. On Tuesdays, the town bursts into life for its weekly market, and if you're here in September, don't miss the one-day **Moreton Show** (www.moretonshow.co.uk), the ultimate agricultural extravaganza, attracting up to 20,000 people with the best of local food and gussied-up livestock competitions. 1Sights & Activities Chastleton HouseHOUSE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £8.50/4; h12.30-3pm Wed-Sun Mar-Oct) Five miles east of Moreton (off the A44), Chastleton is one of England's finest and most complete Jacobean houses. Full of rare tapestries, family portraits and antique furniture, its Long Gallery is particularly resplendent. Outside, there's a wonderful topiary garden. Batsford ArboretumPARK (www.batsarb.co.uk; Batsford Park; adult/child £7/3; h10am-5pm; #) Created by Bertie Mitford (Lord Redesdale) in 1880, these exotic woodlands feature more than 3300 labelled trees, bamboos and shrubs from Nepal, China, Japan and North America. Highlights include vast American redwoods, flowering Japanese cherries (at their best in spring) and the strangely churchlike 'cathedral' lime. oCotswold Falconry CentreAVIARY (www.cotswold-falconry.co.uk; Batsford Park; adult/child £10/5; h10.30am-5pm mid-Feb–mid-Oct) Home to numerous species of owl, vulture, eagle and, of course, falcon, this interesting place offers displays of the ancient practice of falconry at 11.30am, 1.30pm and 3pm daily (plus 4.30pm in summer). The birds fly at their best on windy days. Various hands-on experiences are also offered (from £40). 4Sleeping & Eating White Hart Royal HotelHOTEL ( %01608-650731; www.whitehartroyal.co.uk; High St; s/d from £72/86) The 'Royal' in the name relates to the fact that Charles I once stayed here during the Civil War, and while he probably didn't make use of the iPod docks, flatscreen TVs and en suite bathrooms, he certainly would have walked down the atmospheric half-timbered corridors. The downstairs restaurant has plenty of charm, too. oHorse & GroomPUB ( %01386-700413; www.horseandgroom.info; mains £14-20; hnoon-2pm daily, 7-9pm Mon-Sat; p W) In the village of Bourton-on-the-Hill, 2 miles from Moreton-in-Marsh, this relaxed pub excels at upmarket country cooking showcasing local lamb and beef, alongside flavour-filled fish dishes. It's a firm favourite with the well-heeled horsey types who live hereabouts. It also has rooms upstairs (single/double £80/120). 8Getting There & Away Bus From Monday to Saturday buses head to/from the following: A **Broadway** (route 21/973) £3, 25 minutes A **Cheltenham** (801/813) £3.30, 1¼ hours A **Chipping Campden** (21/22/816) £3, 40 minutes A **Stow-on-the-Wold** (801/817) £1.70, 15 minutes A **Stratford-upon-Avon** (21/22/23) £5, one hour Train Trains head to/from the following: A **Hereford** £18, two hours A **Ledbury** £17, 1½ hours A **London Paddington** £33, 1¾ hours A **Oxford** £9.60, 35 minutes A **Worcester** £12, 45 minutes ### Chipping Campden Pop 2290 An absolute gem in an area full of pretty towns, Chipping Campden is a glorious reminder of life in the Cotswolds in medieval times. The graceful curving main street is flanked by a picturesque array of stone cottages, fine terraced houses, ancient inns and historic homes, many made of that honey-coloured stone that the Cotswolds is so famous for. Despite its obvious allure, the town remains relatively unspoiled by visiting crowds, though it is very popular with walkers rambling along the Cotswold Way. While the village's name derives from the Old English 'ceapen', meaning 'market', 'Chippy's' visible prosperity derives from its past as a successful wool town. 1Sights & Activities St James' ChurchCHURCH (www.stjameschurchcampden.co.uk; Church St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5.45pm Sun Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Mon-Sat, 2-4pm Sun Nov-Mar) Built in the 15th century in Perpendicular Gothic style, imposing St James' has a magnificent tower and some graceful 17th-century monuments. Nearby on Church St is a remarkable row of **almshouses** dating from 1612. Court Barn MuseumMUSEUM ( %01386-841951; www.courtbarn.org.uk; Church St; adult/child £4/free; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun) Chipping Campden has been linked with the Arts and Crafts Movement since architect and designer Charles Robert Ashbee moved his Guild of Handicrafts from East London to here in 1902. This small but interesting design museum features work from luminaries of the movement, which celebrated the work of the traditional artisan in an age of industrialisation. The barn once belonged to **Campden House** , a grand 17th-century merchant's pad that was burned down by Royalist soldiers during the Civil War. Some of its lodges have since been restored and are available for holiday lets through the Landmark Trust (www.landmarktrust.org.uk); it's closed to nonresidents but you can peer through the gates. Grevel HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (High St) One of the grandest residences on the High St, 14th-century Grevel House was home to the highly successful wool merchant William Grevel. It's not open to the public, but you can admire the splendid Perpendicular Gothic–style gabled window from the street. Market HallHISTORIC BUILDING (High St) In the middle of the High St stands the highly photogenic 17th-century Market Hall, an open-sided building where dairy farmers used to sell their produce. It looks like a cross between a barn and a chapel, with its simple arches, uneven stone floors, multiple gables and elaborate timber roof. Guild Craft WorkshopsARTS CENTRE (www.thegalleryattheguild.co.uk; Sheep St; h10am-4.30pm) F This former silk mill (circa 1790) was the home of Charles Ashbee's Guild of Handicrafts from 1902 until it went bust in 1908. Many of the artisans stayed on, however, including Hart Gold & Silversmiths, who are still here to this day. Downstairs there's a cafe and a gallery showcasing the work of a cooperative of local artists and craftspeople. HidcoteGARDENS (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Hidcote Bartrim; adult/child £10/5; h10am-6pm) About 4 miles northeast of Chipping Campden, this is one of the finest examples of Arts and Crafts landscaping in Britain, with outdoor 'rooms' filled with flowers and rare plants for the arboreally inclined. Cotswold Country CyclesCYCLING ( %01386-438706; www.cotswoldcountrycycles.com; Longlands Farm Cottage; tours from £265) Arranges maps, luggage transfers and B&B accommodation for a range of self-guided cycling itineraries through the Cotswolds countryside. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### THE COTSWOLDS OLIMPICKS Cotswold OlimpicksSPORTS (www.olimpickgames.co.uk; hlate May or early Jun) The medieval sport of shin-kicking lives on in Chipping Campden, where each year the townspeople gather annually to compete at the Cotswold Olimpicks, a traditional country sports day first celebrated in 1612. It is one of the most entertaining and bizarre sporting competitions in England, and many of the original events, such as tug o' war, the sack race and climbing a slippery pole, are still held. 4Sleeping & Eating Volunteer InnB&B ( %01386-840688; www.thevolunteerinn.net; Lower High St; s/d £35/50, with bathroom £45/60, mains £8-20; W) Attached to a busy locals' pub, this clutch of simple rooms is a favourite haunt of walkers and cyclists travelling along the Cotswold Way. **Maharaja** , the pub's popular Indian restaurant, covers all the classics as well as more unusual dishes such as venison _tikka masala_. The Inn also rent bikes. Eight Bells InnPUB ( %01386-840371; www.eightbellsinn.co.uk; Church St; s/d from £80/115, mains £13-19) This 14th-century inn is an atmospheric place to stay, featuring bright, modern rooms with iron bedsteads, soothing neutral decor and warm accents. The pub downstairs wins points for its flagstone floors and good modern British country cooking. Cotswold House & SpaHOTEL ( %01386-840330; www.cotswoldhouse.com; The Square; r from £162; hrestaurant 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun; p W s) This chic Regency town-house-turned-boutique hotel has ultracomfortable king-sized beds, lush furnishings and, in the top rooms, private gardens and hot tubs. Indulge in a spa treatment and then dine in style in the Dining Room (three-course set dinner £45). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01386-841206; www.campdenonline.org; High St; h9.30am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 9.30am-1pm Mon-Thu, to 4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Mar) Pick up a town guide (£1.50) for a self-guided walk around the most significant buildings. Enquire about the guided tours run by the Cotswold Voluntary Wardens (from May to September; suggested donation £3). 8Getting There & Around Johnsons Excelbus (www.johnsonscoaches.co.uk) services head to/from Moreton-in-Marsh (route 21/22/816; £3, 40 minutes), Broadway (21/608; £3, 17 minutes) and Stratford-upon-Avon (21/22; £4, 35 minutes), from Monday to Saturday. ### Broadway Pop 2540 A quintessentially English place with a smattering of antique shops, tearooms and art galleries, Broadway has inspired writers, artists and composers in times past with its graceful, golden-hued cottages set at the foot of a steep escarpment. Take the time to wander down to the lovely 12th-century **St Eadburgha's Church** , a signposted 1-mile walk from town. If the neighbouring village of **Snowshill** looks familiar, that's because it featured in the film _Bridget Jones's Diary;_ a local house was used as Bridget's parents' home. 1Sights Broadway TowerTOWER (www.broadwaytower.co.uk; Middle Hill; adult/child £4.80/3; h10am-5pm) Near St Eadburgha's Church, a mile from Broadway, a path leads uphill for 2 miles to Broadway Tower, a crenulated 18th-century Gothic folly on the crest of the escarpment, where you'll find all-encompassing views from the top. Snowshill ManorHOUSE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9.80/4.90; hnoon-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Jun, Sep & Oct, 11.30am-4.30pm Wed-Mon Jul & Aug) About 3 miles south of Broadway lies Snowshill Manor, a wonderful Cotswold mansion that was once home to the marvellously eccentric poet and architect Charles Paget Wade (1883–1956). The house contains Wade's extraordinary collection of crafts and design, including everything from musical instruments to Victorian perambulators and Japanese samurai armour. The impressive gardens were designed as an extension of the house, with pools, terraces and wonderful views. 4Sleeping & Eating Crown & TrumpetPUB ( %01386-853202; www.cotswoldholidays.co.uk; 14 Church St; r £60; p W) For modern comfort within a 300-year-old exterior, this friendly pub offers five en suite rooms complete with sloped floors, exposed beams and low ceilings. Downstairs is a good bet for real ales and a proper roast dinner. Russell'sHOTEL ( %01386-853555; www.russellsofbroadway.co.uk; 20 High St; r from £115, 2-/3-course menu £14/17; hrestaurant noon-2.30pm daily, 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat; p W) Sleek and stylish Russell's has seven spacious, individually designed rooms, some with exposed beams and four-poster beds, and all with modern luxuries such as contemporary bathrooms and iPod docks. It's known for its beautifully executed modern British fare. Lygon ArmsHOTEL ( %01386-852255; www.pumahotels.co.uk; High St, Broadway; r from £126; p W s) Choose medieval splendour or modern chic at this 16th-century inn in the heart of Broadway. It's a grand old place, with a golden stone exterior and half-timbered walls inside. There's also a good restaurant. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01386-852937; www.beautifulbroadway.com; Russell Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-3pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from the following: A **Cheltenham** (route 606/608) 47 minutes A **Chipping Campden** (21/22/608) £3, 17 minutes A **Moreton-in-Marsh** (21/22/973) £3, 25 minutes A **Stratford-upon-Avon** (21) £4, 52 minutes A **Winchcombe** (606) 30 minutes ### Winchcombe Pop 4540 Winchcombe is very much a working, living town, with butchers, bakers and small independent shops lining the main streets. It was capital of the Saxon kingdom of Mercia and one of the most important towns in the Cotswolds until the Middle Ages. Today, the remnants of its illustrious past can still be seen in its stone and half-timbered buildings. Keep an eye out for the picturesque cottages on Vineyard St and Dents Tce, and the grotesque gargoyles that adorn **St Peter's Church**. Winchcombe is ideally situated for walkers, with a spider's web of long-distance trails branching out in every direction including the Cotswold Way, the Gloucestershire Way and the Worcestershire-bound St Kenelm's Way. 1Sights & Activities Sudeley CastleCASTLE (www.sudeleycastle.co.uk; adult/child £14/5; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) Winchcombe's main attraction, this magnificent castle has welcomed many a monarch over its thousand year history, including Richard III, Henry VIII and Charles I. It is most famous as the home of Catherine Parr (Henry VIII's widow) and her second husband, Thomas Seymour. Princess Elizabeth (before she became Elizabeth I) was part of the household for a time until Seymour's inappropriate displays of affection towards her prompted Catherine to banish her from the premises. Lady Jane Grey – the ill-fated 'Nine Days Queen' – was also sent here to live with the Seymours, and she was the chief mourner at Catherine's funeral. You'll find Catherine's tomb in the chapel, making this the only private house in England where a queen is buried. The house is still used as a family home and some of the interior is off-limits to visitors, but you can get a good sense of its grand proportions while visiting the exhibitions of costumes, memorabilia and paintings, and the surrounding grounds. The gardens include spectacular avenues of sculpted yews, an intricate knot garden and aviaries containing magnificently coloured pheasants. Enquire at the visitor centre about the 5-mile loop walk from here that leads to a well-preserved Roman mosaic floor hidden within the surrounding woods. Allow 2½ hours for the walk. Belas Knap Long BarrowARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE Dating from more than 5500 years ago, Belas Knap is one of the best-preserved neolithic burial chambers in the country, and the views down to Sudeley Castle and across the surrounding countryside are breathtaking. The remains of 38 people were found when its four chambers were excavated. The barrow can be accessed from Winchcombe by a 2½-mile hike along the Cotswold Way. Otherwise you can park on Corndean Lane and take a steep but shortish walk up across the fields. Hailes AbbeyRUIN (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Hailes; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h10am-5pm Apr-Nov) Two miles northeast of Winchcombe are the meagre ruins of this Cistercian abbey, once one of the country's main pilgrimage centres, due to a long-running medieval scam. The abbey was said to possess a vial of Christ's blood, which turned out to be merely coloured water. Before the deception came to light, thousands of pilgrims contributed to the abbey's wealth. 4Sleeping & Eating Wesley HouseB&B ( %01242-602366; www.wesleyhouse.co.uk; High St; s/d from £65/90, mains £17-20; hrestaurant noon-2pm Tue-Sun, 7-9pm Tue-Sat; W) Methodist founder John Wesley once stayed in this wonderful 15th-century half-timbered house. The rooms are pleasantly indulgent, especially 'Almsbury', which has its own balcony overlooking the countryside. Downstairs is split between a relaxed bar and grill, and a more formal restaurant serving fabulous Modern British cuisine. White Hart InnHOTEL ( %01242-602359; www.whitehartwinchcombe.co.uk; High St; s/d from £60/70, without bathroom £40/50; W) Appealingly old-fashioned, this central inn caters well to walkers. Choose one of the three cheaper 'rambler' rooms, with shared bathrooms and iron bedsteads, or go for greater luxury in a superior room. o5 North StMODERN EUROPEAN ( %01242-604566; www.5northstreetrestaurant.co.uk; 5 North St; 2-/3-course lunch £24/28, 3–7-course dinner £44-70; h7-9.30pm Tue-Sat) This Michelin-starred restaurant is a treat from start to finish, from its splendid 400-year-old timbered exterior to what you eventually find on your plate. Marcus Ashenford's cooking is rooted in traditional ingredients, but the odd playful experiment (such as Guinness ice cream) adds that extra magic. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01242-602925; www.winchcombe.co.uk; High St; h10am-4pm daily Apr-Oct, Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Castleways (www.castleways.co.uk) bus 606 travels to/from Broadway (30 minutes) and Cheltenham (20 minutes); no Sunday services. ### Painswick Pop 1770 One of the most beautiful and unspoilt towns in the Cotswolds, hilltop Painswick sees only a trickle of visitors, so you can wander the narrow winding streets and admire the picture-perfect cottages, handsome stone town houses and medieval inns in your own good time. Look out for Bisley St, the original main drag, which was superseded by the now ancient-looking New St in medieval times. 1Sights & Activities St Mary's ChurchCHURCH (www.stmaryspainswick.org.uk; New St; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) The village centres on this fine 14th-century, Perpendicular Gothic wool church, surrounded by tabletop tombs and clipped yew trees that resemble giant lollipops. Legend had it that only 99 trees could ever grow here, as the devil would appear and shrivel the 100th tree were it ever planted. They planted it anyway, to celebrate the millennium and – lo and behold! – one of the trees toppled several years later. We're assured it's now making a good recovery. Just behind the churchyard, a rare set of iron stocks stand in the street. Painswick Rococo GardenGARDENS (www.rococogarden.org.uk; adult/child £6.50/3; h11am-5pm mid-Jan–Oct) A mile north of town, this is the only garden of its type in England, designed by Benjamin Hyett in the 1740s and now restored to its former glory. Winding paths soften the otherwise strict geometrical precision, bringing visitors around the central vegetable garden to the many Gothic follies dotted in the grounds. There's also a children's nature trail and maze. ### CHEESE-ROLLING AT COOPER'S HILL Cheese-RollingCULTURAL (www.cheese-rolling.co.uk; hlast bank holiday in May) Cooper's Hill in Cranham, near Painswick, is the location of the Cotswolds' most dangerous sport: the annual Cheese-Rolling. This 200-year-old tradition sees locals running, tumbling and sliding down a steep hill in pursuit of a 7lb round of Double Gloucester cheese; it's only a 90m run, but people get hurt every year. The prize? The cheese itself, and the glory of catching it. 4Sleeping & Eating Troy HouseB&B ( %01452-812339; www.troy-house.co.uk; Gloucester St; s/d £50/75; W) At this great little B&B the two spacious guest rooms occupy their own separate rear cottage accessed from a pretty courtyard. They're nicely decked out with quality toiletries, magazines and _Tintin_ books. Cardynham HouseHOTEL ( %01452-814006; www.cardynham.co.uk; Tibbiwell St; s/d from £70/90, lunch £12-14, dinner £14-17; hbistro noon-3pm Tue-Sun, 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Sat; W s) Each of the differently themed rooms at 15th-century Cardynham House has four-poster beds and heavy patterned fabrics. For a private pool and garden, book the Pool Room. Downstairs, the bistro (mains from £10 to £20) serves hearty British fare. Cotswolds88HOTEL ( %01452-813688; www.cotswolds88.com; Kemps Lane; r/ste from £110/250, 2-/3-course lunch £15/20, dinner £43/50; hrestaurant noon-2.30pm & 7-9.30pm Wed-Sun; p W) This is a happy marriage of 18th-century architecture and over-the-top decor – from the wallpaper to the psychedelic lighting. Spacious, individually decorated rooms come with every creature comfort, and the suites have four-poster beds and spa baths. The restaurant is also excellent, featuring sophisticated yet playful fare. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) bus 46 heads to/from Cheltenham (£3.40, 42 minutes) and Stroud (£2, 10 minutes). ### Stroud Pop 32,700 Stroud once hummed with the sound of more than 150 cloth mills operating around the town, but when the bottom fell out of the market, the town went into decline. Although a handful of the handsome old mills are still operating, the hilly town has become a bohemian enclave known for its fair-trade shops, delis and independent stores. This is still one of the most important market towns in the Cotswolds, with dozens of stallholders converging every Saturday for the **farmers market**. Another great place for organic food, books, craft and more is the **Shambles Market** (www.shamblesmarketstroud.co.uk), which takes place in the historic Shambles on Fridays and Saturdays. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### COTSWOLDS FOOD & FARMERS MARKETS When the locally sourced, seasonal food movement took off, the Cotswolds were already there. Organic, ethically produced produce has long been a staple in its villages. In the delis and independent food shops all over the region, visiting foodies will make tempting discoveries. Edible goodies to look out for include cheese from **Simon Weaver Organic** (www.simonweaver.net), from a farm near Upper Slaughter; organic beef from **LoveMyCow** (www.lovemycow.com) in Bourton-on-the-Water; smoked fish and meats from **Upton Smokery** (www.uptonsmokery.co.uk) in Burford; and fantastic ice cream from Chedworth's **Cotswold Ice Cream Company** (www.cotswold-icecream.co.uk). Farmers markets take place monthly or fortnightly in many of the villages and towns, with a multitude of local producers selling their seasonal delights to the general public. The best is held every Saturday morning in Stroud. 1Sights Museum in the ParkMUSEUM (www.museuminthepark.org.uk; Stratford Pk; h11am-4pm Tue-Sun; c) F Set in an 18th-century mansion surrounded by parkland, this museum tells the history of the town and its cloth-making, and there are interactive displays of everything from dinosaurs to Victorian toys. A separate gallery hosts eclectic contemporary art exhibitions. 5Eating Star AniseCAFE (www.staraniseartscafe.com; Gloucester St; mains £6-8; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat; v) Local produce features heavily in the inventive dishes at this mostly vegetarian cafe (there are some fish dishes). It often hosts live music and other community events. No 23TAPAS ( %01453-298525; www.facebook.com/no23barandbistrostroud; 23 Nelson St; tapas £5-10; h10am-10pm; W v) Tuck into proper Spanish tapas, wine, sherry and brandy at this chilled-out little place. Head upstairs to the balcony for great views of the countryside. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01453-760960; www.visitthecotswolds.org.uk; George St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Cirencester (route 54; £3.50, 36 minutes), Uley (21/35; £4, 30 minutes), Painswick (46; £2, nine minutes), Cheltenham (46; £3.60, 46 minutes) and Gloucester (14/93; £3.70, 1¼ hours). National Express coaches head to/from London Victoria (£25, 2¾ hours), Bristol (£8, 45 minutes), Birmingham (£15, 2½ hours), Hereford (£8, 1½ hours) and Scarborough (£56, 10 hours). Trains head to/from London Paddington (£22, 1½ hours), Gloucester (£4.50, 20 minutes) and Cheltenham (£5.90, 40 minutes). ### Tetbury Pop 5480 Once a prosperous wool-trading centre, Tetbury's busy streets are lined with medieval cottages, sturdy old town houses and Georgian gems. The Georgian Gothic Church of **Sts Mary the Virgin & Mary Magadelene** has a towering spire and wonderful interior, including its original box pews. From here, it's a short stroll to Market Sq, where the 17th-century Market House stands as if on stilts. Tetbury is also a great place for antiques fans, with a shop of old curios on almost every corner. A good time to visit is the last Monday in May for the **Woolsack Races** (www.tetburywoolsack.co.uk) – a nod to the town's past – or in August for the **Festival of British Eventing** (www.gatcombe-horse.co.uk) at Princess Anne's Gatcombe Park estate. Her big brother, Charles, also lives near here, at Highgrove. Buses head to/from Stroud (route 29/129; £3.50, 36 minutes) and Cirencester (881; £3.50, 37 minutes); no Sunday services. ### Uley Pop 1000 This lovely little hamlet, with its quaint village green and jumble of pretty houses, sits below the overgrown remains of **Uley Bury** , the largest Iron Age hill fort in England. Dating from about 300 BC, the fort and its perimeter walk provide spectacular views over the Severn Vale; follow the steep path that runs from the village church. If you're driving, access to the car park is off the B4066, north of the village. Virtually untouched since the mid-1870s, Woodchester Mansion (www.woodchestermansion.org.uk; adult/child £6.50/free; h11am-5pm Sat & Sun Apr-Oct) was abandoned before it was finished, yet it's still amazingly grand and graceful. Doors open to nowhere, fireplaces are stuck halfway up walls, and corridors end at ledges with views of the ground below. The house also features an impressive set of gruesome gargoyles and is home to one of England's most important colonies of horseshoe bats and several resident ghosts. It's a mile north of Uley on the B4066. Buses 21 and 35 head to/from Stroud (£4, 30 minutes) on weekdays. ## Western Gloucestershire West of the Cotswolds, Gloucestershire's greatest asset is the elegant Regency town of Cheltenham. It's home to tree-lined terraces, upmarket boutiques and a tempting collection of dining options. The county capital, Gloucester, is well worth a visit for its magnificent Gothic cathedral, while to the west, the picturesque Forest of Dean is a leafy backwater perfect for cycling and walking. ### Berkeley Pop 2040 Tucked away in the thin strip of land between the Cotswolds and the River Severn, Berkeley is a bucolic little place that's none-the-less featured prominently in history. 1Sights Berkeley CastleCASTLE (www.berkeley-castle.com; adult/child £10/5.50; h11am-5pm Sun-Wed Apr-Oct) Little changed since it was built as a sturdy fortress in Norman times, this fine fortress has been the home of the Berkeleys for nearly 900 years. Edward II was imprisoned and then murdered here in 1327 (allegedly with a hot poker up his rectum) on the order of his wife and her lover. Visits include the King's Gallery (with its cell and dungeon), the medieval Great Hall and the kitchen. Dr Jenner's HouseMUSEUM (www.jennermuseum.com; Church Lane; adult/child £6.95/5.95; hnoon-5pm Sun-Wed Apr-Sep) This beautiful Queen Anne house honours the life and work of Edward Jenner (1749–1823), the country doctor who discovered the principle of vaccination, fundamentally changing the lives of us all. It was here that the doctor performed the first smallpox vaccination in 1796. 8Getting There & Away Berkeley is best visited with your own wheels, as public transport is extremely limited. It's 16 miles south of Gloucester; take the A38 and follow the signs. #### WORTH A TRIP ### GLOUCESTER Gloucester ( _glos_ -ter) is the county town of Gloucestershire and a major transport hub, with plenty of train, bus and coach connections. It was originally a settlement for retired Roman soldiers but it came into its own in medieval times, when the pious public flocked to see the grave of Edward II and financed the building of what remains one of England's most beautiful cathedrals. oGloucester Cathedral CATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gloucestercathedral.org.uk; 12 College Green; tower tours adult/child £4/1; h7.40am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, to 3pm Sun) Gloucester Cathedral is among the first and finest examples of the Perpendicular Gothic style. Originally the site of a Saxon abbey, a Norman church was built here by a group of Benedictine monks in the 12th century. When Edward II was murdered in 1327, the church was chosen as his burial place. Inside, the best of Norman Romanesque and Gothic design are skillfully combined with sturdy columns, creating a sense of gracious solidity. From the elaborate 14th-century wooden choir stalls, you'll get a good view of the imposing Great East Window, one of the largest in England. Beneath the window in the northern ambulatory is Edward II's magnificent tomb, and nearby is the late 15th-century Lady Chapel, a glorious patchwork of carved stone and stained glass. One of the cathedral's treasures is the exquisite Great Cloister (used in the first two _Harry Potter_ films). Completed in 1367, it is the first example of fan vaulting in England and only matched in beauty by Henry VII's chapel at Westminster Abbey. Gloucester QuaysSHOPPING CENTRE (www.gloucesterquays.co.uk; St Ann Way; h10am-8pm Mon-Sat, to 5pm Sun) This set of old brick warehouses is filled with bargain outlet stores for many of the big fashion brands. It's also home to the excellent three-story Gloucester Antiques Centre. ### Cheltenham Pop 117,000 Cheltenham retains an air of gracious refinement left over from its heyday as a spa resort in the 18th century. At the time, it rivalled Bath as the place for sick rich people to go, and today it still has many Regency buildings and manicured squares. These days, however, it's best known for its racecourse (www.cheltenham.co.uk), which in mid-March attracts up to 40,000 people for one of England's premier steeplechase events. Cheltenham's excellent accommodation and restaurants make it a more appealing base to the region than the county town of Gloucester, but this mid-tier city is unlikely to be the highlight of your trip. Cheltenham 1Sights 1Holst Birthplace MuseumD1 2WilsonB2 4Sleeping 3BradleyA4 4Wyastone TownhouseA4 5Eating 5Le Champignon SauvageB5 6PrithviC3 7Red PepperC3 8The TavernB3 6Drinking & Nightlife 9Sandford Park Ale HouseC3 1Sights WilsonMUSEUM, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thewilson.org.uk; Clarence St; h9.30am-5.15pm) F Cheltenham's excellent museum depicts local life through the ages and has wonderful displays on William Morris and the Arts and Crafts Movement, as well as British ceramics and fine art. A section on Scott's ill-fated expedition to Antarctica highlights the role of local lad Edward Wilson. Holst Birthplace MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.holstmuseum.org.uk; 4 Clarence Rd; adult/child £5/4.50; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 1.30-5pm Sun Jun-Sep, 10am-4pm Tue-Sat Feb-May & Oct–mid-Dec) Gustav Holst was born in Cheltenham in 1874, and the rooms of his childhood home are laid out in typical period fashion. They feature many of his personal possessions, including the piano on which most of his orchestral suite _The Planets_ was composed, as well as photos of the notoriously camera-shy composer. Pittville Pump RoomNOTABLE BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pittvillepumproom.org.uk; Pittville Park; h10am-4pm Wed-Sun) F Built in 1830 as a centrepiece to a large housing subdivision, the Pittville Pump Room is Cheltenham's finest Regency building, based on an ancient Athenian temple. Wander into the main auditorium and sample the pungent spa waters from the fountain, or just explore the surrounding park with its lake, lawns, playground and aviary. 4Sleeping Accommodation books up well in advance for Cheltenham's horse-racing festival in March, not just in Cheltenham but throughout the surrouding villages as well. oBradleyB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-519077; www.thebradleyhotel.co.uk; 19 Royal Parade, Bayshill Rd; s/d from £80/88; p W) It was the present owner's eccentric great-aunt Madge who brought this lovely Regency house into the family more than 100 years ago. It's lost none of its character in its transition into a fabulous B&B. Each of the six rooms has its own individual style. BattledownB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-233881; www.thebattledown.co.uk; 125 Hales Rd; s/d £60/80; p W) If you don't mind a 20-minute walk to the city centre, this family-run French colonial-style villa is an especially warm and friendly option. Hales Rd branches off London Rd, just southeast of central Cheltenham. Wyastone TownhouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-245549; www.wyastonehotel.co.uk; Parabola Rd; s/d from £80/112; p W) A young couple has taken over this big white Victorian house in the centre of Cheltenham and freshened up the decor. Rooms in the main house are grander than those in the annex facing the pretty rear courtyard, but all are very comfortable. Ellenborough ParkHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-545454; www.ellenboroughpark.com; Southam Rd; r from £207; p W s) Oozing tradition, this majestic 500-year-old country house has 62 individually designed rooms, mixing original fittings with modern features such as comfy beds and iPod docks. It's 3 miles northeast of the city centre; take Prestbury Rd and follow the signs. Cowley ManorHOTEL ( %01242-870900; www.cowleymanor.com; Cowley; r from £195; p W s) In the village of Cowley, 5 miles south of Cheltenham (off the A435), this superb Italianate sandstone mansion sets both the comfort and the kookiness levels to extreme. Handmade furniture and fabrics by young British designers adorn the bright but elegant rooms; downstairs, oddball art juts out from the walls. 5Eating The TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-221212; www.thetaverncheltenham.com; 5 Royal Well Pl; mains £10-20; h9am-10pm; a) Delivering 'dude food' at its best, this hiply dishevelled bar (exposed bricks, bare wooden tables) serves fancy burgers, hot dogs, steaks, macaroni cheese, devilled Scotch eggs, calves livers and, for that extra dude pep, Thai-style oysters. There's free popcorn and sparkling water, and the sliders alone justify repeat visits. PrithviINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-226229; www.prithvirestaurant.com; 37 Bath Rd; mains £11-16; hnoon-1.30pm Wed-Sun, 6-9.45pm Tue-Sun) Prithvi's top-notch service and white-linen ambience matches its immaculate dishes. Each mouth-watering offering is presented with great attention to detail. Various set menus are available, including a good-value lunch option (two/three courses £15/19). Red PepperCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-253900; www.redpeppercheltenham.co.uk; 13 Regent St; brunch £5-9, dinner £11-17; h9.30am-4pm Sun & Mon, to 9.30pm Tue-Sat) Despite the main dining area being in the basement, this central cafe still manages to be surprisingly bright and peppy. In the evening the lighter meals give way to bistro fare, with 'steak night' on Wednesdays and 'sausages and wine night' on Thursdays. oLe Champignon SauvageFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-573449; www.lechampignonsauvage.co.uk; 24-28 Suffolk Rd; 3-course menu £32-59; h12.30-3pm & 7.30-10pm Tue-Sat) For nearly 30 years this Cheltenham institution has been delighting visitors and locals alike with chef David Everitt-Matthias' finely executed dishes and imaginative flavour combinations. We're not alone in thinking it Gloucestershire's best restaurant. Sandford Park Ale HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spalehouse.co.uk; 20 High St; hnoon-midnight) With 10 hand-pulled ales and ciders, more than 80 bottled beers and 16 taps of Belgian and German brews, this is Cheltenham's premier beer den. The large back garden is more appealing than the starkly lit interior. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01242-237431; www.visitcheltenham.com; The Wilson, Clarence St; h9.30am-5.15pm) 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus destinations: A **Oxford** (route 853) £7.50, 1½ hours A **Cirencester** (51) £3.60, 40 minutes A **Gloucester** (4/10/94/97-99/377) £3.20, 45 minutes A **Stroud** (23/46) £3.60, 1¾ hours A **Winchcombe** (606) 20 minutes National Express coach destinations: A **Birmingham** £12, 1½ hours A **Leeds** £42, 5½ hours A **London Victoria** £17, three hours A **Newcastle-upon-Tyne** £55, 8¾ hours A **Nottingham** £24, four hours Train Trains run to/from the following: A **Bristol** £8.70, 40 minutes A **Cardiff** £18, 1½ hours A **Edinburgh** £84, six hours A **Exeter** £22, 1¾ hours A **London Paddington** £29, 2¼ hours ### Forest of Dean The Forest of Dean is the oldest oak forest in England and a wonderfully scenic place to walk, cycle or paddle. The 42-sq-mile woodland, designated England's first National Forest Park in 1938, was formerly a royal hunting ground and a centre of iron and coal mining. Its mysterious depths supposedly inspired the forests of JRR Tolkien's Middle Earth books, and key scenes in _Harry Potter_ _& the Deathly Hallows_ were set here. The Forest of Dean also gives its name to one of Gloucestershire's districts, which includes the small towns of Newent and Coleford, north and south (respectively) of the forest itself. A good place to begin your explorations of the forest proper is the Dean Forest Centre, near the village of Soudley, within its eastern fringe. To the west, the forest spills over the Herefordshire border near the village of Goodrich. The River Wye skirts its edge, offering glorious views to canoeists who paddle out from the pretty village of Symonds Yat. 1Sights Three Choirs VineyardWINERY ( %01531-890223; www.threechoirs.com; B4215, Newent; mains £16-19; hshop 9am-5pm, restaurant noon-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Sun) While the phrase 'quality English wine' might sound like an oxymoron, a handful of English producers are making just that. Three Choirs is England's third biggest winery, producing 250,000 bottles annually from varietals such as pinot noir, bacchus and siegerrebe. Call in for a tasting (five wines, beers or ciders for £6) or take a guided tour of the winery (£12.50, 2.30pm daily). The attached restaurant serves classic brasserie dishes, using locally sourced produce wherever possible. oInternational Centre for Birds of PreyAVIARY ( %01531-820286; www.icbp.org; adult/child £11/7; h10.30am-4.30pm Feb-Nov) Watch raptors swoop and dive at this large complex in the countryside 2 miles from Newent (follow the signs). There are at least three flyings per day, along with aviaries housing an extensive collection of owls, falcons, kestrels, eagles, buzzards and hawks from all over the world. Dean Heritage CentreMUSEUM (www.deanheritagecentre.com; Camp Mill, Soudley; adult/child £7.20/5.40; h10am-4pm; c) This entertaining museum looks at everything from the Forest of Dean's geology to the Roman occupation, medieval hunting laws, cottage crafts and coal mining. There are plenty of sights for kids, too, from a mini-zoo with pigs, rabbits and weasels to the current pride and joy – the Gruffalo Trail, featuring life-sized wooden carvings from Julia Donaldson's classic picture book. PuzzlewoodFOREST, FARM (www.puzzlewood.net; Perrygrove Rd, Coleford; adult/child £6.50/5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-3.30pm Sat & Sun Mar, Nov & Dec; c) A pre-Roman open-cast ore mine, overgrown with eerie moss-covered trees, Puzzlewood has a web of paths, weird rock formations, tangled vines and dark passageways seemingly designed to leave you disorientated and uneasy. If it seems familiar, that's because episodes of _Dr Who_ and _Merlin_ were shot here. Kids will love interacting with the farm animals, and there's also an indoor and outdoor maze. Puzzle Wood is 1 mile south of Coleford on the B4228. Clearwell CavesCAVE (www.clearwellcaves.com; adult/child £6.50/4.50, Christmas display £8.50; h10am-5pm mid-Feb–Dec; c) Descend into the damp subterranean world of a 4500-year-old iron mine, comprising a warren of dimly lit passageways, caverns and pools, and home to several species of bats. From November the caves are transformed into a hugely popular Christmas grotto. Clearwell is signposted off the B4228, a mile south of Coleford. Symonds YatVILLAGE Right on the edge of the Forest of Dean, squeezed between the River Wye and the towering limestone outcrop known as Symonds Yat Rock (504m), Symonds Yat is an endearing tangle of pubs, guesthouses and campsites, with great walks and a canoeing centre. It's split into two halves by the river, connected by an ancient hand-hauled ferry (adult/child/bicycle £1.20/60p/60p). Strong currents make the river dangerous for swimming. The scenic Peregrine Path follows the River Wye River from Symonds Yat East to Monmouth. Another popular walk from the eastern side picks its way up the side of Symonds Yat Rock, with fabulous views of river and valley. In July and August, you may be lucky enough to spot peregrine falcons soaring by the drop-off. A kiosk atop the rock sells drinks and snacks, and peaceful walking trails continue through the forest. Experienced rock climbers follow a series of mainly trad routes directly up the face of the cliff, but routes in the easier grades tend to be very polished, and rock falls are common – bring a varied rack and wear your helmet. Goodrich CastleCASTLE (EH; %01600-890538; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Castle Lane, Goodrich; adult/child £6/3.60; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Seemingly part of its craggy red bedrock, Goodrich is a partly ruined castle topped by a 12th-century keep that affords spectacular views. An audioguide tells the story of the castle from its origins to its demise in the Civil War. 2Activities Wyedean Canoe & Adventure CentreADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01600-890238; www.wyedean.co.uk; Symonds Yat East; half-day hire from £24) Hires out canoes and kayaks, and organises white-water trips, archery, high ropes, abseiling, caving and climbing. Way2Go AdventuresADVENTURES SPORTS ( %01594-800908; www.way2goadventures.co.uk; per person £55) Offers canoeing, kayaking, raft-building and Nordic walking expeditions. Kingfisher CruisesCRUISE ( %01432 267862; Symonds Yat East; adult/child £8/3.50) Fair-weather water-babies can enjoy the Wye without the hard work on a sedate 40-minute gorge cruise leaving Symonds Yat East from beside the ferry crossing. PedalabikeawayCYCLING ( %01594-860065; www.pedalabikeaway.co.uk; Cannop Valley; hire per day from £18; h9am-6pm Apr-Oct) Hires both leisure bikes and full suspension mountain bikes, and offers advice on cycling routes. Located in Cannop Valley, near Coleford. 4Sleeping & Eating Wye Valley YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9666; www.yha.org.uk; dm/r from £16/46; hApr-Oct; p) This austere former Victorian rectory surveys the countryside from its lovely riverside grounds. It's on the Wye Valley Walk, 1.5 miles from Goodrich. Drivers should be prepared for a steep and difficult access road; follow the signed road near Goodrich Castle and take the right fork where the road splits. Garth CottageB&B ( %01600-890364; www.garthcottage-symondsyat.com; Symonds Yat East; s/d £43/85; hmid-Mar–Oct; p W) This exceedingly friendly, family-run B&B sits by the riverside near the ferry crossing, and has spotlessly maintained, chitnzy rooms with river views. There are discounted rates for longer stays. Old Court HotelHOTEL ( %01600-890367; www.oldcourthotel.co.uk; s/d/ste from £63/85/155; p W #) Set in gardens on the outskirts of Symonds Yat West, on the main road into the village from the A40, this striking 16th-century manor house still has its original dining room. The spic-and-span rooms in the newer block are fine but the 'feature rooms' and barn suites (timbered charmers with four-posters) have all the atmosphere. Ye Olde Ferrie InnPUB ( %01600-890232; www.yeoldferrieinn.com; Ferrie Lane; mains £9-11; hnoon-11pm; p W) Since 1473 this diamond-in-the-rough has been filling bellies on the western shores of Symonds Yat. Options include ploughman's boards, juicy burgers and all the usual pub-grub suspects (steaks, sausages etc). The upstairs rooms all have bathrooms and river views. 8Getting There & Away Buses head from Gloucester to Coleford (route 23/30/31; £3.40, 1¼ hours) and to Newent (32/132; £2.40, 30 minutes); and from Monmouth to Coleford (35; £2.40, 22 minutes) and Goodrich (34; £2.20, 19 minutes). National Express coaches head to Newent from London Victoria (£25, 3¾ hours), Cirencester (£6, 1¼ hours), Gloucester (£3, 25 minutes) and Hereford (£5, 45 minutes). ## Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Now on the edge of London's commuter belt, these counties once served as rural bolt-holes for the city's rich and titled, especially when the stench and grime of the industrial age was at its peak. The sweeping valleys and forested hills are still scattered with majestic stately homes and grand gardens, many of which are open to the public. ### Stowe Located 3 miles northwest of the market town of Buckingham, Stowe has had a manor since before the Norman conquest. While the current incarnation of the house is suitably grand, the real attraction here is the extraordinary Georgian garden. The most spectacular approach is by way of the 1.5-mile-long tree-lined Stowe Ave. Stowe GardensGARDENS (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9/5; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Covering 400 hectares, these glorious gardens were shaped in the 18th century by Britain's greatest landscape gardeners, including Lancelot 'Capability' Brown. They are best known for their 32 temples and other follies, commissioned by the superwealthy Richard Temple (1st Viscount Cobham), whose family motto was _Templa Quam Delecta_ (How Delightful are Your Temples). Stowe HouseHOUSE ( %01280-818166; www.stowe.co.uk/house; adult/child £5.70/free, incl Stowe Gardens £14) Neoclassical Stowe House now houses a private school so exclusive that its driveway is half a mile long. Mere mortals are permitted to visit the eight state rooms by way of guided tours; call or check the website for times. Although the rooms are left bare (the house's contents were sold off to rescue the original owners from financial disaster), the sheer scale and ornamentation of the building is highly impressive. ### Bletchley Bletchley ParkMUSEUM (www.bletchleypark.org.uk; adult/child £15/9; h9.30am-4pm) Once England's best-kept secret, Bletchley Park was the scene of a huge code-breaking operation during WWII, dramatised in the 2001 film _Enigma_. Almost 8500 people worked here in total secrecy – intercepting, decrypting, translating and interpreting enemy correspondence. Bletchley is just south of Milton Keynes off the B4034. Regular trains head here from London Euston (£19, 40 minutes). Entry includes an optional hour-long guided tour of the grounds and a multimedia guide. It gives you a real insight into the complex code-breaking process and the hard work, frustration and successes that shaped this secret war effort. Inside Station X you can also see the Enigma machine itself – crucial to the breaking of the code. ### Woburn Pop 935 Blissfully set within the Bedfordshire countryside, this peaceful village has existed since the 10th century. Despite having a couple of big attractions and a Michelin-starred restaurant, it's still charmingly sleepy. 1Sights Woburn AbbeyHOUSE (www.woburn.co.uk; Park St, Woburn; adult/child £15/7.25; hhouse 11am-5pm Easter-Oct) Originally a Cistercian abbey but dissolved by Henry VIII and awarded to the Earl of Bedford (the current Duke of Bedford still calls it home), Woburn Abbey is a wonderful country pile set within a 1200-hectare deer park. The opulent house displays paintings by Gainsborough, van Dyck and Canaletto. Highlights include Queen Victoria's bedroom, the beautiful wall hangings and cabinets of the Chinese Room, plus the mysterious story of the Flying Duchess. Woburn Safari ParkZOO (www.woburnsafari.co.uk; adult/child £21/16; h10am-5pm) This is the country's largest drive-through animal reserve. Rhinos, tigers, lions, zebras, bison, monkeys, elephants and giraffes roam the grounds, while in the 'foot safari' area, you can see sea lions, penguins and lemurs. 5Eating oParis HouseMODERN BRITISH ( %01525-290692; www.parishouse.co.uk; London Rd; lunch £39, dinner £71-98; hnoon-2pm & 7-10pm Wed-Sat, noon-8pm Sun) On the Woburn Estate, Paris House is a pretty black-and-white structure that a previous duke of Bedford took a shine to on a visit to the French capital and had shipped back here. During WWII the Queen often stayed here. Now it's Bedfordshire's best restaurant, serving exquisite set tasting menus of beautifully presented contemporary cuisine. 8Information The Woburn Passport ticket (adult/child £27/20) can be used on two separate days within any 12-month period and gives access to both Woburn Abbey and Safari Park. Woburn is 5 miles southeast of Milton Keynes and 6 miles from Bletchley Park. ### Waddesdon Pop 1800 A remarkable French Rensaissance chateau-style fairy-tale palace, Waddesdon Manor (NT; www.waddesdon.org.uk; adult/child £18/9, garden only £8/4; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Dec) was completed in 1889 for the Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild so that he could showcase his collection of French decorative arts and throw glamorous parties. Taking in the ostentatious magnificence of the house, it's not difficult to imagine the great and good of Victorian society living it up in the palatial rooms. Very little space is left unadorned – only the Bachelor's Wing stands out as being noticeably more restrained. On display is the outstanding collection of Dutch Old Masters and English portraits, Sèvres porcelain, ornate furniture and the extensive wine cellar. The beautiful gardens boast formal parterres, contemporary sculptures and a rococo-revival aviary filled with exotic birds. On the edge of the grounds, in Waddeson village, Five Arrows Hotel ( %01296-651727; www.thefivearrows.co.uk; s/d from £75/105; p W) is an elaborate half-timbered inn that was originally built to house the artisans working on the manor. Inside, the 16 rooms are nicely renovated, and the downstairs restaurant serves a great cooked breakfast. Guests are entitled to free access to the manor gardens. Waddesdon is on the A41, 5 miles northwest of Aylesbury. #### DON'T MISS ### WARNER BROS STUDIO TOUR: THE MAKING OF HARRY POTTER oWarner Bros Studio Tour: the Making of Harry PotterFILM LOCATION ( %0845 084 0900; www.wbstudiotour.co.uk; Studio Tour Drive, Leavesden; adult/child £31/24; h9am-9.30pm) Whether you're a fairweather fan or a full-on Pothead, this studio tour is well worth the admittedly hefty admission price. You'll need to prebook your visit for an allocated timeslot and then allow two- to three-hours to do the complex justice. It starts with a short film before you're ushered through giant doors into the actual set of Hogwarts' Great Hall – the first of many 'wow' moments. From here, you're left to explore the rest of the complex on your own, including a large hangar featuring all of the most familiar interior sets (Dumbledore's office, the Gryffindor common room, Hagrid's hut) and an outdoor section with the exterior of Privet Drive, the purple triple-decker Knight Bus and a shop selling butterbeer (super sweet, but worth trying). Along the way, video screens burst into life to discuss elements of the production. The attention to detail is fascinating: there's even a section devoted to the graphic design of elements such as the cereal boxes in the Weasley kitchen! Other highlights include the animatronic workshop (say 'hi' to the Hippogriff) and a stroll along Diagon Alley. But the most magical treat is kept to last – a giant, gasp-inducing scale-model of Hogwarts, which was used for the exterior shots. Then comes the biggest challenge for true fans and parents, a quite extraordinary gift shop stocked with all your wizardry accessories, including uniforms for each of the Hogwarts houses and replicas of the individually designed wands used by pretty much any character you can think of. If you're driving, there's a large free car park and extensive directions on the website. Otherwise, train to Watford Junction from London Euston (£9.50, 20 minutes), Bletchley (£15, 34 minutes), Northampton (£22, 40 minutes), Coventry (£20, 45 minutes) or Birmingham (£20, 1½ hours) and then catch the shuttle bus (return £2). ### St Albans Pop 57,800 Under the name Verulamium, this was the third biggest city in Roman Britain. Its current name derives from Alban, a Christian Roman soldier who was martyred here in about AD 250, becoming the first English martyr. These days it's a bustling and prosperous market town with a host of crooked Tudor buildings and elegant Georgian town houses. Things look a little more crooked and less elegant in late September during the very popular beer and cider festival (<http://stalbansbeerfestival.org.uk>). 1Sights oSt Alban's CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stalbanscathedral.org; off High St & Holywell Hill; h8.30am-5.45pm, free tours 11.30am & 2.30pm Mon-Sat, 2.30pm Sun) Built by King Offa of Mercia in 793 around the tomb of St Alban, this massive cathedral is a magnificent melange of Norman Romanesque and Gothic architecture. The longest medieval nave in the country gives way to ornate ceilings, semi-lost wall paintings, an elaborate nave screen and, of course, the shrine of St Alban, hiding behind a stone reredos. Verulamium MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stalbansmuseums.org.uk; St Michael's St; adult/child £5/2.50; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 2-5.30pm Sun) This fantastic exposé of everyday life under the Romans includes household objects, legionnaires' armour, statuary, jewellery, glassware and grave goods. The highlight, however, is the Mosaic Room, where five superb mosaic floors, uncovered between 1930 and 1955, are laid out. Adjacent Verulamium Park has the remains of a basilica, bathhouse and parts of the city wall, and across the busy A4147 are the grassy foundations of a Roman theatre, which once seated 2000 spectators. 5Eating Lussmanns Fish & GrillMODERN BRITISH ( %01727-851941; www.lussmans.com; Waxhouse Gate, off High St; mains £12-20; hnoon-9.30pm) This bright, modern restaurant just off the main street serves a changing menu of creative British dishes with Mediterranean touches. Ingredients are ethically and mostly locally sourced. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01727-864511; www.enjoystalbans.com; Market Pl; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Regular trains run between London St Pancras and St Albans (£12, 30 minutes), with less frequent services from London Blackfriars. ## The Thames Valley This rather posh and prosperous part of the world acts as a country getaway for some of England's most influential figures. Within easy reach of London and yet entirely different in character, the pastoral landscape features handsome villages and historic houses, as well as some of the top attractions in the country. ### Windsor & Eton Pop 33,400 Dominated by the massive bulk of Windsor Castle, these twin towns have a rather surreal atmosphere, with the morning pomp and ceremony of the changing of the guards in Windsor, and the sight of school boys dressed in formal tailcoats wandering the streets of tiny Eton. Windsor town centre is full of expensive boutiques, grand cafes and trendy restaurants. Eton, by comparison, is far quieter, its one-street centre lined with antique shops and art galleries. Both are easily doable as a day trip from London. Windsor & Eton 1Top Sights 1Windsor CastleC2 2Windsor Great ParkD2 1Sights 3Albert Memorial ChapelC3 4St George's ChapelC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 5French BrothersB2 4Sleeping 6Macdonald Windsor HotelC3 5Eating 7Gilbey'sB1 8Green OliveC4 9MeimoB4 10Zero 3B1 6Drinking & Nightlife 11Two BrewersD4 ### ROYAL ASCOT Royal AscotHORSE RACING (www.ascot.co.uk; Silver Ring per day £25, Grandstand per day £65; hmid-June) Get out your Sunday best and join the glitterati for the biggest racing meet of the year. The royal family, A-list celebrities and the rich and famous gather here to show off their Jimmy Choos and place the odd bet. It's essential to book tickets for this five-day festival well in advance. You can soak up the atmosphere from the Silver Ring for a mere £25 or head for the Grandstand, where you can rub shoulders with the posh ladies in fancy hats for £65 a day. 1Sights oWindsor CastleCASTLE, PALACE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalcollection.org.uk; Castle Hill; adult/child £19/11; h9.45am-5.15pm) The largest and oldest occupied fortress in the world, Windsor Castle is a majestic vision of battlements and towers. It's used for state occasions and is one of the Queen's principal residences; if she's at home, you'll see the Royal Standard flying from the Round Tower. Join a free guided tour (every half-hour) or take a multilingual audio tour of the lavish state rooms and beautiful chapels. Note, some sections may be off-limits on any given day if they're in use. William the Conqueror first established a royal residence in Windsor in 1070; since then successive monarchs have rebuilt, remodelled and refurbished the castle complex to create the massive and sumptuous palace that stands here today. Henry II replaced the wooden stockade in 1165 with a stone round tower and built the outer walls to the north, east and south; Charles II gave the state apartments a baroque makeover; George IV swept in with his preference for Gothic style; and Queen Victoria refurbished a beautiful chapel in memory of her beloved Albert. **Queen Mary's Dolls' House** Your first stop is likely to be the incredible dolls' house designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens for Queen Mary in 1924. The attention to detail is spellbinding – there's running water, electricity and lighting, tiny Crown Jewels and vintage wine in the cellar! State Apartments ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) The **Grand Staircase** sets the tone for a set of absolutely spectacular rooms, dripping in gilt and screaming 'royal' from every painted surface and sparkling chandelier. Highlights include **St George's Hall** , used for state banquets of up to 160 people. For more intimate gatherings (just 60 people), the Queen entertains in the **Waterloo Chamber** , its paintings commemorating the victory over Napoleon. St George's Chapel ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) This elegant chapel, commissioned for the Order of the Garter by Edward IV in 1475, is one of Britain's finest examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture. The nave and fan-vaulted roof were completed under Henry VII, but the final nail was struck under Henry VIII in 1528. Along with Westminster Abbey, it serves as a royal mausoleum, housing the remains of numerous royals, including Henry VIII, Charles I and the present queen's father (King George VI), mother (Queen Elizabeth) and sister (Princess Margaret). St George's Chapel closes on Sunday, but time your visit well and you can attend a morning service or Evensong at 5.15pm daily. Albert Memorial Chapel ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Built in 1240 and dedicated to St Edward the Confessor, this small chapel was the place of worship for the Order of the Garter until St George's Chapel snatched that honour. After the death of Prince Albert at Windsor Castle in 1861, Queen Victoria ordered its elaborate redecoration as a tribute to her husband. A major feature of the restoration is the magnificent vaulted roof, whose gold mosaic pieces were crafted in Venice. There's a monument to the prince, although he's actually buried with Queen Victoria in the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum in the castle grounds. **Changing of the Guard** A fabulous spectacle, with triumphant tunes from a military band and plenty of foot stamping, the changing of the guard draws crowds to the castle gates each day to watch the smartly attired lads in red uniforms and bear-fur hats do their thing. The spectacle takes place at 11am Monday to Saturday from April to July, and on alternate days from August to March. Stay to the right of the crowd for better views. Eton CollegeNOTABLE BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.etoncollege.com) Eton is the largest and most famous public (meaning very private) school in England, and arguably the most enduring and illustrious symbol of England's class system. At the time of writing, it wasn't possible to visit the school due to building work, but check the visitors tab on their website to see whether tours have resumed. Eton was founded by Henry VI in 1440 with a view towards educating 70 highly qualified boys awarded a scholarship from a fund endowed by the king. Every year since then, 70 King's Scholars (aged 12 to 14) have been chosen based on the results of a highly competitive exam; these pupils are housed in separate quarters from the rest of the 1300 or so other students. All the boys are boarders and must wear formal tailcoats, waistcoats and white collars to lessons (though the top hats went out in 1948). Those who have studied here include 19 prime ministers, countless princes, kings and maharajahs, famous explorers, authors and economists – among them Princes William and Harry, George Orwell, Ian Fleming, Aldous Huxley, John Maynard Keynes and Bear Grylls. oWindsor Great ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Stretching behind Windsor Castle almost all the way to Ascot, Windsor Great Park covers about 8 sq miles and features a lake, walking tracks, a bridleway and gardens. The Long Walk is a 3-mile jaunt along a tree-lined path from King George IV Gate to the Copper Horse statue (of George III) on Snow Hill, the highest point of the park. Savill GardenGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theroyallandscape.co.uk; Wick Lane, Englefield Green; adult/child £9.50/4.25; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Feb) Created in the 1930s in the southern reaches of the Windsor Great Park, this pretty 14-hectare garden includes ornamental beds and woodlands. Head southeast on the A308 and follow the brown signs. It's 4.5 miles from Windsor Castle. RunnymedeHISTORIC SITE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Windsor Rd, Old Windsor; parking per hr £1.50; hcar park 8.30am-7pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar) F In June 1215, King John met his barons in a field 3 miles southeast of Windsor, and over the next few days they hammered out an agreement on a basic charter of rights guaranteeing the liberties of the king's subjects and restricting the monarch's absolute power. The document they signed was the Magna Carta, the world's first constitution. Today, the field remains pretty much as it was, except that it now features two lodges (1930) designed by Edward Lutyens. The Magna Carta formed the basis for statutes and charters throughout the world's democracies. Both the national and state constitutions of the USA, drawn up more than 500 years later, paraphrase it. To recognise its importance, the American Bar Association erected a memorial here in 1957 in the form of a Greek temple. Nearby, an acre of land was gifted to the US in 1963 as a memorial to President John F Kennedy. After stomping through the muddy field to the two memorials (wear sensible shoes), it's possible to continue up the hill on a two-hour loop track to the moving **Commonwealth Airforces Memorial** , where the names of 20,000 WWII airmen without graves from the UK, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, India and South Africa are inscribed. Runnymede is on the A308, 3 miles southeast of Windsor. ### READING FESTIVAL Reading FestivalMUSIC (www.readingfestival.com; tickets £100-213; hAug) Each August Bank Holiday weekend, up to 87,000 revellers descend on the industrial town of Reading for one of the country's biggest rock-music events. The Reading Festival is a three-day extravaganza featuring a top line-up of rock, indie, punk and alternative artists. Tickets will set you back about £100 per day or £213 for a three-day pass. TTours French BrothersBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-851900; www.frenchbrothers.co.uk; Windsor Promenade, Barry Ave; h11am-5pm Easter-Oct) Offers a variety of boat trips to Runnymede (adult/child £13/8.65) and around Windsor (adult/child from £6.70/4.50). Royal Windsor Town WalksWALKING TOUR ( %01753-743900; www.windsor.gov.uk; adult/child £7/6; h11.30am Sat & 2.30pm Sun Apr-Sep) Book at the tourist office or online. 4Sleeping Windsor is an easy day trip from London but overnighting allows you to see the town return to its normally sleepy state after the hordes of visitors have gone home. 76 Duke StreetB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-620636; www.76dukestreet.co.uk; 76 Duke St; s/d £85/100; W) Presided over by a welcoming hostess, this centrally located B&B offers two immaculate double rooms. The second bedroom is only available if booked along with the first, so it's ideal for a family or two couples. RutlandsB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-859533; www.therutlandsbedandbreakfast.co.uk; 102 St Leonards Rd; s/d from £55/85, s without bathroom £40; p W) Close to the town centre and with two extremely handy car spaces, this six-room B&B is a comfortable choice. The rooms are smartly renovated; some have chandeliers and moulded fireplaces. Macdonald Windsor HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 879 9101; www.macdonaldhotels.co.uk/Windsor; 23 High St; r from £149; p W) Looking small and quaint from the road but magically hiding 120 spacious rooms within, the Windsor is the slickest choice in town. Dark browns and creams add a rich earthy feel to the resolutely modern decor. 5Eating #### Windsor MeimoMOROCCAN, MEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-862222; www.meimo.co.uk; 69-70 Peascod St; mains £9-17; h11am-10pm) Bright colours, glass lanterns and draped fabrics bring North African sunshine into this bastion of Englishness. The tagines are excellent, delivered bubbling to the table. Pasta, steaks and fish dishes round out the menu. Green OliveGREEK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-866655; www.green-olive.co.uk; 10 High St; mains £13-20; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm; v) A great spot for a light lunch, Green Olive dishes up generous portions of traditional Greek mezes and some interesting dessert choices in bright, simple surroundings. #### Eton Zero 3SANDWICHES, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/zero3eton; 45 High St; mains £4-9; h8.30am-4pm) A posh take on a diner, with lots of shiny chrome and Hollywood headshots, Zero 3 delivers a lengthy menu of cooked breakfasts, grills, pasta, salads, burgers and jacket potatoes. Alternatively, grab a sandwich to eat by the river. Gilbey'sMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01753-854921; www.gilbeygroup.com; 82-83 High St; 2-/3-course menu £20/26; hnoon-3pm Tue-Sun, 6-10pm daily) Small but perfectly formed, this restaurant is one of the area's best. Terracotta tiling, and a sunny courtyard garden and conservatory give Gilbey's a Continental cafe feel, complemented by a superb modern British menu. 6Drinking Two BrewersPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.twobrewerswindsor.co.uk; 34 Park St; h11.30am-11pm) Posh folk with dogs congregate in this atmospheric 17th-century inn perched on the edge of Windsor Great Park. Think low beamed ceilings, dim lighting, hearty pub meals and a roaring fire in winter. Windsor & Eton BreweryBREWERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.webrew.co.uk; Duke St; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 3pm Sat) Call into this boutique brewery to sample and stock up on hoppy delights such as the award-winning Knight of the Garter pale ale, Guardsman Best Bitter or the royal-wedding special, the Windsor Knot. 8Information Royal Windsor Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.windsor.gov.uk; Old Booking Hall, Windsor Royal Shopping Arcade; h9.30am-5pm) Pick up a heritage walk brochure (50p). 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Bray (route 6/16; £4, 36 minutes) and Heathrow terminal 5 (60/61/71/77; £4.70, 52 minutes). Green Line (www.greenline.co.uk) coaches head to London (£5, 1½ hours). Trains from Windsor Riverside station go directly to London Waterloo (£9.80, one hour), although trains from Windsor Central, changing at Slough for London Paddington, are considerably quicker (between 26 and 44 minutes). ### Bray It's strange to think that this tiny village of flint, brick and half-timbered cottages strung along the Thames could be the gastronomic capital of Britain. Yet Bray is home to two of only four restaurants in the UK to be rated three-star (the highest possible honour) by foodie bible, the Michelin guide. On top of that, two of the local pubs also sport a star. ​Arguably the most famous restaurant in the country, The Fat Duck – whizz-bang chef Heston Blumenthal's signature eatery – is exceedingly difficult to get into at the best of times (even at £195 per head), but with the news that he's going to be shifting the entire operation to Melbourne, Australia, for six months in 2015, you might want to leave it on your bucket list a little longer. 5Eating oWaterside InnFRENCH ( %01628-620691; www.waterside-inn.co.uk; Ferry Rd; mains £50-59, 2-/3-course lunch £46/60; hnoon-2pm & 7-10pm Wed-Sun, closed end-Dec–end-Jan) From the moment the uniformed valet opens your car door, until the last tray of _petits fours_ is served, you know you're somewhere special. For more than 40 years chef Alain Roux has been working his magic here, constructing exceptional dishes for the small army of staff to serve, in a room looking straight out to the Thames. It also has rooms. oHind's HeadGASTROPUB ( %01628-626151; www.hindsheadbray.com; High St; mains £16-33; h11.30am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) Oozing atmosphere, this 15th-century pub offers a chance to experience some of Heston Blumenthal's creative cuisine in a relatively affordable and informal setting. The food's less zany than at his signature restaurant, The Fat Duck, but there are still plenty of whimisical touches – try the fish pie topped with 'surf' (crispy kale) and 'sand' (anchovy crumb). 8Getting There & Away Courtney (www.courtneybuses.com) has buses to/from Windsor (route 6/16; £4; 36 minutes). ### Henley-on-Thames Pop 11,500 The attractive commuter town of Henley is synonymous with the Henley Royal Regatta (www.hrr.co.uk; tickets £18-24 ; hJul), a world-famous rowing tournament that sees the town bursting into action in July. The five-day regatta has grown into a major fixture in the social calendar of the upwardly mobile, and although rowers of the highest calibre take part, the main event is rather overshadowed by the champagne-fuelled antics of the wealthy who come here to see and be seen. Still, picnicking in the public enclosure and watching the rowers' straining muscles as the boats whizz by makes for a good day out in sunny weather. Taking place each July in the week following the famous Henley Royal Regatta, the Henley Festival (www.henley-festival.co.uk; hJul) is a vibrant dressed-up affair that features everything from opera to rock, jazz, comedy and swing. The main events take place on a floating stage on the Thames. # Bath & Southwest England #### Southwest England Highlights #### Hampshire #### Winchester #### Portsmouth #### New Forest #### Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst & Around #### Buckler's Hard #### Lymington #### Isle of Wight #### Cowes & Around #### Ryde to Shanklin #### Ventnor & Around #### West Wight #### Dorset #### Bournemouth #### Poole #### Southeast Dorset #### Dorchester & Around #### Cerne Abbas & the Cerne Giant #### Weymouth #### Isle of Portland #### Chesil Beach #### Lyme Regis #### Sherborne #### Shaftesbury & Around #### Wiltshire #### Salisbury & Around #### Stonehenge #### Around Stonehenge #### Stourhead #### Longleat #### Malmesbury #### Lacock #### Avebury #### Exmoor National Park #### Dulverton #### Lynton & Lynmouth #### Porlock & Around #### Dunster #### Devon #### Exeter & Around #### Torquay & Around #### Brixham #### Dartmouth & Around #### Totnes & Around #### Plymouth & Around #### Dartmoor National Park #### Driving Tour #### Croyde & Braunton #### Ilfracombe & Around #### Clovelly & Around #### Bristol #### Bath #### City Walk #### Somerset #### Wells & Around #### Glastonbury #### Taunton & Around #### Cornwall #### Bude #### Boscastle #### Tintagel #### Port Isaac #### Padstow & Rock #### Newquay #### Perranporth to Porthtowan #### St Ives #### Zennor & St Just #### Sennen & Land's End #### Mousehole #### Penzance #### The Lizard #### Falmouth & Around #### Truro #### Fowey #### Polperro #### Looe #### Southeast Cornwall & the Rame Peninsula #### Bodmin Moor #### Isles of Scilly #### St Mary's #### Tresco #### Bryher #### St Martin's #### St Agnes # Bath & Southwest England ### Why Go? England's southwest is simply spectacular. Here the past is ever present – prepare for close encounters with iconic stone circles, Iron Age hill forts and Roman baths. Blockbuster stately homes border romantic castles; serene cathedrals frame sumptuous Georgian cityscapes. The landscape immerses you in the myths of Kings Arthur and Alfred the Great, and the writings of Thomas Hardy, Jane Austen and Daphne du Maurier. But the southwest also has an eye to the future. Here you can tour alternative eco-towns, pioneering restaurants and cool surfer hang-outs, and sleep in campsites peppered with chic yurts and retro campervans. Then there are three wildlife-rich national parks, fossil-studded shores, England's best surf spots and a coastline flecked with exquisite bays, towering rock formations and tranquil sweeps of sandy beach. It all gives you a bit of a dilemma – with the Westcountry you won't know what to do first. ### When to Go ACliffs, hillsides and formal gardens burst into fragrance and blooms in April and May, when seasonal attractions also reopen and boat trips start. AMusic festival fever takes hold in June at ultra-cool Glastonbury (Click here), on the funky Isle of Wight. AThe peak holiday season and the best weather (in theory) is in July and August. AThe end of school summer holidays in September brings cheaper sleep spots, quieter beaches and warmer seas. The Isle of Wight goes all groovy at bohemian Bestival. ABigger waves draw surfers to Cornwall and north Devon in October; meanwhile Exmoor's deer rut sees huge stags battle for supremacy and the winter storm watching season begins. ### Best Places to Eat ARestaurant Nathan Outlaw ARiverford Field Kitchen ACircus AThe Pig APorthminster Beach Café ### Best Places to Stay AVintage Vacations AScarlet ALulworth Cove ATide House AMillers at the Anchor ## Southwest England Highlights 1 Securing a space on a magical dawn walk inside the massive sarsen ring at Stonehenge 2 Soaking up beach life on the white sands of Porthcurno or at a quaint surf spot, such as Croyde 3 Strolling England's most glorious Georgian street, Bath's Royal Crescent 4 Striding the high hills of Exmoor, Dartmoor and Bodmin Moor 5 Staring at the vast, still-sodden timbers of Henry VIII's warship the Mary Rose, in Portsmouth 6 Marvelling at the space-age biomes of the Eden Project 7 Foraging for 200-million-year-old fossils in Dorset's constantly crumbling Jurassic Coast 8 Savouring the serene cathedrals at Salisbury, Exeter, Winchester and Wells 9 Stepping on the deck of Brunel's groundbreaking steamship, the SS Great Britain in Bristol a Discovering the locations behind the murder plots at Agatha Christie's enchanting home, Greenway 2Activities Cycling Cycling the southwest is a superb, if strenuous, way to experience England's great outdoors. The region's National Cycle Network (NCN) routes include the **West Country Way** (NCN Route 3), a 240-mile jaunt from Bristol to Padstow via Glastonbury, Taunton and Barnstaple, and the 103-mile **Devon** **Coast to Coast Cycle Route** (NCN Route 27) between Ilfracombe and Plymouth. The 160-mile, circular **Wiltshire Cycleway** skirts the county's borders. In Hampshire, the New Forest's hundreds of miles of cycle paths snake through a wildlife-rich environment, while the Isle of Wight boasts 62 miles of bike-friendly routes and its very own cycling festival. Off-road mountain-biking highlights include the North Wessex Downs, Exmoor National Park and Dartmoor National Park. Many cycle trails trace the routes of old railway lines, including Devon's 11-mile **Granite Way** between Okehampton and Lydford, and Cornwall's popular 18-mile **Camel Trail** linking Padstow with Bodmin Moor. For more information contact **Sustrans** (www.sustrans.org.uk) and local tourist offices. Walking Often called the 630-mile adventure, the **South West Coast Path** (www.southwestcoastpath.com) is Britain's longest national walking trail, stretching from Minehead on Exmoor, via Land's End to Poole in Dorset. You can pick it up along the coast for short and spectacular day hikes or tackle longer stretches. The **South West Coast Path Association** (www.swcp.org.uk) publishes an annual guide. For wilderness hikes, the national parks of Dartmoor and Exmoor are hard to beat. Dartmoor is bigger and more remote; Exmoor's ace in the pack is a cracking 34 miles of precipitous coast. The region's third national park, the New Forest, is an altogether gentler affair, offering hundreds of miles of heritage trails. Other hiking highlights are Exmoor's 51-mile **Coleridge Way** (www.coleridgeway.co.uk), the Isle of Wight and Bodmin Moor, while Wiltshire's 87-mile **Ridgeway National Trail** (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/ridgeway) starts near Avebury and winds through chalk downland and the wooded Chiltern hills For multiday hikes, see (Click here). Surfing & Boating North Cornwall, and to a lesser extent north Devon, serve up the best surf in England. Party-town Newquay is the epicentre; other top spots are Bude in Cornwall and Croyde in Devon. Region-wide surf conditions can be found at www.magicseaweed.com. For sailing, highlights includes Britain's 2012 Olympic sailing venues at Weymouth and Portland and the yachting havens of the Isle of Wight, Falmouth, Dartmouth and Poole. Other Activities The southwest is also prime territory for kitesurfing, windsurfing, diving, sea kayaking, white-water kayaking and wakeboarding. The sport of stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) continues to grow in popularity, especially in calm water spots. Plenty of firms also offer caving, coasteering, mountain boarding, climbing and kitebuggying. Check out www.visitsouthwest.co.uk for operators. 8Getting Around It is possible to travel the southwest using public transport, but services to remote areas are limited; using your own wheels gives you more flexibility. Traveline South West ( %0871 200 2233; www.travelinesw.com) provides region-wide bus and train timetable info. Bus The region's bus network is fairly comprehensive, but becomes patchy away from main towns. **National Express** (www.nationalexpress.com) often provides the quickest bus link between cities and larger towns. **PlusBus** (www.plusbus.info) adds local bus travel to your train ticket (from £2 per day). Participating cities include Bath, Bournemouth, Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Salisbury, Truro and Weymouth. Buy tickets at train stations. FirstBUS (www.firstgroup.com) The region's largest bus company. The FirstDay Southwest ticket (adult/child £7/6) is valid for one day on many First buses. Weekly passes (adult/child from £37/23) are also available. MoreBUS (Wilts & Dorset; www.wdbus.co.uk) Useful service across Wiltshire and Dorset. Does day tickets (adult/child £8.50/5.50) and seven-day network tickets (£25/20) for south coast routes. StagecoachBUS (www.stagecoachbus.com) A key provider in Hampshire and Devon. Offers a range of one-day tickets (adult/child from £4/3) and weekly Megarider fares from £8 (no child fare). Western GreyhoundBUS (www.westerngreyhound.com) Key operator in Cornwall. Its day explorer tickets cost adult/child £8.50/5.50. Car The main car-hire firms have offices at the region's airports and main-line train stations; rates reflect those elsewhere in the UK. Train Bristol is a main train hub with links including those to London Paddington, Scotland and Birmingham, plus services to Bath, Swindon, Chippenham, Weymouth, Southampton and Portsmouth. Trains from London Waterloo travel to Bournemouth, Salisbury, Southampton, Portsmouth and Weymouth. Stops on the London Paddington–Penzance service include Exeter, Plymouth, Liskeard, St Austell and Truro. Spur lines run to Barnstaple, Paignton, Gunnislake, Looe, Falmouth, St Ives and Newquay. The Freedom of the South West Rover pass (adult/child £110/55) allows eight days' unlimited travel over 15 days in an area west of, and including, Salisbury, Bath, Bristol and Weymouth. ## Hampshire Hampshire's history is regal and rich. Kings Alfred the Great, Knut and William the Conqueror all based their reigns in its ancient cathedral city of Winchester, whose jumble of historic buildings sits in the centre of undulating chalk downs. The county's coast is awash with heritage too – in rejuvenated Portsmouth you can clamber aboard the pride of Nelson's navy, HMS _Victory,_ and wonder at the _Mary Rose_ (Henry VIII's flagship), before wandering wharfs buzzing with restaurants, shops and bars. Hampshire's southwestern corner claims the open heath and woods of the New Forest and, just offshore, the hip holiday hot spot that is the Isle of Wight. ### Winchester Pop 116,600 Calm, collegiate Winchester is a mellow must-see. The past still echoes strongly around the flint-flecked walls of this ancient cathedral city. It was the capital of Saxon kings and a power base of bishops, and its statues and sights evoke two of England's mightiest myth-makers: Alfred the Great and King Arthur (he of the round table). Winchester's architecture is exquisite, from the handsome Elizabethan and Regency buildings in the narrow streets to the wondrous cathedral at its core, while its river valley location means there are charming waterside trails to explore. History The Romans built a defended settlement at Winchester in AD 70, but the city really took off when the powerful West Saxon bishops moved their episcopal see here in AD 670. Thereafter, Winchester was the most important town in the powerful kingdom of Wessex. King Alfred the Great (r 871–99) made it his capital, and it remained so under Knut (r 1016–35) and the Danish kings. After the Norman invasion of 1066, William the Conqueror commissioned local monks to write the ground-breaking _Domesday Book,_ an administrative survey of the entire country and the most significant clerical accomplishment of the Middle Ages. Winchester thrived until the 12th century, when a fire gutted most of the city – after this, London took its crown. In the 18th century the city was revived as a trading centre. Winchester 1Top Sights 1Winchester CathedralC2 2Winchester CollegeC3 3Wolvesey CastleC3 1Sights Cathedral GroundsC2 4City MuseumB2 Jane Austen's GraveC2 5Jane Austen's HouseB3 6Round Table & Great HallA2 7Royal Green Jackets MuseumA2 Winchester Bible & Triforium GalleryC2 8Wolvesey PalaceC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 9Guided WalksC2 4Sleeping 105 Clifton TerraceA2 11Magdalen HouseD2 12No 5D2 13St John's CroftD2 14Wykeham ArmsB3 5Eating 15Black RatD3 16Chesil RectoryD2 17Old VineB2 Wykeham ArmsB3 6Drinking & Nightlife 18Black BoyD3 Wykeham ArmsB3 3Entertainment 19Railway InnA1 7Shopping 20Deanery PorchC3 1Sights oWinchester CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-857225; www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk; The Close; adult/child incl cathedral body & crypt tours £7.50/free; h9.30am-5pm Sat, 12.30-3pm Sun) One of southern England's most awe-inspiring buildings, 11th-century Winchester Cathedral boasts a fine Gothic facade, one of the longest medieval naves in Europe (164m), and a fascinating jumble of features from all eras. Other highlights include the intricately carved medieval choir stalls, which sport everything from mythical beasts to a mischievous green man, and one of the UK's finest illuminated manuscripts. The cathedral's three separate, excellent tours of the ground floor, crypt and tower can get busy – book ahead. Today's cathedral sits beside foundations that mark Winchester's original 7th-century minster church. The cathedral was begun in 1070 and completed in 1093, and was subsequently entrusted with the bones of its patron saint, St Swithin (Bishop of Winchester from 852 to 862). He is best known for the proverb stating if it rains on St Swithin's Day (15 July), it will rain for a further 40 days and 40 nights. Soggy ground and poor workmanship spelled disaster for the early church. The original tower collapsed in 1107 and major restructuring continued until the mid-15th century. Look out for the monument at the far end of the building to diver William Walker; he saved the cathedral from collapse by delving repeatedly into its waterlogged underbelly from 1906 to 1912 to bolster rotting wooden foundations with vast quantities of concrete and brick. Choral evensong (5.30pm Monday to Saturday, 3.30pm Sunday) is intensely atmospheric; Sunday services take place at 7.40am, 8am and 10am. Winchester Bible & Triforium GalleryLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h10.30am-4pm Tue-Sat, 2-4pm Mon) As the biggest, brightest and best-surviving 12th-century English bible, the dazzling Winchester Bible has vivid illuminated pages. It was commissioned in 1160, possibly by the grandson of William the Conqueror. The treasures in the Triforium Gallery include rare late-Saxon glass and a 15th-century Madonna and child, part of the medieval Great Screen. Admission is included with Winchester Cathedral. Jane Austen's GraveCEMETERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Jane Austen, one of England's best-loved authors, is buried near the entrance in the cathedral's northern aisle. Austen died a stone's throw away in 1817 at Jane Austen's House, where she spent her last six weeks. It's now a private residence and is marked by a slate plaque ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 8 College St). Another of her former homes, now a museum, is 18 miles away. Cathedral GroundsPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) The cathedral's tree-fringed lawns make for tranquil spots to take time out, especially on the quieter south side beyond the cloisters; the permanent secondhand book stall in the Deanery Porch ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) provides great bargain hunting. oWolvesey CastleCASTLE (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-378291; www.english-heritage.org.uk; College St; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) F The fantastical, crumbling remains of early-12th-century Wolvesey Castle huddle in the protective embrace of the city's walls. Completed by Henry de Blois, it served as the Bishop of Winchester's residence throughout the medieval era, with Queen Mary I and Philip II of Spain celebrating their wedding feast here in 1554. According to legend, its name comes from a Saxon king's demand for an annual payment of 300 wolves' heads. Today the bishop lives in the (private) Wolvesey Palace ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) next door. oWinchester CollegeHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-621100; www.winchestercollege.org; College St; adult/child £6/5; h10.45am & noon Mon-Sat, plus 2.15pm & 3.30pm Mon, Wed, Fri-Sun) Winchester College delivers a rare chance to nose around a prestigious English private school. It was set up by William Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester in 1393, 14 years after he founded Oxford's New College. Hour-long guided tours take in the 14th-century Gothic chapel, complete with wooden vaulted roof, the dining room (called College Hall), and a vast 17th-century open classroom (called School), where exams are still held. A revealing insight into how the other half learns. City MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.winchester.gov.uk/heritage-conservation/museums/city-museum; The Square; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) F A people-centred canter through Winchester's past with jewellery, mosaics, sculpture, coins and tobacco tins charting a narrative from the Iron Age, via the Romans and Anglo Saxons to the present day. Round Table & Great HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-846476; www.hants.gov.uk/greathall; Castle Ave; suggested donation £2; h10am-5pm) F Winchester's cavernous Great Hall is the only part of 11th-century Winchester Castle that Oliver Cromwell spared from destruction. Crowning the wall like a giant-sized dartboard of green and cream spokes is what centuries of mythology has dubbed King Arthur's Round Table. It's actually a 700-year-old copy, but is fascinating nonetheless. It's thought to have been constructed in the late 13th century and then painted in the reign of Henry VIII (King Arthur's image is unsurprisingly reminiscent of Henry's youthful face). This hall was also the stage for several gripping English courtroom dramas, including the trial of adventurer Sir Walter Raleigh in 1603, who was sentenced to death but received a reprieve at the last minute. Royal Green Jackets MuseumMUSEUM (The Rifles; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-828549; www.winchestermilitarymuseums.co.uk; Peninsula Barracks, Romsey Rd; adult/child £4/1.50; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, plus Sun Jul-Sep) The pick of Winchester's cluster of army museums, with its mini rifle-shooting range, a room of 6000 medals and an impressive blow-by-blow diorama of Napoleon's downfall, the Battle of Waterloo. Hospital of St CrossHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-853525; www.stcrosshospital.co.uk; St Cross Rd; adult/child £4/2; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1-5pm Sun Apr-Oct 10.30am-3.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Welcome to the oldest charitable institution in the country, founded in 1132 by the grandson of William the Conqueror, Henry de Blois. As well as healing the sick and housing the needy, the hospital was built to care for pilgrims and crusaders en route to the Holy Land. Today, it's roamed by elderly black- and red-gowned brothers, who hand out the Wayfarer's Dole; a crust of bread and horn of ale (now a small swig of beer) from the Porter's Gate. Make sure you visit the stumpy church, the brethren hall, the kitchen and the peaceful gardens. The best way to arrive is via the 1-mile Keats' Walk through the water meadows; pick up the trail near Wolvesey Castle. ### JANE AUSTEN'S HOUSE MUSEUM There's more than a touch of the period dramas she inspired about the former home of Jane Austen (1775–1817). The appealing red-brick house, where the celebrated English novelist lived with her mother and sister from 1809 to 1817, is now a museum ( %01420-83262; www.jane-austens-house-museum.org.uk; Chawton; adult/child £7.50/2.50; h10.30am-4.30pm mid-Feb–Dec). While here, she wrote _Mansfield Park_ , _Emma_ and _Persuasion,_ and revised _Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice_ and _Northanger Abbey_. The interior showcases a typical well-to-do Georgian family home, complete with elegant furniture and copper pans in the kitchen, plus the occasional table Austen used as a desk, first editions of her novels and the delicate handkerchief she embroidered for her sister. The museum is 18 miles east of Winchester in Chawton village; take bus 64 from Winchester to Alton Butts (£8, 45 minutes, hourly) then walk 800m to Chawton village. 2Activities Winchester's tempting walks include the 1-mile **Keats' Walk** through the water meadows to the Hospital of St Cross. Its beauty is said to have prompted the poet to pen the ode _To Autumn;_ pick up the trail near Wolvesey Castle. Alternatively, head down Wharf Hill, through the water meadows to St Catherine's Hill (1 mile), or take the tranquil **Riverside Walk** from Wolvesey Castle along the River Itchen's banks to High St. TTours Cathedral ToursWALKING TOUR The highly informative, one-hour **Cathedral Body Tours** (Monday to Saturday, 10am to 3pm) and atmospheric **Crypt Tours** (10.30am, 12.30pm and 2.30pm, Monday to Saturday) are included in the admission price for Winchester Cathedral. **Tower and Roof Tours** (2.15pm Monday to Saturday, plus 11.30am Saturday, May to September) cost £6 and take you onto the roof for views as far as the Isle of Wight. These tours are popular – book well in advance. On the Crypt Tour look out for _Sound II_ , an enigmatic life-sized depiction of a contemplative man by Anthony Gormley. The Tower and Roof Tour will see you clambering 213 steps up narrow stairwells, navigating an interior gallery high above the nave and visiting the bell chamber. Guided WalksWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; adult/child £6/free; hMon-Sat Apr-Oct, weekly Nov-Mar) These 90-minute walks include City Highlights and Roman and Saxon Winchester. Up to four leave daily from the tourist office in peak season. 4Sleeping oSt John's CroftBOUTIQUE B&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-859976; www.st-johns-croft.co.uk; St John's St; s/d £45/85; p W) You may well fall in love with this oh-so-casually stylish, rambling Queen Anne town house, where rattan carpets are teamed with bulging bookcases, and Indian art with shabby-chic antiques. The rooms are vast, the garden is tranquil and breakfast is served beside the Aga in the country-house kitchen. 5 Clifton TerraceB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-890053; cliftonterrace@hotmail.co.uk; 5 Clifton Tce; s £65-70 d £75-90 f £110-125; W) There's a captivating air of easygoing elegance about this tall Georgian town house. Family heirlooms sit beside candy-striped rugs and peppermint-green, claw-footed baths – it's great value too. No 5B&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-863838; www.no5bridgestreet.co.uk; 5 Bridge St; d £99-130; W) Subtle tweedy-meets-tartan motifs are used to good effect here, with soft, checked throws book-ending beds draped in gentle grey. Spacious bathrooms, feature fireplaces, while a downstairs bistro adds to the appeal. Magdalen HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-869634; www.magdalen-house.co.uk; 5 Magdalen Hill; s/d/f £50/65/75; p W) Smart bedrooms are arranged over three floors in this peaceful, modern hillside house. The family room opens out directly onto a sunny terrace – the doubles trump that though, with views over rooftops to Winchester Cathedral. oWykeham ArmsINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-853834; www.wykehamarmswinchester.co.uk; 75 Kingsgate St; s/d/ste £65/150/180; p W) At 250-odd years old, the Wykeham bursts with history – it used to be a brothel and also put Nelson up for a night (some say the events coincided). Creaking stairs lead to plush bedrooms that manage to be both deeply established but also on-trend; brass bedsteads meet jazzy throws, oak dressers sport stylish lights. Simply smashing. 5Eating Chesil RectoryBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-851555; www.chesilrectory.co.uk; 1 Chesil St; mains £14-20; hnoon-2.20pm & 6-9.30pm) It's almost as if they created a checklist for a great date: hushed tones, flickering candles, dark beams. They get the food right too, from lighter offerings such as white onion risotto, to flavourful braised ox cheek, or roasted guinea fowl with red wine. Wykeham ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-853834; www.wykehamarmswinchester.co.uk; 75 Kingsgate St; mains £14-23; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm; W v) The menu range here is remarkable, from juicy burgers and fish and chips, to satisfying creations adorned with cheffy flourishes: ham-hock terrine, roasted venison and seared scallops come complete with purees, creams, gels, 'snow' and 'sand'. Old VinePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-854616; www.oldvinewinchester.com; 8 Great Minster St; mains £10-20; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9pm) Ask for a table with a view of Winchester's captivating Cathedral Green, soak up the mellow, old-inn atmosphere, then choose between comfort food (pork pies and baked eggs) or fancier fare: flaky grilled salmon and hefty rib-eye steaks. oBlack RatFINE DINING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-844465; www.theblackrat.co.uk; 88 Chesil St; mains £23, 2-/3-course lunch £23/26; h7-9pm daily, noon-2.15pm Sat & Sun) The aromas are irresistible, the food frankly fabulous, the cooking highly technical and the ingredients dare to surprise – expect cuttlefish, rabbit saddle, black garlic, seaweed salt, loveage and blowtorched back fat. That'll be why the Black Rat deserves its Michelin star. 6Drinking & Entertainment oWykeham ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wykehamarmswinchester.co.uk; 75 Kingsgate St; h11am-11pm; W) Winchester's mustn't-miss inn envelops you in an endearingly eccentric embrace. Tankards and school canes hang from the ceiling, and worn school desks lend pint-supping an illicit air. The sizzling sausages (75p each) served nightly at 6pm help make it hard to imagine drinking anywhere else. Ever. Black BoyPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theblackboypub.com; 1 Wharf Hill; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) This adorable old boozer is worth visiting just for the bizarre collections of pocket watches, wax facial features, bear traps and sawn-in-half paperbacks. Then there's the beer: the pumps here produce five well-kept, locally produced real ales. Railway InnLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.railwaylive.co.uk; 3 St Paul's Hill; h5pm-midnight Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri, to 1am Sat) One of the region's best live-music and DJ spaces, the two-venue Railway puts on everything from indie to country, plus poetry, comedy and even retro gaming (yep). 8Information Discovery CentreINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www3.hants.gov.uk/wdc; Jewry St; h9am-7pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 11am-3pm Sun; W) Free internet access. Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01962-840500; www.visitwinchester.co.uk; High St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 11am-4pm Sun May-Sep) 8Getting There & Away Winchester is 65 miles west of London. Direct National Express buses shuttle to London Victoria every two hours (£14, 1¾ hours). Trains leave half-hourly to hourly for London Waterloo (£33, 1¼ hours) and hourly for Portsmouth (£11, 1¼ hours). There are also fast links to the Midlands. 8Getting Around Bikes can be hired from the Tourist Office, per half/full day £7/10. Park & Ride car parks (per day £3) are signed off junctions 10 and 11 of the M3. There are taxi ranks on the High St, and outside the train station and tourist office. WintaxTAXI ( %01962-878727; www.wintaxcars.com) Operates 24 hours. ### Portsmouth Pop 209,100 The world-class collection of maritime heritage at Portsmouth more than demands a day trip. Here you can roam around three stunning historic ships, a submarine and an impressive cluster of museums. Nauticalia done, the city's Point district tempts with cobbled streets and ancient pubs, the Spinnaker Tower delivers jaw-dropping views, and the port makes a prime jumping-off point for the Isle of Wight. Portsmouth 1Top Sights 1HMS VictoryA1 2HMS WarriorA2 3Mary Rose MuseumA1 1Sights 4Action Stations!A1 5National Museum of the Royal NavyA1 6Round TowerA4 7Sally PortsB4 8Spinnaker TowerA3 9Square TowerB4 10The PointB4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 11Harbour ToursA2 5Eating 12A BarB3 13Lady HamiltonB2 14Old Customs HouseB3 15Still & WestA3 7Shopping 16Gunwharf QuaysB3 ### HMS VICTORY In the summer, tours of Nelson's flagship are self-guided. But between autumn and spring, hugely popular 40-minute **guided tours** are held. Arrive early to bag a place – you can't book in advance. 1Sights oPortsmouth Historic DockyardHISTORIC SHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-728060; www.historicdockyard.co.uk; Victory Gate; All Attraction ticket adult/child/family £28/21/78; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) Portsmouth's blockbuster draw sees you gazing at the evocative hulk of Henry VIII's flagship, the _Mary Rose,_ and jumping aboard HMS _Victory_ – the warship Nelson captained at the Battle of Trafalgar. Then there's the Victorian HMS _Warrior,_ the WWII-era submarine HMS _Alliance_ and a wealth of imaginative, maritime-themed museums, along with water-borne harbour tours. Visiting more than one exhibit makes the All Attraction ticket (rather than single attraction versions) the best value. Last admission is 1½ hours before closing. Harbour Tours are also included in the All Attractions ticket. oMary Rose MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.maryrose.org; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £18/13; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar ) The raising of the 16th-century warship the _Mary Rose_ in 1982 was an extraordinary feat of marine archaeology. Now the new £35 million, boat-shaped Mary Rose Museum has been built around her. It showcases the massive hull which can be seen from tiered galleries reconstructing life on each deck, using some of the 19,000 artefacts that were raised with her. This 700-tonne floating fortress was Henry VIII's favourite vessel, but she sank suddenly off Portsmouth while fighting the French in 1545. Of a crew of 400, it's thought 360 died. Items on display range from the military, including scores of cannons and hundreds of longbows, to the touchingly prosaic: water jugs, hair combs, leather shoes and even the skeleton of Hatch, the ship's dog. oHMS VictoryHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hms-victory.com; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £18/13; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) As resplendent as she is venerable, HMS _Victory_ was Lord Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) and the site of his famous dying words 'Kiss me, Hardy', after victory over the French had been secured. This remarkable ship is topped by a forest of ropes and masts, and weighted by a swollen belly filled with cannon and paraphernalia for an 850-strong crew. Clambering through the low-beamed decks and crew's quarters is an evocative experience. oHMS WarriorHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hmswarrior.org; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £18/13; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) Anywhere else, the magnificent warship HMS _Warrior_ would grab centre stage. This stately dame was at the cutting edge of technology when she was built in 1860, riding the transition from wood to iron and sail to steam. The gleaming upper deck, vast gun deck and dimly lit cable lockers conjure up vivid pictures of life in the Victorian navy. National Museum of the Royal NavyMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalnavalmuseum.org; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £13/8; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) Cannon fire, recoiling guns and blood-spattered, injured sailors appear in this museum's multimedia re-creation of the Battle of Trafalgar – Nelson and Napoleon even pop up to give a tactical briefing. The site also features William Wyllie's 42ft painting _The Panorama of the Battle of Trafalgar,_ Nelson's 1800 Life Mask and an Enigma machine, used by British WWII code-breakers to crack German signals. Action Stations!MUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £12/9; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) Stroll into Action Stations!, a warehouse full of child-friendly interactive gadgets, to command a warship, gaze at an astronauts' view of earth, and up a periscope. The whole set-up is a thinly disguised recruitment drive for the modern navy, but it's fun nonetheless. Explosion!MUSEUM (www.explosion.org.uk; Priddy's Hard, Gosport; adult/child £10/6; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) This 1771 powder magazine is packed full of ordnance tracing the story of naval munitions from gunpowder to Exocet missiles. Explosion! is in Gosport, on the west side of Portsmouth Harbour – a free waterbus (15 minutes) links it with the main historic dockyard site. HMS Alliance at the Submarine MuseumMUSEUM (www.submarine-museum.co.uk; Haslar Jetty Rd, Gosport; adult/child £14/10; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5.30pm Nov-Mar) Taking a trip deep into the bowels of the the WWII-era sub HMS _Alliance_ is compelling, thanks to the lights, sounds and even smells used to create a sense of dropping by just as the crew has gone ashore. HMS _Alliance_ is in Gosport, across the harbour from Portsmouth; free water buses (30 minutes) shuttle to the site from Portsmouth Historic Dockyard. Your tour leads through the submarine's service years, from the 1940s to the 1970s, and sees you navigating cramped quarters and peering up through periscopes onto the harbour outside. The PointHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) The Point's characterful cobbled streets are dotted with higgledy-piggledy houses and salty sea-dog pubs – their terraces prime places to watch streams of ferries and navy ships. Here you can also climb Henry V's Round Tower ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) and stroll along the fort's walls to the 15th-century Square Tower ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Underneath, cavernous vaults frame Sally Ports ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ); openings in the defences that used to give captains access to the sea, and now lead sun worshippers onto a tiny shingle beach. Spinnaker TowerTOWER ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-857520; www.spinnakertower.co.uk; Gunwharf Quays; adult/child £9/7; h10am-6pm) The Spinnaker Tower soars 170m above Gunwharf Quays, its two sweeping white arcs resembling a billowing sail from some angles, and a skeletal ribcage from others. The 23-mile views take in Portsmouth, the Isle of Wight and the South Downs. Observation Deck 1 has a hair-raising view through the glass floor, while the roofless Crow's Nest on Deck 3 allows you to feel the wind on your face. Tickets are 15% cheaper when booked online. D-Day MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-826722; www.ddaymuseum.co.uk; Clarence Esplanade, Southsea; adult/child £7/5; h10am-5pm) The exhibits here recount the assault mounted by Allied D-Day forces in 1944 and Portsmouth's key role in the operation. TTours Harbour ToursBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-864602; Portsmouth Historic Dockyard; adult/child £7/5; h10.30am-4pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Nov-Mar) These weather-permitting, 45-minute voyages provide salt-sprayed views of HMS _Warrior_ and HMS _Victory,_ and you'll go past modern warships too. The tours are included in the All Attractions ticket. The free waterbus to HMS _Alliance_ , the Submarine Museum and Explosion! leaves from the same pontoon. Walking ToursHERITAGE TOURS (adult/child £3/free; h2.30pm Sun) Themes include Nelson, the Point and Old Fortifications; there are Sunday evening Ghost Walks too. The tourist office has full details. 5Eating & Drinking Still & WestPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stillandwest.co.uk; 2 Bath Sq; mains £8; h9am-9pm Mon-Thu to 10pm Fri & Sat, to 8pm Sun) Genius: two great British institutions in one – a fish and chip shop inside a pub (open 11am to 11pm). Your fried delights come wrapped in traditional chippy paper, so buy a pint, bag a window table and tuck in while watching the close-up panorama of passing boats. Lady HamiltonPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-870505; 21 The Hard; mains £7.50; hkitchen 11am-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-9pm Sun) Cutlasses and paintings of valiant sea battles plaster the walls of a proper old boozer (open 11am to 11pm) that's named after naval hero Nelson's mistress. The daily roasts are legendary, the vibe is un-gimmicky and the decor is definitely not smart – and it's all the better for it. A BarBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-811585; www.abarbistro.co.uk; 58 White Hart Rd; mains £10-19; h11am-11pm; W) A laid-back spot to sample local produce and soak up local life – the menu is strong on fish that's been landed just yards away, while cider-drinking fishermen prop up the bar from mid-afternoon. The wine list is seriously good; the same people run a specialist retailer from upstairs. Old Customs HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theoldcustomshouse.com; Gunwharf Quays; mains £10-16; h9am-9pm Sun-Thu to 10pm Fri & Sat; W) The best of Gunwharf Quays' numerous eateries, this smart pub occupies an 18th-century former Royal Marine hospital. Now better-than-average bar food (think mussels steamed in cider, steak and ale pie and Welsh rarebit) is served up alongside its raspberry-red walls and gilt-framed mirrors. 8Information Net CafeINTERNET (www.netcafeportsmouth.com; 4 Market Way; per hr £3; h10am–5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat) Some 1.5 miles east of the Historic Dockyard. Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %02392-826722; www.visitportsmouth.co.uk; Clarence Esplanade; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) In the D-Day Museum in Southsea. 8Getting There & Away Portsmouth is 100 miles southwest of London. Boat Ferries link Portsmouth to the Isle of Wight. Several routes run from Portsmouth to France. Prices vary wildly depending on times and dates of travel – an example fare is £120 one-way for a car and two adults on the Portsmouth–Cherbourg route. Book in advance, be prepared to travel off-peak and look out for special deals. Brittany Ferries (www.brittanyferries.co.uk) Services run regularly from Portsmouth to St Malo (10¾ hours), Caen (four hours), Cherbourg (three hours) and Le Havre (3¾ hours) in France, and twice-weekly to Santander (13 hours) and Bilbao in Spain. Condor Ferries (www.condorferries.co.uk) Runs a weekly car-and-passenger service from Portsmouth to Cherbourg (6½ hours) between June and September. LD Lines (www.ldlines.co.uk) Shuttles daily to Le Havre (five to eight hours) in France. Bus There are hourly, direct National Express buses from London Victoria (£14, 1¾ hours). Bus 700 runs to Chichester (£4.40, one hour) and Brighton (£4.70, four hours) at least hourly. Train Direct trains run hourly from London Victoria (£35, two hours) and half-hourly from London Waterloo (£35, two hours). For the Historic Dockyard get off at the final stop, Portsmouth Harbour. Other departures include: A **Brighton** (£16, 1½ hours, hourly) A **Chichester** (£8, 40 minutes, two per hour) A **Southampton** (£10, one hour, three per hour) A **Winchester** (£15, 1¼ hours, half-hourly) 8Getting Around Bus 1 runs every 20 minutes between Portsmouth Harbour bus station and South Parade Pier in Southsea, via Old Portsmouth. An all-day ticket is £4. Ranks for taxis are near the Portsmouth Harbour bus and train stations. Or call Aquacars ( %02392-811111; www.aquacars.co.uk). ## New Forest With typical, accidental, English irony the New Forest is anything but new – it was first proclaimed a royal hunting preserve in 1079. It's also not much of a forest, being mostly heathland ('forest' is from the Old French for 'hunting ground'). Designated a national park in 2005, the forest's combined charms make it a joy to explore. Wild ponies mooch around pretty scrubland, deer flicker in the distance and rare birds flit among the foliage. Genteel villages dot the landscape, connected by a web of walking and cycling trails. ### CAMPING IN THE NEW FOREST The New Forest is a haven for campers. The Forestry Commission (www.campingintheforest.co.uk) runs 10 relatively rural sites. Lyndhurst's tourist office has a free brochure detailing other designated areas; see also www.thenewforest.co.uk. 2Activities The forest is prime **hiking** territory. Ordnance Survey (OS) produces a detailed, 1:25,000 Explorer map ( _New Forest;_ No 22, £8); Pathfinder's _New Forest Short Walks_ (£8) features 20 day hikes. New Forest ActivitiesADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01590-612377; www.newforestactivities.co.uk; High St, Beaulieu) Runs sessions in canoeing (adult/child per two hours £32/25), kayaking (per two hours £32) and archery (adult/child per 1½ hours £22/17). Cycling The New Forest makes for superb cycling country, with 100 miles of routes linking the main villages and the key railway station at Brockenhurst. _Cycling in the New Forest_ (£3.25) shows approved off-road and quieter 'on-road' routes. The _New Forest Cycle Experience Route Pack_ (£4) features seven trips, ranging from 4 to 24 miles. The _Forest Leisure Cycling Route Pack_ (£4) has nine circular trails for all abilities – all start from the village of Burley. Maps and guides can be bought from Lyndhurst tourist office or via its website. To rent bikes you'll need to pay a deposit (usually £20) and provide identification. AA Bike HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( %02380-283349; www.aabikehirenewforest.co.uk; Fern Glen, Gosport Lane, Lyndhurst; adult/child per day £10/5) Country LanesBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01590-622627; www.countrylanes.co.uk; train station, Brockenhurst; adult/child/family per day £16/9/43) New Forest Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL (Cyclexperience; %01590-624204; www.newforestcyclehire.co.uk; 2-4 Brookley Rd, Brockenhurst; adult/child per day £16/6) Forest Leisure CyclingBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01425-403584; www.forestleisurecycling.co.uk; The Cross, Burley; adult/child per day £16/6) ### SOUTHAMPTON Southampton is a useful transport hub. Southampton International Airport (www.southamptonairport.com) sits between Winchester, Portsmouth and Bournemouth and connects with more than 30 UK and European destinations, including Amsterdam, Glasgow, Paris and Dublin. Trains run direct from the airport to Bournemouth (£13, 30 minutes, three per hour) via Brockenhurst in the New Forest (£9, 25 minutes). Five trains an hour link the airport to Southampton's main train station (seven minutes). From there, three trains an hour run to Portsmouth (£10, one hour) and Winchester (£7, 25 minutes). Ferries (www.redfunnel.co.uk) shuttle from Southampton to the Isle of Wight. Horse Riding A number of stables welcome beginners. Arniss Equestrian CentreHORSE RIDING ( %01425-654114; www.arnissequestrian.co.uk; Godshill, Fordingbridge; per hr £27) Burley ManorHORSE RIDING ( %01425-403489; www.burleymanorridingstables.com; Ringwood Rd, Burley; per 1/2hr £33/60) Burley VillaHORSE RIDING ( %01425-610278; www.burleyvilla.co.uk; near New Milton; per hr £42) TTours Ranger WalksWALKING TOUR ( %03000 680400; www.forestry.gov.uk; from £5) Day walks including those themed around ecology, flowers and ponies, plus memorable early evening deer-watching strolls. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %02380-282269; www.thenewforest.co.uk; main car park, Lyndhurst; h10am-5pm) The national park's main tourist office, set in the New Forest Centre, has a wealth of information, including walking and cycling maps, and camping guides 8Getting There & Around Bus Regular services run to Bournemouth (£8.50) and Southampton (£7.20). New Forest TourBUS (www.thenewforesttour.info; adult per 1/2/5 days £14/19/28, child £7/9/14; hhourly 10am-6pm mid-Jun–mid-Sep) Three connecting routes of hop-on/hop-off buses, passing through Lyndhurst's main car park, Brockenhurst station, Lymington, Beaulieu and Exbury. Train Two trains an hour run to Brockenhurst from London Waterloo (£15, two hours) via Winchester (£12, 30 minutes) and on to Bournemouth (£8, 25 minutes). Local trains also shuttle twice an hour between Brockenhurst and Lymington (£4, 10 minutes). ### Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst & Around Pop 6579 The quaint country villages of Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst are separated by just 4 miles. Their picturesque sleeping spots and superb eateries ensure they're atmospheric bases from which to explore the New Forest. Lyndhurst also has the New Forest Centre, which contains the tourist office, and a library (main car park; h9.30am-1pm Mon, Wed & Sat, 2-5.30pm Tue & Fri) with free internet access. 1Sights New Forest MuseumMUSEUM (www.newforestcentre.org.uk; main car park, Lyndhurst; adult/child £4/free; h10am-5pm) Features a local labourer's cottage (complete with socks drying beside the fire), potato dibbers and a cider press. The mini-film makes for an accessible introduction to the park – listen too for recordings of the autumn pony sales, which take place after the annual drifts (roundups). BeaulieuHISTORIC BUILDING (www.beaulieu.co.uk; adult/child £10/10; h10am-6pm Jun-Sep to 5pm Oct-May) Petrolheads, historians and ghost-hunters gravitate to Beaulieu – pronounced _bew_ -lee – a vintage car museum, stately home and tourist complex based on the site of a key 13th-century Cistercian monastery. Motor-maniacs will be in raptures at Lord Montague's National Motor Museum. Beaulieu is on the Lymington/Brockenhurst route of the New Forest Tour. Following Henry VIII's monastic land grab of 1536, the abbey fell to the ancestors of current proprietors, the Montague family. Today the **motor museum** presents a splendid collection that spans early classics, F1 cars and jet-powered land-speed record-breakers including _Bluebird_ , which broke the 403mph (649km/h) limit in 1964. Celebrity wheels include those driven by James Bond and Mr Bean. Beaulieu's grand but homely **palace** began life as a 14th-century Gothic abbey gatehouse, but received a 19th-century Scottish baronial makeover from Baron Montague in the 1860s. Listen out for eerie Gregorian chanting – the abbey is supposedly one of England's most haunted buildings. 4Sleeping Lyndhurst HouseB&B ( %02380-282230; www.lyndhursthousebb.co.uk; 35 Romsey Rd, Lyndhurst; s £55, d £70-76; p W) Pine furniture fills floral-themed rooms; steeply slanting eaves add character to those on the top floor. But a real surprise sits in an outhouse: a mini hot tub and sauna combo, for soothing limbs tested by New Forest cycling, hiking or riding. Daisybank CottageBOUTIQUE B&B ( %01590-622086; www.bedandbreakfast-newforest.co.uk; Sway Rd, Brockenhurst; s £75, d £90-135; p W) The five gorgeous themed suites here are mini pamper palaces. Expect aromatic smellies in gleaming bathrooms, stylish, luxurious furnishings and lots of little extras: breakfasts laden with New Forest goodies, handmade chocolates and range-baked cakes on arrival. oThe PigBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01590-622354; www.thepighotel.co.uk; Beaulieu Rd, Brockenhurst; r £139-169; p W) One of the New Forest's classiest hotels remains an utter delight: log baskets, croquet mallets and ranks of guest gumboots give things a country-house air; espresso machines and mini-larders lend bedrooms a luxury touch. In fact, all this effortless elegance makes it feel like you've just dropped by a friend's (very stylish) rural retreat. 5Eating Oak InnPUB ( %02380-282350; www.oakinnlyndhurst.co.uk; Pinkney Lane, Bank; mains £8-16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Fri, noon-9pm Sat & Sun) Beams, panelling, horse brasses, and dried hops hanging over the bar – this flower-framed New Forest inn is as English as they come. The grub though is pure gastropub: monkfish and squid salad; goat-cheese mousse. It's a mile southwest of Lyndhurst in the hamlet of Bank. oThe PigMODERN BRITISH ( %01590-622354; www.thepighotel.co.uk; Beaulieu Rd, Brockenhurst; mains £10-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9.30pm; W) Add this to your must-eat-in list. The '25 mile menu' at this über-cool hotel is all sourced locally – most is home-grown, own-reared or foraged. That means imaginative combos featuring earthy chard from the kitchen garden, punchy, own-smoked ham and a creamy risotto of just-picked mushrooms. You can even join them for a foraging trip. 8Getting There & Away Bus 6 shuttles between Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst and Lymington (£3.60, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday); so does the New Forest Tour. Trains run twice an hour between Brockenhurst and Lymington (£4, 10 minutes). ### Buckler's Hard For such a tiny place, this picturesque huddle of 18th-century cottages, near the mouth of the River Beaulieu, has a big history. It started in 1722, when a duke of Montague built a port to finance a Caribbean expedition. His dream faltered, but when war with France came, this embryonic village and sheltered gravel waterfront became a secret boatyard where several of Nelson's triumphant Battle of Trafalgar warships were built. In the 20th century it played its part in the preparations for the D-Day landings. Buckler's Hard is 2 miles downstream from Beaulieu; a riverside walking trail links the two. 1Sights Buckler's Hard StoryMUSEUM ( %01590-616203; www.bucklershard.co.uk; adult/child £6.20/4.40; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) The hamlet's fascinating Maritime Museum and heritage centre chart the inlet's shipbuilding history and WWII role and feature immaculately preserved 18th-century labourers' cottages. 4Sleeping Master Builder's House HotelHOTEL ( %01590-616253; www.themasterbuilders.co.uk; Buckler's Hard; d £93-158; p) The luxurious Master Builder's House Hotel is part of the Buckler's Hard Story complex. This beautifully restored 18th-century hotel has 25 stately but stylish rooms, featuring soft lighting, burnished trunks and plush fabrics. The atmospheric **restaurant** (lunch two/three courses £16/19, dinner mains £16) overlooks the river, while the wood-panelled **Yachtsman's Bar** serves quality pub grub from £7. ### Lymington Pop 15,425 Yachting haven, New Forest base and jumping-off point to the Isle of Wight – the appealing Georgian harbour town of Lymington has several strings to its tourism bow. This former smuggler's port offers nautical shops, prime eating and sleep spots and, in Quay St, an utterly quaint cobbled lane. 1Sights St Barbe MuseumMUSEUM ( %01590-676969; www.stbarbe-museum.org.uk; New St; adult/child £4/2; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat) Explores tales of boat-builders, sailors, smugglers, salt-makers and farmers through a mix of models, hands-on displays and artefacts. TTours Puffin CruisesBOAT TOUR ( %07850-947618; www.puffincruiseslymington.com; Town Quay) The best trip is an exhilarating, three-hour surge across the Solent to the Isle of Wight (adult/child £19/8, 6pm Wednesday and Friday, May to October), where the Needles lighthouse and towering chalk stacks loom from the water. There is also a 1½-hour evening cruise and a one-hour picnic voyage. 4Sleeping AuplandsB&B ( %01590-675944; www.auplands.com; 22 Southampton Rd; s £45, d £60-70; p W) Your genial hosts have been running this B&B for more than 30 years, and it shows in their supremely efficient systems and easy charm. Snug rooms feature pine and big plants, while the eateries of Lymington are only a short stroll away. oMill at GordletonBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01590-682219; www.themillatgordleton.co.uk; Silver St, Hordle; d/ste £150/195; p W) Step inside here and you know, instantly, you're going to be looked after, beautifully. Wicker, velvet and gingham dot exquisite rooms (each one comes with a sweet soft toy duck), while the garden is a magical mix of rushing water, fairy lights and modern sculpture. The acclaimed restaurant (two-course lunch/dinner £16/23, open noon to 2pm daily and 7pm to 9pm Monday to Saturday) focuses firmly on the homemade and the home-grown. The Mill is 4 miles west of Lymington. Stanwell HouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %0844-7046820; www.stanwellhouse.com; 14 High St; d £140-180, ste £220; i W) There are boutique tweaks everywhere at Stanwell. Swish Georgian rooms manage to be both period and modern, the Four Poster ones feature dark woods and zingy colours, while the high-tech suites are simply irresistible – two even have their own roof terrace for sunny days and moonlit nights. 5Eating Fish & ChipsFISH & CHIPS (130 High St; mains £7.50; h11.30am-2.30pm & 4.30-8.30pm Mon-Thu, 11.30am-9pm Fri & Sat, to 7pm Sun) They're often queuing out the door at this classic British chippy, which boasts great fish, formica tables and pickled eggs. Eat in or take away. Ship InnPUB (www.theshiplymington.co.uk; The Quay; mains £9-17; hkitchen noon-9pm; v) A pub for all seasons: knock back summertime drinks on the waterside terrace; in winter a toasty log burner gets you warm. Hearty food ranges from prosciutto and poached egg to a sticky marinated chicken; drinks totter from tangy real ales to vintage champagne. ElderflowerMODERN BRITISH ( %01590-676908; www.elderflowerrestaurant.co.uk; 5 Quay St; mains £15-23; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-3.30pm Sun) The man running things here used to be head chef at one of the New Forest's finest hotels, and this venture is as ambitious and innovative as you'd expect: prepare for assured rarities like hay-smoked goats' cheese, Dorset snails, and cigar-smoked chocolate. The three-course lunch (£25) is a snip. 8Information LibraryINTERNET (North Close; h9am-5pm Mon, Wed, Thu & Sat, to 7pm Tue & Fri; W) Free internet access. 8Getting There & Away Lymington has two train stations: Lymington Town and Lymington Pier. Isle of Wight ferries connect with Lymington Pier. Trains run to Southampton (£11, 40 minutes), via Brockenhurst, every hour. Wightlink FerriesFERRY ( %0871 376 1000; www.wightlink.co.uk) Car and passenger ferries run hourly to Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight (30 minutes). An adult/child foot passenger day return costs £14/7. Car fares start at around £60 for a short-break return. ## Isle of Wight On the Isle of Wight these days there's something groovy in the air. For decades this slab of rock anchored off Portsmouth has been a magnet for family holidays, and it still has seaside kitsch by the bucket and spade. But now the proms and amusement arcades are framed by pockets of pure funkiness. A brace of music festivals draws party-goers, just-caught seafood is served in kooky fishermen's cafes, and cool camping rules – here sites are dotted with ecoyurts and vintage campervans. Yet still the isle's principal appeal remains: a mild climate, myriad outdoorsy activities and a 25-mile shore lined with beaches, dramatic white cliffs and tranquil sand dunes. ### ISLE OF WIGHT MUSIC FESTIVALS The isle's festival tradition kicked off in the early 1970s, when 600,000 hippies came to see the Doors, the Who, Joni Mitchell and rock icon Jimi Hendrix's last performance. A generation on, its gatherings are still some of England's top musical events. Mid-June's Isle of Wight Festival (www.isleofwightfestival.org) has been headlined by Muse, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Kings of Leon and the Rolling Stones, while Bestival (www.bestival.net), in early September, delights in an eclectic, alternative feel, drawing the Super Furry Animals, Scissor Sisters, Candi Staton and more. 2Activities Water sports are serious business on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is the sailing centre, surfers and wind- and kite-surfers flock to the south west, especially around Compton Bay, while power boats run trips out to the Needles rocks. See the island's visitor website for more. Isle of Wight AdventureADVENTURE SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-755838; www.isleofwightadventureactivities.co.uk; Freshwater) Runs activities ranging from surfing, stand-up paddleboarding and kayaking (per two hours adult/child £40/25), to archery (£12) and fossil hunting (adult/child £4/3). Isle of Wight Steam RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01983-882204; www.iwsteamrailway.co.uk; hmid-Apr–Sep) Chugs regularly from Smallbrook Junction to Wootton Common (return adult/child £12/6, 1st class £17/12, one hour). Cycling With 200 miles of cycle routes, the Isle of Wight makes pedal-pushers smile. The island's official visitor website lists suggested trips (complete with maps), ranging from family-friendly tootles along former railway routes to the 50-mile, cliff-climbing **Chalk Ridge Extreme**. A Cycling Festival ( %01983-821000; www.sunseaandcycling.com) is held every September. Bike rentals start at around £13/45 per day/week. Many firms deliver and collect on orders over £30. TavcyclesBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01983- 812989; www.tavcycles.co.uk; 140 High St, Ryde) Top GearBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01983-299056; www.top-gearhire.com; 1 Terminus Rd, Cowes) Wight Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01983-761800; www.wightcyclehire.co.uk; Station Rd, Yarmouth) Walking This is one of the best spots in southern England for rambling, with 500 miles of well-marked walking paths, including 67 miles of coastal routes. The island's two-week Walking Festival (www.isleofwightwalkingfestival.co.uk) each May is billed as the UK's largest. 8Information At time of writing, the Isle of Wight doesn't have a tourist office. Small-scale info points include one at the Yarmouth Harbour Office. Visit Isle of WightWEBSITE (www.visitisleofwight.co.uk) The isle's official tourism website. ### CAR FERRY COSTS The cost of car ferries to the Isle of Wight can vary enormously. Make savings by booking ahead, asking about special offers and travelling off-peak (midweek and later in the day). Long stays are cheaper and some deals include admission to island attractions. Booking online can mean paying £20 less. 8Getting There & Away HovertravelFERRY ( %08434 87 88 87; www.hovertravel.co.uk; day-return adult/child £18/9) Shuttles foot passengers between Southsea (a Portsmouth suburb) and Ryde half hourly to hourly. Red FunnelFERRY ( %0844 844 9988; www.redfunnel.co.uk) Operates car-and-passenger ferries between Southampton and East Cowes (day return adult/child £16/8, from £40 with car, 60 minutes, hourly) and high-speed passenger ferries between Southampton and West Cowes (day return adult/child £23/11, 25 minutes, one to two per hour). Wightlink FerriesFERRY ( %0871 376 1000; www.wightlink.co.uk) Operates passenger ferries every half hour from Portsmouth to Ryde (day-return adult/child £17/9, 22 minutes). It also runs hourly car-and-passenger ferries from Portsmouth to Fishbourne (40 minutes) and from Lymington to Yarmouth (30 minutes). For both, an adult/child foot passenger day return costs £14/7. Car fares start at around £60 for a short-break return. 8Getting Around Bus Southern VectisBUS (www.islandbuses.info) Runs buses between the eastern towns roughly every 30 minutes. Regular services to the remoter southwest, especially between Blackgang Chine and Brook, are less frequent, but between April and September the Island Coaster makes four return circuits a day along the southern shore from Ryde around to Yarmouth, in the west. Rover Tickets are available for one day (adult/child £10/5), two days (adult/child £15/7.30) and a week (adult/child £24/12). Car 1st CallCAR RENTAL ( %01983-400055; www.1stcallcarsales.com; 15 College Close, Sandown; per day/week from £22/160) Collects and delivers island wide. Train Island LineTRAIN (www.southwesttrains.co.uk/island-line) Trains run twice-hourly from Ryde to Shanklin (day return £5.40, 25 minutes), via Smallbrook Junction, Brading and Sandown. ### Cowes & Around Pop 10,437 Pack your yachting cap – the hilly Georgian harbour town of Cowes is famous for Cowes Week (www.aamcowesweek.co.uk) in late July; first held in 1826, it's one of the biggest and longest-running sailing regattas in the world. Fibreglass playthings and vintage sailboats line Cowes' waterfronts, which are lopped into East and West Cowes by the River Medina; a chain ferry shuttles regularly between the two (foot passengers free, cars £2). The island's capital, Newport, is 5 miles south. 1Sights oOsborne HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-200022; www.english-heritage.org.uk; York Ave, East Cowes; adult/child £14/8; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct; p) Lemon-frosted and Italianate, Osborne House is pure Victorian pomp. Built in the 1840s at the behest of Queen Victoria, the monarch grieved here for many years after her husband's death. Extravagant rooms include the opulent Royal Apartments and Durbar Room; other highlights are horse and carriage rides, the Swiss Cottage – where the royal ankle-biters would play – and the stroll down Rhododendron Walk to Her Majesty's private beach. Carisbrooke CastleCASTLE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-522107; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Castle Hill, Newport; adult/child £8/5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct; p) Charles I was imprisoned here before his execution in 1649. Today you can clamber the sturdy ramparts and play bowls on the very green the doomed monarch used. 4Sleeping onefiftycowesB&B ( %07795 296399; www.onefiftycowes.co.uk; 150 Park Rd, West Cowes; s £60-70, d £85-95; p W) Modern art dots the walls, sea-smoothed pebbles are scattered around – this is a crisp, contemporary B&B with beautifully turned-out rooms. Two overlook the water; the pick is top-floor Solent, which comes with mini binoculars to help you drink in those sea views. FountainHOTEL ( %01983-292397; www.fountaininn-cowes.co.uk; High St, West Cowes; s £40-100, d £50-110; W) Georgian-repro style rules at this appealing harbourside inn, where mock-flock wallpaper and old, wooden furniture define comfy rooms; number 15 has prime views of the bustling quay. The snug bar and sunny terrace are top places to sample pints and pub-grub classics (mains £9; open noon to 10pm). ### Ryde to Shanklin The nippiest foot-passenger ferries between Wight and Portsmouth alight in **Ryde** , a workaday Victorian town rich in the trappings of the British seaside. Next come the cutesy village of **Brading** , with its fine Roman villa; photogenic **Bembridge Harbour** , fringed by sandy beaches; and the twin resort towns of **Sandown** and **Shanklin** , boasting promenades and hordes of families wielding buckets and spades. The area also features unique places to sleep – including a decommissioned warship and vintage Airstream trailers. 1Sights Brading Roman VillaRUIN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-406223; www.bradingromanvilla.org.uk; Morton Old Rd, Brading; adult/child £6.50/3.75; h9.30am-5pm) The exquisitely preserved mosaics here (including a famous cockerel-headed man) make this one of the finest Romano-British sites in the UK. Wooden walkways lead over rubble walls and brightly painted tiles, allowing you to gaze right down onto the ruins below. St Helens DuverNATURE RESERVE (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; h24hr; p) At this idyllic sand-and-shingle spit bordering the mouth of the River Yar, trails snake past swaths of sea pink, marram grass and rare clovers. It's signed from the village of St Helens, near Bembridge Harbour. 4Sleeping oVintage VacationsCAMPSITE ( %07802-758113; www.vintagevacations.co.uk; Ashey, near Ryde; 4-person caravans per week £460-680; hApr-Oct; p) The bevy of 1960s Airstream trailers on this farm are vintage chic personified. The gleaming aluminium shells shelter lovingly selected furnishings ranging from cheerful patchwork blankets to vivid tea cosies. Alternatively, opt for a beach-shack retreat, a 1930s Scout Hut or the Mission: a late-Victorian tin chapel. Xoron FloatelB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-874596; www.xoronfloatel.co.uk; Bembridge Harbour; d £70; p) A truly unique spot to drop off – this former WWII gunboat is now a cheery, bunting-draped houseboat. Comfy cabins come complete with tiny bathrooms, while the harbour views from the flower-framed sun deck are simply superb. TownhouseB&B ( %07703 171365; www.thetownhouseryde.co.uk; 1 Monkton St, Ryde; d £70-90; W) Swish and quirky sums up the Townhouse; expect smoothly stylish furnishings, brass bedsteads, and a fireside roll-top bath in the poshest room. Breakfast is available until 1.30pm (gasp!), and is either in a nearby, seafront cafe, or is a bacon sandwich delivered to your room. 5Eating Pilot BoatINN ( %01983-872077; www.thepilotboatinn.com; Station Rd, Bembridge; mains £9; hnoon-2pm & 6-8pm; p W) It's a good sign when customers can just sit down and play the pub's piano and guitars – a convivial atmosphere added to by a log-burner, ships' flags and quality homemade grub (think local crab salad and big bowls of chilli). Meanwhile, the spic-and-span bedrooms (doubles £90) are attractively nautically themed. Black SheepBAR (www.theblacksheepbar.co.uk; 53 Union St, Ryde; tapas £5-7; h10am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) Fancy sitting on a sunny terrace, sipping an Isle of Wight-brewed beer and eating tapas-style treats – perhaps chargrilled chorizo or buffalo mozzarella with honey and thyme? Then join the cool crowd at this elegant lounge club, with its art-deco vibe. #### WORTH A TRIP ### STEEPHILL COVE Steephill Cove's tiny, sandy beach is fringed by buildings that range from stone cottages to rickety-looking shacks. Beach finds festoon porches dotted with driftwood furniture and draped with fishing nets; a tiny clapper-board **lighthouse** presides over the scene. That lighthouse is let out as a fabulous self-catering apartment sleeping six. Two atmospheric places to eat, the Boathouse and the Crab Shed, add to the appeal. Steephill Cove is 1 mile west of Ventnor and is off-limits to cars. Walk from the nearby Botanical Gardens, or hike from the hillside car park 200m west of Ventnor Esplanade, then follow the (sometimes steep) coast path until you arrive. ### Ventnor & Around Pop 6300 The Victorian town of Ventnor slaloms so steeply down the island's southern coast that it feels like the south of France. The winding streets are home to a scattering of boutiques, while local hotels, eateries and the atmospheric Steephill Cove are well worth a detour. To the west, the island's southernmost point is marked by the stocky 19th-century **St Catherine's Lighthouse** and its 14th-century counterpart, **St Catherine's Oratory**. Nearby, kid-friendly Blackgang Chine Fun Park ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-730330; www.blackgangchine.com; admission £17; h10am-5pm Apr-Jul, to 6pm Aug, to 4pm Sep-Mar) features water gardens, animated shows and a hedge maze. 4Sleeping oLighthouseAPARTMENT ( %07801 899 747; www.theboathouse-steephillcove.co.uk; Steephill Cove; 6 people per week £1400-1850) This is the sea-view sleep spot of your dreams. A white, two-storey, clapperboard lighthouse where the style is pure New England beach chic and the setting is right beside the shore. Lie in bed watching the waves, take a few steps to the beach to swim in the sea, stroll out to dine on your private deck. Heavenly. The same people run a house (sleeping six, £700 to £1400 per week) and the romantic, two-person Crow's Nest (£350 to £550) nearby. St Augustine VillaB&B (Harbour View; %01983-852285; www.harbourviewhotel.co.uk; Esplanade, Ventnor; s £94, d £88-103; p W) Country house collectibles dot this Italianate Victorian villa, wing-backed chairs sit in stately bedrooms and rich red fabrics frame sea views. And what views: watch the sun set from your sofa or the waves roll from your four-poster bed. The window-seated Tower Room sees light pour in from three sides. HambroughBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01983-856333; www.thehambrough.com; Hambrough Rd, Ventnor; d £190-280; p W) It's hard to say which is better: the 180-degree vistas out to sea, or the super-sleek rooms where espresso machines and heated floors keep luxury levels set sky-high. 5Eating Crab ShedCAFE (Steephill Cove; snacks £5; hnoon-3pm Apr-Sep) Lobster pots and fishing boats line the slipway outside a shack that's a riot of sea-smoothed spas, cork floats and faded buoys. Irresistible treats include meaty crab salads, mackerel ciabatta and crumbly crab pasties. oBoathouseSEAFOOD ( %01983-852747; www.theboathouse-steephillcove.co.uk; Steephill Cove; mains £18-35; hnoon-3pm Thu-Tue late-May–early-Sep) Arrive early enough, and you'll see Steephill Cove's fishermen (Jimmy and Mark) landing your lunch – the sanded wooden tables here are just steps from the sea. It makes a spellbinding spot to sip chilled wine, sample succulent lobster and revel in Wight's new-found driftwood chic. Book. Pond CafeMODERN BRITISH ( %01983-855666; www.thehambrough.com; Bonchurch; mains £15; h10.30am-3pm & 6-9.30pm Thu-Mon) Chef Joanne Bennetts loves giving prime Isle of Wight ingredients Italian twists; perhaps roast local pigeon with pancetta, parmesan-flecked island beef carpaccio, or the day's catch with cannellini bean mash. Canny locals book a terrace table for a set lunch or early evening meal (two/three courses £18/22). Ale & OysterBISTRO, BAR (www.thealeandoyster.co.uk; The Esplanade, Ventnor; £8-22; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sun) Modern takes on pub and bistro standards include monkfish scampi and chips, ham-hock terrine with poached egg, and oozing Isle of Wight cheeses. ### West Wight Rural and remote, Wight's westerly corner is where the island really comes into its own. Sheer white cliffs rear from a surging sea as the stunning coastline peels west to Alum Bay and the most famous chunks of chalk in the region: the **Needles**. These jagged rocks rise, shard-like out of the sea, looking like the backbone of a prehistoric sea monster. West Wight is also home to arguably the isle's best beach: sandy, windswept **Compton Bay**. 1Sights oNeedles Old & New BatteryFORT (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01983-754772; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; The Needles; adult/child £5.30/2.65; h11am-4pm mid-Mar–Oct) The Victorian fort complex at the Isle of Wight's western tip houses two gun emplacements where engrossing displays convey how the site was established in 1862, served in two world wars and then became a secret Cold War rocket-testing base. Walk to the battery along the cliffs from Alum Bay (1 mile) or hop on the tourist bus (www.islandbuses.info; per 24hr adult/child £10/5; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Sep) that runs twice-hourly between battery and bay. The whiff of gunpowder seems to linger still at **Old Battery** : shells and powder kegs lie around, uniforms hang on pegs. You get to pinpoint ships' positions with the rangefinders, then scramble down an ornate spiral staircase, along an echoey 60m tunnel to a searchlight post with close-up views of the eroded cliffs. In the 1950s the batteries staged top-secret trials of Black Knight rockets, built at East Cowes, that were later used to launch Cold War surveillance satellites into space from Australia. In the tiny underground bunker at **New Battery** , exhibits evoke how this remote location and the existing fortifications proved ideal for keeping clandestine activities away from prying eyes. TTours Needles Pleasure CruisesBOAT TOUR ( %01983-761587; www.needlespleasurecruises.co.uk; Alum Bay; adult/child £5.50/3.50; h10.30am-4.30pm Apr-Oct) Twenty-minute voyages run half hourly from Alum Bay beach to the towering Needles chalk stacks, providing close-up views of those soaring white cliffs. 4Sleeping oReally GreenCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07802 678591; www.thereallygreenholidaycompany.com; Blackbridge Rd, Freshwater Bay; yurt per week £375-700; hApr-Oct; p) S Roughing it has never been so smooth. The two- to five-person, fully furnished yurts on this tree-shaded site feature four-poster beds, futons, wood-burning stoves and time-worn antiques. It's set amid secluded fields with river views, and a local farm shop-cum-deli is just a few minutes' walk away. Totland Bay YHAHOSTEL ( %01983-752165; www.yha.org.uk; Hirst Hill, Totland Bay; dm/d £17/22; p) Creaking, cheerfully run Victorian house with a maximum of eight beds per room and staff happy to share local info. ## Dorset Holiday hot spot Dorset offers a checklist of charms. Its shoreline is one of Britain's best, boasting the Jurassic Coast – a World Heritage Site flecked with sea-carved bays, crumbly cliffs and beaches loaded with fossilised souvenirs. No wonder the swimming, kayaking and hiking here are truly memorable. Inland Thomas Hardy's lyrical landscape serves up vast Iron Age hill forts, rude chalk figures, fairy-tale castles and must-see stately homes. Then there are resorts packed with party animals, golden beaches much loved by multi-millionaires, and Olympic-class sailing waters. Really, Dorset is worth adding to your list. 8Information Visit Dorset (www.visit-dorset.com) The county's official tourism website. 8Getting Around One main train line runs from Bristol and Bath through Dorchester West to Weymouth. The other connects London with Weymouth, via Southampton, Bournemouth, Poole and Dorchester South. FirstBUS (www.firstgroup.com) Runs key bus routes linking the main towns. More BUS (Wilts & Dorset; www.morebus.co.uk) Key bus operator in Bournemouth, Poole and surrounding rural areas. ### Bournemouth Pop 186,700 If one thing has shaped Bournemouth it's the beach. This glorious, 7-mile strip of soft sand first drew holiday-makers in the Victorian days. Today the resort attracts both grey-haired coach parties and boozed-up stag parties – on Saturday nights fancy-dress is everywhere; angels in L-plates meet men in mankinis. But Bournemouth is more than just a full-on party town. It also boasts some hip hideaways, great restaurants, tempting water sports, and in Boscombe, 2 miles east of the centre, a suburb with a cool urban-surfer vibe. 1Sights & Activities Bournemouth BeachBEACH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) Bournemouth's sandy shoreline regularly clocks up seaside awards. It stretches from Southborne in the far east to Alum Chine in the west – an immense promenade backed by 3000 deckchairs, ornamental gardens, kids' playgrounds and cafes. The resort also has two piers. Around **Bournemouth Pier** you can hire brightly painted beach huts ( %0845 055 0968; www.bournemouthbeachhuts.co.uk; per day/week £36/145), deckchairs (per day £2.50), windbreaks (£3) and parasols (£4.50). Boscombe Pier is a focus for water sports. East Cliff Lift RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-451781; Undercliff Dr; adult/child £1.25/85p; hEaster-Oct) These box-like passenger cars on rails whiz up bracken-covered slopes. First built in 1908, the system cuts out the short, steep hike up the zigzag paths from the seafront promenade to the road above. Alum ChineGARDENS (Mountbatten Rd; h24hr) Bournemouth's 1920s heyday is beautifully evoked at a subtropical enclave containing plants from the Canary Islands, New Zealand, Mexico and the Himalayas; their bright-red bracts, silver thistles and purple flowers are set against a glittering sea. Its 1.5 miles west of Bournemouth Pier. Russell-CotesMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-451858; www.russell-cotes.bournemouth.gov.uk; Russell-Cotes Rd; adult/child £5/4; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) Ostentation oozes from almost every inch of this arresting structure – a mash up of Italianate villa and Scottish Baronial pile. It was built at the end of the 1800s for Merton and Annie Russell-Cotes as somewhere to showcase the remarkable range of souvenirs gathered on their world travels. Look out for a plaster version of the Parthenon frieze, Maori woodcarvings and Persian tiles. Paintings include those by Rossetti, Edwin Landseer and William Frith. Sorted WatersportsWATER SPORTS ( %01202-300668; www.sortedsurfschool.co.uk; Overstrand Bldg, Undercliff Dr) From its base beside Boscombe Pier, Sorted runs lessons in surfing (per two hours adult/child £30/25) and stand-up paddleboarding (per two hours £30). It also hires out wetsuits (two/eight hours £10/30), surfboards (two/eight hours £10/30), stand-up paddleboards (one/two hours £15/20) and kayaks (one/four hours £15/45). Coastal Activity ParkOUTDOORS (www.coastalactivitypark.co.uk; Boscombe Promenade) Still in development at time of writing, this 1-mile-long cluster of activities is set to bring bouldering, slacklining, snorkelling, beach volleyball, beach football, table tennis and gym machines to the Boscombe shore. 4Sleeping Bournemouth BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-299491; www.bournemouthbackpackers.co.uk; 3 Frances Rd; dm/d £18/33; p W) Three- to six-bed dorms in a suburban house dotted with travellers' totems – one wall is lined with chocolate bar wrappers from around the world. It's for non-UK citizens only; reservations by email, or by phone: 5pm to 7pm Sunday. oB&B By The BeachB&B ( %01202-433632; www.bedandbreakfastbythebeach.co.uk; 7 Burtley Rd; d £88-92; p W) Gorgeous rooms, fruit-packed breakfasts and charming, quick-to-laugh owners make this light-filled B&B one of the best in town. Bright, fresh bedrooms sport white shutters and subtle seaside themes, while the sunny patio is perfect for breakfast waffles or a slice of homemade cake. Mory HouseB&B ( %01202-433553; www.moryhouse.co.uk; 31 Grand Ave; s £50-65, d £72-93, f from £108; p W) There's a delightful air of calm at Mory, where stained glass and an elegant stairwell hint at the house's Edwardian age. The pick of the contemporary bedrooms is no 3, where a pint-sized balcony is an ideal spot to nibble one of the cookies and sweets you'll find scattered around. AmarilloB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-553884; www.amarillohotel.co.uk; 52 Frances Rd; s £30-35, d £60-70; p W) Amarillo's smart, stylish rooms remain ridiculously good value; expect jazzy wallpaper, snazzy throws and subtle lighting. oUrban BeachBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01202-301509; www.urbanbeach.co.uk; 23 Argyll Rd; s £72, d £100-145; p i W) Still the slumber-spot of choice for Bournemouth's hip visitors, Urban Beach revels in a 'no worries' air that sees free loans of wellingtons, umbrellas and DVDs. Bold black, dark grey and deep brown colour schemes define bedrooms, while the decked terrace is full of dudes tucking into fare from the upscale bistro (open 8am to 10pm). 5Eating oUrban ReefBISTRO, BAR ( %01202-443960; www.urbanreef.com; Undercliff Dr, Boscombe; mains £7-35; h8am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun; W) On sunny weekends a cool crowd is queuing out the door at funky Urban Reef. No wonder: a waterfront deck and balcony, punchy coffee, top-notch snacks and quality, sustainable restaurant fare. On stormy days snuggle down beside the log burner and listen to the sound of the sea. West BeachSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-587785; www.west-beach.co.uk; Pier Approach; mains £13-40; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) The seafood and setting are hard to beat – bag a chair on the decked terrace jutting out over the sand, watch the waves lap Bournemouth Pier and tuck into perfectly cooked, perfectly fresh fish; perhaps plaice braised in cider or a shellfish platter piled high with oysters, langoustines, cockles and clams. Reef EncounterBISTRO, BAR (www.reef-encounter.com; 42 Sea Rd, Boscombe; mains £7-15; h11am-10pm, from 9am Sat & Sun; W) Big squishy sofas, rough wood walls, a mellow soundtrack and a sea-view terrace give this chilled-out eatery a surf-bar vibe. Graze your way through a meat, fish or veggie platter, or just sit alfresco, sipping a tall, cool beer, watching the waves. 6Drinking & Nightlife Most of the main entertainment venues are clustered around Firvale Rd, St Peter's Rd and Old Christchurch Rd. The gay scene kicks off around the Triangle. Sixty Million PostcardsPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sixtymillionpostcards.com; 19 Exeter Rd; hnoon-midnight Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) An oasis of pure funkiness amid drinks-promotion Bournemouth, Sixty Million draws a decidedly beatnik crowd. Worn wooden floors and fringed lampshades frame events encompassing DJ sets, live music (think indie-pop and punk grunge) and musical bingo. Old FirestationCLUB (www.oldfirestation.co.uk; 36 Holdernhurst Rd; hThu-Sat 10pm-3am) Mixes gigs, club nights and student parties; music takes in D&B, dubstep, electro and old skool. 8Information Rio Internet CafeINTERNET ( %01202-312021; 130 Commercial Rd; per hr £1.80; h9am-7pm) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08450-511700; www.bournemouth.co.uk; Westover Rd; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun, closed Sun Nov-Feb) 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Morebus Zone A Dayrider** (adult/child £4.10/3.60) Gives a day's unlimited travel in much of Poole, Bournemouth and neighbouring Christchurch. Direct National Express routes include: A **Bristol** (£20, four hours, one service Monday to Saturday) A **London** (£23, 2½ hours, half-hourly) A **Oxford** (£22, three hours, three daily) A **Southampton** (£7, 50 minutes, hourly) Local buses: A **Poole** (£2, 25 minutes, every 15 minutes) Bus M1/M2. A **Salisbury** (£6.30, 1¼ hours, at least hourly) Bus X3. Train Destinations include Dorchester South (£12, 45 minutes, hourly), London Waterloo (£20, 2¾ hours, half-hourly), Poole (£4, 12 minutes, half-hourly) and Weymouth (£15, one hour, hourly). ### Poole Pop 148,600 In the quaint old port of Poole there's a whiff of money in the air: the town borders Sandbanks, a gorgeous beach backed by some of the world's most expensive chunks of real estate. Big bucks aside, Poole also boasts excellent eateries and is the springboard for water sports and some irresistible boat trips. 1Sights Brownsea IslandISLAND (NT; %01202-707744; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £6/3; h10am-5pm late-Mar–Oct) On this small, wooded island in the middle of Poole Harbour trails weave through heath and woods, past peacocks, red squirrels, red deer and a wealth of bird life – the water-framed views onto the Isle of Purbeck are stunning. Free guided walks (at 11.30am and 2pm) focus on the wartime island, smugglers and pirates. Boats, run by Brownsea Island Ferries ( %01929-62383; www.brownseaislandferries.com; h10am-5pm late-Mar–Oct), leave from Poole Quay (adult/child return £10/6) and Sandbanks (adult/child return £6/4.50) half-hourly. Brownsea also played a key role in a global movement famous for three-fingered salutes, shorts and toggles – Lord Baden-Powell staged the first ever scout camp here in 1907. Poole Old TownHISTORIC SITE Poole Quay's attractive historic buildings include the Tudor **King Charles pub** on Thames St; the cream **Old Harbour Office** (1820s) next door; and the impressive red-brick **Custom House** (1813) opposite, complete with Union Jack and gilded coat of arms. The tourist office sells the _Poole Cockle Trail_ guide to the old town (30p). Waterfront MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-262600; www.boroughofpoole.com/museums; 4 High St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) F The building alone is worth seeing – a beautifully restored 15th-century warehouse. The star exhibit though is a 2300-year-old **Iron Age logboat** dredged up from Poole Harbour. At 10m long and 14 tonnes, it's the largest to be found in southern Britain and probably carried 18 people. It was hand-chiselled from a single tree; millennia later you can still see the blade marks in the wood. SandbanksBEACH A 2-mile, wafer-thin peninsula of land that curls around the expanse of Poole Harbour, Sandbanks is studded with some of the most expensive houses in the world. But the white-sand beaches that border them are free, and have some of the best water quality standards in the country. They're also home to a host of water-sports operators. Brownsea Island Ferries shuttle between Poole Quay and Sandbanks (adult/child return £10/6). ### WATER SPORTS – POOLE HARBOUR Poole Harbour's sheltered coasts may inspire you to get on the water. Operators cluster near the start of the Sandbanks peninsula. Pool Harbour WatersportsWATER SPORTS ( %01202-700503; www.pooleharbour.co.uk; 284 Sandbanks Rd) This operator does lessons in stand-up paddleboarding (SUP; per two hours £40), windsurfing (per three hours £45) and kitesurfing (per day £99), plus memorable kayak and SUP tours (per three hours £40). FC WatersportsWATER SPORTS ( %01202-707757; www.fcwatersports.co.uk; 19 Banks Rd, Sandbanks) Provides kitesurfing lessons (per day £99). Watersports AcademyWATER SPORTS ( %01202-708283; www.thewatersportsacademy.com; Banks Rd) Offers kitesurfing lessons, and also runs windsurfer taster sessions (per hour £25), plus sailing courses (per two hours/days £55/165) and wakeboarding and water-skiing (per 15 minutes £20). 4Sleeping CorkersB&B ( %01202-681393; www.corkers.co.uk; 1 High St; s £61-77, d £83-94; W) The decor may be unremarkable, but this neat 'n' tidy B&B punches way above its weight, thanks to a setting right on bustling Poole Quay and the tiny harbour-view roof terrace attached to the Brownsea and Purbeck rooms. QuaysideB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-683733; www.poolequayside.co.uk; 9 High St; s £35-50, d £60-80, f £80; W) Snug rooms in pine and bright, blocky prints in the heart of the old harbour. Merchant HouseBOUTIQUE B&B ( %01202-661474; www.themerchanthouse.org.uk; 10 Strand St; s £100, d £140-180) Tucked just one street back from the water's edge, tall, red-brick Merchant House is boutiquery at its best. Hefty wood sculptures, wicker rocking chairs and crisp linen ensure it's stylish; the odd teddy bear keeps it cheery too. 5Eating StormSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-674970; www.stormfish.co.uk; 16 High St; mains £16-20; h6-10pm Mon-Sat) Ah, Storm – they've been cooking up one here since 1991 and it's still just as good. Dishes depend on what fisherman-owner, Pete, has caught; it might be intense Goan fish curry, buttery local plaice or fragrant local clams steamed in white wine. They also open some summer lunchtimes; call to check. Poole ArmsPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.poolearms.co.uk; The Quay; mains £9-16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-8.30pm) The grub at this ancient pub is strong on locally landed seafood – try the homemade fish pie, local crab or pan-fried herring roe. Order some New Forest beer, then settle down in the snug wood-lined bar with the locals, or on the terrace overlooking the quay. oGuildhall TavernFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01202-671717; www.guildhalltavern.co.uk; 15 Market St; mains £20, 2-course lunch/dinner £15/22; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-10pm Tue-Sat; v) Poole's top table consistently delights as it transforms local ingredients with pure French flair. Try the chargrilled whole sea bass flambéed with Pernod or the superb-value set menus, where double-baked cheese soufflé and beef bourguignon are followed by _crepe au chocolat_ and perfectly ripe cheese. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 234 5560; www.pooletourism.com; Poole Quay; h10am-5pm, to 6pm July & Aug, closed Sun Nov-Apr) 8Getting There & Around Boat Brittany FerriesFERRY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 244 0744; www.brittany-ferries.com) Sails between Poole and Cherbourg in France (4½ hours, one daily). Summer return prices range from around £80 for foot passengers to £320 for a car and two adults. Sandbanks FerryFERRY ( %01929-450203; www.sandbanksferry.co.uk; per pedestrian/car £1/3.50; h7am-11pm) Makes the four-minute trip from Sandbanks to Studland every 20 minutes. It's a short cut from Poole to Swanage, Wareham and the Isle of Purbeck, but the summer queues can be a pain. Bus A **Bournemouth** (£2, 25 minutes, every 15 minutes) Bus M1/M2. A **London Victoria** (£20, 2¾ hours, every two hours) National Express. A **Sandbanks** (£3.40, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) Bus 52. Taxi Dial-a-CabTAXI ( %01202-666822; www.pooletaxis.co.uk) Train A **Bournemouth** (£4, 12 minutes, half-hourly) A **Dorchester South** (£10, 30 minutes, hourly) A **London Waterloo** (£25, 2¾ hours, half-hourly) A **Weymouth** (£14, 45 minutes, hourly) ### Southeast Dorset With its string of glittering bays and towering rock formations, the southeast of Dorset can claim the county's most beautiful shores. Also known as the 'Isle' of Purbeck (although it's a peninsula), it's also the start of the Jurassic Coast and the scenery and geology, especially around Lulworth Cove, make swimming irresistible and hiking memorable. The hinterland harbours the immense, fairy-tale ruins of Corfe Castle, while Wareham sheds light on the mysterious figure of Lawrence of Arabia. ### JURASSIC COAST The kind of massive, hands-on geology lesson you wish you had at school, the Jurassic Coast is England's first natural World Heritage Site, putting it on a par with the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon. This striking shoreline stretches from Exmouth in East Devon to Swanage in Dorset, encompassing 185 million years of the earth's history in just 95 miles. It means you can walk, in just a few hours, many millions of years in geological time. It began when layers of rocks formed, their varying compositions determined by different climates: desert-like conditions gave way to higher then lower sea levels. Massive earth movements then tilted all the rock layers, forcing most of the oldest formations to the west, and the youngest to the east. Next, erosion exposed the different strata. The differences are very tangible. Devon's rusty-red Triassic rocks are 200–250 million years old. Lyme Regis' fossil-rich, dark-clay Jurassic cliffs are 190 million years old. Pockets of much younger, creamy-coloured Cretaceous rocks (a mere 140–65 million years old) pop up, notably around Lulworth Cove, where erosion has sculpted a stunning display of bays, stacks and rock arches. The coast's website (www.jurassiccoast.com) is a great information source; also look out locally for the highly readable _Official Guide to the Jurassic Coast_ (£4.95), or buy it at www.jurassiccoasttrust.org. #### Wareham & Around Pop 5492 Saxons established the sturdy settlement of Wareham beside the River Frome in the 10th century, and their legacy lingers in the remaining defensive walls and one of Dorset's last remaining Saxon churches. Wareham is also famous for its links to the enigmatic TE Lawrence, the British soldier immortalised in the 1962 David Lean epic _Lawrence of Arabia_. 1Sights oClouds HillHOUSE (NT; %01929-405616; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; near Bovington; adult/child £5.50/2.50; h11am-5pm Wed-Sun mid-Mar–Oct; p) The tiny cottage that was home to TE Lawrence (1888–1935) provides a compelling insight into a complex man. The British soldier became legendary after working with Arab tribes against Turkish forces in WWI. Look out for Lawrence's evocative desert campaign photos, his French crusader castle sketches and the desk where he abridged _Seven Pillars of Wisdom_. The four idiosyncratic rooms include a surprisingly comfortable cork-lined bathroom, an aluminium foil–lined bunk room and a heavily beamed music room. The house is much as Lawrence left it – he died at the age of 46 after a motorbike accident on a nearby road. St Martin's on the WallsCHURCH (North St, Wareham; h9am-5pm) This 11th-century church features a 12th-century fresco on the northern wall, and a marble effigy of TE Lawrence. If it's locked during normal shop hours, get the key from Joy's Outfitters in North St. Monkey WorldZOO ( %01929-462537; www.monkeyworld.co.uk; Longthorns; adult/child £12/8.50; h10am-5pm, to 6pm Jul & Aug; p) An appealing sanctuary for rescued chimpanzees, orang-utans, gibbons, marmosets and some utterly adorable ring-tailed lemurs. 4Sleeping & Eating Red LionINN ( %01929-550099; www.redlionwareham.co.uk; 1 North St, Wareham; d £90-115; p) Gorgeous, elegant and full of fancy touches, the supremely stylish makeover of this old inn sees vast rooms sport brass bedsteads, sweet armchairs and wind-up alarm clocks. The menu (mains £6 to £16, kitchen open noon to 8pm) spans Dorset pâté to Sunday roast. AngleburyINN ( %01929-408094; www.angleburyhouse.co.uk; 15 North St; s/d/f £50/75/95) In an inn that's more than 450 years old you expect a bit of atmosphere, and that's just what you get. A creaking, twisting staircase leading to sedate, traditionally styled bedrooms, and dark wood and beams galore in the bar. 8Information Purbeck Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01929-552740; www.visitswanageandpurbeck.com; South St, Wareham; h9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Rail links include London Waterloo (£25, 2½ hours, half-hourly) and Weymouth (£10, 30 minutes, half-hourly). Bus 40 runs hourly north to Poole (£4.90, 35 minutes) and south to Swanage (£4.90, 30 minutes) via Corfe Castle (£4, 15 minutes). Bus 104 goes to Lulworth (£4.90, 35 minutes, two daily, Monday to Saturday). #### Corfe Castle The massive, shattered ruins of Corfe Castle loom so dramatically from the landscape it's like blundering into a film set. The defensive fragments tower over an equally photogenic village, which bears the castle's name and makes for a romantic spot for a meal or an overnight stay. 1Sights oCorfe CastleCASTLE (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01929-481294; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; The Square; adult/child £8/4; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) The startling, fractured battlements of one of Dorset's most iconic landmarks were once home to Sir John Bankes, Charles I's right-hand man. The Civil War saw the castle besieged by Cromwellian forces; in 1646 the plucky Lady Bankes directed a six-week defence and the castle fell only after being betrayed from within. The Roundheads then gunpowdered Corfe Castle apart; today turrets and soaring walls still sheer off at precarious angles, while the splayed-out gatehouse looks like it's just been blown up. Swanage Steam RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01929-425800; www.swanagerailway.co.uk; adult/child return £11.50/7; hdaily Apr-Oct, Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Vintage steam trains run (roughly hourly) between Swanage and Norden (25 minutes), stopping at Corfe Castle. 4Sleeping & Eating AmmoniteB&B ( %01929-480188; www.ammonite-corfecastle.co.uk; 88 West St; s £55, d £65-75; p W) The pleasing bedrooms at this tranquil edge-of-village B&B feature pastels and pine, while the Aga-cooked breakfast includes local eggs, homemade jams and crusty bread from Corfe Castle's bakery. OliversB&B ( %01929-477111; www.oliverscorfecastle.com; 5 West St; s £75-85, d £85-95) Tucked away in the heart of the old village in a charismatic street, Olivers combines honey-coloured beams with 21st-century chic: brown leather armchairs, tree silhouette wallpaper and chunky wood furniture – stylish, restful, great-value rooms. Castle InnPUB (www.castleinncorfe.com; 63 East St; mains £10-17; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-9pm Sun; v) The locals' choice. Prepare to dine beside flagstone floors and ancient beams festooned with fairy lights on tasty pub classics, plus some surprises: try the sea bass given a kick by smoked paprika, or the chickpea stew. 8Getting There & Away Bus 40 shuttles hourly between Poole, Wareham, Corfe Castle and Swanage. The 15-minute trip to Wareham costs £4. #### Lulworth Cove & Around Pop 740 South of Corfe Castle the coast steals the show. For millions of years the elements have been creating an intricate shoreline of curved bays, caves, stacks and weirdly wonderful rock formations – most notably the massive natural arch at Durdle Door. At charismatic Lulworth Cove, a pleasing jumble of thatched cottages and fishing gear leads down to a perfect crescent of white cliffs. 1Sights & Activities oDurdle DoorLANDMARK The poster-boy of Dorset's Jurassic Coast, this immense, sea-fringed, 150-million-year-old Portland stone arch was created by a combination of massive earth movements and erosion. Today it's framed by shimmering bays; bring a swimsuit and head down the hundreds of steps for an unforgettable dip. You can park at the top of the cliffs, but it's best to hike the coast path from Lulworth Cove (1 mile), passing the delightfully named **Lulworth Crumple** , where layers of rock form dramatically zigzagging folds. Lulworth CastleCASTLE (EH; %01929-400352; www.lulworth.com; East Lulworth; adult/child £5/3; h10.30am-5pm Sun-Fri, to 4pm Nov-Mar) A confection in creamy, dreamy white, this baronial pile looks more like a French chateau than a traditional English castle. Built in 1608 as a hunting lodge, it's survived extravagant owners, extensive remodelling and a disastrous fire in 1929. It has been extensively restored – check out the reconstructed kitchen and cellars, then climb the tower for sweeping coastal views. It costs £3 to park. Lulworth Cove Heritage CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01929-400587; www.lulworth.com; main car park, Lulworth Cove; h10am-5pm) Excellent displays outline how geology and erosion have combined to shape the area's remarkable shoreline. Staff can advise about walks too. oJurassic Coast ActivitiesKAYAKING ( %01305-835301; www.jurassiccoastactivities.co.uk; Lulworth Cove; per person £50; hup to 3 tours daily) This unmissable, three-hour paddle offers jaw-dropping views of Dorset's heavily eroded coast. Starting at Lulworth Cove, you glide through Stair Hole's caves and stacks, across Man O'War Bay then under the stone arch at Durdle Door, stopping for swims and picnics along the way. 4Sleeping & Eating Lulworth YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9331; www.yha.org.uk; School Lane, West Lulworth; dm £18-23; p) Hills stretch up behind and sheep bleat outside at this cosy, chalet-style, edge-of-village hostel. Durdle Door Holiday ParkCAMPSITE ( %01929-400200; www.lulworth.com; sites £25-35; hMar-Oct; p) Spacious site, just minutes from the creamy cliffs and 1.5 miles west of Lulworth Cove. oLulworth CoveINN ( %01929-400333; www.lulworth-coveinn.co.uk; Main Rd, Lulworth Cove; d £110-120; p W) Prepare for a vision of driftwood chic – whitewashed floorboards, aquamarine panels, painted wicker chairs and roll-topped baths. It's on the lane leading down to the cove, so add cracking sea views, a mini roof terrace and top-quality gastropub grub (mains £8 to £14, kitchen open noon to 9pm) and you have an irresistible inn. Cove HouseB&B ( %01929-400137; www.covehouse.net; Main Rd, West Lulworth; s £80-95, d £80-100; p) Fragrant, calm, pristine rooms set amid West Lulworth's soaring hills. Cove FishSEAFOOD ( %01929-400807; Lulworth Cove; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun Easter-Oct, Sat & Sun Nov-Easter) The seafood piled high in this shed by the path to the beach has been caught by ninth-generation fisherman Joe. Bag a fish kebab for the BBQ, or settle at the wobbly table and tuck into Lulworth Cove crab – a meal that's travelled food yards not miles. 6Drinking & Nightlife oCastlePUB (www.thecastleinn-lulworthcove.co.uk; West Lulworth; hnoon-10pm; W) A head-spinning array of 40-plus ciders make this thatched pub a magnet for fans of the golden elixir. From quaffable Bumble Berry (4%) to epic Old Rosie (7.3%), this 'permanent cider festival' thoughtfully offers sampler trays (three different thirds of a pint) to help you get through a few. 8Getting There & Away Bus 104 links Lulworth with Wareham (£4.90, 35 minutes, two daily, Monday to Saturday). ### Dorchester & Around Pop 19,143 With Dorchester, you get two towns in one: a real-life, bustling county town and Thomas Hardy's fictional Casterbridge. The Victorian writer was born nearby and his literary locations can still be found among Dorchester's white- and red-brick Georgian terraces. Here you can also visit Hardy's former homes and see his original manuscripts. Add cracking archaeological sites and attractive places to eat and sleep and you have an appealing base for a night or two. 1Sights Thomas Hardy fans will want to hunt down the _Mayor of Casterbridge_ locations hidden among modern Dorchester. They include **Lucetta's House** , a grand Georgian affair with ornate door posts in Trinity St, while in parallel South St, a red-brick, mid-18th-century building (now a bank) is named as the inspiration for the **house of the mayor** himself. The tourist office sells book location guides. oDorset County MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-262735; www.dorsetcountymuseum.org; High West St; adult/child £6.35/3.60; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Nov-Mar) The Thomas Hardy collection here is the world's largest, offering extraordinary insights into his creative process. Reading Hardy's cramped handwriting, you can see where he's crossed out one word and substituted another. There's also an atmospheric reconstruction of his study at Max Gate and a letter in which Siegfried Sassoon requests permission to dedicate his first book of poems to Hardy. In other collections, Jurassic Coast fossil exhibits feature a huge ichthyosaur and 6ft plesiosaur fore paddle. Bronze and Iron Age finds from Maiden Castle include a treasure trove of coins and neck rings, while Roman artefacts include 70 gold coins, nail cleaners and (toe-curling) ear picks. Max GateHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-262538; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Alington Ave; adult/child £5.50/2.50; h11am-5pm Wed-Sun mid-Mar–Oct; p) Novelist Thomas Hardy was a trained architect and designed this attractive house, where he lived from 1885 until his death in 1928. _Tess of the D'Urbervilles_ and _Jude the Obscure_ were both written here, and the house contains several pieces of original furniture. It's a mile east of Dorchester, on the A352. Hardy's CottageHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-262366; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £5.50/2.50; h11am-5pm Wed-Sun mid-Mar–Oct; p) This picturesque cob-and-thatch house is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy and features evocative, sparsely furnished rooms and a lush garden. It's in Higher Bockhampton, 3 miles northeast of Dorchester. Roman Town HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.romantownhouse.co.uk; Northern Hay; h24hr) F The knee-high flint walls and beautifully preserved mosaics here powerfully conjure up the Roman occupation of Dorchester (then Durnovaria). Peek into the summer dining room to see the underfloor heating system (hypocaust), where charcoal-warmed air circulated around pillars to produce a toasty 18°C (64°F). 4Sleeping oBeggars KnapBOUTIQUE B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-268191; www.beggarsknap.co.uk; 2 Weymouth Ave; s £60-70, d £80-90, f £85-130; p) Despite the name, this altogether fabulous, vaguely decadent guesthouse is far from impoverished. Opulent rooms drip with chandeliers and gold brocades; beds draped in fine cottons range from French sleigh to four-poster. You could pay much, much more and get something half as nice. Yalbury CottageHOTEL ( %01305-262382; www.yalburycottage.com; Lower Bockhampton; s £85, d £120) With its flower-framed patios and quaint village setting, serene Yalbury draws you deftly into rural Westcountry life. Fresh, simple cottage-style rooms overlook fields, the intimate restaurant is acclaimed (two/three courses cost £33/38, booking required) and the superb English tapas (£8, available noon to 4pm Tuesday to Saturday May to September) are packed with prime Dorset goodies. WestwoodB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-268018; www.westwoodhouse.co.uk; 29 High West St; s/d/f £75/95/130; W) For a delightful dollop of 18th-century elegance, head to Westwood. Plush bedrooms are decked out in olive, dove grey or duck-egg blue; mini-armchairs and green-shaded reading lights are dotted around. Breakfast is a veritable feast. 5Eating No 6FRENCH ( %01305-267679; www.no6-restaurant.co.uk; 6 North Sq; mains £17; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-9pm Tue-Fri, 6-10pm Sat) The locally sourced produce appearing here is dished up with more than a soupçon of French finesse. Expect rich red wine–laced game crock, plump Lyme Bay king scallops and simply cooked but stunning fish. Canny foodies book Tuesday through to Thursday evenings, when a main and a pud is a mere £16. TrinitySEAFOOD ( %01305-757428; www.trinitybistro.co.uk; Trinity St; mains from £9; h11.30am-3pm Tue-Sat, 6-9.30pm Thu-Sat) Mouthwatering aromas waft around you, and the open-plan kitchen is only yards away. The chalked-up menu might include lemon-fragranced sea bass, Scillian mussel or clams – it's no frills but fun and the fish is super fresh. SiennaMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-250022; www.siennarestaurant.co.uk; 36 High West St; 2-course lunch/dinner £26/39; h12.30-2pm Wed-Sat, 7-9pm Tue-Sat) At tiny, Michelin-starred Sienna innovation, exquisite presentation and seasonal produce cast a fine culinary spell. Look out for duck egg and asparagus, brill with caviar, and cheeseboards bearing the very best of the west. Reservations required. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-267992; www.visit-dorset.com; Antelope Walk; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Around Bicycle Dorchester CyclesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-268787; www.dorchestercycles.co.uk; 31 Great Western Rd; per day £12; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Bus A **London** (£20, four hours, one daily) National Express. A **Lyme Regis** (£4.50, 1¾ hours, hourly) Bus 31. A **Poole** (£4.30, 1¼ hours, one daily Tuesday and Friday) Bus 186. A **Sherborne** (£4.10, one hour, four to six daily Monday to Saturday) Bus 216; via Cerne Abbas. A **Weymouth** (£3, 20 minutes, half-hourly) Bus 10. Train There are services, every two hours, from Dorchester West to Bath (£30, two hours) and Bristol (£20, 2½ hours). Hourly trains from Dorchester South: A **Bournemouth** (£12, 45 minutes) A **London Waterloo** (£25, 2¾ hours) A **Southampton** (£25, 1½ hours) A **Weymouth** (£5, 10 minutes) #### WORTH A TRIP ### MAIDEN CASTLE Occupying a massive slab of horizon on the southern fringes of Dorchester, Maiden Castle (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; hdawn-dusk; p) is the largest and most complex Iron Age hill fort in Britain. The huge, steep-sided chalk ramparts flow along a hill's contour lines and surround 48 hectares – the equivalent of 50 football pitches. The first hill fort was built on the site around 500 BC and in its heyday was densely populated with clusters of roundhouses and a network of roads. The Romans besieged and captured it in AD 43 – an ancient Briton skeleton with a Roman crossbow bolt in the spine was found at the site. Up close, the sheer scale of the ramparts is awe-inspiring and the winding complexity of the west entrance reveals just how hard it would be to storm. Finds from the site are displayed at Dorset County Museum. Maiden Castle is 1.5 miles southwest of Dorchester. ### Cerne Abbas & the Cerne Giant If you had to describe an archetypal sleepy Dorset village, you'd come up with something a lot like Cerne Abbas: houses run the gamut of English architectural styles, roses climb countless doorways and half-timbered houses frame a honey-coloured, 12th-century church. But this village also packs one heck of a surprise: the Cerne Giant, a vast chalk figure of a naked man. 1Sights Cerne GiantLANDMARK ( h24hr; p) F Rarely do you find such a nudge-nudge, wink-wink tourist attraction. Nude, full frontal and notoriously well endowed, this hill-side chalk figure is revealed in all his glory. And he's in a stage of excitement that wouldn't be allowed in most magazines. The giant is around 60m high and 51m wide and his age remains a mystery; some claim he's Roman but the first historical reference comes in 1694, when three shillings were set aside for his repair. The Victorians found it all deeply embarrassing and allowed grass to grow over his most outstanding feature. Today the hill is grazed by sheep and cattle, though only the sheep are allowed to do their nibbling over the giant – the cows would do too much damage to his lines. 4Sleeping AbbotsB&B ( %01300-341349; www.abbotsbedandbreakfast.co.uk; 7 Long St; s/d/f £60/85/130; W) The top-floor rooms here are big on atmosphere and small on head space, with duck-or-regret-it lintels for those over 6ft. It's charming throughout though, with rooms decked out in light grey, lemon and blue. The cakes in the cafe (open 10am to 5pm) are real diet busters. oNew InnINN ( %01300-341274; www.thenewinncerneabbas.co.uk; 14 Long St; d £95-140, ste £170; p W) What do you get when a retired Michelin inspector runs a 16th-century English inn? Sleekly styled boltholes in outhouses, and luxurious main-building rooms rich in dark beams. The bar has the easy atmosphere of a country estate (think mounted antlers and honey-brown tartan) and rustles up prime gastropub (mains £9 to £18) delights from noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm. 8Getting There & Away Dorchester is 8 miles south. Bus 216 (four to six daily Monday to Saturday) goes to Dorchester (£2.40, 30 minutes) and Sherborne (£2.80, 30 minutes). ### Weymouth Pop 65,000 An immense harbour ensured this strip of Dorset coast was the 2012 Olympic sailing venue – a state-of-the-art water-sports centre and a soaring viewing tower are among the legacies. Otherwise, the area's core character remains: fishing boats pack Weymouth's bustling harbour and candy-striped beach kiosks line its 3-mile beach. Weymouth has been a popular seaside spot since King George III took an impromptu dip here in 1789. More than 225 years later, the town is still popular with holidaymakers, drawn by a curling, golden beach, a revitalised historic harbour and oodles of seaside kitsch. 1Sights & Activities Weymouth BeachBEACH The nostalgia-inducing offerings along Weymouth's fine sandy shore could see you marvelling at highly skilled sand sculptors, renting a deckchair or pedalo (per hour £7), watching Punch and Judy shows, and taking a donkey ride. Alternatively, go all Californian and join a volleyball game. Nothe FortFORT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-766626; www.nothefort.org.uk; Barrack Rd; adult/child £7/1; h10.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct) Weymouth's photogenic 19th-century defences are studded with cannons, searchlights and 12in coastal guns. Exhibits detail Dorset's Roman invasion, a Victorian soldier's drill and Weymouth in WWII. Commanding an armoured car and clambering around the magazine prove popular with regiments of children. Sea LifeAQUARIUM ( %0871 423 2110; www.sealifeweymouth.com; Lodmoor Country Park; admission £23; h10am-5pm; p) Aquarium highlights include sharks, penguins and seahorses. Admission includes a trip up the 53m **Sea Life Tower** on Weymouth seafront, which rotates to reveal expansive views. Tickets are 25% cheaper on-line. Coastline CruisesBOAT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305-785000; www.coastlinecruises.com; Brewers Quay; adult/child return £9/6; h2 boats daily Apr-Oct) This wind-blown 40-minute jaunt crosses Portland Harbour's vast 2012 Olympic sailing waters, before dropping you off at Portland Castle. Boats leave from Weymouth Harbour. #### WORTH A TRIP ### ABBOTSBURY SWANNERY Every May some 600 free-flying swans choose to nest at the Abbotsbury Swannery ( %01305-871858; www.abbotsbury-tourism.co.uk; New Barn Rd, Abbotsbury; adult/child £11/8; h10am-5pm late-Mar–Oct), which shelters in the Fleet lagoon, protected by the ridge of Chesil Beach. The swannery was founded by local monks about 600 years ago, and feathers from the Abbotsbury swans are still used in the helmets of the Gentlemen at Arms (the Queen's official bodyguard). Wandering the network of trails that wind between the swans' nests is an awe-inspiring experience that is punctuated by occasional territorial displays (think snuffling, coughing and stand-up flapping), ensuring that even the liveliest children are stilled. The swannery is at the picturesque village of Abbotsbury, 10 miles from Weymouth off the B3157. 4Sleeping oB+BB&B ( %01305-761190; www.bb-weymouth.com; 68 The Esplanade; s £60-70, d £80-95; p W) This hip hotel remains remarkable value with its sleek, minimalist rooms (some have sea views) and host of freebies; the mineral water, biscuits and espresso machine coffee are best enjoyed in the funky 1st floor lounge overlooking the bay. They'll loan you a bike as well. RoundhouseB&B ( %01305-761010; www.roundhouse-hotel-weymouth.com; 1 The Esplanade; d £105-145; W) Soak up Weymouth's seaside charms from your bedroom – almost all here have superb views of the beach out front and the harbour behind. Inside, vivid decor combines sky blue, purple and shocking pink, while fluffy cushions sit beside snazzy modern art. Old Harbour ViewB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01305- 774633; www.oldharbourviewweymouth.co.uk; 12 Trinity Rd; s/d £78/98; p W) In this pristine Georgian terrace you get boating themes in the fresh, white bedrooms and boats right outside the front door. One room overlooks the busy quay, the other faces the back. 5Eating MarlboroFISH & CHIPS (www.marlbororestaurant.co.uk; 46 St Thomas St; mains £7.50; hnoon-9.45pm) There's a sustainable slant to this traditional chippy, just metres from Weymouth's quay, with mackerel featuring among the long list of super-fresh fish. Take it away or get munching in the bay-windowed, licensed cafe (open till 8pm). Dining RoomMODERN BRITISH ( %01305-783008; www.thediningroomweymouth.co.uk; 67 St Mary St; mains £11-24; hnoon-2pm daily, 7-9.30pm Mon-Sat) Stand by to see fresh flavours transform local foods – the open-plan design means you watch the chefs beavering away. They might make you lime-cured, Weymouth-landed fish, or red wine–laced Westcountry chorizo – the chocolate cheesecake with Dorset wasabi is a feisty meal's end. Dorset Burger CoBURGERS (DBC; www.thedorsetburgercompany.co.uk; 97 St Mary St; £9; hnoon-3pm Wed-Sun, 6-9pm Wed-Sat) Hand-patted, juicy, chargrilled burgers, made mostly from Dorset produce. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01305-783225; www.visit-dorset.com; The Esplanade; h10am-6pm) Inside the Weymouth Pavilion theatre. 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Axminster** (£6, 2¼ hours, hourly) Bus 31. A **Dorchester** (£3, 20 minutes, half-hourly) Bus 10. A **Fortuneswell** (£2.50, Isle of Portland; 30 minutes, four per hour) Bus 1. A **Jurassic Coast Bus X53** (£7.20, four daily to hourly, no service winter Sundays) Travels from Weymouth to Wareham (50 minutes), Poole (1½ hours), Abbotsbury (35 minutes), Lyme Regis (1¾ hours) and Exeter (three hours). A **London** (£17, 4¼ hours, one direct daily) National Express. A **Lyme Regis** (£6, two hours, hourly) Bus 31. A **Portland Bill** (£2.50, Isle of Portland; 45 minutes, from four daily May to September only) Bus 501. Boat Condor FerriesFERRY ( %0845 609 1024; www.condorferries.co.uk) Sails to the Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey. Prices range from around £50 return for a foot passenger, to £300 return for a car and two passengers. Train Hourly services: A **Bournemouth** (£15, one hour) A **Dorchester South** (£5, 10 minutes) A **London Waterloo** (£30, three hours) Services every two hours: A **Bath** (£17, two hours) A **Bristol** (£18, 2¾ hours) #### WORTH A TRIP ### THE CHANNEL ISLANDS Clustering just off the coast of France, the islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Sark, Herm and Alderney overflow with exquisite coastlines, beautiful harbours, shaded lanes and old-world charm. The warm Gulf of St Malo ensures subtropical plants, superb local seafood and an incredible array of bird life. The larger islands of Guernsey and Jersey are the main entry points, with a plethora of flights and ferries from both England and France. Air links between Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney are good, while fleets of ferries also connect them and the other islands. Accommodation and eating options abound; for details and transport information, see the islands' websites. During WWII, the Channel Islands were the only British soil to be occupied by the Nazis, and poignant museums – some housed in old war tunnels and bunkers – provide an insight into the islanders' fortitude. The islands are proudly independent, self-governing British Crown dependencies and sport a wealth of quirky anachronisms. English is the main language and although place names may look French, local pronunciation is very different. The islands print their own version of the British pound – it isn't legal tender on the mainland, but you can use British money on the islands. The Channel Islands aren't covered by NHS or EHIC cards, so make sure your travel insurance includes medical treatment. Tourist entry requirements are the same as for the UK. ##### Jersey At 9 miles by 5 miles, **Jersey** (www.jersey.com) is the biggest of the Channel Islands. An offshore finance centre with a rugged north coast, key sights are the **Durrell Wildlife Park** (www.durrell.org) and the thought-provoking **Jersey War Tunnels** (www.jerseywartunnels.com), a former WWII underground military hospital. ##### Guernsey The second-largest island, **Guernsey** (www.visitguernsey.com) features a captivating capital, St Peter Port and stunning sea cliffs and sandy bays. Victor Hugo's former home, **Hauteville House** (www.victorhugo.gg), and Castle Cornet (www.museums.gov.gg) are the big draws. ##### Alderney Remote **Alderney** (www.visitalderney.com) is the third-largest island. Its village capital St Anne is picture-perfect; its wealth of bird and wildlife includes blonde hedgehogs and 7000 squawking seabirds. ##### Sark On steep-sided, car-free **Sark** (www.sark.co.uk) transport is by bike, tractor or horse and cart – the island (measuring 3 miles by 1.5 miles) has a magical, castaway feel. ##### Herm Tiny, traffic-free **Herm** (www.herm.com) is just 1.5 miles long and half a mile wide. Flower-strewn hills are framed by white sandy shores – Shell Beach is a superb spot for a swim. ### Isle of Portland The 'Isle' of Portland is really a hard, high comma of rock fused to the rest of Dorset by the ridge of Chesil Beach. Its strip of once-waste waterfront land now features a sailing centre, business units and neat new homes. But inland, on the 500ft central plateau, a quarrying past still holds sway, evidenced by huge craters and large slabs of limestone. Portland also offers jaw-dropping views down onto 18-mile Chesil Beach, which is backed by the Fleet, Britain's biggest tidal lagoon – a home to 600 nesting swans. Proud, and at times bleak and rough around the edges, Portland is decidedly different from the rest of Dorset, and is all the more compelling because of it. Its industrial heritage, water-sport facilities, rich bird life and starkly beautiful cliffs make it worth at least a day trip. The key population clusters of Fortuneswell and Chiswell are towards the north of the isle; Portland Bill is 4 miles south at the tip. 1Sights oTout QuarryOUTDOORS (near Fortuneswell; h24hr; p) F Portland's white limestone has been quarried for centuries, and has been used in some of the world's finest buildings, such as the British Museum and St Paul's Cathedral. Tout Quarry's disused workings now house 53 sculptures that have been carved into the rock in situ, resulting in a fascinating combination of the raw material, the detritus of the quarrying process and the beauty of chiselled works. Labyrinthine paths snake through hacked-out gullies and around jumbled piles of rock, revealing the half-formed bears, bison and lizards that emerge out of stone cliffs. Highlights include _Still Falling_ by Antony Gormley, _Woman on Rock_ by Dhruva Mistry and the well-hidden _Green Man_. Tout Quarry is signed off the main road, just south of Fortuneswell. Portland LighthouseLIGHTHOUSE ( %01255-245156; www.trinityhouse.co.uk; Portland Bill; adult/child £4/3; h11am-5pm Sun-Thu late-Apr–Aug; p) For a real sense of Portland's remote nature, head to its southern tip, Portland Bill. Then climb the 41m-high, candy-striped lighthouse for breathtaking views of rugged cliffs and the Race, a surging vortex of conflicting tides. Portland CastleCASTLE (EH; %01305-820539; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Liberty Rd, Chiswell; adult/child £5/3; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct) A particularly fine product of Henry VIII's castle-building spree, with expansive views over Portland harbour. ### WATER SPORTS – PORTLAND HARBOUR At 890-hectare Portland Harbour, just south of Weymouth, you can glide in 2012 Olympic sailing waters. The Weymouth & Portland National Sailing Academy ( %01305-866000; www.wpnsa.org.uk; Portland Harbour) is home to the Andrew Simpson Sailing Centre ( %0753 201 6281; www.andrewsimpsonsailing.org), which runs lessons (adult/child per two days £180/210) and hires lasers (two hours/day £32/75). Also on-site, OTC ( %07817 717904; www.uk.otc-windsurf.com) does lessons in stand-up paddleboarding (SUP; one/two hours £25/40) and windsurfing (per two hours/one day/two days £45/90/165). It also rents out SUP boards (per hour £10) and windsurf boards and sails (per hour £15). Local waters offer superb diving, with a huge variety of depths, seascapes and wrecks. Operators include Underwater Explorers ( %01305-824555; www.underwaterexplorers.co.uk; Mereside, Portland) and Old Harbour Dive Centre ( %01305-760888; www.oldharbourdivecentre.co.uk; 11 Nothe Pde, Weymouth). Lessons range from around £50 a day to £475 for a five-day PADI openwater dive course. 4Sleeping & Eating Portland YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9339; www.yha.org.uk; Castle Rd; dm/d £18/32) Comfy, rambling Edwardian house with sea views from most dorms. Queen Anne HouseB&B ( %01305-820028; www.queenannehouse.co.uk; 2 Fortuneswell; s £45-55, d £75-90; W) It's impossible to know which room to pick: White, with skylight, beams and a hobbit-esque door; Lotus, with its grand furniture; ornate Oyster with its half tester bed, or the suite with French bath and mini-conservatory. It doesn't matter though – they're all great value and gorgeous. oCrab House CafeSEAFOOD ( %01305-788867; www.crabhousecafe.co.uk; Portland Rd, Wyke Regis; mains £16-21; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Wed-Sat, noon-3.30pm Sun) This is the place for fresh-as-it-gets seafood and beach-shack-chic. The funky cabin has views onto the cafe's own Fleet Lagoon oyster beds, while the waterside terrace is a prime place to sample clam and cockle spaghetti or cracked whole crab, best washed down with lip-smacking Somerset cider. Cove HousePUB (www.thecovehouseinn.co.uk; Chiswell Seafront; mains £10-18; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-9pm Sat & Sun) Extraordinary Chesil Beach views, memorable sunsets and great grub (try the crunchy whitebait) in a history-rich fishermen's inn. 8Getting There & Away Bus 1 runs from Weymouth to Fortuneswell (£2.50, 30 minutes, four per hour). Between May and September bus 501 goes from Weymouth to Portland Bill (£2.50, from four daily). Coastline Cruises runs ferries to Portland Castle from Weymouth. ### Chesil Beach One of the most breathtaking beaches in Britain, Chesil is 18 miles long, 15m high and moving inland at the rate of 5m a century. This mind-boggling, 100-million-tonne pebble ridge is the baby of the Jurassic Coast. A mere 6000 years old, its stones range from pea-sized in the west to hand-sized in the east. 1Sights & Activities Chesil Beach Visitors CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01305-206191; www.chesilbeach.org; Ferrybridge; h10am-4pm) F Just over the bridge to Portland, this centre is a great gateway to the beach. The pebble ridge is at its highest here – 15m compared to 7m at Abbotsbury. From the car park an energy-sapping hike up sliding pebbles leads to the constant surge and rattle of waves on stones and dazzling views of the sea, with the thin pebble line and the expanse of the Fleet Lagoon behind. The centre details an ecosystem that includes ringed plover, redshank and oystercatchers, as well as drifts of thrift and sea campion. There's also the Taste cafe here, open 10am to 4pm. Fleet ObserverBOATING ( %01305-759692; www.thefleetobserver.co.uk; adult/child £7/4; hdaily Easter-Sep) Offers glass-bottom boat trips on the Fleet Lagoon. ### Lyme Regis Pop 3662 Fantastically fossiliferous Lyme Regis packs a heavyweight historical punch. Rock-hard relics of the past pop out repeatedly from the surrounding cliffs – exposed by the landslides of a retreating shoreline. Now a pivot point of the Unesco-listed Jurassic Coast, fossil fever is definitely in the air and everyone, from proper palaeontologists to those out for a bit of fun, can engage in a spot of coastal rummaging. Add sandy beaches and some delightful places to sleep and eat, and you have a charming base for explorations. 1Sights Lyme Regis MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01297-443370; www.lymeregismuseum.co.uk; Bridge St; adult/child £10/5; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, 11am-4pm Wed-Sun Nov-Easter) In 1814 local teenager Mary Anning found the first full ichthyosaurus skeleton near Lyme Regis, propelling the town onto the world stage. An incredibly famous fossilist in her day, Miss Anning did much to pioneer the science of modern-day palaeontology. The museum, on the site of her former home, tells her story and exhibits spectacular fossils and other prehistoric finds. DinosaurlandMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01297-443541; www.dinosaurland.co.uk; Coombe St; adult/child £5/4; h10am-5pm mid-Feb–Nov) This joyful, mini, indoor Jurassic Park overflows with fossilised remains; look out for belemnites, plesiosaurus and an impressive locally found ichthyosaur. Lifelike dinosaur models will thrill youngsters – the rock-hard tyrannosaurus eggs and 73kg dinosaur dung will have them in raptures. CobbLANDMARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h24hr) First built in the 13th century, Lyme's iconic, curling sea defences have been strengthened and extended over the years, so don't present the elegant line they once did, but it's still hard to resist wandering their length to the tip. Town MillHISTORIC BUILDING (www.townmill.org.uk; Mill Lane; h11am-2pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun Apr-Oct) F An atmospheric, creaking, grinding, 14th-century working watermill. Cafes, art galleries, a cheese deli and microbrewery sit alongside. ### FOSSIL HUNTING Fossil fever is catching. Lyme Regis sits in one of the most unstable sections of Britain's coast, and regular landslips mean nuggets of prehistory keep tumbling from the cliffs. Joining a guided walk aids explorations. Three miles east of Lyme, the Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre ( %01297-560772; www.charmouth.org) runs one to seven trips a week (adult/child £7.50/3). Or, in Lyme itself, Lyme Regis Museum holds three to seven walks a week (adult/child £11/6); local expert Brandon Lennon ( %07944 664 757; www.lymeregisfossilwalks.com; adult/child £8/6; hSat-Mon) also leads expeditions. All are popular; book early. For the best chances of a find, visit within two hours of low water. If you do hunt by yourself, official advice is to check tide times and collect on a falling tide, observe warning signs, keep away from cliffs, only pick up from the beach and always leave some behind for others. Oh, and tell the experts if you find a stunner. ### FORDE ABBEY Forde AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01460-220231; www.fordeabbey.co.uk; Chard; house adult/child £11/free, gardens £9/free; hhouse noon-4pm Tue-Fri & Sun Apr-Oct, gardens 10am-4.30pm) This abbey was built in the 12th century as a Cistercian monastery, but has been a private home since 1649. The building boasts magnificent plasterwork ceilings and fine tapestries but it's the gardens that are the main attraction: 12 hectares of lawns, ponds, shrubberies and flower beds with hundreds of rare and beautiful species. It's 10 miles north of Lyme Regis; public transport is a nonstarter. 4Sleeping SanctuaryB&B ( %01297-445815; www.lyme-regis.demon.co.uk; 65 Broad St; s/d £45/56) A B&B for bibliophiles: the charming, chintzy, volume-filled bedrooms here are part of a four-floor, 18-room bookshop. Ancient tomes that just beg to be perused are everywhere – they can delay you en route to (the excellent) breakfast, but handily there's a wonderfully relaxed vibe. Coombe HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01297-443849; www.coombe-house.co.uk; 41 Coombe St; s £35, d £62-70, 5-person flat per week £370-650; p) The airy, easygoing, stylish bedrooms in this fabulous-value guesthouse are full of bay windows, wicker and white wood. Breakfast is delivered to your room on a trolley, complete with homemade bread and a toaster – perfect for a lazy lie-in in Lyme. oHix TownhouseBOUTIQUE B&B ( %01297-442499; www.hixtownhouse.co.uk; 1 Pound St; d £130-150, ste £165; W) With its witty designer decor, luxury flourishes and in-town location, this 18th-century terrace is hard to resist. Each room echoes a leisure theme (think gardening, fishing etc); the pick is Sailing with its mock portholes, artfully arranged ropes, mini roof terrace and gorgeous sea views. 5Eating oAlexandraCAFE ( %01297-442010; www.hotelalexandra.co.uk; Pound St; afternoon tea £6.50-28; h3-5.30pm; p) It's like the setting for an Agatha Christie, minus the murder. Wicker chairs dot manicured lawns, a glittering Lyme Bay sweeps out behind. The perfect spot for a proper English afternoon tea, complete with scones, jam and dainty sandwiches. The hotel's best bedrooms (singles £90, doubles £177 to £235) boast bay windows and sea views; the back-facing ones are charming too. Mill CafeBISTRO ( %01297-445757; www.townmillcafe.co.uk; The Town Mill, Mill La; lunch mains £8, 2-course dinner £20; h10am-4pm Thu-Sun, 7-9pm Fri & Sat) The Italian home cooking here is so authentic it feels more like Lombardy than Lyme. Expect flavour-packed sweet pepper stews, Sicilian-style cod and irresistible home-baked bread, best devoured on the tucked-away terrace out back. Harbour InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harbourinnlymeregis.co.uk; Marine Pde; mains £10-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) A flower-framed, beach-side verandah, smart but snug interior and some of the best bistro-pub grub in town – the bouillabaisse is suitably intense. oHix Oyster & Fish HouseSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01297-446910; www.hixoysterandfishhouse.co.uk; Cobb Rd; mains £14-25; h10am-10pm) Expect sweeping views of the Cobb and dazzling food at this super-stylish, open-plan cabin. Local asparagus comes with cuttlefish ink dressing; succulent Portland Race sea bass comes with kelp broth. Perhaps start by slurping oysters: Brownsea Island or Portland molluscs come at £2.25 a pop. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01297-442138; www.visit-dorset.com; Church St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun, to 3pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus 31 runs to Dorchester (1¾ hours) and Weymouth (two hours) hourly. Bus X53 goes west to Exeter (£7, six daily, 1¾ hours) and east to Weymouth (£7.20, hourly, 1¾ hours); it doesn't run on winter Sundays. ### Sherborne Pop 9495 Sherborne gleams with mellow, orangey-yellow stone – it's been used to build a cluster of 15th-century buildings and the impressive abbey church at their core. This serene town exudes wealth; the five local fee-paying schools include the famous Sherborne School, and its pupils are a frequent sight. Evidence of splashing the cash 16th- and 18th-century style lies on the edge of town with two castles: one a crumbling ruin, the other a marvellous manor house, complete with a Lancelot 'Capability' Brown lake. 1Sights Sherborne AbbeyCHURCH ( %01935-812452; www.sherborneabbey.com; suggested donation £3.50; h8am-6pm) F At the height of its influence, the magnificent Abbey Church of St Mary the Virgin was the central cathedral of 26 succeeding Saxon bishops. Established early in the 8th century, it became a Benedictine abbey in 998 and functioned as a cathedral until 1075. The church has mesmerising fan vaulting that's the oldest in the country, a central tower supported by Saxon-Norman piers and an 1180 Norman porch. The abbey's **tombs** include the elaborate marble effigy belonging to John Lord Digby, Earl of Bristol, and those of the elder brothers of Alfred the Great, Ethelred and Ethelbert. Sherborne Old CastleCASTLE (EH; %01935-812730; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £3.70/2.20; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct; p) These days the epitome of a picturesque ruin, Sherborne's Old Castle was built by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, in 1120 – Elizabeth I gave it to her one-time favourite Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 16th century. It became a Royalist stronghold during the English Civil War, but Cromwell reduced it to rubble after a 16-day siege in 1645, leaving just the fractured southwest gatehouse, great tower and north range. Sherborne New CastleCASTLE ( %01935-812072; www.sherbornecastle.com; New Rd; house & gardens adult/child £11/free, gardens only £6/free; h11am-4.30pm Tue-Thu, Sat & Sun Apr-Oct; p) Sir Walter Raleigh began building the impressive Sherborne New Castle in 1594, but only got as far as the central block before being imprisoned by James I. James promptly sold the castle to Sir John Digby who added the splendid wings you see today. In 1753 the grounds received a mega-makeover at the hands of landscape-gardener extraordinaire Capability Brown who added a massive lake and 12-hectare waterside gardens. TTours Walking ToursHERITAGE TOURS (tours £5; h11am Fri Jul-Sep) Ninety-minute trips exploring the photogenic old town, leaving from the tourist office. 4Sleeping Cumberland HouseB&B ( %01935-817554; www.bandbdorset.co.uk; Green Hill; s £55-60, d £70-85; p W) Artistry oozes from these history-rich rooms – bright scatter rugs sit on flagstone floors; lemon and oatmeal walls undulate between wonderfully wonky beams. Gourmet breakfasts include freshly squeezed orange juice; arrive around 4pm and expect an offer of tea, taken in the garden or beside the fire. Stoneleigh BarnB&B ( %01935-389288; www.stoneleighbarn.co.uk; North Wootton; s/d £60/80; p W) Outside, this glorious 18th-century barn delights the senses – it's smothered in bright, fragrant flowers. Inside, exposed trusses frame spacious rooms delicately decorated in lilac and turquoise. Stoneleigh is 3 miles southeast of Sherborne. 5Eating GreenMODERN BRITISH ( %01935-813821; www.greenrestaurant.co.uk; 3 The Green; mains £13-25; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Sat) In this affable, elegant eatery gently distressed furniture is more chic than shabby, while the food is pure Westcountry élan – local goodies might include a trio of Lyme Bay crab, sole escabeche or wild venison carpaccio. Or plump for the cracking-value _menu du jour_ (three courses £20). GeorgePUB (www.thegeorgesherborne.co.uk; 4 Higher Cheap St; mains £7-10; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm; W) It's five centuries since Sherborne's oldest, cosiest inn pulled its first pint; today it signals its age with wooden settles polished smooth by countless behinds. The food is enduring pub grub fare: robust steaks, ham and eggs, homemade pud and both Sunday and Saturday roasts. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01935-815341; www.visit-dorset.com; Digby Rd; h9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat, to 3pm Dec-Mar) Stocks a self-guided walking tour leaflet (50p). 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Dorchester** (£4.10, one hour, four to six daily Monday to Saturday) Bus 216; via Cerne Abbas (30 minutes). A **Shaftesbury** (£6, 30 minutes, daily) National Express. A **Yeovil** (£4.10, 15 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday) Bus 58. Train Hourly services to Exeter (£20, 1¼ hours), London Waterloo (£30, 2½ hours) and Salisbury (£13, 40 minutes). ### Shaftesbury & Around Pop 7707 Crowning a ridge of hogbacked hills and overlooking pastoral meadows, the agreeable market town of Shaftesbury circles around its medieval abbey ruins. A charismatic castle and a postcard-pretty, ancient street add to the town's appeal. 1Sights Shaftesbury AbbeyRUINS ( %01747-852910; www.shaftesburyabbey.org.uk; Park Walk; adult/child £3/free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) These hilltop ruins mark the site of what was England's largest and richest nunnery. Founded in 888 by King Alfred the Great, Alfred's daughter, Aethelgifu, was its first abbess. St Edward is thought to have been buried here while King Knut died at the abbey in 1035. Most of the buildings were dismantled by Henry VIII, but you can wander its foundations and search out statuary and illuminated manuscripts in the museum. Old Wardour CastleCASTLE (EH; %01747-870487; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.20/2.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) Six-sided Old Wardour Castle was built around 1393 and suffered severe damage during the English Civil War, leaving these imposing remains. The views from the upper levels are fabulous while its grassy lawns make a fine spot for a picnic. It's open until 6pm in July and August and is 4 miles west of Shaftesbury. Gold HillSTREET This often-photographed, painfully steep, quaint cobbled slope, lined by chocolate-box cottages, starred in a famous TV advert for Hovis bread. 4Sleeping & Eating Old ChapelB&B ( %01747-852404; www.theoldchapelbb.co.uk; 9 Breach Lane; s/d £60/90; p W) Sleep spots don't come much more characterful than this: a converted Victorian chapel with slender, two-storey windows, light-filled atriums and massive support beams. Smoothly comfy bedrooms feature fresh flowers and cookie jars; from the guest lounge you can see all the way to Salisbury Plain. UpdownCOTTAGE ( %07710-307202; www.updowncottage.co.uk; 12 Gold Hill; per week £700-1300; p W) A supremely picturesque whitewashed, six-person cottage clinging to charming Gold Hill with snug, beam-lined rooms, open fires and a hillside garden. Fleur de LysHOTEL ( %01747-853717; www.lafleurdelys.co.uk; Bleke St; s £95-110, d £130-170; p i W) A place to be pampered, whether in the deeply luxurious bedrooms or the acclaimed restaurant (open 7am to 10pm Monday to Saturday; two/three courses cost £27/34). MitrePUB (www.youngs.co.uk/pubs/mitre; 23 High St; mains £9; hnoon-3pm Mon-Fri, to 9pm Sat & Sun) It's the decked terrace that'll draw you into this old inn – its cracking views out over Blackmore Vale make for a memorable spot to tuck into homemade pizzas, fish and chips and beefy burgers. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01747-853514; www.shaftesburydorset.com; 8 Bell St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Buses include: A **London Victoria** (£22, four hours, one daily) National Express; goes via Heathrow. A **Salisbury** (£4.20, 1¼ hours, five daily Monday to Saturday) Bus 29. A **Sherborne** (£6, 30 minutes, one daily) National Express. ## Wiltshire Wiltshire is rich in the reminders of ritual and packed with not-to-be-missed sights. Its verdant landscape is littered with more mysterious stone circles, processional avenues and ancient barrows than anywhere else in Britain. It's a place that teases and tantalises the imagination – here you'll experience the prehistoric majesty of Stonehenge and the atmospheric stone ring at Avebury. Add the serene 800-year-old cathedral at Salisbury, the supremely stately homes at Stourhead and Longleat and the impossibly pretty village of Lacock, and you have a county crammed full of English charm waiting to be explored. 8Information There's a tourist office in Salisbury. Visit WiltshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitwiltshire.co.uk) 8Getting Around Bus Wiltshire's bus coverage can be patchy, especially in the northwest. FirstBUS (www.firstgroup.com) Serves west Wiltshire. Salisbury RedsBUS (www.salisburyreds.co.uk) Covers Salisbury and many rural areas. Offers one-day Explorer Tickets (£8.50) and seven-day passes (Salisbury area £15, network-wide £27). Train Rail lines run from London Waterloo to Salisbury and beyond to Exeter and Plymouth, branching off north to Bradford-on-Avon, Bath and Bristol. ### Salisbury & Around Pop 40,300 Centred on a majestic cathedral that's topped by the tallest spire in England, Salisbury makes an appealing Wiltshire base. It's been an important provincial city for more than a thousand years, and its streets form an architectural timeline ranging from medieval walls and half-timbered Tudor town houses to Georgian mansions and Victorian villas. Salisbury is also a lively, modern town, boasting plenty of bars and restaurants, plus a concentrated cluster of excellent museums. Salisbury 1Top Sights 1Cathedral CloseB4 2Salisbury CathedralB3 3Salisbury MuseumA4 1Sights 4Bishop's PalaceB4 5College of MatronsB3 Magna CartaB3 6Mompesson HouseB3 7RiflesA3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 8Salisbury GuidesC2 4Sleeping 9Cathedral ViewC3 10Lazy CowC3 11Salisbury YHAD2 12Spire HouseC3 13St Ann's HouseC3 5Eating 14AnokaaA1 15Charter 1227C2 16CloistersC2 17Fish RowC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 18ChapelC2 19Haunch of VenisonB2 20MusicBoxC2 3Entertainment 21Salisbury PlayhouseA1 1Sights oSalisbury CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-555120; www.salisburycathedral.org.uk; Cathedral Close; requested donation adult/child £6.50/3; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) England is endowed with countless stunning churches, but few can hold a candle to the grandeur and sheer spectacle of 13th-century Salisbury Cathedral. This early English Gothic–style structure has an elaborate exterior decorated with pointed arches and flying buttresses, and a sombre, austere interior designed to keep its congregation suitably pious. Its statuary and tombs are outstanding; don't miss the daily tower tours and the cathedral's original, 13th-century copy of the Magna Carta. It's best experienced on a Tower Tour. The cathedral was built between 1220 and 1258. Beyond its highly decorative **West Front** , a small passageway leads into the 70m-long **nave** , lined with handsome pillars of Purbeck stone. In the north aisle look out for a fascinating **medieval clock** dating from 1386, probably the oldest working timepiece in the world. At the eastern end of the ambulatory the glorious **Prisoners of Conscience** stained-glass window (1980) hovers above the ornate **tomb** of Edward Seymour (1539–1621) and Lady Catherine Grey. Other monuments and tombs line the sides of the nave, including that of William Longespée, son of Henry II and half-brother of King John. When the tomb was excavated a well-preserved rat was found inside Longespée's skull. Salisbury's 123m crowning glory, its **spire** , was added in the mid-14th century, and is the tallest in Britain. It represented an enormous technical challenge for its medieval builders; it weighs around 6500 tons and required an elaborate system of cross-bracing, scissor arches and supporting buttresses to keep it upright. Look closely and you'll see the additional weight has buckled the four central piers of the nave. Sir Christopher Wren surveyed the cathedral in 1668 and calculated that the spire was leaning by 75cm. A brass plate in the floor of the nave is used to measure any shift, but no further lean was recorded in 1951 or 1970. Despite this, reinforcement of the notoriously 'wonky spire' continues to this day. The cathedral really comes into its own during **evensong** , which takes place at 5.30pm Monday to Saturday and 3pm on Sunday, during term time only. Magna CartaEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 12.45-4.30pm Sun) Tucked into Salisbury Cathedral's Chapter House is one of only four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta, the historic agreement made between King John and his barons in 1215 that acknowledged the fundamental principle that the monarch was not above the law. It's a still-powerful document; beautifully written and remarkably well preserved. oCathedral CloseHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Salisbury's medieval cathedral close, a hushed enclave surrounded by beautiful houses, has an other-worldly feel. Many of the buildings date from the 13th century, although the area was heavily restored during an 18th-century clean-up by James Wyatt. The close is encircled by a sturdy outer wall, constructed in 1333; the stout gates leading into the complex are still locked every night. Just inside the narrow High St Gate is the College of Matrons ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), founded in 1682 for widows and unmarried daughters of clergymen. South of the cathedral is the Bishop's Palace ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), now the private Cathedral School, parts of which date from 1220. oSalisbury MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-332151; www.salisburymuseum.org.uk; 65 Cathedral Close; adult/child £5/2; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus noon-5pm Sun Jun-Sep) The hugely important archaeological finds here include the Stonehenge Archer; the bones of a man found in the ditch surrounding the stone circle – one of the arrows found alongside probably killed him. With gold coins dating from 100 BC and a Bronze Age gold necklace, it's a powerful introduction to Wiltshire's prehistory. Mompesson HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-335659; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Cathedral Close; adult/child £6/3; h11am-5pm Sat-Wed mid-Mar–Oct) Magnificent plasterwork ceilings, exceptional period furnishings and a sweeping carved staircase grace this fine Queen Anne (1701) building. All that made it the perfect location for the 1995 film _Sense and Sensibility_. RiflesMUSEUM (The Wardrobe; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-419419; www.thewardrobe.org.uk; 58 Cathedral Close; adult/child £5/2; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, closed Dec & Jan) Collections include a cannonball from the American War of Independence, Victorian redcoat uniforms and displays on 19th- and 21st-century conflicts in Afghanistan. Old SarumARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EH; %01722-335398; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Castle Rd; adult/child £4/2.40; h10am-5pm Sep-Jun, 9am-6pm Jul & Aug; p) The huge ramparts of Old Sarum sit on a grass-covered hill 2 miles north of Salisbury. You can wander the grassy ramparts, see the original cathedral's stone foundations, and look across the Wiltshire countryside to the spire of Salisbury's new cathedral. Medieval tournaments, open-air plays and mock battles are held on selected days. Bus X5/8 runs twice an hour from Salisbury to Old Sarum (£2.20, hourly on Sundays). It's also a stop on the Stonehenge Tour bus. It began life as a hill fort during the Iron Age, and was later occupied by both the Romans and the Saxons. By the mid-11th century it was a town – one of the most important in the west of England. William the Conqueror convened one of his earliest councils here and the first cathedral was built in 1092, snatching the bishopric from nearby Sherborne Abbey. But Old Sarum had problems: it was short on water and exposed to the elements, and in 1219 the bishop was given permission to move the cathedral, so founding the modern-day city of Salisbury. By 1331 Old Sarum's cathedral had been demolished for building materials and the settlement was practically abandoned. Wilton HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01722-746700; www.wiltonhouse.com; Wilton; house & grounds adult/child £15/8; h11.30am-5pm Sun-Thu mid-Apr to Aug; p) Stately Wilton House provides an insight into the rarefied world of the British aristocracy. One of England's finest stately homes, the earls of Pembroke have lived here since 1542, and it's been expanded, improved and embellished by successive generations. Highlights are the **Single** and **Double Cube Rooms** , designed by the pioneering 17th-century architect Inigo Jones. Wilton House is 2.5 miles west of Salisbury; bus R3 runs from Salisbury (£2.60, 10 minutes, one to three hourly). The result of centuries of embellishments is quite staggering: magnificent period furniture, frescoed ceilings and elaborate plasterwork frame paintings by Van Dyck, Rembrandt and Joshua Reynolds. All the architectural eye candy makes the house a favoured film location: _The Madness of King George, Sense and Sensibility_ and _Pride and Prejudice_ were all shot here. But Wilton was serving as an artistic haven long before the movies – famous guests include Ben Jonson, Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe and John Donne. Shakespeare's _As You Like It_ was performed here in 1603, shortly after the bard had written it. The fine landscaped grounds (adult/child £6/4.50; h11am-5.30pm early-Apr to Sep) were largely laid out by Capability Brown. #### WORTH A TRIP ### CANAL TRIPS Sally BoatsBOATING ( %01225- 864923; www.sallyboats.ltd.uk) The 87-mile-long Kennet & Avon (www.katrust.org) runs all the way from Bristol to Reading. Sally Boats hires out narrowboats. Weekly rates for a four-berth boat range from around £750 in winter to £995 in high summer. TTours Tower TourWALKING TOUR (adult/child £10/8; h1-5 daily) The best way to experience Salisbury Cathedral is on a 90-minute tower tour which sees you climbing 332 vertigo-inducing steps to the base of the spire for jaw-dropping views across the city and the surrounding countryside. Booking required. Salisbury GuidesHERITAGE TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07873-212941; www.salisburycityguides.co.uk; adult/child £5/free; h11am daily Apr-Oct, 11am Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) These 90-minute trips leave from the tourist office. zFestivals & Events Salisbury FestivalARTS FESTIVAL ( %01722-33224; www.salisburyfestival.co.uk) A prestigious, eclectic event running from late May to early June, encompassing classical, world and pop music, plus theatre, literature and art. 4Sleeping Salisbury YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9537; www.yha.org.uk; Milford Hill; dm/d £18/28; p i W) A real gem: neat rooms in a rambling Victorian house, with a cafe-bar, laundry and dappled gardens too. oSt Ann's HouseBOUTIQUE B&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-335657; www.stannshouse.co.uk; 32 St Ann St; s £59-64, d £89-110; W) The aromas wafting from breakfast may well spur you from your room: great coffee; baked peaches with raspberry, honey and almonds; poached eggs and Parma ham. Utter elegance reigns upstairs, where well-chosen antiques, warm colours and Turkish linen ensure a supremely comfortable stay. Spire HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-339213; www.salisbury-bedandbreakfast.com; 84 Exeter St; s/d/f £60/75/90; p W) In this B&B of beautifully kept, sweet rooms the easygoing vibe extends to breakfast (add £5): chalk up your choice on a blackboard the night before. Options include slow-cooked, blueberry-studded porridge, croissants and pastries, or local bacon and eggs. Lazy CowINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-412 028; www.thelazycowsalisbury.co.uk; 9 St Johns St; d £75-95, tr £120; W) Bordering on bonkers but beautifully done, a bovine theme is everywhere here. Highland cattle peer from walls topped by snaking beams, cowhide-framed mirrors sit on oak-panelled walls. Your room key is attached to a tethering ring, and the mainstay of the restaurant? Steaks galore. Cathedral ViewB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-502254; www.cathedral-viewbandb.co.uk; 83 Exeter St; s £70-80, d £75-99; p W) Admirable attention to detail defines this Georgian town house. Miniature flower displays and home-baked cookies sit in quietly elegant rooms. Breakfasts include prime Wiltshire sausages and homemade bread and jam. And the owner's daily what's-on list features self-guided town trails. 5Eating Fish RowDELI, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fishrowdelicafe.co.uk; 3 Fish Row; snacks from £5; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 9.30am-4.30pm Sun.) Local produce is piled high at this heavily beamed deli-cafe – the New Forest Blue, Old Sarum and Nanny Williams cheeses come from just a few miles away. Grab some potato salad and a wedge of quiche to go, or duck upstairs to eat alongside weathered wood, stained glass and old church pews. AnokaaINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-414142; www.anokaa.com; 60 Fisherton St; mains £11-32; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-11pm; v) The pink neon and multicoloured bubble displays signal what's in store here: a supremely modern version of Indian cuisine. The spice and flavour combos make the ingredients sing; the meat-free menu range makes vegetarians beam. CloistersPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cloisterspubsalisbury.co.uk; 83 Catherine St; mains £9-13; h11am-9pm Sat & Sun, 11am-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Fri) The building dates from 1350, it's been a pub since the 1600s and today improbably warped beams reinforce an age-old vibe. It's a convivial spot for tasty beef-and-ale pie, sausage and mash or fancier foods such as an impressive lamb shank slow-braised in red wine. Charter 1227BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-333118; www.charter1227.co.uk; 6 Ox Row, Market Pl; mains £15-26; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun) Ingredients that speak of ancient England have a firm foothold here – feast on suckling pig, Wiltshire ham hock or roast John Dory. Canny locals eat between 6pm and 8pm Tuesday to Thursday (two/three courses for £20/25) or at lunchtime, when dishes are £5.50 each. 6Drinking & Nightlife Haunch of VenisonPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 Minster St; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun) Featuring wood-panelled snugs, spiral staircases and wonky ceilings, this 14th-century drinking den is packed with atmosphere – and ghosts. One is a cheating whist player whose hand was severed in a game – look out for his mummified bones on display inside. ChapelBAR, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chapelnightclub.com; 34 Milford St; h5pm-3am Wed-Sat) Buzzing bar with adjoining club where the DJ sets range from funk to '90s hip-hop and chart 'n' cheese. MusicBoxCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.themusicboxsalisbury.co.uk; 46 Catherine St; h9pm-3am Thu-Sun) Three-floor venue filled by gigs, open-mic events and DJ sets featuring '80s pop, reggae and dub. 3Entertainment Salisbury Arts CentreARTS CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-321744; www.salisburyartscentre.co.uk; Bedwin St) An innovative arts centre showcasing cutting-edge theatre, indie films, dance and live gigs. Salisbury PlayhouseTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-320 333; www.salisburyplayhouse.com; Malthouse Lane) A producing theatre that also hosts top touring shows and musicals. 8Information LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Market Pl; internet per hr £1; h10am-7pm Mon, Tue & Fri, 9am-5pm Wed, Thu & Sat; W) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01722-342860; www.visitwiltshire.co.uk; Fish Row; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat, 10am-2pm Sun) 8Getting There & Away Bus Direct National Express services include those to Bath (£11, 1¼ hours, one daily), Bristol (£11, 2¼ hours, one daily) and London (£17, three hours, three daily) via Heathrow. Local services include bus 29 to Shaftesbury (£4.20, 1¼ hours, five daily Monday to Saturday) and bus 2 to Devizes (£5, one hour, hourly Monday to Saturday). Tour buses leave Salisbury for Stonehenge regularly. Train Half-hourly connections include: A **Bath** (£10, one hour) A **Bradford-on-Avon** (£13, 40 minutes) A **Bristol** (£11, 1¼ hours) A **London Waterloo** (£38, 1¾ hours) A **Southampton** (£10, 30 minutes) Hourly connections include: A **Exeter** (£25, two hours) A **Portsmouth** (£20, 1¾ hours) ### Stonehenge Welcome to Britain's most iconic archaeological site. This compelling ring of monolithic stones has been attracting a steady stream of pilgrims, poets and philosophers for the last 5000 years and is still a mystical, ethereal place – a haunting echo from Britain's forgotten past, and a reminder of those who once walked the ceremonial avenues across Salisbury Plain. 1Sights oStonehengeARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0870 333 1181; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child incl visitor centre £14/8.30; h9am-8pm Jun-Aug, 9.30am-7pm Apr, May & Sep, 9.30am-5pm Oct-Mar; p) Ancient Stonehenge has had an ultramodern, £27 million makeover. It's brought an impressive new visitor centre and the closure of an intrusive nearby road – now restored to grassland. The result: a far stronger sense of historical context; dignity and mystery returned to an archaeological gem. A pathway frames the ring of massive stones, and although you can't walk in the circle, unless on a recommended Stone Circle Access Visit, you can get close-up views. Admission is only through prebooked tickets, so secure a place well in advance. Stonehenge is one of Britain's great archaeological mysteries: despite countless theories about the site's purpose, ranging from a sacrificial centre to a celestial timepiece, in truth no one knows for sure what drove prehistoric Britons to expend so much time and effort on its construction. The first phase of building started around 3000 BC, when the outer circular bank and ditch were erected. A thousand years later, an inner circle of granite stones, known as bluestones, was added. It's thought that these mammoth 4-tonne blocks were hauled from the Preseli Mountains in South Wales, some 250 miles away – an almost inexplicable feat for Stone Age builders equipped with only the simplest of tools. Although no one is entirely sure how the builders transported the stones so far, it's thought they probably used a system of ropes, sledges and rollers fashioned from tree trunks – Salisbury Plain was still covered by forest during Stonehenge's construction. Around 1500 BC, Stonehenge's main stones were dragged to the site, erected in a circle and crowned by massive lintels to make the trilithons (two vertical stones topped by a horizontal one). The sarsen (sandstone) stones were cut from an extremely hard rock found on the Marlborough Downs, 20 miles from the site. It's estimated dragging one of these 50-tonne stones across the countryside would require about 600 people. Also around this time, the bluestones from 500 years earlier were rearranged as an inner **bluestone horseshoe** with an altar stone ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) at the centre. Outside this the **trilithon horseshoe** of five massive sets of stones was erected. Three of these are intact; the other two have just a single upright. Then came the major **sarsen circle** of 30 massive vertical stones, of which 17 uprights and six lintels remain. Much further out, another circle was delineated by the 58 Aubrey Holes, named after John Aubrey, who discovered them in the 1600s. Just inside this circle are the South ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) and North Barrows ( GOOGLE MAP ) ), each originally topped by a stone. Like many stone circles in Britain (including Avebury, 22 miles away) the inner horseshoes are aligned to coincide with sunrise at the midsummer solstice, which some claim supports the theory that the site was some kind of astronomical calendar. Prehistoric pilgrims would have entered the site via the **Avenue** , whose entrance to the circle is marked by the Slaughter Stone ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) and the Heel Stone ( GOOGLE MAP ) ), located slightly further out on one side. Admission includes an audioguide and is free for EH and NT members. Visitor CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE (EH; %0870 333 1181; www.english-heritage.org.uk; 9am-8pm Jun-Aug, 9.30am-7pm Apr, May & Sep, 9.30am-5pm Oct-Mar) Stonehenge's swish new visitor centre sees you standing in the middle of an atmospheric 360-degree projection of the stone circle through the ages and seasons – complete with midsummer sunrise and swirling starscape. The visitor centre is 1.5 miles from the stones. A fleet of trolley buses makes the 10-minute trip – it's more atmospheric to walk. Engaging audiovisual displays detail the transportation of the stones and the building stages, while 300 finds from the wider site include flint chippings, bone pins and arrowheads, there's also a striking recreation of the face of a neolithic man whose body was found nearby. ### TICKETS FOR STONEHENGE Stonehenge now operates by timed tickets, meaning if you want to guarantee entry you have to book in advance – even English Heritage and National Trust members entitled to free admission. If you're planning a peak-season visit, it's best to secure your ticket well in advance. TTours oStone Circle Access VisitsWALKING TOUR ( %0870 333 0605; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £21/12.60) Circle-access visits are an unforgettable experience. Visitors normally have to stay outside the stone circle itself, but on these self-guided walks, you can wander around the core of the site, getting up-close views of the iconic bluestones and trilithons. They take place in the evening or early morning so the quieter atmosphere and the slanting sunlight add to the effect. Each visit takes only 26 people; to secure a place book at least two months in advance. Salisbury Guided ToursGUIDED TOUR ( %07775-674816; www.salisburyguidedtours.com; per person from £80) Runs a wide range of expert-led trips to Stonehenge, the wider ritual landscape and Salisbury. 8Getting There & Around Bus No regular buses go to the site. Stonehenge TourBUS ( %0845 0727 093; www.thestonehengetour.info; adult/child £26/16) Leaves Salisbury's railway station half-hourly from June to August, and hourly between September and May. The ticket includes admission to Stonehenge and the Iron Age hill fort at Old Sarum; it stops there on the return leg. ### Around Stonehenge Stonehenge actually forms part of a huge complex of ancient monuments. 1Sights & Activities North of Stonehenge and running roughly east–west is the **Cursus** , an elongated embanked oval; the smaller **Lesser Cursus** is nearby. Theories abound as to what these sites were used for, ranging from ancient sporting arenas to processional avenues for the dead. Two clusters of burial mounds, the **Old** and **New Kings Barrows** , sit beside the ceremonial pathway the **Avenue** , which originally linked Stonehenge with the River Avon, 2 miles away. The **National Trust** (www.nationaltrust.org.uk) website has a downloadable 3.5-mile circular walk (A King's View) that traces tracks across the chalk downland from Stonehenge, past the Cursus and Kings Barrows and along a section of the Avenue itself. The Stonehenge visitor centre also has leaflets detailing walking routes. WoodhengeARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EH; %0870 3331181; www.english-heritage.org.uk; hdawn-dusk) F Some 1.5 miles east of Stonehenge, near Amesbury, is Woodhenge, a series of concentric rings that would once have been marked by wooden posts. It's thought there might be some correlation between the use of wood and stone in both henges. Excavations in the 1970s at Woodhenge revealed the skeleton of a child with a cloven skull, buried near the centre. ### Stourhead StourheadHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01747-841152; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Mere; house or garden adult/child £8/4, house & garden £13/7; hhouse 11am-4.30pm mid-Mar–Oct, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov to mid-Mar; p) Overflowing with vistas, temples and follies, Stourhead is landscape gardening at its finest. The Palladian house has some fine Chippendale furniture and paintings by Claude and Gaspard Poussin, but it's a sideshow to the magnificent 18th-century gardens (open 9am to 5pm, to 7pm April to September), which spread out across the valley. Stourhead is off the B3092, 8 miles south of Frome (in Somerset). A picturesque 2-mile garden circuit takes you past the most ornate follies, around the lake and to the Temple of Apollo; a 3.5-mile side trip can be made from near the Pantheon to King Alfred's Tower (adult/child £3/2; hnoon-4pm Sat & Sun Mar-Oct), a 50m-high folly with wonderful views. ### Longleat LongleatHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01985-844400; www.longleat.co.uk; all-inclusive ticket adult/child £34/22, house & grounds £15.50/10.50; h10am-7pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm Apr-Jun, to 4pm Mar, Sep & Oct; p) Half ancestral mansion, half safari park, Longleat was transformed into Britain's first safari park in 1966, turning Capability Brown's landscaped grounds into an amazing drive-through zoo, populated by a menagerie of animals more at home in the African wilderness than the fields of Wiltshire. Longleat also has a throng of attractions, including a narrow-gauge railway, Dr Who exhibit, Postman Pat village, pets' corner and butterfly garden. Longleat House is just off the A362, 3 miles from both Frome and Warminster. It was the first English stately home to open its doors to the public, prompted by finance: heavy taxes and mounting post-WWII bills meant the house had to earn its keep. The house itself contains fine tapestries, furniture and decorated ceilings, as well as seven libraries containing around 40,000 tomes. The highlight, though, is an extraordinary series of paintings and psychedelic murals by the present-day marquess, who was an art student in the ̓60s and upholds the long-standing tradition of eccentricity among the English aristocracy – check out his website (www.lordbath.co.uk). ### Malmesbury The mellow hilltop town of Malmesbury is peppered with ancient buildings constructed out of honey-coloured Cotswold stone. It's the oldest borough in England, having been awarded that status in AD 880, and boasts one of the county's finest **market crosse** **s** – a 15th-century crown-like structure built to shelter the poor from the rain. Bus 31 runs to Swindon (£3, one hour, hourly Monday to Saturday); bus 92 heads to Chippenham (£2.70, 45 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). 1Sights Malmesbury AbbeyABBEY ( %01666-826666; www.malmesburyabbey.info; suggested donation £3; h9am-4pm) Malmesbury's big draw is Malmesbury Abbey, a blend of ruin and living church, with a somewhat turbulent history. Notable features include the Norman doorway decorated with biblical figures, the Romanesque Apostle carvings and a four-volume illuminated bible dating from 1407. A window at the western end of the church depicts Elmer the Flying Monk, who in 1010 strapped on wings and jumped from the tower. Although he broke both legs during this leap of faith, he survived and became a local hero. The abbey began began life as a 7th-century monastery, which was later replaced by a Norman church. By the mid-15th century the building had been embellished with a spire and twin towers, but in 1479 a storm toppled one tower and spire, destroying the eastern end of the church. The west tower followed suit in 1662, destroying much of the nave. The present-day church is about a third of its original size, and is flanked by ruins at either end. Just below the abbey are the Abbey House Gardens ( %01666-827650; www.abbeyhousegardens.co.uk; adult/child £8/3; h11am-5.30pm mid-Mar–Oct), which include a herb garden, river, waterfall and 2 hectares of colourful blooms. ### Lacock Pop 1000 With its geranium-covered cottages and higgledy-piggledy rooftops, pockets of the medieval village of Lacock seem to have been preserved in mid-19th-century aspic. The village has been in the hands of the National Trust since 1944, and in many places is remarkably free of modern development – there are no telephone poles or electric street lights and the main car park on the outskirts keeps it largely traffic-free. Unsurprisingly, it's a popular location for costume dramas and feature films – the village and its abbey pop up in the Harry Potter films, _The Other Boleyn Girl_ and BBC adaptations of _Moll Flanders_ and _Pride and Prejudice_. 1Sights Lacock AbbeyABBEY (NT; %01249-730459; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £11.20/5.60; h10.30am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Feb) Lacock Abbey is a window into a medieval world. Founded as an Augustinian nunnery in the 13th century, its deeply atmospheric rooms and stunning Gothic entrance hall are lined with bizarre terracotta figures; spot the scapegoat with a lump of sugar on its nose. Some of the original structure is evident in the cloisters and there are traces of medieval wall paintings too. On Tuesdays year-round and winter weekdays, access is limited to the cloisters. Ela, Countess of Salisbury established the abbey in 1232. After the Dissolution it was sold to Sir William Sharington in 1539, who converted the nunnery into a home, demolished the church, built a tower and added a brewery. The ticket into the abbey also includes admission to the **Fox Talbot Museum** , which profiles the man who pioneered the photographic negative: William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–77). A prolific inventor, he began developing the system in 1834 while working at the abbey. The museum details his ground-breaking work and displays a superb collection of his images. A cheaper ticket (adult/child £8.50/4.50) gets you into the grounds, museum and abbey cloisters, but not the abbey building itself. 4Sleeping & Eating oRed LionINN ( %01249-730456; www.redlionlacock.co.uk; 1 High St; d £120; p W) In atmospheric Lacock where better to sleep than a Georgian coaching inn that oozes ambience. Step on flagstone floors past open fires, up a grand staircase to sweet rooms where padded cushions line mullioned windows with picture-postcard views of ancient streets. The food's notable too (mains £11, served 9am to 8.30pm). King John's Hunting LodgeB&B, CAFE ( %01249-730313; www.kingjohnslodge.2day.ws; 21 Church St; d/f £95/110; p) An air of perfect peace pervades Lacock's oldest building. The decor delightfully matches the beam-lined, irregular-shaped rooms; expect tapestries, dainty chairs and china figurines in meticulous rooms. Afternoon tea in the **cafe** is a must (served 10.30am to 4pm Wednesday to Sunday). Lacock PotteryB&B ( %01249-730266; www.lacockbedandbreakfast.com; Church St; s £56-66, d £89-110; p W) A serene, airy former workhouse featuring peat fires, organic breakfasts and, appropriately, fine ceramics. George InnPUB (www.georgeinnlacock.co.uk; 4 West St; mains £11-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) Sample good grub and local ales at this 14th-century, horse brass–hung pub. 8Getting There & Away Bus 234 runs hourly, Monday to Saturday, from Chippenham (£2.40, 15 minutes). ### Avebury Pop 235 While the tour buses head straight for Stonehenge, prehistoric purists make for the massive stone circle at Avebury. Though it lacks the dramatic trilithons of its sister site across Salisbury Plain, Avebury is just as rewarding to visit. It's bigger and older, and a large section of the village is actually inside the stones – footpaths wind around them, allowing you to really soak up the extraordinary atmosphere. Avebury also boasts an encircling landscape that's rich in prehistoric sites and a manor house where restored rooms span five completely different eras. Avebury 1Top Sights 1Avebury ManorA2 2Avebury Stone CircleB2 1Sights 3Barber Surgeon StoneC4 4ObeliskC3 5Ring StoneD3 6Swindon StoneB1 7Z FeatureC3 4Sleeping 8Avebury LodgeB3 9Manor FarmB3 5Eating 10CircleB2 6Drinking & Nightlife 11Red LionC2 7Shopping 12Henge ShopB3 1Sights oAvebury Stone CircleARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01672-539250; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; h24hr; p) F With a diameter of 348m, Avebury is the largest stone circle in the world. It's also one of the oldest, dating from 2500 to 2200 BC. Today, more than 30 stones are in place; pillars show where missing stones would have been. Wandering between them reveals the sheer scale of the site, evidenced also by the massive bank and ditch that lines the circle; the quieter north-west quadrant is particularly atmospheric. The National Trust holds guided tours daily. Avebury Henge originally consisted of an outer circle of 98 standing stones of up to 6m in length, many weighing 20 tonnes. The stones were surrounded by another circle delineated by a 5m-high earth bank and ditch up to 9m deep. Inside were smaller stone circles to the north (27 stones) and south (29 stones). In the Middle Ages, when Britain's pagan past was an embarrassment to the church, many of the stones were buried, removed or broken up. In 1934, wealthy businessman and archaeologist Alexander Keiller supervised the re-erection of the stones. He later bought the site for posterity using funds from his family's marmalade fortune. Modern roads into Avebury neatly dissect the circle into four sectors. Starting at High St, near the Henge Shop ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), and walking round the circle in an anticlockwise direction, you'll encounter 11 standing stones in the **southwest sector**. They include the Barber Surgeon Stone ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), named after the skeleton of a man found under it – the equipment buried with him suggests he was a barber-cum-surgeon. The **southeast sector** starts with the huge **portal stones** marking the entry to the circle from **West Kennet Avenue**. The **southern inner circle** stood in this sector and within this ring was the obelisk ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) and a group of stones known as the Z Feature ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Just outside this smaller circle, only the base of the Ring Stone ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) survives. In the **northern inner circle** in the **northeast sector** , three sarsens remain of what would have been a rectangular **cove**. The **northwest sector** has the most complete collection of standing stones, including the massive 65-tonne Swindon Stone ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), one of the few never to have been toppled. oAvebury ManorHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01672-539250; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9/4.50; h11am-5pm Thu-Tue Apr-Oct) The mother of all makeovers took place at this 16th-century manor house as part of the BBC TV series _The Manor Reborn_. It used original techniques and materials to recreate interiors spanning five periods, so now you can sit on beds, play billiards and listen to the gramophone in rooms that range from Tudor, through Georgian to the 1930s. In the garden, the topiary and box hedges create a series of rooms that inspired Vita Sackville-West, creator of Sissinghurst gardens ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01580-710 700; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/sissinghurst; adult/concession/family £8.80/4.40/22; h11am-6.30pm, last entry 5.30pm Mon, Tue & Fri, 10am-6.30pm, last entry 5.30pm Sat & Sun mid-Mar–Nov) in Kent. Visits are by timed tickets only; arrive early to bag a slot. Silbury HillARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; p) F Rising abruptly from the fields just south of Avebury, 40m high Silbury Hill is the largest artificial earthwork in Europe. It was built in stages from around 2500 BC, but the reason for its construction remains unclear. Direct access to the hill isn't allowed, but you can view it from a lay-by on the A4. For more atmospheric views, from Avebury head through the main car park, cross the road, then pick up the footpath south across the fields (3 miles return) to the hill's north side. West Kennet Long BarrowARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01672-539250; www.english-heritage.org.uk; hdawn-dusk) F England's finest burial mound dates from around 3500 BC. Its entrance is guarded by huge sarsens and its roof is made out of gigantic overlapping capstones. About 50 skeletons were found when it was excavated; finds are on display at the Wiltshire Heritage Museum in Devizes. A footpath leads from Avebury to West Kennet (2 miles), passing Silbury Hill en route. ### RITUAL LANDSCAPE Avebury is surrounded by a network of ancient monuments, including Silbury Hill and West Kennet Long Barrow. To the south of the village, the West Kennet Avenue stretched out for 1.5 miles, lined by 100 pairs of stones. It linked the Avebury circle with a site called the **Sanctuary**. Post holes indicate that a wooden building surrounded by a stone circle once stood at the Sanctuary, although no one knows quite what the site was for. The Ridgeway national trail (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/ridgeway) starts near Avebury and runs eastwards across Fyfield Down, where many of the sarsen stones at Avebury (and Stonehenge) were collected. 4Sleeping oManor FarmB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01672-539294; www.manorfarmavebury.com; High St; s £70-80, d £90-100; p W) A rare chance to sleep in style inside a stone circle – this red-brick farmhouse snuggles just inside Avebury henge. The elegant, comfy rooms blend old woods with bright furnishings, while the windows provide spine-tingling views of those 4000-year-old standing stones. Avebury LodgeB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01672-539023; www.aveburylodge.co.uk; High St; d £175; p W) It's as if gentlemanly archaeologists are still in situ: antiquarian prints of stone circles smother the walls, pelmets and chandeliers are dotted around. And whenever you glance from a window, a bit of Avebury henge appears. 5Eating & Drinking CircleCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; mains from £7; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar; v) A veggie and wholefood cafe beside the Great Barn serving homemade quiches and cakes, chunky sandwiches and afternoon teas. Red LionPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldenglishinns.co.uk; High St; h11am-11pm) Having a pint here means downing a drink at the only pub in the world inside a stone circle. The food (served noon to 9pm, mains £7 to £13) is firmly traditional – think pork belly and sausage and mash. 8Getting There & Away Bus 49 runs hourly to Swindon (£4.40, 30 minutes) and Devizes (£4, 20 minutes). ## Exmoor National Park Exmoor is more than a little addictive. Even when you get home, your mind could well return to its broad, russet views. In the middle sits the higher moor, an empty, expansive, other-worldly landscape of tawny grasses and huge skies. Here picturesque Exford makes an ideal village base. In the north, sheer, rock-strewn river valleys cut into the plateau and coal-black cliffs lurch towards the sea. Amid these towering headlands, charismatic Porlock, and the twin villages of Lynton and Lynmouth, are atmospheric places to stay. Relaxed Dulverton delivers a country-town vibe, while appealing Dunster boasts cobbled streets and a russet-red castle. And everywhere on Exmoor life is attuned to the rhythm of the seasons; it's a glimpse into another world. Visit – but you're likely to be planning to return before you leave. ### WILDLIFE WATCHING Exmoor supports one of England's largest wild red deer populations, best experienced in autumn when the annual 'rutting' season sees stags bellowing, charging and clashing horns in an attempt to impress prospective mates. Despite their numbers, these skittish creatures are notoriously difficult to spot without some local knowledge. The Exmoor National Park Authority runs regular wildlife-themed guided walks (£3 to £5), or head out on an organised jeep safari to combine scenic sightseeing with a couple of hours of off-road wildlife-spotting. Barle Valley SafarisOUTDOORS ( %01643-841326; www.exmoorwildlifesafaris.co.uk; adult/child £30/25) Runs from Dulverton and Dunster, with pick-ups from Wheddon Cross. Discovery SafarisOUTDOORS ( %01643-863444; www.discoverysafaris.com; per person £25) Twice-daily trips from Porlock. Exmoor SafariOUTDOORS ( %01643-831229; www.exmoorsafari.co.uk; adult/child £35/16) This long-running operator, also does special photography-themed trips. Red Stag SafariOUTDOORS ( %01643-841831; www.redstagsafari.co.uk; safari £25-38) Departs from a wide range of Exmoor towns. 2Activities Exmoor AdventuresOUTDOORS ( %01643-863536; www.exmooradventures.co.uk) Runs kayaking, canoeing, mountain biking, coasteering and rock-climbing sessions. Cycling Despite the formidable hills, cycling is hugely popular on Exmoor. Several sections of the **National Cycle Network** (NCN; www.sustrans.org.uk) cross the park, including the Westcountry Way (NCN route 3) from Bristol to Land's End, and the Devon Coast to Coast (NCN route 27), between Illfracombe and Plymouth, via Dartmoor and Exmoor. Exmoor is also one of the county's most exhilarating off-road cycling destinations, with a wealth of bridleways and permitted tracks. The Exmoor National Park Authority has produced a colour-coded, off-road cycle map (£10); buy it at tourist offices or from the ENPA website. Exmoor Adventures runs a five-hour mountain-biking skills course (£50) and also hires bikes (adult per day £25). Exmoor Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01598-753967; www.exmoorcyclehire.co.uk; adult per day/week £14/50, child £8/28) PompysBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01643-704077; www.pompyscycles.co.uk; Mart Rd, Minehead; per day £15; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Pony Trekking & Horse Riding Exmoor is prime riding country, with stables offering pony and horse treks from around £40 to £45 for a two-hour ride. Brendan Manor StablesHORSE RIDING ( %01598-741246; www.ridingonexmoor.co.uk; Brendon Manor, near Lynton) Burrowhayes FarmHORSE RIDING ( %01643-862463; www.burrowhayes.co.uk; West Luccombe, near Porlock) Outovercott StablesHORSE RIDING ( %01598-753 341; www.outovercott.co.uk; near Lynton) Walking The open moors and profusion of marked bridleways make Exmoor an excellent area for hiking. The best-known routes are the **Somerset & North Devon Coast Path**, which is part of the **South West Coast Path** (www.southwestcoastpath.com), and the Exmoor section of the **Two Moors Way** , which starts in Lynmouth and travels south to Dartmoor and beyond. Other superb routes include the **Coleridge Way** (www.coleridgeway.co.uk) which winds for 51 miles through Exmoor, the Brendon Hills and the Quantocks. Part of the 180-mile **Tarka Trail** cuts through the park; join it at Combe Martin, hike along the cliffs to Lynton/Lynmouth, then head across the moor towards Barnstaple. Organised walks run by the ENPA are held throughout the year and include deer safaris, nightjar walks and dark sky strolls. ### STARGAZING ON EXMOOR All over Exmoor people are chuffed to bits that it's been named Europe's first International Dark Sky Reserve. The ENPA runs free night-time stargazing strolls; eerie hilltop hikes where the inky blackness is punctuated by mesmerising constellations. The authority's (free) Dark Sky Discovery leaflets feature star-charts and maps. For optimum views, central, higher Exmoor is best; try the hills around Dunkery Beacon. 8Information Internet Resources Active ExmoorOUTDOORS (www.activeexmoor.com) Info on outdoor activities. Visit ExmoorINTERNET (www.visit-exmoor.co.uk) Official visitor website with useful advice on activities, events and accommodation. Tourist Information There are three Exmoor National Park Authority (ENPA; www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk) tourist offices. Dulverton Tourist Office TOURIST INFORMATION ( %01398-323841; www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk; 7-9 Fore St, Dulverton; h10am-5pm) Dunster Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01643-821835; www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk; Dunster Steep, Dunster; h10am-5pm) Lynmouth Tourist Office TOURIST INFORMATION ( %01598-752509; www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk; The Esplanade, Lynmouth; h10am-5pm) 8Getting Around The MoorRover ( %01643-709701) is an on-demand minibus that can take you anywhere on Exmoor. Prices range from £10 to £30, depending on distances involved. It'll also carry bikes and provide a luggage transfer service. Book at least a day ahead. Exmoor's bus routes are listed at the **ExploreMoor** (www.exploremoor.co.uk) website. Be aware: some services are seasonal, and the more remote ones are particularly prone to change. A **300** (one to three daily Monday to Saturday, no Sunday service October to May) Heads along the coast from the resort of Minehead to Lynmouth, via Porlock. One to two services go onto Ilfracombe on Saturday and Sunday. A **309/310** (nine daily, Monday to Saturday) Year round; runs from Barnstaple, via Parracombe to Lynmouth. A **398** (six daily Monday to Saturday) Year round; cuts through the moor from Minehead to Tiverton via Dunster, Wheddon Cross and Dulverton. One bus a day stops at Exford. ### Dulverton Pop 1500 The southern gateway to Exmoor National Park, Dulverton sits at the base of the Barle Valley near the confluence of two key rivers: the Exe and Barle. A traditional country town, it's home to a collection of gun-sellers, fishing-tackle stores and gift shops, and makes an attractive edge-of moor base. 1Sights Tarr StepsLANDMARK ( h24hr) F Exmoor's most famous landmark is an ancient stone clapper bridge shaded by gnarled old trees. Its huge slabs are propped up on stone columns embedded in the River Barle. Local folklore aside (which declares it was used by the devil for sunbathing), it first pops into the historical record in the 1600s and has had to be rebuilt after 21st-century floods. The steps are signed off the B3223 Dulverton to Simonsbath road 5 miles northwest of Dulverton. Or hike there from Dulverton along the banks of the River Barle (12 miles return). 4Sleeping oStreamcombe Farm B&B ( %01398-323775; www.streamcombefarm.co.uk; Streamcombe Lane, near Dulverton; s £60-65, d £75-100; p) In this enchanting, 18th-century farmhouse stylish, rustic-chic bedrooms feature chimney breasts and reclaimed joists, and the only sounds are the sheep, deer and pheasants outside. There's woodland camping (per person £10) and a two-person shepherd`s hut (£75) too. Town MillsB&B ( %01398-323124; www.townmillsdulverton.co.uk; High St; s/d £85/95; p W) The top choice if you want to stay in town is a thoroughly contemporary riverside mill with creamy carpets, magnolia walls and bursts of floral art. Tarr FarmHOTEL ( %01643-851507; www.tarrfarm.co.uk; Tarr Steps; s/d £85/150; p) This is the place to really lose yourself: a charming farmhouse nested among the woods near Tarr Steps, 7 miles from Dulverton. The nine rooms are spacious and luxurious, with spoil-yourself extras such as organic bath goodies and homemade biscuits. ### HOSTELS & CAMPING BARNS The only YHA hostel inside Exmoor National Park is at Exford ( %0845 3719634; www.yha.org.uk; Exe Mead; dm £18; p). For more basic accommodation, there are camping barns at Mullacott Farm (YHA; %0800 0191 700; www.yha.org.uk; Mullacott Cross, near Ilfracombe; per person £10) near Ilfracombe and Northcombe Farm (YHA; %0800 0191 700; www.yha.org.uk; Hollam, near Dulverton; per person £9) near Dulverton; you'll need all the usual camping supplies. 5Eating Exclusive Cake CoBAKERY (www.exclusivecakecompany.co.uk; 19 High St; items from £3; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 2pm Sat) Real rarities stack the shelves here: Exmoor ale, cheese and wholegrain mustard bread; Somerset cider cake; venison and port pie (note the typically Exmoor warning: 'Game pies may contain lead shot'). Mortimers CAFE ( %01398-323850; 13 High St; mains from £6; h9.30am-5.15pm Thu-Tue) Top-class teas (including many rare estate varieties) are the order of the day at this charmingly frilly and floral tearoom, but it's worth leaving room for the Welsh rarebits and crumbly cakes. oWoodsBISTRO ( %01398-324007; www.woodsdulverton.co.uk; 4 Bank Sq; mains £19; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm) Woods has got country-but-classy down to a fine art, both in decor and dishes. Deer antlers hang on rough stone walls, and trestle tables sit beside wood-panelled booths. Exmoor beef, lamb, pigeon and cheeses fill the menu; truffle purée, pickled mushrooms and caramelised walnuts add élan. ### Lynton & Lynmouth Tucked in amid precipitous cliffs and steep, tree-lined slopes, these twin coastal towns are a landscape painter's dream. Bustling Lynmouth sits beside the shore, a busy harbour lined with pubs and souvenir shops. On the cliff top Lynton feels much more genteel and well-to-do. A cliffside railway links the two; it's powered by the rushing West Lyn river, which feeds numerous cascades and waterfalls nearby. 1Sights Cliff RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01598-753486; www.cliffrailwaylynton.co.uk; adult single/return £2.50/3.50, child £1.50/2; h10am-5pm Feb-Oct, to 7pm Jun-Aug) This extraordinary piece of Victorian engineering sees two cars linked by a steel cable descend or ascend the sloping cliff face according to the weight of water in the cars' tanks. All burnished wood and polished brass, it's been running since 1890 and makes for an unmissable ride. Flood Memorial HallINTERPRETATION CENTRE (The Esplanade, Lynmouth; h9am-5pm Easter-Oct) F On 16 August 1952 a huge wave of water swept through Lynmouth after torrential rain. The devastation was immense – 34 people lost their lives; four bridges and countless houses were washed away. This exhibition features a scale model of the pre-flood village, photos of the destroyed buildings and personal testimonies of those involved. 2Activities Popular hiking trails among Lynton and Lynmouth's spectacular scenery include ones to the lighthouse at **Foreland Point** , to **Watersmeet** , 2 miles east of Lynmouth (reached via the gorgeous East Lyn River glade), and along the scenic **Glen Lyn Gorge**. Valley of the RocksWALKING The dramatic geology in this valley was described by poet Robert Southey as 'rock reeling upon rock, stone piled upon stone, a huge terrifying reeling mass'. Look out for the formations dubbed the Devil's Cheesewring and Ragged Jack – and also the feral goats that wander the tracks. It's a mile's walk west of Lynton along a cracking coast path. 4Sleeping oRock HouseB&B ( %01598-753508; www.rock-house.co.uk; Manor Green, Lynmouth; s £45, d £100-120) The setting is simply superb: set right on Lynmouth's pocket-sized harbour, steep hills slope up on three sides. Contemporary rooms sport leather headboards, lilac scatter-cushions and mini-armchairs. All have extraordinary views; the best is number four, where the window is next to the beach. North Walk HouseB&B ( %01598-753372; www.northwalkhouse.co.uk; North Walk, Lynton; d £60-80; p W) Stripped wooden floors, stripy bedspreads and colourful rugs give North Walk House a gently funky feel. The views over the sea and rugged cliffs are fantastic, while the all-organic breakfasts feature Exmoor bacon and sausages, and Aga-baked eggs. Castle HillB&B ( %01598-752291; www.castlehill.biz; Castle Hill, Lynton; d £70-95, f £140; W) Despite a stately Victorian exterior, the rooms in this central-Lynton guesthouse are decidedly modern; oatmeal colours combine with chunky wood furniture and the odd cherry-red settee. The mini-suites have tiny balconies with fine hill and town views. oMillers at the TorsBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01598-753236; www.millerslynmouth.co.uk; Countisbury Hill, Lynmouth; d £180-300; p) With lashings of sculpture, paintings and exotic artefacts, eccentric doesn't even begin to describe this objet d'art–packed enclave. It was set up by the late Martin Miller, of the _Miller's Antiques_ books, which explains the delightfully over-the-top furnishings. It's set partway up precipitous Countisbury Hill, which explains the wraparound views. 5Eating Charlie Friday'sCAFE (www.charliefridays.co.uk; Church Hill, Lynton; items from £3; h10am-5pm Feb-Nov) A funky, friendly hang-out serving melting pastries, thick sarnies and fair-trade, two-shot espresso that really packs a punch. Rising SunINN ( %01598-753223; www.risingsunlynmouth.co.uk; mains £12-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) Head chef Ben Meill delights in pairing Westcountry produce with European flavours, so tuck into soft, seared scallops with crisp pancetta, or crab with coriander and lime. The building itself has plenty of smugglers' character too, with higgledy-piggledy floors and hefty beams. 8Information Lynmouth has an ENPA tourist office. Lynton Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01598-752225; www.lynton-lynmouth-tourism.co.uk; Lynton Town Hall, Lee Rd; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 2pm Sun) ### Porlock & Around Pop 2300 The coastal village of Porlock is one of the prettiest on the north Exmoor coast; the huddle of thatched cottages lining its main street is framed on one side by the sea, and on the other by houses clinging to the steeply sloping hills behind. Winding lanes lead to the charismatic breakwater of **Porlock Weir** , 2 miles to the west, with its arching pebble beach and striking coastal views. 1Sights Holnicote EstateHISTORIC BUILDINGS (NT; %01823-451587; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; near Porlock; h24hr; p) F The 5060-hectare Holnicote Estate sweeps southeast out of Porlock, taking in a string of impossibly pretty villages. Picturesque **Bossington** leads to charming **Allerford** , with its 15th-century packhorse bridge. The biggest, **Selworthy** , offers eye-catching Exmoor views, a cafe, shop, and cob-and-thatch cottages clustering around the village green. 4Sleeping & Eating oMillers at the AnchorBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01643-862753; www.millersuk.com/anchor; Porlock Weir; s £65-95, d £90-155; p W) Stuffed with antiques, overflowing with piled-up books, and scattered with exotic rugs, Millers delivers an enjoyably overwhelming dose of English eccentricity. Gilt-framed mirrors jostle with marble busts, vast beds and captivating views of Porlock Weir. But the chess set in the lounge and the quirky home cinema may tempt you from your room. CulboneINN ( %01643-862259; www.theculbone.com; near Porlock; mains £13-25; hnoon-10pm Tue-Sat, to 4pm Sun; p) The menu at this smart restaurant, with rooms, is stuffed with local produce – plump for the 28-day aged Devon-red steaks and choose from three different cuts or a huge chateaubriand for two. The contemporary-chic setting, with slate floors and black leather chairs, runs into the upstairs rooms (£85 to £100). Ship InnINN (www.shipinnporlock.co.uk; High St, Porlock; mains £8-16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm; p) Coleridge and pal Robert Southey both downed pints in this thatched Porlock inn – you can even sit in 'Southey's Corner'. Substantial pub food – mainly steaks, roasts and stews – is served in the bar, and there are 10 light bedrooms (doubles £70) in pine and cream. 8Information Porlock Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01643-863150; www.porlock.co.uk; High St, Porlock; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 1pm Sun) ### DRIVING TO PORLOCK If you're driving, you can choose from two picturesque routes into Porlock village. The New Road Toll Road sweeps through pine forests and round U-bends, while Porlock Hill (A39) is a brake-burning 1:4 descent. Another toll road, the Porlock Scenic (Worthy) Toll Road, provides an alternative, bouncing, route up out of Porlock Weir. ### Dunster Pop 850 Centred on a scarlet-walled castle and a medieval yarn market, Dunster is one of Exmoor's oldest villages, a tempting tangle of cobbled streets, bubbling brooks and packhorse bridges. 1Sights Dunster CastleCASTLE (NT; %01643-821314; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9.30/4.60; h11am-5pm Mar-Oct; p) Rosy-hued Dunster Castle crowns a densely wooded hill. Built by the Luttrell family, who once owned much of northern Exmoor, the oldest sections are 13th century, although the turrets and exterior walls are 19th-century additions. Look out for Tudor furnishings, 17th-century plasterwork and a ridiculously grand staircase. Leave time to explore the colourful terraced gardens, with their riverside walks and views across Exmoor's shores. St George's ChurchCHURCH Dunster's beautiful church dates mostly from the 15th century and boasts an intricately carved fan-vaulted rood screen. Just behind the church is a 16th-century dovecote, used for breeding edible squabs (young pigeons) for the dinner table at Dunster Castle. WatermillMILL ( %01643-821759; Mill Lane; adult/child £3.75/2.75; h11am-4.45pm Apr-Oct) Most of the original cogs, wheels and grinding stones still rotate away in this working 18th-century mill. There's a picturesque riverside tearoom alongside. 4Sleeping & Eating Mill Stream CottageB&B ( %01643-821966; www.millstreamcottagedunster.co.uk; 2 Mill Lane; s £55, d £74-84) In the 1600s this was Dunster's workhouse, but now it's a sweet-as-pie guesthouse with country cottage–style rooms. There are homemade cakes on arrival and home-baked biscuits on the tea tray, plus an oh-so-comfy guest lounge, where you can snooze in front of the wood-burner. Dunster Castle HotelHOTEL ( %01643-823030; www.thedunstercastlehotel.co.uk; 5 High St; d £70-160; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm; W) Everything feels rich in this former coaching inn, from the dark purple furnishings and gleaming wooden furniture, to the plush, heraldic-style throws. The bar is comfy, while the buzzy restaurant (mains £14 to £22) specialises in intense flavours; expect beef with chorizo, and scallops with air-dried ham. Spears CrossB&B ( %01643-821439; www.spearscross.co.uk; 1 West St; d £97-107; p W) One for the connoisseur – of cuisine and beams. Age-old elm supports are everywhere, along with panels, floral furnishings and raspberry-red walls. Breakfast features bucks fizz with freshly squeezed orange juice, home-cured bacon, locally smoked trout and spelt and honey artesanal bread. Reeve'sBRITISH ( %01643- 821414; www.reevesrestaurantdunster.co.uk; 20 High St; mains £12-25; hnoon-1.30pm Sat & Sun, 7-9pm Tue-Sat) Seriously stylish Reeve's dishes up Dunster's best food. Complex, satisfying creations include piled-up confit of duck and chicken, saffron-fragranced turbot, and a still-warm, zesty lemon meringue. CobblestonesCAFE ( %01643-821595; www.cobblestonesofdunster.co.uk; 24 High St; mains £5-10; h10am-3.30pm daily, 6.30-8.30pm Wed-Sat) Plump for a ham or cheese platter or potted prawns on toast at this village cafe, or drop in for a superior cream tea. 8Getting There & Away Bus 28 stops at Dunster on its way between Taunton and Minehead (£4, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday). The West Somerset Railway ( %01643-704996; www.west-somerset-railway.co.uk; 24hr rover ticket adult/child £17/8.50) stops at Dunster during the summer, with four to seven trains daily from May to October. ## Devon Devon offers freedom. Its rippling, beach-fringed landscape is studded with historic homes, vibrant cities and wild, wild moors. So here you can ditch schedules and to-do lists and hike a rugged coast path, take a scenic boat trip, or get lost in hedge-lined lanes that aren't even on your map. Discover collegiate Exeter, touristy Torquay, yachting haven Dartmouth and alternative Totnes. Or escape to wilderness Dartmoor and the remote, surf-dashed north coast. Sample wine made from the vines beside you and food that's fresh from field, furrow or sea. Go surfing, cycling, kayaking, horse riding, sea swimming and barefoot beachcombing. Heading to Devon? Then prepare for freedom and sandy feet. 8Information Visit DevonTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitdevon.co.uk) 8Getting Around Traveline South WestTOURIST INFORMATION (www.travelinesw.com) Searchable database of bus and train times. Bus The Devon interactive **bus map** (www.journeydevon.info) helps in route-planning. Central Dartmoor is covered by a fleet of smaller operators. FirstBUS (www.firstgroup.com) A key operator in Plymouth and south Devon. Stagecoach DevonBUS (www.stagecoachbus.com) Runs services around Exeter, north Devon, south Dartmoor and Torquay. Bus Passes First Seven DayBUS (adult/child/family £37/23/58) Weeklong pass for most First buses in Devon. Firstday SouthwestBUS (adult/child £7.40/5.30) A day's unlimited bus travel on First buses in Devon and Cornwall. MegaRiderGoldBUS (1/4 weeks £26/94) Unlimited travel on all southwest Stagecoach buses. Stagecoach ExplorerBUS (adult/child/family £7.50/5/15) One day's travel on Stagecoach's southwest network. Train Devon's main line skirts southern Dartmoor, running from Exeter to Plymouth and on to Cornwall. Branch lines include the 39-mile Exeter–Barnstaple Tarka Line, the 15-mile Plymouth–Gunnislake Tamar Valley Line and the scenic Exeter–Torquay Paignton line. Freedom of Devon & Cornwall RoverTRAIN PASS Allows unlimited train travel in Devon and Cornwall for three days out of seven (adult/child £45/23), or eight days out of 15 (£65/39). ### Exeter & Around Pop 117,800 Well heeled and comfortable, Exeter exudes evidence of its centuries-old role as the spiritual and administrative heart of Devon. The city's Gothic cathedral presides over pockets of cobbled streets; medieval and Georgian buildings, and fragments of the Roman city stretch out all around. A snazzy new shopping centre brings bursts of the modern, thousands of university students ensure a buzzing nightlife, and the vibrant quayside acts as a launch pad for cycling or kayaking trips. Throw in some stylish places to stay and eat and you have a relaxed but lively base for explorations. #### DON'T MISS ### CATHEDRAL ROOF TOURS For a sensational view of Exeter Cathedral book one of these high-rise guided walks ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-285983; www.exeter-cathedral.org.uk; adult/child £10/5; h2pm Tue-Thu, 11am Sat Apr-Sep). Climb 251 steps up spiral staircases, head out onto the sweeping roof, then gaze down on the city from the edge of the North Tower. They're popular so book two weeks ahead. History Exeter's past can be read in its buildings. The Romans marched in around AD 55 – their 17-hectare fortress included a 2-mile defensive wall, crumbling sections of which remain, especially in Rougemont and Northernhay Gardens. Saxon and Norman times saw growth: a castle went up in 1068, the cathedral 40 years later. The Tudor wool boom brought Exeter an export trade, riches and half-timbered houses; prosperity continued into the Georgian era when hundreds of merchants built genteel homes. The Blitz of WWII brought devastation. In 1942, in just one night, 156 people died and 12 hectares of the city were flattened. In the 21st century the £220 million Princesshay Shopping Centre has added shimmering glass and steel lines to the architectural mix. Exeter 1Top Sights 1Exeter CathedralC3 2RAMMC2 3Underground PassagesD2 1Sights 4St Nicholas PrioryB3 2Activities, Courses & Tours Exeter Cathedral Guided ToursC3 Exeter Cathedral Roof ToursC3 5Redcoat ToursC3 6Saddles & PaddlesC4 4Sleeping 7ABode ExeterC3 8Globe BackpackersC4 9Magdalen ChapterD4 10RafflesD1 11TownhouseA1 12White HartC4 5Eating 13@Angela'sB4 14HerbiesB3 15Michael CainesC3 RefectoryC3 16RubyC2 17Rusty BikeC1 6Drinking & Nightlife 18Mamma Stone'sB3 19Old FirehouseD2 20TimepieceC2 3Entertainment 21Bike ShedB3 22Exeter PicturehouseB4 23PhoenixC2 1Sights oExeter CathedralCATHEDRAL (Cathedral Church of St Peter; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392 285983; www.exeter-cathedral.org.uk; The Close; adult/child £6/free; h9.30am-4.45pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-3.30pm Sun) Magnificent in warm, honey-coloured stone, Exeter's cathedral is one of Devon's most prestigious sights. Dating largely from the 12th and 13th centuries, one end of the exterior is framed by extraordinary medieval statuary, while inside the ceiling is mesmerising – the longest unbroken Gothic vaulting in the world, it sweeps up to meet ornate ceiling bosses in gilt and vibrant colours. Other highlights include elegant wood carvings and striking sculptures. The site has been a religious one since at least the 5th century but the Normans started the current building in 1114; the towers of today's cathedral date from that period. In 1270 a 90-year remodelling process began, introducing a mix of Early English and Decorated Gothic styles. Above the **Great West Front** scores of weather-worn figures line a once brightly painted screen that now forms England's largest collection of 14th-century sculpture. Inside, the exquisitely symmetrical ceiling soars up and along, towards the north transept and the 15th-century **Exeter Clock** : in keeping with medieval astronomy it shows the earth as a golden ball at the centre of the universe with the sun, a fleur-de-lys, travelling round. Still ticking and whirring, it chimes on the hour. The huge oak canopy over the **Bishop's Throne** was carved in 1312, while the 1350 **minstrels' gallery** is decorated with 12 angels playing musical instruments. Cathedral staff will point out the famous sculpture of the lady with two left feet and the tiny **St James Chapel** , built to repair the one destroyed in the Blitz. Look out for its unusual carvings: a cat, a mouse and, oddly, a rugby player. The Roof Tours are superb; as are the 45-minute ground-floor guided tours ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; incl in admission ; h11am, 12.30pm & 2.30pm Mon-Sat). Evocative choral **evensong** services are held at 5.30pm Monday to Friday, and 4pm Saturday and Sunday. In the adjoining Refectory (Serlo's; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; mains £6; h10am-4.45pm Mon-Sat) you can tuck into cakes, quiches and soups at trestle tables surrounded by vaulted ceilings, stained glass and busts of the great, the good and the dead. oUnderground PassagesUNDERGROUND ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-665887; www.exeter.gov.uk/passages; Paris St; adult/child £6/4; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Jun-Sep, 11.30am-4pm Tue-Sun Oct-May) Prepare to crouch down, don a hard hat and possibly get spooked in what is the only publicly accessible system of its kind in England. These medieval vaulted passages were built to house pipes bringing fresh water to the city. Guides lead you on a scramble through the network telling tales of ghosts, escape routes and cholera. The last tour is an hour before closing; they're popular – book ahead. oRAMMMUSEUM (Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-265858; www.rammuseum.org.uk; Queen St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F The imposing, red-brick exterior looks every inch the Victorian museum, but a £24 million revamp has brought the exhibits bang up to date. Interactive displays focus on Exeter's heritage from prehistory to the present, as well as global exploration and the concept of collecting. Look out for Exeter's Roman-era artefacts, local Tudor carvings and the striking ethnographic displays which include African masks, samurai armour and the mummy of Shep en-Mut. Bill Douglas CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-724321; www.billdouglas.org; Old Library, Prince of Wales Rd; h10am-5pm; p) F A delightful homage to film and fun, the Bill Douglas Centre is a compact collection of all things celluloid, from magic lanterns to Mickey Mouse. Inside discover just what the butler did see and why the flicks are called the flicks. Among the mass of movie memorabilia are Charlie Chaplin bottle stoppers, Ginger Rogers playing cards, James Bond board games and _Star Wars_ toys. It's set on the Exeter University campus, a mile northwest of the city centre. St Nicholas PrioryHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-265858; www.exeter.gov.uk/priory; The Mint; adult/child £4.20/1.60; h10am-5pm Sat, plus Mon-Fri school holidays) For a vivid glimpse of life inside a late-Elizabethan town house, head to this 900-year-old former Benedictine monastery. Its beautiful russet stone walls shelter interiors alive with brightly coloured furnishings, elaborate plaster ceilings and intricate oak panelling. Powderham CastleHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01626-890243; www.powderham.co.uk; adult/child £11/10; h11am-4.30pm Sun-Fri Apr-Oct; p) The historic, and current, home of the Earl of Devon, Powderham is a stately but still friendly place that was built in 1391 and remodelled in the Victorian era. A visit takes in a fine wood-panelled Great Hall, parkland with 650 deer and glimpses of life 'below stairs' in the kitchen. Powderham is on the River Exe near Kenton, 8 miles south of Exeter. Bus 2 runs from Exeter (£3.80, 30 minutes, every 20 minutes Monday to Saturday). A La RondeHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01395-265514; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Summer Lane; adult/child £8/4; h11am-5pm early-Feb–Oct, noon-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Jan; p) This quirky 16-sided cottage was built in 1796 so two spinster cousins could display a mass of curiosities acquired on their 10-year European grand tour. Its glass alcoves, low lintels and tiny doorways mean it's like clambering through a doll's house – highlights are a delicate feather frieze in the drawing room and a gallery smothered with a thousand seashells. The house is 10 miles south of Exeter, near Exmouth; bus 57 (£4.30, 30 minutes, every 15 minutes) runs close by. #### WORTH A TRIP ### RIVER COTTAGE CANTEEN TV chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall campaigns on sustainable food, so it's fitting his east Devon canteen ( %01297-631715; www.rivercottage.net; Trinity Sq, Axminster; mains £8-16; h9am-5pm daily, 6.30-9pm Tue-Sat; v), 30 miles east of Exeter, champions local, seasonal and organic ingredients. Hearty flavours feature cured wild boar, venison scotch eggs, and sharing platters of local meats, fish and cheese. Drinks include Stinger Beer; brewed from (carefully) hand-picked Dorset nettles. Alternatively, book a four-course gastronomic delight at the nearby River Cottage HQ ( %01297-630300.; www.rivercottage.net; 2-course lunch £55, 4-course dinner £70-90; hnoon-3pm Sun, 7.30-11pm Fri & Sat); booking required. There's another River Cottage Canteen in Plymouth. 2Activities The River Exe and the Exeter Canal are framed by foot and cycle paths which wind south from the **Quay** , past pubs, beside an ever-broadening estuary towards the sea, 10 miles away. Saddles & PaddlesOUTDOORS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-424241; www.sadpad.com; Exeter Quay; h9am-6pm) Rents out bikes (adult per hour/day £6/15), kayaks (£10/35) and Canadian canoes (£15/50); the tourist office stocks maps. TTours oRedcoat ToursWALKING TOURS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-265203; www.exeter.gov.uk/visiting; h3-6pm daily Apr-Oct, 2 daily Nov-Mar) F For an informed and entertaining introduction to Exeter's history, tag along on one of these 1½-hour tours. Themes range from murder and trade to the Tudors and religion – there are even torchlit prowls through the catacombs and evening ghost walks. Tours leave from Cathedral Yard or the Quay; there's no need to book. 4Sleeping oWood LifeCAMPSITE ( %01392-832509; www.thewoodlife.org; The Linhay; 5/7 nights from £550/800; hApr-Oct; p) The trappings that come with this luxurious, six-person safari-style tent don't just include brass bedsteads draped with Egyptian cotton and thick rugs on decked floors. There's also a firepit (plus campfire kettle), tub of fresh herbs and vintage games chest. Add firewood-warmed showers and your very own 3.5-hectare wood, and you have comfy camping heaven. It's on the outskirts of Kenn village, 7 miles south of Exeter. Globe BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-215521; www.exeterbackpackers.co.uk; 71 Holloway St; dm/d £17.50/45; p W) Rightly a firm favourite among budget travellers, this spotlessly clean, relaxed, rambling house boasts three doubles, roomy dorms and wet room showers that are positively luxurious. ABode ExeterHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-319955; www.abodehotels.co.uk/exeter; Cathedral Yard; r £90-300; W) At ABode, Georgian grandeur meets minimalist chic. Wonky floors and stained glass combine with recessed lighting, pared-down furniture and neutral tones. The rooms range from 'comfortable' and 'enviable' to 'fabulous', where slanted ceilings frame grandstand cathedral views. Prices depend on availability; book ahead to bag bargains. RafflesB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-270200; www.raffles-exeter.co.uk; 11 Blackall Rd; s/d/f £55/78/88; p W) The antique dealer owner has peppered each room of this late-Victorian town house with heritage features – look out for Bakelite radios, wooden plant stands and polished trunks. Largely organic breakfasts and a walled garden add to the appeal. White HartINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-279897; www.whitehartpubexeter.co.uk; 66 South St; s/d £74/84; p W) They've been putting people up here since the Plantagenets were on the throne in the 1300s. The courtyard is a wisteria-fringed bobble of cobbles and the bar is book-lined and beamed. Rooms are tasteful modern affairs with suede chairs, honey and gold hues and glinting bathrooms. TownhouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-494 994; www.townhouseexeter.co.uk; 54 St David's Hill; s/d/f £40/80/90; p W) Expect simple but delightful rooms with stripped wooden floors and clean, pared-down lines, spiced up by dashes of intense colour. The Victorian exterior drips with ivy and all the rooms are named after literary characters – will you opt for Moneypenny, Lorna Doone or Darcy? oMagdalen ChapterBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-281 000; www.themagdalenchapter.com; Magdalen St; d £160-250; i W s) Undoubtedly Exeter's coolest hotel (staff wear converse trainers and low-slung slacks) the Magdalen is replete with funky flourishes. Lush purple corridors lead to dove-grey bedrooms, each with iPad, coffee machine, complimentary mini bar and mood lighting. There's even a tiny, heated outdoor pool that leads into an indoor enclave made toasty by a log burner. ### BLACKDOWN YURTS Organic bedding, fresh spring water, thick rugs and blazing log burners make this hipster sleep-spot ( %01884-266699; www.blackdownyurts.co.uk; near Exeter; 6-person yurt per 5 days £200; p) utterly irresistible. There's a field kitchen, fire pit and an endless supply of logs too. The four, cosy, ecofriendly yurts are tucked away on a sleepy smallholding around 15 miles east of Exeter. 5Eating oRusty BikeMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-214440; www.rustybike-exeter.co.uk; 67 Howell Rd; mains £15-19; h6-10pm daily, noon-3pm Sat & Sun) A vintage football table and bashed-about chairs set the scene for some seriously stylish rustic cuisine. Menus change daily depending on deliveries from local suppliers. So expect rarities like confit goose and pistachio; beef chuck and carrots; or truffle-laced pheasant breast – delivered, of course, by the local gamekeeper. RubyBURGERS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rubyburgers.com; 74 Queen St; mains £5.50-10; h10am-10pm) The vibe might be retro-hip, but the focus on prime local ingredients is pure zeitgeist: succulent beef patties from Devon herds, outdoor-reared pork, free-range chicken. Add Devon Blue cheese and edge-of-Exeter veg and you have modern-diner dining that's a cut above the rest. HerbiesVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 15 North St; mains £7-11; h11am-2.30pm Mon-Sat, 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Sat;; v) Cosy and gently groovy, Herbies has been cheerfully feeding Exeter's veggies for more than 20 years. Tuck into delicious Tuscan mushrooms, Moroccan tagine or butter bean, thyme and squash risotto. They take good culinary care of vegans too. oMichael CainesFINE DINING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-319 955; www.michaelcaines.com; Cathedral Yard; mains £24; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Mon-Sat) Run by the eponymous, double Michelin-starred chef, the food here is a complex blend of prime Westcountry ingredients and full-bodied French flavours. Gastronomes linger over the seven-course tasting menu (£65), but the set lunches (two/three courses £13/18) are some of the best deals in town. @Angela'sMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-499038; www.angelasrestaurant.co.uk; 38 New Bridge St; mains £20; h6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) Dedication to sourcing local ingredients sometimes sees the chef here rising before dawn to bag the best fish at Brixham Market. The garlic-infused roasted monkfish is worth the trip alone, while the Devon duck is made memorable by a rich caramelised orange sauce. Also open for reservations only at lunch Friday and Saturday. 6Drinking & Nightlife oOld FirehousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldfirehouseexeter.co.uk; 50 New North Rd; hnoon-2am Mon-Wed, to 3am Thu-Sat, to 1am Sun) Step into the snug, candlelit interior of this Exeter institution and feel instantly at home. Here, dried hops hang from rafters above flagstone floors and walls of exposed stone. The range of draught ciders and cask ales is truly impressive while the pizzas, served after 9pm, have kept countless students fed. Mamma Stone'sLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mamastones.com; 1 Mary Arches St; h6pm-midnight ) A cool venue showcasing everything from acoustic sets to pop, folk and jam nights; many of the acts have been schooled at the artist-development program which operates alongside. Mama Stone's daughter, Joss (yes, _the_ Joss Stone) plays sometimes too. It's open 9pm to 3am when bands play. TimepieceCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.timepiecenightclub.co.uk; Little Castle St; h9.30pm-1.30am Mon-Wed, 10pm-2am Fri & Sat) DJ sets range from salsa (Tuesday) and indie electro (Friday), to multi-genre club classics on Saturday nights. 3Entertainment PhoenixPERFORMING ARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.exeterphoenix.org.uk; Gandy St; h10am-11pm Mon-Sat; W) Exeter's art and soul; the Phoenix is a buzzing blend of indy cinema, performance space, galleries and a cool cafe-bar (snacks to 9pm). Exeter PicturehouseCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 902 5730; www.picturehouses.co.uk; 51 Bartholomew St West) An intimate, independent cinema, screening mainstream and art-house movies. Bike ShedTHEATRE, BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-434169; www.bikeshedtheatre.co.uk; 162 Fore St; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat, 5-11pm Sun) Emerging writers are profiled in the Bike Shed's rough 'n' ready subterranean, brick-lined performance space. Its vintage cocktail bar makes a hip setting for live music and DJ sets on Friday and Saturday nights. 8Information Exeter LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle St; per 30min £3; h9am-6pm Mon, Tue, Thu & Fri, 10am-5pm Wed 9am-4pm Sat; W) Internet accses and free wi-fi. Main Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-665700; www.heartofdevon.com; Dix's Field; h9.30am-4.30pm) Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08452-777444; Heavitree Rd; h24hr) Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Barrack Rd) Accident and emergency. Tourist Office at the QuayTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01392-271611; www.heartofdevon.com; The Quay; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Air Exeter InternationalAIRPORT (www.exeter-airport.co.uk) Flights connect with Europe and the UK, including Amsterdam, Glasgow, the Isles of Scilly, Manchester, Newcastle and Paris, plus the Channel Islands. Bus Services include: A **Bude** (£6.50, two hours, five daily Monday to Saturday) Bus X9; runs via Okehampton. A **Jurassic Coast Bus/Bus X53** Four to six daily to Lyme Regis (£7), Weymouth (£7.20) and Poole (£7.20); no service on winter Sundays. A **Moretonhampstead** (£3.50, one hour, six daily Monday to Saturday) Bus 359. A **Plymouth** (£6.50, 1¼ hours, two-hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) Bus X38. A **Totnes** (£5.80, 50 minutes, seven daily Monday to Saturday, two on Sunday) Bus X64. A **Transmoor Link/Bus 82** Runs on summer Saturdays and Sundays only (mid-May to mid-September), making one trip each way from Exeter to Tavistock (£5.80) via Moretonhampstead, Postbridge, Princetown and Yelverton. Train Main-line trains stopping at Exeter St David's include. A **Barnstaple** (£10, 1¼ hours, one to two hourly) A **Bristol** (£15, 1¼ hours, half-hourly) A **Exmouth** (£4, hourly, 40 minutes) A **London Paddington** (£46, 2½ hours, half-hourly) A **Paignton** (£7, 50 minutes, half-hourly) A **Penzance** (£15, three hours, half-hourly to hourly) A **Plymouth** (£9, one hour, half-hourly) A **Torquay** (£6, 45 minutes, half-hourly to hourly) A **Totnes** (£7, 35 minutes, half-hourly) Some branch-line services also go through Exeter Central. 8Getting Around To/From the Airport Bus 56 runs from the bus station and Exeter St David's train station to Exeter Airport (£2.80, 30 minutes, hourly 7am to 6pm). Bicycle Saddles & Paddles rents out bikes, kayaks and canoes. Bus Bus H (two to four per hour) links St David's train station with Central Station and the High St, passing near the bus station. Car Hire options include **Europcar** (www.europcar.co.uk). Park & Ride buses (adult/child £2.40/1.60) operate every 20 minutes, running from Sowton (near M5, junction 30) and Matford (near M5, junction 31) Monday to Saturday, and from Honiton Rd (near M5, junction 29) daily. Taxi There are ranks at St David's train station and on High St and Sidwell St. Capital TaxisTAXI ( %01392-434343; h24hr) Club CarsTAXI ( %01392-213030; h24hr) GeminiTAXI ( %01392-666666; h24hr) ### Torquay & Around Pop 114, 266 It may face the English Channel, rather than the Med, but the coast around Torquay has long been dubbed the English Riviera; famous for palm trees, piers and russet-red cliffs. At first glance, Torquay itself is the quintessential English seaside resort in flux, beloved by both the coach-tour crowd and stag- and hen-party animals. But a mild microclimate and an azure circle of bay have also drawn a smarter set and Torquay now competes with foodie-hub Dartmouth for fine eateries. The area also boasts unique attractions that range from an immense aviary to a surreal model village. Add an Agatha Christie connection, fishing boats and steam trains, and it all adds up to some grand days out beside the sea. Torquay's neighbouring resort, Paignton, sits 3 miles south; the fishing port of Brixham is 5 miles further south again. 1Sights & Activities Torquay boasts no fewer than 20 beaches and an impressive 22 miles of coast. Holidaymakers flock to the central (but tidal) **Torre Abbey Sands** ; locals head for the sand-and-shingle beaches beside the 240ft red-clay cliffs around **Babbacombe**. Living CoastsZOO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844-474 3366; www.livingcoasts.org.uk; Beacon Quay; adult/child £12/9; h10am-5pm) An enormous open-plan aviary bringing you up close to free-roaming penguins, punk-rocker style tufted puffins and disarmingly cute bank cormorants. Babbacombe Model VillageEXHIBITION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-315315; www.model-village.co.uk; Hampton Ave; adult/child £11/7; h10am-4pm) Prepare for a fabulously eccentric, 1.6-hectare world in miniature, complete with small-scale Stonehenge, football stadium, beach, castle (under attack from a fire-breathing dragon) and thatched village where firefighters are tackling a blaze. Visit in the evening for illuminations; think pocket-sized Piccadilly Circus, complete with flashing banner ads. It's open until 9pm on some summer evenings. Paignton ZooZOO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844-474 2222; www.paigntonzoo.org.uk; Totnes Rd, Paignton; adult/child £16/12; h10am-5pm; p) A conservation charity runs this innovative, 80-acre zoo, where spacious enclosures re-create habitats as varied as savannah, wetland, tropical forest and desert. High spots include the orang-utan island, vast glass-walled lion enclosure and a lemur wood, where you walk over a plank suspension bridge as the primates leap around in the surrounding trees. Then there's the steamy crocodile swamp with pathways winding over and beside Nile, Cuban and saltwater crocs, some up to 6m long. Babbacombe Cliff RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-328750; www.babbacombecliffrailway.co.uk; adult/child return £2/1.40; h9.30am-4.55pm Feb-Oct) At Babbacombe a glorious 1920s funicular railway sees you climbing into a tiny wooden carriage and rattling up and down rails set into the cliff. Ferry to BrixhamFERRY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-882811; www.greenwayferry.co.uk; Princess Pier; adult/child return £6/4; h12 sailings daily Apr-Oct) This blast across Tor Bay offers spray-dashed views of beaches, crumbling cliffs and grand Victorian hotels. Competition can cause prices to dip wildly; check out the stands lining Torquay's harbour. ### AGATHA CHRISTIE Torquay is the birthplace of the 'Queen of Crime', Agatha Christie (1890–1976), author of 75 novels and 33 plays, and creator of Hercule Poirot, the moustachioed, immodest Belgian detective, and Miss Marple, the surprisingly perceptive busybody spinster. Born Agatha Miller, she grew up, courted and honeymooned in Torquay and also worked as a hospital dispenser here during WWI, thus acquiring her famous knowledge of poisons. The tourist office stocks the free Agatha Christie Mile leaflet, which guides you round significant local sites, while Torquay Museum ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-293975; www.torquaymuseum.org; 529 Babbacombe Rd; adult/child £6/3; h10am-4pm Mon-Thu & Sat) has a collection of photos, handwritten notes and displays devoted to her famous detectives. The highlight, though, is Greenway, her summer home near Dartmouth. The Greenway Ferry sails there from Torquay's Princess Pier – it's best to book. Boats also go from Dartmouth and Totnes; a steam train runs from Paignton. 4Sleeping Torquay BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-299924; www.torquaybackpackers.co.uk; 119 Abbey Rd; dm/d £17/34; i W) Photos of grinning past guests plaster noticeboards; flags of all nations drape the walls at this budget stalwart. There are luxuries too: a DVD den and a decked, alfresco pool table terrace. OrestoneHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-328098; www.orestonemanor.com; Rock House Lane; s £90-275, d £105-190, ste £185-285; p W) At this Georgian country house winter brings blazing log fires; summer brings breakfast on a sea-backed terrace. In the bay-view bedrooms, period elegance meets modern comforts: muted blues and greens surround snazzy bathrooms. It's all tucked away in a wooded valley 3 miles north of Torquay. There's also a restaurant open noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm. SeabreezeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-322429; www.seabreezebabbacombe.co.uk; 39 Babbacombe Downs Rd; s £60-80, d £70-90; p W) The smart rooms here are done out in cheery colours – choose from sea-themed aquamarine or bright 'n' breezy red, white and blue. Swish bathrooms and mini bay-view balconies seal the deal. Headland ViewB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-312612; www.headlandview.com; 37 Babbacombe Downs Rd; d £72-75; p W) Set high on the cliffs at Babbacombe, this delightful terrace is peppered with subtle nautical flourishes, from jaunty model lighthouses to boat motifs on the curtains. The wicker chairs on the tiny balconies have grandstand views of a cracking stretch of sea. oCary ArmsBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-327110; www.caryarms.co.uk; Babbacombe Beach; d £195-275, ste £375) The great British seaside has just gone seriously stylish. At this boutique bolthole New England tones are jazzed up by candy-striped cushions; balconies directly overlook the beach and children are given a fishing net and bait on arrival. Prices fall by up to £80 in low season. 5Eating & Drinking At time of writing, sustainable seafood restaurateur Mitch Tonks was about to open one of his aclaimed **Rockfish** (www.therockfish.co.uk) eateries on Torquay Harbour. Number 7SEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-295055; www.no7-fish.com; 7 Beacon Tce; mains £14-20; hnoon-1.45pm Wed-Sat year-round, 7-9pm daily Jul-Sep, Tue-Sat Oct-Jun) Fabulous smells fill the air at this bustling harbourside bistro, where the chalked-up menus are crowded with crab, lobster and fish fresh from the boats. Accompaniments range from garlic and brandy to Moroccan spices. Orange TreeMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-213936; www.orangetreerestaurant.co.uk; 14 Park Hill Rd; mains £15-25; h7-9pm Tue-Sat) English-meets-European cuisine here in dishes majoring in local fish, meat and game; prepare to enjoy rich Brixham crab bisque with scallops, cod with nutty Serrano ham or south Devon steaks with a Madeira and mushroom sauce. oThe Room at the ElephantFINE DINING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-200044; www.elephantrestaurant.co.uk; 3 Beacon Tce; 7 courses £72; h6.30-8.30pm Tue-Sat) A restaurant to remember. Torbay's Michelin-starred eatery is defined by a tasting menu showcasing intricate presentation and imaginative flavour fusions: Brixham crab with lovage; roe deer with onion ash; beetroot with smoked blueberries. The window frames bright marina views; a ground-floor brasserie (open noon to 2pm and 6.30pm to 9pm, Tuesday to Saturday) serves simpler fare (mains £16 to £23). Hole in the WallPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.holeinthewalltorquay.co.uk; 6 Park Lane; h11am-11pm) A heavily beamed, Tardis-like boozer with a tiny terrace; an atmospheric spot for a pint. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 474 2233; www.theenglishriviera.co.uk; Vaughan Pde, the Harbour; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Brixham** (£4.10, 50 minutes, half-hourly) Bus 12, via Paignton. A **Dartmouth** (£4.50, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) Stagecoach Gold. A **Totnes** (£3.50, 45 minutes, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, seven on Sunday) Stagecoach Gold. Ferry Regular ferries shuttle between Torquay and Brixham. Train Trains run from Exeter via Torquay (£6, 45 minutes, half-hourly to hourly) to Paignton (£6, 52 minutes). Dartmouth Steam RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (www.dartmouthrailriver.co.uk; Paignton Station; adult/child return £14/8; h3-9 trains daily Apr-Oct) S These steam trains puff from Paignton via Greenway Halt to Kingswear, which is linked by ferry to Dartmouth. ### Brixham Pop 17,457 An appealing, pastel-painted tumbling of fishermen's cottages leads down to Brixham's horseshoe harbour where arcades and gift shops coexist with winding streets, brightly coloured boats and one of England's busiest fishing ports. Although picturesque, Brixham is far from a neatly packaged resort, and its brand of gritty charm offers an insight into work-a-day life along Devon's coast. 1Sights Golden HindSAILING SHIP ( %01803-856223; www.goldenhind.co.uk; The Quay; adult/child £4/3; h10am-4pm Mar-Oct) Devon explorer Sir Francis Drake carried out a treasure-seeking circumnavigation of the globe aboard the _Golden Hind,_ in the late 1500s. This full-sized replica sees you crossing the gangplank, clambering below decks, peering into the captain's cabin and prowling around the poop deck. Brixham Heritage MuseumMUSEUM ( %01803-856267; www.torbaymuseums.com; Bolton Cross; adult/child £2/free; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat Apr-Oct, to 1pm Nov-Mar) An eclectic collection of exhibits explores the town's salty history, focusing on sailboats, smuggling, shipbuilding and sea rescues. TTours oFish MarketMARKET ( %0741 0617931; www.brixhamtourismpartnership.co.uk; The Quay; tours incl breakfast £10; htwice monthly late-Jun–Sep) Book early for one of these memorable, early-morning tours around a normally off-limits world. You'll see ice-lined fish trays, white-coated buyers and a bustling auction, then have breakfast at the Fishermen's Mission. If you miss a space on the tours, head to the fish market's viewing platform around 6am to watch the fleet's manoeuvrings. 5Eating & Drinking David WalkerSEAFOOD (www.davidwalkerandson.com; unit B, Fish Market; h9am-3pm Mon-Fri, 8am-3pm Sat) _The_ place to connect with Brixham's fishing industry and stock up for your BBQ – the counters are piled high with the day's catch. Picnic goodies include huge, cooked shell-on prawns and dressed crab. BeamersSEAFOOD ( %01803-854777; www.beamersrestaurant.co.uk; 19 The Quay; mains £16-20; h6-9pm Wed-Mon; v) Each morning Head Chef Simone strolls to Brixham Fish Market to select the best of the day's catch. The result? Supremely fresh, superbly cooked fish. Samphire, saffron and Pernod spring some menu surprises; bagging a window table secures an absorbing harbour view. MaritimePUB (www.themaritime.co.uk; 79 King St; h7-11pm) Eccentric old boozer smothered in thousands of key rings, stone jugs and chamber pots, presided over by a chatty parrot called Mr Tibbs. 8Getting There & Away Regular ferries shuttle between Brixham and Torquay. A **Bus 22 to Kingswear** (£3.20, 15 minutes, half-hourly to hourly) Ferry connections continue to Dartmouth. A **Bus 12 to Torquay** (£4.10, 50 minutes, half-hourly) Via Paignton. ### Dartmouth & Around Pop 10,716 A bewitching blend of primary-coloured boats and delicately shaded houses, Dartmouth is irresistible. Buildings cascade down steep, wooded slopes towards the River Dart; 17th-century shops with splendidly carved and gilded fronts line narrow lanes. Its charms have drawn a yachting crowd and a string of top-notch eateries, but fleets of fishing vessels, ferries and pleasure boats ensure it's still a busy working port with an authentic tang of the sea. Hiking trails lead up the river or onto the cliffs, while a unique art-deco house and Agatha Christie's Greenway estate wait in the wings. Dartmouth is on the west side of the Dart estuary. It's linked to the village of Kingswear on the east bank by fleets of car and foot ferries, providing a key transport link to Torquay. 1Sights & Activities oGreenwayHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01803-842382; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Greenway Rd, Galmpton; adult/child £9.40/5.20; h10.30am-5pm Wed-Sun Mar-Oct, plus Tue late-Jul–late-Aug) High on Devon's must-see list, the captivating summer home of crime writer Agatha Christie sits beside the placid River Dart. Part-guided tours allow you to wander between rooms where the furnishings and knick-knacks are much as she left them. The bewitching waterside gardens include features that pop up in her mysteries, so you get to spot locations made notorious by fictional murders. Car parking places have to be prebooked; the best way to arrive is by ferry or on foot. Christie owned Greenway between 1938 and 1959, and the house feels frozen in time: check out the piles of hats in the lobby, the books in her library, the clothes in her wardrobe, and listen to her speak (via a replica radio) in the drawing room. In the gardens, woods speckled with splashes of magnolias, daffodils and hydrangeas frame the water, while the planting creates intimate, secret spaces – the boathouse and views over the river are sublime. In Christie's book _Dead Man's Folly,_ Greenway doubles as Nasse House, with the boathouse making an appearance as a murder scene. The Greenway Ferry ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-882811; www.greenwayferry.co.uk) runs to the house from Dartmouth (adult/child return £8/6, eight daily), Totnes (return fare £8, two to seven per week) and Torquay (one daily adult/child return £15/10). It only operates when the house is open – booking is advised. Alternatively, take the Dartmouth Steam Railway from Paignton to Greenway Halt (adult/child £8.50/5) then walk half a mile through the woods, or hike along the picturesque **Dart Valley Trail** from Kingswear (4 miles). Coleton FishacreHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01803-842382; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Brownstone Rd, near Kingswear; adult/child £9.40/5.20; h10.30am-5pm Sat-Thu mid-Feb–Oct; p) For an evocative glimpse of Jazz Age glamour, drop by the former home of the D'Oyly Carte family of theatre impresarios. Built in the 1920s, its faultless art-deco embellishments include original Lalique tulip uplighters, comic bathroom tiles and a stunning saloon – complete with tinkling piano. The croquet terrace leads to deeply shelved subtropical gardens and suddenly revealed vistas of the sea. Hike the 4 miles along the cliffs from Kingswear, or drive. Dartmouth CastleCASTLE (EH; %01803-833588; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Encounter mazy passages, atmospheric guardrooms and great views from the battlements. Get there via the tiny, open-top Castle Ferry ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dartmouthcastleferry.co.uk; adult/child return £4/2; h10am-4.45pm Apr-Oct). Blackpool SandsBEACH Sun-loving locals head 3 miles south of Dartmouth to this curl of coarse sand, lured by beautiful views, kayaking (per hour/day £15/40) and a licensed cafe stacked with organic, local produce. Take bus 93 from Dartmouth (20 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). Dartmouth Steam Railway & River Boat CoBOAT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-555872; www.dartmouthrailriver.co.uk) Cruises along the River Dart to Totnes (adult/child return £14/8.50, 1¼ hours, two to four daily April to September). 4Sleeping oBayard's CoveB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-839278; www.bayardscoveinn.co.uk; 27 Lower St; d £115-125, ste £135-180, f from £155; W) Crammed with character and bursting with beams, Bayard's Cove sees you sleeping amid whitewashed stone walls and huge church candles. The lavish family suites feature grand double beds and kids' cabins, complete with bunk beds and tiny TVs; there are even estuary glimpses from the rooms. Just BGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-834311; www.justbdartmouth.com; reception 17 Fosse St; r £70-94) The nine chi-chi options here range from bedrooms with bathrooms to mini-apartments, all featuring snazzy furnishings, crisp cottons and comfy beds. They're scattered over three central properties, and the 'just B' policy (no '&B' means no breakfast) keeps prices down. Hill View HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-839372; www.hillviewdartmouth.co.uk; 76 Victoria Rd; s/d £47/70; p W) S At this price, you'll be asking, 'what's the catch?' There isn't one. Lloyd loom-style furniture and angle-poise lamps sit in relaxed, beautifully styled rooms above a retro guest lounge. It's a 10-minute walk into Dartmouth. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### EATING & DRINKING LIKE A LOCAL The southwest is a veritable foodie hot spot. Here are some locals' favourites: A **Cornish Pasties** Now awarded EU protected status, sample the savoury at bakeries county-wide. A **Seafood** Net-fresh fish abounds. Prime specialist restaurants include the Seahorse in Dartmouth, the Wheelhouse in Falmouth, and the Crab House Cafe on the Isle of Portland. A **Cream** **Teas** Homemade jam, just-baked scones and utterly gooey clotted cream; get stuck in at Alexandra, Brimpts Farm and the Dwelling House in Fowey. A **Organic & Slow Food** Around a quarter of UK-registered organic producers are southwest-based. Try sustainable fare at Riverford and River Cottage ( %01297-630300; www.rivercottage.net; near Axminster; 4-course lunch/dinner £50/80; hnoon-4pm Fri-Sun, 7.30-11pm Fri & Sat; v). A **Drinks** Top spots to try regional tipples include the Castle inn for cider, Camel Valley and Sharpham for wine, Grain Barge in Bristol and the Salamander in Bath for beer, and Plymouth for gin. 5Eating oAlf RescoCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-835880; www.cafealfresco.co.uk; Lower St; mains from £6; h7am-2pm; W) An eclectic crowd hangs out at Alf's – you'll be eating among hipsters, families, tourists and river-boat crews. The same menu spans breakfast through to lunch; expect piled-high fry-ups, irresistible pastries and eye-opening espressos. The gorgeous B&B rooms (£75) are pure shabby-chic. RockfishFISH & CHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-832800; www.rockfishdevon.co.uk; 8 South Embankment; mains £10-14; hnoon-9.30pm) With its weathered boarding and chilled soundtrack, this place feels more like a beatnik boathouse than your average chippy. The menu is a cut above too; along with sustainable cod there's also monkfish, scallops, oysters and good wine. Eat in (enjoy the atmosphere) or take away (fight the seagulls). oSeahorseSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-835147; www.seahorserestaurant.co.uk; 5 South Embankment; mains £23-32; hnoon-3pm Tue-Sun, 6-10pm Tue-Sat) The seafood served at Mitch Tonks' eatery is so fresh, the menu changes daily. So depending on what's been landed at Brixham (7 miles away) or Dartmouth (a few yards) you might get cuttlefish in Chianti, garlicky roast scallops, or _fritto misto di mare_. Their speciality is sublime, charcoal-roasted fish; their two-course lunch menu (£20, Wednesday to Sunday) is a snip. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01803-834224; www.discoverdartmouth.com; Mayor's Ave; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, to 2pm Sun Apr-Oct, closed Wed & Sun Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus A **Plymouth** (£6.25, 2½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) Bus 93; runs via Kingsbridge (one hour). A **Torquay** (£4.50, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) Stagecoach Gold. A **Totnes** (£3.50, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) Stagecoach Gold. Ferry Dartmouth–Kingswear FerriesFERRY (www.dartmouthhigherferry.com; car/pedestrian one-way £4.70/1.50; h7am-10.20pm) Dartmouth's Higher and Lower Ferries both take cars and foot passengers, shuttling across the river to Kingswear every six minutes. Train Regular steam trains ( %01803-555872; www.dartmouthrailriver.co.uk) link Kingswear with Paignton (adult/child return £14/8). ### Totnes & Around Pop 8041 Totnes has such a reputation for being alternative that local jokers wrote 'twinned with Narnia' under the town sign. For decades famous as Devon's hippie haven, eco-conscious Totnes also became Britain's first 'transition town' in 2005, when it began trying to wean itself off a dependence on oil. Sustainability aside, Totnes boasts a tempting vineyard, a gracious Norman castle and a mass of fine Tudor buildings, and is the springboard for a range of adrenaline sports. 1Sights & Activities oSharpham Wine & CheeseWINERY ( %01803-732203; www.sharpham.com; h10am-5pm Mar-Sep; booking required for some tours; p) The vine-lined hills here are more reminiscent of Chablis than south Devon. Opt for self-guided rambles (£2.50), wine and cheese tastings (£9) or an expert-led walk, tutored tasting, lunch and bottle of Dart Valley Reserve (£65). The gourmet meals dished up in the award-winning cafe are a true treat. The vineyard is 3 miles south of Totnes, off the A381. A more atmospheric option is to hike from town along the Dart Valley Trail. Booking is required for some tours. Totnes CastleCASTLE (EH; %01803-864406; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Castle St; adult/child £3.70/2.20; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) The outer keep of Totnes' Norman motte-and-bailey fortress crowns a hill at the top of town, providing engrossing views over higgledy-piggledy rooftops and the river valley. Hunt out the medieval loo, too. oDynamic AdventuresADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01803-862725; www.dynamicadventurescic.co.uk; The Shops at Dartington, Dartington) The superb activities on offer here include canoeing and kayaking (per half/full day £30/60) and sea kayaking (from £75), as well as rock climbing and archery (both per hour £12). Plus, in the winter, exhilarating white-water kayaking on the River Dart (from £30). They're based 2 miles northwest of Totnes. Totnes KayaksKAYAKING ( %07799 403788; www.totneskayaks.co.uk; The Quay, Stoke Gabriel; per 1/6hr £15/40) On these self-guided paddles beside unspoilt hills, it's best to go with the tide (owner Tom will advise); so either upriver past Sharpham Vineyard, or downriver to the charming village of Dittisham. You set off from sleepy Stoke Gabriel, 5 miles southeast of Totnes. ### DARTINGTON HALL Henry VIII gave this beguiling 320-hectare estate ( %01803-847000; www.dartington.org) to two of his wives (Catherines Howard and Parr); now it's home to B&B accommodation, the Barn art-house cinema, a mellow pub, landscaped grounds and a medieval great hall that hosts events ranging from classical music to the Ways With Words Literature Festival ( %01803-867373; www.wayswithwords.co.uk; Dartington Estate). The estate is 2 miles northwest of Totnes. 4Sleeping oDartington Hall B&B ( %01803-847147; www.dartington.org; Dartington, near Totnes; d £59-115; p W) The wings of this idyllic, ancient manor house have been carefully converted into rooms that range from heritage-themed to deluxe-modern. Ask for one overlooking the grassy, cobble-fringed courtyard and settle back for a truly tranquil night's sleep. Sea TroutINN ( %01803-762274; www.theseatroutinn.co.uk; Staverton, near Totnes; d £95-150; p W) Most of the rooms here are the epitome of carefully judged, contemporary good taste. The feature room though is a deliberatly over-the-top rococo delight, all ornate black-wood, mock chandeliers and a slipper bath. The great-value restaurant (mains £13, open noon to 2pm and 6pm to 9pm) regularly notches up awards. Steam PacketINN ( %01803-863880; www.steampacketinn.co.uk; St Peters Quay; s/d £85/105; p) It's almost as if the minimalist bedrooms of this wharf-side former warehouse have been plucked from the pages of a design magazine; expect painted wood panels, willow arrangements and neutral tones. Opt for a river-view room, then watch the world float by. 5Eating oRiverford Field KitchenMODERN BRITISH ( %01803-762074; www.riverford.co.uk; Wash Barn; 2/3 courses £23/27; hnoon-2.30pm daily, 6-10pm most evenings; v) S Eco-friendly Riverford's bistro is set in a farm, meaning minimal food miles: vegetables are picked to order from the fields outside; meats are organic and locally sourced. Big trestle tables fill a futuristic hangar-like canteen, with diners passing around platters laden with richly flavoured food. Imaginative treatments might include marinated, grilled Moroccan lamb and British veg transformed by cumin or saffron. Bookings required. Sharpham Vineyard CaféBISTRO ( %01803-732178; www.vineyardcafe.co.uk; Sharpham Estate; mains £10-15, snacks £4-7; hnoon-2pm May-Sep; v) Rustic, organic fare fills the tables of this decked cafe, anchored just yards from Sharpham's vines. Treats include smoked-fish or charcuterie boards, local crab salads and hearty fare such as belly pork and bean cassoulet. And, of course, the vineyard's own, simply superb cheese and wine. It's 3 miles south of Totnes. White HartPUB ( %01803-847111; www.dartingtonhall.com; Dartington Estate, near Totnes; tapas £6, mains £12-17; hnoon-9pm; v) To its already-acclaimed gastropub dishes, the White Hart has added a British tapas menu, so now grazing options include ham hock, lamb cutlets, scallops or wild-mushroom risotto. Winter brings a blazing fire; on fine evenings the lawnside tables are the place to be. RumourPUB ( %01803-864682; www.rumourtotnes.com; 30 High St, Totnes; mains £9-18; hnoon-3pm Mon-Sat, 6-9pm daily) S Rumour is a local institution – a narrow, cosy pub-restaurant with low lighting, funky local art and free newspapers. Famous for its crispy pizzas (£9), it also rustles up stylish cuisine, such as pollock roasted with avocado butter, and irresistible 28-day matured 8oz steaks. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01803-863168; www.totnesinformation.co.uk; Coronation Rd; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 1pm Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Boat Boats shuttle downriver to Dartmouth. Bus A **Dartmouth** (£3.50, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) Stagecoach Gold. A **Torquay** (£3.50, 45 minutes, every half hour Monday to Saturday, seven on Sunday) Stagecoach Gold. Train Trains go at least hourly to Exeter (£8, 35 minutes) and Plymouth (£8, 30 minutes). The privately run South Devon Steam Railway (www.southdevonrailway.org; adult/child return £12/7; h4-9 trains daily Apr-Oct) chuffs to Buckfastleigh, on the edge of Dartmoor. ### Plymouth & Around Pop 258,000 For decades, some have dismissed Plymouth as sprawling and ugly, pointing to architectural eyesores and sometimes palpable poverty. But the arrival of high-profile chefs Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Mitch Tonks, and ongoing waterfront regeneration begs a rethink. Yes the city, an important Royal Naval port, suffered WWII bomb damage, and today it is still sometimes more gritty than pretty, but Plymouth is also packed with possibilities: swim in an art-deco lido; tour a gin distillery; learn to kayak; roam an aquarium; take a boat trip across the bay; then see a top-class theatre show and party till dawn. And the ace in the pack? Plymouth Hoe – a cafe-dotted, wide grassy headland offering captivating views of a boat-studded bay. History Plymouth's history is dominated by the sea. The first recorded cargo left in 1211 and by the late 16th century it was the port of choice for explorers and adventurers. It's waved off Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, the fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada, the pilgrims who founded America, Charles Darwin, Captain Cook and countless boats carrying emigrants to Australia and New Zealand. During WWII Plymouth suffered horrendously at the hands of the Luftwaffe – more than 1000 civilians died in the Blitz, which reduced the city centre to rubble. The 21st century has brought regeneration to waterfront areas, a £200 million Drake Circus shopping centre and a growing university, bringing a burst of new buildings and 30,000 students to the heart of town. Plymouth 1Top Sights 1BarbicanD3 2Plymouth Gin DistilleryC3 3Plymouth HoeB4 1Sights 4CitadelC4 5Drake StatueB3 6Island HouseD3 7Mayflower StepsD3 8National Marine AquariumD3 9Plymouth Naval MemorialB3 10Smeaton's TowerB4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 11Mount Batten FerryD3 12Plymouth Boat TripsD3 13Tinside LidoB4 4Sleeping 14Acorns & LawnsB3 15ImperialB3 16Sea BreezesA4 17SquiresA3 5Eating 18Barbican KitchenC3 19Cap'n JaspersD3 20RockfishD3 6Drinking & Nightlife 21DolpinD3 22MinervaC2 3Entertainment 23Annabel'sC2 24Plymouth Arts CentreC2 25Theatre RoyalB2 1Sights oPlymouth HoeHEADLAND ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Francis Drake supposedly spied the Spanish fleet from this grassy headland overlooking Plymouth Sound (the city's wide bay); the bowling green on which he finished his game was probably where his statue ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) now stands. The wide villa-backed promenade features scores of war memorials, including the immense Plymouth Naval Memorial ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), which commemorates Commonwealth WWI and WWII sailors who have no grave but the sea. Smeaton's TowerLIGHTHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-304774; www.plymouth.gov.uk/museumsmeatonstower; The Hoe; adult/child £2.60/1.30; h10am-4.30pm Apr-Sep, to 3pm Tue-Sat Oct, Nov, Feb & Mar) The red-and-white stripes of Smeaton's Tower rise from the middle of the Plymouth Hoe headland. The whole 70ft structure used to stand on the Eddystone Reef, 14 miles offshore, and was transferred here, brick by brick, in the 1880s. For an insight into past lighthouse keepers' lives, head up 93 stone steps and through the circular rooms to emerge onto an open-air platform with stunning views of the city, Dartmoor and the sea. oBarbicanNEIGHBOURHOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.plymouthbarbican.com) In the historic Barbican district, part-cobbled streets are lined with Tudor and Jacobean buildings, galleries, restaurants and funky bars. The Pilgrim Fathers' _Mayflower_ set sail to found America from here in 1620. The Mayflower Steps ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; free; h24hr) mark the approximate embarcation point; track down the passenger list on the side of Island House ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) nearby. Other famous departures are also commemorated at the steps, including Captain James Cook's 1768 voyage of discovery, and the first emigrant ships to Australia and New Zealand. oPlymouth Gin DistilleryDISTILLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-665292; www.plymouthdistillery.com; 60 Southside St; tours £7; h6 tours daily) They've been concocting gin at this heavily beamed distillery since 1793, making it the oldest producer of the spirit in the world. The Royal Navy ferried it round the world in countless officers' messes and the brand was specified in the first recorded recipe for a dry martini in the 1930s. Tours thread past the stills and take in a tutored tasting before retiring to the medieval bar for a complimentary G&T. Book ahead. National Marine AquariumAQUARIUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 893 7938; www.national-aquarium.co.uk; Rope Walk; adult/child £14/10; h10am-5pm, to 6pm Apr-Sep) The sharks here swim in coral seas that teem with moray eels and vividly coloured fish – there's even a loggerhead turtle called Snorkel who was rescued from a Cornish beach. Walk-through glass arches ensure huge rays glide over your head, while the gigantic Atlantic reef tank reveals just what's lurking a few miles offshore. Buckland AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01822-853607; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; near Yelverton; adult/child £9/4.50; h10.30am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, 11.30am-4.30pm Dec & Feb; p) Founded as a Cistercian monastery and abbey church in the 13th century, Buckland Abbey was one of Henry VIII's 'acquisitions' during the Dissolution. Sir Richard Grenville bought it from the land-hungry king, before selling it to his cousin and nautical rival Sir Francis Drake. Highlights include Drake's Drum, said to beat by itself when Britain is in danger of being invaded, exquisite modelled ceilings, a Great Barn, fine Elizabethan gardens and woodland walks. Buckland Abbey is 11 miles north of Plymouth. ### ROYAL WILLIAM YARD This cluster of 1830s waterfront warehouses once supplied stores for countless Royal Navy vessels. Today it's home to sleek apartments, a couple of art galleries, a relaxed pub, chic wine bar and a string of eateries; the best being River Cottage Canteen and the Royal William Bakery. The yard is 2 miles west of the city centre; bus 34 (£1.20, eight minutes, half-hourly) runs there; better still catch the ferry ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07979 152008; www.royalwilliamyardharbour.co.uk; adult/child single £3/1.50; h10am-5pm May-Sep to 6pm Jul & Aug) from the Barbican Pontoon. 2Activities oTinside LidoSWIMMING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-261915; www.everyoneactive.com; Hoe Rd; adult/child £3.90/2.80; h10am-6pm Jun-Sep) Taking a dip at this Jazz Age, open-air swim-spot is an unforgettable experience. Its 1935, art-deco design sees cream curves and light- and dark-blue tiles sweep gracefully out from the foot of the Hoe. Plunge into the chilly saltwater to join the regulars doing laps and the youngsters larking around beside the fountains. Mount Batten CentreWATER SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-404567; www.mount-batten-centre.com; 70 Lawrence Rd) Two-hour taster sessions include those for sail dinghies, stand-up paddleboarding and canoeing (each £20). Two-day courses include kayaking (£90), sailing (£170) and windsurfing (£145). It's on the Mount Batten peninsula. Ferries run from the Barbican Pontoon. Mount Batten FerryFERRY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mountbattenferry.com; adult/child return £3/2) A little yellow ferry shuttling from the Barbican Pontoon across to the Mount Batten Peninsula (10 minutes, half-hourly). TTours Plymouth Boat TripsBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-253153; www.plymouthboattrips.co.uk; Barbican Pontoon; h4 daily Apr–mid-Oct) The pick of this firm's trips is the 30-minute blast-across-the-bay to the quaint, pub-packed Cornish fishing villages of Kingsand and Cawsand (adult/child return £8/4). They also run one-hour harbour cruises (adult/child £7.50/4) to the warships at Plymouth's naval base. 4Sleeping oSt Elizabeth's HouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-344840; www.stelizabeths.co.uk; Longbrook St, Plympton St Maurice; d £99-119, ste £150; p W) Prepare to be pampered. In this 17th-century manor house turned boutique bolthole, free-standing slipper baths, oak furniture and Egyptian cotton grace the rooms; the suites feature palatial bathrooms and private terraces. It's set in the suburb-cum-village of Plympton St Maurice, 5 miles east of Plymouth. ImperialHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-227311; www.imperialplymouth.co.uk; Lockyer St; s £60, d £62-86, f £92-100; p W) In the 1840s an admiral used to slumber in this elegant town house. Now you get to sleep amid heritage features, swish modern furnishings and all the mod-cons, before breakfasting on top-notch local produce (the homemade kedgeree is quite a treat). It's all very high quality for the price. Sea BreezesB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-667205; www.plymouth-bedandbreakfast.co.uk; 28 Grand Pde; s/d/f £45/72/97; p) The fresh decor at this deeply comfortable guesthouse ranges from subtle gingham to groovy swirls. The bathrooms gleam, the towels are fluffy and the breakfasts feature melon, strawberries and hand-cut toast. Bag a front-facing bedroom (go for the one with the window seat) for smashing sea views. Acorns & LawnsB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-229474; www.acornsandlawnsguesthouse.com; 171 Citadel Rd; d £60-75; W) Simplicity and serenity seem to seep from the walls here. The guest lounge and breakfast room are all light colours and varnished floors; a bright-white stairwell leads to light-filled rooms. Ask for a front-facing bedroom to look out over the lower slopes of grassy Plymouth Hoe. SquiresB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-261459; www.squiresguesthouse.com; 7 St James Place East; s/d £32/65; W) Unfussy, squeaky-clean rooms, a quiet but central location and a friendly welcome. 5Eating Royal William BakeryCAFE, BAKERY (www.royalwilliambakery.com; Royal William Yard; mains £5; h8.30am-4pm; v) Piles of huge, just-cooked loaves, tureens full of soup, crumbly pastries and irresistible cakes – this is a bakery like few others. The serve-yourself style is so laid-back you don't get a bill – just tell them what you've eaten and they'll tot it up at the end. The Royal William Yard is 2 miles west of the city centre, on bus route 34. Cap'n JaspersCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.capn-jaspers.co.uk; Whitehouse Pier, Quay Rd; snacks £3-5; h7.30am-midnight) Beloved by bikers, fishermen, families and tourists, this cabin-kiosk is a local institution thanks to its late hours, motorised gadgets and resolutely burger-van fare – trying to finish the 'half a yard of hot dog' is a Plymouth rite of passage; the Barbican crab rolls are an easier eat. oRock SaltMODERN BRITISH ( %01752-225522; www.rocksaltcafe.co.uk; 31 Stonehouse St; mains £7-20; h10am-9.30pm, from 8am Wed-Sat; W) First-class ingredients and creative flavours – no wonder Rock Salt keeps bagging awards. Their range is remarkable: from stylish all-day breakfasts and afternoon cupcakes to confit Dartmoor lamb. And all in a friendly setting that feels like a funky neighbourhood brasserie. River Cottage CanteenMODERN BRITISH ( %01752-252702; www.rivercottage.net; Royal William Yard; mains £10-17; h11am-10.30pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun; v) Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's gaff focuses firmly on local, sustainable, seasonal, organic goodies. Expect meats to be roasted beside an open fire, fish to be simply grilled and familiar veg to be given a revelatory makeover. It's in the Royal William Yard, 2 miles west of the city centre; catch bus 34. Barbican KitchenMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-604448; www.barbicankitchen.com; 60 Southside St; mains £10-20; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-9.30pm) The assured menus at this stylish eatery take in everything from chilli dogs and wild-garlic risotto to chateaubriand for two. The express menu (two/three courses £13/16), served at lunch and Monday to Thursday evenings, is a superb deal. RockfishSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-255974; www.therockfish.co.uk; 3 Rope Walk; mains £12; hnoon-9.30pm) In Mitch Tonks' cheery bistro (handily set right beside the fish market) perfectly cooked cod comes with as many chips as you can eat; roasted scallops, steamed prawns and sweet Devon crab feature on the imaginative menu too. 6Drinking & Nightlife Like any Royal Navy city, Plymouth has a more-than-lively nightlife. Union St is clubland; Mutley Plain and North Hill have a studenty vibe, while the Barbican has more restaurants amid the bars. All three areas can get rowdy, especially at weekends. oDolpinPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 14 The Barbican; h10am-11pm) This gloriously unreconstructed Barbican boozer is all scuffed tables, padded bench seats and an authentic, no-nonsense atmosphere. Feeling peckish? Get a fish-and-chip takeaway from next-door-but-one, then settle down with your pint. MinervaPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.minervainn.co.uk; 31 Looe St; h11.30am-11pm Sun-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat; W) Stone walls, wooden benches, chunks of sailing ships, real ales, live music and Thursday night jam sessions make this 16th-century drinking den a locals' favourite. VignobleWINE BAR (www.levignoble.co.uk; Royal William Yard; hnoon-11.30pm) A bijou hang-out where you can sample taster-sized glasses of your chosen vintages. It's at the Royal William Yard, 2 miles west of the centre. 3Entertainment oAnnabel'sCABARET, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.annabelscabaret.co.uk; 88 Vauxhall St; h9pm-2am Thu, 8.30pm-3am Fri & Sat) The stage spots in this fabulously quirky venue are filled by an eclectic collection of acts (expect anything from comedy or bellydancing to burlesque). Crowd-pleasing tunes fill the dance floor while classy cocktails fill your glass. Plymouth Arts CentreCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-206114; www.plymouthartscentre.org; 38 Looe Street; h10am-8.30pm Tue-Sat, from 4pm Sun) Combines a cracking independent cinema, modern-art exhibitions, and a licensed, vegetarian-friendly bistro (closed Sunday). Theatre RoyalTHEATRE (TRP; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-267222; www.theatreroyal.com; Royal Pde) Plymouth's main theatre stages large-scale touring and home-grown productions; its studio space, the Drum, is renowned for featuring new writing. 8Information Plymouth LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Drake Circus; per 30 min £2; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat; W) Internet access and free wi-fi. Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Charles Cross; h24hr) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01752-306330; www.visitplymouth.co.uk; 3 The Barbican; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus National Express services include: A **Birmingham** (£30, five hours, five daily) A **Bristol** (£20, three hours, four daily) A **London** (£25, five to six hours, six daily) A **Penzance** (£10, 3¼ hours, four daily) Other services: A **Exeter** (£6.50, 1¼ hours, two-hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) Bus X38. A **Tavistock** (£6.20, one hour, one to three hourly) Bus 83/84/86; runs via Yelverton. Train Services include: A **Bristol** (£20, two hours, two or three per hour) A **Exeter** (£9, one hour, half-hourly) A **London** **Paddington** (£40, 3¼ hours, half-hourly) A **Penzance** (£10, two hours, half-hourly) A **Totnes** (£8, 30 minutes, half-hourly to hourly) ### Dartmoor National Park Dartmoor is an ancient, compelling landscape, so different from the rest of Devon that a visit feels like falling straight into Tolkien's _Return of the King_. Exposed granite hills (called tors) crest on the horizon, linked by swaths of honey-tinged moors. Streams tumble over moss-smothered boulders in woods of twisted trees. The centre of this 368-sq-mile national park is the higher moor; a vast, treeless expanse. On sunny, summer days Dartmoor is idyllic; ponies wander at will and sheep graze beside the road; a cinematic location that features in Steven Spielberg's WWI epic _War Horse._ But Dartmoor is also the setting for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's _The Hound of the Baskervilles,_ and in sleeting rain and swirling mists you suddenly see why; the moor morphs into a bleak wilderness where tales of a phantom hound can seem very real indeed. Dartmoor's settlements range from brooding Princetown and picturesque Widecombe-in-the-Moor to tiny Postbridge and genteel Chagford. In between, lies a natural breakout zone offering superb hiking, cycling, riding, climbing and white-water kayaking; rustic pubs and fancy restaurants; wild camping nooks and country-house hotels – perfect boltholes when the fog rolls in. Dartmoor is administered by the Dartmoor National Park Authority (DNPA; www.dartmoor.gov.uk). ### DARTMOOR HIKES The 18-mile **Templer Way** is a two- to three-day leg stretch from Haytor to Teignmouth, while the **West Devon Way** forms a 36-mile trek linking Okehampton and Plymouth. The 95-mile **Dartmoor Way** circles from Buckfastleigh in the south, through Moretonhampstead, northwest to Okehampton and south through Lydford to Tavistock. The 117-mile **Two Moors Way** runs from Wembury on the south Devon coast, across Dartmoor and Exmoor to Lynmouth, on the north coast. Be prepared for Dartmoor's notoriously fickle weather and carry a map and compass – many trails are not waymarked. The Ordnance Survey (OS) Explorer 1:25,000 map No 28, _Dartmoor_ (£8), is the most comprehensive and shows park boundaries and Ministry of Defence firing-range areas. For shorter walks see (Click here) 2Activities Walking Some 730 miles of public footpaths snake across Dartmoor's open heaths and rocky tors. The Pathfinder _Dartmoor Walks_ (£12) guide has 28 hikes of up to 9 miles, while its _Dartmoor Short Walks_ (£8) focuses on family-friendly treks. oMoorland GuidesWALKING (www.moorlandguides.co.uk; adult/child £5-10/free) Wide range of walks, from one-hour rambles to strenuous all-day hikes, on themes spanning heritage, geology, wildlife, myths and navigation. DNPA Guided WalksWALKING (www.dartmoor.gov.uk/visiting; adult/child £5/free) One to six-hour, ranger-led outings. ### WARNING The military uses three adjoining areas of Dartmoor as training ranges where live ammunition is used. Tourist offices can outline their locations; they're also marked on Ordnance Survey (OS) maps. You're advised to check if the route you're planning falls within a range; if it does, find out if firing is taking place when you want to walk via the Firing Information Service ( %0800 458 4868; www.mod.uk/access). During the day, red flags fly at the edges of in-use ranges, while red flares burn at night. Even when there's no firing, beware of unidentified metal objects lying in the grass. Don't touch anything you find: note its position and report it to the Commandant ( %01837-650010). Cycling Routes include the 11-mile **Granite Way** , which runs, now entirely off-road, along a former railway line between Okehampton and Lydford. The 13-mile **Princetown & Burrator Mountain Bike Route** is a challenging moorland circuit along tracks and bridleways taking in Princetown, Sheepstor village and Burrator Reservoir. Tourist offices also sell the _Dartmoor Cycling Map_ (£13). Devon Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01837-861141; www.devoncyclehire.co.uk; Sourton Down, near Okehampton; per day adult/child £14/10; h9am-5pm Thu-Tue Apr-Sep) On the Granite Way. Princetown Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL (Fox Tor Cafe; %01822-890238; www.princetowncyclehire.co.uk; Two Bridges Rd, Princetown; per day adult/child £18.50/10; h9am-5pm) Handy for the Princetown & Burrator Mountain Bike Route. Horse Riding A number of local stables cater to all abilities. EastlakeHORSE RIDING ( %01837-52513; www.eastlakeridingstables.co.uk; Eastlake, near Okehampton; per 2hr £35) Shilstone RocksHORSE RIDING ( %01364-621281; www.dartmoorstables.com; Widecombe-in-the-Moor; per 1/2hr £40/55) Tor RoyalHORSE RIDING ( %01822-890189; www.dartmoorhorseriding.co.uk; Princetown; per 1/2hr £25/40) White-Water Sports The raging River Dart makes Dartmoor a top spot for thrill seekers. Experienced kayakers can get permits from the DNPA. For white-water kayaking, go for Dynamic Adventures, near Totnes. Rivers are only open from October to mid-March. CRS AdventuresWATER SPORTS ( %01364-653444; www.crsadventures.co.uk) For white-water rafting (per two people £100), try this operator near Widecombe-in-the-Moor. Climbing Adventure OkehamptonOUTDOORS ( %01837-53916; www.adventureokehampton.com; Klondyke Rd, Okehampton; per day from £60; hschool holidays only) Runs wall- and rock-climbing sessions, plus activities including archery, abseiling and wild camping. ### PREHISTORIC DARTMOOR With an estimated 11,000 monuments Dartmoor is ripe for archaeological explorations. It has the largest concentration of Bronze Age (c 2300–700 BC) remains in the country, 75 stone rows (half the national total), 18 stone circles and 5000 huts. The **Merrivale Stone Rows** , near Princetown, are a handy one-stop shop for most monument types. The site has a parallel stone row, a stone circle, a menhir, burial chambers and dozens of hut circles. To the northeast, near Chagford, the **Grey Wethers** stone circles stand side by side on a stretch of open moor; another stone circle is 400m away near Fernworthy. Also nearby, at Gidleigh, **Scorhill** stone circle is sometimes called the Stonehenge of Dartmoor, although only half of the original stones remain. The biggest site is the Bronze Age village of **Grimspound** , just off the B3212, where you can wander inside the circular stone wall that once surrounded an entire village, and the ruins of several granite roundhouses. You can buy guides to some sites (£4) from tourist offices. ### ENJOY DARTMOOR MAGAZINE The DNPA's _Enjoy Dartmoor_ magazine is packed with details of activities, attractions, campsites and guided walks. Pick it up at tourist offices and venues across the moor. 8Information DNPA HaytorTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01364-661520; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Mar & Oct, 10.30am-3.30pm Thu-Sun Nov-Feb) DNPA PostbridgeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01822-880272; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Mar & Oct, 10.30am-3.30pm Thu-Sun Nov-Feb) Higher Moorland Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION (DNPA; %01822-890414; www.dartmoor.gov.uk; Princetown; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Mar & Oct, 10.30am-3.30pm Thu-Sun Nov-Feb) Dartmoor's main tourist office also stocks walking guides, maps and clothes. 8Getting There & Around Public transport is an option, but planning is needed and some services are seasonal. Tourist offices stock bus timetables; see also www.journeydevon.info. Bus The Dartmoor Sunday Rover (adult/child/family £8/6/17) offers unlimited Sunday travel on most moorland bus routes; buy from drivers or at Plymouth train station. A **Bus 83/84/86** (one to three hourly) From Plymouth to Tavistock, via Yelverton. A **Bus 118** (two to six daily) From Barnstaple to Tavistock (2¼ hours), via Lydford and Okehampton. A **Bus 359** (six daily Monday to Saturday) From Exeter to Moretonhampstead. A **Bus 98** (three daily Monday to Saturday) A year-round service, which runs from Tavistock to Princetown, via Merrivale; one bus a day goes onto Two Bridges and Postbridge. AHaytor Hoppa Runs on Saturdays between April and October only, providing four buses between Newton Abbot, Bovey Tracey, Haytor and Widecombe-in-the-Moor (daily fare £5). A **Transmoor Link/Bus 82** Runs on Saturdays and Sundays between mid-May and mid-September only, making one trip each way from Exeter to Tavistock (£5.80) via Moretonhampstead, Postbridge, Princetown and Yelverton. It leaves Exeter in the morning and Tavistock in the afternoon. ## 2Driving Tour A Dartmoor Road Trip **Start** Tavistock **End** Chagford **Length** 20 miles; One day Driving on Dartmoor is like being inside a feature film: compelling 360-degree views are screened all around. This scenic, west-to-east transmoor traverse sweeps up and through this wilderness, taking in a bleak prison, prehistoric remains, a rustic pub and a unique castle. Start by strolling among the fine 19th-century architecture of 1 **Tavistock** , perhaps dropping by its Pannier Market to rummage for antiques. Next take the B3357 towards Princetown. It climbs steeply (expect ears to pop), crosses a cattle grid (a sign you're on the moor 'proper') and crests a hill to reveal swaths of honey-coloured tors. Soon you're at 2Merrivale. Park up on the right, just after the Dartmoor Inn, and stroll over the rise (due south) to discover a snaking stone row; a tiny stone circle and a standing stone are just 100m further on. Back in the car, after a short climb, turn right towards Princetown, glimpsing the brooding bulk of Dartmoor Prison (you can't stop here; there's a better vantage point later). Call in at the 3Dartmoor Prison Museum to explore the jail's grim story. Cut through rugged 4Princetown, before picking up the B3212 towards Two Bridges; the 5 **lay-by** immediately after you leave Princetown provides prime Dartmoor Prison views. As you follow signs for Moretonhampstead, an expansive landscape unfurls. At 6Postbridge, park and stroll over the 700-year-old bridge, then dangle hot feet in the cold River Dart. A few miles further on, the 7Warren House Inn makes an atmospheric spot for lunch. Around 8 **Lettaford** take one of the signed, plunging lanes to 9Chagford to visit its quaint, thatch-dotted square. Scour some of its wonderfully old-fashioned shops, then head to aCastle Drogo to explore a unique 1920s stately home. Finish the day back at Chagford at b22 Mill Street; a truly classy spot to eat and sleep. ### DRIVING ON DARTMOOR Dartmoor's roads are exciting to drive, but large stretches have unfenced grazing so you'll come across Dartmoor ponies, sheep and even cows in the middle of the road. Many sections have a 40mph speed limit. Car parks on the moor can be little more than lay-bys; their surface can be rough to very rough. #### Princetown Pop 1767 Set in the heart of the remote, higher moor, Princetown is dominated by the grey, foreboding bulk of Dartmoor Prison and on bad weather days the town can have a bleak feel. But it's also a useful insight into the harsh realities of moorland life and makes an atmospheric base for some excellent walks. 1Sights Dartmoor Prison MuseumMUSEUM ( %01822-322130; www.dartmoor-prison.co.uk; Princetown; adult/child £3.50/2.50; h9.30am-12.30pm & 1.30-4pm; p) In the early 1800s Princetown's jail was home to French and American Prisoners of war, becoming a convict jail in 1850. Just up from the looming gates, this museum provides a chilling glimpse of life inside. Look out for straitjackets, manacles, escape stories and the makeshift knives made by modern prisoners. You can also book a guided walk (adult/child £6.50/5.50) which skirts the prison perimeter and heads into otherwise out-of-bounds French and American cemeteries. Higher Moorland Tourist OfficeINTERPRETATION CENTRE (DNPA; %01822-890414; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Mar & Oct, 10.30am-3.30pm Thu-Sun Nov-Feb) Heritage displays include those on tin workings, gunpowder factories, legends and a stunning time-lapse video. The office used to be the Duchy Hotel; one former guest was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who went on to write _The_ _Hound of the Baskervilles_. Dartmoor lore recounts local man Henry Baskerville took the novelist on a carriage tour, and the brooding landscape he encountered, coupled with legends of huge phantom dogs, inspired the thriller. 4Sleeping & Eating oPrince of WalesHOSTEL ( %01822-890219; www.theprinceofwalesprincetown.co.uk; Tavistock Rd; dm/s/d £14/40/60; p) The pick of Dartmoor's bunkhouses, with central heating, double glazing (on the moor, this matters) and – joy of joys – a drying room. The rustic pub (mains £5 to £16, served 11am to 2.30pm and 5.30pm to 8pm) next door is famous for its three open fires, mixed-grill platters the size of tea trays and pints of own-brewed, full-bodied, Jail Ale. oTor Royal FarmB&B ( %01822-890189; www.torroyal.co.uk; Tor Royal Lane, near Princetown; s £55, d £85-100; p W) Just what a middle-of-the-moor retreat should be – an easygoing, country cottage–styled farmhouse packed with lived-in charm. Their own-reared pork appears on the breakfast menu, and you can book horse-riding lessons at their stables right next door. Two BridgesHOTEL ( %01822-892300; www.twobridges.co.uk; Two Bridges; s £95-120, d £140-190; p W) Perhaps the definitive historic moorland hotel: polished wood panels, huge inglenook fireplaces and a guest list that includes Wallis Simpson, Winston Churchill and Vivien Leigh. It's 1.5 miles northeast of Princetown. 8Getting There & Away Bus 98 runs from Tavistock to Princetown (£2.30, three daily, Monday to Saturday). One service a day goes on to Two Bridges and Postbridge. #### Postbridge Pop 170 The quaint hamlet of Postbridge owes its popularity, and its name, to its medieval stone slab or clapper bridge; a 13th-century structure with four, 10ft-long slabs propped up on sturdy columns of stacked stones. Walking over takes you across the rushing East Dart river; a picturesque spot to whip off your boots and plunge your feet into water that's quite possibly never felt so cold. 4Sleeping & Eating oBrimpts FarmB&B, CAFE ( %0845-0345968; www.brimptsfarm.co.uk; site per person £3, s/d/f £33/55/83; p) The brightly painted, rustic bedrooms above this farmhouse have views over _War Horse_ location Combestone Tor; the back-to-nature camping fields are idyllic and the cream teas are some of the moor's best: freshly baked scones, homemade jams and utterly gooey clotted cream (£5) served 11.30am to 5.30pm on weekends and school holidays. Brimpts is signed off the B3357, Two Bridges–Dartmeet road. Runnage YHAHUT ( %0800 0191 700; www.yha.org.uk; dm £10; p) A converted hayloft on a working farm where you bed down to a soundtrack of bleating sheep. It's 1.5 miles east of Postbridge: take the 'Widecombe' turning off the B3212 Moretonhampstead road. Dartmoor YHAHOSTEL (Bellever; %0845-371 9622; www.yha.org.uk; dm/d £15/48; p) A characterful former farm on the edge of a conifer plantation, with a huge kitchen, lots of rustic stone walls and cosy dorms. It's a mile south of Postbridge. oWarren House InnPUB (www.warrenhouseinn.co.uk; mains £6-14; hkitchen noon-8.30pm, shorter winter hr) Marooned amid miles of moorland, this Dartmoor institution exudes a hospitality only found in pubs in the middle of nowhere. A fire that's been burning (apparently) since 1845 warms stone floors, trestle tables and hikers munching robust food; the Warreners' Pie (local rabbit) is legendary. It's on the B3212, some 2 miles northeast of Postbridge. The bar's open 11am to 11pm. 8Getting There & Away Bus 98 runs to Princetown (£1.25, one per day Monday to Saturday). Postbridge is also served by the Transmoor Link. #### Widecombe-in-the-Moor Pop 566 This is archetypal Dartmoor, down to the ponies grazing on a village green encircled by 15th-century buildings of honey-grey stone. The village features in the traditional English folksong, 'Widecombe Fair'; an event that takes place on the second Tuesday of September. 1Sights St Pancras ChurchCHURCH St Pancras' immense 40m tower has seen it dubbed the Cathedral of the Moor. Inside search out the boards telling the fire-and-brimstone tale of the violent storm of 1638 – it knocked a pinnacle from the roof, killing several parishioners. As ever on Dartmoor, the devil was blamed, said to be in search of souls. 4Sleeping & Eating Manor CottageB&B ( %01364-621218; www.manorcottagedartmoor.co.uk; d £50-60; p W) Roses climb around the doorway of this quaint, ancient, village-centre cottage. The best billet is a bedroom-bathroom suite at the top of its own spiral staircase. Breakfasts feature berry compote, local sausages and eggs freshly laid by the hens clucking around outside. Rugglestone InnPUB (www.rugglestoneinn.co.uk; mains £11; hkitchen noon-2pm & 6.30-9pm) You'll find plenty of locals in front of this intimate old pub's wood-burning stove. Its stone floor and low beams set the scene for hearty dishes; pies are a speciality, including fishermen's, beef in ale, and a rich steak and Stilton. 8Getting There & Away Bus 672 stops once a week (Wednesday) en route to Buckfastleigh (£1.60, 40 minutes) and Newton Abbot (£2.60, one hour). On summer Saturdays Widecombe is served by the Haytor Hoppa. #### Chagford & Around Pop 1446 With its wonky thatches and cream-and white-fronted buildings, Chagford clusters on the edge of Dartmoor around a picturesque square. But this apparently timeless moorland scene is also now home to some supremely stylish places to eat and sleep. The bustling market town of Moretonhampstead sits 5 miles east. 1Sights oCastle DrogoHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01647-433306; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; nr Drewsteignton; adult/child £8.70/4.30; h11am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct; p) Magical, unique Castle Drogo really shouldn't be missed. Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens for self-made food-millionaire Julius Drewe, it was built between 1911 and 1931. The brief was to combine the medieval grandeur of a castle and the comforts of a 20th-century country house, so today you see Tudor, Georgian and Edwardian styling along with both crenellated battlements and cosy carpeted interiors. The woodland trails have extraordinary alpine-esque views over the plunging Teign Gorge. It's 3 miles northeast of Chagford. 4Sleeping & Eating SparrowhawkHOSTEL ( %01647-440318; www.sparrowhawkbackpackers.co.uk; 45 Ford St, Moretonhampstead; dm/d/f £17/38/46) S At this long-standing backpackers' favourite, primary colours meet beams and exposed stone in light dorms overlooking a central courtyard that's ringed by rickety outbuildings. oGidleigh ParkHOTEL ( %01647-432367; www.gidleigh.com; Gidleigh; d £315-515, ste £1100-1220; p W) At Devon's most luxurious hotel crests, crenellations and roaring fires meet shimmering blue-marble bathrooms, complete with waterproof TVs. Culinary alchemy occurs in the double Michelin-starred restaurant where the eight-course tasting menu costs £140 – thrifty cognoscenti opt for the £44 two-course lunch. It's 2 miles west of Chagford. 22 Mill StreetB&B ( %01647-432244; www.22millst.com; 22 Mill St, Chagford; d £130-170; W) The elegant rooms of this sleek retreat feature wooden floorboards, satin cushions and bursts of modern art. Its intimate restaurant (two-course lunch/dinner £19/36, served noon to 2.30pm and 7pm to 9pm Wednesday to Saturday) delivers creative twists on local, seasonal fare: expect scallops with black pudding, and garlic-laced Dartmoor lamb. oHorseGASTROPUB ( %01647-440242; www.thehorsedartmoor.co.uk; 7 George St; mains £5-19; h12.30-2.30pm Tue-Sat, 6.30-9pm daily) With a style somewhere between boho-chic and casual country house, this funky gastropub makes for a chilled-out hang-out. Mediterranean-themed goodies crowd a menu which ranges from pizzas and Dartmoor beef bresaola, to worth-forking-out-for à la carte. Sandy ParkINN ( %01647-433267; www.sandyparkinn.co.uk; Sandy Park; mains £8-12; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-9pm Sat & Sun; p) A 17th-century thatch with exposed-beam bar, quality restaurant and brightly furnished rooms (£60 to £80). 8Getting There & Away A **Bus 173** Goes from Chagford to Exeter (£3.60, one hour, five daily Monday to Saturday), with two services also stopping at Moretonhampstead. A **Bus 178** (one daily Monday to Saturday) Runs from Moretonhampstead to Okehampton (£2.40, one hour), via Chagford (45 minutes). A **Bus 359** (£3.50, six daily Monday to Saturday) Links Moretonhampstead with Exeter. Moretonhampstead is also served by the Transmoor Link. #### Okehampton & Lydford Pop 7831 Okehampton huddles on the edge of an uninhabited tract of bracken-covered slopes and granite tors – the mind-expanding landscape known as the higher moor. The town has a staging-post feel, and its traditional shops and pubs are good places to prepare for a foray into the wilderness. Some 9 miles southwest, the village of Lydford has an archetypal inn, a string of weathered granite cottages and a stunning gorge. 1Sights & Activities oLydford GorgeWATERFALL (NT; %01822-820320; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Lydford; adult/child £7/3.50; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) The 1.5-mile rugged riverside hikes here snake past a series of bubbling whirlpools (including the fearsome Devil's Cauldron) to the thundering, 30m-high White Lady waterfall. Okehampton CastleCASTLE (EH; %01837-52844; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Castle Lodge, Okehampton; adult/child £4/2.40; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 6pm Jul & Aug) The towering ruined Norman motte and keep of what was once Devon's largest castle cling to a wooded spur, setting the scene for some picturesque rampart clambering. Finch FoundryHISTORIC SITE (NT; %01837-840046; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Sticklepath; adult/child £5/3; h11am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct; p) The last working water-powered forge in England sits at the end of a 4-mile (3½-hour) walk east along the Tarka Trail from Okehampton. 4Sleeping & Eating Okehampton Bracken Tor YHAHOSTEL ( %0844 293 0555; www.yha.org.uk; Saxongate; dm £20; p i W) Budget-conscious outdoors types love this one: a 100-year-old country house, set in 1.6-hectare grounds on the fringe of the higher moor – it also offers climbing, canoeing and bike hire. It's a mile south of Okehampton; be aware, there's another YHA hostel in Okehampton itself. oDartmoor InnINN ( %01822-820221; www.dartmoorinn.com; Moorside, Lydford; d £100; p) They've pulled off the ancient-meets-modern trick superbly here. Distressed furniture, lavish fabrics and Roberts radios fill chic bedrooms; flagstone floors, roaring open fires and horse brass–hung beams frame diners tucking into elegant gastropub meals (mains £13 to £22, served noon to 2.30pm and 6.45pm to 9pm Tuesday to Saturday, plus noon to 2.30pm Sunday). Irresistible. CastleINN ( %01822-820241; www.castleinndartmoor.co.uk; Lydford; d £60-95; p W) The bedrooms in this Elizabethan inn range from smallish 'n' simple to spacious and luxurious – bag room 1 for a private deck and views of tiny, ruined Lydford Castle. The bar is the ultimate snug: lamplight bathes bow ceilings and high-backed benches, while the food, served noon to 3pm and 5pm to 9pm, is tried and tested Dartmoor pub fare (mains £9 to £22). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01837-53020; www.okehamptondevon.co.uk; Museum Courtyard, 3 West St, Okehampton; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, to 4pm Mon, Fri & Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away A **Bus 118** (two to six daily) Stops at Okehampton and Lydford, en route from Barnstaple to Tavistock (£6.15, 2¼ hours). A **Bus 178** (one daily Monday to Saturday) Runs to Okehampton from Moretonhampstead (£2.40, one hour), via Chagford (45 minutes). A **Bus X9** (five daily Monday to Saturday) Links Okehampton with Exeter (£3.40, 50 minutes) and Bude (£4.40, one hour). ### Croyde & Braunton Pop 8131 The cheerful, chilled village of Croyde is Devon's surf central. Here olde worlde meets new wave: thatched roofs peep out over racks of wetsuits; crowds of cool types in board shorts sip beer outside 17th-century inns. The businesslike town of Braunton is 4 miles inland. 1Sights & Activities The water's hard to resist in Croyde. Ralph's ( %01271-890147; Hobbs Hill, Croyde; surfboard & wetsuit per 4/24hr £12/18, bodyboard & wetsuit £10/15; h9am-dusk mid-Mar–Dec) is among those hiring equipment. Lessons are provided by Surf South West ( %01271-890400; www.surfsouthwest.com; Croyde Burrows, Croyde; per half/full day £32/62; hMar-Nov) and Surfing Croyde Bay ( %01271-891200; www.surfingcroydebay.co.uk; 8 Hobbs Hill, Croyde; per half day adult/child £40/35). oMuseum of British SurfingMUSEUM ( %01271-815155; www.museumofbritishsurfing.org.uk; Caen St, Braunton; adult/child £3.60/free; h10am-4pm Wed-Mon Easter-Dec) Few museums are this cool. Vibrant surfboards and vintage wetsuits line the walls, sepia images catch your eye. The stories are compelling: 18th-century British sailors riding Hawaiian waves; England's 1920s home-grown surf pioneers – here heritage meets hanging ten. 4Sleeping & Eating Croyde gets very busy in the summer – book ahead, even for campsites. oBaggyHOSTEL, B&B (www.baggys.co.uk; Baggy Point; dm/d £30/110; W) It doesn't get much sleeker than this surf lodge-cum-cafe set right on the coast path beside Croyde Bay. The dorms are super-smart, the sea-view doubles positively boutiquey, and breakfast (served till 11am) can be eaten on decking watching the waves. Bay View FarmCAMPSITE ( %01271-890501; www.bayviewfarm.co.uk; Croyde; site per 2 adults £24; hApr-Oct; p W) One of the area's best campsites, with laundry, showers and surf-view pitches. Often requires a week's minimum booking in summer. Ocean PitchCAMPSITE ( %07581-024348; www.oceanpitch.co.uk; Moor Lane, Croyde; site per 2 adults £29-33; hmid-Jun–Aug; p W) Set at the northern end of Croyde Bay, a well-equipped site that's two minutes' walk to the beach and has cracking sea views. ThatchINN ( %01271-890349; www.thethatchcroyde.com; 14 Hobbs Hill, Croyde; d £50-110, f £130) A legendary venue among surfers, this cavernous, thatched pub's trendy bedrooms feature subtle creams, stripes and checks; the owners offer similar billets above another pub and in the cottage opposite. The pick though are at their nearby (quieter) Priory, where elegant beams frame exposed stone. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01271-816688; www.visitbraunton.co.uk; Caen St, Braunton; h10am-3pm Mon-Fri, to 1pm Sat) Inside Braunton's museum. 8Getting There & Away A **Bus 21/21A** (half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday) Runs between Ilfracombe and Barnstaple (£2.30, 40 minutes), via Braunton. A **Bus 308** (hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) Goes from Barnstaple to Braunton, Saunton Sands and Croyde (£2.40, 50 minutes). ### Ilfracombe & Around Pop 11,509 Ilfracombe's geology is startling. Precipitous headlands plummet down to pint-sized beaches; waterfront walkways cling to the sides of sheer cliffs. The town seems at first a classic, well-worn Victorian watering hole. Streets slope to a historic harbour lined by touristy shops; crazy golf greens and ropes of twinkling lights line the promenade. But the resort also has a snazzier side, as evidenced by an immense Damien Hirst statue, a string of smart eateries and places to sleep, and some enchanting Victorian bathing pools. 1Sights & Activities oVerityLANDMARK (The Pier) F Pregnant, naked and holding aloft a huge spear, Damien Hirst's 20m statue, _Verity_ , towers above Ilfracombe's harbour mouth. On the seaward side her skin is peeled back, revealing sinew, fat and foetus. Critics say she detracts from the scenery, the artist says she's an allegory for truth and justice. Either way, she's drawing the crowds. Ilfracombe AquariumAQUARIUM ( %01271-864533; www.ilfracombeaquarium.co.uk; The Pier; adult/child £4.25/3.25; h10am-4.30pm, to 5.45pm late-Jul & Aug) Recreates aquatic environments from Exmoor to the Atlantic, via estuary, rock pool and harbour. oTunnelsbeachesSWIMMING ( %01271-879882; www.tunnelsbeaches.co.uk; Granville Rd; adult/child £2.50/2; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 7pm Jul & Aug) It was a remarkable feat – in 1823 hundreds of Welsh miners hacked, by hand, the four tunnels here out of solid rock. They lead to a strip of beach where you can still plunge into the sea from Victorian tidal bathing pools. Extensive exhibits include sepia photos depicting the site in the 19th century, conveying a world of woollen bathing suits, segregated swimming and boating etiquette ('Gentlemen who cannot swim should never take ladies upon the water'). 4Sleeping & Eating Ocean BackpackersHOSTEL ( %01271-867835; www.oceanbackpackers.co.uk; 29 St James Pl; dm £15-19, d £45; p i W) Brightly painted en suite dorms, a convivial kitchen and free coffee lend this long-established indie hostel a laid-back vibe; the giant world map in the lounge has kick-started countless travellers' tales. oNorbury House B&B ( %01271-863888; www.norburyhouse.co.uk; Torrs Park; d £85-110, f £120-145; p W) Each of the rooms in this gorgeous guesthouse is done up in a different style: choose from pop art, art deco or contemporary chic. Fabulous soft furnishings, a light-filled sitting room (complete with baby grand piano), charming hosts and cracking sea-and-town views seal the deal. Olive Branch & RoomB&B ( %01271-879005; www.olivebranchguesthouse.co.uk; 56 Fore St; s £42-95, d £75-105; W) Georgian trimmings (bay windows and ceiling roses) meet modern furnishings (oval armchairs and beautifully carved wood) in swish rooms that, mostly, have grandstand views over the bay and steeply sloping Capstone Hill. The buzzing bistro downstairs (mains £12, open 6.30pm to 9pm Wednesday to Monday) rustles up tasty treats. 11 The QuayEUROPEAN ( %01271-868090; www.11thequay.co.uk; 11 The Quay; mains £8-25; h10am-10pm) Ilfracombe's hippest harbourside hang-out by far is owned by artist Damien Hirst (he of the cut-in-half cows). His creations line the walls, so you get to tuck into lobster macaroni or Exmoor Angus steaks while studying models of his statue _Verity_ and, with delicious irony, fish in formaldehyde. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01271-863001; www.visitilfracombe.co.uk; The Seafront; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, from 10.30am Sat & Sun) Inside the Landmark Theatre. 8Getting There & Away A **Bus 21/21A** (half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday) Runs to Barnstaple (£2.30, 40 minutes), via Braunton. A **Bus 300** Heads to Lynton and Lynmouth (£3.70, 45 minutes) twice on Saturday and once on Sunday; on Sunday the service goes onto Minehead (£5.40, 1¾ hours). ### Clovelly & Around Pop 440 Clovelly is the quintessential, picture-postcard Devon village. Its cottages cascade down cliffs to meet a curving crab claw of a harbour which is lined with lobster pots and set against a deep-blue sea. A clutch of impossibly picturesque inns and B&Bs make it even harder to leave. 1Sights Clovelly Historic VillageHISTORIC SITE ( %01237-431644; www.clovelly.co.uk; adult/child £7/4; h9am-6.30pm Jun-Sep, 9.30am-5pm Apr-May & Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Mar; p) Clovelly is privately owned, and admission is charged at the hilltop visitor centre. The village's cobbled streets are so steep that cars can't cope, so supplies are still brought in by sledge; you'll see these big bread baskets on runners leaning outside homes. Charles Kingsley, author of the children's classic _The Water Babies,_ spent much of his early life in Clovelly – don't miss his former **house** , or the highly atmospheric **fisherman's cottage** and the village's twin **chapels**. Hartland Abbey HISTORIC BUILDING ( %01237-441496; www.hartlandabbey.com; adult/child £11/5; hhouse 2-5pm, grounds 11.30am-5pm Sun-Thu Apr-Sep ; p) History seems to flow from the walls of this enchanting, warm-grey manor house. Built in the 12th century, it was a monastery until Henry VIII grabbed it in the Dissolution; he then gave it to the sergeant of his wine cellar. Today its sumptuous interiors house vivid murals, an ornate Alhambra Passage and a Regency library designed in the Strawberry Hill Gothic style. It's 5 miles west of Clovelly, off the A39 between Hartland and Hartland Quay. 4Sleeping & Eating Donkey Shoe CottageB&B ( %01237-431601; www.donkeyshoecottage.co.uk; 21 High St; s/d £30/60) A country-style B&B plumb on Clovelly's crazily steep hill, with wooden floors, raspberry-red walls and sea views – the best is from number 3, under the eaves. oBerridon FarmCAMPSITE ( %01409-241552; www.berridonfarm.co.uk; near Bradworthy; 3 nights £400-515, 7 nights £575-975; hEaster–mid-Oct; p) At Berridon camping goes seriously comfy. Here five- or six-person, insulated safari-style tents sport a leather sofa and wood burner/oven, plus proper beds and a flushing loo. If it's wet, head for the shabby-chic sitting-eating-play space in a converted barn. It's all tucked away 11 miles south of Clovelly. Red LionINN ( %01237-431237; www.clovelly.co.uk; d £150-180) Set right beside the water, the Red Lion has plush bedrooms with either harbour or sea views, a quality restaurant (two/three courses £25/30, booking required), and a welcoming bar (mains £8, served noon to 2.30pm and 6pm to 8.30pm). 8Getting There & Away Bus 319 (five daily Monday to Saturday) runs between Clovelly, Hartland Village, Bideford (£2.10, 40 minutes) and Barnstaple (£2.70, one hour). ## Bristol Pop 393,300 If ever there was a British city on the rise, it's Bristol. Once a centre for heavy industry, over the last few decades the southwest's largest city has reinvented itself as a hub of culture and creativity. From Clifton's iconic suspension bridge to Brunel's groundbreaking steamship, the SS _Great Britain,_ it's a city that's awash with historical interest. But Bristol is also known for its offbeat, alternative character, and you'll find a wealth of art collectives, community-run cafes and music venues dotted around the city's streets – not to mention murals left behind by the city's most notorious son, the mischievous street artist Banksy. Throw in the revamped harbourside, the landmark new M-Shed history museum and a fast-growing foodie reputation, and it's little wonder that Bristol was recently named Britain's most liveable city. Gert lush, as they might say round these parts. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### BRISTOL'S HOT SPRINGS Bath isn't the only southwest city with its own outdoor hot tub. It's a little-known fact that Bristol sits on its own system of hot springs, which bubble up through the rocks beneath the Avon Gorge. During the 19th century, these geothermally heated waters turned the area around Hotwells into a popular spa resort, where Georgian bathers flocked to try the curative waters (which were believed to alleviate a variety of conditions including consumption, asthma, dropsy and venereal diseases). The area even had its own funicular railway between Hotwells and Clifton, which served as a bomb shelter during WWII. Though Bristol's days as a spa town may be over, you can still experience a flavour of its hot-water heyday, thanks to the wonderful Bristol Lido ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-933 9530; www.lidobristol.com; Oakfield Pl; nonmembers £20; hnonmembers 1-4pm Mon-Fri). Originally opened as the Clifton Lido in 1849, the baths fell into disrepair and were closed in 1990, but have been carefully restored over the last few years. They're now a real local's secret, with a beautiful 24m outdoor swimming pool that's kept at a constant temperature of around 24˚C. Spa treatments and massage sessions are also available, and there's even an excellent bistro. The only drawback for nonlocals is that priority is given to members. On weekends and busy days the lido is closed for day visitors, so phone ahead to make sure there's space. History The city began as a Saxon village and developed into the medieval river-port of Brigstow, an important trading centre for cloth and wine. In 1497, 'local hero' John Cabot (actually a Genoese sailor called Giovanni Caboto) sailed from Bristol to discover Newfoundland in 1497. The city subsequently become one of Britain's major ports, growing rich on the 'Triangular Trade' (in which African slaves were shipped across the Atlantic to New World colonies, where they were bartered for luxury goods such as sugar, rum, tobacco and cotton that fetched a healthy profit back home). Much of Bristol's 18th-century splendour – including Clifton's terraces and the Old Vic theatre – were part-financed on profits from the trade. After being usurped by rival ports in London and Liverpool, Bristol repositioned itself as an industrial and shipbuilding centre, and in 1840 became the western terminus for the newly built Great Western Railway line from London. In the early 20th century, local engineers pioneered the development of a groundbreaking aeroplane design, known as the Bristol Boxkite, and the city became a hub for aeronautics; many parts for Concorde were made in nearby Filton. Unfortunately, Bristol's industrial importance made it a target for German bombing during WWII, and much of the city centre and harbourside was reduced to rubble. In 2006, the city celebrated the bicentenary of the birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the pioneering Victorian engineer responsible (among many other things) for the Great Western Railway, the Clifton Suspension Bridge and SS _Great Britain_. Bristol 1Top Sights 1SS Great BritainC5 1Sights 2ArnolfiniE5 3At-BristolE4 4Bristol AquariumE4 5Bristol LidoC2 6Bristol Museum & Art GalleryD3 7Bristol ZooA1 8Brunel InstituteD5 9Cabot TowerD4 10Georgian HouseD4 11M ShedE5 12MatthewD5 13Red LodgeE3 14Spike IslandC5 15Well Hung LoverE4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 16Bristol Highlights WalkE4 17Bristol Packet Boat TripsE4 18Cycle The CityE4 4Sleeping 19Bristol YHAE5 20Brooks Guest HouseF3 21Future Inn Cabot CircusG2 22Hotel du VinF2 23Mercure Brigstow HotelF4 24Premier Inn, King StF4 5Eating Bagel BoyF3 25Boston Tea PartyD3 26CanteenG1 27CowshedC1 28FishersA3 29GlassboatF4 30Olive ShedE5 31OxF3 32PieministerF1 33Primrose CaféB3 34RiverstationF5 35St Nicholas MarketF3 36Thali CaféB3 6Drinking & Nightlife 37AlbionB3 38AppleF4 39BrewDog BristolF4 40Grain BargeC5 41Highbury VaultsD1 42TheklaF5 3Entertainment 43Bristol Old VicF4 44Colston HallE3 45FleeceG4 46WatershedE4 7Shopping 47Cabot CircusG2 48Dig HaüshizzleE3 49LootF2 50Rise MusicD2 1Sights oBrunel's SS Great BritainHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-926 0680; www.ssgreatbritain.org; Great Western Dock, Gas Ferry Rd; adult/child/family £13.75/7/36.50; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) Bristol's pride and joy is the mighty steamship SS _Great Britain_ , designed by the genius engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1843. Driven by a revolutionary screw propeller, this massive vessel was one of the largest and most technologically advanced steamships ever built, measuring 322ft (98m) from stern to tip. Originally built as a luxury transatlantic liner, she later fell into disrepair but has since been painstakingly restored to her full glory. The ship has had a chequered history. Between 1843 and 1886, the SS _Great Britain_ served her intended duty as a passenger liner, completing the transatlantic crossing between Bristol and New York in just 14 days. Unfortunately, enormous running costs and mounting debts led her towards an ignominious end: she was eventually sold off and subsequently served as a troop vessel, quarantine ship, emigration transport and coal-hulk, before finally being scuttled near Port Stanley in the Falklands in 1937. Happily, that wasn't the end. The ship was towed back to Bristol in 1970, and has since undergone a 30-year restoration program. The ship's interior has been impeccably refurbished, including the galley, surgeon's quarters, dining saloon and a working model of the original steam engine (weighing 340 tons and measuring three storeys high). The highlight is the 'glass sea' on which the ship sits, enclosing an airtight dry dock that preserves the hull and allows visitors to view the screw propeller. Tickets remain valid for a year, and also include admission to the nearby Brunel Institute ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-926 0680; Great Western Dockyard; h10.30am-4.30pm Tue-Fri & first 2 Sats per month), which houses a wealth of research materials relating to Bristol's maritime past. MatthewHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-927 6868; www.matthew.co.uk; Princes Wharf; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun) F For much of the year, a replica of John Cabot's ship, the _Matthew_ , is moored in Bristol's Floating Harbour. It's a reconstruction of the vessel in which the explorer made his landmark voyage from Bristol to Newfoundland in 1497. The _Matthew_ allows visits Tuesday to Sunday, and also runs trips around the city's harbour (adult/child £10/8) and along the Avon Gorge; see the website for dates. M ShedMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-352 6600; www.bristolmuseums.org.uk/m-shed; Princes Wharf; h10am-5pm Tue-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; c) F Opened in 2011 alongside the iconic cranes of Bristol's dockside, this impressive museum is a treasure trove of memorabilia rummaging through the city's past. The exhibits are divided into three sections (People, Place and Life), and provide a panoramic overview of Bristol's history – from slaves' possessions and vintage buses to Wallace and Gromit figurines and a set of decks once used by Massive Attack. It's all highly interactive, child-friendly – and, best of all, free. In summer, look out for special weekend activities including the chance to ride on the dock cranes, watch the old Pyronaut fire-boat in action or catch a lift aboard the little steam locomotives of the Bristol Harbour Railway (consult the website for timetables). The museum also runs guided tours exploring the harbour's history. Spike IslandGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 2266; www.spikeisland.org.uk; 133 Cumberland Rd; hgallery noon-5pm Tue-Sun, cafe 8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, noon-5pm Sat & Sun) Culture vultures should make time to visit Spike Island, a lively centre for visual arts that's home to a collective of artists' studios, a contemporary art gallery and a cracking little cafe. It's a short walk south from the SS _Great Britain_. ArnolfiniGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-917 2300; www.arnolfini.org.uk; 16 Narrow Quay; h10am-6pm Tue-Sun) The city's avant-garde art gallery occupies a hulking warehouse by the river, and remains the top venue in town for modern art, as well as occasional exhibitions of dance, film and photography. Bristol AquariumAQUARIUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 8929; www.bristolaquarium.co.uk; Harbourside; adult/child/family £13.50/9.25/43.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun) Bristol's harbourside aquarium has underwater habitats including a Bay of Rays, a Coral Sea, a Shark Tank, and an Amazon River Zone, as well as a resident giant Pacific octopus and an underwater viewing tunnel. There's a £2 discount per ticket for buying online. At-Bristol Science CentreMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 345 1235; www.at-bristol.org.uk; Anchor Rd; adult/child/family £12.05/7.70/34.15; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; c) Bristol's interactive science museum has several zones spanning space, technology and the human brain. In the Curiosity Zone you get to walk through a tornado, spin on a human gyroscope and strum the strings of a virtual harp. There's also a great planetarium. It's fun and interactive, and should keep kids entertained for hours. Georgian HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 7 Great George St; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun Apr-Aug) F Once the home of the wealthy West India merchant John Pinney, this 18th-century house provides an evocative insight into aristocratic life in Bristol during the Georgian era. It's decorated in period style, typified by the huge kitchen (complete with cast-iron roasting spit), the book-lined library and the grand drawing rooms, as well as Pinney's cold-water plunge-pool in the basement. Cabot TowerHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h8am-dusk) F Located in the small park of Brandon Hill, this red-brick tower was built between 1896 and 1898 to commemorate John Cabot's pioneering voyage in search of Canada. It was closed in 2007 when suspicious cracks appeared, but was reopened in 2011 and offers an unparalleled bird's-eye panorama over the whole of Bristol. Bristol Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-922 3571; www.bristolmuseums.org.uk/bristol-museum-and-art-gallery; Queen's Rd; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun) F A classic old Edwardian museum that's full of mix-and-match exhibits, taking in everything from dinosaurs and Asian antiques to Assyrian reliefs. The French and Eastern Art sections are particularly strong: look out for paintings by Pissarro and Renoir, and a new 'Red Gate' sculpture by the Chinese artist Guan Donghai. As you enter, look up to see the famous Bristol Boxkite, an early design of propeller-powered biplane, dangling from the ceiling. Red LodgeHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Park Row; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun Apr-Aug) F Built in 1590 but remodelled in 1730, this red-brick house is a mix of Elizabethan, Stuart and Georgian architecture. The highlight is the Great Oak Room, which still features its original Elizabethan oak panelling, plasterwork ceiling and carved chimney piece. CliftonNEIGHBOURHOOD During the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy Bristol merchants transformed the former spa resort of Clifton into an elegant hilltop suburb packed with impressive Georgian mansions. Some of the finest examples can be seen along **Cornwallis Crescent** and **Royal York Crescent**. These days, Clifton is still the poshest postcode in Bristol, with fancy shops and a villagey atmosphere that's far removed from the rest of the city. Clifton Suspension BridgeBRIDGE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cliftonbridge.org.uk) Clifton's most famous (and photographed) landmark is a Brunel masterpiece, the 76m-high Clifton Suspension Bridge, which spans the Avon Gorge. Construction began in 1836, but Brunel died before its completion in 1864. Designed to carry light horse-drawn traffic and foot passengers, these days the bridge carries around 12,000 cars every day – testament to the vision of Brunel's design. It's free to walk or cycle across; car drivers pay a £1 toll. There's an information point near the tower on the Leigh Woods side. Free tours take place at 3pm on Saturdays and Sundays from Easter to October. The DownsPARK ( c #) Near the Clifton Suspension Bridge, the grassy parks of Clifton Down and Durdham Down (often referred to as just the Downs) make a fine spot for a picnic. Nearby, the small Clifton Observatory ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-974 1242; Clifton Down; adult/child £2/1; h11.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, from 10.30am Sat & Sun) houses a camera obscura ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-974 1242; adult/child £2/1; h10.30am-5.30pm) and a tunnel leading down to the Giant's Cave (adult/child £1.50/50p), a natural cavern that emerges halfway down the cliff with dizzying views across the Avon Gorge. At the time of writing, the observatory was up for sale for a cool £2 million – so things may have changed by the time you visit. Ring ahead to check. Bristol Zoo GardensZOO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-974 7399; www.bristolzoo.org.uk; adult/child £14.50/8.86; h9am-5.30pm; p c) The city's award-winning zoo occupies a huge site in Clifton. Highlights include a brand-new £1 million house for the zoo's family of seven gorillas, as well as reptile and bug zones, a butterfly forest, a lion enclosure, a monkey jungle and the **Zooropia** (adult/child £8/7) treetop adventure park. There's a 10% discount for online tickets. To get there from the city centre, catch bus 15A or 8/9. Blaise Castle House MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Henbury Rd; h10am-5pm Wed-Sat) F In the northern suburb of Henbury is this late-18th-century house and social-history museum. Displays include vintage toys, costumes and other Victorian ephemera. Bus 42/42A (45 minutes, every 15 minutes) passes the castle from Colston Ave; bus 1 (20 minutes, every 10 minutes) runs from the station and St Augustine's Pde. ### BANKSY If there's one Bristolian nearly everyone has heard of, it's **Banksy** (www.banksy.co.uk) – the guerrilla street artist whose distinctive stencilled style and provocative artworks have earned him worldwide notoriety. Though his true identity is a secret, it's believed Banksy was born in 1974 in Yate, 12 miles from Bristol, and honed his artistic skills in a local graffiti outfit. His works take a wry view of 21st-century culture – especially capitalism, consumerism and the cult of celebrity. Among his best-known pieces are the production of spoof banknotes (featuring Princess Diana's head instead of the Queen's), a series of murals on Israel's West Bank barrier (depicting people digging holes and climbing ladders over the wall) and a painting of a caveman pushing a shopping trolley at the British Museum (which the museum promptly claimed for its permanent collection). His documentary _Exit Through The Gift Shop,_ about an LA street artist, was nominated for an Oscar in 2011. Long despised by the authorities, Banksy has become an unlikely tourist magnet. Though many of his works are short-lived, a few still survive around the city. Look out for the Well Hung Lover ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Frogmore St) on Frogmore St, featuring an angry husband, a two-timing wife, and a naked man dangling from a window; a stencil of the **Grim Reaper** on the side of the Thekla; the **Paint-Pot Angel** outside the Bristol Museum & Art Gallery, a reminder of the artist's hugely popular 2009 exhibition there; and **Mild Mild West** (featuring a Molotov cocktail–wielding teddy bear) on Cheltenham Rd. Banksy hit the headlines again in 2014 when one of his murals unexpectedly appeared on a wooden panel outside the Broad Plain Boys' Club in April 2014. Known as _Mobile Lovers_ , the mural depicted a young couple who appear to be embracing but are actually staring into their phones. Predictably enough, a furore over ownership ensued, but the artist made it clear that he had painted the mural as a gift to the boys' club, which he is thought to have attended as a young man. After a few months on display at the Bristol City Museum, the work was sold for £400,000 to a private collector in August 2014, with all the proceeds going to fund the boys' club's ongoing projects. Good on ya, Banksy. TTours Bristol Highlights WalkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bristolwalks.co.uk; adult/under 12yr £5/free; h11am Sat Apr-Sep) Tours of the old town, city centre and Harbourside. It's run every Saturday at 11am; just turn up outside the tourist office. Themed tours exploring Clifton, medieval Bristol and the history of Bristol's slave and wine trades run on request. MP3 ToursWALKING TOUR (www.visitbristol.co.uk/about-bristol/video-and-audio/audio-tours) F Free downloadable MP3 guides covering Bristol's quayside, the slave trade, heritage architecture, historic churches and the city's literary connections. Bristol Packet Boat TripsBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-926 8157; www.bristolpacket.co.uk; Wapping Wharf, Gas Ferry Rd; h11am-4.15pm Sat & Sun) This boat company cruises around the harbour area (adult/child £5.75/3.75, departures every 45 minutes on weekends, daily during school holidays). There are also weekly cruises along the Avon from May to October (adult/child £16/12) and a Sunday afternoon trip to Beese's Tea Gardens (£11/7). Cruises to Bath (£26.50/20) run once a month from May to September. Cycle The CityCYCLING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07873-387167; www.cyclethecity.org; 1 Canon's Rd; bike hire per day £16; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Bike rental and cycling tours from Bristol's waterfront. It's based at No 1 Harbourside. zFestivals & Events Bristol Shakespeare FestivalTHEATRE (www.bristolshakespeare.org.uk) Britain's biggest outdoor festival devoted to the Bard, held between May and September. Bristol Harbour FestivalCOMMUNITY FESTIVAL (www.bristolharbourfestival.co.uk) Bands, events and historic ships take over the city's docks for a weekend in July. International Balloon FiestaHOT-AIR BALLOONS (www.bristolballoonfiesta.co.uk) Hot-air balloons fill the skies at Ashton Court in August. EncountersFILM FESTIVAL (www.encounters-festival.org.uk) Bristol's largest film fest is in November. 4Sleeping Bristol's hotels are geared towards the business crowd, but there are some great-value chains and B&Bs dotted around the city centre. Bristol YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9726; bristol@yha.org.uk; 14 Narrow Quay; dm £13-22, d from £70; i) Few hostels can boast a position as good as this one, beside the river in a red-brick warehouse. Facilities include kitchens, cycle store, games room and the excellent Grainshed **coffee lounge** – but the dorms are functional, and the doubles are expensive. Brooks Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-930 0066; www.brooksguesthousebristol.com; Exchange Ave; d £85-120; W) If you want to be in the heart of things, this brilliantly central B&B is a fine bet. It's in a modern building opposite St Nick's Market. Rooms are boxy, but pleasantly finished with flock wallpaper, John Lewis bed linen and Hansgröhe power showers. Discounted parking is available for £14 a day at the nearby Queen Charlotte St car park. Future Inn Cabot CircusHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 094 5588; www.futureinns.co.uk/bristol-hotels; Bond St South; d £59-99; p W) This hotel mini-chain has outlets in Plymouth, Cardiff and Bristol. It's modern and businessy, but the rooms are the best value in town, simply decorated in beige, white and MDF. Prices include parking at the Cabot Circus car park. Mercure Brigstow HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 1030; H6548@accor.com; Welsh Back; d £63-125; W) A harbourside location and attractive modern design make the Mercure a good, central option. All rooms boast 'floating' beds, curved panel walls and tiny TVs set into bathroom tiles (gimmicky, yes, but fun). Upper rooms have great city views. Premier Inn, King StHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 527 8158; www.premiertravelinn.com; King St; r £59-89; a W) Yes, we realise this is a Premier Inn, but stop being snobby and just appreciate the cheap rates and riverside location. Rooms have big beds, desk and wi-fi, and some even have glimpses of the harbour. Worth considering – although the Llandoger Trow pub next door gets rowdy at weekends. Discounted parking is available at the NCP on Queen Charlotte St. GreenhouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-902 9166; www.thegreenhousebristol.co.uk; 61 Greenbank Rd, Southville; s/d £70/105; p W) S No bells and whistles here – just a lovely, friendly, quiet B&B in Southville, a few minutes' stride to the river and the centre. Cream rooms, white sheets and an excellent organic breakfast make it worth considering. Free parking's an extra bonus. oNumber 38B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-946 6905; www.number38clifton.com; 38 Upper Belgrave Rd, Clifton; d £135-210; p W) Perched on the edge of the Downs, this upmarket B&B is the choice for the style-conscious. The rooms are huge and contemporary – sombre greys and smooth blues dictate the palette, luxury is provided by waffle bathrobes and REN bath goodies, and city views unfold from the roof terrace. The two suites have old-fashioned tin baths. Hotel du VinHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-925 5577; www.hotelduvin.com; Narrow Lewins Mead; r £139-254; p W) This luxury British hotel brand is a fave with well-heeled city-breakers. Their Bristol outpost occupies an old sugar warehouse, and mixes industrial chic and sleek minimalism: exposed brick and iron pillars meet futon beds and clawfoot baths. The rooms are named after vintage champagnes; the best are the split-level mezzanine suites. The **bistro** is great, too. 5Eating Bristol's lively food scene takes in everything from ethnic restaurants to wholefood cafes. For a quick lunch, local tips include Boston Tea Party ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bostonteaparty.co.uk; Park St; sandwiches & salads £4-6) and Bagel Boy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-922 0417; 39-41 St Nicholas St; bagels £3-5; h9.30am-5.30pm). CanteenCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-923 2017; www.canteenbristol.co.uk; 80 Stokes Croft; mains £4-10; h10am-10pm) S Occupying the ground floor of an old office block in gritty Stokes Croft, this community-run cafe sums up Bristol's alternative character: it's all about slow food, local suppliers and fair prices, whether you pop in for a bacon butty, veggie chilli or sit-down supper. There's regular live music, and artists' studios to explore. St Nicholas MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Corn St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) The city's lively street market has a bevy of food stalls selling everything from mezze platters to pulled-pork rolls from BBQ specialists **Grillstock**. Lines can be long at lunchtime, but it's worth the wait. Look out for **farmers markets** on Wednesdays and a **slow-food market** on the first Sunday of each month. Thali CaféINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-974 3793; www.thethalicafe.co.uk; 1 Regent St; meals £5.95-10.95; hnoon-10pm) This long-standing Indian canteen now has four outlets, including this one in Clifton. It specialises in thalis (multicourse Indian meals), showcasing different curry styles from across India. You can even get takeaway in a reusable tiffin tin. GallimaufryBRITISH ( %0117-942 7319; www.thegallimaufry.co.uk; 26-28 The Promenade; lunch mains £5.50-7, dinner £11.50-13.50; h11am-midnight) The definition of a locals' cafe, favoured by Gloucester Rd's cool crowd. All the elements are there – up-cycled furniture, quirky artworks, scruffy decor – along with a dedication to Bristolian suppliers. The food covers all bases, from quick 'Gallimouthfuls' to plates of pork belly and champ mash. PieministerPIES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 24 Stokes Croft; pies around £4.50; h10am-7pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) A Bristol institution: gourmet pies with quirky names (Chicken of Aragon, Deerstalker, Moo and Blue), all drowned in lashings of gravy (meat-free if you wish). The main shop is on Stokes Croft, but there's an outlet in St Nick's market. Olive ShedBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 1960; www.theoliveshed.com; Princes Wharf; mains £4-8; h6.30-10pm Wed, noon-10pm Thu-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) A good spot for a harbourside lunch, especially after a visit to the SS _Great Britain_ or the M Shed. It serves tapas and Med food, with tables on the quayside. oRiverstationBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-914 4434; www.riverstation.co.uk; The Grove; 2-/3-course lunch £12.75/15.50, dinner mains £15.50-19.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-10pm) One of Bristol's original dining-out destinations, and still leading the pack. The riverside location is hard to beat, with a view over the Floating Harbour, but it's the food that keeps the punters coming back: classic in style with a strong European flavour, from French fish soup to steak _à la béarnaise_. The **bar+kitchen** downstairs is open all day for coffee and cakes. OxBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-922 1001; www.theoxbristol.com; 43 Corn St; dinner mains £12.50-16; h12.30-2.30pm Thu & Fri, 5-10.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) This new addition to Corn St offers a refined dining experience. Located in a basement bank vault, it now resembles a posh Pullman dining car, with wood panelling, a mahogany bar and Pre-Raphaelite murals. As its name suggests, it's for the carnivores – charcuterie platters, gourmet burgers and five choices of steak cut. FishersSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-974 7044; www.fishers-restaurant.com; 35 Princess Victoria St; mains £11.95-15.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-10pm) Top choice for a fish supper, from baked bream to megrim sole; the hot shellfish platter (£43 for two people) is made for sharing. The simple setting, with its whitewashed walls, ships' lanterns and nautical knick-knacks, contributes to the maritime vibe. CowshedBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-973 3550; www.thecowshedbristol.com; 46 Whiteladies Rd; 3-course lunch £10, dinner mains £12.95-21.50; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm) Country food with a modern twist is served at the Cowshed. The focus is on quality, locally sourced meat – aged beef, wild rabbit, pork belly, plus the _pièce de la résistance_ 'steak on stone', served sizzling on a hot lava rock. The three-course lunch and sharing boards (£15.30 to £18.50 for four people) are great value. Primrose CaféBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-946 6577; www.primrosecafe.co.uk; 1-2 Boyce's Ave; lunch mains £6-12, dinner £13.50-18.50; h9am-5pm & 6-10pm Tue-Sat, 9.30am-3pm Sun, 9am-5pm Mon) A Clifton classic, as perfect for morning coffee as for a proper sit-down dinner. With its pavement tables and wooden interior, it feels like a Bristolian version of a Parisian street cafe. It's particularly choice for breakfast: the _croque monsieurs_ and Belgian waffles are legendary. GlassboatFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 0704; www.glassboat.co.uk; Welsh Back; 2-/3-course lunch menu £10/12, dinner mains £15-22; h8-11am, noon-5pm & 5.30-10pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) This converted river barge is great for a romantic dinner, with candlelit tables and harbour views through a glass extension. The food revolves around French and Italian flavours. SoukitchenMIDDLE EASTERN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-966 6880; www.soukkitchen.co.uk; 277 North St; mains £9.50-12.50; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm) Middle Eastern market food is the stock in trade at this friendly diner in Southville, with characteristic dishes such as _bourek_ (filo pies stuffed with meat or vegetables), mix-and-match mezze platters and flame-grilled kebabs. Honest food with heart. Maitreya SocialVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-951 0100; www.cafemaitreya.co.uk; 89 St Marks Rd; mains £8.95-10.95; h10am-11.30pm Tue-Sat, to 4pm Sun; v) This Easton eatery has won awards for its innovative veggie food, and it's recently branched out with a funky new arts-space-cum-music-venue. 6Drinking & Nightlife Grain BargePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.grainbarge.com; Mardyke Wharf, Hotwell Rd; hnoon-11pm Sun-Thu, to 11.30pm Fri & Sat) Built in 1936, this barge opposite the SS _Great Britain_ is owned by the Bristol Beer Factory. Descend the decks to down a pint of No. 7 Bitter or dark Exhibition ale. Highbury VaultsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 164 St Michaels Hill; hnoon-midnight Mon-Sat, to 11pm Sun) This endearingly scruffy boozer has a warren of wood-panelled rooms and hallways, and at least eight real ales on tap. AlbionPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thealbionclifton.co.uk; Boyce's Ave; h9am-midnight Mon-Sat, to 11pm Sun) Lovely old-fashioned pub that's popular with evening drinkers from Clifton's well-heeled streets. BrewDog BristolPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brewdog.com/bars/bristol; 58 Baldwin Street; hnoon-midnight) Britain's punk brewery has a new Bristol outlet, serving craft beers such as Libertine Black Ale, Dead Pony Club and Hardcore IPA. AppleBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.applecider.co.uk; Welsh Back; h noon-midnight Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun summer, 5pm-midnight Mon-Sat winter ) Forty varieties of cider are served on this converted barge, including raspberry, strawberry and six perries (pear ciders). TheklaCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thekla.co.uk; The Grove) Bristol's club-boat has nights for all moods: electro-punk, indie, disco and new wave, plus regular live gigs. #### DON'T MISS ### TYNTESFIELD TyntesfieldHISTORIC SITE (NT; %01275-461900; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/tyntesfield; adult/child £13.90/7, gardens only £8.55/4.30; hhouse 11am-5pm Fri-Wed, grounds 10am-6pm) Formerly the aristocratic home of the Gibbs family, Tyntesfield is one of the National Trust's most important acquisitions of recent years. A fairy-tale mansion bristling with pinnacles and turrets, brimful of sweeping staircases and cavernous, antique-filled rooms, the house gives an insight into the lavish lives once enjoyed by England's aristocratic families. Entry is via timed ticket and includes a guided tour. The house is 7 miles southwest of Bristol, off the B3128. Built in grand Gothic Revival style by the architect John Norton, it was in danger of collapse when the Trust acquired it in 2001, but has since undergone extensive (and very expensive) renovations. Outside, work continues on the orangery and walled gardens. 3Entertainment WatershedCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.watershed.co.uk; 1 Canon's Rd) Bristol's digital media centre hosts regular art-house programs and film-related events, including the **Encounters Festival** in November. Bristol Old VicTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bristololdvic.org.uk; 103 The Cut) Bristol's stately theatre (one of England's oldest) hosts big touring productions in its ornate auditorium, plus more experimental work in its smaller studio. Colston HallLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.colstonhall.org; Colston St) Bristol's historic concert hall tends to attract the best bands and big-name comedy acts. FleeceLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fleecegigs.co.uk; St Thomas St) A gig-pub favoured by indie artists. 7Shopping Bristol is good for shopping, but you'll need to get out of the centre if you want to avoid the high street chains, which cluster around Cabot Circus ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cabotcircus.com) and **Broadmead**. Stokes Croft and Gloucester Rd are the best areas for independent shops, especially vintage clothing, crafts and secondhand music. Clifton is more upmarket, with high-end designers, homewares and antiques shops. Rise MusicMUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-929 7511; bristol@rise-music.co.uk; 70 Queens Rd; h10am-7pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun) Bristol's top independent record shop, with racks of CDs and vinyl, and a coffee bar downstairs. Dig HaüshizzleVINTAGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07789 145 175; www.dig-haushizzle.co.uk; 51 Colston St; h11am-6pm Mon-Fri, 10am-6pm Sat, noon-4pm Sun) Vintage furniture and retro design pieces, from pine chests to apothecary jars. LootCLOTHING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-922 0633; facebook.com/LOOTvintagewarehouse; 6-9 Haymarket Walk; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) The city's largest vintage clothing shop. 8Information Bristol Tourist Information CentreTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0906 711 2191; www.visitbristol.co.uk; E-Shed, 1 Canons Rd; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Calling the phone number costs the premium rate of 50p per minute. ### DRIVING IN BRISTOL Heavy traffic and pricey parking make driving in Bristol a headache. If you do drive, make sure your hotel has parking, or use the Park & Ride buses ( %01179-222910; return before 10am Mon-Fri £3.50, after 10am Mon-Fri £2.50, Sat £2.50; hevery 10min Mon-Sat) from Portway, Bath Rd and Long Ashton. Note that overnight parking is not permitted at the Park & Ride car parks. 8Getting There & Away The **Travel Bristol** (www.travelbristol.org) website lists comprehensive information on public transport in and around Bristol city. Air Bristol International AirportAIRPORT ( %0871-3344344; www.bristolairport.co.uk) Bristol's airport is 8 miles southwest of the city. Destinations include UK airports such as Newcastle, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen (mainly handled by Ryanair and EasyJet) as well as direct flights to cities in Ireland and mainland Europe. On-the-day parking at the airport is expensive; booking online in advance gets much cheaper rates. Bus National Express coaches go to Birmingham (£21.30, two hours, six to eight daily), London (£18.90, 2½ hours, hourly), Cardiff (£6, 1¼ hours, every two hours) and Exeter (£15, two hours, five daily). Useful local buses: A **Bath** (£5.50, 50 minutes, several per hour) Express bus X39/339. A **Wells** (£5.50, one hour, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday) Bus 376, with onward connections to Glastonbury (£5.50, 1¼ hours). Train Bristol is an important rail hub, with regular services to London Paddington provided by **First Great Western** (www.firstgreatwestern.co.uk) and services to northern England and Scotland mainly covered by **CrossCountry**. (www.cross countrytrains.co.uk). Book in advance for cheaper tickets than those listed here. **Destination** | **One-Way Fare** **(£)** | **Duration (hr)** | **Frequency** ---|---|---|--- Birmingham | 51.50 | 1½ | hourly Edinburgh | 163.10 | 6½ | hourly Exeter | 26.90 | 1 | hourly Glasgow | 148 | 6½ | hourly London | 42 | 1¾ | hourly Penzance | 45 | 5½ | hourly Truro | 45 | 5 | hourly Bristol is an important rail hub, with regular services to London Paddington provided by **First Great Western** (www.firstgreatwestern.co.uk) and services to northern England and Scotland mainly covered by **CrossCountry** (www.cross countrytrains.co.uk). Book in advance for cheaper tickets than those listed here. A **Birmingham** (£51.50, 1½ hours, hourly) A **Edinburgh** (£163.10, 6½ hours, hourly) A **Exeter** (£26.90, one hour, hourly) A **Glasgow** (£148, 6½ hours, hourly) A **London** (£42, 1¾ hours, hourly) A **Penzance** (£45, 5½ hours, hourly) A **Truro** (£45, five hours, hourly) 8Getting Around To/From the Airport Bristol Airport FlyerBUS (http://flyer.bristol airport.co.uk) Runs shuttle buses (one way/return £7/11, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes at peak times) from the bus station and Temple Meads. Checker CarsTAXI ( %01275-475000; www.checkercars.com) Bristol Airport's official taxi service. Fares start from around £25 to £30 from the city centre. Bicycle Bristol Bike ProjectBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07983-417231; www.thebristolbikeproject.org; City Rd; bike hire per day Mon-Fri £12, Sat & Sun £25; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri) A community-run bike shop and rental outlet in Stokes Croft. Roll for the SoulCYCLING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07596-917963; www.rollforthesoul.org; 2 Quay St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5.30pm Sat) Not-for-profit bike cafe and bike workshop – great for meeting like-minded cycling buddies. Boat Bristol Ferry Boat CompanyFERRY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0117-927 3416; www.bristolferry.com; adult/child return £4.80/3.80, day pass £6/5) Regular ferry service around the harbour. There are two hourly routes: the red route runs west towards Hotwells, with stops including Millennium Sq and the SS _Great Britain;_ the blue route runs east to Temple Meads, with stops including Castle Park (for Cabot Circus), Welsh Back, Millennium Sq and the SS _Great Britain_. Boats leave from the dock near the tourist office. Bus Bus journeys in Bristol's city centre cost £1 for up to three stops, otherwise they cost £1.50. A **Bus 8/9** to Clifton (10 minutes), Whiteladies Rd and Bristol Zoo Gardens every 15 minutes from St Augustine's Pde. Add 10 minutes from Temple Meads. A **Bus 73** Runs from Parkway Station to the centre (30 minutes). Taxi You can usually find a cab at the taxi rank on St Augustine's Pde, but there are plenty of dial-a-fares: try Streamline Taxis ( %0117-926 4001) or 1st Call Taxi ( %0117 955 8880; www.1stcalltaxis.net). If you're taking a non-metered cab, agree on the fare in advance. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### BRISTOL & BATH RAILWAY PATH This bike trail (www.bristolbathrailwaypath.org.uk) between Bristol and Bath is a delightful way to explore the countryside between the two cities. It runs for 13 miles along an old railway track that was decommissioned during Beeching's cuts in the 1950s, and passes several interesting sights, including disused mills and a delightful old station at Bitton (now part of the restored Avon Valley Railway). It also links up with other bike trails including the **Dramway Path** (www.southglos.gov.uk/Documents/The%20Dramway.pdf) and the **River Avon Trail** (www.riveravontrail.org.uk). The official starts of the path are at St Phillips Lane in Bristol and Brassmill Lane in Bath, but you can access it at various points along the route. For bike hire, see (Click here) and (Click here). ## Bath Pop 90,144 Britain's littered with beautiful cities, but precious few compare to Bath. Home to some of the nation's grandest Georgian architecture – not to mention one of the world's best-preserved Roman bathhouses – this slinky, sophisticated, snooty city has been a tourist draw for nigh-on 2000 years. Founded on top of natural hot springs, Bath's heyday really began during the 18th century, when local entrepreneur Ralph Allen and his team of father-and-son architects, John Wood the Elder and Younger, turned this sleepy backwater into the toast of Georgian society, and constructed fabulous landmarks such as the Circus and Royal Crescent. ### MUSEUM DISCOUNTS If you're spending time exploring Bath and Somerset, pick up a Bath Visitor Card (http://visitbath.co.uk/special-offers/bath-visitor-card; £3) from the tourist office, which gives discounts at museums and attractions as well as several restaurants and shops. Alternatively, **joint tickets** covering the Roman Baths and the Fashion Museum cost adult/child/family £17/10.25/48. There's also a joint ticket covering the Fashion Museum and No 1 Royal Crescent for £13/7.50/32; as long as you hold on to your first ticket, you can 'top-up' if you decide to visit the second museum later. History Legend has it King Bladud, a Trojan refugee and father of King Lear, founded Bath some 2800 years ago when his pigs were cured of leprosy by a dip in the muddy swamps. The Romans established the town of Aquae Sulis in AD 44 and built the extensive baths complex and a temple to the goddess Sulis-Minerva. Long after the Romans decamped, the Anglo-Saxons arrived, and in 944 a monastery was founded on the site of the present abbey. Throughout the Middle Ages, Bath was an ecclesiastical centre and a wool-trading town, but it wasn't until the early 18th century that Ralph Allen and the celebrated dandy Richard 'Beau' Nash made Bath the centre of fashionable society. Allen developed the quarries at Coombe Down, constructed Prior Park and employed the two John Woods (father and son) to create Bath's signature buildings. During WWII, Bath was hit by the Luftwaffe during the so-called Baedeker raids, which targeted historic cities in an effort to sap British morale. Several houses on the Royal Crescent and the Circus were badly damaged, and the city's Assembly Rooms were gutted by fire, although all have since been restored. In 1987, Bath became the only city in Britain to be declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in its entirety, leading to many subsequent wrangles over construction and development, most recently concerning the design of the redeveloped Thermae Bath Spa and SouthGate shopping centre. Bath 1Top Sights 1Bath AbbeyD4 2Roman BathsD4 3Royal CrescentA1 1Sights 4Bath Assembly RoomsC2 5Building of Bath MuseumC2 Fashion MuseumC2 6Georgian GardenB2 7Grand Pump RoomC4 8Herschel Museum of AstronomyB3 9Jane Austen CentreC3 10No 1 Royal CrescentB2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 11Bizarre Bath Comedy WalkD4 12Jane Austen's BathD4 13Thermae Bath SpaC4 4Sleeping 14139 BathA6 15Grays Boutique B&BA6 16HalcyonD4 17Haringtons HotelC3 18HenryD4 19Hill House BathC1 20Queensberry HotelC2 21Three Abbey GreenD4 5Eating 22AlliumD4 23Bertinet BakeryC3 24Café RetroD4 25ChequersB1 26CircusB2 27Green Park StationB4 28Hudson SteakhouseD1 29Marlborough TavernA1 30Sally Lunn'sD4 31Sam's Kitchen DeliC2 32Sotto SottoD4 33Tasting RoomC3 Thoughtful Bread CompanyB4 34Yen SushiC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 35Colonna & SmallsB3 36Door 34C4 37SalamanderC3 38Same Same But DifferentC2 39Star InnC1 3Entertainment 40KomediaC4 41Little Theatre CinemaC4 42MolesC2 43Theatre RoyalC4 7Shopping 44SouthGateD5 1Sights oRoman BathsMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-477785; www.romanbaths.co.uk; Abbey Churchyard; adult/child/family £13.50/8.80/38; h9am-6pm, to 9pm Jul & Aug) In typically ostentatious style, the Romans constructed a complex of bathhouses above Bath's three natural hot springs, which emerge at a steady 46°C (115°F). Situated alongside a temple dedicated to the healing goddess Sulis Minerva, the baths now form one of the best-preserved ancient Roman spas in the world, encircled by 18th- and 19th-century buildings. As Bath's premier attraction, the Roman Baths can get very, very busy. Avoid the worst crowds by buying tickets online, visiting early on a midweek morning, and avoiding July and August. The heart of the complex is the **Great Bath** , a lead-lined pool filled with steaming, geothermally heated water from the so-called 'Sacred Spring' to a depth of 1.6m. Though now open-air, the bath would originally have been covered by a 45m-high, barrel-vaulted roof. More bathing pools and changing rooms are situated to the east and west, with excavated sections revealing the **hypocaust system** that heated the bathing rooms. After luxuriating in the baths, Romans would have reinvigorated themselves with a dip in the circular **cold-water pool** , which now has life-size films of bathers projected onto the walls. The **King's Bath** was added sometime during the 12th century around the site of the original sacred spring. Every day, 1.5 million litres of hot water still pour into the pool. Beneath the Pump Room are the remains of the **Temple of Sulis-Minerva**. There is also a fascinating **museum** displaying artefacts discovered on the site. Look out for the famous gilded bronze head of Minerva and a striking carved Gorgon's Head, as well as some of the 12,000-odd Roman coins thrown into the spring as votive offerings to the Goddess. The complex of buildings around the baths were built in stages during the 18th and 19th centuries. The two John Woods designed the buildings around the Sacred Spring, while the famous Pump Room ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Stall St) was built by their contemporaries, Thomas Baldwin and John Palmer, in neoclassical style, complete with soaring Ionic and Corinthian columns. The building now houses a restaurant which serves a magnificent afternoon tea (£21, or £27.50 with champagne). Should you wish, you can also sample the spring waters, which were believed in Victorian times to have curative properties. If you're lucky, you might even have music provided by the Pump Room's string trio. Admission includes an audioguide, featuring a commentary in eight languages. The one in English is read by bestselling author Bill Bryson. Free hourly guided tours start at the Great Bath. oBath AbbeyCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-422462; www.bathabbey.org; requested donation £2.50; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 1-2.30pm & 4.30-5.30pm Sun) Looming above the city centre, Bath's huge abbey church was built between 1499 and 1616, making it the last great medieval church raised in England. Its most striking feature is the west facade, where angels climb up and down stone ladders, commemorating a dream of the founder, Bishop Oliver King. Tower tours (towertours@bathabbey.org; adult/child £6/3; h11am-5pm Apr-Aug, to 4pm Sep-Oct, to 3pm Dec-Mar) leave on the hour from Monday to Friday, or every half-hour on Saturdays, but don't run on Sundays. Unfortunately, there's no way out of the 212 steps to the top, but the view's worth the slog. If you're feeling really romantic, you can also book a private tour for two. On the abbey's southern side, the small **Vaults Heritage Museum** explores the abbey's history. Among those buried here are Sir Isaac Pitman (who devised Pitman shorthand) and the celebrated bon viveur Beau Nash. Jane Austen CentreMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-443000; www.janeausten.co.uk; 40 Gay St; adult/child £8/4.50; h9.45am-5.30pm) Bath is known to many as a location in Jane Austen's novels, including _Persuasion_ and _Northanger_ _Abbey_. Though Austen only lived in Bath for five years from 1801 to 1806, she remained a regular visitor, and a keen student of the city's social scene. This museum houses memorabilia relating to the writer's life in Bath, and there's a Regency tearoom which serves crumpets and cream teas in suitably frilly surroundings. Herschel Museum of AstronomyMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-446865; www.herschelmuseum.org.uk; 19 New King St; adult/child £6/3; h1-5pm Mon-Fri, 11am-5pm Sat & Sun) In 1781 astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus from the garden of his home, now converted into a museum. The house is little changed since the 18th century; an astrolabe in the garden marks the position of Herschel's telescope. oRoyal CrescentHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Bath is justifiably celebrated for its glorious Georgian architecture, and it doesn't get any grander than on Royal Crescent, a semicircular terrace of majestic town houses overlooking the green sweep of Royal Victoria Park. Designed by John Wood the Younger (1728–82) and built between 1767 and 1775, the houses appear perfectly symmetrical from the outside, but the owners were allowed to tweak the interiors to their own specifications; consequently no two houses on the Crescent are quite the same. A walk east along Brock St from the Royal Crescent leads to the **Circus** , a ring of 33 houses divided into three semi-circular terraces. Plaques on the houses commemorate famous residents such as Thomas Gainsborough, Clive of India and David Livingstone. The terrace was designed by John Wood the Elder, but he died in 1754, and the terrace was completed by his son in 1768. To the south along Gravel Walk is the Georgian Garden ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), restored to resemble a typical 18th-century town-house garden. No 1 Royal CrescentHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-428126; www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk; 1 Royal Cres; adult/child/family £8.50/3.50/17; h10.30am-5pm Tue-Sun late Feb–mid-Dec) For a glimpse into the splendour and razzle-dazzle of Georgian life, head for the beautifully restored house at No 1 Royal Crescent, given to the city by the shipping magnate Major Bernard Cayzer, and since restored using only 18th-century materials. Among the rooms on display are the drawing room, several bedrooms and the huge kitchen, complete with massive hearth, roasting spit and mousetraps. Costumed guides provide historical background. Bath Assembly RoomsHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-bathassembly rooms; 19 Bennett St; adult/child £2.50/free; h10.30am-6pm) Opened in 1771, the city's glorious Assembly Rooms were where fashionable Bath socialites once gathered to waltz, play cards and listen to the latest chamber music. Rooms open to the public include the card room, tearoom and ballroom, all lit by their original 18th-century chandeliers. It's free to enter if you already have a ticket to the Fashion Museum. Fashion MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-477282; www.fashionmuseum.co.uk; Assembly Rooms, Bennett St; adult/child £8/6; h10.30am-5pm) In the basement of the Assembly Rooms, this museum contains costumes worn from the 16th to late-20th centuries. Exhibitions are changed annually, so check the website for the latest. Building of Bath MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-333895; www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk; The Vineyards, The Paragon; adult/child £5/2.50; h2-5pm Tue-Fri, 10.30am-5pm Sat & Sun mid-Feb–Nov) This museum explores the story of Bath's architecture, with antique tools, displays on Georgian construction methods and a 1:500 scale model of Bath. Holburne MuseumGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-388569; www.holburne.org; Great Pulteney St; h10am-5pm) F Sir William Holburne, the 18th-century aristocrat and art fanatic, amassed a huge collection which now forms the core of the Holburne Museum, in a lavish mansion at the end of Great Pulteney St. Fresh from a three-year refit, the museum houses a roll-call of works by artists including Turner, Stubbs, William Hoare and Thomas Gainsborough, as well as 18th-century majollica and porcelain. Temporary exhibitions incur a fee. Beckford's TowerHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.beckfordstower.org.uk; adult/child £4/1.50; h10.30am-5pm Sat & Sun Mar-Oct) Built as a study and library for the aristocrat William Beckford in 1827, this 39m neoclassical tower is worth visiting for its eye-popping panoramic view over Bath. A spiral staircase leads to the top-floor **Belvedere** , while a small collection of paintings and artefacts explores Beckford's eccentric life. The tower is about 2 miles north of the Royal Crescent along Lansdown Rd. American Museum in BritainMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-460503; www.americanmuseum.org; Claverton Manor; adult/child £9/5; hnoon-5pm) Britain's largest collection of American folk art, including First Nations textiles, patchwork quilts and historic maps, is housed in a fine mansion a couple of miles from the city centre. Several rooms have been decorated to resemble a 17th-century Puritan house, an 18th-century tavern and a New Orleans boudoir c 1860. Catch bus 18/418/U18 from the bus station. #### WORTH A TRIP ### PRIOR PARK Prior ParkGARDENS (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-833422; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/priorpark; Ralph Allen Dr; adult/child £6/3.30; h10am-5.30pm Feb-Nov) Partly designed by the landscape architect Capability Brown, the grounds of this 18th-century estate on Bath's southern fringe feature cascading lakes and a graceful **Palladian bridge** , one of only four such structures in the world (look out for the period graffiti, some of which dates back to the 1800s). The park is a mile south of Bath's centre. Bus 2 (every 10 minutes) stops nearby, as does the Bath City Sightseeing's 'City Skyline' tour. It was built by the entrepreneur Ralph Allen, who made his fortune founding Britain's first postal service, and owned many of the local quarries from which the city's amber-coloured Bath stone was mined. The house itself is now occupied by a private school, but there are several lovely pathways around the estate, including the **Bath Skyline** , a 6-mile circular trail offering truly inspirational views. 2Activities Various cruise operators offer boat trips up and down the River Avon from Pulteney Bridge, including Pulteney Cruisers ( %01225-312900; www.bathboating.com; adult/child £8/4), the Pulteney Princess ( %07791-910650; www.pulteneyprincess.co.uk; adult/child £8/4) and Bath City Boat Trips ( %07974-560197; www.bathcityboattrips.com; adult/child £8/4). There's not much difference between the tours; most last around an hour. Depending on the season, there's at least one boat an hour, or more during peak holiday times. oThermae Bath SpaSPA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844-888 0844; www.thermaebathspa.com; Bath St; h9am-10pm, last entry 7.30pm) Taking a dip in the Roman Baths might be off limits, but you can still sample the city's curative waters at this fantastic modern spa complex, housed in a shell of local stone and plate glass. Tickets include steam rooms, waterfall showers and a choice of two swimming pools. The showpiece attraction is the open-air rooftop pool, where you can bathe with a backdrop of Bath's cityscape – a mustn't-miss experience, best appreciated at dusk. Bathwick Boating StationBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-312900; www.bathboating.co.uk; Forrester Rd; 1st hr adult/child £7/3.50, additional hr £4/2; h10am-6pm Easter-Oct) You can pilot your own vessel down the Avon from this Victorian-era boathouse, which rents out traditional skiffs, rowboats and Canadian canoes. It's in the suburb of Bathwick, a 20-minute walk northeast from the city centre. ## 2City Walk Bath's Architecture **Start** Bath Abbey **Finish** Royal Crescent **Length** 1.5 miles, two hours Start this architectural amble at 1Bath Abbey, the city's iconic ecclesiastical edifice, built on the site of an 8th-century chapel. From the abbey square, head south along Stall St for a view of the 19th-century 2Pump Room. Turn left onto York St, and follow it west to 3 **Parade Gardens** , a landscaped Victorian park framed by the River Avon. From here, the Grand Parade leads north; look out for the building on the corner, 4 **The Empire** , built as a luxurious hotel in 1901. At the northern end of the Grand Parade is 5 **Pulteney Bridge** , designed by Robert Adams in 1773, and one of only a handful in the world to be lined with shops (the most famous other example is Florence's Ponte Vecchio). West of the bridge, 6 **Upper Borough Walls** marks the northern extent of medieval Bath; if you look closely, you might spot some sections of the medieval wall that remain. At Saw Close, you'll see the elaborate facade of Bath's 7Theatre Royal, which has been staging productions since 1805. From here, follow Barton St onto 8 **Queen Square** , the oldest of Bath's Georgian squares, built as a showpiece development between 1728 and 1736 to demonstrate the talents of its architect, John Wood the Elder. Turn north onto Gay St, and right onto George St. Next to the Porter pub, an alley leads north, emerging next to the 9Assembly Rooms, the heart of Georgian Bath's social life. Continue to Bennett St and turn left until you reach the a **Circus** , designed to echo the Colosseum in Rome. The three-tiered pillars exhibit the key styles of classical architecture (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian) and the facades are supposedly studded with masonic symbols. From here, Brock St leads west to Bath's Georgian glory, the bRoyal Crescent. Constructed by John Wood the Younger in 1774, the terrace is now Grade-I listed, making it as architecturally significant as Buckingham Palace. The elegant Royal Crescent Hotel is at number 16. TTours Mayor's Guide ToursWALKING TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-477411; www.bathguides.org.uk; h10.30am & 2pm Sun-Fri, 10.30am Sat) F Excellent historical tours provided free by the Mayor's Corp of Honorary guides, leaving from outside the Pump Room. There are extra tours at 7pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays May to September. They cover about 2 miles and are wheelchair accessible. Jane Austen's BathWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-443000; www.janeausten.co.uk/jane-austen-centre-walking-tours; adult/child £12/10; h11am Sat & Sun) A guided tour of the Georgian city, organised by the Jane Austen Centre. The 1½-hour tours leave from the Abbey churchyard. Bizarre Bath Comedy WalkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-335124; www.bizarrebath.co.uk; adult/student £8/5; h8pm Mar-Oct) Daft city tour mixing street theatre and live performance. Leaves from outside the Huntsman Inn on North Parade Passage. Most of the walk is wheelchair accessible. Bath City SightseeingBUS TOUR ( %01225-330444; www.city-sightseeing.com; adult/child £14/8; h9.30am-6.30pm Mar-Nov) Hop-on/hop-off city tour on an open-topped bus, with commentary in seven languages. zFestivals & Events Bath has lots of festivals. All bookings are handled by Bath Festivals ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-463362; www.bathfestivals.org.uk; 2 Church St; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat). Bath Literature FestivalBOOK (www.bathlitfest.org.uk) Major book festival in late February or early March. Bath International Music FestivalMUSIC (www.bathmusicfest.org.uk) Mainly classical and opera, plus smaller gigs of jazz, folk and world. Mid-May to early June. Bath Fringe FestivalTHEATRE (www.bathfringe.co.uk) Major theatre festival around mid-May to early June. 4Sleeping Bath gets very busy in the height of summer, when prices are at a premium. Few hotels have on-site parking, although some offer discounted rates at municipal car parks. Bath YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9303; www.yha.org.uk; Bathwick Hill; dm £13-20, d from £29; hreception 7am-11pm; p i W) Split across an Italianate mansion and a modern annexe, this impressive hostel is a steep climb (or a short hop on bus 18) from the city centre. The listed building means the rooms are huge, and some have period features such as cornicing and bay windows. Grays Boutique B&BB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-403020; www.graysbath.co.uk; Upper Oldfield Park; d £120-195; W) An elegant B&B straight out of an interiors magazine. All the rooms are individual: some with feminine flowers or polka-dot prints, others with maritime stripes, but all simple and stylish (we particularly liked Room Two, with its French bed and bay window). Breakfast is served in the conservatory, with eggs, milk and bacon from local farms. The owners run a smaller but equally smart B&B on the east side of town, Brindleys ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-310444; www.brindleysbath.co.uk; 14 Pulteney Gardens; d £110-185). 139 BathB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-314769; www.139bath.co.uk; 139 Wells Rd; r £125-195; p W) It's a bit out of the centre, but this swish B&B has been thoughtfully designed, with swirly fabrics and supremely comfy beds, plus spoils such as cafetière coffee and spa baths in some rooms. Posh, but perhaps pricey for what you get. Hill House BathB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-920520; www.hillhousebath.co.uk; 25 Belvedere; s £85, d £110-140) This six-room B&B feels like staying with friends. Renovated in 2011, its decor showcases the quirky tastes of its owners – dog-print cushions, retro pictures and objets d'art abound. Breakfast is served buffet style by owner Douglas – ask him to show you the house's wine cellars. On-street parking permits available. HenryB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-424052; www.thehenry.com; 6 Henry St; d £95-125, f £155-165; W) This tall town house has one of the best positions in Bath, literally steps from the centre. Seven rooms and a self-catering apartment are finished in crisp whites and smooth beiges, and offer decent value considering the location, but there's no parking, and the house's architecture means some rooms feel cramped. Two-night minimum stay at weekends. Three Abbey GreenB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-428558; www.threeabbeygreen.com; 3 Abbey Green; d £100-160; W) You literally can't get more central – step out of the front door and you're on the abbey's doorstep. It's on a leafy square, and the house has an old-fashioned, country house feel, with original fireplaces and armchairs; three rooms are named after Jane Austen characters. The suites have adjoining singles, ideal for families. oQueensberry HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-447928; www.thequeensberry.co.uk; 4 Russell St; d £115-225; p W) The quirky Queensberry is Bath's best boutique spoil. Four Georgian town houses have been combined into one seamlessly stylish whole. Some rooms are cosy in gingham checks and country creams, others feature bright upholstery, original fireplaces and free-standing tubs. The Olive Tree Restaurant is excellent, too. Rates exclude breakfast. oHalcyonHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-444100; www.thehalcyon.com; 2/3 South Pde; d £125-145; W) Just what Bath needed: a smart city-centre hotel that doesn't break the bank. Situated on a terrace of town houses off Manvers St, the Halcyon offers style on a budget: uncluttered rooms, contemporary bed linen and Philippe Starck bath fittings. Rooms vary in size and are spread out over three floors – inconvenient as there's no lift. Self-catering apartments (£150 to £300 per night) are also available in a separate building at 15a George St. Haringtons HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-461278; www.haringtonshotel.co.uk; Queen St; d £148-200) Bath's classical trappings aren't to everyone's taste, so things are kept strictly modern at this city-centre crash pad, with searingly bright colour schemes and clashing wallpapers giving it a fun, young vibe. The location is fantastic, but there's no lift and some rooms are shoebox-sized. Off-site parking costs £11. 5Eating Many bakeries and cafes serve the city's famous 'Bath Bun', somewhere between a brioche and a bread, and not to be confused with the London Bath Bun, which is small and sweet. There's a Saturday morning food market at Green Park Station ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Green Park; h8am-1pm), where you can pick up local cheeses, meats and ciders, plus bread from the Thoughtful Bread Company ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thethoughtfulbreadcompany.com; Green Park Railway Station; h9am-6pm Tue-Sat). Sam's Kitchen DeliCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-481159; www.samskitchendeli.co.uk; 61 Walcot St; lunch £8-10; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 10pm every 2nd Fri) Situated on Bath's hippest street, Sam's is a perfect lunch spot, with set dishes (including a daily roast) served from pans on the counter. With its dilapidated piano and reclaimed furniture, it's the epitome of a shabby-chic cafe, and very popular. There are live gigs every other Friday. Bertinet BakeryBAKERY, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bertinet.com/bertinetbakery; 6 New Bond St Pl; h8am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun) Renowned baker Richard Bertinet now has his own cafe in Bath, where you can try his feather-light cakes and French-inspired pastries. He also runs a bakery school off George St. Café RetroCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-339347; 18 York St; mains £5-11; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) A poke in the eye for the corporate coffee chains. The paint job's scruffy, the crockery's ancient and none of the furniture matches, but that's all part of the charm: this is a cafe from the old school, and there's nowhere better for burgers, butties or cake. Takeaways (in biodegradable containers) are available from Retro-to-Go next door. Sally Lunn'sTEAROOM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 4 North Pde Passage; mains £5-15; h10am-9pm) Eating a bun at Sally Lunn's is just one of those things you have to do in Bath. It's all about proper English tea here, brewed in bone-china teapots, with finger sandwiches and dainty cakes served by waitresses in frilly aprons. The trademark Sally Lunn's Bun is the house speciality – but there are heartier plates too, such as Welsh rarebit and 'Trencher' dishes (with the 'bun' acting as plate). oCircusMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-466020; www.thecircuscafeandrestaurant.co.uk; 34 Brock St; mains lunch £8.30-13.50, dinner £16.50-18.50; h10am-10pm Mon-Sat) Chef Ali Golden has turned this bistro into one of Bath's destination addresses. Her taste is for British dishes with a continental twist, à la Elizabeth David: rabbit, guinea-fowl, roast chicken, spring lamb, infused with herby flavours and rich sauces. It occupies the ground floor and basement of a town house near the Circus. Reservations recommended. Tasting RoomTAPAS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-483070; www.tastingroom.co.uk; 6 Green St; 3-course tapas £10; h10am-4.30pm Sun & Mon, 9.30am-11pm Tue-Sat) Plates of tapas and high-class vintages are the _modus operandi_ of this slinky cafe-bar, located above Bath's premier wine merchant. Marlborough TavernGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-423731; www.marlborough-tavern.com; 35 Marlborough Bldgs; lunch £9-13, dinner mains £13.50-21.50; hnoon-11pm) The queen of Bath's gastropubs, with food that's closer to a fine-dining restaurant – think duo of venison and pork tenderloin rather than bog-standard meat-and-two-veg. Chunky wooden tables and racks of wine behind the bar give it an exclusive, classy feel. Sotto SottoITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-330236; www.sottosotto.co.uk; 10a North Pde; pasta £9, mains £13-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-10.30pm) Bath's best Italian, hidden away in a vaulted cellar. Ingredients are shipped in from Italy and everything's just like mamma made, from the classic house lasagne to more unusual options such as veal, grilled swordfish and sea bass in Parma ham. ChequersGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-360017; www.thechequersbar.com; 50 Rivers St; lunch mains £6.95-13.50, dinner £14.50-21.95; hnoon-11pm) A local's favourite, this pub has been in business since 1776, but the menu is bang up-to-date thanks to young chef Leigh Evans. Forget bangers and mash – here it's Bath chorizo and spring onion champ. You'll need to book for Sunday lunch. Yen SushiJAPANESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 11-12 Bartlett St; sushi £4-6; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-10.30pm) Bath's own _kaiten_ (conveyor-belt) restaurant, with colour-coded dishes of nigiri, sushi and sashimi. Hudson SteakhouseSTEAKHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-332323; www.hudsonbars.com; 14 London St; steaks £22-34; h5-10.30pm) Steak, steak and more steak is this place's raison d'être. Tuck into top-quality cuts from porterhouse to prime fillet, all sourced from a Staffordshire farmers' co-op. AlliumMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-805870; www.alliumbrasserie.co.uk; North Pde; 2-/3-course lunch £17.50/23, dinner mains £16.50-21; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-9pm) It's not often you find Michelin-level dining inside a Best Western – but that's what you get at the Abbey Hotel, where renowned chef Chris Staines is in charge. This is serious fine dining, awash with emulsions and purées and foams, blending Asian and European flavours. Menu Gordon JonesMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-480871; www.menugordonjones.co.uk; 2 Wellsway; 5-course lunch £40, 6-course dinner £50; h12.30-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Sat) If you enjoy dining with an element of surprise, then Gordon Jones' restaurant will be right up your culinary boulevard. Menus are dreamt up daily by the chef, and showcase his taste for experimental ingredients (candied citrus, cod tongues, biodynamic wines) and madcap presentation (test tubes, edible cups, slate plates). It's superb value given the skill on show. Reservations essential. 6Drinking & Nightlife oColonna & SmallsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.colonnaandsmalls.co.uk; 6 Chapel Row; h8am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) This is a connoisseur's coffee house. The espressos and cappuccinos are, quite simply, second to none – so if you care about your caffeine, you won't want to miss it. Proper coffee nuts can even take a barista training course. oStar InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.star-inn-bath.co.uk; 23 The Vineyards, off The Paragon; hnoon-11pm) Not many pubs are registered relics, but the Star is – it still has many of its 19th-century bar fittings. It's the brewery tap for Bath-based Abbey Ales; some ales are served in traditional jugs, and you can even ask for a pinch of snuff in the 'smaller bar'. Same Same But DifferentCAFE, BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 7a Prince's Bldgs, Bartlett St; h8am-6pm Mon-Wed, to 11pm Thu-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) Boho hang-out for the town's trendies, tucked down an alley off George St. Savour wine by the glass, snack on tapas or sip a cappuccino with the Sunday papers. Door 34COCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.door34.co.uk; 34 Monmouth St; cocktails from £8; hfrom 7pm) This cocktail bar touts itself as a 'liquid alchemist's lounge', and it certainly mixes a mean martini. SalamanderBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-428889; www.bathales.com/pubs/salamander.html; 3 John St; mains £10-14; h10am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, to 11pm Sun) Owned by Bath Ales, the Sally serves in-house beers such as amber Gem and Golden Hare and the stronger, darker Rare Hare. There's an upstairs supper club. 3Entertainment MolesLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.moles.co.uk; 14 George St) Bath's main music venue suffered a serious fire in March 2014; it was closed at the time of writing, and won't reopen until 2015 at the earliest. Theatre RoyalTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theatreroyal.org.uk; Sawclose) Bath's historic theatre dates back 200 years. Major touring productions go in the main auditorium, while smaller shows appear in the Ustinov Studio. KomediaCABARET, COMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.komedia.co.uk; 22-23 Westgate St) Live comedy and cabaret at this Bath offshoot of the Brighton-based original. Little Theatre CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; St Michael's Pl) Bath's excellent art-house cinema screens fringe films and foreign-language flicks. 7Shopping Bath's main shopping centre is Southgate ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.southgatebath.com), where you'll find all the major chain stores. Smaller shops tend to be situated north from the centre. Milsom St is good for upmarket fashion, while Walcot St is lined by quirky independent food shops, design stores and vintage clothing retailers. 8Information Bath Visitor CentreTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0906 711 2000, accommodation bookings 0844 847 5256; www.visitbath.co.uk; Abbey Churchyard; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Sells the Bath Visitor Card. The general enquiries line is charged at the premium rate of 50p per minute. Main Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 27 Northgate St) Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Manvers St; h7am-midnight) 8Getting There & Away Bus Bath's bus and coach station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Dorchester St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) is near the train station. National Express coaches run direct to London (£17, 3½ hours, eight to 10 daily) via Heathrow. Services to most other destinations change at Bristol or Heathrow. Local buses: A **Bristol** (£5.50, 50 minutes, four per hour Monday to Saturday, half-hourly on Sunday) Bus X39/339. A **Wells** (£5.50, one hour 10 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) Bus 173. Train Bath Spa station is at the end of Manvers St. Many services connect through Bristol, especially to the north of England. Direct services include: A **Bristol** (£7.10, 15 minutes, several per hour) A **Cardiff Central** (£19.40, one hour, hourly) A **Exeter** (£32, 1¼ hours, hourly) A **London Paddington** (£42, 1½ hours, half-hourly) A **Salisbury** (£16.90, one hour, hourly) 8Getting Around Bicycle Bath's hills make getting around by bike challenging, but the canal paths along the Kennet and Avon Canal and the 13-mile Bristol & Bath Railway Path are great to explore by bike. Bath Bike HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-447276; www.bath-narrowboats.co.uk/bathbikehirecom; Sydney Wharf; half/full day £13/19; h9am-11pm) Ten minutes' walk from the centre. Handy for the canal and railway paths. Bath by CycleBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01225-807881; www.bathbycycle.com; 3 George's Pl; bike rental from £5; h9am-6pm) Rents standard and electric bikes. Bus Bus 18 runs from the bus station, High St and Great Pulteney St up Bathwick Hill past the YHA to the university every 10 minutes. Bus 4 runs every 20 minutes to Bathampton. Car & Motorcycle Bath has serious traffic problems, especially at rush hour. Park & Ride services ( %01225-464446; return Mon-Fri £3, Sat £2.50; h6.15am-7.30pm Mon-Sat) operate from Lansdown to the north, Newbridge to the west and Odd Down to the south. It takes about 10 minutes to the centre; buses leave every 10 to 15 minutes. The best-value car park is underneath the SouthGate shopping centre (two/eight hours £3.30/10, after 6pm £2). ## Somerset With its pastoral landscape of hedgerows, fields and hummocked hills, sleepy Somerset is the very picture of the rural English countryside, and makes the perfect escape from the bustle of Bath and the hustle of Bristol. Things certainly move at a drowsier pace around these parts – it's a place to wander, ponder and drink in the sights at your own pace. The cathedral city of Wells is a handy base for exploring the limestone caves and gorges around Cheddar, while the hippie haven of Glastonbury is handy for venturing onto the wetlands of the Somerset Levels and the high hills of the Quantocks. 8Information Somerset Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01934-750833; www.visitsomerset.co.uk; Sedgemoor Services M5 South; h9.15am-5pm daily Easter-Oct, Mon-Fri Nov-Easter) Visit South SomersetTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitsouthsomerset.co.uk) 8Getting Around Most buses in Somerset are operated by First ( %08456-064446; www.firstgroup.com). For timetables and general information contact Traveline South West (www.travelinesw.com). Key train services link Bath, Bristol, Bridgwater, Taunton and Weston-super-Mare. The M5 heads south past Bristol, to Bridgwater and Taunton, with the A39 leading west across the Quantocks to Exmoor. ### Wells & Around Pop 10,406 In Wells, small is beautiful. This is England's smallest city, and only qualifies for the title thanks to a magnificent medieval cathedral, which sits beside the grand Bishop's Palace – the official residence of the Bishop of Bath and Wells since the 12th century. Medieval buildings and cobbled streets radiate out from the cathedral green to a marketplace that has been the bustling heart of Wells for some nine centuries (Wednesday and Saturday are market days). Film buffs might also recognise it from the hit British comedy, _Hot Fuzz_ – the film's final shootout was filmed here. 1Sights Wells CathedralCATHEDRAL (Cathedral Church of St Andrew; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wellscathedral.org.uk; Cathedral Green; requested donation adult/child £6/3; h7am-7pm) Wells' gargantuan Gothic cathedral sits plum in the centre of the city, surrounded by one of the largest cathedral closes anywhere in England. It was built in stages between 1180 and 1508, and consequently showcases several Gothic styles. Among its notable features are the **West Front** , decorated with more than 300 carved figures, and the famous **scissor arches** – an ingenious architectural solution to counter the subsidence of the central tower. In the north transept is a **mechanical clock** dating from 1392 – the second oldest in England after the one at Salisbury Cathedral – which shows the position of the planets and the phases of the moon. Other highlights include the elegant **Lady Chapel** (1326), the fan-vaulted **Chapter House** (1306) and the celebrated **chained library** , which contains books and manuscripts dating back to 1472. Outside, the covered cloister known as the **Chain Bridge** enabled clerics to reach the cathedral without getting their robes wet. Free guided tours run every hour from Monday to Saturday, but you'll need a photography permit (£3) to take pictures. Cathedral CloseHISTORIC SITE Wells Cathedral forms the centrepiece of a cluster of ecclesiastical buildings dating back to the Middle Ages. Facing the west front, on the left are the 15th-century **Old Deanery** and the Wells & Mendip Museum ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wellsmuseum.org.uk; 8 Cathedral Green; adult/child £3/1; h10am-5.30pm Easter-Oct, 11am-4pm Wed-Mon Nov-Easter), with exhibits on local life, cathedral architecture and the infamous Witch of Wookey Hole. Further along, **Vicars' Close** is a stunning 14th-century cobbled street, with a chapel at the end; members of the cathedral choir still live here. It is thought to be the oldest complete medieval street in Europe. **Penniless Porch** , a corner gate leading onto Market Sq, is so-called because beggars asked for alms here. Bishop's PalaceHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bishopspalacewells.co.uk; adult/child £7/3; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Built for the bishop in the 13th century, this moat-ringed palace is purportedly the oldest inhabited building in England. Inside, the palace's state rooms and ruined great hall are worth a look, but it's the shady gardens that are the real draw. The natural springs after which Wells is named bubble up in the palace's grounds. Famously, the palace's population of mute swans have been trained to ring a bell when they want to be fed. Guided tours are included in the admission price and run at 11.30am and 2.30pm during summer. Wookey HoleCAVE (www.wookey.co.uk; adult/child £18/12; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Mar) On the edge of the Mendip Hills, the River Axe has gouged out deep limestone caverns collectively known as Wookey Hole. They're famous for their stalagmites and stalactites, one of which is the legendary Witch of Wookey Hole, who was turned to stone by a local priest. Admission to the caves is by guided tour, while up on top you'll find tacky tourist attractions ranging from a penny arcade to a mirror maze. Wookey Hole is 3 miles northwest of Wells; look out for brown signs on the A371. At weekends, you might even be greeted by the witch herself. Tickets remain valid for the whole day, and there's a 15% discount for booking online. Cheddar GorgeCAVE (www.cheddargorge.co.uk; Explorer Ticket adult/child £18.50/12; h10am-5.30pm) Carved out by glacial meltwater during the last Ice Age, the limestone cliffs of Cheddar Gorge form England's deepest natural canyon, in places towering 138m above the twisting B3135. Beneath the cliffs, the gorge is riddled with miles of subterranean caves. **Cox's Cave** and **Gough's Cave** are the easiest to reach, decorated with impressive displays of stalactites and stalagmites, but you'll need to sign up for a caving trip if you want to venture deeper underground. The gorge begins about 20 miles northwest of Wells on the A371. The Cheddar caves have been inhabited since the last Ice Age; a 9000-year-old skeleton (imaginatively named Cheddar Man) was discovered here in 1903, although carbon dating has suggested Gough's Cave was inhabited several thousand years earlier. Rumours of prehistoric cannibalism also seem to have been confirmed by recent discoveries of polished human skulls that are believed to have been used as drinking vessels. Cheddar is very popular, so expect traffic during summer and school holidays. You can escape the crowds by climbing the 274-step staircase known as **Jacob's Ladder** , which leads to a spectacular viewpoint over the gorge and a 3-mile clifftop trail. There's a 15% discount for online booking. Cheddar Gorge Cheese CompanyCHEESEMAKER ( %01934-742810; www.cheddargorgecheeseco.co.uk; adult/child £2.25/free; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct) Along with its caves, Cheddar is also famous as the home of the nation's favourite cheese, produced here since the 12th century (Henry II considered it 'the best cheese in Britain', and the king's accounts from 1170 record that he purchased 10,240lb of the stuff). You can take a guided tour at this cheesemaker and purchase top-quality cheddars at the shop. 2Activities X-TremeADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01934-742343; www.cheddargorge.co.uk/x-treme; 1½-hr trip adult/child £21/19) The Cheddar Gorge's main outdoors company offers guided caving trips lasting around 1½ hours. Inevitably you'll get wet and dirty, and it might not be a great idea if you're averse to small spaces. Rock-climbing trips are also available. 4Sleeping BerylB&B ( %01749-678738; www.beryl-wells.co.uk; Hawkers Lane; d £100-150; p s) This grand gabled mansion offers a taste of English eccentricity. Every inch of the house is crammed with antique atmosphere, and the rooms boast grandfather clocks, chaises longues and four-posters galore. It's about a mile from Wells. Swan HotelHOTEL ( %01749-836300; www.swanhotelwells.co.uk; Sadler St; d £100-149) A former coaching inn that's a distinct cut above your average Best Western. The building's part-15th-century architecture is packed with period detail, and many rooms have views across the cathedral green – although square footage can be variable, so it might be worth viewing a few before you settle. Ancient Gate House HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01749-672029; www.ancientgatehouse.co.uk; Browne's Gate; s £90-100, d £110-130; W) This old hostelry is partly built right into the cathedral's west gate. Rooms are decorated in regal reds and duck-egg blues; the best have four-poster beds and knockout cathedral views through latticed windows. They're £15 extra, but worth it. Stoberry HouseB&B ( %01749-672906; www.stoberryhouse.co.uk; Stoberry Park; d £85-145; p W) Just outside the city outskirts, this modern house offers a swanky B&B experience: plush cushions and swags above the beds in the rooms, plus a guest lounge with books to browse and Nespresso coffee on tap. 5Eating The Good EarthVEGETARIAN ( %01749-678600; www.thegoodearthwells.co.uk; 4-6 Priory Rd; lunch £8-12; h9am-4.30pm) A wholefood store that's branched out into homewares and a fantastic veggie cafe, which offers two daily dishes in a sunny dining room or a secret patio garden. Strangers with CoffeeCAFE (31 St Cuthbert St; cakes £2-5; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) This little cafe does the best flat white in town, and has a tempting selection of cakes to match. Old SpotBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01749-689099; www.theoldspot.co.uk; 12 Sadler St; lunch £18.50, dinner mains £14-21.50; h12.30-2.30pm Wed-Sun, 7-9.30pm Tue-Sat) Run by husband-and-wife team Ian and Clare Bates, this restaurant focuses on British classics with a streak of Italian spice – rump of lamb with polenta and peperonata, or guinea-fowl with risotto. GoodfellowsBISTRO, CAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01749-673866; www.goodfellows.co.uk; 5 Sadler St) There's a choice of settings at Goodfellows: a continental-style cafe (lunch £10-17, dinner £20-25; h8.30am-4pm Mon & Tue, 8.30am-5pm & 6-10pm Wed-Sat) for quick lunches, cakes and pastries, or a full-blown seafood bistro (3-/6-course menu £42/55; hnoon-2pm Tue-Sat, 6.30-9.30pm Wed-Sat) for sit-down dining. The quality at both is excellent. 8Information Tourist office ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01749-672552; www.wellstourism.com; Market Pl; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Mar) Stocks the _Wells City Trail_ leaflet (30p) and sells discount tickets to Wookey Hole and Cheddar Gorge. 8Getting There & Away The bus station is south of Cuthbert St, on Princes Rd. Useful services: A **Bath** (£5.50, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) Bus 173. A **Bristol** (£5.50, one hour, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday) Bus 376. A **Cheddar** (£4.50, 25 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, four on Sunday) Bus 126; continues to Weston-super-Mare (£5.50, 1½ hours). A **Glastonbury** (£3.50, 15 minutes, several per hour) Bus 377. A **Taunton** (day rover £10, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) Bus 29; stops in Glastonbury. ### GLASTONBURY FESTIVAL To many people, Glastonbury is synonymous with the **Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts** (www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk), a majestic (and frequently mud-soaked) extravaganza of music, theatre, dance, cabaret, carnival, spirituality and general all-round weirdness that's been held on and off on farmland in Pilton, just outside Glastonbury, for the last 40-something years (bar the occasional off-year to let the farm recover). The first event was held in 1970, when young dairy farmer Michael Eavis decided to stage his own British version of Woodstock on his land at Worthy Farm. Eavis borrowed £15,000 and invited some bands to play on a couple of makeshift stages in a field. Entry was £1, which included a pint of milk from Eavis' dairy herd; among the acts who performed was Marc Bolan of T-Rex, who arrived in typically flamboyant style in his own velvet-covered Buick. Forty years later, the festival has become the world's longest-running pop-music festival, attracting crowds of more than 120,000. It's even had a feature-length film made about it, directed by Julien Temple. Eavis' daughter Emily has since taken over the day-to-day-running of the festival, and her decision to give headline slots to artists such as Jay-Z and U2 has led many people to grumble that Glastonbury's gone mainstream – but with acts such as the Rolling Stones and the Arctic Monkeys still lining up to play, Glastonbury's status as the UK's premier outdoor party looks safe for years to come. More importantly, even the local councillors seem to have come around; after years of wrangling, in 2014 the festival was granted an unprecedented 10-year licence, a sign that the powers-that-be have recognised the festival's status as a national treasure. Tickets (which cost £210 in 2014) usually go on sale in the autumn, but always sell out within a matter of minutes, so you need to get in lightning-quick if you want to go. ### Glastonbury Pop 8429 Ley lines converge, white witches convene and every shop is filled with the aroma of smouldering joss-sticks in good old Glastonbury, the southwest's undisputed capital of alternative culture. Now famous for its annual musical mudfest held on Michael Eavis' farm in nearby Pilton, Glastonbury has a much more ancient past: the town's iconic tor was an important pagan site, and is rumoured by some to be the mythical Isle of Avalon, King Arthur's last resting place. It's also allegedly one of the world's great spiritual nodes, marking the meeting point of many mystical lines of power – so if you feel the need to get your chakras realigned, this is definitely the place. Whatever the truth of the various legends swirling round Glastonbury, one thing's for certain – watching the sunrise from the top of the tor is an experience you won't forget in a hurry. Glastonbury 1Top Sights 1Glastonbury AbbeyB2 2Glastonbury TorD3 1Sights 3Chalice Well & GardensD3 4Lake Village MuseumD1 5White SpringD3 4Sleeping 6CovensteadB2 7Crown Glastonbury BackpackersC1 8Glastonbury TownhouseA3 9Glastonbury White HouseB1 10ParsnipsC2 5Eating 11Hundred Monkeys CafeB2 12Rainbow's EndD1 13Who'd a Thought It InnA2 6Drinking & Nightlife 14George & PilgrimD1 #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### THE QUANTOCKS The range of red sandstone hills known as the Quantocks traces a 12-mile curve across Somerset's northern edge. A mix of moors, valleys and ancient woods of coppiced oak, these little-visited hills offer stirring views across the Bristol Channel: when the weather's fine, you can see across to the Gower coastline in south Wales. Designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the Quantocks receive far fewer visitors than Exmoor and Dartmoor, making them perfect for hikers and bikers in search of quiet trails. The Quantocks AONB (www.quantockhills.com; Fyne Court; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri) runs walks. Literary buffs might also like to make a stop at the village of **Nether Stowey** , best known for its association with the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who moved to the village with his wife Sara and son Hartley in 1796. Coleridge Cottage (NT; %01278-732662; 35 Lime St, Nether Stowey; adult £5.80/2.90; h11am-5pm Thu-Mon) is now owned by the National Trust; the poet is thought to have composed some of his greatest works during his three-year stay here, including _The Rime of the Ancient Mariner_ , _Kubla Khan_ and _This Lime Tree Bower My Prison_. 1Sights oGlastonbury TorLANDMARK (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/glastonbury-tor) Topped by the ruined medieval **Chapel of St Michael** , the iconic hump of Glastonbury Tor is visible for miles around, and provides Somerset with one of its most unmistakable landmarks. It takes half an hour to walk up from the start of the trail on Well House Lane; the steepest sections are stepped. You can walk to the trailhead from the town centre in about 20 minutes, or catch the regular Tor Bus, which shuttles from Dunstan's car park near the Abbey to the trailhead on Well House Lane. The tor is the focal point for a wealth of local legends. According to Celtic legend, the tor is the home of Arawn or Gwyn ap Nudd, king of the Underworld and lord of the faeries. A more famous legend identifies the tor as the mythic Isle of Avalon, where King Arthur was taken after being mortally wounded in battle, and where Britain's 'once and future king' sleeps until his country calls again. Others believe that the Tor marks an ancient mystical node where invisible lines of energy known as ley lines converge. It's easy to see why the tor has inspired so many myths. It's a strange presence in an otherwise pan-flat landscape, and in ancient times (when the area around Glastonbury was covered by water for much of the year), the Tor would indeed have appeared as an island, wreathed in mists and cut off by rivers, marshes and bogs. Chalice Well & GardensGARDENS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-831154; www.chalicewell.org.uk; adult/child £4/2; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) Shaded by yew trees and criss-crossed by quiet paths, the Chalice Well and Gardens have been sites of pilgrimage since the days of the Celts. The iron-red waters from the 800-year-old well are rumoured to have healing properties, good for everything from eczema to smelly feet; some legends also identify the well as the hiding place of the Holy Grail. In fact, the reddish waters are caused by iron deposits in the soil. You can drink the water from a lion's-head spout, or rest your feet in basins surrounded by flowers. The Chalice Well is also known as the 'Red Spring' or 'Blood Spring'; its sister, White Spring ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), surfaces across Well House Lane. oGlastonbury AbbeyRUINS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-832267; www.glastonburyabbey.com; Magdalene St; adult/child £6/4; h9am-8pm) The scattered ruins of Glastonbury Abbey give little hint that this was once one of England's great seats of ecclesiastical power. It was torn down following Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries in 1539, and the last abbot, Richard Whiting, was hung, drawn and quartered on the tor. Precious little now remains save for a few nave walls, the ruined **St Mary's chapel** , and the crossing arches, which may have been scissor-shaped like those in Wells Cathedral. The grounds also contain a **museum** , **cider orchard** and **herb garden**. According to legend, the abbey's famous holy thorn tree sprang from the staff of Joseph of Arimathea, Jesus' great-uncle, who supposedly visited the abbey following Christ's death. It blooms at Christmas and Easter. The abbey even has an Arthurian connection. In the 12th century, monks purportedly uncovered a tomb in the abbey grounds inscribed _Hic iacet sepultus inclitus rex arturius in insula avalonia_ , or 'Here lies buried the renowned King Arthur in the Isle of Avalon'. Inside the tomb were two entwined skeletons, supposedly those of Arthur and his wife Guinevere. The bones were reburied beneath the altar in 1278, but were lost following the abbey's destruction. Lake Village MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; The Tribunal, 9 High St; adult/child £3/1.50; h10am-3pm) Upstairs from Glastonbury's tourist office, the Lake Village Museum displays finds from a prehistoric bog village discovered in nearby Godney. The houses were clustered in about six groups and built from reeds, hazel and willow. It's thought they were occupied by summer traders who lived the rest of the year around Glastonbury Tor. 4Sleeping Crown Glastonbury BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-833353; www.glastonburybackpackers.com; 4 Market Pl; dm £16.50, d £35-60; p i) Basic but friendly hostel above the old Crown pub, with small, clean rooms as well as a kitchen and laundry. CovensteadB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07970-615251; www.covenstead.co.uk; Magdalene St; s £60, d £70-90) Well, what else would you expect in mystical Glastonbury but a witchcraft-themed B&B? There are four rooms, all with their own pagan theme, and the house is a mix of suburban semi and spooky knick-knacks – oil paintings, horned bedside lamps, candelabra and velvet chairs. Thankfully no eye of newt or toe of frog for breakfast, though. Glastonbury White HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-830886; www.theglastonburywhitehouse.com; 21 Manor House Rd; s £60-65, d £75-95; p) There are only two rooms here, but owner Carey has made them super-cosy, with extra touches such as fridges, fresh milk and bottles of White Spring water. Breakfast is extra (£5 continental, £7.50 cooked). It's about five minutes' walk from High St. Glastonbury TownhouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-831040; www.glastonburytownhouse.co.uk; Street Rd; d £90-120) Nothing too outlandish about this place – just a solid, red-brick, Edwardian town house, with three quiet rooms, lots of antique furniture and a friendly owner, Greg, who has all the local tips. ParsnipsB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-835599; www.parsnips-glastonburyco.uk; 99 Bere Lane; s £55, d £70-75; p i) This modern B&B is a solid bet, with bright rooms in gingham and cream, complimentary coffee on arrival, and a range of holistic treatments by arrangement. Breakfast is in an attractive conservatory. #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### THE SOMERSET LEVELS Flat as a pancake, sub-sea-level and criss-crossed with canals (known locally as rhynes), the **Somerset Levels** are one of England's largest native wetlands. Covering over 64,000 hectares between the Quantock and Mendip Hills, they're brilliant for bird-spotters, particularly in October and November, when huge flocks of starlings (properly known as 'murmurations') descend on the area. Nature reserves have been established at Ham Wall, Shapwick Heath, Sedgemoor and Westhay. More recently, the Levels made the headlines thanks to the serious floods that struck in 2014, submerging the area under several metres of water for much of the winter. In truth, the land here has always been flood-prone, but it's been claimed that the recent floods have been exacerbated by climate change and the cessation of river-dredging. Along with agriculture, many traditional industries survive on the Levels, including peat digging, reed harvesting and willowcraft, which you can see in action at the Willows & Wetlands Visitor Centre ( %01823-490249; www.englishwillowbaskets.co.uk; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) near Stoke St Gregory. The flat landscape of the Levels also makes it ideal for **cycling**. Several trails pass through the village of Langport, including the long-distance River Parrett Trail. 5Eating & Drinking Rainbow's EndVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-833896; www.rainbowsendcafe.com; 17a High St; mains £4-8; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun; v) S This psychedelic cafe sums up the Glastonbury spirit, with its all-veggie food, potted plants and mix-and-match furniture. Tuck into homity pie or a hot quiche, followed by scrumptious homemade cake. There's a small patio out back. BocabarBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-440558; http://glastonbury.bocabar.co.uk; Morland Rd; lunch £5-10, dinner £13.50-19.95; h9.30am-midnight Tue-Sat, to 5pm Sun & Mon) In an old factory once occupied by Morlands the sheepskin makers, this has turned into Glastonbury's hippest hang-out. There are live bands and events several times a week, and a pan-global menu that takes in Thai chillies, classic steaks, gourmet burgers and adventurous crêpes. The industrial-chic vibe adds appeal. It's about 1.5 miles southwest of the town centre along Morland Rd. Hundred Monkeys CafeBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hundredmonkeyscafe.com; 52 High St; mains £8-15; h8am-8.30pm Mon-Fri, to 9pm Fri & Sat, 9am-4pm Sun; v) A cosy bistro with a laid-back, fair-trade, seasonal ethos, decorated in homely fashion with pine furniture and handwritten blackboards. Mezze platters, pasta dishes, curries and risottos are the order of the day – with plenty of gluten-free and vegan options (this is Glastonbury, after all). The tea selection is enormous and the wines are all biodynamic. Who'd a Thought It InnGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 17 Northload St; mains £10.95-13.95; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm) A pleasantly peculiar local's pub, covered in paraphernalia including antique bottles and old signs, an old red telephone box and an upside-down bike on the ceiling. The food is solid pub fare – think sausages, pies and steaks – but there are usually specials chalked above the bar. George & PilgrimPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 High St; mains £7-15; h11am-11pm) Partly 15th-century inn with one of the town's most authentically historic interiors – timbers, flagstones and all. 8Information Glastonbury Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01458-832954; www.glastonburytic.co.uk; The Tribunal, 9 High St; h10am-5pm) 8Getting There & Away There is no train station in Glastonbury. Bus 377 (several times per hour) travels north to Wells (£3.50, 15 minutes). Bus 29 travels to Taunton (£5.50, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). ### Taunton & Around Taunton is in the heart of Somerset in more ways than one; it's bang in the middle of the county geographically, and is also the area's county town and commercial centre. It's worth a look for its part-12th-century **castle** , which now houses the **Museum of Somerset** and the Somerset Military Museum ( %01823 255088; Castle Green, Taunton; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat). It's also a useful gateway to the Quantocks and handy for exploring several local sights. 1Sights Fleet Air Arm MuseumMUSEUM ( %01963-840565; www.fleetairarm.com; adult/child £14/10; h10am-5.30pm daily Apr-Oct, 10am-4.30pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar) This excellent aviation museum houses hundreds of naval aircraft from Sopwiths to Phantom fighters. You can walk onto the flight deck of the first British-built Concorde and take a simulated flight onto the aircraft carrier HMS _Ark Royal_. The museum is 4 miles north of Somerset, near Yeovilton. West Somerset RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01643-704996; www.west-somerset-railway.co.uk; 24hr rover ticket adult/child £17/8.50) The chuffing steam trains of this vintage railway are a fine way to see the Somerset countryside. The 20-mile route runs from Bishops Lydeard to Minehead, stopping at Dunster, Watchet, Williton, Crowcombe Heathfield and several other stations en route. There are four to eight trains daily from March to October, with a more limited service for the rest of the year. Bikes can be carried on board for £2. There are discounts if you book online. Montacute HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01935-823289; montacute@nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £11.20/5.60; h11am-4pm Wed-Mon summer, gardens 10am-5pm year-round) This manor was built in the 1590s for Sir Edward Phelips, a Speaker of the House of Commons, and contains some of the finest 16th- and 17th-century interiors in the country. The house is particularly renowned for its plasterwork, chimney pieces and tapestries, but the highlight is the **Long Gallery** , the longest such hall in England. It's decorated with Elizabethan portraits on loan from the National Portrait Gallery in London. It's 24 miles southeast of Taunton on the A358 and A303, or 5 miles west of Yeovil on the A3088. The house is only open on selected days in winter, so phone ahead. Ham HillVIEWPOINT (www.southsomerset.gov.uk/hamhill; near Stoke-sub-Hamdon) F Looming above the village of Stoke-sub-Hamdon, this is the highest point in Somerset. It's served a variety of purposes – Iron Age hill fort, medieval village, stone quarry – but it's now a delightful park covering 156 hectares. Recent archaeological excavations have revealed a huge Iron Age bone-pit which – at least for now – remains a mystery. Stoke-sub-Hamdon is 7 miles west of Yeovil off the A303; follow the brown signs. 4Sleeping & Eating Queen's ArmsINN ( %01963-220317; www.thequeensarms.com; Corton Denham; d £85-130, mains £15-25; hrestaurant noon-3pm & 6-9pm; p W) Somerset's not short on lovely pubs, but this one in Corton Denham is worth the trip. Rugs, reclaimed pews and flagstones nod to its 18th-century heritage, but the gastropub menu and rustic-chic rooms are altogether modern. It's scooped numerous awards, including CAMRA's Somerset Cider Pub of the Year. It's 8 miles northeast of Yeovil. Frog St FarmhouseB&B ( %01823-481883; www.frogstreet.co.uk; Hatch Beauchamp; d £90-120; p W) The name of this amber-stoned longhouse in nearby Hatch Beauchamp derives from the Anglo-Saxon for 'meeting place'. It's a beauty, with four rooms mixing rusticity (beams, stone, wonky doors) with luxurious furnishings (roll-top baths, cotton linen, wood floors). oLord Poulett ArmsGASTROPUB ( %01460-73149; www.lordpoulettarms.com; Hinton St George; mains £14-16, r £85-95; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm; p) Hinton St George's deliciously olde-worlde village pub has been named Somerset Dining Pub of the Year three times, most recently in 2014. The hearty food is fantastic, and the building oozes country atmosphere, with beams, roaring fires and stacks of ale barrels behind the bar. It even has quirky rooms upstairs. Hard to fault. It's roughly 15 miles from Yeovil and Taunton. ## Cornwall You can't get further west than the ancient Celtic kingdom of Cornwall (or Kernow, as it's known to Cornish-speakers). Blessed with the southwest's wildest coastline and most breathtakingly beautiful beaches, this proudly independent peninsula has always marched to its own tune. While the staple industries of old – mining, fishing and farming – have all but disappeared, Cornwall has since reinvented itself as one of the nation's creative corners. Whether it's exploring the space-age domes of the Eden Project, sampling the culinary creations of a celebrity chef or basking on a deserted beach, you're guaranteed to feel the itch of inspiration. Time to let a little Kernow into your soul. Since 2006, Cornwall's historic mining areas have formed part of the UK's newest Unesco World Heritage Site, the **Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape** (www.cornish-mining.org.uk). 8Getting Around Bus, train and ferry timetables can be found on the Traveline South West ( %0871 200 2233; www.travelinesw.com) website. The useful Great Scenic Railways (www.greatscenicrailways.com) website features online booking and timetables for Cornwall's regional railways. Bus Cornwall has two main bus operators. First Cornwall operates the routes between main towns, and the majority of services in the west of the county, while Western Greyhound operates services between coastal villages and most services in the east of the county. First CornwallBUS ( %customer service 0845-600 1420, timetables 0871-200 2233; www.firstgroup.com/ukbus/devon_cornwall) Western GreyhoundBUS ( %01637-871871; www.westerngreyhound.com) Train Cornwall's main railway line follows the coast as far as Penzance, with branch lines to Gunnislake, Looe, Falmouth, St Ives and Newquay. CrossCountryTRAIN ( %0844 811 0124; www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk) Operates services to the north of England, the Midlands and Scotland. First Great WesternTRAIN ( %08457-000125; www.firstgreatwestern.co.uk) Operates the main line from London Paddington via Exeter, Plymouth, St Austell, Truro and Penzance, as well as the regional branch lines. Transport Passes Several passes cover public transport in Cornwall. Ride Cornwall is the best all-round value covering bus and train. There are also Day Ranger tickets for all of Cornwall's branch railway lines, as well as 'Two Together' and 'Groupsave' tickets for two and four adults travelling together. FirstDay SouthwestTRAVEL PASS (adult/child/family £7.60/6.20/18.70) One-day pass offering unlimited bus travel on First buses in Devon and Cornwall. Freedom of Devon & Cornwall RoverTRAIN PASS (3-day adult/child £45, 8-day adult/child £69) Three days' train travel in seven, or eight days' travel in 14. Valid after 9am and anytime weekends. Ride CornwallTRAVEL PASS (adult/child/family £10/7.50/20) The best-value all-round travel pass, covering one day's rail and bus travel between Cornwall and Plymouth. Valid after 9am Monday to Friday and weekends. Western Greyhound Day ExplorerTRAVEL PASS (adult/child/family £8.50/5.50/17) Covers one day's travel on any of Western Greyhound's bus routes in Cornwall. Day Ranger Rail Tickets Atlantic Coast LineREGIONAL RAILWAY (1-day ranger adult/child £4.60/2.30) Branch line from Newquay to Par. Looe Valley LineREGIONAL RAILWAY (1-day ranger adult/child £5/3.15) Scenic line from Liskeard to Looe. Maritime LineREGIONAL RAILWAY (1-day ranger adult/child £4.10/2.05) Truro to Falmouth Docks, with stops at Penryn and Falmouth Town. Tamar Valley LineREGIONAL RAILWAY (1-day ranger adult/child £5.40/2.70) Plymouth to Gunnislake, with stops including Devonport Dockyard, St Budeaux, Bere Alston and Calstock. St Ives Bay LineREGIONAL RAILWAY (1-day ranger adult/child/family £4/2/10) Lovely line that runs between St Erth, Carbis Bay and St Ives. ### Bude Pop 9242 Just a scant few miles across the Devon border, Bude is a breezy seaside town with a bevy of impressive beaches, as well as a lovely seawater lido built in the 1930s. The town itself isn't much to look at, but the stunning coastline on its doorstep makes it worthy of a stop. 1Sights Bude's beaches are definitely its main asset. Closest is **Summerleaze** , a bucket-and-spade affair with lots of space at low tide, and the beautiful Bude Sea Pool (www.budeseapool.net). North across Summerleaze Down is **Crooklets** , offering golden sand and rock pools at low tide. To reach Bude's other beaches requires either a car or a hike along the coast path. Three miles south of town is **Widemouth Bay** (pronounced 'widmouth'), a broad, sandy beach good for both families and surfers. Two miles further is the shingly beach of **Millook** , followed by the dramatic cliffs around **Crackington Haven**. Three miles north of town are the National Trust–owned **Northcott Mouth** and **Sandymouth**. A mile further on is pebbly **Duckpool** , often quiet even in summer. Bude CastleMUSEUM (www.thecastlebude.org.uk; The Castle; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Easter) F Housed in a peculiar folly behind Summerleaze Beach, Bude Castle was built by local inventor Sir Goldsworthy Gurney, whose creations included theatrical limelight and steam carriages. The building now houses a small **heritage centre** which roves through Bude's maritime, geological and social history. There's also a cafe on the top floor. #### WORTH A TRIP ### VINTAGE CORNWALL Camel Valley VineyardWINERY ( %01208-77959; www.camelvalley.com; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) Cornwall might not seem like an obvious place for winemaking, but local entrepreneur Bob Lindo has been producing award-winning vintages at his Camel Valley Vineyard since 1989. The range includes award-winning whites and rosés, and a bubbly that's champagne in all but name. Aficionados say the wines have a fresh, light quality that comes from the mild climate and pure sea air. Vineyard tours run regularly, and you can taste and buy the goods in the on-site shop. 4Sleeping Dylan's GuesthouseB&B ( %01288-354705; www.dylansguesthouseinbude.co.uk; Downs View; s £40-50, d £60-75; p W) This snazzy B&B has rooms decked out in white linen, chocolate throws, pine furniture and quirky curios. Most look across the town's golf course and downlands. Elements HotelHOTEL ( %01288-275066; www.elements-life.co.uk; Marine Dr; d £99-120; p W) Smart clifftop hotel with 11 rooms in whites and creams, big views from the outdoor deck, a gym and Finholme sauna, and surf packages courtesy of nearby Raven Surf School. The Beach at BudeHOTEL ( %01288-389800; www.thebeachatbude.co.uk; Summerleaze Cres; r £95-185; p W) The main sell at this swish hotel are the fine views over Summerleaze beach, but the rooms are attractive too: spacious and smart, with slate-lined bathrooms featuring his-and-hers sinks and Lloyd Loom chairs. They're styled to resemble a New England beach cabin. 5Eating ScrummiesCAFE (Lansdown Rd; mains £6-8; h8am-10pm) The best place for fish and chips in town (the skate and monkfish are caught by the owner). For something fancier, try their scallops and lobster (half/whole £12/24). Life's a BeachCAFE ( %01288-355222; www.lifesabeach.info; Summerleaze; lunch mains £6-10, dinner £16.50-19; h10.30am-3.30pm & 7-10pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-3.30pm Sun) This beachside bistro overlooking Summerleaze has a split personality: by day it's a beach caff serving coffees, panini and ice creams, by night it's a smart seafood restaurant. 8Information Bude Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01288-354240; www.visitbude.info; The Crescent; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 10am-4pm Sun summer) Beside the main car park near the Castle. 8Getting There & Away Bus 594/595 (six daily Monday to Saturday, four on Sunday in summer) travels to Boscastle (£4.50 single) via Widemouth and Crackington Haven (£3 or £4). ### Boscastle Pop 641 Nestled in the crook of a steep coombe (valley) at the confluence of three rivers, Boscastle's sea-going heritage stretches back to Elizabethan times. With its quaint cottages, flower-clad cliffs, tinkling streams and sturdy quay, it's almost impossibly photogenic. But the peaceful setting belies some turbulent history: in 2004 Boscastle was devastated by one of Britain's largest-ever flash floods, which carried away cars, bridges and buildings. The village has since been rebuilt, but look closely and you'll still spot reminders of the floods dotted around. 1Sights Museum of WitchcraftMUSEUM ( %01840-250111; www.museumofwitchcraft.com; The Harbour; adult/child £5/4; h10.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-6pm Sun Mar-Nov) This oddball museum claims to house the world's largest collection of witchy memorabilia, from haunted skulls to hags' bridles and voodoo dolls. It's half-tacky, half-spooky, and some of the more 'controversial' exhibits might perturb kids of a sensitive disposition (or adults, for that matter). 4Sleeping Boscastle YHAHOSTEL ( %01840-250928, 0845 371 9006; boscastle@yha.org.uk; Palace Stables, The Harbour; dm £20-22.50; hApr-Nov) Boscastle's shoebox-sized hostel was all but washed away by the floods, but it's been completely renovated. It's in one of the village's oldest buildings beside the harbour, but be prepared for small dorms, especially considering the price. Boscastle HouseB&B ( %01840-250654; www.boscastlehouse.co.uk; Tintagel Rd; s/d from £50/102; p W) The fanciest of Boscastle's B&Bs, in a Victorian house overlooking the valley, with five classy rooms with a bright, contemporary feel, mixing neutral colours with bold print wallpapers. Charlotte has bay window views, Nine Windows has his-and-hers sinks and a free-standing bath, Trelawney has ample space and its own sofa. Orchard LodgeB&B ( %01840-250418; www.orchardlodgeboscastle.co.uk; Gunpool Lane; d £89-99, 2-night minimum in summer; p W) Uphill from the harbour, Geoff and Shirley Barratt have turned their whitewashed house into a charming B&B bolthole, with each room boasting its own mix-and-match furnishings and fabrics, and hallways plastered with Thomas Hardy quotes. There's a two-night minimum in summer, and rates get cheaper the longer you stay. 5Eating For good pub grub, try the cosy Cobweb ( %01840-250278; www.cobwebinn.co.uk; The Bridge; mains £8-14) and the old-time Napoleon ( %01840-250204; High St; mains £6-12). Boscastle Farm ShopCAFE ( %01840-250827; www.boscastlefarmshop.co.uk; cakes & teas £3-5; h10am-5pm; p) Half-a-mile from the harbour on the B3263, this excellent farm shop sells its own produce, including ruby-red beef and possibly the best sausages on the north coast. In the cafe, tall windows look onto fields and coast – the perfect setting for a cream tea. Waterloo RestaurantBRITISH ( %01840-250202; www.wellingtonhotelboscastle.com; The Harbour; 2-/3-course menu £30/37.50) This turreted coaching inn dates back to the 16th century (previous guests include King Edward VII and Guy Gibson of Dambusters fame). It's an old-fashioned place – flock carpets, burnished furniture, upholstered chairs – and the restaurant continues the trad theme. It's now run by Kit Davis, who previously ran his own restaurant in Bude. 8Information Boscastle Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01840-250010; www.visitboscastleandtintagel.com; The Harbour; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Feb) ### Tintagel Pop 1822 The spectre of King Arthur looms large over Tintagel and its spectacular clifftop castle. Though the present-day ruins mostly date from the 13th century, archaeological digs have revealed the foundations of a much earlier fortress, fuelling speculation that Arthur may indeed have been born at the castle as locals like to claim. The village itself isn't terribly exciting, but if you're looking for a cheesy king Arthur souvenir, you'll find them in ample supply. 1Sights oTintagel CastleCASTLE (EH; %01840-770328; adult/child £6.10/3.70; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Famous as the supposed birthplace of King Arthur, Tintagel's stunning clifftop castle has been occupied since Roman times and once served as a residence for Cornwall's Celtic kings. The present castle is largely the work of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who established the fortress to cash in on its Arthurian connections and curry favour with the local populace. Though the Arthurian links may be tenuous, there's no doubt that Tintagel's builders chose a fine spot for a fortress. Clinging to the black granite cliffs, surrounded by booming surf and wheeling gulls, it's most people's idea of a fairy-tale castle. Though much of the structure has crumbled away, it's still possible to make out several walls and much of the original layout. Part of the castle stands on a rocky outcrop cut off from the mainland, and is accessed via a wooden bridge and a very steep staircase (vertigo sufferers beware). Trails lead along the headland to the atmospheric medieval chapel of **St Glebe's**. It's a steep walk down to the castle from the village car parks; in summer, Land Rover taxis shuttle up and down throughout the day. Old Post OfficeHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01840-770024; Fore St; adult/child £3.70/1.80; h10.30am-5.30pm mid-Mar–Sep, 11am-4pm Oct) One of the National Trust's oldest properties, this is one of the best-preserved examples of a traditional 16th-century Cornish longhouse, topped by pepper-pot chimneys and riddled with tiny rooms. As its name suggests, it was used as a post office during the 19th century. 8Getting There & Away Tintagel is on the route for the 594/595 bus (£4 to £5.50, six daily Monday to Saturday), with connections to Bude, Boscastle and Newquay. ### Port Isaac A few miles southwest of Tintagel is the classic Cornish fishing harbour of Port Isaac, a cluster of cobbled alleyways, slender opes (lanes) and cobwalled cottages collected around a medieval harbour and slipway. Though still a working harbour, Port Isaac is best known as a filming location: the Brit film _Saving Grace_ and the TV series _Doc Martin_ have both used the village as a ready-made backdrop (a sign near the quayside directs tourists straight to Doc Martin's cottage). A short walk west leads to the neighbouring harbour of **Port Gaverne** , while a couple of miles west is **Port Quin** , now owned by the National Trust. Cornwall's _chef du jour,_ Nathan Outlaw, has opened his latest restaurant right beside the quay. Outlaw's Fish Kitchen ( %01208-881183; www.outlaws.co.uk/fishkitchen; ​1 Middle St; mains £6-10; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm daily Jun-Dec, Tue-Sat Feb-Jun ) serves seafood tasting plates, with the menu dictated by whatever's brought in on the day by Port Isaac's fishermen. The restaurant is tiny, but bookings are only taken for dinner. ### Padstow & Rock Pop 3162 If anywhere symbolises Cornwall's changing character, it's **Padstow**. This once-sleepy fishing port has been transformed into one of the county's most cosmopolitan corners thanks to celebrity chef Rick Stein, whose property portfolio encompasses several restaurants, shops and hotels, as well as a seafood school and fish-and-chip bar. The 'Stein Effect' has certainly changed the place: Padstow feels more Kensington-chic than Cornish-quaint these days, with a rash of fancy restaurants and chichi boutiques sitting alongside the old pubs and pasty shops. Whether the town's managed to hold on to its soul in the process is debatable, but it's still hard not to be charmed by the setting. Across the Camel Estuary from Padstow is **Rock** , a once-quiet village that's been reinvented as an über-exclusive holiday destination. It's worth a trip for the chance to dine at the Michelin-starred restaurants of Nathan Outlaw, the county's top seafood chef. Between the two resorts is the silvery sweep of the Doom Bar, a treacherous sand-bank that's claimed many ships down the centuries. #### DON'T MISS ### BEDRUTHAN STEPS Bedruthan StepsLANDMARK (Carnewas; NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/carnewas-and-bedruthan-steps) Roughly halfway between Newquay and Padstow loom the stately rock stacks of Bedruthan. These mighty granite pillars have been carved out by the relentless action of thousands of years of wind and waves, and now provide a stirring spot for a sunset stroll. The area is owned by the National Trust, who also run the car park and cafe. The beach itself is accessed via a steep staircase and is submerged at high tide. Towards the north end is a rocky shelf known as **Diggory's Island** , which separates the main beach from another little-known cove. 1Sights & Activities Padstow is surrounded by fine beaches, including the so-called **Seven Bays** : Trevone, Harlyn, Mother Ivey's, Booby's, Constantine, Treyarnon and Porthcothan. Bus 556 runs close to most of them. Between Easter and October, cruise boats including the Jubilee Queen ( %07836-798457; www.padstowboattrips.co.uk; adult/child £11/6) and Padstow Sealife Safaris ( %01841-521613; www.padstowsealifesafaris.co.uk; 2hr cruise adult/child £39/£25) run trips to local seal and seabird colonies. National Lobster HatcheryNATURE DISPLAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-533877; www.nationallobsterhatchery.co.uk; adult/child £3.75/1.50; h10am-7.30pm Jul & Aug, to 4pm or 5pm Sep-Jun) S In an effort to combat falling lobster stocks, this harbourside hatchery rears baby lobsters in tanks before returning them to the wild. Displays detail the crustaceans' life cycle, and there are viewing tanks where you can watch the residents in action. Prideaux PlaceHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532411; www.prideauxplace.co.uk; house & grounds adult £8.50, grounds only £3; hhouse 1.30-4pm Sun-Thu, grounds & tearoom 12.30-5.30pm Apr-Oct) Much favoured by directors of costume dramas, the stately manor was built by the Prideaux-Brune family, purportedly descendants of William the Conqueror. Guided tours last around an hour and take in state rooms, staircases and Prideaux-Brune heirlooms. Camel TrailCYCLING The old Padstow–Bodmin railway was closed in the 1950s, and has now been turned into Cornwall's most popular bike trail. The main section starts in Padstow and runs east through Wadebridge (5.75 miles), but the trail runs on all the way to Poley Bridge on Bodmin Moor (18.3 miles). Bikes can be hired from Padstow Cycle Hire ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-533533; www.padstowcyclehire.com; South Quay; adult/child per day £14/6; h9am-5pm, to 9pm summer) or Trail Bike Hire ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532594; www.trailbikehire.co.uk; Unit 6, South Quay; adult £12, child £5-8; h9am-6pm) at the Padstow end, or from Bridge Bike Hire ( %01208-813050; www.bridgebikehire.co.uk; adult £12-15, child £6-9; h10am-5pm) at the Wadebridge end. Pumps and helmets are usually included, but tandems and kids' trailers cost extra. 4Sleeping Treyarnon Bay YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9664; treyarnon@yha.org.uk; Treyarnon Bay; dm £17-23; p i) A super 1930s-built beach hostel on the bluffs above Treyarnon Bay. Rooms are big and there's a good cafe, plus barbecues in summer. It's 4.5 miles east of Padstow. Bus 556 stops nearby at Constantine. Althea LibraryB&B ( %01841-532579; www.altheahouse-padstow.co.uk; 64 Church St, Padstow; d £98-124; p W) If you want to be in the heart of Padstow, this charming ivy-clad house is hard to better. The rooms are both suites, and quite rightly, with sofas, Nespresso coffee machines, in-room fridges and roll-top baths. Rafters is accessed via a private staircase, while Driftwood has a pine four-poster bed, and there's a cottage for longer stays. Treann HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-553855; www.treannhousepadstow.co.uk; 24 Dennis Rd, Padstow; d £100-130; W) This stylish number makes a fancy place to stay. The three rooms are finished with stripped floors, crisp sheets and antique beds, and the Estuary Room has its own dinky balcony with a panorama over Padstow's rooftops. Treverbyn HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532855; www.treverbynhouse.com; Station Rd, Padstow; d £120-125; p W) This town house offers four colour-themed rooms (pink, green, lilac or yellow) plus an extra-romantic turret hideaway. The style is classic – oriental rugs, brass bedsteads, traditional tea trays – the rooms are huge, and breakfast includes homemade jams and smoked kippers. 5Eating Chough BakeryBAKERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-533361; www.thechoughbakery.co.uk; 1-3 The Strand, Padstow; pasties £2-4) This family-run bakery makes Padstow's best pasties, bar none. Stein's Fish & ChipsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; South Quay, Padstow; takeaway £6.65-10.95; h9-11.30am, noon-3pm, & 5-8pm) Stein's fish-and-chips bar uses beef dripping batter for a crisp finish, and often has unusual fish options such as monkfish, John Dory and lemon sole. Margot's BistroBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01840-533441; www.margotsbistro.co.uk; 11 Duke St, Padstow; mains £14.50-17.50; hnoon-2pm Wed-Sat, 7-10pm Tue-Sat) While the food snobs head for Stein's, Margot's is where you'll be sent by the locals. Run by madcap chef Adrian Oliver, known for his chaotic style and homely, seasonal food, it's a fantastically convivial place – but the tables are packed in sardine-tight. Rojano's in the SquareITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532796; www.rojanos.co.uk; 9 Mill Sq, Padstow; pizzas & pastas £12-15) Now run by Paul Ainsworth, this excellent little Italian bistro turns out fantastic wood-fired pizzas, spicy pastas and antipasti. Rick Stein's CafeEUROPEAN ( %01841-532700; Middle St, Padstow; mains £10-18; h8am-9.30pm) Stein's backstreet bistro takes its inspiration from the chef's globetrotting travels, with dishes ranging all the way from the Far East to the Mediterranean: classic mussels with saffron, or Thai-spiced seafood broth. It's a lot more relaxed than its sister restaurant, but you'd still be wise to book. BasementCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532846; 11 Broad St, Padstow; lunch mains £5-10, dinner £10-14; h8am-10pm) Harbourside cafe that's good for a quick morning coffee, or a bowl of mussels for lunch. oPaul Ainsworth at No 6BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01840-532093; www.number6inpadstow.co.uk; 6 Middle St, Padstow; 2-/3-course lunch £19/25, dinner mains £26-30; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9pm) Paul Ainsworth is Padstow's hottest chef, and thanks to a shiny Michelin star, his restaurant has become the town's most desirable table. Known for his modern take on surf-and-turf, Ainsworth's cooking combines local seafood, meat and game into fresh, surprising concoctions. His signature dessert, 'A Trip to the Fairground', was created for BBC2's _Great British Menu_ in 2011. oRestaurant Nathan OutlawSEAFOOD ( %01208-862737; www.nathan-outlaw.com; Rock Rd, Rock; tasting menu £99; h7-9pm Tue-Sat) A former Rick Stein trainee, Nathan Outlaw has now established his own stellar seafood reputation with two Michelin stars – the only chef in Cornwall to do so. There's a choice of Outlaw venues, both in Rock. Foodies plump for the flagship restaurant, which serves a superb £99 tasting menu. Expensive, but very much a never-to-be-forgotten experience. Nathan's style is surprisingly classic, and relies on the quality of the seafood rather than cheffy tricks to provide the fireworks. The more relaxed Outlaw's (mains £16-25; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm) serves similar quality seafood at more affordable prices, while Nathan has also recently opened a new place, Outlaw's Fish Kitchen, in Port Isaac. Seafood RestaurantSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532700; www.rickstein.com; Riverside, Padstow; mains £25-65; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-10pm) Rick Stein's flagship seafooderie needs no introduction – it's one of Britain's foremost fish addresses, with an expensive menu offering treats such as fresh Padstow lobster and sumptuous _fruits de mer_. You'll generally need to book months in advance – although last-minute lunch tables sometimes crop up. 8Information Padstow Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01841-533449; www.padstowlive.com; North Quay, Padstow; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away There are a couple of car parks beside the harbour in Padstow, but they fill up quickly, so it's usually a better idea to park at one of the large car parks at the top of town and walk down. Useful bus routes include: A **Bude** Bus 594/595 (£8, six daily Monday to Saturday) via Wadebridge (£7.50), Boscastle and Tintagel. A **Newquay** Bus 556 (£6.50, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) runs via Padstow's main beaches along the coast to Newquay. ### Newquay Pop 19,423 If Padstow is Cornwall's Cannes, then Newquay is its Costa del Sol. Perched on the cliffs above a cluster of white-sand beaches, and packed with enough pubs, bars and dodgy clubs to give Ibiza a run for its money, it's become the summer venue of choice for beer boys, beach bums and surf addicts alike, all of whom descend on the town in their droves in summer. It's also the capital of Cornish surfing, and if you're looking to learn how to brave the waves, this is the place to do it. 1Sights Newquay has a truly stunning location among some of North Cornwall's finest beaches. The best known is **Fistral** , England's most famous surfing beach. It's nestled on the west side of Towan Head, a 10-minute walk from the town centre. To the east of Towan Head are Newquay's other main beaches. Just below town are **Towan** , **Great Western** and **Tolcarne** , followed by nearby **Lusty Glaze**. All offer good swimming and lifeguard supervision throughout the summer. You'll need transport to reach Newquay's other beaches. North of Lusty Glaze is **Porth** , a long, narrow beach that's popular with families, followed a couple of miles later by the massive curve of **Watergate Bay** , home to Jamie Oliver's much-vaunted restaurant, Fifteen Cornwall. Two miles north brings you to **Mawgan Porth** , a horseshoe-shaped bay which often stays quieter than its neighbours. You'll find even more beaches to the southwest of Newquay, including the large, sandy, family-friendly beaches of **Crantock** (about 3 miles from town) and **Holywell Bay** (6 miles from town). Blue Reef AquariumAQUARIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01637-878134; www.bluereefaquarium.co.uk/newquay; Towan Promenade; adult/child/family £10/7.75/33.50; h10am-5pm; c) Small aquarium on Towan Beach, with touch-pools and various deep-sea denizens including reef sharks, loggerhead turtles and a giant Pacific octopus. There's a £1 discount for online bookings. Newquay ZooZOO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01637-873342; www.newquayzoo.org.uk; Trenance Gardens; adult/child/family £11.75/9.05/35; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Sep, 10am-5pm Oct-Mar; c) Newquay's miniature zoo isn't a world-beater, but its population of penguins, lemurs, parrots and snakes will keep the kids happy. The Tropical House and Toad Hall are particularly good fun. TrericeHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01637-875404; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/trerice; adult/child £7.65/3.80; hhouse 11am-5pm, gardens 10.30am-5pm) Built in 1751, this Elizabethan manor is most famous for the elaborate barrel-roofed ceiling of the Great Chamber. It's 3.3 miles southeast of Newquay. 2Activities Newquay's brimming with surf schools, but the quality is variable. Choose one that offers small-group sessions, and ideally has a no-stag-party policy. Ask about teachers' accreditation and experience, and whether they travel to beaches other than Fistral – good schools follow the best waves. English Surf SchoolSURFING ( %01637-879571; www.englishsurfschool.com) One of the most experienced and efficient large schools, linked with Rip Curl and staffed by fully English Surfing Federation–approved instructors (including the British team coach). Extreme AcademyADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01637-860840; www.extremeacademy.co.uk; Watergate Bay) A well-organised surf school and water-sports centre with a large base at Watergate Bay. Errant Surf SchoolSURFING ( %07581-397038; www.errantsurfschool.co.uk; Trebarwith Cres) A small, independent surf school which offers small class sizes, friendly tutors and optional one-to-one lessons. Based at the Trebarwith Hotel. Kingsurf Surf SchoolSURFING ( %01637-860091; www.kingsurf.co.uk) A good option if you prefer to avoid the Fistral hustle, this school at Mawgan Porth has five young instructors and gets a tick for personal attention and small class sizes. EboAdventureOUTDOORS ( %0800 781 6861; www.eboadventure.co.uk) Surfing's not the only sport in Newquay – you could also try kitebuggying, kayaking, paddle surfing and coasteering (a mix of rock climbing, scrambling and wild swimming). This multi-activity centre is based at the Penhale Training Camp, at the northern end of Holywell Bay. 4Sleeping Newquay TownhouseB&B ( %01637-620009; www.newquaytownhouse.co.uk; 6 Tower Rd; d £50-70; p W) A great B&B near Newquay's town centre, with bright rooms livened up with stripy cushions and wicker furniture. oScarletHOTEL ( %01637-861600; www.scarlethotel.co.uk; r winter/summer from £155/285; p W s) For out-and-out luxury, Cornwall's fabulously chic, adults-only eco-hotel takes the crown. In a regal location above Mawgan Porth, 5 miles from Newquay, it screams designer style, from the huge sea-view rooms with their funky furniture and minimalist decor to the luxurious spa, complete with meditation lounge, outdoor hot tubs and wild swimming pool. The restaurant's a beauty, too. oBedruthan HotelHOTEL ( %01637-860555; www.bedruthan.com; Mawgan Porth; d from £130; p W s) Run by the same team as the Scarlet, the Bedruthan is a family-friendly version but with the same attention to style and detail. It offers contemporary rooms in bright primary colours, artworks and bold pattern prints, plus villas and apartments for longer stays. Activities aplenty will keep the small ones occupied. 5Eating Café IrieCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01637-859200; www.cafeirie.co.uk; 38 Fore St; lunch £3-8; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) A surfer's favourite in the centre of Newquay, perfect for hot chocolate, sticky cakes and jacket spuds after hitting the waves. Beach HutBISTRO ( %01637-860877; Watergate Bay; mains £10-18; h9am-9pm) Lodged beneath Jamie Oliver's Fifteen Cornwall, this beachside bistro is a great bet for simple surf 'n' turf: sticky pork ribs, 'extreme' burgers and a different fish every day. Lewinnick LodgeGASTROPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01637-878117; www.lewinnicklodge.co.uk; Pentire Head, Newquay; Mains £10 - £20 ; h08:00 to 23:00 ) Perched on the dramatic outcrop of Pentire Head, the Lewinnick is a super lunch spot. The wraparound views over the clifftops are the main selling point here, but there's a decent choice of gourmet burgers, mussels and Thai-style salads on the menu. Fifteen CornwallITALIAN ( %01637-861000; www.fifteencornwall.com; Watergate Bay; lunch/dinner menu £28/60; h8.30am-10am, noon-2.30pm & 6.15-9.15pm) Owned by celeb chef and self-marketing mogul Jamie Oliver, this restaurant on Watergate Bay serves Jamie's trademark Italian food while simultaneously training young apprentices. The vibe is relaxed and the beach view is stunning, but the prices are on the high side. 6Drinking & Nightlife Newquay's town centre gets rowdy on Friday and Saturday nights. ChyBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thekoola.com/the-chy-bar; 12 Beach Rd; h 9am-11pm) Chrome, wood and leather dominate this cafe-bar overlooking Towan Beach. The action continues till late at the Koola nightclub downstairs. CentralPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 11 Central Sq; h11am-midnight Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat) As its name suggests, this pre-club pub is in the heart of town, and is usually packed at weekends. 8Information Newquay Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01637-854020; www.visitnewquay.com; Marcus Hill; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, to 12.30pm Sun) 8Getting There & Away The 585/586 is the fastest bus service to Truro (50 minutes, twice hourly Monday to Saturday), while the hourly 587 (£3.40 to any stop on the route) follows the coast via Crantock (14 minutes), Holywell Bay (25 minutes) and Perranporth (50 minutes). There are trains every couple of hours on the branch line between Newquay and Par (£4.50, 45 minutes) on the main London–Penzance line. Newquay AirportAIRPORT ( %01637-860600; www.newquaycornwallairport.com) Five miles from town, Newquay's airport currently offers direct flights to Belfast, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle and London Gatwick. Bus 556 (22 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) runs from the bus station. A taxi will cost from £15 to £25. ### Perranporth to Porthtowan Southwest of Newquay, Cornwall's craggy northern coastline dips and curves through a stunning panorama of wild, sea-smacked cliffs and golden bays, including the family-friendly beach of Perranporth, the old mining town of St Agnes and the surfy hang-out of Porthtowan. 1Sights Perranporth BeachBEACH ( c) Perranporth's huge, flat, sandy beach is popular with bucket-and-spading families and surfers alike. It's over a mile long, backed by dunes and rocky cliffs, and usually has space even on the busiest days. It's home to the Watering Hole. oChapel PorthCOVE ( p) Two miles from St Agnes is one of Cornwall's most beautiful coves, Chapel Porth, a wild, rocky beach framed by steep, gorse-covered cliffs, owned by the National Trust. Above the cove is the ruined engine stack of **Wheal Coates** , which still boasts its chimney and winding house, from where the coast path winds all the way to the blustery outcrop of **St Agnes Head**. Trevaunance CoveCOVE St Agnes' main beach is great for paddling and rock-pooling, and has old-fashioned beach huts to change in. Koru Kayaking runs trips from the cove. Blue Hills Tin StreamsEXHIBITION ( %01872-553341; www.bluehillstin.com; adult/child £6.50/3; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat mid-Apr–mid-Oct) A mile east of St Agnes (signed to Wheal Kitty) is the rocky valley of **Trevellas** , home to one of Cornwall's last tin manufacturers where you can watch the whole tinning process, from mining and smelting through to casting and finishing. Handmade jewellery is sold in the shop. #### DON'T MISS ### GWITHIAN & GODREVY TOWANS Four miles' drive east of St Ives across the Hayle Estuary, the dune-backed flats of Gwithian and Godrevy unfurl in a glimmering golden curve that joins together at low tide to form Hayle's '3 miles of golden sand'. This is one of Cornwall's most glorious beach panoramas, fringed by hectares of rockpools and grassy dunes (known in Cornish as _towans_ ) and, at the northern end, the lighthouse that inspired Virginia Woolf's stream-of-consciousness classic, _To The Lighthouse_. Don't miss it. There are several good cafes nearby, including the timber-framed Godrevy Cafe ( %01736-757999; www.godrevycafe.com; lunch £6-10; h10am-5pm), as well as an excellent farm shop, Trevaskis Farm ( %01209-713931; www.trevaskisfarm.co.uk; 12 Gwinear Rd, Hayle; h9am-6pm Jun-Aug, to 5pm Sep-May). 5Eating & Drinking oNo 4 PetervilleBISTRO ( %01872-554245; Peterville Sq, St Agnes; mains £12-16.95; h7-10.30pm Wed-Sat, 10am-1pm Sat & Sun) An impressive address at the bottom of St Agnes that's earned a loyal following with its continental-style bistro food: whole plaice with curried mussel butter, or rib-eye steak with rosemary-salted fries. Pine tables and kilner-jar candles continue the dining-with-friends atmosphere. Chapel Porth CafeCAFE (Chapel Porth; sandwiches & cakes £2-4; h10am-5pm) The Chapel Porth Cafe is a local institution, serving hot chocolate, cheesy baguettes and the house speciality, hedgehog ice-cream (vanilla ice-cream topped with clotted cream and hazelnuts). Driftwood SparsPUB ( %01872-552428; www.driftwoodspars.com; Trevaunance Cove, St Agnes; mains £8-16; h11am-11pm; p) This classic old inn by Trevaunance Cove has something to suit all-comers: home-brewed beers, good pub food, and nautically themed upstairs rooms. Bolingey InnPUB ( %01872-571626; Penwartha Rd, Bolingey; mains £10-16; hnoon-11pm) The ivy-covered Bolingey Inn is the best pub around Perranporth for food, and has a valley location about 2 miles' drive inland. Blue BarBAR, BISTRO ( %01209-890329; www.blue-bar.co.uk; Porthtowan; mains £8-16; h10am-11pm) For a seaside sundowner or a lunchtime snack by the sand, this Porthtowan cafe is tough to beat (unfortunately everyone knows about it, so arrive early). Watering HoleBAR (www.the-wateringhole.co.uk; Perranporth Beach) One of Cornwall's oldest beach bars, the Watering Hole, which was nearly washed away during heavy storms in 2014. 8Getting There & Away First bus 85 travels at least hourly between Truro and St Agnes (£2.50). Western Greyhound's bus 587 runs twice an hour from Truro to St Agnes (£1.70), and then continues from St Agnes to Perranporth (£2.20) and Newquay (£3.40). ### St Ives Pop 9870 Even if you've seen St Ives many times before, it's still hard not to be dazzled as you gaze across its improbably pretty jumble of slate roofs, church towers and turquoise bays. Once a busy pilchard harbour, St Ives later became the centre of Cornwall's arts scene in the 1920s and '30s, and the town is still an artistic centre, with numerous galleries and craft shops lining its winding cobbled streets, as well as the southwestern outpost of the renowned Tate Museum. St Ives 1Top Sights 1Tate St IvesA2 1Sights 2Barbara Hepworth MuseumB3 3Porthgwidden BeachD1 4Porthmeor BeachA2 5Porthminster BeachD5 2Activities, Courses & Tours 6St Ives BoatsB3 4Sleeping 7Little Leaf Guest HouseA5 8Tide HouseB5 9TreliskaB4 10Trevose Harbour HouseC5 5Eating 11AlbaB3 12AlfrescoB3 13Blas BurgerworksB4 14Pengenna PastiesB4 15Porthminster Beach CaféC5 16Rum & Crab ShackB3 17SeagrassC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 18HubB3 19Sloop InnC2 3Entertainment 20GuildhallB4 1Sights & Activities The largest town beaches are Porthmeor ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) and Porthminster ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), both of which have sand and space aplenty. Between them juts the grassy promontory known as the **Island** , topped by the tiny pre-14th-century Chapel of St Nicholas ( GOOGLE MAP ) ). On the peninsula's east side is the little cove of Porthgwidden ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), often a good place to escape the crowds. oTate St IvesGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796226; www.tate.org.uk/stives; Porthmeor Beach; adult/child £7/4.50, with Barbara Hepworth Museum £10/6; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Hovering like a concrete curl above Porthmeor Beach, St Ives' celebrated art museum focuses on the key artists of the 'St Ives School', including luminary names such as Terry Frost, Patrick Heron, Naum Gabo, Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth, displayed alongside more contemporary artists. Of particular local interest are the naive works of fisherman-turned-artist Alfred Wallis, who didn't start painting until the ripe old age of 67. The top-floor cafe has super views over Porthmeor Beach. Barbara Hepworth MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796226; Barnoon Hill; adult/child £6/4, with Tate St Ives £10/6; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Barbara Hepworth (1903–75) was one of the leading abstract sculptors of the 20th century and a key figure in the St Ives art scene. Her studio on Barnoon Hill has remained almost untouched since her death and the adjoining garden contains several of her most notable sculptures. Hepworth's work is scattered throughout St Ives; look for works outside the Guildhall and inside the 15th-century parish church of St Ia. St Ives BoatsBOATING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0777 300 8000; www.stivesboats.co.uk; adult/child £10/8) From the harbourfront, several operators including St Ives Boats offer fishing trips and scenic cruises, including to the grey seal colony on Seal Island. If you're really lucky, you might even spot a porpoise or a basking shark in summer. 4Sleeping No 1 St IvesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-799047; www.no1stives.co.uk; 1 Fern Glen; d £95-139; p W) Despite its pretentious 'bouchique' tag, this 19th-century granite cottage is still one of the nicest B&Bs in St Ives. Rooms vary in size, but all sport the same palette of cool greys and off-whites, and have extra spoils such as filtered water, goose-down duvets, iPod docks and White Company bath-stuffs. It's five minutes' walk from town, but there's only space for four cars. Little Leaf Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-795427; www.littleleafguesthouse.co.uk; Park Ave; r £65-120; W) A friendly and cosy five-roomer, on a terrace overlooking the town's rooftops. Rooms are sweet and simple, finished in creamy colours and pine furniture. Ask for rooms 2 or 5 if you're after a sea view. Gekko LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796591; www.gekkolodge.co.uk; 7 Carthew Tce; d £70-90) A bit of a find, this one: a pebble-dash Victorian house with just two rooms, both of which are enormous and have sea views through bay windows. The style is contemporary, with futon-style beds and funky circular sinks. TreliskaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-797678; www.treliska.com; 3 Bedford Rd; d £60-80; W) This B&B is a bargain in pricey St Ives, especially given the location, just steps from the town centre. The trade-off is the room size: most are on the small side (ask for No 5 if it's space you're after). oTide HouseHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-791803; www.thetidehouse.co.uk; Skidden Hill; d £140-240) Even in increasingly chi-chi St Ives, this beautiful hotel feels unusually special. It has everything going for it: 16th-century building, harbourside location, gorgeous design and seriously luxurious rooms (all named after Cornish lighthouses), ranging from a romantic penthouse to a split-level mezzanine. Definitely the place to push the boat out. Trevose Harbour HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-793267; www.trevosehouse.co.uk; 22 The Warren; d £140-195; W) A stylish six-room town house on the winding Warren, restored with a sea-themed combo of fresh whites and stripy blues. It's been beautifully finished – Neal's Yard bathstuffs, iPod docks and retro design pieces in the rooms, plus a book-lined lounge and minimalist courtyard patio – but the rooms are quite small given the price. BoskerrisHOTEL ( %01736-795295; www.boskerrishotel.co.uk; Boskerris Rd, Carbis Bay; d £130-265; p W) In nearby Carbis Bay, this upmarket mini-hotel feels elegantly uncluttered, contrasting cool monotones with snazzy design features: pattern-print bedsteads, scatter cushions, minimalist ceramic sinks. The decked patio is an absolute beauty, with grandstand views over the bay. 5Eating Blas BurgerworksCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-797-272; The Warren; burgers £5-10; hnoon-9.30pm) S A fantastic boutique burger joint, with an eco-friendly manifesto and an imaginative menu. Go for a 6oz Classic Blasburger, or branch out with a guacamole and corn salsa–topped Rancheros, or a Smokey with beetroot, aged cheddar and homemade piccalilli (plenty of veggie options, too). The owners also run the excellent Halsetown Inn ( %01736-795583; www.halsetowninn.co.uk), just outside St Ives. Pengenna PastiesBAKERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pengennapasties.co.uk; 9 High St; pasties £3-4; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) Generously-stuffed pasties, with a controversial top crimp and flakier texture. oPorthminster Beach CaféBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-795352; www.porthminstercafe.co.uk; Porthminster Beach; mains £10.50-16.50, dinner £10-22; h9am-10pm) This is no ordinary beach cafe: it's a full-blown bistro with a gorgeous suntrap terrace and a superb Mediterranean-influenced menu, specialising in seafood. Tuck into rich bouillabaisse, seafood curry or Provençal fish soup, and settle back to enjoy the breezy beach vistas. Rum & Crab ShackSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796353; Wharf Rd; mains £9.95-12.95; h9am-9pm; c) If the thought of cracking your own spider crab and eating it from the shell appeals, then this place will be happy to oblige (aprons and tools are provided). Alternatively, you could just tackle the claws, or tuck into a plate of seafood gumbo or scrowlers on toast (aka sardines). Great fun, and great food to match. AlbaMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-797222; www.thealbarestaurant.com; Old Lifeboat House; 2-/3-course dinner menu £16.95/19.95; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm) In a converted boathouse near the lifeboat station, this long-standing restaurant has been consistently turning out some of the town's top food for many years. With its banquette seats and sharp decor, it feels classy, especially if you get one of the prime tables next to the panoramic window. The menu is a mix of British and European flavours. AlfrescoBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-793737; info@alfrescocafebar.co.uk; The Wharf; 2-/3-course dinner menu £16.95; hdinner 7-9pm daily, lunch noon-3pm Thu & Fri) Sliding doors onto the quayside allow this tiny restaurant to make the most of its harbourside position, and when the sun's shining it feels positively continental. The Alfresco fish stew is particularly recommended. SeagrassMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-793763; www.seagrass-stives.com; Fish St; 2-/3-course menu £16.95/19.95; h6-9pm) A popular, small bistro just off the wharf, focusing mainly on local seafood – there's a special Oyster and Shells menu, featuring langoustines, whole crab, lobster and oysters. 6Drinking & Entertainment HubCAFE, BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hub-stives.co.uk; The Wharf; h9am-11pm) The open-plan Hub is the heart of St Ives' (limited) nightlife: coffee and burgers by day, cocktails after-dark. Sloop InnINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796584; www.sloop-inn.co.uk; The Wharf; h11am-11pm) This beam-ceilinged boozer is as comfy as an old pair of slippers, with a few tables on the harbour and lots of local ales. GuildhallCONCERT VENUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 Street-an-Pol) St Ives' concert hall hosts music and theatre, especially during the annual **St Ives September Festival** (www.stivesseptemberfestival.co.uk). 8Information St Ives Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-796297; www.stivestic.co.uk; Street-an-Pol; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Inside the Guildhall. 8Getting There & Away The branch train line from St Ives is worth taking just for the coastal views: trains terminate at St Erth (£3, 14 minutes, half-hourly), where you can catch connections along the Penzance–London Paddington main line. A **Bus 17/17A** (£4, 30 minutes, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday) The quickest route to Penzance. A **Bus 16/16A** (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday) Round the coast road to Penzance; only the 16A travels via Zennor. ### Zennor & St Just The twisting B3306 from St Ives is a rollercoaster of a road, winding through a stark landscape of ancient drystone walls, barren moorland, tiny villages and rocky bluffs. The landscape here feels wild and ancient, a world away from some of Cornwall's more gentrified corners. 1Sights Church of St SenaraCHURCH (Zennor) This little church in the hamlet of Zennor dates from at least 1150. Inside, a famous carved chair depicts the legendary Mermaid of Zennor, who is said to have fallen in love with the singing voice of local lad Matthew Trewhella. Locals say you can still sometimes hear them singing down at nearby Pendour Cove – and even if you don't, the views along the coast path are reward enough. oGeevor Tin MineMINE ( %01736-788662; www.geevor.com; adult/child £11/6.50; h9am-5pm Sun-Fri Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Just north of St Just near Pendeen, this historic mine closed in 1990 and now provides a powerful insight into the dark, dingy and dangerous conditions in which Cornwall's miners worked. Above ground, you can view the dressing floors and the original machinery used to sort the minerals and ores, before taking a guided tour into some of the underground shafts. Claustrophobes need not apply. Botallack MineRUIN, MINE Clinging to the cliffs near Levant, this dramatic engine house has abandoned mine shafts extending right out beneath the raging Atlantic waves. It's a treacherous climb down, so it's best viewed from a distance from nearby **Botallack Head**. Levant Mine & Beam EngineHISTORIC SITE (www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-levantmineandbeamengine; adult/child £6.60/3.30; h11am-5pm Sun-Fri) At this clifftop site, one of the world's only working beam engines is still in thunderous action. Built in 1840, these great engines were the powerhouses behind the Cornish mining boom, powering mineral trains and pumping water from the shafts. Lovingly restored by a team of enthusiasts, it's a sight to behold when it's in full steam. Cape CornwallLANDMARK Jutting out from the cliffs near St Just is Cornwall's only 'official' cape, a craggy finger of land topped by an abandoned minestack. Below the cape is the rocky beach of **Priest's Cove** , while nearby are the ruins of **St Helen's Oratory** , supposedly one of the first Christian chapels built in West Cornwall. 4Sleeping & Eating Tinner's ArmsINN ( %01736-792697; www.tinnersarms.com; Zennor; s/d £60/100, mains £10-16; p) An old Cornish inn, complete with slate roof, roaring fireplaces, gleaming bar taps and a refreshing lack of commercial clutter (no TV, no jukebox, no mobile signal). Next door, the 'White House' provides fresh, spotless rooms. DH Lawrence drank here while he was writing _Women in Love_. oGurnard's HeadBRITISH ( %01736-796928; www.gurnardshead.co.uk; mains £10-18.50, r £105-170; p W #) On the road between Zennor and St Just, you can't miss the Gurnard's – it's name is written on the roof. Run by the Inkin brothers (who also own Mousehole's Old Coastguard Hotel) this is a perfect country pub, with old-fashioned rooms, book-lined shelves and sepia prints conjuring a cosy, lived-in feel. It's renowned for its delicious, classic British food. 8Getting There & Away St Just is 6 miles north of Land's End. A **Bus 16A** (£4, three or four daily Monday to Saturday) Travels from St Ives via Zennor to Penzance. A **Bus 10/10A** (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday, six on Sunday) Circular route from Penzance via Madron, St Just and Botallack. #### DON'T MISS ### MINACK THEATRE & PORTHCURNO In terms of theatrical settings, the Minack ( %01736-810181; www.minack.com) takes top billing. Carved into the crags overlooking Porthcurno Bay and the azure-blue Atlantic, this amazing clifftop amphitheatre was the lifelong passion of local lady Rowena Cade, who dreamt up the idea in the 1930s and oversaw the theatre until her death in 1983. It's now a hugely popular place for alfresco theatre, with a 17-week season running from mid-May to mid-September. Experienced theatre-goers bring wine, picnic supplies, wet-weather gear and – most importantly, considering the seats are carved out of granite – a comfy cushion. Above the theatre, the visitor centre (adult/child £3.50/1.40; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Oct-Mar) recounts the theatre's history. It's closed when there's a matinée. Below the theatre, the sandy wedge of **Porthcurno** is great for swimming and sunbathing, and the lesser-known beach of **Pednvounder** nearby is good if you like to sunbathe au naturel – it's one of Cornwall's few naturist beaches. Inland, the newly redeveloped Porthcurno Telegraph Museum ( %01736-810966; www.porthcurno.org.uk; adult/child £8.50/5; h10am-5pm) recounts the area's role as Britain's first hub for transatlantic telecommunications. The Minack is 3 miles from Land's End and 9 miles from Penzance. Bus 1/1A from Penzance stops several times daily. ### Sennen & Land's End Beyond St Ives, the coastline gets ever wilder and emptier as you near Cornwall's tip at **Land's End** , the westernmost point of mainland England, where the coal-black cliffs plunge into the pounding surf, and the views stretch all the way to the Isles of Scilly on a clear day. Unfortunately, the decision to build the Legendary Land's End (www.landsend-landmark.co.uk; adult/child £10/7; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct; c) theme park on the headland in the 1980s hasn't done much to enhance the view. Take our advice: just pay for the car park, skip the tacky multimedia shows and opt for an exhilarating clifftop stroll instead. Look out for the slender profile of the historic **Longships Lighthouse** , perched on a rocky reef 1.25 miles out to sea. From Land's End, you can follow the coast path west to the secluded cove of **Nanjizal Bay** , or east to the old harbour of **Sennen** , which overlooks the glorious – and appropriately named – beach of **Whitesand Bay** (actually pronounced Whitsand), the area's most impressive stretch of sand. Land's End is 9 miles from Penzance. Bus 1/1A travels from Penzance (£5, one hour, six daily Monday to Saturday) to Land's End; 1 goes via Sennen, while the 1A travels via Treen and Porthcurno. ### Mousehole Pop 697 With a tight tangle of cottages and alleyways gathered behind the granite breakwater, Mousehole (pronounced 'mowzle') looks like something from a children's storybook (a fact not unnoticed by the author Antonia Barber, who set her much-loved fairy-tale _The Mousehole Cat_ here). In centuries past this was Cornwall's busiest pilchard port, but the fish dried up at the turn of the century, and the village now survives mostly on tourist traffic. Packed in summer and deserted in winter, it's ripe for a wander, with a maze of slips, net-lofts and courtyards. It's also well-known for its Christmas lights, and as the home of 'stargazey pie', a pilchard pie in which the fish heads are left poking through the pie's crust. It's traditionally eaten on Tom Bawcock's Eve (23 December), named after a local lad who reputedly rescued the town from a famine by braving stormy seas to land a bumper haul of pilchards. The Old Coastguard Hotel ( %01736-731222; www.oldcoastguardhotel.co.uk; d £120-245, mains £11-15; p W #) is the pick of the places to stay, a swanky seaside hotel with to-die-for sea views on the edge of Mousehole. Bus 6 makes the 20-minute journey (£3) to Penzance half-hourly. ### Penzance Pop 21,168 Overlooking the sweep of Mount's Bay, the old harbour of Penzance has a salty, sea-blown charm that feels altogether more authentic than many of Cornwall's polished-up ports. Its streets and shopping arcades still feel real and a touch ramshackle, and there's nowhere better for a windy-day walk than the town's seafront Victorian promenade. The nearby harbour of **Newlyn** is still home to Cornwall's largest fishing fleet. Penzance 1Sights 1ExchangeC2 2Penlee House Gallery & MuseumB2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 3Jubilee PoolD3 4Sleeping 4Artist Residence PenzanceC2 5Venton VeanA3 5Eating 6Archie Brown'sB2 7BakehouseC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 8Turk's HeadC2 9Zero LoungeC2 3Entertainment 10Acorn Arts CentreB2 1Sights & Activities Penlee House Gallery & MuseumGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.penleehouse.org.uk; Morrab Rd; adult/child £4.50/3; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Sep, 10.30am-4.30pm Oct-Easter) Penzance's historic art gallery displays paintings by artists of the Newlyn School (including Stanhope Forbes) and hosts regular exhibitions. Admission is free on Saturday. ExchangeGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theexchangegallery.co.uk; Princes St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Sep, Wed-Sat Oct-Easter) F Housed in Penzance's former telecoms building, this gallery hosts regular exhibitions of contemporary art. It's the sister gallery to the Newlyn Art Gallery ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.newlynartgallery.co.uk; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Sep, Wed-Sat Oct-Easter), a mile west along Penzance's prom. TrengwaintonGARDENS (NT; %01736-363148; trengwainton@nationaltrust.org.uk; Madron; adult/child £6.80/3.40; h10am-5pm Sun-Thu mid-Feb–Nov) Two miles north of Penzance near Madron is the walled garden of Trengwainton, which has a subtropical collection of ferns, shrubs, magnolias and rhododendrons. Jubilee PoolSWIMMING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jubileepool.co.uk) At the eastern end of town is Penzance's 1930s seawater lido. It's usually open in summer, but at the time of writing it was closed due to storm damage – check the website for news. #### DON'T MISS ### ST MICHAEL'S MOUNT oSt Michael's MountLANDMARK (NT; %01736-710507; www.stmichaelsmount.co.uk; adult/child £8.75/4.25; hhouse 10.30am-5.30pm Sun-Fri late Mar-Oct, gardens Mon-Fri Apr-Jun, Thu & Fri Jul-Sep) Looming from the waters of Mount's Bay and connected to the mainland via a cobbled causeway, this abbey-crowned island is an unforgettable sight. There's been a monastery here since at least the 5th century, but the present abbey was mostly built by Benedictine monks during the 12th century. Highlights include the rococo **drawing room** , the **armoury** , the 14th-century **churc** h and the amazing clifftop **gardens**. Though owned by the St Aubyn family, the abbey is run by the National Trust. Recent excavations including a Bronze Age axe head, dagger and metal clasp have proved the island has been inhabited since ancient times. You can catch the ferry (adult/child £2/1) from nearby Marazion at high tide, but it's worth timing your arrival for low tide so you can walk across the causeway, just as the monks and pilgrims did centuries ago. The 13/13A bus shuttles between Marazion and Penzance (£2) three times a day. 4Sleeping Penzance has lots of low-price B&Bs, especially along Alexandra Rd and Morrab Rd. Penzance YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9653; penzance@yha.org.uk; Castle Horneck, Alverton; dm £15-20; p i) Penzance's YHA is inside an 18th-century house on the edge of town. It's a rambling place, with a cafe, laundry and four- to 10-bed dorms. It's a 15-minute walk from the front; buses 5 and 6 stop nearby. oVenton VeanB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-351294; www.ventonvean.co.uk; Trewithen Rd; r £80-95; W) The picture of a modern B&B, finished in greys, blues and pistachios, with stripped wood floors and a keen eye for design. Rooms 1 and 2 are the most spacious; the former overlooks Penlee Memorial Park. The sumptuous breakfast choice includes smoked pollack and Spanish tortillas. Artist Residence PenzanceB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-365664; www.arthotelcornwall.co.uk; Chapel St; d £105-145; W) This quirky B&B on Chapel St is like sleeping inside an art gallery. All the rooms have their own design courtesy of a local artist: street-art murals by Jo Peel, seascapes by Pinky Vision, butterfly wallpapers by Dolly Divine. They're furnished with retro furniture and most peep across Penzance's rooftops. Great fun. Hotel PenzanceHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-363117; www.hotelpenzance.com; Briton's Hill; d £140-205; W) Perched on a hill with views across Mount's Bay, this town-house hotel makes a pleasant Penzance base. Bedrooms are staid in style, with cream-and-magnolia colours, varnished desks and vintage lamps: the best have bay windows looking out to sea. The hotel's restaurant, the Bay, serves quality food. 5Eating Archie Brown'sCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-362828; Bread St; mains £4-10; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) A wholefood cafe and health shop, serving quiches, homity pies and salads to Penzance's arty crowd. oTolcarne InnPUB ( %01736-363074; www.tolcarneinn.co.uk; Tolcarne Pl, Newlyn; mains £12-18; hnoon-2.15pm & 7-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-2.15pm Sun) This old Newlyn inn is run by talented local chef Ben Tunnicliffe, who's fast turned it into the area's primo gastropub. The ethos is refreshingly honest – top-quality fish, seafood and locally sourced meat, served with minimal fuss. Bookings advisable, especially for Sunday lunch. Ben's Cornish KitchenBRITISH ( %01736-719200; www.benscornishkitchen.com; Marazion; mains £14-23; hnoon-2pm, & 7-8.30pm Tue-Sat; v) You could easily miss Ben Prior's restaurant as you zip along Marazion's main street, but you'd be sorry. Diners travel from far and wide to taste his classical cooking, which focuses on meaty Cornish flavours with a French influence. It's so popular he's recently expanded upstairs. BakehouseMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01736-331331; www.bakehouserestaurant.co.uk; Chapel St; mains £8.95-19.50; h6.15-10pm Mon-Sat) Down an alley off Chapel St, this no-nonsense bistro serves unpretentious food such as fish served with Med-style marinades, and steaks with spicy rubs. 6Drinking & Entertainment Turk's HeadPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Chapel St; h11am-11pm) This salty old boozer could have tumbled from the pages of _Treasure Island_. The bar's covered in maritime memorabilia, and it's said a secret smugglers' tunnel links the pub to the harbour. Zero LoungeBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Chapel St; h11am-11pm) More urban chic than olde worlde, this open-plan bar also has the town's best beer garden. Acorn Arts CentreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.acornartscentre.co.uk; Parade St) Small theatre hosting film, theatre, comedy and gigs. 8Getting There & Away Bus Local destinations include: A **Helston and Falmouth** Bus 2/2A (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday, six on Sunday) via Marazion. A **St Ives** Buses 17/17A/17B (£4, 30 minutes, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday). Train Penzance is the last stop on the line from London Paddington. A **Exeter** (£19.80, three hours) A **London Paddington** (£60.50, 5½ hours) A **Truro** (£6.40, 30 minutes) ### The Lizard Once notorious as a smugglers' haven and an ill-famed graveyard for ships, the rugged Lizard Peninsula offers Cornwall's wildest coastal panoramas. Wind-lashed in winter, in summer its heaths and cliffs blaze with wildflowers, and its numerous beaches and coves are perfect for a bracing swim. The main town is **Helston** , which is famous for its annual street party, **Flora Day** , held on 8 May. Pretty villages are dotted all round the peninsula's coastline: the old harbour of **Coverack** , the beaches of **Mullion** and the idyllic thatched-cottage cove of **Cadgwith** are all well worth a visit. Along the peninsula's northern edge runs the Helford River, lined by creeks and inlets which famously inspired Daphne du Maurier's smuggling yarn, _Frenchman's Creek_. Several local companies offer kayaking tours. 1Sights & Activities Lizard Lighthouse Heritage CentreMUSEUM ( %01326-290202; www.lizardlighthouse.co.uk; adult/child £2.75/1.75; h11am-5pm Sun-Thu Mar-Oct) Housed in a 1751 lighthouse above Lizard Point, this museum contains exhibits on seafaring and shipwrecks, and you can take guided tours (adult/child £7/4) into the tower to see the lamp room and foghorn. oKynance CoveBEACH A mile north of Lizard Point, this National Trust–owned inlet is a showstopper, studded with offshore islands rising out of searingly blue seas. The cliffs around the cove are rich in serpentine, a red-green rock popular with Victorian trinket-makers. Drinks and snacks are available at the eco-friendly cafe (www.kynancecovecafe.co.uk; mains £8-14). National Seal SanctuaryWILDLIFE RESERVE ( %0871-423 2110; www.sealsanctuary.co.uk; adult/child £14.40/12; h10am-5pm May-Sep, 9am-4pm Oct-Apr) Towards the northwest of the Lizard Peninsula, this sanctuary cares for sick and orphaned seals washed up along the Cornish coastline before returning them to the wild. Koru KayakingKAYAKING ( %07794-321827; www.korukayaking.co.uk; 2hr trip £35) Kayaking trips to Frenchman's Creek from the north bank of the Helford River, as well as from Trevaunance Cove near St Agnes. Aberfal Outdoor PursuitsKAYAKING ( %07968-770756; www.aberfaloutdoorpursuits.co.uk; half/full day £35/50) Half- and full-day guided kayaking trips along the Helford on sit-on-top kayaks. 4Sleeping & Eating Lizard YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9550; www.yha.org.uk; dm £17-22; hApr-Oct) The old lighthouse-keeper's cottage at the heritage centre has now been turned into the UK's most southerly hostel, the Lizard Point YHA. Ann's PastiesBRITISH ( %01326-290889; www.annspasties.co.uk; pasties £2.85; h9am-3pm Mon-Sat) Approved by Rick Stein, no less, Ann Muller serves huge, traditional pasties from her tiny shop near Lizard Point. Roskilly'sICE CREAM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; The Harbour; ice-cream £2-3; h9am-5pm) Harbourside outlet for the Lizard's renowned ice-cream maker. oKotaRESTAURANT ( %01326-562407; www.kotarestaurant.co.uk; 2-course menu £17.50, mains £12-20; h12.30-2.30pm & 6-9pm) New Zealander Jude Kereama takes his culinary inspiration from his globetrotting travels, and his menu is spiced with exotic flavours, from Szechuan to Thai and Malaysian. His main restaurant is in a converted mill in Porthleven, 3 miles south of Helston. He also has a new cafe-bistro, Kota Kai ( %01326-574411; www.kotakai.co.uk; mains £11.50-14.95; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-9.30pm; W), along the quay. Halzephron InnPUB ( %01326-240406; www.halzephron-inn.co.uk; mains £9.95-21.95; h11am-11pm) On the cliffs above the cove of Gunwalloe, 5 miles south of Helston, this is a proper Cornish local, whitewashed and slate-topped, with brassy trinkets above the bar, beams on the ceiling and a menu of beer-battered fish and surf-and-turf steak. 8Getting There & Away Services include: A **Bus 2** Penzance to Falmouth, with stops at Porthleven and Helston (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday, six on Sunday). A **Bus 36** Helston to Gunwalloe, Gweek, Coverack and St Keverne (£3, three or four daily Monday to Saturday). A **Bus 37** Helston to Mullion (£3) and the Lizard (£5, every two hours Monday to Saturday, four on Sunday). A **Bus 82** (£5, one hour, hourly, five on Sunday) Helston to Truro. ### Falmouth & Around Pop 20,775 The world's third-deepest natural harbour, Falmouth made its fortune during the 18th and 19th centuries, when clippers, trading vessels and mail packets stopped off here to unload their cargoes. The town is still an important centre for ship repairs, although these days it's also a lively student town thanks to the ever-expanding campus of University College Falmouth in nearby Penryn. It's an ideal base for exploring Cornwall's south coast, with a wealth of bars and bistros, a trio of beaches and the nation's foremost maritime museum on its doorstep. 1Sights Falmouth has three beaches. Nearest to town is busy **Gyllyngvase** , a short walk from the town centre, where there's lots of sand and the lively Gylly Beach Café. Around the headland is little **Swanpool** , while **Maenporth** is another mile further west. The 500 bus stops at all three in summer. National Maritime MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-313388; www.nmmc.co.uk; Discovery Quay; adult/child £11.50/8; h10am-5pm) This is the sister outpost to the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. It focuses on Falmouth's history as a seafaring port, supplemented by regular nautically themed exhibitions. At the heart of the complex is the impressive **Flotilla Gallery** , where an array of small boats is suspended from the ceiling on steel wires. From the top floor of the **Lookout tower** , there's a 360-degree panorama across Falmouth Bay. Pendennis CastleCASTLE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-316594; adult/child £7/4.20; h10am-6pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm Apr-Jun & Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) Designed to work in tandem with its sister castle in St Mawes, out across the estuary, this Tudor castle sits proudly on Pendennis Point, and was designed as part of Henry VIII's massive castle-building program to reinforce England's coastline. You can wander around several of the castle floors and the Tudor gun deck, as well as the Governor's bedroom, a WWI guardhouse and the WWII-era Half-Moon Battery. Listen out for the Noonday Gun blasting out at midday. #### WORTH A TRIP ### TREBAH & GLENDURGAN GARDENS Two of Cornwall's great subtropical gardens sit side by side along the northern bank of the River Helford. First planted in 1840, Trebah ( %01326-252200; www.trebahgarden.co.uk; adult/child £9/3; h10.30am-4.30pm) is dramatically situated in a steep ravine filled with giant rhododendrons, huge Brazilian rhubarb plants and jungle ferns. Next-door Glendurgan (NT; %01326-250906; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/glendurgan-garden; adult/child £7.20/3.60; h10.30am-5.30pm Tue-Sun) was established around the same time by the wealthy Fox family, and is now owned by the National Trust. It has amazing views of the River Helford, as well as an original yew-tree maze and a secluded beach near Durgan village. They're about 4 miles from Falmouth: head for Mawnan Smith and follow the signs. 4Sleeping Falmouth Lodge BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-319996; www.falmouthbackpackers.co.uk; 9 Gyllyngvase Tce; dm/s £19/26, d £28-35) In a mock-Tudor house at the top of town, this friendly hostel makes a fun budget stay. Rooms are small but clean and cosy, there's an Aga in the kitchen and a DVD lounge, and owner Judi often holds impromptu BBQs for guests. Highcliffe Contemporary B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-314466; www.highcliffefalmouth.com; 22 Melvill Rd; s £45-55, d £75-130; W) Vintage furniture and upcycled design pieces give each of the rooms here its own individual feel. The pick of the bunch is the light-filled Attic Penthouse, with skylight windows overlooking Falmouth Bay. Room service breakfasts are served in picnic baskets, or you can tuck into pancakes and Hog's pudding in the dining room. BosannethB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-314649; www.bosanneth.co.uk; Gyllyngvase Hill; d from £90; W) There's a mix-and-match decorative vibe running through this eight-room B&B. Some of the rooms feel vintage, with old mirrors, reclaimed furniture and classic colours, while others go for a more up-to-date look. The 'oasis' garden is a particular delight. GreenbankHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-312440; www.greenbank-hotel.co.uk; Harbourside; r £99-245; p W) The queen of Falmouth's old hotels, with a knockout position overlooking the boat-filled estuary towards Flushing. It feels rather like the setting for an Agatha Christie novel – nautical knick-knacks and ships in cabinets dot the public areas, and tall windows look out onto the water. The rooms are more modern, decorated in inoffensive beiges and creams. Sea views command premium prices. 5Eating oOliver'sBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-218138; www.oliversfalmouth.com; 33 High St; mains £12.50-20.50; hnoon-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Sat) Run by chef Ken Oliver, this little bistro is the place everyone wants to dine in Falmouth, but the tiny dining room means you'll have to book well ahead. White walls and pine tables provide a stripped-back match for Ken's no-fuss, Mediterranean-inspired food. Local foragers provide many ingredients. WheelhouseSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-318050; Upton Slip; mains £8-15; h6-10pm Wed-Sat) Hidden down a narrow alley, this backstreet shellfish bar is another Falmouth favourite. The dining here is DIY: crab, scallops, mussels and lobsters are served shell-on, complete with cracking tools. There are two sittings, but both are always packed out – book well ahead. Courtyard DeliDELI, CAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326 319526; http:courtyarddeli.wordpress.com; 2 Bells Court; mains £8-12; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Wed, to 9.30pm Thu-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun) Small is beautiful, as this fabulous deli-diner ably demonstrates. Charcuterie, tarts, salads and quiches fill the counter cabinets, and there are evening tapas sessions several times a week. It's up an easy-to-miss alley, next to Beerwolf Books. Gylly Beach CaféCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326-312884; www.gyllybeach.com; Gyllyngvase Beach; mains £10.95-15.95; h9am-11pm) When the sun shines, everyone heads to the Gylly Beach for morning coffee or lunch with a sea-view. Sliding doors open onto the glass-fronted patio, perched right above Gyllyngvase's sands. Burgers, kebabs, mussels and salads dominate the menu, and the breakfasts are great. Rick Stein's FishFISH & CHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01841-532700; Discovery Quay; takeaway £4.95-6.50, mains £10.50-14.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-9pm) Rick Stein's posh fish-and-chips shop now has a Falmouth branch. 6Drinking & Nightlife Dolly'sTEAROOM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326 218400; www.dollysbar.co.uk; 21 Church St; h10am-10pm or 11pm Tue-Sat) Frilly and friendly, Dolly's captures the delights of the English tearoom – complete with charity-shop lamps, bone china teapots and cake stands. It kicks into a different gear after dark, with cocktails and jazz. EspressiniCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 39 Killigrew St; h8am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; W) Cornwall's best coffee house, bar none. The choice of blends, roasts and coffees are enough to fill a 3m long blackboard. Literally. Beerwolf BooksPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326 618474; www.beerwolfbooks.co.uk; 3 Bells Court; hnoon-midnight) Quite possibly the greatest idea ever, anytime, anywhere: a pub and bookshop rolled into one, meaning you can browse for reading material before settling down for a pint of real ale. The FrontPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01326 212168; Custom House Quay; h11am-11.30pm) Spit-and-sawdust pub favoured by beer buffs, with scuffed wood floors and real ales served straight from wooden casks. Chain LockerPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Quay St; h11am-11pm) A proper old sea-dog's pub, with outside seating on the harbour. 8Getting There & Away Falmouth is at the end of the branch train line from Truro (£4, 20 minutes), which also stops at Penryn. A **Bus 2** (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday) To Penzance via Helston. A **Bus 35** (£5, twice daily Monday to Saturday) Stops at Glendurgan and Gweek en route to Helston. A **Bus 88** (£5, hourly) Fastest bus to Truro. ### Truro Pop 17,431 Centred on its three-spired 19th-century cathedral, Truro is Cornwall's capital city. Once a busy river port and one of Cornwall's five Stannary towns (where tin was assayed and stamped for export), these days it's a busy commercial city, with a lively centre dominated by the usual coffee shops and chain stores. Remnants of the city's elegant Georgian past can be seen on Lemon St and Walsingham Pl. 1Sights Royal Cornwall MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-272205; www.royalcornwallmuseum.org.uk; River St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) F Collections at the county's main museum encompass everything from geological specimens to Celtic torques and a ceremonial carriage. Upstairs there's an Egyptian section and a little gallery with some surprising finds: a Turner here, a van Dyck there, and several works by Stanhope Forbes. Truro CathedralCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.trurocathedral.org.uk; High Cross; suggested donation £4; h7.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 9am-7pm Sun) Built on the site of a 16th-century parish church in soaring Gothic Revival style, Truro Cathedral was completed in 1910, making it the first cathedral built in England since St Paul's. Inside, the vast nave contains some fine Victorian stained glass and the impressive Father Willis Organ. Trelissick GardensGARDENS (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/trelissick-garden; adult/child £8.60/4.30; h10.30am-5.30pm) At the head of the Fal estuary, 4 miles south of Truro, Trelissick is one of Cornwall's most beautiful estates, with a formal garden filled with magnolias and hydrangeas, and a huge expanse of fields and parkland criss-crossed by walking trails. Lemon St MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lemonstreetmarket.co.uk; Lemon St; h10.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) A covered market housing craft shops, cafes, delis and an upstairs gallery. The willow-and-paper lanterns hanging from the ceiling were built for Truro's Christmas street parade, the **City of Lights** , held in early December. #### WORTH A TRIP ### THE ROSELAND On the opposite side of the Fal Estuary from Truro and Falmouth, the Roseland peninsula gets its name not from flowers, but from the Cornish word _ros,_ meaning promontory. Greener and gentler than the harsh granite cliffs of the north coast, it's a pastoral place, criss-crossed by hedgerows and spotted with quiet villages and sandy bays – including the large beaches of **Carne** and **Pendower** , which join together at low tide. It's also well worth visiting the chichi town of **St Mawes** , which has a beautifully preserved Tudor castle (EH; %01326-270526; adult/child £4.60/2.80; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar), shaped like a clover leaf. The quickest route to the Roseland is via the King Harry Ferry ( %01872 862312; www.falriver.co.uk/getting-about/ferries/king-harry-ferry; per car one way/return £5/8, bicycles & pedestrians free), which carries cars and pedestrians over the Fal River from near Trelissick Gardens to the opposite side at Philleigh. Otherwise it's a drive of around 14 miles from Truro. 4Sleeping Mannings HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-270345; www.manningshotels.co.uk; Lemon St; r £79-109; p W) The best place to stay in the city centre. The part-Georgian building has been tastefully modernised, with zingy colours and minimalist furniture. There are 'aparthotels' for longer stays (£129). Merchant House HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-272450; www.merchant-house.co.uk; 49 Falmouth Rd; s £55, d £70-90, f £95; p) This smart Victorian house is handy for town, and refurbishment has brightened up the rooms. Some rooms have skylights, others overlook the garden. It's popular with business travellers and organised tours, so it's worth reserving well ahead. 5Eating Bustopher'sBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-279029; www.bustophersbarbistro.com; 62 Lemon St; mains £10-14; hnoon-10pm Wed-Sat, to 4pm Sun) Modern urban dining comes to Truro at Bustopher's, a classy bistro decked out with shiny wood, candles on the tables and lots of nooks and crannies. The menu is divided into 'Smalls' and 'Bigs', and runs the gamut from clam and fish stew to confit duck. It's really rather good. Sam's in the CityBISTRO (www.samscornwall.co.uk; 1-2 New Bridge St; mains £11.95-21.95; h9am-10pm) Fowey's long-standing restaurant has a snazzy new city address, in a former jeweller's on one of Truro's oldest streets. The menu is split between seafood classics, steaks, city salads and sharing platters – plus bouillabaisse and seafood feasts for the very hungry. 6Drinking & Entertainment Old Ale HousePUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Quay St; hnoon-11pm) A proper ale-drinker's pub, with sawdust on the floor, beer mats on the ceiling and a menu of guest ales. Old Grammar SchoolPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 19 St Mary St; h10am-late) Open-plan drinking den with big tables and sofas to sink into. Lunch is served from noon to 3pm; later it's cocktails, candles and Belgian and Japanese beers. Hall for CornwallTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-262466; www.hallforcornwall.co.uk; Lemon Quay) The county's main venue for touring theatre and music. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01872-274555; tic@truro.gov.uk; Boscawen St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus Truro's bus station is beside Lemon Quay. A **Bus 88** (£5, hourly) Express to Falmouth. A **Bus X18** (£5, hourly Monday to Saturday, six on Sunday) To Penzance. A **Bus 14/14A** (£5, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) To St Ives. Train Truro is on the main London Paddington–Penzance line and the branch line to Falmouth. A **Bristol** (£45, 3½ hours) A **Exeter** (£17.90, 2¼ hours) A **Falmouth** (£4, 30 minutes) A **London Paddington** (£60.50, 4½ hours) A **Penzance** (£6.40, 30 minutes) #### DON'T MISS ### CORNWALL'S GLOBETROTTING GARDENS Lodged at the bottom of a disused clay-pit, the giant biomes of the Eden Project ( %01726-811911; www.edenproject.com; adult/child/family £23.50/13.50/68; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) – the largest greenhouses in the world – have become Cornwall's most celebrated landmark and a definite must-see. Looking like a Bond villain's lair, Eden's bubble-shaped biomes maintain miniature ecosystems that enable all kinds of weird and wonderful plants to flourish – from stinking rafflesia flowers and banana trees in the rainforest biome to cacti and soaring palms in the Mediterranean biome. Exhibits around the complex explore ecological and conservation themes, covering everything from global warming to rubber production and chocolate-making. Landscaped gardens wind their way between the biomes, but the highlight is the gravity-defying treetop walkway that winds its way through the canopy of the Rainforest Biome. In summer, the biomes provide a backdrop for live concerts during the Eden Sessions, and in winter host a full-size ice rink. The Eden site is at Bodelva, about 5 miles' drive from St Austell. There are discounts for buying tickets online and arriving by public transport. Bus 101 runs regularly from St Austell train station; bus 527 travels from Newquay. Not far away is Cornwall's real-life secret garden, the Lost Gardens of Heligan ( %01726-845100; www.heligan.com; adult/child £12/6; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb). Formerly the family estate of the Tremaynes, Heligan's magnificent 19th-century gardens fell into disrepair following WWI, and have since been restored to their former splendour by the brains behind the Eden Project, Tim Smit, and a huge army of gardeners, horticulturalists and volunteers. It's a horticultural wonderland: wandering round the grounds you'll discover formal lawns, working kitchen gardens, fruit-filled greenhouses, a secret grotto and a 25m-high rhododendron (claimed to be the world's largest). For many people, though, it's the jungle valley which really steals the show – a Lost World landscape of gigantic ferns, towering palms and tropical blooms. Heligan is 7 miles from St Austell. Bus 526 links Heligan with Mevagissey and St Austell train station (£5). ### Fowey Pop 2273 In many ways, Fowey feels like Padstow's south-coast sister; a workaday port turned well-heeled holiday town, with a tumble of pastel-coloured houses, portside pubs and tiered terraces overlooking the wooded banks of the Fowey River. The town's wealth was founded on the export of china clay from the St Austell pits, but it's been an important port since Elizabethan times, and later became the adopted home of the thriller writer Daphne du Maurier, who used the nearby house at Menabilly Barton as the inspiration for _Rebecca_. These days, it's an attractive and increasingly upmarket town, handy for exploring Cornwall's southeastern corner. 1Sights Readymoney CoveBEACH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) From the town centre, the Esplanade leads down to this little cove and the remains of the small Tudor fort of **St Catherine's Castle**. Polkerris BeachBEACH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.polkerrisbeach.com) A couple of miles west of Fowey, this is the area's largest and busiest beach. Sailing lessons, windsurfing and paddle-boarding are all available. 2Activities Hall WalkWALKING TRAIL (www.nationaltrust.org.uk/item379352) This 3.5-mile circular walk starts across the river from Fowey in Bodinnick, winding along the wooded shores of Pont Pill Creek before following the coastline to the harbour of Polruan, from where you can catch a ferry back to Fowey. You can download a route guide from the National Trust website. Encounter CornwallKAYAKING ( %07976-466123; www.encountercornwall.com; Golant; adult/child £25/12.50) Three-hour trips from Golant, just north of Fowey, with a choice of exploring creek or coastline. 4Sleeping oCoriander CottagesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01726-834998; www.foweyaccommodation.co.uk; Penventinue Lane; r £100-130; p W) S A delightfully rural cottage complex on the outskirts of Fowey, with ecofriendly accommodation in a choice of open-plan, self-catering barns, all with quiet country views. The stone barns have been beautifully modernised, and use a combination of solar panels, ground-source heating and rainwater harvesting to reduce environmental impact. A lovely retreat. Cormorant HotelHOTEL ( %01726-833426; www.cormoranthotel.co.uk; Golant; d £115-170) Up the creek in Golant, this small hotel has a superb riverside location, and many of its rooms have water-view balconies. They're split into three comfort levels: go for a Superior with view for the premium price/comfort ratio. Old Quay HouseHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01726-833302; www.theoldquayhouse.com; 28 Fore St; d £145-395; W) The epitome of Fowey's upmarket trend, this exclusive quayside hotel is all natural fabrics, rattan chairs and tasteful tones, and the rooms are a mix of estuary-view suites and attic penthouses. Very Kensington, not very Cornish. 5Eating & Drinking Lifebuoy CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07715-075869; www.thelifebuoycafe.co.uk; 8 Lostwithiel St; mains £5-10; h8am-5pm) Everyone's favourite brekkie stop in Fowey, this friendly cafe is a riot of character, from the brightly coloured furniture and polka-dot bunting to the vintage Action Men on the shelves. Wolf down a Fat Buoy brekkie or a classic fish-finger butty, washed down with a mug of good old English tea. Dwelling HouseCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01726-833662; 6 Fore St; tea £3-6; h10am-6.30pm May-Sep, to 5.30pm Wed-Sun Oct-Apr) Top spot for tea (20-plus varieties) and dainty cakes (decorated with sprinkles and icing swirls, and served on a proper cake stand). BistroFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01726-832322; www.thebistrofowey.co.uk; 24 Fore St; 2-/3-course menu £15.95/18.95) Solid bistro dining on Fowey's main street, offering a Cornish spin on French classics, with an especially strong focus on seafood. It's stylish inside, with mosaic floors and monochrome photos. Sam'sBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.samsfowey.co.uk; 20 Fore St; mains £6.50-13.95; hnoon-9pm) Sam's has been a stalwart in Fowey for years. Booth seats, day-glo menus and classic movie posters keep the feel laid-back, and the menu of burgers, fishy specials, salads and 'old favourites' all come in a choice of starter or main sizes. There's a beachside outpost beside Polkerris Beach. No bookings. King of PrussiaPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kingofprussia.co.uk; Town Quay; h11am-11pm) Fowey has lots of pubs, but you might as well go for the one with the best harbour view, named after notorious 'free trader' John Carter. 8Getting There & Away Buses to Fowey all stop at Par Station, where you can catch trains to the Penzance–London Paddington main line. Bus 524/525 (half-hourly) stops in Fowey, St Austell (£4) and Mevagissey (£5); the 525 continues to Heligan (£5). Bodinnick FerryFERRY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; car & 2 passengers/pedestrian/bicycle £4.60/1.70/free; hlast ferry 8.45pm Apr-Oct, 7pm Nov-Mar) Car ferry crossing the river to Bodinnick. Polruan FerryFERRY (adult/child/bicycle £1.80/80p/£1; hlast ferry 9pm Sun-Thu, 11pm Fri & Sat) Passenger ferry to Polruan. In winter and on summer evenings, it runs from Town Quay; during the day, it runs from Whitehouse Slipway on the Esplanade. ### Polperro Pop 1206 Even in a county where picturesque fishing harbours are 10-a-penny, it's hard not to fall for Polperro – a warren of cottages, boat stores and alleyways, all set around a stout granite harbour. Unsurprisingly, this was once a smugglers' hideout, and it's still a place with a salty, sea-dog atmosphere, despite the inevitable summer crowds. The coast path between Polperro and Looe is especially scenic, especially around **Talland Bay**. The main car park is 750m uphill from the village, from where it's a 15-minute stroll down to the quayside. Apart from simply wandering and soaking up the scenery, it's worth popping into the ramshackle Polperro Heritage Museum ( %01503-272423; The Warren; adult/child £1.75/50p; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct), which explores the town's seafaring and smuggling heritage. The 573 bus (£2.80, hourly) runs between Liskeard, Looe and Polperro, while the 572 (£6.50, hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) continues to Plymouth. ### Looe Pop 5280 Tucked into the long curve of coast between the Fowey River and Plymouth Sound, Looe is half historic fishing port, half bucket-and-spade resort. Split into East and West Looe and linked by a historic arched bridge, it's a pleasant base for exploring Cornwall's southeastern reaches, and has some lovely beaches nearby. 1Sights & Activities Half a mile offshore is tiny **Looe Island** , a 9-hectare nature reserve run by the Cornwall Wildlife Trust. The boat Islander ( %07814-139223; adult/child return £7/5, plus landing fee £3/1) crosses to the island in summer. Guided nature walks leave from the quay. Wild Futures Monkey SanctuaryWILDLIFE RESERVE ( %01503-262532; www.monkeysanctuary.org; St Martins; adult/child £8/5; h11am-4.30pm Sun-Thu Easter-Sep; c) Half a mile west of town, this wildlife centre is guaranteed to raise some 'aaahhhhs' over its woolly and capuchin monkeys, many of which were rescued from captivity. Porfell Wildlife ParkZOO ( %01503-220211; www.porfell.co.uk; Lanreath; adult/child £9.50/7.50; h10am-6pm; c) A lively animal park a couple of miles outside Looe, with wild denizens including macaws, parakeets, owls, lemurs, meerkats and zebras, as well as a venerable capybara called Bert. 4Sleeping Penvith BarnsB&B ( %01503-240772; www.penvithbarns.co.uk; St-Martin-by-Looe; s £63-72, d £65-80; p W #) Escape the Looe crowds at this rural barn conversion in the nearby hamlet of St-Martin-by-Looe, run by friendly owners Graham and Jules. Rooms range from small to spacious: the Piggery is tiny and tucked under the eaves, while the Dairy has enough space for a spare bed and sofa. Barclay HouseB&B ( %01503-262929; www.barclayhouse.co.uk; St Martins Rd; d £95-130; p W s) This detached Victorian villa sits on 2.4-hectare gardens and has the best bedrooms in East Looe, with wraparound river views and graceful shades of peach, pistachio and aquamarine. It has self-catering cottages available if you want to stay longer. 8Information Looe Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01503-262072; www.visit-southeastcornwall.co.uk; Guildhall, Fore St; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct,) 8Getting There & Away Bus 572 travels to Plymouth (1¼ hours, seven daily Monday to Saturday). Trains on the Looe Valley Line (every two hours Monday to Saturday, eight on Sunday, day ranger adult/child £5/3.15) trundle along a gorgeous stretch of track to Liskeard. ### Southeast Cornwall & the Rame Peninsula Often called 'Cornwall's forgotten corner', the Rame Peninsula remains one of Cornwall's most unspoilt pockets, and it's a fine place to head when you want to give the crowds the slip. This area was once parcelled up between some of Cornwall's old aristocratic families, and several grand country estates are open to the public. If you have time, it's also worth stopping at the little harbour villages of **Kingsand** and **Cawsand** , and the impressive 3-mile expanse of **Whitsand Bay** (not to be confused with Whitesand Bay, near Sennen). Further inland, Cornwall's southeast is also home to some impressive historic homes. 1Sights LanhydrockHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01208-265950; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lanhydrock; adult/child £11.30/5.60, grounds only £7/3.50; hhouse 11am-5.30pm Tue-Sat, grounds 10am-6pm daily) This huge house provides a fascinating insight into the 'upstairs, downstairs' lives of the Cornish gentry, namely the Robartes family. Extensively rebuilt after a fire in 1881, it's the quintessential Victorian manor, complete with gentlemen's smoking room, toy-strewn nursery and antique-filled dining room – as well as an enormous kitchen which has its original roasting spit. The house is 2.5 miles southeast of Bodmin. Antony HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01752-812191; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/antony; adult/child £8.10/5.10, grounds only £4.10/2.10; hhouse 1-5pm, gardens noon-5pm Tue-Thu & Sun) Owned by the National Trust and occupied by the Carew-Pole family, this house's main claim to fame are its decorative gardens, designed by the 18th-century landscape architect Humphry Repton and filled with outlandish topiary, some of which featured in Tim Burton's _Alice in Wonderland_. It's 9 miles east of Looe or 6 miles west from Plymouth. Port EliotHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01503-230211; www.porteliot.co.uk; house & grounds adult/child £8/4, grounds only £5/2; h2-6pm Sat-Thu Mar-Jun) This glorious 2400-hectare estate is the family seat of the Earl of St Germans. The house is open for three months of the year, and the estate has lots and lots of fabulous walks. The annual Port Eliot Festival (www.porteliotfestival.com) of music and literature is held in July. 8Getting There & Away On the Rame Peninsula's east side, the Torpoint Ferry (www.tamarcrossings.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=36386; cars £2.50, pedestrians & cyclists free; h24hr) chugs across the River Tamar to Plymouth. ### Bodmin Moor It can't quite boast the wild majesty of Dartmoor, but Bodmin Moor has a bleak beauty all of its own. Pock-marked with heaths and granite hills, including **Rough Tor** (pronounced 'row-tor'; 400m) and Cornwall's highest point, **Brown Willy** (419m), it's a desolate place that works on the imagination; for years there have been reported sightings of the Beast of Bodmin, a large, black cat-like creature, although no one's ever managed to snap a decent picture. Apart from the hills, the moor's main landmark is Jamaica Inn ( %01566-86250; www.jamaicainn.co.uk; s £65, d £80-110; p), made famous by Daphne du Maurier's novel of the same name – although it's disappointingly been modernised since the author's day. Bus services are very limited on the moor, so you'll need a car to explore. 1Sights & Activities Golitha FallsWATERFALL Around 1.25 miles west of St Cleer, these crashing waterfalls are one of the most renowned beauty spots on the moor. Around the falls are the remains of the ancient oak woodland which once covered much of the moor. There is a car park half a mile's walk from the reserve near Draynes Bridge. Carnglaze CavernsCAVE ( %01579-320251; www.carnglaze.com; adult/child £6/4; h10am-5pm) Slate was once extensively mined on the moor, leaving behind a network of deep caverns such as these ones outside St Neot. Several of the caves are open to the public and can be visited on an underground tour. Cardinham WoodsHIKING, BIKING ( %01208-72577; www.forestry.gov.uk/cardinham) Just outside Bodmin, this large public forest is a great spot for a woody wander, and also has a network of mountain-bike trails if you're feeling more energetic. The Bodmin and Wenford Railway stops at nearby Coleslogget Halt, from where a 1.5-mile trail leads to Cardinham. Bodmin & Wenford RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01208-73555; www.bodminandwenfordrailway.co.uk; rover pass adult/child £12/6; hMar-Oct) Run by enthusiasts, this steam railway chuffs and clatters for 6.5 miles between Bodmin and Boscarne Junction. Many trains are still decked out in their original 1950s livery. At the Boscarne end, the line links up with the Camel Trail; bikes can be taken on the trains if there's space. Look out for special trips in summer, including Pullman-style dining trains that include a silver-service supper. ## Isles of Scilly They might only be 28 miles west of the mainland, but in many ways the Isles of Scilly feel like a different world. Life on this archipelago of around 140 tiny islands seems hardly to have changed in decades: there are no traffic jams, no supermarkets, no multinational hotels, and the only noise pollution comes from the sound of breaking waves and cawing gulls. That's not to say that Scilly is behind the times – you'll find a mobile signal and broadband on the main islands – but the people seem perfectly content for life to tick along at their own island pace. Renowned for their glorious beaches, there are few places better to escape the outside world. Only five islands are inhabited: St Mary's is the largest, followed by Tresco, while only a few hardy souls remain on Bryher, St Martin's and St Agnes. Regular ferry boats run between all five islands. Unsurprisingly, summer is by far the busiest time. Many businesses shut down completely in winter. Hotels are expensive and the B&B supply is limited, so many people hire a cottage instead – the two main companies are Island Properties ( %01720-422082; www.scillyhols.com) and Sibley's Island Homes ( %01720-422431; www.sibleysonscilly.co.uk). All the inhabited islands (except Tresco) have a campsite, but you'll need to reserve well ahead for July and August. 8Information Isles of Scilly Tourist BoardTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01720-422536; tic@scilly.gov.uk; St Mary's; h8.30am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat, 9am-2pm Sun May-Sep, shorter hr Oct-Apr) The islands' only tourist office. Simply ScillyTOURIST INFORMATION (www.simplyscilly.co.uk) The official tourist site. 8Getting There & Away Bookings for flights and ferries are handled by the Isles of Scilly Travel Centre ( %0845 710 5555; www.islesofscilly-travel.co.uk; Quay St; h8am-6.30pm Mon-Sat) in Penzance. Isles of Scilly SkybusAIRLINE ( %0845 710 5555; www.islesofscilly-travel.co.uk) Since the closure of the helicopter service in 2013, planes provide the only air link to the islands. There are several flights daily from Land's End Airport, near Zennor, and Newquay Airport. Adult fares start at £70 to £80 one way. Summer flights also run from Exeter, Bristol and Southampton. Scillonian IIIFERRY ( %0845 710 5555; www.islesofscilly-travel.co.uk; hApr-Oct) Scilly's ferry plies the notoriously choppy waters between Penzance and St Mary's (adult fare from £47 each way). There's at least one daily crossing in summer, but there are no ferries in winter. 8Getting Around St Mary's Boatmen AssociationFERRY ( %01720-423999; www.scillyboating.co.uk) Provides regular ferry services from St Mary's to Scilly's other islands. Returns to/from one island cost adult/child £8.50/4.25, or you can take a 'circular' return via another island for £13/6.50. ### St Mary's Pop 2200 St Mary's is the largest and busiest island in Scilly, and the main point of arrival for flights and ferries. About a mile west of the airport is the main settlement of **Hugh Town** , home to most of the island's hotels, shops and guesthouses, as well as the main harbour. Most people never get much further than **Porthcressa** , Hugh Town's narrow sandy beach, but there are plenty of other coves that can be reached on foot or by bike, including **Porth Hellick** , **Watermill Cove** and the remote **Pelistry Bay**. 1Sights Isles of Scilly MuseumMUSEUM (Church St, Hugh Town; adult/child £3.50/1; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, to noon Sat Easter-Sep, 10am-noon Mon-Sat Oct-Easter) The small Isles of Scilly Museum explores the islands' history, with an eclectic mix of archaeological finds and shipwreck artefacts. TTours Scilly WalksWALKING TOUR ( %01720-423326; www.scillywalks.co.uk; adult/child £6/3) Three-hour archaeological and historical tours, plus guided walking trips to other islands. Island Wildlife ToursWALKING TOUR ( %01720-422212; www.islandwildlifetours.co.uk; half/full day £6/12) Regular birdwatching and wildlife walks with resident twitcher Will Wagstaff. Island Sea SafarisBOAT TOUR ( %01720-422732; www.islandseasafaris.co.uk) Trips to see local seabird and seal colonies (adult/child £33/25). Also rents wetsuits and snorkelling gear. 4Sleeping Garrison CampsiteCAMPGROUND ( %01720-422670; tedmoulson@aol.com; Tower Cottage, Garrison; sites £8.80-11; W) Several hectares of sea-view camping above Hugh Town, with electrical hook-ups, wi-fi and a laundry-cum-shower block. They'll even pre-pitch a tent for you. Isles of Scilly Country GuesthouseB&B ( %01720-422440; www.scillyguesthouse.co.uk; High Lanes; d £100-124; W) Run by Bavarian expat Sabine Schraudolph, this guesthouse is one of the comfiest on St Mary's. The large rooms are chintz-free and look out across St Mary's fields, and Sabine serves Bavarian goodies such as _apfelstrudel_ in her conservatory-cum-coffee house. WingletangB&B ( %01720-422381; www.wingletangguesthouse.co.uk; The Parade; d £72-90) Simple and cosy rooms in a 200-year-old granite cottage in the heart of Hugh Town. Star Castle HotelHOTEL ( %01720-422317; www.star-castle.co.uk; The Garrison; r incl dinner £98-398; W s) Shaped like an eight-pointed star, this former fort on Garrison Point is one of Scilly's star hotels, with heritage-style castle rooms and more modern garden suites. It's stuffy and expensive, but prices include dinner. 5Eating Dibble & GrubCAFE ( %01720-423719; www.dibbleandgrub.com; lunch £6-12, dinner £10-16; h10am-10pm Apr-Sep) Sleek new beach cafe beside Porthcressa, housed in the island's old fire station. The menu dabbles in tapas and Mediterranean-style classics. Juliet's Garden RestaurantRESTAURANT ( %01720-422228; www.julietsgardenrestaurant.co.uk; mains £8-16; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm) St Mary's long-standing bistro, in business for three decades, and still the best place to eat. It's in a converted barn 15 minutes' walk from town: expect gourmet salads and sandwiches by day, plus classier plates of curried monkfish and spring lamb after dark, served by candlelight. The garden is glorious on a sunny day. 8Getting Around For taxis on St Mary's, try Island Taxis ( %01720-422126), Scilly Cabs ( %01720-422901) or Toots Taxis ( %01720-422142). All flights are met by Paulgers Transport ( %01720-423701), who for a flat-rate fare of £4 will run you to wherever you're staying, or straight to the quayside if you're travelling to other islands. Island RoverBUS ( %01720-422131; www.islandrover.co.uk; tickets £8) St Mary's only bus service. Runs circular tours from Holgate's Green in Hugh Town at 10.15am and 3.30pm, plus extra tours in high summer. ### Tresco Pop 175 Owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, the main attraction of Scilly's second-largest island is the magical Tresco Abbey Garden ( %01720-424105; www.tresco.co.uk/stay/abbey-garden; adult/child £12/free; h10am-4pm), which boasts more than 5000 subtropical plants and a peculiar microclimate, nurtured by the Gulf Stream. Keep an eye out for the Valhalla collection, made up of figureheads and nameplates salvaged from the many ships that have foundered off Tresco's shores. Most people visit Tresco on a day trip, as accommodation is ludicrously expensive in season, but you should be able to stretch to lunch at the island's lively pub, the New Inn ( %01720-422849; contactus@tresco.co.uk; mains £10-18). ### Bryher Pop 70 Only around 70 people live on Bryher, Scilly's smallest and wildest inhabited island. Covered by rough bracken and heather, this chunk of rock takes the full force of Atlantic storms; Hell Bay in a winter gale is a truly powerful sight. Cloaked in sea-grass and heather, it's a lovely island to explore on foot. **Watch Hill** provides cracking views over the islands, and **Rushy Bay** is one of the finest beaches on Scilly. Several smaller beaches can be reached via the coast path. 4Sleeping & Eating Bryher CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01720-422886; www.bryhercampsite.co.uk; sites £10.25; #) Bare-bones camping near the quay. Hot showers and tractor transport are included in the rates. Samson HillB&B ( %01720-423951; www.samsonhill.co.uk; d £60-75; W) Run by born-and-bred islander Issy Tibbs, this lovely two-room cottage offers a fabulous view towards Tresco. Issy's a keen cook, and breakfast choices range from Canadian pancakes to homemade granola; she also makes her own fudge. Husband Gareth cooks wood-fired pizza in the garden several nights a week. Hell Bay HotelHOTEL ( %01720-422947; www.hellbay.co.uk; d £190-320) Pretty much the poshest place to stay in Scilly – a true island getaway blending New England–style furnishings with sunny golds, sea blues and pale wood beams. Fraggle Rock CAFE ( %01720-422222; www.bryher.co; mains £8-14; h9am-9pm; W) This relaxed cafe also doubles as Bryher's pub. The menu's mainly quiches, salads and burgers, but owners Chris and Kim use island suppliers wherever possible. There are a few timber-clad cabins if you feel like staying. ### St Martin's Pop 136 The northernmost of the main islands, little St Martin's is rightly renowned for its beaches. Worth hunting out are **Lawrence's Bay** on the south coast, which becomes a broad sweep of sand at low tide; **Great Bay** on the north, arguably Scilly's finest beach; and the secluded cove of **Perpitch** in the southeast. 1Sights & Activities St Martin's VineyardWINERY ( %01720-423418; www.stmartinsvineyard.co.uk; htours 10.45-4pm Tue-Thu) The UK's smallest and most southwesterly vineyard produces its own range of white wines. Tours are conducted by owners Val and Graham Thomas. Scilly DivingDIVING ( %01720-422848; www.scillydiving.com) Situated in Higher Town, this dive outfit offers diving courses and single dives. 4Sleeping Accommodation is limited apart from one super-expensive hotel, St Martin's on the Isle ( %01720-422090; www.stmartinshotel.co.uk; d £300-560), and a handful of B&Bs. St Martin's CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01720-422888; www.stmartinscampsite.co.uk; sites £9-11; hMar-Oct) The second-largest campsite in Scilly at the western end of Lawrence's Bay, with 50 pitches spread across three fields. Coin-operated laundry and showers are available, and eggs and veg are available for your morning fry-up. PolreathB&B ( %01720-422046; www.polreath.com; Higher Town; d £100-110) This friendly granite cottage has small rooms and a sunny conservatory serving cream teas, homemade lemonade and evening meals. Weekly stays only May to September. 5Eating Adam's Fish & ChipsSEAFOOD ( %01720-422457; h6-8.30pm Tue-Thu, noon-2.30pm Sat Jul & Aug, 6-8.30pm Tue & Thu Sep-Jun) The fish here is as fresh as it gets – whatever's caught on the day is what ends up in your batter. It's run by Adam and Emma, who live and work on Little Arthur Farm nearby. Little Arthur FarmCAFE ( %01720-422457; www.littlearthur.co.uk; h10.30am-4pm daily, 6.30-8.30pm Mon-Fri) Home-grown produce, hand-made shoes, farm-fresh milk – this organic farm and wholefood cafe does it all. St Martin's BakeryBAKERY ( %01720-423444; www.stmartinsbakery.co.uk; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 2pm Sun) This homespun bakery turns out fresh bread, pizzas and, of course, homemade pasties. #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### THE OUTER ISLANDS To explore the more remote islands, you'll need to employ the services of a local boatman. St Agnes Boating ( %01720-422704; www.st-agnes-boating.co.uk) offers day trips to Scilly's most secret corners, including the deserted beaches of the **Eastern Isles** , the many shipwreck spots around the **Western Rocks** , and the **Bishops Rock Lighthouse** , a marvel of 19th-century engineering raised on a sliver of rock barely 46m long by 16m wide. They also offer fantastic wildlife-spotting tours to see local colonies of puffins, shearwaters and seals. If you're really lucky, you might even see a dolphin. ### St Agnes Pop 170 Scilly's southernmost island feels really remote, with a string of empty coves and a scattering of prehistoric sites. Visitors disembark at Porth Conger, near the decommissioned **Old Lighthouse** – one of the oldest lighthouses in the country. Other points of interest include the 200-year-old stone **Troy Town Maze** and the island of **Gugh** , where you'll find intriguing standing stones and Bronze Age remains. 4Sleeping & Eating Troytown FarmCAMPSITE ( %01720-422360; www.troytown.co.uk; adult £8.75, tents £2-8) Once a flower farm, St Martin's miniscule campsite offers meadow camping with superb sea views, and also rents three self-catering cottages (from £550 to £950 per week). Covean CottageCOTTAGE ( %01720-422620; http://st-agnes-scilly.org/covean.htm; d £60-80) A little stone-walled cottage, with three pretty sea-view rooms. There's also a small cafe which serves brekkies and light meals cooked up by the owner. Turk's HeadPUB ( %01720-422434; mains £8-14; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) Britain's most southerly alehouse is a beauty. Model ships and seafaring photos line the walls, and you can down your pint of homebrewed Turk's Head beside the slipway. You might even be treated to a sea shanty if the lads are in the mood. # Cambridge & East Anglia #### Cambridge #### Grantchester #### Imperial War Museum #### Ely #### Colchester #### Dedham Vale #### Saffron Walden #### Southend-on-Sea #### Long Melford #### Sudbury #### Lavenham #### Bury St Edmunds #### Orford #### Aldeburgh #### Southwold #### Norwich #### North Coast Norfolk #### King's Lynn & Around # Cambridge & East Anglia ### Why Go? Unfurling gently eastwards to the sea, the vast flatlands of East Anglia are a rich web of lush farmland, melancholy Fens and sparkling rivers. The area is justly famous for its sweeping sandy beaches, big skies and the bucolic landscape that once inspired Constable and Gainsborough. It's not all rural idyll though: rising out of the Fens is the world-famous university town of Cambridge, with its stunning classical architecture and earnest attitude, and to the east is the cosmopolitan city of Norwich. Around them magnificent cathedral cities, pretty market towns and implausibly picturesque villages are testament to the enormous wealth amassed here during medieval times, when the wool and weaving industries flourished. Meanwhile, the meandering coastline is peppered with pretty fishing villages and traditional bucket-and-spade resorts, while inland is the languid, hypnotic charm of the Norfolk Broads, an ideal location for serious relaxation. ### When to Go AIf the Cambridge colleges are high on your list, avoid Spring (early-April to mid-June), when they close to visitors as students prepare for exams. AThe (hopefully) better weather between June and August means you'll see the Norfolk and Suffolk beaches and the Norfolk Broads at their best. But school holidays (late-July to August) bring plenty more people, and also push accommodation prices up. AWorld-class classical music comes to Suffolk in the Aldeburgh Festival in June. In July, cool-culture fans chill out at Southwold's eclectic Latitude Festival. ACome November, the Ways With Words literature festival draws big-name authors to Southwold. AExquisite, seasonal music fills Cambridge's King's College Chapel in December, culminating in the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols on Christmas Eve. ### Best Places to Eat AMidsummer House ARoger Hickman's ACompany Shed AGreat House APea Porridge ### Best Places to Stay AVarsity ASutherland House AAngel APeacocks ACley Windmill ## Cambridge & East Anglia Highlights 1 Punting past historic colleges in Cambridge and enjoying the heavenly sounds of evensong at King's College Chapel. 2 Soaking up the medieval atmosphere in topsy-turvy Lavenham. 3 Marvelling at the exquisite rib vaulting at Norwich Cathedral. 4 Walking the prom, dining on sublime food and just chilling out in understated Aldeburgh. 5 Noseying around the drawing room of the Queen's country estate at Sandringham. 6 Canoeing your way through the tranquil waterways of the Norfolk Broads. 7 Pondering the history of British and American air forces at the Imperial War Museum in Duxford. 8 Wandering barefoot along the immense, golden sands of Holkham beach. 9 Delighting in one of Britain's grandest stately homes at Audley End in Saffron Walden. History East Anglia was a major Saxon kingdom; the dazzling treasures unearthed in the ship burial at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk have revealed how complex a society it was. The region's heyday came during the wool boom of the Middle Ages when Flemish weavers settled in the area; many of the grand local churches also date from this time – Cambridge University was founded too. By the 17th century much of the region's marshland and bog had been drained and converted into arable land. It was in East Anglia's emergent, Puritan bourgeoisie that the seeds of the English Civil War were sown. Oliver Cromwell, the uncrowned king of the Parliamentarians, was a small-time merchant residing in Ely when he answered God's call to take up arms against what he saw as the fattened and corrupt monarchy of Charles I. East Anglia's fortunes waned in the 18th century, when the Industrial Revolution flourished in northern England. During WWII the region became an ideal base for the RAF and the United States Air Force in the fight against Nazi Germany, thanks to its flat, open landscape and close proximity to mainland Europe. 2Activities East Anglia is an appealing destination for walkers, cyclists and kayakers. Here you can discover miles of coastline, take time touring vast expanses of level land and glide along snaking inland waterways. The coast and Norfolk Broads are also beloved by sailors, those without their own craft can easily hire boats and arrange lessons. Alternatively putt-putt your way gently around the Broads in a motorboat or paddle a kayak or canoe along the slow-moving rivers. Then there are the wide and frequently empty beaches of the Norfolk coast, which make great spots for land yachting and kitesurfing. Visit East of England (www.visiteastofengland.com) has more info. Cycling Famously one of England's flattest regions, there's gorgeous cycling to be had along the Suffolk and Norfolk coastlines and in the Fens. Meanwhile, the Tour de France snaked its way through East Anglia in 2014. Mountain bikers should head for Norfolk's Thetford Forest (www.forestry.gov.uk/thetfordforestpark), while much of the popular on- and off-road Peddars Way walking route is also open to cyclists. Walking The Peddars Way and Norfolk Coast Path (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/peddarsway) is a seven-day, 93-mile national trail from Knettishall Heath near Thetford to Cromer. The first half winds along an ancient Roman road, then finishes by meandering along the beaches, sea walls, salt marshes (great for birdwatching) and fishing villages of the coast. Curving further south, the 50-mile **Suffolk Coast Path** links Felixstowe and Lowestoft, via Snape Maltings, Aldeburgh, Dunwich and Southwold. 8Getting There & Around Public transport links between London, the Midlands and East Anglia are excellent. Services within the region are generally good; as ever there are fewer connections to smaller towns and villages. Traveline East AngliaINFORMATION (www.travelineeastanglia.org.uk) Details local bus and train timetables. Bus A host of smaller firms, plus two main companies, run the region's bus networks. FirstBUS (www.firstgroup.com) Major provider in Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk. StagecoachBUS (www.stagecoachbus.com) Services in Cambridge and around. Train Greater AngliaTRAIN (Abellio; www.greateranglia.co.uk) Runs rail services across East Anglia. Anglia Plus PassTRAIN Secures off-peak train (and some bus) travel in Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire. One/three days out of seven costs £18/35. Up to four accompanying children can travel for £2 each. ## Cambridgeshire Many visitors to Cambridgeshire never make it past the captivating university city of Cambridge, where august old buildings, student cyclists in academic gowns and glorious chapels await. But beyond this breathtaking seat of learning, the flat reclaimed Fen, lush farmland and myriad waterways make perfect walking and cycling territory, while the extraordinary cathedral at Ely and the rip-roaring Imperial War Museum at Duxford would be headline attractions anywhere else. 8Getting Around Public transport radiates from Cambridge, a mere 55-minute train ride from London. This line continues north through Ely to King's Lynn in Norfolk. Branch lines run east to Norwich and into Suffolk. ### Cambridge Pop 123,900 Abounding with exquisite architecture, oozing history and tradition and renowned for its quirky rituals, Cambridge is a university town extraordinaire. The tightly packed core of ancient colleges, the picturesque 'Backs' (college gardens) leading on to the river and the leafy green meadows that surround the city give it a far more tranquil appeal than its historic rival Oxford. Like 'the Other Place', as Oxford is known locally, the buildings here seem unchanged for centuries, and it's possible to wander the college buildings and experience them as countless prime ministers, poets, writers and scientists have done. The sheer academic achievement seems to permeate the very walls, with cyclists loaded down with books negotiating narrow cobbled passageways, students relaxing on manicured lawns and great minds debating life-changing research in historic pubs. Meanwhile, first-time punters zigzag erratically across the river, shoppers stroll unhurriedly through the Grand Arcade, and those long past their student days wonder what it would have been like to study in such splendid surroundings. History Despite roots stretching back to the Iron Age, Cambridge was little more than a rural backwater until the 11th century, when an Augustinian order of monks set up shop here – the first of the religious institutions that eventually became the colleges. When the university town of Oxford exploded in a riot between town and gown in 1209, a group of scholars, fed up with the constant brawling between locals and students, upped and joined what was to become the University of Cambridge. Cambridge wasn't spared by the riots, and brawls between town and gown took place with disturbing regularity here as well. The first Cambridge college, Peterhouse (never Peterhouse _College_ ), was founded in 1284, and in 1318 Pope John XXII's papal bull declared Cambridge to be an official university. By the 14th century, royalty, nobility, churches, trade guilds and anyone rich enough could court prestige by founding their own colleges, though the system was shaken up during the Reformation with the dissolution of the monasteries. It was 500 years before female students were allowed into the hallowed grounds, though, and even then they were only allowed into the women-only colleges Girton and Newnham, founded in 1869 and 1871 respectively. By 1948 Cambridge minds had broadened sufficiently to allow women to actually graduate. The honour roll of famous Cambridge students reads like an international who's who of high achievers: 87 Nobel Prize winners (more than any other institution in the world), 13 British prime ministers, nine archbishops of Canterbury, an immense number of scientists, and a healthy host of poets and authors. This is the town where Newton refined his theory of gravity, Whipple invented the jet engine, and Crick and Watson discovered DNA. William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Vladimir Nabokov, Stephen Hawking and Stephen Fry all studied here too. Today the university remains one of the best for research worldwide. Thanks to some of the earth-shaking discoveries made here, Cambridge is inextricably linked to the history of learning. Cambridge 1Top Sights 1Fitzwilliam MuseumB6 2King's College ChapelB4 3The BacksA3 4Trinity CollegeB3 1Sights 5Bridge of SighsA3 6Christ's CollegeC4 7Clare CollegeA4 8Corpus Christi CollegeB5 9Corpus ClockB4 10Emmanuel CollegeC4 11Gonville & Caius CollegeB4 12Great St Mary's ChurchB4 13Jesus CollegeC3 14Kettle's YardA2 15Little St Mary's ChurchB5 16Magdalene CollegeB2 17Mathematical BridgeA5 Pepys LibraryB2 18PeterhouseB5 19Queens' CollegeA5 20Round ChurchB3 21Senate HouseB4 22St John's CollegeB3 23The Polar MuseumD6 24Trinity Hall CollegeA4 25Wren LibraryA3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 26Cambridge Chauffer PuntsA5 Granta Canoe & Punt Hire CompanyA6 27Jesus Green PoolC1 28Riverboat GeorginaC1 29Scudamore's Punting CambridgeA5 30Walking ToursB4 4Sleeping 31Hotel du VinC6 32VarsityB2 5Eating 33AromiB4 34ByronB3 35Chop HouseB4 36ClownsC3 37DojoB5 38FitzbilliesB5 39GardeniaB4 40Midsummer HouseD1 41OakD6 42St John's Chop HouseA2 6Drinking & Nightlife 43EagleB4 44FezB3 45GrantaA6 46Lola LoB4 47MaypoleB2 3Entertainment 48ADCB3 49Cambridge Arts TheatreB4 50Corn ExchangeB4 51Portland ArmsC1 1Sights ## 2City Walk The Colleges & the Backs **Start** King's College Chapel **End** Fitzbillies **Length** 3 miles; four hours From divine 1King's, stroll north, diverting into 2Great St Mary's and climbing the tower for fine Cambridge views. Next, dodge the bicyclists and touting tour guides before ducking into atmospheric 3Gonville & Caius to marvel at its ornate gates. 4Trinity's elaborate entranceway towers up on the left; head through it into the college's (genuinely) Great Court; marvel in the architecture, then make for the absorbing 5Wren Library, with its extraordinary historic books. Next, pause to admire the front of gorgeous 6St John's, before dropping into the captivating, 12th-century 7Round Church. Cut right between the sweet terraces of narrow Portugal Place – at the end, the 8Maypole pub is a friendly place to eat or drink. Next it's diagonally across Jesus Green, past lounging picnickers and tennis players, to consider a dip in the bijou open-air 9pool. Then stroll south west beside the river, passing locks and houseboats before a waterside boardwalk leads to a punt launching pad. Cross at the bridge beside aMagdalene College, where the unique Peyps Library is well worth a detour. Northampton St reminds you the 21st century does exist, then it's onto the path through the Backs, where the stately sweep of St John's College shelters amid the trees, Trinity sits next door. Next play zigzag with college paths and the river: nip up b **Garret Hostel Lane** for a closer view of punts, bridges and college facades. Then it's back to the path, before another detour left leads to the often-open gates of cClare College, where the Fellow's Garden is a real must-see. Back on the Backs, next comes the impressive west end of Kings College Chapel; the Palladian d **Fellows' Building** is just to the right. After curving beside eQueens', cut left. On Silver St's bridge spy the chunky fMathematical Bridge on the left, and the fleets of about-to-embark punts on the right. Time to rest. Where better than gFitzbillies for a Chelsea bun and a steaming cup of tea. ### VISITING THE COLLEGES Colleges close to visitors over the Christmas break, and while students are preparing for and sitting exams – shutting between early-April and mid-June. Be aware too, opening hours can vary from day to day, so if you have your heart set on visiting a particular college, contact it in advance to avoid disappointment. Cambridge University Cambridge University comprises 31 colleges, though not all are open to the public. oKing's College ChapelCHAPEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-331212; www.kings.cam.ac.uk/chapel; King's Pde; adult/child £7.50/free; hnon-term 9.45am-4.30pm, term 9.45am-3.15pm Mon-Sat, 1.15-2.30pm Sun) In a city crammed with show-stopping buildings, this is the scene-stealer. Grandiose, 16th-century King's College Chapel is one of England's most extraordinary examples of Gothic architecture. Its inspirational, intricate 80m-long, fan-vaulted ceiling is the world's largest and soars upwards before exploding into a series of stone fireworks. This hugely atmospheric space is a fitting stage for the chapel's world-famous choir; hear it in full voice during the magnificent, free, evensong (in term time only – 5.30pm Monday to Saturday, 10.30am and 3.30pm Sunday). King's **steeples** have long been a magnet for student night climbers and today images of the chapel adorn thousands of postcards, tea towels and choral CDs. But it was begun in 1446 as an act of piety by Henry VI and was only finished by Henry VIII around 1516. The lofty **stained-glass windows** that flank the chapel's sides ensure it's remarkably light. The glass is original, rare survivors of the excesses of the Civil War in this region. It's said that these windows were ordered to be spared by Cromwell himself, who knew of their beauty from his own studies in Cambridge. The antechapel and the choirare divided by a superbly carved **wooden screen** , were designed and executed by Peter Stockton for Henry VIII. The screen bears his master's initials entwined with those of Anne Boleyn. Look closely and you may find an angry human face (possibly Stockton's) amid the elaborate jungle of mythical beasts and symbolic flowers. Above is the magnificent bat-wing **organ** , originally constructed in 1686, though much altered since. Beyond the thickly-carved, dark-wood choir stalls light suffuses the high **altar** , which is framed by Rubens' masterpiece _Adoration of the Magi_ (1634) and the magnificent east window. To the left of the altar in the side chapels, an **exhibition** charts the construction stages and methods. Note the chapel itself (but not the grounds) _are_ open during the exam period (April to June). Each Christmas Eve, King's College Chapel stages the **Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols**. It's broadcast globally by the BBC, and to around 300 American radio stations. You can also queue – if you start early enough (before 9am), you could well get in. Senate HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Senate House Passage) This beautiful classical structure (not open to the public), tucked in beside King's College, was designed in 1730 by James Gibbs. Graduations are held here in summer, when gowned and mortar-boarded students parade the streets. Look out for the degree class-lists that are posted outside at the end of the academic year. Gonville & Caius CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cai.cam.ac.uk; Trinity St; h9am-2pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F Known locally as Caius (pronounced 'keys'), Gonville and Caius boasts three fascinating **gates** : Virtue, Humility and Honour. They symbolise the progress of the good student, since the third gate (the Porta Honoris, a fabulous domed and sundial-sided confection) leads to the Senate House and thus graduation. Ex-students include Francis Crick (of DNA-discoverers Crick and Watson) and Edward Wilson, of Scott's tragic Antarctic expedition. The megastar of astrophysics, Stephen Hawking, is currently a fellow here. The college was actually founded twice, first by a priest called Gonville, in 1348, and then again in 1557 by Dr Caius (his given name was Keys – it was common for academics to use the Latin form of their names), a brilliant physician who supposedly spoiled his legacy by insisting in the statutes that the college admit no 'deaf, dumb, deformed, lame, chronic invalids, or Welshmen'. Trinity Hall CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.trinhall.cam.ac.uk; Trinity Lane; admission by donation; h9.15am-noon & 2-4pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) Wedged cosily among the great and the famous, but unconnected to better-known Trinity, diminutive Trinity Hall was founded in 1350 as a refuge for lawyers and clerics escaping the ravages of the Black Death. The college's 16th-century **library** has original Jacobean reading desks and chained books on the shelves (to visit, book two weeks in advance), while the **chapel** is one of the most beautiful of all the colleges – drop by for evensong at 6.30pm Thursday and 6pm Sunday during term time. Writer JB Priestley, astrophysicist Stephen Hawking and actor Rachel Weisz are among Trinity Hall's graduates. oTrinity CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.trin.cam.ac.uk; Trinity St; adult/child £2/1; h10am-4.30pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) The largest of Cambridge's colleges, Trinity offers an extraordinary Tudor gateway, an air of supreme elegance and a sweeping Great Court – the largest of its kind in the world. It also boasts the renowned and suitably musty Wren Library ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; hnoon-2pm Mon-Fri), containing 55,000 books dated before 1820 and more than 2500 manuscripts. Works include those by Shakespeare, St Jerome, Newton and Swift – and AA Milne's original _Winnie the Pooh;_ both Milne and his son, Christopher Robin, were graduates As you enter Trinity through the part-gilded gate, have a look at the **statue** of the college's founder, Henry VIII, that adorns it. His left hand holds a golden orb, while his right grips not the original sceptre but a table leg, put there by student pranksters and never replaced. It's a wonderful introduction to one of Cambridge's most venerable colleges, and a reminder of who really rules the roost. In the **Great Court** beyond, scholastic humour gives way to wonderment, thanks to its imposing architecture and sheer size. To the right of the entrance is a small tree, planted in the 1950s and reputed to be a descendant of the apple tree made famous by Trinity alumnus Sir Isaac Newton. Other alumni include Francis Bacon, Lord Byron, Tennyson, HRH Prince Charles (legend has it his bodyguard scored higher in exams than he did), at least nine prime ministers (British and international) and some 32 Nobel Prize winners. The college's vast **hall** has a dramatic hammerbeam roof and lantern, beyond lie the dignified cloisters of **Nevile's Court**. Henry VIII would have been proud to note, too, that his college would eventually come to throw the best party in town, the lavish **May Ball** in June, though you will need a fat purse, and a friend on the inside, to get an invitation. St John's CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.joh.cam.ac.uk; St John's St; adult/child £5/3.50; h10am-5pm mid-Jun–Oct, to 3.30pm Nov–early-Apr) Alma mater of six prime ministers, three saints and Douglas Adams ( _The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy_ author), St John's is superbly photogenic. It's also the second-biggest college after Trinity. Founded in 1511 by Henry VII's mother, Margaret Beaufort, it sprawls along both river banks, joined by the Bridge of Sighs, a masterpiece of stone tracery and focus for student pranks. Going into St John's, or a punting tour, are the only ways to get a clear view of the structure. Over the bridge, is the 19th-century **New Court** , an extravagant neo-Gothic creation, and out to the left are impressive views of the Backs. Parts of the college are much older and the chapel, though smaller than King's, is one of Cambridge's hidden gems. Magdalene CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.magd.cam.ac.uk; Magdalene St; h8am-6pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F Riverside Magdalene often catches people out – the college name is properly pronounced 'Maudlyn'. This former Benedictine hostel's greatest asset is the Pepys Library ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h2-4pm Mon-Fri 11.30am-12.30pm & 1.30-2.30pm Sat May-Aug, 2-3pm Mon-Sat Oct-Apr)) housing 3000 books bequeathed by the mid-17th-century diarist to his old college. This idiosyncratic collection of beautifully bound tomes is ordered by height, treasures include vivid medieval manuscripts and the _Anthony Roll,_ a 1540s depiction of the Royal Navy's ships. Magdalene has the dubious honour of being the last college to let women study there; when they were finally admitted in 1988, some male students wore black armbands and flew the college flag at half mast. Jesus CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jesus.cam.ac.uk; Jesus Lane; h9am-5pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F This tranquil 15th-century college was once a nunnery of St Radegund before the Bishop of Ely, John Alcock, expelled the nuns for 'improvidence, extravagance and incontinence'. Highlights include a Norman arched **gallery** , a 13th-century **chancel** and art-nouveau features by Pugin, Ford Madox Brown, William Morris (ceilings) and Burne-Jones (stained glass). Illustrious alumni include Thomas Cranmer, burnt for his faith in Oxford during the Reformation, and long-running BBC and PBS radio journalist and presenter Alistair Cooke. Christ's CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.christs.cam.ac.uk; St Andrew's St; h9.30am-4pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F A great institution at more than 500 years old, Christ's gleaming **Great Gate** is emblazoned with heraldic carving of Tudor roses, portcullis and spotted Beaufort yale (antelope-like creatures). Its founder, Lady Margaret Beaufort, hovers above like a guiding spirit. A stout oak door leads into **First Court** , one of Cambridge's more picturesque front courts and the only circular one. Hunt out the **gardens** dedicated to alumnus Charles Darwin, they feature species brought back from his famous Galapagos voyage. The Second Court has a gate to the **Fellows' Garden** , which contains a mulberry tree under which 17th-century poet John Milton reputedly wrote 'Lycidas'. Other notable alumni include Sacha Baron Cohen (aka Ali G and Borat) and historian Simon Schama. Emmanuel CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.emma.cam.ac.uk; St Andrew's St; h9am-6pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F The 16th-century Emmanuel College ('Emma' to students) is famous for its exquisite **chapel** designed by Sir Christopher Wren. The college has a prodigious collection of ducks, they roam the area freely and in early spring produce armies of bright-yellow ducklings. Here, too, is a plaque commemorating John Harvard (BA 1632), a scholar here who later settled in New England and left his money to a certain Cambridge College in Massachusetts – now Harvard University. Corpus Christi CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.corpus.cam.ac.uk; King's Pde; admission £2.50; h10.30am-4.30pm mid-Jun–Sep, 2-4pm Oct–early-Apr) One of Cambridge's ancient colleges, Corpus Christi was founded in 1352, a heritage reflected in its exquisite buildings – a monastic atmosphere still radiates from the medieval **Old Court**. Look out for the fascinating sundial and plaque to playwright and past student Christopher Marlowe (1564–93), author of _Doctor Faustus_ and _Tamburlaine_. New Court (a mere 200 years old) leads to the **Parker Library** , which holds the world's finest collection of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts (open Thursday afternoons to tourist office–run tours). Back outside, on the junction of Benet St and King's Pde, look out for the college's new Corpus Clock ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Made from 24-carat gold, it displays the time through a series of concentric LED lights. A hideous-looking insect 'time-eater' crawls across the top. The clock is only accurate once every five minutes. At other times it slows or stops and then speeds up, which according to its creator, JC Taylor, reflects life's irregularity. Queens' CollegeCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.queens.cam.ac.uk; Silver St; admission £2.50; h10am-4pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) Gorgeous 15th-century Queens' College sits elegantly astride the river, connected by the unscientific-looking Mathematical Bridge. Highlights include two enchanting medieval courtyards: **Old Court** and **Cloister Court** , the beautiful half-timbered **President's Lodge** and the tower in which Dutch scholar and reformer Desiderius Erasmus lodged from 1510 to 1514. His verdict on Cambridge? That the wine tasted like vinegar, the beer was slop and the place was too expensive – he also noted the local women were good kissers. PeterhouseCOLLEGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pet.cam.ac.uk; Trumpington St; h9am-5pm, closed early-Apr–mid-Jun) F The oldest and smallest college, charming Peterhouse was founded in 1284. Much of the college was rebuilt or added to over the years, including the exceptional little **chapel** built in 1632, but the beautifully restored **main hall** is bona fide 13th century. Just to the north is Little St Mary's Church ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), which has a memorial to Peterhouse student Godfrey Washington, great-uncle of George. His family coat of arms was the stars and stripes – the inspiration for the US flag. Rumours abound among students – vigorously denied by college authorities – of hauntings and spectral happenings on the site. Three Nobel Prize winners count themselves among Peterhouse's alumni. oThe BacksPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Behind the Cambridge colleges' grandiose facades and stately courts, a series of gardens and parks line up beside the river. Collectively known as the Backs, the tranquil green spaces and shimmering waters offer unparalleled views of the colleges and are often the most enduring image of Cambridge for visitors. The picture-postcard snapshots of college life and graceful bridges can be seen from the riverside pathways and pedestrian bridges – or the comfort of a chauffeur-driven punt. The fanciful Bridge of Sighs ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), built in 1831 at St John's, is best observed from the stylish bridge designed by Wren just to the south, also on St John's grounds. The oldest river crossing is at Clare College ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), built in 1639 and ornamented with decorative balls. Its architect was paid a grand total of 15p for his design and, feeling aggrieved at such a measly fee, it's said he cut a chunk out of one of the balls adorning the balustrade so the bridge would never be complete. Most curious of all is the flimsy-looking wooden construction joining the two halves of Queen's College known as the Mathematical Bridge ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), first built in 1749. Despite what unscrupulous guides may tell you, it wasn't the handiwork of Sir Isaac Newton (he died in 1727), originally built without nails, or taken apart by academics who then couldn't figure how to put it back together. ### PRANKSTERS, NIGHT CLIMBERS AND CUBES In a city with so much concentrated mental prowess, it is perhaps inevitable that the student community would excel at all kinds of mischief. The most impressive prank ever to take place in Cambridge – lifting an Austin Seven van onto the roof of the landmark Senate House in 1958 – involved a great deal of planning from four Mechanical Sciences students and spawned a number of copycat pranks, including suspending another Austin Seven from the ornate Bridge of Sighs. King's College has long been a target of night climbers – students who get their thrills by scaling the lofty heights of out-of-bounds buildings at night. The sport is taken very seriously – to the point where a Trinity College student, Geoffrey Winthrop Young, wrote the _Roof Climber's Guide to Trinity_ in 1900. If you're in Cambridge after a particularly spectacular climber excursion, you may find some out-of-place objects atop the pinnacles of King's College Chapel – anything from a traffic cone to a Santa hat. Finally, there's the Cubes (Cambridge University Breaking and Entering Society); its objective is to access places members shouldn't be and leave distinctive calling cards – the most famous being the wooden mallard in the rafters of Trinity's Great Hall. ### CHARIOTS OF FIRE Trinity College's immense Great Court is the scene of the run made famous by the film _Chariots of Fire_ – a 350m-sprint around the courtyard in 43 seconds (the time it takes the clock to strike 12). Although many students attempt it, Harold Abrahams (the hero of the film) never did, and the run in the movie was filmed at Eton. If you fancy your chances, remember that you'll need Olympian speed to even come close. Other Sights oFitzwilliam MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk; Trumpington St; donation requested; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) F Fondly dubbed 'the Fitz' by locals, this colossal neoclassical pile was one of the first public art museums in Britain, built to house the fabulous treasures that the seventh Viscount Fitzwilliam bequeathed to his old university. Expect Roman and Egyptian grave goods, artworks by many of the great masters and some more quirky collections: banknotes, literary autographs, watches and armour. The building's unabashedly over-the-top appearance sets out to mirror its contents; this ostentatious jumble of styles mixes mosaic with marble, and Greek with Egyptian. The **lower galleries** are filled with priceless treasures spanning the ancient world; look out for a Roman funerary couch, an inscribed copper votive plaque from Yemen (c AD 100–200), a figurine of Egyptian cat goddess Bastet, splendid Egyptian sarcophagi and mummified animals, plus dazzling illuminated manuscripts. The **upper galleries** showcase works by Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Rubens, the Impressionists, Gainsborough and Constable, right through to Rembrandt and Picasso; standout works include the tender _Pietà_ by Giovanni del Ponte and Salvator Rosa's dark and intensely personal _L'Umana Fragilita_. The Fitz has a tragic footnote: although begun by George Basevi in 1837, he didn't live to see its completion: while working on Ely Cathedral he stepped back to admire his handiwork, slipped and fell to his death. One-hour guided tours (£6) of the museum are held at 2.30pm Saturday. The Polar MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum; Lensfield Rd; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) F Tales of hostile environments, dogged determination and, sometimes, life-claiming mistakes are evoked powerfully at this compelling museum. Its focus on polar exploration charts the feats of the likes of Roald Amundsen, Fridtjof Nansen and Captain Robert Falcon Scott. The affecting collections include paintings, photographs, clothing, equipment, maps, journals and last messages left for loved ones by Scott's polar crew. Other engaging exhibits include models of ships that ventured into the frigid Arctic and Antarctic waters, innovative equipment such as the 'Nansen cooker' and interactive displays on ice and climate change. The section devoted to the people of the Arctic includes Inuit carvings and scrimshaw (etched bones), a Sámi knife with a carved reindeer-horn sheath, a walrus tusk with walrus hunt scenes etched on it, and particularly fine examples of _tupilaat_ (carved caribou horn figures with ancestor souls captured inside) from Greenland. The museum is run by the Scott Polar Institute, founded with part of the relief fund set up in the wake of the explorer's ill-fated South Pole expedition – these days it takes a lead role in climate-change research. Great St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gsm.cam.ac.uk; Senate House Hill; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 1-4pm Sun) F The foundations of Cambridge's sublime university church date from 1010. It was burnt to the ground in the 1290s and rebuilt in 1351. The major expansion of 1478–1519 resulted in the late-Gothic Perpendicular style you see today. Striking features include the mid-Victorian stained-glass windows, seating galleries and two organs – unusual in a church. The tower (adult/child £3.50/2) was added in 1690; climb it for superb vistas of Cambridge's dreamy spires. Round ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.christianheritageuk.org.uk; Bridge St; adult/child £2/free; h10am-5pm) Cambridge's intensely atmospheric Round Church is one of only four such structures in England. It was built by the mysterious Knights Templar in 1130 and shelters an unusual circular nave ringed by chunky Norman pillars – the carved stone faces that crown them bring the 12th century vividly to life. The church's position on Bridge St reminds you of its original role; that of a chapel for pilgrims crossing the river. Kettle's YardHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kettlesyard.co.uk; Castle St; h2-5pm Tue-Sun) F If you like snooping around other people's houses (and who doesn't?), you'll love this very personal glimpse into the incredible home of HS 'Jim' Ede, a former curator at the Tate Gallery in London. In his deceptively roomy cottage all the furniture, ceramics and art – such as the collection of 20th-century works by Miró, Henry Moore and others – is arranged just so, allowing you a real sense of the man's intriguing personality. Cambridge University Botanic GardenGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.botanic.cam.ac.uk; Bateman St; adult/child £4.50/free; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) Founded by Charles Darwin's mentor, Professor John Henslow, the beautiful Botanic Garden is home to 8000 plant species, a wonderful arboretum, glasshouses (containing both fierce carnivorous pitcher plants and the delicate slipper orchid), a winter garden and flamboyant herbaceous borders. Hour-long guided tours (£7) are held at 11am on the first Saturday of the month and some Wednesdays. The gardens are 1200m south of the city centre via Trumpington St. 2Activities Jesus Green PoolSWIMMING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.better.org.uk; Jesus Green; £4.20; h8am-6pm May-Sep) A long, thin, 1920s open-air swimspot, popular with pool-side sunbathers too. Punting Gliding a self-propelled punt along the Backs is a blissful experience – once you've got the hang of it; it can also be a manic challenge to begin. If you wimp out you can always opt for a relaxing chauffeured punt. Punt hire costs around £19 per hour, one-hour chauffeured trips of the Backs cost about £15, and a return trip to Grantchester (2½ hours) will set you back around £27. Cambridge Chauffer PuntsPUNTING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.punting-in-cambridge.co.uk; Silver St Bridge) One of the biggest punting companies in Cambridge, with regular chauffeured punting tours. Granta Canoe & Punt Hire CompanyPUNTING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.puntingincambridge.com; Newnham Rd) Handily sited punt-rental company if you're heading towards Grantchester. Runs reduced services in the winter. Scudamore's Punting CambridgePUNTING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.scudamores.com; Granta Pl) Hires punts, rowboats, kayaks and canoes. Offers up to £5 discount if you buy online. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### HOW TO PUNT Punting looks pretty straightforward but, believe us, really – it's not. So here are some tips to stop you zigzagging wildly across the river, losing your pole and falling in. AStanding at the back end of the punt, lift the pole out of the water at the side of the punt. ALet the pole slide through your hands to touch the bottom of the river. ATilt the pole forward (that is, in the direction of travel of the punt) and push down to propel the punt forward. ATwist the pole to free the end from the mud at the bottom of the river, and let it float up and trail behind the punt. You can then use it as a rudder to steer. AIf you haven't fallen in yet, raise the pole out of the water and into the vertical position to begin the cycle again. AHold on to the pole, particularly when passing under Clare Bridge, as students sometimes snatch them for a giggle. TTours As well as running escorted tours, the tourist office also has information about self-guided walks. Walking ToursWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-457574; www.visitcambridge.org; Peas Hill) The tourist office runs guided two-hour tours (adult/child £17.50/15.50) of central Cambridge, which take in two of the most memorable colleges; depending on opening hours they might include King's College Chapel, Queens', Pembroke or St John's. The price includes admission to the colleges. Year-round, tours run at 11am Monday to Friday, at 11am, noon and 2pm Saturday, and at 1pm Sunday. In July and August there are extra daily tours at noon and 2pm. They're popular: book. Colourful, one-hour Ghost Tours (£6) take place on Fridays at 6pm, and – from May to August – on Saturdays at 8pm. Riverboat GeorginaBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-929124; www.georgina.co.uk; Jesus Lock; hApr-Sep) One-/two-hour cruises are £7/13, optional extras include lunch, fish and chips, wine or a cream tea. City SightseeingBUS TOUR (www.city-sightseeing.com; adult/child £14/7; hevery 20min 10am-4.40pm) Hop-on/hop-off bus tours; tickets secure 24 hours' unlimited travel. zFestivals & Events Cambridge has a jam-packed cultural schedule. For one-off events, check out the notices tied to railings all over the city centre, especially around St Mary's Church. BumpsBOAT RACE (www.cucbc.org/bumps; hFeb & Jun) Traditional rowing races along the Cam (or the Granta as the Cambridge stretch is called), in which college boat clubs compete to 'bump' the crew in front. Beer FestivalBEER (www.cambridgebeerfestival.com; hMay) Hugely popular five-day beer and cider extravaganza on Jesus Green, featuring brews from all over the country as well as a great range of British cheeses. Folk FestivalMUSIC (www.cambridgefolkfestival.co.uk; hlate-Jul–early-Aug) Acclaimed four-day music fest in neighbouring Cherry Hinton Hall, which has hosted the likes of Van Morrison, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Sinéad O'Connor, Paul Simon and kd lang. May BallsFORMAL BALLS ( hearly Jun) The biggest student events of the year, the name of these formal balls don't match the month they're held in (June) because college authorities decided that May's traditional booze-fuelled revelry – just before the exams – wasn't such a great idea. Now they take place after the exams, but in a typically Cambridge quirk they keep the old name. Cambridge Shakespeare FestivalTHEATRE (www.cambridgeshakespeare.com; hJul & Aug) The bard's best-loved works performed in outdoor settings. 4Sleeping Cambridge YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9728; www.yha.org.uk; 97 Tenison Rd; dm/d £21/30; i W) Busy, recently renovated, popular hostel with compact dorms and good facilities near the railway station. Cambridge RoomsB&B (www.universityrooms.com/en/city/cambridge/home; s/d from £45/75) For an authentic taste of university life check into a student room in one of a range of colleges. Accommodation varies from functional singles (with shared bathroom) overlooking college courts to more modern, en suite rooms in nearby annexes. Breakfast is often in hall (the students' dining room). Worth HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-316074; www.worth-house.co.uk; 152 Chesterton Rd; s £65-75, d £65-100; p W) The welcome is wonderfully warm; the great-value rooms utterly delightful. Soft grey and cream meets candy-stripe reds, fancy bathrooms boast claw-footed baths, and tea trays are full of treats. There's also a three-person, self-catering apartment (per week £550) two doors down. Benson HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-311594; www.bensonhouse.co.uk; 24 Huntingdon Rd; s £70, d £90-115; p W) Lots of little things lift Benson a cut above, meaning you can sleep amongst feather pillows and cotton linen, before breakfasting off Royal Doulton bone china, tucking into kippers, croissants and fresh fruit. Tudor CottageB&B ( %01223-565212; www.tudorcottageguesthouse.co.uk; 292 Histon Rd; s/d £45/75; p W) Sweet features help make this neat-as-a-pin guesthouse feel like a home from home, from bedrooms boasting gleaming bathrooms, to the ranks of specialty teas, cereals, cakes and muffins at the breakfast table. It's 2 miles north of the City centre; bus 8 stops just outside. Rosa'sB&B ( %01223-512596; www.rosasbedandbreakfast.co.uk; 53 Roseford Rd; s £45-60; p W) One for solo travellers: a friendly, family-run B&B with four cosy singles that are studies in cream and pale wood. The hosts are engaging without being intrusive, it's 2 miles north of the city centre and bus 8 runs nearby. oVarsityBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-306030; www.thevarsityhotel.co.uk; Thompson's Lane; d £180-345; W) In the 48 individually styled rooms of riverside Varsity, wondrous furnishings and witty features (union-jack footstools, giant postage stamps) sit beside floor-to-ceiling glass windows, monsoon showers and iPod docks. The views from the roof terrace are frankly gorgeous. oHotel du VinHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-227330; www.hotelduvin.com; Trumpington St; d £200-230, ste £250-340; i W) Arguably the country's swishest, coolest chain delivers again here. Achingly beautiful rooms sport roll-top baths and Egyptian cotton sheets, the cosy cellar bar is vaulted, the bistro (mains £18) is chic and the modern mural in reception depicts a suitably wine-soaked May Ball. FelixBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-277977; www.hotelfelix.co.uk; Whitehouse Lane, Huntingdon Rd; s £175, d £210-260, ste £305-325; p i W) It's the bold modern art and imaginative design (fuchsia-pink chairs amid stately polished wood) that nudges Felix into the boutique sleep spots. That and the silk curtains, luxurious linens and stone-and-slate bathrooms. The Penthouse, up in the eaves, is an utterly romantic retreat. Felix is 1.5 miles northwest of the city. 5Eating AromiITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.aromi.co.uk; 1 Benet St; mains £4.50; h9am-8pm Fri-Sun, to 5pm Mon-Thu; v) Sometimes you should yield to temptation. So be drawn in by a window full of stunning Sicilian pizza and feast on light, crisp bases piled high with fresh spinach and Parma ham. Then succumb to the indecently thick hot chocolate; may as well make it a large. FitzbilliesBAKERY, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fitzbillies.com; 52 Trumpington St; cafe mains £6-16; h9am-9.30pm Thu-Sat, 8am-5pm Mon-Wed, 10am-5pm Sun) Cambridge's oldest bakery has a soft, doughy place in the hearts of generations of students, thanks to its ultrasticky Chelsea buns and other sweet treats. Pick up a bag-full to take away or munch in comfort in the quaint cafe next door. ByronBURGERS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.byronhamburgers.com; 12 Bridge St; mains £8; h11am-11pm) A bustling, better-than-average burger bar where students, families and business types perch on reclaimed banquettes tucking into prime patties and more. DojoASIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dojonoodlebar.co.uk; Mill Lane; mains £8; v) Favoured by students from nearby Queens' and noodle lovers in general, this smart, aroma-filled eatery rustles up the kind of spicy street food you'll find in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan and Vietnam. GardeniaGREEK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gardis.org.uk; 2 Rose Cres; mains £5; hnoon-4am; v) 'Gardi's' is responsible for the late-night nutrition of a large chunk of the student population, and its walls are plastered with photos of happy customers munching on the lamb souvlaki and doner kebabs. ClownsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 54 King St; mains £6; h8am-11pm; W) A friendly Italian family has created this Cambridge institution; a top spot for cooked breakfast, homemade lasagne, or lingering over a first-class coffee. Kingston ArmsPUB (www.kingston-arms.co.uk; 33 Kingston St; mains £5-16; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm Mon-Fri, noon-10pm Sat & Sun; W) Great gastropub grub – from roasts to white-onion soup and recession-busting mains (held at £4.99), keeps stomachs satisfied at the award-winning Kingston. Meanwhile 12 real ales, stacked board games and a students-meet-locals clientele deliver a contemporary Cambridge vibe. It's 1 mile southeast of the centre, along Parkside then down student-central Mill Rd. OakBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-323361; www.theoakbistro.co.uk; 6 Lensfield Rd; mains £12-20, set lunch 2/3 courses £13/16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) Truffles (white and black), olive pesto and rosemary jus are the kind of flavour intensifiers you'll find at this friendly but classy neighbourhood eatery where locally sourced duck, fish and beef come cooked just so. The set lunch is a bargain. Chop HouseBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cambscuisine.com/cambridge-chop-house; 1 Kings Pde; mains £14-20; hnoon-10.30pm Mon-Sat, to 9.30pm Sun) The window seats here deliver some of the best views in town – onto King's College's hallowed walls. The food is pure English establishment too: hearty steaks and chops and chips, plus a scattering of fish dishes and suet puds. Sister restaurant St John's Chop House ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 21-24 Northampton St) sits near the rear entrance to St John's College. HakkaCHINESE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hak-ka.co.uk; 24 Milton Rd; mains £10; h6.30-9.30pm; v) Chef Daniel's mother taught him the secrets of Hakka cooking and once you've tasted his signature salt-and-chilli chicken, you'll be inclined to give her a hug. The menu is extensive but the sizzling dishes stand out. oMidsummer HouseFINE DINING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-369299; www.midsummerhouse.co.uk; Midsummer Common; 5/7/10 courses £45/75/95; hnoon-1.30pm Wed-Sat, 7-9pm Tue-Sat) At the region's top tables Chef Daniel Clifford's double Michelin-starred creations are distinguished by depth of flavour and immense technical skill. Sample braised oxtail, coal-baked celeriac and scallops with truffle before dollops of dark chocolate, blood orange and marmalade ice cream. Wine flights start at £55. CottoINTERNATIONAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-302010; www.cottocambridge.co.uk; 183 East Rd; 3 courses £50; h6.30-9pm Wed-Sat; v) S An irresistible blend of artistry and precision ensure chef Hans Schweitzer's creations look gorgeous and taste fabulous. Delights might include saffron-infused Cromer crab and crayfish tian or herb-encrusted, salt marsh lamb, followed perhaps by a Caribbean palm sugar and vanilla bean brûlée. 6Drinking & Nightlife EaglePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gkpubs.co.uk; Benet St; h9am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) Cambridge's most famous pub has loosened the tongues and pickled the grey cells of many an illustrious academic; among them Nobel Prize–winning scientists Crick and Watson, who discussed their research into DNA here (note the blue plaque by the door). Fifteenth-century, wood-panelled and rambling, its cosy rooms include one with WWII airmens' signatures on the ceiling. The food, served all day, is good too. GrantaPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gkpubs.co.uk; Newnham Rd; h11am-11pm, to 10.30pm Sun) If the exterior of this picturesque waterside pub, overhanging a pretty mill pond, looks strangely familiar, it could be because it is the darling of many a TV director. No wonder, with its snug deck, riverside terrace and punts moored up alongside, it's a highly atmospheric spot to sup and watch the world drift by. MaypolePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.maypolefreehouse.co.uk; 20a Portugal Pl; h11.30am-midnight Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) A dozen pumps dispensing real ale, a roomy beer garden and a friendly, unreconstructed vibe make this red-brick pub popular with the locals. That and hearty, homemade Italian food and an annual festival championing regional and microbrewery beers. FezCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cambridgefez.com; 15 Market Passage; h10pm-3am) Hip-hop, dance, R&B, techno, funk, indie, top-name DJs and club nights – you'll find it all at Cambridge's most popular club, the Moroccan-themed Fez, strewn with Turkish rugs and cushions. Lola LoCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lolalocambridge.com; 1 Corn Exchange St; h10pm-3am Wed-Mon) Bringing a South Pacific vibe to the centre of Cambridge, Lola Lo specialises in cocktails and themed nights, featuring commercial dance, drum 'n' bass and club anthems. Grass skirts are de rigueur for ladies (though we might be lying). 3Entertainment Portland ArmsLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theportlandarms.co.uk; 129 Chesterton Rd; h11am-11.30pm, to 12.30am Fri & Sat) A popular student haunt, the Portland is the best spot in town to catch a gig and see the pick of up-and-coming bands. It has a wood-panelled interior, a spacious terrace and a monthly comedy night too. ADCTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.adctheatre.com; Park St) This famous student-run theatre is home to the university's Footlights comedy troupe whose past members include Emma Thompson, Hugh Laurie and Stephen Fry. JunctionPERFORMING ARTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-578000; www.junction.co.uk; Clifton Way) Theatre, dance, comedy, live bands and club nights at a contemporary performance venue near the railway station. It's 1.5 miles southeast of the city centre, down Regent St (later Hills Rd). Cambridge Arts Theatre THEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-503333; www.cambridgeartstheatre.com; 6 St Edward's Passage) Cambridge's biggest bona fide theatre puts on everything from highbrow drama and dance, to panto and shows fresh from London's West End. Corn ExchangePERFORMING ARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01223-357851; www.cornex.co.uk; Wheeler St) Venue attracting the top names, from pop and rock to comedy. 8Information Addenbrooke's HOSPITAL (www.cuh.org.uk; Hills Rd) Hospital 4 miles southeast of the centre. CB1INTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cb1.com; 32 Mill Rd; per hr £1.80; h9.30am-8pm; W) Internet cafe half a mile southeast of the centre. Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cambs.police.uk; Parkside; h8am-10pm) On the north east corner of Parker's Piece. Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St Andrew's St; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871-226 8006; www.visitcambridge.org; Peas Hill; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 11am-3pm Sun Apr-Oct) 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses run by National Express ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalexpress.com) leave from Parkside. Destinations include the following: A **Gatwick** £20, 4½ hours, hourly A **Heathrow** £17, four hours, hourly A **Oxford** £15, 3½ hours, every 30 minutes A **Stansted** £10, 50 minutes, hourly Car Cambridge's centre is largely pedestrianised. The city's multistorey car parks charge between £2.50 and £4.80 for two hours. Five free Park & Ride car parks circle the city on the major routes, with buses (return tickets £2.90) shuttling into the city centre every 10 to 15 minutes between around 7am and 8pm. Train The train station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) is 1.5 miles southeast of the centre. Destinations include the following: A **Birmingham New Street** £32, four hours, hourly A **Bury St Edmunds** £10, 50 minutes, hourly A **Ely** £4,15 minutes, three per hour A **King's Lynn** £10, 45 minutes, hourly A **London Kings Cross** £18, one hour, two to four per hour A **Stansted** £15, 30 minutes to 1¼ hours, two per hour 8Getting Around Bicycle Cambridge is incredibly bike-friendly, with two wheels providing an ideal, and atmospheric, way to get around town. Station CyclesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stationcycles.co.uk; Corn Exchange St; per half-day/day/week £7/10/25; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) In the heart of town, underneath the Grand Arcade shopping centre. There's another branch on Station Rd at the train station. City Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.citycyclehire.com; 61 Newnham Rd; per half-day/day/week £7/10/25; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, plus 9am-5pm Sat Apr-Oct) A mile southwest of the city centre Bus Bus routes run around town from the main bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Drummer St). Many operate until around 11.30pm. C1, C3 and C7 stop at the train station. A Dayrider ticket (£3.90) provides 24 hours, unlimited, citywide bus travel. ### OLIVER CROMWELL – THE SCOURGE OF KINGS While some believe the enigmatic Cromwell was a regicidal dictator, others hail him as a hero of liberty – although the truth is probably more complex than either. East Anglia's most notorious son was born in Huntingdon in 1599. His first 40 years or so on a smallholding were spent in obscurity, but after he underwent a religious conversion and became a militant Puritan there was no stopping him, driven as he was by ambition and clarity of purpose before God. After a spell as a Member of Parliament for Huntingdon and then Cambridge, 'Old Ironsides' excelled as a military commander during the English Civil War, fighting on the side of the victorious 'Roundheads' (ie those siding with parliament against the king). Despite the fact that he was only one of several signatories of the death warrant of Charles I, he is the one largely held responsible. Though modern interpretation suggests Cromwell allowed Jews (expelled in 1290) back into Britain to 'stimulate the economy', the fact that he used the full weight of his office as lord protector to force through this unpopular decision shows how firmly he believed that the conversion of the Jews to Christianity was an essential precondition to the establishment of Christ's rule on earth: 'Was it not our duty in particular to encourage them to settle here, where alone they could be taught the truth?' His other major actions were the conquests of Ireland and Scotland, acts that – together with the death of Charles I – won him widespread posthumous animosity, to the point where his body was exhumed from Westminster Abbey after the Restoration (of the monarchy) and then treated as if he had been a live rebel: hanged at Tyburn and decapitated. The body was almost certainly thrown into the common pit at Tyburn (the present-day site of Marble Arch), while the head was stuck on Westminster Hall and remained there for several decades, blowing down in a storm in the early 18th century. Picked up, it passed into private ownership and was occasionally exhibited as a curiosity. A descendant of its last owner deeded it to Sidney Sussex College in 1960 – Cromwell's alma mater – and it was buried in the chapel. There is a plaque on the wall but the exact location is kept secret, lest self-proclaimed Royalists dig it up and defile it. ### Grantchester Pop 560 Old thatched cottages with gardens covered in flowers, breezy meadows and classic cream teas aren't the only reason to make the pilgrimage along the Cam to the picture-postcard village of Grantchester. You'll also be following in the footsteps of some of the world's greatest minds on a 3-mile walk, cycle or punt that has changed little since Edwardian times. After the idyllic journey, flop into a deck chair under a leafy apple tree and wolf down calorific cakes or light lunches at the quintessentially English Orchard Tea Garden (www.orchard-grantchester.com; Mill Way; lunch mains £4-9, cakes £3; h9.30am-5pm Mar-Oct 10am-4pm Nov-Feb). This was the favourite haunt of the Bloomsbury Group who came to camp, picnic, swim and discuss their work. ### Imperial War Museum oImperial War MuseumMUSEUM (www.iwm.org.uk; Duxford; adult/child £17.50/free; h10am-6pm Easter-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Easter; p c) The romance of the winged war machine is alive and well at Europe's biggest aviation museum, where almost 200 lovingly preserved vintage aircraft are housed in several enormous hangars. The vast airfield showcases everything from dive bombers to biplanes, Spitfire and Concorde. The last admission is an hour before closing. Duxford is 9 miles south of Cambridge at Junction 10 of the M11. Bus C7 runs from Emmanuel St in Cambridge to Duxford (£3.50, 50 minutes, two-to-three per hour). Make this a day trip, especially if you're bringing kids – the interactive rocket launchers and flight simulators prove pretty irresistible. The awe-inspiring **American Air Museum** hangar, designed by Norman Foster, pays homage to the daring of US WWII servicemen and hosts the largest collection of American civil and military aircraft outside the USA, while the slick **AirSpace** hangar houses an exhibition on British and Commonwealth aviation. The planes aren't here to just look pretty – a number, such as the legendary _Flying Fortress,_ take to the skies during the ultrapopular June/July **Winged Legends airshow** – an exhilarating spectacle not least because there's considerable risk involved for pilots. Modern battles are also covered, including the latest desert warfare in Afghanistan and Iraq, complete with an assortment of tanks and artillery from WWII onwards. ### Ely Pop 20,200 A small but charming city dominated by a jaw-dropping cathedral, Ely makes an excellent day trip from Cambridge. It takes its name (pronounced _ee_ -lee) from the eels that once inhabited the undrained Fens surrounding the town. From the Middle Ages onwards, Ely was one of the biggest opium-producing centres in Britain, with high-class ladies holding 'poppy parties' and mothers in the Fens sedating their children with 'poppy tea'. Today, beyond the dizzying heights of the cathedral towers, Ely is a cluster of medieval streets lined with traditional tearooms and pretty Georgian houses; a quaint quayside adds extra appeal. 1Sights Ely CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.elycathedral.org; The Gallery; adult/child £8/free, entry & tower tour £14.50/free; h7am-6.30pm, evensong 5.30pm Mon-Sat, 4pm Sun, choral service 10.30am Sun) Ely Cathedral's stunning silhouette dominates the whole area – it's dubbed the 'Ship of the Fens' because it's so visible across the vast, flat sweeps of land. The early-12th-century **nave** dazzles with clean, uncluttered lines and a lofty sense of space. Look out too for the entrancing ceiling, the masterly 14th-century **Octagon** , and **towers** that soar upwards in shimmering colours. Standard admission includes a ground-floor guided tour. The tower tours (three to five daily) deliver behind-the-scenes glimpses, 165 steps and remarkable views. Ely has been a place of worship and pilgrimage since at least 673, when Etheldreda, daughter of the king of East Anglia, founded a nunnery here (shrugging off the fact that she had been twice married in her determination to become a nun). She was canonised shortly after her death. The nunnery was sacked by the Danes, rebuilt as a monastery, demolished and then resurrected as a church after the Norman Conquest. In 1109 Ely became a cathedral. Gothic arches were added later to support the weight of the mighty walls. The vast 14th-century **Lady Chapel** is filled with eerily empty niches that once held statues of saints and martyrs. They were hacked out unceremoniously by iconoclasts during the English Civil War. But the delicate tracery remains, overseen by a rather controversial statue of _Holy Mary_ by David Wynne, unveiled in 2000 to mixed reviews. The cathedral's beauty has made it a popular film location: you may recognise some of its fine details from scenes in _Elizabeth: The Golden Age_ and _The Other Boleyn Girl_. For optimum atmosphere, visit during evensong or a choral service. Oliver Cromwell's HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.olivercromwellshouse.co.uk; 29 St Mary's St; adult/child £4.60/3.10; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Mar) England's premier Puritan lived in this attractive, half-timbered house with his family from 1636 to 1647, when he was the local tithe collector. The interior has been restored to reflect the fixtures and fittings that would have been part of their daily lives – expect flickering candles, floppy hats and writing quills. It's engaging and entertaining, and also challenges you to answer one question: was this complex character a hero or a villain? Ely MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.elymuseum.org.uk; Market St; adult/child £3.50/1; h10.30am-5pm Wed-Sat & Mon, 1-5pm Sun Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Housed in the Old Gaol House, this quirky little museum appropriately features gruesome prison tableaux inside prisoners' cells, plus displays on Romans, Anglo-Saxons, the Long Barrow burial ground at nearby Haddlington, and the formation of the Fens. You are also initiated into the mysteries of old Ely trades such as leatherwork and eel-catching. 4Sleeping & Eating oPeacocks B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01353-661100; www.peacockstearoom.co.uk; 65 Waterside; d £125-150) Walk into the roomy suites here and feel instantly at home. In Cottage, floral Laura Ashley wallpaper graces a sweet sitting area and bedroom; in Brewery, the vintage books, gilt mirrors and burnished antiques are reminiscent of a grand gentlemen's club. Downstairs, the award-winning cafe (open 10.30am to 5pm Wednesday to Sunday) serves a vast selection of teas and cream teas (from £7), luscious homemade soups, salads, cakes and scones. Riverside InnB&B ( %01353-661677; www.riversideinn-ely.co.uk; 8 Annesdale; s/d £65/90; p) In this Georgian guesthouse on Ely's quay, rooms team with brocade bedspreads and dark furniture with sparkling new bathrooms. Just the place to gaze at the houseboats and rowers bobbing about on the River Great Ouse. Old Fire Engine HouseBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01353-662582; www.theoldfireenginehouse.co.uk; 25 St Mary's St; lunch 2/3 courses £15/20, mains £16; hnoon-2pm & 7-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-2pm Sun) S Eating here is like sampling the dishes cooked up in a (decidedly classy) classic East Anglian farmhouse kitchen. Seasonal and local produce rules, so treats might include Suffolk venison or quince and Stilton tart with Fen celery or Norfolk samphire, rounded off with some custard-smothered, steamed treacle pud. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01353-662062; www.visitely.org.uk; 29 St Mary's St; h10am-4pm) Stocks leaflets (50p) on the picturesque 'Eel Trail' and Fen Rivers Way circular walks (£2). 8Getting There & Away You can walk to Ely from Cambridge, along the 17-mile, riverside Fen Rivers Way. Rail connections include: A **Cambridge** £4,15 minutes, three per hour A **King's Lynn** £7, 30 minutes, hourly A **Norwich** £16, one hour, every 30 minutes ## Essex The county's inhabitants have been the butt of snobbery and some of England's cruellest jokes for years, thanks to pop-culture stereotypes. But beyond the fake Burberry bags and slots 'n' bumper car resorts, the county's still-idyllic medieval villages and rolling countryside provided inspiration for Constable, one of England's best-loved painters. Here, too, is the historic town of Colchester, while even Southend-on-Sea, the area's most popular resort, has a softer side in the traditional cockle-sellers and cobbled lanes of the sleepy suburb Leigh. ### Colchester Pop 173,074 Dominated by its sturdy castle and extensive Roman walls, Colchester is Britain's oldest recorded city, dating from the 5th century BC. In AD 43, the Romans came, saw, conquered and constructed their northern capital Camulodunum. It was razed by Boudica just 17 years later. In the 11th century the invading Normans built a mighty castle; today it's set amid a maze of narrow streets that are home to a striking new arts space and some half-timbered gems. 1Sights oColchester CastleCASTLE (www.cimuseums.org.uk; adult/child £7.50/4.75; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Built in 1076 on the foundations of the Roman Temple of Claudius, England's largest surviving Norman keep is bigger than that of the Tower of London. Over the centuries it's been a royal residence, a prison and home to a Witchfinder General. Now a £4-million restoration has brought 21st-century technology to its 11th-century walls. Look out for mobile phone apps and tablet hire, and a cracking _son et lumiere_ re-creating lost internal structures and bringing the building's history to life. firstsiteARTS CENTRE (www.firstsite.uk.net; Lewis Gdns; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; c) F Colchester's shiny curved, glass-and-copper arts centre brings the town bang up to date. It's as striking inside as out: installations flow seamlessly into one another amid a wealth of space and light. Temporary visual art display are cunningly juxtaposed with historical works; the one permanent exhibition is the magnificent Berryfield Mosaic – a Roman artefact found on firstsite's location in 1923, and now under glass in the centre of the gallery space. Hollytrees MuseumMUSEUM (www.cimuseums.org.uk; Castle Park; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) F It's like walking into a period drama: a Georgian town house dating from 1718, filled with toys and costumes, watches and clocks. Reminders of the domestic life of the wealthy owners and their servants are everywhere, with quirky exhibits that include a shipwright's baby carriage in the shape of a boat, a make-your-own Victorian silhouette feature and an intricate, envy-inducing dolls' house. Dutch QuarterHISTORIC NEIGHBOURHOOD The best of the city's half-timbered houses and rickety roof lines are clustered together in this Tudor enclave just a short stroll north of High St. The area remains as a testament to the 16th-century Protestant weavers who fled here from Holland. 4Sleeping & Eating North HillHOTEL (Green Room; %01206-574001; www.northhillhotel.com; 50 North Hill; s £65-80, d/f/ste £90/120/110; W) Ask for a room in the more characterful, back building of this sleek sleep spot and you'll be rewarded with wonky beams, exposed red brick and plush modern furnishings. The restaurant (open noon to 2.30pm daily and 6pm to 9.30pm Monday to Saturday) delights in giving local, seasonal comfort food classics a contemporary twist. Dinner mains are around £15 and their working lunch (mains £7) is a snip. Four SevensB&B ( %01206-546093; www.foursevens.co.uk; 28 Inglis Rd; s £55-60, d £65-75; p W) The far-from-frilly furnishings here feature stand-alone bowl sinks, industrial-esque clothes rails and platform beds. Impressive breakfasts include eight cereal options, and guests are often welcomed with sponge cake or even tiramisu. It's a mile southwest of the centre, off the B1022 to Maldon. oCompany ShedSEAFOOD ( %01206-382700; www.the-company-shed.co.uk; 129 Coast Rd, West Mersea; mains £4-12; h9am-5pm Tue-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) Bring your own bread and wine to this seaside shack to tuck into mussels, Colchester oysters, prawns, lobster, jellied eels and smoked fish, courtesy of the Howard family – eighth-generation oyster-men. It's set on Mersea Island, 9 miles south of Colchester; check the tides – it's cut off for an hour either side of particularly high water. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01206-282920; www.visitcolchester.com; Castle Park; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) Now set inside the Hollytrees Museum. 8Getting There & Away National Express buses run to London Victoria every two hours (£15, 2½ hours). Trains run to London Liverpool Street (£18, one hour, every 15 minutes). ### Dedham Vale John Constable's romantic visions of country lanes, springtime fields and babbling creeks were inspired by and painted in this serene vale. The artist was born and bred in East Bergholt in 1776 and, although you may not see the rickety old cart pictured in his renowned painting _The Hay Wain,_ the picturesque cottages, rolling countryside and languid charm remains. Now known as Constable Country, Dedham Vale (www.dedhamvalestourvalley.org) centres on the villages of Dedham, East Bergholt and Flatford. With leafy lanes, arresting pastoral views and graceful old churches, it's a glorious area to explore on foot or by bike. 1Sights Bridge CottageHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01206-298260; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Flatford, nr East Bergholt; parking £3; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 3.30pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) F Set right beside Flatford Mill – a feature of several Constable paintings – thatched Bridge Cottage has an exhibition that provides a fine introduction to the artist's life and works. Call ahead about the daily guided tours (£6.50) which take in Flatford Mill, Willy Lott's Cottage (which features in _The Hay Wain_ ) and other sites that pop up in Constable's paintings. There are also self-guided routes. Flatford MillHISTORIC BUILDING (Flatford, nr East Bergholt; p) Constable fans will recognise red-brick Flatford Mill immediately, as it appears in many of his canvases and remains as idyllic a setting today. It was once owned by the artist's family and is now used as an education centre, so although you can take in picture-perfect views from front and back, you can't go in. CCourses Painting CoursesART ( %01206-323027; www.dedhamhall.co.uk; Brook St, Dedham; nonresidents per 3/7 days £295/325) For those inspired by Dedham Vale's bucolic landscapes, atmospheric Dedham Hall runs acclaimed painting courses in a converted, 14th-century barn. You can just visit each day for lessons, but it's more fun to stay, when the fee (per three/seven nights from £495/650) includes dinner, bed and breakfast. 4Sleeping & Eating SunINN ( %01206-323351; www.thesuninndedham.com; High St, Dedham; d £110-150; p W) Choices, choices, choices. The Rocco-themed, duck-egg-blue room, or the one with a four-poster, beamed bathroom and its own ghost? The lamb kofka and mojitos or the Stilton ploughmans and real ale? Either way the 15th-century Sun delivers wonky walls, creaking floors and bags of charm. The restaurant (mains £13 to £19) is open noon to 2.30pm and 6.30pm to 9.30pm. MilsomsHOTEL ( %01206-322795; www.milsomhotels.com; Stratford Rd, Dedham; d £120-200; p W) Sure-footed design gives the rooms here a real sense of fun: red-leather armchairs, Anglepoise lamps and retro phones meet vast leaning mirrors and jazzy modern art. But the peppery pistachio-crusted salmon or lemon posset in the funky brasserie (open noon to 9.30pm, mains £8 to £27) might tempt you from your room. Dedham HallB&B ( %01206-323027; www.dedhamhall.co.uk; Brook St, Dedham; s/d £65/110, 3 courses £35; p) From the beamed bar and cosy lounge to the plump furnishings and shelves of vintage books, it's all atmosphere at this rambling, 15th-century house. Chairs and tables dot landscaped lawns, while the Fountain House restaurant (three courses £35, booking required) dishes up elegant, imaginative fare. Maison TalboothBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01206-322367; www.milsomhotels.com; Stratford Rd, Dedham; ste £210-345; p W s) In secluded grounds overlooking Constable's Dedham Vale, this fabulous retreat sees guests luxuriating in swish suites with goose-feather duvets and don't-want-to-get-up beds, and de-stressing in its heated pool, hot tub, tennis courts and spa. 8Getting There & Around Buses 247 and 102 run from Colchester to Dedham (£2.20, 30 minutes, two to eight daily). Bus 93 links Colchester with East Bergholt (£2.60, 45 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday). If coming by train, Flatford Mill is a lovely 2-mile walk from Manningtree station. ### Saffron Walden Pop 14,572 The 12th-century market town of Saffron Walden is a delightful knot of half-timbered houses, narrow lanes, crooked roofs and ancient buildings. It gets its name from the purple saffron crocus (source of the world's most expensive spice), which was cultivated in the surrounding fields between the 15th and 18th centuries. It makes an atmospheric day trip from Cambridge. 1Sights Old Sun InnHISTORIC BUILDING (Church St) Saffron Walden's most famous landmark sits at a crossroads surrounded by timber-framed buildings. An ornate, 14th-century structure, it was once used as Cromwell's HQ and its exterior walls still bear intricate 17th-century pargeting (decorative plaster work). St Mary the VirginCHURCH (www.stmaryssaffronwalden.org; Church St; h8am-5pm) F St Mary's oldest parts date back to 1250. A symbol of the town's saffron-inspired golden age, it is one of the largest churches in the county and features some impressive Gothic arches, and local landowner Lord Audley's tomb. Saffron Walden MuseumMUSEUM (www.saffronwaldenmuseum.org; Museum St; adult/child £1.50/free; h10am-4.30pm Tue-Sat, to 2pm Sun) Eclectic collections here range from local history, 18th-century costumes and Victorian toys to geology, ancient Egyptian artefacts and Inuit bone harpoons. The bramble-covered ruins of **Walden Castle Keep** , built about 1125, lie in the grounds. Bridge End GardensGARDENS ( hgardens 24hr, maze & kitchen garden 9am-3pm Mon-Thu, to 1pm Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun) F Careful restoration of these seven interlinked gardens has brought them back to their former Victorian glory. Make sure you visit when the maze and produce-packed kitchen garden are open too. #### DON'T MISS ### AUDLEY END HOUSE PARK Audley End House ParkGARDENS ( h10am-6pm Wed-Sun) Positively palatial in its scale, style and the all-too-apparent ambition of its creator, the first earl of Suffolk, the fabulous early-Jacobean Audley End House eventually did become a royal palace when it was bought by Charles II in 1668. Audley End House is 1 mile west of Saffron Walden off the B1383. Audley End train station is 1.25 miles from the house. Taxis from the town marketplace cost around £5. Today, the enormous building is only one-third of its original size, but it's still magnificent. Lavishly decorated rooms glitter with silverware, priceless furniture and paintings, making it one of England's grandest country homes. The sumptuous interior was remodelled in Gothic style by the third Baron Braybrooke in the 19th century, and much of his creation remains today. The house is surrounded by a landscaped park (open 10am to 6pm Wednesday to Sunday) designed by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown and is host to concerts throughout the summer months. 5Eating Eight BellsPUB (www.8bells-pub.co.uk; 18 Bridge St; mains £12-20; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; v) A warm mix of medieval character and contemporary style, this 16th-century gastropub serves up the likes of roast pork tenderloin with sage-infused apple and home-cured gravlax. Scrubbed wooden floors, half-timbered walls, abstract art, deep leather sofas and roaring fires make it an attractive place to sip on a pint too. Cafe CoucouCAFE (www.cafecoucou.co.uk; 17 George St; mains £7-10; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Delicious homemade quiches, huge scones, chunky doorstop sandwiches and salads sell like hotcakes at this cheerful family-run cafe. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01799-524002; www.visitsaffronwalden.gov.uk; 1 Market Pl; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) Stocks a good town trail leaflet on the historic buildings. 8Getting There & Around Bus 7 runs between Saffron Walden and Cambridge (£4, one hour, hourly). The nearest train station is 2 miles west of Saffron Walden at Audley End. Bus 301 links Audley End train station with Saffron Walden (£1.70, 15 minutes, hourly Monday to Friday). Train services from there include: A **Cambridge** £7, 20 minutes, every 20 minutes A **London Liverpool Street** £11, one hour, twice hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday ### Southend-on-Sea Pop 173,600 Full of flashing lights and fairground rides, Southend is London's weekend playground, replete with gaudy amusements and packed-out nightclubs. But as well as all that, there's a glorious stretch of sandy beach, an absurdly long pier and, in the suburb of Old Leigh, a traditional fishing village. 1Sights Southend PierLANDMARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.southend.gov.uk/pier; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 8pm Sat & Sun Apr-Sep, 9am-5pm Wed-Sun Oct-Mar) F Welcome to the world's longest pier – a staggering 1.34 miles long, to be precise – built in 1830 and a magnet for boat crashes, storms and fires, the last of which ravaged its tip in 2005. Today, a peaceful if windy stroll to the restored pier head reveals a cafe, artists' studios and the 185-seater **Royal Pavilion**. Hopping on the **Pier Railway** (single adult/child £3.50/2) saves the long slog back. Pier MuseumMUSEUM (www.southendpiermuseum.co.uk; Marine Pde; adult/child £1.50/50p; h11am-5pm Sat, Sun, Tue & Wed Mar-Oct) Southend's seaside heyday springs to life in this charming museum, where a Victorian toast-rack tram from the pier sits beside a functioning signal box, sepia photos and period costumes. The best bits though are the still-working antique penny-slot machines. Old LeighNEIGHBOURHOOD Cobbled streets, cockle sheds, art galleries and craft shops define atmospheric Old Leigh. It's a long stroll west along Southend's seafront, or a short hop on the local train. 4Sleeping & Eating Roslin BeachHOTEL ( %01702-586375; www.roslinhotel.com; Thorpe Esplanade; s/d/ste £87/120/185, mains £14-22; p W #) Seafront Roslin is all New England beach-house chic: sculptural driftwood features, seashell-framed mirrors and sand drifting up the steps. De-knot in the sauna, soak in the spa then sample locally-caught whitebait on the water-view terrace, framed by swaying palms. Food is served noon to 3pm and 6pm to 9pm. BeachesB&B ( %01702-586124; www.beachesguesthouse.co.uk; 192 Eastern Esplanade; s/d from £40/90; p W) A welcome respite from violent florals and heavy swag curtains, rooms at Beaches are bright, simple and tasteful, with white Egyptian-cotton bed linen, feather duvets and subtle colour schemes. Osborne BrosSEAFOOD (www.osbornebros.co.uk; High St, Leigh-on-Sea; snacks £2.50, mains £6; h8am-5pm) Part fish stall, part bare-bones cafe, Osbourne's is set right on Old Leigh's waterfront and serves up expansive Thames Estuary views. As it's run by a seafood merchant there are also cockles, mussels, prawns and jellied eels to go with your salad or jacket spud. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( %01702-618747; www.visitsouthend.co.uk; Western Esplanade; h8am-6pm Arp-Oct, 9am-5pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar) At the entrance to the pier. 8Getting There & Around Southend has two train stations: Central (10 minutes' walk from the sea) and Victoria (15 minutes from the shore). A **London Liverpool Street** £15, one hour, four per hour, from Southend Victoria. A **London Fenchurch St** £11, 55 minutes, four per hour, from Southend Central. A **Leigh-on-Sea** £3, seven minutes, every 15 minutes, from Southend Central. ## Suffolk Suffolk is dotted with picturesque villages seemingly lost in time. The county made its money on the back of the medieval wool trade and magnificent churches and lavish Tudor homes attest to the area's wealthy past. To the west are the picture-postcard villages of Lavenham and Long Melford. Further north Bury St Edmunds ushers in historic buildings and a market-town vibe. While the appealing seaside resorts of Aldeburgh and Southwold overflow with genteel charm. #### DON'T MISS ### SUTTON HOO Sutton Hoo HISTORIC SITE (NT; %01394-389700; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Sutton Hoo, nr Woodbridge; adult/child £7.50/3.70; h10.30am-5pm Easter-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Easter; p c) Somehow missed by plundering grave robbers and left undisturbed for 1300 years, the hull of an enormous Anglo-Saxon ship was discovered here in 1939, buried under a mound of earth. The vessel was the final resting place of Raedwald, King of East Anglia until AD 625, and was stuffed with Saxon riches, reflecting a sophisticated culture that's conveyed beautifully in on-site displays. The massive effort that went into Raedwald's burial gives some idea of just how important a man he was, while the elaborate nature of the treasures transformed perceptions of the era. Many of the original finds and a full-scale reconstruction of his ship and burial chamber can be seen in the visitor centre. The finest treasures, including the king's exquisitely crafted helmet, shields, gold ornaments and Byzantine silver, are displayed in London's British Museum, but replicas are on show here, along with an original prince's sword. Paths encircle the 18 burial mounds (which look like bumps in the ground) that make up the 'royal cemetery'. You can only walk onto them as part of a one-hour **guided tour** (adult/child £2.50/1.25), which provides a fascinating insight into the site. Call to check for tour times. Sutton Hoo is 2 miles east of Woodbridge and 6 miles northeast of Ipswich off the B1083. 8Getting Around Ipswich is the county's main transport hub. Search online for bus routes via Suffolk County Tourism (www.suffolkonboard.com) and Traveline. Trains connections from Ipswich include the following: A **Bury St Edmunds** £9, 30 minutes, two per hour A **London Liverpool Street** £30, 1¼ hours, every 20 minutes A **Norwich** £15, 40 minutes, two per hour ### Long Melford Pop 2898 Two Elizabethan manors and some fine eateries make Long Melford deserving of a detour. Its expansive village green, antiques shops and string of independent stores provide other excellent reasons to meander on through. 1Sights Kentwell HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01787-310207; www.kentwell.co.uk; adult/child £11.50/8; p) Gorgeous, turreted, haunted Kentwell Hall may date from the 1500s and be full of Tudor grandeur, but the manor house is still used as a private home, resulting in a wonderfully lived-in feel. It's framed by a rectangular moat, glorious gardens and an irresistible rare-breeds farm. Keep an eye out for the Tudor re-enactment events, when the whole estate bristles with bodices, codpieces and hose, and Scaresville – a costumed Halloween extravaganza. Opening hours are erratic, call to check, though it's open noon to 4pm most days in summer, plus other weekends. Melford HallHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Hall St; adult/child £7/3.40; h1-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Oct; p) From outside, the romantic Elizabethan mansion of Melford Hall seems little changed since it entertained Queen Elizabeth I in 1578. Inside, there's a panelled banqueting hall, masses of Regency and Victorian finery, and a display on Beatrix Potter, who was a cousin of the Parkers, who owned the house from 1786 to 1960. Holy Trinity CHURCH (www.longmelfordchurch.com; Church Walk; h10am-5pm) Magnificent Holy Trinity is more cathedral-sized than church-sized, a spectacular example of a 15th-century wool church. The stained-glass windows and flint and stone flushwork are outstanding. 4Sleeping & Eating Black LionHOTEL ( %01787-312356; www.blacklionhotel.net; The Green; s/d/ste £100/125/175, mains £16; p W) There's more than a hint of the Scottish Highlands at the smashing Black Lion, thanks to tartan carpets, open fires and ancient-looking oil paintings. Flamboyant bedrooms, all swag curtains and feature beds, are named after classy wines – Yquem is, fittingly, floor-to-ceiling rich red. The food, served noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm, is a combo of contemporary style and traditional elegance too. BullINN ( %01787-378494; www.oldenglishinns.co.uk; Hall St; s/d £60/80, mains £8-12; p W) They've been serving travellers at this rambling village pub since 1580, and its bars are pleasantly businesslike despite ornate carved ceilings and heraldic crests. For maximum atmosphere check into a front-facing bedroom; it'll be rich in aged beams and dark wood. Food is served noon to 9.30pm. Scutcher's BistroBRITISH ( %01787-310200; www.scutchers.com; Westgate St; mains £20-30; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Thu-Sat) Beautiful reinventions of traditional ingredients ensure this unpretentious place is renowned throughout the Stour Valley. Local Gressingham duck might be given an Asian twist; wild seabass could be paired with Milanese risotto. It's modern, classy and assured. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### DRINK LIKE A LOCAL Pints produce by Greene King and Adnams have been the top tipples of generations of East Anglians, and two brewery tours provide insights into just how they're made: at the Georgian Greene King brewery in Bury St Edmond's and the Adnams base in Victorian Southwold. Both are intriguing glimpses into the region's heritage brews – and see you sampling the produce too. 8Getting There & Away Bus links include the following: A **Bury St Edmunds** £3.95, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday. A **Sudbury** £1, 10 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday. ### Sudbury Pop 13,000 Besides giving us the celebrated portrait and landscape painter Thomas Gainsborough (1727–88) and being the model for Charles Dickens' fictional town Eatanswill in _The Pickwick Papers_ (1837), Sudbury is a bustling market town that prospered during the wool trade, with small-scale silk weaving surviving to this day. Most visitors to Sudbury come to see Gainsborough's House (www.gainsborough.org; 46 Gainsborough St; adult/child £6.50/2; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat), the artist's birthplace and home to the world's largest collection of his work. The 16th-century house and gardens feature a Georgian facade built by the artist's father. Inside, look for his earliest surviving portrait, _A Boy and a Girl in a Landscape,_ the exquisite _Portrait of Harriett, Viscountess Tracy,_ celebrated for its delicate portrayal of drapery, and the landscapes that were his passion. Sudbury's train station has hourly connections to London Liverpool Sreet (£26, 1¼ hours). Regular buses run to Ipswich (one hour), Long Melford (13 minutes), Lavenham (30 minutes), Bury St Edmunds (one hour) and Colchester (one hour). ### Lavenham Pop 1413 One of East Anglia's most beautiful and rewarding towns, the former wool-trade centre of Lavenham is home to a collection of exquisitely preserved medieval buildings that lean and lurch to dramatic effect. Lavenham's 300 half-timbered, pargeted and thatched houses have been left virtually untouched since the 15th century; many are now superb places to eat and stay. 1Sights Guildhall of Corpus ChristiHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Market Pl; adult/child £5.35/2.65; h11am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Mar & Nov) Lavenham's most enchanting buildings are clustered along High St, Water St and around the unusually triangular Market Pl. They're dominated by this early-16th-century whitewashed guildhall – a superb example of a close-studded, timber-framed building. It is now a local-history museum with displays on the wool trade and medieval guilds; in its tranquil garden you can see dye plants that produced the typical medieval colours. Little HallHISTORIC BUILDING (www.littlehall.org.uk; Market Pl; adult/child £3.50/free; h2-4.30pm Tue-Thu, Sat & Sun, 10am-1pm Mon Apr-Oct) Caramel-coloured, 14th-century Little Hall was once home to a successful wool merchant. Inside, the rooms of this medieval gem had been restored to period splendour through the efforts of the Gayer-Anderson twins who made it their home in the 1920s and 1930s. St Peter & St PaulCHURCH (www.lavenhamchurch.wordpress.com; Church St; h8.30am-5.30pm) This late-Perpendicular structure seems to lift into the sky, with its beautifully proportioned windows, soaring flint tower and gargoyle waterspouts. Built between 1485 and 1530, it was one of Suffolk's last great wool churches, completed on the eve of the Reformation, and is now a lofty testament to Lavenham's past prosperity. TTours Guided WalksWALKING TOUR (adult/child £4/free; h2.30pm Sat, 11am Sun Easter-Oct) Delve deep into the stories behind Lavenham's beautiful buildings on these guided strolls. They leave from the tourist office; there's no need to book. 4Sleeping & Eating oAngelHOTEL ( %01787-247388; www.wheelersangel.com; Market Pl; s £85, d £75-125, mains £12-19; p W) For what you get, this is ridiculously good value. In Lavenham's oldest building, dark-green corridors lead to gorgeously renovated large, bright, beam-scored rooms. It also happens to be run by renowned chef Marco Pierre White; the food (served noon to 2.30pm and 6pm to 9pm) is a seriously good version of bistro-meets-pub-grub. Lavenham PrioryB&B ( %01787-247404; www.lavenhampriory.co.uk; Water St; s/d from £87/120; p W) A rare treat – a sumptuously restored, 13th-century B&B that steals your heart as soon as you walk in. The history-rich bedrooms (here called 'bedchambers', naturally) feature cavernous fireplaces, leaded windows, oak floors, original wall paintings and canopied four-poster beds. Book well in advance. Guinea HouseB&B ( %01787-249046; www.guineahouse.co.uk; 16 Bolton St; d £75-85) Get ready to duck – some of the doors in this superbly snug, 15th-century cottage are only 5ft tall. Sloping roofs meet sloping walls, slanting floors support wildly wonky beams. And the Aga-cooked breakfast is served in front of a vast fireplace. Perfect. oSwanHOTEL ( %01787-247477; www.theswanatlavenham.co.uk; High St; s £105, d £195-290, ste £350; p W) Marvellously medieval and utterly indulgent, the Swan might just spoil you in terms of other places to stay. Tasteful furnishings team oatmeal with olive and gentle reds, lattice works of ancient wood climb all around. The service is smooth, while the suites are simply stunning; expect soaring arched ceilings criss-crossed with beams. oGreat HouseFRENCH ( %01787-247431; www.greathouse.co.uk; Market Pl; 3-course lunch/dinner £24/33; hnoon-2.30pm Wed-Sun, 7-9.30pm Tue-Sat; W) Contrasting cultures combine so well here: traditional meets modern, East Anglian ingredients meet French cuisine. Which could see you eating confit of Lavenham lamb or caramelised Suffolk pork, then dispatching melting chocolate moelleux or tangy morsels of French and Suffolk cheese. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01787-248207; www.discoverlavenham.co.uk; Lady St; h10am-4.45pm mid-Mar–Oct, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov–mid-Mar) Tucked in beside central Market Pl. 8Getting There & Away Bus 753/754 runs to Bury St Edmunds (£3.65, 30 minutes) and Sudbury (£3.55, 30 minutes) hourly, Monday to Saturday. ### Bury St Edmunds Pop 41,113 In Bury the past is ever present. A centre of pilgrimage for centuries, its history-rich features include an atmospheric ruined abbey, handsome Georgian architecture and tranquil gardens. The chance to visit two breweries proves pretty tempting too. The event that put Bury on the map was the burial, in 903, of St Edmund, the last Saxon king of East Anglia, He'd become a martyr after been decapitated by the Danes in 869 – his grave became a site of pilgrimage and part of one of Europe's most powerful medieval monasteries. In 1214 the English barons came to the abbey to draw up the petition that formed the basis of the Magna Carta, setting the country on the road to a constitutional government. 1Sights Abbey GardensRUIN (Mustow St; hdawn-dusk) F Now a picturesque ruin in parkland behind the cathedral, Bury's once-mighty abbey still impresses despite the townspeople having made off with much of the stone after the Dissolution. The walls are striking (especially on the west side), having crumbled and eroded into a series of fantastical shapes. Other highlights are the decorative Great Gate, the diminutive dovecote and the flower-filled gardens. You enter the Abbey Gardens via one of two well-preserved old gates: opposite the tourist office, the staunch mid-14th-century **Great Gate** is intricately decorated and ominously defensive, with battlements, portcullis and arrow slits. The other entrance sits further up Angel Hill, where a gargoyle-studded early-12th-century **Norman Tower** looms. Just beyond the Great Gate is a peaceful garden where the **Great Court** was once a hive of activity; further on a **dovecote** marks the only remains of the Abbot's Palace. Most impressive, however, are the remains of the western front, where the original abbey walls were burrowed into in the 18th century to make way for homes. The houses are still in use and look as if they've been carved out of the stone-like caves. Nearby is **Samson Tower** and in front of it a beautiful statue of St Edmund by Dame Elisabeth Frink (1976). The rest of the abbey spreads eastward like a ragged skeleton, with various lumps and pillars hinting at its immense size. St Edmundsbury CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stedscathedral.co.uk; Angel Hill; requested donation adult/child £3/50p; h8.30am-6pm) The 45m-high tower of this cathedral was only completed in 2005 and is a vision in Lincolnshire limestone – its traditional Gothic-style construction conveys how many English cathedrals must have looked fresh from the stonemason's chisel. Most of the building is early 16th century, though the eastern end is post-1945. The overall effect is light and lofty, with a gorgeous hammerbeam roof and a striking sculpture of the crucified Christ by Dame Elisabeth Frink in the north transept. The impressive entrance porch has a tangible Spanish influence, a tribute to Abbot Anselm (1121–48), who opted against pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in favour of building a church dedicated to St James (Santiago in Spanish) right here. Stop by the Treasury (Angel Hill; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-3pm Sun) in the crypt for a glimpse of church silver and ornate medieval Bibles. Free, 30-minute guided tours (Angel Hill; h11.30am Mon-Sat late-Apr–Sep) provide an in-depth insight into the cathedral's heritage. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stmarystpeter.net/stmaryschurch; Honey Hill; donation requested; h10am-4pm) St Mary's is one of the largest parish church in England and also contains the tomb of Mary Tudor – Henry VIII's sister and a one-time queen of France. Built around 1430, it's famous for its hammer-beam roof, which features a host of vampire-like angels swooping from the ceiling. A bell is still rung to mark curfew, as it was in the Middle Ages. Greene King BreweryBREWERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01284-714297; www.greeneking.co.uk; Crown St; visitor centre free; tours £10; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) They've been crafting some of England's favourite booze in this working brewery since 1799. These days it's a place to explore the town's 900-year-old brewing heritage in the visitor centre, then take a tour (2pm weekdays, plus 11am Wednesday to Sunday, plus 12.30pm and 3.30pm Saturday) that winds past the vats and pipes of the historic brewhouse, takes in sweeping town views from the roof, and heads to the Brewery Tap for tipples from the casks. The tours are popular – book. Moyse's HallMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stedmundsbury.gov.uk/moyseshall; Cornhill; adult/child £4/2; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) Set in an impressive 12th-century undercroft, rarities here include a locket containing some of Mary Tudor's hair and finds from Bury's ruined abbey. Displays chart the key episodes in the town's past, including the chilling Bury witch trials. There are also displays about one of England's most notorious murders – that of Maria Marten in the Red Barn at nearby Polstead in 1827. A huge crowd gathered in Bury to see her murderer hang. Theatre RoyalHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.theatreroyal.org; Westgate St; h11.30am-3.30pm Wed-Sun early Aug, 11am-5pm Sat & Sun late-May to Jun) A real treat, Britain's only working Regency playhouse features ornate gilding, sweeps of boxes and a _trompe l'oeuil_ ceiling, all revealed on self-led and guided front- and back-stage tours. 4Sleeping oFoxINN ( %01284-705562; www.oldenglishinns.co.uk; 1 Eastgate St; d £90-150; p W) Slumber in these converted animal barns and be surrounded by carefully kept original features: whitewashed beams, weathered brick walls and even the livestock tethering rings. Painted wicker chairs and the odd chandelier add another layer of class. The GlenB&B ( %01284-755490; rallov@aol.com; 84 Eastgate St; s £40, d £60-75; p W) A wood-burning stove and hanging tapestries lend the lounge of this late-Georgian B&B a cosy air. Upstairs it's all bright elegance, with bedrooms in cream and gentle gold. Angel HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01284-714000; www.theangel.co.uk; 3 Angel Hill; d £115-180, ste £350; p W) The more expensive rooms at this ivy-clad Georgian coaching inn are pretty special; expect luxury bathrooms, quirky mock-1700s furnishings (the odd bright-pink plastic chair) and suites with stand-alone copper baths. The cheaper rooms have much less pizzaz. 5Eating & Drinking oPea PorridgeINTERNATIONAL ( %01284-700200; www.peaporridge.co.uk; 28-29 Cannon St; mains £13-18; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-9.30pm Wed-Sat, 6.30-9.30pm Tue) Warmth, happy chatter and great aromas greet you at this intimate neighbourhood eatery. Imaginative dishes borrow from the cuisines of Turkey, Italy and France – choose from tagines, gnocchi, Normandy black sausage or pigs cheeks and polenta – you're onto a winner any which way. oMaison BleueFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01284-760 623; www.maisonbleue.co.uk; 31 Churchgate St; mains £18-27; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Tue-Sat) Settle onto an elegant chair here for modern French cuisine that's supremely stylish and bursting with flavour. Creations might include roasted Gressingham duck with chicken liver velouté, or a gingery tartar of gilt head bream. The set menus (three-course lunch/dinner £24/33) are great-value deals. oOld CannonPUB ( %01284-768769; www.oldcannonbrewery.co.uk; 86 Cannon St) S How's this for a three-in-one? A microbrewery with its own pub and accommodation (singles/doubles £90/120) alongside. Gleaming mash tuns sit in the funky bar; try the Rusty Gun (ABV 4%) or more feisty Gunner's Daughter (5.5%). Then tuck into modish bistro-meets-pub-grub (mains £12-17, served 8.30am to 9pm Monday to Saturday, to 3pm on Sunday) before droping off in the converted brewery flanked by gentle checks and terracotta walls. NutshellPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thenutshellpub.co.uk; The Traverse; h11am-11pm Mon-Fri, to midnight Sat, to 10.30pm Fri) See how many of your friends you can squeeze into this thimble-sized, memorabilia-packed, timber-framed pub, recognised by the _Guinness Book of Records_ as Britain's smallest. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01284-764667; www.visit-burystedmunds.co.uk; 6 Angel Hill; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-3pm Sun Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Fri Nov-Easter) 8Getting There & Around Bus The main bus station is on St Andrew's St North. A **Cambridge** (£4.80, one hour, hourly Monday to Saturday) Stagecoach bus 11 A **London** (£15, 2½ hours, five daily) National Express Train The train station is 900m northwest of the tourist office, with frequent buses to the centre. A **Cambridge** £10, 45 minutes, hourly A **Ely** £10, 30 minutes, every two hours ### Orford Pop 720 Secluded and seductive, the gorgeous village of Orford, 6 miles south of Snape Maltings, is well worth a detour. It's a laid-back place littered with pretty houses and dominated by a real rarity: curiously polygonal Orford Castle. 1Sights Orford CastleCASTLE (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £6/3.60; h10am-6pm daily Apr-Oct, Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) This 12th-century structure has an innovative, 18-sided drum design with three square turrets. From the roof there are glorious views of Orford Ness. Orford NessNATURE RESERVE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child incl ferry crossing £4/2; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat Jul-Sep, plus Sat Oct & late-Apr–Jun) The largest vegetated shingle spit in Europe was once used as a secret military testing ground; now it's a nature reserve and is home to rare wading birds, animals and plants. Ferries run from Orford Quay: the last leaves Orford at 2pm and returns from the reserve at 5pm. Spaces can be limited – arrive early to reserve a seat. 5Eating Butley Orford OysterageFISH ( %01394-450277; www.pinneysoforford.co.uk; Market Hill; mains £8-17; hnoon-2pm daily, plus 6.30-9pm Jun–mid-Sep) Make sure you've booked a table at this place, lauded locally for the fish and seafood they catch and smoke themselves (it's open some evenings in low season as well); alternatively get some goodies to go from Pinney's (www.pinneysoforford.co.uk; The Quay; h10am-4pm), their shop by the harbour. ### Aldeburgh Pop 3225 The time-warped coastal town of Aldeburgh (pronounced 'orld-bruh') is one of the region's most charming. Its picturesque streets and sweeping shingle beach are lined with pastel-coloured houses, independent shops, art galleries and ramshackle fresh-fish kiosks. Connections with composer Benjamin Britten and two festivals might also draw you to town. #### WORTH A TRIP ### DUNWICH & RSPB MINSMERE Strung along the coastline north of Aldeburgh is a poignant trail of serene and little-visited coastal heritage towns that are gradually succumbing to the sea. Most dramatically, the once-thriving port town of **Dunwich** is now an eerie village, its 12 medieval churches lost under the waves. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds MinsmereNATURE RESERVE (RSPB; www.rspb.org.uk; nr Westleton; adult/child £7.50/3; hreserve dawn-dusk, visitor centre 9am-5pm; p) The coast near Dunwich draws ranks of birdwatchers, thanks to RSPB Minsmere. The reserve is home to one of England's rarest birds, the bittern, with hundreds of migrant birds dropping by in the autumn. Year-round, binoculars are available for rent from the visitor centre, while the hides along the reserve's trails are prime bird-spotting sites. With public transport lacking you'll need to drive, cycle or walk. 1Sights ScallopLANDMARK (Thorpe Rd car park) Maggi Hambling's sculpture commemorates Aldeburgh's links with 20th-century composer Benjamin Britten, who spent much of his life in the town. With 4m of inscribed, scallop shell–shaped steel, its beachside setting has proved controversial locally. It's a short stroll north of town along the seafront. Moot HallMUSEUM (www.aldeburghmuseum.org.uk; Market Cross Pla; adult/child £2/free; hnoon-5pm Jun-Aug, from 2.30pm Apr, May, Sep & Oct) Displays on fishing, shipbuilding, coastal defences and Regency-era tourism set in an intricately carved, timber-framed, 16th-century house. zFestivals Aldeburgh FestivalMUSIC (www.aldeburgh.co.uk; hJun) Founded by local composer Benjamin Britten in 1948, this exploration of classical music is one of East Anglia's biggest, taking in new, reinterpreted and rediscovered pieces, and visual arts. Aldeburgh Food & Drink FestivalFOOD (www.aldeburghfoodanddrink.co.uk; hlate-Sep) A two-day celebration of Suffolk produce and top-class cooking. 4Sleeping & Eating oOcean HouseB&B, APARTMENT ( %01728-452094; www.oceanhousealdeburgh.co.uk; 25 Crag Path; d £100, apt per week £1300) Just a pebble's throw from Aldeburg's beach, many of the rustic-chic bedrooms here directly overlook the surging sea. The five-person self-catering flat comes with homely kitchen and pint-sized balcony, while the top floor double is a true delight: water views on three sides and a sitting room with a baby grand. Dunan HouseB&B ( %01728-452486; www.dunanhouse.co.uk; 41 Park Rd; d £80-95, f from £117; p W) Evidence of the artist owners' efforts are everywhere: bright abstracts, self-portraits and pottery galore. Vivid walls alternate between red, orange and lemon; vintage books and battered travelling chests lie around, while the top-floor family suite even has binoculars for zoomed-in estuary views. Fish & Chip ShopFISH & CHIPS (www.aldeburghfishandchips.co.uk; 226 High St; mains £5-6; hnoon-2pm Tue-Sat, 5-8pm Thu-Sat) Aldeburgh has a reputation for the finest fish and chips in the area; this is the best place to find out why. oLighthouseMODERN BRITISH ( %01728-453377; www.lighthouserestaurant.co.uk; 77 High St; mains £11-16; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-10pm; c) The bright lighthouse has plenty to keep fish fans happy, and plenty of choices for carnivores too. Flavourful dishes range from calves liver and mash, via beer-battered cod and chips, to prime duck confit. Regatta RestaurantSEAFOOD ( %01728-452011; www.regattaaldeburgh.com; 171 High St; mains £14-20; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm) Other restaurants must be so envious – your own smokery in the back garden. Oak-smoked treats include meaty salmon and memorable prawns, while the perfectly cooked catch of the day could come with anything from risotto or garlic butter to basil sauce. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01728 453637; www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk; 48 High St; h10am-3pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus 165 runs hourly, Monday to Saturday to Ipswich (£4.10, 1½ hours), where you can make connections to the rest of the region. ### Southwold Pop 974 Southwold's reputation as a well-heeled holiday getaway has earned it the nickname 'Kensington-on-Sea' after the upmarket London borough, and its lovely sandy beach, pebble-walled cottages, cannon-dotted clifftop and rows of beachfront bathing huts are undeniably picturesque. It's all attracted many artists, including JMW Turner, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Lucian Freud and Damien Hirst. 1Sights Seafront & PierNEIGBOURHOOD (www.southwoldpier.co.uk; hpier 10am-5pm, to 7pm Fri & Sat) F Southwold's shorefront is its main attraction. Amble along the promenade, admire the squat 19th-century **lighthouse** then drop by the 623ft pier, first built in 1899 but recently reconstructed. Its Under the Pier Show (open same hours as the pier) sports a cooky collection of handmade amusement machines which combine daft fun with political satire. AdnamsBREWERY ( %01502-727225; www.adnams.co.uk; Adnams Pl; tours £12; h2-4 tours daily Mar-Sep) Spend an hour touring the high-tech kit inside this Victorian brewery, indulge in a 30-minute tutored tasting, then select a free bottle of beer to take home. Book. St Edmund'sCHURCH (Church St; h9am-6pm) Worth a peek for its fabulous medieval screen and 15th-century, bloodshot-eyed 'Southwold Jack' effigy (believed to be part of a clock), grumpily overlooking the church's rear. TTours Coastal VoyagerBOAT TOURS ( %07887 525082.; www.coastalvoyager.co.uk; Southwold Harbour) Trips include a 30-minute high-speed blast around the bay (adult/child £24/12), a leisurely 3½-hour cruise up the Blyth Estuary (£28/14) and a three-hour voyage to Scroby Sands (£35/18) to see a seal colony and wind farm. zFestivals Latitude FestivalARTS (www.latitudefestival.co.uk; Henham Park; hJul) An eclectic mix of music, literature, dance, drama and comedy set in a country estate. Ways With WordsLITERATURE (www.wayswithwords.co.uk; hNov) Talks and readings by big-name authors in venues around town. 4Sleeping & Eating Home@21B&B ( %01502-722573; www.homeat21.co.uk; 21 North Pde; d £80-100; W) The rooms in this neat Victorian terrace may be super-compact and relatively simple, but the location is all: plumb on the seafront, with a prime view of Southwold's iconic pier and the surging waves. oSutherland HouseHOTEL ( %01502-724544; www.sutherlandhouse.co.uk; 56 High St; d £140-220, mains £19; p W) Past guests at this former mayor's house include a future James II and the Earl of Sandwich. They'd probably approve of the present appearance: pargeted ceilings, exposed beams and free-standing baths. Supper time (noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm, closed Monday) sees prime local ingredients transformed by bouillabaiss sauce, plantain crisps and clam ragù. SwanINN ( %01502-722186; www.adnams.co.uk/hotels/the-swan; Market Sq; s/d from £115/185; #) There's a timeless elegance to the 17th-century Swan, where large fireplaces, grandfather clocks and old-fashioned lamps induce a soporific calm. Bedroom styles range from stately Georgian to contemporary coastal, the atmospheric restaurant (noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm) majors on local fish, while barstaff are itching to serve you a Southwold-brewed Adnams beer. CoastersMODERN BRITISH ( %01502-724734; www.coastersofsouthwold.co.uk; 12 Queen St; mains £10-20; h9am-3pm & 6-9pm) Punchy flavours and rich ingredients are the mainstay of this intimate bistro, where a wide-ranging menu skips nimbly from whole baked crab and Stilton glazed beef, to Dingley Dell Suffolk pork sausages with mustard mash. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01502-724729; www.visit-sunrisecoast.co.uk; Child's Yard; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Just off the High St, has extensive accommodation listings. 8Getting There & Away Services are limited: catch bus 61 to Lowestoft (£3.90, 50 minutes, hourly) or bus 88 to Halesworth train station (£2.70, 20 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) and continue from there. ## Norfolk Big skies, sweeping beaches, windswept marshes, meandering inland waterways and pretty flint houses combine to great effect in Norfolk. They say the locals have 'one foot on the land, and one in the sea' and you're never far from water here, whether it's beside the windmill-framed rivers of the tranquil Norfolk Broads or the wide, birdlife-rich sands of the shore. Inland, the bustling city of Norwich offers a fine castle and cathedral, a lively market and some truly excellent places to sleep and eat. ### Norwich Pop 132,500 The affluent and easygoing city of Norwich (pronounced 'norr-ich') is a rich tapestry of meandering alleys liberally sprinkled with architectural jewels – spoils of the city's medieval wool boom. A magnificent cathedral and impressive Norman castle bookend the city centre; in between, crooked half-timbered buildings line quiet lanes. Thriving markets and a large student population enhance the city's easygoing vibe. Add easy access to the Broads and Norfolk's beaches, and you have an excellent base from which to explore. Norwich 1Top Sights 1Bridewell MuseumB3 2Norwich Castle Museum & Art GalleryB3 3Norwich CathedralC2 1Sights 4Dragon HallC4 5Tombland & Elm HillC2 2Activities, Courses & Tours Ghost WalksD1 6Guided WalksB3 4Sleeping 738 St GilesA3 8Gothic HouseB1 9St Giles HouseA3 5Eating 10BishopsB3 11Grosvenor Fish BarA3 12LibraryB3 13MustardB3 14No 12C4 15Roger Hickman'sA3 16Tea HouseC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 17Adam & EveD1 18BirdcageB3 1Sights oNorwich CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cathedral.org.uk; The Close; Donations welcomed ; hDaily 7.30am-6pm ) Norwich's most stunning landmark is the magnificent Anglican cathedral, its barbed spire soaring higher than any in England except Salisbury, while the size of its cloisters is second to none. Highlights include the mesmerising ceiling and striking modern features of the **Hostry** , where high-tech displays explore the cathedral's past. The one-hour **guided tours** (donation requested, hourly Monday to Saturday) are an engaging way to find out more. Work started on the cathedral in 1096 and it remains one of the finest Anglo-Norman abbey churches in the country. The sheer size of its nave is striking, but its most renowned feature is the superb Gothic rib vaulting added in 1463. Among the spidery stonework are 1200 sculpted roof bosses depicting Bible stories. Together they represent one of the finest achievements of English medieval masonry. Similar bosses can be seen in closer detail in the cathedral's remarkable, two-storey **cloisters**. Built between 1297 and 1430, they are unique in England and were originally built to house a community of about 100 monks. Above the bronze font (which came from a nearby chocolate factory), look out for _Censing Angel_ (2012) – a suspended celestial figure woven out of willow branches by sculptor Joy Whiddett, trailing the words 'peace', 'hope' and 'love'. Outside the cathedral's eastern end is the grave of the WWI heroine Edith Cavell, a Norfolk-born nurse who was executed for helping hundreds of Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. The handsome cathedral close also contains the old **chapel** of King Edward VI School (where naval hero Admiral Nelson was educated). Today's students make up the choir, which performs in services daily. Tombland & Elm HillNEIGHBOURHOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Leafy Tombland, near Norwich Cathedral, is where the market was originally located ('tomb' is an old Norse word for empty, hence space for a market). From there, follow Princes St to reach Elm Hill, Norwich's prettiest street, with its medieval cobblestones, crooked timber beams and doors, intriguing shops and tucked-away cafes. oBridewell MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk; Bridewell Alley; adult/child £5/3; h10am-4.30pm Tue-Sat) Best be on your best behaviour: 14th-century Bridewell is a former house of correction, a 'prison for women, beggars and tramps'. Displays here explore Norwich's prominence as England's second city in the Middle Ages and its 19th-century industrial heritage. You can also play games in a 1950s parlour, listen to shoe workers' memories, and watch films in a pocket-sized cinema. Look out too for the eccentric, snake-proof boot. oNorwich Castle Museum & Art GalleryCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk; Castle Hill; adult/child £7/5; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, from 1pm Sun) Crowning a hilltop overlooking central Norwich, this massive, 12th-century castle is one of England's best-preserved examples of Anglo-Norman military architecture. Its superb **interactive museum** crams in lively exhibits on Boudica, the Iceni, Anglo-Saxons and Vikings. Perhaps the best bit though is the atmospheric keep itself with its graphic displays on grisly punishments meted out in its days as a medieval prison. Twice-daily, **guided tours** (£2) run around the battlements and creepy dungeons. The castle's **art gallery** houses works of the acclaimed 19th-century Norwich School of landscape painting founded by John Crome, and (drumroll) the world's largest collection of novelty teapots. Dragon HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dragonhall.org; 123 King St; adult/child £5/3; h10am-4pm Tue-Thu, noon-4pm Sun Apr-Oct) A carved incarnation of the eponymous fire-breathing, scaly creature sits amid this medieval trading hall's crown-post roof – a stunning affair of carved and arching beams. The building dates from 1430 and is the only one of its kind to have belonged to one man, Robert Toppes, rather than a guild, suggesting that he was a successful entrepreneur. Engaging displays introduce you to the merchant himself, medieval trade, and 15th-century Norwich life. Sainsbury Centre for Visual ArtsGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.scva.org.uk; University of East Anglia; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F The region's most important centre for the arts is housed in the first major public building by renowned architect Norman Foster. Its eclectic collections include works by Picasso, Moore, Degas and Bacon, and are displayed beside curios from Africa, the Pacific and the Americas. The gallery is in the University of East Anglia's grounds, 2 miles west of the city centre. To get there take bus 25, 25A or X25 from Castle Meadow (20 minutes). ### HAUNTED BLICKLING HALL Blickling HallHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Blickling; adult/child £12/7; hnoon-5pm Wed-Sun Easter-Oct 11am-5pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) Largely remodelled in the 17th century for Sir Henry Hobart, James I's chief justice, Blickling Hall began life in the 11th century as a manor house and bishop's palace. Today this grand Jacobean mansion is set in vast parklands and is famous for ghostly sightings and a spectacular Long Gallery. Blickling Hall is 15 miles north of Norwich off the A140. Buses run twice hourly from Castle Meadow and Tombland in Norwich. Aylsham is the nearest train station, 1.5 miles away. In 1437 the isolated house was claimed by the Boleyn family and passed through the generations to Thomas, father of Anne Boleyn. Anne was executed by her husband Henry VIII in 1533, who opted to have her beheaded. It's said on the anniversary of her death a coach drives up to the house, drawn by headless horses, driven by headless coachmen and containing the queen with her head on her lap. Ghostly apparitions aside, Blickling's grand state rooms are stuffed with fine Georgian furniture, pictures and tapestries, while the Jacobean plaster ceiling in the Long Gallery is a feast for the eyes. TTours Guided WalksWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-213999; www.visitnorwich.co.uk; adult/child £4/1.50; h11.30am or 2pm, 2-4 per week Easter-Oct) Art-nouveau Norwich, Georgian dandies and 1000 years of history are among the themes for these 1½-hour guided strolls. Run by the tourist office, many leave from the Forum centre, where the office is based. Ghost WalksWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07831-189985; www.ghostwalksnorwich.co.uk; adult/child £7/5; h2-3 walks per week mid-Apr–Dec) A lively immersion in Norwich's haunted history; the tours depart from the Adam & Eve pub on Bishopsgate at 7.30pm. 4Sleeping o38 St GilesB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-662944; www.38stgiles.co.uk; 38 St Giles St; s/d/ste £90/130/160; W) Deep-red rugs sit on varnished floors; silk curtains hang in light rooms dotted with quirky art – this handsome B&B is boutique yet still relaxed. The breakfast table groans with local and organic meats and eggs, as well as home-baked bread. Gothic HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-631879; www.gothic-house-norwich.com; King's Head Yard, Magdalen St; s/d £65/95; p W) Step through the door here and be whisked straight back to the Regency era. Original panelling, columns and cornices border the swirling stairs; fresh fruit and mini-decanters of sherry sit in elegant bedrooms that are studies in olive green, lemon yellow and duck-egg blue. No 15B&B ( %01603-250283; www.number15bedandbreakfast.co.uk; 15 Grange Rd; s/d £55/75; W) S The breakfasts at this vegetarian B&B are packed with treats: organic eggs, veggie sausages, artisan-baked walnut bread and grilled halloumi cheese. The furnishings are low allergy, but high on style – expect sanded wooden furniture, soft lights and bright throws. It's a mile west of the centre, bus 25 runs nearby. Arrandale LodgeB&B ( %01603-250150; www.norwichbedandbreakfast.co.uk; 431 Earlham Rd; s/d £50/70; p W) Few British B&Bs feature zebra prints and Irish food, but the South African/Southern Irish owners here like to celebrate their twin heritages. Tasteful, contemporary rooms feature springbok and giraffe motifs, while breakfast time brings both white and black pudding. It's 1.5 miles west of the centre. St Giles HouseHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-275180; www.stgileshousehotel.com; 41 St Giles St; d/ste £130/200; p W) There's more than a whiff of art nouveau about luxurious St Giles House; built in 1919, it teams a grand entrance hall with an ornate facade. Period flourishes echo on into bedrooms that are full of bold patterns and fluid curves, while the spa, bistro and cocktail terrace are rather splendid too. 5Eating Grosvenor Fish BarFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fshshop.com; 28 Lower Goat Lane; mains £5; h11am-7pm Mon-Sat) At this groovy chippy-with-a-difference, chips come with fresh cod goujons, sea-bass wraps come with spicy mango salsa and a 'Big Mack' is crispy mackerel fillet tucked into a bread roll. Take away or chow down on the benches inside. MustardCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mustardcoffeebar.com; 3 Bridewell Alley; snacks/mains £2/6; h7.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat 10am-4pm Sun) Set on the site of the original Colman's Mustard shop, you'll find a suitably bright yellow colour scheme at this funky cafe. Quality dishes include rarities (Mexican style huevos rancheros with salsa), and delight in being home-made; expect own-baked Scotch eggs and sausage rolls and their own hand-roasted coffee beans. Tea HouseCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Elm Hill; snacks from £2; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat; W) Tuck into doorstep sarnies, steaming jacket potatoes, and top tea and scones. BishopsMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-767321; www.bishopsrestaurant.co.uk; 8 St Andrew's Hill; 2-course lunch/dinner £15/27; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm) The unusual, the unexpected and Norfolk ingredients are the mainstays of menus at Bishops. Sample smoked eel with pork confit, a ballotine of Norfolk chicken, or a cockle, mussel and bacon chowder. Then tingle your tongue with roasted pineapple spiked with chilli. LibraryBRASSERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-616606; www.thelibraryrestaurant.co.uk; 1 Guildhall Hill; mains £12; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm Sun) Victorian bookcases still line the walls at this cosy former library, lending dining a club-like feel. The imaginative menu is strong on locally sourced produce, including Lowestoft fish, Havensfield eggs, East Anglian game and prime Norfolk cheese. No 12BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.number12norwich.org; 12 Farmers Ave; mains £12; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm Sun) Lounge music plays, heather-hued tartan covers the walls, beams sit above white-leather bar stools; it sounds weird but it works. Food ranges from homemade burgers, chilli and fish pie to tasty, breaded schnitzel. oRoger Hickman'sFINE DINING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-633522; www.rogerhickmansrestaurant.com; 79 Upper St Giles St; dinner 2/3/7 courses £34/42/55; hnoon-2.30pm & 7-10pm Tue-Sat) Understated elegance is everywhere here: pale floorboards, white linen and unobtrusive service. Dishes might include venison and cherries, salt-baked turnip, or blow-torched mackerel – flair, imagination and a simple dedication to quality run right through. The lunches (two/three courses £18/22) are a cracking deal. 6Drinking & Nightlife oBirdcagePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebirdcagenorwich.co.uk; 23 Pottergate; h11am-midnight; W) Formica tables, chilled tunes, cupcakes and cocktails make this beatnik drinking den a one-of-a-kind delight. Drop by for a Bums Life Drawing session (yes, really) and classy nibbles; or ferry in fish 'n' chips from the shop over the lane. Adam & EvePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Bishopsgate; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) Norwich's oldest-surviving pub has been slaking thirst since 1249, when the cathedral builders used to drop by. Tiny, with a sunken floor and part-panelled walls, it attracts a mixed band of regulars, choristers and ghost hunters, drawn by the fine malt whiskies and real ales. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01603-213999; www.visitnorwich.co.uk; Millenium Plain; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, plus 10.30am-3.30pm Sun mid-Jul–mid-Sep) Inside the Forum centre. 8Getting There & Around Norwich has free parking at six Park & Ride locations. Buses (£2.40) run to the city centre up to every 15 minutes from around 6.30am to 7pm, some routes don't operate at weekends. Air A **Norwich International Airport** (www.norwichinternational.com), 4 miles north of town; has connections to Amsterdam, Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Manchester year round, plus summer flights to the Channel Islands. Bus The bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Queen's Rd) is 400m south of the castle. Follow Red Lion St into Stephen's St and then turn left onto Surrey St. **National Express** (www.nationalexpress.com) and **First** (www.firstgroup.com) run the following services: A **Cromer** £3.30, one hour, hourly A **King's Lynn** £8.60, 1½ hours, hourly A **London** £15, three hours, hourly Train The train station is off Thorpe Rd, 600m east of the castle. A **Cambridge** £18, 1¼ hours, hourly A **Ely** £16, one hour, twice hourly A **London Liverpool Stree** t £45, two hours, two per hour #### WORTH A TRIP ### EXPLORING THE NORFOLK BROADS ##### Why Should I Wish To Visit a Swamp? These vast wetlands were formed when the Rivers Wensum, Bure, Waveney and Yare flooded the big gaping holes inland which had been dug by 12th-century crofters looking for peat. They comprise fragile ecosystems and, protected as a national park, are home to some of the UK's rarest plants and birds – the appeal to birdwatchers and naturalists is obvious. Apart from that, if you've ever envisioned yourself captaining your own boat and living afloat, there are 125 miles of lock-free waterways to explore. Or if paddling a canoe and losing yourself in the hypnotic lapping of water away from the rest of humanity appeals, there's plenty of scope for that, too. ##### What Is there to See & Do that Doesn't Involve Water? Museum of the Broads (www.museumofthebroads.org.uk; The Staithe, Stalham; adult/child £5/2.50; h10.30am-5pm Easter-Oct; #) Five miles north of Potter Heigham off the A149, this museum features fine boats and colourful displays on the local marshmen, their traditional lifestyles, peat extraction and modern conservation. Toad Hole Cottage (How Hill; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct) This tiny cottage delves deeper into the life of Fen-dwellers, showing how the eel-catcher's family lived and the tools they used to work surrounding marshes. Bewilderwood (www.bewilderwood.co.uk; Hornig Rd, Hoveton; adult/child £14/12; h10am-5.30pm Mar-Oct) A forest playground for children and adults alike, with zip wires, jungle bridges, tree houses and old-fashioned outdoor adventure involving plenty of mud, mazes and marsh walks. St Helen's Church (Ranworth; h8am-7pm) The Broads' most impressive ecclesiastical attraction is this 14th-century church, known locally as the 'Cathedral of the Broads', which dominates the pretty village of Ranworth and features a magnificent painted medieval rood screen and a 15th-century antiphoner – a rare illustrated book of prayers. Bure Valley Steam Railway (www.bvrw.co.uk; Aylsham; adult/child return £12/6; h2-6 trains daily Apr-Oct; p) Siderodromophiles will love this train which puffs along 9 miles of narrow-gauge tracks between Aylsham and Wroxham. ##### How Do I Get There? Driving around the Broads is missing the point and pretty useless. The main centres in the Broads – Wroxham, on the A1151 from Norwich, and Potter Heigham, on the A1062 from Wroxham – are reachable by bus from Norwich and Great Yarmouth, respectively, and from there you can either take to the water or to the trails. ##### Exploring by Boat Launches range from large cabin cruisers to little craft with outboards; they can be hired for anything from a couple of hours' gentle messing about on the water to week-long trips. Tuition is given. Depending on boat size, facilities and season, a four-person boat costs from around £15 per hour, from £75 for four hours and from £100 for one day. Week-long rental ranges from around £650 to £1300, including fuel and insurance. **Boats for the Broads** (www.dayboathire.com) and **Barnes Brinkcraft** (www.barnesbrinkcraft.co.uk) do short- and long-term rental, **Broads Tours** (www.broads.co.uk) lets out boats by the week – all are Wroxham-based. **Blakes** (www.blakes.co.uk) arranges all manner of boating holidays. ##### Exploring by Canoe Paddlers can find canoes for hire for around £33 per day; Rowan Craft (www.rowancraft.com; Geldeston) and Waveney River Centre (www.waveneyrivercentre.co.uk; Burgh St Peter) are recommended. Mark the Canoe Man (www.thecanoeman.com; half-day trip £25-45) knows the secrets of the Broads and arranges day and overnight guided trips to areas the cruisers can't reach, as well as canoe and kayak hire, weekend camping canoe trails (two nights £65) and bushcraft courses (two days adult/child £95/70). ##### Exploring by Foot/Bike A web of walking trails stretches across the region, including the 61-mile **Weavers' Way** that stretches from Cromer to Great Yarmouth, taking in some choice parts of the landscape along the way. The Broads' highest point, How Hill, is just 12m above sea level, so superhero levels of fitness are not required. Parts of the trail are open to bicycles. Broadland Cycle Hire (www.norfolkbroadscycling.co.uk; Bewilderwood, Hoveton) and Martha's Cottage (www.marthascottagecyclehire.co.uk; Barnby) are among rental firms. Prices start at £16 per day, with child seats and tandems also available. ### North Coast Norfolk Norfolk's north coast has something of a split personality, with busy seaside towns brim-full of brash attractions clustering in the east, and a string of villages dotted with gastropubs and boutique hotels in the west. In between sit vast sandy beaches and marshes that attract unusually rich concentrations of birds, including oystercatchers, plovers, curlews and brent geese. 8Getting There & Away Coasthopper BusBUS (www.coasthopper.co.uk; s fares from £2.70, passes per 1/3/7 days £9/18/32.) Runs from Cromer to Kings Lynn. Stops include Cley, Blakeney, Wells, Holkham, Burnham Deepdale and Brancaster. Services range from every 30 minutes to five a day. #### Cromer Pop 7294 The once-fashionable Victorian resort of Cromer is slowly becoming gentrified again, after years of amusement arcade and souvenir stand rule. Its main attractions remain sweet-tasting Cromer crab, the atmospheric pier and an appealing stretch of sandy shore. 1Sights Henry Blogg MuseumMUSEUM (Lifeboat Museum; www.rnlicromer.org.uk; The Gangway; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun Feb-Nov) F Cromer's WWII lifeboat and hands-on gizmos help convey tales of remarkably brave sea rescues in a museum named after one of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution's most decorated coxswains. Felbrigg HallHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Felbrigg; adult/child £10/5; h11am-5pm Sat-Wed Mar-Oct; p) This elegant Jacobean mansion boasts a fine Georgian interior and splendid facade, as well as gorgeous walled gardens and an orangery. It's 2 miles southwest of Cromer, off the B1436 4Sleeping & Eating oRed LionINN ( %01263-514964; www.redlioncromer.co.uk; Brook St; s £65, d £110, ste £125-180; p W) If only all seafront inns were this chic. Cool contemporary rooms feature wood- or brass-framed beds; colours vary from soft grey to purple and red. The big-enough-to-get-lost-in Billiard Room suite is superb value (£125), with its chandelier, free-standing bath and chaise longue. Rocket HouseCAFE (www.rockethousecafe.co.uk; The Gangway; mains £4-10; h10am-5pm) Set right on the seafront inside the Henry Blogg Museum, Rocket House delivers an airy interior, water-view terrace, soups, sandwiches and heaped Cromer crab platters. DaviesSEAFOOD (7 Garden St; h8am-4.30pm daily May-Sep, Tue-Sat Oct-Apr) The super-fresh catches here include cooked (and cracked) crab and lobster, cockles, mussel and homemade fish pâté. 8Getting There & Away Trains run to Norwich (£7, 45 minutes) hourly Monday to Saturday, and every two hours on Sunday. The Coasthopper bus shuttles west along the coast to King's Lynn roughly every half-hour in summer. #### Cley-next-the-Sea & Around Pop 420 As the name suggest, the sleepy village of Cley (pronounced 'cly') huddles beside the shore. Here a cluster of pretty cottages surrounds a photogenic windmill and bird-rich marshes fan out all around. 1Sights Cley MarshesNATURE RESERVE (www.norfolkwildlifetrust.org.uk; nr Cley-next-the-Sea; adult/child £5/free; h10am-5pm Nov-Mar, to 4pm Apr-Oct; p) S One of England's premier birdwatching sites, Cley Marshes has more than 300 resident bird species, plentiful migrants and a network of walking and bird hides amid its golden reeds. Even if you're not into birding, don't miss the (free) cafe-cum-visitor centre (www.norfolkwildlifetrust.org.uk; Cley Marshes; h10am-5pm Nov-Mar, to 4pm Apr-Oct) where seats and telescopes line up beside vast picture windows with panoramic reserve views – this is birding for softies; sip a latte enjoying zoomed-in images of marsh harriers. 4Sleeping & Eating CookesB&B ( %01263-740776; www.cookes-of-cley.co.uk; High St; d/tr £70/80; p W) Satin curtains and restrained checks bring a touch of the 21st century to this 18th-century coaching inn. Fluffy hot water bottles raise a smile, while breakfast is served in the beamed tea shop next door. oCley WindmillB&B ( %01263-740209; www.cleymill.co.uk; High St; d £160-200, apt per week £570.; p) With the kind of wonky walls you'd expect from a circular, 18th-century agricultural building, Cley Windmill is packed with character. Rooms are named after their former functions (the crazy-shaped Barley Bin is gorgeous), and many look out directly over reed-filled salt mashes. A sweet, four-person self-catering cottage sits just next door. Cley SmokehouseDELI (www.cleysmokehouse.com; High St; h9.30am-4.30pm) Flavour-packed, home-smoked fish, shellfish and cured meats. Picnic FayreDELI (www.picnic-fayre.co.uk; High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Head here for great breads, cheeses, homemade pork pies and cakes, Norfolk ice cream, jams and chutneys. #### Blakeney Point Pop 700 The pretty village of Blakeney was once a busy fishing and trading port before its harbour silted up. These days it offers an inviting seafront walk lined with yachts and boat trips out to a 500-strong colony of common and grey seals that live, bask and breed on nearby Blakeney Point. Several companies, including Bishop's Boats (www.norfolksealtrips.co.uk; Blakeney Quay), and Beans Boat Trips (www.beansboattrips.co.uk; Morston, nr Cley-next-the-Sea) run hour-long trips (adult/child £10/5, one to four boats daily, April to October), but the best time to come is between June and August when the common seals pup. 4Sleeping & Eating Kings ArmsINN ( %01263-740341; www.blakeneykingsarms.co.uk; Westgate St; d £80; mains £6-15; p) Sweet simple rooms (expect bright colours and pine) in a pub that is so welcoming you might not want to leave. Order some substantial pub grub (served noon to 9pm) then, for some great theatre gossip, ask landlady Marjorie about her career on the stage. MooringsMODERN BRITISH ( %01263-40054; www.blakeney-moorings.co.uk; High St; mains £7-17; h10.30am-9pm Fri & Sat, 10am-5.30pm Sun & Tue-Thu) Perfectly pitched fish dishes have won this bistro a loyal following – try the sea salt–crusted bass or seafood platter; the classic meat and veg dishes are tempting too. Mustn't-miss puddings include pear-and-ginger strudel, and treacle sponge. #### Wells-next-the-Sea Pop 2165 Charming Wells excels at both land and sea. Rows of attractive Georgian houses and flint cottages snake down to a boat-lined quay; to the north sits a vast golden beach, backed by pine-covered dunes. 1Sights Wells BeachBEACH Fringed by dense pine forests and undulating dunes, Wells' sandy shore stretches for miles to the west, with brightly coloured beach huts clustering beside the water and wooden steps leading up into the woods. It's all tucked away at the end of a mile-long road; you can walk, drive, or hop on a miniature train. Parking is available. Wells & Walsingham RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (www.wellswalsinghamrailway.co.uk; Stiffkey Rd; adult/child return £9/7; h3-6 trains daily Apr-Oct; p) The longest 10.25in narrow-gauge railway in the world puffs for five picturesque miles from Wells to the village of Little Walsingham, the site of religious shrines and the ruined but still impressive Walsingham Abbey. 4Sleeping & Eating Wells YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9544; www.yha.org.uk; Church Plains; dm/d £15/32; p) Set in the heart of town in an ornately gabled early-20th-century church hall. Crugmeer B&B ( %01328-710622; www.crugmeer-wells.co.uk; Croft Yard; d £85; p W) Walk 20 paces from Well's atmospheric quay and arrive at the perfect holiday bolthole. A lattice of beams criss-crosses the walls (and the walk-in cupboard), the bed is a study in burgundy and crisp white, and the standalone bath sits on a whitewashed floor. Wells Beach CafeCAFE (Wells Beach; mains £4; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Easter; W) This locals' favourite rustles up bacon baps, homemade chilli and an irresistible 'hot chocolate of the week'. Outside, sits a corral of picnic tables; inside there's a sofa-surrounded wood-burning stove for when the wind whips in. CrownRESTAURANT (www.thecrownhotelwells.co.uk; The Buttlands; mains £12-22; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) Renowned for robust dishes made from locally sourced ingredients. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01328-710885; www.visitnorthnorfolk.com; Staithe St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-1pm Sun Apr-Oct) #### Holkham Holkham Hall & EstateHISTORIC BUILDING (www.holkham.co.uk; Holkham; adult/child £13/5, parking £2.50; hnoon-4pm Sun, Mon & Thu Apr-Oct; p) The pretty village of Holkham is dominated by Holkham Hall and Estate, a severe Palladian mansion, largely unadorned on the outside, set in a vast deer park designed by William Kent. For many, Holkham's true delight is the other part of the estate – the **Holkham National Nature Reserve** , where the expansive, pristine **beach** bordering Holkham Bay is perfumed by the pine forest growing alongside. Ribboning pathways lead to bird and wildlife hides and onto nearby villages. The estate is the ancestral seat of the original Earl of Leicester and still belongs to his descendants. The interior is sumptuous, with a red velvet–lined saloon, copies of Greek and Roman statues, and fluted columns in the Marble Hall and luxurious Green State Bedroom. Admission to the hall includes entry to the Bygones Museum (www.holkham.co.uk; Holkham; museum only adult/child £7/3.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) in the stable block. Its 4000 exhibits feature everything from mechanical toys to vintage cars and steam engines. #### Burnham Deepdale & Around Pop 800 Walkers flock to this lovely coastal spot, with its tiny twin villages of Burnham Deepdale and Brancaster Staithe strung along a rural road. Edged by the beautiful Norfolk Coastal Path, surrounded by beaches and reedy marshes, alive with bird life and criss-crossed by cycling routes, Burnham Deepdale is also a base for a whole host of water sports. 4Sleeping & Eating Deepdale FarmHOSTEL ( %01485-210256; www.deepdalefarm.co.uk; Burnham Deepdale; dm £13-18, d £30-60, camping £9-20, tipis from £60.; p i W) For backpackers it really doesn't get much better than Deepdale Farm: spic-and-span ensuite dorms and doubles in a converted stables, a homely well-equipped kitchen, BBQ area, and cosy lounge warmed by a wood burning stove. Campers get to go glam – in a tipi or yurt – or casual, in a good old tent. The hostel also operates a tourist office ( %01485-210256; h10am-4pm), the best place to go to organise kitesurfing or windsurfing on nearby beaches. Bike hire ( %014852-10258; per half/full day £10/16) is also available. White HorseHOTEL ( %01485-210262; www.whitehorsebrancaster.co.uk; Main Rd, Brancaster Staithe; mains £10-14; h11am-9pm; p W) The award-winning White Horse is a gastropub with a menu strong on seafood; the tapas-style dishes, featuring brown potted shrimp, seared tuna and tempura mackerel, more than set it apart from its competitors. The bedrooms (doubles £140 to £230) embody the seaside with their subtle colour schemes. #### Titchwell & Around Tiny Titchwell, just west of Burnham Deepdale, has a big asset: the Titchwell Marsh Nature Reserve (RSPB; www.rspb.org.uk; Titchwell; parking £5; hdawn-dusk; p), where marshland, sandbars and lagoons attract vast numbers of birds. Summer brings marsh harriers, avocets, terns and nesting bearded tits; in winter you'll see more than 20 species of wading birds and countless ducks and geese. Nearby, dreamy Titchwell Manor ( %01485-210221; www.titchwellmanor.com; Titchwell; d £125-215, mains £12-19; p i) is a swish, oh-so-contemporary hotel set in a grand Victorian house – one of its restaurants focuses on informal eating, the other fine dining. They're open noon to 2pm and 6pm to 9pm. ### King's Lynn & Around Pop 12,200 Once one of England's most important ports, King's Lynn was long known as 'the Warehouse on the Wash'. It was said you could cross from one side of the River Great Ouse to the other by simply stepping from boat to boat in its heyday. Something of the salty port-town tang can still be felt in old King's Lynn, with its cobbled lanes, vibrant weekly markets, and narrow streets flanked by old merchants' houses. 1Sights St Margaret's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stmargaretskingslynn.org.uk; Margaret Plain; h8am-6pm) The patchwork of styles here includes Flemish brasses and a remarkable 17th-century moon dial, which tells the tide, not the time. You'll find historic flood-level markings by the west door. Opposite, the 1421 **Trinity Guildhall** has an attractive stone facade. Old Gaol HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kingslynntownhall.com; Sat Market Pl; adult/child £3.30/2.20, Regalia Room free; h10am-4pm Wed-Sat Apr-Oct) Explore the old cells and hear grisly tales of smugglers, witches and highwaymen in the town's former jail. The Regalia Room houses the civic treasures, including the 650-year-old King John Cup, exquisitely decorated with scenes of hunting and hawking. Lynn MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk; Market St; adult/child £3.70/2.10; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat) High points here include a large hoard of Iceni gold coins and the Seahenge Gallery, which tells the story behind the construction and preservation of the early-Bronze Age timber circle which survived for 4000 years, despite being submerged on the Norfolk shoreline – it was only discovered in 1998. True's YardMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.truesyard.co.uk; North St; adult/child £3/1.50; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) Housed in two restored fishermen's cottages – the only remainder of the district's bustling, fiercely independent fishing community – this museum explores the lives and traditions of the fisherfolk, who were packed into cottages such as these like sardines. Castle RisingCASTLE (www.castlerising.co.uk; Castle Rising; adult/child £4/2.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar; p) There's something bordering on ecclesiastical about the beautifully embellished keep of this castle, built in 1138 and set in the middle of a massive earthwork upon which pheasants scurry about like guards. It's well worth the trip 4 miles northeast of King's Lynn off the A149. Bus 10/11 runs here (20 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, four on Sunday) from the King's Lynn bus station. So extravagant is the stonework that it's no surprise to learn that it shares stonemasons with some of East Anglia's finest cathedrals. It was once the home of Queen Isabella, who (allegedly) arranged the gruesome murder of her husband, Edward II. Houghton HallHISTORIC BUILDING (www.houghtonhall.com; nr King's Lynn; adult/child £13/5; h11am-4pm Wed, Thu & Sun May–mid-Oct; p) Built for Britain's first de-facto prime minister, Sir Robert Walpole, in 1730, the grand Palladian-style Houghton Hall is worth seeing for the ornate staterooms alone, where stunning interiors overflow with gilt, tapestries, velvets and period furniture. Even when the house is closed, the surrounding grounds, home to 600 deer, make for pleasant rambling. Houghton Hall is just off the A148, 13 miles east of Kings Lynn. Intriguingly, there could have been a whole other dimension to your visit, were it not for the fact that Sir Robert Walpole's grandson sold the estate's splendid art collection to Catherine the Great of Russia to stave off debts – those paintings formed the foundation of the world-renowned collection at the State Hermitage in St Petersburg. zFestivals & Events King's Lynn FestivalCULTURAL (www.kingslynnfestival.org.uk; hJul) East Anglia's most important cultural gathering, with a diverse mix of music, from medieval ballads to opera, as well as literary talks. 4Sleeping & Eating Bank HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01553-660492; www.thebankhouse.co.uk; King's Staithe Sq; s/d from £90/110; p W) S A quayside setting, gently funky decor and luxury bathrooms make this stylish Georgian town house pretty hard to turn down. Especially as the hip brasserie (mains £8 to £17) serves seriously good Modern British food. Market BistroMODERN BRITISH ( %01553-77148301553-771483; www.marketbistro.co.uk; 11 Sat Market Pl; mains £10-18; hnoon-2pm & 6-8.30pm Tue-Sat) S A commitment to Norfolk ingredients has won this friendly, family-run eatery heaps of fans. Seasonal specials might include succulent Cromer crab, locally smoked fish and tangy samphire from the marshes, not to mention their own, home-made ice cream. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01553-763044; www.visitwestnorfolk.com; Purfleet Quay; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) Arranges guided heritage walks (adult/child £4/1) at 2pm Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays between May and October. 8Getting There & Away There are hourly trains from Cambridge (£9, 50 minutes) via Ely and London Kings Cross (£31, 1¾ hours). The **Coasthopper 1** (www.coasthopper.co.uk) bus runs to Hunstanton (35 minutes, hourly) and connects with the Coasthopper 2 service, which runs along the north Norfolk coast. Services are frequent from April to September, less so the rest of the year. #### DON'T MISS ### SANDRINGHAM HOUSE oSandringhamHISTORIC BUILDING (www.sandringhamestate.co.uk; Sandringham; adult/child £13/6.50; h11am-4.30pm Easter-Oct; p) Both monarchists and those bemused by the English system will have plenty to mull over at this, the Queen's country estate. It's set in 25 hectares of beautifully landscaped gardens, and is open to the public when the royal family is not in residence. Sandringham is 6 miles northeast of King's Lynn off the B1440. Take Hunstanton-bound bus 11 from King's Lynn bus station (30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, four on Sunday). Queen Victoria bought Sandringham in 1862 for her son, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), and the features and furnishings remain much as they were in Edwardian days. Wandering around sumptuous reception rooms regularly used by the royals reveals a wealth of objets d'art and glinting gifts from European and Russian royal families. The stables house a flag-waving **museum** filled with diverse royal memorabilia, while the superb **vintage-car collection** includes the very first royal motor from 1900 and the buggy in which the Queen Mother would bounce around race tracks. There are **guided tours** (£3.50, 11am and 2pm Wednesday and Saturday) of the gardens. The shop stocks organic goodies produced on the sprawling estate. # Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches #### Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches Highlights #### Birmingham #### Warwickshire #### Coventry #### Warwick #### Kenilworth #### Stratford-upon-Avon #### Around Stratford-upon-Avon #### Staffordshire #### Stafford #### Lichfield #### Worcestershire #### Worcester #### Great Malvern #### Herefordshire #### Hereford #### Ross-on-Wye #### Ledbury #### Shropshire #### Shrewsbury #### Attingham Park #### Ironbridge Gorge #### Much Wenlock #### Around Much Wenlock #### Bridgnorth & Around #### Church Stretton & Around #### Bishop's Castle #### Ludlow #### Nottinghamshire #### Nottingham #### Around Nottingham #### Southwell #### Newark-on-Trent #### Lincolnshire #### Lincoln #### Stamford #### Boston #### Northamptonshire #### Northampton #### Around Northampton #### Leicestershire #### Leicester #### Around Leicester #### Derbyshire #### Derby #### Around Derby #### Matlock Bath #### Chesterfield #### Hardwick Hall #### Peak District #### Driving Tour #### Buxton #### Castleton & Around #### Derwent Reservoirs #### Edale #### Eyam #### Bakewell & Around # Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches ### Why Go? Few other places come so close to the dream of England as here, the country's heart. If you're searching for green valleys and chocolate-box villages of wonky timbered houses, the legend surrounding Nottingham's Robin Hood, or stately homes that look like the last lord of the manor just clip-clopped out of the stables, you'll find them here. You'll also find the relics of centuries of industrial history, best exemplified by the World Heritage–listed mills of Ironbridge and the Derwent Valley. Then there are dynamic cities, including Britain's second-largest, Birmingham: a canal-woven industrial crucible reinvented as a cultural melting pot, with striking architecture and red-hot restaurants, bars and nightlife. And then there are tumbling hills where the air is so clean you can taste it. Walkers and cyclists flock to these areas, particularly the Peak District National Park and the Shropshire Hills, to vanish into the vastness of the landscape. ### When to Go February and March see the wonderful chaos of Shrovetide football in Ashbourne. Literary buffs take note: Shakespeare takes a back seat to contemporary wordsmiths at Stratford's Literary Festival in April/May. If you're up for a belt-loosening, belly-stretching good time, head to Ludlow's famous Food and Drink Festival in September. On weekends from April to September, Shropshire Hills Shuttles provides access to wonderful walking trails on the Long Mynd and the Shropshire Hills, while June to September is the peak season for walking and cycling in the Peak District. ### Best Places to Eat AHammer & Pincers AOld Rectifying House ASamuel Fox ATrooper ASimpsons ### Best Places to Drink AYe Olde Trip to Jerusalem AJekyll & Hyde ALudlow Brewing Company AOld Bell Hotel AOld Thatch Tavern ## Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches Highlights 1 Surveying the buzzing city of Birmingham from the rooftop 'secret garden' of its stunning new library 2 Hiking, cycling or driving through the rugged Peak District National Park 3 Contemplating the apple tree that inspired Isaac Newton's theories on gravity at Woolsthorpe Manor 4 Museum-hopping in Ironbridge Gorge, birthplace of the Industrial Revolution 5 Learning about King Richard III's life, death and the extraordinary discovery of his remains in Leicester 6 Taking in a Shakespearean performance in the Bard's Tudor hometown Stratford-upon-Avon 7 Touring Great Malvern's Morgan Motor Company and taking a car for a spin through the surrounding hills 8 Wandering the opulent halls and grand gardens of Stamford's Burghley House 2Activities The Peak District is the Midlands' number-one spot to get in touch with nature. Famous walking trails such as the **Pennine Way** and **Limestone Way** struggle across the hills, while cyclists pit determination and muscle against challenging routes such as the **Pennine Cycleway** (NCN Route 68) from Derby to Buxton. Other activities include caving and rock climbing. Tracing the border between England and Wales, the lush green hills of the Marches are scattered with ruined castles. Top walking and cycling areas include the Long Mynd and Stiperstones in Shropshire and the Malvern Hills in Worcestershire. Sailors, windsurfers and water babies of all ages and levels of experience flock to Rutland Water near Leicester, while canoeing and kayaking are popular diversions in Hereford. ### EAT & DRINK LIKE A LOCAL Look out for the following specialities in Birmingham, the Midlands and the Marches: * **Balti** This fiery one-pot curry, believed to derive from the Urdu word _balty_ ('bucket'), is prepared in a cast-iron wok and traditionally served with a giant _karack_ naan bread. It was first cooked up in the curry-houses of Sparkbrook in southern Birmingham by Pakistani workers who moved here in the 1970s; the area is now known as the Balti Triangle. * **Chocolate** Iconic confectionery company Cadbury originated in Birmingham in 1824 when John Cadbury opened a grocer's shop at 93 Bull Street, selling his own preparations of cocoa and drinking chocolate. Learn about chocolate's evolution, watch it being made and taste it too at Cadbury World. * **Bakewell Pudding** The Peak District's most famous dessert is more rustic than the glazed versions from commercial bakeries. This pastry shell, spread with jam and topped with frangipane, a mixture of egg and ground almonds, was invented following an accidental misreading of a recipe around 1820. Both the Old Original Bakewell Pudding Shop and Bloomers Original Bakewell Puddings in Bakewell claim to be the pudding's progenitor. * **Cider** Crisp, dry ciders have been produced in Herefordshire since medieval times – discover them on the Herefordshire Cider Route. 8Getting There & Around Birmingham Airport ( %0871 222 0072; www.birminghamairport.co.uk) and East Midlands Airport ( %0871 919 9000; www.eastmidlandsairport.com) near Derby are the main air hubs. There are excellent rail connections to towns across the Midlands. National Express ( %08717 818178; www.nationalexpress.com), at Birmingham Coach Station, and local bus companies connect larger towns and villages, though services are reduced in the low season. For general route information, consult Traveline ( %0871 200 2233; www.travelinemidlands.co.uk) or visit www.networkwestmidlands.com. Ask locally about discounted all-day tickets. ## Birmingham Pop 1,085,800 Britain's second-largest city is also one of its most happening. A state-of-the-art £189 million library, a gleaming shopping centre atop the revitalised New St Station, beautifully restored Victorian buildings and a new 1.4km Midland Metro tram line extension through the city's heart are just some of the initiatives of its Big City Plan. There are also new parks, public spaces, and glitzy residential and commercial buildings. These come hot on the heels of the striking Mailbox and Bullring shopping malls and the 'bubblewrapped' facade of the iconic Selfridges building. Alongside outstanding museums and galleries you'll find an increasing number of gastronomic restaurants, cool and/or secret cocktail bars, and picturesque canals with waterside bars, restaurants, attractions and cruises. Thriving legacies of Birmingham's industrial heritage include its Jewellery Quarter, Cadbury manufacturing plant and a former custard factory that's been transformed into a cutting-edge creative hub. With construction on the High Speed Rail (HS2) line – connecting London with Birmingham in just 40 minutes by 2026 – set to boost employment and the economy, 'Brum', as it's dubbed by locals, is buzzing. ### BIRMINGHAM IN... ### TWO DAYS Start off in the centre, dropping into the eclectic Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery. Walk west through Centenary Sq, stopping to check out the Library of Birmingham before reaching the Birmingham Canals. From here you can take a canal cruise or while away an afternoon at the National Sea Life Centre or Ikon Gallery. Dine that night at one of Birmingham's cutting-edge restaurants such as adam's. On day two, indulge your inner shopaholic at the gleaming shopping malls of the Bullring and Mailbox, which both have good options for lunch. In the afternoon, catch up on some social history at the museum Birmingham Back to Backs. After dark, kick off a pub crawl at the Lost & Found. ### FOUR DAYS On day three, head north from the centre to Aston Hall and Soho House, or south to the famous Barber Institute. End the day with a show at the Repertory Theatre or a concert at Symphony Hall. Use day four to explore the fascinating Jewellery Quarter and spend the afternoon reliving _Charlie and the Chocolate_ _Factory_ fantasies at Cadbury World. History Birmingham was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was described as a small village, home to a handful of villagers and two ploughs, with a total value of £1. From these humble beginnings, Brum exploded into an industrial and mercantile hub, building its fortunes first on the wool trade and then on metal-working from the 16th century. The Lunar Society brought together the leading geologists, chemists, scientists, engineers and theorists of the mid-18th century and Birmingham became the world's first industrialised town, attracting a tide of workers from across the nation. In the mid-1800s enlightened mayors such as Joseph Chamberlain (1836–1914) cleaned out the slums and filled the centre with grand civic buildings. Later, WWII bombers and overzealous town planners took their toll, and swaths of the centre were demolished in a bid to transform Birmingham into 'Britain's Motor City'. Recent years have seen an explosion of regeneration projects, with 21st-century landmarks appearing all over the city. Birmingham 1Top Sights 1Library of BirminghamB3 1Sights 2Birmingham Back to BacksD5 3Birmingham CathedralD2 4Birmingham Museum & Art GalleryC3 5Council HouseC3 6Custard FactoryG5 7Eastside ProjectsG4 8FountainC3 9Ikon GalleryA4 10International Convention CentreA3 11Royal Birmingham Society of ArtistsB1 12St Paul's ChurchB1 13Statue of Boulton, Watt & MurdochB3 14Statue of Queen VictoriaC3 15ThinktankF2 16Town HallC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 17Sherborne Wharf Boat TripsA3 4Sleeping 18Birmingham Central BackpackersF4 19BlocB1 20Hotel du VinC2 21Hotel La TourE3 5Eating 22adam'sC3 23Canalside CafeA4 24Le TrucD5 25PushkarA4 6Drinking & Nightlife 26Arcadian CentreD5 27BacchusD3 28Bodega Bar & CantinaC3 29Island BarC4 30Jekyll & HydeE1 31Lost & FoundC3 32Old Joint StockC3 33Q ClubE1 34VictoriaC4 35WellingtonC3 3Entertainment 36Birmingham Repertory TheatreA3 37Electric CinemaD4 Giant ScreenF2 38HippodromeD5 39Jam HouseB1 40O2 AcademyC5 41Sunflower LoungeD4 42Symphony HallA3 7Shopping 43Aston Villa City Centre StoreD3 44BullringE4 45Great Western ArcadeD2 46MailboxC4 1Sights & Activities #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### DIGBETH'S CREATIVE QUARTER Custard FactoryARTS CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-224 7777; www.custardfactory.co.uk; Gibb St) Just over a mile southeast of the centre, Digbeth's creative quarter centres on the Custard Factory, a hip art and design enclave set in the converted buildings of the factory that once churned out British favourite Bird's Custard. The open-plan space is now full of small galleries, quirky design boutiques, vintage clothes outlets, skateboard shops and affordable, off-beat cafes. There's also a mini skate ramp and free ping-pong tables. Check out the artist-run experimental gallery Eastside Projects ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eastsideprojects.org; 86 Heath Mill Lane; hnoon-5pm Wed-Sat) nearby. #### City Centre Birmingham's grandest civic buildings are clustered around pedestrianised **Victoria Square** , at the western end of New St, dominated by the stately facade of Council House ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), built between 1874 and 1879. The square was given a facelift in 1993, with modernist sphinxes and a fountain ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) topped by a naked female figure, nicknamed 'the floozy in the jacuzzi' by locals, overlooked by a disapproving statue of Queen Victoria ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). To the west, **Centenary Sq** is book-ended by the art deco Hall of Memory War Memorial, the International Convention Centre (ICC; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) (ICC) and Symphony Hall. There's a gleaming golden statue ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) of Birmingham's Industrial Revolution leading lights Matthew Boulton, James Watt and William Murdoch. Centenary Sq's showpiece is the spiffing new Library of Birmingham. oLibrary of BirminghamLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.libraryofbirmingham.com; Centenary Sq; h8am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Resembling a glittering stack of gift-wrapped presents, the Francine Houben–designed Library of Birmingham is an architectural triumph. Opened in 2013, the library features a subterranean amphitheatre, a spiralling interior, viewing decks and a glass elevator to the 7th-floor 'secret garden', which provides panoramic views over the city. In addition to its archives, photography and rare-book collections, including Britain's most important Shakespeare collection, are gallery spaces, 160-plus computers and a cafe. The British Film Institute Mediatheque provides free access to the National Film Archive. The former Central Library is to be demolished to make way for the Paradise Circus redevelopment between Centenary and Chamberlain Sqs, incorporating a new four-star hotel, shops and public squares, due for completion in 2017. Birmingham Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-303 2834; www.bmag.org.uk; Chamberlain Sq; h10am-5pm Sat-Thu, 10.30am-5pm Fri; c) F Major Pre-Raphaelite works by Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and others are among the highlights of the delightful Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery's impressive collection of ancient treasures and Victorian art. Birmingham Back to BacksHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-666 7671; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; 55-63 Hurst St; tours adult/child £7.25/3.90; h1-5pm Tue-Thu, 10am-5pm Fri-Sun, longer hours during school holidays) Quirky tours of this cluster of restored back-to-back terraced houses take you through four working-class homes, telling the stories of those who lived here between the 1840s and the 1970s. Book ahead by phone for the compulsory guided tour. For an even more vivid impression of what life was like here, you can book to stay in basic three-storey period cottages at 52 and 54 Inge St (doubles from £100). Guests receive a free Back to Backs tour. Town HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-345 0600; www.thsh.co.uk; Victoria Sq) Constructed in 1834 and styled after the Temple of Castor and Pollux in Rome, Birmingham's neoclassical Town Hall is now used as a venue for classical concerts and stage performances. Birmingham CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-262 1840; www.birminghamcathedral.com; Colmore Row; entry by donation; h7.30am-6.30pm Mon-Fri, 8.30am-5pm Sat & Sun) Dedicated to St Philip, this small but perfectly formed cathedral was constructed in a neoclassical style between 1709 and 1715. Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones was responsible for the magnificent stained-glass windows. ThinktankMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-202 2222; www.thinktank.ac; Millennium Point, Curzon St; adult/child £12.25/8.40; h10am-5pm) A 10-minute walk northeast of the centre, surrounded by the footprints of vanished factories, the Millennium Point development contains this entertaining and ambitious attempt to make science accessible to children. Highlights include galleries on the past (Birmingham's industrial breakthroughs), present (how stuff works) and future, as well as an outdoor science garden and digital planetarium (included in the admission price). There's also a giant screen cinema ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-202 3333; www.giantscreencinema.co.uk; Millennium Point, Curzon St; tickets adult/child from £8.50/6). #### Birmingham Canals During the industrial age, Birmingham was a major hub on the English canal network and today the city has more miles of canals than Venice. Narrow boats still float through the heart of the city, passing a string of swanky wharfside developments. Ikon GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-248 0708; www.ikon-gallery.co.uk; 1 Oozells Sq; h11am-6pm Tue-Sun) F Within the glitzy Brindley Pl development of banking offices and designer restaurants, a converted Gothic schoolhouse contains the cutting-edge Ikon Gallery. Prepare to be thrilled, bemused or outraged, depending on your take on conceptual art. National Sea Life CentreAQUARIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 6777; www.visitsealife.com; 3a Brindley Pl; admission £20.95; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun) The Sir Norman Foster–designed National Sea Life Centre is England's largest inland aquarium. Its tanks teem with exotic marine life including razor-jawed hammerhead sharks, turtles and otters. Tickets for two or more people cost £15 per person. Pre-purchase tickets online for fast-track entry and get discounts of up to 40% off on-the-spot rates. #### Jewellery Quarter Birmingham has been a major jewellery player since Charles II acquired a taste for it in 17th-century France. The gentrifying Jewellery Quarter, three-quarters of a mile northwest of the centre, still produces 40% of UK-manufactured jewellery. Dozens of workshops open to the public are listed in the free booklet _Jewellery Quarter: the Essential Guide,_ available from tourist offices and local businesses, or visit www.jewelleryquarter.net. Take the metro from Snow Hill (£2.20, 10 minutes, frequent) or the train from Moor St (£1.80, six minutes, every 10 minutes) to Jewellery Quarter station. Museum of the Jewellery QuarterMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-554 3598; www.bmag.org.uk; 75 Vyse St; adult/child £5/free; h10.30am-5pm Tue-Sat) The Smith & Pepper jewellery factory is preserved as it was on its closing day in 1981 after 80 years of operation. Guided tours lasting around one hour explain the long history of the trade in Birmingham and let you watch master jewellers at work. Entry to the temporary exhibition space and shop is free. St Paul's ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.saintpaulbrum.org; St Paul's Sq; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) St Paul's Sq is dominated by this beautiful 18th-century Georgian church, where 'Birmingham Brains' Matthew Boulton and James Watt came to pray. Royal Birmingham Society of ArtistsARTS CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-236 4353; www.rbsa.org.uk; 4 Brook St; h10.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 1-5pm Sun) F Local artists and artisans have exhibited their work at the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists since 1814. Jewellery-Silversmithing Design AcademyCOURSE ( %07780-671 870; www.jsdauk.com; Studio 214b, 120 Vyse St; h1-day courses from £69) Learn how to create your own jewellery during master classes, short courses and workshops in the heart of the Jewellery Quarter. #### Outlying Areas Soho HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-554 9122; www.bmag.org.uk; Soho Ave, Handsworth; adult/child £4/free; h11.30am-4pm Tue-Sun mid-Apr–Oct) About 1.5 miles northwest of Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter, Soho House is where industrialist Matthew Boulton lived from 1766 to 1809. Among the restored 18th-century chambers is the dining room where Boulton and members of the esteemed Lunar Society met to discuss their world-changing ideas during the greatest technological leap forward since the invention of the wheel. From Priory Queensway, take bus 74 or 75 (£1.70, 25 minutes, every 10 minutes) to the Lozells stop, from where it's a five-minute walk. Barber Institute of Fine ArtsGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-414 7333; www.barber.org.uk; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, 11am-5pm Sat & Sun) F At the University of Birmingham, 3 miles south of the centre, the Barber Institute of Fine Arts has an astonishing collection of Renaissance masterpieces; European masters such as Rubens and Van Dyck; British greats including Gainsborough, Reynolds and Turner; and classics from modern titans Picasso, Magritte and others. Trains run from New St to University station (£2.10, seven minutes, every five minutes), from where it's a 10-minute walk. Cadbury WorldMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 880 7667; www.cadburyworld.co.uk; Linden Rd, Bournville; adult/child £15.95/11.70; h10am-4.30pm) The next best thing to Willy Wonka's chocolate factory is Cadbury World, 4 miles south of Birmingham. It aims to educate visitors about the history of cocoa and the Cadbury family, but sweetens the deal with free samples, displays of chocolate-making machines, and chocolate-themed rides. Opening hours vary; bookings are essential at peak times. Last entry is 90 minutes before closing. Frequent trains run from Birmingham New St Station to Bournville (£2.40, 12 minutes, every 10 minutes), from where it's a sign-posted 10-minute walk. Surrounding the aromatic chocolate works, pretty **Bournville Village** was built by the philanthropic Cadbury family to accommodate early 20th-century factory workers. Aston HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-675 4722; www.bmag.org.uk; Trinity Rd, Aston; house adult/child £4/free, grounds free; hnoon-4pm Tue-Sun mid-Apr–Oct) About 3 miles north of the centre, set in lush grounds, this well-preserved hall was built in extravagant Jacobean style between 1618 and 1635. The sumptuous interiors are full of friezes, moulded ceilings and tapestries. Trains run from New St to Aston station (£2, eight minutes, every 10 minutes), from where it's a 10-minute walk. TTours Big Brum BuzBUS TOUR (www.birmingham-tours.co.uk; day ticket adult/child £12/5; hSat & Sun May-Sep) Hop-on/hop-off bus tour. On the first Sunday of the month from May to October, it operates as the Museum Heritage Bus (adult/child £5/free) with a different schedule and stops. Sherborne Wharf Boat TripsBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-455 6163; www.sherbornewharf.co.uk; Sherborne St; adult/child £8/6; h11.30am, 1pm, 2.30pm & 4pm daily mid-Apr–Oct, Sat & Sun Nov–mid-Apr) Nostalgic narrow-boat cruises from the quayside by the International Convention Centre. zFestivals & Events Crufts Dog ShowANIMAL SHOW (www.crufts.org.uk; hMar) The world's greatest collection of pooches on parade, held annually at the National Exhibition Centre. Birmingham PrideGAY (www.birminghampride.com; hMay) One of the biggest and most colourful celebrations of gay and lesbian culture in the country. Frankfurt Christmas Market & Craft FairCHRISTMAS MARKET (www.birmingham.gov.uk/frankfurtmarket; hmid-Nov–mid-Dec) Some 200 food, drink and craft stalls from Birmingham's twin city in Germany and from local purveyors fill the centre during the UK's largest Christmas market. 4Sleeping Most Birmingham hotels are aimed at business travellers, ensuring high prices during the week. Look out for cheap deals at weekends or for longer stays. B&Bs are concentrated outside the centre in Acocks Green (to the southeast) or Edgbaston and Selly Oak (to the southwest). Birmingham Central BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 0033; www.birminghambackpackers.com; 58 Coventry St; dm/d from £14/36; i W) Despite the railway-bridge-right-next-door setting, Birmingham's purple and turquoise backpacker hostel is recommendable for its convenience to the bus station and choice of clean, multicoloured dorms or Japanese-style pods. Excellent facilities include a lounge with DVDs, Wii, an Xbox and PlayStation, a bar and a self-catering kitchen. You mightn't need the latter – breakfast and an evening snack buffet are free. oHotel La TourHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-718 8000; http://hotel-latour.co.uk; Albert St; d from £100; a W) Sunlight streams through floor-to-ceiling windows into the public areas and spacious rooms of this state-of-the-art independent hotel, purpose-built in 2012. Tech-savvy room features include digitally controlled 'do not disturb' signs and media hubs. There's a 24-hour gym and a swish Modern British restaurant, Aalto. Hotel du VinBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-200 0600; www.hotelduvin.com; Church St; d from £115; i W) Housed in the handsome Victorian precincts of the former Birmingham Eye Hospital, this red-brick beauty has real class, with wrought-iron balustrades, classical murals and seasoned charms. Art deco–inspired rooms have spectacular bathrooms; there's a pampering spa and a gym; a bistro with shabby-chic worn floorboards and a stellar wine list; plus a pub and lounge bar with comfy, duffed-up leather furniture. BlocHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-212 1223; www.blochotels.com; St Paul's, Caroline St; d from £90; a W) In the Jewellery Quarter, Bloc excels in sharp, contemporary pod design. Rooms are tiny but space is cleverly stretched – flatscreen TVs are built into walls; storage is under-bed; and bathrooms are compact but with luxe shower-heads. Rooms come with window or without. Good online specials. Westbourne LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-429 1003; www.westbournelodge.co.uk; Fountain Rd; s/d/f from £49.50/69.50/79.50; p i W) This popular B&B is conveniently located about 2 miles west out in the peaceful suburb of Edgbaston (follow the A456). Rooms are a little chintzy but spacious, and there's a pleasant terrace to enjoy in summer. 5Eating Dining options span cool cafes and cosy pubs to gastronomic extravaganzas. For cheap curries, try the Balti Triangle. Spice is also on the menu at inexpensive restaurants throughout Chinatown, on the southwestern side of the Bullring shopping mall. Canalside CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 3170; 35 Worcester Bar, Gas St; dishes £3.95-4.95; h9am-11pm) Narrow boats glide past the terrace of this 18th-century lock-keeper's cottage, where the low-ceilinged interior is strung with nautical paraphernalia and warmed by an open fire. Home-cooked meals such as cottage pie, lasagne and stroganoff are chalked on the blackboard alongside vegetarian (and vegan) specials. Drop by for a cuppa and cake, or a real ale or cider. Le TrucFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-622 7050; http://letruc.co.uk; 21 Ladywell Way; mains £11.50-23; h5-10pm Mon-Fri, 10am-10pm Sat & Sun) Bulldog murals, chandeliers, Scrabble tiles and a cassette-covered DJ console at this funky independent bistro form the backdrop for authentic French regional dishes, served with a contemporary and/or British twist. Regular events include Sunday brunch with 'lashings of Bloody Marys'. PushkarINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 7978; www.pushkardining.com; 245 Broad St; 2-/3-course lunch menus £10/13, mains £7.25-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-11.30pm Mon-Fri, 5-11.30pm Sat & Sun) Classy North Indian and Punjabi cuisine is served up in this glass-fronted, white tableclothed, gold-trimmed dining room. The elegant presentation extends to boxed menus and serviette-wrapped naan bread as well as stunning cocktails. Lunch menus are an excellent deal. adam'sMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 3745; www.adamsrestaurant.co.uk; 21a Bennett's Hill; 3-course lunch menu £32, 5-/9-course menu £50/80; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Tue-Sat) In a small but snazzy dining room with suspended lighting and a space-defying, trompe-l'œil-effect photo of a Victorian columned hallway, Birmingham's newest Michelin-starred restaurant wows with intricately prepared and presented flavour combinations. Five- and nine-course tasting menus are available at lunch and dinner (nine-course only Friday and Saturday). Book well ahead. oSimpsonsMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-454 3434; www.simpsonsrestaurant.co.uk; 20 Highfield Rd; 3-course lunch menu £40, mains £21-27; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun) It's worth making the journey 2.5 miles southwest of the centre to this gorgeous Georgian mansion in leafy Edgbaston for Michelin-starred chef Andreas Antona's sensational creations. You can also stay the night in one of four luxurious bedrooms upstairs (£160 to £225; Tuesday to Saturday only), or take an all-day cookery class (£135 including three-course lunch, Saturdays). Reservations recommended. ### BALTI TRIANGLE Birmingham's famous Balti Triangle (www.balti-birmingham.co.uk), 2.5 miles southeast of the centre, is formed by Ladypool Rd, Stoney Lane and Stratford Rd. Dozens of restaurants here serve balti, a Pakistani-inspired one-pot curry, as well as soft drinks, fruit juices and lassis (yoghurt shakes), and diners can bring their own beer or wine. The Balti Triangle is liveliest at night, especially on Fridays. Take bus 3, 5, 6, 31 or 37 from Selfridges stop PA3 (£1.90, 30 minutes, every five minutes). Saleem's Restaurant & Sweet HouseBALTI ( %0121-449 1861; www.saleemsrestaurant.com; 256-258 Ladypool Rd; mains £6-8; hnoon-midnight Mon-Sat, 9am-midnight Sun) This long-established Balti Triangle restaurant is understandably popular for its generous portions of balti and tasty milk-based Indian sweets. Al Faisal'sBALTI ( %0121-449 5695; www.alfaisal.co.uk; 136-140 Stoney Lane; mains £7-8; hnoon-midnight) This Balti Triangle favourite serves delicious dishes from the mountains of Kashmir, as well as for classic Birmingham baltis. 6Drinking & Nightlife Nightlife hubs in Birmingham include Broad St (aka the 'golden mile' – some say for the prevalence of fake tan here), which has mainstream pubs and clubs as well as theatres and cinemas. South of New St station, defunct pubs and warehouses have found new life as bars and clubs; Chinatown's Arcadian Centre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thearcadian.co.uk; Hurst St) is the gateway to this hedonistic quarter, with numerous party bars and dancing spots. Post-industrial Digbeth has alternative clubs and club events in and around the Custard Factory. oJekyll & HydePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-236 0345; www.thejekyllandhyde.co.uk; 28 Steelhouse Lane; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) Potent cocktails (or rather 'elixirs, concoctions and potions') at this trippy spot are served in sweets jars, watering cans, teapots and miniature bathtubs – even a wash bag (with a rum-mint toothpaste and Kaffir lime). Downstairs, Mr Hyde's emporium has a cosy drawing room and _Alice in Wonderland–_ themed courtyard; upstairs is Dr Jekyll's Gin Parlour. If Jekyll & Hyde is your kind of place, check out some of independent Birmingham company Bitters 'n' Twisted's other unique properties, especially the South American-themed Bodega Bar & Cantina ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bodegabirmingham.co.uk; 12 Bennett's Hill; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, noon-2am Fri & Sat, noon-8pm Sun); the 19th-century splendour of Victoria ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thevictoriabirmingham.co.uk; 48 John Bright St; hnoon-midnight Sun-Wed, noon-1am Thu, noon-2am Fri & Sat), with awesome DJs; and rum specialist Island Bar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-632 5296; www.bar-island.co.uk; 14-16 Suffolk St Queensway; h5pm-midnight Mon-Wed, 5pm-2am Fri & Sat, 8pm-2am Sun), with giant blow-ups of Hawaiian beaches. All serve top-notch food too. Lost & FoundBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-lostandfound.co.uk; 8 Bennett's Hill; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri, 10am-midnight Sat, 11am-9pm Sun) Fictitious Victorian-era explorer/professor Hettie G Watson is the inspiration for the botanical library theme of this bar in an 1869-built former bank. Inside the domed entrance, elevated seating is surrounded by plants, birdcages, books and maps, while a bookcase conceals the entrance to Hettie's 'secret emporium' bar (try your luck around 7.30pm on a Friday or Saturday). WellingtonPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thewellingtonrealale.co.uk; 37 Bennett's Hill; h10am-midnight) The pastel wallpaper, timber bar and polished brass give the impression the Welly is frozen in time, but this specialist real ale pub has just been spruced up and has gained a new roof terrace. Its 16 hand-pulled beers (and three ciders) include favourites from Black Country and Wye Valley as well as rare brews. BacchusBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-632 5445; www.nicholsonspubs.co.uk; Burlington Arcade, New St; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat) Beneath the Burlington arcade, down a faux marble-encased staircase, crumbling pillars and giant Grecian murals give way to soaring medieval-style stone arches, swords, suits of armour and candelabras. All of this gives the darkened drinking den the ambience of a decadent underworld. Old Joint StockPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-200 1892; www.oldjointstocktheatre.co.uk; 4 Temple Row West; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun; W) A vast high-ceilinged temple of a pub, housed in a former bank and beloved by a high-spirited after-work crowd. Upstairs, an 80-seat theatre puts on plays and comedy shows. Q ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.qclub.co.uk; 212 Corporation St; hhours vary) The old brick Central Hall that houses this legendary club is on its last legs, but the 'Q' is still going strong. DJs pump out boisterous electro, house, jungle and old-school club classics. ### GAY & LESBIAN BIRMINGHAM Birmingham's loud and lively gay scene is centred on the **Gay Village** south of the Bullring around Hurst St. The area throngs with the bold, bright and beautiful on weekend nights and peaks during May's Birmingham Pride festivities. For up-to-the-minute information on the Brummie scene, check www.visitgaybrum.com. 3Entertainment Tickets for most Birmingham events can be purchased through entertainment megacorp TicketWeb ( %0870 060 0100; www.ticketweb.co.uk). Free publications listing gigs and events include the excellent _Brum Notes_ (www.brumnotes.com). Live Music The National Indoor Arena ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-780 4141; www.thenia.co.uk; King Edwards Rd), north of Brindley Pl, and the National Exhibition Centre Arena ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-780 4141; www.thenec.co.uk; off the M42), near Birmingham Airport, host stadium-fillers from the world of rock and pop. Sunflower LoungeLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-632 6756; www.thesunflowerlounge.com; 76 Smallbrook Queensway; hhours vary) This quirky little indie bar matches a magnificent alternative soundtrack with a regular program of live gigs and DJ nights. Jam HouseLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thejamhouse.com; 3-5 St Paul's Sq; h6pm-midnight Tue & Wed, to 1am Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) Pianist Jools Holland was the brains behind this moody, smart-casual music venue (dress accordingly). Acts range from jazz big bands to famous soul crooners. Over 21s only. Symphony HallCLASSICAL MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-345 0600; www.symphonyhall.co.uk; Broad St) The City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra's official home is the ultramodern Symphony Hall. Shows also take place in the handsome auditorium at the Town Hall. O2 AcademyLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.o2academybirmingham.co.uk; 16-18 Horsefair, Bristol St; hbox office 12-4pm Mon-Sat) Birmingham's leading venue for big-name rockers and tribute bands as well as up-and-coming talent. Theatre & Cinema Birmingham Repertory TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-236 4455; www.birmingham-rep.co.uk; Centenary Sq) Founded over a century ago, 'the Rep' now has three performance spaces – the Main House; the more experimental Door; and a new 300-seat studio theatre presenting edgy drama and musicals, with an emphasis on contemporary work. Electric CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theelectric.co.uk; 47-49 Station St; standard/deluxe seats £7.80/13.50) Topped by its art deco sign, this is the UK's oldest working cinema, operating since 1909. It screens mainly art-house films. Be waited upon in plush two-seater sofas or have a drink in the small bar (complete with an absinthe fountain). HippodromeTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 338 5000; www.birminghamhippodrome.com; Hurst St) Hosts the Birmingham Royal Ballet. Sport Birmingham has three football (soccer) clubs within striking distance: Birmingham City Football Club, West Bromwich Albion ('West Brom') and, most famously, Aston Villa Football Club. Villa ParkFOOTBALL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0800 612 0970; www.avfc.co.uk; Trinity Rd, Witton; tours adult/child from £12.95/7.95) Aston Villa Football Club's 19th-century Villa Park is one of the country's largest stadiums. Behind-the-scenes tours (three times weekly by reservation) include the dressing rooms, tunnel and pitch. The ground is 2 miles north of Birmingham. Trains run from New St to Witton (£2, nine minutes, half-hourly), a five-minute walk away; and every 10 minutes to Aston, a 15-minute walk. Tickets and merchandise are available from the Aston Villa City Centre Store ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-326 1559; www.avfc.co.uk; New St; h9.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-3pm Sun). 7Shopping Bustling markets sell fresh food and cheap imported clothes in the pedestrian precincts surrounding the Bullring. Atop the revitalised New St train station, the gleaming Grand Central Birmingham shopping mall (www.grandcentralbirmingham.com), opening 2015, is anchored by a massive John Lewis department store. Great Western ArcadeSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greatwesternarcade.co.uk; btwn Colmore Row & Temple Row; harcade 9am-11pm Mon-Sat, 11am-8pm Sun, shop hours vary) This glass-roofed, tiled-floored Victorian-era arcade is a jewel filled with mostly independent shops. BullringMALL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bullring.co.uk; St Martin's Circus; h10am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-8pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Split into two vast retail spaces – the East Mall and West Mall – the Bullring has all the international brands and chain cafes you could ask for, plus the standout architectural wonder of Selfridges, which looks out over the city like the compound eye of a giant robot insect. MailboxMALL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mailboxlife.com; Wharfside St; h10am-6pm Mon-Wed, to 7pm Thu-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Birmingham's stylish waterside shopping experience, the redevelopment of the former Royal Mail sorting office, comes complete with designer hotels, a fleet of upmarket restaurants, the luxury department store Harvey Nichols and designer boutiques. Its super-snazzy metallic extension, The Cube, houses Marco Pierre White's Steakhouse Bar and Grill on the 25th floor. 8Information As in most large cities, it's wise to avoid walking alone late at night in unlit areas. In particular, the centre, especially south of the Bullring, can be rowdy with revellers on weekend nights. Digbeth bus station and its surrounds can be quite rough after dark. Birmingham Children's HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-333 9999; www.bch.nhs.uk; Steelhouse Lane) Has an Accident & Emergency department. Heart of England Tourist BoardTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01905-887690; www.visitheartofengland.com) Heartlands HospitalHOSPITAL ( %0121-424 2000; www.heartofengland.nhs.uk; Bordesley Green East) Located 4 miles east of the centre; has an Accident & Emergency department. Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %101; Steelhouse Lane) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 888 3883; www.visitbirmingham.com; cnr Corporation & New Sts; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Kiosk with racks of info on activities, transport and sights. There's a branch at the Library of Birmingham. 8Getting There & Away Air Birmingham Airport is about 8 miles east of the centre, with direct flights to destinations around the UK and Europe as well as direct long-haul routes to Dubai, India, the USA and Canada. Bus Most intercity buses run from Birmingham Coach Station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Digbeth High St), but the X20 to Stratford-upon-Avon (£5, 1¼ hours, hourly) leaves from a stop on Moor St, just north of the Pavilions mall. National Express runs coaches between Birmingham and major cities across the country, including the following: A **London Victoria** £12.60, 2¾ hours, every 30 minutes A **Manchester** £14.40, 3 hours, 14 daily A **Oxford** £15.20, 1½ to four hours, eight daily Train Most long-distance trains leave from New St station, but Chiltern Railways runs to London Marylebone (£49, 2½ hours, half-hourly) from Birmingham Snow Hill, and London Midland runs to Stratford-upon-Avon (£7.30, one hour, half-hourly) from Snow Hill and Moor St stations. Useful services from New St include the following: A **Derby** £15.90, 45 minutes, four per hour A **Leicester** £12.90, one hour, two per hour A **London Euston** £27.50, 1½ hours, every 15 minutes A **Manchester** £34.40, 1¾ hours, every half hour A **Nottingham** £17.40, 1¼ hours, three per hour A **Shrewsbury** £13.60, one hour, two per hour 8Getting Around To/From the Airport Fast and convenient trains run regularly between New St and Birmingham International station (£3.50, 20 minutes, every 10 minutes), or take bus 97 or 900 (£5, 30 minutes, every 30 minutes) from Moor St Queensway, which runs 24 hours. A taxi from the airport to the centre costs about £30. Car All the big car-hire companies have town offices. AvisCAR RENTAL ( %0844 544 6038; www.avis.co.uk; 17 Horse Fair) Enterprise Rent-a-CarCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-643 7743; www.enterprise.co.uk; 9-10 Suffolk St Queensway) Public Transport Local buses run from a convenient hub on Corporation St, just north of the New St junction. For routes, pick up a free copy of the _Network Birmingham Map & Guide_ from the tourist office. Single-trip tickets start from £1.70. Commuter trains to destinations in the north of Birmingham (including Aston) operate from Moor St train station, close to Selfridges. The 2015-opening extension of Birmingham's single tram line, the **Metro** (www.travelmetro.co.uk), links New St Station with Wolverhampton via the Jewellery Quarter, West Bromwich and Dudley. Tickets start from £2.20. A further extension from New St to Birmingham Town Hall and Centenary Sq is due to open in 2017. Various saver tickets covering buses and trains are available from Network West Midlands ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0121-2147 7550; www.networkwestmidlands.com; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) at New St Station. TOA Taxis ( %0121-427 8888; www.toataxis.co.uk) is a reliable black-cab taxi firm. ## Warwickshire Warwickshire could have been just another picturesque English county of rolling hills and market towns were it not for the birth of a rather well-known wordsmith. William Shakespeare was born and died in Stratford-upon-Avon, and the sights linked to his life are a magnet for tourists from around the globe. Famous Warwick Castle attracts similar crowds. Elsewhere visitor numbers dwindle, but Kenilworth has atmospheric castle ruins and Coventry claims two extraordinary cathedrals and an unmissable motoring museum. 8Information Shakespeare CountryTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.shakespeare-country.co.uk) 8Getting There & Around Coventry is the main transport hub, with frequent rail connections to London Euston and Birmingham New St. ### Coventry Pop 325,950 Dominated today by its twin spires and identikit tower blocks, Coventry was once a bustling hub for the production of cloth, clocks, bicycles, automobiles and munitions. It was this last industry that drew the German Luftwaffe in WWII: on the night of 14 November 1940, the city was so badly blitzed that the Nazis coined a new verb, _coventrieren,_ meaning 'to flatten'. Postwar planners filled in the gaps with dull concrete developments, and the city faced a further setback with the collapse of the British motor industry in the 1980s. A handful of medieval streets that escaped the bombers offer a glimpse of old Coventry. 1Sights oCoventry Transport MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %024-7623 4270; www.transport-museum.com; Hales St; h10am-5pm) F This stupendous museum has hundreds of 'cars' spanning the ages, from horseless carriages to jet-powered, land-speed record breakers. There's a brushed stainless steel DeLorean DMC-12 (of _Back to the Future_ fame) with gull-wing doors, alongside a gorgeous Jaguar E-type, a Daimler armoured car and, for 1970s British design oddity enthusiasts, a Triumph TR7 and an Austin Allegro 'Special'. View the Thrust SCC, the current holder of the World Land Speed Record and the Thrust 2, the previous record holder. Kids will be engrossed by the atmospheric 'Coventry Blitz Experience' and the Thrust speed simulator (£1.50). Coventry CathedralCATHEDRAL ( %024-7652 1200; www.coventrycathedral.org.uk; Priory Row; adult/child £8/5.75; h10am-4pm) The evocative ruins of **St Michael's Cathedral** , built around 1300 but destroyed by Nazi incendiary bombs in the Blitz, stand as a permanent memorial to Coventry's darkest hour and as a symbol of peace and reconciliation. Climb the **Gothic spire** 's 180 steps for panoramic views (adult/child £2.75/1.50). Symbolically adjoining St Michael's Cathedral's sandstone walls is the Sir Basil Spence–designed modernist architectural masterpiece, **Coventry Cathedral** , with a futuristic organ, stained glass and Jacob Epstein statue of the devil and St Michael. Herbert Art Gallery & MuseumGALLERY ( %024-7623 7521; www.theherbert.org; Jordan Well; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) F Behind Coventry's twin cathedrals, the Herbert has an eclectic collection of paintings and sculptures (including work by TS Lowry and Stanley Spencer), a delightful cafe and lots of activities aimed at kids. The history gallery and thought-provoking gallery on peace and reconciliation are worth a look-in. St Mary's GuildhallHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %024-7683 3328; www.stmarysguildhall.co.uk; Bayley Lane; h10am-4pm Sun-Thu mid-Mar–Sep) F This hall is where the town's trades came together in the Middle Ages to discuss town affairs. As one of England's finest guildhalls, it was chosen to be a jail for Mary Queen of Scots. Stained-glass windows glorify the kings of England; further down the hall stands WC Marshall's statue of Lady Godiva. Look out for the medieval tapestry depicting Henry VI. 4Sleeping & Eating Coventry makes an easy day trip from Birmingham but if you want to stay, the tourist office can help find accommodation. Spon St, better known as 'Medieval Spon St', has a smattering of restaurants, pubs and cafes as well as boutiques in its half-timbered buildings. PlaywrightsCAFE ( %024-7623 1441; www.playwrightsrestaurant.co.uk; 4-6 Hay Lane; mains £8-19.50; h9am to late) On the lovely cobbled lane leading from Earl St to the cathedral, this bright, inviting cafe, bar and bistro is as good for breakfast as it is for lunch or an intimate dinner. Tables are flung out on the cobbles in warmer weather. 8Information Tourist Office ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %024-7622 5616; www.visitcoventry.co.uk; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4.30pm Sat, 10am-noon & 1-4.30pm Sun) Housed in the restored tower of St Michael's Cathedral. 8Getting There & Away From the main bus station, National Express buses serve most parts of the country. Buses X17 and X19 (every 15 minutes) go to Kenilworth (£1.90, 25 minutes), Leamington Spa (£3.35, 50 minutes) and Warwick (£5, 1¼ hours). Trains go south to London Euston (£45.90, 1¼ hours, every 10 to 20 minutes) and you will rarely have to wait for a train to Birmingham (£3.40, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes). #### WORTH A TRIP ### RUGBY Warwickshire's second-largest hub, Rugby (population 100,500) is an attractive market town whose history dates back to the Iron Age. But it's most famous for the sport that takes its name, and is a place of pilgrimage for fans. The game was invented at **Rugby School** in 1823 when William Webb Ellis is said to have caught the ball during a football match and broke the rules by running with it. The school itself is closed to the public, but you can peek at the hallowed ground through the gates just across from the Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum ( %01788-533217; www.rugbyfootballmuseum.org.uk; 5-6 Matthews St; admission free; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat). Intriguing exhibits at the little museum include the evolution of the ball and historic team photos from the Webb Ellis Cup (aka the Rugby World Cup). The museum is attached to the first rugby football workshop, established in 1842, which still manufactures footballs today. Rugby is 13 miles east of Coventry, served by regular trains (£5.50, 10 minutes, up to four hourly). Trains also serve Birmingham (£9.20, 40 minutes, two to four per hour) and Leicester (£13.60, one hour, hourly). ### Warwick Pop 31,350 Regularly name-checked by Shakespeare, Warwick was the ancestral seat of the Earls of Warwick, who played a pivotal role in the Wars of the Roses. Despite a devastating fire in 1694, Warwick remains a treasure-house of medieval architecture with rich veins of history and charming streets, dominated by the soaring turrets of Warwick Castle. Warwick 1Top Sights 1Warwick CastleC4 1Sights 2Collegiate Church of St MaryB3 3Lord Leycester HospitalA4 4Warwickshire MuseumA3 4Sleeping 5Tilted WigA3 5Eating 6MerchantsB3 7TailorsA3 7Shopping 8Warwick BooksA3 1Sights oWarwick CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 265 2000; www.warwick-castle.com; castle adult/child £22.80/16.80, castle & dungeon £28.80/24, Kingdom Ticket incl castle, dungeon & exhibition £30.60/27; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar; p) Founded in 1068 by William the Conqueror, stunningly preserved Warwick Castle is the biggest show in town. The ancestral home of the Earls of Warwick remains impressively intact, and the Tussauds Group has filled the interior with attractions that bring the castle's rich history to life in a flamboyant but undeniably family-friendly way. As well as waxworks populating the private apartments there are jousting tournaments, daily trebuchet-firings, themed evenings and a dungeon. Discounted online tickets provide fast-track entry. Parking costs £6. Collegiate Church of St MaryCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-492909; www.stmaryswarwick.org.uk; Old Sq; church entry by £2 donation, tower adult/child £2.50/1; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) This magnificent 1123-founded Norman church was badly damaged in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 but is packed with 16th- and 17th-century tombs. Highlights include the Norman crypt with a 14th-century extension; the impressive Beauchamp Chapel, built between 1442 and 1464 to enshrine the mortal remains of the Earls of Warwick; and, up 134 steps, the **tower** , which provides supreme views over town (kids must be aged over eight). Lord Leycester HospitalHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-491422; www.lordleycester.com; High St; adult/child £4.90/3.90, garden only £2; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) A survivor of the 1694 fire, the wonderfully wonky Lord Leycester Hospital has been used as a retirement home for soldiers (but not as a hospital) since 1571. Visitors can wander around the chapel, guildhall, regimental museum and restored walled garden, which includes a knot garden and a Norman arch. Warwickshire MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-412501; Market Pl; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat year-round, 11.30am-5pm Sun Apr-Sep) F Housed in Warwick's striking 17th-century market hall, Warwickshire Museum has some entertaining displays on local history and the Warwick sea dragons (Jurassic-era sea creatures). 4Sleeping & Eating Reasonably priced B&Bs line Emscote Rd, which runs northeast towards Leamington Spa (2 miles east of Warwick), a genteel spa town that's almost a suburb of Warwick. Tilted WigPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-400110; www.tiltedwigwarwick.co.uk; 11 Market Pl; d £65-90, mains £8.50-14; p W) Bang on the epicentral Market Pl, this brilliantly named 17th-century Georgian inn has four freshly refurbished, snug but comfortable rooms and some of the better pub grub in town, such as roast duck breast in port wine reduction. Guests get a three-course meal for just £10 per person. Park Cottage Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-410319; www.parkcottagewarwick.co.uk; 113 West St; s £55-70, d £75-90; p W) Southwest of the centre, this stand-alone 16th-century wattle-and-daub building once served as the dairy for Warwick Castle. There are seven pretty rooms, each with a teddy bear, original floors and a courtyard garden. MerchantsBRASSERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-403833; www.merchantswarwick.co.uk; Swan St; mains £10.50-19.90; hnoon-9pm Mon-Thu, to 9.30pm Fri & Sat) With stylish leather furniture and chalkboard menus, this black-fronted restaurant and wine bar specialises in steaks. TailorsMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-410590; www.tailorsrestaurant.co.uk; 22 Market Pl; 2-/3-course lunch menu £15/19, 2-/3-course dinner menu £28/32.50; hnoon-1.45pm & 6.30-9pm Tue-Sat) Set in a former gentlemen's tailor shop, this elegant eatery serves prime ingredients – guinea fowl, pork belly and lamb from named farms – delicately presented in neat little towers. 7Shopping Warwick BooksBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.warwickbooks.net; 24 Market Pl; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Small but helpful and friendly bookshop offering great recommendations. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01926-492212; www.visitwarwick.co.uk; Court House, Jury St; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat) Within the flagstone-floored Court House (1725). Sells the informative _Warwick Town Trail_ leaflet (50p). 8Getting There & Away National Express coaches operate from Puckerings Lane. Stagecoach X17 and X19 run to Coventry (£3, 1¼ hours, every 15 minutes Monday to Saturday), via Kenilworth (£2.80, 30 minutes). On Sunday, take bus G1 or 18A for Leamington Sap (£3.35, half-hourly), where you can pick up the U17 for Coventry (£3.10) and Kenilworth (£2). Stagecoach buses 16 and X18 go to Stratford-upon-Avon (£5.40, 40 minutes, half-hourly) in one direction, and Coventry in the other. The main bus stops are on Market St. Trains run to Birmingham (£7.50, 40 minutes, half-hourly), Stratford-upon-Avon (£5.40, 30 minutes, hourly) and London (£28.80, 1½ hours, every 20 minutes), from the station, northeast of the centre. ### Kenilworth Pop 22,410 A refreshing counterpoint to the commercialism of nearby Warwick's royal ruin, the atmospheric ruin of Kenilworth Castle was the inspiration for Walter Scott's _Kenilworth,_ and it still feels pretty inspiring today. It's an easy deviation off the A46 between Warwick and Coventry. 1Sights Kenilworth CastleCASTLE (EH; %01926-852078; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £9.30/5.60; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, reduced hours Nov-Mar; p) This spine-tingling ruin sprawls among fields and hedges on Kenilworth's outskirts. Built in the 1120s, the castle survived the longest siege in English history in 1266, when the forces of Lord Edward (later Edward I) threw themselves at the moat and battlements for six solid months. The fortress was dramatically extended in Tudor times, but it fell in the English Civil War and its walls were breached and water defences drained. Don't miss the magnificent restored Elizabethan gardens. Stoneleigh AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01926-858535; www.stoneleighabbey.org; adult/child £8/3.50, garden only £3.50; htours Tue-Sun Easter-Oct, garden 11am-5pm Tue-Sun Easter-Oct; p) The kind of stately home that makes movie directors go weak at the knees, this 850-year-old country house 2 miles east of Kenilworth, off the B4115 by the River Avon, name-drops Charles I and Jane Austen among its roll-call of visitors. Completed in 1726 and only viewable on tours (included in admission), the abbey's splendid Palladian west wing contains richly detailed plasterwork ceilings and wood-panelled rooms. The landscaped grounds are fine picnic territory. The original abbey was founded by Cistercian monks in 1154, but the house was massively expanded by the wealthy Leigh family (distant cousins of the Austens) in the 16th century. 4Sleeping & Eating Numerous pubs and eateries line the High St (just north of the castle) and Warwick Rd (just south). The Old BakeryB&B ( %01926-864111; www.theoldbakery.eu; 12 High St; s/d from £75/95; p W) Located down High St east of the castle, this appealing B&B has attractively attired modern rooms and a cosy, welcoming bar serving real ales on the ground floor. Harringtons on the HillMODERN BRITISH ( %01926-852074; www.harringtonsonthehill.com; 42 Castle Hill; mains £10-19; hnoon-3pm & 6-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) In an adorable bow-fronted cottage festooned with flower boxes opposite Kenilworth Castle, chef Ryan New recreates his success at some of London's top tables. Dishes include hot smoked salmon with bubble and squeak and soft poached egg, and char-grilled swordfish with chorizo – at impressively reasonable prices. 8Information Browse the tourist brochures at the town library ( %01908-276 2451; www.kenilworthlibrary.org; 11 Smalley Pl; h9am-5.30pm Mon, Tue, Thu & Fri, 10.30am-5.30pm Wed, 9am-1pm Sat). 8Getting There & Away From Monday to Saturday, buses X17 and X19 run every 15 minutes from Coventry to Kenilworth (£3.10, 25 minutes) and on to Leamington Spa (£3.10, 15 minutes) and Warwick (£3.35, 20 minutes). On Sundays, take bus U17 for Coventry (£3.10) and Leamington Spa (£2). At Leamington Spa you can change to bus G1 or 18A for Warwick (£3.35, half-hourly). ### Stratford-upon-Avon Pop 27,830 The author of some of the most quoted lines ever written in the English language, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in 1564 and died here in 1616. The five houses linked to his life form the centrepiece of a tourist attraction that verges on a cult of personality. Experiences in this unmistakably Tudor town range from the touristy (medieval re-creations and Bard-themed tearooms) to the humbling (Shakespeare's modest grave in Holy Trinity Church) and the sublime (taking in a play by the world-famous Royal Shakespeare Company). Stratford-upon-Avon 1Top Sights 1Shakespeare's BirthplaceC1 1Sights 2Hall's CroftC3 3Holy Trinity ChurchC4 4Nash's House & New PlaceC2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 5Avon BoatingE2 6City SightseeingE1 7Falstaff's ExperienceD2 8Guided Town WalksD2 Stratford Town Ghost WalkD2 4Sleeping 9Arden HotelD3 10Church Street TownhouseC3 11Emsley GuesthouseB1 12Legacy FalconC2 5Eating Church Street TownhouseC3 13Edward Moon'sC2 14FourteasD2 15LambsD2 6Drinking & Nightlife 16Dirty DuckD3 17Old Thatch TavernC1 18Windmill InnC3 3Entertainment 19Royal Shakespeare CompanyE2 20Swan TheatreD3 ### SHAKESPEARE HISTORIC HOMES Five of the most important buildings associated with Shakespeare contain museums that form the core of the visitor experience at Stratford. All are run by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust (www.shakespeare.org.uk). Tickets for the three houses in town – Shakespeare's Birthplace, Nash's House & New Place and Halls Croft – cost adult/child £15.90/9.50. If you also visit Anne Hathaway's Cottage and Mary Arden's Farm, buy a combination ticket covering all five properties (£23.90/14). 1Sights & Activities oShakespeare's BirthplaceHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-204016; www.shakespeare.org.uk; Henley St; incl Nash's House & New Place & Halls Croft £15.90/9.50; h9am-5.30pm Jul-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Jun) Start your Shakespeare quest at the house where the world's most popular playwright supposedly spent his childhood days. In fact, the jury is still out on whether this really was Shakespeare's birthplace, but devotees of the Bard have been dropping in since at least the 19th century, leaving their signatures scratched onto the windows. Set behind a modern facade, the house has restored Tudor rooms, live presentations from famous Shakespearean characters, and an engaging exhibition on Stratford's favourite son. Nash's House & New PlaceHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-204016; www.shakespeare.org.uk; cnr Chapel St & Chapel Lane; incl Shakespeare's Birthplace & Halls Croft £15.90/9.50; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) When Shakespeare retired, he swapped the bright lights of London for a comfortable town house at New Pl, where he died of unknown causes in April 1616. The house was demolished in 1759, but an attractive Elizabethan knot garden occupies part of the grounds. Archaeologists recently dug beneath the plot in search of Shakespearean treasures; their finds are displayed in the adjacent Nash's House, where Shakespeare's granddaughter Elizabeth lived. Displays describe the town's history and there's a collection of 17th-century furniture and tapestries. Hall's CroftHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-204016; Old Town; incl Shakespeare's Birthplace and Nash's House & New Place £15.90/9.50; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) The handsome Jacobean town house belonging to Shakespeare's daughter Susanna and her husband, respected doctor John Hall, stands south of the centre. The exhibition offers fascinating insights into medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the lovely walled garden sprouts with aromatic herbs employed in medicinal preparations. Holy Trinity ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-266316; www.stratford-upon-avon.org; Old Town; Shakespeare's grave adult/child £2/1; h8.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, reduced hours Oct-Mar) The final resting place of the Bard is said to be the most visited parish church in all of England. Inside are handsome 16th- and 17th-century tombs (particularly in the Clopton Chapel), some fabulous carvings on the choir stalls and, of course, the grave of William Shakespeare, with its ominous epitaph: 'cvrst be he yt moves my bones'. Anne Hathaway's CottageHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-204016; www.shakespeare.org.uk; Cottage Lane, Shottery; adult/child £9.50/5.50; h9am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) Before tying the knot with Shakespeare, Anne Hathaway lived in Shottery, a mile west of the centre of Stratford, in this delightful thatched farmhouse. As well as period furniture, it has gorgeous gardens and an orchard and arboretum, with examples of all the trees mentioned in Shakespeare's plays. A footpath (no bikes allowed) leads to Shottery from Evesham Pl. Mary Arden's FarmHISTORIC SITE, FARM ( %01789-204016; www.shakespeare.org.uk; Station Rd, Wilmcote; adult/child £12.50/8; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) Shakespeare genealogists can trace the family tree to the childhood home of the Bard's mother at Wilmcote, 3 miles west of Stratford. Aimed squarely at families, the working farm traces country life over the centuries, with nature trails, falconry displays and a collection of rare-breed farm animals. You can get here on the City Sightseeing bus, or cycle via Anne Hathaway's Cottage, following the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal towpath. Falstaff's ExperienceGHOST EXPERIENCE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-298070; www.falstaffsexperience.co.uk; 40 Sheep St; adult/child £5.50/3; h10.30am-5.30pm) Set in an old timbered building, Falstaff's Experience offers a ghostly take on Shakespeare's tales, with oldey-worldey walk-throughs, mannequins of Tudor celebs and live actors hamming it up like Olivier. Night-time adults-only ghost tours are led by famous mediums. TTours Guided Town WalksWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07855-760377; www.stratfordtownwalk.co.uk; adult/child £5/2; h11am Mon-Thu, 2pm Fri, 11am & 2pm Sat & Sun) Popular and informative two-hour guided town walks departing from Waterside, opposite Sheep St. Stratford Town Ghost WalkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07855-760377; www.stratfordtownwalk.co.uk; adult/child £6/4; h7.30pm Mon & Thu-Sat) Chill-seekers can take the Stratford Town Ghost Walk departing from Waterside, opposite Sheep St. City SightseeingBUS TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-412680; www.city-sightseeing.com; adult/child £12.50/6.50; hevery 30min Apr-Sep, less frequently Oct-Mar) Open-top, hop-on/hop-off bus tours leave from the tourist office on Bridge Foot, rolling to each of the Shakespeare properties. Tickets are valid for 24 hours (there are also 48-hour tickets costing £19/9.50) and can be bought from the driver. On-board commentary comes in seven languages. Avon BoatingBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-267073; www.avon-boating.co.uk; The Boathouse, Swan's Nest Lane; river cruises adult/child £5.50/3/50; h9am-dusk Apr-Oct) Runs 40-minute river cruises that depart every 20 minutes from either side of the main bridge. zFestivals & Events Stratford Literary FestivalLITERATURE ( %01789-207100; www.stratfordliteraryfestival.co.uk; hApr/May) The top event on Stratford's cultural calendar is the Stratford Literary Festival, which attracts literary big-hitters of the calibre of John Simpson and Jonathan Miller. 4Sleeping B&Bs are plentiful, particularly along Grove Rd and Evesham Pl, but vacancies can be hard to find during the high season – the tourist office can help with bookings for a £5 fee. Stratford-upon-Avon YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9661; www.yha.org.uk; Hemmingford House, Alveston; dm/d from £19/40; p i W) Set in a large 200-year-old mansion, 1.5 miles east of the town centre along Tiddington Rd, this superior hostel attracts travellers of all ages. Of its 32 rooms and dorms, 16 are en suite. There's a canteen, bar and kitchen. Buses 18 and 18A run here from Bridge St. Wi-fi is available in common areas. Legacy FalconHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08444 119 005; www.legacy-hotels.co.uk; Chapel St; d/f from £83/113; p W) Definitely request a room in the original 15th-century building, not the souless modern annex or dingy 17th-century garden house of this epicentral hotel. This way you'll get the full Tudor experience – creaky floorboards, wonky timbered walls and all. Open fires blaze in the wi-fi'd public areas; rooms have wired broadband but the best asset is the unheard-of-for-Stratford free car park. White SailsGUESTHOUSE ( %01789-550469; www.white-sails.co.uk; 85 Evesham Rd; d from £100; a) Plush fabrics, framed prints, brass bedsteads and shabby-chic tables and lamps set the scene at this gorgeous and intimate guesthouse on the edge of the countryside. The four individually furnished rooms come with flatscreen TVs, climate control and glamorous bathrooms. Emsley GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-299557; www.theemsley.co.uk; 4 Arden St; d from £64; p W) This lovely five-bedroom Victorian property has a personable owner, very clean and attractive accommodation, and a large, pretty family room at the top with an exposed beam ceiling. Weekends require a two-night minimum stay. Church Street TownhouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-262222; www.churchstreettownhouse.com; 16 Church St; d £110-200; W) Some of the dozen rooms at this exquisite hotel have free-standing clawfoot bathtubs, and all have iPod docks, flatscreen TVs and luxurious furnishings. Light sleepers should avoid room 1, nearest the bar. The building itself is a centrally located 400-year-old gem with a first-rate restaurant and bar. Minimum two-night stay on weekends. Arden HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-298682; www.theardenhotelstratford.com; Waterside; d incl breakfast from £129; p i) Facing the Swan Theatre, this elegant property has a sleek brasserie and champagne bar. Rooms feature designer fabrics and bathrooms are full of polished stone. 5Eating Sheep St is clustered with upmarket eating options, mostly aimed at theatre-goers (look out for good-value pre-theatre menus). FourteasTEAROOM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-293908; www.thefourteas.co.uk; 24 Sheep St; dishes £3-7, afternoon tea with/without Prosecco £17/12.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5.30pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Breaking with Stratford's Shakespearian theme, this tearoom takes the 1940s as its inspiration with beautiful old teapots, framed posters and staff in period costume. As well as premium loose-leaf teas and homemade cakes, there are hearty breakfasts, delicious sandwiches (fresh poached salmon, brie and grape), a hot dish of the day and indulgent afternoon teas. Church Street TownhouseBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-262222; www.churchstreettownhouse.com; 16 Church St; mains £12.25-17; h8am-11pm; W) This lovely restaurant is a fantastic place for immersing yourself in Stratford's historic charms. The food is delightful and the ambience impeccably congenial and well presented. Music students from Shakespeare's old grammar school across the way tinkle the piano ivories daily at 5.30pm, though it can be hard to hear over the bar noise. LambsMODERN EUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-292554; www.lambsrestaurant.co.uk; 12 Sheep St; mains £11.75-18.75; h5-9.30pm Mon & Tue, noon-2pm & 5-9.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Sun) Lambs swaps Shakespeare chintz in favour of Venetian blinds and modern elegance but throws in authentic 16th-century ceiling beams for good measure. The menu embraces Gressingham duck, deep-fried goats cheese and slow-roasted lamb shank, backed up by a strong wine list. Edward Moon'sMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-267069; www.edwardmoon.com; 9 Chapel St; mains £10-18; h12.30-3pm & 5-10pm Mon-Fri, noon-10pm Sat & Sun) Named after a famous travelling chef who cooked up the flavours of home for the British colonial service, this snug eatery serves delicious, hearty English dishes, many livened up with herbs and spices from the East. 6Drinking oOld Thatch TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://oldthatchtavernstratford.co.uk; Greenhill St; h11.30am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; W) To truly appreciate Stratford's olde-worlde atmosphere, join the locals for a pint at the town's oldest pub. Built in 1470, this thatched-roofed, low-ceilinged treasure has great real ales and a gorgeous summertime courtyard. Dirty DuckPUB (Black Swan; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Waterside; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) Also called the 'Black Swan', this enchanting riverside alehouse is the only pub in England to be licensed under two names. It's a favourite thespian watering hole, with a roll-call of former regulars (Olivier, Attenborough et al) that reads like a who's who of actors. Windmill InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church St; h11.30am-11pm Mon-Sat, 11am-11pm Sun) Ale was flowing here at the same time as rhyming couplets gushed from Shakespeare's quill – which means this pub with low ceilings has been around a while. 3Entertainment oRoyal Shakespeare CompanyTHEATRE (RSC; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 800 1110; www.rsc.org.uk; Waterside; tickets £10-62.50) Coming to Stratford without seeing a Shakespeare production would be like visiting Beijing and bypassing the Great Wall. The three theatre spaces run by the world-renowned Royal Shakespeare Company have witnessed performances by such legends as Lawrence Olivier, Richard Burton, Judi Dench, Helen Mirren, Ian McKellan and Patrick Stewart. Stratford has two grand stages – the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and the Swan Theatre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) on Waterside – as well as the smaller Courtyard Theatre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 800 1110; www.rsc.org.uk; Southern Lane). Contact the RSC for the latest news on performance times. There are often special deals for under 25-year-olds, students and seniors, and a few tickets are held back for sale on the day of the performance, but get snapped up fast. Book well ahead. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01789-264293; www.shakespeare-country.co.uk; Bridge Foot; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Just west of Clopton Bridge on the corner with Bridgeway. 8Getting There & Away Car If you're driving, be warned that town car parks charge high fees, 24 hours a day. Bus National Express coaches and other bus companies run from Stratford's Riverside bus station (behind the Stratford Leisure Centre on Bridgeway). Services include the following destinations: A **Birmingham** National Express; £8.40, one hour, twice daily A **London** **Victoria** National Express; £7, three hours, three daily A **Oxford** National Express; £10.70, one hour, twice daily A **Warwick** Bus 16; £3, 40 minutes, hourly. Train From Stratford train station, London Midland runs to Birmingham (£7.30, 50 minutes, half-hourly); Chiltern Railways runs to London Marylebone (£9, 2 hours, up to two per hour). The nostalgic Shakespeare Express ( %0121-708 4960; www.shakespeareexpress.com; adult/child £15/10) steam train chugs twice every Sunday in July and August between Stratford and Birmingham Snow Hill; journey time is one hour. 8Getting Around From April to October, a 1937-built, hand-wound **chain ferry** yo-yos across the Avon (one-way 50p). A bicycle is handy for getting out to the outlying Shakespeare properties. Stratford Bike Hire ( %07711-776340; www.stratfordbikehire.com; 7 Seven Meadows Rd; per half-day/day from £10/15) will deliver to your accommodation. Punts, canoes and rowing boats are available for hire from Avon Boating near Clopton Bridge. Prices for canoes/rowboats per 30 minutes start from £3/5; punts are £20. ### Around Stratford-upon-Avon #### Charlecote Park Charlecote ParkHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01789-470277; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9.35/7.40, garden only £5/2.50; hnoon-3.30pm Thu-Tue mid-Feb–mid-Mar, 11am-4.30pm Thu-Tue mid-Mar–Oct, noon-3.30pm Sat & Sun Nov & Dec, garden 10.30am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Feb) A youthful Shakespeare allegedly poached deer in the grounds of this lavish Elizabethan pile on the River Avon, 5 miles east of Stratford-upon-Avon. Fallow deer still roam the grounds today. The interiors were restored from Georgian chintz to Tudor splendour in 1823. Highlights include Victorian kitchens, filled with culinary-moulds, and an original 1551 Tudor gatehouse. Bus 18 (18A on Sunday) runs to Charlecote hourly from Stratford (£2.30, 30 minutes), continuing to Leamington Spa (£2.30, 30 minutes). ## Staffordshire Despite being wedged between the ever-expanding conurbations of Birmingham and Manchester, Staffordshire is surprisingly green, with the northern half of the county rising to meet the rugged hills of the Peak District. ### THEME PARK SHENANIGANS Staffordshire is famous for its theme parks, which resound with the screams of adrenalin junkies lured here by fast and furious thrills. Buckle up: it's going to be a bumpy ride... ### ALTON TOWERS Alton TowersAMUSEMENT PARK ( %0871 222 3330; www.altontowers.com; adult/child £48/40.80, water park £16.50/11.75; h10am-5pm, water park 10am-6pm, longer hours school holidays, weekends & high season, closed Nov-Mar) Phenomenally popular Alton Towers, east of Cheadle off the B5032, offers maximum G-force for your buck. Roller-coaster fans are well catered for: as well as the vertical drop-ride Th13teen, you can ride lying down, sitting down or suspended from the rails on the Nemesis, Oblivion, Air and Rita; or brave 14 loops on the Smiler. Gentler thrills include log flumes, carousels, stage shows, a pirate-themed aquarium and a splashtastic water park. Book online for discounted entry fees and fast-track entry. Most large towns in the area offer package coach tours (enquire at tourist offices), or you can ride bus 32A from Stoke-on-Trent (£7, 50 minutes, every two hours), or X52 Nottingham (£10, 40 minutes, hourly) and Derby (£8, 20 minutes, hourly). Dimmingsdale YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9513; www.yha.org.uk; Oakamoor; dm from £16) Set in pleasant walking country, this miniature hostel is 2 miles northwest of Alton Towers. ### DRAYTON MANOR Drayton ManorAMUSEMENT PARK ( %0844 472 1960; www.draytonmanor.co.uk; adult/child £36/27; h10.30am-5pm Easter-Oct, longer hours May-Sep) Drayton has been serving up screams since 1949. Crowd-pleasers include the Apocalypse free-fall tower, voted Britain's scariest ride, and Shockwave, Europe's only stand-up roller coaster. Younger kids will be just as thrilled by Thomas Land, dedicated to the animated steam-train character. The theme park is on the A4091, between junctions 9 and 10 of the M42. Package coach tours run from Birmingham, or you can take bus 110 from Birmingham Corporation St to Fazeley (£10, one hour, every 20 minutes hourly on Sunday) and walk the last 15 minutes. The park currently has no on-site accommodation, but Tamworth is just 2 miles away and has plenty of B&Bs and hotels. Contact Tamworth Tourist Information ( %01827-709581; www.visittamworth.co.uk; Corporation St; h9am-7pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat) for recommendations. 8Information Staffordshire TourismTOURIST INFORMATION (www.enjoystaffordshire.com) 8Getting There & Around Regular trains and National Express buses serve Stafford and other major towns. The main local bus operator is First Group ( %08456 020 121; www.firstgroup.com). For details of services, browse the public transport pages at www.staffordshire.gov.uk. ### Stafford Pop 68,470 The capital of Staffordshire is a quiet little place that seems somewhat overshadowed by other towns around the county, such as Lichfield. The main shopping street has some handsome Georgian and medieval buildings, but little evidence remains that this was once the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia. 1Sights Ancient High HouseMUSEUM ( %01785-619131; www.staffordbc.gov.uk; Greengate St; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) F Surrounded by high-street shops, the Ancient High House is the largest timber-framed town house in the country, artistically assembled in 1595. Creaking stairways lead to carefully restored rooms, and to displays on the history of the town and medieval construction techniques. Stafford CastleRUIN ( %01785-257698; www.staffordbc.gov.uk; Newport Rd; hvisitor centre 11am-4pm Wed-Sun Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) F The hilltop remains of Stafford Castle, a classic Norman moat and bailey, sit romantically in a forest glade about 1 mile southwest of town, just off the A518. 4Sleeping & Eating SwanPUB ( %01785-258142; www.theswanstafford.co.uk; 46-46a Greengate St; s/d from £85/105 mains £9.50-23; hkitchen noon-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-4.30pm & 6-8.30pm Sun; p W c) Stafford's best place to sleep, eat and drink is a one-stop-shop. In the centre of town, this former coaching inn has 31 beautiful rooms (some with original stone fireplaces and wooden beams), an excellent brasserie-style restaurant, two bars (cocktail and traditional courtyard) and a cafe/tearoom. Parking's limited but free for overnight guests. The staff is a pleasure to deal with. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01785-619619; www.visitstafford.org; Eastgate St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) For local info, drop into the tourist office at the Stafford Gatehouse Theatre. 8Getting There & Away Bus 101 (£3.50, 1¼ hours, every 20 minutes, hourly on Sunday) runs between Stafford and Hanley (Stoke-on-Trent). Trains run to Birmingham (£10.20, 40 minutes, every 20 minutes). ### Lichfield Pop 32,880 Even without its magnificent Gothic cathedral – one of the most spectacular in the country – this quaintly cobbled market town would be worth a visit to tread in the footsteps of lexicographer and wit Samuel Johnson, and natural philosopher Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles. Johnson once described Lichfield folk as 'the most sober, decent people in England', which was rather generous considering that this was the last place in the country to stop burning people at the stake. 1Sights Lichfield CathedralCATHEDRAL ( %01543-306100; www.lichfield-cathedral.org; admission by donation; h7.30am-6.15pm Sun-Fri, 8am-6.15pm Sat) Crowned by three dramatic towers, Lichfield Cathedral is a Gothic fantasy, constructed in stages from 1200 to 1350. The enormous vaulted nave is set slightly off line from the choir, creating a bizarre perspective when viewed from the west door, and carvings inside the cathedral still bear signs of damage caused by Civil War soldiers sharpening their swords. In the octagonal Chapter House, you can view the illuminated _Chad Gospels_ , created around AD 730; an ornate Anglo-Saxon bas-relief known as the _Lichfield Angel;_ and a faded but glorious medieval wall painting above the door. The grand west facade positively bows under the weight of 113 statues of bishops, saints and kings of England. Be sure to stroll the delightful, once-fortified Cathedral Close, ringed with imposing 17th- and 18th-century houses. Erasmus Darwin HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01543-306260; www.erasmusdarwin.org; Beacon St; adult/child £3/1; h11am-5pm Tue-Sun Apr-Oct, noon-4.30pm Thu-Sun Nov-Mar) After turning down the job of royal physician to King George III – perhaps a lucky escape, considering the monarch's descent into madness – Erasmus Darwin became a leading light in the Lunar Society, debating the origins of life with such luminaries as Wedgwood, Boulton and Watt decades before his grandson Charles came up with the theory of evolution. The former house of the 'Grandfather of Evolution' contains some intriguing personal effects. At the back is a fragrant herb garden leading to Cathedral Close. Samuel Johnson Birthplace MuseumMUSEUM, HISTORIC BUILDING ( %01543-264972; www.samueljohnsonbirthplace.org.uk; Breadmarket St; h10.30am-4.30pm Apr-Sep, 11am-3.30pm Oct-Mar) F This absorbing museum charts the life of the pioneering lexicographer, wit, poet and critic Samuel Johnson, who moved to London from his native Lichfield and devoted nine years to producing the first major dictionary of the English language. Ten years in the making, Johnson's first dictionary helped define the word 'dull' with this example: 'to make dictionaries is dull work'. On the 1st floor, a short dramatised film narrates Johnson's life story. It's a lovely property to explore. Lichfield Heritage CentreHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01543-256611; www.stmaryslichfield.co.uk; Market Sq; adult/child £2.50/1, tower adult/child £2.75/1.25; h9.30am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Exhibits cover 1300 years of Lichfield history inside the old St Mary's Church. Climb the tower's 120 steps for sweeping city views. 4Sleeping Bogey HoleB&B ( %01543-264303; www.thebogeyhole.co.uk; 23 Dam St; s/d £40/60) A sweet little place near Lichfield Cathedral with bright and rather feminine en suite rooms, a lounge with TV, and a kitchen at the top and laundry room below. There's no signage; look for the quaint cream-coloured facade. George HotelHOTEL ( %01543-414822; www.thegeorgelichfield.co.uk; 12-14 Bird St; s £80, d £90-103; p i W) Part of the Best Western chain, this old Georgian pub has been upgraded into a comfortable midrange hotel, scoring points for location rather than atmosphere. 5Eating & Drinking Chapters Cathedral Coffee ShopCAFE ( %01543-306125; 19 The Close; dishes £3.50-7.75; h8.30am-4pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) A fine 18th-century house overlooking its 13th-century walled garden on one side and the cathedral on the other, serving morning and afternoon tea and Sunday lunches. Damn Fine CafeCAFE (16 Bird St; dishes £4-8; h9am-4pm Tue, Thu & Fri, to 3.30pm Wed, to 5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; c) Teeming with locals, this cafe is a handy spot for sandwiches, soup, filling bacon-and-sausage breakfasts or vegetarian toad-in-the-hole. Order and pay at the counter. oTrooperGASTROPUB ( %01543-480413; www.thetrooperwall.co.uk; Watling St, Wall; mains £9.50-23; hkitchen noon-9.15pm Mon-Wed, to 9.45pm Thu-Sat, to 8pm Sun) Situated 3 miles southwest of Lichfield in the tiny village of Wall, this idyllic gastropub prides itself on ingredients such as 28-day aged steak (served with hand-cut, beef-dripping-fried chips and sweet tomato chutney) and pork belly (with apple and quince jus) as well as vegetarian options using herbs from the pub's gardens. Fabulous real ales too. Wine HouseMODERN BRITISH ( %01543-419999; www.thewinehouselichfield.co.uk; 27 Bird St; mains £13-24; hnoon-10pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun) Astutely selected whites, reds, champagnes and rosés, including many by-the-glass options, complement the seriously good cooking at these smart, red-brick premises. Choices range from pancetta-wrapped, fig-stuffed pork fillet to steamed Scottish mussels with tail-on tiger prawns and squid-ink risotto. Chandlers' Grande BrasserieMODERN EUROPEAN ( %01543-416688; www.chandlersrestaurant.co.uk; Conduit St; mains £9-24; h11am-2pm & 6-11pm Mon-Sat; W) Set in the old Corn Exchange and decked out with natural wood and polished brass. This is where locals go for a big night out, as much for the ambience as for the Mediterranean-inspired cuisine. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01543-256611; www.stmaryslichfield.co.uk; Market Sq; h9.30am-3.30pm Mon-Sat) In the Lichfield Heritage Centre. 8Getting There & Away The bus station is opposite the main train station on Birmingham Rd. Bus 825 serves Stafford (£3.40, 1½ hours, half-hourly, hourly on Sunday). Lichfield has two train stations. Trains to Birmingham (£5.80, 40 minutes, every 20 minutes) leave from Lichfield City station in the centre. Trains to London Euston (£34, 1¾ hours, two per hour) run from Lichfield Trent Valley station. #### WORTH A TRIP ### THE POTTERIES Situated at the heart of the Potteries – the famous pottery-producing region of Staffordshire – Stoke-on-Trent (population 248,720) is famed for its ceramics. Don't expect cute little artisanal producers. This was where pottery shifted to mass production during the Industrial Revolution, and Stoke is a sprawl of industrial townships tied together by flyovers and bypasses. You really need your own wheels to get around. There are dozens of active potteries; the tourist office ( %01782-236000; www.visitstoke.co.uk; Victoria Hall, Bagnall St, Hanley; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat), in Stoke-on-Trent's 'city centre' Hanley, has leaflets on all the potteries open to the public. Potteries Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( %01782-232323; www.stoke.gov.uk/museum; Bethesda St, Hanley; admission by donation; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat & 2-5pm Sun) For a good overview of the history of the Potteries area, this Hanley museum houses an extensive ceramics display, from Toby jugs and jasperware to outrageous ornamental pieces such as the Minton Peacock. You can also see treasures from the outstanding Staffordshire Hoard; displays on the WWII Spitfire, created by the Stoke-born aviator Reginald Mitchell; and artworks by TS Lowry and Sir Henry Moore. Wedgwood Visitor CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01782-282986; www.wedgwoodvisitorcentre.com; Wedgwood Dr, Barlaston; adult/child £10/8; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun) Set in attractive parkland 8 miles south of Hanley, the modern production centre for Josiah Wedgwood's porcelain empire displays an extensive collection of historic pieces, including plenty of Wedgwood's delicate, neoclassical blue-and-white jasperware. The fascinating industrial process is revealed, and there's an interesting film on Josiah's life and work, including his involvement in canal-building and opposition to slavery. ## Worcestershire Famed for its eponymous condiment, invented by two Worcester chemists in 1837, Worcestershire marks the transition from the industrial heart of the Midlands to the peaceful countryside of the Welsh Marches. The southern and western fringes of the county burst with lush countryside and sleepy market towns, while the capital is a classic English county town, whose magnificent cathedral inspired the composer Elgar to write some of his greatest works. 2Activities The longest riverside walk in the UK, the 210-mile **Severn Way** winds its way through Worcestershire en route from Plynlimon in Wales to the sea at Bristol. A shorter challenge is the 100-mile **Three Choirs Way** , linking Worcester to Hereford and Gloucester. The Malvern Hills are also prime country for walking and cycling – information is available at www.malvernhillsaonb.org.uk. 8Information Visit WorcestershireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitworcestershire.org) 8Getting Around Worcester is a convenient rail hub. Kidderminster is the southern railhead of the quaint Severn Valley Railway ( %01299-403816; www.svr.co.uk; hdaily May-Sep, Sat & Sun Oct-Apr). Buses connect larger towns, but services to rural areas can be frustratingly infrequent – search the transport pages at www.worcestershire.gov.uk for bus companies and timetables. ### Worcester Pop 100,150 Worcester (pronounced _woos_ -ter) has enough historic treasures to forgive the architectural eyesores from the postwar love affair with all things concrete. The home of the famous Worcestershire sauce (an unlikely combination of fermented tamarinds and anchovies), this ancient cathedral city was the site of the last battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Worcester, which took place on 3 September 1651. The defeated Charles II only narrowly escaped the pursuing Roundheads by hiding in an oak tree, an event still celebrated in Worcester every 29 May, when government buildings are decked out with oak sprigs. 1Sights Worcester CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-732900; www.worcestercathedral.co.uk; admission by £5 donation, tower adult/child £4/2, tours £4/free; h7.30am-6pm, tower 11am-5pm Sat Apr-Oct, tours 11am & 2.30pm Mon-Sat Mar-Nov, 11am & 2.30pm Sat Dec-Feb; c) Rising above the River Severn, Worcester's majestic cathedral is best known as the final resting place of Magna Carta signatory King John. The strong-legged can tackle the 249 steps to the top of the **tower** , from where Charles II surveyed his troops during the disastrous Battle of Worcester. Hour-long **cathedral tours** run from the gift shop. Several works by local composer Edward Elgar had their first public outings at the cathedral – to appreciate the acoustics, come for **evensong** (5.30pm Monday to Saturday, 4pm Sunday). CommanderyMUSEUM ( %01905-361821; www.worcestercitymuseums.org.uk; College St; adult/child £5.50/2.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1.30-5pm Sun) The town's history museum is housed in a splendid Tudor building that served as King Charles II's headquarters during the Battle of Worcester. Engaging audioguides and interactive exhibits tell the story of Worcester during key periods in its history. A highlight is the 'painted chamber', covered with intriguing 15th-century religious frescos. Royal Worcester Porcelain WorksMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-21247; www.museumofroyalworcester.org; Severn St; adult/child £6/free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Mar-Oct, to 4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Feb) Up there with Crown Derby and Wedgwood, the Royal Worcester porcelain factory gained an edge over its rivals by picking up the contract to provide fine crockery to the English monarchy. An entertaining audio tour reveals some quirkier sides to the Royal Worcester story, including its brief foray into porcelain dentures and 'portable fonts' designed for cholera outbreaks. The shop has some splendid pieces, from monk-shaped candle-snuffers to decorated thimbles and pill boxes. #### WORTH A TRIP ### ELGAR BIRTHPLACE MUSEUM Elgar Birthplace MuseumMUSEUM ( %01905-333224; www.elgarmuseum.org; Crown East Lane, Lower Broadheath; adult/child £7.50/3.50; h11am-5pm Feb-late Dec) England's most popular classical composer is celebrated with appropriate pomp and circumstance at Elgar Birthplace Museum, housed in the humble cottage where Edward Elgar was born in 1857. Admission includes an audioguide with musical interludes so that you can appreciate what all the fuss is about. Bus 308 goes from Worcester to Broadheath Common (£3.10, 15 minutes, three daily Monday to Saturday), from where it's a short walk to the museum. TTours Worcester WalksWALKING TOUR ( %01905-726311; www.worcesterwalks.co.uk; adult £5; h11am Mon-Fri Apr-Sep) Popular half-hour walking tours. Worcester River CruisesBOAT TOUR ( %01905-611060; www.worcesterrivercruises.co.uk; adult/child £6/4; hhourly noon-4pm Apr-Sep) Offers a different perspective of Worcester on 45-minute cruises on the River Severn aboard the 1926-built _Earl_. Departure times and days can vary. 4Sleeping Lenchford InnINN ( %01905-620229; www.thelenchfordinn.co.uk; Shrawley; d from £75; p W) An easy 8-mile drive north of Worcester, this sprawling inn on the banks of the Severn is a haven of tranquillity. Its nine en suite rooms are old fashioned but spacious and squeaky clean, and all open onto a communal balcony or terrace with river views. There's a cavernous restaurant and sociable bar. Barrington HouseB&B ( %01905-422965; www.barringtonhouse.eu; 204 Henwick Rd; r £80-90; p i W) This lovely Georgian house by the river comes with wonderful views, a pretty walled garden and three plush bedrooms full of brocade, trim and super-king-sized beds. Hearty breakfasts include eggs from the owners' hens. Ye Olde Talbot HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-235730; www.oldenglishinns.co.uk; Friar St; s/d from £55/70; W) Attached to a popular bar and bistro right in the centre, this tasteful inn dates back to the 13th century, but many of the rooms are housed in a modern extension. Ask for discounted parking in the nearby multistorey car park. Diglis House HotelHOTEL ( %01905-353518; www.diglishousehotel.co.uk; Severn St; s/d from £70/105; p W) Next to the boathouse in a gorgeous waterside setting, this rambling yet cosy 28-room Georgian house is a short stroll from the cathedral. The best rooms have four-poster beds, luxe bathrooms and river views. Guests can work out at the nearby gym for free. 5Eating Mac & Jac'sDELI, CAFE (www.macandjacs.co.uk; 44 Friar St; mains £5-12; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) This Friar St outfit has a lovely deli downstairs for quality titbits and a relaxing cafe upstairs for caffeine, sandwiches with fillings such as brie and grape, and a wholesome menu of hot dishes such as crispy pork belly with toasted almonds and coriander. There's a second location in Great Malvern. Little Ginger PigCAFE, BISTRO ( %01905-338913; www.littlegingerpig.co.uk; 9-11 Copenhagen St; dishes £4.50-8; h10am-3.30pm Tue-Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm Sat, 10am-3pm Sun; c) S The focus is on locally sourced, free-range produce and independent labels at this pleasant and frequently busy cafe, bistro and bar. oOld Rectifying HouseMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-619622; www.theoldrec.co.uk; North Parade; light menu £6-14, mains £12-23.50; hkitchen noon-3pm & 6-9pm Tue-Thu, noon-9.30pm Fri & Sat, noon-4pm Sun) Worcester's hippest dining space has a candlelit, painted-brick interior and umbrella-shaded courtyard tables. A switched-on menu of light bites includes burgers (haloumi, wild boar or Wagyu) and mains range from fish pie with curly kale to rare breed longhorn ribeye steak. DJs often hit the decks in the lounge bar, which mixes mighty cocktails including a sparkling wine-topped 'millionaire's martini'. 6Drinking Hand in GloveCOCKTAIL BAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 25 College St; h4pm-midnight Mon-Thu, 3pm-1am Fri & Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) The muted charcoal-coloured facade doesn't give much away but inside this low-key, independent bar does whizz-bang cocktails. Cardinal's HatPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-cardinals-hat.co.uk; 31 Friar St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun; W) Despite looking as English as Tudor ruffs and claiming a resident ghost, this atmospheric Worcester institution with log-burning stoves sells Austrian beers in traditional steins and serves authentic Austrian delicacies at lunchtime. 3Entertainment Marr's BarLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-613336; www.marrsbar.co.uk; 12 Pierpoint St; h8pm-late) The best live-music venue for miles around, Marr's still has its original sprung dance floors from its days as a dance studio. There's a lively schedule of gigs, acts, comedy shows, acoustic and jamming evenings most nights. 7Shopping Chocolate DeliFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01905-611324; www.chocolatedeli.biz; 53 New St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) At this cherry-red deli you can buy handcrafted chocolates (such as strawberry and pepper, Jack Daniels truffles or milk-chocolate pencils that actually write); taste them over a cuppa; or sign up for a one-day chocolate-making course (£60 to £99). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01905-726311; www.visitworcester.com; Guildhall, High St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus The bus station is inside the Crowngate Centre on Friary Walk. A **Birmingham** Bus 144; £3.50, 1¾ hours, every 20 minutes (hourly Sunday) A **Great Malvern** Bus 44; £3.50, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes Monday to Saturday (hourly on Sunday) A **London Victoria** National Express; £22.60, 3½ hours, three daily Train Worcester Foregate is the main rail hub, but services also run from Worcester Shrub Hill. Regular trains include the following: A **Birmingham** £8.40, one hour, every 20 minutes A **Hereford** £8.90, 50 minutes, hourly A **Ledbury** £6.50, 25 minutes, half-hourly A **London** **Paddington** £30.50, 2½ hours, twice hourly ### Great Malvern Pop 36,770 Tumbling down the side of a forested ridge about 7 miles southwest of Worcester, the picturesque spa town of Great Malvern is the gateway to the Malverns, a soaring 9-mile-long range of volcanic hills that rise unexpectedly from the surrounding meadows. In Victorian times, the medicinal waters were prescribed as a panacea for everything from gout to 'sore eyes' – you can test the theory by sampling Malvern water straight from the ground at public wells dotted around the town. 1Sights Great Malvern PrioryMONASTERY ( %01684-561020; www.greatmalvernpriory.org.uk; Church St; h9am-5pm) F The 11th-century Great Malvern Priory is packed with remarkable features, from original Norman pillars to surreal modernist stained glass. The choir is enclosed by a screen of 15th-century tiles and the monks' stalls are decorated with delightfully irreverent 14th-century misericords, depicting everything from three rats hanging a cat to the mythological reptile, the basilisk. Charles Darwin's daughter Annie is buried here. Malvern Museum of Local HistoryMUSEUM ( %01684-567811; www.malvernmuseum.co.uk; Priory Gatehouse, Abbey Rd; adult/child £2/50p; h10.30am-5pm Mar-Oct) Straddling Abbey Rd in the grand Priory Gatehouse (c 1470), the town museum offers a thorough exploration of Great Malvern's claims to fame, including spring waters, medieval monasteries, the Malvern Hills and Morgan Motors. oMorgan Motor CompanyMUSEUM ( %01684-584580; www.morgan-motor.co.uk; Pickersleigh Rd; tours adult/child £12.50/7.50; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Thu, to 2.30pm Fri) F Morgan has been handcrafting elegant sports cars since 1909, and you can still see the mechanics at work on guided tours of the unassuming shed-like buildings comprising the factory (prebooking essential), and view a fleet of vintage classics. Bus 44 from Church St runs past the factory. If buying one of these beautiful machines is beyond your budget, you can rent one from £190 per day, including insurance, for a spin through the Malvern Hills. ### WALKING IN THE MALVERN HILLS The jack-in-the-box Malvern Hills, which dramatically pop up out of the Severn plains on the boundary between Worcestershire and Herefordshire, rise to the lofty peak of the Worcester Beacon (419m), reached by a steep 3-mile climb above Great Malvern. More than 100 miles of trails traipse over the various summits, which are mostly capped by exposed grassland, offering the kind of views that inspire orchestral movements. The Great Malvern tourist office has racks of pamphlets covering popular hikes, including a map of the mineral-water springs, wells and fountains of the town and surrounding hills. The enthusiast-run website www.malverntrail.co.uk is also a goldmine of useful walking information. A single £3 parking ticket per day is valid at locations throughout the hills. TTours Great Malvern Walking ToursWALKING TOUR (adult/child £3/50p; htours 10.30am Sat & Sun Apr-Sep) Walking tours departing from the tourist office explore the town's medieval and Victorian history. 4Sleeping Bredon HouseHOTEL ( %01684-566990; www.bredonhouse.co.uk; 34 Worcester Rd; s/d from £45/70; p i) A short saunter from the centre, this genteel family- and pet-friendly Victorian hotel backs onto a stunning vista. Rooms are decorated in a quirky but tasteful mix of new and old, and the books, magazines and family photographs dotted around the place mean it feels like staying with relatives. Abbey HotelHOTEL ( %01684-892332; www.sarova-abbeyhotel.com; Abbey Rd; d £180-220; p i) Tangled in vines like a Brothers Grimm fairy-tale castle, this stately property has 103 elegant rooms in a prime location by the museum and priory. 5Eating Mac & Jac'sCAFE (www.macandjacs.co.uk; 23 Abbey Rd; dishes £4.50-11; h9am-7pm Tue-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Creative salads, flatbreads, sharing plates, spelt risotto and a savoury tart of the day are served up at this fresh addition to the town's dining scene. It's the sister branch of the Worcester cafe, set in a chic white-painted shopfront near the Great Malvern Priory. Look out for supper evenings (two-/three-course menus £25/29; dates vary). St Ann's Well CafeCAFE ( %01684-560285; www.stannswell.co.uk; dishes £1.50-4; h11.30am-3.30pm Tue-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Easter-Sep) A s-t-e-e-p climb above St Ann's Rd (so best to check opening times beforehand with the tourist office), this quaint cafe is set in an early 19th-century villa, with mountain-fresh spring water bubbling into a carved basin by the door. Fig TreeMODERN BRITISH ( %01684-569909; www.thefigtreemalvern.co.uk; 99b Church St; mains £13-18; h10am-10pm Tue-Sat) Tucked down an alleyway off Church St, this 19th-century former stable serves Mediterranean-inspired fare such as marinated pork chops with caramelised apple, red onion and rosemary potatoes, and char-grilled chicken with minted yoghurt and saffron rice. 3Entertainment Malvern TheatresTHEATRE ( %01684-892277; www.malvern-theatres.co.uk; Grange Rd) One of the country's best provincial theatres, this long-established cultural hub packs in a lively program of classical music, dance, comedy, drama and cinema. Theatre of Small ConvenienceTHEATRE ( %01684-568933; www.wctheatre.co.uk; Edith Walk; shows adult/child £2.50/1.50) Set in a converted Victorian public lavatory decked out with theatrical Italianate flourishes, this quirky place has just 12 seats and a program running from puppet shows to poetry and opera. Shows usually last five to 10 minutes. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01684-892289; www.visitthemalverns.org; 21 Church St; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) The tourist office is a mine of walking and cycling information. 8Getting There & Around National Express runs one bus daily to London Victoria (£21.70, five hours). For Worcester, take bus 44 (£3.50, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday). The train station is east of the centre, off Ave Rd. Services include the following: A **Hereford** £7.50, 35 minutes, hourly A **Ledbury** £4.80, 13 minutes, hourly A **Worcester** £5, 15 to 20 minutes, two or three hourly ## Herefordshire Slumbering in the English countryside, Herefordshire is a patchwork of fields, hills and cute little black-and-white villages, many dating back to the Tudor era and beyond. Getting around is complicated by infrequent bus services and meandering country lanes, but taking the scenic route is part of the appeal of this laid-back rural idyll. 2Activities As well as the famous **Offa's Dyke Path** , walkers can follow the **Herefordshire Trail** (www.herefordshiretrail.com) on a 150-mile circular loop through Leominster, Ledbury, Ross-on-Wye and Kington. Only slightly less ambitious is the 136-mile **Wye Valley Walk** (www.wyevalleywalk.org), which runs from Chepstow in Wales through Herefordshire and back out again to Plynlimon. Then there's the **Three Choirs Way** , a 100-mile route connecting the cathedrals of Hereford, Worcester and Gloucester. Cyclists can trace the **Six Castles Cycleway** (NCN Route 44) from Hereford to Leominster and Shrewsbury, or NCN Route 68 to Great Malvern and Worcester. ### SIPPING (AND SUPPING) YOUR WAY AROUND CIDER COUNTRY Herefordshire Cider RouteTOUR (www.ciderroute.co.uk) The Herefordshire Cider Route drops in on numerous local cider producers, where you can try before you buy, and then totter off to the next cidery. Mindful of road safety, tourist offices have maps and guide booklets to help you explore by bus or bicycle. Westons Cider MillsBREWERY ( %01531-660108; www.westons-cider.co.uk; The Bounds; tours adult/child £7.50/4; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4.30pm Sat & Sun) If you only have time to visit one cider-maker, make it Westons Cider Mills, just under a mile west of the tiny village of Much Marcle, whose house brew is even served in the Houses of Parliament. Informative tours (1¼ hours) start at 11am, 12.30pm and 2.30pm, with free cider and perry tastings for the grown-ups. There's also a fascinating bottle museum. Walwyn ArmsPUB ( %01531-660601; www.walwynarms.co.uk; Much Marcle; mains £9.50-17; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm & 6-9pm Sun) Westons ciders are served at this welcoming country pub, just across from Westons Cider Mills. Cider is also used in many dishes, such as the scrumptious twice-baked, mature cheddar and Old Rosie scrumpy soufflé, and cider-battered haddock fillet, with chips and mushy peas. Great lunchtime sandwiches (eg prawn and Bloody Mary mayonnaise) on hand-cut bread, too. 8Information Visit HerefordshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitherefordshire.co.uk) 8Getting Around For bus timetables, contact Traveline. Alternatively, pick up the chunky _Bus and Train Timetable_ from any tourist office (50p). Trains run frequently to Hereford, Leominster and Ledbury, with irregular bus connections on to the rest of the county. ### Hereford Pop 60,410 Dozing in the midst of apple orchards and rolling pastures at the heart of the Marches, straddling the River Wye, Hereford is best known for prime steaks, cider and the Pretenders (three of the original band members – guitarist James Honeyman-Scott, bassist Pete Farndon and drummer Martin Chambers – were local boys). 1Sights Hereford CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-374200; www.herefordcathedral.org; 5 College Cloisters; cathedral entry by £5 donation, Mappa Mundi £6; h9.15am to evensong, Mappa Mundi 10am-5pm Mon-Sat May-Sep, to 4pm Mon-Sat Oct-Apr, evensong 5.30pm Mon-Sat, 3.30pm Sun) After Welsh marauders torched the original Saxon cathedral, the Norman rulers of Hereford erected a larger, grander cathedral on the same site, which was subsequently remodelled in a succession of medieval architectural styles. The signature highlight is the magnificent **Mappa Mundi** , a single piece of calfskin vellum intricately painted with some rather fantastical assumptions about the layout of the globe in around 1290. The same wing contains the world's largest surviving chained library of rare manuscripts manacled to the shelves. Heated by four impressive Gurney stoves, the magnificent cathedral comes alive with **evensong** , and every three years in August it holds the famous Three Choirs Festival (www.3choirs.org), shared with Gloucester and Worcester Cathedrals. In the cloisters you'll find an atmospheric cafe. Old HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-260694; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat year-round, to 4pm Sun Apr-Sep) F This gloriously creaky black-and-white, three-storey wooden house was built in 1621. Climb upstairs for beautifully kept medieval rooms with period furniture (including 17th-century cradles), carved wood panelling and antique cast-iron firebacks. Hereford Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-260692; www.herefordshire.gov.uk/museums; Broad St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat year-round, to 4pm Sun Apr-Sep) F The eclectic town museum has displays on just about everything from 19th-century witches' curses to Roman antiquities. Cider Museum & King Offa DistilleryBREWERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-354207; www.cidermuseum.co.uk; 21 Ryeland St; adult/child £5.50/3; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Displays at this brewery and museum cover cider-making history and you can sample the delicious modern brews. Look for the fine _costrels_ (minibarrels) used by agricultural workers to carry their wages, which were partially paid in cider. It's about half-a-mile west of the centre; follow Eign St and turn south along Ryelands St. TTours Guided walksWALKING TOUR (adult/child £3.50/free; h11am Mon-Sat, 3pm Sun May-Sep) Guided walks start from the tourist office, exploring less well known historic sights in the centre. Ultimate Left BankCANOEING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-264807; www.leftbankcanoehire.com; Bridge St; canoe hire half-day/day £20/25) Rents open canoes to paddle along the River Wye. 4Sleeping Kidwells Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-264625; www.kidwellshouse.com; 9 Newtown Rd; s/d with en suite £50/60, without bathroom £35/50; p W) This warm and welcoming B&B in the north of town has comfortable rooms in varying categories, some with big balconies. A sunlit conservatory opens onto a large garden. Guests can use a gym, located 3 miles from the guesthouse and run by the same owners, for free. CharadesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-269444; www.charadeshereford.co.uk; 32 Southbank Rd; s/d from £50/65; p i W) Handy for the bus station, this imposing Victorian house has five inviting rooms with high ceilings, big and bright windows, and some with soothing countryside views. The house itself has character in spades – look for old service bells in the hall and the plentiful Titanic memorabilia. oCastle HouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-356321; www.castlehse.co.uk; Castle St; s/d/ste from £130/150/195; p i W) Set in a regal Georgian town house that was once the luxurious digs of the Bishop of Hereford, this tranquil hotel has a sophisticated restaurant, sun-kissed garden spilling down to the river, and magnificent rooms and suites. Eight newer rooms are a short walk away at 25 Castle St. Wheelchair accessible. 5Eating & Drinking Hereford DeliDELI ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://thehereforddeli.com; 4 The Mews, St Owen St; sandwiches £2-3; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat) Great for lunch on the run or eaten at the clutch of tables, sandwiches at this gourmet emporium are a steal. Combinations include curried free-range chicken with mango chutney, Scottish smoked salmon with lemon-and-dill butter, or local roast beef with Cropwell Bishop Stilton and rosehip jelly. It's hidden down a narrow laneway near a large public car park. Cafe@All SaintsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-370415; www.cafeatallsaints.co.uk; High St; mains £6-10; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat; W c) Inside the renovated nave of All Saint's Church, this inviting licensed cafe has wholesome daily specials, kicking off from 8am with bacon butties, eggy bread and breakfasts. There's outside seating for warmer days. La MadeleineFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-265 233; www.la-madeleine.co.uk; 17 Church St; mains £11-16; h10am-4pm Mon, Tue & Thu, 10am-4pm & 6-9pm Wed, 10am-4pm & 6-10pm Fri, 9am-5pm Sat) S A pretty, bare-boards interior, outdoor tables in the vine-draped garden and a stylish French menu – breakfast croissants, lunchtime tarts and dinner dishes such as fillet steak with horseradish crème fraîche, fries and green-bean salad – are enough to make any Parisian homesick. Lichfield VaultsPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lichfieldvaultshereford.co.uk; 11 Church St; h11am-midnight Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) On a cobbled lane near the cathedral, sociable 18th-century pub 'The Lich' opens to a decked beer garden out back. Regular live-music events include a monthly jazz Sunday lunch. Jovial Greek Cypriot host Andy serves up superior Greek food including meatballs, meze plates and more. Black LionPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theblacklionhereford.co.uk; 31 Bridge St; h10am-11pm) The more real ales and local ciders you knock back in this traditional pub, the more you may believe the tales of resident ghosts from the site's history as a monastery, an orphanage, a brothel and even a Chinese restaurant. There's regular live music. JailhouseCLUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://thejailhouse.wordpress.com; Gaol St; h10pm-3am Wed-Sat) Edgy, underground DJs and alternative sounds are constantly on the billing at Hereford's leading club. Look out for secret sets by big-name spinners. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01432-268430; www.visitherefordshire.co.uk; 1 King St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) Opposite the cathedral. 8Getting There & Around The bus station is on Commercial Rd, northeast of the town centre. National Express goes to London Victoria (£20.20, 4½ hours, five daily) and Gloucester (£5.50, one hour, four daily). Local services include the following: A **Ross-on-Wye** Bus 44; £3.50, 50 minutes, five daily Monday to Friday, four Saturday A **Worcester** Bus 420; £8.90, 1¼ hours, five daily Monday to Saturday, four Sunday The train station is northeast of the centre, with hourly trains to Birmingham (£15.20, 1½ hours), Ledbury (£6.50, 20 minutes), London Paddington (£38.50, three hours) – either direct or with a change in Newport, South Wales. Half-hourly services head to Ludlow (£9.50, 30 minutes). #### WORTH A TRIP ### GOLDEN VALLEY Nudging the foot of the Black Mountains, this lush valley was made famous by children's author CS Lewis, of _Narnia_ acclaim. Following the meandering River Dore, the valley is peppered with historic relics, including **Arthur's Stone** , a 5000-year-old Neolithic dolmen (chamber-tomb) near the village of Dorestone, and the handsome 12th-century Dore Abbey (www.doreabbey.org.uk; hdawn-dusk) in the appropriately named village of Abbey Dore. Bus 39 between Hereford and Hay-on-Wye (£3.50, one hour, five daily Monday to Saturday) follows the valley, stopping at Dorestone and Peterchurch. For accommodation and dining ideas, visit www.herefordholidays.co.uk. ### Ross-on-Wye Pop 10,580 Set on a red sandstone bluff over a kink in the River Wye, hilly Ross-on-Wye was propelled to fame in the 18th century by Alexander Pope and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who penned tributes to philanthropist John Kyrle, Man of Ross, who dedicated his life and fortune to the poor of the parish. 1Sights Market HouseHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01989-260675; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) F The 17th-century Market House sits atop weathered sandstone columns in Market Pl; inside the salmon-pink building the heritage centre has local history displays. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH (Church St; h9am-5pm) Crowning the hilltop, pin-straight St Mary's Church is a 13th-century construction with a fine east window and grand alabaster memorials, including the grave of John Kyrle and the outrageously ostentatious tombs of the noble Rudhall family. Behind the church, Royal Pde runs to the edge of the bluff, lined with realistic-looking but ersatz **castle ruins** , constructed in 1833. 4Sleeping & Eating White House Guest HouseB&B ( %01989-763572; www.whitehouseross.com; 13 Wye St; s/d/tr/f £50/70/90/100; p i W) This 18th-century stone house has a great location across the road from the River Wye. Vivid window boxes give it a splash of colour, and the quiet and comfortable rooms are decorated in shades of burgundy and crisp white. Truffles DelicatessenDELI (www.trufflesdeli.co.uk; 46 High St; dishes £2.50-3.50; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Packed to the rafters with local artisan products (cheeses, breads, chutneys et al), Truffles also has stellar sandwiches, soups and salad boxes to take away for a riverside picnic. Pots & PiecesCAFE (www.potsandpieces.com; 40 High St; mains £5-6; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) The best of the tearooms around the market place, with ceramics and crafts to browse. King's HeadINN ( %01989-763174; www.kingshead.co.uk; 8 High St; d £85-110, mains £11-21; hkitchen noon-2.15pm & 6.30-9.00pm; W) On the atmospheric High St, this unassuming 14th-century inn is a charmer. Dining highlights – in the low-lit front restaurant or glass conservatory – include seafood in champagne bisque, steaks and pies. Some of its chocolate-toned rooms have four-poster beds; there's limited guest parking. Two caveats: vegetarian options are limited and there's no access for travellers with disabilities. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01989-562768; www.herefordshire.gov.uk; Market House, Market Pl; h10.30am-4.30pm Wed-Mon Apr-Sep, to 4pm Sun Oct-Mar) Has information on sights and walks – ask for the _Ross-on-Wye Heritage Trail_ booklet (50p). Note that it closes every second Sunday throughout the year. 8Getting There & Around The bus stand is on Cantilupe Rd. Bus 44 runs hourly to Hereford (£3.50, 45 minutes, five daily Monday to Friday, four on Saturdays). ### BLACK-AND-WHITE VILLAGES A triangle of Tudor England survives almost untouched in northwest Herefordshire, where higgledy-piggledy black-and-white houses cluster around idyllic village greens, seemingly oblivious to the modern world. A delightful 40-mile circular drive follows the **Black and White Village Trail** (www.blackandwhitetrail.org), meandering past the most handsome timber-framed buildings. It starts at Leominster and loops round through Eardisland and Kington, the southern terminus of the Mortimer Trail from Ludlow. Pick up guides to exploring the villages by car, bus or bicycle at tourist offices. ### Ledbury Pop 8860 Creaking with history and dotted with antique shops, Ledbury's crooked black-and-white streets zero in on a delightfully leggy medieval **Market House**. The timber-framed structure is precariously balanced atop a series of wooden posts supposedly taken from the wrecked ships of the Spanish Armada. Almost impossibly cute Church Lane runs its cobbled way from the High St to the town church, crowded with tilting timber-framed buildings. At the top of the lane lies the 12th-century church of St Michael and All Angels (www.ledburyparishchurch.org.uk; h9am-5.30pm), with a splendid 18th-century spire and tower divided from its medieval nave. 4Sleeping & Eating The town pubs offer reasonably priced meals, but budget travellers will struggle to find cheap accommodation. Feathers HotelHOTEL ( %01531-635266; www.feathers-ledbury.co.uk; High St; s/d from £97.50/145, mains £13.50-25; p W s) This charming black-and-white Tudor hotel looms over the main road in Ledbury. Rooms in the oldest part of the building come with sloping floorboards, painted beams and much more character than the modern rooms. There's an atmospheric wood-panelled restaurant and an indoor heated swimming pool. Chez PascalFRENCH ( %01531-634443; Church Lane; mains £14-15; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Thu, to 11pm Fri & Sat) Set in a delightful courtyard with garden tables, this place is the go-to address of locals for fine dining. French owner/chef/patissier Pascal's mains include classics such as pan-fried pheasant in red wine, seafood ragout and fish gratin, but it's desserts such as ginger and lemon torte and raspberry tarts that are the stars of the show. 7Shopping Three Counties Cider ShopDRINK (www.threecountiescider.co.uk; 5a The Homend; h10am-5.30pm Tue-Thu, to 6pm Fri & Sat) The aroma of apples pervades this charming little shop filled with artisan cider, perry and juices from producers in three counties (Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire). A dozen ciders and perries are on tap to try; you can also buy locally produced gourmet goods including cider chocolates, chutneys and jams. 8Getting There & Away Buses are limited but regular train services include the following: A **Great Malvern** £4.80, 10 minutes, hourly A **Hereford** £6.50, 15 minutes, hourly A **Worcester** £6.50, 30 minutes, hourly ## Shropshire Sleepy Shropshire is a glorious scattering of hills, castles and timber-framed villages tucked against the Welsh border. Highlights include food-obsessed Ludlow, industrial Ironbridge and the beautiful Shropshire Hills, which offer the best walking and cycling in the Marches. 2Activities Walking The towering Shropshire Hills call out to walkers like a siren. Between Shrewsbury and Ludlow, the landscape rucks up into dramatic folds, with spectacular trails climbing the flanks of **Wenlock Edge** and the **Long Mynd** near Church Stretton. The county is also crossed by long-distance trails, including the famous **Offa's Dyke Path** and the popular **Shropshire Way** , which meanders around Ludlow and Church Stretton. For general information on walking in the county, visit www.shropshire walking.co.uk. Cycling Mountain bikers head for the muddy tracks that scramble over the **Long Mynd** near Church Stretton, while road riders aim for the **Six Castles Cycleway** (NCN 44), which runs for 58 miles from Shrewsbury to Leominster. Tourist offices sell copies of _Cycling for Pleasure in the Marches,_ a pack of five maps and guides covering the entire county. You can also download free cycling pamphlets from www.travelshropshire.co.uk. 8Information Secret ShropshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.secretshropshire.org.uk) Shropshire TourismTOURIST INFORMATION (www.shropshiretourism.co.uk) 8Getting Around Shrewsbury is the local transport hub, and handy rail services go to Church Stretton and Ludlow. The invaluable _Shropshire Bus & Train Map,_ available free from tourist offices, shows useful routes. **Shropshire Hills Shuttles** (www.shropshirehillsshuttles.co.uk) runs useful bus services along popular hiking routes on weekends and bank holidays. ### Shrewsbury Pop 71,710 A delightful jumble of winding medieval streets and timbered Tudor houses leaning at precarious angles, Shrewsbury ( _shroos_ -bree) was a crucial front in the conflict between English and Welsh in medieval days. Even today, the road bridge running east towards London is known as the English Bridge to mark it out from the Welsh Bridge leading northwest towards Holyhead. Shrewsbury is also the birthplace of Charles Darwin (1809–82). Shrewsbury 1Sights 1Charles Darwin StatueC1 2Shrewsbury AbbeyD2 3Shrewsbury CastleC1 4Shrewsbury Museum & Art GalleryB3 5St Mary's ChurchC2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 6SabrinaA2 4Sleeping 7Lion HotelC3 8Old House SuitesC3 5Eating 9Appleyards DelicatessenB3 10Drapers HallC2 11Golden CrossB3 12Good Life Wholefood RestaurantB3 6Drinking & Nightlife 13Henry Tudor HouseC3 14Three FishesB2 3Entertainment 15Old Market Hall Film & Digital MediaB2 16Theatre SevernA1 1Sights The most handsome buildings can be found on the narrow lanes surrounding **St Alkmond's Church** (AD 912), particularly along **Fish St** and amorously named **Grope Lane**. In a cute cobbled square, Shrewsbury's 16th-century **Old Market Hall** contains the town's pocket-sized cinema. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitchurches.org.uk; St Mary's St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat May-early Dec, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat early Dec-Apr) The fabulous interior of this tall-spired medieval church contains an impressive collection of stained glass, including a 1340 window depicting the Tree of Jesse (a biblical representation of the lineage of Jesus) and a magnificent oak ceiling in the nave, which largely collapsed in a huge gale in 1894 when the top of the spire blew off. Much of the glass in the church is sourced from Europe, including some outstanding Dutch glass from 1500. Shrewsbury AbbeyCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-232723; www.shrewsburyabbey.com; Abbey Foregate; admission by donation; h10am-4pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-3pm Nov-Mar) All that remains of a vast, cruciform Benedictine monastery founded in 1083 is the lovely red-sandstone Shrewsbury Abbey. Twice the setting for meetings of the English Parliament, the Abbey church lost its spire and two wings when the monastery was dissolved in 1540. It sustained further damage in 1826 when engineer Thomas Telford ran the London–Holyhead road right through the grounds. Nevertheless, you can still see some impressive Norman, Early English and Victorian features, including an exceptional 14th-century west window. It's famous as the setting for Ellis Peters' _Chronicles of Brother Cadfael_. Shrewsbury Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-258885; www.shrewsburymuseums.com; The Square; adult/child £4/2; h10am-5pm) F Newly housed in the Music Hall along with the tourist office, the town museum has diverse exhibits covering everything from Roman treasures to Shropshire gold, including the Bronze Age Perry bracelet. Its Prehistory and Roman Gallery is free of charge. Shrewsbury CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-358516; www.shrewsburymuseum.org.uk; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat, to 4pm Sun late May–mid-Sep, 10.30am-4pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat mid-Sep–late May) Hewn from flaking red Shropshire sandstone, the town castle contains the **Shropshire Regimental Museum** , plus fine views from **Laura's Tower** and the battlements. The lower level of the **Great Hall** dates from 1150. Charles Darwin StatueMONUMENT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) The town's most famous son, naturalist Charles Darwin, was born in the Mount in Shrewsbury's Frankwell area in 1809. He's commemorated by a statue outside the town library, formerly the Shrewsbury School, where he was educated. TTours Shrewsbury Walking ToursWALKING TOUR ( %01743-258888; adult/child £4/2.50; h2.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am Sun May-Sep) Guided walking tours leave from the tourist office. SabrinaBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-369741; www.sabrinaboat.co.uk; adult/child £7.50/3.50; hhourly 11am-4pm Mar-Oct) Enjoy Shrewsbury from the water on board the Sabrina, which cruises the River Severn. Trips leave from Victoria Quay near the Welsh Bridge. Ghost cruises run from 7.30pm to 10.30pm on Monday evenings ($7.50/3.50). There are music nights from 7.30pm to 10.30pm on Tuesdays (£5). 4Sleeping Pretty Abbey Foregate is lined with B&Bs. Corbet ArmsPUB ( %01743-709232; www.thecorbetarms.com; Church Rd, Uffington; d £65-95; p W) Situated 4 miles east of Shrewsbury in the pint-sized village of Uffington, this peaceful, family-friendly pub has nine beautifully appointed en suite rooms reached by a staircase. Try for top-floor room 10, which has exposed beams, a spacious sitting area and panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. Also serves high-quality food including outstanding Sunday roasts. Old House SuitesHISTORIC HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07813-610904; www.theoldhousesuites.com; The Old House, 20 Dogpole; ste £85-125; p i) Shrewsbury's most historic place to hang your tricorn, the Old House has three lavish suites, all with views of the garden from a gloriously crooked timbered Tudor town house that was once owned by one of Catherine of Aragon's courtiers. The owner conducts hour-long history tours of the property for guests. There's no sign, but it's up the steps from the Dogpole bus stop. Lion HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-353107; www.thelionhotelshrewsbury.com; Wyle Cop; s/d/ste incl breakfast from £80/108/140; p) A gilded wooden lion crowns the doorway of this famous 16th-century coaching inn, decked out inside with portraits of lords and ladies in powdered wigs. Charles Dickens was a former guest, and the lounge is warmed by a grand stone fireplace. Rooms are lovely, right down to the period-pattern fabrics and ceramic water jugs. 5Eating Good Life Wholefood RestaurantVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-350455; Barracks Passage; mains £3.50-7; h9am-4pm Mon-Sat; v) S Wholesome, freshly prepared vegetarian food is dished up at this healthy refuge off Wyle Cop. Favourites include quiches, nut loaf, salads, soups, veggie lasagne and a lovely spinach moussaka. Appleyards DelicatessenDELI ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-240180; 85 Wyle Cop; h9am-5pm Tue-Sat) Fantastic traditional shop stuffed with a cornucopia of cheeses and beers. Golden CrossMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-362507; www.goldencrosshotel.co.uk; 14 Princess St; lunch mains £10.50-14, dinner mains £11.50-19.50; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 6-10pm) Overwhelmingly romantic, this candlelit inn dating from 1428 has an inventive, impeccably executed menu, with dishes such as semolina-crusted ricotta-and-nutmeg dumplings, BBQ-glazed ribs with pineapple salsa and smoked garlic, and duck with plum sauce. Upstairs, five exquisite guest rooms (doubles £75 to £150) have luxurious touches including freestanding bathtubs and chaises longues. Drapers HallFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-344679; www.drapershallrestaurant.co.uk; 10 St Mary's Pl; mains £12-25; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 6.30-9pm; p W) The sense of history is palpable in this beautifully preserved 16th-century hall, fronted by an elegant Elizabethan facade. Award-winning Anglo-French haute cuisine is served in rooms adorned with wood panelling and artwork, and upstairs there are spectacular heirloom-filled bedrooms (doubles £105 to £155). 6Drinking Henry Tudor HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.henrytudorhouse.com; Barracks Passage; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, noon-11pm Sun) Tucked off Wyle Cop, this seriously overhanging black-and-white beauty was built in the early 15th century and is where Henry VII stayed before the Battle of Bosworth. Today it melds old and new with a zinc bar, light-filled conservatory and birdcage-encased chandeliers. Live gigs regularly take to the stage. Good menu, too. Three FishesPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.realaleshrewsbury.co.uk; 4 Fish St; h11.30am-3pm & 5-11pm Mon-Thu, 11.30am-11pm Fri & Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) The quintessential creaky Tudor alehouse, with a jolly publican, mellow regulars and hops hanging from the 15th-century beamed ceiling. 3Entertainment Old Market Hall Film & Digital MediaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-281281; www.oldmarkethall.co.uk; The Square; h10am-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; W) View mainstream and art-house movies in a charming Elizabethan setting. Theatre SevernTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-281281; www.theatresevern.co.uk; Frankwell Quay) This much-acclaimed and expansive new riverside theatre and music venue hosts everything from pop gigs and comedy nights to plays and classical concerts. 8Information Tourist officeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01743-258888; www.visitshrewsbury.com; The Square; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 10am-5pm Tue-Sun Nov-Mar) In the Music Hall along with the Shrewsbury Museum & Art Gallery. 8Getting There & Away Bus The bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Smithfield Rd) is beside the river. Bus 435 runs to Ludlow (£3.50, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Friday, every two hours Saturday), via Church Stretton (£2.70, 45 minutes). Other useful services: A **Birmingham** National Express; £7, 1½ hours, twice daily A **Ironbridge** Bus 96; £3, 50 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday A **London Victoria** National Express; £22.10, 4½ hours, twice daily Train From the train station at the bottom of Castle Foregate, trains run to Birmingham (£13.60, one hour, half-hourly), Ludlow (£14.20, 30 minutes, half-hourly) and London Euston (£68, 2¾ hours, every 20 minutes). If you're bound for Wales, Arriva Trains Wales ( %0845 606 1660; www.arrivatrainswales.co.uk) runs to Swansea (£44.20, 3¾ hours, hourly) and Holyhead (£57.20, three hours, hourly). 8Getting Around Dave Mellor CyclesBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01743-366662; www.davemellorcycles.com; 9a New St, Frankwell; per half-day/day £7.50/15; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat) Rents bikes for adults (no kids' bikes available). ### Attingham Park Attingham ParkHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01743-708123; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; house & grounds adult/child £9.45/5.25, grounds only £4.55/2.35; hhouse 10.30am-5.30pm mid-Mar–early Nov, grounds 8am-7pm May-Sep, 9am-6pm Mar-Apr & Oct, 9am-5pm Nov-Mar) Straight from a bodice-ripping period drama, Attingham Park was built in imposing neoclassical style in 1785. It has a grand columned facade, manicured lawns, and a stagecoach turning-circle in the courtyard. Home to some 300 fallow deer, the landscaped grounds swirl around an ornamental lake. The restored walled garden is a picture. Attingham Park is 4 miles southeast of Shrewsbury at Atcham – take bus 81 or 96 (£2.10, 20 minutes, six per day Monday to Saturday). ### Ironbridge Gorge Strolling or cycling through the woods, hills and villages of this peaceful river gorge, it's hard to believe such a sleepy enclave could really have been the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless, it was here that Abraham Darby perfected the art of smelting iron ore with coke in 1709, making it possible to mass-produce cast iron for the first time. Abraham Darby's son, Abraham Darby II, invented a new forging process for producing single beams of iron, allowing Abraham Darby III to astound the world with the first-ever iron bridge, constructed in 1779. The bridge remains the focal point of this World Heritage Site, and 10 very different museums tell the story of the Industrial Revolution in the buildings where it took place. Ironbridge Gorge 1Top Sights 1Iron BridgeF2 2Museum of the GorgeA3 1Sights 3Bedlam FurnacesC3 4Blists Hill Victorian TownE3 5Coalport China Museum & Tar TunnelE4 6Darby HousesA1 7EnginuityA1 Iron Bridge TollhouseF2 8Jackfield Tile MuseumD4 9Museum of IronA1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 10Ironbridge LeisureF1 4Sleeping 11Calcutts HouseD3 12Coalport YHAE4 13Library HouseF1 14Ye Olde Robin HoodC3 5Eating 15D'arcys at the StationF2 16Deli-DaleA2 17Restaurant SevernF1 ### IRONBRIDGE GORGE MUSEUM PASSPORT The 10 Ironbridge museums are administered by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust ( %01952-433424; www.ironbridge.org.uk). You'll save considerably by buying a passport ticket ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; adult/child £27.50/16.50) at any of the museums or the tourist office. Valid for 12 months, it allows unlimited entry to all of Ironbridge Gorge's sites. 1Sights & Activities oMuseum of the GorgeMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433424; www.ironbridge.org.uk; The Wharfage; adult/child £4.15/3.25; h10am-5pm Mar-early Nov, to 4pm early Nov-Feb) Kick off your visit at the Museum of the Gorge, which offers an overview of the World Heritage Site using film, photos and 3-D models. Housed in a Gothic warehouse by the river, it's filled with entertaining, hands-on exhibits. oIron BridgeBRIDGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ironbridge.org.uk; htoll house 10am-5pm Sat & Sun Mar-early Nov, to 4pm Sat & Sun early Nov-Feb, daily during school holidays) F The flamboyant, arching and gravel-strewn Iron Bridge, which gives the area its name, was built to flaunt the new technology invented by the pioneering Darby family. At the time of its construction in 1779, nobody could believe that anything so large – it weighs 384 tonnes – could be built from cast iron without collapsing under its own weight. There's a small exhibition on the bridge's history at the former toll house ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Blists Hill Victorian TownMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433424; www.ironbridge.org.uk; Legges Way; adult/child £16.50/11; h10am-5pm Mar-early Nov, to 4pm early Nov-Feb) Set at the top of the Hay Inclined Plane (a cable lift that once transported coal barges uphill from the Shropshire Canal), Blists Hill is a lovingly restored Victorian village repopulated with townsfolk in period costume, busy with day-to-day chores. There's even a bank, where you can exchange your modern pounds for shillings to use at the village shops. In summer, a Victorian fair is an added attraction for young ones. Museum of IronMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ironbridge.org.uk; Wellington Rd; adult/child, £8.50/5.75, incl Darby Houses £9.25/6.75; h10am-5pm Mar-early Nov, to 4pm early Nov-Feb) Set in the brooding buildings of Abraham Darby's original iron foundry, the Museum of Iron contains some excellent interactive exhibits. As well as producing the girders for the Ironbridge, the factory became famous for heavy machinery and extravagant ornamental castings, including the gates for London's Hyde Park. Darby HousesMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433522; www.ironbridge.org.uk; adult/child £5.25/3.75, incl Museum of Iron £9.25/6.75; h10am-5pm late Mar-early Nov) These beautifully restored 18th-century homes housed generations of the Darby family in gracious but modest Quaker comfort. Theyre just uphill from the Museum of Iron. Coalport China Museum & Tar TunnelMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ironbridge.org.uk; museum adult/child £8.50/5.75, Tar Tunnel £3.25/2.50; h10.30am-4pm Mar-early Nov) As ironmaking fell into decline, Ironbridge diversified into manufacturing china pots, using the fine clay mined around Blists Hill. Dominated by a pair of towering bottle kilns, the atmospheric old china works now contains an absorbing **museum** tracing the history of the industry, with demonstrations of traditional pottery techniques. A short stroll along the canal brings you to the 200-year-old **Tar Tunnel** , an artificial watercourse that was abandoned when natural bitumen started trickling from its walls. Jackfield Tile MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433424; www.ironbridge.org.uk; adult/child £8.50/5.75; h10am-5pm late Mar-early Nov, to 4pm early Nov-late Mar) Once the largest tile factory in the world, Jackfield was famous for its encaustic tiles, with ornate designs produced using layers of different coloured clay. Tiles are still produced here today for period restorations. Gas-lit galleries re-create ornately tiled rooms from past centuries including Victorian public conveniences. The museum is on the south bank of the Severn – cross the footbridge at the bottom of the Hay Inclined Plane. Tile decorating workshops take place on Tuesdays (from 10am; £5). EnginuityMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ironbridge.org.uk; Wellington Rd; adult/child £8.75/7.25; h10am-5pm late Mar-early Nov, to 4pm early Nov-late Mar) If the kids are starting to look glazed, recharge their batteries at this levers-and-pulleys science centre beside the Museum of Iron, where you can control robots, move a steam locomotive with your bare hands (and a little engineering know-how) and power up a vacuum cleaner with self-generated electricity. Broseley PipeworksMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ironbridge.org.uk; adult/child £5.25/3.75; h1-5pm mid-May–mid-Sep) This was once the biggest clay tobacco pipe-maker in the country, but the industry nose-dived after the introduction of prerolled cigarettes in the 1880s, and the factory was preserved much as it was when the lights were turned off in 1957. The pipeworks is a 1-mile walk south of the river (cross the Ironbridge and follow the signs) on a winding lane that passes the old workers' cottages. Ask the tourist office for the _Jitties_ leaflet, which has a walking tour of laneways around the pipeworks. Bedlam FurnacesNOTABLE BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) By the River Severn, you can see the remains of the 1750s-built coke-fired blast furnaces, which remained in use into the 19th century. Ironbridge LeisureCANOEING, KAYAKING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433518; www.ironbridgeleisure.co.uk; 31 High St; kayak/canoe rental from £20/25; h9am-5pm Tue-Sat) In summer, when the river is at a safe level, you can rent canoes and kayaks to explore the gorge and surrounding areas on 5-mile excursions (around three hours) or multiday camping trips. #### WORTH A TRIP ### COSFORD ROYAL AIR FORCE MUSEUM Cosford Royal Air Force Museum MUSEUM ( %01902-376200; www.rafmuseum.org.uk; Shifnal; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb) F This famous aerospace museum 13 miles east of Ironbridge is run by the Royal Air Force, whose pilots steered many of these winged wonders across the skies. Among the 70 aircraft on display are the Vulcan bomber (which carried Britain's nuclear deterrent) and the tiny helicopter-like FA330 Bachstelze glider that was towed behind German U-boats to warn them of enemy ships. You can also try out a Black Hawk simulator. It's a half-mile walk from Cosford train station, on the Birmingham–Shrewsbury line. The Red Arrows stunt team paint the sky with coloured smoke during the **Cosford Air Show** (www.cosfordairshow.co.uk) in June . 4Sleeping Rooms are everywhere in Ironbridge and nearby Telford has modern hotels. Ironbridge has two YHA hostels but the Coalbrookdale hostel is reserved for groups. Ye Olde Robin HoodPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433071; www.yeolderobinhoodinn.co.uk; 33 Waterloo St; d from £55; p W) New managers are revitalising this quaint, white-washed, traditional inn on the banks of the River Severn. Its three spotless rooms come with king-size mattresses; the bar does well-priced, dependable food and you're treated like a regular from the moment you walk in the door. Coalport YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9325; www.yha.org.uk; High St; dm/d from £13/50; p W) In a converted china factory in the quietest, prettiest corner of Ironbridge. Rooms are modern and functional but the biggest drawcards are the facilities, which include a laundry, kitchen and licensed cafe, with wi-fi in common areas. oLibrary HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-432299; www.libraryhouse.com; 11 Severn Bank; s/d from £75/90; p i W) Up an alley off the main street, this lovingly restored Georgian library building is hugged by vines, backed by a beautiful garden and decked out with stacks of vintage books, curios, prints and lithographs. There are three charmingly well-preserved, individually decorated rooms, named Milton, Chaucer and Eliot. The affable dog whipping around is Millie. Calcutts HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-882631; www.calcuttshouse.co.uk; Calcutts Rd; s/tw/d from £55/70/90; p W) This former ironmaster's pad dates from the 18th century. It's tucked away on the south bank around the corner from the Jackfield Tile Museum, about a mile east of the bridge. Its traditionally decorated rooms have heaps of character, and one is furnished with an outsized two-hundred-year-old four-poster bed. 5Eating & Drinking Most places to eat line the High St, but old-fashioned pubs dot both banks of the River Severn. Deli-DaleDELI ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Dale End, Coalbrookdale; dishes £3-5.50; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat, noon-4pm Sun; W c) This wonderful deli is far and away the best place in the area for a light meal. Steaming-hot soups, salads, cakes and sandwiches are all freshly made; take them away or else dine in the cosy shop or at umbrella-shaded picnic tables in the courtyard. Very family-friendly. D'arcys at the StationMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-884499; www.darcysironbridge.co.uk; Ladywood; mains £12-14; h6-9.30pm Tue-Sat) Just over the bridge by the river, the handsome old station building is the backdrop for flavoursome Mediterranean dishes, from Moroccan chicken to Cypriot kebabs and Tuscan bean casserole. Restaurant SevernBRITISH, FRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-432233; www.restaurantsevern.co.uk; 33 High St; 2-/3-course lunch menu £18.95/20.95, 2-/3-course dinner menu from £25.95/27.95; h6.30pm-8.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-1.30pm Sun; p) The highly praised fare at this small, unadorned riverside restaurant is a winning English–French hybrid. The locally sourced menu changes weekly but incorporates creations such as Shropshire venison medallions with cognac and sundried cranberry sauce. Menu prices rise slightly on Fridays and Saturdays. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01952-433424; www.ironbridge.co.uk; The Wharfage; h10am-5pm) Located at the Museum of the Gorge. 8Getting There & Away The nearest train station is 6 miles away at Telford, from where you can travel to Ironbridge on bus 96 (£2.10, 15 minutes, six per day Monday to Saturday). The same bus continues from Ironbridge's tourist office to Shrewsbury (£5.10, 35 minutes). Bus 99 runs from Bridgnorth (£3.20, 45 minutes, nine per day Monday to Saturday) and bus 88 runs to Much Wenlock (£3.50, 30 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday). 8Getting Around At weekends and on bank holidays from Easter to October, the Gorge Connect bus (£1.65; Museum Passport holders £1) runs from Telford bus station to all of the museums on the north bank of the Severn. A Day Rover pass costs £2.20/1.55 per adult/child. ### Much Wenlock Pop 2210 With one of those quirky names that abound in the English countryside, Much Wenlock is as charming as it sounds. Surrounding the time-worn ruins of Wenlock Priory, the streets are studded with Tudor, Jacobean and Georgian houses, and locals say hello to everyone. This storybook English village also claims to have jump-started the modern Olympics. ### GRANDADDY OF THE MODERN OLYMPICS All eyes were on London for the Olympic Games in 2012, but tiny Much Wenlock held its own Olympic Games in July the same year, as it has annually since 1850. The idea of holding a sporting tournament based on the games of ancient Greece was the brainchild of local doctor William Penny Brookes, who was looking for a healthy diversion for bored local youths. Accordingly, he created a tournament for 'every kind of man', with running races, high and long jumps, tilting, hammer throwing and wheelbarrow races – plus glee singing, knitting and sewing for every kind of woman. The games soon piqued the interest of Baron Pierre Coubertin, who visited in 1890 and consulted Brookes extensively before launching the modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. Unfortunately, Brookes was effectively airbrushed out of the Olympic story until 1994, when then-International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch visited Much Wenlock to pay his respects to 'the founder of the Modern Olympic Games'. The Much Wenlock Olympics are still held every July, with events that range from the triathlon to volleyball; for details visit www.wenlock-olympian-society.org.uk. 1Sights GuildhallHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01952-727509; admission £1; h10.30am-1pm & 2-4.30pm Mon-Sat & 2-4.30pm Sun Apr-Oct) Built in classic Tudor style in 1540, the wonky Guildhall features some splendidly ornate woodcarving. One of the pillars supporting it was used for public floggings in medieval times. Holy Trinity ChurchCHURCH (www.muchwenlockchurch.co.uk; h9am-5pm) The ancient, eroded Holy Trinity Church was built in 1150 over Saxon foundations. Note the Norman arch as you enter with the (as yet) undeciphered initials 'AB' and 'RI' on either side. Also look out for the old police station nearby, dating from 1864. Wenlock PrioryRUIN (EH; %01952-727466; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child incl audioguide £4.20/2.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p) The maudlin Cluniac ruins of Wenlock Priory rise up from vivid green lawns, sprinkled with animal-shaped topiary. Raised by Norman monks over the ruins of a Saxon monastery from AD 680, the hallowed remains include a finely decorated chapterhouse and an unusual carved lavabo, where monks came to ceremonially wash before eating. 4Sleeping & Eating Raven HotelHOTEL ( %01952-727251; www.ravenhotel.com; Barrow St; d £85-95, ste £105, lunch mains £11-13, dinner 2-/3-course menu £28/36; p W) Much Wenlock's finest accommodation, this 17th-century coaching inn and converted stables has oodles of historical charm and rich country-chic styling. Overlooking a flower-filled courtyard, the excellent restaurant serves classic Mediterranean and British fare. FoxPUB ( %01952-727292; www.the-fox-inn.co.uk; 46 High St; s/d from £65/85, mains £13.50-16.50; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-2pm Sun; p i W) Warm yourself by the massive fireplace, then settle down in the dining room to savour locally sourced venison, pheasant and beef, swished down with a pint of Shropshire ale. Candlelit dinners here are lovely. It also has five contemporary rooms. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01952-727679; www.muchwenlockguide.info; The Square; h10.30am-1pm & 1.30-5pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-1pm & 1.30-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Mar) Has a modest museum (admission free) of local history. 8Getting There & Away Bus 436 runs from Shrewsbury to Much Wenlock (£3.30, 35 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) and on to Bridgnorth (£3.30, 20 minutes). Bus 88 runs to Ironbridge (£2.60, 30 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday). ### Around Much Wenlock The spectacular limestone escarpment of **Wenlock Edge** swells up like an immense petrified wave, breaking over the Shropshire countryside. Formed from limestone that once lined the bottom of Silurian seas, the ridge sprawls for 15 miles from Much Wenlock to Craven Arms along the route of the B4371, providing a fantastic hiking back-route from Ludlow and Ironbridge Gorge. Wilderhope Manor YHA ( %0845 371 9149; www.yha.org.uk; Longville-in-the-Dale; dm/d/f from £16/48/75; hFri, Sat & school holidays; p) is a gloriously atmospheric gabled greystone Elizabethan manor, with spiral staircases, wood-panelled walls, an impressive stone-floored dining hall and spacious, oak-beamed rooms – this is hostelling for royalty. Bus 155 from Ludlow (£3.70, 50 minutes) runs once daily Monday to Friday to Shipton, a half-mile walk from Wilderhope – call the hostel for timetables. ### Bridgnorth & Around Pop 12,315 Cleaved into two by a dramatic sandstone bluff that tumbles down to the River Severn, Bridgnorth is one of Shropshire's finest-looking historic towns, with a wealth of architectural charm despite much of the High Town succumbing to fire in 1646 during the Civil War. Around its namesake church, the High Town's adorable **St Leonard's Close** contains some of the most attractive buildings and almshouses in town, including a splendid six-gabled house, once part of the grammar school. A 19th-century cliff railway and several narrow lanes drop down from the High Town to the Low Town, including the very steep pedestrian Cartway, at the bottom of which is **Bishop Percy's House** , dating from 1580. 1Sights & Activities NorthgateMUSEUM (www.bridgnorthmuseum.org.uk; Northgate; h1.30-4pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun Easter-Oct, 11am-4pm Sun-Fri, 1.30-4pm Sat during school holidays) F Northgate is the last surviving gate of five that originally guarded the town, and contains a small museum on local history run by volunteers from the Historical Society. Daniels MillMILL ( %01746-762753; www.danielsmill.co.uk; adult/child £5/4; h11am-4pm Easter-Oct) One mile south of the centre, Daniels Mill is the largest working water-powered mill in the country, and still produces flour for local bakers. Visitors get a personal tour of the working machinery from the resident miller. Bridgnorth Cliff RailwayHISTORIC RAILWAY ( %01746-762052; www.bridgnorthcliffrailway.co.uk; return £1.20; h8am-8pm Mon-Sat & noon-8pm Sun May-Sep, to 6.30pm Oct-Apr) Britain's steepest inland railway has trundled up the cliff since 1892. At the top of the route, a pedestrian walkway (affording astonishing night-time panoramas) curves around the bluff to a pretty park dotted with scattered masonry, some leaning at an incredible angle (all that remains of **Bridgnorth Castle** ), and passes the grand and imposing Thomas Telford–designed and cupola-topped **St Mary's Church**. Severn Valley RailwayHISTORIC RAILWAY ( %01299-403816; www.svr.co.uk; adult one-way/return £12.50/18, child £8/11.50; hdaily May-Sep, Sat & Sun Oct-Apr) Bridgnorth is the northern terminus of the Severn Valley Railway, whose historic steam or diesel locomotives chug down the valley to Kidderminster (one hour), starting from the station on Hollybush Rd. Check the calendar for additional event dates. Cyclists can follow a beautiful 20-mile section of the Mercian Way (NCN Route 45) beside the railway line towards the Wyre Forest. 4Sleeping & Eating Severn Arms HotelHOTEL ( %01746-764616; www.thesevernarms.co.uk; 3 Underhill St; s with/without en suite £32/46, d £64, f £75; W) At the bottom of the bluff right next to the cliff railway, this comfortable riverside Georgian property has gorgeous views over the bridge. The helpful owners can direct you to parking a few minute's walk away over the bridge. Cinnamon CafeCAFE ( %01746-762944; Waterloo House, Cartway; mains £5-8; h9am-6pm Mon-Wed & Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun; c) Sweeping views extend from the dining room and terrace of this licensed cafe near the top of the Cartway. It serves up savoury bakes (many vegetarian and vegan), plus quiches, homemade muesli and cakes. Bridgnorth DelicatessenDELI (www.delicatessen.tv; 45 High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Pick up picnic ingredients from the well-stocked Bridgnorth Delicatessen, a lovely old shop full of gleaming jars. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01746-763257; www.visitbridgnorth.co.uk; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat year-round, 10am-1pm & 2-5pm Thu Apr-Oct) Based at the town library. 8Getting There & Away Bus 436 runs from Shrewsbury to Bridgnorth (£3.30, one hour, hourly Monday to Saturday), via Much Wenlock (£3.30, 25 minutes). Bus 99 runs to Ironbridge (£3.30, 30 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday). ### Church Stretton & Around Pop 3700 Set in a deep valley formed by the Long Mynd and the Caradoc Hills, Church Stretton is an ideal base for walks or cycle tours through the Shropshire Hills. Although black-and-white timbers are heavily in evidence, most of the buildings in town are 19th-century fakes, built by the Victorians who flocked here to take the country air. The Norman-era **St Laurence's Church** features an exhibitionist sheila-na-gig over its north door. 2Activities Walking Church Stretton clings to the steeply sloping sides of the **Long Mynd** , Shropshire's most famous hill, which rises to 517m. Dubbed 'Little Switzerland' by the Victorians, this desolate but dramatic bluff is girdled by walking trails that offer soaring views over the surrounding countryside. Most people start walking from the National Trust car park (per day £2.50) at the end of the **Carding Mill Valley** (www.cardingmillvalley.org.uk), half a mile west of Shrewsbury Rd. A small tearoom (dishes £3.50-5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) here provides refreshments. A maze of single-track roads climbs over the Long Mynd to the adjacent ridge of **Stiperstones** , crowned by a line of spooky-looking crags. You can continue right over the ridge, passing the Bog ( %01743-792484; www.bogcentre.co.uk; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Easter-Oct) tourist office and cafe in a Victorian-era school next to the ruins of an abandoned mining village, heading to the village of Snailbeach ( %01743-790613; www.shropshiremines.org.uk; mine tours £7.50/3; htours 11am-4pm Sun Jun-Sep), with its intriguing mining relics. Other Activities The tourist office has maps of local mountain-biking circuits and details of horse-riding stables (visit www.shropshireriding.co.uk for info). Plush Hill CyclesCYCLING ( %01694-720133; www.plushhillcycles.co.uk; 8 The Square; per half-day/day from £17/22; h8.30am-6pm Mon, Tue, Thu & Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Handy range of mountain bikes and electric bikes. Rates include helmets, maps and child seats. 4Sleeping Bridges Long Mynd YHAHOSTEL ( %01588-650656; www.yha.org.uk; Bridges; dm from £16; p) On the far side of the Long Mynd, this wonderfully isolated hiker favourite is housed in a former school in the tiny hamlet of Bridges, 1.1 miles from Ratlinghope. Meals and liquid refreshment are available at the nearby Horseshoe Inn pub. No wi-fi, no phone reception, no credit cards. Cross the Mynd to Ratlinghope, or take the Long Mynd & Stiperstones Shuttle bus. Mynd Guest HouseB&B ( %01694-722212; www.myndhouse.co.uk; Ludlow Rd; s/d from £50/80; p i W) Just under 2 miles south of Church Stretton in Little Stretton, this inviting, family-friendly guesthouse has splendid views across the valley and backs directly onto the Mynd. The lovely rooms are named after local hills; there's a small bar and lounge stocked with local books; and a room for drying your boots. 5Eating & Drinking Several cosy pubs line Church Stretton's High St. Berry's Coffee HouseCAFE ( %01694-724452; www.berryscoffeehouse.co.uk; 17 High St; mains £6-9.50; h9am-5pm Sun-Thu, later Fri & Sat; c) S A particularly cosy cafe with loads of rooms in an 18th-century house, Berry's offers an organic, free-range, fair-trade, home-cooked menu, including Shropshire breakfasts and wicked desserts. No credit cards. BridgesPUB ( %01588-650260; www.thebridgespub.co.uk; Ratlinghope; lunch mains £9-14, dinner mains £10.50-17.50; hkitchen noon-3pm & 6.30-9pm) Some 5 miles northeast of Church Stretton, at the base of Long Mynd (tucked away just 160m from Bridges Long Mynd YHA by the river), this is one of those secret country pubs revered for its live music, riverside terrace, relaxed accommodation (dorm/double from £15/50) and impressive food (pork belly in cider; mushroom and goats cheese strudel...). Hard to find but absolutely worth it. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01694-723133; www.churchstretton.co.uk; Church St; h9.30am-3pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat) Adjoining the library. Has abundant walking information and free internet terminals. 8Getting There & Around Trains between Ludlow (£6.80) and Shrewsbury (£5.90) stop in Church Stretton hourly, taking 15 minutes from either end. Alternatively, take bus 435 from Shrewsbury or Ludlow (£2.70, 40 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). Bus 553 runs from Shrewsbury to Bishop's Castle via Stiperstones and Snailbeach (£3.30, 40 minutes, four daily Monday to Saturday). From Easter to September, the hail-and-ride Long Mynd & Stiperstones Shuttle (www.shropshirehillsaonb.co.uk; Day Rover ticket £7; h7 daily Sat & Sun Apr-Sep) runs from the Carding Mill Valley near Church Stretton to the villages atop the Long Mynd, passing the YHA at Bridges, and Stiperstones near the Snailbeach mine. ### Bishop's Castle Pop 1895 Set amid blissfully peaceful Shropshire countryside, Bishop's Castle is a higgledy-piggledy tangle of timbered town houses and Old Mother Hubbard cottages. The High St climbs from the town church to the refurbished Georgian **town hall** (1765) abutting the crooked 16th-century House on Crutches ( %01588-630556; www.hocmuseum.org.uk; h2-5pm Sat & Sun Apr-Sep), which also houses the town **museum**. 2Activities Walkers can hike north from Bishop's Castle along the **Shropshire Way** , which joins up with the long-distance **Offa's Dyke Path** and **Kerry Ridgeway** to the west. The northern sections of the Shropshire Way climb to the high country of the Stiperstones and the Long Mynd near Church Stretton. Bishop's Castle also lies on the popular **Six Castles Cycleway** (NCN Route 44) between Shrewsbury and Leominster. 4Sleeping & Eating Castle HotelHOTEL ( %01588-638403; www.thecastlehotelbishopscastle.co.uk; The Square; s/d/f incl breakfast from £100/105/150, mains £11-20; p W) This solid-looking 18th-century coaching inn was built with stones from the now-vanished Bishop's Castle, which also contributed the gorgeous wood panelling in the dining room. All eight en suite rooms are lovely, with modern fabrics meeting old antique furniture. The pub bar in the hotel is decidedly cosy and the garden delightful. Rates increase at the weekends. Yarborough HouseCAFE (www.yarboroughhouse.com; The Square; dishes £3.50-5; h10am-5pm Tue & Thu-Sun) Coffee and cakes in a cosy secondhand bookshop with a simply vast collection of secondhand classical-music recordings. 6Drinking Three TunsPUB (www.thethreetunsinn.co.uk; Salop St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Sat, to 8.30pm Sun) Bishop's Castle's finest watering hole is attached to the tiny **Three Tuns Brewery** (www.three tunsbrewery.co.uk), which has been rolling barrels of nut-brown ale across the courtyard since 1642. It's a lively local, and the ales are delicious. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01588-630023; http://bishopscastletownhall.co.uk; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat) In the restored Town Hall. 8Getting There & Away Bus 553 runs to and from Shrewsbury (£3.10, one hour, half-hourly Monday to Saturday). On Saturdays, Sundays and bank holidays from mid-April to September, you can jump on the Castle Connect Shuttle from Ludlow (Day Rover ticket/single £7/1.30, 1¼ hours, three per day). ### Ludlow Pop 10,515 Exactly why this genteel market town fanning out from the rambling ruins of a fine Norman castle became a national gastronomic phenomenon is not entirely clear, but today Ludlow's delightful muddle of narrow streets are crammed with independent butchers, bakers, grocers, cheesemongers and exceptional restaurants. 1Sights & Activities Ludlow is ringed by wonderful landscapes. Starting just outside Ludlow Castle entrance, the waymarked **Mortimer Trail** runs for 30 miles through idyllic English countryside to Kington in Herefordshire. The tourist office has various leaflets describing the route, or visit www.exploremortimercountry.com. Ludlow CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-873355; www.ludlowcastle.com; Castle Sq; adult/child £5/2.50; h10am-6pm daily Aug, to 5pm Apr-Jul & Sep, to 4pm Oct, Nov, Feb & Mar, to 4pm Sat & Sun Dec & Jan) Perched in an ideal defensive location atop a cliff that's above a crook in the river, the town castle was built to ward off the marauding Welsh – or to enforce the English expansion into Wales, perspective depending. Founded after the Norman conquest, the castle was dramatically expanded in the 14th century. The Norman chapel in the inner bailey is one of the few surviving round chapels in England, and the sturdy keep (built around 1090) offers wonderful views over the hills. Church of St LaurenceCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stlaurences.org.uk; King St; admission by £3 donation; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 11am-4pm Oct-Mar) One of Britain's largest parish churches, the church of St Laurence contains grand Elizabethan alabaster tombs and delightfully cheeky medieval misericords carved into its medieval choir stalls, including a beer-swilling chap raiding his barrel. The Lady Chapel contains a marvelous **Jesse Window** originally dating from 1330 (although the glass is mostly Victorian). Four windows in St John's Chapel date from the mid-15th century, including the honey-coloured **Golden Window**. Climb 200 steps up the **tower** (included in donation) for stunning views. TTours Town ToursWALKING TOUR ( %01584-874205; www.ludlowhistory.co.uk; adult/child £3/free; h2.30pm Sat & Sun Apr-Oct) Popular town tours leave from the Cannon in Castle Sq. Ghost WalkWALKING TOUR (www.shropshireghostwalks.co.uk; adult/child £4/3; h8pm Fri) Search for spooks on the ghost walk from outside the Church Inn on the Buttercross. zFestivals & Events Ludlow FestivalARTS (www.ludlowartsfestival.co.uk; hJun) The town's cultural calendar peaks with this fortnight of theatre and music that uses the castle as its dramatic backdrop. Ludlow Food & Drink FestivalFOOD (www.foodfestival.co.uk; hSep) One of Britain's best foodie celebrations, spanning a long weekend in September. 4Sleeping Feathers HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-875261; www.feathersatludlow.co.uk; 21 Bull Ring; s/d from £95/130; p) Stepping through the impossibly ornate timbered Jacobean facade, you'll find this hotel is all tapestries, creaky wood furniture, timber beams and stained glass: you can almost hear the cavaliers toasting the health of King Charles. The best rooms are in the old building; rooms in the newer wing lack the character and romance. The restaurant is highly recommended (2-/3-course menus £32.50/39.95). Charlton ArmsINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-872813; www.charltonarms.co.uk; Ludford Bridge; d £90-120; p W) The pick of the rooms at this landmark inn overlook the River Teme, and the pick of those rooms have terraces (one with an outdoor hot tub as well as a four-poster bed). Its restaurant, also opening to a terrace, serves Ludlow-quality Modern British cuisine, and there's a large free car park and superb service. Dinham Hall HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-876464; www.dinhamhall.com; d £145-195, ste £245; p W) A resplendent 18th-century country manor with views of the castle and the river from gorgeous rooms full of heirloom furniture. There's a superb fine-dining restaurant, Elliots, and afternoon teas. 5Eating Almost every pub and restaurant in town has caught the local-produce-and-deli-ingredients bug. Foodies shouldn't miss the Ludlow Food Centre. Fish HouseSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-879790; www.thefishhouseludlow.co.uk; 50 Bull Ring; taster plates £4-9, shellfish platter £65; h9am-5pm Wed-Fri, to 4pm Sat) Except on Saturdays, when it's first-come, first-served, bookings are recommended for the barrel tables at this stylish fish and oyster bar. It sources Britain's best seafood: Whitby dressed crab, Arbroath smokies and Bigbury Bay oysters included. The house shellfish platter, available Fridays and Saturdays only, is best washed down with champagne. Green CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-879872; www.thegreencafe.co.uk; Mill on the Green, Linney; dishes £5-11; h10.30am-4.30pm Tue-Sun) Overlooking the weir, the Green Cafe takes full advantage of its riverside position beneath Ludlow Castle with its 25 outdoor seats (plus another 30 inside). Outstanding food spans warm salt beef baps (soft bread rolls) to tagliatelle with pheasant sauce and parmesan shavings. Wines, beers and ciders are from small-scale producers. Its popularity means you should book ahead. La BécasseMODERN FRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-872325; www.labecasse.co.uk; 17 Corve St; 2-/3-course lunch menu £28/32.50, 2-/3-course dinner menu £45/55; hnoon-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Fri, noon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Sat) Artistically presented and bursting with inventive flavours, meals are served in an oak-panelled, exposed-brick dining room in the 17th-century coach house. Head chef Chris O'Halloran creates remarkable dishes and also runs masterclasses on the second Monday of each month (£99 including lunch). Mr Underhill'sMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-874431; www.mr-underhills.co.uk; Dinham Weir; 8-course menu £67.50-75; h7-9.30pm Wed-Sun) S This dignified Michelin-starred restaurant is set in a converted corn mill that dips its toes in the river. The Modern British food is exquisitely prepared, using market-fresh ingredients in a menu that changes daily. If you're too content to move, one of the four particularly elegant suites (£220 to £365) can oblige. 6Drinking & Entertainment Real ales are the order of the day in flavour-obsessed Ludlow. oLudlow Brewing CompanyBREWERY, PUB ( %01584-873291; www.theludlowbrewingcompany.co.uk; The Railway Shed, Station Dr; h10am-5pm Mon-Thu, to 6pm Fri, to 4pm Sat) Up an inconspicuous laneway, the Ludlow Brewing Company produces award-winning brews and sells directly from the brewery and its airy, post-industrial-style bar. Hour-long tours run at 3pm Monday to Friday and 2pm Saturday (£6 including three half-pints). Church InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thechurchinnludlow.com; Buttercross; h10am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, to 11pm Sun) The hop-strewn Church Inn is a cosy little escape with a pulpit at the bar. It's tucked away on the narrow lane beside the old butter market. Wheatsheaf InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-wheatsheaf-inn.co.uk; Lower Broad St; hnoon-11pm) Under the medieval Broadgate, the quiet little Wheatsheaf Inn has a good choice of local ales. Ludlow Assembly RoomsCINEMA ( %01584-878141; www.ludlowassemblyrooms.co.uk; adult standard/balcony £6.50/7, child £4/5) Overlooking the market square, Ludlow Assembly Rooms double as the town cinema. 7Shopping Delis, independent butchers and artisan bakers cluster around the market square and the surrounding lanes. Ludlow MarketMARKET (www.ludlowmarket.co.uk; hMon, Wed, Fri & Sat) Ludlow Market takes place on the market square on the site of the old Victorian town hall, demolished overnight in 1986. Ludlow Food CentreFOOD & DRINK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-856000; www.ludlowfoodcentre.co.uk; off Bromfield Rd, Bromfield; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Wed & Sat, to 6.30pm Thu & Fri, to 4.30pm Sun) S More than 80% of the cheeses, meats, breads, fruit and vegetables are sourced from the surrounding region and tantalisingly displayed at this enormous farm shop stocking some 4000 products in all. Watch through viewing windows to see traditional preserves, pies, ice cream and more being made. It's signposted 4 miles northwest of Ludlow off Bromfield Rd (the A49). Produce is utilised by the adjoining cafe/restaurant, the Ludlow Kitchen ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ludlowkitchen.co.uk; off Bromfield Rd, Bromfield; breakfast £3.50-10, lunch mains £7-10, dinner mains £7-15; h9am-5pm Mon & Tue, 9am-5pm & 6.30-10pm Wed-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01584-875053; www.ludlow.org.uk; Castle Sq; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Sep, to 4pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) Contains a small local-history museum (adult/child £1/free). 8Getting There & Around Bus 435 runs to Shrewsbury (£4.50, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday) via Church Stretton (£2.70, 40 minutes). From mid-April to September, the Castle Connect Shuttle links Ludlow with Bishop's Castle (Day Rover ticket/single £7/1.30, 1¼, three daily). Trains run frequently from the station on the north edge of town to Hereford (£9.50, 25 minutes, half-hourly) and Shrewsbury (£14.20, 30 minutes, half-hourly) via Church Stretton (£6.80, 20 minutes). Hire bikes from Wheely Wonderful ( %01568-770755; www.wheelywonderfulcycling.co.uk; Petchfield Farm; adult/child bikes per day from £20/10; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, by reservation Sun Apr-Oct), 5 miles west of Ludlow. ## Nottinghamshire Say Nottinghamshire and people think of one thing – Robin Hood. Whether the hero woodsman existed is hotly debated, but the county plays up its connections to the outlaw. Storytelling seems to be in Nottinghamshire's blood – local wordsmiths include provocative writer DH Lawrence, of _Lady Chatterley's Lover_ fame, and hedonist poet Lord Byron. The city of Nottingham is the bustling hub, but venture into the surrounding countryside and you'll discover historic towns and stately homes surrounding the green bower of Sherwood Forest. 8Information Experience NottinghamshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.experiencenottinghamshire.com) 8Getting There & Around National Express and Trent Barton ( %01773-712265; www.trentbarton.co.uk) buses provide the majority of bus services. See Traveline ( %0871 200 2233; www.travelineeastmidlands.co.uk) for timetables. Trains run frequently to most large towns, and many smaller villages in the Peak District. ### Nottingham Pop 289,300 Forever associated with men in tights and a sheriff with anger-management issues – aka the Robin Hood legend – Nottingham is a dynamic county capital with big-city aspirations, atmospheric historical sights, and a buzzing music and club scene thanks to its spirited student population. Nottingham 1Top Sights 1Nottingham Castle & Art GalleryA4 1Sights 2City of CavesC3 3Galleries of JusticeD3 4Museum of Nottingham Life at Brewhouse YardB4 5Nottingham ContemporaryC3 6St Mary's ChurchD3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 7Bunneys BikesC4 4Sleeping 8Hart'sA3 9Lace Market HotelD3 5Eating 10Alley Cafe BarB1 11Aubrey's Traditional CrêperieA1 12Delilah Fine FoodsC2 Hart's RestaurantA3 13MemsaabA2 MerchantsD3 6Drinking & Nightlife 14BoilermakerD2 15Brass MonkeyD3 16Canal HouseC4 17Cock & HoopD3 DragonB1 18Malt CrossB2 19NG1D1 20Pit & PendulumC2 21Rocket@SaltwaterB1 22StealthB1 23TiltC2 24Ye Olde Trip to JerusalemB4 3Entertainment 25Broadway CinemaD2 26Nottingham PlayhouseA2 27Rock CityA1 28Theatre Royal & Royal Concert HallB1 7Shopping 29Victoria Shopping CentreC1 #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### EZEKIAL BONE AKA ADE ANDREWS _Ade Andrews is a writer, actor, producer and tour guide._ **Your background?** I did a history degree and worked as a Heritage Ranger at Sherwood Forest, then set up Ezekial Bone Tours to deconstruct the Robin Hood myths and focus on the historic building blocks. **Did Robin Hood actually exist?** He's a composite hero: many real outlaws in the medieval period were woven together over time by minstrels and storytellers. St Mary's Church is mentioned in the 1450 _Ballad of Robin Hood and the Monk,_ and **Old Market Sq** in _Robin Hood and the Potter_ circa 1500. It was only at the end of the 16th century that playwright Antony Munday elevated Robin Hood from a yeoman to a displaced Saxon earl as a symbol of the gentry's dissatisfaction with the Crown. **Robin Hood's relevance in the 21st century?** Robin Hood was an original ecowarrior in harmony with the land. I want to put him on the pedestal he deserves – as a figurehead of culture and the environment. **Best places to experience Nottingham's history?** The Lace Market area, the City of Caves, Nottingham Castle and Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem. 1Sights & Activities oNottingham Castle & Art GalleryCASTLE, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-876 1400; www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/nottinghamcastle; adult/child £5.50/4, Mortimer's Hole tours £3/free; h10am-5pm daily mid-Feb–Oct, 10am-4pm Wed-Sun Nov–mid-Feb, Mortimer's Hole tours 11am, 1pm, 2pm & 3pm) Nottingham's namesake castle crowns a sandstone outcrop worm-holed with caves and tunnels. The original castle was founded by William the Conqueror and held by a succession of English kings before falling in the English Civil War. Its 17th-century manor-house-like replacement contains a local-history museum and an art gallery. Burrowing through the bedrock, the underground passageway **Mortimer's Hole** emerges at Brewhouse Yard, where you can visit five atmospheric 17th-century cottages housing the Museum of Nottingham Life at Brewhouse Yard ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-876 1400; www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk; Castle Blvd; adult/child £2.50/free; hnoon-4pm Sat & Sun year-round). In 1330 supporters of Edward III used Mortimer's Hole to breach the castle security and capture Roger Mortimer, the machiavellian earl of March, who briefly appointed himself ruler of England after deposing Edward II. City of CavesCAVE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-988 1955; www.cityofcaves.com; adult/child £7.50/5.50, incl Galleries of Justice £12.75/9.75; h10.30am-5pm) Over the centuries, the sandstone underneath Nottingham has been carved into a honeycomb of caverns and passageways. Audio tours (Monday to Friday) and performance tours (weekends and school holidays) lead you from the top level of the Broadmarsh shopping centre through a WWII air-raid shelter, a medieval underground tannery, several pub cellars and a mock-up of a Victorian slum dwelling. Book ahead. Galleries of JusticeMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-952 0555; www.galleriesofjustice.org.uk; High Pavement; adult/child £9.50/7.50, incl City of Caves £12.75/9.75; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun, tours 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, 10.30am-4.30pm Sat & Sun) In the grand Georgian Shire Hall, the Galleries of Justice offers a ghoulish stroll through centuries of British justice, including medieval trials by fire and water. Audio tours run on Mondays and Tuesdays; live-action tours with 'gaolers' run from Wednesday to Sunday (daily during school holidays). Nottingham ContemporaryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-948 9755; www.nottinghamcontemporary.org; Weekday Cross; h10am-7pm Tue-Fri, to 6pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) F Behind its lace-patterned concrete facade, Nottingham Contemporary holds edgy, design-driven exhibitions of paintings, prints, photography and sculpture. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nottinghamchurches.org; High Pavement; h10am-3pm Mon-Sat) The most atmospheric time to visit this historic church dating from Saxon times is during evensong at 6.15pm. National Ice CentreSKATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0843 373 3000; www.national-ice-centre.com; Bolero Sq; skating £6, skate hire £2) On Bolero Sq (named for Nottingham skaters Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean's iconic 1984 gold-medal-winning routine) lies the UK's first ice centre with twin Olympic-sized (60m x 30m) rinks. The complex incorporates the East Midland's premier entertainment venue, the **Capital FM Arena** , which hosts sporting fixtures, competitions and performances. Daily skating session times are posted online. #### DON'T MISS ### WOLLATON HALL Wollaton HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk; Wollaton Park, Derby Rd; parking per 3hr/day £2/4, tours adult/child £5/3; h10am-5pm daily mid-Feb–Oct, 11am-4pm Thu-Mon Nov–mid-Feb, tours 11am, 2pm & 3pm) F Built in 1588 for land owner and coal mogul Sir Francis Willoughby by avant-garde architect Robert Smythson, fabulous Wollaton Hall sits within 200 hectares of grounds roamed by fallow and red deer. Along with extravagant rooms from the Tudor, Regency and Victorian periods, there's a natural history museum and industrial museum. Wollaton Hall is 2.5 miles west of Nottingham city centre; take bus 30 or 2 from Victoria bus station (£2, 15 minutes, every 15 minutes Monday to Saturday, half-hourly Sunday). The hall starred as Wayne Manor in 2012's Batman film _The Dark Knight Rises_. TTours oEzekial Bone ToursWALKING TOUR ( %07941 210986; www.bonecorporation.co.uk; Robin Hood Town Tours adult/child £12/7, Guts & Gore tours £7; hSat May-Sep) Entertaining history tours are led by Nottingham's 'modern day Robin Hood' Ezekial Bone, aka Ade Andrews. In addition to the 2½-hour Robin Hood town tours, Bone/Andrews runs regular 80-minute Guts & Gore ghost tours, plus Robin Hood Sherwood Forest tours and various other walks year-round by request. Over 10s only. Nottingham PrincessCRUISE ( %0115-910 0400; www.princessrivercruises.co.uk; 2/3hr cruises from £14.85/16.35) Lunch, afternoon tea and dinner (and dance) cruises along the River Trent. zFestivals & Events Nottingham hosts an intriguing selection of festivals – search events online at www.experiencenottinghamshire.com. SplendourMUSIC (www.splendourfestival.com; hmid-Jul) The city's biggest live-music festival. Goose FairCULTURAL (www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk; hOct) Early October's medieval Goose Fair has evolved from a travelling market to a modern funfair. Robin Hood Beer & Cider FestivalFOOD & DRINK (www.beerfestival.nottinghamcamra.org; hOct) In the castle grounds, this tasting festival in early October features more than 1000 beers and 200 ciders. Robin Hood PageantCULTURAL (www.experiencenottinghamshire.com; hOct) This family-friendly pageant takes place in late October. 4Sleeping Igloo Backpackers HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-947 5250; www.igloohostel.co.uk; 110 Mansfield Rd; dm/d from £16/44; W) A favourite with international backpackers, this independent hostel is opposite the Golden Fleece pub and a 24-hour supermarket (handy for the self-catering kitchen). As well as its private-room Annexe, a spiffing new Pods building has private rooms with retro-vintage furniture, grafitti murals, memory foam mattresses and flatscreen TVs. oLace Market HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-852 3232; www.lacemarkethotel.co.uk; 29-31 High Pavement; s/d incl breakfast from £65/85; p a W) Within an elegant Georgian town house in the heart of the trendy Lace Market, sleek rooms have state-of-the-art furnishings and amenities; some have air-conditioning. Its fine-dining restaurant, Merchants, and adjoining genteel pub, the Cock & Hoop ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-852 3231; 25 High Pavement; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri, to 1am Sat, to 10.30pm Sun), are both superb. Greenwood Lodge City Guest HouseB&B ( %0115-962 1206; www.greenwoodlodgecityguesthouse.co.uk; Third Ave, Sherwood Rise; s/d from £51.50/86.50; p W) A gorgeous B&B set in a large Victorian house north of the centre. The location is quiet; the house and frilly rooms are full of period character; and there's a pretty courtyard garden. Children under 10 aren't permitted. Hart'sBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-988 1900; www.hartsnottingham.co.uk; Standard Hill, Park Row; d from £125; p i W) Within the former Nottingham General Hospital compound, the city's swishest hotel has ultracontemporary rooms in a striking modernist building, and its renowned restaurant ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-988 1900; www.hartsnottingham.co.uk; Standard Hill, Park Row; mains £15-29.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-10pm; v) is housed in a historic red-brick wing. Work out in the small gym or unwind in the private garden. 5Eating Nottingham reputedly has more restaurants, pubs and bars per square mile than anywhere else in Europe. oDelilah Fine FoodsDELI, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.delilahfinefoods.co.uk; 12 Victoria St; dishes £6-11; h8am-7pm Mon-Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) S Impeccably selected cheeses (more than 150 varieties), pâtés, meats and more from artisan producers are available to take away or eat on-site at this gourmand's dream, housed in a grand former bank with mezzanine seating. Aubrey's Traditional CrêperieCREPERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.aubreystraditionalcreperie.com; 14-16 West End Arcade; dishes £2.75-7.50; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat) Traditional down to its savoury galettes made with buckwheat flour, its sweet crêpes including salted caramel and its Breton ciders, this little hole-in-the-wall is a charming spot for an inexpensive lunch. Alongside the classics, there are galettes you'll never see in Brittany, such as smoked tofu (with balsamic and plum chutney, beetroot, walnuts, baby spinach and orange zest) too. Alley Cafe BarVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-955 1013; www.alleycafe.co.uk; 1a Cannon Ct; mains £5.50-8; h11am-9pm Mon & Tue, to 1am Wed-Sat, noon-5pm Sun; v) S Down a narrow alleyway, this beat-spinning hippie haven serves dishes such as tofu, tempeh and hemp-seed burgers alongside organic beers, wines and ciders. It hosts events such as open-mic nights and exhibits local art. MemsaabINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-957 0009; www.mem-saab.co.uk; 12-14 Maid Marian Way; mains £8.50-19; h5.30-10.30pm Mon-Thu, to 11pm Fri & Sat, 5-10pm Sun) The best of the glamorous modern Indian eateries on Maid Marian Way, Memsaab serves fabulous regional specialities in dinner-date friendly surroundings. MerchantsGASTRONOMIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-852 3232; www.thefinessecollection.com; 29-31 High Pavement; mains £19-30; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Tue-Thu, noon-2pm & 6-10pm Fri, noon-4pm & 6-10pm Sat) A stunning, coffered-ceilinged dining room sets the stage for some of Nottingham's finest dining. Knock-out combinations include smoked eels and pork-belly risotto with lime gel, crackling lollypop, wasabi caviar, and flower and citrus salad. Follow up with desserts such as butternut-squash bavarois with candied purée, basil ice cream and a black-pepper cookie. Restaurant Sat BainsGASTRONOMIC ( %0115-986 6566; www.restaurantsatbains.com; Lenton Lane; tasting menu £75-99; hnoon-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Thu, noon-2pm & 6.30-9.30pm Fri, noon-2pm & 6-10pm Sat; v) Two miles southwest of the centre off the A52, chef Sat Bains has been awarded two Michelin stars for his wildly inventive Modern European cooking. Book well in advance and beware of hefty cancellation charges. It also has eight chic guest rooms (double from £129). 6Drinking & Nightlife Weekends in Nottingham are boisterous affairs, when the streets throng with lads on stag nights, girls on hens' parties, student revellers and intoxicated grown-ups who really should know better, but there are plenty of low-key alternatives. oYe Olde Trip to JerusalemPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-947 3171; www.triptojerusalem.com; Brewhouse Yard, Castle Rd; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat) Carved into the cliff below the castle, this atmospheric alehouse claims to be England's oldest pub. Founded in 1189, it supposedly slaked the thirst of departing crusaders, and its rooms and cobbled courtyards are still the most ambient place in Nottingham for a pint. Book informal tours (£2.50) of its cellars and caves at least two weeks ahead. BoilermakerCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://boilermakerbar.co.uk; 36b Carlton St, Hockley; h5pm-1am Mon-Sat, 7pm-1am Sun) Entering what appears to be an industrial boilermaker's shop and navigating your way through two secret doors brings you into this cavernous speakeasy spinning chilled lounge music. The obligatory table service can be slow, and the lighting's so low it's hard to read the inventive cocktails listed (eg Cereal Killer, with rum-soaked cornflakes), but it's a unique-and-then-some experience. DragonPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-dragon.co.uk; 67 Long Row; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, noon-1am Fri & Sat, 11am-10pm Sun) The Dragon has a fabulous atmosphere at any time, thanks to homemade food, a good beer garden and funky music on weekends. But it peaks from 8pm on Tuesdays when it hosts the Racing Room (race entry £5) – an awesome Scalextric slot-car race around a scale model of Nottingham along 180 feet of track. TiltCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tiltbar.co.uk; 9 Pelham St; h5pm-midnight Tue-Thu, to 1.30am Fri & Sat) This tiny 1st-floor cocktail bar serves up a brilliant array of live blues offerings as well as cocktails that are giving their competition (in Nottingham, that's a lot of bars) a run for their money. House specialities include a Blues Blazer (cognac and Drambuie flamed with vanilla sugar and orange peel). Pit & PendulumPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eerie-pubs.co.uk/pit-pendulum; 17 Victoria St; hnoon-11pm Sun & Mon, to midnight Tue-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat; W) Local goths flock to this dimly lit pub for the vampire vibe and theatrical decor (push the floor-to-ceiling basement 'bookcase' to reach the toilets), as well as 'seven deadly sins' cocktails and occasional live music. Brass MonkeyBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brassmonkeybar.co.uk; High Pavement; h5pm-3am Mon-Sat, 8pm-3am Sun) Nottingham's original cocktail bar rocks the Lace Market with DJ sets and quirky takes on favourites such as elderflower mojitos. The roof terrace gets packed on summer evenings. Rocket@SaltwaterBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-924 2664; www.rocketrestaurants.co.uk; The Cornerhouse, Forman St; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat, to 11pm Sun) Slick hipster rooftop bar and restaurant with a great open-air terrace. Canal HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-955 5060; http://thecanalhouse.co.uk; 48-52 Canal St; h11am-11pm Mon-Wed, to midnight Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) The best of the canal-front pubs, run by the independent Castle Rock Brewery, and split in two by a watery inlet. Malt CrossPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.maltcross.com; 16 St James's St; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, noon-6pm Sun) A fine place for a pint in a stately old Victorian music hall, where past performers included Charlie Chaplin. It's now a community space run by the Christian Charity Trust hosting art exhibitions and live music. NG1GAY, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-958 8440; www.ng1club.co.uk; 76-80 Lower Parliament St; h11pm-4am Wed, to 6am Fri, to 6.30am Sat, to 4am Sun) Gay-friendly mixed club NG1 is unpretentious, hedonistic fun, with two dance floors belting out house, electro, pop and more. StealthCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 413 4444; www.stealthattack.co.uk; Masonic Pl, Goldsmith St; h10pm-5am Fri & Sat) An underground club for those who like their bass heavy and their beats supercharged. The attached Rescue Rooms has a varied line-up of live bands and DJs. 3Entertainment Theatre Royal & Royal Concert HallTHEATRE, LIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-989 5555; www.trch.co.uk; Theatre Sq; hbooking office 9.30am-8.30pm Mon-Sat, 1hr before performance Sun) Sharing the same building and booking office, the Theatre Royal and Royal Concert Hall host musicals, touring theatre shows and veteran music acts. Backstage tours can be arranged (£6, 90 minutes). Rock CityLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 413 4444; www.rock-city.co.uk; 8 Talbot St) This monster venue hosts everything from Goth rock and Midlands metal to Northern Soul. Rescue RoomsLIVE MUSIC ( %0115-828 3173; www.rescuerooms.com; h4pm-3am) Attached to Stealth nightclub; has a varied line-up of live bands and DJs. Nottingham PlayhouseTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-941 9419; www.nottinghamplayhouse.co.uk; Wellington Circus) Beside Anish Kapoor's enormous _Sky Mirror_ dish, the Playhouse puts on serious theatre, from stage classics to the avant-garde. Nottingham's artistic community congregates at its attached restaurant and bar. Broadway CinemaCINEMA, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.broadway.org.uk; 14-18 Broad St) Artistic hub with an independent cinema, media arts gallery and a cafe-bar where you can actually hear yourself talk. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 477 5678; www.experiencenottinghamshire.com; The Exchange, 1-4 Smithy Row; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat year-round, 11am-5pm Sun late Jul-Aug & mid-late Dec) Friendly office with racks of info and Robin Hood merchandise. 8Getting There & Away Air East Midlands Airport is about 18 miles south of Nottingham; Skylink buses pass the airport (one-way/return £5/8, one hour, at least hourly, 24 hours). Bus Local services run from the Victoria bus station, behind the Victoria Shopping Centre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Lower Parliament St) on Milton St. Bus 100 runs to Southwell (£4.15, 50 minutes, every 20 minutes Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday) and bus 90 to Newark (£4.90, 55 minutes, hourly, every two hours Sunday). Long-distance buses operate from the dingy Broadmarsh bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Collin St). Frequent National Express services include the following: A **Birmingham** £10.60, 2¼ hours, five daily A **Derby** £6.80, 40 minutes, seven daily A **Leicester** £4.80, 45 minutes, every 20 minutes A **London Victoria** £13, 3½ hours, 11 daily Train The train station is just south of the town centre. Useful services include the following: A **Derby** £6.60, 25 minutes, four hourly A **Lincoln** £10.60, one hour, hourly A **London** **King's Cross/St Pancras** £23.50, two hours, half-hourly A **Manchester** £21.50, two hours, two per hour 8Getting Around For information on buses within Nottingham, call Nottingham City Transport ( %0115-950 6070; www.nctx.co.uk). A Kangaroo ticket gives you unlimited travel on buses and trams within the city for £4.20. The single tram line operated by Nottingham Express Transit (www.thetram.net; single/day from £2/3.50) runs from Nottingham train station to Hucknall, passing close to Broadmarsh bus station, the tourist office and Theatre Royal. Bunneys Bikes ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0115-947 2713; www.bunneysbikes.com; 97 Carrington St; per day £12.99; h9am-5.30pm Mon, Thu & Fri, 8am-5.30pm Tue, 9am-7pm Wed, 10am-5pm Sat) is near the train station. Hire bicycles are also available from Nottingham's tourist office and Broadmarsh bus station for £4 per day through a Nottingham City Council bike-share scheme. Bonus: hire includes unlimited use of Nottingham city buses, trams and trains. ### Around Nottingham #### Newstead Abbey Newstead AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01623-455900; www.newsteadabbey.org.uk; adult/child £5/1, garden only £1; hhouse noon-4pm Sat & Sun, garden 9am-dusk) The evocative lakeside ruins of Newstead Abbey are inextricably associated with the original tortured romantic, Lord Byron (1788–1824), who owned the house until 1817. Founded as an Augustinian priory in around 1170, it was converted into a residence in 1539. Newstead Abbey is 12 miles north of Nottingham, off the A60. Pronto buses from Victoria bus station stop at Newstead Abbey gates (£3.10, 25 minutes, every 10 minutes Monday to Saturday, half-hourly Sunday), a mile from the house and gardens. Byron's old living quarters are full of suitably eccentric memorabilia, and the landscaped grounds include a monument to his yappy dog, Boatswain. #### Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve If Robin Hood wanted to hide out in Sherwood Forest today, he'd have to disguise himself and the Merry Men as day-trippers on mountain bikes. Now covering just 182 hectares of old-growth forest, it's nevertheless a major destination for Nottingham city dwellers. Until a proposed new visitor centre opens, the Sherwood Forest visitor centre (www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk; Swinecote Rd, Edwinstowe; parking £3; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar), on the B6034, is an uninspiring collection of faded late 20th-century buildings housing cafes, gift shops et al. It's the departure point for walking trails passing Sherwood Forest landmarks such as the **Major Oak** (1 mile return), a broad-boughed oak tree (propped up by supporting rods) alleged to have sheltered Robin of Locksley. 2Activities For informative guided walks try Ezekial Bone Tours. Sherwood Pines CyclesCYCLING ( %01623-822855; www.sherwoodpinescycles.co.uk; Sherwood Pines Forest Park, Clipstone; bike hire adult/child per hr £8/7, per day £24/18; h9am-5pm Thu-Tue, to 7pm Wed) In the Sherwood Pines Forest Park woodlands area, 2 miles south of Sherwood Forest on the B6030, Sherwood Pines Cycles rents mountain bikes for exploring the area's trails. zFestivals & Events Robin Hood FestivalCULTURAL (www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk; hAug) The week-long Robin Hood Festival is a massive medieval re-enactment that takes place every August. 4Sleeping Sherwood Forest YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9139; www.yha.org.uk; Forest Corner; dm/d £13/39; p) An arrow's flight from the visitor centre, Sherwood Forest YHA is a modern hostel with comfortable dorms, a bar, a self-catering kitchen and meals. 8Getting There & Away From Nottingham, take the Sherwood Arrow bus (£3.50, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). ### Southwell Pop 6760 A graceful scattering of grand, wisteria-draped country houses, Southwell is straight out of the pages of a novel from the English Romantic period. 1Sights Southwell MinsterCHURCH (www.southwellminster.org; suggested donation £5; h8am-7pm) Rising from the village centre, the awe-inspiring Southwell Minster, built over Saxon and Roman foundations, blends 12th- and 13th-century features including zigzag doorframes and curved arches. Its chapterhouse features some unusual stained glass and detailed carvings of faces, animals and leaves of forest trees. Southwell WorkhouseMUSEUM (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Upton Rd; adult/child £7.70/3.85; hnoon-4pm Wed-Sun Mar-Oct) On the road to Newark, Southwell Workhouse is a sobering reminder of the tough life faced by paupers in the 19th century. You can explore the factory floors and workers' chambers accompanied by an audioguide narrated by 'inmates' and 'officials'. 4Sleeping & Eating Enticing gourmet delis and tearooms line the village streets. Saracen's Head HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( %01636-812701; www.saracensheadhotel.com; Market Pl; s/d incl breakfast from £75/95, 2-/3-course menus £15.95/19.95; p W) This rambling, timbered coaching inn has 27 beautifully refurbished rooms and an oak-panelled restaurant. Mosedales BakeryBAKERY (7 King St; dishes £3-6.50; h9am-4pm Mon-Fri, 8.30am-4pm Sat, 9.30am-3pm Sun) Queues at this superb bakery regularly extend out the door. 8Getting There & Away Bus 100 runs from Nottingham (£4.15, 50 minutes, every 20 minutes, hourly on Sunday). For Newark-on-Trent, take bus 28 or 29 (£2.50, 20 minutes, half-hourly). ### Newark-on-Trent Pop 37,080 Newark-on-Trent paid the price for backing the wrong side in the English Civil War. After surviving four sieges by Oliver Cromwell's men, the town was ransacked by Roundheads when Charles I surrendered in 1646. Today, the riverside town is a peaceful place worth a stop to wander its castle ruins. 1Sights Newark CastleCASTLE (www.newark-sherwooddc.gov.uk/newarkcastle; Castlegate; grounds admission free, tours adult/child £3/1.50; h9am-6pm, tours 11am, 1pm & 3pm Wed & Fri-Sun) Set in a pretty park overlooking the River Trent, the ruins include an impressive Norman gate and a series of underground passages and chambers. The real King John, portrayed as a villain in the Robin Hood legend, died here in 1216. Contact the tourist office about tours. Newark Air MuseumMUSEUM ( %01636-707170; www.newarkairmuseum.org; adult/child £7.50/4; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) About 2 miles east of Newark by the Winthorpe Showground, this air museum has an impressive collection of aircraft, including a fearsome Vulcan bomber. 5Eating & Drinking Old Bakery Tea RoomsTEAROOM ( %01636-611501; www.oldbakerytearooms.co.uk; 4 Queens Head Ct; mains £6-12; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat; v) Everything, including to-die-for scones, is baked fresh on the premises at the Old Bakery Tea Rooms, housed in an enchanting _Hansel and Gretel_ –like 15th-century Tudor building. Lunch specials include soups, frittata, bruschetta and smoked-salmon brioche. Castle BargeBAR (www.castlebarge.co.uk; The Wharf; h11am-11pm) Moored on the River Trent overlooking Newark Castle, this barge is an idyllic spot for a local ale. It serves decent food, and there's picnic seating on the riverbanks. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01636-655765; www.newark-sherwooddc.gov.uk/newarkcastle; Gilstrap Centre, Castlegate; h10am-4pm) In the castle grounds; can help find accommodation. 8Getting There & Away Newark has two train stations. Trains on the East Coast Main Line between London King's Cross (£25, two hours, one to two hourly) and the north stop at Newark North Gate, while East Midlands trains between Leicester (£12.40, two hours, hourly), Nottingham (£6.10, one hour, hourly) and Lincoln (£4.90, 50 minutes, hourly) stop at Newark Castle station. Bus 90 runs hourly to Nottingham (£4.90, 55 minutes, every two hours Sunday). ## Lincolnshire One of the most sparsely populated corners of England, Lincolnshire's farmland unfolds over low hills and the pancake-flat Fens. It is dotted with windmills and, more recently, wind turbines. Surrounding the charming county town of Lincoln you'll find seaside resorts, scenic waterways, serene nature reserves and stone-built towns tailor-made for English period dramas. 2Activities The 140-mile **Viking Way** walking trail snakes across the gentle hills of the Lincolnshire Wolds from the banks of the River Humber to Oakham in Leicestershire. Cyclists can find information on routes across the county in any of the local tourist offices; the **Water Rail Way** is a flat, sculpture-lined on-road cycling route that follows the River Witham through classic Fens countryside between Lincoln and Boston. 8Information Visit LincolnshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitlincolnshire.com) 8Getting There & Around East Midlands trains connect Lincoln, Newark Castle and Nottingham. Newark North Gate and Grantham lie on the East Coast Main Line between London King's Cross and Edinburgh. Local buses link Lincolnshire's towns but services are slow and infrequent. Check the transport pages at www.lincolnshire.gov.uk, which also has cycling route info. ### LINCOLNSHIRE: BOMBER COUNTY Following WWI the Royal Air Force (RAF) was formed in 1918 and two years later its college was established in Lincolnshire. During WWII, England's 'Bomber County' was home to numerous squadrons and by 1945 had more airfields (49) than any other in the country. US Navy flying boats flew antisubmarine patrols and B-29 bombers were based here. Lincoln's tourist office has details of the county's aviation legacy. Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Visitor CentreMUSEUM ( %01522-552222; www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/bbmf; Dogdyke Rd, Coningsby; hangar tours adult/child £6.50/4.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri) F See Spitfires and the four-engined _Lancaster City of Lincoln_ at the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Visitor Centre on 90-minute hangar tours. Interconnect bus 5 (£3.95, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) runs here from Lincoln. Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage CentreHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01790-763207; www.lincsaviation.co.uk; East Kirkby, near Spilsby; adult/child £7/3; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Easter) Sited on an original WWII Bomber Command airfield complete with its original wartime control tower. It's 30 miles southeast of Lincoln via the A153; there's no public transport. Waddington Air ShowAIR SHOW (www.waddingtonairshow.co.uk; hJul) The RAF's Waddington Air Show takes place 3 miles south of Lincoln on the first weekend in July. Book well ahead. ### Lincoln Pop 100,160 Ringed by historic city gates – including the Newport Arch on Bailgate, a relic from the original Roman settlement – this beautiful city is a tangle of cobbled medieval streets surrounding its colossal 12th-century cathedral. The lanes that topple over the edge of Lincoln Cliff are lined with Tudor town houses, ancient pubs and quirky independent stores. Flanking the River Witham at the base of the hill, the new town is less absorbing, but the revitalised Brayford Waterfront development by the university is an idyllic spot to watch the boats go by. Lincoln 1Top Sights 1Lincoln CastleC2 2Lincoln CathedralD2 1Sights 3Bishops' PalaceD2 4CollectionC3 5Ellis MillB1 6Museum of Lincolnshire LifeB1 7Usher GalleryD2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 8Brayford BelleB4 9Ghost WalksC2 Walking ToursC2 4Sleeping 10Bail HouseC1 11Castle HotelC1 12White Hart HotelC2 5Eating 13Bronze PigC3 14Brown's Pie ShopC2 15Jew's HouseC2 16La Bottega DelitaliaC3 ReformC1 Wig & MitreC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 17Cloud BarC1 18Electric Bar & RestaurantB3 19Strugglers InnB1 3Entertainment 20Home NightclubC3 21Lincoln Drill HallC3 1Sights The tourist office sells the three-day **Visit Lincoln Pass** (adult/family £12/35), giving access to several heritage sites including the castle, cathedral and Bishops' Palace. oLincoln CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-561600; http://lincolncathedral.com; Minster Yard; adult/child £8/1 Mon-Sat, by donation Sun; h7.15am-8pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun, evensong 5.30pm Mon-Sat, 3.45pm Sun) Towering over Lincoln like a medieval skyscraper, Lincoln's magnificent cathedral is a breathtaking representation of divine power on earth. The great tower rising above the crossing is the third-highest in England at 83m, but in medieval times, a lead-encased wooden spire added a further 79m, topping even the great pyramids of Giza. One-hour **guided tours** take place at least twice daily; there are less-frequent tours of the roof and the tower. All are included in admission; booking is essential. The vast interior of the church is too large for modern congregations – services take place instead in **St Hugh's Choir** , a church within a church running east from the crossing. The choir stalls are accessed through a magnificent carved stone screen; look north to see the stunning rose window known as the Dean's Eye (c 1192), mirrored to the south by the floral flourishes of the Bishop's Eye (1330). There's more stained glass in the three Services Chapels in the North Transept. Beyond St Hugh's Choir, the **Angel Choir** is supported by 28 columns topped by carvings of angels and foliate scrollwork. Other interesting details include the 10-sided **chapterhouse** – where Edward I held his parliament and where the climax of the _Da Vinci Code_ was filmed in 2005. The best time to hear the organ resounding through the cathedral is during **evensong**. oLincoln CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/lincolncastle; adult/child £2/1.20; h10am-6pm May-Aug, to 5pm Apr & Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) One of the first castles erected by the victorious William the Conqueror to keep his new kingdom in line, Lincoln Castle offers awesome views over the city and miles of surrounding countryside. Highlights include the chance to view one of the four surviving copies of the **Magna Carta** (dated 1215) and the grim **Victorian prison chapel** , from when this was the county jailhouse and execution ground. Free 75-minute **guided tours** run once or twice daily (on weekends only in December and January). Bishops' PalaceHISTORIC SITE (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-527468; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.70/2.80; h10am-6pm Wed-Sun Apr-Sep, to 5pm Wed-Sun Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Beside Lincoln Cathedral lie the time-ravaged but still imposing ruins of the 12th-century Bishops' Palace, gutted by parliamentary forces during the Civil War. From here, the local bishops once controlled a diocese stretching from the Humber to the Thames. Entertaining audioguides are included in admission. CollectionMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thecollectionmuseum.com; Danes Tce; h10am-4pm, from 10.45am 1st Mon of month) F Archaeology bursts into life with loads of hands-on displays. Kids can handle artefacts and dress up in period costume. Check out the crushed skull of a 4000-year-old 'yellowbelly' (the local term for, well, the locals), pulled from a Neolithic burial site near Sleaford. Usher GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thecollectionmuseum.com; Danes Tce; h10am-4pm, from 10.45am 1st Mon of month) F A handsome Edwardian building decorated with carvings of cow skulls houses an impressive collection of works by greats such as Turner, Lowry and English watercolourist Peter de Wint (1784–1849). Museum of Lincolnshire LifeMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Old Barracks, Burton Rd; h10am-4pm daily Apr-Sep, closed Sun Oct-Mar) F Displays at this charming community museum housed in an old Victorian barracks span everything from Victorian farm implements to the tin-can tank built in Lincoln for WWI. Around the corner from the museum is the cute little Ellis Mill ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lincolnshire.gov.uk; Mill Rd; h2-5pm Sat & Sun Apr-Sep, 2pm-dusk Sun Oct-Mar), which ground the town's flour in the 18th century and is still in use today. ### MINIMISING LINCOLN'S HILLS Walking between Lincoln's old and new towns can feel like an Everest expedition, but fortunately there are alternatives. Walk & RideBUS (single ticket adult/child £1.50/70p, all-day pass £3/1.60; h9.10am-5.22pm Mon-Sat) Lincoln's 'Little Green Bus' runs every 20 minutes from the Stonebow at the corner of High St and Saltergate to the cathedral and Newport Arch, then back via Brayford Waterfront and the train station. Tour LincolnBUS TOUR (adult/child £10/4; h10am-3pm Jul & Aug, 10am-3pm Sat & Sun Mar-May & Jun-Oct) To tour the city in comfort, hop aboard the open-topped Tour Lincoln bus. Tickets are sold at the tourist office and on board. Tours last one hour; tickets are valid all day. TTours Walking ToursWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-521256; www.lincolnguidedtours.co.uk; adult/child £4/free; htours 11am daily Jul & Aug, Sat & Sun Jun, Sep & Oct) History-focused 90-minute guided walking tours run from outside the tourist office. Ghost WalksWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-874056; adult/child £4/2; h7pm Wed-Sat year-round) Genuinely spooky 75-minute ghost walks depart adjacent to the tourist office in Castle Sq. Brayford BelleBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-881200; www.lincolnboattrips.co.uk; adult/child £6.50/4) Boat trips along the River Witham and Fossdyke Navigation, a canal system dating back to Roman times, start from Brayford Waterfront. The _Brayford Belle_ runs five times daily from Easter to September, and weekends only in October. No credit cards. 4Sleeping oCastle HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-538801; www.castlehotel.net; Westgate; s £90, d £110-140, incl breakfast; p W) Each of the 18 rooms at this boutique hotel have been exquisitely refurbished in olive, truffle and oyster tones. Built on the site of Lincoln's Roman forum in 1852, the red-brick building's incarnations variously include a school and WWII lookout station. Take advantage of the great-value dinner, bed and breakfast deals linked to its award-winning restaurant Reform. Bail HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-541000; http://bailhouse.jpchotelsandleisure.co.uk; 34 Bailgate; d from £79; p i W s) Stone walls, worn flagstones, secluded gardens and one room with an extraordinary timber-vaulted ceiling are just some of the charms of this lovingly restored Georgian town house in central Lincoln. There's limited on-site parking, a garden and children's playground, and even a seasonal heated outdoor swimming pool. White Hart HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-526222; www.whitehart-lincoln.co.uk; Bailgate; s/d from £70/90; p i W) You can't get more venerable than this grand dame of Lincoln hotels, sandwiched between castle and cathedral, with a history dating back 600 years through flowing countrified rooms. 5Eating Tearooms are dotted along Steep Hill. Restaurant reservations are generally recommended in the evenings. La Bottega DelitaliaCAFE, DELI ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 9 West Pde; dishes £2.15-7.45; h9am-4pm Mon-Wed, to 9pm Thu & Fri, 8.30am-3pm Sat) Authentic Italian fare such as lobster ravioli in creamy tomato and basil sauce is made from scratch at this inexpensive cafe-deli. Cash only. ReformMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-538801; www.castlehotel.net; The Castle Hotel, Westgate; mains £13.50-23.95; hnoon-2.30pm & 7-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm & 7-9pm Sun) Inspired by local, seasonal produce, the Castle Hotel's sophisticated restaurant serves starters such as feta beignets with pomegranate and mint-and-coriander Israeli cous-cous, followed by mains such as pork confit with artichoke risotto and sage onion rings. The real showstoppers, however, are desserts such as warm plum-and-raspberry crumble tart with white-chocolate ice cream and quince purée. Bronze PigMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-524817; http://thebronzepig.co.uk; 6 West Pde; mains £15-24; hdinner by reservation Wed-Sat) BBC Masterchef 2012 finalist, Irishman Eamonn Hunt, and Sicilian chef Pompeo Siracusa have taken Lincoln's dining scene by storm since opening the Bronze Pig. Their exceptional Modern British cooking has an Italian accent and food is locally sourced. Reserve well ahead and prepare to be wowed. Brown's Pie ShopBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-527330; www.brownspieshop.co.uk; 33 Steep Hill; takeaway pies £1.50-3.50, lunch mains £9-12, dinner mains £10-25; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-8pm Sun) One of Lincoln's top tables, this long-established pie shop encompasses a smart upstairs dining room and cosy brick-lined basement. Hearty pies are stuffed with locally sourced beef, rabbit and game. Jew's HouseMODERN EUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-524851; www.jewshouserestaurant.co.uk; 15 The Strait (Steep Hill); 2-/3-course lunch menu £16.50/19.95, mains £15.50-21.50; h7-9.30pm Tue, noon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Wed-Sat) This local favourite serves up gourmet fare in atmospheric surrounds in one of England's oldest houses; the Romanesque Jew's House was constructed around 1160. For the ultimate indulgence, go for the six-course tasting menu (by reservation, £59.50). Wig & MitrePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wigandmitre.com; 30 Steep Hill; mains £10.50-14.50; h8.30am-10.30pm Mon-Sat, to 10pm Sun; c) Civilised pub-restaurant the Wig & Mitre has an excellent menu yet retains the ambience of a friendly local. Food is served throughout the day, from morning fry-ups to lunchtime sandwiches and filling evening roasts. Bookings not necessary. 6Drinking & Nightlife Strugglers InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 83 Westgate; hnoon-midnight Tue & Wed, to 1am Thu-Sat, to 11pm Sun & Mon) A sunny walled-courtyard beer garden out back, a cosy interior and a superb selection of real ales on tap make this the pick of Lincoln's independent pubs. Cloud BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 St Pauls Lane; h10.30am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat; W) The roof terrace at this new bar near Lincoln Cathedral is a winner on sunny days. Good tapas menu, too. Electric Bar & RestaurantBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-565182; www.electricbarandrestaurant.co.uk; 5th fl, DoubleTree by Hilton Lincoln, Brayford Wharf North; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat; W) On the top floor of Lincoln's snazzy four-star DoubleTree Hilton Hotel, this swish spot with glittering river views has a great cocktail list, regular live jazz and a restaurant serving sophisticated British dishes with a retro twist (such as ham-hock terrine and coconut-ice parfait). 3Entertainment Check www.lovelincoln.co.uk or www.visitlincolnshire.com for events listings. Lincoln Drill HallARTS CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lincolndrillhall.com; Freeschool Lane) Downhill from the station, this stern-looking building hosts bands, orchestras, stage shows, comedy and daytime festivals. Home NightclubLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://homelincoln.co.uk; Park St; h11.30am-11pm Mon & Wed, to 3am Tue & Thu-Sat, noon-3am Sun) Spread over six rooms with live music, dance tunes and a total of eight bars, this cavernous venue is home to Lincoln's students. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01522-545458; www.visitlincoln.com; 9 Castle Hill; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun) Friendly office in a handsome 16th-century building. 8Getting There & Away Bus National Express runs direct bus services from Lincoln to London Victoria (£19.60, 5¼ hours, two daily) and Birmingham (£16.80, three hours, daily). Local Stagecoach buses include bus 1 to Grantham (£4.40, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). Train A **Boston** £15.10, two hours, hourly, change at Sleaford A **Newark-on-Trent** (Newark Castle) £4.90, 25 minutes, every 15 minutes Monday to Saturday, 10 on Sunday A **Nottingham** £10.60, one hour, hourly A **Sheffield** £14.10, 80 minutes, hourly A **York** £36.30, two hours, two per hour #### WORTH A TRIP ### GRANTHAM & AROUND Grantham would be just another country town were it not for two famous 'yellowbellies' (as Lincolnshire locals call themselves) – Sir Isaac Newton and the late former prime minister Margaret Thatcher, the daughter of a humble Grantham greengrocer, who plied his trade at 2 North Pde. The town itself has just a few sights, but there are some fascinating properties in the surrounding countryside. oWoolsthorpe ManorMUSEUM (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Water Lane; adult/child £6.65/3.35; h11am-5pm Wed-Mon Mar-Oct, 11am-5pm Fri-Sun Nov-Feb) Newton fans may feel the gravitational pull of the great man's birthplace, about 8 miles south of Grantham. The 17th-century house contains reconstructions of Newton's rooms; the apple that inspired the theory of gravity allegedly fell from the tree in the garden. There's a nifty kids' science room and a cafe. Take Centrebus 28 from Grantham (£2.50, 25 minutes, four per day Monday to Saturday). Belvoir CastleCASTLE ( %01476-871001; www.belvoircastle.com; adult/child £15/8, gardens only £8/5; hcastle tours 11.15am, 1.15pm & 3.15pm Sun & Mon May-Aug, gardens 11am-5pm Sun & Mon May-Aug) The Duke and Duchess of Rutland's ancesteral home, Belvoir (pronounced 'beaver') is a 19th-century baroque and Gothic fantasy built over the ruins of three previous castles. Still inhabited by the Manners family, it overflows with tapestries, priceless furniture and ancient oil paintings. Belvoir Castle is technically in Leicestershire, but Grantham, 6 miles east, is the nearest town. Bus 9 (£1.60, 20 minutes, four per day Monday to Friday) stops at the Chequers Inn, from where it's a 20-minute walk. Chequers InnMODERN BRITISH ( %01476-870701; www.chequersinn.net; Main St, Woolsthorpe by Belvoir; mains £11-20; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm & 6-8.30pm Sun) Dine on some of the finest food in the Midlands in the rambling garden bordering a sheep-filled paddock or inside by the open fire of this charming inn, about 7 miles southwest of Grantham. There's a fabulous range of ciders and real ales on tap and, across the lane, the former stables house four simple but stylish guest rooms (single/double £50/70). The inn's sunny front patio overlooks Belvoir Castle. ### Stamford Pop 19,700 One of England's prettiest towns, Stamford seems frozen in time, with elegant streets lined with honey-coloured limestone buildings and hidden alleyways dotted with alehouses, interesting eateries and small independent boutiques. A forest of historic church spires rises overhead and the gently gurgling River Welland meanders through the town centre. It's a favourite with filmmakers seeking the postcard vision of England, and appears in everything from _Pride and Prejudice_ to the _Da Vinci Code_. 1Sights Simply strolling Stamford's streets is a delight. oBurghley HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (www.burghley.co.uk; adult/child incl sculpture garden £13/6.50, garden only £7.50/6.50; h11am-5pm Sat-Thu mid-Mar–late Oct) Lying just a mile south of Stamford, opulent Burghley House ('bur-lee') was built by Queen Elizabeth's chief adviser William Cecil, whose descendants still live here. Set in more than 810 hectares of grounds, landscaped by the famous Lancelot 'Capability' Brown, the house bristles with cupolas, pavilions, belvederes and chimneys. A particular highlight is the lavish staterooms. The renowned Burghley Horse Trials take place here in early September. Follow the marked path for 15 minutes through the park by Stamford train station. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH (http://stamfordstmary.weebly.com; St Mary's St; hhours vary) A charmingly wonky broach spire tops St Mary's Church. William Browne HospitalMUSEUM (Broad St; adult/child £2.50/1; h11am-4pm Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun May-Sep) Explore the 15th-century chapel and chambers of the medieval almshouse, William Browne Hospital. 4Sleeping Stamford LodgeB&B ( %01780-482932; www.stamfordlodge.co.uk; 66 Scotgate; s/d £65/85; W) Centrally situated, this 18th-century former bakehouse has five fresh, modern rooms and excellent breakfasts. oGeorge HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( %01780-750750; www.georgehotelofstamford.com; 71 St Martin's; s/d from £95/165, 4-poster d £250; p i W) Stamford's luxurious landmark inn opened its doors in 1597. Today its 47 rooms impeccably blend period charm and modern elegance, while its restaurant serves superior Modern British cuisine. William Cecil at StamfordHISTORIC HOTEL ( %01780-750070; www.thewilliamcecil.co.uk; High St, St Martins; s/d midweek £101/111, weekends £120/130; p W) Within the Burghley Estate, rooms at this stunningly renovated hotel are inspired by Burghley House, with period furnishings and luxuries such as clawfoot baths. The smart restaurant opens to a wicker-chair-furnished patio. 5Eating The finest dining in town is at the George and William Cecil hotels. Tobie NorrisPUB (www.tobienorris.com; 12 St Pauls St; mains £8-20; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm & 6-8.30pm Sun) A wonderful stone-walled, flagstone-floored pub with a warren of rooms and a sunny courtyard. It serves international dishes such as wasabi chicken with crushed plum-chutney potatoes and wholesome local ales. No.3 The YardMODERN BRITISH ( %01780-756080; www.theyardrestaurant.biz; 3 Ironmonger St; mains £12.50-21; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat) Tucked away in a courtyard off a narrow laneway, Jim's Yard serves upmarket fare sourced from local producers. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01780-755611; www.stamfordartscentre.com; 27 St Mary's St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat; W) Inside the Stamford Arts Centre. 8Getting There & Away Centrebus 4 runs to Grantham (£4, one hour, three per day Monday to Friday, two Saturday) and National Express to London Victoria (£13.50, four hours, one daily). Trains run to Birmingham (£21.90, 1½ hours, hourly), Leicester (£12.90, 40 minutes, hourly) and Stansted Airport (£31.40, 1¾ hours, hourly) via Cambridge (£24, 1¼ hours) and Peterborough (£7.70, 15 minutes). ### Boston Pop 41,340 It's hard to believe that sleepy Boston was the inspiration for its larger and more famous American cousin. Although no Boston citizens sailed on the _Mayflower,_ the town became a conduit for persecuted Puritans fleeing Nottinghamshire for religious freedom in the Netherlands and America. In the 1630s, the fiery sermons of Boston vicar John Cotton inspired many locals to follow their lead, among them the ancestors of John Quincy-Adams, the sixth American president. These pioneers founded a namesake town in the new colony of Massachusetts and the rest, as they say, is history. 1Sights St Botolph's ChurchCHURCH (www.parish-of-boston.org.uk; tower adult/child £3/1; hchurch 8.30am-4.30pm daily, tower 10am-3.30pm Mon-Sat, last climb 3pm) Built in the early 14th century, St Botolph's Church (the name Boston is a corruption of 'St Botolph's Stone') is known locally as the Stump, in reference to the truncated appearance of its 88m-high tower. Puff your way up the 365 steps on a clear day and you'll see out to Lincoln, 32 miles away. GuildhallMUSEUM ( %01205-365954; www.bostonguildhall.co.uk; South St; h10.30am-3.30pm Wed-Sat) Before escaping to the New World, the Pilgrim Fathers were briefly imprisoned in the 14th-century Guildhall. It's one of Lincolnshire's oldest brick buildings, dating from the 1390s and situated close to the River Witham. Inside are fun, interactive exhibits, as well as a restored 16th-century courtroom and a re-created Georgian kitchen. Maud Foster WindmillMILL ( %01205-352188; www.maudfoster.co.uk; adult/child £4/2; h10am-5pm Wed & Sat) About 800m northeast of Market Pl, England's tallest working windmill has seven floors that creak and tremble with every turn of the sails; it sells bags of flour milled on-site. Self-caterers can stay in the granary next door (double from £195 for two nights including a windmill tour; children not permitted). 4Sleeping & Eating White HartPUB ( %01205-311900; www.whitehartboston.com; 1-5 High St; s/d £49.50/67.50; p i) Right in the middle of town, this handsome pub-hotel is part of the Best Western chain. Rooms are tastefully modernised and there's a decent Modern British menu (mains £9 to £18). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01205-365954; www.bostonguildhall.co.uk; South St; h10.30am-3.30pm Wed-Sat) Inside the Guildhall. 8Getting There & Away Trains connect Boston with Leicester (£22.10, 2½ hours, hourly) and Lincoln (£15.10, two hours, hourly) via a change at Sleaford. ## Northamptonshire Dotted with villages full of pincushion cottages with thatched rooves and Tudor timbers, Northamptonshire also has a string of stately manors, including the ancestral homes of George Washington and Diana, Princess of Wales. Motoring fans won't want to miss the Formula One British Grand Prix (www.silverstone.co.uk), which roars around Silverstone Circuit, near Towcester, for three days in early July. 8Information Visit NorthamptonshireTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitnorthamptonshire.co.uk; W) 8Getting Around Northampton is the county's hub for bus services; see the 'Transport & Streets' pages at www.northamptonshire.gov.uk for routes and timetables. Trains run by London Midland are useful for getting to/from Northampton. ### Northampton Pop 215,170 Rebuilt after a devastating fire in 1675, Northamptonshire's county town was one of the prettiest in the Midlands before WWII bombers and postwar town planners wreaked havoc. Still, the city's heart retains some grand architecture. Northampton played a significant role in the Wars of the Roses and the English Civil War, before shifting its attention to manufacturing shoes. 1Sights All Saints' ChurchCHURCH (www.allsaintsnorthampton.com; George Row; h9am-6pm) Constructed after the 1675 fire, All Saints' Church owes an obvious debt to the churches built by Sir Christopher Wren after the Great Fire of London, with an ornate barrel-vaulted ceiling and dark-wood organ and reredos. GuildhallHISTORIC BUILDING (St Giles St) Built between 1861 and 1864, Northampton's landmark Guildhall is adorned with carvings and 14 statues of monarchs, local luminaries and patron saints, including St Michael, patron saint of corporations. Now housing the council offices, it's closed to the public except during heritage events. Northampton Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM, GALLERY (www.northampton.gov.uk/museums; Guildhall Rd; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Even those without a shoe fetish will get a kick out of the impressive displays, where you can learn about the history of shoemaking and footwear fashions. St Peter's ChurchCHURCH ( h10am-4pm Wed-Sat Mar-Oct, 11am-3pm Wed-Sat Nov-Feb) West of the central Market Sq, St Peter's Church is a marvellous Norman edifice built in 1150 and adorned with ancient carvings. The sign on the door tells you where you can collect the key to peek inside. Church of the Holy SepulchreCHURCH (www.stseps.org; h2-4pm Wed, 11am-3pm Sat May-Sep) North of the centre, beyond the eyesore bus station, Church of the Holy Sepulchre is one of the few surviving round churches in the country. It was founded when the first earl of Northampton returned from the Crusades in 1100. 4Sleeping & Eating The tourist office can advise on B&Bs in the area. Church Bar & RestaurantMODERN EUROPEAN ( %01604-603800; www.thechurchrestaurant.com; 67-83 Bridge St; mains £15; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) At this superbly converted old church, you can feast on modern European cooking (bookings recommended), or sip a cocktail under the stained-glass windows in the bar. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01604-838800; www.visitnorthamptonshire.co.uk; George Row; h8am-5.30pm Mon-Fri year-round, 10am-2pm Sat Apr-Sep) Housed in the historic Sessions House, built in 1675. 8Getting There & Away Greyfriars bus station is on Lady's Lane, just north of the Grosvenor shopping centre. National Express coach services: A **Birmingham** £7.40, 2¾ hours, eight daily A **London Victoria** £13, 2¼ hours, 12 daily A **Nottingham** £13.20, 2½ hours, two daily Northampton has good rail links with Birmingham (£14, one hour, every 20 minutes) and London Euston (£26.20, one hour, three hourly). The train station is about half a mile west of town along Gold St. ### Around Northampton Northamptonshire has a cache of ancient churches, some dating back to Saxon times. Many open only from May to September; Northampton's tourist office has information including bus schedules. #### Althorp Althorp HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01604-770107; www.spencerofalthorp.com; adult/child £18.50/11; h1-5pm Sun May–mid-Jul & Sep, 1-5pm daily mid-Jul–Aug) The ancestral home of the Spencer family, Althorp House – pronounced 'altrup' – is the final resting place of Diana, Princess of Wales, commemorated by a memorial. The outstanding art collection features works by Rubens, Gainsborough and Van Dyck. Tickets are limited and must be booked by phone or online. Althorp is off the A428, 5.5 miles northwest of Northampton. Stagecoach Northampton–Rugby bus 96 (£4.60, hourly, Monday to Saturday) passes the estate gates, from where it's a 20-minute walk. Profits go to charities supported by the Princess Diana Memorial Fund. #### Stoke Bruerne Pop 375 About 8 miles south of Northampton, brightly painted barges frequent this charming little village nestled against the Grand Union Canal, the main drag of England's canal network. From here, you can follow the waterways all the way to Leicester, Birmingham or London. 1Sights & Activities Several boat owners offer summertime cruises. Canal MuseumMUSEUM (http://canalrivertrust.org.uk/the-canal-museum/stoke-bruerne; adult/child £4.75/2.75; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Wed-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Set in a converted corn mill, the entertaining Canal Museum charts the history of the canal network and its bargemen, lock keepers and pit workers. Scale models abound; outside you can see the historic narrowboat _Sculptor_ , listed on the National Historic Boat Register. Indian ChiefCRUISE ( %01604-862428; www.boatinn.co.uk; adult/child from £3/2.50; h11.30am-3pm Sun & bank holiday weekends) Year-round you can take trips lasting 25 minutes aboard the Boat Inn's narrowboat, the _Indian Chief_. 4Sleeping & Eating Waterways CottageB&B ( %01604-863865; www.waterwayscottage.co.uk; Bridge Rd; d £75) For overnight stays, try Waterways Cottage, an adorable thatched cottage right off the front of a biscuit box. Boat InnPUB ( %01604-862428; www.boatinn.co.uk; mains £7.75-24; h9.30am-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-9pm Sat, 9.30am-8.30pm Sun) Meals and brews are served up at the canalside Boat Inn. 8Getting There & Away Buses 86 and 87 run between Stoke Bruerne and Northampton (£4.40, 30 minutes, four per day Monday to Saturday, four Sunday). #### Sulgrave Manor Sulgrave ManorHISTORIC BUILDING (www.sulgravemanor.org.uk; adult/child £7.90/3.60, garden only £3.60/free; h11am-4pm Sat & Sun Apr-Jul, Sep & Oct, 11am-4pm Tue-Sun Aug) This impressively preserved Tudor mansion was built by Lawrence Washington in 1539. The Washington family lived here for almost 120 years before Colonel John Washington, the great-grandfather of America's first president George Washington, sailed to Virginia in 1656. Sulgrave Manor is about 20 miles southwest of Northampton, just off the B4525 near Banbury; you'll need your own wheels to get here. ## Leicestershire Leicestershire was a vital creative hub during the Industrial Revolution, but its factories were a major target for German air-raids in WWII and most towns in the county still bear the scars of war-time bombing. Nevertheless, there are some impressive remains, from Elizabethan castles to Roman ruins. The busy, multicultural capital Leicester is enjoying new-found fame due to the recent discovery of King Richard III's remains. 8Information Leicestershire TourismTOURIST INFORMATION (www.goleicestershire.com) 8Getting There & Around Leicester is well served by buses and trains. For bus routes and timetables, visit the 'Roads & Transport' pages at www.leics.gov.uk. Regular buses connect Rutland to Leicester, Stamford and other surrounding towns. ### Leicester Pop 329,840 Built over the buried ruins of two millennia of history, Leicester ( _les_ -ter) suffered at the hands of the Luftwaffe and postwar planners. A massive influx of textile workers from India and Pakistan since the 1960s, however, has transformed the city into a bustling global melting pot, with dozens of mosques and temples in and around the centre. Historical treasures include one of England's finest medieval guildhalls. The 2012 discovery and 2013 identification of the remains of King Richard III in a Leicester car park has sparked a flurry of developments, including a spiffing new visitor centre on the site. Leicester 1Top Sights 1King Richard III: Dynasty, Death & DiscoveryB3 2Leicester CathedralB2 1Sights 3Great HallA3 4GuildhallB2 5Jewry Wall MuseumA2 6MagazineB3 7New Walk Museum & Art GalleryD4 8Newarke Houses MuseumA3 9St Mary de CastroA3 4Sleeping 10Belmont HotelD4 11Hotel MaiyangoA2 5Eating 12Boot RoomB3 13Good EarthC2 14White PeacockC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 15GlobeB2 16XY ClubC3 3Entertainment 17Curve TheatreD2 18Phoenix SquareD2 7Shopping 19Highcross LeicesterB2 20Leicester MarketC2 ### KING RICHARD III It's an amazing story. Philippa Langley, a member of the Richard III Society, spent four-and-a-half years researching the whereabouts of King Richard's remains after his demise at Bosworth. The society, founded in 1924, aims to research the king's life and to achieve a more balanced characterisation of him than that of a cruel and calculating figure, as portrayed by Shakespeare and various authors and historians. Langley narrowed it down to a Leicester car park, built over the site of the long-since-demolished Greyfriars church. But it took her another three years to persuade the city council to excavate. Archaeologists from the University of Leicester carried out the dig in August 2012, unearthing a skeleton just three weeks later. In February 2013, the bones were confirmed by DNA analysis as those of the late king. The university was also able to undertake a facial reconstruction using the king's skull, giving the modern world its first true image of Richard III. The reconstruction is on permanent display at Leicester's new King Richard III: Dynasty, Death & Discovery visitor centre. A free Richard III Audio Tour app covers key Richard sites in the city and county. Leicester Cathedral's arrangements to bury the king were derailed by the Plantagenet Alliance, a group of distant relatives, some of whom wanted Richard to be buried in York, while others sought a public consultation. A High Court ruling in 2014 ordered that the Leicester Cathedral burial go ahead – it's slated for spring 2015, preceded by a procession from Bosworth. 1Sights oKing Richard III: Dynasty, Death & DiscoveryHERITAGE CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://kriii.com; St Martin's Pl; adult/child £7.95/4.75; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat & Sun) Leicester's brand-new, high-tech King Richard III visitor centre is split into three sections. Dynasty explores his rise to become the final Plantagenet king. Death delves into the Battle of Bosworth, when Richard became the last English king to be killed in battle. Discovery details the University of Leicester's archaeological dig and identification, allowing you to visit the site of the grave in which he was found. GuildhallHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leicester.gov.uk/museums; Guildhall Lane; h11am-4.30pm Mon-Wed & Sat, 1-4.30pm Sun Feb-Nov) F Leicester's perfectly preserved 14th-century guildhall is reputed to be the most haunted building in Leicester. You can search for spooks in the magnificent Great Hall, the wood-panelled 'Mayor's Parlour' and the old police cells, which contain a reconstruction of a 19th-century gibbet. New Walk Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leicester.gov.uk/museums; New Walk; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, from 11am Sun) F Highlights of this grand Victorian museum include the dinosaur galleries, the painting collection (with works by Turner and Degas) and the Egyptian gallery, where real mummies rub shoulders with displays about Boris Karloff's _The Mummy_ film. Littlies under five can let loose in the interactive Den. National Space CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spacecentre.co.uk; adult/child £13/11; h10am-4pm Tue-Fri, to 5pm Sat & Sun) Although British space missions usually launch from French Guiana or Kazakhstan, Leicester's space museum is a fascinating introduction to the mysteries of the spheres. The ill-fated _Beagle 2_ mission to Mars was controlled from here. Fun, kid-friendly displays cover everything from astronomy to the status of current space missions. The centre is off the A6 about 1.5 miles north of the city centre. Take bus 54 (£1.80, 15 minutes, every 20 minutes) from Charles St. Newarke Houses MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leicester.gov.uk/museums; The Newarke; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, from 11am Sun) Sprawling over two 16th-century mansions, exhibits at this entertaining museum detail the lifestyle of locals through the centuries. Don't miss the walk-through re-creation of a WWI trench, and the trophies of the Royal Leicestershire Regiment, including an outrageous snuff box made from a tiger's head. Leicester CastleCASTLE Scattered around the Newarke Houses Museum are the ruins of Leicester's medieval castle, where Richard III spent his final days before the Battle of Bosworth. The most impressive chunk of masonry is the monumental gateway known as the Magazine ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Newarke St), once a storehouse for cannonballs and gunpowder. Clad in Georgian brickwork, the 12th-century Great Hall ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle Yard) stands behind a 15th-century gate near the church of St Mary de Castro ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle St), where Geoffrey Chaucer was married in 1336. Jewry Wall MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leicester.gov.uk/museums; St Nicholas Circle; h11am-4.30pm Feb-Oct) F You can see fine Roman mosaics and frescos in this museum exploring the history of Leicester from Roman times to the modern day. In front of the museum is the **Jewry Wall** , part of Leicester's Roman baths. Tiles and masonry from the baths were incorporated in the walls of neighbouring **St Nicholas Church**. oLeicester CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; http://leicestercathedral.org; h8am-6pm Mon-Sat, 7am-4.30pm Sun) F Look for the striking carvings on the roof supports of this substantial medieval cathedral. Free hour-long tours take place at 2pm from Monday to Saturday. zFestivals & Events Leicester Comedy FestivalCOMEDY ( %0116-242 3595; www.comedy-festival.co.uk; hFeb) England's longest-running comedy festival draws big names as well as fresh talent. Leicester Caribbean CarnivalCULTURAL (http://leicestercarnival.com; hAug) The biggest Caribbean celebration in the country (after London's Notting Hill Carnival), with colourful costumes galore on the first Saturday in August. 4Sleeping oHotel MaiyangoHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-251 8898; www.maiyango.com; 13-21 St Nicholas Pl; d from £89; a i W) At the end of the pedestrian High St, this sophisticated pad has spacious rooms, decorated with handmade Asian furniture, contemporary art and massive plasma TVs. In addition to its candlelit Maiyango Restaurant & Bar, it also has a fabulous Kitchen Deli gourmet cafe and store. Belmont HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-254 4773; www.belmonthotel.co.uk; De Montfort St; s/d from £59/79; p a i W) Owned and run by the same family for four generations, the 19th-century Belmont has stylish contemporary, individually designed rooms and a fantastic location overlooking leafy New Walk. Its restaurant is highly regarded; the two bars, Jamie's and Will's, open to a terrace and a conservatory respectively. 5Eating A visit to Leicester isn't complete without singeing your tastebuds on a curry along the Golden Mile. Self-caterers should head to the Leicester Market. The glitzy Highcross Leicester ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.highcrossleicester.com; Shires Lane; h9.30am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; W) shopping mall has upmarket chain restaurants. Good EarthVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-262 6260; 19 Free Lane; mains £3.50-6.50; h10am-3pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat; v) S Justifiably popular for its daily changing wholesome veggie bakes; huge, fresh salads; and homemade cakes. Boot RoomBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-262 2555; www.thebootroomeaterie.co.uk; 29 Millstone Lane; mains £13-19.50; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-9.30pm Tue-Fri, noon-10pm Sat) A former shoe factory now houses this contemporary independent bistro. Premium ingredients are used in dishes from roast Cornish cod with smoked tomato risotto to duck leg with Clonakilty black pudding. Save room for the soufflé of the day for dessert. White PeacockMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-254 7663; www.the-white-peacock.co.uk; 14-16 King St; lunch 2-/3-course menu £16/19, dinner 2-/3-course menu £26.50/28.50; hnoon-3pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-3pm Sun) Leicester lacked an independent fine-dining restaurant until it arrived in this beautiful Grade II–listed building overlooking the New Walk pedestrian path. Chef Phillip Sharpe's ambitious dishes span starters such as goats cheese mousse with fig, beetroot and walnut to mains such as chicken with crayfish, mango and tamarind jus, and sublime desserts. #### DON'T MISS ### THE GOLDEN MILE Lined with sari stores, jewellery emporiums and curry houses, Belgrave Rd – aka the Golden Mile – is an essential stop for authentic Indian vegetarian food. There are more top-notch eateries than you can shake a chapatti at. Top pick is Bobby's ( %0116-266 0106; www.eatatbobbys.com; 154-156 Belgrave Rd; dishes £3.75-6; h11am-9pm Mon, to 10pm Wed-Fri, 10am-10pm Sat & Sun; v), famed for its _namkeen –_ lentil-flour snacks that come in myriad shapes and sizes. Shops along the strip sell _mithai_ (Indian sweets), which involve sugary combinations of nuts, fruit and milk curds. Belgrave Rd is about 1 mile northeast of the centre – follow Belgrave Gate and cross Burleys Flyover, or take bus 5A, 25, 54, or 126 (£1.80, seven minutes, every five minutes) from St Margaret's bus station. 6Drinking & Nightlife The Moroccan-style bar of the Hotel Maiyango mixes Leicester's best cocktails. GlobePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.everards.co.uk; 43 Silver St; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat) In the atmospheric Lanes – a tangle of alleys south of the High St – this old-fashioned pub has fine draught ales and a crowd that rates its drinks by quality rather than quantity. XY ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.superfly-city.com; 2 King St; h10pm-3am Wed & Thu, to 6am Fri & Sat) Behind a towering mock-Tudor facade, XY serves up diverse beats, with resident and visiting DJs. 3Entertainment Curve TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-242 3595; www.curveonline.co.uk; Rutland St; backstage tours adult/child £3/2) A sleek artistic space with big-name shows and some innovative modern theatre. Call the ticket office to book backstage tours. The bar is a sophisticated place for a sundowner. Phoenix SquareCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-242 2800; http://phoenix.org.uk; 4 Midland St) Leicester's premier venue for art-house films and digital media. De Montfort HallLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-233 3111; www.demontforthall.co.uk; Granville Rd) Big orchestras, ballets, musicals and other big song-and-dance performances are on the bill at this huge venue. 7Shopping Leicester MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leicestermarket.co.uk; Market Pl; houtdoor market 7am-6pm Mon-Sat, indoor market 8am-5pm Tue-Sat) More than 300 stalls at Leicester's indoor and outdoor markets sell everything from organic vegetables to aromatic spices, fish and shellfish, new and secondhand clothes, and homewares, electronic goods, cosmetics, jewellery, flowers and fabrics. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0116-299 4444; www.goleicestershire.com; 51 Gallowtree Gate; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Helpful office with reams of city and county info. Sells the _Richard III Walking Trail_ map (50p), which is also downloadable. Ask about guided walking tours (£5). ### STEAMING AROUND LEICESTER Great Central RailwayHISTORIC RAILWAY ( %01509-632323; www.gcrailway.co.uk; return adult/child £15/9) Steam locomotives chug from Leicester North station on Redhill Circle to Loughborough Central, following the 8-mile route along which Thomas Cook ran the original package tour in 1841. The locos operate several days a week from June to August, and at weekends for the rest of the year – check timetables online. To reach Leicester North station, take bus 125 (£2.30, 20 minutes, every five minutes) from Leicester's Haymarket bus station on Charles St (take bus 126 to return). 8Getting There & Away Bus Inter-city buses operate from St Margaret's bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Gravel St), located north of the centre. The useful Skylink bus runs to East Midlands airport (£7, 50 minutes, at least hourly, 24 hours). Bus 440 runs to Derby (£7.70, one hour, at least hourly). National Express services: A **Coventry** £6.60, 45 minutes, four daily A **London Victoria** £10, 2¾ hours, hourly A **Nottingham** £4.60, 45 minutes, one to two hourly A **Rugby** £3.60, one hour, hourly Train East Midlands trains go to the following destinations: A **Birmingham** £12.90, 50 minutes, hourly A **London St Pancras** £57, 1¼ hours, two to four hourly 8Getting Around The centre is cut off from the suburbs by a tangle of underpasses and flyovers, but downtown Leicester is easy to get around on foot. For unlimited transport on local buses, buy a Flexi Day Ticket (£5). ### Around Leicester ### SPLASHING ABOUT ON RUTLAND WATER Tiny Rutland was merged with Leicestershire in 1974, but in 1997 regained its 'independence' as England's smallest county. Rutland centres on **Rutland Water** , a vast artificial reservoir created by the damming of the Gwash Valley in 1976. Covering 1255 hectares, the reservoir attracts some 20,000 birds, including ospreys. Oakham, the main hub, is 20 miles east of Leicester, linked by train (£11.80, 30 minutes, hourly or better). The hail-and-ride Rutland Shore Link bus service (single/day ticket £2.50/4, round trip 1½ hours) runs from Oakham around the lake. Rutland Water Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01780-686800; www.anglianwater.co.uk; h10am-4pm Mar-Oct, hours vary Nov-Feb) At Skyes Lane near Empingham, the Rutland Water Visitor Centre has a snack kiosk, walking and cycling trails, and information on the area. Rutland Water Nature ReserveNATURE RESERVE (www.rutlandwater.org.uk; adult/child incl parking £5.65/3.30; h9am-5pm Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Near Oakham, Rutland Water Nature Reserve has hides where you can view the abundant birdlife. Normanton ChurchCHURCH ( %01780-686800; www.anglianwater.co.uk; adult/child £3/2; h12.30-3pm Sun-Wed Apr-Aug) This quaint church is saved from inundation by a limestone barrier wall. Inside are displays on the history of the Rutland reservoir. RockblokCLIMBING ( %01780-460060; www.rockblok.com; Whitwell Leisure Park, Bull Brigg Lane, Whitwell; climbing/high ropes £4/10, bike hire adult/child £17/10; h10am-4.30pm) Tackle a vertigo-inducing high-ropes course, an outdoor climbing wall or rent bikes for a gentle pedal around the Rutland lakeshore. See also www.rutlandcycling.com. Rutland WatersportsWATERSPORTS ( %01780-460154; www.anglianwater.co.uk/leisure; Whitwell Leisure Park, Bull Brigg Lane, Whitwell; sailboat/windsurf/kayak rental per hr from £17.50/20/7; h9am-7pm Fri-Tue, to 8pm Wed & Thu Apr-Oct, reduced hours Nov-Mar) Aquatic activities at Rutland include sailing and windsurfing. You can rent gear, take lessons or do certified courses. Rutland BelleCRUISE ( %01572-787630; www.rutlandwatercruises.com; adult/child £8.50/5.50; hhourly 1-3pm Mon-Sat, 11am-3pm Sun May-Sep, hourly 1-3pm Sat, noon-3pm Sun Apr & Oct) Cruise from Whitwell to Normanton on the southern shore of the Rutland reservoir, where a stone causeway leads out across the water to Normanton Church. Giant-BikeCYCLING ( %01780-720888; www.giant-rutland.co.uk; adult/child per day £17/10; h9am-5.30pm) Close to the Normanton boat jetty, Giant-Bike rents bicycles. Rutland Sailing SchoolSAILING ( %01780-721999; www.rutlandsc.co.uk; Gibbet Lane, Edith Weston; sail boat hire per hr from £20, half-day sailing courses from £125; h7.30am-dusk) Rents boats and runs sailing courses. Hambleton HallHISTORIC HOTEL ( %01572-756991; www.hambletonhall.com; s/d incl breakfast from £220/285, 2-/3-course lunch menu £25.50/31.50, 3-course dinner menu £65; p W) One of England's finest country hotels, Hambleton Hall sits on a peninsula jutting out into Rutland Water, 3 miles east of Oakham. Its luxuriant floral rooms and Michelin-starred restaurant are surrounded by gorgeous gardens. #### WORTH A TRIP ### WYMESWOLD oHammer & PincersMODERN BRITISH ( %01509-880735; www.hammerandpincers.co.uk; 5 East Rd; mains £15-24, 8-course menu £45, with wine £65; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; v) The cute village of Wymeswold, 16 miles north of Leicester via the A46, warrants a visit for a mind-blowing meal. Set in bucolic gardens at the edge of the village, everything at this idyllic gastropub is homemade, down to the breads and condiments. Steaks are a speciality; value for money is exceptional. Best reached by car; buses from Leicester require changing at Loughborough or Ashfordby. #### Bosworth Battlefield Bosworth Battlefield Heritage CentreHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01455-290429; www.bosworthbattlefield.com; adult/child £7.95/4.75; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Given a few hundred years, every battlefield ends up simply a field, but the site of the Battle of Bosworth – where Richard III met his maker in 1485 – is enlivened by an entertaining heritage centre full of skeletons and musket balls. Enthusiasts in period costume re-enact the battle each August. The battlefield is 16 miles southwest of Leicester at Sutton Cheny, off the A447. A taxi from Leicester costs around £25. Although it lasted just a few hours, the Battle of Bosworth marked the end of the Plantagenet dynasty and the start of the Tudor era. This was where the mortally wounded Richard III famously proclaimed: 'A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse'. Well, actually, he didn't: the quote was invented by that great Tudor propagandist William Shakespeare. #### Conkers & the National Forest The **National Forest** (www.forestry.gov.uk/nationalforest) is an ambitious project to generate new areas of sustainable woodland by planting 30 million trees in Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Staffordshire. More than eight million saplings have already taken root, and all sorts of visitor attractions are springing up in the forest. 1Sights & Activities ConkersNATURE CENTRE ( %01283-216633; www.visitconkers.com; Rawdon Rd; adult/child £8.95/7.25; h10am-6pm Easter–mid-Oct, to 5pm mid-Oct–Easter) A family-oriented nature centre, Conkers has interactive displays, indoor and outdoor playgrounds, and lots of hands-on activities. It's 20 miles northwest of Leicester off the A444; take bus 29 (£3.30, 35 minutes, half-hourly). Hicks LodgeCYCLING ( %01751-460011; www.purplemountain.co.uk; Willesley Wood Side; bike rental per day adult/child £30/15; htrails 8am-dusk, bike hire 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat & Sun) Bike trails run through the National Forest, including a flat 2km path around the lake, from this cycle centre. Hicks Lodge rents wheels; has a cafe; and also organises guided tours and night rides. 4Sleeping National Forest YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9672; www.yha.org.uk; dm/d from £13/52; p i W) S Situated 300m west of Conkers visitor centre along Bath Lane, this hostel has impressive ecofriendly features (such as greywater and solar biomass boiler usage), en suite rooms, and a restaurant serving local produce and organic wines. ## Derbyshire The Derbyshire countryside is painted in two distinct tones – the lush green of rolling valleys, criss-crossed by dry stone walls, and the barren mottled brown hilltops of the high moorlands. The biggest draw here is the Peak District National Park, which preserves some of England's most evocative scenery, attracting legions of hikers, climbers, cyclists and cave enthusiasts. 8Getting There & Around East Midlands Airport is the nearest air hub, and Derby is well served by trains, but connecting services to smaller towns are few. In the Peak District, the Derwent Valley Line runs from Derby to Matlock. Edale and Hope lie on the Hope Valley Line from Sheffield to Manchester. For a comprehensive list of Derbyshire bus routes, visit the 'Transport' pages at www.derbyshire.gov.uk. ### Derby Pop 255,390 Derby was one of the crucibles of the Industrial Revolution. Almost overnight, a sleepy market town was transformed into a major manufacturing centre, producing everything from silk to bone china, and later locomotives and Rolls-Royce aircraft engines. The city suffered the ravages of industrial decline in the 1980s, but has bounced back with impressive cultural developments and a rejuvenated riverfront. 1Sights Derby CathedralCATHEDRAL (www.derbycathedral.org; 18 Irongate; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat & services Sun) Founded in AD 943 and reconstructed in the 18th century, Derby Cathedral's vaulted ceiling towers above a fine collection of medieval tombs, including the opulent grave of the oft-married Bess of Hardwick, who at various times held court at Hardwick Hall, Chatsworth House and Bolsover Castle. Peregrine falcons nest in the tower – follow their progress at www.derbyperegrines.blogspot.com. Derby Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM (www.derbymuseums.org; The Strand; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F Local history and industry displays include fine ceramics produced by Royal Crown Derby and an archaeology gallery. QuadGALLERY, CINEMA ( %01332-290606; www.derbyquad.co.uk; Market Pl; gallery & mediatheque free, cinema £7-15; hgallery 11am-6pm, from noon Sun, BFI Mediatheque 11am-8pm, from noon Sun) A striking modernist cube on Market Pl, Quad contains a cinema, futuristic art gallery and mediatheque – an archive of films and TV covering decades of broadcasting, run by the British Film Institute (BFI). Royal Crown Derby FactoryCERAMICS ( %01332-712800; www.royalcrownderby.co.uk; Osmaston Rd; tour & museum adult/child £5/2.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, tours 11am & 1.30pm Tue-Thu, 11am Fri by reservation) Derby's historic potteries still turn out some of the finest bone china in England, from edgy Asian-inspired designs to the kind of stuff your grandma collects. 4Sleeping Cathedral Quarter HotelHOTEL ( %01332-546080; www.cathedralquarterhotel.com; 16 St Mary's Gate; s/d incl breakfast from £59/69; i W) A bell's peal from the cathedral, this grand Georgian edifice houses Derby's finest digs. The service is as polished as the grand marble staircase and there's an on-site spa and fine-dining restaurant. ChucklesB&B ( %01332-367193; www.chucklesguesthouse.co.uk; 48 Crompton St; s/d £38/64; W) A friendly and cosy B&B just south of the centre, Chuckles is run by an arty couple and is renowned for its bountiful breakfasts. Take Green Lanes and turn onto Crompton St by the church. 5Eating oJack RabbitsCAFE, DELI ( %01332-349966; www.jackrabbitskitchen.co.uk; 50-55 Queen St; mains £6-11; h8.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-2pm Sun; v) Jack Rabbits serves gourmet sandwiches, quiches, deli goods (including homemade jams and chutneys) and ready-to-eat meals that are perfect for a riverside picnic. It's proved so popular that it opened an adjoining sunlit cafe for lazy grazing on platters, cheese-boards and scrumptious cakes and slices. Wonky TableBISTRO ( %01332-295000; www.wonkytable.co.uk; 32 Sadler Gate; lunch dishes £5.50-7.25, lunch 2-course menu £11, dinner 2-/3-course menu £15/19; h5pm-midnight Mon, 11.30am-3pm & 5pm-midnight Tue-Sat) Inside an inviting retro-vintage dining room with exposed brick walls, Wonky Table features a slimmed-down day-time menu plus sandwiches such as warm goats cheese with caramelised onion and walnuts. But it really comes into its own at dinner with dishes including honey and balsamic goose breast, rosemary-crusted lamb rump, and beetroot and goats-cheese risotto balls with watercress cream. DarleysMODERN BRITISH ( %01332-364987; www.darleys.com; Waterfront, Darley Abbey; mains £19.75-22.50; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun) Two miles north of the centre, this upmarket restaurant has a gorgeous setting in a bright, converted mill overlooking the river. Classy fare includes warm fig tart, goats-cheese mousse and toasted hazelnuts. 6Drinking & Entertainment Derby has a wonderful selection of historic real-ale pubs, many of which have live music. Catch art-house films at Quad, or check what's showing at the two theatre spaces run by Derby Live ( %01332-255800; www.derbylive.co.uk; Market Pl). oOld Bell HotelPUB, TEAROOM (51 Sadler Gate; h8.30am-5pm Mon, to 11pm Tue-Thu, to 12.30am Fri & Sat, 10am-10pm Sun) Dating from 1680 and hosting Bonnie Prince Charlie's soldiers in 1745, this history-steeped black-and-white inn languished from late last century until its recent restoration by valiant local entrepreneur Paul Hurst. There's a crackling open fire and a central courtyard (and, allegedly, more than a few ghosts); boutique accommodation and a microbrewery are planned. Ye Olde DolphinPUB ( %01332-267711; www.yeoldedolphin.co.uk; 5a Queen St; h10.30am-11pm Mon-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat, noon-11pm Sun) Dating from 1530, Derby's oldest pub has a hearty menu, live music in the beer garden on weekends, and it also organises ghost tours. Brewery TapPUB (www.brewerytap-dbc.co.uk; 1 Derwent St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Wed, to midnight Thu, to 1am Fri, 11am-1am Sat, 1to 11pm Sun) Serves its own brews and guest ales in elegant Victorian surrounds. Silk MillPUB (www.silkmillderby.co.uk; 19 Full St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, 11am-midnight Fri & Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun; W) Live music several times a week including Sunday afternoon jazz. 7Shopping BennettsDEPARTMENT STORE (www.bennettsirongate.co.uk; 8 Irongate; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Founded as an ironmongers in 1734 and still retaining an ironmongery, Derby's historic department store has evolved over the centuries to sell beautiful clothes, homewares, gifts and more. There's a tearoom and cafe, and, on the 1st-floor interior balcony, the excellent Michael Frith at Bennetts Brasserie ( %01332-344621; www.michaelfrithcuisine.co.uk; 8 Irongate; mains £8.50-11.50, 3-course champagne breakfast £23; h9am-3pm Mon-Sat), specialising in three-course champagne breakfasts (served until 2pm). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01332-643411; www.visitderby.co.uk; Market Pl; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) Under the Assembly Rooms in the main square. 8Getting There & Away Air East Midlands Airport, 8 miles northwest of Derby, is served by regular Skylink buses (£4.20, 30 minutes, at least hourly, 24 hours). Bus Local and long-distance buses run from Derby's bus station, immediately east of the Westfield shopping mall. From Monday to Saturday, Transpeak has hourly buses between Derby and Buxton (£5.70, 1¾ hours), via Matlock (£4.20, 35 minutes) and Bakewell (£4.70, 1¼ hours). Five buses continue to Manchester (£7.70, 2¼ hours). Other services include the following: A **Leicester** National Express; £7.70, one to two per hour A **Nottingham** Red Arrow; £7.20, 30 minutes, nine daily Train The train station is about half a mile southeast of the centre on Railway Tce. Services include the following: A **Birmingham** £15.90, 45 minutes, four hourly A **Leeds** £37.30, 1½ hours, every 30 minutes A **London St Pancras** £65, 1¾ hours, half-hourly ### Around Derby #### Ashbourne Pop 8375 Perched at the southern edge of the Peak District National Park, Ashbourne is a pretty spread of steeply slanting stone streets, lined with cafes, pubs and antique shops. The main attraction, however, is the chance to walk or cycle along the **Tissington Trail** , part of NCN Route 68, which runs north for 13 miles to Parsley Hay, connecting with the **Pennine Cycleway** (NCN Route 68) and the **High Peak Trail** towards Buxton or Matlock. The track climbs gently along the tunnels, viaducts and cuttings of the disused railway line that once transported local milk to London. ### ROYAL SHROVETIDE FOOTBALL Some people celebrate Mardi Gras aka Shrove Tuesday (the last day before Lent) by eating pancakes or dressing up in carnival finery. But Ashbourne marks the occasion with a riotous game of football, where the ball is wrestled as much as kicked from one end of town to the other by crowds of revellers. Following 12th-century rules, villagers are split into two teams – those from north of the river and those from south – and the 'goals' are two millstones, set 3 miles apart. Participants are free to kick, carry or throw the ball, though it's usually squeezed through the crowds like a rugby scrum. Sooner or later, players and the ball end up in the river. Local shops board up their windows and the whole town comes out to watch or play. Fearless visitors are welcome to participate in the melee but, under a quirk of the rules, only locals are allowed to score goals. 4Sleeping & Eating Compton HouseB&B ( %01335-343100; www.comptonhouse.co.uk; 27-31 Compton St; s/d/f from £45/65/85; p W) Fresh, clean, frilly rooms, a warm welcome and a central location make this the pick of Ashbourne's B&Bs. BramhallsDELI, CAFE ( %01335-342631; www.bramhallsdeli.co.uk; 22 Market Pl; dishes £3.25-8; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, 9am-5pm Sun) A great little deli and cafe with posh light meals and sandwiches, and excellent homemade pastries, breads, cold meats and 60 varieties of cheese. Flower CafeCAFE (www.theflowercafe.co.uk; 5 Market Pl; mains £6-7; h8.30am-5pm Sun-Fri, to 8pm Sat) Soups such as parsnip, chorizo and chestnut, broccoli and stilton, and spicy bean and lentil are a speciality at this cute-as-a-button cafe where everything is homemade. 6Drinking Smith's TavernPUB (36 St John's St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu & Sun, to midnight Fri & Sat) A tiny pub on the main shopping street, with a big selection of real ales and an old piano at the back. 8Getting There & Away Bus services include the following: A **Buxton** Highpeak 441 and 442; £4.20, 80 minutes, every two hours Monday to Saturday, four Sunday A **Derby** Trent Barton Swift; £4, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, five Sunday 8Getting Around Cycle Hire CentreBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01335-343156; www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/visiting/cycle; Mapleton Lane; half-day/day from £13/16; h9.30am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, reduced hours Nov-Feb) About a mile above town, the Cycle Hire Centre is right on the Tissington Trail, at the end of a huge and atmospheric old railway tunnel leading under Ashbourne. You can also rent children's bikes, bikes with baby seats, trailers for buggies and tandems. ### Matlock Bath Pop 640 Unashamedly tacky, Matlock Bath (not to be confused with the larger, work-a-day town of Matlock 2 miles north) looks like a seaside resort that somehow lost its way and ended up at the foot of the Peak District National Park. Following the River Derwent through a sheer-walled gorge, the main promenade is lined with amusement arcades, tearooms, fish-and-chip shops, pubs and shops catering to the bikers who congregate here on summer weekends. Outside summer, the town is considerably quieter and many lodgings and eateries shut. 1Sights & Activities Steep paths climb the eastern side of the gorge, reached by pedestrian bridges from the A6. The tourist office has details of longer, more challenging walks in the hills. Beware: many of the lanes up the side of the valley are too narrow for cars, with no space for turning. Peak District Mining Museum & Temple MineMUSEUM (www.peakmines.co.uk; The Grand Pavilion, South Pde; museum adult/child £3.50/2.50, mine £3.50/2.50, combined ticket £6/4; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Wed-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) An educational introduction to the mining history of Matlock is provided by this enthusiast-run museum. Set in an old Victorian dancehall, the museum has a maze of tunnels and shafts that kids can wriggle through while adults browse historical displays. At noon and 2pm daily (at weekends only from November to March) you can go into the workings of the **Temple Mine** and pan for 'gold' (well, shiny minerals). Gulliver's KingdomAMUSEMENT PARK ( %01925-444888; www.gulliversfun.co.uk; admission £16; hhours vary) This old-fashioned amusement park offers plenty of splashing, churning, looping attractions for anyone as tall as the signs at the start of the rides. Call for opening days and times or check seasonal schedules online. Heights of AbrahamAMUSEMENT PARK ( %01629-582365; www.heightsofabraham.com; adult/child £14/9.50; h10am-4.30pm daily early Feb–mid-Feb & late-Mar–Nov, 10am-4.30pm Sat & Sun mid-Feb–mid-Mar) A spectacular **cable-car ride** (accessible with admission ticket only) from the bottom of the gorge brings you to this hilltop leisure park, whose cave and mine tours and fossil exhibitions are a winner with kids. Peak RailHISTORIC RAILWAY ( %01629-580381; www.peakrail.co.uk; adult/child £8/4.30) From a tiny platform by Sainsbury's supermarket on the outskirts of Matlock (not Matlock Bath), nostalgic steam trains trundle along a 4-mile length of track to the nearby village of Rowsley, home to Caudwell's Mill, which includes a craft centre. Tickets include unlimited travel on the day of purchase. Services run five times a day Saturday and Sunday (and some weekdays) from May to October, and some weekends at other times of the year – check timetables online. Would-be engineers can also do a one-hour train-driving course (9.45am March to November, 9.15am January and February; £115); you must be aged between 18 and 70. From March to November, there are also two-hour courses (8.45am; £200) ### DERWENT VALLEY MILLS Unlikely as it may sound, the industrial mills that line the Derwent Valley are ranked up there with the Taj Mahal on the Unesco World Heritage list. Cromford MillHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01629-823256; www.cromfordmills.org.uk; Mill Lane, Cromford; tour adult/child £3.50/2.50; h9am-5pm, tours 11am, 1pm & 2.30pm Sat-Thu, 11am Fri by reservation) F Three miles south of Matlock Bath, the Cromford Mill was founded in the 1770s by Richard Arkwright. It was the first modern factory, producing cotton on automated machines, powered by a series of waterwheels along the River Derwent. This prototype inspired a succession of mills, ushering in the industrial age. The Arkwright Society runs atmospheric tours. It's one train stop from Matlock Bath (60p, three minutes, hourly). Masson MillsHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01629-581001; www.massonmills.co.uk; Derby Rd; adult/child £3/2; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun, closed Dec) A museum tells the story of the valley's textile mills at this large complex ​1 mile south of Matlock Bath. The attached shopping village is full of outlet stores for big clothing brands. Caudwell's MillHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01629-734374; www.caudwellsmillcraftcentre.co.uk; Rowsley; mill tours adult/child £4.50/2; h9.30am-4.30pm) F A chugging, grinding, water-powered mill that still produces flour the old-fashioned way, and has various craft workshops and a tearoom. You can get to Rowsley direct from Matlock Bath by Highpeak bus (£2.70, 15 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, two services Sunday) on the route to Bakewell, or take the Peak Rail steam train and follow the riverside path from the station. 4Sleeping & Eating Despite its inland location, Matlock Bath's signature dish is fish and chips, which is served at cafes, tearooms and pubs along the strip. Hodgkinson's Hotel & RestaurantHOTEL ( %01629-582170; www.hodgkinsons-hotel.co.uk; 150 South Pde; s/d incl breakfast from £77/95, 2-/3-course meal £29.50/34; hrestaurant noon-2.30pm & 6.30-10.30pm; p W) Rooms at this central Grade II–listed Victorian beauty conjure up Matlock's golden age with antique furnishings, flowery wallpaper and cast-iron fireplaces. The restaurant has just 16 seats so bookings are advised. Service is superb. Ashdale Guest HouseB&B ( %01629-57826; www.ashdaleguesthouse.co.uk; 92 North Pde; s/d from £45/65; p) S A tall stone house just beyond the bling of the amusement-arcade-lined main promenade, with tasteful rooms and organic breakfasts. 7Shopping For arts, crafts and discounted clothing brands, check out the Derwent Valley mills. Scarthin BooksBOOKS (www.scarthinbooks.com; The Promenade, Cromford; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun) More than 100,000 new and secondhand books cram 12 rooms in this biblioparadise, which hosts regular literary events and has a vegetarian cafe serving organic pizza, wraps, pies and burritos. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01335-343666; www.visitpeakdistrict.com; The Grand Pavilion, South Pde; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Wed-Fri, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Visitor information point at the Peak District Mining Museum. 8Getting There & Away Matlock is a hub for buses around the Peak District. A **Bakewell** Highpeak; £3.20, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday A **Derby** Transpeak; £4.20, 45 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, two services Sunday Trains run hourly between Matlock Bath and Derby (£5, 70 minutes, hourly). ### Chesterfield Pop 88,480 The eastern gateway to the Peaks, Chesterfield is worth a stop to see the astonishing crooked spire rising atop St Mary & All Saints Church ( %01246-206506; www.chesterfieldparishchurch.org.uk; spire tours adult/child £3.50/1.50; hspire tours 11.30am & 2pm Tue & Thu, 11.30am & 2.30pm Mon, Wed, Fri & Sat). Dating from 1360, the 68m-high spire is twisted in a right-handed corkscrew and leans several metres southwest. It's the result of the lead casing on the south-facing side having buckled in the sun. Learn more at the engaging Chesterfield Museum & Art Gallery ( %01246-345727; www.chesterfieldmuseum.co.uk; St Mary's Gate; h10am-4pm Mon & Thu-Sat). The tourist office ( %012246-345777; www.visitchesterfield.info; Rykneld Sq; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat Easter-early Nov, to 5pm Mon-Sat early Nov-Easter) is directly opposite the crooked spire. Chesterfield lies on the main rail line between Nottingham/Derby (£8, 30 minutes, up to two per hour) and Sheffield (£4.90, 15 minutes, up to two per hour). The station is just east of the centre. From Chesterfield coach station on Beetwell St, bus 170 serves Bakewell (£3.10, 45 minutes, hourly). ### Hardwick Hall Hardwick HallHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; house & garden adult/child £12/6, garden only £6/3; hhouse noon-4.30pm Wed-Sun, garden 9am-6pm daily) One of the most complete Elizabethan mansions in the country, Hardwick Hall was designed by eminent architect Robert Smythson. The hall featured all the latest mod-cons of the time, including fully glazed windows. The atmospheric interiors are decked out with magnificent tapestries and oil paintings of forgotten dignitaries. Hardwick Hall is 10 miles southeast of Chesterfield, just off the M1; it's best reached by your own wheels. The hall was home to the 16th-century's second-most powerful woman, Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury – known to all as Bess of Hardwick – who amassed a staggering fortune by marrying wealthy noblemen with one foot in the grave. Hardwick Hall was constructed using her inheritance from hubby number four, who shuffled off this mortal coil in 1590. Set aside time to explore the formal gardens or the longer walking trails of Hardwick Park. Next door to the manor is Bess' first house, Hardwick Old Hall (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5/3, incl Hardwick Hall £14/7; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-early Nov, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun early Nov-Mar), now a romantic ruin administered by English Heritage. ## Peak District Rolling across the southernmost hills of the Pennines is the glorious Peak District. Ancient stone villages are folded into creases in the landscape, and the hillsides are littered with stately homes and rocky outcrops that attract hordes of walkers, climbers and cavers. No one knows how the Peak District got its name – certainly not from the landscape, which has hills and valleys, gorges and lakes, wild moorland and gritstone escarpments, but no peaks. The most popular theory is that the region was named for the Pecsaetan, the Anglo-Saxon tribe who once populated this part of England. Founded in 1951, the Peak District National Park was England's first national park and is Europe's busiest. But escaping the crowds is easy if you avoid summer weekends. Even at peak times, there are 555 sq miles of open English countryside in which to soak up the scenery. Locals divide the Peak District into the Dark Peak – dominated by exposed moorland and gritstone 'edges' – and the White Peak, made up of the limestone dales to the south. Although there are several YHA hostels (www.yha.org.uk) in the Peak District, they're often booked out in advance by groups, so contact them before turning up. 2Activities Caving & Climbing The limestone sections of the Peak District are riddled with caves and caverns, including a series of 'showcaves' in Castleton, Buxton and Matlock Bath. For serious caving (or potholing) trips, the first port of call should be the website www.peakdistrictcaving.info, run by the caving store Hitch n Hike (www.hitchnhike.co.uk; Mytham Bridge, Bamford), near Castleton, which has gear and advice for climbing. England's top mountaineers train in this area, which offers rigorous technical climbing on a series of limestone gorges, exposed tors (crags) and gritstone 'edges' that extend south into the Staffordshire Moorlands. Gritstone climbing in the Peak District is predominantly on old-school trad routes, requiring a decent rack of friends, nuts and hexes. Bolted sport routes are found on several limestone crags in the Peak District, but many use ancient pieces of gear and most require additional protection. The crags are best reached with your own transport; check seasonal bus services with tourist offices in Trent Barton or Buxton. Cycling Plunging dales and soaring scarps provide a perfect testing ground for cyclists, and local tourist offices are piled high with cycling maps and pamphlets. For easy traffic-free riding, head for the 17.5-mile **High Peak Trail** , which follows the old railway line from Cromford, near Matlock Bath, to Dowlow near Buxton. The trail winds through beautiful hills and farmland to Parsley Hay, where the **Tissington Trail** , part of NCN Route 68, heads south for 13 miles to Ashbourne. Trails are off-road on dedicated cycle paths, suitable for road bikes. Mirroring the Pennine Way, the **Pennine Bridleway** is another top spot to put your calves through their paces. Around 120 miles of trails have been created between Middleton Top and the South Pennines, and the route is suitable for horse riders, cyclists and walkers. You could also follow the **Pennine Cycleway** (NCN Route 68) from Derby to Buxton and beyond. Other popular routes include the **Limestone Way** , running south from Castleton to Staffordshire, and the **Monsal Trail & Tunnels** between Bakewall and Wyedale, near Buxton. Peak Tours (www.peak-tours.com; mountain bike per day £20) delivers rental bikes anywhere in the Peak District, and offers guided cycling tours. From March to October, the Peak District National Park Authority ( %01629-816200; www.peakdistrict.gov.uk; bicycle hire per half-day/day adult £13/16, child £9/11) operates several cycle-hire centres. Walking The Peak District is one of the most popular walking areas in England, with awe-inspiring vistas of hills, dales and sky that attract legions of hikers in summer. The White Peak is perfect for leisurely strolls, which can start from pretty much anywhere. Be sure to close gates behind you as you go. When exploring the rugged territory of the Dark Peak, make sure your boots are waterproof and beware of slipping into rivulets and marshes. The Peak's most famous walking trail is the **Pennine Way** , which runs north from Edale for more than 250 miles, finishing in the Scottish Borders. If you don't have three weeks to spare, you can reach the pretty town of Hebden Bridge in Yorkshire comfortably in three days. The 46-mile **Limestone Way** winds through the Derbyshire countryside from Castleton to Rocester in Staffordshire, following footpaths, tracks and quiet lanes. Many people walk the 26-mile section between Castleton and Matlock in one long, tiring day, but two days is better. Tourist offices have a detailed leaflet. Other popular routes include the **High Peak Trail** , **Tissington Trail** , and **Monsal Trail & Tunnels**. Numerous short walks are available. ## 2Driving Tour Peak District **Start** Bakewell **End** Buxton **Length** 52 miles; one to two days Although you can drive this route in just a few hours, there's a lot to see and even more to do, so pack your hiking boots and consider breaking your journey overnight. Fuel your car and yourself at the pretty town of 1Bakewell, famed for its distinctive Bakewell Pudding. Head south on the A6 for 3.5 miles to Rowsley and turn left on winding Church Lane for 2 miles to visit the atmospheric medieval manor 2Haddon Hall. Return to Rowsley, turn left on the A6 and left on the B6012 – follow it for 2.9 miles before turning right to reach the 'Palace of the Peak', 3Chatsworth House. Back on the B6012, turn right to join the A619. At Baslow, home to the country hotel and Michelin-starred restaurant Fischer's Baslow Hall, turn left at the roundabout and travel along the A623 for 3.4 miles to the turn-off for 4Eyam. Drive up the hill to reach its quaint museum, where you can learn about the town's poignant plague history. There's fantastic walking here. Continue up the hill and turn right on Edge Rd, then right on Sir William Hill Rd and left on the B601 at Grindleford. Continue to Hathersage and turn left on the A6187 to Hope Valley. From here, turn right on the A6013, passing Ladybower Reservoir, to reach the 5Derwent Dam Museum. Pop in to learn about the Dambusters squadron's 'bouncing bombs' tests here during WWII. It's 5.8 miles back to the Hope Valley turn-off. Then turn right onto Hathersage Rd, right again on Edale Rd and follow the valley to stretch your legs at another prime walking destination, 6Edale. Scenery peaks when you travel southwest towards Castleton, climbing the steep hill near 517m-high Mam Tor, to Winnats Rd, then following the spectacular former coral reef canyon Winnats Pass to explore 7Speedwell Cavern, half-a-mile west of charming Castleton. From Speedwell Cavern, head west along Arthurs Way on to Winnats Rd. Turning right on the A623 brings you to the riot of Victoriana in the former spa town of 8Buxton. 8Information Tourist offices or national park visitor centres include Buxton, Bakewell, Castleton and Edale, The Peak District National Park Authority website (www.peakdistrict.gov.uk) has reams of information on transport, activities and local events. 8Getting There & Away Buses run from regional centres such as Sheffield and Derby to destinations across the Peak District. Be aware that buses are much more frequent at weekends, and many services close down completely in winter. Bakewell and Matlock (not Matlock Bath) are the two main hubs – from here you can get anywhere in the Peak District. Timetables are available from all the tourist offices, or online at www.derbyshire.gov.uk/transport. Trains run to Matlock Bath, Buxton, Edale and several other towns and villages. ### PEAK DISTRICT TRANSPORT PASSES Handy bus passes covering travel in the Peak District include the Peaks Plus (adult/child £6/4), offering all-day travel on Trent Barton buses, including the Transpeak between Derby and Buxton. The Derbyshire Wayfarer (adult/child £11.60/5.80) covers buses and trains throughout the county and as far afield as Manchester and Sheffield. ### Buxton Pop 22,110 The 'capital' of the Peak District National Park, albeit just outside the park boundary, Buxton is a confection of Georgian terraces, Victorian amusements and parks in the rolling hills of the Derbyshire dales. The town built its fortunes on its natural warm-water springs, which attracted health tourists in Buxton's turn-of-the-century heyday. Today, visitors are drawn here by the flamboyant Regency architecture and the natural wonders of the surrounding countryside. Tuesdays and Saturdays are market days, bringing colour to the grey limestone market place. Buxton 1Top Sights 1Pavilion GardensB3 1Sights 2Buxton BathsC2 3Buxton Museum & Art GalleryD3 4CrescentC2 5Devonshire DomeB1 6Pump RoomC2 7SlopesC2 8St Ann's WellC2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 9Buxton TramB2 Devonshire SpaB1 4Sleeping 10Buckingham HotelA3 11Old Hall HotelC2 12Roseleigh HotelB4 13Victorian Guest HouseB3 5Eating 14Columbine RestaurantC3 15Number 13C4 6Drinking & Nightlife 16Barbarella'sC2 17Old Sun InnC4 3Entertainment 18Opera HouseB2 1Sights Buxton's historic centre overflows with Victorian pavilions, concert halls and glasshouse domes. Its most famous building is the turreted Opera House. oPavilion GardensGARDENS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.paviliongardens.co.uk; h9.30am-5pm) F Adjoining Buxton's opulent Opera House is the equally flamboyant Pavilion Gardens, dotted with domed pavilions. The main building contains a tropical greenhouse, a nostalgic cafe and the tourist office. Devonshire DomeHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) A glorious piece of Victoriana, the Devonshire Dome forms part of the campus of the University of Derby. It is also home to Devonshire Spa ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-338408; www.devonshiredome.co.uk; 1 Devonshire Rd; 2hr body spa £20, ocean or frangipani wrap £50, day package from £95), which offers a full range of pampering treatments. Buxton BathsHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) In Victorian times, spa activities centred on the extravagant Buxton Baths complex, built in grand Regency style in 1854. The various bath buildings are fronted by a grand, curving facade, known as the Crescent ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), inspired by the Royal Crescent in Bath. It's expected to re-open in 2016 as a five-star hotel and spa. SlopesPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Opposite the Crescent, a small park called the Slopes rises steeply in a series of grassy terraces. Climbing them provides the definitive view over Buxton's Victorian rooftops. Pump RoomHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) At the base of the Slopes is the Pump Room, which dispensed Buxton's spring water for nearly a century. Modern-day health-tourists queue up to fill plastic bottles from a small spout known as St Ann's Well ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Buxton Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM, GALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.derbyshire.gov.uk/buxtonmuseum; Terrace Rd; h9.30am-5.30pm Tue-Fri, to 5pm Sat year-round, 10.30am-5pm Sun Easter-Sep) F In a handsome Victorian building, the town museum displays local historical bric-a-brac and curiosities from Castleton's Victorian-era 'House of Wonders', including Harry Houdini's handcuffs. 2Activities oBuxton TramBUS TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-79648; http://discoverbuxton.co.uk; adult/child £6/4; hhourly 10am-4pm) From the Pavilion Gardens, this vintage milk float takes you on a 12mph, hour-or-so circuit of the centre on its entertaining Wonder of the Peak tour. There are only eight seats, so booking ahead is recommended. Poole's CavernCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-26978; www.poolescavern.co.uk; adult/child £9/5; h9.30am-5pm Mar-Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Feb) A pleasant mile stroll southwest from the centre brings you to Poole's Cavern. This magnificent natural limestone cavern is reached by descending 28 steps; the temperature is a cool 7°C. Tours lasting 50 minutes run every 20 minutes from March to October and at 10.30am, 12.30pm and 2.30pm from November to February. From the cavern's car park, a 20-minute walk leads up through Grin Low Wood to **Solomon's Temple** , a ruined tower with fine views over the town. Parsley Hay Cycle HireCYCLING ( %01298-84493; www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/visiting/cycle; bike hire per half-/full day adult £13/6, child £9/11; h9.30am-5pm Mar-Oct) Rent bikes from the Peak District National Park Authority's Parsley Hay Cycle Hire, about 8 miles south of Buxton at the junction of the High Peak and Tissington Trails. 4Sleeping Buckingham HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-70481; www.buckinghamhotel.co.uk; 1 Burlington Rd; d £55-65, f £67.50-80; p W) The eccentric decor isn't for everyone – framed photos of Hollywood stars such as Pierce Brosnan or Bruce Willis adorn each of the 57 old-fashioned rooms, and there are more lining the hallways – but there's still a lot to recommend this oddball town-centre hotel. Rooms are clean and spacious, parking's free, and there's a lively downstairs bar and restaurant. Old Hall HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-22841; www.oldhallhotelbuxton.co.uk; The Square; s/d incl breakfast from £69/79; i W) There's a tale to go with every creak of the floorboards at this history-soaked establishment, supposedly the oldest hotel in England. Among other esteemed residents, Mary, Queen of Scots, stayed here from 1576 to 1578, albeit against her will. The rooms are still the grandest in town, and there are several bars, lounges and dining options. Roseleigh HotelB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-24904; www.roseleighhotel.co.uk; 19 Broad Walk; s/d from £41/80; p i W) This gorgeous family-run B&B in a roomy old Victorian house has lovingly decorated rooms, many with fine views out over the Pavilion Gardens. The owners are a welcoming couple, both seasoned travellers, with plenty of interesting stories. Victorian Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-78759; www.buxtonvictorian.co.uk; 3a Broad Walk; d from £95; p W) Overlooking the Pavilion Gardens, this elegant house has eight individually decorated bedrooms furnished with Victorian and Edwardian antiques. The home-cooked breakfasts are renowned. 5Eating Number 13MODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-25397; www.number13.co.uk; cnr Market St & South Ave; mains £11-16; hnoon-10.30pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, noon-7pm Sun) S Don't be fooled by the low prices – this is serious cooking that just happens to be affordable too. Dishes such as coq au vin in garlic and red wine or sausage and root mash with smoked onion marmalade are expertly prepared and exquisitely presented. Live jazz swings in the bar on Sunday afternoons. Columbine RestaurantMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-78752; www.columbinerestaurant.co.uk; 7 Hall Bank; mains £13.50-17.50; h7-10pm Mon-Sat May-Oct & Dec, 7-10pm Wed-Sat Jan-Apr & Nov) S On the lane leading down beside the Town Hall, this understated restaurant is the top choice among in-the-know Buxtonites. The chef conjures up imaginative dishes primarily made from local produce. Bookings recommended. 6Drinking & Entertainment Barbarella'sWINE BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.barbarellaswinebar.co.uk; 7 The Quadrant; hnoon-11pm Sun-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat; W) Black-and-white paisley wallpaper, chandeliers and glossy timber tables make this sleek retro wine bar the hottest drinking den in Buxton. Stellar food too. Old Sun InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theoldsuninnbuxton.com; 33 High St; hnoon-11pm Mon & Wed, to 11.30pm Tue, Thu & Sun, to midnight Fri & Sat) The cosiest of Buxton's pubs, with a warren of rooms full of original features, a dozen ales on tap, and a lively crowd that spans the generations. Opera HouseOPERA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 127 2190; www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk; Water St; tours £2.50; htours 11am Sat) Buxton's gorgeously restored Opera House hosts a full program of drama, dance, concerts and comedy. It's the focal point for festivities including the Buxton Festival ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.buxtonfestival.co.uk; hJul). 7Shopping Scrivener's Books & BookbindingBOOKS ( %01298-73100; www.scrivenersbooks.co.uk; 42 High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) A delightfully chaotic bookshop, sprawling over five floors, where books are filed in piles and the Dewey system has yet to be discovered. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01298-25106; www.visitpeakdistrict.com; Pavilion Gardens; h9.30am-5pm; W) Helpful, well-organised office with useful leaflets on walks in the area. Hour-long Roman Buxton town walks, by donation, depart at 11am and 2pm Saturdays. 8Getting There & Away Buses stop on both sides of the road at Market Pl. The hourly Highpeak runs to Derby (£5.70, 1½ hours), via Bakewell (£3.70, 30 minutes) and Matlock Bath (£3.20, one hour). Five Highpeak services run to Manchester (£5.20, 1¼ hours). To reach Sheffield take bus 65 (£5.70, 1¼ hours, every two hours Monday to Saturday, three services Sunday). Northern Rail has trains to/from Manchester (£9.80, one hour, hourly). ### Castleton & Around Pop 735 Guarding the entrance to the forbidding Winnats Pass gorge, charming Castleton is a magnet on summer weekends for Midlands visitors – come mid-week if you want to enjoy the sights in relative peace and quiet. The village's streets are lined with leaning stone houses, with walking trails criss-crossing the surrounding hills. A wonderfully atmospheric castle crowns the ridge above, and the bedrock below is riddled with fascinating caves. 1Sights Peveril CastleCASTLE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.70/2.80; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, 10am-5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Topping the ridge to the south of Castleton, this evocative castle has been so ravaged by the centuries that it almost looks like a crag itself. Constructed by William Peveril, son of William the Conqueror, the castle was used as a hunting lodge by Henry II, King John and Henry III, and the crumbling ruins offer swooping views over the Hope Valley. Castleton MuseumMUSEUM ( %01629-816572; Buxton Rd; h10am-5.30pm Apr–mid-Sep, 10am-5pm mid-Sep–Oct, reduced hours Nov-Mar) F Attached to the tourist office, the cute town museum has displays on everything from mining and geology to rock climbing, hang-gliding and the curious Garland Festival. Peak CavernCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620285; http://devilsarse.com; adult/child £9.25/7.25, incl Speedwell Cavern £15.50/11.75; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Castleton's most convenient cave is easily reached by a pretty streamside walk from the village centre. It has the largest natural cave entrance in England, known (not so prettily) as the Devil's Arse. Dramatic limestone formations are lit with fibre-optic cables. Speedwell CavernCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620512; www.speedwellcavern.co.uk; adult/child £10/8, incl Peak Cavern £15.50/11.75; h9.30am-4pm) About half a mile west of Castleton at the mouth of Winnats Pass, this claustrophobe's nightmare is reached via an eerie boat ride through flooded tunnels, emerging by a huge subterranean lake called the Bottomless Pit. New chambers are discovered here all the time by potholing expeditions. Treak Cliff CavernCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620571; www.bluejohnstone.com; adult/child £8.95/9.95; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Feb) Captivating Treak Cliff has a forest of stalactites and exposed seams of colourful Blue John Stone, which is still mined to supply the jewellery trade. Tours focus on the history of mining; kids can polish their own Blue John Stone during school holidays. Blue John CavernCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620638; www.bluejohn-cavern.co.uk; adult/child £10/5; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, 9.30am-dusk Nov-Mar) Up the side of Mam Tor, Blue John is a maze of natural caverns with rich seams of Blue John Stone that are still mined every winter. You can get here on foot up the closed section of the Mam Tor road. 2Activities At the base of 517m-high Mam Tor, Castleton is the northern terminus of the **Limestone Way** , which follows narrow, rocky Cave Dale, far below the east wall of the castle. The tourist office has maps and leaflets, including details of numerous easier walks. zFestivals & Events Garland FestivalCULTURAL (www.visitpeakdistrict.co.uk; hMay) Castleton celebrates Oak Apple Day on 29 May (28 May if the 29th is a Sunday) as it has for centuries, with the Garland King (buried under an enormous floral headdress) and Queen parading through the village on horseback. 4Sleeping Prices are often higher at weekends, when booking ahead is advised. Ye Olde Nag's Head HotelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620248; www.yeoldenagshead.co.uk; Cross St; d from £50; W) The cosiest of the 'residential' pubs along the main road, offering 10 comfortable, well-appointed rooms (some with four-poster beds and spas), ale-tasting trays and a popular restaurant, plus regular live music. Rowter FarmCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-620271; 2-person sites £10; hEaster-Oct; p) A simple campsite about 1 mile west of Castleton in a stunning location up in the hills. Drivers should approach via Winnats Pass; on foot, follow the Cave Dale path. Causeway HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-623921; www.causewayhouse.co.uk; Back St; s/d from £35/70) The floors within this ancient character-soaked stone cottage are worn and warped with age, but the quaint bedrooms are bright and welcoming. Doubles have en suites but the two single rooms (one of which can be used as a twin) share a bathroom. 5Eating & Drinking Tearooms abound in Castleton. The village shop has limited stocks of provisions for walkers and is open seven days. Three Roofs CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.threeroofscafe.co.uk; The Island; dishes £6-9.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 5.30pm Sat & Sun; W c) The most popular purveyor of cream teas, opposite the turn-off to the tourist office. 1530ITALIAN ( %01433-621870; www.1530therestaurant.co.uk; Cross St; mains £9.50-17; hnoon-2pm & 6-8.30pm Wed & Thu, noon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Fri & Sat, noon-2pm & 6-8pm Sun & Mon; v) Crispy thin-crust pizzas and fresh pastas such as king prawn, crab, crayfish and calamari linguine are the speciality of Castleton's swish Italian flag-bearer. oSamuel FoxMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-621562; www.samuelfox.co.uk; Stretfield Rd, Bradwell; lunch mains £6-18.50, dinner mains £13.50-22.50; hkitchen 6-9pm Tue, noon-2pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-3.30pm Sun) In the Hope Valley village of Bradwell, 2.5 miles southeast of Castleton, this enchanting inn owned by pedigreed chef James Duckett serves exceptional food such as rare roasted venison with pickled red cabbage, and roast pheasant with braised sprouts, bacon and parsnips. Rates for the gorgeous pastel-shaded guestrooms upstairs (single/double £95/130) include a sumptuous breakfast as well as sherry, grapes and chocolates. Look out for dinner, bed and breakfast deals. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01433-620679; www.peakdistrict.gov.uk; Buxton Rd; h10am-5.30pm Apr–mid-Sep, 10am-5pm mid-Sep–Oct, reduced hours Nov-Mar) In the Castleton Museum. 8Getting There & Away Bus services include the following: A **Bakewell** Bus 173; £3, 50 minutes, four daily via Hope (10 minutes) and Tideswell (25 minutes) A **Buxton** Buses 68 and 173; £3.80, one hour (departs Castleton in the morning and returns in the afternoon from Monday to Saturday) The nearest train station is at Hope, about 2 miles east of Castleton on the line between Sheffield (£6.60, 30 minutes, half-hourly) and Manchester (£10.80, 50 minutes, half-hourly). On summer Saturdays, a bus runs between Hope station and Castleton to meet the trains, but otherwise it's an easy walk. ### Derwent Reservoirs North of the Hope Valley, the upper reaches of the Derwent Valley were flooded between 1916 and 1935 to create three huge reservoirs to supply Sheffield, Leicester, Nottingham and Derby with water. These constructed lakes soon proved their worth – the **Dambusters** squadron carried out practice runs over Derwent Reservoir before unleashing their 'bouncing bombs' on the Ruhr Valley in Germany in WWII. Their exploits are detailed in the Derwent Dam Museum (www.peakdistrict.gov.uk; Fairholmes; h10am-4pm Sun) in a tower atop the dam. These days, the Ladybower, Derwent and Howden Reservoirs are popular destinations for walkers, cyclists and mountain bikers – and lots of ducks, so drive slowly! **Fairholmes** has a tourist office ( %01433-650953; www.peakdistrict.gov.uk; Fairholmes; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 3.30pm Nov-Mar), which dispenses walking and cycling advice, a car park, a snack bar and a good cycle hire centre ( %01433-651261; per half-/full day adult £13/16, child £9/11; h9.30am-5.30pm). Fairholmes is 2 miles north of the A57, the main road between Sheffield and Manchester. Buses are limited at best, so you really need your own wheels. ### Edale Pop 290 Surrounded by majestic Peak District countryside, this cluster of stone houses set around a pretty parish church is an enchanting place to pass the time. Edale lies between the White and Dark Peak areas, and is the southern terminus of the Pennine Way. Despite the remote location, the Manchester–Sheffield line passes through the village, bringing throngs of weekend visitors. 2Activities Walking is the number one drawcard, with plenty of diverting strolls for less committed hill walkers. As well as trips to Hollins Cross and Mam Tor, on the ridge dividing Edale from Castleton, you can walk north onto the **Kinder Plateau** , dark and brooding in the mist, gloriously high and open when the sun's out. This was the setting for a famous act of civil disobedience by ramblers in 1932 that paved the way for the legal 'right to roam' and the creation of England's national parks. Weather permitting, a fine circular walk starts by following the **Pennine Way** through fields to **Upper Booth** , then up a path called Jacobs Ladder and along the southern edge of Kinder, before dropping down to Edale via the steep rocky valley of Grindsbrook Clough, or the ridge of Ringing Roger. About 1.5 miles east of Edale, Ladybooth Equestrian Centre ( %01433-670205; www.ladybooth.co.uk; Nether Booth; horse riding per hour/day from £25/100) offers horseback trips around the Peak District, lasting anything from one hour to a full day, plus pony farm rides for kids. 4Sleeping Fieldhead CampsiteCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-670386; www.fieldhead-campsite.co.uk; sites per person/car from £5/2.50; p) Right next to the Moorland Tourist Office, this pretty and well-equipped campsite spreads over six fields, with some pitches right by the river. Edale YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9514; www.yha.org.uk; dm/d from £5/58; p i W) Spectacular views across to Back Tor unfold from this country-house hostel 1.5 miles east of Edale. The attached **activity centre** is very popular with student groups. It's signposted from the Hope road. StonecroftB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-670262; www.stonecroftguesthouse.co.uk; Grindsbrook; d from £80; p W) S This handsomely fitted-out stone house, built in the 1900s, has two comfortable bedrooms. Vegetarians and vegans are well catered for – host Julia is an award-winning chef and the organic breakfast is excellent. Picnic baskets (£12) are availble by request when booking. 5Eating Cooper's CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-670401; Cooper's Camp; dishes £2.20-4.80; h8am-4pm daily Apr-Sep, 9.30am-3pm Thu-Sun Nov-Mar; W) Load up on carbs at this cheerful cafe close to the village school. Rambler InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01433-670268; www.theramblerinn.com; Grindsbrook; mains £9.25-12; W c) Cosy stone pub with real ales, hearty steaks, pies and casseroles; also B&B rooms and occasional live music. 8Information Moorland Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01433-670207; www.edale-valley.co.uk; Grindsbrook; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 5.30pm Sat & Sun Apr-Sep, 10.30am-3.30pm Sat & Sun Oct-Mar) Visitor centre with maps, displays on the moors, a kiosk and a campsite. 8Getting There & Away Trains run from Edale to Manchester (£10.80, every hour, 45 minutes) and Sheffield (£6.90, every two hours, 40 minutes) via Hope. ### Eyam Pop 970 Quaint little Eyam (ee-em), a former lead-mining village, has a poignant history. In 1665, the town was infected by the dreaded Black Death plague, carried here by fleas on a consignment of cloth from London, and the village rector, William Mompesson, convinced villagers to quarantine themselves. Some 270 of the village's 800 inhabitants succumbed, while surrounding villages remained relatively unscathed. Today, Eyam's sloping streets of old cottages backed by rows of green hills are delightful to wander. 1Sights Eyam Parish ChurchCHURCH (www.eyam-church.org; h9am-6pm) Many victims of the village's 1665 Black Death plague outbreak were buried at Eyam's church. You can view stained-glass panels and moving displays telling the story of the outbreak. The churchyard contains a Celtic cross carved in the 8th century. Eyam HallHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; craft centre admission free, house & garden adult/child £7.15/3.70; hcraft centre 10am-4.30pm daily year-round, house & garden noon-4pm Wed, Thu & Sun Easter-early May & late Jul-Aug) This solid-looking 17th-century manor house with stone windows and doorframes, home to a craft centre and several eateries, is surrounded by a traditional English walled garden. Eyam MuseumMUSEUM (www.eyammuseum.demon.co.uk; Hawkhill Rd; adult/child £2.50/2; h10am-4.30pm Tue-Sun late Mar-early Nov) Vivid displays on the Eyam plague are the centrepiece of the engaging town museum, alongside exhibits on the village's history of lead-mining and silk-weaving. 2Activities Eyam makes a great base for walking and cycling in the White Peak area. For an interesting short walk, follow Water Lane out of the village from the main square, then turn right and climb the hill to reach **Mompesson's Well** , where supplies were left during the Black Death plague time for Eyam folk by friends from other villages. The goods were paid for using coins sterilised in vinegar. To return to Eyam, retrace your steps down the lane, then take a path that leads directly to the church. This 2-mile circuit takes about 1½ hours. 4Sleeping & Eating Miner's ArmsPUB ( %01433-630853; Water Lane; s/d £45/70; W) Although its age isn't immediately obvious, this traditional village inn was built shortly before the Black Death hit Eyam in 1665. Inside you'll find beamed ceilings, affable staff, a cosy stone fireplace, comfy en suite rooms and good-value pub food. Crown CottageB&B ( %01433-630858; www.crown-cottage.co.uk; Main Rd; s/d from £50/70; p) Opposite the post office, this walker- and cyclist-friendly stone house full of pottery ornaments is crammed to the rafters most weekends, when there's a minimum two-night stay. Village GreenCAFE (http://cafevillagegreen.com; The Square; dishes £2-6; h10am-4pm; W) On the village square, with tables on the cobblestones outside, this sweet cafe has a mouth-watering array of slices and decent coffee. 8Getting There & Away Services include the following: A **Bakewell** Buses 275 and 350; £3.50, 20 minutes, four per day Monday to Saturday A **Buxton** Buses 65 and 66; £3.50, 40 minutes, five per day Monday to Saturday, three Sunday A **Sheffield** Bus 65; £5.60, 40 minutes, five per day Monday to Saturday, three Sunday ### Bakewell & Around Pop 3950 The second-largest town in the Peak District, pretty Bakewell is a great base for exploring the White Peak. The town is ringed by famous walking trails and stately homes, but it's probably best known for its famous pudding, a pastry shell filled with jam and frangipane invented in 1820. Like other Peak towns, Bakewell is mobbed during the summer months – expect traffic jams and cut-throat competition for accommodation at weekends. The centre of town is Rutland Sq, the meeting point of the roads from Matlock, Buxton and Chesterfield. 1Sights All Saints ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bakewellchurch.co.uk; h9am-4pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-3.45pm daily Nov-Mar) Up on the hill above Rutland Sq, All Saints Church is packed with ancient features, including a 14th-century font, a pair of Norman arches, some fine heraldic tombs, and a collection of crude stone gravestones and crosses dating from the 12th century. Old House MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldhousemuseum.org.uk; Cunningham Pl; adult/child £3.50/2, incl Spirit of the 1940s £5/2; h11am-4pm Apr-early Nov) Set in a time-worn stone house near All Saints Church, the Old House Museum explores local history. Check out the Tudor loo and the displays on wattle and daub, a traditional technique for building walls using woven twigs and cow dung. Spirit of the 1940sMUSEUM (www.oldhousemuseum.org.uk; Tanners Yard; adult/child £2/50p, incl Old House Museum £5/2; h10.30am-4pm Fri-Mon Apr-early Nov) The Spirit of the 1940s museum incorporates an evocative 1940s street scene, letters and photographs, and wartime memorabilia. Haddon HallHISTORIC SITE (www.haddonhall.co.uk; adult/child £10/5.50; hnoon-5pm daily May-Sep, noon-5pm Sat-Mon Mar-Apr, Oct) With stone turrets, time-worn timbers and walled gardens, Haddon Hall, 2 miles south of Bakewell on the A6, looks exactly like a medieval manor house should. Founded in the 12th century, it was expanded and remodelled throughout medieval times. The 'modernisation' stopped when the house was abandoned in the 18th century. Take the Highpeak bus from Bakewell (£2.10, 10 minutes, hourly) or walk along the footpath through the fields, mostly on the east side of the river. Spared from the more florid excesses of the Victorian period, Haddon Hall has been used as the location for numerous period blockbusters (such as _Elizabeth_ ). Chatsworth HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01246-565300; www.chatsworth.org; house & gardens adult/child £18/10, gardens only £12/7, playground £6, park admission free; h11am-4.30pm mid-Mar–late Dec, garden 11am-6pm mid-Mar–late Dec) Known as the 'Palace of the Peak', this vast edifice 3 miles northeast of Bakewell has been occupied by the earls and dukes of Devonshire for centuries. Inside, the lavish apartments and mural-painted staterooms are packed with priceless paintings and period furniture. The house sits in 25 sq miles of grounds and ornamental gardens, some landscaped by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown. Kids will love the farmyard adventure playground. From Bakewell, take bus 215 (£2.10, 20 minutes, hourly). The manor was founded in 1552 by the formidable Bess of Hardwick and her second husband, William Cavendish, who earned grace and favour by helping Henry VIII dissolve the English monasteries. Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned at Chatsworth on the orders of Elizabeth I in 1569. Look out for the portraits of the current generation of Devonshires by Lucian Freud. Walkers can take footpaths through Chatsworth park via the mock-Venetian village of Edensor (en-sor), while cyclists can pedal via Pilsley. 2Activities Walking and cycling are, of course, the main activities in the area. The scenic **Monsal Trail** follows the path of a disused railway line from Combs Viaduct on the outskirts of Bakewell to Topley Pike in Wye Dale, about 3 miles east of Buxton, including a number of reopened old railway tunnels, covering 8½ miles in all. For a rewarding shorter walk, follow the Monsal Trail for 3 miles to the dramatic viewpoint at **Monsal Head** , where you can pause for refreshment at the Monsal Head Hotel ( %01629-640250; www.monsalhead.com; mains £11.50-16; hkitchen 8am-10am & noon-9.30pm; p), which serves real ales and excellent Modern British cuisine. With more time to kill, continue to **Miller's Dale** , where viaducts give a spectacular vista across the steep-sided valley. The tourist offices at Bakewell and Buxton have full details. Other walking routes go to the stately homes Haddon Hall and Chatsworth House. 4Sleeping Melbourne House & EasthorpeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-815357; www.bakewell-accommodation.co.uk; Buxton Rd; d from £70; p) In a picturesque, creeper-covered building dating back more than three centuries and a new annex, this inviting B&B is handily situated on the main road leading to Buxton. Rutland Arms HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-812812; www.rutlandarmsbakewell.co.uk; The Square; s £82-95, d £139-195; p W) Jane Austen is said to have stayed in room 2 of this aristocratic, recently refurbished stone coaching inn while working on _Pride and Prejudice_. The more expensive of its 33 rooms have lots of Victorian flourishes. 5Eating & Drinking Bakewell's streets are lined with sweet tearooms and bakeries selling the famous Bakewell Pudding. Old Original Bakewell Pudding ShopBAKERY, TEAROOM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bakewellpuddingshop.co.uk; The Square; dishes £6.50-17; h8.30am-6pm) One of the claimants of the Bakewell Pudding, this place has a lovely 1st-floor tearoom with exposed beams that serves light meals and afternoon teas on tiered trays. Bloomers Original Bakewell PuddingsBAKERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-814844; Water St; dishes 80p-£4.50; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun) Claims to be the progenitor of the famous Bakewell Pudding. No sit-down dining; head to the pretty riverbanks. Piedaniel'sFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-812687; www.piedaniels-restaurant.com; Bath St; mains £17, 2-/3-course lunch £16/18 Tue-Fri; hnoon-2pm & 7-9pm Tue-Sat) Chefs Eric and Christiana Piedaniel's Modern French cuisine is the toast of in-town restaurants. A whitewashed dining room is the exquisite setting for the likes of lobster bisque with _quenelles_ (feather-light flour, egg and cream dumplings) followed by monkfish in salmon mousse. Weekday lunch menus are exceptional value. Fischer's Baslow HallGASTRONOMIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01246-583259; www.fischers-baslowhall.co.uk; 259 Calver Rd, Baslow; lunch 2-/3-course menu from £20/27, dinner 1-/2-/3-course menu from £34/55/72; hkitchen noon-1.30pm & from 7pm daily by reservation) Just over 4 miles northeast of Bakewell, this stately 1907-built stone manor house has a magnificent Michelin-starred dining room showcasing a roll-call of British produce (Derbyshire lamb, Yorkshire game, Cornish crab...) along with vegetables from its kitchen garden. Six sumptuous floral bedrooms are in the main house, with another five larger but less atmospheric rooms in the adjacent garden house (doubles from £155 to £250). Castle InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-812103; www.oldenglishinns.co.uk; Bridge St; W c) The ivy-draped Castle Inn is one of the better pubs in Bakewell, with four centuries of practice in rejuvenating hamstrung hikers. Gourmet burgers are a menu highlight (mains from £8 to £17). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-813227; www.visitpeakdistrict.com; Bridge St; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4.30pm Nov-Mar) In the old Market Hall; the helpful staff can book accommodation. 8Getting There & Away Bakewell lies on the Highpeak bus route. Buses run hourly to Derby (£4.70, 1¼ hours), Matlock Bath (£3.20, 30 minutes) and Buxton (£3.20, 30 minutes). Five services a day continue to Manchester (£5.90, 1¾ hours). Other services include the following: A **Castleton** Bus 173; £3, 25 minutes, three per day A **Chesterfield** Bus 170; £3.10, 45 minutes, hourly # Literary Britain Britain's literary heritage is astoundingly rich and globally renowned. As the English language spread around the world in the colonial era, so too did its literature, with novelists such as Charles Dickens and George Eliot and poets including Samuel Taylor Coleridge being read far from home in the late 18th and 19th centuries. ### Contemporary Literature Contemporary British authors whose works are celebrated worldwide range from heavyweights Julian Barnes, Ian McEwan and double Man Booker Prize–winner Hilary Mantel to EL James, author of the smash-hit _50 Shades of Grey_ trilogy. LaugharneANDREW WILCOX / GETTY IMAGES © ### Children's Literature Beloved children's literature characters such as AA Milne's Winne-the-Pooh, Michael Bond's Paddington Bear, Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit, Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka and JK Rowling's Harry Potter are perennially popular. Newcastle's Seven Stories – The Centre for Children's Books is a wonderful place to get acquainted, or reacquainted, with old and new favourites. West Gate Towers, CanterburyPETER BARRITT / GETTY IMAGES © ### British Playwrights British playwrights' words come to life on stage in London's West End and right across Britain: cities and even small towns have thriving theatres staging classic and cutting-edge productions. Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford-upon-AvonSTEPHEN DOREY / GETTY IMAGES © ### Literary Locations * **Bath** Grandeur that never tired Jane Austen's heroines. * **Canterbury** Synonymous with Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. * **Haworth** Home of the Brontë sisters, surrounded by wuthering moors. * **Lake District** Source of inspiration for William Wordsworth. * **Laugharne** Dylan Thomas' home, with a 'heron-priested shore' and a 'castle as brown as owls'. * **Edinburgh** Unesco's first City of Literature, with links to authors including JK Rowling. * **Stratford-upon-Avon** Birthplace of William Shakespeare. # Yorkshire #### York #### Castle Howard #### Harrogate #### Scarborough #### Helmsley #### Rievaulx #### Pickering #### Whitby #### Robin Hood's Bay #### Skipton #### Grassington #### Malham #### Ribblesdale & the Three Peaks #### Hawes #### Richmond #### Leeds #### Bradford #### Saltaire #### National Coal Mining Museum for England #### Yorkshire Sculpture Park #### Hepworth Wakefield #### Hebden Bridge #### Haworth #### Sheffield #### Hull #### Beverley # Yorkshire ### Why Go? With a population as big as Scotland's and an area half the size of Belgium, Yorkshire is almost a country in itself. It has its own flag, its own dialect and its own celebration, Yorkshire Day (1 August). While local folk are proud to be English, they're even prouder to be natives of 'God's Own County'. What makes Yorkshire so special? First, there's the landscape – with its brooding moors and green dales rolling down to a dramatic coastline, Yorkshire has some of Britain's finest scenery. Second, there's the sheer breadth of history – every facet of the British experience is represented here, from Roman times to the 20th century. But Yorkshire's greatest appeal lies in its people. Industrious and opinionated, they have a wry wit and shrewd friendliness. Stay here for a while and you'll come away believing, like the locals, that God is indeed a Yorkshirewoman. ### When to Go AThe week-long Jorvik Festival in February sees York taken over by a Viking invasion. ASpring brings drifts of yellow daffodils to brighten the roadsides in the Dales and North York Moors; the Three Peaks Race takes place in Horton-in-Ribblesdale. AAgriculture is celebrated at the Great Yorkshire Show in Harrogate in July. At the same time of year Yorkshire's coastal sea cliffs become a frenzy of nesting seabirds. ASeptember is the ideal time for hiking in the Yorkshire Dales; the Walking Festival in Richmond also takes place in this month. York goes all gourmet with its annual 10-day food festival, while Harrogate gets green-fingered during its Autumn Flower Show. ### Best Places to Eat APipe and Glass Inn AVan Zeller AStar Inn ACrafthouse AMannion's ### Best Places to Stay AMillgate House ADevonshire Fell AHelaina AQuebecs ALa Rosa Hotel ## Yorkshire Highlights 1 Exploring the medieval streets of York and its awe-inspiring cathedral 2 Getting off the beaten track and exploring the lesser-known corners of the Yorkshire Dales 3 Wandering among the atmospheric medieval ruins of Fountains Abbey 4 Being beside the seaside at Scarborough with its traditional bucket-and-spade atmosphere 5 Riding on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, one of England's most scenic train lines 6 Sitting on the pier at Whitby and tucking into the world's best fish and chips 7 Reliving the story of _Brideshead Revisited_ amid the aristocratic splendour of Castle Howard 8 Pulling on your hiking boots and tackling the steep paths around scenic Malham Cove 9 Discovering mining's dark side at the National Coal Mining Museum for England a Enjoying the high-tech, hands-on exhibits at Bradford's National Media Museum History As you drive through Yorkshire on the main A1 road, you're following in the footsteps of the Roman legions who conquered northern Britain in the 1st century AD. In fact, many Yorkshire towns – including York, Catterick and Malton – were founded by the Romans, and many modern roads (including the A1, A59, A166 and A1079) follow the alignment of Roman roads. When the Romans departed in the 5th century, native Britons battled for supremacy with invading Teutonic tribe the Angles and, for a while, Yorkshire was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. In the 9th century the Vikings arrived and conquered most of northern Britain, an area that became known as the Danelaw. They divided the territory that is now Yorkshire into _thridings_ (thirds), which met at Jorvik (York), their thriving commercial capital. In 1066 Yorkshire was the scene of a pivotal showdown in the struggle for the English crown, when the Anglo-Saxon king, Harold II, rode north to defeat the forces of the Norwegian king, Harold Hardrada, in the Battle of Stamford Bridge, before returning south for his appointment with William the Conqueror – and a fatal arrow – in the Battle of Hastings. The inhabitants of northern England did not take the subsequent Norman invasion lying down. In order to subdue them, the Norman nobles built a chain of formidable castles throughout Yorkshire, including those at York, Richmond, Scarborough, Pickering and Helmsley. The Norman land grab formed the basis of the great estates that supported England's medieval aristocrats. By the 15th century, the duchies of York and Lancaster had become so wealthy and powerful that they ended up battling for the English throne in the Wars of the Roses (1455−87). The dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII from 1536 to 1540 saw the wealth of the great abbeys of Rievaulx, Fountains and Whitby fall into the hands of noble families, and Yorkshire quietly prospered for 200 years, with fertile farms in the north and the Sheffield cutlery business in the south, until the big bang of the Industrial Revolution transformed the landscape. South Yorkshire became a centre of coal mining and steel-making while west Yorkshire nurtured a massive textile industry, and the cities of Leeds, Bradford, Sheffield and Rotherham flourished. By the late 20th century another revolution was taking place. The heavy industries had died out, and the cities of Yorkshire were reinventing themselves as shiny, high-tech centres of finance, higher education and tourism. 2Activities Yorkshire's varied landscape of wild hills, tranquil valleys, high moors and spectacular coastline offers plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities. See www.outdooryorkshire.com for more details. Cycling Yorkshire's hosting of the start of the 2014 Tour de France saw a huge upsurge in interest in cycling. The county has a vast network of country lanes that are perfect for road cyclists, although the national parks also attract lots of motorists so even minor roads can be busy at weekends. North York MoorsMOUNTAIN BIKING (www.mtb-routes.co.uk/northyorkmoors) Off-road bikers can avail themselves of the network of bridleways, former railways and disused mining tracks now converted for two-wheel use. Dalby Forest (www.forestry.gov.uk/dalbyforest), near Pickering, sports purpose-built mountain-biking trails of all grades from green to black, and there are newly waymarked trails at the Sutton Bank visitor centre. Moor to Sea Cycle RouteCYCLING (www.moortoseacycle.net) A network of routes between Pickering, Danby and the coast includes a 20-mile traffic-free route that follows a disused railway line between Whitby and Scarborough. White Rose Cycle RouteCYCLING (www.sustrans.org.uk; NCN Route 65) A 131-mile road cruise from Middlesbrough to York and on to Hull and Hornsea, via the dramatic western scarp of the North York Moors and the rolling Yorkshire Wolds. There is a traffic-free section on the old railway between Selby and York. Yorkshire Dales CyclewayCYCLING, MOUNTAIN BIKING (www.cyclethedales.org.uk) An exhilarating 130-mile loop, taking in the best of the national park; the website also details the route followed by Stage 1 of the 2014 Tour de France. There's lots of scope for off-road riding, with about 500 miles of bridleways and trails – for inspiration, check out www.mtbthedales.org.uk. Walking For shorter walks and rambles, the best area is the **Yorkshire Dales** , with a great selection of walks through scenic valleys or over wild hilltops, with a few higher summits thrown in for good measure. The East Riding's **Yorkshire Wolds** hold hidden delights, while the quiet valleys and dramatic coast of the **North York Moors** also offer many opportunities. Cleveland WayWALKING (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/clevelandway) A venerable moor-and-coast classic that circles the North York Moors National Park on its 109-mile, nine-day route from Helmsley to Filey. Coast to Coast WalkWALKING (www.wainwright.org.uk/coasttocoast.html) One of England's most popular walks: 190 miles across northern England from the Lake District through the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors National Parks. The Yorkshire section takes a week to 10 days and offers some of the finest walking of its kind in England. Dales WayWALKING (www.dalesway.org.uk) A charming and not-too-strenuous amble from the Yorkshire Dales to the Lake District, following the River Wharfe through the heart of the Dales and finishing at Bowness‑on-Windermere. Pennine WayWALKING (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/pennineway) The Yorkshire section of England's most famous walk runs for more than 100 miles via Hebden Bridge, Malham, Horton-in-Ribblesdale and Hawes, passing near Haworth and Skipton. White Rose WayWALKING (www.whiteroseway.co.uk) A long-distance trail covering the 104 miles from Leeds city centre to Scarborough, taking in remote and picturesque Yorkshire villages along the way. Wolds WayWALKING (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/yorkshirewoldsway) A beautiful but oft-overlooked walk that winds through the most scenic part of Yorkshire's East Riding district. 8Information Yorkshire Tourist BoardTOURIST INFORMATION (www.yorkshire.com) Plenty of general leaflets and brochures are available, for postal and email enquiries only. For more detailed information, contact local tourist offices. 8Getting There & Around The major north–south road transport routes – the M1 and A1 motorways – run through the middle of Yorkshire, serving the key cities of Sheffield, Leeds and York. If you're arriving by sea from northern Europe, Hull in the East Riding district is the region's main port. Traveline Yorkshire ( %0871 200 22 33; www.yorkshiretravel.net) provides public transport information for all of Yorkshire. Bus Long-distance coaches operated by National Express ( %08717 81 81 81; www.nationalexpress.com) serve most cities and large towns in Yorkshire from London, the south of England, the Midlands and Scotland. Bus transport around Yorkshire is frequent and efficient, especially between major towns. Services are more sporadic in the national parks, but are still adequate for reaching most places, particularly in summer months (June to September). Train The main rail line between London and Edinburgh runs through Yorkshire, with at least 10 trains calling each day at York and Doncaster, where you can change trains for other Yorkshire destinations. There are also direct services between the major towns and cities of Yorkshire and other northern cities such as Manchester and Newcastle. For timetable information, contact National Rail Enquiries ( %08457 48 49 50; www.nationalrail.co.uk). ## North Yorkshire This, the largest of Yorkshire's four counties – and the largest county in England – is also the most beautiful. Unlike the rest of northern England, it survived almost unscathed by the Industrial Revolution. Since the Middle Ages, North Yorkshire has been almost exclusively about sheep and the woolly wealth they produce. Rather than closed-down factories, mills and mines, the artificial monuments dotting the landscape in these parts are of the stately variety – the great houses and wealthy abbeys that sit, ruined or restored, as a reminder that there was plenty of money to be made off the sheep's back. All the same, North Yorkshire's biggest attraction is an urban one. While the genteel spa town of Harrogate and the bright and breezy seaside resorts of Scarborough and Whitby have many fans, nothing compares to the unparalleled splendour of York, England's most-visited city outside London. ### York Pop 198,000 Nowhere in northern England says 'medieval' quite like York, a city of extraordinary cultural and historical wealth that has lost little of its pre-industrial lustre. A magnificent circuit of 13th-century walls encloses a medieval spider's web of narrow streets. At its heart lies the immense, awe-inspiring York Minster, one of the most beautiful Gothic cathedrals in the world. York's long history and rich heritage are woven into virtually every brick and beam, and the modern, tourist-oriented city – with its myriad museums, restaurants, cafes and traditional pubs – is a carefully maintained heir to that heritage. Try to avoid the inevitable confusion by remembering that around these parts, _gate_ means street and _bar_ means gate. History In AD 71 the Romans built a garrison called Eboracum, which in time became a large fort with a civilian settlement around it. Hadrian used it as the base for his northern campaign, while Constantine the Great was proclaimed emperor here in AD 306. When the Roman Empire collapsed, the town was taken by the Anglo-Saxons, who renamed it Eoforwic and made it the capital of the independent kingdom of Northumbria. In 625 a Roman priest, Paulinus, arrived and converted King Edwin and his nobles to Christianity; two years later they built the first wooden church here. For most of the next century, the city was a major centre of learning, attracting students from all over Europe. In 866 the next wave of invaders arrived, this time the Vikings, who gave the town a more tongue-friendly name, Jorvik. It was their capital for the next 100 years, and during that time they turned the city into an important trading port. King Eadred of Wessex drove out the last Viking ruler in 954 and reunited Danelaw with the south, but trouble quickly followed. In 1066 King Harold II fended off a Norwegian invasion at Stamford Bridge, east of York, but was defeated by William the Conqueror a few months later in the Battle of Hastings. After William's two wooden castles were captured by an Anglo-Scandinavian army, he torched the entire city (and Durham) and the surrounding countryside. The Normans then set about rebuilding it, adding a grand new minster. Over the next 300 years York (a contraction of the Viking name Jorvik) prospered through royal patronage, textiles, trade and the Church. Throughout the 18th century the city was a fashionable social centre dominated by the aristocracy, who were drawn by its culture and new racecourse. When the railway arrived in 1839, thousands of people were employed in new industries that sprang up around it, such as confectionery (the Terry's and Rowntree's brands were founded here). These industries went into decline in the latter half of the 20th century, but by then a new invader was asking for directions at the city gates, armed only with a guidebook. York 1Top Sights 1City WallsD2 2Jorvik Viking CentreD5 3National Railway MuseumA4 4York MinsterD3 1Sights 5York City Art GalleryC2 6Bootham BarC3 7Choir, Chapter House & NaveD3 8Church of the Holy TrinityD3 9Clifford's TowerD5 10DigE4 11GatehallB3 HospitiumB3 12Micklegate Bar MuseumB5 13Monk BarE3 14Multangular TowerC3 15Museum GardensC3 16Richard III MuseumE2 17ShamblesD4 18St Mary's AbbeyB3 19St Mary's LodgeB3 TowerD3 20Treasurer's HouseD2 Undercroft, Treasury & CryptD3 21York Castle MuseumE6 22Yorkshire MuseumC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 23Association of Voluntary GuidesC3 24Ghost Hunt of YorkD4 25Original Ghost Walk of YorkD5 26York CitysightseeingC3 27YorkBoatD5 28YorkwalkC3 4Sleeping 2923 St Mary'sB2 30AbbeyfieldsB2 31Arnot HouseB1 32Briar Lea Guest HouseA3 33Brontë HouseB1 34Dairy GuesthouseC7 35Elliotts B&BB2 36FortD3 37Hedley House HotelB2 38Monkgate GuesthouseF2 39Mount RoyaleA7 40Safestay YorkB5 41St RaphaelB2 5Eating 42D3 43Ate O'ClockD4 44BettysC4 45Café ConcertoC3 46Cafe No 8C2 47El PianoD3 48Mannion'sC3 49Melton's TooE5 50Olive TreeD5 51Parlour at Grays CourtD2 52Your Bike ShedB5 6Drinking & Nightlife 53Blue BellE4 54King's ArmsD5 55Old White SwanD3 56PivníD4 57Ye Olde StarreD3 3Entertainment 58City Screen PicturehouseC4 59Grand Opera HouseD5 60York Theatre RoyalC3 7Shopping 61Antiques CentreD3 62Ken Spelman BooksellersB5 63Red HouseC3 1Sights oYork MinsterCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkminster.org; Deangate; adult/child £10/free, combined ticket incl tower £15/5; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 12.45-5.30pm Sun, last admission 5pm) The remarkable York Minster is the largest medieval cathedral in all of Northern Europe, and one of the world's most beautiful Gothic buildings. Seat of the archbishop of York, primate of England, it is second in importance only to Canterbury, seat of the primate of _all_ England – the separate titles were created to settle a debate over the true centre of the English church. If this is the only cathedral you visit in England, you'll still walk away satisfied. The first church on this site was a wooden chapel built for the baptism of King Edwin of Northumbria on Easter Day 627, whose location is marked in the crypt. It was replaced with a stone church built on the site of a Roman basilica, parts of which can be seen in the foundations. The first Norman minster was built in the 11th century and, again, you can see surviving fragments in the foundations and crypt. The present minster, built mainly between 1220 and 1480, manages to encompass all the major stages of Gothic architectural development. The transepts (1220−55) were built in Early English style; the octagonal chapter house (1260−90) and nave (1291–1340) in the Decorated style; and the west towers, west front and central (or lantern) tower (1470−72) in Perpendicular style. Choir, Chapter House & NaveCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Entrance to the minster is via the south transept, which was badly damaged by fire in 1984, but has now been fully restored. The stained-glass windows, choir screen and chapter house within are superb examples of English Gothic architecture. As you enter the transept, facing you is the magnificent **Five Sisters Window** , with five lancets over 15m high. This is the minster's oldest complete window; most of its tangle of coloured glass dates from around 1250. Just beyond it to the right is the 13th-century chapter house, a fine example of the Decorated style. Sinuous and intricately carved stonework – there are more than 200 expressive carved heads and figures – surrounds an airy, uninterrupted space. Back in the main church, take note of the unusually tall and wide nave, the aisles of which (to the sides) are roofed in stone in contrast to the central roof, which is wood painted to look like stone. On both sides of the nave are painted stone shields of the nobles who met with Edward II at a parliament in York. Also note the **dragon's head** projecting from the gallery – it's a crane believed to have been used to lift a font cover. There are several fine windows dating from the early 14th century, but the most impressive is the **Great West Window** (1338), with its beautiful heart-shaped stone tracery. Beyond the screen and the choir is the **lady chapel** and, behind it, the **high altar** , which is dominated by the huge **Great East Window** (1405). At 23.7m by 9.4m – roughly the size of a tennis court – it is the world's largest medieval stained-glass window and the cathedral's single most important treasure. Needless to say, its epic size matches the epic theme depicted within: the beginning and end of the world as described in Genesis and the Book of Revelations. Undercroft, Treasury & CryptCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) A set of stairs in the south transept of York Minster leads down to the architecturally outstanding undercroft, treasury and crypt. The treasury houses 11th-century artefacts including relics from the graves of medieval archbishops. The crypt contains fragments from the Norman cathedral, including the font showing King Edwin's baptism, which also marks the site of the original wooden chapel. Look out for the **Doomstone** , a 12th-century carving showing a scene from the Last Judgment with demons casting doomed souls into Hell. In 1967 the minster foundations were shored up when the central tower threatened to collapse; while engineers worked frantically to save the building, archaeologists uncovered Roman and Norman remains that attest to the site's ancient history – one of the most extraordinary finds is a **Roman culvert** , still carrying water to the Ouse. A new interactive exhibit in the Undercroft, **Revealing York Minster** , leads visitors through 2000 years of history on the site of the cathedral. TowerCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) At the heart of York's cathedral is the massive tower, which is well worth climbing for the unparalleled views of York. You'll have to tackle a fairly claustrophobic climb of 275 steps and, most probably, a queue of people with cameras in hand. Access to the tower is near the entrance in the south transept, dominated by the exquisite **Rose Window** , commemorating the union of the royal houses of Lancaster and York through the marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, which ended the Wars of the Roses and began the Tudor dynasty. oNational Railway MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nrm.org.uk; Leeman Rd; h10am-6pm; p c) F While many railway museums are the sole preserve of lone men in anoraks comparing dog-eared notebooks and getting high on the smell of machine oil, coal smoke and nostalgia, this place is different. York's National Railway Museum – the biggest in the world, with more than 100 locomotives – is so well presented and crammed with fascinating stuff that it's interesting even to folk whose eyes don't mist over at the thought of a 4-6-2 A1 Pacific class thundering into a tunnel. Highlights for the trainspotters among us include a replica of George Stephenson's **Rocket** (1829), the world's first 'modern' steam locomotive; the sleek and streamlined **Mallard** , which set the world speed record for a steam locomotive in 1938 (126mph); a 1960s Japanese **Shinkansen bullet train** ; and the world-famous **Flying Scotsman** , the first steam engine to break the 100mph barrier (scheduled to return to the tracks in summer 2015, but still undergoing restoration at the time of writing). There's also a massive 4-6-2 loco from 1949 that's been cut in half so you can see how it works. Even if you're not a rail nerd, you'll enjoy looking through the gleaming, silk-lined carriages of the royal trains used by Queen Victoria and Edward VII, or having a _Brief Encounter_ moment over tea and scones at the museum's station platform cafe called, erm, Brief Encounter. Allow at least two hours to do the museum justice. The museum is about 400m west of the train station and if you don't fancy walking you can ride the **road train** (adult/child £2/1, April to October) that runs between the minster and museum every 30 minutes from 11am to 4pm. oJorvik Viking CentreMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk; Coppergate; adult/child £9.95/6.95; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Interactive multimedia exhibits aimed at bringing history to life often achieve exactly the opposite, but the much-hyped Jorvik manages to pull it off with aplomb. It's a smells-and-all reconstruction of the Viking settlement unearthed here during excavations in the late 1970s, brought to you courtesy of a 'time-car' monorail that transports you through 9th-century Jorvik. You can reduce time waiting in the queue by booking your tickets online and choosing the time you want to visit (£1 extra). While some of the 'you will now travel back in time' malarkey is a bit naff, it's all done with a sense of humour tied to historical authenticity that will give you a pretty good idea of what life must have been like in Viking-era York. In the exhibition at the end of the monorail, look out for the **Lloyds Bank coprolite** , a fossilised human stool that measures an eye-watering nine inches long and half a pound in weight, and must be the only turd in the world to have its own Wikipedia entry. oCity WallsARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h8am-dusk) F If the weather's good, don't miss the chance to walk the City Walls, which follow the line of the original Roman walls and give a whole new perspective on the city. Allow 1½ to two hours for the full circuit of 4.5 miles or, if you're pushed for time, the short stretch from Bootham Bar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) to Monk Bar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) is worth doing for the views of the minster. Start and finish in the Museum Gardens or at Bootham Bar (on the site of a Roman gate), where a multimedia exhibit provides some historical context, and travel clockwise. Highlights include Monk Bar, which is the best-preserved medieval gate and still has a working portcullis, and **Walmgate Bar** , England's only city gate with an intact barbican. At Monk Bar you'll find the Richard III Museum ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.richardiiimuseum.co.uk; adult/child £2.50/free; h9am-5pm Mar-Oct, 9.30am-4pm Nov-Feb), which sets out the case of the murdered 'Princes in the Tower' and invites visitors to judge whether their uncle, Richard III, killed them. Micklegate Bar Museum ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.micklegatebar.com; Micklegate; adult/child £3.50/free; h10am-4.30pm May-Sep, 11am-3.30pm Feb-Apr, Oct & Nov) charts the history of the city walls and the Battle of Towton, chief conflict in the Wars of the Roses. Yorkshire MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkshiremuseum.org.uk; Museum St; adult/child £7.50/free; h10am-5pm) Most of York's Roman archaeology is hidden beneath the medieval city, so the recently revamped displays in the Yorkshire Museum are invaluable if you want to get an idea of what Eboracum was like. There are maps and models of Roman York, funerary monuments, mosaic floors and wall paintings, and a 4th-century bust of Emperor Constantine. There are excellent exhibits on Viking and medieval York as well, including priceless artefacts such as the beautifully decorated 9th-century York helmet and the exquisite 15th-century Middleham Jewel, an engraved gold pendant adorned with a giant sapphire. Kids will enjoy the dinosaur exhibit, centred around giant ichthyosaur fossils from Yorkshire's Jurassic Coast. Museum GardensGARDENS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; entrances on Museum St & Marygate; hdawn-dusk) In the grounds of the peaceful Museum Gardens, you can see the Multangular Tower ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Museum Gardens), a part of the City Walls that was once the western tower of the Roman garrison's defensive ramparts. The Roman stonework at the base has been built over with 13th-century additions. On the other side of the gardens are the ruins of St Mary's Abbey ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Museum Gardens) dating from 1270 to 1294. The ruined Gatehall ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Museum Gardens) was its main entrance, providing access from the abbey to the river. The adjacent Hospitium ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Museum Gardens) dates from the 14th century, although the timber-framed upper storey is a much-restored survivor from the 15th century, used as the abbey guesthouse. St Mary's Lodge ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Museum Gardens) was built in about 1470 to provide VIP accommodation. ShamblesSTREET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) The Shambles takes its name from the Saxon word _shamel,_ meaning 'slaughterhouse' – in 1862 there were 26 butcher shops on this street. Today the butchers are long gone, but this narrow cobbled lane, lined with 15th-century Tudor buildings that overhang so much they seem to meet above your head, is the most picturesque in Britain, and one of the most visited in Europe, often crammed with visitors intent on buying a tacky souvenir before rushing back to the tour bus. York Castle MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkcastlemuseum.org.uk; Tower St; adult/child £8.50/free; h9.30am-5pm) This excellent museum has displays of everyday life through the centuries, with reconstructed domestic interiors, a Victorian street and a prison cell where you can try out a condemned man's bed – in this case, that of highwayman Dick Turpin (imprisoned here before being hanged in 1739). There's a bewildering array of evocative objects from the past 400 years, gathered together by a certain Dr Kirk from the 1920s onwards for fear the items would become obsolete and disappear completely. Treasurer's HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Chapter House St; adult/child £7/3.50; h11am-4.30pm Sat-Thu Apr-Oct, to 3pm Nov) Once home to York Minster's medieval treasurers, this historic house – substantially rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries – contains a fine collection of furniture and offers a fascinating insight into 18th-century life. It is also the setting for one of York's most enduring ghost stories: during the 1950s a plumber working in the basement swore he saw a band of Roman soldiers marching _through_ the walls. DigMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.digyork.com; St Saviour's Church, St Saviourgate; adult/child £6/5.50, Dig & Jorvik combined £14.45/11; h10am-5pm, last admission 4pm; c) Under the same management as Jorvik, Dig cashes in on the popularity of archaeology programs on TV by giving you the chance to be an 'archaeological detective', unearthing the secrets of York's distant past as well as learning something of the archaeologist's world – what they do, how they do it, and so on. Aimed mainly at kids, it's much more hands-on than Jorvik and a lot of its merit depends on how good – and entertaining – your guide is. Clifford's TowerCASTLE (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Tower St; adult/child £4.30/2.60; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) There's precious little left of York Castle except for this evocative stone tower, a highly unusual figure-of-eight design built into the castle's keep after the original one was destroyed in 1190 during anti-Jewish riots. An angry mob forced 150 Jews to be locked inside the tower and the hapless victims took their own lives rather than be killed. There's not much to see inside, but the views over the city are excellent. Church of the Holy TrinityCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Goodramgate; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat May-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Apr) F Tucked away behind an inconspicuous gate and seemingly cut off from the rest of the town, the Church of the Holy Trinity is a fantastically atmospheric old building, having survived almost unchanged for the past 200 years (it has no electricity or running water). Inside are rare 17th- to 18th-century box pews, 15th-century stained glass and wonky walls that seem to have been built without plumb line or spirit level. York City Art GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkartgallery.org.uk; Exhibition Sq; h10am-5pm) F Artists represented here include Joshua Reynolds, Paul Nash, Eugène Boudin, LS Lowry and the controversial York artist William Etty, who, back in the 1820s, was the first major British artist to specialise in painting nudes. Closed for redevelopment at the time of writing, the gallery is due to reopen sometime in 2015. ### THE YORK PASS York PassTOURIST INFORMATION (www.yorkpass.com; 1/2/3 days adult £36/48/58, child £20/24/28) If you plan on visiting a number of sights, you can save yourself some money by using a York Pass. It gives you free access to more than 30 pay-to-visit sights in and around York, including York Minster, Jorvik and Castle Howard. You can buy it at York Tourist Office or online. TTours There's a bewildering range of tours on offer in York, from historic walking tours to ever more competitive night-time ghost tours (York is considered England's most haunted city). Ghost Hunt of YorkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ghosthunt.co.uk; adult/child £5/3; htours 7.30pm) The kids will just love this award-winning and highly entertaining 75-minute tour laced with authentic ghost stories. It begins at the Shambles, whatever the weather (it's never cancelled) and there's no need to book, just turn up and wait till you hear the handbell ringing... YorkwalkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkwalk.co.uk; adult/child £6/5; htours 10.30am & 2.15pm Feb-Nov) Offers a series of two-hour walks on a range of themes, from the classics – Roman York, the snickelways (narrow alleys) and City Walls – to walks focused on chocolates and sweets, women in York, and the inevitable graveyard, coffin and plague tour. Walks depart from Museum Gardens Gate on Museum St; there's no need to book. YorkBoatBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yorkboat.co.uk; King's Staith; adult/child from £7.50/3.50; htours 10.30am, noon, 1.30pm & 3pm Feb-Nov) Hour-long cruises on the River Ouse, departing from King's Staith and, 10 minutes later, Lendal Bridge. Special lunch, dinner and evening cruises are also offered. Original Ghost Walk of YorkWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theoriginalghostwalkofyork.co.uk; adult/child £5/3; htours 8pm) An evening of ghouls, ghosts, mystery and history, courtesy of a well-established group departing from the King's Arms pub by Ouse Bridge. York CitysightseeingBUS TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.city-sightseeing.com; day ticket adult/child £12/5; h9am-5pm mid Feb-Nov) Hop-on/hop-off route with 16 stops, calling at all the main sights. Buses leave every 20 to 30 minutes from Exhibition Sq near York Minster. Association of Voluntary GuidesWALKING TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.avgyork.co.uk; htours 10.15am & 2.15pm Apr-Oct, also 6.45pm Jun-Aug, 10.15am Nov-Mar) F Two-hour walking tours of the city, setting out from Exhibition Sq in front of York City Art Gallery. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### ANDY DEXTROUS: GHOST TOUR GUIDE I love York's outstanding architecture, the maze of 'snickleways' (narrow alleys), the array of small independent shops, the street entertainment and festivals, and the central, green spaces like Museum Gardens. All year round, the streets are full of appreciative visitors from all over the world enjoying the city, relaxing and adding to the atmosphere. #### York's Spookiest Spots Haunted pubs like the Old White Swan, plus the Antiques Centre on Stonegate, which is also haunted. In the streets around the Minster you're always within a breath of a ghost tale. #### Best of York For beer and atmosphere, the Blue Bell. For veggie and vegan food and a place that welcomes children, El Piano. And for sheer ambience, Grays Court. #### Best of Yorkshire Take the North Yorkshire Moors Railway to Goathland, then walk to Mallyan Spout waterfall. Include a drink at the Birch Hall Inn at Beck Hole. For a special meal, there's the Star Inn at Harome or the Stone Trough Inn at Kirkham; stroll down to the abbey ruins before or after your meal. zFestivals & Events Check out the city's full calendar of events at www.yorkfestivals.com. Jorvik Viking FestivalHISTORY (www.jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/festivals) For a week in mid-February, York is invaded by Vikings once again as part of this festival, which features battle re-enactments, themed walks, markets and other bits of Viking-related fun. York Food FestivalFOOD & DRINK (www.yorkfoodfestival.com) For 10 days in September, discover all that's good to eat and drink in Yorkshire, with food stalls, tastings, a beer tent, cookery demonstrations and more. York ChristmasCHRISTMAS (www.visityork.org/christmas) Kicking off with St Nicholas Fayre market in late November, the run-up to Christmas is an extravaganza of street decorations, market stalls, carol singers and mulled wine. 4Sleeping Beds are hard to find in midsummer, even with inflated high season rates. The tourist office's accommodation booking service charges £4, which might be the best four quid you spend if you arrive without a reservation. Needless to say, prices get higher the closer you are to the city centre. However, there are plenty of decent B&Bs on the streets north and south of Bootham. Southwest of the town centre, B&Bs are clustered around Scarcroft Rd, Southlands Rd and Bishopthorpe Rd. It's also worth looking at serviced apartments if you're planning to stay two or three nights. In York Holidays ( %01904-632660; www.inyorkholidays.co.uk) offers a good selection of places from about £110 a night for a two-person apartment. oFortHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-620222; www.thefortyork.co.uk; 1 Little Stonegate; dm from £22, d from £68; W) This new boutique hostel showcases the work of young British designers, creating affordable accommodation with a dash of character and flair. There are six- and eight-bed dorms, along with half a dozen doubles, but don't expect a peaceful retreat – the central location is in the middle of York's nightlife, and there's a lively club downstairs (earplugs are provided!). York YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9051; www.yha.org.uk; 42 Water End, Clifton; dm/q from £21/99; p i W) Originally the Rowntree (Quaker confectioners) mansion, this handsome Victorian house makes a spacious and child-friendly youth hostel, with most of its rooms four-bed dorms. Often busy, so book early. It's about a mile northwest of the city centre; there's a riverside footpath from Lendal Bridge (poorly lit, so avoid after dark). Alternatively, take bus 2 from the train station or Museum St. Safestay YorkHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-627720; www.safestayyork.co.uk; 88-90 Micklegate; dm £16-34, tw £60-72; i W) Housed in a Grade I Georgian building that was once home to the High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and recently taken over by London hostel group Safestay, this is a large and well-equipped boutique hostel popular with school groups and stag and hen parties – don't come here looking for peace and quiet! AbbeyfieldsB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-636471; www.abbeyfields.co.uk; 19 Bootham Tce; s/d from £55/84; W) S Expect a warm welcome and thoughtfully arranged bedrooms here, with chairs and bedside lamps for comfortable reading. Breakfasts are among the best in town, with sausage and bacon from the local butcher, freshly laid eggs from a nearby farm and the aroma of newly baked bread. Elliotts B&BB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-623333; www.elliottshotel.co.uk; 2 Sycamore Pl; s/d from £55/75; p i W) A beautifully converted 'gentleman's residence', Elliotts leans towards the boutique end of the guesthouse market, with stylish and elegant rooms and some designer touches such as contemporary art and colourful textiles. An excellent location, both quiet and central. Hedley House HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-637404; www.hedleyhouse.com; 3 Bootham Tce; r from £113; p W) S This red-brick terrace-house hotel sports a variety of smart, family-friendly accommodation, including rooms that sleep up to five, and some self-catering apartments – plus it has a spa bath on the outdoor terrace at the back, and is barely five minutes' walk from the city centre through the Museum Gardens. Dairy GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-639367; www.dairyguesthouse.co.uk; 3 Scarcroft Rd; d/f from £80/110; W) A lovely Victorian home that has retained many of its original features, including pine doors, stained glass and cast-iron fireplaces. But the real treat here is the flower- and plant-filled courtyard leading to the cottage-style rooms. Minimum two-night stay at weekends. Arnot HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-641966; www.arnothouseyork.co.uk; 17 Grosvenor Tce; r £80-88; W) S With three beautifully decorated rooms (provided you're a fan of Victorian frills and floral patterns), including two with impressive four-poster beds, Arnot House has an authentically old-fashioned atmosphere that appeals to a more mature clientele. No children allowed. Brontë HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-621066; www.bronte-guesthouse.com; 22 Grosvenor Tce; s/d/f from £45/80/100; W) The Brontë has five homely en suite rooms, each individually decorated. Our favourite is the double with a carved 19th-century canopied bed, William Morris wallpaper and assorted bits and pieces from another era. 23 St Mary'sB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-622738; www.23stmarys.co.uk; 23 St Mary's; s/d from £52/85; W) A smart and stately town house with nine chintzy, country-house-style rooms. Some have hand-painted furniture for that rustic look, others are decorated with antiques, lace and polished mahogany. Briar Lea Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-635061; www.briarlea.co.uk; 8 Longfield Tce; s/d from £40/66; W) Clean, basic rooms and a friendly welcome in a central location. St RaphaelB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-645028; www.straphaelguesthouse.co.uk; 44 Queen Anne's Rd; s/d from £75/82; W) Historic house with that distinctive half-timbered look, a great central location and home-baked bread for breakfast. Monkgate GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-655947; www.monkgateguesthouse.com; 65 Monkgate; s/d/f from £45/78/117; p W) Attractive guesthouse with a special family suite that has a separate bedroom for two kids. oMiddlethorpe HallHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-641241; www.middlethorpe.com; Bishopthorpe Rd; s/d from £139/199; p W) This breathtaking 17th-century country house is set in 8 hectares of parkland, once the home of diarist Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The rooms are divided between the main house, restored courtyard buildings and three cottage suites. All the rooms are beautifully decorated with original antiques and oil paintings that have been carefully selected to reflect the period. Mount RoyaleHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-628856; www.mountroyale.co.uk; The Mount; s/d/ste from £95/125/225; p W s) A grand, early-19th-century heritage-listed building converted into a superb luxury hotel, complete with a solarium, beauty spa and outdoor heated tub and swimming pool. The rooms in the main house are gorgeous, but best of all are the open-plan garden suites, reached via an arcade of tropical fruit trees and bougainvillea. 5Eating oMannion'sCAFE, BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-631030; www.mannionandco.co.uk; 1 Blake St; mains £5-9; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) Expect to queue for a table at this busy bistro (no reservations), with its maze of cosy, wood-panelled rooms and selection of daily specials. Regulars on the menu include eggs Benedict for breakfast, a chunky Yorkshire rarebit made with home-baked bread, and lunch platters of cheese and charcuterie from the attached deli. Oh, and pavlova for pudding. Your Bike ShedCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-633777; www.yourbikeshed.co.uk; 148-150 Micklegate; mains £3-7; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun; W v c) S Reinvigorated by the 2014 Tour de France, York's cycling scene has latched onto this cool new cafe and bike workshop. Fitted out with recycled furniture and colourful artwork, it serves reviving portions of halloumi burger, pie and peas or carrot cake to hungry cyclists, washed down with excellent coffee. Cafe No 8CAFE, BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-653074; www.cafeno8.co.uk; 8 Gillygate; 2-/3-course meal £18/22, Fri & Sat £22/27; h10am-10pm; W c) S A cool little place with modern artwork mimicking the Edwardian stained glass at the front, No 8 offers a day-long menu of classic bistro dishes using fresh local produce, including duck breast with blood orange and juniper, and Yorkshire pork belly with star anise, fennel and garlic. It also does breakfast daily (mains £5) and Sunday lunch (three courses £25). Booking recommended. El PianoVEGAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-610676; www.el-piano.com; 15 Grape Lane; mains £10; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-9pm Sun; W v c) S With a menu that's 100% vegan, nut-free and gluten-free, this colourful, Hispanic-style spot is a vegetarian haven. Downstairs there's a lovely cafe and upstairs, three themed rooms. The menu offers dishes such as falafel, onion bhaji, corn fritters and mushroom-and-basil salad, either in tapas-size portions or as mixed platters. There's also a takeaway counter. Parlour at Grays CourtCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.grayscourtyork.com; Chapter House St; mains £8-14; h10am-5pm; W) An unexpected find in the heart of York, this 16th-century house (now a hotel) has more of a country atmosphere. Enjoy gourmet coffee and cake in the sunny garden, or indulge in a light lunch in the historic setting of the oak-panelled Jacobean gallery. The menu runs from Yorkshire rarebit to confit duck, and includes traditional afternoon tea (£18.50). Ate O'ClockBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-644080; www.ateoclock.co.uk; 13a High Ousegate; mains £9-20; h5.30-9pm Mon, noon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat; W) S A tempting menu of classic bistro dishes (sirloin steak, slow-roasted pork belly, pan-fried duck breast) made with fresh Yorkshire produce has made this place hugely popular with locals – best to book a table to avoid disappointment. A three-course dinner costs £19 from 6pm to 7.55pm, Tuesday to Thursday. BettysTEAHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bettys.co.uk; St Helen's Sq; mains £6-14, afternoon tea £18.50; h9am-9pm; c) Old-school afternoon tea, with white-aproned waiters, linen tablecloths and a teapot collection ranged along the walls. The house speciality is the Yorkshire Fat Rascal, a huge fruit scone smothered in melted butter, but the smoked haddock with poached egg and hollandaise sauce (seasonal) is our favourite lunch dish. No bookings – queue for a table at busy times. Olive TreeMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-624433; www.theolivetreeyork.co.uk; 10 Tower St; mains £10-21; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-10pm) Local produce gets a Mediterranean makeover at this bright and breezy bistro. Classic pizza and pasta dishes are complemented by more ambitious recipes such as crayfish and chorizo risotto, and Moroccan lamb stew. The set menu (lunch and dinner, pre-6.30pm Friday and Saturday) offers two courses for £15. 1331STEAK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-661130; www.1331-york.co.uk; 13 Grape Ln; mains £9-17; h6-10pm Mon-Thu, 11am-1am Fri & Sat, 11am-10pm Sun; W v c) This courtyard complex houses a bar, cocktail lounge and even a private cinema, along with this appealing 1st-floor restaurant serving a menu of crowd-pleasing classics ranging from sausage and mash with onion gravy or slow-braised lamb shank, to good old steak and chips. Vegetarians are catered for, too, with a good selection of dishes such as chickpea and coriander burgers. Café ConcertoCAFE, MEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-610478; www.cafeconcerto.biz; 21 High Petergate; mains lunch £5-9, dinner £13-18; h8.30am-10pm) Walls papered with sheet music, chilled jazz on the stereo, and battered, mismatched tables and chairs set the bohemian tone in this comforting coffee shop–cum-bistro. Expect breakfasts, bagels and cappuccinos big enough to float a boat in during the day, and a sophisticated Mediterranean-style menu in the evening. Melton's TooCAFE, BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.meltonstoo.co.uk; 25 Walmgate; tapas £3-6, mains £11-18; h10.30am-midnight Mon-Sat, to 11pm Sun; W) A comfortable, chilled-out cafe, bar and bistro, Melton's Too serves everything from cake and cappuccino to tapas-style snacks and three-course dinners (an early-bird special, served before 7pm, offers three courses for £14). 6Drinking & Nightlife With only a couple of exceptions, the best drinking holes in town are the older, traditional pubs. There are some nice cocktail bars with outdoor seating on Swinegate Court (off Grape Lane), but the area around Ousegate and Micklegate can get a bit rowdy, especially at weekends. oBlue BellPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 53 Fossgate; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) This is what a real English pub looks like – a tiny, 200-year-old wood-panelled room with a smouldering fireplace, decor untouched since 1903, a pile of ancient board games in the corner, friendly and efficient bar staff, and Timothy Taylor and Black Sheep ales on tap. Bliss, with froth on top – if you can get in (it's often full). Ye Olde StarrePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.taylor-walker.co.uk; 40 Stonegate; h11am-11pm Sun-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat) Licensed since 1644, this is York's oldest pub – a warren of small rooms and a small beer garden, with a half-dozen real ales on tap. It was used as a morgue by the Roundheads (supporters of parliament) during the Civil War, but the atmosphere has improved a lot since then. PivníPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; pivni.co.uk; 6 Patrick Pool; hnoon-11.30pm Sun-Thu, 11am-11.30pm Fri & Sat; W) A slick, modern pub set in an ancient half-timbered house, Pivní provides an atmospheric setting for sampling its range of more than 80 draught and bottled craft beers from all over the world. Old White SwanPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nicholsonspubs.co.uk; 80 Goodramgate; h10am-midnight Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat) Popular and atmospheric old pub with a small beer garden and a good range of guest real ales. And it's haunted... King's ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; King's Staith; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat) York's best-known pub enjoys a fabulous riverside location, with tables spilling out onto the quayside. It's the perfect spot on a summer evening, but be prepared to share it with a few hundred other people. 3Entertainment There are a couple of good theatres in York and an interesting art-house cinema. York Theatre RoyalTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-623568; www.yorktheatreroyal.co.uk; St Leonard's Pl) Well-regarded productions of theatre, opera and dance are staged here. Grand Opera HouseLIVE MUSIC, COMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 871 3024; www.grandoperahouseyork.org.uk; Clifford St) Despite the name, there's no opera here; instead, there's a wide range of entertainment from live bands and popular musicals to stand-up comics and pantomime. City Screen PicturehouseCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 902 5726; www.picturehouses.co.uk; 13-17 Coney St) An appealing modern building in a converted printing works, screening both mainstream and art-house films. There's also a nice cafe-bar on the terrace overlooking the river. 7Shopping Coney St, Davygate and the adjoining streets are the hub of York's central-city shopping scene, but the real treat are the antique, bric-a-brac and secondhand bookshops, concentrated in Colliergate, Fossgate and Micklegate. Ken Spelman BooksellersBOOKS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kenspelman.com; 70 Micklegate; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) This fascinating shop has been selling rare, antiquarian and secondhand books since 1910. With an open fire crackling in the grate in winter, it's a browser's paradise. Antiques CentreANTIQUES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theantiquescentreyork.co.uk; 41 Stonegate; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) A Georgian town house with a veritable maze of rooms and corridors, showcasing the wares of about 120 dealers selling everything from lapel pins and snuff boxes to oil paintings and longcase clocks. And the house is haunted as well... Red HouseANTIQUES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.redhouseyork.co.uk; Duncombe Pl; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun) The goods of about 60 antiques dealers are displayed in 10 showrooms spread over two floors, with items ranging from jewellery and porcelain to clocks and furniture. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 22 Lendal; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) York HospitalHOSPITAL/MEDICAL ( %01904-631313; www.yorkhospitals.nhs.uk; Wiggington Rd) Located a mile north of the centre. York Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-550099; www.visityork.org; 1 Museum St; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, shorter hours Oct-Mar) Visitor and transport info for all of Yorkshire, plus accommodation bookings, ticket sales and internet access. 8Getting There & Away Bus For timetable information, call Traveline Yorkshire ( %0871-200 2233; www.yorkshiretravel.net) or check the computerised 24-hour information points at the train station and Rougier St. All local and regional buses stop on Rougier St, about 200m northeast of the train station. York connections: A **Birmingham** £29, 3½ hours, one daily A **London** £31, 5½ hours, three daily A **Newcastle** £15.20, 2¾ hours, two daily Car A car is more hindrance than help in the city centre, so use one of the Park & Ride car parks at the edge of the city. If you want to explore the surrounding area, rental options include Europcar ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 846 4003; www.europcar.co.uk; Train Station, Station Rd; h8am-8.30pm Mon-Sat, 9am-8.30pm Sun), located in the long-stay car park at the train station; Europcar also stores luggage for £4 per bag. Train York is a major railway hub, with frequent direct services to British cities. York connections: A **Birmingham** £45, 2¼ hours, every 30 minutes A **Cambridge** (change at Peterborough) £65, three hours, hourly A **Edinburgh** £80, 2½ hours, every 30 minutes A **Leeds** £13.50, 25 minutes, every 15 minutes A **London Kings Cross** £80, two hours, every 30 minutes A **Manchester** £17, 1½ hours, every 15 minutes A **Newcastle** £16, one hour, every 30 minutes A **Scarborough** £8, 50 minutes, hourly 8Getting Around Central York is easy to get around on foot – you're never more than 20 minutes' walk from any of the major sights. Bicycle The tourist office has a useful free map showing York's cycle routes, or visit **iTravel-York** (www.itravelyork.info/cycling). Castle Howard (15 miles northeast of York via Haxby and Strensall) is an interesting destination, and there's also a section of the **Trans-Pennine Trail cycle path** (www.transpenninetrail.org.uk) from Bishopthorpe in York to Selby (15 miles) along the old railway line. You can rent bikes from Cycle Heaven ( %01904-622701; www.cycle-heaven.co.uk; York Railway Station, Station Rd; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat & Sun, closed Sun Sep-Apr) at the train station for £20 per day. Bus Local bus services are operated by First York (www.firstgroup.com/ukbus/york). Single fares range from £1 to £3, and a day pass valid for all local buses is £3.70 (available at Park & Ride car parks). Taxi Station Taxis ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01904-623332; www.yorkstationtaxis.co.uk; Train Station, Station Rd) has a kiosk outside the train station. #### WORTH A TRIP ### KIRKHAM PRIORY & STONE TROUGH INN While crowds queue up to get into Castle Howard, you could turn off on the other side of the A64 along the minor road to the hamlet of Kirkham. Here, the picturesque ruins of Kirkham Priory (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £3.60/2.20; h10am-6pm Wed-Sun Apr-Sep, daily Aug; p) rise gracefully above the banks of the River Derwent, sporting an impressive 13th-century gatehouse encrusted with heraldic symbols. After a stroll by the river, head up the hill on the far side to the Stone Trough Inn ( %01653-618713; www.stonetroughinn.co.uk; Kirkham; mains £12-18; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-9pm Sat, to 8pm Sun; p W c #) for a spot of lunch. This traditional country inn serves gourmet-style pub grub (try the roast belly pork with black pudding and tarragon cream sauce) and its outdoor terrace has a great view over the valley. ### Castle Howard Castle HowardHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.castlehoward.co.uk; adult/child house & grounds £14/7.50, grounds only £9.50/6; hhouse 11am-4.30pm Apr-Oct, grounds 10am-5pm Mar-Oct & Dec, to 4pm Nov, Jan & Feb; p) Stately homes may be two-a-penny in England, but you'll have to try pretty damn hard to find one as breathtakingly stately as Castle Howard, a work of theatrical grandeur and audacity set in the rolling Howardian Hills. This is one of the world's most beautiful buildings, instantly recognisable from its starring role in the 1980s TV series _Brideshead Revisited_ and in the 2008 film of the same name (both based on Evelyn Waugh's 1945 novel of nostalgia for the English aristocracy). When the Earl of Carlisle hired his pal Sir John Vanbrugh to design his new home in 1699, he was hiring a bloke who had no formal training and was best known as a playwright. Luckily, Vanbrugh hired Nicholas Hawksmoor who had worked as Christopher Wren's clerk of works – not only would Hawksmoor have a big part to play in the house's design, but he and Vanbrugh would later work wonders with Blenheim Palace. Today the house is still home to the Hon Simon Howard and his family and he can often be seen around the place. If you can, try to visit on a weekday when it's easier to find the space to appreciate this hedonistic marriage of art, architecture, landscaping and natural beauty. As you wander about the peacock-haunted grounds, views open up over the hills, Vanbrugh's playful Temple of the Four Winds and Hawksmoor's stately mausoleum, but the great baroque house with its magnificent central cupola is an irresistible visual magnet. Inside, the house is full of treasures – the breathtaking Great Hall with its soaring Corinthian pilasters, Pre-Raphaelite stained glass in the chapel, and corridors lined with classical antiquities. The entrance courtyard has a good cafe, a gift shop and a farm shop filled with foodie delights from local producers. Castle Howard is 15 miles northeast of York, off the A64. There are several organised tours from York – check with the tourist office for up-to-date schedules. Stephenson's of Easingwold (www.stephensonsofeasingwold.co.uk) operates a bus service (£7.50 return, 40 minutes, three times daily Monday to Saturday) linking York with Castle Howard. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### EAT & DRINK LIKE A LOCAL **Yorkshire pudding** The classic local dish, these puffy batter puddings are traditionally served with roast beef, but Yorkshire tearooms often serve them as a dish in themselves, with gravy. Try them at Ye Olde Naked Man in Settle. **Theakston's ale** Theakston's was turning out best bitter long before the term 'craft beer' had ever been thought of. Try it at pubs all over Britain, or at Theakston's Brewery in Masham. **Wensleydale cheese** Famous as the favourite snack of animated characters Wallace and Gromit, this crumbly white cheese is made in the heart of the Yorkshire Dales. Try it at the source, at Wensleydale Creamery in Hawes. **Yorkshire rhubarb** Traditionally grown in the 'rhubarb triangle' near Wakefield, Yorkshire forced rhubarb (early season rhubarb grown in darkness) has achieved Protected Designation of Origin status. Try the Michelin-starred rhubarb trifle at the Pipe and Glass near Beverley. **Curd tart** A very old Yorkshire dish, a bit like cheesecake, traditionally baked for the Whitsun holiday. Try it at Bettys in Harrogate. **Parkin** A rich and sticky cake made with oatmeal and flavoured with ginger and treacle. Try it at Thomas of Helmsley. ### Harrogate Pop 73,580 The quintessential Victorian spa town, prim and pretty Harrogate has long been associated with a certain kind of old-fashioned Englishness – the kind that seems the preserve of retired army majors and formidable dowagers who take the _Daily Telegraph_ and vote Tory. They come to Harrogate to enjoy the flower shows and gardens that fill the town with magnificent displays of colour, especially in spring and autumn. It is fitting that the town's most famous visitor was Agatha Christie, who fled here incognito in 1926 to escape her broken marriage. And yet, this picture of Victoriana redux is not quite complete. While it's undoubtedly true that Harrogate remains a firm favourite of visitors in their golden years, the town has plenty of smart hotels and trendy eateries catering to the boom in Harrogate's newest trade – conferences. All those dynamic young sales-and-marketing guns have to eat and sleep somewhere. 1Sights & Activities Royal Pump Room MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harrogate.gov.uk; Crown Pl; adult/child £3.95/2.30; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun Apr-Oct, to 4pm Jan-Mar) You can learn all about Harrogate's history as a spa town in the ornate Royal Pump Room, built in 1842 over the most famous of the town's sulphurous springs. It gives an insight into how the phenomenon of visiting spas to 'take the waters' shaped the town and records the illustrious visitors it attracted. At the end, you get the chance to sample the spa water, if you dare. The ritual of visiting spa towns as a health cure became fashionable in the 19th century and peaked during the Edwardian era in the years before WWI. Charles Dickens visited Harrogate in 1858 and described it as 'the queerest place, with the strangest people in it, leading the oddest lives of dancing, newspaper-reading and dining' – sounds quite pleasant, really. Montpellier QuarterNEIGHBOURHOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.montpellierharrogate.com) The most attractive part of town is the Montpellier Quarter, overlooking Prospect Gardens between Crescent Rd and Montpellier Hill. It's an area of pedestrianised streets lined with restored 19th-century buildings that are now home to art galleries, antique shops, fashion boutiques, cafes and restaurants − an upmarket annexe to the main shopping area around Oxford and Cambridge Sts. Turkish BathsSPA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-556746; www.turkishbathsharrogate.co.uk; Parliament St; admission £17-29.50, guided tours per person £3.75; hcheck website, guided tours 9-10am Wed) Plunge into Harrogate's past at the town's fabulously tiled Turkish Baths. This mock-Moorish facility is gloriously Victorian and offers a range of watery delights – hot rooms, steam rooms, plunge pools and so on. A visit is likely to last about 1½ hours. There's a complicated schedule of opening hours that are by turns ladies-only and mixed, so call or check online for details. If you prefer to stay dry, there are also guided tours of the building. zFestivals & Events All three of Harrogate's major events are held at the Great Yorkshire Showground, just off the A661 on the southeastern edge of town. Spring Flower ShowHORTICULTURE (www.flowershow.org.uk; admission £14.50-16) The year's main event, held in late April. A colourful three-day extravaganza of blooms and blossoms, flower competitions, gardening demonstrations, market stalls, crafts and gardening shops. Great Yorkshire ShowAGRICULTURE (www.greatyorkshireshow.co.uk; adult/child £25/11) Staged over three days in mid-July by the Yorkshire Agricultural Society. Expect all manner of primped and prettified farm animals competing for prizes, and entertainment ranging from show jumping and falconry to cookery demonstrations and hot-air-balloon rides. Autumn Flower ShowHORTICULTURE (www.flowershow.org.uk; admission £14.50-16) Held in late September, this show has vegetable- and fruit-growing championships, a heaviest-onion competition, cookery demonstrations and children's events. 4Sleeping There are lots of excellent B&Bs and guesthouses just north of Harrogate town centre, on and around Franklin and Ripon Rds. BijouB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-567974; www.thebijou.co.uk; 17 Ripon Rd; s/d from £74/104; p i W) Bijou by name and bijou by nature, this Victorian villa sits firmly at the boutique end of the B&B spectrum – you can tell that a lot of thought and care has gone into its design. The husband-and-wife team who own the place make fantastic hosts, warm and helpful but unobtrusive. Acorn LodgeB&B ( %01423-525630; www.acornlodgeharrogate.co.uk; 1 Studley Rd; s/d from £49/89; p W) Attention to detail makes the difference between an average and an excellent B&B, and the details at Acorn Lodge are spot on – stylish decor, crisp cotton sheets, powerful showers and perfect poached eggs for breakfast. The location is good too, just 10 minutes' walk from the town centre. Harrogate Brasserie HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-505041; www.harrogatebrasserie.co.uk; 26-30 Cheltenham Pde; s/d/f from £85/110/120; p W) Stripped pine, leather armchairs and subtle colour combinations make this one of Harrogate's most appealing places to stay. The cheerful and cosy accommodation is complemented by an excellent restaurant and bar, with live jazz every evening except Saturday. Arden House HotelB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-509224; www.ardenhousehotel.co.uk; 69-71 Franklin Rd; s/d from £50/80; p W) This grand old Edwardian house has been given a modern makeover with stylish contemporary furniture, Egyptian-cotton bed linen and posh toiletries, but still retains some lovely period details, including tiled cast-iron fireplaces. Attentive service, good breakfasts and a central location are the icing on the cake. Hotel du VinBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-856800; www.hotelduvin.com; Prospect Pl; r/ste from £155/315; p i W) An extremely stylish boutique hotel that has made the other lodgings in town sit up and take notice. The loft suites with exposed oak beams, hardwood floors and designer bathrooms are among the nicest rooms in town, but even the standard bedrooms are spacious and very comfortable (though they can be noisy), each with a huge bed draped in soft Egyptian cotton. 5Eating Le JardinBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-507323; www.lejardin-harrogate.com; 7 Montpellier Pde; lunch mains £5-9, 2-/3-course dinner £10/13; h11.30am-2.30pm Tue-Fri, 6-8.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-3pm Sun; c) This cool little bistro has a snug atmosphere, especially in the evening when candlelight adds a romantic glow. During the day, locals throng to the tables to enjoy great salads, sandwiches and homemade ice cream. BettysTEAROOM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bettys.co.uk; 1 Parliament St; mains £6-14, afternoon tea £18.50; h9am-9pm) A classic tearoom in a classic location with views across the park, Betty's is a local institution. It was established in 1919 by a Swiss immigrant confectioner who took the wrong train, ended up in Yorkshire and decided to stay. There are exquisite home-baked breads, scones and cakes, quality tea and coffee, and a gallery hung with art-nouveau marquetry. Le D2BISTRO, FRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.led2.co.uk; 7 Bower Rd; 2-/3-course dinner £21/25; hnoon-2pm & 6-11.30pm Tue-Sat) S This bright and airy bistro is always busy, with diners drawn back again and again by its relaxed atmosphere, warm and friendly service, and hearty menu that takes fresh local produce and adds a twist of French sophistication. A one-course lunch costs £8.95 including a drink. Tannin LevelMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-560595; www.tanninlevel.co.uk; 5 Raglan St; mains £15-25; hnoon-9pm Mon-Thu, to 9.30pm Fri & Sat, to 8pm Sun) S Old terracotta floor tiles, polished mahogany tables and gilt-framed mirrors and paintings create a relaxed yet elegant atmosphere at this popular neighbourhood bistro. A competitively priced menu based on seasonal British produce – think beef braised in Yorkshire ale, or hazelnut-crusted sea bream – means you'd best book a table or face being turned away. SassoITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-508838; www.sassorestaurant.co.uk; 8-10 Princes Sq; mains £10-22; hnoon-3pm & 6pm-midnight Mon-Sat) A top-class basement trattoria where homemade pasta is served in a variety of traditional and authentic ways, along with a host of other Italian specialities. oVan ZellerMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-508762; www.vanzellerrestaurants.co.uk; 8 Montpellier St; 3-course lunch/dinner £35/50; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm Tue-Sat) S Michelin-trained Yorkshire chef Tom van Zeller (who began his career in Bettys) offers exquisite and unusual interpretations of classic British dishes in a refreshingly relaxed atmosphere – 'fine food without the fuss' is his motto. Imaginative starters include smoked hen's egg with morels and a wild garlic and pine nut pesto. The 10-course chef's tasting menu is £85. 3Entertainment Harrogate TheatreTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-502116; www.harrogatetheatre.co.uk; Oxford St) A historic Victorian building that dates from 1900, staging variety, comedy, musicals and dancing. Royal HallMUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-500500; www.royalhall.co.uk; Ripon Rd) A gorgeous Edwardian theatre that is now part of the conference and events venue Harrogate International Centre. The musical program covers orchestral and choral performances, piano recitals, jazz and more. 8Information Harrogate Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01423-537300; www.visitharrogate.co.uk; Crescent Rd; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-1pm Sun Apr-Oct, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 11 Cambridge Rd; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away A **Bus** National Express coaches run from Leeds (£3.90, 40 minutes, four daily). Bus 36 comes from Ripon (£6, 30 minutes, every 15 minutes) and continues to Leeds. A **Train** Trains run to Harrogate from Leeds (£7.90, 40 minutes, every 30 minutes) and York (£8.10, 45 minutes, hourly). ### THE TUNNY CLUB Strange but true: in the 1930s Atlantic bluefin tuna (also known as tunny) started to follow the herring shoals into the North Sea, and Yorkshire became the hub of an American-style big-game fishery. Professional hunter Lorenzo Mitchell-Henry set the record for a rod-caught fish in British waters when he landed a 386kg monster in 1933, and Scarborough was soon home to the Tunny Club of Great Britain. Visiting millionaires and movie stars chartered local boats and vied with each other to smash the record. Overfishing led to the disappearance of the herring shoals in the 1950s, and with them the tunny. However, in recent years the ocean giants have returned to British waters, attracted by warmer sea temperatures (a result of climate change) and recovering herring stocks. Meanwhile, the only evidence that remains of the fishery in Scarborough is the former premises of the Tunny Club ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1 Sandgate; mains £4-7; h11am-11pm), now a fish-and-chip shop whose upstairs dining room is filled with big-game fishing memorabilia. ### Scarborough Pop 61,750 Scarborough is where the tradition of English seaside holidays began – and it began earlier than you might think. It was in the 1660s that a book promoting the medicinal properties of a local spring (now the site of Scarborough Spa) pulled in the first flood of visitors. A belief in the health-giving effects of sea bathing saw wheeled bathing carriages appear on the beach in the 1730s, and with the arrival of the railway in 1845 Scarborough's fate was sealed. By the time the 20th century rolled in, it was all donkey rides, fish and chips, and boat trips round the bay, with saucy postcards, beauty contests and slot-machine arcades only a decade or two away. Like all British seaside towns, Scarborough suffered a downturn in recent decades as people jetted off to the Costa Blanca on newly affordable foreign holidays, but things are looking up again. The town retains all the trappings of the classic seaside resort, but is in the process of reinventing itself as a centre for the creative arts and digital industries. The Victorian spa has been redeveloped as a conference and entertainment centre, a former museum has been converted into studio space for artists, and there's free, open-access wi-fi along the promenade beside the harbour – an area being promoted as the town's bar, cafe and restaurant quarter. As well as the usual seaside attractions, Scarborough offers excellent coastal walking, a geology museum, one of Yorkshire's most impressively sited castles, and a renowned theatre that is the home base for popular playwright Alan Ayckbourn, whose plays always premiere here. Scarborough 1Top Sights 1Rotunda MuseumB3 2Scarborough CastleD1 1Sights 3Grave of Anne BrontëC1 4Peasholm ParkA1 5St Mary's ChurchC1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 6Secretspot Surf ShopB3 4Sleeping 7HelainaB1 8InterludesC2 9North Bay Guest HouseA1 10Regency Central HotelB3 11WindmillA3 5Eating 12Bonnet'sB3 13Golden GridC2 14Jeremy'sA1 15LanternaB2 16Naylor'sB2 17RoastersB3 18Tunny ClubC2 3Entertainment 19Scarborough SpaB4 20Stephen Joseph TheatreA3 1Sights oScarborough CastleCASTLE (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5/3; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun only Nov-Mar) The massive medieval keep of Scarborough Castle occupies a commanding position atop its headland. Legend has it that Richard I loved the views from here so much that his ghost just keeps coming back. Take a walk out to the edge of the cliffs, where you can see the 2000-year-old remains of a **Roman signal station** ; clearly the Romans appreciated this viewpoint, too. oRotunda MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rotundamuseum.co.uk; Vernon Rd; adult/child £3/free; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; c) The Rotunda Museum is dedicated to the coastal geology of northeast Yorkshire, which has yielded many of Britain's most important dinosaur fossils. The strata in the local cliffs were also important in deciphering England's geological history. Founded by William Smith, 'the father of English geology', who lived in Scarborough in the 1820s, the museum has original Victorian exhibits as well as a hands-on gallery for kids. Sea Life Centre & Marine SanctuaryAQUARIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sealife.co.uk; Scalby Mills; admission £16.20, family per person £13.20; h10am-5pm; p c) Of all the family-oriented attractions on the waterfront, the best of the lot is the Sea Life Centre overlooking North Bay. You can see coral reefs, turtles, octopuses, seahorses, otters and many other fascinating creatures, though the biggest draw is the **Seal Rescue Centre** (feeding times 11.30am and 2.30pm). It's at the far north end of North Beach – the miniature North Bay Railway ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nbr.org.uk; return adult/child £3.30/2.70; h10.30am-3pm daily Apr-Sep, Sat & Sun year-round) runs the three-quarter-mile route. A lot of the attractions are outdoors, so it's not an ideal rainy-day refuge. Peasholm ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.peasholmpark.com; Columbus Ravine; h24hr) Set back from North Bay, Scarborough's beautiful Edwardian pleasure gardens are famous for their summer sessions of Naval Warfare ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; adult/child £3.90/2.10; h3pm selected dates Jun-Aug), when large model ships re-enact famous naval battles on the boating lake (check the website for dates). St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle Rd; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, 1-4pm Sun May-Sep) This church dates from the 12th to the 15th centuries (boards inside explain its history), but it is most notable for the little cemetery across the lane that contains the grave of Anne Brontë ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). 2Activities There are some decent waves on England's northeast coast, supporting a growing surf scene. A top spot is **Cayton Bay** , 4 miles south of town, where you'll find Scarborough Surf School ( %01723-585585; www.scarboroughsurfschool.co.uk; Cayton Bay; parking £2) offering full-day lessons for £45 per person and surfboard hire for £18 per day. Back in town, you can get information and advice from the Secretspot Surf Shop ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.secretspot.co.uk; 4 Pavilion Tce) near the train station. 4Sleeping In Scarborough, if a house has four walls and a roof it will offer B&B. Competition is intense, and in such a tough market multi-night-stay special offers are a dime a dozen, which means single-night rates are the highest of all. Scarborough YHAHOSTEL ( %01723-361176; www.yha.org.uk; Burniston Rd; dm/q from £18/60; p) An idyllic hostel set in a converted 17th-century water mill, 2 miles north of town along the A166 to Whitby. Take bus 3 or 3A from York Pl. oHelainaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-375191; www.hotelhelaina.co.uk; 14 Blenheim Tce; s/d from £79/89; hdaily Apr-Nov, Fri & Sat only Feb & Mar; W) Location, location, location – you'd be hard pushed to find a place with a better sea view than this elegant guesthouse perched on the clifftop overlooking North Beach. And the view inside is pretty good, too, with sharply styled contemporary furniture and cool colours. It's well worth paying extra for the deluxe sea-view room with bay window (£119). WavesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-373658; www.scarboroughwaves.co.uk; 39 Esplanade Rd, South Cliff; s/d from £39/68; p W) S Crisp cotton sheets and powerful showers make for comfortable accommodation at this B&B, but it's the second B that's the real star – the breakfasts range from vegan-friendly fruit salads and smoothies to fry-ups, kippers and kedgeree. A unique selling point is the jukebox in the lounge, loaded with 1960s and '70s hits. The property is 0.75 miles south of the centre, off the A165 (Ramshill Rd). North Bay Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-374406; www.northbay-scarborough.co.uk; 137 Columbus Ravine; s/d from £28/60; W #) Cosy and colourful bedrooms, big breakfasts and wonderfully welcoming owners come together to create exceptional value at this excellent B&B, within easy walking distance of Peasholm Park, North Bay Railway and the beach at North Bay. WindmillB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-372735; www.windmill-hotel.co.uk; Mill St; d from £85; p W) Quirky doesn't begin to describe this place, a beautifully converted 18th-century windmill in the middle of town. There are two self-catering cottages and three four-poster doubles around a cobbled courtyard, but try to secure the balcony suite (from £110 a night) in the upper floors of the windmill itself, with great views from the wraparound balcony. InterludesB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-360513; www.interludeshotel.co.uk; 32 Princess St; s/d £45/70; W) Owners Ian and Bob have a flair for the theatrical and have enacted it with visible success on this lovely, gay-friendly Georgian home plastered with old theatre posters, prints and other thespian mementos. The individually decorated rooms are given to colourful flights of fancy that are guaranteed to put a smile on your face. No children. Regency Central HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-365766; www.regencycentralhotel.com; 1-3 The Crescent; s/d from £100/149; p W) Set in an elegant Georgian terrace in the middle of town, on a quiet street overlooking gardens, this recently refurbished hotel combines old-fashioned style – think swagged drapes and sink-up-to-your-waist sofas – and spacious rooms with attentive but friendly and informal service. #### WORTH A TRIP ### BLACK SHEEP OF THE BREWING FAMILY The village of Masham (pronounced 'Massam') is a place of pilgrimage for connoisseurs of real ale – it's the frothing fountainhead of Theakston's beers, brewed here since 1827. The company's most famous brew, Old Peculier, takes its name from the Peculier of Masham, a parish court established in medieval times to deal with religious offences, including drunkenness, brawling and 'taking a skull from the churchyard and placing it under a person's head to charm them to sleep'. The court seal is used as the emblem for Theakston Ales. To the horror of real-ale fans, and after much falling-out among Theakston family members, the Theakston Brewery was taken over by megabrewer Scottish & Newcastle in 1987. Five years later, Paul Theakston, who refused to work for S&N and was determined to keep small-scale artisan brewing alive, bought an old maltings building in Masham and set up his own brewery, which he named Black Sheep. He managed to salvage all kinds of traditional brewing equipment, including six Yorkshire 'stone square' brewing vessels, and was soon running a successful enterprise. History came full circle in 2004 when Paul's four brothers took the Theakston brewery back into family ownership. Both Black Sheep Brewery ( %01765-680101; www.blacksheepbrewery.com; tours £6.95; h10am-5pm Sun-Wed, to 11pm Thu-Sat) and Theakston's Brewery ( %01765-680000; www.theakstons.co.uk; tour £6.95; h10.30am-5.30pm Jul & Aug, to 4.30pm Sep-Jun) have visitor centres and offer guided tours (best booked in advance). Masham is 9 miles northwest of Ripon on the A6108 to Leyburn. Bus 159 from Richmond to Ripon stops at Masham (£4, 30 minutes, two or three daily). 5Eating Glass HouseCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-368791; www.glasshousebistro.co.uk; Burniston Rd; mains £4-8; h10am-4.30pm; W c) Homemade lasagne, steak-and-ale pie and filled baked potatoes pull in the lunchtime crowds at this appealing (and always busy) cafe beside the start of the North Bay Railway. Fried breakfasts, sandwiches, cakes and scones fill the menu for the rest of the day. RoastersCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.roasterscoffee.co.uk; 8 Aberdeen Walk; mains £4-6; h9am-5pm) A funky coffee shop with chunky pine tables, bentwood chairs and an excellent range of freshly ground coffees. There's a juice and smoothie bar, too, and the lunch menu includes ciabatta sandwiches, salads and jacket potatoes. Bonnet'sTEAROOM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 38-40 Huntriss Row; mains £5-9; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) One of the oldest cafes in town (established in 1880), Bonnet's serves delicious cakes and light meals in a quiet courtyard. Naylor'sFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 45 Aberdeen Walk; mains £4-5; h11.30am-6pm Mon-Thu, to 7pm Fri & Sat) Currently riding high in the local charts for best fish and chips in Scarborough. oJeremy'sBRITISH, FRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-363871; www.jeremys.co; 33 Victoria Park Ave; mains £16-24, 3-course Sun lunch £25; h6-9.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-3pm Sun; c) S A fantastic neighbourhood bistro run by a chef who won his Michelin credential with Marco Pierre White, this off-the-beaten-track gem sports an art-deco ambience and a menu that blends the best of Yorkshire and British produce with French inventiveness and flair. Best to book at weekends. Golden GridFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.goldengrid.co.uk; 4 Sandside; mains £8-18; h11.30am-11pm; c) Whoever said fish and chips can't be eaten with dignity hasn't tried the Golden Grid, a sit-down fish restaurant that has been serving the best cod in Scarborough since 1883. Its starched white tablecloths and starched white aprons are staunchly traditional, as is the menu – as well as seafood there's sausage and mash, liver and bacon, and steak and chips. oLanternaITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-363616; www.lanterna-ristorante.co.uk; 33 Queen St; mains £15-24; h7-10pm Mon-Sat) S A snug, old-fashioned Italian trattoria that specialises in fresh local seafood (including lobster; from £32) and classic dishes from the old country such as _stufato de ceci_ (chickpea stew with oxtail) and white-truffle dishes in season (October to December; £30 to £45). As well as sourcing Yorkshire produce, the chef imports delicacies direct from Italy. 3Entertainment Stephen Joseph TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-370541; www.sjt.uk.com; Westborough) A good range of drama is staged here, including the premieres of plays by the renowned chronicler of middle-class mores, Alan Ayckbourn. Scarborough SpaVARIETY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-821888; www.scarboroughspa.co.uk; Foreshore Rd) The revitalised spa complex stages a varied program of entertainment, especially in the summer months – orchestral performances, variety shows, popular musicals and old-fashioned afternoon-tea dances. 8Information FreeBay WifiINTERNET ( W) Free wi-fi internet access along the harbourfront from West Pier to East Pier. Harbour Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Sandside; h10am-5.30pm Easter-Oct, to 9pm Jul & Aug) Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 11-15 Aberdeen Walk; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 12.30pm Sat) Scarborough Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01723-383637; www.discoveryorkshirecoast.com; Brunswick Shopping Centre, Westborough; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar; W) ### FOUNTAINS ABBEY & STUDLEY ROYAL Nestled in the secluded valley of the River Skell are two of Yorkshire's most beautiful attractions, an absolute must on any northern itinerary. Fountains Abbey & Studley RoyalRUIN (NT; www.fountainsabbey.org.uk; adult/child £10.50/5.25; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Sat-Thu Oct-Mar) The alluring and strangely obsessive water gardens of the Studley Royal estate were built in the 18th century to enhance the picturesque ruins of 12th-century Fountains Abbey. Together, they present a breathtaking picture of pastoral elegance and tranquillity that have made them a Unesco World Heritage Site and the most visited of all the National Trust's pay-to-enter properties. After falling out with the Benedictines of York in 1132, a band of rebel monks came here to establish their own monastery. Struggling to make it alone, they were formally adopted by the Cistercians in 1135. By the middle of the 13th century, the new abbey had become the most successful Cistercian venture in the country. After the Dissolution, when Henry VIII confiscated church property, the abbey's estate was sold into private hands, and between 1598 and 1611 **Fountains Hall** was built using stone from the abbey ruins. The hall and ruins were united with the Studley Royal estate in 1768. Studley Royal was owned by John Aislabie, once Chancellor of the Exchequer, who dedicated his life to creating the park after a financial scandal saw him expelled from parliament. The main house of Studley Royal burnt down in 1946, but the superb landscaping, with its serene artificial lakes, survives almost unchanged from the 18th century. A choice of scenic walking trails leads for a mile to the famous water gardens, designed to enhance the romantic views of the ruined abbey. Don't miss St Mary's Church (Studley Royal; admission free; hnoon-4pm Apr-Sep) above the gardens, a neo-Gothic jewel designed by William Burgess, and ask the attendant to point out the trademark mouse carved into the stone of the mausoleum. The remains of the abbey are impressively grandiose, gathered around the sunny Romanesque **cloister** , with a huge vaulted **cellarium** leading off the west end of the church. Here, the abbey's 200 lay brothers lived, and food and wool from the abbey's farms were stored. At the east end is the soaring **Chapel of Nine Altars** and on the outside of its northeast window is a Green Man carving (a pre-Christian fertility symbol). Fountains Abbey is 4 miles west of Ripon off the B6265. Bus 139 travels from Ripon to Fountains Abbey visitor centre year-round (£2.60 return, 15 minutes, four times daily Monday to Saturday, seven on Sundays in summer). 8Getting There & Away A **Bus** Bus 128 travels along the A170 from Helmsley to Scarborough (£7.60, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, six on Sunday) via Pickering, while buses 93 and X93 come from Whitby (£5.60, one hour, every 30 minutes) via Robin Hood's Bay (hourly). Bus 843 goes to Scarborough from Leeds (£12, 2¾ hours, hourly) via York (£11, 1¾ hours, hourly). A **Train** There are regular trains from Hull (£15.10, 1½ hours, hourly), Leeds (£18, 1¼ hours, hourly) and York (£15, 50 minutes, hourly). 8Getting Around Tiny Victorian-era funicular railways (per person 80p; h9.30am-5.30pm Feb-Oct) rattle up and down Scarborough's steep cliffs between town and beach. Local buses leave from the western end of Westborough and outside the train station. For a taxi, call Station Taxis ( %01723-366366; www.taxisinscarborough.co.uk); £5 should get you to most places in town. ## North York Moors National Park Inland from the north Yorkshire coast, the wild and windswept North York Moors rise in desolate splendour. Three-quarters of all the world's heather moorland is to be found in Britain, and this is the largest expanse in England. Ridge-top roads climb up from lush green valleys to the bleak open moors, where weather-beaten stone crosses mark the lines of ancient roadways. In summer, heather blooms in billowing drifts of purple haze. This is classic walking country. The moors are criss-crossed with footpaths old and new, and dotted with pretty, flower-bedecked villages. The national park is also home to one of England's most picturesque steam railways. The park produces the useful _Out & About_ visitor guide, available from tourist offices and hotels, with information on things to see and do. See also www.northyorkmoors.org.uk. 8Information There are two national park visitor centres, providing information on walking, cycling, wildlife and public transport: Moors National Park CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01439-772737; www.northyorkmoors.org.uk; Lodge Lane, Danby; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Mar, Sat & Sun only Jan-Feb) Sutton Bank National Park CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01845-597426; www.northyorkmoors.org.uk; Sutton Bank, by Thirsk; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Mar, Sat & Sun only Jan-Feb; W) 8Getting Around On Sundays and bank holiday Mondays from late May to September, the Moors Explorer ( %01482-592929; www.eyms.co.uk) bus service runs from Hull to the Moors National Park Centre in Danby, via Beverley, Pickering, Hutton-le-Hole and the Lion Inn at Blakey, with a shuttle between Danby and Pickering. An all-day hop-on/hop-off ticket costs £12.50. If you're planning to drive on the minor roads over the moors, beware of wandering sheep and lambs – hundreds are killed by careless drivers every year. ### Helmsley Pop 1515 Helmsley is a classic North Yorkshire market town, a handsome huddle of old stone houses, historic coaching inns and – inevitably – a cobbled market square (market day is Friday), all basking under the watchful gaze of a sturdy Norman castle. Nearby are the romantic ruins of Rievaulx Abbey and a fistful of country walks. 1Sights & Activities Helmsley CastleCASTLE (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.20/3.10; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) The impressive ruins of 12th-century Helmsley Castle are defended by a striking series of deep ditches and banks, to which later rulers added the thick stone walls and defensive towers. Only one tooth-shaped tower survives today, following the dismantling of the fortress by Sir Thomas Fairfax after the Civil War. The castle's tumultuous history is well explained in the visitor centre. Helmsley Walled GardenGARDENS (www.helmsleywalledgarden.org.uk; adult/child £6/free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) Helmsley Walled Garden would be just another plant-and-produce centre were it not for its dramatic position next to Helmsley Castle and fabulous selection of flowers, fruits and vegetables (some of them rare), not to mention the herbs, which include 40 varieties of mint. If you're into horticulture with a historical twist, this is Eden. Duncombe Park GardensGARDENS (www.duncombepark.com; adult/child £5/3; h10.30am-5pm Sun-Fri May-Aug) South of Helmsley lies the superb landscape of Duncombe Park estate, with the stately home of Duncombe Park House at its heart. From the house (not open to the public) and formal gardens, wide grassy walkways and terraces lead through woodland to mock-classical temples, while longer walking trails are set out in the landscaped parkland, now protected as a nature reserve. You could easily spend a day here, especially if you take in one of the many walks. Cream of the crop is the 3.5-mile route to Rievaulx Abbey, and the tourist office can provide route leaflets and advise on buses if you don't want to walk both ways. This route is also the opening section of the Cleveland Way. 4Sleeping Helmsley YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9638; www.yha.org.uk; Carlton Lane; dm/q £21/91; p) This hostel's location, just 400m east of the market square at the start of the Cleveland Way, means it's often busy, so book in advance. Wrens of RyedaleCAMPSITE ( %01439-771260; www.wrensofryedale.co.uk; Gale Lane; site & 1 person £12, with car & 2 people £20; hApr-Oct; W) A sheltered campsite with more than a hectare of pristine parkland 3 miles east of Helmsley, just south of Beadlam. Feathers HotelINN ( %01439-770275; www.feathershotelhelmsley.co.uk; Market Pl; s/d from £70/80) One of a number of old coaching inns on the market square that offer B&B, decent grub and a pint of hand-pumped real ale. There are four-poster beds in some rooms and historical trimmings throughout. Feversham ArmsHOTEL ( %01439-770766; www.fevershamarms.com; High St; r from £130; p W s) A rustic hotel given a designer makeover, the Feversham Arms has a snug and sophisticated atmosphere where country charm meets boutique chic. Individually decorated bedrooms are complemented by an excellent restaurant, spa treatments and a heated outdoor pool in the central courtyard. 5Eating Helmsley is a bit of a foodie town, sporting a couple of quality delicatessens on the main square. There's Thomas of Helmsley (18 Market Pl; h7.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun), a butcher and deli specialising in local produce, and Hunters of Helmsley (www.huntersofhelmsley.com; 13 Market Pl; h8am-5.30pm), offering a cornucopia of locally made chutneys, jams, beers, cheeses, bacon, humbug sweets and ice cream – a great place to stock up for a gourmet picnic. oStar InnGASTROPUB ( %01439-770397; www.thestaratharome.co.uk; Harome; mains £19-29; h11.30am-2pm Tue-Sat, 6.15-9.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun; p c) S This thatch-roofed country pub is home to one of Yorkshire's best restaurants, with a menu specialising in top-quality produce from the surrounding countryside: Whitby turbot with smoked eel and beetroot or roast English quail with wild mushrooms and truffle. There's also a set three-course menu for £25 (Monday to Saturday). Harome is about 2 miles southeast of Helmsley off the A170. The Star is the sort of place you won't want to leave, and the good news is you don't have to – the adjacent lodge has eight magnificent bedrooms (£170 to £260), each decorated in classic but luxurious country style. 8Information The tourist office ( %01439-770173; Castlegate; h9.30am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, 10am-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Feb) at the castle entrance sells maps and books, and can help with accommodation. 8Getting There & Away All buses stop in the main square. Bus 31X runs from York to Helmsley (£7.60, 1¼ hours, four daily Monday to Saturday). From Scarborough, take bus 128 (£7.60, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, four times on Sunday) via Pickering. ### Rievaulx Rievaulx AbbeyRUIN (www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £6.20/3.70; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun only Nov-Mar; p) In the secluded valley of the River Rye, amid fields and woods loud with birdsong, stand the magnificent ruins of Rievaulx Abbey (pronounced 'ree-voh'). The extensive remains give a wonderful sense of the size and complexity of the community that once lived here, and their story is fleshed out in a series of fascinating exhibits in the neighbouring visitor centre. This idyllic spot was chosen by Cistercian monks in 1132 as a base for their missionary activity in northern Britain. St Aelred, the third abbot, famously described the abbey's setting as 'everywhere peace, everywhere serenity, and a marvellous freedom from the tumult of the world'. But the monks of Rievaulx were far from unworldly and soon created a network of commercial interests ranging from sheep farms to lead mines. In the 1750s, landscape-gardening fashion favoured a Gothic look and many aristocrats had mock ruins built in their parks. The Duncombe family were able to go one better, as their lands contained a real medieval ruin, Rievaulx Abbey. They built Rievaulx Terrace and Temples (www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £5.95/3; h11am-5pm Mar-Oct; p) so that lords and ladies could stroll effortlessly in 'the wilderness' and admire the abbey in the valley below. Visitors today can do the same, with views over Ryedale and the Hambleton Hills forming a perfect backdrop. Rievaulx is located about 3 miles west of Helmsley. Note that there's no direct access between the abbey and the terrace. Their entrance gates are about a mile apart, though easily reached along a lane (steeply uphill if you're heading from the abbey to the terrace). ### Pickering Pop 6590 Pickering is a lively market town with an imposing Norman castle that advertises itself as the 'gateway to the North York Moors'. That gateway is the terminus of the wonderful North Yorkshire Moors Railway, a picturesque survivor from the great days of steam. The tourist office ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01751-473791; The Ropery; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun Mar-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Feb) has the usual details, as well as plenty of railway-related info. 1Sights North Yorkshire Moors RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (NYMR; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nymr.co.uk; Pickering-Whitby day-rover ticket adult/child £25/12.50; hMay-Oct) The privately owned North Yorkshire Moors Railway runs for 18 miles through beautiful countryside from Pickering to Grosmont. Lovingly restored steam locos pull period carriages resplendent with polished brass and bright paintwork, and the railway appeals to train buffs and day trippers alike. For visitors without wheels, it's excellent for reaching out-of-the-way spots. Grosmont is on the main railway line between Middlesbrough and Whitby, which opens up yet more possibilities for walking or sightseeing day trips. Pickering CastleCASTLE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.20/2.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct) Pickering Castle is a lot like the castles we drew as kids: thick stone outer walls circle the keep, and the whole lot is perched atop a high motte (mound) with great views of the surrounding countryside. Founded by William the Conqueror, it was added to and altered by later kings. 4Sleeping & Eating There's a strip of B&Bs on tree-lined Eastgate (on the A170 to Scarborough) and a few more on Westgate (heading towards Helmsley). Decent options include Eleven Westgate ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01751-475111; www.elevenwestgate.co.uk; 11 Westgate; s/d from £49/75; W), a pretty house with patio and garden, and the elegant Georgian town house at 17 Burgate ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01751-473463; www.17burgate.co.uk; 17 Burgate; s/d from £85/99; i W). There are several cafes and teashops on Market Pl, but don't overlook the tearoom ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; mains £4-6; h8.30am-4pm) at Pickering station, which serves excellent home-baked goodies and tasty lunch specials such as Yorkshire pudding with roast beef and gravy. oWhite Swan HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01751-472288; www.white-swan.co.uk; Market Pl; r from £149; p W) S The top spot in town successfully combines a smart pub, a superb restaurant serving local produce cooked with a continental twist (mains £14 to £25), and a luxurious boutique hotel. Nine modern rooms in the converted coach house up the ante, with flatscreen TVs and other stylish paraphernalia adding to the luxury found throughout the hotel. 8Getting There & Away In addition to the NYMR trains, bus 128 between Helmsley (£4.50, 40 minutes) and Scarborough (£5.50, 50 minutes) runs hourly via Pickering. Bus 840 between Leeds and Whitby links Pickering with York (£8.80, 70 minutes, hourly). ### Whitby Pop 13,215 Whitby is a town of two halves, split down the middle by the mouth of the River Esk. It's also a town with two personalities – on the one hand, a busy commercial and fishing port with a bustling quayside fish market; on the other, a traditional seaside resort, complete with sandy beach, amusement arcades and promenading holidaymakers slurping ice-cream cones in the sun. It's the combination of these two facets that makes Whitby more interesting than your average resort. The town has managed to retain much of its 18th-century character, recalling the time when James Cook – Whitby's most famous adopted son – was making his first forays out to sea on his way to becoming one of the best-known explorers in history. The narrow streets and alleys of the old town hug the riverside, now lined with restaurants, pubs and cute little shops, all with views across the handsome harbour where colourful fishing boats land their catch. Keeping a watchful eye over the whole scene is the atmospheric ruined abbey atop the East Cliff. But Whitby also has a darker side. Most famously, it was the inspiration and setting for part of Bram Stoker's Gothic horror story _Dracula_. Less well known is the fact that Whitby is famous for the jet (fossilised wood) that has been mined from its sea cliffs for centuries. This smooth black substance was popularised in the 19th century when Queen Victoria took to wearing mourning jewellery made from Whitby jet. In recent years these morbid associations have seen the rise of a series of hugely popular goth festivals. Whitby 1Top Sights 1Captain Cook Memorial MuseumC2 2Whitby AbbeyD2 1Sights 3Bram Stoker memorial seatB1 4St Mary's ChurchD2 5Whitby MuseumA3 6Whitby SandsB1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 7Dr Crank's Bike ShackB2 4Sleeping 8Argyle HouseA2 9BramblewickB2 10La Rosa HotelB1 11Langley HotelA1 12Marine HotelC1 13Rosslyn HouseB1 14Shepherd's PurseC2 15Whitby YHAD2 5Eating 16Green'sC2 17Humble Pie 'n' MashC2 18Java Cafe-BarC2 19Magpie CafeC1 20Moon & SixpenceC2 21QuaysideC1 6Drinking & Nightlife 22Duke of YorkC2 23Station InnC3 ### CAPTAIN COOK – WHITBY'S ADOPTED SON Although he was born in Marton (now a suburb of Middlesbrough), the renowned explorer Captain James Cook has been adopted by Whitby. Ever since the first tourists got off the train in Victorian times, local entrepreneurs have mercilessly cashed in on Cook's memory, as endless Endeavour Cafes and Captain Cook Chip Shops testify. Still, Whitby played a key role in Cook's eventual success as a world-famous explorer. It was here that he first went to sea, serving his apprenticeship with local ship owners, and the designs of the ships used for his voyages of discovery – including the _Endeavour_ – were based on the design of Whitby 'cats', flat-bottomed ships that carried coal from Newcastle to London. 1Sights oWhitby AbbeyRUINS (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £6.60/4; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun only Nov-Mar; p) There are ruined abbeys; and there are picturesque ruined abbeys; and then there's Whitby Abbey, dominating the skyline above the East Cliff like a great Gothic tombstone silhouetted against the sky. Looking as though it was built as an atmospheric film set rather than a monastic establishment, it is hardly surprising that this medieval hulk inspired the Victorian novelist Bram Stoker (who holidayed in Whitby) to make it the setting for Count Dracula's dramatic landfall. From the end of Church St, which has many shops selling jet jewellery, the 199 steps of **Church Stairs** will lead you steeply up to Whitby Abbey, passing the equally atmospheric St Mary's Church ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) and its spooky graveyard, a favourite haunt of courting goth couples. oCaptain Cook Memorial MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cookmuseumwhitby.co.uk; Grape Lane; adult/child £4.80/3.30; h9.45am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Mar) This fascinating museum occupies the house of the ship owner with whom Cook began his seafaring career. Highlights include the attic where Cook lodged as a young apprentice, Cook's own maps and letters, etchings from the South Seas, and a wonderful model of the _Endeavour,_ with the crew and stores all laid out for inspection. Whitby SandsBEACH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Whitby Sands, stretching west from the harbour mouth, offers donkey rides, ice-cream vendors and bucket-and-spade escapades. The beach can be reached from West Cliff via the cliff lift ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; per person 60p; h10am-5.30pm May-Sep), an elevator that has been in service since 1931. Atop the cliff at the beach's east end, the **Captain Cook Monument** shows the great man looking out to sea, often with a seagull perched on his head. Nearby is the **Whalebone Arch** , which recalls Whitby's days as a whaling port. Whitby MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.whitbymuseum.org.uk; Pannett Park; adult/child £5/free; h9.30am-4.30pm Tue-Sun) Set in a park to the west of the town centre is the wonderfully eclectic Whitby Museum, with displays of fossil plesiosaurs and dinosaur footprints, Captain Cook memorabilia, ships in bottles, jet jewellery and even the 'Hand of Glory', a preserved human hand reputedly cut from the corpse of an executed criminal. ### DRACULA IN WHITBY The famous story of _Dracula,_ inspiration for a thousand lurid horror movies, was written by Bram Stoker while holidaying in Whitby in 1897 (a blue plaque at 6 Royal Cres marks the house where he stayed). Although most Hollywood versions of the tale concentrate on deepest, darkest Transylvania, a large part of the original book was set in Whitby, and many of the sites can still be seen today. The tourist office sells a _Dracula Trail_ leaflet (£1), which will direct you to the Bram Stoker memorial seat ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) on Khyber Pass. From here, you can see all the Whitby-based settings used in the novel. 2Activities For a cracking day out, take a bus to Robin Hood's Bay, explore the village, have lunch, and then hike the 6-mile **clifftop footpath** back to Whitby (allow three hours). First choice for a bike ride is the excellent 20-mile Whitby to Scarborough **Coastal Cycle Trail** , which starts a mile south of the town centre and follows the route of an old railway line via Robin Hood's Bay. Bikes can be hired for £15 to £25 a day from Dr Crank's Bike Shack ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-606661; 20 Skinner St; h10am-4.30pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat) in Whitby, or Trailways ( %01947-820207; www.trailways.info; Old Railway Station, Hawsker; h9.30am-6pm) at Hawsker. zFestivals & Events Whitby Goth WeekendsCOUNTER CULTURE (www.whitbygothweekend.co.uk; tickets £55) Goth heaven, with gigs, events and the Bizarre Bazaar – dozens of traders selling goth gear, jewellery, art and music. Held twice yearly on the last weekends of April and October. Whitby Spring SessionMUSIC, ART (www.moorandcoast.co.uk; tickets from £40) Beards, sandals and real ale abound at this traditional festival of folk music, dance and dubious Celtic art on the May Bank Holiday weekend. 4Sleeping B&Bs are concentrated in West Cliff in the streets to the south and east of Royal Cres. If a house here ain't offering B&B, the chances are it's derelict. Accommodation can be hard to find at festival times when it's wise to book ahead. Whitby YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9049; www.yha.org.uk; Church Lane; dm/q £25/109; p i W) With an unbeatable position next to the abbey, this hostel is incredibly popular – you'll have to book well in advance to get your body into one of the bunks here. Hike up the 199 steps from the town, or take bus 97 from the train station to Whitby Abbey (twice hourly Monday to Saturday). Harbour GrangeHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-600817; www.whitbybackpackers.co.uk; Spital Bridge; dm from £18) Overlooking the harbour and less than 10 minutes' walk from the train station, this clean and basic hostel is conveniently located and has great views, but has an 11.30pm curfew – just the ticket for a night when you don't want to paint the town red. oLa Rosa HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-606981; www.larosa.co.uk/hotel; 5 East Tce; d £86-135; W) S Weird, but wonderful. Lewis Carroll, author of _Alice in Wonderland,_ once stayed in this house while holidaying in Whitby. And entering today is like stepping through the looking-glass into an antique world of love-it-or-hate-it Victorian bric-a-brac and kitsch. Eight quirky and atmospheric bedrooms (one with a wooden bath!), great sea views, no TVs, and breakfast served in a basket in your room. Langley HotelB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-604250; www.langleyhotel.com; 16 Royal Cres; s/d from £70/105; W) With its cream-and-crimson colour scheme, and a gilt four-poster bed in one room, this grand old guesthouse exudes a whiff of Victorian splendour. Go for room 1 or 2, if possible, to make the most of the panoramic views – the same as those enjoyed in 1897 by Bram Stoker, author of _Dracula,_ who holidayed a few doors along at No 6. Shepherd's PurseGUESTHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-820228; www.theshepherdspurse.com; 95 Church St; r £60-75) This place combines a beads-and-baubles boutique and wholefood shop with guest accommodation in the courtyard at the back. The cheaper rooms share a bathroom and are perfectly adequate, but we recommend the rustic en suite bedrooms; while the four-poster beds feel a bit as though they've been shoehorned in, the atmosphere is cute rather than cramped. Breakfast is not provided. TrailwaysSELF-CATERING ( %01947-820207; www.trailways.info; Hawsker; per week high season £699; p) If travelling on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway has given you a taste for trains, how about sleeping in one? Trailways has a beautifully converted InterCity 125 coach parked at the old Hawsker train station on the Whitby–Scarborough cycle route, offering luxurious self-catering accommodation with all mod cons for two to six people. Rosslyn HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-604086; www.rosslynhousewhitby.co.uk; 11 Abbey Tce; s/d from £65/75; W) Bright and cheerful with a friendly welcome. BramblewickB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-604504; www.bramblewickwhitby.com; 3 Havelock Pl; s/d £35/78; p W) Friendly owners, hearty breakfasts and abbey views from the top-floor room. Argyle HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-602733; www.argyle-house.co.uk; 18 Hudson St; per person £37-43; W) S Comfortable as old slippers, with kippers for breakfast. oMarine HotelINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-605022; www.the-marine-hotel.co.uk; 13 Marine Pde; r £135-150; W) Feeling more like mini-suites than ordinary hotel accommodation, the four bedrooms at the Marine are quirky, stylish and comfortable; it's the sort of place that makes you want to stay in rather than go out. Ask for one of the two rooms with a balcony – they have great views across the harbour. 5Eating & Drinking Humble Pie 'n' MashBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.humblepienmash.com; 163 Church St; mains £6; hnoon-8pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) Superb homemade pies with fillings ranging from lamb, leek and rosemary to roast veg and goats cheese, served in a cosy timber-framed cottage. Java Cafe-BarCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Flowergate; mains £5-8; h8am-6pm; W) A cool little diner with stainless-steel counters and retro decor, music videos on the flatscreen and a menu of healthy salads, sandwiches and wraps washed down with excellent coffee. oGreen'sSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-600284; www.greensofwhitby.com; 13 Bridge St; mains £10-20; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-10pm Sat & Sun) S The classiest eatery in town is ideally situated to take its pick of the fish and shellfish freshly landed at the harbour. Grab a hearty lunch in the ground-floor bistro (mussels and chips, sausage and mash, fish and chips), or head to the upstairs restaurant for a sophisticated dinner date. Two-course lunch for £10 Monday to Friday. Moon & SixpenceBRASSERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-604416; www.moon-and-sixpence.co.uk; 5 Marine Pde; mains £10-20; h9am-midnight; W) S This brasserie and cocktail bar has a prime position, with views across the harbour to the abbey ruins. The seafood-dominated menu concentrates on hearty, straightforward dishes such as chunky vegetable soup, seafood chowder, fish pie, homemade burgers, and mussels and chips. Good breakfasts, too, including local kippers with brown bread and butter. Magpie CafeSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.magpiecafe.co.uk; 14 Pier Rd; mains £7-23; h11.30am-9pm; c) S The Magpie flaunts its reputation for serving the 'World's Best Fish and Chips'. Damn fine they are, too, but the world and his dog knows about it and summertime queues can stretch along the street. Takeaway fish and chips cost £4.95; the sit-down restaurant is more expensive, but offers a wide range of seafood dishes, from grilled sea bass to paella. QuaysideFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.quaysidewhitby.co.uk; 7 Pier Rd; mains £10-14; h11am-7pm Sun-Thu, to 8pm Fri & Sat; c) Top-notch fish and chips minus the 'world's best' tag line – this place is your best bet if you want to avoid queues. Takeaway fish and chips are £4.40. Station InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stationinnwhitby.co.uk; New Quay Rd; h10am-midnight Mon-Sat, to 11.30pm Sun; W) The best place in town for atmosphere and real ale, with its impressive range of cask-conditioned beers including Timothy Taylor's Golden Best and Ossett Silver King. Live music Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Duke of YorkPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dukeofyork.co.uk; Church St; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to midnight Fri, to 1am Sat; W) A popular watering hole at the bottom of the Church Stairs, serving Timothy Taylor ales and great views over the harbour. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Langbourne Rd; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Located inside the Co-op supermarket. Whitby Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01947-602674; www.visitwhitby.com; Langbourne Rd; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) #### WORTH A TRIP ### GOATHLAND This picture-postcard halt on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway stars as Hogsmeade train station in the Harry Potter films, and the village appears as Aidensfield in the British TV series _Heartbeat_. It's also the starting point for lots of easy and enjoyable walks, often with the chuff-chuff-chuff of passing steam engines in the background. One of the most popular hikes is to head northwest from the station (via a gate on the platform on the far side from the village) to the hamlet of Beck Hole, where you can stop for a pork pie and a pint of Black Sheep at the wonderfully atmospheric Birch Hall Inn (www.beckhole.info; h11am-11pm mid-Apr–mid-Sep, shorter hours & closed Tue mid-Sep–mid-Apr), where it's like stepping into the past. Return to Goathland via the waterfall at **Mallyan Spout** (total 4 miles). An alternative to the hike is to walk or cycle from Goathland along Beck Hole Rd (just over 1 mile); best not to drive, as the road is narrow and twisty and there's nowhere to park. 8Getting There & Away A **Bus** Buses 93 and X93 run south to Scarborough (£5.60, one hour, every 30 minutes), with every second bus going via Robin Hood's Bay (£3.90, 15 minutes, hourly); and north to Middlesbrough (£5.60, one hour, hourly), with fewer services on Sunday. The Coastliner service 840 runs from Leeds to Whitby (£13, 3¼ hours, six times daily Monday to Saturday) via York and Pickering. A **Train** Coming from the north, you can get to Whitby by train along the Esk Valley Railway from Middlesbrough (£6, 1½ hours, four per day), with connections from Durham and Newcastle. From the south, it's easier to get a train from York to Scarborough, and then a bus from Scarborough to Whitby. ### Robin Hood's Bay Picturesque Robin Hood's Bay (www.robin-hoods-bay.co.uk) is the end point of the Coast to Coast Walk. It has nothing to do with the hero of Sherwood Forest – the origin of its name is a mystery, and the locals call it Bay Town or just Bay. But there's no denying that this fishing village is one of the prettiest spots on the Yorkshire coast. Leave your car at the parking area in the upper village (£3.50 for four hours), where 19th-century ships' captains built comfortable Victorian villas, and walk downhill to Old Bay, the oldest part of the village (don't even think about driving down). This maze of narrow lanes and passages is dotted with tearooms, pubs, craft shops and artists' studios (there's even a tiny cinema) and at low tide you can go down onto the beach and fossick around in the rock pools. The NT-listed Old Coastguard Station (www.nationaltrust.org.uk; The Dock; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) houses an exhibition about local geology and natural history. There are several pubs and cafes. The best pub for ambience and real ale is Ye Dolphin (King St; h11.30am-11pm), while the Swell Cafe (www.swell.org.uk; Chapel St; mains £3-8; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 4.30pm Sat & Sun; W c) does great coffee and has a terrace with a view over the beach. Robin Hood's Bay is 6 miles southeast of Whitby. You can walk here along the coastal path in two or three hours, or bike to it along the cycle trail in 40 minutes. Bus 93 runs hourly between Whitby and Scarborough via Robin Hood's Bay – the bus stop is at the top of the hill, in the new part of town. ## Yorkshire Dales National Park The Yorkshire Dales – named from the old Norse word _dalr,_ meaning 'valleys' – is the central jewel in the necklace of three national parks strung across the neck of northern England, with the dramatic fells of the Lake District to the west and the brooding heaths of the North York Moors to the east. From well-known names such as Wensleydale and Ribblesdale to the obscure and evocative Langstrothdale and Arkengarthdale, the park's glacial valleys are characterised by a distinctive landscape of high heather moorland, stepped skylines and flat-topped hills. Down in the green valleys, patchworked with drystone dykes and little barns, are picture-postcard villages where sheep and cattle still graze on village greens. And in the limestone country of the southern Dales you'll find England's best examples of karst scenery (created by rainwater dissolving the underlying limestone bedrock). The Dales have been protected as a national park since the 1950s, assuring their status as a walker's and cyclist's paradise. But there's plenty for nonwalkers as well, from exploring the legacy of literary vet James Herriot of _All Creatures Great and Small_ fame to sampling the favourite teatime snack of the British TV characters Wallace and Gromit at the Wensleydale Creamery. The _Visitor_ newspaper, available from tourist offices, lists local events and walks guided by park rangers, as well as many places to stay and eat. The official park website (www.yorkshiredales.org.uk) is also useful. 8Getting There & Around About 90% of visitors to the park arrive by car, and the narrow roads can become extremely crowded in summer. Parking can also be a serious problem. If you can, try to use public transport as much as possible. Pick up a DalesBus Timetable from tourist offices, or consult the DalesBus (www.dalesbus.org) website. By train, the best and most interesting access to the Dales is via the famous Settle–Carlisle Line. Trains run between Leeds and Carlisle, stopping at Skipton, Settle and numerous small villages, offering unrivalled access to the hills straight from the station platform. #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### DELVE INTO THE DALES Whether on two wheels or four, one of the joys of the Yorkshire Dales is exploring the hidden corners of the lesser known valleys. From Swaledale, climb up to the moors above Arkengarthdale in search of the Tan Hill Inn ( %01833-628246; www.tanhillinn.com; Tan Hill; h8am-11.30pm Jul & Aug, noon-9.30pm Sep-Jun; W #), Britain's highest pub, or seek out the picture-postcard village green at **West Burton** , at the entrance to Bishopdale. From Grassington, make your way north along lovely Littondale and stop for a pint at the Falcon Inn (www.thefalconinn.com; Arncliffe), where beer is still served from a jug on the counter. ### Skipton Pop 14,625 This busy market town on the southern edge of the Dales takes its name from the Anglo-Saxon _sceape ton_ (sheep town). There are no prizes for guessing how it made its money. Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday are market days, bringing crowds from all over and giving the town something of a festive atmosphere. The tourist office ( %01756-792809; www.welcometoskipton.com; Town Hall, High St; h9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm 1st Sun of month) is in the town hall. 1Sights & Activities High StSTREET Skipton's pride and joy is the broad and bustling High St, one of the most attractive shopping streets in Yorkshire. There's a general market on High St four days a week, and on the first Sunday of the month the nearby canal basin hosts the Northern Dales Farmers Market (www.northerndalesfarmersmarkets.com; h8.30am-2.30pm 1st Sun of month). Skipton CastleCASTLE (www.skiptoncastle.co.uk; High St; adult/child £7.30/4.50; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, noon-6pm Sun Mar-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Feb) A gate to the side of the church at the north end of High St leads to Skipton Castle, one of the best-preserved medieval castles in England and a fascinating contrast to the ruins you'll see elsewhere. Pennine CruisersBOAT TOUR (www.penninecruisers.com; The Wharf, Coach St; per person £4; h10.30am-dusk Mar-Oct) No trip to Skipton is complete without a cruise along the Leeds–Liverpool Canal, which runs through the middle of town. Pennine Cruisers runs half-hour trips to Skipton Castle and back. 4Sleeping There's a strip of B&Bs just outside the centre on Keighley Rd. Park HillB&B ( %01756-792772; www.parkhillskipton.co.uk; 17 Grassington Rd; d £80; p i W) S From the complimentary glass of sherry on arrival to the hearty breakfasts based on local produce, farm-fresh eggs and homegrown tomatoes, this B&B provides a real Yorkshire welcome. It enjoys an attractive rural location half a mile north of the town centre, on the B6265 road towards Grassington. Carlton HouseB&B ( %01756-700921; www.carltonhouseskipton.co.uk; 46 Keighley Rd; s/d from £30/60) A handsome house with five pretty and comfortable rooms – there are no frills, but lots of floral prints. This B&B is deservedly popular on account of its friendly welcome. 5Eating & Drinking Cafe 76BRITISH ( %01756-795460; www.cafe76.co.uk; 76 High St; mains £4-8; h8.15am-4.30pm Mon, Wed, Fri & Sat, 9am-4.30pm Thu & Sun; W c) Squeezed into a tall and narrow building (best seats are upstairs), this popular local lunch spot serves hearty homemade food including roast chicken, cheese burgers, roast beef sandwiches, and daily specials such as minted lamb and vegetable pasty with onion gravy. Full English breakfast served all day. Bizzie LizziesFISH & CHIPS (www.bizzielizzies.co.uk; 36 Swadford St; mains £4-8; h11am-9pm; c #) An award-winning sit-down fish-and-chip restaurant overlooking the canal. There's also a takeaway counter offering fish and chips for £5, open to 11.30pm. Bean LovedCAFE (www.beanloved.co.uk; 17 Otley St; mains £5-9; h7.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 9am-5pm Sun; W) This place just off High St serves the best coffee in town, along with good cakes and freshly prepared sandwiches. Le CaveauFRENCH ( %01756-794274; www.lecaveau.co.uk; 86 High St; mains £13-20; hnoon-2pm & 7-9.30pm Tue-Fri, 5-10pm Sat) S Set in a stylishly decorated 16th-century cellar with barrel-vaulted ceilings, this friendly bistro offers a seasonal menu built lovingly around fresh local produce. Daily specials include dishes such as a light and flavourful quiche made with black pudding, bacon and mushrooms, and a succulent smoked haddock and leek pie. On weekdays you can get a two-course lunch for £11. Narrow BoatPUB (www.markettowntaverns.co.uk; 38 Victoria St; hnoon-11pm) A traditionally styled pub with a great selection of local ales and foreign beers, friendly service and bar meals. 8Getting There & Away Skipton is the last stop on the Metro rail network from Leeds and Bradford (£9.10, 45 minutes, half-hourly, hourly on Sunday). Three buses a day (weekdays only) link Skipton with Settle (£6, 40 minutes). ### Grassington The perfect base for jaunts around the south Dales, Grassington's handsome Georgian centre teems with walkers and visitors throughout the summer months, soaking up an atmosphere that – despite the odd touch of faux rusticity – is as attractive and traditional as you'll find in these parts. Highlight of the year is the Grassington Festival (www.grassington-festival.org.uk), a two-week arts extravaganza held in June that attracts many big names in music, theatre and comedy, and also includes offbeat events like drystone-walling workshops. The tourist office ( %01756-751690; Hebden Rd; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, Fri-Sun only Nov-Mar) is beside the big car park on the edge of town. 4Sleeping & Eating Ashfield HouseB&B ( %01756-752584; www.ashfieldhouse.co.uk; Summers Fold; r from £100; p i W) A secluded 17th-century country house behind a walled garden, with exposed stone walls, open fireplaces and an all-round cosy feel. It's just off the main square. oDevonshire FellHOTEL ( %01756-718111; www.devonshirefell.co.uk; Burnsall; r from £140; p i W) A sister property to Bolton Abbey's Devonshire Arms Country House Hotel, this former gentleman's club for mill owners has a much more contemporary feel, with beautiful modern furnishings crafted by local experts. The conservatory (used as a lounge and breakfast room) has a stunning view over the valley. It's 3 miles southeast of Grassington on the B6160. Whimsical CottageCAFE ( %01756-752414; 1 Garr's Ln; mains £4-9; h10am-4pm; c) This cute little white cottage, just uphill from the village square, serves good coffee and unusual homemade cakes (parsnip and apple sponge is unexpectedly delicious), as well as hot pies for lunch – chicken, ham and leek, or steak and Guinness. Breakfast served till 11.30am. ### Malham Pop 120 Stretching west from Grassington to Ingleton is the largest area of limestone country in England, a distinctive landscape pockmarked with potholes, dry valleys, limestone pavements and gorges. Two of the most spectacular features – Malham Cove and Gordale Scar – lie near the pretty village of Malham. The national park centre ( %01969-652380; www.yorkshiredales.org.uk; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun only Nov-Mar) at the southern edge of the village has the usual wealth of information. See also www.malhamdale.com. 1Sights & Activities A 0.75-mile walk north from Malham village leads to **Malham Cove** , a huge rock amphitheatre lined with 80m-high vertical cliffs. Peregrine falcons nest here in spring, when the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) sets up a birdwatching lookout. You can hike up the steep steps on the left-hand side of the cove (on the Pennine Way footpath) to see the extensive limestone pavement above the cliffs. Another 1.5 miles further north is **Malham Tarn** , a glacial lake and nature reserve. A mile east of Malham along a narrow road (with very limited parking) is spectacular **Gordale Scar** , a deep limestone canyon with scenic cascades and the remains of an Iron Age settlement. The national park centre has a leaflet describing the **Malham Landscape Trail** , a 5-mile circular walk that takes in Malham Cove, Gordale Scar and the Janet's Foss waterfall. The Pennine Way passes through Malham, with Horton-in-Ribblesdale a day's hike away to the northwest. 4Sleeping Malham YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9529; www.yha.org.uk; dm/tw £22/49; p) You will find this recently refurbished, purpose-built hostel in the village centre. The facilities are top-notch, including a restaurant, and young children are well catered for. Beck HallHOTEL ( %01729-830332; www.beckhallmalham.com; s/d from £45/65; p W) This rambling 17th-century country house on the edge of the village, a gurgling stream flowing through the garden, has 18 individually decorated rooms; we recommend the Green Room, with its old-style furnishings and antique four-poster bed. 8Getting There & Away There are between two and five buses a day (except Tuesday and Thursday) from Skipton to Malham (45 minutes), and the Malham Tarn Shuttle bus links Settle and Malham (25 minutes) four times daily on Sundays only, Easter to October. Check the DalesBus website or ask at Skipton tourist office for details. Note that Malham is reached via narrow roads that can get very congested in summer, so leave your car at the national park centre and walk into the village. ### THREE PEAKS CHALLENGES Since 1968 more than 200,000 hikers have taken up the challenge of climbing Yorkshire's Three Peaks in less than 12 hours. The circular 25-mile route begins and ends at the Pen-y-Ghent Cafe in Horton-in-Ribblesdale (where you clock-in and clock-out to verify your time) and takes in the summits of Pen-y-ghent, Whernside and Ingleborough. Succeed and you become a member of the cafe's Three Peaks of Yorkshire Club. You can find details of the route at www.merseyventure.com/yorks and download a guide (£4) at www.walkingworld.com (walk ID 4228 and 4229). Fancy a more gruelling test of your endurance? Then join the fell-runners in the annual **Three Peaks Race** (www.threepeaksrace.org.uk) on the last Saturday in April, and run the route instead of walking it. First held in 1954 when six people competed, it now attracts about 900 entrants. The course record is two hours, 43 minutes and three seconds. In the last week of September, cyclists get their chance in the **Three Peaks Cyclo-Cross** (www.3peakscyclocross.org.uk), which covers 38 miles of rough country and climbs 1524m. ### Ribblesdale & the Three Peaks Scenic Ribblesdale cuts through the southwestern corner of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, where the skyline is dominated by a trio of distinctive hills known as the **Three Peaks** – Whernside (735m), Ingleborough (724m) and Pen-y-ghent (694m). Easily accessible via the Settle–Carlisle railway line, this is one of England's most popular areas for outdoor activities, attracting thousands of hikers, cyclists and cavers each weekend. #### Settle Pop 3660 The busy market town of Settle, dominated by its grand neo-Gothic town hall, is the gateway to Ribblesdale and marks the beginning of the scenic part of the famous Settle–Carlisle railway line. Narrow cobbled streets lined with shops and pubs lead out from the central market square (Tuesday is market day), and the town offers plenty of accommodation options. The tourist office ( %01729-825192; Town Hall, Cheapside; h9.30am-4pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat, to 1pm Wed) has maps and guidebooks. Around the main square are several good cafes, including Ye Olde Naked Man (Market Pl; mains £4-8; h9am-5pm Thu-Tue, to 4pm Wed; c), formerly an undertaker's (look for the 'naked man' on the outside wall, dated 1663), which serves superb Yorkshire pudding with a choice of fillings. Trains from Leeds heading to Carlisle stop at Settle station near the town centre (£12, one hour, eight daily). Those heading for Morecambe (on the west coast) stop at Giggleswick, about 1.5 miles outside town. #### Horton-in-Ribblesdale Pop 560 A favourite with outdoor enthusiasts, the little village of Horton and its railway station is 5 miles north of Settle. Everything centres on the Pen-y-Ghent Cafe, which acts as the village tourist office, wet-weather retreat and hikers' information centre. Horton is the starting point for climbing Pen-y-ghent and doing the **Three Peaks Walk** ; it's also a stop on the Pennine Way. At the head of the valley, 5 miles north of Horton, is the spectacular 30m-high **Ribblehead Viaduct** , built in 1874 and, at 400m, the longest on the Settle–Carlisle Line. You can hike there along the Pennine Way and travel back by train from Ribblehead station. 4Sleeping & Eating Horton is popular, so it's advisable to book accommodation in advance. Golden LionINN ( %01729-860206; www.goldenlionhotel.co.uk; s/d from £45/70, bunkhouse per person £12) The Golden Lion is a lively pub that offers comfortable B&B rooms, a 15-bed bunkhouse, and three public bars where you can tuck into a bit of grub washed down with a pint of hand-pulled ale. Holme Farm CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01729-860281; Horton-in-Ribblesdale; tent sites per person £5, shower £1) A basic, no-frills campsite next door to the Golden Lion pub, much used by Pennine Way hikers. Pen-y-Ghent CafeCAFE (mains £3-6; h9am-5.30pm Mon & Wed-Fri, 8.30am-5pm Sat & Sun; v c) A traditional cafe run by the same family since 1965, the Pen-y-Ghent fills walkers' fuel tanks with fried eggs and chips, homemade scones and pint-sized mugs of tea. It also sells maps, guidebooks and walking gear. ### Hawes Pop 885 Hawes is the beating heart of Wensleydale, a thriving and picturesque market town (market day is Tuesday) that has the added attraction of its own waterfall in the village centre. On busy summer weekends, however, Hawes' narrow arteries can get seriously clogged with traffic. Leave the car in the parking area beside the national park centre ( %01969-666210; Station Yard; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, limited hours Nov-Mar, closed Jan) at the eastern entrance to the village. 1Sights Dales Countryside MuseumMUSEUM ( %01969-666210; Station Yard; adult/child £4/free; h10am-5pm, closed Jan; p) Sharing a building with the national park centre is the Dales Countryside Museum, a beautifully presented social history of the area that explains the forces shaping the landscape, from geology to lead mining to land enclosure. Wensleydale CreameryMUSEUM (www.wensleydale.co.uk; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h10am-4pm; c) This museum is devoted to the production of the animated TV characters Wallace and Gromit's favourite crumbly white cheese. You can visit the cheese museum, see cheesemakers in action in the viewing gallery, and then try-before-you-buy in the shop, which is free to enter. Hardraw ForceWATERFALL About 1.5 miles north of Hawes is 30m-high Hardraw Force, the highest unbroken waterfall in England, but by international standards not that impressive (except after heavy rain). Access is through the Green Dragon Inn, which levies a £2 admission fee. Sheepdog DemonstrationsFARM (www.sheepdogdemo.co.uk; adult/child £4/1; h6.30pm Thu May-Aug, 2.30pm Thu Sep; p) On Thursdays from May to September, a local farmer gives demonstrations of working sheepdogs, held in a field 800m north of Hawes on the minor road towards Hardraw. 4Sleeping & Eating Bainbridge Ings Caravan & Camp SiteCAMPSITE ( %01969-667354; www.bainbridge-ings.co.uk; hikers & cyclists per person £6, site, car & 2 adults £15; W #) An attractive site set around a spacious farmhouse in stone-walled fields about half a mile east of Hawes. Fresh-laid eggs are sold on-site. Hawes YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9120; www.yha.org.uk; Lancaster Tce; dm/tw £19.50/47) A modern place on the western edge of town, at the junction of the main A684 (Aysgarth Rd) and B6255, this is a family-friendly hostel with great views of Wensleydale. Herriot's Guest HouseB&B ( %01969-667536; www.herriotsinhawes.co.uk; Main St; d from £75; W) A delightful guesthouse set in an old stone building close to the bridge by the waterfall, Herriot's has seven comfy en suite bedrooms set above an art gallery and coffee shop. Green Dragon InnINN ( %01969-667392; www.greendragonhardraw.co.uk; Hardraw; B&B per person £35-50; W) A fine old pub with flagstone floors, low timber beams, ancient oak furniture and Theakston's on draught. The Dragon serves up a tasty steak-and-ale pie and offers bunkhouse accommodation (per person £15), camping (per person £8) or B&B in plain but adequate rooms, as well as a pair of larger, more comfortable suites. One mile northwest of Hawes. Cart HouseTEAROOM ( %01969-667691; Hardraw; mains £4-7; h10am-5pm mid Mar-Oct) This craft shop and tearoom offers a healthier diet of homemade soup, organic bread and a 'Fellman's Lunch' of Wensleydale cheese, pickle and salad. There's a basic campsite at the back (per person £7, including tent and car). One mile northwest of Hawes. 8Getting There & Away Buses 156 and 157 run from Hawes to Leyburn (50 minutes, four daily Monday to Saturday), where you can connect with buses to or from Richmond. From Garsdale station on the Settle–Carlisle Line, bus 113 runs to Hawes (20 minutes, three daily Monday to Friday). On Sundays and bank holidays from April to October, bus 831 goes to Hawes from Ribblehead station (25 minutes, one daily). Check bus times with Traveline Yorkshire or a tourist office before using these routes. ### THE SETTLE–CARLISLE LINE Settle–Carlisle LineTRAIN (SCL; www.settle-carlisle.co.uk) The 72-mile Settle–Carlisle Line, built between 1869 and 1875, offers one of England's most scenic railway journeys. The line's construction was one of the great engineering achievements of the Victorian era: 5000 labourers armed with picks and shovels built 325 bridges and 21 viaducts and blasted 14 tunnels in horrific conditions – nearly 200 of them died in the process. Trains run between Leeds and Carlisle via Settle about eight times per day. The first section of the journey from Leeds is along the Aire Valley, stopping at Keighley, where the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway branches off to Haworth, Skipton (gateway to the southern Dales) and Settle. The train then labours up the valley beside the River Ribble, through Horton-in-Ribblesdale, across the spectacular **Ribblehead Viaduct** and then through Blea Moor Tunnel to reach remote **Dent station** , at 350m the highest main-line station in the country. The line reaches its highest point (356m) at Ais Gill, where it leaves the Dales behind before easing down to Kirkby Stephen. The last halts are Appleby and Langwathby, just northeast of Penrith (a jumping-off point for the Lake District), before the train finally pulls into Carlisle. The entire journey from Leeds to Carlisle takes two hours and 40 minutes and costs £28/34 for a single/day return. Various hop-on/hop-off passes are also available for one or three days. You can pick up a free SCL timetable – which includes a colour map of the line and brief details about places of interest – from most Yorkshire stations. For more information, contact **National Rail Enquiries** (www.nationalrail.co.uk) or see www.settle-carlisle.co.uk. ### Richmond Pop 8415 The handsome market town of Richmond is one of England's best-kept secrets, perched on a rocky outcrop overlooking the River Swale and guarded by the ruins of a massive castle. A maze of cobbled streets radiates from the broad, sloping market square (market day is Saturday), lined with elegant Georgian buildings and photogenic stone cottages, with glimpses of the surrounding hills and dales peeking through the gaps. In September/October the town hosts the Richmond Walking & Book Festival (www.booksandboots.org), 10 days of guided walks, talks, films and other events. 1Sights Richmond CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; Market Pl; adult/child £4.90/2.90; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Sat & Sun only Nov-Mar) The impressive heap that is Richmond Castle, founded in 1070, was one of the first castles in England since Roman times to be built of stone. It's had many uses through the years, including a stint as a prison for conscientious objectors during WWI (there's a small and sobering exhibition about their part in the castle's history). The best part of a visit is the view from the top of the remarkably well-preserved 30m-high keep, which towers over the town. Green Howards MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greenhowards.org.uk; Trinity Church Sq; adult/child £4/2; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Feb-Dec, also 12.30-4.30pm Sun Apr-Oct) Military buffs will enjoy the three floors at this museum (recently reopened after a major revamp), which pays tribute to the famous Yorkshire regiment. Richmondshire MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.richmondshiremuseum.org.uk; Ryder's Wynd; adult/child £3/free; h10.30am-4pm Apr-Oct) The Richmondshire Museum is a delight, with local history exhibits including an early Yorkshire cave-dweller and displays about lead mining, which forever altered the Swaledale landscape a century ago. You can also see the original set that served as James Herriot's surgery in the TV series _All Creatures Great and Small_. Georgian Theatre RoyalGUIDED TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.georgiantheatreroyal.co.uk; Victoria Rd; tour per person £3.50; htours hourly 10am-4pm Mon-Sat mid Feb-mid Nov) The Georgian Theatre Royal, built in 1788, is the most complete Georgian playhouse in Britain. Tours include a look at the country's oldest surviving stage scenery, painted between 1818 and 1836. 2Activities Walkers can follow paths along the River Swale both upstream and downstream from the town. A longer option is to follow part of the famous long-distance Coast to Coast Walk all the way to Reeth (11 miles) and take the bus back (see www.dalesbus.info/richmond). Cyclists can also follow Swaledale – as far as Reeth may be enough, while a trip along Arkengarthdale and then over the high wild moors to Kirkby Stephen via the Tan Hill Inn is a more serious (but very rewarding) 40-mile undertaking. 4Sleeping There's a batch of pleasant places to stay along Frenchgate, and a couple more on Pottergate (the road into town from the east). Frenchgate HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-822087; www.thefrenchgate.co.uk; 59-61 Frenchgate; s/d from £88/118; p) Nine elegant bedrooms occupy the upper floors of this converted Georgian town house, now a boutique hotel decorated with local art. The rooms have cool designer fittings that set off a period fireplace here, a Victorian roll-top bath there. Downstairs there's an excellent restaurant (three-course dinner £39) and a hospitable lounge with oak beams and an open fire. Willance HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-824467; www.willancehouse.com; 24 Frenchgate; s/d £55/75; W) This oak-beamed house, built in 1600, has three immaculate rooms (one with a four-poster bed) that combine old-fashioned charm and all mod cons. 66 FrenchgateB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-823421; www.66frenchgate.co.uk; 66 Frenchgate; s/d/f £70/84/120; W) Three of the six stylish bedrooms have superb river views. oMillgate HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-823571; www.millgatehouse.com; Market Pl; r £110-145; p i #) S Behind an unassuming grey door lies the unexpected pleasure of one of the most attractive guesthouses in England. While the house itself is a Georgian gem crammed with period details, it is overshadowed by the multi-award-winning garden at the back, which offers superb views over the River Swale and the Cleveland Hills. If possible, book the Garden Suite. 5Eating & Drinking Cross View TearoomsTEAROOM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.crossviewtearooms.co.uk; 38 Market Pl; mains £5-8; h9am-5.30pm; c) S So popular with locals that you might have to queue for a table at lunchtime, the Cross View is the place to go for a hearty breakfast, homemade cakes, a hot lunch, or just a nice cup of tea. BarkersFISH & CHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Trinity Church Sq; mains £6-10; h11am-9.30pm) The best fish and chips in town, sit-down or takeaway. RustiqueFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-821565; www.rustiqueyork.co.uk; Chantry Wynd, Finkle St; mains £10-21; hnoon-9pm) Tucked away in an arcade, this cosy bistro has consistently impressed with its mastery of French country cooking, from _confit de canard_ (duck slow roasted in its own fat) to _paupiette de poulet_ (chicken breast stuffed with brie and sun-dried tomatoes). Booking is recommended. Black Lion HotelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.blacklionhotelrichmond.co.uk; Finkle St; h11am-11pm) Cosy bars, low beams and good beer and food. Unicorn InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Newbiggin; h10.30am-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) A determinedly old-fashioned free house, serving Theakston's and Old Speckled Hen. 8Information The tourist office ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01748-850549; www.richmond.org; 2 Queens Rd; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat), in Calverts shop on the central traffic roundabout, has the usual maps and guides, plus several leaflets showing walks in town and the surrounding countryside. 8Getting There & Away From Darlington (on the railway between London and Edinburgh), it's easy to reach Richmond on bus X26 or X27 (£4.50, 30 minutes, every half hour, hourly on Sunday). All buses stop in Market Pl. On Sundays and bank holiday Mondays only, from May to October, the Northern Dalesman bus 830 runs from Richmond to Hawes (£6.25, 1½ hours, one daily) via Reeth, and continues on to Ribblehead and Ingleton (£8.90, two hours, one daily). ## West Yorkshire It was the tough and unforgiving textile industry that drove West Yorkshire's economy from the 18th century onward. The woollen mills, factories and canals built to transport raw materials and finished products defined much of the county's landscape. But that's all in the past, and recent years have seen the transformation of this once hard-bitten area into quite the picture postcard. Leeds and Bradford, two adjoining cities so big they've virtually become one, are the perfect case in point. Though both were founded amid the dark satanic mills of the Industrial Revolution, both are undergoing radical redevelopment and reinvention, prettifying their town centres and trying to tempt the more adventurous tourist with a host of new museums, galleries, restaurants and bars. Beyond the cities, West Yorkshire is a landscape of bleak moorland dissected by deep valleys dotted with old mill towns and villages. The relics of the wool and cloth industries are still visible in the rows of weavers' cottages and workers' houses built along ridges overlooking the towering chimneys of the mills in the valleys – landscapes that were so vividly described by the Brontë sisters, West Yorkshire's most renowned literary export and biggest tourist draw. 8Getting Around The Metro is West Yorkshire's highly efficient train and bus network, centred on Leeds and Bradford – which are also the main gateways to the county. For transport information, contact West Yorkshire Metro ( %0113-245 7676; www.wymetro.com). Day Rover tickets (£7.70) are good for one day's unlimited travel on Metro buses and trains after 9.30am on weekdays and all day at weekends. A range of additional Rover tickets covering buses and/or trains, plus heaps of useful Metro maps and timetables, are available from bus and train stations and most tourist offices in West Yorkshire. ### Leeds Pop 751,500 One of the fastest-growing cities in the UK, Leeds is the glitzy embodiment of rediscovered northern self-confidence. More than a decade of redevelopment has seen the city centre transform from near-derelict mill town into a vision of 21st-century urban chic, with skyscraping office blocks, glass-and-steel waterfront apartment complexes and renovated Victorian shopping arcades. The financial crisis of 2008–10 saw many flagship development projects grind to a halt, but tower cranes are beginning to sprout on the skyline again and a massive new entertainment venue, the Leeds Arena ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.firstdirectarena.com; Clay Pit Lane), opened in 2013. Known as the 'Knightsbridge of the North', Leeds has made itself a shopping mecca, its streets lined with bustling malls sporting the top names in fashion. And when you've shopped till you've dropped, there's a plethora of pubs, clubs and excellent restaurants to relax in. From cutting-edge couture to contemporary cuisine, Leeds will serve it to you on a plate (or more likely in a stylishly designed bag). Amid all this fashion-conscious finery, it seems fitting that the network of city bus routes includes peach, mauve and magenta lines as well as the more humdrum red, orange and blue. Leeds 1Sights 1Henry Moore InstituteB1 2Leeds Art GalleryA1 4Sleeping 342 The CallsD4 4QuebecsA3 5Roomzzz Leeds CityC4 5Eating 6Art's Cafe Bar & RestaurantC3 7Brasserie BlancB4 8CrafthouseB3 9DishB3 10Hansa's GujaratiD1 11Pickles & PotterC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 12Baby JupiterA3 13Bar FibreC3 14Duck & DrakeD3 15HiFi ClubC3 16MissionC4 17North BarC2 18SandinistaC1 19WhitelocksC3 20WireC3 3Entertainment 21City VarietiesC2 22Grand Theatre & Opera HouseC1 7Shopping 23Corn ExchangeC3 24Harvey NicholsC2 25Leeds City MarketC3 26Trinity LeedsB3 27Victoria QuarterC2 1Sights Royal ArmouriesMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalarmouries.org; Armouries Dr; h10am-5pm; p c) F Leeds' most interesting museum was originally built in 1996 to house armour and weapons from the Tower of London, but subsequently expanded to cover 3000 years' worth of combat and self-defence. It all sounds a bit macho, but the exhibits are as varied as they are fascinating, covering subjects as varied as jousting and Indian elephant armour. To get here, walk east along the river from Centenary Footbridge (10 minutes), or take bus 28 from Albion St. Leeds Industrial MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leeds.gov.uk/armleymills; Canal Rd; adult/child £3.60/1.80; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 1-5pm Sun; p c) One of the world's largest textile mills has been transformed into a museum telling the story of Leeds' industrial past, both glorious and ignominious. The city grew rich from the textile industry, but at some cost in human terms – working conditions were Dickensian. As well as a selection of mill machinery, there's a particularly informative display about how cloth is made. The museum is 2 miles west of the city centre; take bus 5 from the train station. Leeds Art GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leeds.gov.uk/artgallery; The Headrow; h10am-5pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat, noon-5pm Wed, 1-5pm Sun) F The municipal gallery is packed with 19th- and 20th-century British heavyweights – Turner, Constable, Stanley Spencer, Wyndham Lewis et al – along with contemporary pieces by more recent arrivals such as Antony Gormley, sculptor of the _Angel of the North._ Henry Moore InstituteGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.henry-moore.org; The Headrow; h11am-5.30pm Tue & Thu-Sun, to 8pm Wed) F Housed in a converted Victorian warehouse in the city centre, this gallery showcases the work of 20th-century sculptors, but not, despite the name, anything by Henry Moore (1898−1986), who graduated from the Leeds School of Art. To see works by Moore, head to the Yorkshire Sculpture Park. zFestivals & Events Leeds FestivalMUSIC (www.leedsfestival.com) The August Bank Holiday (the weekend preceding the last Monday in August) sees 50,000-plus music fans converge on Bramham Park, 10 miles outside the city centre, for the Leeds Festival. Spread across four stages, it's one of Englands's biggest rock-music extravaganzas. 4Sleeping There are no budget options in the city centre, and the midrange choices here are either chain hotels or places we wouldn't recommend. If you want somewhere cheapish you'll be forced to head for the suburbs, where there are plenty of decent B&Bs and smallish hotels. Russell Scott HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-245 9046; www.rshostels.co.uk; 47a Well Close Rise, Woodhouse; dm £15; W) There's a reason there are no photos of this new hostel on its website – it's just an anonymous red-brick suburban semi on a council estate. But it's the only hostel in Leeds, and if you can find it, the facilities are fine and the location is quiet. It's 1.5 miles (a half-hour walk) north of the train station. Roomzzz Leeds CityAPARTMENTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 499 4888; www.roomzzz.co.uk; 10 Swine­gate; 2-person apt from £82; i W) This outfit offers bright and modern luxury apartments complete with fitted kitchen, with the added advantage of 24-hour hotel reception, and a great city centre location; a second branch, Roomzzz Leeds City West, is half a mile west on Burley Rd. Headingley LodgeHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 858 2858; www.headingleylodge.co.uk; Headingley Stadium, St Michael's Lane; d/f from £60/75; p W) Smart, comfortable rooms with views of Headingley cricket ground; part of the stadium complex. Bewleys HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-234 2340; www.bewleyshotels.com/leeds; City Walk, Sweet St; r from £68; p i W) Bewleys is super-convenient for motorists, just off Junction 3 on the M621, but also just 10 minutes' walk from the city centre and with secure basement parking. Rooms are stylish and well appointed, with soundproofed walls and windows. The flat rate accommodates up to two adults plus two children under 12. oQuebecsBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-244 8989; www.quebecshotel.co.uk; 9 Quebec St; d/ste from £110/300; i W) Victorian grace at its opulent best is the theme of our favourite hotel in town, a conversion of the former Leeds & County Liberal Club. The elaborate wood panelling and heraldic stained-glass windows in the public areas are matched by the contemporary design of the bedrooms. Booking online can get you a suite for as little as half the rack rate. 42 The CallsBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-244 0099; www.42thecalls.co.uk; 42 The Calls; r/ste from £150/280; i W) A snazzy boutique hotel in what was once a 19th-century grain mill overlooking the river, this place is a big hit with the trendy business crowd, who love its sharp, polished lines and designer aesthetic. The smaller 'study' rooms are pretty compact and breakfast is not included – it'll cost you an extra £15 for the full English. 5Eating The Leeds restaurant scene is constantly evolving, with new places springing up in the wake of new shopping and residential developments. Pickles & PotterDELI, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.picklesandpotter.co.uk; 18-20 Queens Arcade; mains £4-7; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun; v) S This rustic cafe is famous for its superb sandwiches, especially the sumptuous roast-beef version complete with mustard, onion marmalade and fresh salad. There's also homemade soup, delicious cakes and a meat or vegetarian main course of the day. Hansa's GujaratiINDIAN, VEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hansasrestaurant.com; 72-74 North St; mains £6-8; h5-10pm Mon-Fri, 6-11pm Sat, noon-2pm Sun; v c) A Leeds institution, Hansa's has been dishing up wholesome Gujarati vegetarian cuisine for almost 20 years. The restaurant is plain and unassuming (save for a Hindu shrine), but the food is exquisite – specialities of the house include _samosa chaat,_ a mix of spiced potato and chickpea samosas with a yoghurt and tamarind sauce. DishMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-318 2274; www.dishdining.co.uk; 19 Boar Ln; mains £11-22; h5-10pm Tue-Sat, noon-2.30pm Fri & Sat; v) S One of Yorkshire's best up-and-coming restaurants, Dish offers fine dining in an informal setting, while the menu takes an imaginative approach to the best of British and especially Yorkshire produce – the Yorkshire beef Wellington (£55 for two) is not to be missed. Unusually, vegetarians are not forgotten, with several gourmet options to choose from. Two-/three-course set menu £16.50/19.50. Brasserie BlancFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-220 6060; www.brasserieblanc.com; Victoria Mill, Sovereign St; mains £10-20; hnoon-2.45pm & 5.30-10pm Mon-Fri, noon-10.30pm Sat, to 9pm Sun; c) Raymond Blanc manages to create a surprisingly intimate and romantic space amid the cast-iron pillars and red brick of an old Victorian warehouse, with a scattering of outdoor tables for sunny lunchtimes beside the river. The menu is unerringly French, from _escargots_ (edible snails) to Toulouse sausage. The lunch and pre-7pm menu (except Sunday) offers three courses for £14. Art's Cafe Bar & RestaurantINTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.artscafebar.co.uk; 42 Call Lane; mains £11-17; hnoon-11pm; W) Local art on the walls and a bohemian vibe throughout make this a popular place for quiet reflection, a chat and a really good cup of coffee. The dinner menu offers a half-dozen classic dishes, while the early bird menu (pre-7pm, except Saturday) offers three courses for £15. oCrafthouseMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-897 0444; www.crafthouse-restaurant.com; Level 5, Trinity Leeds, 70 Boar Lane; mains £14-21; hnoon-3pm & 5-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10pm Sun; W) S This new rooftop restaurant makes a big impression, with cool grey and black decor and huge picture windows overlooking the neighbouring church tower. The food is similarly striking, with bold flavour combinations such as ham hock and dandelion salad or sea bream with fennel salad and sautéed beetroot. The three-course set menu (£22.50) is available lunchtimes and from 5pm to 6.30pm. 6Drinking & Nightlife Leeds is renowned for its selection of pubs and bars. Glammed-up hordes of party animals crawl the cluster of venues around Boar and Call Lanes, where bars are opening (and closing) all the time. Most bars open till 2am and many turn into clubs after 11pm or midnight. The tremendous club scene attracts people from miles around. In true northern tradition, people brave the cold wearing next to nothing, even in winter, which is a spectacle in itself. Clubs charge a variety of admission prices, ranging from as little as £1 on a slow weeknight to £10 or more on Saturday. In order to make sense of the ever-evolving scene, check out Leeds Guide (www.leedsguide.co.uk). The tourist office provides a free _Gay Leeds_ map and guide. North BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.northbar.com; 24 New Briggate; h11am-1am Mon & Tue, to 2am Wed-Sat, noon-midnight Sun; W) There's a Continental feel to this long and narrow, minimalist bar, enhanced by the unfamiliar beer labels, from Dortmunder and Duvel to Schneider and Snake Dog. In fact, North is dedicated to the best of world beers, with more than a dozen ales on tap and scores more in bottles. Good selection of malt whisky, too. Duck & DrakePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.duckndrake.co.uk; 43 Kirkgate; h10am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, 11am-midnight Sun; W) A down-to-earth, traditional boozer with a well-worn atmosphere, a cast of regular characters, a pub piano, pork pie and mushy peas on the menu, and no fewer than 15 hand-pulled real ales to choose from. It also provides a stage for local rock and blues bands from Wednesday to Sunday nights. WhitelocksPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.whitelocksleeds.com; 6-8 Turk's Head Yard; h11am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, to 11.30pm Sun; W c #) There's lots of polished wood, gleaming brass and colourful stained glass in this popular traditional pub, which dates from 1715. Theakston's, Deuchars IPA and several other real ales are on tap, there's a log fire in winter, and in summer the crowds spill out into the courtyard. Baby JupiterBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.babyjupiter.co.uk; 11 York Pl; hnoon-midnight Mon-Wed, to 2am Thu & Fri, 5pm-2am Sat) A retro gem with lots of purple velvet, hanging fishbowls and images from old sci-fi films, this basement bar sports a cool soundtrack that ranges from indie, funk and soul to punk, new wave and electro. SandinistaCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sandinistaleeds.co.uk; 5/5a Cross Belgrave St; h11am-3am Sun-Fri, 10am-4am Sat; W) This laid-back bar has a Latin look, but a unifying theme, attracting an eclectic clientele with its mixed bag of music and unpretentious atmosphere. If you enjoy a well-mixed cocktail, but aren't too fussed about looking glam, this is the spot for you. Bar FibreGAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.barfibre.com; 168 Lower Briggate; hnoon-1am Sun-Wed, to 3am Thu & Fri, to 4am Sat) Leeds' most popular gay bar, which spills out onto the cheekily named Queen's Court, is where the beautiful people congregate. There's another cluster of gay bars downhill at the junction of Lower Briggate and The Calls. HiFi ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thehificlub.co.uk; 2 Central Rd; h11pm-3am Wed & Fri-Sun) This intimate club is a good break from the hardcore sound of electronic dance: if it's Tamla Motown or the percussive beats of dance-floor jazz that shake your booty, this is the spot for you. MissionCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.clubmission.com; Viaduct St; h11pm-4am Mon & Fri, to 6am Sat, 10pm-3.30am Thu) Fresh from a huge refit, this massive club redefines the term 'up for it'. Thursday sees the Full Moon Thai Beach Party student night, while Saturdays offer a range of house, dance and classic-anthem club nights, plus the Queer-Do gay club (11pm to 6am). WireCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wireclub.co.uk; 2-8 Call Lane; h10pm-3am) This small, atmospheric basement club, set in a forest of Victorian cast-iron pillars, throbs to a different beat every night, from rock and roll to drum and bass. Popular with local students. 3Entertainment City VarietiesVARIETY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cityvarieties.co.uk; Swan St) Founded in 1865, City Varieties is the world's longest running music hall, where the likes of Harry Houdini, Charlie Chaplin and Lily Langtry once trod the boards. Reopened after a major revamp, the program now features stand-up comedy, live music, pantomime and old-fashioned variety shows. Grand Theatre & Opera HouseTHEATRE, OPERA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leedsgrandtheatre.com; 46 New Briggate) Hosts musicals, plays and opera, including performances by the acclaimed Opera North (www.operanorth.co.uk). West Yorkshire PlayhouseTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.wyp.org.uk; Quarry Hill Mount) The Playhouse has a reputation for excellent live drama, from the classics to cutting-edge new writing. It's on the eastern edge of the city centre. 7Shopping Leeds' city centre has so many shopping arcades they all seem to blend into one giant mall. The latest development, Trinity Leeds ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.trinityleeds.com; h9am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun), opened in 2013, is the city's biggest, while the historic Corn Exchange ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leedscornexchange.co.uk; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4.30pm Sun; W), with its dramatic wrought-iron dome, is reinventing itself as a home for designer boutiques and fashion markets. Victoria QuarterMALL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.v-q.co.uk) The mosaic-paved, stained-glass-roofed Victorian arcades of Victoria Quarter, between Briggate and Vicar Lane, are well worth visiting for aesthetic reasons alone. Dedicated shoppers can join the footballers' wives browsing boutiques by Louis Vuitton, Vivienne Westwood and Swarovski. The flagship store here, of course, is Harvey Nichols ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.harveynichols.com; 107-111 Briggate; h10am-6pm Mon-Wed, to 8pm Thu, to 7pm Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun). Leeds City MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.leedsmarket.com; Kirkgate; h9am-5pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat, to 1pm Wed, open-air market Thu-Tue) Sitting at the opposite end of the retail spectrum to its flashy Victoria Quarter neighbour, this is Britain's largest covered market, selling fresh meat, fish and fruit and vegetables, as well as household goods. It was once the home of Michael Marks, who later joined forces with Spencer to become the retailing giant. 8Information Gateway Yorkshire & Leeds Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0113-242 5242; www.visitleeds.co.uk; The Arcade, Leeds City Train Station; h10am-5.30pm Mon, 9am-5.30pm Tue-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St John's Centre, 116 Albion St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away A **Air** Eleven miles northwest of the city via the A65, Leeds Bradford International Airport (www.leedsbradfordairport.co.uk) has flights to a range of domestic and international destinations. The Metroconnect 757 bus (£3.50, 40 minutes, every 30 minutes, hourly on Sunday) runs between Leeds bus station and the airport. A taxi costs about £20. A **Bus** National Express (www.nationalexpress.com) serves most major cities, including services from London (from £12, 4½ hours, hourly) and Manchester (from £5, 1¼ hours, every 30 minutes). Yorkshire Coastliner (www.coastliner.co.uk) buses run from Leeds to York (£6.20, 1¼ hours), Whitby (£13, 3¾ hours) and Scarborough (£12, three hours). A Freedom Ticket (£15) gives unlimited bus travel on all of these services for a day. A **Train** Leeds City Train Station has hourly services from London King's Cross (£90, 2½ hours), Sheffield (£14, one hour), Manchester (£16, one hour) and York (£13.50, 25 minutes, every 15 minutes). Leeds is also the starting point for trains on the famous Settle–Carlisle railway line. 8Getting Around Leeds City Bus (www.wymetro.com; flat fare 50p) runs every few minutes from 6.30am to 7.30pm Monday to Saturday, linking the bus and train stations with all the main shopping areas in the city centre. The various WY Metro DayRover passes covering trains and/or buses are good for reaching Bradford, Haworth and Hebden Bridge. ### Bradford Their suburbs may have merged into one sprawling urban conurbation, but Bradford remains far removed from its much more glamorous neighbour, Leeds. Thanks to its role as a major player in the wool trade, Bradford attracted large numbers of immigrants from Bangladesh and Pakistan during the 20th century. Despite occasional racial tensions, these new arrivals have helped reinvigorate the city and give it new energy (plus a reputation for superb curry restaurants). A high point of the year is the colourful **Bradford Mela** , now incorporated into the mid-June Bradford Festival (www.bradfordfestival.org.uk), a celebration of Asian music, dance, arts, crafts and food. Bradford is on the Metro train line from Leeds (£3.60, 20 minutes, three or four per hour). 1Sights oNational Media MuseumMUSEUM (www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk; off Little Horton Lane; h10am-6pm) F Bradford's top attraction is the National Media Museum, an impressive glass-fronted building that chronicles the story of photography, film, TV, radio and the web from 19th-century cameras and early animation to digital technology and the psychology of advertising. There's lots of hands-on stuff, too. You can film yourself in a bedroom scene, pretend to be a TV newsreader, or play 1970s and 80s video games. The IMAX cinema (adult/child £11.50/9) here shows the usual combination of in-your-face nature films, space documentaries and 3D animations. The museum looks out over **City Park** , Bradford's new central square, which is home to the Mirror Pool, the country's largest urban water feature. 5Eating Bradford is famous for its curries – it was voted the UK's Curry Capital for three years running from 2011 to 2013 – so don't miss out on trying one of the city's hundred or so restaurants. A great help is the Bradford Curry Guide (www.visitbradford.com/explore/Bradford_Curry_Guide.aspx). KashmirINDIAN (27 Morley St; mains £4-6; h11am-3am; v) Bradford's oldest curry house has top tucker, served with no frills and no booze (although it is BYO). Whatever you do, go for a table upstairs, as the soul-destroying, windowless basement has all the character of a 1950s factory canteen. It's just around the corner from the National Media Museum. Zouk Tea BarINDIAN (www.zoukteabar.co.uk; 1312 Leeds Rd; mains £7-13; h11am-midnight; W v c) This modern and stylish cafe-restaurant staffed by chefs from Lahore serves everything from _chana puri_ (curried chickpeas) for breakfast to legendary lamb Nihari (slow-cooked lamb with a thick and spicy sauce) for dinner. ### Saltaire A Victorian-era landmark, Saltaire was a model industrial village built in 1851 by philanthropic wool baron and teetotaller Titus Salt. The rows of neat, honey-coloured cottages – now a Unesco World Heritage Site – overlook what was once the largest factory in the world. The factory is now Salts Mill (www.saltsmill.org.uk; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; p), a splendidly bright and airy building where the main attraction is a permanent exhibition of 1970s and 80s artworks by local boy David Hockney (1937−). In a fitting metaphor for the shift in the British economy from making things to selling them, this former engine of industry is now a shrine to retail therapy, with shops selling books, crafts and outdoor equipment, and a cafe and restaurant. Saltaire's tourist office ( %01274-437942; www.saltairevillage.info; Salts Mill, Victoria Rd; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) has maps of the village and provides information on local walks. Saltaire is 9 miles west of Leeds city centre and 3 miles north of Bradford centre, and is easily reached by Metro rail from either. ### National Coal Mining Museum for England National Coal Mining Museum for EnglandMUSEUM (www.ncm.org.uk; Overton, near Wakefield; h10am-5pm, last tour 3.15pm; p c) F For close to three centuries, West and South Yorkshire were synonymous with coal production. The collieries shaped and scarred the landscape and entire villages grew up around the pits. The industry came to a shuddering halt in the 1980s, but the imprint of coal is still very much in evidence, even if there's only a handful of collieries left. One of these, the former Caphouse Colliery, is now this fascinating museum, a superb testament to the inner workings of a coal mine. The highlight of a visit is the underground tour (departing every 10 minutes): equipped with helmet and head-torch, you descend almost 140m in the 'cage', then follow subterranean passages to the coal seam where massive drilling machines now stand idle. Former miners work as guides and explain the detail – sometimes with a suitably authentic and almost impenetrable mix of local dialect (known in Yorkshire as 'Tyke') and technical terminology. At ground level there are audiovisual displays, some fascinating memorabilia (including sketches by Henry Moore), and exhibits about trade unions, strikes and the wider mining communities – only a bit over-romanticised in parts. You can also stroll round the pit-pony stables (their equine inhabitants also now retired) or the slightly eerie bathhouse, unchanged since the miners scrubbed off the coal dust for the last time and emptied their lockers. The museum is 10 miles south of Leeds on the A642 between Wakefield and Huddersfield, reached via Junction 40 on the M1. By public transport, take a train from Leeds to Wakefield (£3.30, 15 minutes, at least hourly), and then bus 232 towards Huddersfield (£3, 25 minutes, hourly). ### Yorkshire Sculpture Park Yorkshire Sculpture ParkGALLERY (www.ysp.co.uk; Bretton Park, near Wakefield; admission free, 4hr parking £4; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Mar; p) One of England's most impressive collections of sculpture is scattered across the formidable 18th-century estate of Bretton Park, 200-odd hectares of lawns, fields and trees. A bit like the art world's equivalent of a safari park, the Yorkshire Sculpture Park showcases the work of dozens of sculptors both national and international. But the main focus of this outdoor gallery is the work of local kids Barbara Hepworth (1903−75), who was born in nearby Wakefield, and Henry Moore (1898−1986). The rural setting is especially fitting for Moore's work, as the artist was hugely influenced by the outdoors and preferred his art to be sited in the landscape rather than indoors. Other highlights include pieces by Andy Goldsworthy and Eduardo Paolozzi, and Richard Hiorns' famous work _Seizure 2008/2013,_ an apartment coated in blue copper sulphate crystals (open weekends only). There's also a program of temporary exhib­itions and installations by visiting artists, plus a bookshop and cafe. The park is 12 miles south of Leeds and 18 miles north of Sheffield, just off Junction 38 on the M1 motorway. If you're on public transport, take a train from Leeds to Wakefield (£3.30, 15 minutes, at least hourly), or from Sheffield to Barnsley (£3.80, 20 minutes, at least hourly), and then take bus 9, which runs between Wakefield and Barnsley via Bretton Park (£3, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). ### Hepworth Wakefield Hepworth WakefieldGALLERY ( %01924-247360; www.hepworthwakefield.org; Gallery Walk, Wakefield; admission free, parking £4.50; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; p) West Yorkshire's standing in the international arts scene got a boost in 2011 when the Yorkshire Sculpture Park was joined by this award-winning gallery of modern art, housed in a stunningly angular building on the banks of the River Calder. The gallery has been built around the works of Wakefield-born sculptor Barbara Hepworth, perhaps best known for her work _Single Form,_ which graces the United Nations Headquarters in New York. The gallery showcases more than a dozen Hepworth originals, as well as works by other 20th-century British artists including Ivon Hitchens, Paul Nash, Victor Pasmore, John Piper and Henry Moore. The Gott Collection of 19th-century art includes a 1793 painting of Wakefield Bridge and Chantry Chapel, which you can compare with the real thing by looking out the neighbouring window. The gallery is near the centre of Wakefield, a 10-minute walk south of Wakefield Kirkgate train station, easily reached from Leeds (£3.30, minutes, at least hourly). ### Hebden Bridge Pop 4235 Tucked tightly into a fold of a steep-sided valley, Yorkshire's funkiest little village is a former mill town that refused to go gently with the dying of industry's light. Instead, it raged a bit and then morphed into an attractive little tourist trap with a distinctly bohemian atmosphere. The town is home to university academics, artists, die-hard hippies and a substantial gay community. All of this explains the abundance of craft shops, organic cafes and secondhand bookstores. 1Sights Alternative Technology CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE (www.alternativetechnology.org.uk; Hebble End Mill; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, noon-5pm Sat, noon-4pm Sun) F From the town centre, a short stroll along the attractive waterfront of the Rochdale Canal leads to the Alternative Technology Centre, which promotes renewable energy, recycling and sustainable lifestyles through a series of intriguing exhibits and workshops. HeptonstallVILLAGE Above Hebden Bridge is the much older village of Heptonstall, its narrow cobbled street lined with 500-year-old cottages and the ruins of a beautiful 13th-century church. But it's the churchyard of the newer **St Thomas' Church** that draws literary pilgrims, for here is buried the poet Sylvia Plath (1932−63), wife of another famous poet, Ted Hughes (1930−98), who was born in nearby Mytholmroyd. Gibson MillHISTORIC BUILDING (www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £3.60/1.80; h11am-4pm Tue-Thu, Sat & Sun Mar-Oct, to 3pm Sat & Sun Nov-Feb; p) S This renovated 19th-century cotton mill houses a visitor centre with exhibitions covering the industrial and social history of the mill and its former workers. 4Sleeping & Eating Hebden Bridge HostelHOSTEL ( %01422-843183; www.hebdenbridgehostel.co.uk; Birchcliffe Centre, Birchcliffe Rd; dm/tw £20/55; hEaster-early Nov; p W) S Just 10 minutes' walk uphill from the town centre, this hostel is set in a peaceful stone building, complete with sunny patio, tucked behind a former Baptist chapel (look for the green hostel signs). There's a cosy library, comfy and clean en suite rooms, and a vegetarian-food-only kitchen. The hostel is closed from 10.30am to 5pm daily. Thorncliffe B&BB&B ( %01422-842163; Alexandra Rd; s/d £50/70; W) This delightful Victorian house is perched on the hill above town, and the guest accommodation is perched at the top of the house – a spacious attic double with en suite and lovely views across the valley (there's a second double room, but without views and en suite). A continental, vegetarian breakfast is served in your room. MoochCAFE (www.moochcafebar.co.uk; 24 Market St; mains £4-9; h9am-8pm Mon-Thu, to 11pm Fri, 10am-11pm Sat, to 8pm Sun; W v) This chilled-out little cafe-bar exemplifies Hebden's alternative atmosphere, with a menu that includes a full-vegan breakfast, brie-and-grape ciabatta, and Mediterranean lunch platters of olives, hummus, stuffed vine leaves, tabouli and more. There's also Krombacher beer on draught, and excellent espresso. Organic HouseCAFE (www.organic-house.co.uk; 2 Market St; mains £6-13; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun; W v c) S Practically everything on the menu at this busy local cafe is organic, locally produced or fair-trade, from the veggie breakfast to the _pâté_ _du jour_ (served with toast and chutney). There are outdoor tables in the garden, and a shiatsu and reflexology studio upstairs. oGreen's Vegetarian CaféVEGETARIAN ( %01422-843587; www.greensvegetariancafe.co.uk; Old Oxford House, Albert St; mains £11; h11am-3pm Wed-Sun, 6.30-9pm Fri & Sat; v) S One of Yorkshire's best vegetarian restaurants, Green's adopts a gourmet attitude towards veggie and vegan cuisine, serving dishes such as Sicilian _caponata_ (aubergines, red pepper, celery, olives and capers) with spaghetti, and Thai green curry with chickpeas, squash and tofu. Best book a table to avoid disappointment, especially for dinner. 8Information Hebden Bridge Visitor & Canal CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01422-843831; www.hebdenbridge.co.uk; Butlers Wharf, New Rd; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–mid-Oct, shorter hours rest of year) Has a good stock of maps and leaflets on local walks, including a saunter to Hardcastle Crags, the local beauty spot, and nearby NT-listed Gibson Mill. 8Getting There & Away Hebden Bridge is on the train line from Leeds (£5.30, 50 minutes, every 20 minutes Monday to Saturday, hourly on Sunday) to Manchester. ### BAD-LUCK BRONTëS The Reverend Patrick Brontë, his wife Maria and six children moved to Haworth Parsonage in 1820. Within four years Maria and the two eldest daughters had died from cancer and tuberculosis. This triple tragedy led the good reverend to keep his remaining family close to him, and for the next few years the children were home-schooled in a highly creative environment. The children conjured up mythical heroes and fantasy lands, and produced miniature homemade books. It was an auspicious start, at least for the three girls, Charlotte, Emily and Anne. The lone boy, Branwell, was more of a painter, but lacked his sisters' drive and discipline. After a short stint as a professional artist, he ended up spending most of his days in the Black Bull pub, drunk and stoned on laudanum obtained across the street at Rose & Co Apothecary. While the three sisters were setting the London literary world alight with the publication of three superb novels – _Jane Eyre,_ _Wuthering Heights_ and _Agnes Grey_ – in one extraordinary year (1847), Branwell was fading quickly and died of tuberculosis in September 1848. The family was devastated, but things quickly got worse. Emily fell ill with tuberculosis soon after her brother's funeral; she never left the house again, and died on 19 December. Anne, who had also been sick, was next; Charlotte took her to Scarborough to seek a sea cure, but she died on 28 May 1849. The remaining family never recovered. Despite her growing fame, Charlotte struggled with depression and never quite adapted to her high position in literary society. Despite her misgivings, she eventually married, but died in the early stages of pregnancy on 31 March 1855. All things considered, it's hardly surprising that poor old Patrick Brontë spent the remainder of his life going steadily insane. ### Haworth Pop 6380 It seems that only Shakespeare himself is held in higher esteem than the beloved Brontë sisters – Emily, Anne and Charlotte – judging by the 8 million visitors a year who trudge up the hill from the train station to pay their respects at the handsome parsonage where the literary classics _Jane Eyre_ and _Wuthering Heights_ were penned _._ Not surprisingly, the whole village is given over to Brontë-linked tourism, but even without the literary associations Haworth is still worth a visit, though you'll be hard pushed not to be overwhelmed by the cottage industry that has grown up around the Brontës and their wonderful creations. 1Sights Haworth Parish ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church St; h9am-5.30pm) Your first stop in Haworth should be the parish church, a lovely old place of worship built in the late 19th century on the site of the older church that the Brontë sisters knew, which was demolished in 1879. In the surrounding churchyard, gravestones are covered in moss or pushed to one side by gnarled tree roots, giving the place a tremendous feeling of age. Brontë Parsonage MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bronte.info; Church St; adult/child £7.50/3.75; h10am-5.30pm) Set in a pretty garden overlooking the church and graveyard, the house where the Brontë family lived from 1820 to 1861 is now a museum. The rooms are meticulously furnished and decorated exactly as they were in the Brontë era, including Charlotte's bedroom, her clothes and her writing paraphernalia. There's also an informative exhibition, which includes the fascinating miniature books the Brontës wrote as children. ### STEAM ENGINES & RAILWAY CHILDREN Keighley & Worth Valley RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (www.kwvr.co.uk; adult/child return £11/5.50, Day Rover £15/7.50) The Keighley & Worth Valley Railway runs steam and classic diesel engines between Keighley and Oxenhope via Haworth, of Brontë fame. It was here, in 1969, that the classic 1970 movie _The Railway Children_ was shot: Mr Perks was station master at Oakworth, where the Edwardian look has been meticulously maintained. Trains operate about hourly at weekends all year, and in holiday periods they run hourly every day. 2Activities Above Haworth stretch the bleak moors of the South Pennines – immediately familiar to Brontë fans – and the tourist office has leaflets on local walks to endless Brontë-related places. A 6.5-mile favourite leads to **Top Withins** , a ruined farm thought to have inspired _Wuthering Heights,_ even though a plaque clearly states that the farmhouse bore no resemblance to the one Emily wrote about. Other walks can be taken around the **Brontë Way** , a longer route linking Bradford and Colne via Haworth. Alternatively, you can walk or cycle the 8 miles south to Hebden Bridge via the scenic valley of Hardcastle Crags. 4Sleeping & Eating Virtually every second house on Main St offers B&B; they're mostly indistinguishable from each other, but some are just that little bit cuter. There are a couple of good restaurants in town, and many of the B&Bs have small cafes that are good for a spot of lunch. Apothecary Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-643642; www.theapothecaryguesthouse.co.uk; 86 Main St; s/d £35/55; W) Oak beams and narrow, slanted passageways lead to smallish rooms with cheerful decor. Haworth YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9520; www.yha.org.uk; Longlands Dr; dm/tw £18.50/47; p i) A big old house with a games room, lounge, cycle store and laundry. It's on the northeastern edge of town, off Lees Lane. Old RegistryB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-646503; www.theoldregistryhaworth.co.uk; 2-4 Main St; r £75-120; W) This place is a bit special. It's an elegantly rustic guesthouse where each of the carefully themed rooms has a four-poster bed, whirlpool bath or valley view. The Blue Heaven room is just that – at least for fans of Laura Ashley's delphinium blue. Ye Sleeping HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-546992; www.yesleepinghouse.co.uk; 8 Main St; s/d from £29/58; p W) This welcoming B&B has a cosy, country-cottage atmosphere, with just three small rooms and two friendly resident cats. Try to get the one ensuite room, which can sleep a family of four and has great views over the valley. Old White Lion HotelINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-642313; www.oldwhitelionhotel.com; West Lane; s/d from £70/98; p W) Pub-style accommodation, comfortable if not spectacular – though some rooms have good views – above an oak-panelled pub and highly rated restaurant. CookhouseCAFE, BISTRO ( %01535-958904; www.thecookhousehaworth.co.uk; Main St; mains £4-9; h10am-5.30pm; W c) A bright and breezy cafe that serves a bracing breakfast menu (till 11.45am) that includes eggs Benedict and bacon, cheese and onion hash, and mouth-watering lunch dishes such as bangers and mash with onion gravy, pulled pork sandwiches with barbecue sauce or toasted crumpets with Wensleydale cheese and chutney. Cobbles & ClayCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cobblesandclay.co.uk; 60 Main St; mains £5-8; h9am-5pm; v c) This attractive, child-friendly cafe not only offers fair-trade coffee and healthy salads and snacks – Tuscan bean stew, or hummus with pita bread and raw veggie sticks – but also provides the opportunity to indulge in a bit of pottery painting. Haworth Old HallPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-642709; www.hawortholdhall.co.uk; Sun St; mains £10-15) A 16th-century pub serving real ale and decent food, with a glorious beer garden for al fresco drinking and dining. If you want to linger longer, two comfortable doubles cost from £60 each. 8Information Haworth Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01535-642329; www.haworth-village.org.uk; 2-4 West Lane; h9am-5.30pm) The tourist office has an excellent supply of information on the village, the surrounding area and, of course, the Brontës. 8Getting There & Away From Leeds, the easiest approach is via Keighley, which is on the Metro rail network. Bus 500 runs from Keighley bus station to Haworth (£2.10, 15 minutes, hourly) and continues to Todmorden and Hebden Bridge. However, the most interesting way to get from Keighley to Haworth is via the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway. ## South Yorkshire What wool was to West Yorkshire, so steel was to South Yorkshire. A confluence of natural resources – coal, iron ore and ample water – made the region a crucible of the British iron and steel industries. From the 18th to the 20th centuries, the region was the industrial powerhouse of northern England. Sheffield's and Rotherham's blast furnaces and the coal pits of Barnsley and Doncaster may have closed long ago, but the hulking reminders of that irrepressible Victorian dynamism remain, not only in the old steelworks and pit heads (some of which have been converted into museums and exhibition spaces), but also in the grand civic buildings that grace Sheffield's city centre, fitting testaments to the untrammelled ambitions of their 19th-century patrons. ### Sheffield Pop 551,800 Steel is everywhere in Sheffield. Today, however, it's not the steel of the foundries, mills and forges that made the city's fortune, nor the canteens of cutlery that made 'Sheffield Steel' a household name, but the steel of scaffolding and cranes, of modern sculptures and supertrams, and of new steel-framed buildings rising against the skyline. The steel industry that made the city famous is long since gone, but after many years of decline Sheffield is on the up again – like many of northern England's cities, it has grabbed the opportunities presented by urban renewal with both hands and is working hard to reinvent itself. The new economy is based on services, shopping and the 'knowledge industry' that flows from the city's universities. 1Sights Since 2000 the city centre has been in the throes of a massive redevelopment that will continue into 2020 and beyond, so expect building sites and roadworks for several years to come. Winter GardensGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Surrey St; h8am-6pm) Pride of place in Sheffield's city centre goes to this wonderfully ambitious public space with a soaring glass roof supported by graceful arches of laminated timber. The 21st-century architecture contrasts sharply with the Victorian **town hall** nearby, and is further enhanced by the **Peace Gardens** – complete with fountains, sculptures, and lawns full of lunching office workers whenever there's a bit of sun. Millennium GalleryGALLERY, MUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museums-sheffield.org.uk; Arundel Gate; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) F Sheffield's cultural revival is spearheaded by the Millennium Gallery, a collection of four galleries under one roof. Inside, the **Ruskin Gallery** houses an eclectic collection of paintings, drawings and manuscripts established and inspired by Victorian artist, writer, critic and philosopher John Ruskin, while the **Metalwork Gallery** charts the transformation of Sheffield's steel industry into craft and design – the 'Sheffield steel' stamp on locally made cutlery and tableware now has the cachet of designer chic. Graves GalleryGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museums-sheffield.org.uk; Surrey St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) This gallery has a neat and accessible display of British and European modern art. The big names represented include Cézanne, Gaugin, Miró, Klee and Picasso. Abbeydale Industrial HamletMUSEUM (www.simt.co.uk; Abbeydale Rd S; adult/child £4/free; h10am-4pm Mon-Thu, 11am-4.45pm Sun; p c) In the days before steel mills, metalworking was a cottage industry (just like wool and cotton). For a glimpse of that earlier, more innocent era, explore the restored 18th-century forges, workshops and machines at the Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, 4 miles southwest of the centre on the A621 (towards the Peak District). 4Sleeping & Eating Tourism has not quite taken off in Sheffield, and most of the city-centre hotels cater primarily to business travellers. New restaurants are springing up, but the main restaurant areas are outside the centre. There's a mile-long strip of bars, restaurants, cafes and takeaways on Ecclesall Rd, a mile to the southwest of the city centre, while London Rd, a mile south of the central city, has a concentration of good-value ethnic restaurants ranging from Turkish to Thai. To find student bars and eateries, head along Division St and Devonshire St just west of the city centre. Leopold HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 078 0067; www.leopoldhotel.co.uk; 2 Leopold St; r from £65; W) Housed in a former grammar school building, Sheffield's first boutique hotel brings some much-needed style and sophistication to the city's accommodation scene (but without a London-sized price tag). Rooms can suffer late-night noise from the bars on Leopold Sq – ask for a quiet room at the back. Houseboat HotelsHOUSEBOAT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01909-569393; www.houseboathotels.com; Victoria Quays, Wharfe St; s/d/q from £79/99/159; p) Here's something a bit different: kick off your shoes and relax on board your very own permanently moored houseboat, complete with self-catering kitchen and patio area. Guests are entitled to use the gym and pool facilities at the Hilton across the road. Marmaduke'sCAFE (www.marmadukescafedeli.co.uk; 22a Norfolk Row; mains £6-9; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; W v) S This appealingly cramped and chaotic cafe, crammed with recycled furniture and run by a young and enthusiastic crew, serves an imaginative breakfast menu (until 11.30am) that includes corn fritters with avocado salsa, and lunch dishes that range from deli sandwiches and quiche to vegetarian specials. Cash only. Blue Moon CafeVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 St James St; mains £6-7; h8am-8pm Mon-Sat; v) A Sheffield institution offering tasty veggie and vegan creations, soups and other healthy dishes, all served with the ubiquitous salad, in a very pleasant atmosphere – perfect for a spot of Saturday afternoon lounging. oVero GustoITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0114-276 0004; www.verogusto.com; 12 Norfolk Row; mains £9-25; h4-10pm Tue-Sat; W) Gusto is a _real_ Italian restaurant, from the Italian owners serving homemade Italian food to the genuine Italian coffee enjoyed by Italian customers reading Italian newspapers...you get the idea. Coffee and home-baked Italian cakes and pastries are served in the late afternoon, plus a dinner menu of exquisite Italian cuisine. It's best to book for dinner. 8Information Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Norfolk St; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 3pm Sat) Sheffield Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0114-221 1900; www.welcometosheffield.co.uk; Winter Garden, Surrey St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat, closed 1-1.30pm) 8Getting There & Away For all travel-related info for Sheffield and South Yorkshire, contact Travel South Yorkshire ( %01709-515151; www.travelsouthyorkshire.com). A **Bus** The bus station, called the Interchange, is just east of the centre, about 250m north of the train station. National Express services link Sheffield with most major centres in the north. There are frequent buses to Leeds (£4.50, one hour, hourly), Manchester (£8.60, 1½ hours, four daily) and London (£14, four hours, four daily). A **Train** Sheffield is served by trains from all directions: Leeds (£12, one hour, twice hourly); London St Pancras (£65, 2½ hours, hourly) via Derby or Nottingham; Manchester (£14, one hour, twice hourly); and York (£15, 1¼ hours, twice hourly). ## East Riding of Yorkshire The rolling farmland of the East Riding of Yorkshire meets the sea at Hull, a no-nonsense port that looks to the North Sea and the broad horizons of the Humber estuary for its livelihood. Just to its north, and in complete contrast to Hull's salt and grit, is Beverley, the East Riding's most attractive town, with lots of Georgian character and one of England's finest churches. ### Hull Pop 284,320 Properly known as Kingston-upon-Hull – the ancient harbour on the River Hull was granted a royal charter in 1299 and became King's Town – Hull has long been the principal port of England's east coast, with an economy that grew up around carrying wool out and bringing wine in. It was also a major whaling and fishing port until the trawling industry died out. Though it's not going to win any prizes for prettiness, the city has a gritty appeal for those who appreciate Britain's industrial past and enjoy getting away from the beaten tourist path. Famous as the home of poet Philip Larkin, Hull harbours a clutch of fascinating museums and one of Britain's best aquariums. Named as UK City of Culture 2017, the town has set about the regeneration of its waterfront. A minor cultural renaissance has taken place in the Fruitmarket district around Humber St, where derelict buildings have been reclaimed as artists' studios and performance spaces, but progress is slow. 1Sights & Activities DeepAQUARIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thedeep.co.uk; Tower St; adult/child £11.50/9.50; h10am-6pm, last entry 5pm; p c) Hull's biggest tourist attraction is the Deep, a vast aquarium housed in a colossal angular building that appears to lunge above the muddy waters of the Humber like a giant shark's head. Inside, it's just as dramatic, with echoing commentaries and computer-generated interactive displays that guide you through the formation of the oceans and the evolution of sea life. The largest aquarium is 10m deep, filled with sharks, stingrays and colourful coral fishes, with moray eels draped over rocks like scarves of iridescent slime. A glass elevator plies up and down inside the tank, though you'll get a better view by taking the stairs. Don't miss the cafe on the top floor, which has a great view of the Humber estuary. Streetlife MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hullcc.gov.uk/museums; High St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1.30-4.30pm Sun) F This fascinating museum contains re-created street scenes from Georgian and Victorian times and from the 1930s, with all sorts of historic vehicles to explore, from stagecoaches to bicycles, buses and trams. Hull & East Riding MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hullcc.gov.uk/museums; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1.30-4.30pm Sun) F This museum traces local history and archaeology from Roman times to the present, with new Anglo-Saxon, medieval and geology galleries. Arctic CorsairHISTORIC SITE (www.hullcc.gov.uk/museums; h10am-4.30pm Wed & Sat, 1.30-4.30pm Sun Apr-Oct) F Behind the Streetlife Museum, marooned in the mud of the River Hull, is the Arctic Corsair. Tours of this Atlantic trawler, a veteran of the 1970s so-called 'Cod Wars', when the UK and Iceland clashed over fishing rights, demonstrate the hardships of fishing north of the Arctic Circle. Spurn LightshipMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle St; h1.30-4pm Sun late Jun-mid Sep) F Built in 1927, Hull's lighthouse-ship once served as a navigation mark for ships entering the notorious Humber estuary. Now safely retired in the marina, it houses an engaging exhibition about its own history, and offers an interesting contrast between the former living quarters of captain and crew. Old TownNEIGHBOURHOOD Hull's Old Town, whose grand public buildings retain a sense of the prosperity the town once knew, occupies the thumb of land between the River Hull to the east and Princes Quay to the west. The most impressive legacy is the Guildhall ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Low Gate; h8.30am-4.30pm Mon-Thu, to 3.30pm Fri), a huge neoclassical building that dates from 1916 and houses vast areas of polished marble, and oak and walnut panelling, plus the Hull Tapestry, which records the city's history (on view near reception). Wilberforce HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hullcc.gov.uk/museums; High Street; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1.30-4.30pm Sun) F Wilberforce House (1639) was the birthplace in 1759 of politician and antislavery crusader William Wilberforce. It is now a museum chronicling the slave trade and its abolition. Larkin TrailWALKING TOUR (www.thelarkintrail.co.uk) Hull's most famous son, the poet Philip Larkin, is commemorated in this self-guided walking tour, which begins beside a bronze statue of the man himself in the railway station. It leads past places mentioned in his poetry, and on to some of his favourite pubs. Pick up a free leaflet at the tourist office. 4Sleeping & Eating Good accommodation in the city centre is pretty thin on the ground and is mostly business-oriented chain hotels and a few mediocre guesthouses. The tourist office will help book accommodation for free. The best concentration of eating places is found around Dock St in the city centre, and along Princes Ave, from Welbeck St to Blenheim St, a mile northwest of the centre. Kingston Theatre HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01482-225828; www.kingstontheatrehotel.com; 1-2 Kingston Sq; s/d/ste from £60/80/110; W) Overlooking leafy Kingston Sq, close to the New Theatre, this hotel is one of the best options in the city centre, with elegant bedrooms, friendly service and an excellent breakfast. FudgeCAFE, BRASSERIE ( %01482-441019; www.fudgefood.com; 93 Princes Ave; mains £7-21; h10.30am-2.30pm Tue-Thu & Sun, 9am-3pm Fri & Sat, 6-9pm Tue-Sun) This funky cafe decked out in pink and peppermint colours serves hearty breakfasts, cakes and coffee all day, but also offers a tempting brasserie menu at lunch and dinner, with dishes that include juicy burgers (beef or veggie), herby crab cakes and Portuguese fish stew. Hitchcock's Vegetarian RestaurantVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01482-320233; www.hitchcocksrestaurant.co.uk; 1 Bishop Lane, High St; buffet £18; h8-10.30pm Tue-Sat; v) The word 'quirky' could have been invented to describe this place. It's an atmospheric maze of small rooms, with an all-you-can-eat vegetarian buffet whose theme – Thai, Indian, Spanish, whatever – is chosen by the first person to book that evening. But, hey, the food is excellent and the welcome is warm. Bookings required. 1884 Dock Street KitchenMODERN BRITISH ( %01482-222260; www.1884dockstreetkitchen.co.uk; Humber Dock St; mains £17-32; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, noon-3pm Sun; W) S Poster boy for the city's redeveloping waterfront, this big and bold enterprise tries to blend British cuisine with a sepia-tinted, late-19th-century New York steakhouse look, and just about pulls it off. As well as the steaks, the menu is strong on Scottish seafood, Yorkshire pork and Lancashire lamb, and dishes dotted with wild garlic and duck egg. Three-course set menu £22. 6Drinking & Entertainment Come nightfall – especially at weekends – Hull can be raucous and often rowdy, especially in the streets around Trinity Sq in the Old Town and on the strip of pubs along Beverley Rd to the north of the city centre. MinervaPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Nelson St; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) If you're more into pubbing than clubbing, try a pint of Black Sheep at this lovely 200-year-old pub down by the waterfront. On a sunny day you can sit outdoors and watch the ships go by. FruitspaceLIVE MUSIC, COMEDY ( %01482-221113; www.fruitspace.co.uk; 62-63 Humber St) A focus for the cultural revival of Hull's Fruitmarket district, this former industrial space is now a multipurpose venue incorporating a bar, cinema and stage. There are regular live gigs by local bands (and occasional big names), a monthly comedy club and, on the third Sunday of the month, the Humber Street Market. Hull Truck TheatreTHEATRE, JAZZ (www.hulltruck.co.uk; Spring St) Home to acclaimed playwright John Godber, who made his name with the gritty comedies _Bouncers_ and _Up 'n' Under_ (he is one of the most-performed playwrights in the English-speaking world), Hull Truck presents a lively program of drama, comedy and Sunday jazz. It's just northwest of the Old Town. 8Information Hull Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844-811 2070; www.visithullandeastyorkshire.com; 1 Paragon St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-3pm Sun) Post OfficePOST OFFICE (63 Market Pl; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away A **Boat** The ferry port is 3 miles east of the centre at King George Dock. A bus connects the train station with the ferries. There are ferry services to Zeebrugge and Rotterdam. A **Bus** There are buses direct from London (£26, 6½ hours, one daily), Leeds (£9, 1¾ hours, hourly) and York (£6.90, 1¾ hours, six daily). A **Train** Hull has rail links north and south to Newcastle (£40, 2½ hours, hourly, change at York or Doncaster) and London King's Cross (£75, 2¾ hours, every two hours), and west to York (£25, 1¼ hours, hourly) and Leeds (£15, one hour, hourly). #### WORTH A TRIP ### PIPE & GLASS INN oPipe and Glass InnGASTROPUB ( %01430-810246; www.pipeandglass.co.uk; West End, South Dalton; mains £11-27; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Fri, noon-11pm Sat, noon-4pm Sun; p W v c) S Set in a picturesque hamlet 4 miles northwest of Beverley, this charming country pub has held a Michelin star since 2010. The setting may be delightfully informal, with weathered timber tables, stone hearths and leather sofas, but a great deal of care is lavished on the food – even seemingly simple dishes such as fish pie are unforgettable. ### Beverley Pop 30,590 Handsome, unspoilt Beverley is one of the most attractive towns in Yorkshire, largely on account of its magnificent minster – a rival to any cathedral in England – and the tangle of streets that lie beneath it, each brimming with exquisite Georgian and Victorian buildings. All the sights are a short walk from either train or bus station. There's a large market in the main square on Saturday, and a smaller one on Wednesday on the square called...Wednesday Market. 1Sights oBeverley MinsterCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.beverleyminster.org; h9am-4.45pm Mon-Sat, noon-5.30pm Sun) One of the great glories of English religious architecture, Beverley Minster is the most impressive church in the country that is not a cathedral. The soaring lines of the exterior are imposing, but it is inside that the charm and beauty lie. The 14th-century north aisle is lined with original stone carvings, mostly of musicians. Much of our knowledge of early musical instruments comes from these images. You'll also see goblins, devils and grotesque figures. Look out for the bagpipe player. Construction began in 1220 – the third church to be built on this site, with the first dating from the 7th century – and continued for two centuries, spanning the Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular periods of the Gothic style. Close to the altar, the elaborate and intricate **Percy Canopy** (1340), a decorative frill above the tomb of local aristocrat Lady Eleanor Percy, is a testament to the skill of the sculptor and the finest example of Gothic stone carving in England. In complete contrast, in the nearby chancel is the 10th-century Saxon **frith stool** , a plain and polished stone chair that once gave sanctuary to anyone escaping the law. In the roof of the tower is a restored treadwheel crane, where workers ground around like hapless hamsters to lift the huge loads necessary to build a medieval church. Access to the roof is by guided tour only (per person £5). St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat, 2-4pm Sun Apr-Sep, shorter hours Oct-Mar) Doomed to play second fiddle to Beverley Minster, St Mary's Church at the other end of town was built between 1120 and 1530. The west front (early 15th century) is considered one of the finest of any parish church in England. In the north choir aisle there is a carving (c 1330) of a rabbit dressed as a pilgrim, said to have inspired Lewis Carroll's White Rabbit. 4Sleeping & Eating Friary YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9004; www.yha.org.uk; Friar's Lane; dm/d £18.50/69; p) In Beverley, the cheapest accommodation also has the best setting and location. This hostel is housed in a beautifully restored 14th-century Dominican friary mentioned in Chaucer's _The Canterbury Tales,_ and is only 100m from the minster and a short walk from the train station. Kings HeadINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01482-868103; www.kingsheadpubbeverley.co.uk; 38 Saturday Market; s/d £70/80; i W) A Georgian coaching inn given a modern makeover, the Kings Head is a lively pub with 12 bright and cheerful rooms above the bar. The pub opens late on weekend nights, but earplugs are supplied for those who don't want to join the revelry! Vanessa DelicafeCAFE ( %01482-868190; www.vanessadelicafe.co.uk; 21-22 Saturday Market; mains £7-15; h9am-4.30pm Mon, Tue, Fri & Sat, to 9pm Wed & Thu, 10am-3.30pm Sun; W c) This popular cafe sits above a delicatessen, with sofas and bookshelves scattered among the tables, and window seats overlooking the market square. Settle down for cappuccino and cake with the Sunday papers, or tuck into hearty lunch and dinner specials such as homemade lasagne or venison burger. Grant's Bistro 22MODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01482-887624; 22 North Bar Within; mains £16-25; hnoon-2pm Fri & Sat, 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) S A great place for a romantic dinner _à deux,_ with dark-wood tables, fresh flowers and candlelight. The menu makes the most of fresh local beef, game and especially seafood, with dishes such as pan-fried scallops with black pudding. A two-/three-course lunch is £15/20. 8Information Beverley Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01482-391672; www.beverley.gov.uk; 34 Butcher Row; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 4.30pm Sat year-round, also 10am-3.30pm Sun Apr-Sep) Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Register Sq; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 12.30pm Sat) 8Getting There & Away A **Bus** There are frequent bus services from Hull, including numbers 121, 122, 246 and X46/X47 (£4.05, 30 minutes, every 20 minutes). Bus X46/X47 links Beverley with York (£6.45, 1¼ hours, hourly). A **Train** Trains run regularly to Scarborough (£13.70, 1¼ hours, every two hours) and Hull (£6.60, 15 minutes, twice hourly). # Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England #### Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England Highlights #### Manchester #### Cheshire #### Chester #### Around Chester #### Liverpool #### Lancashire #### Blackpool #### Lancaster #### Ribble Valley #### Isle of Man #### Douglas #### Around Douglas #### Castletown & Around #### Peel & Around # Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England ### Why Go? If you're looking for clues as to what once made Britain great, you'll find plenty of them in the Northwest. Dominating the region is Manchester, a paradigm of reinvention that has transformed itself from 20th-century industrial hulk into a modern city with accompanying distractions – from football to fine food. Nearby Liverpool has plenty of its own diversions including a fine collection of galleries and museums, terrific shopping and a sporting pedigree every bit as impressive as that of its neighbour across the Pennines. Within easy reach of both is Chester, a historic postcard to its Tudor past and beyond, to when it was the Roman Castra Devana. And, for a bit of respite from humankind's concrete pawprint, some of Britain's most beautiful – and walkable – countryside can be found in northern Lancashire and on the Isle of Man. ### When to Go AThe world's most famous steeplechase – the Aintree Grand National – is run just outside Liverpool over the first weekend in April. AMay and June are Tourist Trophy (TT) Festival season on the Isle of Man – beloved of motor enthusiasts the world over. AIn the arts, the highlight is the Manchester International Festival, a biennial showstopper held in July. AMusic buffs should visit Liverpool in the last week of August for madness at Creamfields dance-fest and for the Mathew St Festival, an ode to all things Beatles. AThe football (soccer) season runs from late August until May. ### Best Places to Eat AAustralasia AMonro ALime Tree AUpstairs at the Grill ATanroagan ### Best Places to Stay AStone Villa AGreat John Street Hotel AHope Street Hotel AMalmaison ARichmond Hotel ## Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England Highlights 1 Learning a valuable history lesson at Liverpool's International Slavery Museum 2 Having your insides churned at Blackpool's Pleasure Beach 3 Learning exactly what kind of hell war is in the Imperial War Museum North in Manchester 4 Tramping Chester's City Walls like the Romans did 2000 years ago 5 Sampling Manchester's culinary delights at one (or more!) of its superb restaurants 6 Getting to grips with wild, exciting Isle of Man 7 Going for a rural constitutional in the Ribble Valley 2Activities Walking & Cycling In between the urban bits, the northwest is surprisingly good for walking and cycling options, notably in northern Lancashire's Ribble Valley, home to plenty of good walks including the 70-mile **Ribble Way**. The historic village of Whalley, in the heart of the Ribble Valley, is the meeting point of the two circular routes that make up the 260-mile **Lancashire Cycle Way**. The Isle of Man has top-notch walking and cycling opportunities. Regional tourism websites contain walking and cycling information, and tourist offices stock free leaflets as well as maps and guides (usually £1 to £5) that cover walking, cycling and other activities. Boating You can explore the historic Peak Forest Canal between Manchester and the Peak District on the Wandering Duck (www.wanderingduck.co.uk; 2-night trip per person incl meals from £145), a combined budget hostel and narrow-boat tour. 8Information Visit England's Northwest (www.visitnorthwest.com) is the centralised tourist authority; for the Isle of Man, check out the main Isle of Man Public Services (www.gov.im) site. 8Getting Around The towns and cities covered are all within easy reach of each other, and are well linked by public transport. The two main cities, Manchester and Liverpool, are only 34 miles apart and are linked by hourly bus and train services. Chester is 18 miles south of Liverpool, but is also easily accessible from Manchester by train or via the M56. Blackpool is 50 miles to the north of Manchester and Liverpool, and is also well connected. Transport for Greater ManchesterTRANSPORT AUTHORITY (www.tfgm.com) Extensive info on Manchester and its environs. MerseytravelTRANSPORT AUTHORITY (www.merseytravel.gov.uk) Taking care of all travel in the county of Merseyside, including Liverpool. National ExpressBUS (www.nationalexpress.com) Extensive coach services in the northwest; Manchester and Liverpool are major hubs. ## Manchester Pop 503,100 Raised on lofty ambition and not afraid to declare its considerable bona fides, Manchester is – by dint of geography and history – England's second city (apologies to Birmingham), although if you were to ask a Mancunian what it's like to be second they might reply, 'Don't know, ask a Londoner'. Even accounting for northern bluster, the uncrowned capital of the north is well deserving of the title. It has a rich history and culture, easily explored in its myriad museums and galleries. And while history and heritage make the city interesting, its distractions of pure pleasure make Manchester fun: you can dine, drink and dance yourself into happy oblivion in the swirl of hedonism that is one of Manchester's most cherished characteristics. ### MANCHESTER IN... ### TWO DAYS Explore the Museum of Science & Industry and visit the People's History Museum to get a sense of Manchester's huge historical influence. For food, try Oast House or go for afternoon tea in the Rosylee Tearooms before stopping by one of the bars in the Northern Quarter. On day two, take the Metrolink to Salford and explore the Imperial War Museum North, the Lowry and the Manchester United Museum at Old Trafford. Take a tour of the BBC spread at MediaCityUK. Back in the city, indulge some retail _chi_ at the high-end shops of Spinningfields or the offbeat boutiques of the Northern Quarter. Treat yourself with dinner at Australasia. ### FOUR DAYS Follow the two-day itinerary and tackle some of the city's lesser-known museums like the John Rylands Library and examine the riches of the Manchester Art Gallery. End the day with a gig at one of the city's excellent live music venues. The next day, take a walking tour – the tourist office has details of a whole host of themed ones – and if you're serious about clubbing, make the pilgrimage to Ancoats for the absolutely fabulous Sankey's. History Canals and steam-powered cotton mills were what transformed Manchester from a small disease-infested provincial town into a big disease-infested industrial city. It all happened in the 1760s, with the opening of the Bridgewater Canal between Manchester and the coal mines at Worsley in 1763, and with Richard Arkwright patenting his super cotton mill in 1769. Thereafter Manchester and the world would never be the same again. When the canal was extended to Liverpool and the open sea in 1776, Manchester – dubbed 'Cottonopolis' – kicked into high gear and took off on the coal-fuelled, steam-powered gravy train. There was plenty of gravy to go around, but the good burghers of 19th-century Manchester made sure that the vast majority of the city's swollen citizenry (with a population of 90,000 in 1801, and two million 100 years later) who produced most of it never got their hands on any of it. Their reward was life in a new kind of urban settlement: the industrial slum. Working conditions were dire, with impossibly long hours, child labour, work-related accidents and fatalities commonplace. Mark Twain commented that he would like to live here because the 'transition between Manchester and Death would be unnoticeable'. So much for Victorian values. The wheels started to come off towards the end of the 19th century. The USA had begun to flex its own industrial muscles and was taking over a sizeable chunk of the textile trade; production in Manchester's mills began to slow, and then it stopped altogether. By WWII there was hardly enough cotton produced in the city to make a tablecloth. The postwar years weren't much better: 150,000 manufacturing jobs were lost between 1961 and 1983, and the port – still the UK's third largest in 1963 – finally closed in 1982 due to declining traffic. The nadir came on 15 June 1996, when an IRA bomb wrecked a chunk of the city centre, but the subsequent reconstruction proved to be the beginning of the glass-and-chrome revolution so much in evidence today. Manchester 1Top Sights 1Manchester Art GalleryE4 2Museum of Science & IndustryA5 3People's History MuseumB3 1Sights 4Central LibraryD5 5John Rylands LibraryC4 6Midland BankE3 7National Football MuseumE1 4Sleeping 8ABodeG4 9Great John Street HotelA5 10HattersH3 11LowryB2 12MalmaisonG4 13Radisson Blu EdwardianC5 14RoomzzzE5 15Velvet HotelG5 5Eating AustralasiaC4 16FrenchD5 17James Martin ManchesterC5 Jamie's ItalianE3 18Oast HouseB4 19Rosylee TearoomsG3 20Sam's Chop HouseD3 Smoak GrillG4 6Drinking & Nightlife 21Black Dog BallroomG3 22BluuF2 23Britons ProtectionC6 24Club Alter EgoF6 25Fac251F7 26Lammar'sH3 27Lass O'GowrieF7 28Liar's ClubC3 29Mr Thomas' Chop HouseD3 30OddF2 31Peveril of the PeakD6 3Entertainment 32AMC CinemasC6 33Band on the WallG1 34Bridgewater HallD6 35CornerhouseE7 36New Union Hotel & ShowbarF6 37Odeon CinemaE1 38Royal ExchangeD2 39Ruby LoungeF2 7Shopping Brooks BrothersC4 DKNYC4 Emporio ArmaniC4 40Oi PolloiG2 41Oxfam OriginalsG2 42SpinningfieldsC4 43Tib Street MarketF3 1Sights & Activities #### City Centre oMuseum of Science & IndustryMUSEUM (MOSI; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-832 2244; www.msim.org.uk; Liverpool Rd; charges vary for special exhibitions; h10am-5pm) F If there's anything you want to know about the Industrial (and post-Industrial) Revolution and Manchester's key role in it, you'll find the answers here among this collection of steam engines and locomotives, factory machinery from the mills, and the excellent exhibition telling the story of Manchester from the sewers up. It's an all-ages kind of museum, but the emphasis is on making sure the young 'uns don't get bored – they could easily spend a whole day poking about this 'urban heritage park', testing an early electric-shock machine here and trying out a printing press there. A unifying theme is that Manchester and Mancunians had a key role to play: this is the place to discover that Manchester was home to the world's first stored-program computer (a giant contraption nicknamed 'baby') in 1948 and that the world's first submarine was built to the designs of local curate Reverend George Garrett in 1880. oPeople's History MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-838 9190; www.phm.org.uk; Left Bank, Bridge St; h10am-5pm) F The story of Britain's 200-year march to democracy is told in all its pain and pathos at this superb museum, housed in a refurbished Edwardian pumping station. You clock in on the 1st floor (literally: punch your card in an old mill clock, which managers would infamously fiddle with so as to make employees work longer) and plunge into the heart of Britain's struggle for basic democratic rights, labour reform and fair pay. Amid displays like the (tiny) desk at which Thomas Paine (1737–1809) wrote _Rights of Man_ (1791), and an array of beautifully made and colourful union banners, are compelling interactive displays, including a screen where you can trace the effects of all the events covered in the museum on five generations of the same family. The 2nd floor takes up the struggle for equal rights from WWII to the current day, touching on gay rights, antiracism initiatives and the defining British sociopolitical landmarks of the last 50 years, including the founding of the National Health Service (NHS), the Miners' Strike and the widespread protests against the Poll Tax. oManchester Art GalleryART MUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-235 8888; www.manchestergalleries.org; Mosley St; h10am-5pm Mon-Wed & Fri-Sun, to 9pm Thu) F A superb collection of British art and a hefty number of European masters are on display at the city's top gallery. The older wing has an impressive selection that includes 37 Turner watercolours, as well as the country's best assemblage of Pre-Raphaelite art. The newer gallery is home to 20th-century British art starring Lucien Freud, Francis Bacon, Stanley Spencer, Henry Moore and David Hockney. The Gallery of Craft & Design, in the Athenaeum, houses a permanent collection of pre-17th-century art, with works predominantly from the Dutch and early Renaissance masters. National Football MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-605 8200; www.nationalfootballmuseum.com; Corporation St, Urbis, Cathedral Gardens; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) F Britain is the birthplace of football and Manchester the home of both the most popular and richest clubs in the world. Fittingly, this blockbuster museum charts the evolution of British football from its earliest days to the multi-billion pound phenomenon it is today. One of the highlights is **Football Plus** , a series of interactive stations that allow you to test your skills in simulated conditions; buy a credit (£2.50, four for £9) and try your luck – it's recommended for kids over seven. John Rylands LibraryLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-306 0555; www.library.manchester.ac.uk; 150 Deansgate; hnoon-5pm Mon & Sun, 10am-5pm Tue-Sat) Less a library and more a cathedral to books, Basil Champneys' stunning building is a breathtaking example of Victorian Gothic, no more so than the Reading Room, complete with high-vaulted ceilings and stained-glass windows. The collection of early printed books and rare manuscripts is equally impressive, and includes a Gutenberg Bible, the earliest extant New Testament text and the country's second-largest assembly of works by Britain's first printer, William Caxton. ### MORE NOTABLE BUILDINGS Demonstrating a vibrant medley of architectural styles, Manchester has no shortage of eye-catching buildings dating from the 19th century (when the city was flush with industrial wealth). Keep an eye out for these showstoppers on your travels. Town HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-234 5000; www.manchester.gov.uk; Albert Sq) The Victorian town hall is Manchester's most impressive building. It is crowned by an 85m-high tower and features an especially ornate interior. Central LibraryLIBRARY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-234 1900; www.manchester.gov.uk; St Peter's Sq) Built in 1934 to resemble the Roman Pantheon, this is Britain's largest municipal library. It reopened in late 2014 after a two-year restoration. Midland BankHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 100 King St) The year 1935 saw the opening of Edwin Lutyens' stunning art-deco Midland Bank, now home to a branch of Jamie's Italian – even if you don't eat there it's well worth having a look inside; be sure to go downstairs and peek in at the deposit vaults. #### Salford Quays Just west of the city centre lies Salford Quays, home to some of Manchester's big-ticket attractions and the new hub of the BBC's northern HQ. It is easily reached via Metrolink (£2). Check out www.thequays.co.uk for more info. Imperial War Museum NorthMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-836 4000; www.iwm.org.uk/north; Trafford Wharf Rd; h10am-5pm; jHarbour City, MediaCityUK) F War museums generally appeal to those with a fascination for military hardware and battle strategy (toy soldiers optional), but Daniel Libeskind's visually stunning Imperial War Museum North takes a radically different approach. War is hell, it tells us, but it's a hell we revisit with tragic regularity. The exhibits cover the main conflicts of the 20th century through a broad selection of displays, including regular screenings of the Big Picture Show, which include three permanent 15-minute films ( _Children and War, The War at Home_ or _Weapons of War_ ) and other topical ones, including (in 2014) _Al-Mutanabbi Street: A Reaction_ , about a 2007 street bombing in Baghdad. Although the audiovisuals and displays are quite compelling, the extraordinary aluminium-clad building itself is a huge part of the attraction, and the exhibition spaces are genuinely breathtaking. Old Trafford (Manchester United Museum & Tour)STADIUM ( GOOGLE MAP \)) ; %0161-868 8000; www.manutd.com; Sir Matt Busby Way; tours adult/child £18/12; hmuseum 9.30am-5pm, tours every 10min except match days 9.40am-4.30pm; jOld Trafford) You don't have to be a fan of the world's most famous football club to enjoy a visit to their impressive 75,000-plus capacity stadium, but it helps. The museum tour includes a walk down the tunnel onto the edge of the playing surface of the 'Theatre of Dreams', where Manchester United's superstar footballers exercised their Premier League supremacy for 20 years, guided by the peerless Sir Alex Ferguson. Fergie retired in 2013 and the team's fortunes dipped accordingly; the success of their cross-town rivals Manchester City (league winners in 2012 and 2014) puts added pressure on United to reclaim the top spot, and the appointment of Dutchman Louis Van Gaal as manager in 2014 (replacing the hapless David Moyes, Fergie's successor) is a measure of their intent. Other highlights of the excellent tour include a seat in the stands, a stop in the changing rooms and a peek at the players' lounge (from which the manager is banned unless invited by the players) – all ecstatic experiences for a Man United devotee. The museum has a comprehensive history of the club and a state-of-the-art call-up system that means you can view your favourite goals. LowryARTS CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-876 2020; www.thelowry.com; Pier 8, Salford Quays; h11am-6pm Sun-Fri, 10am-8pm Sat; jHarbour City, MediaCity UK) Looking more like a shiny steel ship than an arts centre, the Lowry is the quays' most notable success. With multiple performance spaces, bars, restaurants and shops, it attracts more than a million visitors a year to its myriad functions, which include everthing from big-name theatrical productions to comedy, kids' theatre and even weddings. The centre is also home to 300 beautifully humanistic depictions of urban landscapes by LS Lowry (1887–1976), who was born in nearby Stretford, and after whom the complex is named. MediaCityUKMEDIA CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-886 5300; www.mediacityuk.co.uk; Salford Quays; adult/child £10/6.50; htours 10.30am, 12.30pm & 3pm Mon-Wed, Sat & Sun; jMediaCity UK) The BBC's northern home is but one significant element of this vast, 81-hectare site. Besides hosting six departments of the national broadcaster (BBC Breakfast, Children's, Sport, Radio 5 Live, Learning, and Future Media & Technology), it is also home to the set of the world's longest-running soap opera, the perennially popular _Coronation Street_ (which broadcasts on ITV). There are no plans as yet to offer tours of the Corrie set, but you can visit the BBC's impressive set-up and see the sets of some of TV's most iconic programs on a guided 90-minute tour that also includes a chance for kids to 'make' a program in an interactive studio; see www.bbc.co.uk/showsandtours. For refuelling, there are plenty of cafes and restaurants in the area. TTours The tourist office sells tickets for guided walks on all aspects of the city, from architecture to radical history, which operate almost daily year-round and cost £7/6 per adult/child. zFestivals & Events ScreenfieldsFILM (www.spinningfieldsonline.com; Spinningfields; admission £3; h8pm Thu May-Jul) Summer season of outdoor films, complete with deckchairs and picnics beginning in May. Manchester DayARTS, PARADE (www.themanchesterdayparade.co.uk) A day to celebrate all things Manchester: art, music and performances, including a parade through the city centre. Manchester International FestivalARTS ( %0161-238 7300; www.mif.co.uk) A three-week-long biennial arts festival of new work across visual arts, performance and popular culture. The next festival is scheduled for July 2015. Manchester PrideGAY & LESBIAN ( %0161-831 7700; www.manchesterpride.com) One of England's biggest celebrations of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender life, held over 10 days in late August. Manchester Food & Drink FestivalFOOD (www.foodanddrinkfestival.com) Manchester's superb foodie scene shows off its wares over 10 days in mid-October. Farmers markets, pop-up restaurants and gourmet events are just part of the UK's biggest urban food fest. 4Sleeping Manchester's hotels cater primarily for business travellers and sports fans but, keeping up the capital-of-chic reputation, there are a handful of designer digs and cool hotels around town. Beds can be tough to get during home matches during the football season (August to May). The tourist office has a free accommodation service. Manchester YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9647; www.yha.org.uk; Potato Wharf; dm/d from £11/58; p i W) This purpose-built canalside hostel in the Castlefield area is one of the best in the country. It's a top-class option with four- and six-bed dorms, all with bathroom, as well as three doubles and a host of good facilities. Potato Wharf is just left off Liverpool Rd. HattersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 9500; www.hattersgroup.com; 50 Newton St; dm/s/d/tr from £16/30/55/70; p i W) The old-style lift and porcelain sinks are the only leftovers of this former milliner's factory, now one of the best hostels in town, with location to boot – smack in the heart of the Northern Quarter, you won't have to go far to get the best of alternative Manchester. ABodeHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-247 7744; www.abodehotels.co.uk; 107 Piccadilly St; r from £100; i W) The original fittings at this converted textile factory have been combined successfully with 61 bedrooms divided into four categories of ever-increasing luxury: Comfortable, Desirable, Enviable and Fabulous, the latter being five seriously swanky top-floor suites. Vispring beds, monsoon showers, LCD-screen TVs and stacks of Aquae Sulis toiletries are standard throughout. In the basement, star chef Michael Caines has a champagne-and-cocktail bar adjacent to his very own restaurant. RoomzzzSERVICED ACCOMMODATION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 2121; www.roomzzz.co.uk; 36 Princess St; r £65-180; i W) The inelegant name belies the designer digs inside this beautifully restored Grade II building, which features serviced apartments equipped with a kitchen and the latest connectivity gadgetry, including sleek iMac computers and free wi-fi throughout. There's a small pantry with food for sale downstairs. Highly recommended if you're planning a longer stay. Radisson Blu EdwardianHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-835 9929; www.radissonblu-edwardian.com/manchester; Peter St; r from £100; p i W) Gladstone, Dickens and Fitzgerald...just some of the names associated with the historic Free Trade Hall, now an elegant business hotel with high-end trimmings and decor. It has done its best to preserve the memories of the building's most famous visitors: suites are named after Bob Dylan and Shirley Bassey, while meeting rooms carry the names of Disraeli, Thackeray and Pankhurst. oGreat John Street HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-831 3211; www.greatjohnstreet.co.uk; Great John St; r £160-320; i W) Elegant designer luxury? Present. Fabulous rooms with all the usual delights (Egyptian cotton sheets, fabulous toiletries, free-standing baths and lots of high-tech electronics)? Present. This former schoolhouse (ah, now you get it) is small but sumptuous – beyond the art-deco lobby are the fabulous bedrooms, each an example of style and luxury. If only school left such comfortable memories. MalmaisonHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-278 1000; www.malmaison.com; Piccadilly St; r from £119; jPiccadilly) Drop-dead trendy and full of crushed-red velvet, deep purples, art-deco ironwork and signature black-and-white tiles, Malmaison Manchester follows the chain's quirky design style and passion for cool, although rarely at the expense of comfort: the rooms are terrific. The Smoak Grill ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-278 1000; www.smoak-grill.com; mains £13-25) downstairs is hugely popular. Velvet HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 9003; www.velvetmanchester.com; 2 Canal St; r from £119; W) Nineteen beautiful bespoke rooms each oozing style: there's the sleigh bed in room 24, the double bath of room 34, the saucy framed photographs of a stripped-down David Beckham (this is Gay Village, after all!). Despite the tantalising decor and location, this is not an exclusive hotel and is as popular with straight visitors as it is with the same-sex crowd. LowryHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-827 4000; www.roccofortecollection.com; 50 Dearman's Pl; r £120-950; p i W) Visiting rock stars and luxury hunters tend to favour this modern, five-star hotel (not to be confused with the arts centre in Salford Quays), where the fabulous bedrooms have enormous beds and ergonomically designed furniture...for maximum comfort, of course. There's an excellent restaurant on the premises, and a health spa where you can soothe yourself with a skin-brightening treatment or an aromatherapy head-massage. #### WORTH A TRIP ### FINE DINING IN DIDSBURY oLime TreeMODERN BRITISH ( %0161-445 1217; www.thelimetreerestaurant.co.uk; 8 Lapwing Lane; mains £16-26; hnoon-2.30pm Tue-Fri, 5.30-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-8pm Sun; jWest Didsbury) The ambience is refined without being stuffy, the service is relaxed but spot on, and the food is divine – Mancunians book in advance and travel from far afield just to enjoy the superb menu. The 21-day dry-aged fillet steak in peppercorn sauce (£21) is to die for. 5Eating With a choice of restaurants unrivalled outside of London, there's something for every palate and budget. You can eat well throughout the city. Spinningfields, just off Deansgate, has a handful of trendy contemporary restaurants; the Northern Quarter is the spot to go for organic eats; while the outlying suburb of Didsbury (5 miles south of the city centre, and easily reached by Metrolink) is where in-the-know Mancunians like to dine. Rosylee TearoomsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rosyleetearooms.com; 11 Stevenson Sq; lunch £6.95, two-/three-course menu £15.95/17.95; hnoon-10pm Tue-Thu, 10am-10pm Fri-Sun) One of the nicest of the Northern Quarter's cafes opened in 2014, combining Edwardian and Georgian decor with a touch of Parisian bistro. The room is bright, the cakes are fabulous and the afternoon tea (£18.95), with its selection of freshly made sandwiches, is one of the nicer experiences to be had in Manchester. oAustralasiaMODERN AUSTRALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-831 0288; www.australasia.uk.com; 1 The Avenue, Spinningfields; mains £13-26; hnoon-midnight; v) One of Manchester's most successful building conversions has been that of the basement archive of the _Manchester Evening News_ into this suprisingly bright and beautiful restaurant, which serves contemporary Australian cuisine with flavours of Southeast Asia – the lunchtime selection of fresh sushi is particularly good, as are the specials. A late licence sees it turn into a very cool bar. Sam's Chop HouseBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-834 3210; www.samschophouse.co.uk; Back Pool Fold, Chapel Walks, off Cross St; mains £12.50-20; hnoon-3pm & 5-9.30pm Mon-Fri, 12.30-10pm Sat, noon-8pm Sun) Arguably the city's top gastropub, Sam's is a Victorian classic that serves dishes straight out of a Dickens novel. The highlight is the crispy corned beef hash cake starter, which is salt-cured for 10 days on the premises. The gravy-loving Mrs Todgers from _Martin Chuzzlewit_ would certainly approve. James Martin ManchesterMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-828 0345; www.jamesmartinmanchester.co.uk; Manchester235, Great Northern, Watson St; mains £16-18; h5-11pm) Inside the opulent Manchester235 casino, itself a converted linen warehouse, this elegant restaurant is all wooden floors, exposed brick walls and wonderfully comfortable seating. The perfect ambience to enjoy celebrity chef James Martin's terrific menu, a tasty exploration of modern British dishes like slow roast belly of Redhill pork or West Coast plaice, served with herb dumplings. Oast HouseINTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-829 3830; www.theoasthouse.uk.com; Crown Sq, Spinningfields; mains £9-15; hnoon-midnight) An oast house is a 16th-century kiln used to dry out hops as part of the beer-making process. In Manchester, the Oast House is Tim Bacon's exciting BBQ restaurant, a slice of medieval charm in the heart of (slightly) po-faced Spinningfields' contemporary designer chic. The kitchen is an outdoor covered grill, so staff have to shuttle the barbecued delights (nothing fancy: burgers, kebabs, steaks and rotisserie chickens) to diners inside, but it works brilliantly. The deli boards (lots of cheeses and cured meats) are equally delicious. Jamie's ItalianITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-241 3901; www.jamieoliver.com; 100 King St; mains £11-18; hnoon-11.30pm) The magnificent banking hall of Edwin Lutyens' castle-like art-deco Midland Bank (1935) is now home to a branch of Jamie Oliver's fast-expanding gourmet empire. And while the food is perfectly adequate – it's an appealing blend of British staples given the Italian treatment – the real treat is the building itself. In the basement, the old deposit vaults have been converted into private dining rooms. FrenchMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 3333; www.the-french.co.uk; Midland Hotel, Peter St; 6-/10-course menu £59/84; hnoon-1.30pm Wed-Sat & 6.30-9.30pm Tue-Sat) S The revamped restaurant of the Midland Hotel (where Rolls met Royce to make motoring history) is now home to Simon Rogan's exquisite Modern British cuisine, which uses exclusively local produce grown on his farm in Cartmel, Cumbria, home to his Michelin-starred L'Enclume restaurant. The 10-course tasting menu is a feast you won't soon forget. ### GAY & LESBIAN MANCHESTER The city's gay scene is unrivalled outside London and caters to every taste. Its healthy heart beats loudest in the Gay Village, centred on handsome Canal St. Here you'll find bars, clubs, restaurants and – crucially – karaoke joints that cater almost exclusively to the pink pound. Manchester Pride is a 10-day festival that runs from the middle of August each year and attracts more than 500,000 people. There are bars to suit every taste, but you won't go far wrong in Lammar's ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lammarsbar.com; 57 Hilton St; hnoon-late Wed-Sat, to 6pm Sun), which was voted best bar in the city two years running in the Pride of Manchester awards. For your clubbing needs, look no further than Club Alter Ego ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 105-107 Princess St; h11pm-5am Thu-Sat). And then there's karaoke, the ultimate choice for midweek fun. The best of the lot is at the New Union Hotel & Showbar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-228 1492; 111 Princess St; r from £40; hnoon-10pm Mon, to 2am Tue-Thu & Sun, to 3.30am Fri, to 4am Sat), where you can find your inner Madonna and Cyndi Lauper every Tuesday and Thursday – for a top prize of £50. For more information, check with the Lesbian & Gay Foundation ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-235 8035; www.lgf.org.uk; 105-107 Princess St; h4-10pm). Up-to-date information is also available at www.visitmanchester.com under LGBT. 6Drinking & Nightlife There are all kinds of bars in town – from old-fashioned watering holes where nostalgia is on tap to trendy cocktail lounges where the beautiful people take selfies and update their social media profiles. Like most other British cities, club nights generally take place in bars with late licences and dance floors. Check the _Manchester Evening News_ for details of what's on. BluuBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-839 7740; www.bluu.co.uk; Smithfield Market Bldgs, Thomas St; h10am-midnight; W) Our favourite of the Northern Quarter's collection of great bars. Bluu is cool, comfortable and comes with a great terrace on which to enjoy a pint and listen to music selected by folks with really good taste. Black Dog BallroomBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.blackdogballroom.co.uk; 52 Church St; h10am-midnight; W) A basement bar with a speakeasy vibe, but there's nothing illicit about drinking here: the cocktails are terrific, the atmosphere is always buzzing and the music always good and loud. Britons ProtectionPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 5895; www.britons-protection.com; 50 Great Bridgewater St; hnoon-11pm) Whisky – over 300 different kinds of it – is the beverage of choice at this liver-threatening, proper English pub that also does home-style meals. An old-fashioned boozer with open fires in the back rooms and a cosy atmosphere...perfect on a cold evening. Lass O'GowriePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-273 6932; 36 Charles St; hnoon-11pm) A Victorian classic off Princess St that brews its own beer in the basement. It's a favourite with students, old-timers and anyone looking for an authentic pub experience. It also does good-value bar meals. Liar's ClubBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theliarsclub.co.uk; 19a Back Bridge St; h5pm-4am; W) A basement bar designed in the style of a speakeasy/tiki lounge, the Liar's Club serves strong cocktails to an assorted clientele of revelers, students and off-duty barstaff. A great atmosphere any night of the week. OddBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-833 0070; www.oddbar.co.uk; 30-32 Thomas St; h11am-midnight Sun-Wed, to 1am Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) This eclectic little bar – with its oddball furnishings, wacky tunes and anti-establishment crew of customers – is the perfect antidote to the increasingly similar look of so many modern bars. A slice of Mancuniana to be treasured. Mr Thomas' Chop HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tomschophouse.com; 52 Cross St; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, noon-10.30pm Sun) An old-style boozer that is very popular for a pint as well as a meal (mains £13). Peveril of the PeakPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-236 6364; 127 Great Bridgewater St; h11am-11pm) An unpretentious pub with wonderful Victorian glazed tilework outside. Sankey'sCLUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-950 4201; www.sankeys.info; Radium St, Ancoats; admission free-£12; h10pm-3am Thu & Fri, to 4am Sat) If you're a fan of techno, electro or any kind of non-mainstream house music, then a pilgrimage to Manchester's best nightclub should on no account be missed. Its commitment to top-class music is unwavering, with world-renowned DJs mixing it up with residents. Sankey's has earned itself legendary status for being at the vanguard of dance music (The Chemical Brothers, Daft Punk and others got their start here); these days, you'll hear the likes of Timo Maas, Séb Léger and Thomas Schumacher mix it up to an ever-adoring crowd. Choon! The best way to get here is to board the free Disco Bus that picks up at locations throughout the city from Thursday to Saturday night; see the website for details. Fac251CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-272 7251; www.factorymanchester.com; 112-118 Princess St; admission £1-6; h11pm-3am Mon-Sat) Located in Tony Wilson's former Factory Records HQ, Fac251 is one of the most popular venues in town. There are three rooms, all with a broad musical appeal, from drum and bass to Motown and indie rock. Something for everybody. 3Entertainment Cinemas CornerhouseCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cornerhouse.org; 70 Oxford St; h11am-8.30pm Mon-Thu, to 11pm Fri-Sun) Your only destination for good art-house releases; also has a gallery, bookshop and cafe. Odeon CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.odeon.co.uk; The Printworks, Exchange Sq; hnoon-11pm) A 20-screen complex in the middle of the Printworks centre. AMC CinemasCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.amccinemas.co.uk; The Great Northern, 235 Deansgate; hnoon-11pm) A 16-screen multiplex in a retail centre that was formerly a goods warehouse for the Northern Railway Company. Theatre Royal ExchangeTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-833 9833; www.royalexchange.co.uk; St Anne's Sq) Interesting contemporary plays are standard at this magnificent, modern theatre-in-the-round. ### THE MADCHESTER SOUND It's often claimed that Manchester was the engine room of British pop and that its chief engineer was TV presenter and music impresario Tony Wilson (1950–2007), founder of Factory Records, owner of the Hacienda and the man responsible for Joy Division and New Order. In 1983, Wilson released New Order's ground-breaking 'Blue Monday', whose successful fusion of punk and a pulsating dance beat laid the foundations for the trippy, soul-infused dance music that became known as the Manchester Sound. The Hacienda was open from 1982 to 1997, and even though it struggled financially for much of its existence (the club was supported by New Order's record sales) it was the HQ of acid house and then rave, as the club embraced the house music coming out of Chicago and Detroit. By the late 1980s, ecstasy hit the scene and it seemed every kid in town was 'mad for it'. Meanwhile, the city's homegrown guitar bands all took notice and began shaping their sound to suit the clubbers' needs. Happy Mondays and the Stone Roses were particularly good at it, as were the Charlatans and other local producers like A Guy Called Gerald ('Voodoo Ray') and 808 State ('Pacific'). Taking no part in the revolution, but admired by everybody in it, were The Smiths, who brought a sardonic and literate tone to the grey-grim state of play that was 1980s Britain before disappearing just as the party known as Madchester was taking off. Overdanced and overdrugged, the city awoke with a terrible hangover in 1992. Within a year or so the party was over and the fertile crossover scene, which had seen clubbers go mad at rock gigs, and rock bands play the kind of dance sounds that kept the floor thumping until the early hours, virtually disappeared and the two genres withdrew into a more familiar isolation. Taking its place was a new generation of bands, led by Oasis, the self-styled biggest band in the world, and then followed on by a host of other names like The Verve, The Chemical Brothers, Badly Drawn Boy and Elbow. If you missed the party, you can get a terrific sense of what it was like by watching Michael Winterbottom's _24-Hour Party People_ (2002), which captures the hedonism, extravagance and genius of Madchester's cast of characters, and the superb _Control_ (2007) by Anton Corbijn, which tells the story of Ian Curtis, Joy Division's tragic lead singer. Live Music Band on the WallLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-834 1786; www.bandonthewall.org; 25 Swan St) A top-notch venue that hosts everything from rock to world music, with splashes of jazz, blues and folk thrown in. Deaf InstituteLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thedeafinstitute.co.uk; 135 Grosvenor St; h10am-midnight) Excellent midsized venue in a former institute for the deaf; also includes a smaller venue in the basement and a cafe on the ground floor. MEN ArenaCONCERT VENUE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.men-arena.com; Great Ducie St) A giant arena north of the centre that hosts rock concerts (as well as being the home of the city's ice-hockey and basketball teams). It's about 300m north of Victoria Station. Ruby LoungeLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-834 1392; www.therubylounge.com; 28-34 High St; hnoon-midnight) Terrific live-music venue in the Northern Quarter that features mostly rock bands. It gets very loud. Classical Music Bridgewater HallCONCERT VENUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-907 9000; www.bridgewater-hall.co.uk; Lower Mosley St) The world-renowned Hallé Orchestra has its home at this enormous and impressive concert hall, which hosts up to 250 concerts and events a year. It has a widespread program that includes opera, folk music, children's shows, comedy and contemporary music. LowryCONCERT VENUE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-876 2020; www.thelowry.com; Pier 8, Salford Quays) Two separate venues in one: the Lyric Theatre, with the country's largest stage outside the West End, hosts all kinds of performances including Opera North. The smaller Quays hosts more intimate gigs. Sport For most people, Manchester plus sport equals football, and football means Manchester United. But the last few years has seen the arrival on the main stage of their cross-town rivals Manchester City, whose ambition is to match United's global footprint. Manchester CityFOOTBALL Perennial underdogs turned 2014 league champions, Manchester City is now one the world's wealthiest clubs, and fans from all over the world come for the Etihad Stadium Tour ( %0161-444 1894; www.mcfc.co.uk; tours adult/child £14/10; htours 11am, 1.30pm & 3.30pm Mon-Sat, 11.45am, 1.45pm & 3.30pm Sun except match days), a circuit of the ground, dressing rooms and museum before the inevitable steer into the kit shop. Tours must be booked in advance. The club owes its new-found success to Sheikh Mansour of Abu Dhabi, who bought the club in 2008 and transformed them into big-time contenders. A lineup of mediocre talent was replaced at great expense with some of the brightest stars of the game, and success followed soon after: two league championships and an FA Cup win in three years. Take bus 53, 54, 185, 186, 216, 217, 230–37, X36 or X37 from Piccadilly Gardens. Lancashire County Cricket ClubCRICKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-282 4000; www.lccc.co.uk; Warwick Rd; matches £11-17; jOld Trafford) The genteel game of cricket is a big deal here and the biggest game of Lancashire's season is the Roses match against Yorkshire. They play their matches at Old Trafford (same name, different but adjacent ground to the football stadium) where international test matches are also played occasionally. Lancashire – founded in 1816 as the Aurora before changing their name in 1864 – are one of the most beloved of England's county teams, despite the fact that they haven't won the county championship since 1934. Still, a match at the ground remains a great day out. 7Shopping From the boho indie boutiques of the Northern Quarter to the swanky stores of Spinningfields ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spinningfieldsonline.com; Spinningfields), including Emporio Armani ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-220 2980; Unit G1 & 2, The Avenue, Spinningfields; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun), Brooks Brothers ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-834 6649; Unit G19, The Avenue, Spinningfields; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun) and DKNY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-833 3277; Unit G18, The Avenue, Spinningfields; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun), Manchester's retail credentials are assured. New Cathedral St, part of the Millennium Quarter, and King St also have fancy shops, while the Arndale Centre is the city's equivalent of the English high street. Oi PolloiCLOTHING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oipolloi.com; 63 Thomas St) Besides the impressive range of casual footwear, this hip boutique also stocks a range of designers including APC, Lyle & Scott, Nudie Jeans and Fjällräven. Tib Street MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-234 7357; Tib St; h10am-5pm Sat) Up-and-coming local designers get a chance to display their wares at this weekly market where you can pick up everything from purses to lingerie and hats to jewellery. Oxfam OriginalsVINTAGE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Unit 8, Smithfield Bldg, Oldham St; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun) If you're into retro, this terrific store has high-quality gear from the 1960s and '70s. Shop in the knowledge that it's for a good cause. 8Information Emergency AmbulanceMEDICAL ( %0161-436 3999) Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-872 5050; Bootle St) Medical Services Cameolord ChemistMEDICAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St Peter's Sq; h10am-10pm) A pharmacy conveniently located in the city centre. Manchester Royal InfirmaryMEDICAL/HOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Oxford Rd; h24hr) The most centrally located of the city's hospitals. Post Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Brazennose St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri) Tourist Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.visitmanchester.com; Piccadilly Plaza, Portland St; guided tours daily £7/6 per adult/child; h10am-5.15pm Mon-Sat, to 4.30pm Sun) This is mostly a self-service tourist office, with brochures and interactive maps to help guide visitors. Websites Manchester City CouncilTOURIST INFORMATION (www.manchester.gov.uk) The council's official website, which includes a visitors section. Manchester Evening NewsTOURIST INFORMATION (www.menmedia.co.uk) The city's evening paper in electronic form. Real ManchesterTOURIST INFORMATION (www.realmanchester.com) Online guide to nightlife. Restaurants of ManchesterTOURIST INFORMATION (www.restaurantsofmanchester.com) Thorough, reliable and up-to-date reviews of restaurants in the city and suburbs. Visit ManchesterTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitmanchester.com) The official website for Greater Manchester. 8Getting There & Away Air Manchester Airport ( %0161-489 3000; www.manchesterairport.co.uk) is the largest airport outside London and is served by 13 locations throughout Britain as well as more than 50 international destinations. Bus National Express ( %08717 81 81 81; www.nationalexpress.com) serves most major cities almost hourly between the coach station (Chorlton St) in the city centre. Destinations include Leeds (£9.70, one hour, hourly), Liverpool (£7.10, 1¼ hours, hourly) and London (£26.20, 3¾ hours, hourly). Train Manchester Piccadilly (east of the Gay Village) is the main station for trains to and from the rest of the country, although Victoria station (north of the National Football Museum) serves Halifax and Bradford. The two stations are linked by Metrolink. Off-peak fares are considerably cheaper. Destinations include Blackpool (£16.30, 1¼ hours, half-hourly), Liverpool Lime St (£11.90, 45 minutes, half-hourly), London Euston (£78.70, three hours, seven daily) and Newcastle (£62.70, three hours, six daily). 8Getting Around To/From the Airport The airport is 12 miles south of the city. A train to or from Victoria station costs peak/off-peak £4.10/3.50, and a coach is £3.50. A taxi is nearly four times as much in light traffic. Public Transport The excellent public transport system can be used with a variety of Day Saver tickets. For enquiries about local transport, including night buses, contact Travelshop ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0161-228 7811; www.tfgm.com; 9 Portland St, Piccadilly Gardens; h8am-8pm). Bus Centreline bus 4 provides a free service around the heart of Manchester every 10 minutes. Pick up a route map from the tourist office. Most local buses start from Piccadilly Gardens. Metrolink The Metrolink (www.metrolink.co.uk) is the best way to get between Victoria and Piccadilly train stations (and the G-Mex for Castlefield), as well as further afield to Salford Quays and other suburbs. Buy your tickets from the platform machine. Train Castlefield is served by Deansgate station with rail links to Piccadilly, Oxford Rd and Salford stations. ## Cheshire Cheshire is genteel, southern hinterland to both Liverpool and Manchester, the postal code of choice for many of its better-off citizens (including the cities' football millionaires) who opt for the amenity-laden bucolic charm of the county's contemporary version of ye olde Englande – complete with fields of Friesian cows, half-timbered Tudor houses and high-speed internet and transport links. For everybody else, Cheshire is really about Chester. ### Chester Pop 90,525 Chester is one of English history's greatest gifts to the contemporary visitor. Its red-sandstone wall, which today gift-wraps a tidy collection of Tudor and Victorian buildings, was built during Roman times. The town was then called Castra Devana, and was the largest Roman fortress in Britain. Beyond the cruciform-shaped historic centre, Chester is an ordinary, residential town; it's hard to believe today, but throughout the Middle Ages Chester made its money as the most important port in the northwest. However, the River Dee silted up over time and Chester fell behind Liverpool in importance. Chester 1Top Sights 1City WallsC4 2RowsB3 1Sights 3Chester CathedralB2 4Dewa Roman ExperienceB3 5Grosvenor MuseumB4 6Roman AmphitheatreC3 7St John the Baptist ChurchD3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 8Chester BoatC4 4Sleeping 9Chester Grosvenor Hotel & SpaC2 10Grove VillaD3 5Eating 11Bar LoungeA3 12Joseph BenjaminB1 13Upstairs at the GrillA3 6Drinking & Nightlife 14AlbionC3 15Bear & BilletC4 16FalconB3 3Entertainment 17RoodeeA5 1Sights & Activities oCity WallsLANDMARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) A good way to get a sense of Chester's unique character is to walk the 2-mile circuit along the walls that surround the historic centre. Originally built by the Romans around AD 70, the walls were altered substantially over the following centuries but have retained their current position since around 1200. The tourist office's _Walk Around Chester Walls_ leaflet is an excellent guide. Of the many features along the walls, the most eye-catching is the prominent **Eastgate** , where you can see the most famous clock in England after London's Big Ben, built for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897. At the southeastern corner of the walls are the **wishing steps** , added in 1785. Local legend claims that if you can run up and down these uneven steps while holding your breath your wish will come true. Just inside Southgate, known here as **Bridgegate** (as it's located at the northern end of the Old Dee Bridge), is the Bear & Billet ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bearandbillet.com; Southgate; hnoon-11pm) pub, Chester's oldest timber-framed building, built in 1664, and once a toll gate into the city. oRowsARCHITECTURE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Besides the city walls, Chester's other great draw is the Rows, a series of two-level galleried arcades along the four streets that fan out in each direction from the **Central Cross**. The architecture is a handsome mix of Victorian and Tudor (original and mock) buildings that house a fantastic collection of individually owned shops. The origin of the Rows is a little unclear, but it is believed that as the Roman walls slowly crumbled, medieval traders built their shops against the resulting rubble banks, while later arrivals built theirs on top. Chester CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-324756; www.chestercathedral.com; 12 Abbey Sq; admission £3; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1-4pm Sun) Originally a Benedictine abbey built on the remains of an earlier Saxon church dedicated to St Werburgh (the city's patron saint), it was shut down in 1540 as part of Henry VIII's dissolution frenzy, but reconsecrated as a cathedral the following year. Although the cathedral itself was given a substantial Victorian facelift, the 12th-century cloister and its surrounding buildings are essentially unaltered and retain much of the structure from the early monastic years. Grosvenor MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-972197; www.grosvenormuseum.co.uk; 27 Grosvenor St; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Excellent museum with the country's most comprehensive collection of Roman tombstones. At the back of the museum is a preserved Georgian house, complete with kitchen, drawing room, bedroom and bathroom. Dewa Roman ExperienceMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-343407; www.dewaromanexperience.co.uk; Pierpoint Lane; adult/child £5.50/3.75; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) Walk through a reconstructed Roman street to reveal what Roman life was like. Roman AmphitheatreARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Little St John St) F Just outside the city walls is what was once an arena that seated 7000 spectators (making it the country's largest); some historians have suggested that it may have also been the site of King Arthur's Camelot and that his knights' 'round table' was really just this circular construction. Excavations continue; during summer months there are occasional shows held here. St John the Baptist ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Vicar's Lane; h9.15am-6pm) Built on the site of an older Saxon church in 1075, it's been a peaceful ruin since 1581. It includes the remains of a Norman choir and medieval chapels. Boat HireBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; The Groves; per hr £6-8; h9am-6pm Apr-Sep) Steps at the back of St John the Baptist Church (Vicar's Lane) lead down to the riverside promenade known as the Groves. Here you can hire different kinds of boats with pedals, oars or small engines. TTours Chester Visitor Information Centre offers a broad range of walking tours departing from the town hall, including food, historical and ghost tours. Each lasts between 1½ and two hours. Recommended are the cruises up and down the Dee run by Chester Boat ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-325394; www.chesterboat.co.uk; Boating Station, Souters La, The Groves; tours £6.50-15), which include a foray into the gorgeous Eaton Estate, home of the duke and duchess of Westminster. 4Sleeping If you're visiting between Easter and September, you'd better book early if you want to avoid going over budget or settling for far less than you hoped for. Except for a handful of options, most of the accommodation is outside the city walls, but within easy walking distance of the centre. Chester BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-400185; www.chesterbackpackers.co.uk; 67 Boughton; dm/s/d from £16/22/34; W) Comfortable dorm rooms with nice pine beds in a typically Tudor white-and-black building. It's just a short walk from the city walls and there's also a pleasant garden. oStone VillaB&B ( %01244-345014; www.stonevillachester.co.uk; 3 Stone Pl, Hoole Rd; s/d from £45/75; p W; g9) Twice winner of Chester's B&B of the Year in the last 10 years, this beautiful villa has everything you need for a memorable stay. Elegant bedrooms, a fabulous breakfast and welcoming, friendly owners all add up to one of the best lodgings in town. The property is about a mile from the city centre. Grove VillaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-349713; www.grovevillachester.com; 18 The Groves; r from £75; p) A wonderfully positioned Victorian home overlooking the Dee. The rooms have antique beds and great river views. Chester Grosvenor Hotel & SpaHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-324024; www.chestergrosvenor.com; 58 Eastgate St; r from £175; p i W) Perfectly located, the Chester Grosvenor has huge, sprawling rooms with exquisite period furnishings and all mod cons. The spa, which is also open to nonguests, offers a range of body treatments, including reiki, LaStone therapy, Indian head massage and four-handed massage. There's also a Michelin-starred restaurant downstairs. 5Eating Chester has great food – it's just not in any of the tourist-oriented restaurants that line the Rows. Besides the better restaurants, you'll find the best grub in some of the pubs. Joseph BenjaminMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-344295; www.josephbenjamin.co.uk; 134-140 Northgate St; mains £13-17; h9am-5pm Tue & Wed, 9am-midnight Thu-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun) A bright star in Chester's culinary firmament is this combo restaurant, bar and deli that delivers carefully prepared local produce to take out or eat in. Excellent sandwiches and gorgeous salads are the mainstay of the takeout menu, while the more formal dinner menu features fine examples of modern British cuisine. Bar LoungeMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.barlounge.co.uk; 75 Watergate St; mains £11-18) One of the most popular spots in town is this bistro-style bar that serves up good burgers, pies and a particularly tasty beer-battered haddock and chips. There's a heated outdoor terrace for alfresco drinks. Upstairs at the GrillSTEAKHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-344883; www.upstairsatthegrill.co.uk; 70 Watergate St; mains £17-29; h5-11pm Mon-Thu, noon-11pm Fri-Sun) S This two-storey Manhattan-style steakhouse is the place to devour every cut of meat from American-style porterhouse to a sauce-sodden chateaubriand. All of the cuts are locally sourced and dry aged for five weeks to guarantee succulence; most cuts are available in 225g or 340g except for the bone-in rib eye, which comes in a daunting racket-sized 680g hunk of meat. #### DON'T MISS ### BEST PUBS FOR A PINT IN THE NORTHWEST APhilharmonic, Liverpool ABritons Protection, Manchester AAlbion, Chester APeveril of the Peak, Manchester 6Drinking & Nightlife AlbionPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 4 Albion St; hnoon-11pm) No children, no music and no machines or big screens (but plenty of Union Jacks). This 'family hostile' Edwardian classic pub is a throwback to a time when ale-drinking still had its own rituals. Still, this is one of the finest pubs in northwest England precisely because it doggedly refuses to modernise. FalconPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Lower Bridge St; hnoon-11pm) An old-fashioned boozer with a lovely atmosphere, the Falcon is great for a pint, especially the selection of Samuel Smyth ales, wheat beers and ciders – they also serve organic fruit beers. 3Entertainment RoodeeHORSE RACING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.chester-races.co.uk; The Racecourse; hMay-Sep) Chester's ancient and very beautiful racetrack, on the western side of the walls, has been hosting races since the 16th century. Highlights of the summer flat season include the two-day July Festival and the August equivalent. 8Information Cheshire ConstabularyPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-350 000; Town Hall, Northgate St) Countess of Chester HospitalMEDICAL/HOSPITAL ( %01244-365000; Health Park, Liverpool Rd) Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 St John St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01244-402111; www.visitchester.com; Town Hall, Northgate St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun May-Oct, 10am-5pm Mon-Sat Nov-Apr) 8Getting There & Away Bus National Express ( %08717 81 81 81; www.nationalexpress.com) coaches stop on Vicar's Lane, just opposite the tourist office by the Roman amphitheatre. Destinations include Birmingham (£14.30, two hours, four daily), Liverpool (£8.20, one hour, four daily), London (£23, 5½ hours, three daily) and Manchester (£7.70, 1¼ hours, three daily). For information on local bus services, ring the Cheshire Bus Line ( %01244-602 666). Local buses leave from the Town Hall Bus Exchange ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Princess St). Train The train station is about a mile from the city centre via Foregate St and City Rd, or Brook St. City-Rail Link buses are free for people with rail tickets, and operate between the station and Bus Stop A ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Frodsham St). Destinations include Liverpool (£6.65, 45 minutes, hourly), London Euston (£78.70, 2½ hours, hourly) and Manchester (£16.10, one hour, hourly). 8Getting Around Much of the city centre is closed to traffic from 10.30am to 4.30pm, so a car is likely to be a hindrance. The city is easy to walk around anyway, and most places of interest are close to the wall. ### Around Chester Chester ZooZOO (www.chesterzoo.org; Upton-by-Chester; adult/child £20/16, monorail £2/1.50, waterbus £2/1.50; h10am-dusk, last admission 4pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat & Sun) The largest of its kind in the country, Chester Zoo is about as pleasant a place as caged animals in artificial renditions of their natural habitats could ever expect to live. It's so big that there's even a **monorail** and a **waterbus** for getting around. The zoo is on the A41, 3 miles north of Chester's city centre. The number 1 bus (return £8, 15 minutes, every 15 minutes Monday to Saturday, every 30 minutes Sunday) runs between Chester's Town Hall Bus Exchange and the zoo. ## Liverpool Pop 466,400 Few English cities are as shackled by reputation as Liverpool, and none has worked so hard to outgrow the clichés that for so long have been used to define it. A hardscrabble town with a reputation for wit and an obsessive love of football, Liverpool also has an impressive cultural heritage: it has more listed museums than any other city outside London, its galleries are among the best in the country, and it has recently undergone an impressive program of urban regeneration. And then there's the Beatles. Liverpool cherishes them not because it's stuck in the past and hasn't gotten over the fact that they're long gone – it's because their worldwide popularity would make it crazy _not_ to do so. The main attractions are Albert Dock (west of the city centre), and the trendy Ropewalks area (south of Hanover St and west of the two cathedrals). Lime St station, the bus station and the Cavern Quarter – a mecca for Beatles fans – lie just to the north. ### LIVERPOOL IN... ### TWO DAYS Start at the waterfront's collection of superb museums. Visit the Museum of Liverpool and, just south, the International Slavery Museum in Albert Dock. Pay the Fab Four their due at the Beatles Story before heading into town to the Cavern Quarter around Mathew St. The Monro is worth a visit for lunch and the London Carriage Works for dinner. Round off the day with a pint at the marvellous Philharmonic, and wrap yourself in the crisp sheets of the Malmaison. Night hawks can tear it up in the bars and clubs of the hip **Ropewalks** area. The next day, explore the city's two **cathedrals** and check out the twin delights of the World Museum and the Walker Art Gallery. ### FOUR DAYS Follow the two-day itinerary and make a pilgrimage to **Mendips** and 20 Forthlin Road, the childhood homes of John Lennon and Paul McCartney respectively. For dinner, try HoSt. The next day, walk on holy ground at Anfield, home of Liverpool Football Club. Race junkies can head to the visitor centre at Aintree racecourse, which hosts England's beloved race, the Grand National. History Liverpool grew wealthy on the back of the triangular trading of slaves, raw materials and finished goods. From 1700 ships carried cotton goods and hardware from Liverpool to West Africa, where they were exchanged for slaves, who in turn were carried to the West Indies and Virginia, where they were exchanged for sugar, rum, tobacco and raw cotton. As a great port, the city drew thousands of Irish and Scottish immigrants, and its Celtic influences are still apparent. Between 1830 and 1930, however, nine million emigrants – mainly English, Scots and Irish, but also Swedes, Norwegians and Russian Jews – sailed from here to the New World. The start of WWII led to a resurgence of Liverpool's importance. More than one million American GIs disembarked here before D-Day and the port was, once again, hugely important as the western gateway for transatlantic supplies. The GIs brought with them the latest American records, and Liverpool was thus the first European port of call for the new rhythm and blues that would eventually become rock and roll. Within 20 years, the Mersey Beat was _the_ sound of British pop, and four mop-topped Scousers had formed a skiffle band... Liverpool 1Top Sights 1Beatles StoryC4 2International Slavery MuseumC3 3Liverpool CathedralF4 4Museum of LiverpoolC3 5Walker Art GalleryE1 6World MuseumE1 1Sights 7Albert DockC3 8Beatles Story: Elvis & UsC3 9Cunard BuildingC2 10Liverpool War MuseumC2 11Merseyside Maritime MuseumC3 12Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the KingG2 13Port of Liverpool BuildingC2 14Royal Liver BuildingC2 15St George's HallE1 16Tate LiverpoolC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 17Beatles' Childhood Homes TourD4 18Magical Mystery TourC4 4Sleeping 1962 Castle StC2 20Hope Street HotelF3 21Liverpool YHAD4 22MalmaisonB1 23Radisson BluB1 24Richmond HotelD1 25Roscoe HouseF3 5Eating 26HoStF3 27James MonroD1 London Carriage WorksF3 28MonroE3 29QuarterG3 6Drinking & Nightlife 3024 Kitchen StreetE4 31Everyman BistroD2 32PhilharmonicG3 33Ye CrackeF3 3Entertainment 34Cavern ClubD2 35O2 AcademyE1 36Philharmonic HallG3 7Shopping 37Liverpool ONED3 1Sights The wonderful Albert Dock is the city's biggest tourist attraction and the key to understanding the city's history, but the city centre is where you'll find most of Liverpool's real day-to-day life. #### City Centre oWorld MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-478 4399; www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/wml; William Brown St; h10am-5pm) F Natural history, science and technology are the themes of the oldest museum in town, which opened in 1853 and whose exhibits range from live bugs to human anthropology. This vastly entertaining and educational museum is spread across five themed floors, from the live fish aquarium on the 1st floor to the planetarium on the 5th, where you'll also find exhibits dedicated to space (moon rocks, telescopes etc) and time (clocks and timepieces from the 1500s to 1960). Highly recommended. oLiverpool CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 6271; www.liverpoolcathedral.org.uk; Upper Duke St; visitor centre & tower admission £5; h8am-6pm) Liverpool's Anglican cathedral is a building of superlatives. Not only is it Britain's largest church, it's also the world's largest Anglican cathedral. It is the work of Sir Gilbert Scott, who also gave us the red telephone box and the Southwark Power Station in London, now the Tate Modern. The central bell is the world's third largest (with the world's highest and heaviest peal), while the organ, with its 9765 pipes, is likely the world's largest operational model. The visitor centre features _Great Space_ ; this 10-minute, panoramic high-definition movie about the history of the cathedral is followed by your own audiovisual tour, courtesy of a headset. Your ticket also gives you access to the cathedral's 101m tower, from which there are terrific views of the city and beyond – on a clear day you can see Blackpool Tower. oWalker Art GalleryART MUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-478 4199; www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker; William Brown St; h10am-5pm) F The city's foremost art gallery is the national gallery for northern England, housing an outstanding collection of art from the 14th to the 21st centuries. Its strong suits are pre-Raphaelite art, modern British art and sculpture – not to mention the rotating exhibits of contemporary expression. It's a family-friendly place, too: the ground-floor Big Art for Little People gallery is designed for under-eights and features interactive exhibits and games that will (hopefully) result in a lifelong love affair with art. St George's HallCULTURAL CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-707 2391; www.stgeorgesliverpool.co.uk; William Brown St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 1-5pm Sun) F Arguably Liverpool's most impressive building is the Grade I–listed St George's Hall, a magnificent example of neoclassical architecture that is as imposing today as it was when it was completed in 1854. Curiously, it was built as law courts and a concert hall – presumably a judge could pass sentence and then relax to a string quartet. Inside, you can visit the recently refurbished courtroom and robing room, stop by the cells below, and get a nice vantage point on the Great Hall, home to Britain's second-largest organ (its 7000 pipes are pipped by the organ in London's Albert Hall). The building also hosts concerts, corporate gigs and a host of other civic get-togethers; it is also the focal point of any city-wide celebration. Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the KingCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 9222; www.liverpoolmetrocathedral.org.uk; Brownlow Hill; h7.30am-6pm) Known colloquially as Paddy's Wigwam, Liverpool's Catholic cathedral is a mightily impressive modern building that looks like a soaring concrete tepee, hence its nickname. It was completed in 1967 according to the design of Sir Frederick Gibberd after the original plans by Sir Edwin Lutyens, whose crypt is inside. The central tower frames the world's largest stained-glass window, created by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens. Liverpool War MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.liverpoolwarmuseum.co.uk; 1 Rumford St; adult/child £6/4; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Thu & Sat Mar-Oct) The secret command centre for the Battle of the Atlantic, the Western Approaches, was abandoned at the end of the war with virtually everything left intact. You can get a good glimpse of the labyrinthine nerve centre of Allied operations, including the all-important map room, where you can imagine playing a real-life, full-scale version of Risk. ### LIVERPOOL FOR CHILDREN The waterfront museums are extremely popular with kids, especially the Museum of Liverpool and the Merseyside Maritime Museum, which has a couple of boats for kids to mess about on. A visit to Anfield Rd is a must if your kids have any kind of interest in football. The Big Art for Little People gallery at the Walker Art Gallery is perfect for kids who want to find out that art is more than just something adults stare at. #### Albert Dock Liverpool's biggest tourist attraction is Albert Dock ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-708 8854; www.albertdock.com; admission free), 2.75 hectares of water ringed by enormous cast-iron columns and impressive five-storey warehouses that make up the country's largest collection of protected buildings and are a World Heritage Site. A fabulous development program has really brought the dock to life – here you'll find several outstanding museums and an extension of London's Tate Gallery, as well as a couple of top-class restaurants and bars. oInternational Slavery MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-478 4499; www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism; Albert Dock; h10am-5pm) F Museums are, by their very nature, like a still of the past, but the extraordinary International Slavery Museum resonates very much in the present. It reveals slavery's unimaginable horrors – including Liverpool's own role in the triangular slave trade – in a clear and uncompromising manner. It does this through a remarkable series of multi-media and other displays, and it doesn't baulk at confronting racism, slavery's shadowy ideological justification for this inhumane practice. The history of slavery is made real through a series of personal experiences, including a carefully kept ship's log and captain's diary. These tell the story of one slaver's experience on a typical trip, departing Liverpool for West Africa. The ship then purchased or captured as many slaves as it could carry before embarking on the gruesome 'middle passage' across the Atlantic to the West Indies. The slaves that survived the torturous journey were sold for sugar, rum, tobacco and raw cotton, which were then brought back to England for profit. Exhibits include original shackles, chains and instruments used to punish rebellious slaves – each piece of metal is more horrendous than the next. It's heady, disturbing stuff, but as well as providing an insightful history lesson, we are reminded of our own obligations to humanity and justice throughout the museum, not least in the Legacies of Slavery exhibit, which explores the continuing fight for freedom and equality. oBeatles StoryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 1963; www.beatlesstory.com; Albert Dock; adult/child £14.95/9; h9am-7pm, last admission 5pm) Liverpool's most popular museum won't illuminate any dark, juicy corners in the turbulent history of the world's most famous foursome – there's ne'er a mention of internal discord, drugs or Yoko Ono – but there's plenty of genuine memorabilia to keep a Beatles fan happy. You can also get a combo ticket for the Elvis & Us exhibit at the Beatles Story extension on Pier Head. Particularly impressive is the full-size replica Cavern Club (which was actually tiny) and the Abbey Rd studio where the lads recorded their first singles, while George Harrison's crappy first guitar (now worth half a million quid) should inspire budding, penniless musicians to keep the faith. Merseyside Maritime MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-478 4499; www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime; Albert Dock; h10am-5pm) F The story of one of the world's great ports is the theme of this excellent museum and, believe us, it's a graphic and compelling page-turner. One of the many great exhibits is Emigration to a New World, which tells the story of nine million emigrants and their efforts to get to North America and Australia; the walk-through model of a typical ship shows just how tough conditions on board really were. Tate LiverpoolGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-702 7400; www.tate.org.uk/liverpool; Albert Dock; special exhibitions adult/child from £5/4; h10am-5.50pm Jun-Aug, closed Mon Sep-May) F Touted as the home of modern art in the north, this gallery features a substantial checklist of 20th-century artists across its four floors, as well as touring exhibitions from the mother ship on London's Bankside. But it's all a little sparse, with none of the energy we'd expect from the world-famous Tate. #### North of Albert Dock The area to the north of Albert Dock is known as **Pier Head** , after a stone pier built in the 1760s. This is still the departure point for ferries across the River Mersey, and was for millions of migrants their final contact with European soil. The Museum of Liverpool is an impressive architectural interloper, but pride of place in this part of the dock still goes to the trio of Edwardian buildings known as the 'Three Graces', dating from the days when Liverpool's star was still ascending. The southernmost, with the dome mimicking St Paul's Cathedral, is the Port of Liverpool Building ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), completed in 1907. Next to it is the Cunard Building ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), in the style of an Italian palazzo, once HQ to the Cunard Steamship Line. Finally, the Royal Liver Building ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) (pronounced _lie_ -ver) was opened in 1911 as the head office of the Royal Liver Friendly Society. It's crowned by Liverpool's symbol, the famous 5.5m copper Liver Bird. oMuseum of LiverpoolMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-478 4545; www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol; Pier Head; h10am-5pm) F Liverpool's storied past is explored through an interactive exploration of the city's cultural and historical milestones – the railroad, poverty, wealth, _Brookside_ (a popular '80s TV soap opera set in the city), the Beatles and football (the film on the meaning of the game to the city is worth the 15 minutes). The desire to tell all of the city's rich story means there isn't a huge amount of depth, but the kids will love it. Beatles Story: Elvis & UsEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 1963; www.elvisandus.com; Mersey Ferries Terminal, Pier Head; admission £6; h9am-7pm Apr-Sep, 10am-6pm Oct-Mar) The meeting of pop music's most iconic figures on 27 August 1965 forms the basis of this exhibit atop the Pier Head ferry terminal. Want to gawk at the white Fender bass Paul played at the meeting? Stare lovingly at the shirt Elvis wore in _Jailhouse Rock_? Look at rare footage and examine a ticket to the '68 comeback special? Then this is the place to do it. TTours Beatles Fab Four Taxi TourTAXI TOUR ( %0151-601 2111; www.thebeatlesfabfourtaxitour.co.uk; 2/3hr tour £45/55) Themed tours of the city's mop-top landmarks – there's the three-hour original Lennon tour or the two-hour Epstein express tour. Pick-ups arranged when booking. Up to five people per tour. Liverpool Beatles TourGUIDED TOUR ( %0151-281 7738; www.beatlestours.co.uk; tours from £65) Your own personalised tour of every bit of Beatles minutiae, from cradle to grave. Tours range from the three-hour Helter Skelter excursion to the Fantastic All-Day Tour, by the end of which, presumably, you'll be convinced you were actually in the band. Pick-ups are arranged upon booking. Magical Mystery TourGUIDED TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 3285; www.cavernclub.org; per person £16.95; htours 10.30am, 11.30am, 1pm & 2pm) Two-hour tour that takes in all Beatles-related landmarks – their birthplaces, childhood homes, schools and places such as Penny Lane and Strawberry Field – before finishing up in the Cavern Club (which isn't the original). Departs from opposite the tourist office on Albert Dock. ### (NEVER) LET IT BE They broke up more than 40 years ago and two of their members are dead, but the Beatles are bigger business than ever in Liverpool. Most of it centres around tiny Mathew St, site of the original Cavern Club, which is now the main thoroughfare of the 'Cavern Quarter'. Here you can shuck oysters in the Rubber Soul Oyster Bar, buy a George pillowcase in the From Me to You shop and put it on the pillows of the Hard Day's Night Hotel. Ringo may have disparaged the city in 2008 by declaring that he missed nothing about it, but the city's tourist authorities continue to exploit Liverpool's ties to the world's most famous group and have done so with enormous success – the original, Beatles-oriented Mathew St Festival was enormously popular, attracting over 350,000 fans (it's now the Liverpool International Music Festival and explores music beyond the Fab Four). Wandering around Mathew St is plenty of fun – and the Beatles Shop is best for memorabilia – but if you really want a bit of Beatles lore, you'll have to visit the National Trust–owned **Mendips** , the home where John lived with his Aunt Mimi from 1945 to 1963 (which is also the time period covered by Sam Taylor-Wood's superb 2009 biopic of the young Lennon, _Nowhere Boy_ ) and **20 Forthlin Road** , the plain terraced home where Paul grew up; you can only do so by prebooked tour ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-427 7231; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Jury's Inn, 31 Keel Wharf, Wapping Dock; adult/child £22/7; h10am, 11am & 2.15pm Wed-Sun Mar-Nov). Tours also leave from Speke Hall ( %0151-427 7231; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; The Walk, Speke; h3.15pm Wed-Sun Mar-Oct). If you'd rather do it yourself, the tourist offices stock the _Discover Lennon's Liverpool_ guide and map, and Ron Jones' _The Beatles' Liverpool_. zFestivals & Events CreamfieldsMUSIC, DANCE (www.cream.co.uk) An alfresco dance-fest that brings together some of the world's best DJs and dance acts during the last weekend in August. It takes place at the Daresbury Estate near Halton, Cheshire. International BeatleweekMUSIC (www.cavernclub.org) Tribute bands keep the crowds entertained across a week in late August of Beatles-inspired music and talks organised by the Cavern Club. Liverpool International Music FestivalMUSIC ( %0151-239 9091; www.limfestival.org) A festival showcasing local bands and international acts across five different venues spread throughout the city during the last two weeks of August. ### THE GRAND NATIONAL Grand NationalHORSE RACING ( %0151-522 2929; www.aintree.co.uk) The world's most famous steeplechase – and one of England's most cherished events – takes place on the first Saturday in April across 4.5 miles and over the most difficult fences in world racing. Its protagonists are 40-odd veteran stalwarts of the jumps, ageing bruisers full of the oh-so-English qualities of grit and derring-do. If you want to attend the race, you'd better book tickets far in advance. 4Sleeping Liverpool's choice of accommodation ranges from sexy boutique to strictly functional. Rooms are at a premium when Liverpool FC are playing at home and during the mobbed-out music festivals of late August. If you fancy self-catering options, the tourist office has all the information you need. #### City Centre oRichmond HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.richmondliverpool.com; 24 Hatton Garden; d from £80, 2-bedroom apt from £199) Centrally located and fully renovated, the Richmond offers a convenient choice of accommodation, from classic doubles and suites to fully equipped, self-catering one-, two- and three-bedroom apartments. All of the rooms have high-spec decor, including 50in flatscreen TVs and fancy toiletries. Guests also have access to the hotel spa. Radisson BluHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-966 1500; www.radissonblu.co.uk; 107 Old Hall St; r from £95; i W) The rooms at this funky Scandinavian design hotel are divided into 'Ocean', with regal blues and views of the docks and the Mersey, and 'Urban', with luscious reds and purples and city views. Each comes with all the designer gadgetry you'd expect: flatscreen TVs, free highspeed wi-fi and super-hip bathrooms. They're not especially huge, but they're very cool, baby. 62 Castle StBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-702 7898; www.62castlest.com; 62 Castle St; r from £80; p i W) This elegant property successfully blends the traditional Victorian features of the neoclassical building with a sleek, contemporary style. The 20 fabulously different suites come with high-definition plasma-screen TVs, drench showers and luxe toiletries as standard. Roscoe HouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 0286; www.roscoehouse.com; 27 Rodney St; r from £70; W) A handsome Georgian home once owned by Liverpool-born writer and historian William Roscoe (1753–1831) has been given the once-over and is now a chic boutique hotel. The elegant rooms combine period touches (original coving, fireplaces and furnishings) with contemporary comforts such as flatscreen TVs and fancy Egyptian cotton sheets. oHope Street HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 3000; www.hopestreethotel.co.uk; 40 Hope St; r/ste from £130/190; i W) Luxurious Liverpool's pre-eminent flag-waver is this stunning boutique hotel on the city's most elegant street. King-sized beds draped in Egyptian cotton, oak floors with underfloor heating, LCD TVs and sleek modern bathrooms (with REN bath and beauty products) are but the most obvious touches of class at this supremely cool address. Breakfast, taken in the marvellous London Carriage Works, is not included. #### Around Albert Dock Liverpool YHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9527; www.yha.org.uk; 25 Tabley St; dm from £18; p W) It may have the look of an Eastern European apartment complex, but this award-winning hostel, adorned with plenty of Beatles memorabilia, is one of the most comfortable you'll find anywhere in the country. The dorms with en suite bathrooms even have heated towel rails. oMalmaisonHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-229 5000; www.malmaison.com; 7 William Jessop Way, Princes Dock; r from £89; p i W) Malmaison's preferred colour scheme of plum and black is everywhere in this purpose-built hotel, which gives it an air of contemporary sophistication. Everything about the Liverpool Mal is plush, from the huge beds and the deep baths to the heavy velvet curtains and the excellent buffet breakfast. 5Eating Top grade international cuisine, the best of British and the greasy spoon...you'll find plenty of choices to satisfy every taste. Best spots include Ropewalks, along Hardman St and Hope St. MonroGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-707 9933; www.themonro.com; 92 Duke St; 2-course lunch £11.95, dinner mains £14-20; h11am-11pm) S The Monro has fast become one of the city's favourite spots for lunch, dinner and, especially, weekend brunch. The constantly changing menu of classic British dishes made with ingredients sourced as locally as possible has transformed this handsome old pub into a superb dining experience. It's tough to find pub grub this good elsewhere, unless you go to its sister pub, the James Monro ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-236 9700; www.thejamesmonro.com; 69 Tithebarn St; h11am-11pm). HoStASIAN, FUSION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ho-st.co.uk; 31 Hope St; mains £9.50-13; h11am-11pm; v c) A bright, airy room with the look of a chic, contemporary New York brasserie serves up excellent pan-Asian dishes like Indonesian braised lamb with fried rice and red duck coconut curry with lychees. The starter nibbles are pretty delicious, too. QuarterBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-707 1965; www.thequarteruk.com; 7-11 Falkner St; mains £9-15; h8am-11pm Mon-Fri, 9am-11pm Sat & Sun) A gorgeous little wine bar and bistro with outdoor seating for that elusive summer's day. London Carriage WorksMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-705 2222; www.thelondoncarriageworks.co.uk; 40 Hope St; 2-/3-course meal £17.50/22.50, mains £16-30; h7-10am & noon-10pm Mon-Fri, 8-11am & noon-10pm Sat, to 9pm Sun) Liverpool's dining revolution is being led by Paul Askew's award-winning restaurant, which successfully blends ethnic influences from around the globe with staunch British favourites and serves up the result in a beautiful dining room – actually more of a bright glass box divided only by a series of sculpted glass shards. Reservations are recommended. 6Drinking & Nightlife Unless specified, all the bars included here open from 11am until 2am Monday to Saturday, and most have a nominal entry charge after 11pm. Most of the city's clubs are concentrated in Ropewalks, where they compete for customers with a tonne of late-night bars; considering the number of punters in the area on a Friday or Saturday night, we're guessing there's plenty of business for everyone. Everyman BistroBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.everymanplayhouse.com; Williamson Sq; h10am-10pm) This Liverpool institution reopened in 2014 in a new location and is better than ever. The downstairs bar and bistro are packed most evenings, making this one of the best places in town for a drink and a bite. The wi-fi is stronger than in most other bars. PhilharmonicPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 36 Hope St; h10am-11.30pm) This extraordinary bar, designed by the shipwrights who built the _Lusitania,_ is one of the most beautiful bars in all of England. The interior is resplendent with etched and stained glass, wrought iron, mosaics and ceramic tiling – and if you think that's good, just wait until you see inside the marble men's toilets, the only heritage-listed lav in the country. Ye CrackePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 13 Rice St; h11am-11pm) A traditional pub with a beer garden; the fact that John and Cynthia Lennon liked coming here when they were students is completely incidental to its charms. 24 Kitchen StreetCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/24kitchenstreet; 24 Kitchen St; tickets £8-12; h9pm-4am Fri & Sat) A multi-purpose venue that splits its focus between the arts and electronic music. The converted Victorian building is one of the best places in town to dance in. 3Entertainment Philharmonic HallCLASSICAL MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 3789; www.liverpoolphil.com; Hope St) One of Liverpool's most beautiful buildings, the art-deco Phil is home to the city's main classical orchestra, but it also stages the work of avant-garde musicians such as John Cage and Nick Cave. O2 AcademyLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-794 6868; www.o2academyliverpool.co.uk; Liverpool University, 11-13 Hotham St) Good spot to see midsize bands on tour. Cavern ClubLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-236 1965; www.cavernclub.org; 8-10 Mathew St; admission before/after 2pm free/£4; h10am-midnight Mon-Wed & Sun, to 1.30am Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) It's a reconstruction, and not even on the same spot, but the 'world's most famous club' is still a great spot to see local bands. Liverpool FCFOOTBALL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-263 9199, ticket office 0151-220 2345; www.liverpoolfc.com; Anfield Rd) Doff o' the cap to Evertonians and Beatle-maniacs, but no single institution represents the Mersey spirit and strong sense of identity more powerfully than Liverpool FC, who dominated British football in the 70s and 80s, but have had to watch as their bitter rivals Manchester United did the same in the decades since. New manager Brendan Rodgers was appointed in 2012 and has re-established the club as viable contenders for the league title: in 2014 they were pipped to the prize by Manchester City, but the club's millions of fans worldwide have a renewed sense of hope for the future. After years of discussion, plans to enlarge the utterly marvellous Anfield Road were approved in 2014 and the 60,000-capacity ground should be ready by 2017. In the meantime, the experience of a live match remains a sporting highlight of a visit to England, especially the sound of 40,000 fans singing the club's anthem, 'You'll Never Walk Alone'. The Anfield Stadium Tour (www.liverpoolfc.com; Anfield Stadium; stadium tour adult/child £16.50/10) brings fans to the home dressing room and down the tunnel past the famous 'This is Anfield' sign into the pitchside dugout. Take bus 26 or 27 from Paradise St Interchange or bus 17 or 217 from the Queen St Bus Station. Everton Football ClubFOOTBALL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-330 2400, ticket office 0151-330 2300; www.evertonfc.com; Goodison Park) Founded in 1878, Liverpool's blue half, Everton FC, consoles itself for existing in the shadow of its more successful neighbour with the historical truth of 'we were there first'. Goodison Park Tours ( %0151-530 5212; www.evertonfc.com; adult/child £10/5; h11am & 1pm Mon, Wed, Fri & Sun) run throughout the year, except on the Friday before home matches. Take bus 19, 20 or 21 from Paradise St Interchange or Queen St Bus Station. 7Shopping Sandwiched between Albert Dock, the Cavern Quarter and Ropewalks is the simply enormous Liverpool ONE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.liverpool-one.com; h9.30am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-7pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) shopping district ('centre' just feels too small) – 17 hectares of retail and restaurant pleasure. 8Information There is a small tourist office ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-707 0729; www.visitliverpool.com; Anchor Courtyard; h10am-6pm) in Albert Dock, and a separate accommodation hotline ( %0845-601 1125; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat). Liverpool Magazine (www.liverpool.com) Insiders' guide to the city run by the _Liverpool Echo_ , including lots of great recommendations for food and nights out. Mars PharmacyMEDICAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 68 London Rd) Open until 10pm every night. Mersey GuideTOURIST INFORMATION (www.merseyguide.co.uk) Guide to the Greater Mersey area. Merseyside Police HeadquartersPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0151-709 6010; Canning Pl) Opposite Albert Dock. Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Ranelagh St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Royal Liverpool University HospitalMEDICAL/HOSPITAL ( %0151-706 2000; Prescot St) 8Getting There & Away Air Liverpool John Lennon Airport ( %0870-750 8484; www.liverpoolairport.com; Speke Hall Ave) serves a variety of international destinations as well as destinations in the UK (Belfast, London and the Isle of Man). Bus The National Express Coach Station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalexpress.com; Norton St) is 300m north of Lime St station. There are services to/from most major towns including Birmingham (£13.80, 2¾ hours, five daily), London (£28, five to six hours, six daily), Manchester (£7.10, 1¼ hours, hourly) and Newcastle (£25.70, 6½ hours, three daily). Train Liverpool's main station is Lime St. It has hourly services to almost everywhere, including Chester (£6.65, 45 minutes), London Euston (£78.70, 3¼ hours) and Manchester (£11.90, 45 minutes). 8Getting Around To/From the Airport The airport is 8 miles south of the centre. Arriva Airlink (www.arriva.co.uk; adult £2; h6am-11pm) buses 80A and 180 depart from Paradise St Interchange, and Arriva 500 ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.arriva.co.uk; £2.50; h5.15am-12.15am) buses leave from outside Lime St station. Buses from both stations take half an hour and run every 20 minutes. A taxi to the city centre should cost no more than £18. Boat The famous Mersey ferry ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.merseyferries.co.uk; one way/return £2.30/2.80) crossing for Woodside and Seacombe departs from Pier Head Ferry Terminal, next to the Royal Liver Building (to the north of Albert Dock). Car & Motorcycle You won't really have much use for a car in Liverpool, and it'll no doubt end up costing you plenty in parking fees. If you have to drive, there are parking meters around the city and a number of open and sheltered car parks. Car break-ins are a significant problem, so leave absolutely nothing of value in the car. Public Transport Local public transport is coordinated by **Merseytravel** (www.merseytravel.gov.uk). Highly recommended is the Saveaway ticket (adult/child £5/2.50), which allows for one day's off-peak (after 9.30am) travel on all bus, train and ferry services throughout Merseyside. Tickets are available at shops and post offices throughout the city. Paradise St Interchange is in the city centre. Merseyrail (www.merseyrail.org) is an extensive suburban rail service linking Liverpool with the Greater Merseyside area. There are four stops in the city centre: Lime St, Central (handy for Ropewalks), James St (close to Albert Dock) and Moorfields (for the Liverpool War Museum). Taxi Mersey Cabs ( %0151-298 2222) operates tourist taxi services and also has some wheelchair-accessible cabs. ## Lancashire As you travel north, past the concrete blanket that covers much of the southern half of the county, Lancashire's undulating landscape begins to reveal itself in all its bucolic glory. Beyond Blackpool – the faded queen of beachside holidays – the Ribble Valley is a gentle and beautiful warm-up for the Lake District that lies beyond the county's northern border. North of the Ribble Valley is the county's handsome Georgian capital, Lancaster. ### Blackpool Pop 148,185 Blackpool is the queen of England's faded fun-by-the-seaside resorts, a defiant tribute to a traditional past before the advent of low-cost airlines and sun holidays in Spain. It's tacky, trashy and a little tawdry, but Blackpool doesn't care because 15 million-plus annual visitors don't either. The town is famous for its tower, its three piers, its Pleasure Beach and its Illuminations, the latter being a successful ploy to extend the brief summer holiday season. From early September to early November, 5 miles of the Promenade are illuminated with thousands of electric and neon lights. 1Sights Blackpool Pleasure BeachAMUSEMENT PARK (www.blackpoolpleasurebeach.com; Central Promenade; Pleasure Beach Pass £6, Unlimited Ride wristband 1-day adult/child £30/27, Speedy Pass/VIP Speedy Pass per person £12/42; hhours vary) The main reason for Blackpool's immense popularity is the Blackpool Pleasure Beach, a 16-hectare collection of more than 145 rides that attracts some seven million visitors annually. As amusement parks go, it's easily the best in Britain. Rides are divided into categories, and once you've gained entry to the park with your Freedom Ticket you can buy tickets for individual categories or for a mixture of them all. Alternatively, an Unlimited Ride wristband includes the £5 entrance fee; there are great discounts if you book your tickets online in advance. The Speedy Pass saves you the hassle of queuing for rides by allocating you a specific ride time; rent it and add as many people to it as you want; they've just added a VIP Speedy Pass that allows you get in ahead of regular Speedy Pass users. There are no set times for closing; it depends how busy it is. Blackpool TowerENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX ( %0844 856 1000; www.theblackpooltower.com; Tower Ticket adult/child £52/40; hhours vary) Built in 1894, this 154m-high tower is Blackpool's most recognisable landmark. Watch a 4D film on the town's history in the **Blackpool Tower Eye** (a 2011 addition), before taking the elevator 154m up to the observation deck, which has splendid views and only a (thick) glass floor between you and the ant-sized people below. Back at ground level, the **dungeon** exhibit sits alongside the old Moorish circus and the magnificent rococo ballroom, with its extraordinary sculptured and gilded plasterwork, murals, chandeliers and couples gliding across the beautifully polished wooden floor to the melodramatic tones of a huge Wurlitzer organ. There's also **Jungle Jim's** adventure playground for kids. Visitors are strongly urged to buy their tickets online as buying them at the door can be up to 50% more expensive. Sandcastle WaterparkAMUSEMENT PARK (www.sandcastle-waterpark.co.uk; adult/child £14.50/11.50, Hyperzone £5/2.50; hhours vary) Across from Pleasure Beach is this indoor water complex with 15 different slides and rides, including the Hyperzone, which has the complex's most popular slides – Aztec Falls, Montezooma, the Sidewinder and Master Blaster, the world's largest indoor water slide. North PierLANDMARK (Promenade) F Built in 1862 and opening a year later, the most famous of the three Victorian piers once charged a penny for admission; its plethora of unexciting rides are now free. 4Sleeping If you want to stay close to the waterfront, prepare for a noisy, boisterous night; accommodation along Albert and Hornby Rds, 300m back from the sea, is that little bit quieter. The tourist office will assist you in finding a bed. Number OneBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01253-343901; www.numberoneblackpool.com; 1 St Lukes Rd; s/d from £70/100; p W) Far fancier than anything else around, this stunning boutique guesthouse is all luxury and contemporary style. Everything exudes a kind of discreet elegance, from the dark-wood furniture and high-end mod cons to the top-notch breakfast. It's on a quiet road just set back from the South Promenade near the Pleasure Beach amusement park. Big Blue HotelHOTEL ( %01253-400045; www.bigbluehotel.com; Blackpool Pleasure Beach; r from £80; p i W) A handsome family hotel with smartly kitted-out rooms. Kids are looked after with DVD players and computer games, while its location at the southern entrance to Blackpool Pleasure Beach should ensure that everyone has something to do. 5Eating Forget gourmet meals – the Blackpool experience is all about stuffing your face with burgers, doughnuts, and fish and chips. Most people eat at their hotels, where roast and three vegetables often costs just £5 per head. There are a few restaurants around Talbot Sq (near the tourist office) on Queen St, Talbot Rd and Clifton St. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01253-478222; www.visitblackpool.com; 1 Clifton St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus The central coach station is on Talbot Rd, near the town centre. Services include London (£34.20, seven hours, four daily) and Manchester (£8.90, 1¾ hours, four daily). Train The main train station is Blackpool North, about five blocks east of the North Pier on Talbot Rd. There is a direct service from Manchester (£16.30, 1¼ hours, half-hourly) and Liverpool (£17.60, 1½ hours, seven daily), but most other arrivals change in Preston (£7.60, 30 minutes, half-hourly). 8Getting Around A host of travel-card options for trams and buses ranging from one day to a week are available at the tourist office and most newsagents. With more than 14,000 car-parking spaces in Blackpool, you'll have no problem parking. The (recently upgraded) tramway (one stop £1, up to 16 stops £2; hfrom 10.30am Apr-Oct) shuttles funsters for 11 miles, including along the pier as far as the Fylde Coast (also serving the central corridor car parks), every eight minutes or so throughout the day. Otherwise, the town's bike hire scheme (www.hourbike.com; per hour £1) has bikes available for hire from stations along the Promenade and in Stanley Park. ### Lancaster Pop 44,500 Lancashire's county seat is genteel, austere and much, much quieter than it was in its 18th-century heyday, when it served as an important trading port for all manner of goods, including people. The city's handsome Georgian architecture was one of the slave trade's ancillary benefits. 1Sights Lancaster Castle & PrioryCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01524-64998; www.lancastercastle.com; Castle Park; adult/child £8/6.50; h10am-5pm, guided tours every 30min 10am-4pm) Lancaster's imposing castle was originally built in 1150. Later additions include the **Well Tower** , more commonly known as the Witches' Tower because it was used to incarcerate the accused of the famous Pendle Witches Trial of 1612, and the impressive twin-towered **gatehouse** , both from the 14th century. Visits are by guided tour only as the castle is used as a Crown Court. The castle was heavily restored in the 18th and 19th centuries to suit a new function as a prison, and it continued to house Category C prisoners until 2011. Immediately next to the castle is the equally fine priory church ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Priory Cl; h9.30am-5pm), founded in 1094 but extensively remodelled in the Middle Ages. Judges' LodgingsMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church St; adult/child £3/2; h10am-4pm Jun & Jul, 1-4pm Easter-May & Aug-Oct) Once the home of witch-hunter Thomas Covell (he who 'caught' the poor Pendle women), Lancaster's oldest town house, a Grade I–listed Georgian building, is now home to a **Museum of Furnishings** by master builders Gillows of Lancaster, whose work graces the Houses of Parliament. It also houses a **Museum of Childhood** , which has memorabilia from the turn of the 20th century. Williamson Park & Tropical Butterfly HouseGARDENS (Tropical Butterfly House adult/child £3.70/2.70; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) Lancaster's highest point is the 22-hectare spread of this elegant park, whose highlights are (besides the views) the **Tropical Butterfly House** , full of exotic and stunning species, and the **Ashton Memorial** , a 67m-high baroque folly built by Lord Ashton (the son of the park's founder, James Williamson) for his wife. Take bus 25 or 25A from the station, or else it's a steep, short walk up Moor Lane. 4Sleeping & Eating Sun Hotel & BarHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01524-66006; www.thesunhotelandbar.co.uk; 63 Church St; r from £90; p W) An excellent hotel in a 300-year-old building with a rustic, old-world look that stops at the bedroom doors – beyond them are 16 stylish and contemporary rooms. The pub downstairs is one of the best in town and a top spot for a bit of grub; the two-course roast of the day (£8) is excellent. Whale Tail CafeVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.whaletailcafe.co.uk; 78a Penny St; mains £8-11; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, to 3pm Sun; v) S This gorgeous 1st-floor veggie restaurant has an elegant dining room and a more informal plant-filled courtyard for lunch on a sunny day. The spicy bean burger is particularly good. Food here is locally produced and, where possible, organic. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01524-582394; www.citycoastcountryside.co.uk; Storey Creative Industries Centre, Meeting House Lane; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Lancaster is on the main west coast railway line and on the Cumbrian coast line. Destinations include Carlisle (£19.50, one hour, hourly), Manchester (£8.60, one hour, hourly) and Morecambe (£2.30, 15 minutes, half-hourly). ### Ribble Valley Known locally as 'Little Switzerland', Lancashire's most attractive landscapes lie east of the brash tackiness of Blackpool and north of the sprawling urban areas of Preston and Blackburn. The northern half of the valley is dominated by the sparsely populated moorland of the Forest of Bowland, which is a fantastic place for walks, while the southern half features rolling hills, attractive market towns and ruins, with the River Ribble flowing between them. 2Activities Ribble WayWALKING (www.visitlancashire.com) The Ribble Way, a 70-mile footpath that follows the River Ribble from its source at Ribblehead (in the Yorkshire Dales) to the estuary at Preston, is one of the more popular walks in the area and passes through Clitheroe. Lancashire Cycle WayCYCLING The Ribble Valley is well covered by the northern loop of the Lancashire Cycle Way; for more information about routes, safety and so on, contact Blazing Saddles ( %01442-844435; www.blazingsaddles.co.uk; 35 West End, Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire), a Yorkshire-based bike shop. ### THE PENDLE WITCHES A lovely walk brings you to the top of Pendle Hill (558m) from which there are marvellous views of the surrounding countryside. In 1612, however, the surrounding villages in the shadow of Pendle Hill were the scene of dramatic witch trials. Ten people, two of them older women who were known locally as 'healers', were accused of practising witchcraft, including murder, and were convicted to hang based on the sole testimony of a nine-year-old child (a legal reference point that would later influence the Salem Witch Trials of the New World). Every Halloween a pseudomystical ceremony is performed here to commemorate their 'activities'. If that's not enough, in 1652 George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, felt compelled to climb Pendle Hill and experienced visions here – an event that was to add momentum to the growth of the Quaker religion. #### Clitheroe Pop 14,700 Located northeast of Preston, the Ribble Valley's largest market town is best known for its impressive Norman keep ( hdawn-dusk), built in the 12th century and now, sadly, standing empty; from it there are great views of the river valley below. The extensive grounds are home to the newly refurbished Castle Museum (Castle Hill; adult/child £4/3; h11am-4pm Mar-Oct, noon-4pm Mon, Tue & Fri-Sun Nov-Feb), which explores 350 million years of local history. 4Sleeping & Eating Old Post House HotelHOTEL ( %01200-422025; www.posthousehotel.co.uk; 44-48 King St; s/d from £50/70; p W) A former post office is now Clitheroe's most handsome hotel, with 11 superbly decorated rooms. Halpenny's of ClitheroeTEAROOM (Old Toll House, 1-5 Parson Lane; mains £7-9) A traditional teashop that serves sandwiches, and dishes such as Lancashire hotpot. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01200-425566; www.visitribblevalley.co.uk; Church Walk; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Information on the town and surrounding area. #### Forest of Bowland This vast grouse-ridden moorland is somewhat of a misnomer. The use of 'forest' is a throwback to an earlier definition, when it served as a royal hunting ground. Today it is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which makes for good walking and cycling. The **Pendle Witch Way** , a 45-mile walk from Pendle Hill to northeast of Lancaster, cuts right through the area, and the Lancashire Cycle Way runs along the eastern border. The forest's main town is **Slaidburn** , about 9 miles north of Clitheroe on the B6478. Other villages worth exploring are **Newton** , **Whitewell** and **Dunsop Bridge**. 4Sleeping & Eating Slaidburn YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9343; www.yha.org.uk; King's House; dm £18; hApr-Oct) A converted 17th-century village inn that is especially popular with walkers and cyclists. Inn at WhitewellINN ( %01200-448222; www.innatwhitewell.com; s/d from £90/119) Once the home of Bowland's forest keeper, this is now a superb guesthouse with antique furniture, peat fires and Victorian claw-foot baths. The restaurant specialises in traditional English game dishes (mains £11 to £19). Hark to Bounty InnINN ( %01200-446246; www.harktobounty.co.uk; Slaidburn; s/d from £45/90) This marvellous 13th-century inn has atmospheric rooms with exposed oak beams. An excellent restaurant downstairs specialises in homemade herb breads (mains £9 to £17). 8Getting There & Away Clitheroe is served by regular buses from Preston and Blackburn as well as by hourly trains from Manchester (£9.30, 75 minutes) and Preston (£6.70, 50 minutes). Once here, you're better off having your own transport, as there is only a Sunday bus service between Clitheroe and the rest of the valley villages. ## Isle of Man Deliberately different and not-so-ferociously independent, the Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin in Manx, the local lingo) has doggedly held onto its semi-autonomous status (it is home to the world's oldest continuous parliament, the Tynwald) so as to continue doing its own thing, which really means operating as a popular tax haven. The islanders' rejection of England's warm embrace has led to an oft-quoted prejudice that there's something odd about them, but the only thing that's odd here is the local tailless cat. Crass commercialism and mass tourism have no place here, except of course for the world-famous summer season of Tourist Trophy (TT) motorbike racing, which attracts around 50,000 punters and bike freaks every May and June, bringing noise and mayhem to the otherwise lush valleys, barren hills and rugged coastlines of this beautiful island. Needless to say, if you want a slice of silence, be sure to avoid the high-rev bike fest. 2Activities With plenty of great marked trails, the Isle of Man is a firm favourite with walkers and is regularly voted one of the best walking destinations in Britain. Ordnance Survey (OS) Landranger Map 95 (£6.99) covers the whole island, while the free _Walks on the Isle of Man_ is available from the tourist office in Douglas. The **Millennium Way** is a walking path that runs the length of the island amid some spectacular scenery. The most demanding of all the island's walks is the 95-mile **Raad ny Foillan** (Road of the Gull), a well-marked path that makes a complete circuit of the island and normally takes about five days to complete. The Isle of Man Walking Festival (www.iomevents.com; hmid-May) takes place over five days in May. The island has six designated off-road mountain-biking trails, each with varying ranges of difficulty. See www.visitisleofman.com for details. 8Information Most of the island's historic sites are operated by Manx Heritage, which offers free admission for National Trust or English Heritage members. Unless otherwise indicated, Manx Heritage (www.manxnationalheritage.im) sites are open 10am to 5pm daily, from Easter to October. The Manx Heritage Holiday Pass (www.manxheritageshop.com; adult/child £20/10) grants you entry to all nine of the island's heritage attractions; pick it up at any of the tourist offices or online. You can also check out www.iomevents.com for listings of what's on in the Isle of Man, along with accommodation and other tourist information. 8Getting There & Away Air Ronaldsway Airport (www.iom-airport.com) is 10 miles south of Douglas near Castletown. Airlines that service the region: Aer Lingus RegionalAIRLINE (www.aerlingus.com; from £75) From Dublin. CitywingAIRLINE (www.citywing.com; from £50) From Belfast, Blackpool, Leeds-Bradford, Gloucester M5, Newcastle and East Midlands. Easyjet (www.easyjet.com; from £59) From Liverpool and London Gatwick. Flybe (www.flybe.com; from £21) From Birmingham, Bristol, Jersey, London Gatwick, Luton, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Boat Isle of Man Steam PacketFERRY (www.steam-packet.com; foot passenger single/return £22/40, car & 2 passengers return from £115) Isle of Man Steam Packet is a car ferry and high-speed catamaran service from Liverpool and Heysham to Douglas. There is also a summer service (mid-April to mid-September) to Dublin (three hours) and Belfast (three hours). It's usually cheaper to buy a return ticket than to pay the single fare. 8Getting Around Buses link the airport with Douglas every 30 minutes between 7am and 11pm; a taxi should cost you no more than £18. The island has a comprehensive bus service (www.gov.im); the tourist office in Douglas has timetables and sells tickets. It also sells the Island Explorer (1-day adult/child £16/8, 3-day £32/16), which gives you unlimited public transport use, including the tram to Snaefell and Douglas' horse-trams. Bikes can be hired from Eurocycles (www.eurocycles.co.im; 8 Victoria Rd; per day £14-20; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat). Petrolheads will love the scenic, sweeping bends that make for some exciting driving – and the fact that outside of Douglas town there's no speed limit. Naturally, the most popular drive is along the TT route. Car-hire operators have desks at the airport, and charge from around £38 per day. The 19th-century electric and steam rail services ( %01624-663366; www.iombusandrail.info; hMar-Oct) are a thoroughly satisfying way of getting from A to B: A **Douglas–Castletown–Port Erin Steam Train** (return £10.80) A **Douglas–Laxey–Ramsey Electric Tramway** (return £10.80) A **Laxey–Summit Snaefell Mountain Railway** (return £10.80) ### Douglas Pop 28,940 Much like Blackpool across the water, Douglas' heyday was in the middle of the 19th century, when it was a favourite destination for Victorian mass tourism. It's not nearly as popular – or as pretty – today, but it still has the best of the island's hotels and restaurants – as well as the bulk of the finance houses that are frequented so regularly by tax-allergic Brits. The Manx Museum (www.gov.im/mnh; Kingswood Grove; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) gives an introduction to everything from the island's prehistoric past to the latest TT race winners. 4Sleeping The seafront promenade is crammed with B&Bs. Unless you booked back at the beginning of the millennium, however, there's little chance of finding accommodation during TT week and the weeks either side of it. The tourist office's camping information sheet lists sites all around the island. Sefton HotelHOTEL ( %01624-645500; www.seftonhotel.co.im; Harris Promenade; r from £70; p W) Douglas' best hotel is an upmarket oasis with its own indoor water garden and rooms that range from plain and comfy to elegant and very luxurious. The rooms overlooking the water garden are superb, even better than the ones with sea views. Save up to 10% by booking online. Admiral HouseB&B ( %01624-629551; www.admiralhouse.com; Loch Promenade; s/d from £60/75; p W) This elegant guesthouse overlooks the harbour near the ferry port. The 23 spotless and modern rooms are a cheerful alternative to the worn look of a lot of other seafront B&Bs. Palace HotelHOTEL ( %01624-662662; www.palacehotel.co.im; Central Promenade; r from £75; p i s) Tidy, modern rooms, a small gym and a casino – a Best Western hotel that takes care of your every need. 5Eating & Drinking There are a few good drinking spots around, including Bar George (www.bargeorge.im; St George's Chambers, 3 Hill St), an elegant option for a glass of wine, and Rover's Return (11 Church St), which specialises in the local brew, Bushy Ales. 14NorthMEDITERRANEAN ( %01624-664414; www.14north.im; mains £14-21; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) An old timber merchant's house is now home to this smart eatery serving North African–style flatbreads (basically gourmet pizzas with a variety of toppings) and a selection of fish and meat dishes. TanroaganSEAFOOD ( %01624-472411; www.tanroagan.co.uk; 9 Ridgeway St; mains £19-31; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-9.30pm Mon-Sat) The place for all things from the sea, this elegant eatery is Douglas' smartest. It serves fresh fish straight off the boats, giving them the merest of Continental twists or just a spell on the hot grill. Reservations are recommended. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01624-686766; www.visitisleofman.com; Sea Terminal Bldg; h9.15am-7pm May-Sep, closed Sun Oct-Apr) Makes free accommodation bookings. ### Around Douglas You can follow the TT circuit up and over the mountain or wind around the coast. The mountain route goes close to the summit of **Snaefell** (621m), the island's highest point. It's an easy walk up to the summit, or take the electric tram from Laxey, near the coast. On the edge of Ramsey, on the north of the island, is the Grove Museum of Victorian Life (MH; Andreas Rd; admission £5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct), where you can see the summer home of a well-to-do family preserved in aspic – and learn what it was like to be a scullery maid! The church in the small village of **Maughold** is on the site of an ancient monastery; a small shelter houses quite a good selection of stone crosses and ancient inscriptions. It's no exaggeration to describe the Lady Isabella Laxey Wheel (MH; Mines Rd, Laxey; admission £5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct), built in 1854 to pump water from a mine, as a 'great' wheel: it measures 22m across and can draw 1140L of water per minute from a depth of 550m. The largest wheel of its kind in the world, it's named after the wife of the then lieutenant-governor. The wheel-headed cross at **Lonan Old Church** , just north of Douglas, is the island's most impressive early Christian cross. ### Castletown & Around At the southern end of the island is Castletown, a quiet harbour town that was originally the capital of the Isle of Man. The town is dominated by the impressive 13th-century Castle Rushen (MH; Castletown Sq; admission £6; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct). The flag tower affords fine views of the town and coast. There's also a small Nautical Museum (MH; Bridge St; admission £5; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct) displaying, among other things, its pride and joy, _Peggy,_ a boat built in 1791 and still housed in its original boathouse. There is a school dating back to 1570 in St Mary's Church (MH; h10am-5pm Mar-Nov), behind the castle. The Garrison Tapas Bar (www.thegarrison.co.im; 5 Castle St; tapas £7-8; h10am-4pm Mon, to 9pm Tue-Sat) brings Iberian flavour to a handsome 17th-century building in the town centre. The paella is fantastic and huge, so is best shared. Between Castletown and Cregneash, the Iron Age hill fort at **Chapel Hill** encloses a Viking ship burial site. On the southern tip of the island, the Cregneash Village Folk Museum (MH; admission £5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) recalls traditional Manx rural life. The **Calf of Man** , the small island just off Cregneash, is a bird sanctuary. Calf Island Cruises ( %01624-832339; adult/child £14/7; h10.15am, 11.30am & 1.30pm Apr-Oct, weather permitting) run between Port Erin and the island. #### Port Erin & Port St Mary Port Erin, another Victorian seaside resort, plays host to the small Railway Museum (Station Rd; adult/child £2/1; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct), which reveals the history of steam railway on the island. Port Erin has a good range of accommodation, as does Port St Mary, across the headland and linked by steam train. The Victorian Falcon's Nest Hotel ( %01624-834077; www.falconsnesthotel.co.uk; Station Rd, Port Erin; d from £80; W), once supremely elegant, is now just handsome in a nostalgic sort of way. The rooms aren't noteworthy, but the views over the water are superb. The slightly more splendid Victorian-style Aaron House ( %01624-835702; www.aaronhouse.co.uk; The Promenade, Port St Mary; s/d from £38/70) is a B&B that has fussed over every detail, from the gorgeous brass beds and claw-foot baths to the old-fashioned photographs on the walls. The sea views are also sensational. ### Peel & Around The west coast's most appealing town has a fine sandy beach, but its real attraction is the 11th-century Peel Castle (MH; admission £5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct), stunningly positioned atop St Patrick's Island and joined to Peel by a causeway. The House of Manannan (MH; admission £6; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) museum uses interactive displays to explain Manx history and its seafaring traditions. Three miles east of Peel is **Tynwald Hill** at St John's, where the annual parliamentary ceremony takes place on 5 July. Peel has several B&Bs, including the Fernleigh Hotel ( %01624-842435; www.isleofman-bedandbreakfast.com; Marine Pde; d from £72; hFeb-Nov), which has 12 decent bedrooms. For a better-than-average bite, head for the Creek Inn ( %01624-842216; www.thecreekinn.co.uk; East Quay; mains around £8, r from £35; h10am-11pm), opposite the House of Manannan, which serves Manx queenies (scallops served with white cheese sauce). # The Lake District & Cumbria #### Windermere & Around #### Troutbeck #### Ambleside & Around #### Grasmere #### Hawkshead & Around #### Coniston #### Elterwater & Great Langdale #### Wasdale #### Cockermouth #### Keswick #### Borrowdale #### Honister Pass #### Buttermere #### Ullswater & Around #### Kendal #### Around Kendal #### Carlisle #### Alston #### Penrith # The Lake District & Cumbria ### Why Go? 'No part of the country is more distinguished by its sublimity', mused the grand old bard of the lakes, William Wordsworth, and a couple of centuries on his words still ring true. In terms of natural splendour, nowhere in England can compare to the Lake District. For centuries, poets, painters and perambulators alike have been flocking here in search of inspiration and escape, and it's still the nation's favourite place to revel in the majesty of the English landscape. The main draw here is undoubtedly the Lake District National Park – England's largest, at 885 sq miles. Every bend in the road reveals more eye-popping views: deep valleys, plunging passes, glittering lakes, whitewashed inns, barren hills. But it's worth exploring beyond the national park's boundaries too: the old towns of Carlisle, Kendal and Penrith are full of historical interest, and Cumbria's coast has a windswept charm all of its own. ### When to Go The Lake District is the UK's most popular national park; visit in early spring and late autumn for the fewest crowds. Its weather is also notoriously fickle – showers can strike at any time of year, so bring wet-weather gear just in case. Cumbria's largest mountain festival is held in Keswick in mid-May, while the Beer Festival in June welcomes ale aficionados from across the globe. Ambleside's traditional sports day on the last Saturday in July features events such as hound trailing and Cumbrian wrestling; Grasmere's annual sports day takes place on the August Bank Holiday. In November, the world's greatest liars congregate on Santon Bridge for their annual fibbing contest. ### Best Traditional Inns ADrunken Duck AWasdale Head Inn APheasant Inn AMortal Man AKirkstile Inn ### Best Beauty Spots AWasdale ATarn Hows AGreat Langdale AButtermere ADerwentwater ## The Lake District & Cumbria Highlights 1 Conquering England's highest mountain, Scafell Pike. 2 Spotting the inspirations for Beatrix Potter's tales at Hill Top. 3 Cruising Coniston Water aboard the Steam Yacht Gondola. 4 Cycling the trails of Grizedale Forest. 5 Delving into the slate mines of Honister Pass. 6 Catching the miniature steam trains of La'al Ratty into Eskdale. 7 Visiting Wordsworth's houses, Dove Cottage and Rydal Mount. 8 Patrolling the battlements of Carlisle Castle. 9 Sampling world-famous gingerbread at Sarah Nelson's shop in Grasmere. History Neolithic settlers arrived in the Lake District around 5000 BC. The region was subsequently occupied by Celts, Angles, Vikings and Romans, and during the Dark Ages marked the centre of the ancient kingdom of Rheged. During the Middle Ages, Cumbria marked the start of the 'Debatable Lands', the wild frontier between England and Scotland. Bands of raiders known as Border Reivers regularly plundered the area, prompting the construction of defensive _pele_ towers and castles at Carlisle, Penrith and Kendal. The area became a centre for the Romantic movement during the 19th century, largely thanks to the Cumbrian-born poet William Wordsworth, who also championed the need to protect the Lake District's landscape from overdevelopment – a dream that was achieved in 1951, when the Lake District National Park was formed. The present-day county of Cumbria was formed from the neighbouring districts of Cumberland and Westmorland in 1974. 2Activities Cycling Cycling is a great way to explore the Lake District and Cumbria, as long as you don't mind the hills. For short mountain-bike rides, the trails of Grizedale Forest and Whinlatter Forest Park are very popular. Long-distance touring routes include the 70-mile **Cumbria Way** between Ulverston, Keswick and Carlisle; the 140-mile Sea To Sea Cycle Route (C2C; NCN 7; www.c2c-guide.co.uk), which begins in Whitehaven and cuts east across the northern Pennines to Newcastle; and the 173-mile Reivers Route (NCN 10; www.reivers-route.co.uk) from the River Tyne to Whitehaven. Several local buses (including bus 599 from Bowness to Grasmere, bus X33 from Ambleside to Ravenglass and the Cross Lakes Experience) have space for bikes. There's also the new summer-only bus 800 along Windermere's eastern shore, which can carry 12 bikes. It runs several times a day in July and August, plus on weekends in May and June. You pay the standard bus fare plus £1.50 for each bike. For more information see www.golakes.co.uk/travel/New-Bike-Bus.aspx. Walking For many people, hiking is the main reason for a visit to the Lake District. All tourist offices and bookshops sell maps and guidebooks, such as Collins' _Lakeland Fellranger_ and Ordnance Survey's _Pathfinder Guides_. Purists prefer Alfred Wainwright's seven-volume _Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells_ (1955–66) – part walking guides, part illustrated artworks, part philosophical memoirs, with painstakingly hand-penned maps and text. Maps are essential: the Ordnance Survey's 1:25,000 _Landranger_ maps are used by most official bodies, while some hikers prefer the Harvey _Superwalker_ 1:25,000 maps. Long-distance trails which pass through Cumbria include the 54-mile **Allerdale Ramble** from Seathwaite to the Solway Firth, the 70-mile **Cumbria Way** from Ulverston to Carlisle and the 191-mile **Coast to Coast** from St Bees to Robin Hood's Bay in Yorkshire. Door-to-door baggage services such as Coast to Coast Packhorse ( %017683-71777; www.c2cpackhorse.co.uk) or Sherpa Van ( %0871-520-0124; www.sherpavan.com) transport luggage from one destination to the next. Other Activities Cumbria is a haven for outdoor activities, including rock climbing, orienteering, horse riding, archery, fell (mountain) running and _ghyll_ (waterfall) scrambling. Contact the Holmescales Activity Centre ( %01539-722147; www.holmescales.com; Old Hutton, Kendal), Rookin House ( %017 684-83561; www.rookinhouse.co.uk; Troutbeck) or Keswick Adventure Centre ( %017687-75687; www.keswickadventurecentre.co.uk; Newlands). 8Getting There & Away Carlisle is on the main West Coast train line from London Euston to Manchester and Glasgow. To get to the Lake District, you need to change at Oxenholme for Kendal and Windermere. The lines around the Cumbrian coast and between Settle and Carlisle are particularly scenic. National Express coaches run direct from London Victoria and Glasgow to Windermere, Carlisle and Kendal. 8Getting Around Traveline ( %0871-200 22 33; www.travelinenortheast.info) provides comprehensive travel information. Bus timetables are available from tourist offices. There are round-the-lake ferry services on Windermere, Coniston Water, Ullswater and Derwentwater. Windermere also has a ferry service. Traffic can be heavy during peak season and holiday weekends. Many Cumbrian towns use timed parking permits for on-street parking, which you can pick up free from local shops and tourist offices. The main bus operator is **Stagecoach** (www.stagecoachbus.com). Services on most routes are reduced in winter. You can download timetables from the Stagecoach website or the Cumbria County Council website. A **Bus 505 (Coniston Rambler)** Kendal, Windermere, Ambleside and Coniston. A **Bus 555 (Lakeslink)** Lancaster to Keswick, stopping at all the main towns including Windermere and Ambleside. A **Bus X4/X5** Penrith to Workington via Troutbeck, Keswick and Cockermouth. Travel Passes Several travel passes are available in Cumbria. A **Central Lakes Dayrider** (adult/child/family £8/6/20) This pass covers buses around Bowness, Ambleside, Grasmere, Langdale and Coniston; it includes buses 599, 505 and 516. A **Cumbria Day Ranger** (adult/child £40.50/20.25) This provides one day's train travel in Cumbria and parts of Lancashire, North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Dumfries and Galloway. A **Keswick & Honister Dayrider** (adult/child/family £8/6/20) Buses from Keswick through Borrowdale, Buttermere, Lorton and the Whinlatter Forest Park. A **Lakes Day Ranger** (adult/child/family £21.50/11.75/42) The best-value ticket, allowing one day's unlimited travel on trains and buses. It also includes a boat cruise on Windermere, 10% discount on the steam railways and 20% discount on the Coniston Launch, Keswick Launch and Ullswater Steamers. A **North West Explorer** (adult/child/family £10.50/7.50/25) Includes one day's travel in Cumbria and Lancashire, and cross-border services to/from Dumfries. The £30 Group ticket can be used by five adults. ## The Lake District The Lake District (or Lakeland, as it's often known round these parts) is by far and away the UK's most popular national park. Every year, some 15 million people pitch up to explore the region's fells and countryside, and it's not hard to see why. Ever since the Romantic poets arrived in the 19th century, its postcard panorama of craggy hilltops, mountain tarns and glittering lakes has been stirring the imaginations of visitors. It's awash with outdoor opportunities, from lake cruises to mountain walks, but many people visit for the region's literary connections; William Wordsworth, Beatrix Potter, Arthur Ransome and John Ruskin all found inspiration here. 8Information The national park's main visitor centre is at Brockhole, just outside Windermere, and there are tourist offices in Windermere, Bowness, Ambleside, Keswick, Coniston and Carlisle. All have information on local sights, activities, accommodation and public transport, and can help with accommodation bookings. ### Windermere & Around Pop 5423 Stretching for 10.5 miles between Ambleside and Newby Bridge, Windermere isn't just the queen of Lake District lakes – it's also the largest body of water anywhere in England, closer in stature to a Scottish loch. It's been a centre for tourism since the first trains chugged into town in 1847, and it's still one of the national park's busiest spots. Confusingly, the town of Windermere is split in two: Bowness-on-Windermere (usually shortened to Bowness) sits on the lake's eastern shore, while Windermere Town is actually 1.5 miles inland, at the top of a steep hill called Lake Road. Bowness is a bustling tourist town, with a gaggle of teashops, ice-cream stalls, restaurants and souvenir shops that make it feel more like an old-fashioned British seaside resort. Windermere Town is home to a busy high street and orderly ranks of Victorian- and Edwardian-era villas, as well as the town's bus and train stations. Accommodation (and parking) can be hard to come by during holidays and busy periods, so plan accordingly. Windermere Town 4Sleeping 11 Park RoadC3 2ArchwayB1 3Lake District Backpackers LodgeB1 4Rum DoodleB4 5The BoundaryB4 6Wheatlands LodgeB2 5Eating 7HookedB2 8Lazy Daisy's Lakeland KitchenC2 9LighthouseC1 10Mojo's BistroC1 1Sights Windermere's four main attractions – the Lakeland Motor Museum, Lakeside Haverthwaite Railway, Lakes Aquarium and Windermere Lake Cruises – offer combination tickets. Savings depend on which attractions you want to combine: as an example, a ticket including a cruise from Bowness, a return trip on the railway, admission to the Lakeland Motor Museum and a bus back to Bowness costs adult/child/family £21/12.65/58.35. Tickets can be bought at any of the four sights. World of Beatrix PotterMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hop-skip-jump.com; Crag Brow, Bowness-on-Windermere; adult/child £6.95/3.65; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) This themed attraction brings to life various scenes from Beatrix Potter's books, including Peter Rabbit's garden, Mr McGregor's greenhouse, Mrs Tiggywinkle's kitchen, Jemima Puddle-Duck's glade (there's even a themed tearoom). It's squarely aimed at kids, but adult Potter fans might enjoy indulging their inner child. Be prepared for queues (and lots of Japanese tourists) during holiday times. Blackwell HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (www.blackwell.org.uk; adult/child under 16yr £7.25/free; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Feb-Mar, Nov & Dec) Two miles south of Bowness on the B5360, Blackwell House is a glorious example of the 19th-century Arts and Crafts Movement, which championed the importance of handmade goods and craftsmanship over the mass-produced mentality of the Industrial Revolution. Designed by Mackay Hugh Baillie Scott for a wealthy brewer, the house has many hallmarks of Arts and Crafts design: light, airy rooms, detailed decor and bespoke craftwork (including wood panelling, stained glass and Delft tiles). Of note are the huge wood-panelled Great Hall and the serene White Drawing Room. The cafe has brilliant views over Windermere. Fell Foot ParkGARDENS (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fell-foot-park; h8am-8pm Apr-Sep, 9am-5pm Oct-Mar) F Located at the southern end of Windermere, 7 miles south of Bowness, this 7-hectare lakeside estate originally belonged to a manor house. It's now owned by the National Trust, and its shoreline paths and grassy lawns are ideal for a sunny-day picnic. The small cafe is open 10am to 5pm, and rowing boats are available for hire. Lakes AquariumAQUARIUM ( %015395-30153; www.lakesaquarium.co.uk; Lakeside; adult/child £6.95/4.95; h9am-6pm Apr-Oct) At the southern end of the lake near Newby Bridge, this aquarium explores a range of underwater habitats from tropical Africa through to Morecambe Bay. Windermere Lake Cruises and the Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway stop right beside the aquarium, or you could catch bus 618 from Bowness. Discounts for tickets purchased online. Lakeland Motor MuseumMUSEUM (www.lakelandmotormuseum.co.uk; Backbarrow; adult/child £8/5; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) In a purpose-built new home 2 miles south of Newby Bridge, this car museum houses a wonderful collection of antique cars: classic (Minis, Austin Healeys, MGs), sporty (DeLoreans, Audi Quattros, Aston Martins) and plain odd (Scootacars, Amphicars). The museum is on the A590 from Newby Bridge towards Kendal. Bus X35 (hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) from Newby Bridge to Ulverston and Kendal stops nearby. A separate building explores Donald and Malcolm Campbell's record attempts on Coniston Water, with replicas of the 1935 Bluebird car and 1967 boat, _Bluebird K7_. Lakeside & Haverthwaite RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %015395-31594; www.lakesiderailway.co.uk; adult/child/family return £6.50/3.25/18; hmid-Mar–Oct) Originally built to carry ore and timber to the ports at Ulverston and Barrow, these vintage steam trains puff their way between Haverthwaite, near Ulverston, to Newby Bridge and Lakeside. There are five to seven trains a day, timed to correspond with the Windermere cruise boats. #### WORTH A TRIP ### WRAY CASTLE & CLAIFE HEIGHTS Windermere's quieter west side is a good place to escape the crowds. North of the ferry landings at Ferry House, a network of woodland paths winds across **Claife Heights** , while the nearby National Trust–owned estate of Wray Castle (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wray-castle; adult/child £7.20/3.60; h10am-5pm) encompasses 25 hectares of lakeside grounds and a turreted 19th-century mansion, once used as a holiday home by Beatrix Potter's family. #### DON'T MISS ### WINDERMERE & THE ISLANDS Like many places in Cumbria, Windermere gets its name from the old Norse, Vinandr mere, or Vinandr's lake (so Lake Windermere is actually a tautology). Encompassing 5.7 sq miles between Ambleside and Newby Bridge, the lake is a mile wide at its broadest point, with a maximum depth of about 220m. The lake's shoreline is owned by a combination of private landholders, the National Park Authority and the National Trust, but the lake bed itself (and thus the lake itself) officially belongs to the people of Windermere (local philanthropist Henry Leigh Groves purchased it on their behalf in 1938). There are 18 islands on Windermere: the largest is **Belle Isle** , encompassing 16 hectares and an 18th-century Italianate mansion, while the smallest is **Maiden Holme** , little more than a patch of soil and a solitary tree. From April to October, rowing boats can be hired for £12. Motorboats cost from £18 to £22 for two adults per hour; children under 16 go free. There's a 10mph speed limit. 2Activities Windermere Lake CruisesBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015395-31188; www.windermere-lakecruises.co.uk; tickets from £2.70) Since the launch of the first passenger ferry in 1845, cruising has been an essential part of every Windermere itinerary. Some of the vessels are modern, but there are a couple of period beauties dating back to the 1930s. All cruises allow you to disembark as you please and catch a later ferry back. There are various colour-coded cruise options available. The **Freedom of the Lake** ticket (adult/child/family £18.50/9.25/50) remains valid all day, and allows unlimited travel on all routes. The **Blue Cruise** (adult/child/family £7.50/3.80/20) is a 45-minute circular cruise around Windermere's shoreline and islands. The north-lake **Red Cruise** (adult/child/family £10/6/29) goes from Bowness to Ambleside, while the south-lake **Yellow Cruise** (adult/child/family £10.50/6.30/30) heads down to Lakeside and the Lakes Aquarium. Running in summer only, the **Green Cruise** (adult/child/family £7.50/3.80/20) takes in Waterhead/Ambleside via Wray Castle and Brockhole Visitor Centre. For a quick cross-lake dash, the **Bowness to Ferry House** (adult/child/family £2.70/1.60/7.60) service links up with buses to Hill Top and Hawkshead. Seasonal twilight cruises are also available. If you're visiting other local attractions such as the Lakeland Motor Museum and the Lakes Aquarium, look out for combination tickets. 4Sleeping Windermere's popularity means accommodation is pricier than elsewhere. ArchwayB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-45613; www.the-archway.com; 13 College Rd, Windermere Town; d £50-86) Value is the name of the game here: this place is a no-nonsense, old-fashioned, home-away-from-home. Some of the rooms have fell views, and the breakfast is enormous, but there's no parking. Lake District Backpackers LodgeHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-46374; www.lakedistrictbackpackers.co.uk; High St, Windermere Town; dm £16, r £36; i) Not the fanciest hostel in the Lake District, but these Windermere digs are about the only option in town for backpackers. There are two small four-bed dorms, plus two private rooms with a double bed and a single bed above. The BoundaryB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-48978; www.theboundaryonline.co.uk; Lake Rd, Windermere Town; d £100-191; p W) Not the cheapest sleep in Windermere, but definitely one of the swishest. Owners Steve and Helen have given this Victorian house a sleek, boutique makeover: chic decor, monochrome colours, retro furniture and all. Steve's a cricket obsessive, so all the rooms are named after famous batsmen. Rum DoodleB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-45967; www.rumdoodlewindermere.com; Sunny Bank Rd, Windermere Town; d £85-119; p W) Forget boutique B&B: this little place is all about quirky English style. Each of the nine rooms is named after an explorer with corresponding decorative twist: Jungle has old suitcases and giant map, Wish has a four-poster and faux-bookcase wallpaper, while Summit and Burley hunker under attic eaves. There's a two-night minimum in summer. Wheatlands LodgeB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-43789; www.wheatlandslodge-windermere.co.uk; Old College Lane; d £80-170; p W) Between Bowness and Windermere, this detached house looks Victorian, but the eight rooms are nice and modern. They're split into three categories (Comfortable, Deluxe and Master); extra money buys more space and luxury spa baths. Breakfast is a high point, with home-made muesli, local bacon and sausages, plus smoked salmon from Loch Ewe. 1 Park RoadB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.1parkroad.com; 1 Park Rd, Windermere Town; d £76-104; p W) It's the little treats that keep this cosy guesthouse a cut above: bath goodies from Pure Lakes and The White Company, iPod docks in every room, and home-made baked beans and marmalade for breakfast. Rooms are comfortable, and the rates stay reasonable year-round – a rarity in Windermere. CranleighHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-43293; www.thecranleigh.com; Kendal Rd, Bowness-on-Windermere; d £109-189, ste £220-425; p W) This guesthouse has gone all-out on the decor, but strip away the snazziness and it's still just a B&B. It's worth bumping up to the Superior for the spacious bathrooms, or maybe blowing the budget on one of the two over-the-top suites (check out the Sanctuary, complete with Bose stereo, glass bath and picture-fireplace). The SamlingHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-31922; www.thesamlinghotel.co.uk; Ambleside Rd; r £220-670) If money's no object, this deluxe country house is the choice. The chic rooms and cottages are classically styled, and feature luxury touches such as split-level mezzanines, rain showers and private lounges. Its restaurant has recently scooped a Michelin star, too. Early bookings score a substantial discount. The hotel is 3 miles northwest of Windermere Town, off the A591. ### THE CROSS LAKES EXPERIENCE The Cross Lakes Experience (http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/planyourvisit/travelandtransport/crosslakes; hApr-Nov) is a boat, bus and minibus service that enables car-free travel from Windermere to Coniston. Tickets include travel on the Windermere Ferry from Bowness to Ferry House, from where buses run to Hill Top, Hawkshead, Grizedale and Coniston. For info, timetables and tickets, contact Mountain Goat ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-45161; www.mountain-goat.com; Victoria Rd, Windermere) or local tourist offices. A return from Bowness to Coniston costs adult/child £20.20/11.90. Single fares for adult/child: AFerry House (£2.70/1.60) AHill Top (£5.65/3.25) AHawkshead (£6.70/3.70) AConiston (£12.05/6.85) 5Eating Lazy Daisy's Lakeland KitchenCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-43877; 31-33 Crescent Rd, Windermere Town; lunch £4-10, dinner £10-16; h10am-9pm Mon-Sat ) Filling comfort food is the order of the day at this trad cafe: the cakes and giant Yorkshire puddings are a highlight. LighthouseCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Main Rd, Windermere Town; mains £8-15; h8.30am-5.30pm) This three-storey cafe downhill from the station offers a continental-style menu, quality coffee and fresh-baked pastries. HookedSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-48443; www.hookedwindermere.co.uk; Ellerthwaite Sq, Windermere Town; mains £16.95-19.95; h5.30-10.30pm Tue-Sun) This seafood restaurant in Windermere Town has a loyal following. Fish arrives daily from the Fleetwood docks, and chef Paul White dabbles in everything from fish classics to fusion concoctions: _moules marinières_ (mussels in white wine) to start, perhaps, then a whole Thai-spiced sea bass or king scallops with pea purée and black pudding. The only drawback is the limited space: bookings essential. Brown Horse InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-43443; www.thebrownhorseinn.co.uk; Winster; mains £11.95-17.95; hlunch noon-2pm, dinner 6-9pm) Three miles from Windermere in Winster, the Brown Horse is one of Windermere's top dining pubs. Produce is sourced from the Brown Horse Estate, furnishing the chefs with meat and game such as venison, spring lamb and roast pigeon. Beams and fireplaces conjure rustic atmosphere, and there are two home-brewed ales on tap (Old School and Best Bitter). Worth the drive. WatermillPUB ( %01539-821309; www.watermillinn.co.uk; Ings; mains £12-20; h11am-11pm Mon-Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) Two miles from Windermere in Ings, this resolutely traditional inn is exactly what you'd expect from a Cumbrian pub – beamed ceilings, whitewashed walls, log fires, hand-pumps and all. Throw in good food and a choice of 16 ales – including home-brewed Collie Wobbles – and it's no wonder it's scooped lots of local awards. Mason's ArmsPUB ( %015395-68486; www.masonsarmsstrawberrybank.co.uk; Winster; mains £13-20) Three miles east of the lake near Bowlands Bridge, the marvellous Mason's Arms is a local secret. The rafters, flagstones and cast-iron range haven't changed in centuries, and the patio has to-die-for views across fields and fells. In short, a cracker. Mojo's BistroBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-449540; www.mojosbistro.co.uk; 4 High St, Windermere Town; 2-/3-course menu £13.95/17.95; h6-9pm Mon-Sat) Quality bistro-style food and a handy High St location make Mojo's a winner. The menu is largely old British classics: bangers-and-mash, beef-and-ale cobbler, chargrilled chicken with mushroom sauce. Angel InnGASTROPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-44080; www.the-angelinn.com; Helm Rd, Bowness-on-Windermere; mains £10.95-16.50; h11.30am-4pm & 5-9pm) Bowness' gastropub is on a hummock behind the shoreline. Settle into a sofa and order a sharing platter, or go upmarket with a paupiette of plaice. The front lawn is the spot when the sun shines. PostilionBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-45852; www.postilionrestaurant.co.uk; Ash St, Bowness-on-Windermere; mains £12-16, set menu £18.95; h6-10pm) Reliable bistro tucked away off Ash St with a French-Mediterranean menu. 6Drinking & Nightlife Hole in T' WallPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Falbarrow Rd, Bowness-on-Windermere; h11am-11pm) Bowness' best-loved boozer is also the town's oldest, dating back to 1612, and offering lashings of rough-beamed, low-ceilinged atmosphere. Hawkshead BreweryBREWERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01539-822644; www.hawksheadbrewery.co.uk; Mill Yard, Staveley) This craft brewery has its own brewhall in Staveley, 3 miles east of Windermere. Core beers include Hawkshead Bitter, dark Brodie's Prime and fruity Red. Guided tours can be arranged in advance. 8Information Bowness Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-42895; bownesstic@lake-district.gov.uk; Glebe Rd, Bowness-on-Windermere; h9.30am-5.30pm Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Easter) Beside the lake jetties. Brockhole National Park Visitor CentreTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-46601; www.lake-district.gov.uk; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Easter) In a 19th-century mansion 3 miles north of Windermere on the A591, this is the Lake District's flagship visitor centre, and also has a teashop, an adventure playground and gardens. Windermere Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-46499; windermeretic@southlakeland.gov.uk; Victoria St, Windermere Town; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 9.30am-5.30pm Sun Apr-Oct, shorter hrs winter) Opposite Natwest bank. 8Getting There & Away Boat The Windermere Ferry ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; car/bike/pedestrian £4.30/1/50p; h6.50am-9.50pm Mon-Fri, 9.10am-9.50pm Sat & Sun Mar-Oct, to 8.50pm winter) carries vehicles and pedestrians from Ferry Nab, just south of Bowness, across to Ferry House on the lake's west side. There's a ferry roughly every 20 minutes, although queues can be horrendous in summer. You can also take lake cruises. Bus There's one daily National Express coach from London (£31.50, eight hours) via Lancaster and Kendal. Combo tickets include a day's bus travel and one boat journey: the Central Lakes version costs adult/child/family £12/8/32, or there's an Explorer version for £15/11/36. A **Bus 505** Coniston Rambler (hourly including Sundays) Travels from Windermere to Coniston (£4, 50 minutes) via Troutbeck, Brockhole, Ambleside, Skelwith Fold, Hawkshead and Hawkshead Hill. Two buses a day serve Kendal. A **Bus 555/556 Lakeslink** (at least hourly including Sundays) Starts at the train station, stopping at Troutbeck Bridge (five minutes), Brockhole Visitor Centre (seven minutes), Ambleside (£6.30, 15 minutes), Grasmere (£6.80, 30 minutes) and Keswick (£8.55, one hour). In the opposite direction it continues to Kendal (£9.30, 25 minutes) and Lancaster (one hour 40 minutes). A **Bus 599 Lakes Rider** (£4 to £6, three times hourly including weekends) Open-top bus between Bowness, Troutbeck, Brockhole, Rydal Church (for Rydal Mount), Dove Cottage and Grasmere. Some buses stop at Windermere train station. Train Windermere is the only town inside the national park accessible by train. It's on the branch line to Kendal and Oxenholme. A **Destination // One-Way Fare (£) // Duration (hr)** Edinburgh // 59.10 // 2½ Glasgow // 51.50 // 2¼-2¾r Kendal // 4.50 // ¼ Lancaster // 13.50 // ¾ London Euston // 99 // 3½ Manchester Piccadilly // 22.70 // 1½ ### Troutbeck Nestled among the fells to the north of Windermere, on the road towards Kirkstone Pass, this rural hamlet feels a world away from the Bowness bustle, with wonderful views over Windermere. 1Sights TownendHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01539-432628; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/townend; adult/child £5.25/2.60; h1-5pm Wed-Sun Mar-Oct, daily school holidays) The historic farmhouse at Townend contains a collection of vintage farming tools and furniture that belonged to the Browne family, who owned the house until 1943. Public visiting hours are from 1pm to 5pm, but you can join hourly guided tours from 11am to 1pm. 4Sleeping & Eating Windermere YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9352; www.yha.org.uk/hostel/windermere; Bridge Lane; dm £15, r £29; hreception 7.30-11.30am & 1-11pm; p i) Downhill from Troutbeck village is the Windermere YHA, the closest YHA to Windermere. The rooms are modern, and facilities include a well-stocked shop, canteen and gear-drying room. Buses stop about a mile downhill from the village, at the river crossing of Troutbeck Bridge. oMortal ManPUB ( %015394-33193; www.themortalmaninn.co.uk; mains £8.95-14.95, r £85-130; p #) Troutbeck has a couple of excellent pubs; top of the heap is the 17th-century Mortal Man, which has a lovely beer garden offering panoramic fell and lake views. 8Getting There & Away Bus 508 from Windermere costs £3.20. #### DON'T MISS ### FIVE CLASSIC LAKELAND HIKES The Lake District's most famous fell-walker, the accountant-turned-author Alfred Wainwright, recorded 214 official fells in his seven-volume _Pictorial Guides_ (as if that weren't enough, he usually outlined at least two possible routes to the top, or in the case of Scafell Pike, five). If you only have limited time, here are five hikes which offer a flavour of what makes fell-walking in the Lake District so special. **Scafell Pike** (978m) The daddy of Lakeland hikes, a six- to seven-hour slog to the top of England's highest peak. The classic route is from Wasdale Head. **Helvellyn** (950m) Not for the faint-hearted; a vertiginous scramble along the knife-edge ridge of Striding Edge. It takes at least six hours starting from Glenridding or Patterdale. **Blencathra** (868m) A mountain on its own, Blencathra offers a panoramic outlook on Keswick and the northern fells. Count on four hours from Threlkeld. **Haystacks** (597m) Wainwright's favourite mountain, and the place where his ashes were scattered. It's a steep three-hour return hike from Buttermere village. **Catbells** (451m) The fell for everyone, accessible to six-year-olds and septuagenarians. It's on the west side of Derwentwater, and takes a couple of hours to climb. ### Ambleside & Around Pop 2529 Once a busy mill and textile centre at Windermere's northern tip, Ambleside is an attractive little town, built from the same slate and stern grey stone that's so characteristic of the rest of Lakeland. Ringed by fells, it's a favourite base for hikers, with a cluster of outdoors shops and plenty of cosy pubs and cafes providing fuel for their adventures. 1Sights & Activities Bridge HouseHISTORIC BUILDING The town's best-known landmark is Bridge House, a tiny cottage that spans the clattering brook of Stock Ghyll; now occupied by a National Trust shop, it's thought to have originally been built as an apple store. Armitt MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.armitt.com; Rydal Rd; adult £2.50; h10am-5pm) Ambleside's excellent little museum hosts some intriguing seasonal exhibitions alongside its core collection, populated with artefacts relating to important Lakeland characters such as Beatrix Potter, National Trust founder Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley and pioneering photographers Herbert Bell and the Abraham Brothers. There are also original canvases by the modernist artist Kurt Schwitters, a German refugee who settled in Ambleside after WWII. oRydal MountHISTORIC BUILDING (www.rydalmount.co.uk; adult/child £7/3; h9.30am-5pm Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Wed-Mon Nov, Dec & Feb) The poet William Wordsworth's most famous residence in the Lake District is Dove Cottage, but he actually spent a great deal more time at Rydal Mount, a much grander house halfway between Ambleside and Grasmere. This was the Wordsworth family's home from 1813 until the poet's death in 1850, and the house contains a treasure trove of Wordsworth memorabilia. The house is 1.5 miles northwest of Ambleside, off the A591. Bus 555 (and bus 599 from April to October) stops at the end of the drive. Downstairs you can wander around the library, dining room and drawing room (look out in the cabinets for William's pen, inkstand and picnic box, and a famous portrait of the poet by the American painter Henry Inman hanging above the fireplace). Upstairs are the family bedrooms and Wordsworth's attic study, containing his encyclopedia and a sword belonging to his brother John, who was lost in a shipwreck in 1805. Below the house is Dora's Field, which Wordsworth planted with daffodils in memory of his eldest daughter, who died from tuberculosis in 1847. Stock Ghyll ForceWALKING Ambleside's most popular walk is the half-hour stroll up to the 18m waterfall of Stock Ghyll Force; the trail is signposted behind the old Market Hall at the bottom of Stock Ghyll Lane. If you feel energetic, you can follow the trail beyond the falls up **Wansfell Pike** (482m), a reasonably steep walk of about two hours. Low Wood WatersportsBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-39441; www.englishlakes.co.uk/watersports; Low Bay Marina) This water-sports centre offers water-skiing, sailing and kayaking, and has rowboats and motorboats for hire. ### NATIONAL TRUST CAMPSITE BOOKINGS The National Trust has four fantastic campsites in the Lake District at **Low Wray** near Ambleside, **Hoathwaite** near Coniston, **Wasdale** and **Great Langdale**. National Trust Lake District Campsite BookingsACCOMMODATION SERVICES ( %01539-432733; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/holidays/camping/camping-in-the-lake-district; h10am-3pm Mon-Fri) This centralised service handles reservations for all NT campsites in the Lake District. Bookings can be made up to 24 hours before arrival. There's a fee of £5 for booking online, or £7.50 by telephone and email, and stays must be for a minimum of two nights. 4Sleeping Ambleside YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9620; ambleside@yha.org.uk; Windermere Rd; dm £20-23; p W) One of the YHA's flagship Lake District hostels, this huge lakeside house is a fave for activity holidays (everything from kayaking to _ghyll_ scrambling). Great facilities (kitchen, bike rental, boat jetty and bar) mean it's heavily subscribed, so book well ahead. Families can book out dorms as private rooms. The hostel is halfway between Ambleside and Windermere on Lake Rd (the A591). Ambleside BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32340; www.amblesidehostel.co.uk; Old Lake Rd; dm £21-25; p i) Independent cottage hostel a short walk south from Ambleside's centre. Low WrayCAMPSITE (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %bookings 015394-63862; www.ntlakescampsites.org.uk; 2 adults & tent £14.50-19, eco-pods £35-55; hcampsite arrivals 3-7pm Sat-Thu, to 9pm Fri Mar-Oct) Lakeside camping courtesy of the National Trust. It's 3 miles from town along the B5286, near the Wray Castle estate; bus 505 stops nearby. Yurts and tepees also available. Regent HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32254; www.regentlakes.co.uk; Waterhead Bay; d £89-159; p W) This attractive hotel has a near-the-lake location, but for once doesn't charge sky-high prices. The rooms offer different settings: some have balconies overlooking the garden, others have bunks for the kids or walk-in wet rooms, and a few sneak in views over Windermere. The top-floor Sail Loft has its own private deck terrace. Lakes LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-33240; www.lakeslodge.co.uk; Lake Rd; r £99-129; p W) This modish mini-hotel offers a touch more luxury than Ambleside's other guesthouses. The 16 rooms are all about clean lines, stark walls and zero clutter, and most have a full-size wall mural featuring a local beauty spot. Some are in the main building, while others are in an attached annexe. The GablesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-33272; www.thegables-ambleside.co.uk; Church Walk; s £45-50, d £90-120; p W) One of the best value of Ambleside's B&Bs, in a quiet spot overlooking the recreation ground. Spotty cushions and colourful prints keep things cheery, but room sizes are variable (in this instance, bigger is definitely better). Guests receive discounts at the owner's restaurant, Sheila's Cottage. Compston House HotelB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32305; www.compstonhouse.co.uk; Compston Rd; s from £45, d from £65; W) Americans will feel right at home here: the owners are expat New Yorkers, and all the rooms are themed after a different state: sunny Hawaii, bright Florida, maritime Maine. Breakfast includes blueberry muffins and maple pancakes. There's a three-night minimum in season. Waterhead HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08458-504503; www.englishlakes.co.uk; r £135-215; p W #) Ambleside's main hotel has a super position beside the lakeshore. The exterior is classic Lakeland, all solid stone and bay windows, but inside it's very much a modern hotel, with spacious rooms stocked with heritage furniture and designer fabrics, and a sophisticated restaurant, the Mountain View. Cote HowB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32765; www.bedbreakfastlakedistrict.com; Rydal; d £150-180; p W) S In Rydal, 1.5 miles from Ambleside, this detached house is all about the good life. Food is 100% local and organic, power's sourced from an eco-supplier, and there's a discount for nondrivers. The three rooms are olde Edwardian, with cast-iron beds, roll-top baths and fireplaces (ex-president Woodrow Wilson once visited the Rydal Suite). Two-night minimum at weekends. 5Eating Zeffirelli'sITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-33845; www.zeffirellis.com; Compston Rd; pizzas & mains £8-12; h11am-10pm) A beloved local landmark, Zeff's is often packed out for its quality pizza and pasta. The £19.75 Double Feature deal includes two courses and a ticket to the cinema next door. Lucy 4TAPAS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 St Mary's Lane; tapas £4-10; h5-10.30pm Mon-Fri, noon-10.30pm Sat & Sun) A cosy wine-bar that also does good tapas. Apple PieCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Rydal Rd; lunches £4-10; h9am-5.30pm) Sunny cafe popular for its sandwiches, buns and hearty pies. AtelierBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-31156; www.atelier-ambleside.co.uk; Kelsick Rd; mains £11.95-20.95; h6.30-10pm Thu-Sat) Sometimes, simplicity is strength. This small street-corner bistro specialises in fresh, zesty Mediterranean flavours, served in an intimate modern dining room, characterised by framed prints and Arne Jacobsen–style chairs. Dishes are classic but accomplished: eg Barbary duck with sautéed potatoes, or balsamic-marinated Lakeland lamb. Fellini'sVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32487; www.fellinisambleside.com; Church St; mains £11.95; h5.30-10pm; v) Fear not, veggies: even in the land of the Cumberland sausage and the tattie hotpot, you won't go hungry thanks to Fellini's sophisticated 'vegeterranean' food. It's run by Zeffirelli's owners; a small upstairs cinema shows art-house and opera performances. Glass HouseMEDITERRANEAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32137; www.theglasshouserestaurant.co.uk; Rydal Rd; mains £10.25-14.75; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-10pm) Classy dining in a converted fulling mill (with original mill wheels and machinery still in place). It's known for its accomplished French-inspired food, so expect plenty of rich flavours underpinned by Lakeland ingredients. 6Drinking & Entertainment Ambleside has plenty of pubs: locals favour the Golden Rule ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Smithy Brow) for its ale selection, while the Royal Oak ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Market Pl) packs in the post-hike punters. Zeffirelli's CinemaCINEMA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-33100; Compston Rd) Ambleside's two-screen Zeffirelli's Cinema is next to Zeffirelli's, with extra screens in a converted church down the road. 7Shopping Gaynor SportsOUTDOOR EQUIPMENT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01524-734938; www.gaynors.co.uk; Market Cross) Compston Rd has enough equipment shops to launch an assault on Everest. The largest is Gaynor Sports, with three floors of outdoor gear. 8Information HubTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-32582; tic@thehubofambleside.com; Central Bldgs, Market Cross; h9am-5pm) The tourist office and the post office are both here. 8Getting There & Around Bicycle Bikes and gear can be hired from Biketreks ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-31505; www.biketreks.net; Rydal Rd; per day £20) and Ghyllside Cycles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-33592; www.ghyllside.co.uk; The Slack; per day £18). Bus A **Bus 505** to Hawkshead and Coniston (£4, hourly including Sundays). A **Bus 516** to Elterwater and Langdale (£3.60, seven daily). A **Bus 555** to Grasmere and Windermere (£6.30, at least hourly including Sundays). #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### TOP LAKE DISTRICT CAMPSITES In addition to the four excellent campsites run by the National Trust (near Ambleside, Great Langdale, Wasdale and Coniston), there are more great places to sleep under the stars. The Quiet SiteCAMPSITE ( %07768-727016; www.thequietsite.co.uk; sites £18-30, pods £50; hyear-round; W) Eco-camping on the fells above Ullswater, with pre-erected tents and eco-pods available. Syke FarmCAMPSITE ( %01768-770222; adult/child £7/3.50; hEaster-Oct) Back-to-basics camping beside the river in Buttermere. Fresh milk and homemade ice cream are sold at the farm shop. Bowkerstead FarmCAMPSITE ( %01229-860208; www.grizedale-camping.co.uk; Satterthwaite; adult/child £7/3, camping pods £30; hApr-Sep) Pitch beside the trees of Grizedale Forest, either in your own tent, a luxury yurt or a timber eco-pod. Seatoller FarmCAMPSITE ( %017687-77232; www.seatollerfarm.co.uk; adult/child £6/3; hEaster-Oct) A tucked-away site on a 500-year-old farm near Seatoller in Borrowdale, with a choice of riverside or woodland pitches. Fisherground FarmCAMPSITE ( %019467-23349; www.fishergroundcampsite.co.uk; adult/child £6.50/3.50, car £2.50; hMar-Oct) Family-friendly camping in idyllic Eskdale, handy for the Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway. ### Grasmere Pop 1458 Even without its connections to the Romantic poets, gorgeous Grasmere would still be one of the Lakes' biggest draws. It's one of the prettiest of the Lakeland hamlets, huddled at the edge of an island-studded lake surrounded by woods, pastures and slate-coloured hills, but most of the thousands of trippers come in search of its famous former resident, the poet William Wordsworth, who set up home at nearby Dove Cottage in 1799. With such a rich literary heritage, Grasmere unsurprisingly gets busy. 1Sights oDove CottageHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35544; www.wordsworth.org.uk; adult/child £7.50/4.50; h9.30am-5.30pm) On the edge of Grasmere, this tiny, creeper-clad cottage (formerly a pub called the Dove & Olive Bough) was famously inhabited by William Wordsworth between 1799 and 1808. The cottage's cramped rooms are full of artefacts: try to spot the poet's passport, a pair of his spectacles and a portrait of his favourite dog Pepper, given to him by Sir Walter Scott. Entry is by timed ticket to avoid overcrowding, and includes an informative guided tour. Wordsworth lived here happily with his sister Dorothy, wife Mary and three children John, Dora and Thomas until 1808, when the family moved to another nearby house at Allen Bank, and the cottage was rented by Thomas de Quincey (author of _Confessions of an English Opium Eater_ ). Tickets also include admission to the **Wordsworth Museum & Art Gallery** next door, which houses one of the nation's main collections relating to the Romantic movement – including many original manuscripts and some creepy death masks of some famous Romantic figures. St Oswald's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church Stile) In the churchyard of this tiny chapel in the centre of Grasmere are the Wordsworths' family graves: look out for tombstones belonging to William, Mary, Dorothy and all three children. Samuel Taylor Coleridge's son Hartley is also buried here. Grasmere Lake & Rydal WaterLAKE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) Quiet paths lead along the shorelines of Grasmere's twin-set lakes. Rowing boats can be hired at the northern end of Grasmere Lake from the Faeryland Tea Garden ( h10.30am-4pm), a five-minute walk from the village centre. 2Activities Popular hikes starting from Grasmere include **Helm Crag** (405m), often known as the 'Lion and the Lamb', thanks to its distinctive shape, Silver Howe (394m), **Loughrigg Fell** (335m) and the multipeak circuit known as the **Easedale Round** (five to six hours, 8.5 to 9 miles). A less taxing option is to follow the **Old Coffin Trail** between Grasmere and Rydal Mount, which was once used by pallbearers carrying coffins to St Oswald's Church. The trail begins near Dove Cottage. 4Sleeping Butharlyp How YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9319; www.yha.org.uk; Easedale Rd; dm £18-21; hreception 7am-10pm daily Feb-Nov, Sat & Sun Dec & Jan; p i) Grasmere's YHA is in a large Victorian house set among grassy grounds. There's a good range of different-sized dorms and an unusually good cafe-bar. Grasmere HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35055; www.grasmerehostel.co.uk; Broadrayne Farm; dm £20-22; p i) This independent hostel is in a converted farmhouse on the A591, near the Traveller's Rest pub. There are two kitchens, and each dorm has its own en suite bathroom. There's even a Nordic sauna. Thorney HowHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35597; www.thorneyhow.co.uk; Easedale Rd; dm £21-5) Now independent, this former YHA is in a Grade II–listed farmhouse off Easedale Rd, 15 minutes' walk from Grasmere. Accommodation is in six- to 10-bed dorms, and it all feels pretty cramped – although there are a few double rooms available. Facilities include a kitchen, cafe and bike shelter. How Foot LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35366; www.howfoot.co.uk; Town End; d £75-80; p) Just a stroll from Dove Cottage, this stone house has six rooms finished in fawns and beiges; the nicest are the Deluxe Doubles, one with sun terrace and the other with private sitting room. Rates are an absolute bargain considering the location. Raise View HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35215; www.raiseviewhouse.co.uk; White Bridge; s £53-58, d £106-116; p W) Fell views unfurl from nearly every room here: Helm Crag, Easedale and Stone Arthur are particularly impressive. On the edge of Grasmere, the house is smartly appointed: Farrow & Ball paints, Gilchrist & Soames bathstuffs and Wedgwood china on the breakfast table. Heidi's Grasmere LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35248; www.heidisgrasmerelodge.co.uk; Red Lion Sq; d £79-110; W) This plush B&B plonked above Heidi's cafe offers six super-feminine rooms full of frilly cushions and Cath Kidston–style patterns. They're quite small but very comfy: room 6 has its own sun patio, reached via a spiral staircase. oMoss Grove OrganicHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35251; www.mossgrove.com; r Sun-Thu £114-209, Fri & Sat £129-259; p W) S This eco-chic hotel champions its green credentials: sheep-wool insulation, organic paints, reclaimed timber beds, but for once, eco also equals elegance. Rooms are enormous, and bathrooms sparkle with sexy showers and underfloor heating. Breakfast is served buffet-style in the kitchen-diner downstairs. 5Eating Heidi's of GrasmereCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Red Lion Sq; mains £4-8; h9am-5.30pm) This cute pine-clad cafe makes a welcome refuge if the weather turns. Thick-cut sandwiches and hot soups are its mainstay, but the house special, 'cheese smokeys', is the choice if you're hungry. Baldry's Tea RoomCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Red Lion Sq; lunch £3-8; h10am-5pm) This lacy cafe is the spot for a classic cream tea, served in a bone-china pot and accompanied by buttery scones or Victoria sponges. oJumble RoomMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-35188; www.thejumbleroom.co.uk; Langdale Rd; dinner mains £14.50-21; h5.30-10pm Wed-Mon) Husband-and-wife team Andy and Crissy Hill have turned this village bistro into a much-loved dining landmark. It's a really fun and friendly place to dine. Spotty crockery, cow murals and primary colours set the boho tone, matched by a magpie menu taking in everything from Dithose chicken to a 9oz 'flatiron' steak. Sara's BistroBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Broadgate; mains £10-16; h6-9pm Tue-Sun) Hearty homespun cooking is Sara's raison d'être – big portions of roast chicken, honey-roasted duck and thyme-infused belly pork. There's nothing fancy about the food or the decor, but warm welcomes are guaranteed. Miller Howe CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Red Lion Sq; mains £5-14; h8.30am-5.30pm) A smart cafe on the main square, serving upmarket lunch fare: smoked-salmon muffins, club toasties and excellent Farrers coffee. 7Shopping oSarah Nelson's Gingerbread ShopFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.grasmeregingerbread.co.uk; Church Cottage; h9.15am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-5pm Sun) In business since 1854, this famous sweetshop next to the village church makes Grasmere's essential souvenir: traditional gingerbread with a half-biscuity, half-cakey texture, cooked according to the same top-secret recipe (12 pieces for £4.95). Friendly service by ladies dressed in frilly pinafores and starched bonnets is an added bonus. 8Getting There & Away The regular 555 bus runs from Windermere to Grasmere (15 minutes), via Ambleside, Rydal Church and Dove Cottage. The open-top 599 (two or three per hour in summer) runs from Grasmere via Ambleside, Troutbeck Bridge, Windermere and Bowness. Both buses charge the same fares: Grasmere to Ambleside is £6.30, to Windermere it's £6.80. ### Hawkshead & Around Pop 1640 Lakeland villages don't come much more perfect than pint-sized Hawkshead, a jumble of whitewashed cottages, cobbled lanes and old pubs lost among bottle-green countryside between Ambleside and Coniston. The village has literary cachet too – Wordsworth went to school here, and Beatrix Potter's husband, William Heelis, worked here as a solicitor for many years (his old office is now an art gallery). Cars are banned in the village centre. 1Sights Hawkshead Grammar SchoolHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hawksheadgrammar.org.uk; admission £2; h10am-1pm & 2-5pm Mon-Sat, 1-5pm Sun Apr-Sep) In centuries past, promising young gentleman were sent to Hawkshead's village school for their educational foundation. Among the former pupils was a certain William Wordsworth, who attended the school from 1779 to 1787. The curriculum was punishing: 10 hours' study a day, covering weighty subjects such as Latin, Greek, geometry, science and rhetoric. Hardly surprising young William felt the urge to carve his name into a desk. Upstairs is a small exhibition exploring the history of the school. Beatrix Potter GalleryGALLERY (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/beatrix-potter-gallery; Red Lion Sq; adult/child £5/2.50; h10.30am-5pm Sat-Thu mid-Mar–Oct) As well as being a children's author, Beatrix Potter was also a talented botanical painter and amateur naturalist. This small gallery (housed in the offices of Potter's husband, solicitor William Heelis) contains a collection of her watercolours depicting local flora and fauna. She was particularly fascinated by mushrooms. There's discounted admission if you show your ticket from Hill Top. oTarn HowsLAKE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/coniston-and-tarn-hows) F Two miles off the B5285 from Hawkshead, a winding country lane wends its way to this famously photogenic artificial lake, now owned by the National Trust. Trails wind their way around the lakeshore and surrounding woodland – keep your eyes peeled for red squirrels in the treetops. There's a small National Trust car park, but it fills quickly. Several buses, including the 505 and X30, stop nearby. Hill TopHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %015394-36269; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/hill-top; adult/child £9/4.50; h10.30am-4.30pm Sat-Thu mid-Feb–Oct, longer hrs Jul & Aug) In the tiny village of Near Sawrey, 2 miles south of Hawkshead, this idyllic farmhouse is a must for Beatrix Potter buffs: it was the first house she lived in after moving to the Lake District, and also where she wrote and illustrated many of her famous tales. Purchased in 1905 (largely on the proceeds of her first bestseller, _The Tale of Peter Rabbit_ ), Hill Top is crammed with decorative details that fans will recognise from the author's illustrations. Entry is by timed ticket; try visiting later in the day to avoid the worst crowds. The house features directly in _Samuel Whiskers, Tom Kitten_ and _Jemima Puddle-duck_ , and you might recognise the cast-iron kitchen range from many of Potter's underground burrows. Thanks to its fame (helped by the 2006 biopic _Miss Potter_ ), Hill Top is one of the Lakes' most popular spots, so queues are inevitable in season. #### DON'T MISS ### GRIZEDALE FOREST Sprawling across the hills between Coniston Water and Esthwaite Water, Grizedale Forest (from the Old Norse for 'wild boar') is one of the Lake District's most beautiful woodlands – not to mention its largest outdoor art project. More than 90 large-scale artworks and sculptures are sprinkled throughout the forest, from an enormous xylophone to a Tolkienesque 'man of the forest'. Bus X30, the Grizedale Wanderer (four daily March to November), runs from Haverthwaite to Grizedale via Hawkshead and Moor Top. Grizedale Visitors CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01229-860010; www.forestry.gov.uk/grizedaleforestpark; h10am-5pm, 11am-4pm winter) The main information point has lots of leaflets and maps covering activities in the forest. Grizedale Mountain BikesBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01229-860369; www.grizedalemountainbikes.co.uk; adult/child per day from £25/18; h9am-5pm) Rents out mountain bikes and supplies trail maps. Last hire at 3pm. Go ApeOUTDOORS (www.goape.co.uk; adult/child £30/24; h9-5pm daily Mar-Oct, Sat & Sun Nov-Feb) Children (big and little) will love this treetop assault course. 4Sleeping & Eating Hawkshead YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9321; hawkshead@yha.org.uk; dm £15-21; p i) This large hostel occupies a Regency house a mile along the Newby Bridge road. The dorms and kitchen are spacious, there's on-site bike rental and buses stop outside the door. YewfieldB&B ( %015394-36765; www.yewfield.co.uk; Hawkshead Hill; s £49-65, d £98-130; p W) S This detached house occupies a hilltop spot near Tarn Hows, halfway between Coniston and Hawkshead. It's run by the owners of Zeffirelli's, and though the building itself is Victorian, it's run along eco lines: breakfast is veggie and organic, power comes from a wood-mass boiler, and produce comes from the kitchen garden. Randy PikeB&B ( %015394-36088; www.randypike.co.uk; r Mon-Fri £200, Sat & Sun £225) Managed by the owners of Grasmere's Jumble Room restaurant, Andy and Chrissy Hill, this former hunting lodge feels more like a stay in the country with friends than a night in a B&B. The three rooms ooze bohemian style: distressed wood floors, quirky furniture and mix-and-match fabrics, plus iPods loaded up with music. There's even a Tardis in the garden. Love ShackCOTTAGE ( %015394-41242; www.lakedistrictloveshack.com; Cunsey; hr Sat & Sun £350-650, per week £600-850) S A cooler cottage you simply will not find. Built on the site of a 1960s love shack (hence the name), this eco-friendly cabin is the brainchild of artists Karen Guthrie and Adam Sutherland. It's a mix of modern and retro – reclaimed timber, organic paints and oak floors meet funky furnishings and shagadelic love seats, all in a secluded woodland location not far from Near Sawrey. Hawkshead Relish CompanyDELI ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-36614; www.hawksheadrelish.com; The Square; h9.30am-5pm winter, 9am-5.30pm summer) This village chutney company sells an enormous choice of relishes and jams. Queen's HeadPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-36271; www.queensheadhawkshead.co.uk; Main St; mains £14-22, s £70, d £100-130; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm) Hawkshead has several decent pubs, but the old Queen's Head beats them all in age and atmosphere. Head-knockingly low ceilings and oak-panelled walls give it period character, and the food is packed with local flavour (roast Herdwick lamb, shepherd's pie, sticky toffee pudding). Rooms in the main inn are small and prim, decked out in elegant gingham checks and neutral tones. oDrunken DuckPUB ( %015394-36347; www.drunkenduckinn.co.uk; Barngates; mains £13-25; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm; p W) For top-class dining in the Lakes, nowhere beats the Drunken Duck. It's become one of the region's premier foodie destinations, closer to a fine-dining restaurant than a country pub. The food is full of flair, and ales come from the pub's own Barngates Brewery out back. You'll need to book weeks in advance for dinner, although lunch is first-come, first-served. If you fancy staying, you'll find the rooms (£95 to £275) are just as fancy as the food. The pub's tricky to find: drive along the B5286 from Hawkshead towards Ambleside, and look out for the brown signs. 8Getting There & Away Hawkshead is linked with Windermere (£6.50), Ambleside (£4) and Coniston (£4) by bus 505 (hourly including Sundays). ### Coniston Pop 641 Hunkered beneath the pockmarked peak known as the **Old Man of Coniston** (803m), this lakeside village was originally established to support the local mining industry, and the surrounding hilltops are littered with the remains of old copper workings. These days most people visit with two things in mind: to cruise on the lovely old Coniston Launch, or to tramp to the top of the Old Man, a steep but rewarding return hike of around 7 miles. Coniston's other claim to fame is as the location for a string of world-record speed attempts made here by Sir Malcolm Campbell and his son, Donald, between the 1930s and 1960s. Tragically, after beating the record several times, Donald was killed during an attempt in 1967, when his futuristic jet-boat _Bluebird_ flipped at around 320mph. The boat and its pilot were recovered in 2001, and Campbell was buried in the cemetery of St Andrew's church. 1Sights BrantwoodHISTORIC BUILDING ( %015394-41396; www.brantwood.org.uk; adult/child £7.20/free, gardens only £4.95/free; h10.30am-5pm mid-Mar–mid-Nov, to 4pm Wed-Sun mid-Nov–mid-Mar) John Ruskin (1819–1900), who lived at Brantwood for 28 years, was one of the great thinkers of 19th-century society. A polymath, philosopher, painter and critic, as well as an inveterate shell collector, he expounded views on everything from Venetian architecture to the finer points of lace-making. In 1871 Ruskin purchased this lakeside house and spent the next 20 years expanding and modifying it, championing his passion for traditional 'Arts and Crafts' over factory-made materials. He even dreamt up the wallpaper designs. Of particular note are Ruskin's enormous shell collection in the downstairs study, and several works by JMW Turner (Ruskin's favourite artist) in an upstairs bedroom. The formal gardens are also delightful to wander, with unsurprisingly majestic views. The best way to arrive is by boat from Coniston (you also get a 50p discount on admission). While you wait, you can have lunch at the Jumping Jenny (lunches £4-8) in the house's former stables. If you'd prefer to drive, take the B5285 towards Coniston from Hawkshead and follow the signs. Ruskin MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ruskinmuseum.com; adult/child £5.25/2.50; h10am-5.30pm Easter–mid-Nov, 10.30am-3.30pm Wed-Sun mid-Nov–Easter) Coniston's little museum explores the village's history, touching on copper mining, Arthur Ransome and the Campbell story. There's also a section on John Ruskin, with displays of his writings, watercolours and sketchbooks. The new Bluebird Wing currently houses the recovered engine from Donald Campbell's _Bluebird_ boat, but it's hoped that the whole boat will be displayed here when (and if) it's finally restored. 2Activities Lake Coniston famously inspired Arthur Ransome's classic children's tale _Swallows and Amazons_. Peel Island, towards the southern end of **Coniston Water** , doubles in the book as Wild Cat Island, while the _Gondola_ steam yacht allegedly gave Ransome the idea for Captain Flint's houseboat. Steam Yacht GondolaBOATING (NT; %015394-63850; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gondola; Coniston Jetty; half-lake return adult/child £11/5.50) S Built in 1859 and restored in the 1980s by the National Trust, this wonderful steam yacht looks like a cross between a Venetian _vaporetto_ and an English houseboat, complete with cushioned saloons and polished wood seats. It's a stately way of seeing the lake, especially if you're visiting Brantwood, and it's even ecofriendly: since 2008 it's been powered by waste-wood. There are several 'Half Lake' trips a day from mid-March to October. Longer 'Full Lake' cruises run a few times a week, and cover the history of Ransome, the Campbells and Ruskin. Special picnic and Sunday afternoon tea cruises also run in summer. There's a 10% discount for online bookings. Coniston LaunchBOATING ( %015394-36216; www.conistonlaunch.co.uk; Coniston Jetty; northern service adult/child return £10.50/5.25, southern £15.50/7.75) S Coniston's two modern launches have been solar-powered since 2005. The regular 45-minute **northern service** calls at the Waterhead Hotel, Torver and Brantwood, while the 105-minute **southern service** sails from Monday to Thursday with a different theme depending on the day; it's Swallows and Amazons on Monday and Wednesday, and the Campbells on Coniston on Tuesday and Thursday. Coniston Boating CentreBOATING ( %015394-41366; www.conistonboatingcentre.co.uk; Coniston Jetty) Hires out rowing boats, Canadian canoes and motorboats. 4Sleeping Coniston Holly How YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9511; conistonhh@yha.org.uk; Far End; dm from £15-21.50; hreception 7.30-10am & 5-10pm) A fine period house offering the usual YHA standards: decent dorms, well-equipped kitchens, organised walks and an in-house cafe. Coppermines YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9630; coppermines@yha.org.uk; dm from £16; hreception 7-11am & 5-10pm Easter-Oct) Up a steep rock road 1.5km from the village, this rustic hostel once provided accommodation for local copper miners. It's now a walkers' favourite; dorms are small but there's a kitchen, showers and even a licensed bar. Hoathwaite CampsiteCAMPSITE (NT; %bookings 015394-63862; www.ntlakescampsites.org.uk; adult, tent & car from £6; hEaster-Nov) This 'back-to-basics' National Trust–owned campsite is on the A5394 between Coniston and Torver. There's a toilet block, water taps and not much else – but the views over Coniston Water are super. Bank Ground FarmB&B ( %015394-41264; www.bankground.com; East of the Lake; d from £90, 2-night minimum; p) This lakeside farmhouse has literary cachet: Arthur Ransome used it as the model for Holly Howe Farm in _Swallows and Amazons_. Parts of the house date back to the 15th century, so the rooms are snug. Some have sleigh beds, others exposed beams. The tearoom is a beauty, too, and there are cottages for longer stays. Two-night minimum. Lakeland HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-41303; www.lakelandhouse.co.uk; Tilberthwaite Ave; s £30-55, d £60-95) Perched above the village's internet cafe is this no-fuss B&B. Budget doubles border on the utilitarian (a bed, tea-tray and wardrobe is all you get), so it's worth stretching to Superior for space and comfort. The Lookout Suite has its own sitting room. 5Eating & Drinking Bluebird CafeCAFE (Lake Rd; mains £4-8; h9.30am-5.30pm) This lakeside cafe does a brisk trade from people waiting for the Coniston launches. The usual salads and sandwiches are on offer, and there are lots of outside tables. Sun HotelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thesunconiston.com; mains £12-20; h10am-11pm) A Coniston landmark, this 400-year-old gabled inn was famously used as an HQ by Donald Campbell during his final fateful campaign. There's lots of Campbell memorabilia to spot inside, dotted around the inn's beamed interior, and a pleasant garden overlooking the lake. The food is solid (beer-battered fish, oak-smoked roast chicken), washed down with guest ales from local breweries. Black BullPUB (www.conistonbrewery.com/black-bull-coniston.htm; Yewdale Rd; mains £8-16; h10am-11pm) Coniston's main meeting spot, the old Black Bull offers a warren of rooms and a popular outside terrace. The pub grub's good, but it's mainly known for its home-brewed ales: Bluebird Bitter and Old Man Ale are always on tap, and there are seasonal ones too. 8Information Coniston Tourist OfficeTOURIST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015394-41533; www.conistontic.org; Ruskin Ave; h9.30am-5.30pm Easter-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Easter) Sells the Coniston Loyalty Card offering local discounts. 8Getting There & Away Bus 505 runs to Windermere (£4, hourly including Sundays), via Ambleside (£4), with a couple of daily connections to Kendal (£9.30, 1¼ hours). The Coniston Bus-and-Boat ticket (adult/child £17.90/7.50) includes return bus travel on the 505, plus a trip on the launch and entry to Brantwood. #### WORTH A TRIP ### THE STEEPEST ROAD IN ENGLAND? Zigzagging over fells between the valleys of **Little Langdale** and **Eskdale** is one of the Lake District's most infamous mountain roads. Used since ancient times and later substantially improved by the Romans, this old packhorse route provided a vital trading link between the central valleys of Lakeland and the ports dotted along the Cumbrian coast. En route, it traverses both of England's highest road passes, **Wrynose** and **Hardknott** , and in places the road reaches forbidding gradients of 1 in 3. At the top of Hardknott Pass, there's a ruined Roman fort, where you can still see the remains of the walls, parade ground and commandant's house. The views from here to the coast are stunning. It's perfectly driveable if you take things slow and steady, but probably best avoided if you're a hesitant reverser or don't like driving next to steep drops (caravans and buses should definitely steer clear). Things to note: it's single-carriage most of the way, and passing places few and far between, so be prepared for vehicles going the opposite way. Also, make sure your brakes are in good order, and top up the water in your radiator – you'll do most of it in first or second gear. To get to the passes from Ambleside, follow road signs on the A593 to Skelwith Bridge, then turn off to Little Langdale. When you reach the Three Shires Inn, the road becomes really steep. Alternatively, you can approach from the west; drive along the A595 coast road and turn off towards Eskdale, and follow the road past Boot to the passes. ### Elterwater & Great Langdale Travelling north from Coniston, the road passes into the wild, empty landscape of Great Langdale, one of Lakeland's iconic hiking valleys. As you pass the pretty village of Elterwater, imposing fells stack up like dominoes along the horizon, looming over a pastoral patchwork of tumbledown barns and lime-green fields. Langdale's best-known hike is the multipeak route up and over the **Langdale Pikes** : Pike O' Stickle (709m), Loft Crag (682m), Harrison Stickle (736m) and Pavey Ark (700m). Across the valley are the rippled summits of **Bowfell** (902m) and the **Crinkle Crags** , which represent a serious challenge even for experienced walkers. 4Sleeping Great Langdale CampsiteCAMPSITE (NT; %015394-63862; www.ntlakescampsites.org.uk; tent sites £10.50-13, extra adult £6, pods £35-50; harrivals 3-7pm Sat-Thu, 3-9pm Fri; p) Quite possibly the most spectacularly positioned campsite in the Lake District, spread out over grassy meadows overlooked by Langdale's fells. It gets crowded in season, but around three-quarters of the sites can be booked in advance; the remainder are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Camping pods and yurts are also available. Langdale YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9748; langdale@yha.org.uk; High Close, Loughrigg; dm £15-21; hreception 7-10am & 5-10.15pm Mar-Oct; p i) Large hostel in a grand Victorian house on the road towards Grasmere. It's a rambling old affair, with big rooms, high ceilings and a huge communal lounge. Elterwater YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9017; elterwater@yha.org.uk; dm £15-21; hreception 7.30-10am & 5-10.30pm Easter-Oct; i) A pleasant hostel in a former farmhouse, just a stone's throw from Elterwater's village green. oOld Dungeon GhyllHOTEL ( %015394-37272; www.odg.co.uk; d from £106, half-board £156; p W #) Affectionately known as the ODG, this historic inn is awash with Lakeland heritage: many famous walkers have stayed here, including Prince Charles and mountaineer Chris Bonington. It's endearingly olde-worlde (well-worn furniture, four-poster beds), and even if you're not staying, the Hiker's Bar is a must for a post-hike pint – it's been the hub of Langdale's social life for decades. oEltermere InnHOTEL ( %015394-37207; www.eltermere.co.uk; r £125-225) Lovingly refurbished by hoteliers Mark and Ruth Jones, this Elterwater inn is one of Lakeland's loveliest backwater bolt-holes. Rooms are simple and classic, tastefully decorated in fawns and taupes, with quirky features such as window seats and free-standing tubs. The food's excellent, too, served in the inn's snug bar, and afternoon tea is served on the lawn on sunny days. Brimstone HotelHOTEL ( %015394-38062; www.brimstonehotel.co.uk; Langdale Estate; r £200-300) This lavish cottage complex on the Langdale Estate takes luxury to another level. The huge suites are more London-chic than Lakeland-cosy; mezzanine floors, sleek tiles, private patios and futuristic log-burners are standard, and then of course there's a reading room, spa, restaurant and private woodland. 5Eating Stickle BarnPUB ( %015394-37356; mains £6-12) A walkers' fave, this lively pub near the ODG serves filling food such as curries, chillies and hotpots. Chesters by the RiverCAFE ( %015394-32553; www.chestersbytheriver.co.uk; lunch mains £8-14; h10am-5pm) A fine riverside cafe handily placed between Ambleside and Elterwater, serving gastro-gourmet grub and superb cakes. There's a gift shop, too, and you can pick up slate souvenirs from the workshop around the corner. 8Getting There & Away Bus 516 (seven daily) is the only bus, with stops at Ambleside, Skelwith Bridge, Elterwater, and the Old Dungeon Ghyll Hotel in Great Langdale. Fares from Ambleside are £3.60 to all destinations. ### Wasdale Carving its way for 5 miles from the Cumbrian coast, the craggy, wind-lashed valley of Wasdale is where the Lake District scenery takes a turn for the wild. Ground out by a long-extinct glacier, the valley is home to the Lake District's highest and wildest peaks, as well as the steely grey expanse of Wastwater, England's deepest and coldest lake. Wasdale's fells are an irresistible draw for hikers, especially those looking to conquer England's tallest mountain, Scafell Pike (978m). The classic route starts from Wasdale Head and is well within the reach of most walkers, although it's long, steep and hard to navigate in bad weather. You're looking at around six to seven hours out on the mountain, so you'll need proper supplies. The valley is also home to one of England's tiniest chapels, 16th-century **St Olaf's Church**. Legend claims the roof beams were salvaged from a Viking longboat. The Barn Door Shop ( %019467-26384; www.wasdaleweb.com), next door to the Wasdale Head Inn, sells camping and walking supplies. 4Sleeping Wasdale Head CampsiteCAMPSITE (NT; %bookings 015394-63862; www.ntlakescampsites.org.uk; sites £10.50-13, extra adult £6, pods £35-50; hreception 8-10.30am Mon-Fri, 8-10.30am & 5-6.30pm Sat & Sun) This NT campsite is in a fantastically wild spot, nestled beneath the Scafell range. Facilities are basic (laundry room, showers), but the views are out of this world. Wastwater YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9350; wasdale@yha.org.uk; Wasdale Hall, Nether Wasdale; dm £18-23; hreception 8-10am & 5-10.30pm; p) This lakeside hostel on the shores of Wastwater has the kind of location you'd normally pay through the nose for. It's in a 19th-century mansion that still boasts most of its period architecture, including original roof trusses and latticed windows. It has the usual self-catering facilities plus a decent restaurant. oWasdale Head InnB&B ( %019467-26229; www.wasdale.com; s £59, d £118-130, tr £177; p) Hunkering beneath the brooding bulk of Scafell Pike, this 19th-century hostelry is full of hill-walking heritage. It's wonderfully old-fashioned, covered in vintage photos and climbing memorabilia. The rooms are cosy, with roomier suites in a converted stable. The wood-panelled dining room serves fine food, with humbler grub and ales from the Great Gable Brewing Co available in Ritson's Bar. 8Getting There & Away There are no longer any scheduled bus services to Wasdale Head, but you could order a taxi from Gosforth Taxis ( %01946-734800). #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### ENNERDALE If you really want to leave the outside world behind, the remote valley of Ennerdale is definitely the place. Just to the north of Wasdale, this valley and its namesake lake was once home to slate mines and large timber plantations, but these are slowly being removed and the valley is being returned to nature as part of the **Wild Ennerdale project** (www.wildennerdale.co.uk). Needless to say, the valley is paradise if you prefer your trails quiet. Several popular routes head over the fells to Wasdale, while walking towards Buttermere takes you past the Black Sail YHA ( %0845 371 9680; www.yha.org.uk/hostel/black-sail; dm £20.50-22.50), a marvellously remote hostel inside a shepherd's bothy. Much-loved by mountaineers and hikers, it's become a YHA landmark. and has recently been kitted out with solar panels, LED lighting and double glazing at a cost of around £260,000. Space is very limited, so make sure you book ahead. ### Cockermouth Pop 9146 Set along the River Cocker, the Georgian town of Cockermouth is best known as the birthplace of William Wordsworth and the home base of the renowned Jenning's Brewery, but hit the headlines in 2009 when the town suffered serious flooding. Since then, Cockermouth's elegant streets have been restored, and the town makes an interesting detour from the better-known and busier Lakeland towns. 1Sights oWordsworth HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-824805; Main St; adult/child £6.70/3.35; h11am-5pm Sat-Thu Mar-Oct) William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 at this handsome Georgian house at the end of Main St. Built around 1745, the house has been restored based on accounts from the Wordsworth archive. Costumed guides help bring the house to life. The kitchen garden (mentioned in Wordsworth's autobiographical poem _The Prelude_ ) was badly damaged during the floods, but has since been carefully replanted. Jenning's BreweryBREWERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-821011; www.jenningsbrewery.co.uk; adult/child £8/4.50; hguided tours noon & 2pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, fewer in winter) Real ale aficionados will be well familiar with the name of Jenning's, a renowned brewery that's been in business since 1874. It's possible to take a guided tour to see the brewing process, followed by a tasting session in the Old Cooperage Bar. Take your pick from golden Cocker Hoop, classic Bitter and the superbly named Sneck Lifter. Children must be over 12. 4Sleeping Six CastlegateB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-826749; www.sixcastlegate.co.uk; 6 Castlegate; s £45-50, d £70-80; W) A Grade II–listed town house combining Georgian heritage with a modern twist, and feathery pillows, lofty ceilings and shiny showers in all six rooms. Croft HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-827533; www.croft-guesthouse.com; 6/8 Challoner St; s £50, d £70-80; W) This swish lemon-yellow B&B offers rooms in a Georgian house, all with exposed stone and reclaimed maple-wood floors. 5Eating & Drinking MeriendaCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 7a Station St; mains £4-8; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) The town's best bet for lunch, this bright cafe serves fresh soups and open-face sandwiches. Quince & MedlarVEGETARIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.quinceandmedlar.co.uk; 13 Castlegate; mains £13.95; h7-10pm Tue-Sat; v) S Imaginative veggie food served in the refined surrounds of one of Castlegate's Georgian houses, complete with panelled walls and flickering candles. Even committed carnivores will be tempted by the creative creations. Butternut squash layered with spiced ginger and cumin quinoa, anyone? Honest LawyerBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-824888; 2 Main St; 2-course meal £18.95; h5.30-9.30pm) Tucked away by the river, this attractive bistro specialises in French-Italian fusion: grilled sea bass with scallops with sauce vierge, perhaps, or supreme of duck with pommes Anna. There's a range of veggie options too. They can usually squeeze you in even at the busiest of times. Bitter EndPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-828993; www.bitterend.co.uk; 15 Kirkgate; mains £10-15; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-10pm) This well-regarded brewpub produces its own award-winning beers such as Cockermouth Pride, Lakeland Honey Beer and Cuddy Lugs. You can watch the vats at work through a glass partition in the bar. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-822634; cockermouthtic@co-net.com; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, to 2pm Sat.) Inside the town hall. 8Getting There & Away Bus X4/X5 (half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday) travels from Penrith to Keswick and Cockermouth (£6.40), and Workington (£7.60, 1¼ hours). ### Keswick Pop 4821 The most northerly of the Lake District's major towns, Keswick has perhaps the most beautiful location of all: encircled by cloud-capped fells and nestled alongside the idyllic, island-studded lake of Derwentwater, a silvery curve criss-crossed by puttering cruise boats. It's also brilliantly positioned for further adventures into the nearby valleys of Borrowdale and Buttermere. ### THE BASSENTHWAITE OSPREYS In 2001 the first wild ospreys to breed in England for 150 years set up home at **Bassenthwaite Lake** , near Keswick. Over the last few years, the birds have usually arrived at Bassenthwaite in April, spending the summer at the lake before heading for Africa in late August or early September. There are two official viewpoints, both in **Dodd Wood** , about 3 miles north of Keswick on the A591 (follow signs for Dodd Wood and Cattle Inn). The lower hide (open 10am to 5pm) is about 15 minutes' walk from the car park at Mirehouse, and the new upper hide (open 10.30am to 4.30pm) is half an hour further. Find out more at www.ospreywatch.co.uk. 1Sights The heart of Keswick is the old Market Place, in the shadow of the town's former prison and meeting rooms at the **Moot Hall** (now occupied by the tourist office). Keswick's oddball museum is still closed for refurbishment; ask at the tourist office for the latest news. Castlerigg Stone CircleMONUMENT F Set on a hilltop a mile east of town, this jaw-dropping stone circle consists of 48 stones that are between 3000 and 4000 years old, surrounded by a dramatic ring of mountain peaks. Pencil MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pencilmuseum.co.uk; Southy Works; adult/child £4.25/3.25; h9.30am-5pm) Vying for top spot in Cumbria's weirdest museum chart, this pencil-themed museum's exhibits include the world's longest pencil (8m from end to end) and a replica of a Borrowdale slate mine. There is method in the madness, though – when graphite was discovered in the Borrowdale fells during the 17th century, Keswick became one of the world's main pencil producers. You can buy luxury Derwent colouring pencils in the shop. Whinlatter Forest ParkFOREST ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.forestry.gov.uk/whinlatter) F Encompassing 1200 hectares of pine, larch and spruce, Whinlatter is England's only true mountain forest, rising sharply to 790m about 5 miles from Keswick. The forest is a designated red squirrel reserve; you can check out live video feeds from squirrel cams at the visitor centre ( %01768-778469; h10am-4pm). It's also home to two exciting mountain-bike trails and the Go Ape (www.goape.co.uk/days-out/whinlatter; adult/child £30/25; h9am- 5pm mid-Mar–Oct) tree-top assault course. You can hire bikes from Cyclewise ( %017687-78711; www.cyclewise.co.uk; h10am-5pm), next to the visitor centre. Entry to the forest is free, but you have to pay for parking. Bus 77 (four daily) runs from Keswick, or if you're driving, head west on the A66 and look out for the brown signs near Braithwaite. 2Activities Keswick has a wealth of fantastic walks on its doorstep. The most popular is the family-friendly fell of **Catbells** (451m), on the lake's west side; the trailhead starts next to the jetty at Hawse End, served by the Keswick Launch. There's also an easy trail along the **old railway path** to Threlkeld. Hardcore hikers will prefer the more challenging slog up **Skiddaw** (931m), the huge mountain that looms on Keswick's northern skyline. Alternatively, near Threlkeld is the lonely fell of **Blencathra** (868m), which was recently put up for sale by the Earl of Lonsdale with a price tag of £1.75 million. Keswick LaunchBOATING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72263; www.keswick-launch.co.uk; round-the-lake adult/child £9.25/4.50) Said to have been Beatrix Potter's favourite lake (she's supposed to have got the idea for Squirrel Nutkin while watching red squirrels on the shoreline), **Derwentwater** is certainly a real beauty. As always, the best way to appreciate its charms is by getting out on the water. There are six daily boats from March to November, with a couple of extra afternoon sailings and a twilight cruise in summer, dropping to just a couple of sailings a day in winter. Apart from the main jetties in Keswick, the lake's other landing stages are at Ashness Gate, Lodore Falls, High Brandlehow, Low Brandlehow, Hawse End and Nichol End. Departures run clockwise and anticlockwise. Rowboats and motorboats can be hired next to the launch jetties. zFestivals & Events Keswick Mountain FestivalOUTDOORS (www.keswickmountainfestival.co.uk) This May festival celebrates all things mountainous. Keswick Beer FestivalBEER (www.keswickbeerfestival.co.uk) Lots and lots of beer is drunk during Keswick's real ale fest in June. 4Sleeping Keswick is crammed with good-value B&Bs, especially around Stanger and Helvellyn Sts. Keswick YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9746; keswick@yha.org.uk; Station Rd; dm £13-21; i) Keswick's YHA is a beauty, lodged inside a converted woollen mill by the clattering River Rothay, and renovated thanks to the benevolence of a generous doctor. Dorms are cosy, there's an excellent cafe, and some rooms even have balconies over Fitz Park. oHowe KeldB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72417; www.howekeld.co.uk; 5-7 The Heads; s £58, d £110-130; p W) This gold-standard B&B pulls out all the stops: goose-down duvets, slate-floored bathrooms, chic colours and locally made furniture. The best rooms have views across Crow Park and the golf course, and the breakfast is a pick-and-mix delight. Free parking is available on the Heads if there's space. Linnett HillB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-44518; www.linnetthillkeswick.co.uk; 4 Penrith Rd; s £45, d £80; W) Much recommended by travellers, this lovingly run B&B has lots going for it: crisp white rooms, a great location near Fitz Park and keen prices that stay the same year-round. Breakfast is good too: there's a blackboard of specials to choose from, and the dining room has gingham-check tablecloths and a crackling woodburner. Oakthwaite HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72398; www.oakthwaite-keswick.com; 35 Helvellyn St; d £76-90; W) One of the top choices in the B&B-heavy neighbourhood around Helvellyn St. There are just four rooms (so it's not too crowded), all with power showers, white linen and soothingly neutral tones. Rooms 4 and 5 are up in the eaves, while Room 2 is the most spacious, with views of Walla Crag. oCottage in the WoodHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01768-778409; www.thecottageinthewood.co.uk; Braithwaite; d £110-190; hrestaurant 6.30-9pm Tue-Sat) For a secluded spoil, this out-of-the-way hotel is a real find. It's on the way to Whinlatter Forest, in a 17th-century coaching inn that's been thoroughly modernised. Elegant rooms survey woods and countryside: the Mountain View rooms overlook the Skiddaw Range, but we liked the super-private Attic Suite and Garden Room, with its wood floors and wet-room. The restaurant's fantastic, too. 5Eating & Drinking Abraham's Tea RoomsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Borrowdale Rd; mains £6-10; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4.30pm Sun) On the top floor of George Fishers, in the former photography studio of the Abraham brothers, this cosy cafe is great for a country lunch: hot rarebit (toasted-cheese-on-toast), mackerel paté or a classic baked spud. Lakeland Pedlar Wholefood CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lakelandpedlar.co.uk; Hendersons Yard; mains £4-10; h9am-5pm) S Down a narrow side alley off the high street, this veggie-organic-wholefood emporium is a hallowed destination for hikers and bikers, renowned for its chunky sandwiches, homemade soups and enormous cakes. There's a bike shop upstairs. Bryson'sCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 42 Main St; cakes £2-5; h8.30am-5.30pm) An old-fashioned bakery known for its fruitcakes, Battenbergs and Florentines. Pumpkin CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 19 Lake Rd; lunches £3-6; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) Metropolitan cafe culture comes to Keswick: order a make-your-own salad or a deli sandwich, followed by a fresh-baked croissant and a flat white. There's seating upstairs, or you can order to go. oPheasant InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72219; www.the-pheasant.co.uk; Bassenthwaite; mains £14-18; hrestaurant 7-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-2pm Sun; bistro noon-4.30pm & 6-9pm) A short drive along Bassenthwaite Lake is this fine dining pub. Hunting prints and pewter tankards cover the old bar, stocked with vintage whiskies and Lakeland ales, and the brace of restaurants (informal bistro and smart restaurant) both serve superior country food. The afternoon tea's done in the proper English fashion, too, complete with cucumber sandwiches. oThe ChaletBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72757; www.thechaletportinscale.co.uk; lunch £5-8.50, dinner £12.95-17.95; h9am-5pm Tue & Wed, 9am-5pm & 6.30-11pm Thu-Mon) This cafe-bistro opened in 2013 in Portinscale and has fast become one of Keswick's gastronomic hot spots. The architecture blends old (wood-burners, log piles) and new (plate glass, Scandinavian minimalism), and the food's a similar blend of styles; comforting crumpets and sharing platters for lunch, sophisticated plates of confit duck and dry-aged steak for supper, all accompanied by a suggested wine. Classy. Morrel'sBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72666; www.morrels.co.uk; Lake Rd; 3-course menu £21.95, mains £12.50-16.50; h5.30-9pm Tue-Sun) Reliable bistro seving Mediterranean-influenced food. The stripped-back interior and spotlights make it feel formal, but it's actually a very relaxed affair. Cafe-Bar 26CAFE, BAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 26 Lake Rd; tapas £4-10; h9am-11pm Mon-Sat, 10am-10pm Sun) An attractive corner wine-bar that also serves good tapas. Dog & GunPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Lake Rd; h11am-11pm) Benches, beams, hearths, rugs: the old Dog is the picture of a Lakeland pub. Look out for Thirst Rescue ale, which donates part of its proceeds to the Keswick Mountain rescue team. 7Shopping George FisherOUTDOOR EQUIPMENT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Borrowdale Rd; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Keswick has plenty of outdoor shops, but the traditionalists' choice is George Fisher, one of the Lake District's oldest outdoors suppliers. There are three floors of boots, tents and gear, and the boot-fitting service is superb. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-72645; keswicktic@lake-district.gov.uk; Moot Hall, Market Pl; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar) Sells discounted tickets for the Keswick Launch. 8Getting There & Away The Keswick & Honister Dayrider (adult/child/family £8/6/22) buys unlimited travel on buses in the Keswick area. Useful buses from Keswick: A **555/556 Lakeslink** Hourly to Ambleside (£7.95, 40 minutes), Windermere (£8.55, 50 minutes) and Kendal (£9.30, 1½ hours). A **77/77A Honister Rambler** Circular route (Keswick & Honister Dayrider adult/child £8/6, four daily) from Keswick via Portinscale, Catbells, Grange, Seatoller, Honister Pass, Buttermere, Lorton and Whinlatter. A **78 Borrowdale Rambler** (Keswick & Honister Dayrider adult/child £8/6, at least hourly Monday to Friday, half-hourly weekends) The main Borrowdale bus, with stops at Lodore, Grange, Rosthwaite and Seatoller. A **X4/X5** Penrith to Workington via Keswick (£6.40, hourly Monday to Friday, six on Sunday). 8Getting Around Keswick Mountain BikesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-75202; www.keswickmountainbikes.co.uk; 133 Main St; adult bikes per day £15-40; h9.30am-5.30pm) Mountain bikes can be hired from Keswick Mountain Bikes. The road-specific shop is above the Lakeland Pedlar Wholefood Cafe. ## 2Driving Tour Borrowdale & Buttermere **Start** Keswick **End** Keswick **Length** 28 miles, three to four hours This is one of the Lakes' most beautiful road trips, taking in the unspoilt scenery of the Borrowdale, Buttermere and Lorton Valleys. Begin with breakfast in 1 **Keswick** , then head along the B5289 into Borrowdale. First stop is 2Lodore Falls, a pretty cascade at the southern end of Derwentwater. Next, detour to the little hamlet of 3 **Grange-in-Borrowdale** , where a trail leads up the slate-strewn sides of Castle Crag, a small fell with great views over Borrowdale. From Grange, carry on to the huge boulder known as the 4Bowder Stone, shifted into position by the glacier which carved out the Borrowdale Valley. Pootle on to 5 **Rosthwaite** for tea and cake at the Flock-In tearoom, or continue to 6 **Seatoller** for lunch. In the afternoon, tackle the steep crawl up to 7Honister Pass, where you can pick up some slate souvenirs or take a mine tour. From here, the road drops down into the beautiful valley of 8Buttermere. Spot the zigzag peaks of High Stile, Haystacks and Red Pike looming on your left-hand side over the lake, stop off for a drink at the Fish Inn, and remember to pay your respects to Alfred Wainwright inside St James' Church. Continue along the shore of Crummock Water past 9 **Loweswater** , where you could make an optional but very worthwhile detour via the excellent Kirkstile Inn. When you reach a **Low Lorton** , a right-hand turn carries you over Whinlatter Pass to bWhinlatter Forest Park. The forest park makes a good spot for a late-afternoon stop; there's a pleasant cafe at the visitor centre, as well as displays on the local wildlife. There are a couple of great options for dinner on your way back to Keswick such as the cCottage in the Wood just before Braithwaite. ### Borrowdale With their patchwork of craggy hills, broad fields, tinkling streams and drystone walls, the side-by-side valleys of Borrowdale and Buttermere are many people's idea of the quintessential Lakeland landscape. Once a centre for mineral mining (especially for slate, coal and graphite), this is walkers' country these days, and apart from the odd rickety barn or puttering tractor, there's precious little to spoil the view. South of Keswick, the B5289 tracks Derwentwater into the heart of Borrowdale, winding past the small farming villages of Grange-in-Borrowdale, Rosthwaite and Stonethwaite. 1Sights & Activities Lodore FallsWATERFALL At the southern end of Derwentwater, this famous waterfall featured in a poem by Robert Southey, but it's only worth visiting after a good spell of rain. It's in the grounds of the Lodore Hotel; there's an honesty box for donations. Bowder StoneOUTDOORS A mile south from Grange, a turn-off leads up to the geological curiosity known as the Bowder Stone, a 1696-tonne lump of rock left behind by a retreating glacier. A small stepladder leads up to the top of the rock. Watendlath TarnLAKE This National Trust–owned tarn is reached via a turn-off on the B5285 south of Keswick. On the way, the road passes over one of the Lake District's most photographed packhorse crossings at **Ashness Bridge**. Parking at the tarn is free for NT members, but the road is narrow and has few passing places, so it's more pleasant to walk up in summer. Platty+BOATING ( %017687-76572; www.plattyplus.co.uk; kayaks & canoes per hr £8-15) Based at the Lodore Boat Landings, this company hires out kayaks, canoes and sailing dinghies, and runs instruction courses. 4Sleeping Derwentwater Independent HostelHOSTEL ( %017687-77246; www.derwentwater.org; Barrow House; dm £19-21, r from £66; p i) Built as a 19th-century mansion for the local notable George Pocklington, this grand hostel was previously YHA-owned, but it's now independently run and offers clean, basic dorms (most have four to eight beds, but one has 22 beds) plus self-catering facilities. The house still has many of its original architectural features, and sits in 7-hectare grounds complete with waterfall. Borrowdale YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9624; borrowdale@yha.org.uk; Longthwaite; dm from £19-23; hFeb-Dec) Purpose-built chalet hostel, specialising in walking and activity trips. Langstrath InnB&B ( %017687-77239; www.thelangstrath.com; Stonethwaite; d £100-128, mains from £11.30; hrestaurant noon-10.30pm Tue-Sun; p W) Borrowdale's country hotels are expensive, so you'll be better off basing yourself at this out-of-the-way inn in Stonethwaite. The eight rooms feature white walls, crimson throws and pleasant en suites, and the countryside views are to die for. Hearty food and beers from Hawkshead Brewery are served in the restaurant. Seatoller HouseB&B ( %017687-77218; www.seatollerhouse.co.uk; s £55, d £90-100; p) A tiny hideaway in Seatoller that feels like a Beatrix Potter burrow. It's tucked beneath Honister Pass and all the rooms are named after animals: attic Osprey has skylight views, Rabbit is pine-filled and Badger looks over the garden. Rooms including a four-course dinner for two cost £139. Yew Tree FarmB&B ( %017687-77675; www.borrowdaleherdwick.co.uk; Rosthwaite; d £80; p) There are floral patterns galore at this sturdy Cumbrian farmhouse in rural Rosthwaite, with three rooms snuggled among cob walls and tiny windows (no wi-fi or TVs!). It's run by working sheep farmers, and you'll be able to spot Herdwicks in the nearby fields. Breakfast is huge, and the Flock-In tearoom over the road serves delicious cakes and puddings. 8Getting There & Away Buses 77/77A and 78 connect Borrowdale and Buttermere with Keswick. Get the Keswick & Honister Dayrider pass (adult/child £8/6). ### Honister Pass From Borrowdale, a narrow, perilously steep road snakes up the fellside to Honister Pass and Buttermere Valley beyond. Overlooking the top of the pass is the Honister Slate Mine ( %017687-77230; www.honister-slate-mine.co.uk; mine tour adult/child £12.50/7.50, all-day pass £34/25; htours 10.30am, 12.30pm & 3.30pm Mar-Oct), where underground tours venture deep into the bowels of the old 'Edge' and 'Kimberley' mines (a tour into the 'Cathedral' mine runs on Friday by request, but you'll need eight people and it costs £19.75). Honister is also home to the UK's first Via Ferrata (Classic route adult/child £35/25, Xtreme £39.50/29.50), a vertiginous system of clifftop ropes and ladders once used by slate miners. It's exhilarating and great fun, but unsurprisingly you'll need a head for heights. Combination tickets are available for both activities. A brand-new attraction opened in April 2014 combines the mining-and-climbing experience: a subterranean 'Burma Bridge', which involves clambering along underground passages on fixed ropes. It costs adult/child £19.95/14.95, and you need to be 10 or older. ### Buttermere From the high point of Honister, the road drops sharply into the deep bowl of Buttermere, skirting the lakeshore to Buttermere village, 4 miles from Honister and 9 miles from Keswick. From here, the B5289 cuts past Crummock Water before exiting the valley's northern edge. Buttermere marks the start of Alfred Wainwright's all-time favourite circuit: up **Red Pike** (755m), and along **High Stile** (807m), **High Crag** and **Haystacks** (597m). In fact, the great man liked it so much, he stayed here for good: after his death in 1991, his ashes were scattered across the top of Haystacks as requested in his will. A small plaque in Buttermere's little chapel, **St James' Church** , commemorares the great man. 4Sleeping & Eating Buttermere YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9508; buttermere@yha.org.uk; dm £17-22; hreception 8.30-10am & 5-10.30pm) A fine YHA, with a lake-view location halfway between Honister and Buttermere village. oKirkstile InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01900-85219; www.kirkstile.com; mains £12-16, s £63.50-90, d £99-109) A finer country pub you could not hope to find. Hidden away near the little lake of Loweswater, a mile or so north of Buttermere, the Kirkstile is a joy: crackling fires, oak beams, worn carpets, wooden bar and all. It's particularly known for its award-winning ales (try the Loweswater Gold). Rooms are quaint; some have views across Lorton Vale. Fish InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017687-70253; www.fishinnbuttermere.co.uk; mains £8-14, d £90-110; p) This whitewashed inn once employed the 18th-century beauty known as the 'Maid of Buttermere', but these days it's just a welcoming local's pub, serving basic staples such as lasagne and battered haddock, washed down with ales from several local breweries. 8Getting There & Away Bus 77/77A serves Buttermere and Honister Pass from Keswick. Use the Keswick & Honister Dayrider (adult/child £8/6). ### Ullswater & Around After Windermere, the second-largest lake in the Lake District is **Ullswater** , stretching for 7.5 miles between **Pooley Bridge** , and **Glenridding** and **Patterdale** in the south. Carved out by a long-extinct glacier, the deep valley in which the lake sits is flanked by an impressive string of fells, most notably the razor ridge of **Helvellyn** , Cumbria's third-highest mountain at 950m. It's also famous as the place where William Wordsworth was inspired to write his best-known poem, 'Daffodils'. 1Sights & Activities Gowbarrow Park & Aira ForcePARK, WATERFALL F This rolling park stretches out across the lakeshore between Pooley Bridge and Glenridding. Well-marked paths lead up to the impressive 20m waterfall of **Aira Force**. Another waterfall, **High Force** , is further up the hillside. South of Gowbarrow Park is **Glencoyne Bay** , where the springtime daffodils inspired Wordsworth to pen the immortal lines: 'I wandered lonely as a cloud/That floats on high over hills and dales/When all at once I saw a crowd/A host, of golden daffodils...' February and March are the best months if you want to see the flowers for yourself. Ullswater 'Steamers'BOATING ( %017684-82229; www.ullswater-steamers.co.uk; round-the-lake adult/child £13.20/6.60) Ullswater's historic steamer service has been running since 1855. There are now four boats, all dressed in the company's distinctive livery; the stately _Lady of the Lake_ was launched in 1888, making it the oldest passenger boat still working in the world. The boats run east–west from Pooley Bridge, stopping at the village of Howtown on the southern shore en route to Glenridding. There are up to 11 sailings a day in summer, dropping to four in winter. 4Sleeping Helvellyn YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9742; helvellyn@yha.org.uk; Greenside; dm £13-18; hEaster-Oct) A high-level hostel, in an old miners' cottage 275m above the valley at the end of a rough track. It's a favourite with hikers looking to get a head-start on Helvellyn; dorms are small and facilities are basic, but meals are provided by hostel staff. Patterdale YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-371 9337; patterdale@yha.org.uk; Patterdale; dm £17-22.50; hreception 7.30-10am & 5-10.30pm Easter-Oct) This 1970s hostel lacks the heritage of some of the Lakeland YHAs, but it has a great location by the lake and all the usual YHA trappings (kitchen, cafe, TV lounge) – as long as you don't mind the institutional architecture. Lowthwaite FarmB&B ( %017684-82343; www.lowthwaiteullswater.com; Matterdale; d £86-90; p) This lovely farmhouse in Matterdale is all about the good life. The owners have filled the place with souvenirs collected on their travels, such as chunky wooden beds made in Tanzania that match the house's hefty wooden beams. It's a couple of miles from the lake, off the A5091 to Dockray; ring ahead for directions, as it's tricky to find. Two-night minimum on weekends. Old Water ViewB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017684-82175; www.oldwaterview.co.uk; Patterdale; d £72-86) Patterdale has several B&Bs, but this one's the pick. It's a simple place focusing on the essentials: friendly service, comfy rooms and good value. The split-level Bothy room is ideal for families, with attic beds for the kids, while Little Gem overlooks a stream and Place Fell is said to have been a favourite of Alfred Wainwright. 5Eating Traveller's RestPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Glenridding; mains £5.50-15; h10am-11pm) Down a pint with a view of the fells at Traveller's Rest, a Glenridding stalwart. The food might be plain (steaks, pies, prawn cocktails) but the portions are huge. FellbitesCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Glenridding; mains £5-15; h11am-8.30pm, to 5.30pm Wed) Popular Glenridding cafe that serves a good selection of spuds, sarnies and all-day breakfasts, plus a daily roast and chunky steaks. 8Information Ullswater Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %017684-82414; ullswatertic@lake-district.gov.uk; Glenridding; h9am-5.30pm Apr-Oct) 8Getting There & Away The Ullswater Bus-and-Boat Combo ticket (adult/child/family £15.50/8.50/33) includes a day's travel on bus 108 with a return trip on an Ullswater Steamer; buy the ticket on the bus. A **108** Travels from Penrith to Patterdale via Pooley Bridge and Glenridding (£5.50 to £6.50, five daily Monday to Friday, four on weekends). ### Kendal Pop 28,586 Technically Kendal isn't in the Lake District, but it's a major gateway town. Often known as the 'Auld Grey Town' thanks to the sombre grey stone used for many of its buildings, Kendal is a bustling shopping centre with some good restaurants, a funky arts centre and intriguing museums. But it'll forever be synonymous in many people's minds with its famous mint cake, a staple item in the nation's hiking packs ever since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay munched it during their ascent of Everest in 1953. 1Sights Kendal MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kendalmuseum.org.uk; Station Rd; h10.30am-5pm Tue-Sat) F Founded in 1796 by the inveterate Victorian collector William Todhunter, this mixed-bag museum features everything from stuffed beasts and transfixed butterflies to medieval coin hoards. There's also a reconstruction of the office of Alfred Wainwright, who served as honorary curator at the museum from 1945 to 1974: look out for his pipe and knapsack. Abbot Hall Art GalleryGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.abbothall.org.uk; adult/child £5/free; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) Kendal's fine art gallery houses one of the northwest's best collections of 18th- and 19th-century art. It's especially strong on portraiture and Lakeland landscapes: look out for works by Constable, John Ruskin and local boy George Romney, a key figure in the Kendal School. Museum of Lakeland Life & IndustryMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lakelandmuseum.org.uk; adult/child £5/free; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Mar-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Feb) Directly opposite Abbot Hall, this museum recreates various scenes from Lakeland life during the 18th and 19th centuries, including a farmhouse parlour, a Lakeland kitchen, an apothecary and the study of Arthur Ransome, author of _Swallows and Amazons_. zFestivals & Events Kendal Mountain FestivalOUTDOORS (www.mountainfest.co.uk) Annual mountain-themed celebration encompassing films, books and talks in November. 4Sleeping Crosthwaite HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015395-68264; www.crosthwaitehouse.co.uk; d £80; p W) Zingy and zesty, this bright number has lots of imagination: the six rooms are colourfully decorated with swirly wallpapers, funky fabrics and retro furniture, and all named after a type of damson fruit. Tasty breakfast options include blueberry pancakes and huevos rancheros. It's in Crosthwaite, about 6 miles west of Kendal. Beech HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01539-720385; www.beechhouse-kendal.co.uk; 40 Greenside; d £75-100; p W) Top Kendal honours go to this extremely elegant B&B at the top of the steep hill of Beast Banks. Rooms are a prim-and-proper treat: some feature sleigh beds and fluffy cushions, others freestanding baths and comfy sofas. 5Eating Baba GanoushDELI ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01539-738210; Finkle St; mains £5-8; h9.30am-4pm Tue-Sat) Delicious Mediterranean-tinged food such as falafels, lamb stews, veggie mezze and Moroccan tagines are served at this super cafe-deli down a side alley. Waterside WholefoodsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Kent View; light meals £4-10; h8.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) S Kendal's veggies make a beeline for this riverside cafe, a long-standing staple for filling sandwiches, flapjacks and naughty-but-nice cakes. 1657 Chocolate HouseCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 54 Branthwaite Brow; lunches £3-8) A chocoholics' delight: handmade chocolates and Kendal mint cake in the basement, plus umpteen varieties of hot chocolate in the upstairs cafe. New MoonBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01539-729254; www.newmoonrestaurant.co.uk; 129 Highgate; mains £11.95-16.95; h11.30am-2.15pm & 5.30-9pm Tue-Sat) A good bet for a pre-theatre supper, the New Moon is one of Kendal's longest-standing bistros, strong on filling dishes spiced with Asian and African flavours. The two-course pre-7pm menu is great value at £13.50. Grain StoreBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Highgate; pizzas £6.50-10, mains £10-16.50; h10am-11pm Mon-Sat) The Brewery Arts Centre's restaurant does a decent line in pub grub and stone-baked pizzas. oPunch Bowl InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015395-68237; www.the-punchbowl.co.uk; Crosthwaite; mains £14.50-19.95; hnoon-4pm & 5.30-8.30pm; p) This country inn in Crosthwaite, halfway between Kendal and Bowness, is one of the Lake District's epicurian pubs par excellence. Chef Scott Fairweather favours classic flavours, but his menu is sprinkled with cheffy ingredients such as salsify, pickled carrot, pak choi and cep purées. The elegant rooms are lovely too (£105 to £305), with reclaimed beams and Roberts Revival radios. 3Entertainment Brewery Arts CentreTHEATRE, CINEMA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01539-725133; www.breweryarts.co.uk; Highgate) One of the best arts centres in the northwest, with a gallery, cafe, theatre and two cinemas, with regular live events to boot. 8Getting There & Around The train line from Windermere runs to Kendal (£4.50, 15 minutes, hourly) en route to Oxenholme. A **Bus 106** To Penrith (£4.50, 80 minutes, six to eight daily Monday to Saturday). A **Bus 505** To Windermere, Ambleside, Hawkshead and Coniston (£9.30, hourly including Sundays). A **Buses 555/556** Regular bus (£8 to £9.30, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly at weekends) to Windermere (30 minutes), Ambleside (40 minutes) and Grasmere (1¼ hours). ### Around Kendal The countryside around Kendal feels gentler than the dramatic fells and valleys of the rest of the Lakes. It's mainly worth visiting for its stately homes and one of the county's top farm shops. 1Sights Sizergh CastleCASTLE (NT; %015395-60070; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/sizergh-castle; adult/child £9.45/4.73, gardens only £5.85/2.93; hhouse 1-5pm Sun-Thu, gardens 11am-5pm daily) Three-and-a-half miles south of Kendal along the A591, this castle is the feudal seat of the Strickland family. Set around a _pele_ tower, its finest asset is the lavish wood panelling on display in the Great Hall. There are private house tours between noon and 1pm. Levens HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( %015395-60321; www.levenshall.co.uk; adult/child £12.50/free, garden only £8.50/free; hhouse noon-4.30pm, gardens 10am-5pm Sun-Thu Mar-Oct) This Elizabethan manor is built around a mid-13th-century _pele_ tower, and fine Jacobean furniture litters the house, although the real draw is the 17th-century topiary garden: a surreal riot of pyramids, swirls, curls, pom-poms and peacocks straight out of _Alice in Wonderland_. It's 2 miles south from Sizergh Castle along the A6. The 555/556 bus runs past the castle gates. 7Shopping Low Sizergh BarnFOOD ( %015395-60426; www.lowsizerghbarn.co.uk; h9am-5.30pm) A prodigious selection of Lakeland goodies are available at this beamed farm shop, one of the Lake District's very best. Breads from Grange Bakery, meats from Mansergh Hall, cheeses from Thornby Moor Dairy and beers from the Coniston Brewery Co are just some of the gourmet treats in store. There's also a farm trail and woodland walk to follow if the weather's nice. Look out for the signs just outside Kendal on the A590. #### DON'T MISS ### LA'AL RATTY oRavenglass & Eskdale RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01229-717171; www.ravenglass-railway.co.uk; adult/child/family return £13/16.50/33) Officially known as the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, but universally known hereabouts as La'al Ratty, this pocket-sized railway was originally built to ferry iron ore from the Eskdale mines out to the coast. These days it's one of Cumbria's most beloved family attractions, with miniature steam trains that chug for 7 miles down the Eskdale valley between the coastal town of Ravenglass and the village of Dalegarth. Even if you're not a train nerd, it's a fabulously odd way to see the Lake District countryside. There are between seven and 14 trains a day depending on the season, and the trains stop at various stations en route. ## Cumbrian Coast While the central lakes and fells pull in a never-ending stream of visitors, surprisingly few ever make the trek west to explore Cumbria's coastline. And that's a shame: while it might not compare to the wild grandeur of Northumberland or the rugged splendour of Scotland's shores, Cumbria's coast is well worth exploring. Less attractive is the nuclear plant of Sellafield, still stirring up controversy some 50 years after its construction. 1Sights Holker HallHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %015395-58328; www.holker.co.uk; adult/child £12/free; hhouse 11am-4pm Sun-Fri, grounds 10.30am-4.30pm Mar-Oct, longer hrs Jul & Aug) Holker Hall has been the family seat of the Cavendish family for nigh on 400 years. Though parts of the house date from the 16th century, the house was almost entirely rebuilt following a devastating fire in 1871. It's a typically ostentatious Victorian affair, covered with mullioned windows, gables and copper-topped turrets outside, and filled inside with a warren of lavishly over-the-top rooms. The estate is about 3 miles east of Cartmel on the B5278. Of particular note are the library and lavish Long Gallery (renowned for its elaborate plasterwork) and the amazing Wedgwood Dressing Rooms, covered in blue-and-white Wedgwood Jasperware. Also look out for various pieces of priceless Chippendale furniture, especially in the Drawing Room. Outside, Holker's grounds sprawl for more than 10 hectares, encompassing a rose garden, a woodland, ornamental fountains and a 22m-high lime tree. There's also a food hall stocking produce from the estate, including venison and saltmarsh lamb. Muncaster CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.muncaster.co.uk; adult/child £13/7.50; hgardens & owl centre 10.30am-5pm, castle noon-4.30pm Sun-Fri) Like many Cumbrian castles, Muncaster was originally built around a 14th-century _pele_ tower, constructed to resist Reiver raids. Home to the Pennington family for seven centuries, the castle's architectural highlights are its great hall and octagonal library, and outside you'll find an ornamental maze and owl centre. The castle is also known for its numerous ghosts: keep your eyes peeled for the Muncaster Boggle and a malevolent jester known as Tom Fool (hence 'tomfoolery'). The castle is about 1.5 miles east of Ravenglass. Laurel & Hardy MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01229-582292; www.laurel-and-hardy.co.uk; Brogden St, Ulverston; adult/child £4.50/2.50; h10am-5pm Tue & Thu-Sun) Founded by avid Laurel and Hardy collector Bill Cubin back in 1983, this madcap museum in Ulverston (the birthplace of Stan Laurel) has new premises inside the town's old Roxy cinema. It's crammed floor-to-ceiling with cinematic memorabilia, from original posters to film props, and there's a shoebox-sized cinema showing back-to-back Laurel and Hardy classics. Furness AbbeyABBEY (EH; adult/child £4.20/2.50; h10am-6pm) Eight-and-a-half miles southwest of Ulverston, the rosy ruins of Furness Abbey are all that remains of one of northern England's largest and most powerful monasteries. Founded in the 12th century, it met an ignominious end in 1537 during the Dissolution. You can make out its footprint; arches, windows and some transept walls are still standing, along with the shell of the bell tower. A recently unearthed gold crozier and gemstone ring are displayed in the **abbey museum** with other archaeological finds. Several buses, including bus X35, stop nearby. St Bees HeadWILDLIFE RESERVE (RSPB; stbees.head@rspb.org.uk) Five-and-a-half miles south of Whitehaven and 1.5 miles north of the tiny town of St Bees, this wind-battered headland is one of Cumbria's most important reserves for nesting seabirds. Depending on the season, species nesting here include fulmars, kittiwakes and razorbills, as well as Britain's only population of resident black guillemots. There are over 2 miles of cliff paths to explore. #### WORTH A TRIP ### CARTMEL Tiny Cartmel is known for three things: its 12th-century priory ( h9am-5.30pm May-Oct, to 3.30pm Nov-Apr), its **miniature racecourse** and its world-famous sticky toffee pudding, sold at the Cartmel Village Shop ( %015395-36280; www.stickytoffeepudding.co.uk; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4.30pm Sun). More recently it's become known as the home of chef Simon Rogan (dubbed Cumbria's answer to Heston Blumenthal). His flagship restaurant, L'Enclume ( %015395-36362; www.lenclume.co.uk; Cavendish St; set lunch £45, dinner menu £120; hnoon-1pm Wed-Sun & 6.30-9pm daily), showcases his boundary-pushing cuisine and madcap presentation, as well as his passion for foraged ingredients. He also runs a less formal bistro, Rogan & Company ( %015395-35917; www.roganandcompany.co.uk; The Square; 3-course menu £40; hnoon-2pm Tue-Sat, 6.30-9pm Mon-Sat), across the village. Bookings for both are essential. 8Getting Around The Furness and Cumbrian Coast railway lines loop 120 miles from Lancaster to Carlisle, stopping at the coastal resorts of Grange, Ulverston, Ravenglass, Whitehaven and Workington. The Cumbrian Coast Day Ranger (adult/child £19/9.50) covers a day's unlimited travel on the line, and works out cheaper than a return journey from Carlisle or Lancaster. ## Northern & Eastern Cumbria Many visitors speed through the northern and eastern reaches of Cumbria in a headlong dash for the Lake District, but it's worth taking the time to venture inland from the national park. It might not have the big-name fells and chocolate-box villages, but it's full of interest: traditional towns, crumbling castles, abandoned abbeys and sweeping moors, all set alongside the magnificent Roman engineering project of Hadrian's Wall. ### Carlisle Pop 75,306 Carlisle isn't Britain's prettiest city, but it has history and heritage aplenty. Precariously perched on the frontier between England and Scotland, in the area once ominously dubbed the 'Debatable Lands', Cumbria's capital is a city with a notoriously stormy past: sacked by the Vikings, pillaged by the Scots, and plundered by the Border Reivers, the city has been on the frontline of England's defences for more than 1000 years. Reminders of the past are evident in its great crimson castle and cathedral, built from the same rosy-red sandstone as most of the city's houses. On English St, you can also see two massive circular **towers** which once flanked the city's gateway. The nearest section of Hadrian's Wall begins at nearby Brampton. 1Sights oCarlisle CastleCASTLE (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/carlisle-castle; Castle Way; adult/child £5.90/3.50; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Oct-Mar) Carlisle's brooding, rust-red castle lurks on the north side of the city. Founded around a Celtic and Roman stronghold, the Norman keep was added in 1092 by William Rufus, and later refortified by Henry II, Edward I and Henry VIII (who added the supposedly cannon-proof towers). From the battlements, the stirring views stretch as far as the Scottish borders. The castle has witnessed some dramatic events over the centuries: Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned here in 1568, and the castle was the site of a notorious eight-month siege during the English Civil War, when the Royalist garrison survived by eating rats, mice and the castle dogs before finally surrendering in 1645. Look out for some medieval graffiti and the 'licking stones' in the dungeon, which Jacobite prisoners supposedly lapped for moisture. Admission includes entry to the **Kings Own Royal Border Regiment Museum** , which details the history of Cumbria's Infantry Regiment. There are guided tours from April to September. Carlisle CathedralCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.carlislecathedral.org.uk; 7 The Abbey; suggested donation £5, photography £1; h7.30am-6.15pm Mon-Sat, to 5pm Sun) Built from the same red sandstone as the castle, Carlisle's cathedral began life as a priory church in 1122, and became a cathedral when its first abbot, Athelwold, became the first Bishop of Carlisle. Among its notable features are the 15th-century choir stalls, the barrel-vaulted roof and the 14th-century East Window, one of the largest Gothic windows in England. Surrounding the cathedral are other priory relics, including the 16th-century **Fratry** and the **Prior's Tower**. Tullie House MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tulliehouse.co.uk; Castle St; adult/child £7/free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Carlisle's main museum covers the city's past, from Roman foundations to the present day. There's an awesome view of the castle from the rooftop Lookout. The highlight is the Roman Frontier Gallery, which uses a mix of archaeological exhibits and interactive displays to tell the story of the Roman occupation of Carlisle. Upstairs, the Border Galleries cover the rest of the city's history, from the Bronze Age through to the Border Reivers, the Jacobite Rebellion and the Industrial Revolution. The Carlisle Life Gallery details the city's social history through photos, films and archive recordings, and Old Tullie House has a collection of art, sculpture and porcelain. 4Sleeping Carlisle's accommodation leaves a lot to be desired. The B&Bs in the centre are pretty uninspiring, so you're better off heading further out. Warwick LodgeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-523796; www.warwicklodgecarlisle.co.uk; 112 Warwick Rd; s/d £40/75) Decent budget B&B, with clean rooms, flouncy furnishings and a generous breakfast. Willowbeck LodgeB&B ( %01228-513607; www.willowbeck-lodge.com; Lambley Bank, Scotby; d £100-130; p W) Escape the city hustle at this modern house, 3 miles from the centre. Six deluxe rooms are closer to hotel standard than B&B, offering tasteful shades of beige and taupe, luxurious bathrooms and a gabled lounge overlooking a private pond. Premier Inn Carlisle CentralHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 527 8210; www.premierinn.com; Warwick Rd; d from £60; p W) A Premier Inn it may be, but this is actually one of Carlisle's best-value and best-located options. It's about a mile from the centre along Warwick Rd, and offers the usual bog-standard facilities: decent-sized rooms, generic decor, wi-fi and plenty of parking. It's about a mile east of the centre on Warwick Rd. Warwick HallB&B ( %01228-561546; www.warwickhall.org; Warwick-on-Eden; s £95, d £126-180) This fine country house 2 miles from the centre along Warwick Rd is a real country retreat. With its huge rooms, high ceilings and antique decor, it feels a bit like staying on an aristocratic friend's estate. There are acres of grounds and it even has its own stretch of river for fishing. 5Eating Shabby ScholarCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-402813; 11-13 Carlyle Court; mains £7-10; h9.30am-9pm Tue-Sat) As its name suggests, this popular place is stylishly shabby, with scruffy furniture, a bar made out of old crates and a determinedly chilled vibe. It's great for tapas and light bites such as pulled-pork rolls, mackerel salad and 'carnivore' nachos, but doesn't take bookings. Prior's Kitchen RestaurantCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Carlisle Cathedral; lunches £4-6; h9.45am-4pm Mon-Sat) Carlisle's best place for traditional afternoon tea is in the cathedral's fratry, once used as a monk's mess hall. Foxes Cafe LoungeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.foxescafelounge.co.uk; 18 Abbey St; mains £4-10; h10am-7pm Tue-Thu, to 11pm Fri, to 4.30pm Sat) This cool cafe-gallery provides a venue for all kinds of creative happenings, from open-mic nights and live gigs to photo exhibitions. Count on Continental cafe food and excellent coffee. David'sBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-523578; www.davidsrestaurant.co.uk; 62 Warwick Rd; 2-course lunch £13.95, 2-course dinner £18.95; hnoon-3.30pm & 6.30-11pm Tue-Sat) For sit-down dining in Carlisle, David's town-house restaurant is definitely the place. Gourmet gastronomy is the order of the day here – herb-crusted lamb, saffron-infused cod or roast Goosnargh duck – with a formal setting to match (think chandeliers, fireplaces, cornicing). Holme BistroBRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-534343; www.holmebistro.co.uk; 56-58 Denton St; mains £10.95-15.95; h12.30-2pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat) This slick bistro is run by brother-and-sister team Rob Don and Kirsty Robson, and has earned a loyal clientele for its unpretentious cuisine. 6Drinking & Entertainment Botchergate's the centre of Carlisle's nightlife, but it gets rowdy at closing time. FatsPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-511774; 48 Abbey St; h11am-11pm) A less hectic alternative to Botchergate's pubs. DJs and comedy nights are held regularly. Hell Below & CoBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-548481; 14 Devonshire St; hnoon-1am) Bare brick and wood floors give this lively bar a hint of hipsterdom; the house specialities are mojitos and craft beer, ideally served with a wood-fired pizza. BrickyardCONCERT VENUE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebrickyardonline.com; 14 Fisher St) Carlisle's grungy gig venue, housed in the former Memorial Hall. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01228-625600; www.historic-carlisle.org.uk; Greenmarket; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun) 8Getting There & Away Bus National Express coaches depart from the bus station on Lonsdale St for destinations including London (£22 to £34.80, 7½ hours, two direct daily), Manchester (£22.90 to £27.40, three to 3½ hours, four daily) and Glasgow (£16.40 to £19.50, two hours, four to six daily). A **104** To Penrith (£5.40, 40 minutes, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, nine on Sunday). A **554** To Keswick (£7.75, 70 minutes, four daily Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday). Train Carlisle is on the west coast line from London to Glasgow. It's also the terminus for the scenic Cumbrian Coast and Tyne Valley Lines, as well as the historic Settle to Carlisle Railway (www.settle-carlisle.co.uk; anytime single to Settle £20.30, anytime return £26.20) across the Yorkshire Dales. Main destinations: A **Glasgow** £27, 1¼ hours A **Lancaster** £29.70, 45 minutes A **London Euston** £109.70, 3½ hours A **Manchester** £53, two hours A **Newcastle-upon-Tyne** £15.50, 1½ hours 8Getting Around To book a taxi, call Radio Taxis ( %01228-527575) or Cumbria Cabs ( %01228-899599). ### Alston Pop 1105 Surrounded by the bleak hilltops of the Pennines, isolated Alston's main claim to fame is its elevation: at 305m above sea level, it's thought to be the highest market town in England (despite no longer having a market). It's also famous among steam enthusiasts thanks to the South Tynedale Railway ( %01434-381696, timetable 01434-382828; www.south-tynedale-railway.org.uk; adult/child return to Lintley £10/4; hApr-Oct), which puffs and clatters through the hilly country between Alston and Lintley, along a route that originally operated from 1852 to 1976. The line was partly reopened by enthusiasts in 1983. It's now run as a registered charity, and a recent £4.2 million lottery grant will fund the long-awaited extension of the line all the way to Slaggyford over the next few years. The return trip takes about an hour; there are up to five daily trains in midsummer. #### OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ### HAWESWATER & LOWTHER The most easterly of the Lake District's waters, **Haweswater** is also one of its most remote; it can only be reached via a narrow, winding road. In fact, it's not actually a lake but an artificial reservoir, created in 1935; sometimes during exceptionally dry spells, the remains of the drowned village of Mardale appear above the waterline. It's a great area to escape the hiking crowds, and is popular with wildlife-spotters too; sometimes golden eagles can be seen soaring over the fells. Nearby is the sprawling estate of Lowther ( %01931-712192; www.lowthercastle.org; admission £8; h10am-5pm), which belonged to one of the Lake District's most venerable families and is currently undergoing a huge, multimillion-pound restoration project. The 400-year-old crenellated castle and the estate's grounds are now open to the public for the first time in many years; though the castle itself is to remain a ruin, restoration work is slowly breathing life back into the gardens, which have been largely forgotten since the estate fell into disrepair following WWII. The estate has a new cafe and shop, but the nearby George & Dragon ( %01768-865381; www.georgeanddragonclifton.co.uk; mains £12.95-21.95; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) in Clifton is the best bet for lunch. ### Penrith Pop 15,181 Just outside the borders of the national park, red-brick Penrith perhaps has more in common with the stout market towns of the Yorkshire Dales. It's a solid, traditional place, with plenty of cosy pubs and quaint teashops, and a lively market on Tuesdays. It's also the main gateway for exploring the picturesque Eden Valley. Two miles west of Penrith, the Rheged visitor centre (www.rheged.com; h10am-6pm) houses a large-screen Imax cinema and retail hall. The name commemorates the Celtic kingdom of Rheged, of which the Eden Valley was once the centre. 1Sights Penrith CastleRUINS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h7.30am-9pm Easter-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Easter) The ruins of Penrith Castle loom on the edge of town, opposite the train station. Built in the 14th century, by William Strickland (later Bishop of Carlisle and Archbishop of Canterbury), it was later expanded by Richard III to resist Scottish raids, one of which razed the town in 1345. 4Sleeping BrooklandsB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01768-863395; www.brooklandsguesthouse.com; 2 Portland Pl; s £40, d £80-90; W) The town's most elegant B&B is this Victorian red-brick on Portland Pl. Rich furnishings and posh extras (such as White Company toiletries, fridges and chocolates on the tea tray) keep it a cut above the competition. oAugill CastleHOTEL ( %01768-341967; www.stayinacastle.com; Kirkby Stephen; r £170-240; p W) If you've always dreamt of staying in a bona-fide British castle, then this stately pile in Kirkby Stephen is definitely the place. All the trappings are here – crenellated turrets, stained-glass windows, cavernous rooms – and inside the design vibe is rather groovy, with a mix of antique furniture and contemporary furnishings. There's even a mini-cinema. It's 25 miles southeast of Penrith. George HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01768-862696; www.lakedistricthotels.net/georgehotel; Devonshire St; d £134-204; p W) Penrith's venerable red-brick coaching inn offers classically decorated rooms in prim stripes and country patterns, plus a quaint bar and restaurant. 5Eating No 15CAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 15 Victoria Rd; lunches £6-10; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Lively cafe-cum-art emporium specialising in gourmet lunch fare such as ciabattas, burgers, salads and veggie quiches. After lunch, browse the latest exhibition in the attached gallery. oFour & TwentyBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01768-210231; www.fourandtwentypenrith.co.uk; 14 King St; mains £13-16; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9.30pm) Proper fine dining with a reasonable price tag is the modus operandi at this much-admired new bistro, which blends sleek decor with rustic wood, banquette seats and mix-and-match furniture. Expect sophisticated dishes such as twice-baked Stilton soufflé and braised blade of beef with caramelised onion rosti. If you're going to eat out in Penrith, this is the place to do it. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01768-867466; pen.tic@eden.gov.uk; Middlegate; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1-4.45pm Sun) Also houses Penrith's tiny museum. 8Getting There & Away There are frequent train connections to Carlisle (£7.30, 15 minutes) and Lancaster (£16.80, one hour). The bus station is northeast of the centre, off Sandgate. A **104** To Carlisle (£5.40, 40 minutes, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, nine on Sunday). A **X4/X5** Via Rheged, Keswick and Cockermouth to the Cumbrian coast (£6.40 to £7.60, half-hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday). # Newcastle & Northeast England #### Newcastle & Northeast England Highlights #### Newcastle-upon-Tyne #### Around Newcastle #### Angel of the North #### Tynemouth #### Segedunum #### Hartlepool #### County Durham #### Durham #### Barnard Castle #### North Pennines #### Hadrian's Wall #### Corbridge #### Hexham #### Chesters Roman Fort & Museum #### Haltwhistle & Around #### Northumberland National Park #### Northumberland Coast #### Driving Tour #### Alnwick #### Craster #### Embleton Bay #### Farne Islands #### Bamburgh #### Holy Island (Lindisfarne) #### Berwick-upon-Tweed # Newcastle & Northeast England ### Why Go? The irrepressible city of Newcastle-upon-Tyne anchors England's northeast. Set on the mighty River Tyne, this former industrial powerhouse's steep hills are lined with handsome Victorian buildings, and many of its one-time factories and warehouses have been transformed into galleries, museums, bars and entertainment venues. Newcastle's nightlife is legendary and revelling in an evening on the tiles here is a quintessential experience. Newcastle is also an ideal gateway for escaping into the northeast's utterly wild, starkly beautiful countryside – from the rounded Cheviot Hills to brooding Northumberland National Park and the remote North Pennines. Spectacular Hadrian's Wall cuts a lonely path through the landscape, dotted with dramatic fortress ruins that are haunting reminders of the bloody struggle with the Scots to the north, while the region's unspoilt coastline takes in long, desolate beaches, wind-worn castles and tiny, magical islands offshore. ### When to Go AMay in the northeast brings the chance to celebrate all things Roman at the week-long Hadrian's Wall Festival. AThe best time to discover the region's miles of wide sandy beaches is during the summer season (June to August), although for surfers, Tynemouth's world-class waves are best (if chilliest) in winter and spring. ASeptember through October is great for losing yourself in the autumnal landscapes of the North Pennines. ASeptember is also the month to grab a Newkie Brown ale, or your running shoes, and join the party along the route of Tyneside's Great North Run, one of the world's biggest half marathons. ### Best Places to Eat AJolly Fisherman AMizen Head ABouchon Bistrot ABlackfriars ABroad Chare ### Best Places to Stay AOtterburn Castle AJesmond Dene House AAshcroft A2 The Crofts AAlnwick Lodge ## Newcastle & Northeast England Highlights 1 Exploring a coal wagon tunnel and WWII air-raid shelter beneath Newcastle's streets on a Victoria Tunnel Tour 2 Stargazing from Kielder Observatory in the newly minted Northumberland International Dark Sky Park 3 Negotiating the tidal causeway to reach otherworldly Holy Island (Lindisfarne) 4 Viewing extraordinary objets d'art in the chateau-housed Bowes Museum at Barnard Castle 5 Circumnavigating the Elizabethan walls of England's northernmost city, Berwick-upon-Tweed 6 Cruising on the tranquil River Wear, taking in Durham's city, castle and wondrous cathedral 7 Hiking along the Roman remains of Hadrian's Wall 8 Learning about the fascinating maritime and wartime history of Hartlepool 9 Reliving the northeast's Industrial Age at Beamish Open-Air Museum a Wandering the halls of Harry Potter's Hogwarts, aka Alnwick Castle History Violent history has shaped this region more than any other in England, primarily because of its frontier position. Although Hadrian's Wall didn't serve as a defensive barrier, it marked the northern limit of Roman Britain and was the empire's most heavily fortified line. Following the Romans' departure, the region became part of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia, which united with the kingdom of Deira (encompassing much of modern-day Yorkshire) to form Northumbria in 604. The kingdom changed hands and borders shifted several times over the next 500 years as Anglo-Saxons and Danes struggled to seize it. The land north of the River Tweed was finally ceded to Scotland in 1018, while the nascent kingdom of England kept everything below it. The arrival of the Normans in 1066 saw William I eager to secure his northern borders against the Scots. He commissioned most of the castles you see along the coast, and cut deals with the prince bishops of Durham to ensure their loyalty. The new lords of Northumberland became very powerful because, as Marcher Lords (from the use of 'march' as a synonym of 'border'), they kept the Scots at bay. Northumberland's reputation as a hotbed of rebellion intensified during the Tudor years, when the largely Catholic north, led by the seventh duke of Northumberland, Thomas Percy, rose up against Elizabeth I in the defeated Rising of the North in 1569. The Border Reivers, raiders from both sides of the border in the 16th century, kept the region in a perpetual state of lawlessness that only subsided after the Act of Union between England and Scotland in 1707. Coal mines were the key to the 19th-century industrialisation of the northeast, powering steelworks, shipyards and armament works that grew up along the Tyne and Tees. In 1825 the mines also spawned the world's first steam railway, the Stockton & Darlington, built by local engineer George Stephenson. Social strife emerged in the 20th century, however, with mines, shipbuilding, steel production and the railway industry all winding down during the Great Depression and postwar years. Reinventing the northeast has been a mammoth task but regeneration continues apace. 2Activities Walking and cycling opportunities abound in this region, but be prepared for wind and rain at any time of year and for very harsh conditions in winter. Regional tourism websites all contain walking and cycling information, and tourist offices stock free leaflets, plus maps and guides covering walking, cycling and other activities. Cycling The northeast has some of England's most inspiring cycle routes. Part of the National Cycle Network (NCN), a longtime favourite is the Coast & Castles Cycle Route (www.coast-and-castles.co.uk; NCN Route 1), which runs south–north along the glorious Northumberland coast between Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Berwick-upon-Tweed and Edinburgh, Scotland. The 140-mile Sea to Sea Cycle Route (C2C; www.c2c-guide.co.uk) runs across northern England between the Cumbrian coast (Whitehaven or Workington) and Tynemouth or Sunderland via the northern Lake District and wild North Pennines' hills. The other coast-to-coast option is the Hadrian's Cycleway (www.cycle-routes.org), a 175-mile route between South Shields or Tynemouth and Ravenglass in Cumbria along Hadrian's Wall. Walking The North Pennines – along with the Cheviots further north – are considered 'England's last wilderness'. Long routes through the hills include the famous **Pennine Way National Trail** , which keeps mainly to the high ground between the Yorkshire Dales and the Scottish border, but also crosses sections of river valley and some tedious patches of plantation. The whole route is around 270 miles, but the 70-mile section between Bowes and Hadrian's Wall is a fine four-day taster. **Hadrian's Wall** has a huge range of easy loop walks taking in forts and other historical highlights. One of the finest walks along the windswept **Northumberland coast** , between the villages of Craster and Bamburgh via Dunstanburgh, includes two of the region's most spectacular castles. 8Getting There & Around Bus Bus transport around the region can be difficult, particularly around the more remote reaches of western Northumberland. Contact Traveline ( %0871-200 2233; www.travelinenortheast.info) for information on connections, timetables and prices. Several one-day Explorer tickets are available; always ask if one might be appropriate. The Explorer North East (adult/child £9/8), available on buses, covers Berwick-upon-Tweed south to Scarborough, and allows unlimited travel for one day, as well as numerous admission discounts. Train The East Coast Main Line runs north from London King's Cross to Edinburgh via Durham, Newcastle and Berwick; Northern Rail operates local and inter-urban services in the north, including west to Carlisle. There are numerous Rover tickets for single-day travel and longer periods; check www.railrover.org. ## Newcastle-upon-Tyne Pop 279,100 Against its dramatic backdrop of Victorian elegance and industrial grit, this fiercely independent city harbours a spirited mix of heritage and urban sophistication, with excellent new art galleries and a magnificent concert hall, along with boutique hotels, some exceptional restaurants and, of course, interesting bars; Newcastle is renowned throughout Britain for its thumping nightlife, bolstered by an energetic student population. The city retains deep-rooted traditions, embodied by the no-nonsense, likeable locals. Raised and subsequently abandoned by coal and steel, Geordies (as locals are dubbed, possibly due to support for George II during the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion or to miners' use of safety lamps designed by George Stephenson – no one knows for sure) are united through history, adversity and that impenetrable dialect – the closest language to 1500-year-old Anglo-Saxon left in England. Allow at least a few days to explore the Victorian city centre and quayside areas along the Tyne and across the river in Gateshead, as well as the rejuvenated Ouseburn Valley to the east, shabby-chic Jesmond to the north, and, on the coast, the surf beaches of Tynemouth. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1Top Sights 1BALTIC – Centre for Contemporary ArtD3 2Discovery MuseumA3 3Great North MuseumB1 4Life Science CentreA4 1Sights 5Bessie Surtees HouseC3 6Biscuit FactoryD1 7Castle Garth KeepC3 8Laing Art GalleryC2 4Sleeping 9Grey Street HotelC2 10MalmaisonD3 11Royal Station HotelB3 5Eating 12BlackfriarsA2 13Broad ChareC3 14Oak NewcastleC3 15Quay IngredientC3 16Silk RoomC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 17Centurion BarB3 18DigitalA3 19Eazy StreetA3 20LoftA3 21PowerhouseA3 22QB Tea HouseB1 23Trent HouseB1 24World HeadquartersC2 3Entertainment 25Sage GatesheadD3 26St James ParkA1 27Theatre RoyalB2 28Tyneside CinemaB2 7Shopping 29Grainger MarketB2 30Newcastle Quayside MarketC3 1Sights #### City Centre Newcastle's grand Victorian centre, a compact area bordered roughly by Grainger St to the west and Pilgrim St to the east, is one of the most compelling examples of urban rejuvenation in England. Down by the quays are the city's most recognisable attractions – the iconic bridges that span the Tyne and the striking buildings that flank it. Castle Garth KeepCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.castlekeep-newcastle.org.uk; Castle Garth; adult/child £4/free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) The stronghold that put both the 'new' and 'castle' into Newcastle has been largely swallowed up by the train station, leaving only the square Norman keep as one of the few remaining fragments. Inside you'll discover a fine chevron-covered chapel and an exhibition of architectural models ranging from Hadrian's Wall to 20th-century eyesores. The 360-degree city views from the rooftop are the best in town. oDiscovery MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.discoverymuseum.org.uk; Blandford Sq; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun) F Tyneside's rich history is explored at this unmissable museum. Exhibitions are spread across three floors of the former Co-operative Wholesale Society building around the mightily impressive 30m-long _Turbinia,_ the fastest ship in the world in 1897 and the first to be powered by steam turbine. Other highlights are a section on shipbuilding on the Tyne, with a scale model of the river in 1929, and the 'Story of Newcastle' spanning the city's history from Pons Aelius (Roman Newcastle) to Cheryl Cole. oGreat North MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-208 6765; www.greatnorthmuseum.org.uk; Barras Bridge; general admission free, planetarium adult/child £3/2; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) The contents of Newcastle University's museums and the prestigious Hancock Museum's natural history exhibits come together in the latter's neoclassical building. The result is a fascinating jumble of dinosaurs, Roman altar stones, Egyptian mummies, Samurai warriors and impressive taxidermy. Standout exhibits include a life-size Tyrannosaurus rex recreation and an interactive model of Hadrian's Wall showing every milecastle and fortress. There's also lots of hands-on stuff for kids and a planetarium with screenings throughout the day. Laing Art GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.laingartgallery.org.uk; New Bridge St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F The exceptional collection at the Laing includes works by Gainsborough, Gauguin and Henry Moore, and an important collection of paintings by Northumberland-born artist John Martin (1789–1854). Check the 'What's On' section of the website for free events including talks and tours. oLife Science CentreSCIENCE CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-243 8210; www.life.org.uk; Times Sq; family/adult/child £29.50/12/7.50; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-8pm Thurs, 11am-6pm Sun ) Part of a sober-minded institute devoted to the study of genetic science, this centre lets you discover the secrets of life through a fascinating series of hands-on exhibits. The highlight is the Motion Ride, a simulator that lets you 'experience' bungee jumping and the like (the 3D film changes every year). There are lots of thought-provoking arcade-style games, and if the information sometimes gets lost on the way, never mind, kids will love it. Book ahead at busy times. Bessie Surtees HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (EH; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; 41-44 Sandhill; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri) F The Tyne's northern bank was the hub of commercial Newcastle in the 16th century and on Sandhill a row of leaning merchant houses has survived from that era. One of them is Bessie Surtees House, where three rooms are open to the public. The daughter of a wealthy banker, feisty Bessie annoyed Daddy by falling in love with pauper John Scott (1751–1838). It all ended in smiles as John went on to become Lord Chancellor. ### BRIDGING THE TYNE The most famous view in Newcastle is the cluster of Tyne bridges, the most famous of these being the **Tyne Bridge** (1925–28). Its resemblance to Australia's Sydney Harbour Bridge (1923–32) is no coincidence, as both were built by the same company, Dorman Long of Middlesbrough. The quaint little **Swing Bridge** (1876) pivots in the middle to let ships through. Nearby, the **High Level Bridge** (1849) designed by Robert Stephenson, was the world's first combined road and railway bridge. The most recent addition is the multiple-award-winning **Millennium Bridge** (aka Blinking Bridge; 2002), which opens like an eyelid to let ships pass. Beneath the Tyne between Howdon in North Tyneside and Jarrow in South Tyneside, east of the centre, are the Grade II-listed, 1951-built Tyne Pedestrian and Cyclist Tunnels (www.tynepedestrianandcyclisttunnels.co.uk) as well as two tollway vehicle tunnels (TT2; www.tt2.co.uk; one-way £1.60, notes & copper coins not accepted). #### Ouseburn Valley Around a mile east of the city centre, Newcastle's 19th-century industrial heartland, Ouseburn Valley, is now an up-and-coming, semi-regenerated district, with potteries, glass-blowing studios and other creative workspaces, along with pubs, bars and entertainment venues. oVictoria TunnelHISTORIC SITE ( %0191-261 6596; www.ouseburntrust.org.uk; adult/child £6/3; hby reservation) Walking Newcastle's streets, you'd never know this extraordinary tunnel runs for 4km beneath your feet. Built between 1839 and 1842 as a thoroughfare for coal wagons, it was used as an air-raid shelter during WWII. Volunteer-led, two-hour tours take you through an atmospheric 700m-long level section of the tunnel. Book ahead as numbers are limited to 12 participants, and wear good shoes and a washable jacket for the limewashed walls. Tours usually depart from Ouseburn Farm. Ouseburn FarmFARM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-232 3698; www.bykerbridge.org.uk/farm; Ouseburn Rd, adjacent Lime St; admission by donation; h9.30am-4.30pm ) Shetland ponies, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and agricultural crops are the last thing you'd expect to find in Newcastle, but you can see them all at this community farm. Biscuit FactoryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebiscuitfactory.com; 16 Stoddart St; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) No prizes for guessing what this commercial art gallery used to be. These days, it's the UK's biggest contemporary art shop, where you can peruse and/or buy works by artists from near and far in a variety of mediums, including painting, sculpture, glassware and furniture, many with a northeast theme. Seven Stories – The Centre for Children's BooksMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sevenstories.org.uk; 30 Lime St; adult/child £7/6; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun) A marvellous conversion of a handsome Victorian mill has resulted in Seven Stories, a very hands-on museum dedicated to the wondrous world of children's literature. Across the seven floors you'll find original manuscripts and artwork from the 1930s onwards, and a constantly changing program of kid-oriented exhibitions, activities and events designed to encourage the AA Milnes of the new millennium. #### Gateshead The area of Newcastle south of the Tyne is the 'town' of Gateshead. Local authorities are now promoting the whole kit-and-caboodle–on-Tyne as 'NewcastleGateshead'. oBALTIC – Centre for Contemporary ArtGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.balticmill.com; Gateshead Quays; h10am-6pm) F Once a huge mustard-coloured grain store, BALTIC is now a huge mustard-coloured art gallery rivalling London's Tate Modern. There are no permanent exhibitions; instead, rotating shows feature the work and installations of some of contemporary art's biggest show-stoppers. The complex has artists in residence, a performance space, a cinema, a bar, a spectacular rooftop restaurant (bookings essential) and a ground-floor restaurant with riverside tables. A 4th-floor outdoor platform and 5th-floor viewing box offer fabulous panoramas of the Tyne. 4Sleeping Although the number of city-centre accommodation options is increasing, they are still generally restricted to the chain variety – either budget or business – catering to party people and execs. Most of the other properties are in the handsome northern suburb of Jesmond, where the forces of gentrification and student power fight it out for territory. #### City Centre Backpackers NewcastleHOSTEL ( %0191-340 7334; www.backpackersnewcastle.com; 262 Westgate Rd; dm from £18; W) This clean, well-run budget hostel has just 26 beds, lending it a bit more of a backpacker vibe than its competitors in the city. Great facilities include bike storage, a kitchen, a big games room with an X-box, and power-showers. Grey Street HotelBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-230 6777; www.greystreethotel.com; 2-12 Grey St; d from £80; a W) On the classiest street in the city centre, this beautiful Grade II–listed building has been adapted for contemporary needs, including triple-glazing on the sash windows. Gorgeous, individually designed rooms boast flatscreen TVs, big beds and handsome modern furnishings. Royal Station HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-232 0781; www.royalstationhotel.com; Neville St; s £53-93, d £80-150, f £90-120; p W s) Newcastle's hotels don't come better located than this Grade I– and II–listed Victorian beauty attached to Central Station. Above the chandeliered lobby, the 144 streamlined, unfussy rooms include cheaper 'small doubles' (from £55). Staff couldn't be friendlier or more helpful. Arrive early – the 20 free on-street car spaces are first-come, first-served. MalmaisonBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-245 5000; www.malmaison.com; Quayside; d/ste from £99/174; p i W) The affectedly stylish Malmaison touch has been applied to this former warehouse with considerable success, even down to the French-speaking lifts. Big beds, sleek lighting and designer furniture embellish the bouncy boudoirs and slick chambers. #### Jesmond About a mile-and-a-half north of the centre, Jesmond has a host of budget and midrange accommodation. Catch the Metro to Jesmond or West Jesmond. Newcastle Jesmond HotelHOTEL ( %0191-239 9943; www.newcastlejesmondhotel.co.uk; 105 Osborne Rd; s/d from £55/65; p W) Rooms aren't huge at this freshly refurbished red-brick property footsteps from the bars and restaurants of Osborne Rd, but they're cosy, comfy and come with the bonus of free parking (though spaces are limited, so get in quick). Wi-fi can be patchy. oJesmond Dene HouseHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-212 3000; www.jesmonddenehouse.co.uk; Jesmond Dene Rd; s/d/ste from £115/130/180; p i W) Large, gorgeous bedrooms at this exquisite property are furnished in a modern interpretation of the Arts and Crafts style and are bedecked with all manner of technological goodies (flatscreen digital TVs, digital radios). Wonderful bathrooms come complete with underfloor heating. The fine-dining restaurant is sublime. 5Eating The Geordie palate is pretty refined and there are a host of fine dining options in all price categories. #### City Centre Quay IngredientCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-447 2327; www.quayingredient.co.uk; 4 Queen St; dishes £2-7; h8am-5pm Tue-Sun; W) Beneath the Tyne Bridge's soaring steel girders, this chic little hole-in-the-wall has a devoted following for its eggs Benedict (and Florentine, and Montreal), but don't discount the rest of the menu – Craster kippers with pickled beetroot, scampi with homemade tartar sauce, pulled beef with bourbon... oBroad ChareGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-211 2144; www.thebroadchare.co.uk; 25 Broad Chare; mains £11.50-18.50; hkitchen noon-2.30pm & 5.30-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) Spiffing English classics – the grilled pork chop with black pudding and cider sauce is divine – and splendid cask ales are served in the dark-wood bar and mezzanine of this perfect gastropub. Oak NewcastleINTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-232 3200; www.oaknewcastle.co.uk; Milburn House, Dean St; mains £8-20; hrestaurant 7.30am-11pm Mon-Fri, 10am-11pm Sat & Sun, bar noon-2am daily) This hybrid restaurant/deli/bar is an equally good spot to pick up takeaways like pies, dine on dishes spanning black truffle risotto to Moroccan lamb burgers, or sip a cocktail while listening to DJs or live music. Energetic staff ensure it all comes together. Silk RoomINTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-260 3506; www.silkroom.co.uk; Pandon Bankside, Trinity Gardens; mains £13-28; h11am-2pm & 5pm-midnight Mon-Fri, 5pm-midnight Sat & Sun) Glamorous fare like Kobe wagyu burgers and kangaroo with port and caramelised pears is complemented with over 25 brands of bubbly and 16 champagne cocktails at this glitzy Quayside establishment. oBlackfriarsBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-261 5945; www.blackfriarsrestaurant.co.uk; Friars St; mains £12-25; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) S A 12th-century friary is the atmospheric setting for 'modern medieval' cuisine. Check the tablemat map for the provenance of your cod, woodpigeon or rare-breed pork. Everything else is made from scratch on-site, including breads, pastries, ice creams and sausages. Bookings recommended. #### Jesmond Fat HippoBURGERS ( %0191-340 8949; www.fat-hippo.co.uk; 35a St Georges Tce, West Jesmond; burgers £7.50-14.50; h11.30am-9.30pm Tue-Fri, 9am-9.30pm Sat, 9am-3.30pm Sun) Humongous burgers arrive on wooden planks with stainless-steel buckets of triple-fried, hand-cut chips at this local success story. The Shenton's three beef patties weigh in at one-and-a-half pounds; veggie options include My Big Fat Bean Burger with halloumi and garlic mayo. Sides (if you can squeeze them in) span deep-fried gherkins to breaded jalapeno poppers with sour cream. Around the corner, the Little Hippo ( %0191-447 2114; www.fat-hippo.co.uk; 7 Acorn Rd, West Jesmond; dishes £4-5.50; h11am-8.30pm) has an array of smaller burgers, street food and specials like pulled pork and mac 'n' cheese. Pizzeria FrancescaPIZZA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 134 Manor House Rd; pizza & pasta £5-7, other mains £9-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-9.30pm Mon-Sat) This chaotic, cheerful place is how all Italian restaurants should be. Excitable waiters and huge portions of pizza and pasta keep locals queuing at the door – get in line and wait because you can't book in advance. Jesmond Dene HouseMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-212 5555; www.jesmonddenehouse.co.uk; Jesmond Dene Rd; mains £20-35; h7am-9.30pm) S Head chef Michael Penaluna is the architect of an exquisite regional menu – venison from County Durham, oysters from Lindisfarne and herbs plucked straight from the garden. The result is a gourmet extravaganza. 6Drinking & Nightlife Are you up for it? You'd better be, because Newcastle's nightlife doesn't mess about. While it's no secret that Geordies love a night on the razzle, the nightlife beyond the coloured cocktails of the boisterous Bigg Market (just south of Newgate St) is infinitely less raucous. Jesmond has loads of bars, while Ouseburn Valley attracts a mellower crowd. ### GAY & LESBIAN NEWCASTLE Newcastle's dynamic gay scene centres on the 'Pink Triangle', formed by Waterloo, Neville and Collingwood Sts, though venues stretch south to Scotswood Rd. Check www.negayscene.co.uk for venues, parties and events. Eazy StreetPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eazy-street.co.uk; 8-10 Westmorland Rd; hnoon-3am) Called Camp David in a previous life, this gay and all-welcoming bar draws a crowd for its nightly feast of DJs and cabaret drag shows. LoftGAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 10a Scotswood Rd; h11pm-3am Sun-Thu, to 4am Fri & Sat) Small but supremely popular late-night bar. PowerhouseCLUB, GAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.clubph.co.uk; 9-19 Westmorland Rd; h11pm-4am Thu-Mon) Mixed but mainly gay, this massive four-floor club has flashing lights, a pumping sound system and lots of suggestive posing. #### City Centre QB Tea HouseTEAHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-261 4861; www.quilliambrothers.com; Claremont Buildings, 1 Eldon Pl; h10am-midnight Mon-Fri, 9am-midnight Sat) Set up by a trio of brothers as 'an alternative to Newcastle's boozy scene', this hip Hungarian-style teahouse with post-industrial decor has over 100 types of tea as well as a tiny cinema screening cult films (dates vary), plus various gigs and art events. Centurion BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.centurion-newcastle.com; Central Station; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, 11am-midnight Fri, noon-midnight Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) Dating from 1893, with floor-to-ceiling ornate Victorian tiling, Central Station's former first-class waiting room is ideal for a pre-club drink in style. World HeadquartersCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.welovewhq.com; Curtis Mayfield House, Carliol Sq; hfrom 11pm, days vary) Dedicated to the genius of black music – funk, rare groove, dance-floor jazz, northern soul, genuine R&B, lush disco, proper house, reggae and more – this brilliant club is a world away from commercial blandness. Trent HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1-2 Leazes Lane; hnoon-11pm) Old-school boozer Trent House out-cools every other bar because it isn't trying. There's a free jukebox and fabulous atmosphere. DigitalCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.yourfutureisdigital.com; Times Sq; h11pm-3am Mon & Wed-Sat) A two-floored cathedral to dance music, this megaclub was voted one of the top 20 clubs in the world by _DJ Magazine_ thanks to one of the best sound systems you're ever likely to hear. Live acts rock the house, too. #### Ouseburn Valley oTyne BarPUB ( %0191-265 2550; www.thetyne.com; 1 Maling St; h11am-11pm Sun-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat; W) An outdoor stage hosting free gigs, a disco ball spinning beneath the Glasshouse Bridge and a sprawling expanse of grass with knock-out river views make this tucked-away waterfront pub a magnet for in-the-know locals. Ship InnPUB ( %0191-222 1322; www.ship-inn.co.uk; Stepney Bank; h3-11.30pm Mon-Wed, noon-11.30pm Thu, to 12.30am Fri & Sat, to 11pm Sun) Maritime memorabilia and historic photos of the Ouseburn Valley fill this red-brick charmer, which has been pouring pints since the early 1800s. On busy days the elbow-bending spills out onto the small green in front. Cumberland ArmsPUB (www.thecumberlandarms.co.uk; off Byker Bank, Ouseburn Valley; h11am-1am Mon-Sat, noon-12.30am Sun; W) Sitting on a hill at the top of the Ouseburn, this 19th-century bar has a sensational selection of ales and ciders as well as a range of Northumberland meads. There's a terrace, regular live music and if you can't bear to leave, four comfy B&B rooms upstairs (double £80). 3Entertainment Free monthly magazine _The Crack_ (www.thecrackmagazine.com), available from clubs, tourist offices and some hotels, contains comprehensive theatre, music, cinema and club listings for the entire northeast. Sage GatesheadLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-443 4666; www.sagegateshead.com; Gateshead Quays) Norman Foster's magnificent chrome-and-glass horizontal bottle is a stunner in itself but as the home of the Northern Sinfonia and Folkworks also presents outstanding live music. Tyneside CinemaCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tynesidecinema.co.uk; Pilgrim St) Opened in 1937 as Newcastle's first newsreel cinema, this art-deco picture house with plush red-velvet seats still screens newsreels (11.15am daily) as well as mainstream and offbeat movies, and archive British Pathé films. Free one-hour guided tours of the building run at 11am on Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday. Theatre RoyalTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08448 11 21 21; www.theatreroyal.co.uk; 100 Grey St) The winter home of the Royal Shakespeare Company is full of Victorian splendour and has an excellent program of drama, along with major musicals, pantomimes, opera, ballet, comedy and contemporary dance. Head of Steam @ The ClunyLIVE MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-230 4474; www.headofsteam.co.uk; 36 Lime St; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, to 10.30pm Sun) Based at the artist cooperative 36 Lime St, touring acts and local talent – from experimental prog-rock heads to up-and-coming pop goddesses – fill the bill every night of the week. Newcastle United Football ClubFOOTBALL (NUFC; www.nufc.co.uk) NUFC is more than just a football team – it's the collective expression of Geordie hope and pride. The club's hallowed ground, St James Park ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Strawberry Pl), is always packed, but you can get a stadium tour ( %0844-372 1892; adult/child £15/8; h11.30am, 12.30pm & 2.30pm daily, 10.30am match days) that includes the dugout and changing rooms. Match tickets go on public sale about two weeks before a game. 7Shopping Newcastle Quayside MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-211 5533; under the Tyne Bridge; h9am-4pm Sun) Stalls displaying jewellery, photographic prints, art, clothing, homewares and more set up along the quays around the Tyne Bridge every Sunday. Buskers and food stalls add to the street-party atmosphere. Grainger MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.graingermarket.org.uk; btwn Grainger and Clayton Sts; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Trading since 1835, Newcastle's gorgeous, heritage-listed covered market has over 100 stalls selling everything from fish, farm produce, meat and vegetables to clothes, accessories and homewares. Between alleys 1 and 2, look out for the historic Weigh House, where goods were once weighed. 8Information Newcastle City Centre Police Station POLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %emergency 999, non-emergency 101; www.northumbria.police.uk; Forth Banks; h24hr) Tourist Office Main BranchTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-277 8000; www.visitnewcastlegateshead.com; Central Arcade, Market St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, 10am-5pm Mon-Sat Sep-Jun) 8Getting There & Away Air Newcastle International AirportAIRPORT ( %0871-882 1121; www.newcastleairport.com) Seven miles north of the city off the A696, the airport has direct services to many UK and European cities as well as long-haul flights to Dubai. Tour operators fly charters to the USA, Middle East and Africa. Bus Local and regional buses leave from Haymarket or Eldon Sq bus stations. National Express buses arrive and depart from the coach station (St James Blvd). For local buses around the northeast, the excellent-value Explorer North East ticket (£9.30) is valid on most services. Buses X15 and X18 run north to Berwick-upon-Tweed (£6.50, two hours, nine daily). National Express offers services to Edinburgh (£14.90, three hours, two daily), London (£16, seven hours, nine daily) and Manchester (£12.50, 4½ hours, four daily). Train Newcastle is on the main rail line between London and Edinburgh and is the starting point of the scenic Tyne Valley Line west to Carlisle. A **Alnmouth** (for bus connections to Alnwick) £9.70, 25 minutes, hourly A **Berwick-upon-Tweed** £23.60, 45 minutes, hourly A **Carlisle** £15.50, 1½ hours, hourly A **Edinburgh** £48, 1½ hours, every 30 minutes A **Hartlepool** £8.90, 45 minutes, hourly A **London King's Cross** £121, three hours, every 30 minutes A **York** £32, one hour, every 20 minutes 8Getting Around To/From the Airport The airport is linked to town by the Metro (£3.30, 20 minutes, every 12 minutes). Public Transport There's a large bus network, but the best means of getting around is the excellent Metro, with fares from £1.80. Several saver passes are also available. The tourist office can supply you with route plans for the bus and Metro networks. The DaySaver (£2.60 to £4.50) gives unlimited Metro travel for one day for travel after 9am, and the DayRover (adult/child £6.80/3.70) gives unlimited travel on all modes of transport in Tyne and Wear for one day for travel any time. Taxi On weekend nights taxis can be as rare as covered flesh; try Noda Taxis ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-222 1888; www.noda-taxis.co.uk), which has a kiosk outside the entrance to Central Station. ## Around Newcastle ### Angel of the North Angel of the NorthLANDMARK Nicknamed the Gateshead Flasher, this extraordinary 200-tonne, rust-coloured, winged human frame has loomed over the A1 (M) some 6 miles south of Newcastle since 1998. At 20m high and with a wingspan wider than a Boeing 767, Sir Antony Gormley's iconic work (which saw him knighted in 2014) is the UK's largest sculpture and most viewed public artwork. Buses 21 and 22 from Newcastle's Eldon Sq (£2, 20 minutes) stop here. ᠎There's a free car park by the base. ### Tynemouth Pop 67,520 One of the most popular Geordie days out is to this handsome seaside resort some 9 miles east of Newcastle. The mouth of the Tyne is one of the best surf spots in England, with great all-year breaks off the immense, crescent-shaped Blue Flag beach, which occasionally hosts the National Surfing Championships. 1Sights & Activities Tynemouth PrioryRUIN (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.80/2.90; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Built by Benedictine monks on a strategic bluff above the mouth of the Tyne in the 11th-century ruins, Tynemouth Priory was ransacked during the Dissolution in 1539. The military took over for four centuries, only leaving in 1960, and today the skeletal remains of the priory church sit alongside old military installations, their guns aimed out to sea at an enemy that never came. Tynemouth Surf CompanySURFING ( %0191-258 2496; www.tynemouthsurf.co.uk; Grand Pde; h10am-5.30pm) For all your surfing needs, call into this friendly surf company, which also provides two-hour group lessons for £25 per person. 5Eating & Drinking Opposite the priory, village-like Front St runs inland from the ocean and is lined with bars, restaurants, cafes and arty shops. Barca Art CafeCAFE ( %0191-257 7959; www.barcaart.co.uk; 68 Front St; mains £10.50-19; hkitchen 5-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun, bar noon-1am) This funky hybrid restaurant, bar and art gallery (the works by local artists are all for sale) has an ambitious, contemporary menu, though vegetarian options, aside from starters like mezze boards to share, are few. DJs spin on Saturday nights from 10pm. Turks HeadPUB ( %0191-257 6547; www.johnbarras.com; 41 Front St; h11am-11pm Mon-Wed, to 11.30pm Thu-Sat, noon-11.30pm Sun; W) Encased in ivory-coloured tiles, this salt-of-the-earth 1850-built traditional pub is great for a pint of real ale while watching a Newcastle United match. 8Getting There & Away From Newcastle, the easiest way to reach Tynemouth is by Metro (£3.20, 25 minutes). ### Segedunum SegedunumHISTORIC SITE ( %0191-236 9347; www.twmuseums.org.uk; Buddle St, Wallsend; adult/child £5.50/free; h10am-5pm Apr-Aug, to 4pm Sep & Oct, 10am-2.30pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) The last strong post of Hadrian's Wall was the fort of Segedunum, 5 miles east of Newcastle at the 'wall's end', now the Newcastle suburb of Wallsend. Beneath the 35m-high tower, which you can climb for terrific views, is an absorbing site that includes a reconstructed Roman bathhouse (with steaming pools and frescoes) and a museum offering a fascinating insight into life during Roman times. Segedenum is a three-minute walk from the Wallsend Metro station (from Newcastle £3.95, 20 minutes). ## Hartlepool Pop 88,895 Steelworks and shipyards made this North Sea coastal town's fortunes in the 19th century, but also made it a WWI target. On 16 December 1914, it was hit by 1150 shells, killing 117 people including 29-year-old Durham Light Infantry Private Theophilus Jones, the war's first soldier killed on British soil. Hartlepool's defence batteries returned fire, damaging three enemy ships and becoming England's only coastal battery to fire its guns in the conflict. After WWII, the collapse of both the steel and ship-building industries saw Hartlepool languish until the revitalisation of its marina around the turn of the millennium, and it makes a fascinating stop to explore its wartime and maritime heritage. 1Sights Hartlepool's Maritime ExperienceINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01429-860 077; www.hartlepoolsmaritimeexperience.com; Jackson Dock, Maritime Ave; adult/child £8.95/6.85, museum free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Mar) This superb family attraction incorporates both the Museum of Hartlepool, with exhibits from the Bronze Age to today, and the 1817-built HMS _Trincomalee_ , the oldest British warship still afloat, as well as recreated businesses – gunsmith, swordsmith and so on – along its historic quayside. Costumed staff and audioguides do a great job of bringing it to life. Heugh Gun Battery MuseumMUSEUM ( %01429-270 746; www.heughbattery.com; Moor Tce; adult/child £5/3; h10am-4pm Thu-Sun) Atop the windswept Hartlepool Headland, about 2 miles west of the centre, you can visit the underground magazines, parade ground, museum and panoramic observation tower at the 19th-century Heugh (pronounced 'yuff') Gun Battery – one of Hartlepool's two defence batteries to return WWI fire. 4Sleeping Hillcarter HotelHOTEL ( %01429-855 800; www.hillcarterhotel.com; 31-32 Church St, enter via Whitby St; s £65, d £75-85, f £95; p W) This central Hartlepool landmark was built in 1887 as the Hill and Carter department store and converted to a hotel a century later. Rooms are spacious and comfortable, service is top notch and there's an enclosed rooftop restaurant, a bar serving meals, and two nightclubs, plus nearby late bars, so beware noisy Friday and Saturday nights (other nights are quiet). 5Eating & Drinking By far the best place to eat and/or drink is Navigation Point, where a slew of bars, cafes and restaurants serving a wide range of cuisines – traditional and contemporary British, Chinese, Indian, Italian – overlook the boats moored at Hartlepool Marina. CinnamonsBANGLADESHI ( %01429-269 666; 29 Navigation Point, Hartlepool Marina; mains £6-11; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-11.30pm Mon-Sat, 5.30-11.30pm Sun) Fresh, fiery Bangladeshi cuisine at this elegant restaurant spans clay oven tikka and tandoori favourites, Bengal curries, baltis and countless _chingri_ (prawn) dishes. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01429-869 706; www.destinationhartlepool.com; Church Sq; h10am-5.30pm Tue-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) At the Hartlepool Art Gallery. 8Getting There & Away Trains link Hartlepool with Newcastle (£8.90, 45 minutes, hourly). Bus 22 to/from Durham (£5.70, 1¼ hours, hourly) stops at the train station. ## County Durham Spread across the lonely, rabbit-inhabited North Pennines and Teesdale's ochre hills, County Durham's star attraction is its county town. Its cathedral and adjoining castle were the seat of the once powerful prince bishops, rulers since 1081 of the Palatinate of Durham, a political entity created by William the Conqueror as a bulwark against Saxons and Scots. The county was at the heart of the region's coal-mining industry, a brutal business that saw the last pit close in 1984 and left the landscape with some fast-dissolving yet evocative scarring. ### Durham Pop 47,785 England's most beautiful Romanesque cathedral, a huge castle, and, surrounding them both, a cobweb of hilly, cobbled streets usually full of upper-crust students attending England's third university of choice (after Oxford and Cambridge) make Durham an ideal day trip from Newcastle or overnight stop. Durham 1Top Sights 1Durham CastleB3 2Durham CathedralB4 2Activities, Courses & Tours Browns BoathouseC2 3Prince Bishop River CruiserC2 4Sleeping 4Cathedral ViewD1 5Gadds TownhouseD3 5Eating 6Cellar Door DurhamC3 7OldfieldsC2 8TealiciousC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 9Shakespeare TavernC3 1Sights oDurham CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.durhamcathedral.co.uk; by donation, tower £5, guided tours adult/child £5/free; h7.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 5.30pm Sun) This monumental cathedral is the definitive structure of the Anglo-Norman Romanesque style, a resplendent monument to the country's ecclesiastical history and, since 1986, a Unesco World Heritage Site. Beyond the main door – and the famous **Sanctuary Knocker** , which medieval felons would strike to gain 37 days asylum within the cathedral before standing trial or leaving the country – the interior is spectacular. Climbing the tower's 325 steps rewards you with show-stopping vistas. Durham was the first European cathedral to be roofed with stone-ribbed vaulting, which upheld the heavy stone roof and made it possible to build pointed transverse arches – the first in England, and a great architectural achievement. The central tower dates from 1262, but was damaged in a fire caused by lightning in 1429 and unsatisfactorily patched up until it was entirely rebuilt in 1470. The western towers were added in 1217–26. The northern side of the beautiful, 1175-built **Galilee Chapel** features rare surviving examples of 12th-century wall painting (thought to feature portraits of Sts Cuthbert and Oswald). Galilee Chapel also contains the **tomb of the Venerable Bede** , the 8th-century Northumbrian monk turned historian: his _Ecclesiastical History of the English People_ is still the prime source of information on the development of early Christian Britain. Among other things, Bede introduced the numbering of years from the birth of Jesus. He was first buried at Jarrow, but in 1022 a miscreant monk stole his remains and brought them here. Other highlights include the 14th-century **Bishop's Throne** ; the beautiful stone **Neville Screen** (1372–80), which separates the high altar from **St Cuthbert's tomb** ; and the mostly 19th-century **Cloisters** where you'll find the **Monk's Dormitory** , now a library of 30,000 books, with Anglo-Saxon carved stones. There are audiovisual displays on the building of the cathedral and the life of St Cuthbert. oDurham CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-334 2932; www.dur.ac.uk/durham.castle; admission by guided tour only, adult/child £5/3.50; hby reservation) Built as a standard motte-and-bailey fort in 1072, Durham Castle was the prince bishops' home until 1837, when it became the University of Durham's first college. It remains a university hall, and it's possible to stay here (contact the castle for information and availability). Highlights of the 45-minute tour include the groaning 17th-century **Black Staircase** and the beautifully preserved **Norman chapel** (1080). Each successive prince bishop sought to put his particular imprint on the place, but heavy restoration and reconstruction were necessary in any case as the castle is built of soft stone on soft ground. #### WORTH A TRIP ### BEAMISH OPEN-AIR MUSEUM Beamish Open-Air Museum MUSEUM ( %0191-370 4000; www.beamish.org.uk; adult/child £17.50/10; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Tue-Thu, Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) County Durham's living, breathing, working museum offers an unflinching glimpse into industrial life in the northeast during the 19th and 20th centuries. Spread over 121 hectares, it is instructive and fun for all ages. Allow at least three hours here, but check ahead in the winter months as some sections close. Beamish is about 8 miles northwest of Durham. Take buses 28 and 28A from Newcastle (£4.70, one hour, every 30 minutes) or 128 from Durham (£3.20, 30 minutes, hourly). Highlights include going underground, exploring mine heads, visiting a working farm, school, dentist and pub, and marvelling at how every cramped pit cottage seemed to find room for a piano. Don't miss a ride behind an 1815 Steam Elephant locomotive or a replica of Stephenson's _Locomotion No 1_. 2Activities Prince Bishop River CruiserBOAT TOUR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-386 9525; www.princebishoprc.co.uk; Browns Boathouse, Elvet Bridge; adult/child £7/4; hcruises 12.30pm, 2pm & 3pm Jun-Sep, call for times Oct-May) Wonderfully scenic one-hour cruises on the Wear. Browns BoathouseBOATING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-386 3779; Elvet Bridge; per hr per adult/child £5/4; hdawn-dusk Apr-Oct) Rent a row boat for a romantic river excursion. 4Sleeping Honest LawyerINN ( %0191-378 3780; www.honestlawyerhotel.com; Croxdale; d £68-88; p W) An easy 3-mile drive south of Durham on the A167, this handy spot has mostly motel-style rooms with countrified chequered fabrics and parking outside the door. The main building has a timber bar and restaurant serving good pub grub in generous portions. Cathedral ViewB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-386 9566; www.cathedralview.com; 212 Gilesgate; s/d from £75/90; p W) This discreet Georgian house has no sign, but inside, two of its six large rooms decorated with lots of cushions and coordinated bed linen and window dressings indeed have sensational cathedral views. Breakfast, including home-baked bread, is cooked to order and served on the terrace or in the art-lined dining room. Gadds TownhouseBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-384 1037; www.gaddstownhouse.com; 34 Old Elvet; d £110-250; W) Each of Gadds' 11 opulent rooms has a theme, with Le Jardin featuring a shed and garden furniture, a huge projection screen and popcorn machine in Premiere, and the Edwardian Express recreating a night in a yesteryear sleeper compartment. The most 'normal' room is the Garden Lodge, complete with outdoor tub and underfloor heating. The restaurant is superb. 5Eating TealiciousCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-340 1393; www.tealicioustearoom.co.uk; Elvet Bridge; dishes £2-5.25; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) A gingerbread-house replica of this quaint pastel-blue and white building sits in the window, while inside, amid vintage decor, treats include homemade cakes (such as white chocolate cheesecake or ginger and lime), soups, and over a dozen blends of tea served from individual pots on fine bone china. It's tiny so book ahead. Cellar Door DurhamMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-383 1856; www.thecellardoordurham.co.uk; 41 Saddler St; mains £14-17.50; h11.30am-10.30pm) Accessed from an inconspicuous door on Saddler St, this 12th-century building has glorious river views, including from the alfresco terrace. The Mediterranean-meets-Britain menu features starters such as twice-baked goats cheese soufflé, mains such as seared venison with chestnut dressing, and desserts including brioche bread-and-butter pudding. Service is spot on. OldfieldsBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-370 9696; www.oldfieldsrealfood.co.uk; 18 Claypath; 2-/3-course lunch £10/13, dinner mains £12-17.50; hnoon-10pm; W) S Serving strictly seasonal menus that use only local or organic ingredients sourced within a 60-mile radius of Durham – such as North Sea fish casserole, pan haggerty and wild boar pie – this award-winning restaurant, in the 1881 boardroom of the former HQ of the Durham Gas Company, is passionate about great British food. 6Drinking Shakespeare TavernPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.shakespearedurham.com; 63 Saddler St; h11am-11.30pm) Built in 1190, this authentic-as-it-gets locals' boozer is complete with dartboard, cosy snugs, a terrific selection of beers and spirits and wise-cracking characters propping up the bar – as well as, allegedly, a resident ghost. Folk music jam sessions take place on Wednesday evenings. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION (World Heritage Site Visitor Centre; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0191-334 3805; www.thisisdurham.com; 7 Owengate; h9.30am-6pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm late Mar-Jun & Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-late Mar) Small but helpful, with all the usual tourist information. 8Getting There & Away Bus Destinations include Hartlepool (bus 22; £5.70, 1¼ hours, hourly), London (National Express; £32, 6½ hours, four daily) and Newcastle (bus 21, 43, 44, X2, X21, X41; £3.60, one hour to 1¾ hours, several hourly). Train The East Coast Main Line provides speedy connections to many destinations including Edinburgh (£56.20, two hours, hourly), London King's Cross (£121, three hours, hourly), Newcastle (£5.10, 15 minutes, four hourly) and York (£30.50, 50 minutes, four hourly). 8Getting Around Pratt'sTAXI ( %0191-386 0700; www.prattstaxis.co.uk) Reliable taxi company. #### WORTH A TRIP ### RABY CASTLE Raby CastleCASTLE (www.rabycastle.com; adult/child £10/4.50; h1-4.30pm Sun-Fri Jul & Aug, Sun-Wed May, Jun & Sep) About 7 miles northeast of Barnard Castle, sprawling Raby Castle was a stronghold of the Catholic Neville family until it engaged in some ill-judged plotting (the 'Rising of the North') against the oh-so Protestant Queen Elizabeth in 1569. Most of the interior dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, but the exterior remains true to the original design, built around a courtyard and surrounded by a moat. Bus 8 zips between Barnard Castle and Raby (£3, 15 minutes, eight daily). There are beautiful formal gardens and a deer park. ### Barnard Castle Pop 7040 The charming market town of Barnard Castle, better known as 'Barney', is a traditionalist's dream, full of antiquarian shops and atmospheric old pubs that serve as a wonderful setting for its twin draws: a daunting ruined castle at its edge and an extraordinary French chateau. If you can drag yourself away, it's also a terrific base for exploring Teesdale and the North Pennines. 1Sights Barnard CastleCASTLE (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.60/2.80; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Built on a cliff above the River Tees by Guy de Bailleul and rebuilt around 1150, Barnard Castle was partly dismantled some four centuries later, but still manages to cover more than two very impressive hectares with wonderful river views. oBowes MuseumMUSEUM (www.thebowesmuseum.org.uk; adult/child £9/free; h10am-5pm) About half a mile east of town a monumental chateau contains the lavishly furnished Bowes Museum. Funded by 19th-century industrialist John Bowes, and opened in 1892, this brainchild of his Parisian actress wife, Josephine, was built by French architect Jules Pellechet to display a collection the Bowes had travelled the world to assemble. The star attraction is the marvellous 18th-century mechanical swan, which performs every day at 2pm. If you miss it, a film shows it in action. Look for works by Canaletto, El Greco and Goya as well as 55 paintings by Josephine herself. Among the 15,000 other objets d'art are incredible dresses from the 17th century through to the 1970s as part of an exhibit on textiles through the ages, and clocks, watches and tableware in gold and silver in the precious-metals section. 4Sleeping & Eating Old Well InnINN ( %01833-690130; www.theoldwellinn.co.uk; 21 The Bank; s/d/f from £50/70/96; W) Built over a huge well (not visible), this old coaching inn has 10 enormous rooms. No 9 is the most impressive with its own private entrance, flagstone floors and a bath. The pub has a reputation for excellent grub like rabbit and black pudding casserole (mains £7.50 to £9) as well as regional real ales that you can sip in the leafy beer garden in fine weather. Jersey Farm Country HotelHOTEL ( %01833-638223; www.jerseyfarmhotel.co.uk; Darlington Rd; s/d from £72/99; hkitchen noon-2pm & 6-9pm; p W) Another genteel farmhouse conversion, right? Wrong. Rooms here sport cool retro colour schemes and gadgets galore. The restaurant is a clean-cut affair (mains £10 to £19). It's a mile east of town just off the A67. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01833-631107; www.thewitham.org.uk; 3 Horsemarket; h10am-4pm Mon & Wed-Sat) In the Witham building's new arts and community centre. 8Getting There & Away From Durham, take bus 75 via Darlington (£3.80, 1½ hours, twice hourly). ### North Pennines The North Pennines stretch from western Durham to just short of Hadrian's Wall in the north. In the south is Teesdale, the gently undulating valley of the River Tees; to the north is the much wilder Weardale, carved by the River Wear. Both dales are marked by ancient quarries and mines – industries that date back to Roman times. The wilds of the North Pennines are also home to the picturesque Derwent and Allen Valleys, north of Weardale. For information on the area check out www.northpennines.org.uk and www.exploreteesdale.co.uk. ## Hadrian's Wall What exactly have the Romans ever done for us? The aqueducts. Law and order. And this enormous wall, built between AD 122 and 128 to separate Romans and Scottish Picts. Named in honour of the emperor who ordered it built, Hadrian's Wall was one of Rome's greatest engineering projects, a spectacular 73-mile testament to ambition and the practical Roman mind. Even today, almost 2000 years after the first stone was laid, the awe-inspiring sections that remain are proof that when the Romans wanted something done, they just knuckled down and did it. It wasn't easy. When completed, the mammoth structure ran across the narrow neck of the island, from the Solway Firth in the west almost to the mouth of the Tyne in the east. Every Roman mile (0.95 miles) there was a gateway guarded by a small fort (milecastle) and between each milecastle were two observation turrets. Milecastles are numbered right across the country, starting with Milecastle 0 at Wallsend (where you can visit the wall's last stronghold, Segedunum) and ending with Milecastle 80 at Bowness-on-Solway. A series of forts were developed as bases some distance south (and may predate the wall), and 16 lie astride it. Carlisle, in Cumbria, and Newcastle are logical start/end points; Haltwhistle, Hexham and Corbridge make good bases. The B6318 follows the course of the wall from the outskirts of Newcastle to Birdoswald. The main A69 road and the railway line follow 3 or 4 miles to the south. Every May the **Hadrian's Wall Festival** features lots of recreations of Roman life along the wall – contact tourist offices for details. 2Activities Hadrian's Wall PathWALKING (www.nationaltrail.co.uk/hadrianswall) This 84-mile National Trail runs the length of the wall from Wallsend in the east to Bowness-on-Solway in the west. The entire route should take about seven days on foot, giving plenty of time to explore the rich archaeological heritage along the way. Local bookshops and tourist offices sell detailed guides. 8Information Hadrian's Wall CountryTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visithadrianswall.co.uk) The official portal for the whole of Hadrian's Wall Country. Northumberland National Park Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01434-344396; www.northumberlandnationalpark.org.uk; Bardon Mill, Once Brewed; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, 10am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) On Military Rd (B6318). 8Getting There & Around Bus The AD122 Hadrian's Wall bus (one-day adult/child £12/6, five daily, April to October) is a hail-and-ride service that runs between Hexham and Carlisle, with one bus a day starting and ending at Newcastle's Central Station and not all services covering the entire route. Bikes can be taken aboard AD122 buses, but space is limited. Bus 185 zips from Haltwhistle to Carlisle the rest of the year (Monday to Saturday only). West of Hexham the wall runs parallel to the A69, which connects Carlisle and Newcastle. Bus 685 runs along the A69 hourly, passing 2 miles to 3 miles south of the main sites throughout the year. All these services can be used with the Hadrian's Wall Rover Ticket (adult/child one-day £9/4.50, three-day £18/9, seven-day £36/18), available from bus drivers and tourist offices, where you can also get timetables. Car & Motorcycle Your own wheels are the easiest way to get around, with one fort or garrison usually just a short hop from the next. Parking costs £4/15 per day/week; tickets are valid at all sites along the wall. Train The railway line between Newcastle and Carlisle (Tyne Valley Line; £12.20, one hour, hourly) has stations at Corbridge, Hexham, Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill, Haltwhistle and Brampton. Not all services stop at all stations. ### Corbridge Pop 2950 Above a green-banked curve in the Tyne, Corbridge's shady, cobbled streets are lined with old-fashioned shops and pubs. Inhabited since Saxon times when there was a substantial monastery, many of its charming buildings feature stones nicked from nearby Corstopitum. 1Sights Corbridge Roman Site & MuseumHISTORIC SITE (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.60/3.40; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) What's left of the Roman garrison town of Corstopitum lies about half a mile west of Market Pl on Dere St, once the main road from York to Scotland. It's the oldest fortified site in the area, predating the wall itself by some 40 years. Most of what you see here though dates from around AD 200, when the fort had developed into a civilian settlement and was the main base along the wall. You get a sense of the domestic heart of the town from the visible remains. The Corbridge Museum displays Roman sculpture and carvings, including the amazing 3rd-century **Corbridge Lion**. 4Sleeping & Eating o2 The CroftsB&B ( %01434-633046; www.2thecrofts.co.uk; B6530; d from £80; p W) By far the best place in town to drop your pack, this secluded B&B occupies a beautiful period home around half a mile's walk east of the town centre on Newcastle Rd. The three high-ceilinged, spacious rooms are all en suite and the energetic owners cook a mean breakfast. Corbridge LarderDELI, CAFE ( %01434-632 948; www.corbridgelarder.co.uk; 18 Hill St; dishes £4-7; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5.30pm Sat) Gourmet picnic fare at this fabulous deli includes bread, over 100 varieties of cheese, chutneys, cakes, chocolates and wine (you can get hampers made up) as well as made-to-order sandwiches, pies, quiches, tarts, and antipasti and mezze delicacies. Upstairs from the wonderland of provisions there's a small sit-down cafe. Black BullBRITISH (Middle St; mains £8-17; hkitchen noon-9pm; W c) A menu of British comfort food, such as beef burgers, fish in beer batter and slow-cooked lamb, and a series of low-ceilinged, atmospheric dining rooms, make this tavern a cosy spot to hole up. Sundays offer a choice of five different roasts. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01434-632815; www.thisiscorbridge.co.uk; Hill St; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct, 11am-4pm Wed, Fri & Sat Nov-Mar) Occupies a corner of the library. 8Getting There & Away Buses 85, 685 and X85 between Newcastle and Carlisle come through Corbridge (£4.70 to either, up to one hour, every 30 minutes), as does the half-hourly bus 10 from Newcastle (£5, one hour) to Hexham (£2.90, 20 minutes), where you can connect with the Hadrian's Wall bus AD122. Corbridge is also on the Newcastle–Carlisle railway line. ### Hexham Pop 11,390 Bustling Hexham is a handsome if somewhat scuffed market town centred on its grand Augustinian abbey. Its cobbled alleyways have more shops and amenities than any other wall town between Carlisle and Newcastle, making it a good place to pick up supplies if you're heading out into the windswept wilds beyond. 1Sights Hexham AbbeyMONASTERY (www.hexhamabbey.org.uk; h9.30am-5pm, Saxon crypt 11am & 3.30pm) Dominating tiny Market Pl, Hexham's stately abbey is a marvellous example of Early English architecture. It cleverly escaped the Dissolution of 1537 by rebranding as Hexham's parish church, a role it still has today. The highlight is the 7th-century **Saxon crypt** , the only surviving element of St Wilifrid's Church, built with inscribed stones from Corstopitum in 674. Old GaolHISTORIC BUILDING (adult/child £4/2; h11am-4.30pm Tue-Sat Apr-Sep, Tue & Sat only Oct-Nov & Feb-Mar) Completed in 1333 as England's first purpose-built prison, today this strapping stone structure's four floors tell the history of the jail in all its gruesome glory. The history of the Border Reivers – a group of clans who fought, kidnapped, blackmailed and killed each other in an effort to exercise control over a lawless tract of land along the Anglo-Scottish border throughout the 16th century – is also retold, along with tales of the punishments handed out in the prison. 4Sleeping & Eating Hallbank Guest HouseB&B ( %01434-605567; www.hallbankguesthouse.com; Hallgate; s/d from £70/90; p W) Behind the Old Gaol, this fine Edwardian house combines period elegance with stylishly furnished rooms equipped with flatscreen TVs and huge beds. It's very popular so book ahead. Deli at Number 4DELI, CAFE ( %01434-608091; www.deliatnumber4.co.uk; 4 Beaumont St; dishes £2-5; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Opposite Hexham's abbey, colourful window displays of breads, cheeses, olives, jams, homemade cakes and more entice you in, and the aromas from the kitchen tempt you upstairs to dine on soups, sandwiches and various specials. oBouchon BistrotFRENCH (www.bouchonbistrot.co.uk; 4-6 Gilesgate; mains £12-20; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) Hexham may be an unlikely setting for some true fine dining, but this Gallic affair has an enviable reputation _._ Classically inspired dishes range from proper French onion soup with gruyère or garlic snails to pan-fried Coley fillet with watercress velouté. Ingredients are as fresh as nature can provide and the wine list is an elite selection of champagnes, reds and whites. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01434-652220; www.visitnorthumberland.com/hexham; Wentworth Car Park; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Northeast of the town centre. 8Getting There & Away Buses 85, 685 and X85 between Newcastle and Carlisle come through Hexham (£4.70, 1¼ hours, every 30 minutes); the AD122 Hadrian's Wall bus connects with other towns along the wall. Bus 10 (£5.40, 1¼ hours, every 30 minutes) links Hexham with Newcastle. Hexham is on the scenic railway line between Newcastle (£6.60, 30 minutes, hourly) and Carlisle (£5, one hour, hourly). ### Chesters Roman Fort & Museum Chesters Roman Fort & MuseumHISTORIC SITE (EH; %01434-681379; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.60/3.40; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) This Roman cavalry fort's superbly preserved remains are set among idyllic green woods and meadows near the village of Chollerford. Originally constructed to house a unit of troops from Asturias in northern Spain, they include part of a bridge (best appreciated from the eastern bank), four gatehouses, a bathhouse and an underfloor heating system. The museum has a large Roman sculpture collection. It's served by Hadrian's Wall bus AD122. ### Haltwhistle & Around Pop 3790 It's one of the more intriguing debates in Britain: where exactly is the centre of the mainland? The residents of Haltwhistle, basically one long street just north of the A69, claim it's here. But then so do the folks in Dunsop Bridge, 71 miles to the south.... No matter, Haltwhistle is a handy spot to get some cash and load up on gear and groceries. Thursday is market day. 1Sights Vindolanda Roman Fort & MuseumHISTORIC SITE (www.vindolanda.com; adult/child £6.50/4, with Roman Army Museum £10/5.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep,to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Nov & Dec) The extensive site of Vindolanda offers a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of a Roman garrison town. The time-capsule museum is just one part of this large, extensively excavated site, which includes impressive parts of the fort and town (excavations continue) and reconstructed turrets and temple. It's 1.5 miles north of Bardon Mill between the A69 and B6318 and a mile from Once Brewed. Highlights of the Vindolanda museum displays include leather sandals, signature Roman toothbrush-flourish helmet decorations, and numerous writing tablets recently returned from the British Library. These include a student's marked work ('sloppy'), and a parent's note with a present of socks and underpants (things haven't changed – in this climate you can never have too many). Roman Army MuseumMUSEUM (www.vindolanda.com; adult/child £5.25/3, with Vindolanda £10/5.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov & Dec) A mile northeast of Greenhead, near Walltown Crags, this kid-pleasing museum provides lots of colourful background detail to Hadrian's Wall life, such as how the soldiers spent their R&R time in this lonely outpost of the empire. Housesteads Roman Fort & MuseumHISTORIC SITE (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £6.40/3.80; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) The most dramatic site of Hadrian's Wall – and the best-preserved Roman fort in the whole country – is at Housesteads, 2.5 miles north of Bardon Mill on the B6318, and about 6 miles from Haltwhistle. From here, high on a ridge and covering 2 hectares, you can survey the moors of Northumberland National Park, and the snaking wall, with a sense of awe at the landscape and the aura of the Roman lookouts. Housesteads' remains include an impressive hospital, granaries with a carefully worked out ventilation system and barrack blocks. Most memorable are the spectacularly situated communal flushable latrines. Information boards show what the individual buildings would have looked like in their heyday. There's a scale model of the entire fort in the small museum at the ticket office. Birdoswald Roman FortHISTORIC SITE (EH; %016977-47602; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.60/3.40; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Technically in Cumbria, the remains of this once-formidable fort on an escarpment overlooking the beautiful Irthing Gorge are on a minor road off the B6318, about 3 miles west of Greenhead; a fine stretch of wall extends from here to Harrow's Scar Milecastle. Lanercost PrioryRUIN (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £3.60/2.20; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Situated 2.6 miles northeast of Brampton, these peaceful raspberry-coloured ruins are all that remain of a priory founded in 1166 by Augustinian canons. Post-dissolution it became a private house and a priory church was created from the Early English nave. 4Sleeping Once Brewed YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9753; www.yha.org.uk; Military Rd, Bardon Mill; dm/d from £19.50/37.50; hMar-Nov; p) This modern, well-equipped hostel, with a kitchen, laundry and meals available, is central for visiting the Roman forts of Vindolanda, 1 mile away, and Housesteads, 3 miles away. The Hadrian's Wall bus AD122 drops you at the door. GreenheadHOSTEL ( %01697-747411; www.greenheadhotelandhostel.co.uk; Greenhead; dm from £15) A converted Methodist chapel by a trickling stream and a pleasant garden houses this independent hostel 3 miles west of Haltwhistle near the Roman Army Museum. There's a laundry and roomy kitchen, but if you don't feel like cooking, Greenhead's hotel across the road has a restaurant and bar. It's served by the Hadrian's Wall bus AD122. oAshcroftB&B ( %01434-320213; www.ashcroftguesthouse.co.uk; Lanty's Lonnen, Haltwhistle; s/d from £65/89; p W) British B&Bs don't get better than this elegant Edwardian vicarage surrounded by nearly 1 hectare of beautifully manicured, terraced lawns and gardens. Inside, the nine rooms – some with private balconies and terraces – have soaring ceilings and come with every gadget 21st-century beings need. The dining room is grander than some snooty hotels and the welcome certainly more genuine. Holmhead Guest HouseB&B ( %01697-747402; www.bandbhadrianswall.com; Greenhead Brampton; dm/s/d from £12.50/56/72, camping per person £7; p W) Built using recycled bits of the wall on whose foundations it stands, this superb farmhouse half a mile north of Greenhead offers comfy rooms, a basic bunk barn and unpowered campsites. The Pennine Way and the Hadrian's Wall Path pass through the grounds and Thirwall Castle's jagged ruins loom above. Ask to see the 3rd-century Roman graffiti. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01434-322002; www.northumberland.gov.uk; Mechanics Institute, Westgate; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct) ## Northumberland National Park England's last great wilderness is the 405 sq miles of natural wonderland that make up the country's least populated national park. The finest sections of Hadrian's Wall run along its southern edge and the landscape is dotted with prehistoric remains and fortified houses – the thick-walled _peles_ were the only solid buildings built here until the mid-18th century. Adjacent to the national park itself, the Kielder Water & Forest Park is home to Kielder Water, Europe's largest artificial lake, holding 200,000 million litres. Surrounding its 27-mile-long shoreline is England's largest forest, with 150 million spruce and pine trees. The lack of population here helped see the area awarded dark-sky status by the International Dark Skies Association in late 2013 (the largest such designation in Europe), with controls to prevent light pollution. The towns of Wooler (population 1990) and Rothbury (population 2330) make handy bases for exploring the area. 1Sights oKielder ObservatoryOBSERVATORY ( %07805-638469; www.kielderobservatory.org; off Shilling Pot; public observing session adult/child £15/10; hby reservation) For the best views of the Northumberland International Dark Sky Park, attend a stargazing session at this state-of-the-art, 2008-built observatory. In addition to public observing there are a host of events including family astronomy, astrophotography and star camps. Book well ahead for all events, which sell out quickly, and dress as you would for the ski slopes (it's seriously chilly here at night). At the signs towards Kielder Observatory and Skyspace, turn left; it's a 2-mile drive up the track. Cragside House, Garden & EstateHISTORIC BUILDING, GARDENS (NT; %01669-620333; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £15.85/7.90, gardens & estate only £10.20/5.20; hhouse 1-5pm or 11am-5pm Tue-Sun depending on the month, gardens 10.30am-5pm Tue-Sun mid-Mar–Oct) Situated 1 mile northeast of Rothbury is the astonishing country retreat of the first Lord Armstrong. In the 1880s the house had hot and cold running water, a telephone and alarm system, and was the first in the world to be lit by electricity, generated through hydropower. The sprawling Victorian gardens feature lakes, moors and one of Europe's largest rock gardens. Visit late May to mid-June to see Cragside's famous rhododendrons in bloom. It's just off the B6341. Chillingham Castle CASTLE ( %01668-215359; www.chillingham-castle.com; adult/child £9/5; hnoon-5pm Sun-Fri Apr-Oct) Steeped in history, warfare, torture and ghosts, Chillingham is said to be one of the country's most haunted places, with spectres from a phantom funeral to Lady Mary Berkeley seeking her errant husband. Owner Sir Humphrey Wakefield has passionately restored the castle's extravagant medieval staterooms, stone-flagged banquet halls and grisly torture chambers. Chillingham is 6 miles southeast of Wooler. Bus 470 (three daily Monday to Saturday) between Alnwick (£3.70, 25 minutes) and Wooler (£3.10, 20 minutes) stops at Chillingham. It's possible to stay at the medieval fortress in one of eight self-catering apartments where the likes of Henry III and Edward I once snoozed. Doubles start from £100. 2Activities The most spectacular stretch of the **Hadrian's Wall Path** is between Sewingshields and Greenhead in the south of the park. There are many fine walks through the Cheviots (including a clamber to the top of the 815m-high **Cheviot** , the highest peak in the range), frequently passing by prehistoric remnants; local tourist offices can provide maps, guides and route information. Though at times strenuous, **cycling** is a pleasure here; roads are good and traffic is light. Kielder Water is a water-sports playground (and midge magnet; bring insect repellent). There are also walking and cycling trails here as well as great birdwatching. Visit www.visitkielder.com for more information. 4Sleeping & Eating Wooler YHAHOSTEL ( %01668-281365; www.yha.org.uk; 30 Cheviot St; dm/d from £15.50/32; hMar-Nov; p W) In a low, red-brick building above Wooler, this handy hostel contains 57 beds in a variety of rooms including four handcrafted 'shepherds' huts', a modern lounge and a small restaurant. oOtterburn Castle Country House HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01830-520620; www.otterburncastle.com; Main St, Otterburn; s £59-69, d £99-119, f £129; p W) Founded by William the Conqueror's cousin Robert Umfraville in 1086 and set in 13 hectares of grounds, this storybook castle's 18 rooms (some with four-poster beds) are recently refurbished and astonishing value. Rates include breakfast, served in the wood-panelled Oak Room restaurant. Cheaper meals are available in the Stable Bar & Bistro. Katerina's Guest HouseB&B ( %01669-620691; www.katerinasguesthouse.co.uk; High St, Rothbury; d £78; W) Beamed ceilings, stone fireplaces and en suite rooms with fridges and canopied four-poster beds make Katerina's one of Rothbury's best choices. Bakeries, cafes and pubs abound along the street. 8Information For information, contact the National Park ( %01434-605555; www.northumberlandnationalpark.org.uk). As well as tourist offices in towns including Wooler ( %01668-282123; www.wooler.org.uk; Cheviot Centre, 12 Padgepool Pl; h10am-4.30pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) and Rothbury ( %01669-620887; www.theheartofnorthumberland.co.uk; Church St; h10am-4.30pm), there's a national park office in Once Brewed ( %01434-344396; Military Rd; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar). All offices can help find accommodation. 8Getting There & Around Public transport options are limited – to explore properly you really need your own wheels. A **Kielder** Bus 880 (£3.50, 50 minutes, two daily, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday) runs between Hexham and Kielder. A **Otterburn** Bus 808 (£3.50, 55 minutes, three daily, Monday to Saturday) runs between Otterburn and Newcastle. A National Express service calls at Otterburn (£5.80, 50 minutes, daily) between Newcastle and Edinburgh. A **Rothbury** Bus 14 runs hourly between Morpeth and Rothbury (£5, 1¼ hours, hourly, Monday to Saturday). A **Wooler** Buses 470 and 473 link Wooler and Alnwick (£3.70, 50 minutes, nine daily). Buses 267 and 464 run between Wooler and Berwick-upon-Tweed (£3.70, 50 minutes, nine daily). ## Northumberland Coast Like Northumberland's wild and remote interior, its coast is also sparsely populated. You won't find any hurdy-gurdy seaside resorts, but instead charming, castle-crowned villages strung along miles of wide, sandy beaches that you might just have to yourself. ## 2Driving Tour Northumberland Coast **Start** Newbiggin-by-the-Sea **End** Berwick-upon-Tweed **Length** 78 miles; one day It's possible to shadow the coast to the Scottish border from Tynemouth, but the scenery really picks up at 1 **Newbiggin-by-the-Sea**. Newbiggin's beach was recently restored, when over 500,000 tonnes of Skegness' sand was relocated here to counteract erosion, and Sean Henry's gigantic bronze sculpture _The Couple_ was installed offshore. Continuing north along the A1068 coast road for 13 miles brings you to the fishing port of 2 **Amble** , with a boardwalk along the seafront and puffin cruises. Less than 2 miles north, biscuit-coloured 3 **Warkworth** is a cluster of houses around a loop in the River Coquet, dominated by the craggy ruin of 14th-century Warkworth Castle. The castle features in Shakespeare's _Henry IV_ Parts I and II, and the 1998 film _Elizabeth_ was shot here. A few hundred yards upriver, the tiny 14th-century Warkworth Hermitage is carved into the rock. Some 5 miles north of Warkworth is 4 **Alnmouth** , with brightly painted houses and pretty beaches. It's another 5 miles inland to the bustling town of 5 **Alnwick** to see its imposing castle – which starred as Harry Potter's Hogwarts – and glorious Alnwick Garden. Turn back towards the coast and follow the B1339 for 4.7 miles before turning east on Windside Hill to 6 **Craster** , famed for its smoked kippers, which you can buy direct from the smokery. Don't miss a meal at the Jolly Fisherman, which has spectacular views of brooding Dunstanburgh Castle. Around 5 miles north at 7 **Low Newton-by-the-Sea** , in Embleton Bay, pause for a pint brewed at the Ship Inn. Past the village of Seahouses (the jumping-off point for the Farne Islands), quaint 8 **Bamburgh** is home to the most dramatic castle yet. Another 17 miles on, via a tidal causeway (check tide times!), the sacred priory ruins of isolated, other-worldly 9 **Holy Island (Lindisfarne)** still attract spiritual pilgrims. Return to the mainland where, 14 miles north, you can walk almost the entire length of the Elizabethan walls encircling England's northernmost city, beautiful a **Berwick-upon-Tweed**. ### Alnwick Pop 8120 Northumberland's historic ducal town, Alnwick (pronounced 'annick') is an elegant maze of narrow cobbled streets beneath the watchful gaze of a colossal medieval castle. Alnwick is also home to an enchanting bookshop and spectacular Alnwick Garden. 1Sights oAlnwick CastleCASTLE (www.alnwickcastle.com; adult/child £14.50/7.50, with Alnwick Garden £26.25/10.40; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Oct) The outwardly imposing ancestral home of the Duke of Northumberland, and a favourite set for film-makers (it was Hogwarts for the first couple of Harry Potter films), has changed little since the 14th century. The interior is sumptuous and extravagant; the six rooms open to the public – staterooms, dining room, guard chamber and library – have an incredible display of Italian paintings, including Titian's _Ecce Homo_ and many Canalettos. Various free tours include several focusing on Harry Potter and other productions that have used the castle as a backdrop, including British comedy series _Blackadder_. The castle is set in parklands designed by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown. The woodland walk offers some great aspects of the castle, or for a view looking up the River Aln, take the B1340 towards the coast. Alnwick GardenGARDENS (www.alnwickgarden.com; adult/child £13.75/4.40; h10am-7pm Jan-Oct, noon-6pm Nov & Dec) This 4.8-hectare walled garden has been transformed from a derelict site into a series of magnificent green spaces surrounding the breathtaking Grand Cascade – 120 separate jets spurting more than 30,000L of water down 21 weirs for everyone to marvel at and kids to splash around in. There are half a dozen other gardens, including the Franco-Italian-influenced **Ornamental Garden** (with more than 15,000 plants), the **Rose Garden** and the fascinating **Poison Garden** , home to some of the deadliest – and most illegal – plants in the world, including cannabis, magic mushrooms, belladonna and tobacco. 4Sleeping & Eating Alnwick fills up at weekends from Easter onwards so book ahead. B&Bs cluster near the castle. oAlnwick LodgeB&B ( %01665-604363; www.alnwicklodge.com; West Cawledge Park, A1; sites from £12, s/d/f from £55/72/100; p W) Situated 2 miles south off the A1, this gorgeous Victorian farmstead has 15 antique-filled rooms with quirky touches like free-standing, lidded baths. Cooked breakfasts are served around a huge circular banqueting table. You can also go 'glamping' in restored gypsy caravans, wagons and shepherds' huts (from £45, linen per bed £15; shared bathrooms), or pitch up on the sheltered meadow. White Swan HotelHOTEL ( %01665-602109; www.classiclodges.co.uk; Bondgate Within; d/f from £105/115; p W) Alnwick's top address is this 300-year-old coaching inn in the heart of town. Its rooms are all superbly appointed (LCD TVs, DVD players and free wi-fi), but its showpiece is the fine-dining restaurant (mains £11 to £19), fitted with the original dining room decor from the _Olympic,_ sister ship to the _Titanic_ – elaborate panelling, ceiling and stained-glass windows included. Art HouseINTERNATIONAL (www.arthouserestaurant.com; 14 Bondgate Within; mains £10-16; h11am-11pm Thu-Mon) Located partially within the 15th-century Hotspur Tower (aka Bondgate Tower), this hip restaurant/art gallery serves upmarket comfort food like sausages with wholegrain mustard mash, pulled pork burgers and steaks with Alnwick rum sauce. 7Shopping oBarter BooksBOOKS ( %01665-604888; www.barterbooks.co.uk; Alnwick Station; h9am-7pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep, 9am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 7pm Sat Oct-Mar) If you're familiar with the renaissance of the WWII 'Keep Calm and Carry On' slogan, it's thanks to this wonderfully atmospheric secondhand bookshop in Alnwick's Victorian former railway station. While converting the station, the owner came across a set of posters – the framed original is above the till – and turned it into a successful industry. Coal fires, velvet ottomans, reading rooms and a cafe make this a place you could spend days in, the silence interrupted only by the tiny rumble of the toy train that runs along the track above your head. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01670-622152; www.visitalnwick.org.uk; 2 The Shambles; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Easter-Oct, 9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat Nov-Easter) By the marketplace. 8Getting There & Away Alnwick's nearest train station is at Alnmouth, connected to Alnwick by bus X18 (£2.65, 10 minutes, hourly). Buses X15 and X18 run to Berwick-upon-Tweed (£5.90, 50 minutes, 10 daily) and Newcastle (£5.90, one hour, 10 daily). ### Craster Pop 435 Sandy, salty Craster is a small, sheltered fishing village about 6 miles northeast of Alnwick, and is famous for its kippers. In the early 20th century, 2500 herring were smoked here daily. The kippers they still produce today often grace the Queen's breakfast table, no less. 1Sights Dunstanburgh CastleCASTLE (EH & NT; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £4.30/2.60; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) The dramatic 1.5-mile walk along the coast from Craster (not accessible by car) is the most scenic path to this moody, weather-beaten castle. Its construction began in 1314, it was strengthened during the Wars of the Roses, but left to crumble, becoming ruined by 1550. Parts of the original wall and gatehouse keep are still standing and it's a tribute to its builders that so much remains. You can also reach the castle on foot from Embleton (1.5 miles). 5Eating oJolly FishermanPUB ( %016650-576461; www.thejollyfishermancraster.co.uk; Haven Hill, Craster; lunch mains £7-10, dinner mains £12-20; hkitchen 11am-3pm & 5-8.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-7pm Sun; c) Crab (in sensational soup, sandwiches, fish platters and more) is the speciality of this superb gastropub, but Paul Bocuse–trained chef John Blackmore's other amazing creations include apricot-stuffed pheasant leg and Northumbrian venison with juniper berry jus. Great wine list, wonderful real ales, a roaring fire in the bar and a stunning beer garden overlooking Dunstanburgh Castle, too. 7Shopping Robson & SonsFOOD ( %01665-576223; www.kipper.co.uk; Haven Hill, Craster; kippers per kilo £6) Four generations have operated this traditional fish smokers. It's best known for its kippers, but also smokes salmon and other fish. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01665-576007; Quarry Car Park; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct) 8Getting There & Away Bus X18 runs to Berwick-upon-Tweed (£5.90, 1½ hours, nine daily) and Newcastle (£5.40, 1½ hours, nine daily). Bus 418 links Craster to Alnwick (£4.90, 30 minutes, hourly). ### Embleton Bay Beautiful Embleton Bay, a pale wide arc of sand, stretches from Dunstanburgh past the endearing, sloping village of Embleton and curves in a broad vanilla-coloured strand around to end at Low Newton-by-the-Sea, a tiny whitewashed, National Trust–preserved village. 1Sights & Activities Behind the bay is a path leading to the **Newton Pool Nature Reserve** , an important spot for breeding and migrating birds such as black-headed gulls and grasshopper warblers. There are a couple of hides where you can peer out at them. You can continue walking along the headland beyond Low Newton, where you'll find **Football Hole** , a delightful hidden beach between headlands. Dunstanburgh Castle Golf ClubGOLF ( %01665-576562; www.dunstanburgh.com; green fee per round weekday/weekend £26/30; hby reservation) First laid out in 1900, this stunning course was improved upon by golf legend and 'inventor' of the dogleg, James Braid (1870–1950) in 1922. 4Sleeping & Eating Joiners ArmsPUB ( %01665-576112; www.joiners-arms.com; High Newton-by-the-Sea; d £140-155; p W) Locals love this gastropub and for good reason: ingredients are sourced nearby, the seafood and steaks are excellent (mains £8 to £21) and families are warmly welcomed. But for visitors, it's also a fantastic place to stay – five contemporary guest rooms are individually and exquisitely decorated with details like exposed brick, free-standing baths and four-poster beds. Ship InnPUB ( %01665-576262; www.shipinnnewton.co.uk; Low Newton-by-the-Sea; mains £8.50-18; hbar 11am-11pm Mon-Sat, noon-11pm Sun, kitchen noon-2.30pm daily & 7-8pm Wed-Sat) S Set around a village green, this wonderful pub brews 20 different beers – blond, wheat, rye, bitter, stout and seasonal – using local Coquet river water. Food is first-rate, too, from local crab to slow-cooked Peelham Farm lamb shanks with lemon and parsley couscous. No credit cards. 8Getting There & Away Bus X18 to Newcastle (£5.40, 1¾ hours, nine daily) and Berwick-upon-Tweed (£5.40, 1¼ hours, nine daily) stops outside the Joiners Arms. Bus 418 (£4.90, 40 minutes, hourly) links the village of Embleton with Alnwick. ### Farne Islands Farne IslandsWILDLIFE RESERVE (NT; %07901-922143; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child excl boat transport £6.80/3.50; hby reservation, season and conditions permitting) During breeding season (roughly May to July), you can see feeding chicks of 20 species of seabird, including puffin, kittiwake, Arctic tern, eider duck, cormorant and gull, as well as some 6000 grey seals on this rocky archipelago about 3 miles offshore from the fishing village of Seahouses, reached from its dock with operators including Billy Shiel ( %01665-720308; www.farne-islands.com; 2½hr tour adult/child £13/9, 6hr tour £30/18). Crossings can be rough (impossible in bad weather); wear warm, waterproof clothing and an old hat to guard against the birds! Inner Farne is the more interesting of the two islands accessible to the public (along with Staple Island); its tiny chapel (1370; restored 1848) commemorates St Cuthbert, who lived here for a spell and died here in 687. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01670-625593; www.seahouses.org; Sea­field car park; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Seahouses bus connections include bus X18 to Berwick-upon-Tweed (£5.70, nine daily, 45 minutes) and Newcastle (£6.20, nine daily, two hours). Bus 418 runs to Alnwick (£5.10, 55 minutes, hourly). ### Bamburgh Pop 280 Roosting high up on a basalt crag, Bamburgh's mighty castle looms over the quaint village – a clutch of houses around a pleasant green – which continues to commemorate the valiant achievements of local heroine, Grace Darling. 1Sights Bamburgh CastleCASTLE (www.bamburghcastle.com; adult/child £9.95/4.50; h10am-5pm mid-Feb–Oct, 11am-4.30pm Nov–mid-Feb) Northumberland's most dramatic castle was built around a powerful 11th-century Norman keep by Henry II. The castle played a key role in the border wars of the 13th and 14th centuries, and in 1464 was the first English castle to fall during the Wars of the Roses. It was restored in the 19th century by the great industrialist Lord Armstrong, and is still home to the Armstrong family. Its name is a derivative of Bebbanburgh, after the wife of Anglo-Saxon ruler Aedelfrip, whose fortified home occupied this basalt outcrop 500 years earlier. Antique furniture, suits of armour, priceless ceramics and artworks cram the castle's rooms and chambers, but top billing goes to the neo-Gothic **King's Hall** with wood panelling, leaded windows and hefty beams supporting the roof. RNLI Grace Darling MuseumMUSEUM (www.rnli.org; 1 Radcliffe Rd; h10am-5pm Easter-Sep, 10am-4pm Tue-Sun Oct-Easter) F Born in Bamburgh, Grace Darling was the lighthouse keeper's daughter on Outer Farne who rowed out to the grounded, flailing SS _Forfarshire_ in 1838 and saved its crew in the middle of a dreadful storm. This recently refurbished museum even has her actual coble (row boat) as well as a film on the events of that stormy night. Grace was born just three houses down from the museum and is buried in the churchyard opposite. Her ornate wrought-iron and sandstone tomb was built tall so as to be visible to passing ships. 5Eating oMizen HeadMODERN BRITISH ( %01668 214 254; www.mizenheadhotel.co.uk; Lucker Rd; mains £10-29; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm; p W) Since it opened in 2011, Bamburgh's best place to eat and/or stay is this stunning restaurant with rooms. Local seafood – lobster thermidor, roast turbot with asparagus, tarragon and lemon butter – is the kitchen's speciality, along with chargrilled steaks. Its six rooms with chequered fabrics and black-and-white coastal prints are light, bright and spacious (doubles from £100 to £140). Switched-on staff know their stuff. There's wi-fi in public areas only. 8Getting There & Away Take bus X18 north to Berwick-upon-Tweed (£5.90, 35 minutes, nine daily) or south to Newcastle (£5.90, two hours, nine daily). ### Holy Island (Lindisfarne) Pop 160 There's something almost other-worldly about this tiny, 2-sq-mile island. Connected to the mainland by a narrow causeway that only appears at low tide, it's fiercely desolate and isolated, scarcely different from when St Aidan arrived to found a monastery in 635. As you cross the empty flats, it's easy to imagine the marauding Vikings who repeatedly sacked the settlement between 793 and 875, when the monks finally took the hint and left. They carried with them the illuminated _Lindisfarne Gospels_ (now in the British Library in London) and the miraculously preserved body of St Cuthbert, who lived here for a couple of years but preferred the hermit's life on Inner Farne. A priory was re-established in the 11th century, but didn't survive the Dissolution in 1537. Pay close attention to the crossing-time information, posted at tourist offices and on notice boards throughout the area, and at www.holy-island.info. Every year drivers are caught midway by the incoming tide and have to abandon their cars. 1Sights Lindisfarne PrioryRUIN (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk; adult/child £5.40/3.20; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) The skeletal, red and grey ruins of the priory are an eerie sight and give a glimpse into the isolated life led by the Lindisfarne monks. The later 13th-century **St Mary the Virgin Church** is built on the site of the first church between the Tees and the Firth of Forth, and the adjacent **museum** displays the remains of the first monastery and tells the story of the monastic community before and after the Dissolution. Lindisfarne Heritage CentreMUSEUM (www.lindisfarne-centre.com; Marygate; adult/child £4/2; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, reduced hr Nov-Mar) Twenty pages of the luminescent _Lindisfarne Gospels_ can be flicked through on touch-screens here, though there's normally a queue. While you wait your turn there are fascinating exhibitions on the Vikings and the sacking of Lindisfarne in 793. Lindisfarne CastleCASTLE (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £7.40/3.70; h10am-3pm Tue-Sun Mar-Oct) Half a mile from the village stands this tiny, storybook castle, moulded onto a hunk of rock in 1550, and extended and converted by Sir Edwin Lutyens from 1902 to 1910 for Mr Hudson, the owner of _Country Life_ magazine – you can imagine some of the decadent Gatsby-style parties to have graced its alluring rooms. Opening times can vary due to tide times. 4Sleeping & Eating It's possible to stay on the island, but you'll need to book well in advance. Crown & AnchorINN ( %01289-389215; www.holyislandcrown.co.uk; Market Place; d £75-100) The only locally run inn on the island is a relaxed, down-to-earth spot with brightly coloured guest rooms and solid pub grub (steak-and-ale pie, rib-eye steak with onion rings; mains £8 to £18), but the biggest winner is the beer garden with a postcard panorama of the castle, priory and harbour. Lindisfarne InnINN ( %01289-381223; www.lindisfarneinn.co.uk; Beal; s/d from £60/85; W) Although on the mainland (on the A1 next to the turn-off to the causeway), this is a handy alternative to staying and/or dining on the island if you're cutting it fine with crossing times. Its 21 spotless, modern rooms are set far back enough that road noise isn't a problem. Well-above-average bar food includes a catch-of-the-day fisherman's pie (mains £9 to £15). There's wi-fi in the bar only. Open GateGUESTHOUSE ( %01289-389222; www.aidanandhilda.org; Mary­gate; s £48-58, d £78-85) An Elizabethan farmhouse is the setting for this Christian retreat. In addition to four en suite rooms, the top floor has some cheaper single rooms that share bathrooms (£38). 8Getting There & Around The sea covers the causeway and cuts the island off from the mainland for about five hours each day. Holy Island can sometimes be reached by bus 477 from Berwick-upon-Tweed (£4.50, 40 minutes, depends on tides); check with Berwick's tourist offices for updated information. Drivers need to park in one of the signposted car parks (£4.60 per day). A shuttle bus (£2 return) runs from the car park to the castle every 20 minutes. ### Berwick-upon-Tweed Pop 13,265 England's northernmost city is a picturesque fortress town, cleaved by the River Tweed, which is spanned by the Grade I–listed Berwick Bridge (aka Old Bridge), built from sandstone between 1611 and 1624, and the Royal Tweed (1925–28). Berwick is the stubborn holder of two unique honours: it is the most fought-over settlement in European history (between 1174 and 1482 it changed hands 14 times between the Scots and the English); and its football team, Berwick Rangers, are the only English team to play in the Scottish League (albeit in lowly Scottish League Two). Although firmly English since the 15th century, Berwick retains its own identity, with locals south of the border speaking with a noticeable Scottish whirr. 1Sights & Activities Berwick WallsWALLS (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; hdaylight hr) F You can walk almost the entire length of Berwick's hefty Elizabethan walls, begun in 1558 to reinforce an earlier set built during the reign of Edward II. The mile-long walk is a must, with wonderful, wide-open views. Only a small fragment remains of the once-mighty **border castle** , most of the building having been replaced by the train station. Berwick BarracksMUSEUM, GALLERY (EH; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.english-heritage.org.uk; The Parade; adult/child £4.20/2.50; h10am-6pm Mon-Fri Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct) Designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor, Britain's oldest purpose-built barracks (1717) now house an assortment of museums and art galleries, covering a history of the town and British soldiery since the 17th century. The **Gymnasium Gallery** hosts big-name contemporary art exhibitions. Cell Block MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Marygate; adult/child £2/50p; htours 10.30am & 2pm Mon-Fri Easter-Sep) The original jail cells in the upper floor of the town hall (1750–61) have been preserved as a chilling museum devoted to crime and punishment. Tours take in the public rooms, museum, jail and belfry. TTours Time to Explore Guided ToursWALKING TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01289-330218; www.visitberwick.com; 106 Marygate; Town & Walls adult/child £5/free, Hidden Berwick adult/child £6/free; hby reservation Easter-Oct) Passionate local Derek Sharman leads 1¼-hour Town & Walls tours taking in the town's highlights, and 1¾-hour Hidden Berwick tours including entry to an Elizabethan bastion and the 18th-century gunpowder magazine, which aren't normally open to the public. Tours depart from the tourist office. 4Sleeping Accommodation in Berwick is limited – the tourist office can help find places to stay. Berwick YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01629-592700; www.yha.org.uk; Dewars Lane; dm/d from £18/59; i W) A 240-year-old granary has been converted into a state-of-the-art hostel with contemporary facilities: comfortable dorms, a handful of en suite doubles, a TV room, a laundry and wi-fi in common areas. Staff are terrifically friendly and helpful. Granary GuesthouseBOUTIQUE B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01289-304403; www.granaryguesthouse.co.uk; 11 Bridge St; s/d from £80/96; p W) S In a charming town-centre location, Berwick's most romantic B&B has three fresh, elegant and contemporary guest rooms, locally sourced and/or organic breakfasts and an on site beauty treatment room offering massages. 5Eating & Drinking AudelaMODERN BRITISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01289-308827; www.audela.co.uk; 41-47 Bridge St; breakfast dishes £3-8, lunch mains £5-9.50, dinner mains £8-19; h9am-9pm; c) S Named for the last vessel to be built at Berwick Shipyard (in 1979), this brand-new addition to Berwick's dining scene has become the town's top table. Local suppliers provide the ingredients for dishes like twice-baked blue cheese soufflé, halibut with lemon butter sauce and herb-crusted rack of lamb, served in a striking sage-green dining room. Barrels AlehousePUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 59-61 Bridge St; hnoon-midnight; W) Berwick's best watering hole attracts a mixed, laid-back crowd who can be found sipping real ales and micro-distilled gins and whiskies at all hours. There's regular live music in the atmospherically dingy basement bar. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01670-622155; www.visitberwick.com; 106 Marygate; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses stop on Golden Sq (where Marygate becomes Castlegate). National Express coaches between Edinburgh (£11.60, 1¼ hours, twice daily) and London (£36.50, eight hours, twice daily) stop here. Other options include buses X15 (via Alnwick) and X18 to Newcastle (£6.50, 2½ hours, nine daily) and bus 477 to Holy Island (£4.50, 35 minutes, depends on tides; check with Berwick's tourist offices for updated information). Train Berwick is almost exactly halfway between Edinburgh (£19.90, 40 minutes, every 30 minutes) and Newcastle (£23.60, 45 minutes, every 30 minutes) on the East Coast Main Line linking London and Edinburgh. # Wales #### Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales #### Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales #### Snowdonia & North Wales # Wales ## Wales Highlights 1 Exploring **Cardiff** , the Welsh capital, with its fantasy castle, Victorian shopping arcades and lively nightlife 2 Catching some breaks or just enjoying the views along the **Gower Peninsula** 3 Marvelling at the picture-perfect ruins of Tintern Abbey in the beautiful Wye Valley 4 Enjoying tiny St Davids, with its beautiful cathedral and idyllic setting 5 Climbing Wales' highest peak, Snowdon, or enjoying more gentle exercise in **Snowdonia** 6 Buying fish and chips and strolling along the pier in Llandudno 7 Seeing Caernarfon Castle, arguably the most impressive of Wales' many fortresses 8 Wandering through **Hay-on-Wye** , a book-lover's heaven 9 Walking in the mountains, then eating in the gastropubs of the **Brecon Beacons** The Green Bridge of Wales, Pembrokeshire, WalesJOE DANIEL PRICE / GETTY IMAGES © # Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales #### Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales Highlights #### Cardiff (Caerdydd) #### Around Cardiff #### Penarth #### Barry (Y Barri) #### Castell Coch #### Caerphilly (Caerffili) #### Southeast Wales #### Newport (Casnewydd) #### Caerleon #### Chepstow (Cas-gwent) #### Lower Wye Valley #### Monmouth (Trefynwy) #### Skenfrith #### Blaenavon (Blaenafon) #### Swansea & the Gower #### Swansea (Abertawe) #### Mumbles (Y Mwmbwls) #### Gower Peninsula (Y Gwyr) #### Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin) #### Llandeilo & Around #### Kidwelly (Cydweli) #### Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin) #### Laugharne (Talacharn) #### Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) #### Narberth (Arberth) #### Tenby (Dinbych-y-Pysgod) #### West of Tenby #### Carew #### Pembroke (Penfro) #### Marloes Sands & Around #### Solva (Solfach) #### St Davids (Tyddewi) #### Walking Tour #### Porthgain #### Fishguard (Abergwaun) #### Newport (Trefdraeth) #### Preseli Hills (Mynydd Preseli) # Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales ### Why Go? Stretching from historic border town Chepstow through to the jagged Pembrokeshire Coast in the west, South Wales really packs in the sights. Hugging the border, the Wye Valley is the birthplace of British tourism. For more than 200 years people have come to explore this tranquil waterway and its winding, wooded vale, where the majestic ruins of Tintern Abbey have inspired generations of poets and artists. The nation's capital, Cardiff, flies the flag for big-city sophistication in the land of the red dragon. Just out of Swansea, Wales' second city, the Gower Peninsula revels in its coastal beauty. To the north, the fecund heartland of rural Carmarthenshire offers country comfort in abundance. Beyond Cardiff, the biggest draw in South Wales remains Pembrokeshire, where almost 200 miles of magical shoreline has been declared a national park, delineated by craggy cliffs, golden sands, chocolate-box villages and seaside resorts. ### When to Go Wales' home matches in the Six Nations Rugby Championship warm the spirits of locals and visitors alike during chilly February and March. Early daffodils pop out to celebrate St David's Day on 1 March – spend it in the saint's city, St Davids. If you're planning some coastal walking, April to July are the driest months. In July the summer-long Cardiff Festival kicks off, incorporating theatre, comedy, music and a food festival. In August, the warmest month, knights storm Cardiff Castle, classic cars converge and gay pride hits the streets. Swansea Bay's summer festival continues right through to September. ### Best Places to Eat APurple Poppadom AHalen Môr ACors AFood at Williams ACoffee Barker ### Best Places to Stay AGrove AManor Town House AOld School Hostel AOld Rectory ARiver House Backpackers ## Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales Highlights 1 Diving into the myriad attractions and raucous nightlife of Wales' dynamic capital city, Cardiff 2 Watching the surf break at Rhossili Bay on the spectacular Gower Peninsula 3 Unwinding in St Davids, Wales' most beguiling little city 4 Strolling among the romantic ruins of Tintern Abbey in the glorious Wye Valley 5 Discovering gardens and manor houses secluded in lush countryside around Llandeilo 6 Building sandcastles in the shadow of the real thing at Tenby 7 Tracing a breathtaking collision of rock and sea along the Pembrokeshire Coast Path 8 Crossing the moat at Caerphilly Castle and wandering into a fairy tale 9 Feasting on World Heritage industrial sites and world-class cheese at Blaenavon 2Activities For outdoor activities, the region's main draw is Pembrokeshire. Walkers love the **Pembrokeshire Coast Path** , a 186-mile jaunt through some of Britain's most spectacular scenery. Watersports on offer include excellent sea kayaking, surfing and, most thrilling of all, coasteering. Another area popular with surfers and walkers is the Gower Peninsula. The **Lôn Geltaidd** (Celtic Trail; NCN Routes 4 and 47) cycle route cuts clear across South Wales from the Severn Bridge to Fishguard via Chepstow, Swansea and Carmarthen. Off-road cycling fans should head for the tracks and byways of the Preseli Hills, south of Newport, or to the dedicated **Cognation** (www.cognation.co.uk) mountain-bike areas between Cardiff and the Brecon Beacons. 8Getting There & Around Frequent train and coach services connect South Wales to England and the rest of Wales. The main railway continues west to the ferry terminals of Fishguard and Pembroke Dock (both ports for Ireland). Trains also trundle through Carmarthenshire on the famously scenic **Heart of Wales line** (www.heart-of-wales.co.uk) between Swansea and Shrewsbury. For information on routes and timetables, refer to www.traveline-cymru.info. ## Cardiff (Caerdydd) Pop 447,000 The capital of Wales since only 1955, Cardiff has embraced the role with vigour, emerging in the new millennium as one of Britain's leading urban centres. Caught between an ancient fort and an ultramodern waterfront, compact Cardiff seems to have surprised even itself with how interesting it has become. The city has entered the 21st century pumped up on steroids, flexing its recently acquired architectural muscles as if it's astonished to have them. This newfound confidence is infectious, and these days it's not just the game of rugby that draws crowds into the city. Come weekends, a buzz reverberates through the streets as swarms of shoppers hit the Hayes, followed by waves of revellers descending on the capital's thriving pubs, bars and live-music venues. ### CARDIFF IN... ### TWO DAYS Wander around the central city, stopping to explore Cardiff Castle and the National Museum Cardiff. Lunch could be a picnic in Bute Park with treats acquired at Cardiff Market or, if the weather's not cooperating, a meal at any of the reasonably priced central-city eateries. Spend your second day heading back to the future at **Cardiff Bay** , where you can immerse yourself in forward-thinking architecture and have a Doctor Who Experience. ### FOUR DAYS Spend your third morning steeped in history at St Fagans National History Museum, then check out Barry Island. On your last day, head north to explore Llandaff Cathedral, then continue on to Castell Coch and Caerphilly Castle. For your last night in the Welsh capital, blast away the cobwebs in one of the city's live-music venues. History In AD 75 the Romans built a fort where Cardiff Castle now stands. The name 'Cardiff' probably derives from the Welsh Caer Tâf (Fort on the River Taff) or Caer Didi (Didius' Fort), referring to the Roman general Aulus Didius. After the Romans left Britain, the site remained unoccupied until the Norman Conquest. In 1093 a Norman knight named Robert Fitzhamon, conqueror of Glamorgan and later earl of Gloucester, built himself a castle here (the remains stand within the grounds of Cardiff Castle) and a small town grew up around it. Both were damaged during a Welsh revolt in 1183, and the town was sacked in 1404 by Owain Glyndŵr during his unsuccessful rebellion against English domination. The first of the Tudor Acts of Union in 1536 put the English stamp on Cardiff and brought some stability. But despite Cardiff's importance as a port, market town and bishopric, only 1000 people were living here in 1801. Cardiff owes its present-day stature to iron and coal mining in the valleys to the north. Coal was first exported, on a small scale, as early as 1600. In 1794 the Bute family, which owned much of the land from which Welsh coal was mined, built the Glamorganshire Canal to enable iron to be shipped to Cardiff from Merthyr Tydfil. In 1840 the canal was superseded by the Taff Vale Railway. A year earlier the second marquess of Bute had completed the first docks at Butetown, just south of Cardiff, getting the jump on other South Wales ports. By the time it dawned on everyone that the valleys held immense reserves of coal, which triggered a kind of black gold rush, the Butes were in a position to insist the coal be shipped from Butetown. Cardiff was off and running. The docklands expanded rapidly; the Butes grew staggeringly rich; and the town boomed, its population rising to 170,000 by the end of the 19th century and to 227,000 by 1931. A large, multiracial workers' community known as Tiger Bay grew up in the harbourside area of Butetown. In 1905 Cardiff was officially designated a city, and a year later its elegant Civic Centre was inaugurated. The city's wealth and its hold on the coal trade persuaded Captain Robert Scott to launch his ill-fated expedition to the South Pole from here in 1910. Cardiff became the world's top coal port in 1913, exporting some 13 million tonnes of the stuff. The slump in the coal trade after WWI and the Great Depression of the 1930s slowed Cardiff's expansion. Bombing in WWII badly damaged the city and claimed more than 350 lives. Shortly afterwards the coal industry was nationalised, prompting the Butes to pack their bags and leave town in 1947. Wales had no official capital, and the need for one was seen as an important focus for Welsh nationhood. Cardiff had the advantage of being the country's biggest city and boasting the architectural riches of the Civic Centre, which today includes the National Museum Cardiff, City Hall, police headquarters, law courts, crown offices and Cardiff University. A ballot of members of the Welsh authorities gave Cardiff 36 votes against Caernarfon's 11 and Aberystwyth's four, and it was proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955. Cardiff 4Sleeping 1Lincoln HouseA1 2Number 62B1 3Saco HouseA1 4Town HouseA1 5Tŷ RosaB4 5Eating 6BravaA1 7Bully'sA1 8ConwayA1 9Purple PoppadomA2 3Entertainment 10ChapterA1 Cardiff Central 1Top Sights 1Bute ParkC3 2Cardiff CastleC4 3Millennium StadiumC5 4National Museum CardiffD2 1Sights 5Animal WallC4 6Cardiff StoryD4 7St John the Baptist ChurchD4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 8Cardiff Cycle ToursB5 4Sleeping NosDaB5 9Park PlazaE3 10Premier Inn Cardiff City CentreF4 11River House BackpackersB5 5Eating 12Cafe CittáD4 13Coffee BarkerD4 14Goat MajorD4 15Park HouseE2 16Riverside MarketC6 6Drinking & Nightlife 1710 Feet TallD4 18Buffalo BarE3 19City ArmsC4 20EagleE4 21Full MoonC4 22Golden CrossE6 23GwdihŵF4 24Pen & WigE1 25Pica PicaC4 26Porter'sF5 3Entertainment 27Clwb Ifor BachC4 28New TheatreE3 29Sherman CymruE1 30St David's HallE4 7Shopping 31Cardiff MarketD4 32Castle ArcadeC4 33Castle Welsh CraftsC4 34High St ArcadeD4 35Morgan QuarterD5 36Spillers RecordsE5 37St David'sE5 38WRU StoreC5 39Wyndham ArcadeE5 1Sights #### Central Cardiff oNational Museum CardiffMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museumwales.ac.uk; Gorsedd Gardens Rd; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F Devoted mainly to natural history and art, this grand neoclassical building is the centrepiece of the seven institutions dotted around the country that together form the Welsh National Museum. It's one of Britain's best museums; you'll need at least three hours to do it justice, but it could easily consume the best part of a rainy day. The excellent art collection's treasures include a trio of Monet's _Water Lilies,_ alongside his scenes of London, Rouen and Venice; Sisley's _The Cliff at Penarth_ (the artist was married in Cardiff); Renoir's shimmering _La Parisienne;_ and Van Gogh's anguished _Rain: Auvers_. Welsh artists such as Gwen and Augustus John, Richard Wilson, Thomas Jones, David Jones and Ceri Richards are well represented. A large new space is devoted to contemporary exhibitions. oCardiff CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cardiffcastle.com; Castle St; adult/child £12/9, incl guided tour £15/11; h9am-5pm) The grafting of Victorian mock-Gothic extravagance onto Cardiff's most important historical relics makes Cardiff Castle the city's leading attraction. Far from a traditional Welsh castle, it's more a collection of disparate buildings scattered around a central green and which encompasses practically the entire history of Cardiff. The most conventionally castle-like bits are the 12th-century motte-and-bailey **Norman keep** at its centre and the 13th-century **Black Tower** , which forms the entrance gate. In the 19th century it was discovered that the Normans had built their fortifications on top of the original 1st-century Roman fort. The high walls that surround the castle are largely a Victorian reproduction of the 3m-thick Roman walls from the 3rd century. Also from the 19th century are the towers and turrets on the west side, dominated by the colourful 40m clock tower. This faux-Gothic extravaganza was dreamed up by the third marquess of Bute and his architect, the eccentric William Burges. Both were obsessed with Gothic architecture, religious symbolism and astrology, influences that were incorporated into the designs. A 50-minute guided tour takes you through the interiors of this flamboyant fantasy world, from the winter smoking room in the clock tower with decor expounding on the theme of time, to the mahogany-and-mirrors narcissism of Lord Bute's bedroom. The banqueting hall boasts Bute-family heraldic shields and a fantastically over-the-top fireplace. Marble, sandalwood, parrots and acres of gold leaf create an elaborate Moorish look in the Arab room. The neighbouring nursery is decorated with fairy-tale and nursery-rhyme characters, while the Roman-style roof garden seems to underline how much of a fantasy all this really was – designed with southern Italy in mind, rather than Wales. Some but not all of these rooms can be accessed with a regular castle entry, which includes an excellent audioguide (also available in a children's edition and a range of languages). Below the ticket office is **Firing Line** , a small museum devoted to Welsh soldiers. oBute ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h7.30am-sunset) Flanked by the castle and the River Taff, Bute Park was donated to the city along with the castle in 1947. With Sophia Gardens, Pontcanna Fields and Llandaff Fields, it forms a green corridor that stretches northwest for 1½ miles to Llandaff. All were once part of the Bute family's vast holdings. Forming the park's southern edge, the Animal Wall ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) is topped with stone figures of lions, seals, bears and other creatures. In the 1930s they were the subject of a newspaper cartoon strip and many Cardiff kids grew up thinking the animals came alive at night. oMillennium StadiumSTADIUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2082 2228; www.millenniumstadium.com; Westgate St; tours adult/child £9.50/6) This spectacular stadium squats like a stranded spaceship on the River Taff's east bank. Attendance at matches has increased dramatically since this 74,500-seat, £168-million, three-tiered stadium with sliding roof was completed in time to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Rugby is the national game and when the crowd begins to sing at Millennium, the whole of Cardiff resonates. If you can't get tickets to a match, it's well worth taking a tour. Book online or at the WRU Store ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 8 Westgate St; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun). Cardiff StoryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cardiffstory.com; Old Library, The Hayes; h10am-4pm) This excellent little museum uses interactive displays, video footage and everyday objects to tell the story of Cardiff's transformation from a small market town into the world's biggest coal port and then into the capital city of today. Check out the original entrance to the library, lined with beautiful Victorian tiles, and head upstairs to see temporary art exhibitions. St John the Baptist ChurchCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Working St; h10am-3pm Mon-Sat) A graceful Gothic tower rises from this 15th-century church, its delicate stonework looking almost like filigree. A church has stood on this site since at least 1180. Inside there are regimental flags, elegant pointed arches and a spectacular Elizabethan-era tomb. Regular lunchtime organ concerts are held here. ### THE BEAUT BUTES The Butes, an aristocratic Scottish family related to the Stuart monarchy, arrived in Cardiff in 1766 in the shape of John, Lord Mountstuart, who had served briefly as prime minister under King George I. He married a local heiress, Charlotte Jane Windsor, and in the process acquired vast estates and mineral rights in South Wales. Their grandson, the second marquess of Bute, grew fabulously wealthy from coal mining and then, in 1839, chanced his fortune to create the first docks at Cardiff. The gamble paid off. The coal-export business boomed, and his son, John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, the third marquess of Bute, became one of the richest people on the planet. Not your conventional Victorian aristocrat, John was an intense, scholarly man with a passion for history, architecture, ritual and religion (Catholicism). He neither hunted nor fished, but instead supported the antivivisection movement and campaigned for the rights of women to a university education. The Butes had interests all over Britain and never spent more than about six weeks at a time in Cardiff. Soon after WWII ended they had sold or given away all of their Cardiff assets, the fifth marquess gifting Cardiff Castle and Bute Park to the city in 1947. The present marquess, the seventh, lives in the family seat at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute in Scotland's Firth of Clyde. Another maverick, he's better known as Johnny Dumfries, the former Formula One racing driver. #### WORTH A TRIP ### LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL Llandaff CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2056 4554; www.llandaffcathedral.org.uk; Cathedral Green; h7am-6.30pm Sun, 9am-6.30pm Mon-Sat) Set in a hollow on the west bank of the River Taff, Llandaff Cathedral is built on the site of a 6th-century monastery. Derelict by the 18th century, it was largely rebuilt in the 19th century and extensively restored after being damaged by a German bomb in 1941. Regular buses run along Cathedral Rd from Cardiff to Llandaff, 2 miles from the city centre. The present cathedral was begun in 1120, but it crumbled throughout the Middle Ages, and during the Reformation and Civil War it was used as an alehouse and then an animal shelter. The towers at the western end epitomise the cathedral's fragmented history – one was built in the 15th century, the other in the 19th. Inside, a giant arch supports sculptor Sir Jacob Epstein's huge aluminium work Majestas, its modern style a bold contrast in this gracious vaulted space. #### Cardiff Bay Lined with important national institutions, Cardiff Bay is where the modern Welsh nation is put on display in an architect's playground of interesting buildings, large open spaces and public art. The bay's main commercial centre is Mermaid Quay, which is packed with bars, restaurants and shops. It wasn't always this way. By 1913 more than 13 million tonnes of coal were being shipped from Cardiff docks. Following the post-WWII slump the docklands deteriorated into a wasteland of empty basins, cut off from the city by the railway embankment. The bay outside the docks, which has one of the highest tidal ranges in the world (more than 12m between high and low water), was ringed for up to 14 hours a day by smelly, sewage-contaminated mudflats. The nearby residential area of Butetown became a neglected slum. Since 1987 the area has been radically redeveloped. The turning point came with the completion of a state-of-the-art tidal barrage in 1999. Cardiff Bay 1Top Sights 1Wales Millennium CentreC2 1Sights 2Butetown History & Arts CentreB2 3Doctor Who ExperienceD5 4PierheadC3 5SeneddD3 6TechniquestA4 4Sleeping 7St David's Hotel & SpaB5 5Eating 8FfreshC3 7Shopping 9Craft in the BayC2 Doctor Who ExperienceEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 801 2279; www.doctorwhoexperience.com; Porth Teigr; adult/child £15/11; h10am-5pm (last admission 3.30pm) Wed-Mon, daily school holidays) The huge success of the reinvented classic TV series _Doctor Who,_ produced by BBC Wales, has brought Cardiff to the attention of sci-fi fans worldwide. City locations have featured in many episodes; and the first two series of the spin-off _Torchwood_ were also set in Cardiff Bay. Capitalising on Timelord tourism, this interactive exhibition is located right next to the BBC studios where the series is filmed – look out for the Tardis hovering outside. Visitors find themselves sucked through a crack in time and thrown into the role of the Doctor's companion. It's great fun – especially when you come face to face with full-size Daleks in full 'ex-ter-min-ate' mode. But don't blink – there are weeping angels about. The 'experience' only takes about 20 minutes but afterwards you're transported into a large two-level warehouse, where you can wander at your leisure around the displays of sets, costumes and props spanning the show's 50-year run. oWales Millennium CentreARTS CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2063 6464; www.wmc.org.uk; Bute Pl; tours £6; htours 11am & 2.30pm) F The centrepiece and symbol of Cardiff Bay's regeneration is the superb Wales Millennium Centre, an architectural masterpiece of stacked Welsh slate in shades of purple, green and grey topped with an overarching bronzed steel shell. Designed by Welsh architect Jonathan Adams, it opened in 2004 as Wales' premier arts complex, housing major cultural organisations such as the Welsh National Opera, National Dance Company, National Orchestra, Literature Wales, HiJinx Theatre and Ty Cerdd (Music Centre of Wales). The roof above the main entrance is pierced by 2m-high letter-shaped windows, spectacularly backlit at night, which spell out phrases from poet Gwyneth Lewis: ' _Creu Gwir fel Gwydr o Ffwrnais Awen_ ' (Creating truth like glass from inspiration's furnace) and 'In these stones horizons sing'. You can wander through the large public lobby at will. Guided tours lead visitors behind the giant letters, onto the main stage and into the dressing rooms, depending on what shows are on. SeneddNOTABLE BUILDING (National Assembly Building; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 010 5500; www.assemblywales.org; h10.30am-4.30pm) F Designed by Lord Richard Rogers (the architect behind London's Lloyd's Building and Millennium Dome and Paris' Pompidou Centre), the Senedd is a striking structure of concrete, slate, glass and steel, with an undulating canopy roof lined with red cedar. It has won awards for its environmentally friendly design, which includes a huge rotating cowl on the roof for power-free ventilation and a gutter system that collects rainwater for flushing the toilets. When they're not on recess, the National Assembly for Wales meets in a plenary session from 1.30pm on Tuesday and Wednesday. Seats in the public gallery may be prebooked, although there's usually space if you turn up on the day. Free tours take place at 11am, 2pm and 3pm, except for sitting days when only the 11am tour is held. PierheadMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pierhead.org; h10.30am-4.30pm) F One of the waterfront's few Victorian remnants, Pierhead is a red-brick and glazed-terracotta French Gothic confection, built in 1897 with Bute family money in order to impress the maritime traffic. Its ornate clocktower earned it the nickname 'Wales' Big Ben'. Inside there's an interesting little display on the history of the bay (including a short film and a slideshow), some important historical documents and a gallery. Butetown History & Arts CentreGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bhac.org; Bute St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun) F This centre is devoted to preserving oral histories, documents and images of the multiethnic neighbourhood that was best known as Tiger Bay. Displays range from old photographs to contemporary art. #### St Fagans St Fagans National History MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2057 3500; www.museumwales.ac.uk; carpark £3.50; h10am-5pm) F Five miles west of central Cardiff, the little village of St Fagans is the semirural setting for the St Fagans National History Museum. More than 40 historic buildings from all over the country have been re-erected here, including thatched farmhouses, barns, a watermill, a school, an 18th-century Unitarian chapel and shops stocked with period-appropriate goods. Buses 32A, 320 and 322 (£1.80, 23 minutes) head here from Cardiff's Central bus station. By car, it's reached from the continuation of Cathedral Rd. You'll need half a day to do the whole complex justice and you could easily spend longer, picnicking in the grounds. It's a great place for kids, with special events in summer, tractor-and-trailer rides (£1) and an old-time funfair. Craftspeople work in many of the buildings, showing how blankets, clogs, barrels, tools and cider were once made. In winter, fires are stoked by people in period clothes. Highlights include a 16th-century farmhouse imbued with the smell of old timber, beeswax and wood smoke, and a row of six miners' cottages from Merthyr Tydfil, each one restored and furnished to represent different periods in the town's history, from the austere minimalism of 1805 to all the mod cons of 1985. It took 20 years to move St Teilo's church here (built 1150 to 1530), stone by stone. It's been restored to its original look, before Protestant whitewash covered the vividly painted interior. **St Fagans Castle** is no johnny-come-lately to this site; it was built by the Normans in 1091 as a motte-and-bailey castle before being rebuilt in stone. The manor house at its heart was grafted on in 1580 and is recognised as one of the finest Elizabethan houses in Wales. The property was donated by the earl of Plymouth in 1948, along with its extensive formal gardens, which form the basis of the museum. The museum is in the midst of a multi-million-pound redevelopment, which isn't due to be completed until 2018. Until that time the reproduction Celtic village and indoor galleries are likely to remain closed. TTours Cardiff History & HauntingsWALKING TOUR ( %07538 878609; www.cardiffhistory.co.uk) Runs a selection of guided history walks, the most acclaimed of which is the Llandaff Ghost Walk, a two-hour torch-lit stroll through the ruins, lanes and graveyards of old Llandaff (£8.50). Cardiff On FootWALKING TOUR ( %0790 5923421; www.cardiffwalkingtours.com; from £6) Offers guided strolls around the city centre, Cardiff Bay and Penarth. Where When WalesBUS TOUR ( %07773 786228; www.wherewhenwales.com; adult/child from £45/25) Operates a range of one-day itineraries: South Wales Valleys, Wye Valley, the Gower, Wales Borders, West Wales, Mid-Wales. Overnight tours can be customised. See WalesBUS TOUR ( %029-2022 7227; www.seewales.com; adult/child £45/25) Themed day tours include Mines & Mountains, Romans & Ruins and Golden Gower. City SightseeingBUS TOUR ( %07808 713928; www.city-sightseeing.com; adult/child £12/7) Open-top double-decker tours, departing every 30 to 60 minutes from outside Cardiff Castle and making a short circuit of the city. Tickets last 24 hours, and you can hop on and off at any of the stops. Cardiff Cycle ToursCYCLING TOURS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07500 564389; www.cardiffcycletours.com; NosDa, 53-59 Despenser St; per person £20) Three-hour guided rides around Cardiff Bay (Docks & Doctor) or the city centre (Parks & Canals). zFestivals & Events Cardiff FestivalSUMMER FESTIVAL (www.cardiff-festival.com; hJun-Aug) Acts as an umbrella for most of Cardiff's regular summertime festivals, including the Welsh Proms (two weeks of classical concerts at St David's Hall), Cardiff International Food & Drink Festival, Grand Medieval Melee, Pride Cymru, Classic Car & Boat Rally, Everyman Summer Theatre Festival, and lots of crazy one-offs. Cardiff Winter WonderlandWINTER FESTIVAL (www.cardiffswinterwonderland.com; hlate Nov-early Jan) Festivities include an outdoor ice-skating rink, Christmas lights, Santa's grotto and family-friendly activities. ### MUSICAL CYMRU With such a small population and a culture that's been overshadowed by England for centuries, it's something of a surprise that Wales (Cymru in Welsh) has produced plenty of musical maestros who have hit the big time. Everyone knows perma-tanned warbler Tom Jones, who, together with the likes of Shirley Bassey, has kept Welsh pop on the map since the 1960s. Along with Lou Reed, valleys-born John Cale was responsible for the experimental edge that made the Velvet Underground one of the most influential bands of all time. He's gone on to become a respected solo performer and producer. Since then major names have included The Alarm, Manic Street Preachers, Catatonia, Stereophonics, Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, Charlotte Church, Jem, Christopher Rees, Bullet For My Valentine, Kate Le Bon and Duffy. The genre-defying Super Furry Animals produced the biggest-selling Welsh-language album of all time, the dreamy _Mwng_. The Welsh wave shows no signs of breaking anytime soon, with bands such as Marina & the Diamonds, Kids In Glass Houses and Future of the Left flying the red dragon flag. 4Sleeping #### Central Cardiff oRiver House BackpackersHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2039 9810; www.riverhousebackpackers.com; 59 Fitzhamon Embankment; dm/r incl breakfast from £18/42; i W) Professionally run by a young brother-and-sister team, the River House has a well-equipped kitchen, small garden and cosy TV lounge. The private rooms are basically small dorm rooms and share the same bathrooms. A free breakfast of cereal and toast is provided. Premier Inn Cardiff City CentreHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2034 9910; www.premierinn.com; 10 Churchill Way; r from £39; W) The Cardiff branch of Britain's biggest chain has 200 beds in a squat mirror-clad former office tower, right in the city centre. It's not flash, but it's comfortable, clean and terrific value – although you'll need to book early and pay in advance to secure the cheapest rates. Request a higher floor for a quieter room. NosDaHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2037 8866; www.nosda.co.uk; 53-59 Despenser St; dm from £21, s/d from £42/60, without bathroom £32/48, incl breakfast; p i W) Directly across the river from the Millennium Stadium, NosDa ('goodnight' in Welsh) has brightly painted rooms above a grungy bar. Free basic breakfasts and parking make this an appealing budget option. Park PlazaHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2011 1111; www.parkplazacardiff.com; Greyfriars Rd; r from £86; W s) Luxurious without being remotely stuffy, the Plaza has all the five-star facilities you'd expect from an upmarket business-oriented hotel. The snug reception sets the scene, with a gas fire blazing along one wall and comfy wingback chairs. The rear rooms have leafy views over the Civic Centre. #### Cardiff Bay St David's Hotel & SpaHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2045 4045; www.thestdavidshotel.com; Havannah St; r from £119; i W s) A glittering, glassy tower topped with a sail-like flourish, St David's is already starting to look a little dated. The rooms have been recently renovated and almost all of them have a small private balcony with a bay view. Facilities include a restaurant, bar and day spa. #### Pontcanna Lincoln HouseHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2039 5558; www.lincolnhotel.co.uk; 118 Cathedral Rd; r from £90; p W) Walking a middle line between a large B&B and a small hotel, Lincoln House is a generously proportioned Victorian property with a separate bar, and heraldic emblems in the stained-glass windows of its sitting room. For added romance, book a room with a four-poster bed. Number 62GUESTHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07974 571348; www.number62.com; 62 Cathedral Rd; s/d from £49/65; i W) The only thing stopping us calling Number 62 a B&B is that breakfast isn't offered. In all other respects it's very similar to the other converted town houses on this strip, although it does have one of the most lovingly tended front gardens. The cosy rooms are simply decorated in demure colours. Town HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2023 9399; www.thetownhousecardiff.co.uk; 70 Cathedral Rd; s/d £53/73; p W) Succinctly named, this elegant Victorian town house on the Cathedral Rd strip has welcoming owners and a relaxed vibe. It retains lots of period features, including original fireplaces, stained-glass windows and a tiled hallway with busy wallpaper. The rooms are more restrained. Saco HouseAPARTMENT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 122 0405; www.sacoapartments.co.uk; 74-76 Cathedral Rd; apt from £138; W) This large town house has been given a contemporary makeover and converted into serviced apartments, complete with comfortable lounges and fitted kitchens. They're set up for longer visits but one-day stays are possible mid-week. The two-bedroom apartments are good value for families with kids; there's an extra sofa bed in the lounge. #### Grangetown Tŷ RosaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 643 9962; www.tyrosa.com; 118 Clive St; s/d from £50/69, without bathroom £40/50; W) Half an hour's walk from either the bay or Central Cardiff (follow the river south, turn right on to Penarth Rd and then left after 650m), this gay-friendly B&B is noted for its sumptuous breakfasts and affable hosts. The thoughtfully equipped rooms are split between the main house and an annexe across the road. Some rooms share bathrooms. ### CARDIFF FOR CHILDREN Compact and easy to navigate, Cardiff is welcoming to families. Interactive Techniquest ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.techniquest.org; Stuart St; adult/child £7/5; h9.30am-4.30pm Tue-Sun, daily school holidays) is the main attraction for challenging junior brains, while the National Museum Cardiff is full of weird and wonderful animals and other fascinating exhibits. For a day trip, try the living history of St Fagans, Caerphilly Castle or Castell Coch. 5Eating #### Central Cardiff oCoffee BarkerCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle Arcade; mains £4-7; h8.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4.30pm Sun; W c) Slink into an armchair, sip on a silky coffee and snack on salmon scrambled eggs or a sandwich in what is Cardiff's coolest cafe. There are plenty of magazines and toys to keep everyone amused. Riverside MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.riversidemarket.org.uk; Fitzhamon Embankment; h10am-2pm Sun; v) What it lacks in size, Riverside Market makes up for in sheer yumminess, its stalls heaving with cooked meals, cakes, cheese, organic meat, charcuterie, bread, apple juice and real ale. There are lots of options for vegetarians, and the Welsh cakes, hot off the griddle, are exceptional. Goat MajorPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sabrain.com/goatmajor; 33 High St; pies £7.50; hkitchen noon-6pm Mon-Sat, to 4pm Sun; W) A solidly traditional wood-lined pub with a fireplace and Brains craft beers, the Goat Major's gastronomic contribution takes the form of a selection of homemade pot pies served with chips. Try the Wye Valley pie, a mixture of chicken, leek, asparagus and Tintern Abbey cheese. Cafe CittáITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2022 4040; 4 Church St; mains £9-12; hnoon-9pm Tue-Sat; v) Once you're lured through the door by the delicious scents wafting out of the wood-fired oven, you won't want to escape this little slice of _la dolce vita_. The authentic linguine puttanesca is proof that some traditions shouldn't be messed with. There are only a handful of tables, so book ahead. Park HouseMODERN BRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2022 4343; www.parkhouserestaurant.co.uk; 20 Park Pl; mains £26, 2-/3-course lunch £16/21; h11am-10pm Wed-Sat, to 6pm Sun) The ambience is rather stuffy, but the menu at this private members' club is anything but conservative, adding subtle Indian and Southeast Asian touches to classic European dishes. Dress up and push the buzzer for admittance. #### Cardiff Bay FfreshMODERN WELSH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2063 6465; www.ffresh.org.uk; Wales Millennium Centre; mains £14-18; hnoon-9.30pm Mon-Sat, to 5pm Sun) S Overlooking the Senedd from the glassed-in end of the Millennium Centre, Ffresh has the Welshiest of settings and a menu to match. Local, seasonal produce features heavily in a creative menu that includes some traditional favourites, such as Welsh lamb and Perl Wen cheese. #### Pontcanna oPurple PoppadomINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2022 0026; www.purplepoppadom.com; 185A Cowbridge Rd East; mains £8-18; h5.30-11pm Tue-Fri, noon-2.30pm & 5.30-11pm Sat, 1-9pm Sun; v) Trailblazing a path for 'nouvelle Indian' cuisine, Anand George's kitchen offers its own unique take on regional dishes from all over the subcontinent – from Kashmir to Kerala. Meals are thoughtfully constructed and artfully presented. ConwayGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2022 4373; www.knifeandforkfood.co.uk; 58 Conway Rd; mains £10-15; hnoon-11pm; c) With a sun-trap front terrace and a pleasantly laid-back vibe, this wonderful corner pub chalks up its delicious 'seasonal, fresh and local' offerings daily. Kids get their own menu, while the grown-ups can ponder the large selection of wines served by the glass. BravaCAFE, BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bravacardiff.co.uk; 71 Pontcanna St; brunch £6-9, dinner £9-15; h9am-4pm Sun & Mon, 8am-10pm Tue-Sat) With local art on the walls and an informal vibe, this cool cafe is a favourite brunch spot on the strength of its eggs Benedict, silky coffee and attentive service. Tables spill out onto the pavement in summer and in the evening it morphs into a licensed bistro. _Brava_ , indeed. Bully'sFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2022 1905; www.bullysrestaurant.co.uk; 5 Romilly Cres; mains £19-23, 1-/2-/3-course lunch £10/14/18; hnoon-2pm & 6.30-9pm Mon-Sat, noon-3.30pm Sun) An assortment of odd things (bank notes, receipts from famous restaurants etc) cover the walls of this cosy neighbourhood bistro, giving little indication of the high quality French-style dishes served here. The set lunch menus are great value, including a free glass of house wine. #### Cathays Mint & MustardINDIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2062 0333; www.mintandmustard.com; 134 Whitchurch Rd; mains £8-16, lunch thali £10; hnoon-2pm & 6-11pm; v) A rewarding short detour to student hub Cathays, north of the city centre, will bring you to this upmarket Indian eatery, specialising in seafood dishes from Kerala. If you're not enticed by the lobster, crab, prawn and fish dishes, there are plenty of vegetarian options and an excellent crusted lamb biryani. 6Drinking & Nightlife Cardiff is a prodigiously boozy city. Friday and Saturday nights see the city centre invaded by hordes of generally good-humoured, beered-up lads and ladettes tottering from bar to club to kebab shop, whatever the weather (someone fetch that young woman a coat!). It's not as tacky as it sounds: a lively alternative scene, some swish bars and a swath of old-fashioned pubs keep things interesting. Try the local Brains SA (meaning Special Ale, Same Again or Skull Attack, depending on how many you've had), brewed by the same family concern since 1882. oGwdihŵBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.gwdihw.co.uk; 6 Guildford Cres; h3pm-midnight Sun-Wed, noon-2am Thu-Sat) The last word in Cardiff hipsterdom, this cute little bar has an eclectic line-up of entertainment (comedy nights, markets and lots of live music, including microfestivals that spill over into the car park) but it's a completely charming place to stop for a drink at any time. Buffalo BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.buffalocardiff.co.uk; 11 Windsor Pl; hnoon-3am) A haven for cool kids about town, the laid-back Buffalo features retro furniture, tasty food, life-affirming cocktails and alternative tunes. There's a small beer garden at the rear, while upstairs a roster of cutting-edge indie bands takes to the stage. Full MoonBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thefullmooncardiff.com; 1/3 Womanby St; h5pm-late) There are no pretences at this friendly, grungy rock bar, directly opposite well-known live-music venue Clwb Ifor Bach. Sample from the large selection of rum, whisky and vodka, or try the 'jar of green shit' if you dare. Upstairs, the Moon Club thrums to live bands. City ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thecityarmscardiff.com; 10-12 Quay St; h11am-11pm Mon-Wed, to 2am Thu-Sun; W) What's affectionately known in these parts as an 'old man's pub' – despite it attracting just as many young people – the City Arms is an unpretentious, old-fashioned kind of place, its walls lined with rugby memorabilia and beer labels. It gets packed out on rugby weekends, but on weekday afternoons it's a quiet place for a pint. Pen & WigPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.penandwigcardiff.co.uk; 1 Park Grove; h11am-midnight) Latin legal phrases are printed on the walls of this solidly traditional pub, but there's nothing stuffy about the large beer garden or the entertainment roster (open mic Mondays, quiz Tuesdays, 'Gig @ the Wig' Saturdays). _Caveat emptor:_ the impressive range of ales may induce _mens rea_ (guilty mind) the morning after. Porter'sBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.porterscardiff.com; Bute Tce; h4pm-12.30am Sun-Thu, to 3am Fri, noon-3am Sat) There's something on most nights at this friendly attitude-free bar, whether it's live music, a quiz or a movie screening (there's a little cinema attached). 10 Feet TallBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.10feettallcardiff.com; 12 Church St; hnoon-3am) This three-storey venue merges a cafe, a cocktail and tapas bar, and a live-music venue. Handsome bartenders swish together two-for-one cocktails between 5pm and 10pm, and all day Sundays. Pica PicaBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.picapicacardiff.com; 15-23 Westgate St; hnoon-midnight Wed-Sat; W) Housed in a series of low-ceilinged brick vaults, this cool bar serves tapas, mezze and two-for-one cocktails before 7.30pm. ### GAY & LESBIAN CARDIFF Cardiff's small gay and lesbian scene is focused on a cluster of venues on Churchill Way and Charles St. For listings, check www.gaycardiff.co.uk. The big annual event is Pride Cymru (www.cardiffmardigras.co.uk; hlate Aug/early Sep), held as part of the Cardiff Festival. EagleGAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eaglecardiff.com; 39 Charles St; h5pm-3am Sun-Thu, to 5am Fri & Sat) A bastion for blokiness, the Eagle has a gay-men-only policy after 9pm on the weekends, enabled by a membership system (£3 annually). There's no DJ, drag or back room, just a friendly little basement bar open until the wee small hours, with a smoking deck at the rear. Golden CrossGAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sabrain.com/golden-cross; 282 Hayes Bridge Rd; hnoon-11pm Mon & Tue, to 2am Wed-Sun; W) One of the oldest pubs in the city and a long-standing gay venue, this Victorian bar retains its handsome stained glass, polished wood and ceramic tiles. It hosts drag, cabaret, quiz and karaoke nights, and there's a little dance floor. 3Entertainment Pick up a copy of _Buzz_ (www.buzzmag.co.uk), a free monthly magazine with up-to-date entertainment listings, available from the tourist office and venues. Most of the large arts companies are based at the Wales Millennium Centre. St David's HallCLASSICAL MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2087 8444; www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk; The Hayes) The National Concert Hall of Wales hosts the Welsh Proms in July and a full roster of classical music performances. oClwb Ifor BachLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2023 2199; www.clwb.net; 11 Womanby St) Truly an independent music great, Y Clwb has broken many a Welsh band since the early 1980s. It started as a venue for Welsh-language music in Anglophone Cardiff and has built a reputation as the city's most eclectic and important venue. It's the best place to catch gigs by up-and-coming new acts as well as by more established artists. ChapterTHEATRE, CINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2030 4400; www.chapter.org; Market Rd, Canton) The city's edgiest arts venue, Chapter has a varied rota of contemporary drama, art exhibitions, art-house cinema, workshops, alternative theatre and dance performances. Sherman CymruTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2064 6900; www.shermancymru.co.uk; Senghennydd Rd, Cathays) South Wales' leading theatre company, Sherman stages a wide range of material, from classics and children's theatre to works by new playwrights. New TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2087 8889; www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk; Park Pl) A restored Edwardian playhouse, New Theatre hosts touring productions, including musicals, ballet and pantomime. 7Shopping If you thought Cardiff's 21st-century makeover was all about political edifices, arts centres and sports stadia, think again. One of the most dramatic developments in the central city is the transformation of the Hayes shopping strip, with the giant, glitzy extension of the St David's shopping centre now eating up its entire eastern flank. Balancing this modern mall is a historic network of Victorian and Edwardian shopping arcades, which spread their dainty tentacles either side of St Mary St. oSt David'sMALL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stdavidscardiff.com; The Hayes; h9.30am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun; W) Immense is the best way to describe this shiny shopping centre. All the high-street chains you could name have a home here, along with a smorgasbord of eateries, a cinema multiplex and a large branch of the John Lewis department store dominating its southern end. Cardiff MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cardiff-market.co.uk; btwn St Mary & Trinity Sts; h8am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) For an age-old shopping experience, head to this Victorian covered market, which is packed with stalls selling everything from fresh fish to mobile phone covers. Stock up here for a picnic in Bute Park. Craft in the BayARTS & CRAFTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.makersguildinwales.org.uk; Lloyd George Ave; h10.30am-5.30pm) This retail showcase for the Welsh Makers Guild cooperative sells work by its members, including a wide range of ceramics, textiles, woodwork, jewellery, glassware and ironwork. Castle Welsh CraftsSOUVENIRS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.castlewelshcrafts.co.uk; 1 Castle St; h9am-5.30pm) If you're after stuffed dragons, lovespoons or Cardiff T-shirts, this is the city's biggest souvenir shop, conveniently located across the street from the castle. Spillers RecordsMUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.spillersrecords.co.uk; Morgan Arcade; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) The world's oldest record shop, founded in 1894 (when it sold wax phonograph cylinders), Spillers stocks a large range of CDs and vinyl; prides itself on catering to the nonmainstream end of the market (it's especially good for punk music); and promotes local talent through in-store gigs. Morgan QuarterSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.morganquarter.com; btwn St Mary St & The Hayes) Cardiff's oldest arcade (1858), the Royal connects up with the Morgan Arcade via a series of covered lanes, forming this ritzy shopping precinct. Look out for Spillers Records, the excellent Wally's Delicatessen and Liam Gallagher's pricey menswear boutique, Pretty Green. High St ArcadeSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cardiffhighstreetarcade.co.uk; btwn High & St John Sts) Stop into the NY Deli for a burger or sandwich, then head on to Hobo's for vintage clothing, or to Catapult for dance music. Castle ArcadeSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cardiffcastlearcade.co.uk; btwn Castle & High Sts) The most decorative of the city's arcades houses Troutmark Books (secondhand and Welsh-language titles), Claire Grove Buttons (beads and buttons of every description), Madame Fromage and Coffee Barker. Wyndham ArcadeSHOPPING ARCADE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; btwn St Mary St & Mill Lane) This historic arcade houses the gloriously old-fashioned Bear Shop, a specialist tobacconist featuring a prominently displayed 200-year-old piece of taxidermy called Bruno. 8Information Cardiff Bay Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2087 7927; www.visitcardiffbay.info; Wales Millennium Centre; h10am-6pm, extended on show nights) Cardiff Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2087 3573; www.visitcardiff.com; Old Library, The Hayes; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; i) Internet access costs £1 per 30 minutes. University Hospital of WalesHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2074 7747; www.cardiffandvaleuhb.wales.nhs.uk; Heath Park) Cardiff's main accident and emergency department, located 2 miles north of the Civic Centre. 8Getting There & Away Air Cardiff Airport ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01446-711111; www.cardiff-airport.com) is mainly used by budget operators. Aside from summer-only services and charters, a number of airlines fly into Cardiff and serve international and national destinations. Aer LingusAIRLINE (www.aerlingus.com) Flies to Dublin. CityJetAIRLINE (www.cityjet.com) Services to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Jersey and Paris Orly. CitywingAIRLINE (www.citywing.com) Flights to Anglesey. Eastern AirwaysAIRLINE (www.easternairways.com) Sevices to Aberdeen and Newcastle. FlybeAIRLINE (www.flybe.com) Flights to Belfast and Jersey. KLMAIRLINE (www.klm.com) Services to Amsterdam. ThomsonAIRLINE (www.thomson.co.uk) Flights to Málaga, Alicante, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Lanzarote, Paphos and Sharm el-Sheikh. Bus Cardiff's Central bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Wood St) is next to the train station. Bus destinations include Swansea (route 100/701; £3, one hour), Aberystwyth (701; four hours), Abergavenny (X4; £9.10, 2¼ hours), Hereford (X4; 3¼ hours) and Bristol (100; £11, 1½ hours). National Express (www.nationalexpress.com) coach destinations include London (£19, 3½ hours), Bristol (£6, 1¼ hours), Birmingham, (£27, 2¾ hours), Manchester (£37, six hours) and Leeds (£51, 6¾ hours). Greyhound (www.greyhounduk.com) coaches head to/from Swansea (£3.30, one hour), Newport (£3.30, 35 minutes) and Bristol Airport (£11, 1¾ hours). Car Cardiff is easily reached from the M4 (which runs from London to northwest of Swansea). All major rental car companies have branches in the capital. Train Trains from major British cities arrive at Cardiff Central station, on the southern edge of the city centre. Direct services from Cardiff: A **Abergavenny** £13, 45 minutes A **Birmingham** £26, two hours A **Bristol** £13, 35 minutes A **Cheltenham** £18, 1½ hours A **London Paddington** £39, 2¼ hours 8Getting Around To/From the Airport Cardiff Airport is 12 miles southwest of Cardiff, past Barry. Cardiff Airport Express bus (£5, 38 minutes, every 20 minutes) heads between the airport and Central bus station. The 905 shuttle bus (£1, seven minutes) links the airport terminal to nearby Rhoose Cardiff Airport train station. Trains to Cardiff Central station (£4.20, 30 minutes) run hourly from Monday to Saturday and two-hourly on Sundays. A taxi from the airport to the city centre takes 20 to 30 minutes, depending on traffic, and costs £31. Public Transport Local buses are operated by Cardiff Bus ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2066 6444; www.cardiffbus.com; single trip/day pass £1.70/3.40); buy your ticket from the driver (no change given). Free route maps and timetables are available from its Wood St office. Generally buses are more convenient for short trips than trains, although there are a handful of stations scattered around the city. Two boats run alternating water-bus services along the River Taff from Bute Park to Mermaid Quay, departing every half-hour from 10.30am to 5pm. The journey takes about 25 minutes and costs £3 each way. Taxi Reliable companies include Capital Cabs ( %029-2077 7777; www.capitalcabs.co.uk) and Dragon Taxis ( %029-2033 3333; www.dragontaxis.com). Checker Cars ( %01446 711747; www.checkercars.com) operates the cabs leaving from the airport. ## Around Cardiff If you're based in Cardiff, there's a diverting selection of day trips to choose between. ### Penarth Pop 27,300 Well-heeled Penarth is slowly transforming from an old-fashioned seaside resort to a virtual suburb of Cardiff, despite it being in the neighbouring county, the Vale of Glamorgan. It's connected to Cardiff Bay by the freshwater lake formed by the construction of the barrage and it now sports a busy marina on the lakefront. 1Sights Penarth Pier PavilionARTS CENTRE (www.penarthpavilion.co.uk; Penarth Pier; h10am-5pm Sun-Wed, to 8pm Thu-Sat Apr-Oct, 10am-5pm daily Nov-Mar) Penarth's rock-strewn shoreline may not be particularly attractive but it is the closest beach to Cardiff. In 1894 it was graced with that stereotype of the Victorian seaside, a pier. This elegant art deco pavilion followed in 1927, and has been recently restored, complete with a brand-new gallery, cinema and cafe. Alexandra GardensPARK This pretty Edwardian-era park slopes from Penarth's bustling town centre down to the esplanade. Its formal gardens are filled with topiary and colourful flowerbeds. FfotogalleryGALLERY ( %029-2034 1667; www.ffotogallery.org; Plymouth Rd; h11am-5pm Tue-Sat) F Also known as the Turner House Gallery, this red-brick building near the train station hosts edgy photographic, video and multimedia exhibitions. It's at its busiest during the month-long Diffusion international photography festival in May. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Cardiff (route 89/92–95; £1.80, 28 minutes) and Barry (88/93/94; £2.50, 30 minutes) and there are frequent trains (£2.60, 12 minutes). It's possible to walk or cycle along the barrage from Cardiff Bay to Penarth Marina (allow 40 minutes on foot). From here it's a steep but short walk up to the town centre and down again to the pier. ### Barry (Y Barri) Pop 54,700 Nowhere have the recent triumphs of the BBC Wales television department been more keenly felt than in Barry, a seaside town 8 miles southwest of Cardiff. If you watch _Doctor Who_ or _Being Human,_ you'll no doubt be aware that the town is infested with aliens, zombies, ghosts, werewolves and vampires. Yet it's the massive popularity of the altogether more down-to-earth comedy _Gavin & Stacey_ that has given the town a new cache. The staff at Island Leisure (on the Promenade) are used to fans of the show making a pilgrimage to the booth where Nessa (played in the show by co-writer Ruth Jones) worked. Other sites include nearby Marco's Cafe, where Stacey worked, and Trinity St, where Stacey's mum and Uncle Bryn lived. The real attraction here is **Barry Island** , which is well signposted at the south end of the town. It stopped being a real island in the 1880s when it was joined to the mainland by a causeway. Amusement arcades and fun parks line the waterfront at sandy Whitmore Bay, which is easily the best beach this side of the Gower. It's also worth stopping at **Porthkerry Country Park** , where an impressive Victorian railway viaduct passes over a lovely wooded valley leading down to a stony beach. There are plenty of trails to explore, a popular playground and the potential to spot buzzards, adders and foxes. It's well signposted from the road to Barry Island. 8Getting There & Away Frequent trains head to the Barry and Barry Island train stations from Cardiff (£3.20, 24 minutes). Cardiff Bus services head to/from Penarth (route 88/93/94; £2.50, 30 minutes) and Cardiff (93–96/304; £2.50, one hour). ### Castell Coch Castell CochCASTLE (Cadw; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %029-2081 0101; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/4.10; h10am-4pm) Cardiff Castle's little brother is perched atop a thickly wooded crag on the northern fringes of the city. Fanciful Castell Coch (Red Castle) was the summer retreat of the third marquess of Bute and, like Cardiff Castle, was designed by William Burges in gaudy Victorian medieval style. Stagecoach buses 26 and 132 (£2.30, 27 minutes) stop at Tongwynlais, a 10-minute walk from the castle. Bus 26 continues to Caerphilly Castle, and the two can be combined in a day trip. Raised on the ruins of Gilbert de Clare's 13th-century Castell Coch, the Butes' Disneyesque holiday home is a monument to high camp. Lady Bute's huge, circular bedroom is pure fantasy: her bed, with crystal globes on the bedposts, sits beneath an extravagantly decorated and mirrored cupola, with painted panels around the walls depicting monkeys (fashionable at the time, apparently; just plain weird now). The corbels are carved with images of birds nesting or feeding their young, and the wash basin is framed between two castle towers. Lord Bute's bedroom is small and plain by comparison, but the octagonal drawing room is another hallucinogenic tour de force. Its walls are painted with scenes from Aesop's _Fables_ , while the domed ceiling is a flurry of birds and stars. The tower to the right of the entrance has exhibits explaining the castle's history. ### Caerphilly (Caerffili) Pop 32,700 The town of Caerphilly, with its fairy-tale castle, guards the entrance to the Rhymney Valley to the north of Cardiff. Its name is synonymous with a popular variety of mild, slightly crumbly, hard white cheese that originated in the surrounding area. ### THE BIG CHEESE Any festival that includes a Cheese Olympics and a Tommy Cooper Tent has got to be worth a look. On the last weekend of July, Caerphilly welcomes more than 70,000 people to the Big Cheese (www.caerphilly.gov.uk/bigcheese; admission free), three days of family-oriented fun and games that offer everything from fireworks to falconry, comedy acts to cheese tasting, plus medieval battle re-enactments, food and craft stalls, archery demonstrations, live music and a traditional funfair. The Cheese Olympics are held on Friday evening, with events including cheese throwing, rolling and stacking. The Tommy Cooper Tent – named after the much-loved British comedian, who was born in Caerphilly and died in 1984 – stages comedy acts, including a Tommy Cooper tribute act. A statue of Cooper, in his trademark fez and with a rabbit at his feet, overlooks the castle near the tourist office. 1Sights oCaerphilly CastleCASTLE (Cadw; %029-2088 3143; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/4.10; h9.30am-5pm) You could be forgiven for thinking that Caerphilly Castle – with its profusion of towers and crenellations reflected in a duck-filled lake – was a film set rather than an ancient monument. While it is often used as a film set, it is also one of Britain's finest examples of a 13th-century fortress with water defences. Most of the construction was completed between 1268 and 1271 by the powerful English baron Gilbert de Clare (1243–95), Lord Marcher of Glamorgan, in response to the threat of attack by Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd (and the last Welsh Prince of Wales), who had already united most of the country under his control. Edward I's subsequent campaign against the Welsh princes put an end to Llywelyn's ambitions and Caerphilly's short-lived spell on the front line came to an end. In the 13th century Caerphilly was state-of-the-art, being one of the earliest castles to use lakes, bridges and a series of concentric fortifications for defence. To reach the inner court you had to overcome no fewer than three drawbridges, six portcullises and five sets of double gates. In the early 14th century it was remodelled as a grand residence and the magnificent great hall was adapted for entertaining, but from the mid-14th century onward the castle began to fall into ruin. Much of what you see today is the result of restoration by the castle-loving Bute family. The third marquess of Bute purchased and demolished houses built up against the walls, and in 1870 the great hall was given a magnificent wooden ceiling. The fourth marquess instituted a major restoration from 1928 to 1939, giving jobs to many Great Depression–affected locals in the process. Work continued after 1950, when the fifth marquess gifted the castle to the state. In 1958 the dams were reflooded, creating its current fairy-tale appearance. You can enter through the outside gate and into the first tower before reaching the ticket office. Upstairs, there are detailed displays about the castle's history. A cartoonish film projected onto the walls of one of the inner towers tells a truncated version of the same story. On the south dam platform you can see reconstructions of medieval siege weapons; they are working models and lob stone projectiles into the lake during battle re-enactments. 8Information Caerphilly Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %029-2088 0011; www.visitcaerphilly.com; The Twyn; h10am-5.30pm) Not only is this friendly office a good place to stock up on information, it's also the only place in town selling Caerphilly cheese – along with Penderyn spirits and locally made chocolates. There's a small cafe attached. 8Getting There & Away The easiest way to reach Caerphilly from Cardiff is by train (£4.20, 19 minutes). Buses head here from Cardiff's Central bus station (route 26/A/B; £3.80, 40 minutes). ## Southeast Wales You need only contemplate the preponderance of castles to realise that the pleasantly rural county of Monmouthshire was once a wild frontier. The Norman Marcher lords kept stonemasons extremely busy, erecting mighty fortifications to keep the unruly Welsh at bay. The River Wye forms the Wales–England border before emptying into the River Severn below Chepstow. Much of it is designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB; www.wyevalleyaonb.org.uk), famous for its limestone gorges and dense broad-leaved woodland. To the west, the serried South Wales valleys were once the heart of industrial Wales. Although the coal, iron and steel industries have withered, the valleys still evoke a world of tight-knit working-class communities, male voice choirs and rows of neat terraced houses set amid a scarred, coal-blackened landscape. Today, the region is fighting back against decline by creating a tourist industry based on its industrial heritage. ### Newport (Casnewydd) Sitting at the muddy mouth of the River Usk and flanked by the detritus of heavy industry, Newport is never going to win any awards for beauty. Despite its grim appearance and gritty undercurrents, however, Wales' third-largest city does have some fascinating things to see. It's well worth a day trip, but you're unlikely to be tempted to stay over. 1Sights Tredegar HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; %01633-815880; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; house adult/child £7.20/3.60, parking £2; hpark 9am-dusk year-round, house 11am-5pm Feb-Oct; p) The seat of the Morgan family for more than 500 years, Tredegar House is a stone and red-brick 17th-century country house set amid extensive gardens. It is one of the finest examples of a Restoration mansion in Britain, the oldest parts dating to the 1670s. The National Trust took over management of the property in late 2011 and has done a great job bringing the fascinating stories of its owners to life. Tredegar House is 2 miles west of Newport city centre. The Morgans, once one of the richest families in Wales, were an interesting lot – Sir Henry was a 17th-century pirate (Captain Morgan's Rum is named after him); Lord Godfrey survived the Charge of the Light Brigade; and Viscount Evan was an occultist, a Catholic convert and a twice-married homosexual who kept a boxing kangaroo. Transporter BridgeBRIDGE (www.newport.gov.uk/transporterbridge; Usk Way; vehicle/passenger £1/50p; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Easter-Sep) The spidery towers of the 1906 Transporter Bridge rise over the river, about a mile south of the city centre. A remarkable piece of Edwardian engineering, the bridge can carry up to six cars across the river in a gondola suspended beneath the high-level track, while still allowing high-masted ships to pass beneath. It's the largest of eight such bridges remaining in the world. The day visitor rate (adult/child £2.75/1.75) includes access to the motor house and high-level walkway. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01633-656656; www.newport.gov.uk/tourism; John Frost Sq; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus Newport's bus station is on Kings Way, across from the river, but it can also be accessed from John Frost Sq. Buses head to Cardiff (route 30; £2, 40 minutes), Caerleon (27–29; £1.60, 15 minutes), Chepstow (74; £2, one hour) and Blaenavon (X24; £4.50, 51 minutes). National Express (www.nationalexpress.com) coach destinations include Swansea (£9.10, 1½ hours), Cardiff (£3.20, 30 minutes), Birmingham (£23, 2¼ hours), Bristol (£8.10, 40 minutes) and London (£23, three hours). Greyhound coaches stop at the train station en route to/from Swansea (£6.60, two hours), Cardiff (£3.30, 35 minutes) and Bristol Airport (£11, 1¾ hours). Train Newport train station is on Queensway, immediately north of the High St. Direct train destinations: A **Abergavenny** £8.50, 25 minutes A **Bristol** £11, 30 minutes A **Cardiff** £4.80, 20 minutes A **London Paddington** £39, two hours A **Shrewsbury** £37, 1¾ hours ### Caerleon Pop 8750 Hidden in plain view beneath the small, genteel town of Caerleon is one of the largest and most important Roman settlements in Britain. After the Romans invaded in AD 43, they controlled their new territory through a network of forts and military garrisons. The top tier of military organisation was the legionary fort, of which there were only three in Britain – at Eboracum (York), Deva (Chester) and Isca (Caerleon). Caerleon (meaning, 'Fort of the Legion') was the headquarters of the elite 2nd Augustan Legion for more than 200 years, from AD 75 until the end of the 3rd century. It wasn't just a military camp but a purpose-built township some 9 miles in circumference, complete with a 6000-seat amphitheatre and a state-of-the-art Roman baths complex. 1Sights National Roman Legion Museum MUSEUM (www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/roman; High St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Put your Caerleon explorations into context at this excellent museum, which paints a vivid picture of what life was like for soldiers in one of the most remote corners of the Roman Empire. It displays a host of intriguing Roman artefacts uncovered locally, from jewellery to armour, and from teeth to tombstones. Caerleon Roman Fortress BathsRUIN (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; High St; h9.30am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun Nov-Mar) F Like any good Roman town, Caerleon had a grand public bath complex. Parts of the outdoor swimming pool, _apodyterium_ (changing room) and _frigidarium_ (cold room) remain under a protective roof, and give some idea of the scale of the place. Projections of bathers splashing through shimmering water help bring it to life. Roman AmphitheatreRUIN (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; The Broadway; h9.30am-5pm) F The turf-covered terraces of the only fully excavated Roman amphitheatre in Britain can be found here; it once lay just outside the old Roman fortress walls. Take the side street opposite the National Roman Legion Museum, which leads to a park on the left. Follow the signs on the other side of the Broadway to see the foundations of the Barracks. 4Sleeping oOld RectoryB&B ( %01633-430700; www.the-oldrectory.co.uk; Christchurch Rd; r £75; p W) One mile south of Caerleon, in the village of Christchurch, the Old Rectory offers a warm welcome and three luxurious rooms with views over the Severn Estuary to England. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01633-422656; www.newport.gov.uk/tourism; 5 High St; h10am-4pm) 8Getting There & Away Regular buses head to/from Newport (routes 27–29; £1.60, 15 minutes). ### Chepstow (Cas-gwent) Pop 16,200 Chepstow is an attractive market town nestled in a great S-bend in the River Wye, with a splendid Norman castle perched dramatically on a cliff above the water. The town was first developed as a base for the Norman conquest of southeast Wales, later prospering as a port for the timber and wine trades. As river-borne commerce gave way to the railways, Chepstow's importance diminished to reflect its name, which means 'marketplace' in Old English. 1Sights oChepstow CastleCASTLE (Cadw; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Bridge St; adult/child £4.50/3.40; h10am-4pm) Magnificent Chepstow Castle perches atop a sheer limestone cliff overhanging the river, guarding the main river crossing from England into South Wales. It is one of the oldest castles in Britain (building began in 1067) and it's remarkably well preserved. Chepstow MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Bridge St; h11am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Housed in an 18th-century town house across the road from the castle, this small, child-friendly museum covers Chepstow's industrial and social history. 5Eating Lime TreeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/limetreecafebar; 24 St Mary St; mains £4-11; h8.30am-11pm; W v) This appealing eatery handles the transition from cosy daytime cafe into trendy gastro bar seamlessly. The vastly varied menu stretches from breakfast into sandwiches, burgers and all the traditional tapas favourites. Grab a newspaper and settle into one of the nooks. Riverside Wine BarTAPAS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01291-628300; www.theriversidewinebar.co.uk; 18a The Back; mains €7-11; h10.30am-11pm, reduced hours in winter) Sink into a leather couch and quaff on wine while grazing through antipasto and cheese platters, skewers, burgers, pizza and tapas. Heavy gilt-framed mirrors and feature wallpaper set the tone, while in summer the action spills outside. Mythos!GREEK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01291-627222; www.facebook.com/MythosMezeBar; Welsh St; mains £9-18; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat, 5pm-midnight Sun) Exposed beams, stone walls and dramatic lighting make this lively Greek bar and restaurant memorable, but it's the authentic, delicious food that justifies that exclamation mark in the name: tzatziki, grilled haloumi, moussaka – served as mezze or main-sized portions. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01291-623772; www.chepstowtowncrier.org.uk; Castle car park, Bridge St; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 3.30pm Nov-Mar) Ask about local walking trails, such as the Tintern & Return path. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Newport (route 74; £2, one hour), Tintern (69; £2.65, 19 minutes) and Monmouth (65/69; £3, one hour). National Express (www.nationalexpress.com) coach destinations include London (£19, three hours), Cardiff (£5.40, one hour), Swansea (£12, two hours), Carmarthen (£17, 2½ hours) and Tenby (£18, 3¼ hours). There are direct trains from Cardiff (£9.30, 40 minutes), Gloucester (£9.50, 30 minutes), Cheltenham (£12, 40 minutes) and Birmingham (£26, 1½ hours). ### Lower Wye Valley The A466 road follows the snaking, steep-sided valley of the River Wye from Chepstow to Monmouth, passing through the straggling village of Tintern. It's a beautiful drive, rendered particularly mysterious when a twilight mist rises from the river and shrouds the illuminated ruins of Tintern Abbey. There are plenty of possibilities for riverside walks around Tintern. One of the best begins at the old railway bridge just upstream from the abbey, and leads to the **Devil's Pulpit** , a limestone crag on the east side of the river with a spectacular view over the abbey (2.5 miles round-trip). 1Sights oTintern AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/3.40; h10am-4pm; p) Founded in 1131 by the Cistercian order, this monastic complex and its riverside setting has been immortalised in many famous paintings and poems. The huge abbey church was built between 1269 and 1301, the stone shell of which remains surprisingly intact; the finest feature is tracery that once contained the magnificent west windows. 4Sleeping Tintern Old RectoryB&B ( %01291-689920; www.tintern-oldrectory.co.uk; A466; s/d from £75/85; p W #) Dressed in pale pink and blue, the four sweet rooms in this 18th-century house either look over the river or have access to the rear garden. The breakfast menu offers an impressive array of options. Tŷ BrynB&B ( %01594-531330; www.wyevalleystay.co.uk; A466; r £70-80; p W) Perched on a hillside overlooking a pretty stretch of the River Wye in the village of Llandogo, 3 miles north of Tintern Abbey, this old stone house has three comfortable en suite rooms looked after by friendly young owners. Crown at WhitebrookHOTEL ( %01600-860254; www.crownatwhitebrook.co.uk; Whitebrook; r £110-140) Hidden away on the narrow country lane that runs along the west bank of the Wye (a mile north of the turn-off where the A466 crosses the river into England, and 5 miles north of Tintern Abbey), this little restaurant-with-rooms is a peaceful and elegant bolt-hole. 8Getting There & Away Bus 69 follows the A466 along the river between Chepstow (£2.65, 19 minutes) and Monmouth (£3.55, 34 minutes). ### Monmouth (Trefynwy) Pop 10,200 The compact market town of Monmouth sits at the confluence of the Rivers Wye and Monnow, and has hopped in and out of Wales over the centuries as the border shifted back and forth. Henry V was born in 1397 in **Monmouth Castle** , the meagre remains of which can be seen on Castle Hill. Monmouth's main drag, Monnow St, starts at car-free **Monnow Bridge** , the UK's only complete example of a medieval fortified bridge. It was built in 1270, although much of what you see now was restored in 1705. Before you cross into town, it's worth poking your head into **St Thomas the Martyr's Church** ; parts of it date from around 1180. 5Eating Bistro PregoITALIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01600-712600; www.pregomonmouth.co.uk; 7 Church St; mains £12-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-9.30pm) Set down a cobbled lane in the heart of the town, this little Italian eatery dishes up tasty pasta and more substantial mains. Save room for dessert – the semifreddo is delicious. It also has rooms. 8Information Tourist Office TOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01600-775257; www.shirehallmonmouth.org.uk; Shire Hall, Agincourt Sq; h10am-4pm) 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Chepstow (route 65/69; £3, one hour), Newport (60; £5.50, one hour), Abergavenny (83; £3, 45 minutes), the Forest of Dean (34/35; £2.20, 20 minutes) and Hereford (36; one hour). National Express coaches head here from Newport (£8.40, 35 minutes), Cardiff (£11, one hour), Ross-on-Wye (£4.80, 20 minutes) and Birmingham (£20, 1¾ hours). ### Skenfrith A chocolate-box village of stone buildings set around a hefty castle and ancient church, and skirted by the River Monnow, Skenfrith encapsulates the essence of the Monmouthshire countryside. **Skenfrith Castle** was built around 1228 on the site of earlier Norman fortifications. Its keep and walls are partially intact, and there are no barriers to prevent you entering and picnicking on the central lawn. Nearby, a squat tower announces 800-year-old **St Bridget's Church** , accessed by a low wooden door with a foot-high step. The riverside village pub, the Bell at Skenfrith ( %01600-750235; www.skenfrith.co.uk; s/d from £75/110; p W #), has a popular restaurant and elegant rooms. Skenfrith is 5 miles northwest of Monmouth along the B4233; there's no public transport. #### WORTH A TRIP ### RAGLAN CASTLE Raglan CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/3.40; h10am-4pm; p) This was the last great medieval castle to be built in Wales, designed more as a swaggering declaration of wealth and power than a defensive fortress. A magnificent, sprawling complex built of dusky pink and grey sandstone, its centrepiece is the lavish Great Tower, a hexagonal keep ringed by a moat, badly damaged during the Civil War of the 1640s. Buses from Newport (route 60; £5.50, 39 minutes), Monmouth (60/83; £2.85, 19 minutes) and Abergavenny (83; £3.40, 26 minutes) stop in Raglan, a five-minute walk to the castle. ### Blaenavon (Blaenafon) Pop 5700 Of all the valley settlements that were decimated by the demise of heavy industry, the one-time coal and iron town of Blaenavon shows the greenest shoots of regrowth, helped in large part by the awarding of Unesco World Heritage Site status in 2000 to its conglomeration of industrial sites. Its proximity to Brecon Beacons National Park and Abergavenny doesn't do it any harm either. 1Sights Blaenavon World Heritage CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01495-742333; www.visitblaenavon.co.uk; Church Rd; h9am-4pm Tue-Sun) F Housed in an artfully converted old school, this centre contains a cafe, tourist office, gallery, gift shop and, more importantly, excellent interactive, audiovisual displays that explore the industrial heritage of the region. oBig Pit National Coal MuseumMINE, MUSEUM ( %029-2057 3650; www.museumwales.ac.uk; car park £3; h9.30am-5pm, guided tours 10am-3.30pm; p) F The atmospheric Big Pit provides an opportunity to explore a real coal mine and get a taste of what life was like for the miners who worked here up until 1980. Tours descend 90m into the mine and explore the tunnels and coalfaces in the company of an ex-miner guide. Above ground, you can see the pit-head baths, blacksmith's workshop and other colliery buildings, filled with displays on the industry and the reminiscences of ex-miners. Blaenavon IronworksHISTORIC SITE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; North St; h10am-5pm) F When it was completed in 1789, this ironworks was one of the most advanced in the world. Today the site is one of the best preserved of all its Industrial Revolution contemporaries – although the hulking remains of the kilns and towers are now a home for ravens. Also on display are the tiny terraced workers' cottages. Pontypool & Blaenavon RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %01495-792263; www.pontypool-and-blaenavon.co.uk; adult/child £7/4) Built to haul coal and passengers, this railway has been restored by local volunteers, allowing you to catch a steam train from the town centre to Big Pit or to Whistle Halt, the highest train station in England and Wales (396m). Check online for timetables. 4Sleeping & Eating OakfieldB&B ( %01495-792829; www.oakfieldbnb.com; 1 Oakfield Tce, Varteg Rd; s/d £41/68; p W) The clued-up owners of this spick-and-span B&B moonlight at the World Heritage Centre, so they're a fount of local knowledge. There are only three rooms, but twins, doubles and families are all catered for. Butterflies RestaurantPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01495-791044; www.butterflies-restaurant.co.uk; 31-33 Queen St; mains £12-18; h6-9.30pm Tue-Sat, 12.30-2.30pm Sun) This bistro-style place has a good menu of meaty mains – Beef Wellington and Welsh lamb cutlets, for example – as well as a few fish and veggie options. 7Shopping Blaenavon Cheddar CompanyFOOD ( %01495-793123; www.chunkofcheese.co.uk; 80 Broad St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) Showcasing the company's range of handmade cheese, some of which is matured down in the Big Pit mineshaft, this little store also stocks a range of Welsh speciality ales, wines and whisky. It offers **bike hire** and small-group cycling and walking **tours**. 8Getting There & Away Bus X24 heads to Blaenavon from Newport (£4.50, 50 minutes). ## Swansea & the Gower Wales' second-largest city sprawls along the 5-mile sweep of Swansea Bay, ending to the southwest in the smart seaside suburb of Mumbles at the head of the beautiful Gower Peninsula. ### Swansea (Abertawe) Pop 301,000 Dylan Thomas called Swansea an 'ugly, lovely town' and that remains a fair description today. It's currently in the grip of a Cardiff-esque bout of regeneration that's slowly transforming the drab, postwar city centre into something worthy of the natural assets of its bay-side setting. Swansea makes up for some visual shortcomings with a visceral charm. A hefty student population takes to the city's bars with enthusiasm, and pockets of hipness have emerged in inner suburbs such as Uplands – which is, conveniently, where all the best B&Bs are located. Swansea's Welsh name, Abertawe, describes its location at the mouth of the Tawe, where the river empties into Swansea Bay. The Vikings named the area Sveins Ey (Swein's Island), probably referring to the sandbank in the river mouth. The Normans built a castle here, but Swansea didn't really get into its stride until the Industrial Revolution, when it developed into an important copper-smelting centre. Ore was first shipped in from Cornwall, across the Bristol Channel, but by the 19th century it was arriving from Chile, Cuba and the USA, in return for Welsh coal. By the 20th century the city's industrial base had declined, although Swansea's oil refinery and smaller factories were still judged a worthy target by the Luftwaffe, which devastated the city centre in 1941. Swansea 1Sights 1Dylan Thomas CentreD3 2National Waterfront MuseumC4 3Swansea CastleB2 4Swansea MuseumC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 5Action BikesB3 6LC2C4 4Sleeping 7Dragon HotelB2 8MorgansC3 5Eating 9Hanson at the Chelsea RestaurantB3 10Joe's Ice Cream ParlourC2 6Drinking & Nightlife 11Kon-TikiC3 12No Sign BarC3 3Entertainment 13Dylan Thomas TheatreC4 14Swansea Grand TheatreA3 7Shopping 15Mission GalleryC4 16Swansea MarketB3 1Sights Swansea CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Castle Sq) A small pocket of the central city around Wind St and Castle Sq escaped the wartime bombing and retains a remnant of Georgian and Victorian Swansea, and the ruins of 14th-century Swansea Castle (closed to the public). The castle was mostly destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1647, but had a brief lease of life as a prison in the 19th century. Dylan Thomas CentreMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dylanthomas.com; Somerset Pl; h10am-4.30pm) F Housed in the former Guildhall, this unassuming museum contains absorbing displays on the Swansea-born poet's life and work. Aside from the collection of memorabilia, what really brings Dylan Thomas' work to life is a series of recordings, including the booming baritone of Richard Burton performing _Under Milk Wood_ and Thomas himself reading _Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,_ the celebrated paean to his dying father. Swansea MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.swansea.gov.uk/swanseamuseum; Victoria Rd; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun; W) F Dylan Thomas referred to this august institution as 'the museum which should have _been_ in a museum'. Founded in 1834, it remains charmingly low-tech, from the eccentric Cabinet of Curiosities to the glass cases of archaeological finds from Gower caves. Pride of place goes to the Mummy of Hor. National Waterfront MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/swansea; South Dock Marina, Oystermouth Rd; h10am-5pm) F Housed in a 1901 dockside warehouse with a striking glass and slate extension, the museum's 15 hands-on galleries explore Wales' industrial history and the impact of industrialisation on its people, making much use of interactive computer screens and audiovisual presentations. The effect can be a bit overwhelming, but there is a lot of interesting stuff here. Egypt CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.egypt.swan.ac.uk; Mumbles Rd, Sketty; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) F Swansea University's musem of ancient Egyptian antiquities includes a fascinating collection of everyday artefacts, ranging from a 4000-year-old razor to a mummified crocodile. Kids can try their hand at muppet mummification. Dylan Thomas BirthplaceHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-472555; www.dylanthomasbirthplace.com; 5 Cwmdonkin Dr, Uplands; adult/child £8/6; h10.30am-4.30pm) The bad boy of Welsh poetry was born in this unassuming Uplands house and it's here that he wrote two-thirds of his poetry. It's now been lovingly restored and furnished in period style. Call ahead to arrange a tour, or if you're really keen, you can stay the night (rooms £150). 2Activities LC2SWIMMING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thelcswansea.com; Oystermouth Rd; waterpark adult/child £7/4; h4-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-8pm Sat & Sun; c) The Marine Quarter's £32-million leisure centre includes a toddler's play area, a gym and a 9m indoor climbing wall. Best of all though is the waterpark, complete with a wave pool, water slides and the world's first indoor surfing ride. Action BikesCYCLING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-464640; www.actionbikesswansea.co.uk; 5 St David's Sq; half-/full day £12/18) Rent a bike and hit the cycle trail that hugs the bay from downtown Swansea to Mumbles. zFestivals & Events Swansea Bay FestivalSUMMER FESTIVAL (www.swanseabayfestival.co.uk; hJul-Sep) From July to September, the waterfront is taken over by shows, fun fairs, carnivals, music and exhibitions. Dylan Thomas FestivalLITERARY FESTIVAL (www.dylanthomas.com; hOct-Nov) Poetry readings, talks, films and performances; held from 27 October (Thomas' date of birth) to 9 November (the date he died). 4Sleeping Leonardo'sGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-470163; www.leonardosguesthouse.co.uk; 380 Oystermouth Rd; s/d from £38/48, without bathroom £30/45; W) With small rooms in bright, sunny colours, Leonardo's is the best choice in the long strip of budget seafront guesthouses on Oystermouth Rd. Five of the nine bedrooms enjoy views over Swansea Bay. oChristmas Pie B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-480266; www.christmaspie.co.uk; 2 Mirador Cres, Uplands; s/d £49/78; p W) The name suggests something warm and comforting, and this suburban villa does not disappoint. The three en suite bedrooms are all individually and tastefully decorated. Plus there's fresh fruit and an out-of-the-ordinary, vegetarian-friendly breakfast selection. Mirador Town HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-466976; www.themirador.co.uk; 14 Mirador Cres, Uplands; s/d from £60/80; W) Kooky in the extreme, all the rooms are well kitted out and elaborately themed – Roman, Mediterranean, African, Venetian, Egyptian, Asian, French – with murals on the walls and sometimes the ceilings as well. The exuberant hosts are enthusiastic cheerleaders for the area. CrescentB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-465782; www.thecrescentswansea.co.uk; 132 Eaton Cres, Uplands; s/d/ste from £40/70/109; W) Perched on a slope with views across the rooftops to Swansea Bay, the Crescent is a grand old Edwardian gent, daringly dressed in bright blue. The larger bedrooms are quite spacious, although the bathrooms are small. Dragon HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-657141; www.dragon-hotel.co.uk; The Kingsway; r from £69; p a W s) This 1960s city-centre hotel has been given an expensive upgrade, with dragon-red carpets, orange backlighting and well-turned-out bedrooms. There's also a gym and an 18m indoor pool. The double-glazing helps combat the noise in this extremely busy location, but you're still better off requesting a higher floor. White HouseHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-473856; www.thewhitehousehotel.co.uk; 4 Nyanza Tce, Eaton Cres, Uplands; s/d £49/79) More modest than its name suggests, this three-storey suburban house has an old-fashioned vibe, with chandeliers downstairs and colourful leadlights. The reasonably priced rooms all have their own bathrooms. MorgansHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-484848; www.morganshotel.co.uk; Somerset Pl; r £65-250; p) Set in the gorgeous red-brick and Portland-stone former Ports Authority building, Morgans combines historic elegance with contemporary design and a high pamper factor. An annexe across the road has lower ceilings but similar standards. 5Eating & Drinking In a city synonymous with Dylan Thomas you'd expect some hard drinking to take place...and you'd be right. Swansea's main boozing strip is Wind St (pronounced to rhyme with 'blind', as in drunk) and on weekends it can be a bit of a zoo, full of generally good-natured alcopop-fuelled teens teetering around on high heels. _Buzz_ magazine (free from the tourist office and bars around town) has its finger on the pulse. The dining scene is more hit and miss, although Sketty Rd, Uplands, is worth exploring. Joe's Ice Cream ParlourICE CREAM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.joes-icecream.com; 85 St Helen's Rd; cones/sundaes from £1.30/3.70; hnoon-7.30pm) For an ice-cream sundae or a cone, locals love Joe's – a Swansea institution founded in 1922 by Joe Cascarini, son of immigrants from Italy's Abruzzi mountains. There are also branches at Parc Tawe Shopping Centre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; The Strand; h10.30am-5.15pm) and Mumbles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-368212; 526 Mumbles Rd; h10.30am-7.30pm). Hanson at the Chelsea RestaurantSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-464068; www.hansonatthechelsea.co.uk; 17 St Mary's St; mains £13-20, 2-/3-course lunch £13/17; hnoon-2.15pm daily, 7-9.30pm Mon-Sat) Perfect for a romantic liaison, this elegant little dining room is discreetly tucked away behind the frenzy of Wind St. Seafood's the speciality, although the menu contains plenty of meaty dishes, and blackboard specials are chalked up daily. No Sign BarBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nosignwinebar.com; 56 Wind St; h11am-midnight) Once frequented by Dylan Thomas (it appears as the Wine Vaults in his story _The Followers_ ), the No Sign stands out as the only vaguely traditional bar left on Wind St. On weekends there's live music downstairs in the Vault. The food's very good too (mains from £6 to £11). Kon-TikiCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 10 The Strand; h6pm-midnight) Hidden down the hill from Wind St, cool Kon-Tiki offers all the requisite elements for a tropical beach fantasy: faux Polynesian statues, cocktails served in tiki cups, flax matting on the walls and Bob Marley on the stereo. Uplands TavernPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/TheUplandsTavern; 42 Uplands Cres; h11am-11pm) Yet another Thomas hang-out, Uplands still serves a quiet daytime pint in the Dylan Thomas snug. Come nightfall, it turns into a different beast altogether as the hub of the city's live-music scene. 3Entertainment Swansea Grand TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-475715; www.swanseagrand.co.uk; Singleton St) The city's largest theatre stages a mixed line-up of ballet, opera, musicals, theatre, pantomimes and a regular comedy club. Taliesin Arts CentrePERFORMING ARTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-602060; www.taliesinartscentre.co.uk; Swansea University, Mumbles Rd) Part of Swansea University, this vibrant arts centre showcases live music, theatre, dance and film. Dylan Thomas TheatreTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-473238; www.dylanthomastheatre.org.uk; Gloucester Pl) Home to Swansea Little Theatre, an amateur dramatic group of which Dylan Thomas was once a member, the company stages a wide repertoire of plays, including regular performances of your man's _Under Milk Wood_. 7Shopping Swansea MarketMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.swanseaindoormarket.co.uk; Oxford St; h8am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) There's been a covered market in Swansea since 1652 and at this site since 1830. Rebuilt in 1961 after being bombed in WWII, the current version is a buzzing place to stock up on local specialities, such as cockles, laver bread and Welsh cakes fresh from the griddle. Mission GalleryART ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.missiongallery.co.uk; Gloucester Pl; h11am-5pm Tue-Sun) F Set in a converted 19th-century seamen's chapel, Mission stages Swansea's most striking exhibitions of contemporary art, as well as selling glassware, ceramics, jewellery and art magazines. 8Information Morriston HospitalHOSPITAL ( %01792-702222; Heol Maes Eglwys, Morriston) Accident and emergency department, 5 miles north of the centre. Police StationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %101; Grove Pl) Swansea Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-468321; www.visitswanseabay.com; Plymouth St; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses head to/from Cardiff (route 701; £3, 1¼ hours), Kidwelly (111; £5.20, 1½ hours), Carmarthen (X11/701; £5.20, one hour), Llandeilo (X13; £5.20, 1½ hours) and Aberystwyth (701; 2¾ hours). National Express destinations include Cardiff (£3.50, one hour), Chepstow (£12, two hours), Bristol (£10, 2½ hours), Birmingham (£35, 4¼ hours) and London Victoria (£24, 5¼ hours). Greyhound coaches head to/from Cardiff (£3.30, one hour), Newport (£6.60, two hours) and Bristol Airport (£11, three hours). Train Direct trains head to/from Cardiff (£8.60, one hour), Llandrindod Wells (£13, 2¼ hours), Bristol (£26, 1½ hours), London Paddington (£45, three hours) and Shrewsbury (£45, three hours). 8Getting Around First Cymru (www.firstgroup.com) runs local services. A FirstDay ticket offers all-day bus travel in the Swansea Bay area (including Mumbles and the Gower Peninsula) for £4.70; buy tickets from the driver. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### WALES COAST PATH Fancy a stroll? We asked Quentin Grimley, Coastal Access Project Officer for Natural Resources Wales, to tell us about the Wales Coast Path (www.walescoastpath.gov.uk), the first walking track to encompass a country's entire coastline. **Tell us about the path?** The project started in 2007 with the intention to create a continuous coastal path around all of Wales. It opened in 2012, linking up existing coastal paths like Pembrokeshire, which has been around since 1970, and others such as Ceredigion and Anglesey. If you then walk the Offa's Dyke Path you can circle the whole of Wales. **How long does it take to walk the whole thing?** It's 870 miles long. Walking every day for an average of 13 miles, it would take two months to complete – plus an additional two weeks if you finish with Offa's Dyke Path. **Are there any sections that you'd recommend for travellers with only a day or two to spare?** Well, places like Pembrokeshire are already well known, so for somewhere a little less obvious, try the Gower Peninsula by Swansea. It's an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, it's easy to get to and it's never had a continuous coastal path before now. ### Mumbles (Y Mwmbwls) Strung out along the shoreline at the southern end of Swansea Bay, Mumbles has been Swansea's seaside retreat since 1807, when the Oystermouth Railway was opened. Built for transporting coal, the horse-drawn carriages were soon converted for paying customers, and the now defunct Mumbles train became the first passenger railway service in the world. Once again fashionable, with restaurants vying for trade along the promenade, Mumbles received a boost to its reputation when its most famous daughter, Hollywood actress Catherine Zeta-Jones, built a £2 million luxury mansion at Limeslade, on the south side of the peninsula. Singer Bonnie Tyler also has a home here. The origin of Mumbles' unusual name is uncertain, although one theory is that it's a legacy of French seamen who nicknamed the twin rounded rocks at the tip of the headland Les Mamelles ('the breasts'). 1Sights Clyne GardensGARDENS (www.breatheswansea.com) F Spanning 20 hectares, these magnificent gardens are particularly impressive in spring when the azaleas and rhododendrons are at their most spectacular. Plus there are bluebell woods, wildflower meadows and a bog garden to explore. The entrance is behind the Woodman Pub at the Swansea end of the Mumbles Rd strip. Oystermouth CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.abertawe.gov.uk/oystermouthcastle; Castle Ave; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h11am-5pm Apr-Sep) It wouldn't be Wales without a castle, hence the trendy shops and bars of Newton Rd are guarded by a majestic ruin. Once the stronghold of the Norman lords of Gower, it's now the focus of summer Shakespeare performances. There's a fine view over Swansea Bay from the battlements. Mumbles PierPIER ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-365220; www.mumbles-pier.co.uk; Mumbles Rd) At the end of Mumbles' mile-long strip of pastel-painted houses, pubs and restaurants lies a rocky headland abutted by a Victorian pier with a sandy beach below. Built in 1898, it houses the usual amusement arcade and a once-grand cafe, festooned with chandeliers. 4Sleeping oTides Reach Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-404877; www.tidesreachguesthouse.com; 388 Mumbles Rd; s/d from £60/70; p i W) Delicious eco-conscious breakfasts and stacks of local information are served with a smile at this smart waterfront B&B. Some rooms have sea views; our favourite is suite-like room 9, where the dormer windows open out to create a virtual deck. Patricks with RoomsBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-360199; www.patrickswithrooms.com; 638 Mumbles Rd; r £115-175; W) Patricks has 16 individually styled designer bedrooms in bold contemporary colours with art on the walls, and with fluffy robes. Some are set back in a separate annexe. Downstairs there's an upmarket restaurant and bar. 8Information Mumbles Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-361302; www.mumbleshead.info; Methodist Church, Mumbles Rd; h10.30am-4pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Buses 2, 3 and 27 head between Swansea and Mumbles (£3.70, 20 minutes). ### Gower Peninsula (Y Gŵyr) With its broad butterscotch beaches, pounding surf, precipitous clifftop walks and rugged, untamed uplands, the Gower Peninsula feels a million miles away from Swansea's urban bustle – yet it's just on the doorstep. This 15-mile-long thumb of land stretching west from Mumbles was in 1956 designated the UK's first official Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). 1Sights The main family beaches, patrolled by lifeguards during the summer, are **Langland Bay** , **Caswell Bay** and **Port Eynon** on the south coast. The most spectacular, however, is the 3-mile sweep of **Rhossili Bay** at the western tip of the peninsula – which has been recently ranked on Trip Advisor as one of the top 10 beaches in the world. From Rhossili village you can follow the 1-mile tidal causeway to rocky, wave-blasted Worm's Head (from Old English 'wurm', meaning dragon) but only for a two-hour period either side of low tide. At the Outer Head, look out for choughs, peregrine falcons, razorbills, guillemots and oystercatchers, as well as seals bobbing in the swell. The village of **Llangennith** , at the north of Rhossili Bay, is the infrastructure hub for surfers. At the heart of the peninsula is **Cefn Bryn** , a ruggedly beautiful expanse of moorland that rises to a height of 186m. On a suitably desolate ridge above the village of **Reynoldston** stands a mysterious neolithic burial chamber capped by the 25-tonne quartz boulder known as **Arthur's Stone** (Coeten Arthur). 2Activities The Gower has the best surfing in Wales outside Pembrokeshire. PJ's Surf ShopSURFING ( %01792-386669; www.pjsurfshop.co.uk; wetsuits/surfboards/bodyboards per day £11/11/6; h9am-5.30pm) Run by former surf champion Peter Jones in the village of Llangennith, at the north of Rhossili Bay, this is a centre of activity for surfers. Gower Coast AdventuresCRUISE ( %07866-250440; www.gowercoastadventures.co.uk) Speedboat trips to Worm's Head from Port Eynon (adult/child £38/22) or Mumbles (adult/child £48/28), or from Mumbles to Three Cliffs and Oxwich Bay (adult/child £30/18). Parc-Le-Breos Pony TrekkingHORSE RIDING ( %01792-371636; www.parc-le-breos.co.uk; Parkmill; half-/full day £35/48) The rural byways and bridleways of the Gower are ideal territory for horseback explorations. Welsh Surfing Federation Surf SchoolSURFING ( %01792-386426; www.wsfsurfschool.co.uk; Llangennith) The governing body for surfing in Wales offers initial two-hour surfing lessons for £25. 4Sleeping & Eating Port Eynon YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9135; www.yha.org.uk; Port Eynon; dm/r from £21/84) Worth special mention for its spectacular location, this former lifeboat station is as close as you could come to the sea without sleeping on the beach itself. It's cosier than your average YHA, with sea views from the lounge. Nicholaston FarmCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-371209; www.nicholastonfarm.co.uk; Penmaen; sites £18-25; hApr-Sep) Field camping in a working farm overlooking Oxwich Bay. There's a little farm shop/cafe and an excellent ablutions block. King's HeadPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-386212; www.kingsheadgower.co.uk; Llangennith; r from £99; p W) The centre of Llangennith's social life, the King's Head serves real ales and meals. Behind it are two custom-made stone blocks, stylishly fitted out with modern bathrooms, pale tiles and underfloor heating. Culver HouseAPARTMENT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-720300; www.culverhousehotel.co.uk; Port Eynon; apt incl breakfast from £79; i W) This renovated 19th-century house offers eight modern self-contained apartments with all the mod cons, and continental breakfasts delivered daily to your fridge. The upper apartments have balconies, while those on the ground floor open onto cute little gardens. Parc-le-Breos HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-371636; www.parc-le-breos.co.uk; Parkmill; r from £90; p W) Set in its own private estate north of the main road, Parc-le-Breos offers en suite B&B accommodation in a Victorian hunting lodge. The majestic lounge and dining room downstairs have grand fireplaces that crackle into action in winter. King Arthur HotelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-390775; www.kingarthurhotel.co.uk; Higher Green, Reynoldston; r £75-105, mains £8-14; p W) As traditional as swords in stone and ladies of the lake, the King Arthur serves real ales in a cosy wood-panelled bar and offers a lengthy menu in the neighbouring bistro. The bedrooms above are less atmospheric but clean and comfortable. oFairyhillHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01792-390139; www.fairyhill.net; s/d from £170/190; p W) Hidden (as any proper fairy place should be) down a narrow lane north of Reynoldston, this Georgian country house has a suitably magical setting. The rooms are excellent and less old-fashioned than the restaurant downstairs, which serves pleasantly Welsh food with few surprises. 8Information Rhossili Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01792-390707; www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gower; Coastguard Cottages, Rhossili; h10.30am-5pm daily mid-Feb–Dec, 10.30am-4pm Wed-Sun Jan–mid-Feb) The National Trust's centre has information on local walks and wildlife, and an audiovisual display upstairs. 8Getting There & Around The Gower is included in the First Cymru (www.firstgroup.com) Swansea Bay zone. Buses zip all around the peninsula, with additional services in summer. ## Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin) Castle-dotted Carmarthenshire has gentle valleys, deep-green woods and a small, partly sandy coast. Caught between dramatic neighbours – Pembrokeshire to the west and the Brecon Beacons to the east – it remains much quieter and less explored. Yet the appeal of its tranquil countryside hasn't gone entirely unnoticed, and charming places like Llandeilo are sprouting upmarket galleries and shops. If your interests stretch to gardens, stately homes and all things green, add this quiet county to your itinerary. ### Llandeilo & Around Pop 1800 Set on a hill encircled by the greenest of fields, Llandeilo is little more than a handful of narrow streets lined with grand Georgian and Victorian buildings and centred on a picturesque church and graveyard. The surrounding region was once dominated by large country estates and, though they have long gone, the deer, parkland trees and agricultural character of the landscape are their legacy. 1Sights oDinefwrHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £4/2, parking £6; hhouse 11am-6pm daily Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Mar; p) At the heart of this large estate, immediately west of Llandeilo, is **Newton House** , a wonderful 17th-century manor with a Victorian facade. It's presented as it was in Edwardian times, focusing particularly on the experience of servants in their downstairs domain. Striking 12th-century **Dinefwr Castle** is set on a hilltop in the southern corner of the estate. In the 17th century it suffered the indignity of being converted into a picturesque garden feature. Aberglasney GardensGARDENS (www.aberglasney.org; Llangathen; adult/child £8/4; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Mar) Wandering through these formal walled gardens feels a bit like walking into a Jane Austen novel. They date back to the 17th century and contain a unique cloister built solely as a garden decoration. There's also a pool garden, a 250-year-old yew tunnel and a 'wild' garden in the bluebell woods to the west. At its heart stands a semirestored Elizabethan manor house, where you can watch a video on the estate's history and view temporary art exhibitions. The derelict kitchens have been converted into a glass-roofed atrium garden full of subtropical plants such as orchids, palms and cycads. Aberglasney is in the village of Llangathen, just off the A40, 4 miles west of Llandeilo. National Botanic Garden of WalesGARDENS (www.gardenofwales.org.uk; Llanarthne; adult/child £8.50/4.50; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) Concealed in the rolling Tywi Valley, this lavish complex opened in 2000 and is still maturing. Formerly an aristocratic estate, the garden has a wide range of plant habitats, from lakes and bogs to woodland and heath, with lots of decorative areas and educational exhibits on plant medicine and organic farming. The centrepiece is the Norman Foster–designed **Great Glasshouse** , an arresting glass dome sunken into the earth. The garden is 8 miles southwest of Llandeilo, signposted from the road to Carmarthen (A40). 4Sleeping CawdorHOTEL ( %01558-823500; www.thecawdor.com; Rhosmaen St; r £65-200; p W) Grey-and-pink-striped carpet leads to well-appointed rooms with marble-clad bathrooms in this grand Georgian inn in Llandeilo. The downstairs bar serves tasty meals, or you can opt for a more formal meal in the restaurant. PloughHOTEL ( %01558-823431; www.ploughrhosmaen.com; s/d from £75/95; p W c #) On the A40, just north of Llandeilo, this baby-blue inn offers hip, contemporary rooms, some with countryside views. The standard rooms are spacious enough but the corner-hogging executives have cat-swinging space and then some. 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses head to/from Swansea (route X13; £5.20, 1½ hours) and Carmarthen (279–281; £3.30, 40 minutes). Train Direct trains head to/from Cardiff (£21, 2½ hours), Swansea (£7, 1¼ hours), Llanwrtyd Wells (£5, 45 minutes), Llandrindod Wells (£15, 1¼ hours) and Shrewsbury (£25, three hours). #### WORTH A TRIP ### LLANELLI WETLAND CENTRE Llanelli Wetland CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01554-741087; www.wwt.org.uk/llanelli; Llwynhendy; adult/child £8.14/4.50; h9.30am-5pm; p) Covering 97 hectares on the northern shore of the Burry Inlet, across from the Gower Peninsula, this centre is one of Wales' most important habitats for waders and waterfowl. Winter is the most spectacular season, when up to 60,000 birds converge on the salt marsh and mudflats. Flashiest of all are the resident flock of nearly fluorescent pink Caribbean flamingos. There's plenty on for kids during school holidays. Late spring's Duckling Days are filled with downy cuteness, while in summer there are canoes and bikes to borrow. ### Kidwelly (Cydweli) Pop 2790 The unassuming little town of Kidwelly, at the mouth of the River Gwendraeth Fach, is dominated by the impressive pigeon-inhabited remains of Kidwelly Castle. 1Sights Kidwelly CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Castle Rd; adult/child £4/3; h10am-5pm) Rising above a narrow waterway dotted with swans, this forbidding grey eminence was founded by the Normans in 1106, but most of the system of towers and curtain walls was built in the 13th century in reaction to Welsh uprisings. If it looks familiar, that may be because it featured in the opening scene of _Monty Python and the Holy Grail_. 8Getting There & Away Trains head to Kidwelly from Swansea (£8.50, 30 minutes), Cardiff (£13, 1½ hours), Abergavenny (£30, 2¼ hours), Shrewsbury (£48, 3½ hours) and Manchester (£75, five hours); buses run from Carmarthen (route X11/198; £2.80, 27 minutes). ### Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin) Pop 15,900 Carmarthenshire's county town is a place of legend and ancient provenance, but it's not the kind of place you'll feel inclined to linger in. It's a handy transport and shopping hub but there's not a lot to see. The Romans built a town here, complete with a fort and an amphitheatre. A couple of solid walls, a gatehouse and a few crumbling towers are all that remain of Carmarthen's Norman castle, which was largely destroyed in the Civil War. Most intriguingly, Carmarthen is reputed to be the birthplace of the most famous wizard of them all (no, not Harry Potter) – Myrddin of the Arthurian legends, better known in English as Merlin. An oak tree planted in 1660 for Charles II's coronation came to be called 'Merlin's Tree' and was linked to a prophecy that its death would mean curtains for the town. The tree died in the 1970s, but the town, while a little down at heel, is still standing. ### MYTHS & LEGENDS Wales is awash with sagas inspired by bloody conflict and untamed landscapes. From generation to generation, elaborate tales of enchantment and wizardry have been bequeathed like rich family legacies. As early as the 9th century tales of mystery and heroism were compiled in the _Historia Britonum_. But the finest impressions come from the _Mabinogion,_ a 14th-century tome containing occasionally terrifying tales of Celtic magic. King Arthur is a recurrent character, especially in the _Mabinogion_. One of British legend's most romanticised heroes, he was believed to have been a 5th- or 6th-century cavalry leader who rallied British fighters against the marauding Saxon invaders. Time transformed Arthur into a king of magic deeds, with wise magician Myrddin (Merlin) by his side and a loyal band of followers in support. Arthur went on to slay Rita Gawr, a giant who butchered kings, in an epic battle on Snowdon. Finally, Myrddin delivered the dying hero to Avalon, which may well have been saintly Bardsey Island off the Llŷn Peninsula. The world of Welsh myths is richly imaginative. For more see Robin Gwyndaf's detailed bilingual _Chwedlau Gwerin Cymru: Welsh Folk Tales_. 1Sights Carmarthen MarketMARKET (www.carmarthenmarket.co.uk; Market Way; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) F There's been a market here since Roman times, and in 1180 it was given a royal charter. Now housed in an edgy new building, the market sells a bit of everything, from produce to antiques. On Wednesdays and Saturdays it spills out onto the street. Oriel MyrddinGALLERY ( %01267-222775; www.orielmyrddingallery.co.uk; Church Lane; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) F Stages changing exhibitions of contemporary art. TTours Creepy CarmarthenWALKING TOUR ( %01267-231557; www.thespookymagiccompany.co.uk; adult/child £7.50/5; h7pm Thu & 5pm Sat Apr-Nov) Stroll around the town's dark corners while being regaled with ghost stories and chilling tales from its history. 5Eating Carmarthen's contribution to Welsh gastronomy is a salt-cured, air-dried ham. Local legend has it that the Romans liked the recipe so much they took it back to Italy with them (as proscuitto). Look for it at Carmarthen market. Waverley RestaurantVEGETARIAN (23 Lammas St; mains £6; h11.30am-2pm; v) Hiding at the rear of a wholefoods store, this cheap-and-cheerful eatery serves up simple vegetarian meals such as soups, salads, quiches, lasagne and jacket potatoes. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01267-231557; www.discovercarmarthenshire.com; Old Castle House; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat) 8Getting There & Away Bus The main bus stop is on Blue St. Destinations include Aberystwyth (route 701; 1¾ hours), Haverfordwest (322; £5, one hour), Llandeilo (279–281; £3.30, 40 minutes), Swansea (X11/701; £5.20, one hour) and Cardiff (701; 2¼ hours). National Express coaches head to/from London Victoria (£24, six hours), Birmingham (£38, five hours), Bristol (£18, three hours), Cardiff (£11, two hours) and Swansea (£6.50, 45 minutes). Train The train station is 300m south of town, across the river. There are direct trains to Swansea (£9, 45 minutes), Cardiff (£19, 1¾ hours), Abergavenny (£35, 2½ hours), Shrewsbury (£54, four hours) and Manchester (£75, 5¼ hours). #### WORTH A TRIP ### NORTH CARMARTHENSHIRE Most travellers continue west from Carmarthen, leaving the lush green hills and valleys of northern Carmarthenshire relatively unexplored. Although the sights are few, it's a pleasant place to potter about. Positioned in verdant countryside, 14 miles north of Carmarthen (signposted from the A484), is the surprisingly interesting National Wool Museum ( %029-2057 3070; www.museumwales.ac.uk; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Sep, Tue-Sat Oct-Mar). It's based in the former Cambrian Mills factory, which was world famous for its high-quality woollen products until it closed in 1984. Former mill workers are often on hand to get the machines clickety-clacking, but there's also a working commercial mill next door where you can watch the operations from a viewing platform. There's a cafe on-site and a gift shop selling snug woollen blankets. Continuing on into the Teifi Valley, the town of **Newcastle Emlyn** has a ruined 13th century castle and a wonderful old coaching inn that's been transformed into a slick little hotel. Gwesty'r Emlyn Hotel ( %01239-710317; www.gwestyremlynhotel.co.uk; Bridge St; s/d from £90/130; p W) has spacious rooms, a restaurant and a 'fitness suite', with gym equipment, a spa pool and a sauna. ### Laugharne (Talacharn) Pop 820 Sleepy little Laugharne (pronounced 'larn') sits above the tide-washed shores of the Taf Estuary, overlooked by a Norman castle. Dylan Thomas spent the last four years of his life here, during which he produced some of his most inspired work, including _Under Milk Wood;_ the town is one of the inspirations for the play's fictional village of Llareggub (spell it backwards and you'll get the gist). On Thomas' first visit he described it as the 'strangest town in Wales', but he returned repeatedly throughout his restless life. Many Thomas fans make a pilgrimage here to see the Boathouse where he lived, the shed where he wrote, Brown's Hotel where he drank (he used to give the pub telephone number as his contact number) and the churchyard where he's buried. 1Sights & Activities Dylan Thomas BoathouseMUSEUM (www.dylanthomasboathouse.com; Dylan's Walk; adult/child £4.20/3.20; h10am-5.30pm May-Oct, 10.30am-3.30pm Nov-Apr) Dylan Thomas lived here from 1949 to 1953 with his wife Caitlin and their three children. It's a beautiful setting, looking out over the estuary with what his 'Poem in October' called its 'heron-priested shore'. The parlour has been restored to its 1950s appearance, with the desk that once belonged to Thomas' schoolmaster father, and there are recordings of the poet reading his own works. Upstairs are photographs, manuscripts, a short video about his life, and his death mask, which once belonged to Richard Burton. Along the lane from the Boathouse is the old shed where Thomas did most of his writing. It looks as if he has just popped out, with screwed-up pieces of paper littered around. Thomas and Caitlin are buried in a grave marked by a simple white wooden cross in the grounds of St Martin's Church, on the northern edge of the town. Laugharne CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Wogan St; adult/child £3.80/2.85; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) Built in the 13th century, Laugharne Castle was converted into a mansion in the 16th century for John Perrot, thought to be the illegitimate son of Henry VIII. It was landscaped with its current lawns and gardens in Victorian times. Marros Riding CentreHORSE RIDING ( %01994-453777; www.marros-farm.co.uk; Marros) Based 7 miles west of Laugharne, past the broad sands of Pendine, this riding centre offers lessons (half-hour £25) and treks (two hours £43) including beach rides (£60). 4Sleeping & Eating Boat HouseB&B ( %01994-427263; www.theboathousebnb.co.uk; 1 Gosport St; s/d £60/80; W) Friendly, homely and tastefully decorated, this is the smartest B&B in town. The breakfasts are exceptional, with lots of yummy home baking. The building was formerly the Corporation Arms pub, where Dylan Thomas told stories in exchange for free drinks. Keepers CottageB&B ( %01994-427404; www.keepers-cottage.com; A4066; s/d from £60/80; p W) Sitting on the top of the hill by the main approach to town, this white-painted brick cottage has four simply decorated but very comfortable rooms. Complimentary bottled water, chocolates and little bottles of wine are a nice touch. CorranHOTEL ( %01994-427417; www.thecorran.com; East Marsh; r from £200; p W s) Having had a £5-million makeover, you would expect this converted Georgian farm on the salt-marsh flats south of Laugharne to be luxurious. And it is. Rooms have big beds and roll-top baths, and the complex includes a bar, restaurant and day spa. oCorsMODERN BRITISH ( %01994-427219; www.thecors.co.uk; Newbridge Rd; mains £19-27, s/d £50/80; h7pm-midnight Thu-Sat; p W) Tucked away in a rambling old house behind a wonderful bog garden ('cors' means bog), this colourful and pleasantly eccentric restaurant-with-rooms serves excellent local seasonal food. The upstairs bedrooms are spacious and brimming with character. 8Getting There & Away Bus 222 runs from Carmarthen to Laugharne (£3, 30 minutes) on weekdays. ## Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) The rugged Pembrokeshire Coast is what you would imagine the world would look like if God was a geology teacher. There are knobbly hills of volcanic rock, long thin inlets scoured by glacial meltwater, and stratified limestone pushed up vertically and eroded into natural arches, blowholes and sea stacks. Stretches of towering red and grey cliff give way to perfect sandy beaches, only to resume around the headland painted black. It's a landscape of Norman castles, Iron Age hill forts, holy wells and Celtic saints – including the nation's patron, Dewi Sant (St David). Predating even the ancient Celts are the remnants of an older people, who left behind them dolmens and stone circles – the same people who transported their sacred bluestones all the way from the Preseli Hills to form the giant edifice at Stonehenge. ### PEMBROKESHIRE COAST NATIONAL PARK Established in 1952, **Pembrokeshire Coast National Park** (Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Sir Benfro) takes in almost the entire Pembrokeshire Coast and its offshore islands, as well as the Preseli Hills in the north and the inland waters of the River Cleddau near Milford Haven. Pembrokeshire's sea cliffs and islands support huge breeding populations of seabirds, while seals, dolphins, porpoises and whales are frequently spotted in coastal waters. There are three national park information centres – in Tenby, St Davids and Newport – and the local tourist offices scattered across Pembrokeshire are well stocked with park paraphernalia. The free annual newspaper _Coast to Coast_ (online at www.pembrokeshirecoast.org.uk) has lots of information on park attractions, a calendar of events and details of park-organised activities. It's worth picking it up for the tide tables alone – they're an absolute necessity for many legs of the spectacular 186-mile **Pembrokeshire Coast Path** , which traverses the entire coast of the park. ### Narberth (Arberth) Pop 2270 An arty little town full of independent shops, Narberth is a gem. Despite being light on specific sights, it's well worth a stop for its lively vibe, passion for food and thriving retail scene. Somehow managing to beat the economic odds, butchers, delis, antique shops and boutiques line the streets. There's a friendly food festival (www.narberthfoodfestival.com; hSep) in September, a ruined Norman castle, a whizz-bang local history museum (www.narberthmuseum.co.uk; Church St; adult/child £3.50/2.50; h10am-5pm) and an interesting town hall with a double stairway. 4Sleeping & Eating Canaston OaksB&B ( %01437-541254; www.canastonoaks.co.uk; A4075, Canaston Bridge; r/ste from £113/137; W) Set alongside a working farm, 3 miles west of Narberth near the intersection of the A40 and A4075, this luxurious B&B has eight en suite rooms positioned around a Celtic cross–shaped garden. Expect hearty breakfasts and charming Welsh hospitality. oGroveHOTEL ( %01834-860915; www.thegrove-narberth.co.uk; Molleston; s/d from £162/171, 3-course lunch/dinner £28/54; hrestaurant noon-9.30pm; p W c) S A truly magical place to stay, this luxury hotel is hidden in the countryside south of Narberth, surrounded by manicured lawns, mature trees and wildflower meadows. The sumptuous rooms blend period character with contemporary styling, while the renowned restaurant serves a creative menu of Modern Welsh cuisine. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from Carmarthen (route 322; £4.80, 38 minutes), Saundersfoot (381; £3.15, 30 minutes), Tenby (381; £3.75, 42 minutes), Haverfordwest (322/381; £3.65, 21 minutes) and Cardigan (430; one hour); no Sunday services. Direct trains head to/from Cardiff (£25, 2½ hours), Swansea (£15, 1½ hours), Carmarthen (£7.80, 30 minutes), Tenby (£4.70, 19 minutes) and Pembroke (£8.10, 45 minutes). #### WORTH A TRIP ### FOLLY FARM Folly FarmZOO (www.folly-farm.co.uk; A478, Begelly; adult/child £11/9.25; h10am-5pm) If your toddler's tolerance for castles and churches is wearing thin, this combination zoo/petting farm/funfair/amusement park could be the antedote. Once they've tired of the pirate ship, dragon playground and ride-on diggers, there's a large menagerie to explore, featuring lemurs, meerkats, monkeys, giraffes, zebras and an excellent penguin enclosure. Folly Farm is 6 miles north of Tenby. ### Tenby (Dinbych-y-Pysgod) Pop 4700 Perched on a headland with sandy beaches on either side, Tenby is a postcard-maker's dream. Houses are painted from the pastel palette of a classic fishing village, interspersed with the white elegance of Georgian mansions. The main part of town is still constrained by its Norman-built walls, funnelling holidaymakers through medieval streets lined with pubs, ice-creameries and gift shops. Without the tackiness of the promenade-and-pier beach towns, it tastefully returns to being a sleepy little place in the off-season. In the summer months it has a boisterous, boozy holiday-resort feel. Tenby flourished in the 15th century as a centre for the textile trade, exporting cloth in exchange for salt and wine. Clothmaking declined in the 18th century, but the town soon reinvented itself as a fashionable watering place, assisted by the coming of the railway in the 19th century. 1Sights Tudor Merchant's HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Quay Hill; adult/child £3.50/1.75; h11am-5pm Wed-Mon Apr-Jul, Sep & Oct, daily Aug, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Mar, Nov & Dec) Tenby's handsomely restored 15th-century Tudor house is set up like it would have been in its heyday, with colourful wall hangings, period-style beds and kitchen implements. The curators have drawn the line at recreating the scent of the open cesspit next to the kitchen though. St Mary's ChurchCHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; High St) The graceful vaulted roof of this 13th-century church is studded with fascinating wooden bosses, mainly dating from the 15th century, carved into flowers, cheeky faces, mythical beasts, fish and even a mermaid holding a comb and mirror. There's a memorial here to Robert Recorde, the 16th-century writer and mathematician who invented the 'equals' sign, along with a confronting cadaver-topped tomb, intended to remind the viewer of their own mortality. The young Henry Tudor – later to become Henry VII – was hidden here before fleeing to Brittany. It's thought that he left by means of a tunnel into the cellars under Mayor Thomas White's house across the road. Tenby Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.tenbymuseum.org.uk; Castle Hill; adult/child £4/3; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, Tue-Sat Nov-Mar) Housed within the ruins of a Norman castle, this museum covers local history (summarised in an interesting short film) and includes paintings by Augustus and Gwen John. Caldey IslandISLAND ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-844453; www.caldey-island.co.uk; adult/child £11/6; hMon-Sat May-Sep, Mon-Fri Apr & Oct) Boat trips run from Tenby harbour to Caldey Island, home to lots of grey seals and seabirds, and a red-topped, whitewashed monastery that houses a community of Cistercian monks. There are great walks around the island, and good views from the lighthouse. Dragon Reptile ExperienceREPTILE HOUSE ( %07970 441346; www.dragonreptiles.co.uk; Brewery Tce, Saundersfoot; adult/child £8/5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, call ahead Nov-Mar) Come face to face with huge snakes, hairy spiders and all sorts of other slippery, creepy and crawly critters during an hour-long hands-on experience. Saundersfoot is 3 miles north of Tenby, about an hour's walk along the coast path. There's also an excellent beach here. 4Sleeping Myrtle HouseHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-842508; www.myrtlehousehoteltenby.com; St Mary's St; s/d £35/70; W) Located just a few metres from the steps down to Castle Beach, this late-Georgian house has eight attractive rooms with en suite bathrooms. The friendly owners serve up good breakfasts (vegetarians are well catered for). St Lawrence Country GuesthouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-849727; www.stlawrencecountryguesthouse.co.uk; Gumfreston; s/d from £50/84; p W) Set in 7.5 hectares of gardens, pasture and woodland, this tranquil B&B offers spacious rooms, refined elegance and wonderful sea views. The guesthouse is 1.5 miles from Tenby, just off the B4318 west of town. Penally AbbeyHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-843033; www.penally-abbey.com; Penally; r £150-188; p W s) Set on a hillside overlooking the sea, this lovely old house offers high ceilings, roaring fires and leather Chesterfields. Rooms in the adjacent Coach House have a more cottagey feel. Penally is 2 miles southwest of Tenby, off the A4139. St Brides Spa HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-812304; www.stbridesspahotel.com; St Brides Hill, Saundersfoot; s/d from £130/160; p i W s) Pembrokeshire's premier spa hotel offers the chance to relax after a massage in a small hydrotherapy pool overlooking the beach, before dining in **Cliff restaurant** (mains £16 to £20). The bedrooms are stylish and modern, in colours that evoke the seaside. It's in Saundersfoot, 3 miles north of Tenby. 5Eating D Fecci & SonsFISH & CHIPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Lower Frog St; mains £4-7; h11.30am-9pm) Eating fish and chips on the beach is a British tradition, and D Fecci & Sons is a Tenby institution, having been in business since 1935. The same family runs the traditional Fecci's Ice Cream Parlour around the corner on St George's St. Blue Ball RestaurantINTERNATIONAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-843038; www.theblueballrestaurant.co.uk; Upper Frog St; mains £12-22; h6-9pm Wed-Sat, 12.30-2.30pm Sun) Polished wood, old timber beams and exposed brickwork create a cosy, rustic atmosphere in what is Tenby's best restaurant. The menu makes good use of local produce, notably seafood. MooringCAFE, BISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-842502; www.themooringtenby.com; 15 High St; lunch £5-8, dinner £14-17; h10.30am-4pm Sun & Mon, to 9pm Tue-Sat) Although it's firmly anchored to the High St, this upmarket but casual eatery drifts breezily from a daytime cafe serving comfort food (sandwiches, cakes, bangers and mash, mac cheese) into a sophisticated bistro after dark. Plantagenet HouseMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-842350; www.plantagenettenby.co.uk; Quay Hill; lunch £9-13, dinner £16-27; hnoon-2.30pm Sat & Sun, 6-10pm Fri & Sat, extended hours in summer) Atmosphere-wise, this place instantly impresses – perfect for a romantic, candle-lit dinner. Tucked down an alley in Tenby's oldest house, it's dominated by an immense 12th-century Flemish hearth. The menu ranges from seafood to organic beef. 8Information National Park CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-845040; www.pembrokeshirecoast.org.uk; South Pde; h9.30am-5pm daily Apr-Sep, 10am-3.30pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01834-842402; www.visitpembrokeshire.com; Upper Park Rd; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat Sep-Jun, daily Jul & Aug) 8Getting There & Away Bus The bus station is next to the tourist office on Upper Park Rd. Buses head to/from Saundersfoot (route 351/352/361/381; £2.10, 13 minutes), Manorbier (349; £3.10, 20 minutes), Pembroke (349; £3.80, 43 minutes), Haverfordwest (349/381; £5.20, 1½ hours) and Narberth (381; £3.75, 42 minutes). National Express coach destinations include Carmarthen (£5.80, 45 minutes), Swansea (£8.60, 1½ hours), Cardiff (£18, 3¼ hours), Birmingham (£40, six hours) and London Victoria (£29, seven hours). Train There are direct services to/from Cardiff (£25, three hours), Swansea (£15, 1¾ hours), Carmarthen (£9, 50 minutes), Narberth (£4.70, 19 minutes) and Pembroke (£5.30, 20 minutes). ### West of Tenby Craggy, lichen-spotted Manorbier Castle (www.manorbiercastle.co.uk; adult/child £5/3; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep) guards a little village of leafy, twisting lanes nestled above a lovely sandy beach, 5.5 miles southwest of Tenby. Manorbier YHA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9031; www.yha.org.uk; site/dm/d £10/16/48; p W) occupies a futuristic ex–Ministry of Defence building, 1.5 miles east of the village centre, on a remote clifftop. Further west, the National Trust's Stackpole Estate (NT; %01646-661359; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; hdawn-dusk) takes in 8 miles of coast, including two fine beaches ( **Barafundle Bay** and **Broad Haven** ), a wooded valley and the **Bosherston Lily Ponds** , a system of artificial lakes famous for their spectacular display of water lilies in summer. From the car park at the end of St Govan's Head road, steps hacked into the rock lead down to tiny **St Govan's Chapel** , wedged into a slot in the cliffs just out of reach of the sea. The chapel dates from the 5th or 6th century, and is named for an itinerant 6th-century Irish preacher. The car park at **Stack Rocks** , 3 miles to the west, gives access to even more spectacular cliff scenery, including the **Green Bridge of Wales** , the biggest natural arch in the country. Unfortunately, this part of the coast lies within an army firing range, so you won't be able to access these sights if the red flags on the access roads are flying. Wild and windblown **Freshwater West** , a 2-mile strand of golden sand and silver shingle backed by acres of dunes, is Wales' best surf beach, sitting wide open to the Atlantic rollers. But beware – although great for surfing, its big waves, powerful rips _and_ quicksand make it dangerous for swimming; several people have drowned here and the beach has year-round red-flag status. Scenes from _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows_ and Ridley Scott's _Robin Hood_ were filmed here. At the southern head of the Milford Haven waterway, the village of **Angle** feels a long way off the beaten track. The main attraction is the tiny beach at **West Angle Bay** , which has great views across the mouth of Milford Haven to St Ann's Head, and offers good coastal walks with lots of rock pools to explore. The Coastal Cruiser bus (www.pembrokeshiregreenways.co.uk; hdaily May-Sep) loops in both directions between Pembroke, Angle, Freshwater West, Bosherston and Stackpole, terminating at Pembroke Dock. ### Carew Carew CastleCASTLE (www.carewcastle.com; adult/child £4.75/3.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) Looming romantically over the River Carew, its gaping windows reflected in the glassy water, craggy Carew Castle is an impressive sight. These rambling limestone ruins range from functional 12th-century fortification to Elizabethan country house. Abandoned in 1690, the castle is now inhabited by a large number of bats. A summer program of events includes re-enactments and open-air theatre. Buses head here from Pembroke Dock (route 361; £3.15, eight minutes), Tenby (360/361; £3.25, 17 minutes) and Saundersfoot (361; £2.65, 34 minutes). The castle ticket also gives you admission to Carew Tidal Mill, the only intact tidal mill in Wales. Near the castle entrance is the 11th-century Carew Cross, one of the grandest of its kind – around 4m tall and covered in psychedelic Celtic squiggles. ### Pembroke (Penfro) Population 7560 Pembroke is not much more than a single street of neat Georgian and Victorian houses sitting beneath a whopping great castle. 1Sights Pembroke CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01646-684585; www.pembrokecastle.co.uk; Main St; adult/child £5/4, guided tours £1.50 May-Aug; h10am-5pm) Spectacular and forbidding Pembroke Castle is the oldest in West Wales. It was the home of the earls of Pembroke for more than 300 years and the birthplace of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. A fort was established here in 1093, but most of the present buildings date from the 12th and 13th centuries. It's a great place for kids to explore – wall walks and passages run from tower to tower, and there are vivid exhibitions detailing the castle's history. Falconry displays and costumed re-enactments are held in summer. Phone ahead for guided tour times. 4Sleeping TregennaB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01646-621525; www.tregennapembroke.co.uk; 7 Upper Lamphey Rd; s/d £50/65; p W) When the treats in the room include a sewing kit, shaving kit, mini toothbrush and toothpaste, bottled water and Welsh cakes, you know you're somewhere special. It's a newly built house, so everything's modern, shiny and crisp. LovesgroveHOTEL ( %01646-687514; www.lovesgrove.com; A477; s/d from £60/70; p W) Is it a small hotel, a large B&B or a particularly upmarket motel? Whatever label you settle on, Lovesgrove is a handsome choice, with large, modern rooms and a rural setting on the main road east of Pembroke Dock. 5Eating oFood at WilliamsCAFE (www.foodatwilliams.co.uk; 18 Main St; mains £5-8; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-3.30pm Sun; W) Pop into this bright, cheerful cafe in the morning for a cooked breakfast, and then again in the afternoon for a glass of wine and Welsh cheese platter on the terrace. Old King's Arms HotelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01646-683611; www.oldkingsarmshotel.co.uk; Main St; mains £14-23) Dark timber beams, ochre walls and polished copperware lend a country kitchen atmosphere to the restaurant here. The locally sourced protein (Welsh lamb, Carmarthen ham) comes accompanied with enough potatoes and vegetables to fill even a Tudor king. ### HALEN MôR oHalen MôrMEDITERRANEAN ( %01646-693017; 2 Agamemnon House, The Quay; lunch £8-12, dinner £12-16; hnoon-2.30pm daily, 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat) The industrial town of Milford Haven needn't trouble your itinerary but if you're passing through, it's well worth stopping in at this little restaurant down by the marina. There's a tapas-style 'bites' menu, ciabatta and wraps for lunch, and interesting mains including daily seafood specials and lots of Greek, Spanish and Moroccan flavours. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-776499; Commons Rd; h10am-5pm Tue, Thu & Fri, to 1pm Wed & Sat; i) 8Getting There & Away Boat Irish Ferries ( %08717-300 500; www.irishferries.com) has two sailings a day on the four-hour route between Pembroke Dock and Rosslare in the southeast of Ireland (car and driver from £79, foot passenger from £35). Bus Bus 349 heads to Tenby (£3.80, 43 minutes) and Haverfordwest (£4.30, 53 minutes), while the Coastal Cruiser loops around Angle, Freshwater West and Stackpole (£2.90). National Express destinations include Carmarthen (£5.80, one hour), Swansea (£8.80, two hours), Cardiff (£18, 3½ hours), Birmingham (£40, 6¼ hours) and London Victoria (£26, 7¼ hours). Train Direct trains run to/from Swansea (£15, two hours), Carmarthen (£9, 1¼ hours), Narberth (£8.10, 45 minutes), Tenby (£5.30, 20 minutes) and Manorbier (£3.40, 11 minutes). ### Marloes Sands & Around The fishing village of **Dale** sits on a rugged and remote peninsula, forming the northern head of the Milford Haven waterway. As you round beautiful **St Ann's Head** , all vestiges of the harbour's heavy industry and, indeed, human habitation disappear from view. Little **Westdale Bay** follows and then the impressive sweep of **Marloes Sands** , with views over tidal **Gateholm Island** – a major Iron Age Celtic settlement where the remains of 130 hut circles have been found. Housed in a group of National Trust–owned farm buildings near the Pembrokeshire Coast Path, Marloes Sands YHA ( %0845 371 9333; www.yha.org.uk; Runwayskiln, Marloes; dm/tw from £21/60; hEaster-Oct; p c) offers a mixture of dorms and private rooms. Around Wooltack Point is **Martin's Haven** , the tiny harbour that is the jumping-off point for boat trips to the Skomer Island and Skokholm Island nature reserves. An unstaffed **information room** here has displays on the marine environment, including touchscreen displays of wildlife activity around Skomer. Look for a 7th-century **Celtic cross** set into the wall outside. Further around the headland the cliffs change from red to black and **Musselwick Sands** comes in to view: a large, sandy beach with plenty of craggy inlets to explore. ### Solva (Solfach) Pop 710 With its colourfully painted cottages, art galleries and inviting pubs, Solva is a North Pembrokeshire gem. Lower Solva sits at the head of a peculiar L-shaped **harbour** , where the water drains away completely at low tide leaving its flotilla of yachts tilted onto the sand. **Clifftop walks** provide wonderful views over the village and surrounding coastline. Buses head to Solva from Marloes (route 400; £3.30, 1½ hours), Martin's Haven (400; £4.05, 1¼ hours), St Davids (400/411; £1.70, 10 minutes) and Haverfordwest (411; £3.05, 30 minutes). ### St Davids (Tyddewi) Pop 1410 Charismatic St Davids (yes, it has dropped the apostrophe from its name) is Britain's smallest city, its status ensured by the magnificent 12th-century cathedral that marks Wales' holiest site. The birth and burial site of the nation's patron saint, St Davids has been a place of pilgrimage for 1500 years. The setting itself has a numinous presence. With the sea just beyond the horizon on three sides, you're constantly surprised by glimpses of it at the ends of streets. Then there are those strangely shaped hills in the distance, sprouting from an ancient landscape. Dewi Sant (St David) founded a monastic community here in the 6th century. In 1124 Pope Calixtus II declared that two pilgrimages to St Davids were the equivalent of one to Rome, and three were equal to one to Jerusalem. The cathedral has seen a constant stream of visitors ever since. Today St Davids attracts hordes of nonreligious pilgrims too, drawn by the laid-back vibe and the excellent hiking, surfing and wildlife-watching in the surrounding area. St Davids 1Top Sights 1St Davids CathedralA1 1Sights 2Bishop's PalaceA1 3Oriel y ParcD2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 4Thousand Islands ExpeditionsB2 5TYF AdventureB2 Voyages of DiscoveryB2 4Sleeping 6Coach HouseC2 7Y GlennyddC1 5Eating 8BishopsB2 9CwtchC2 10SamplerB1 6Drinking & Nightlife 11Farmer's ArmsB2 ### COASTEERING If you fancy a spot of rock climbing, gully scrambling, cave exploration, wave riding and cliff jumping, all rolled together, then try coasteering. More or less conceived on the Pembrokeshire Coast, this demanding activity is the mainstay of the local adventure-sports scene. It's also risky, so take guidance from an instructor. Celtic QuestADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01348-881530; www.celticquest.co.uk; per person from £39) Coasteering specialists, taking to the cliffs near Abereiddy. Preseli VentureADVENTURE SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01348-837709; www.preseliventure.co.uk) S Has its own excellent backpackers lodge near Mathry, between St Davids and Fishguard. Activities include coasteering, sea kayaking, surfing and coastal hiking. TYF AdventureADVENTURE SPORTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-721611; www.tyf.com; 1 High St, St Davids) S Organises coasteering, surfing, sea-kayaking and rock-climbing trips. 1Sights & Activities oSt Davids CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stdavidscathedral.org.uk; suggested donation £3, tours £4; h8.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 12.45-5.30pm Sun) Hidden in a hollow and behind high walls, St Davids Cathedral is intentionally unassuming. The valley site was chosen in the vain hope that the church would be overlooked by Viking raiders, but it was ransacked at least seven times. Yet once you pass through the gatehouse that separates it from the town and its stone walls come into view, it's as imposing as any of its contemporaries. Built on the site of a 6th-century chapel, the building dates mainly from the 12th to the 14th centuries. Extensive works were carried out in the 19th century by Sir George Gilbert Scott (architect of London's Albert Memorial and St Pancras) to stabilise the building. The distinctive **west front** , with its four pointed towers of purple stone, dates from this period. The atmosphere inside is one of great antiquity. As you enter the **nave** , the oldest surviving part of the cathedral, the first things you notice are the sloping floor and the outward lean of the massive, purplish-grey pillars linked by semicircular Norman Romanesque arches, a result of subsidence. Above is a richly carved 16th-century oak ceiling, adorned with pendants and bosses. At the far end of the nave is a delicately carved 14th-century Gothic **pulpitum** (screen), separating it from the magnificent **choir**. Check out the mischievous carved figures on the 16th-century misericords (under the seats), one of which depicts pilgrims being seasick over the side of a boat. Don't forget to look up at the colourfully painted lantern tower above (those steel tie rods around the walls were installed in the 19th century to hold the structure together). Between the choir and the high altar is the object of all those religious pilgrimages – a **shrine** containing the bones of St David and St Justinian. Destroyed during the Reformation, it was restored and rededicated in 2012. Accessed from the north wall of the nave, the **Treasury** displays vestments and religious paraphernalia crafted from precious metals and stones. The St Davids Cathedral Festival starts on the bank holiday weekend at the end of May and continues for 10 days, with classical musicians performing within the hallowed walls. Many other concerts are performed at the cathedral throughout the year. Bishop's PalaceRUIN (Cadw; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £3.50/2.65; h10am-4pm) This atmospheric ruined palace was begun at the same time as the cathedral just across the river, but its final, imposing form owes most to Henry de Gower, bishop from 1327 to 1347. Its most distinctive feature is the arcaded parapet that runs around the courtyard, decorated with a chequerboard pattern of purple and yellow stone blocks. The corbels that support the arches are richly adorned with a menagerie of carved figures. The palace courtyard provides a spectacular setting for open-air plays in summer. Oriel y ParcGALLERY (Landscape Gallery; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720392; www.orielyparc.co.uk; High St; h10am-4.30pm) Occupying a bold, semicircular, environmentally friendly building on the edge of town, this gallery is a winning collaboration between the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority and the National Museum Wales. Not only does it function as a tourist office and national park visitor centre, it houses changing exhibitions from the museum's art collection. St Non's Bay RUIN, CHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) Immediately south of St Davids, this is a ruggedly beautiful spot, named after St David's mother and traditionally accepted as his birthplace. A path leads down to the 13th-century **ruins of** **St Non's Chapel**. Only the base of the walls remains, along with a stone marked with a cross within a circle, believed to date from the 7th century. Standing stones in the surrounding field suggest that the chapel may have been built within an ancient pagan stone circle. On the approach to the ruins is a pretty little holy well. The spring is said to have emerged at the moment of the saint's birth and the water is believed to have curative powers. Nearby, the Catholic **Chapel of Our Lady and St Non** was built in 1935 out of the stones of ruined religious buildings. Its dimensions echo those of the original chapel. Ramsey Island WILDLIFE RESERVE S Ramsey Island lies off the headland to the west of St Davids, ringed by dramatic sea cliffs and an offshore armada of rocky islets and reefs. The island is a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserve, famous for its large breeding population of choughs – members of the crow family with glossy black feathers and distinctive red bills and legs – and for its grey seals. You can reach the island by boat from the tiny harbour at St Justinian's, 2 miles west of St Davids. Longer boat trips run up to 20 miles offshore, to the edge of the Celtic Deep, to spot whales, porpoises and dolphins. What you'll see depends on the weather and the time of year: July to September are the best months, although seabirds are at their most numerous from April to July. Porpoises are seen on most trips, dolphins on four out of five, and there's a 40% chance of seeing whales. The most common species is the minke, but pilot whales, fin whales and orcas have also been spotted. Thousand Islands Expeditions ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-721721; www.thousandislands.co.uk; Cross Sq) is the only operator permitted to land day trippers on the island (adult/child £17/8.50). It has a range of other boat trips, including 2½-hour whale- and dolphin-spotting cruises (£60/30) and one-hour jet-boat trips (£25/12). Voyages of Discovery ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-721911; www.ramseyisland.co.uk; 1 High St; hApr-Oct) offers a similar selection of cruises, without the island landings. For a racier experience, try Venture Jet ( %01348-8377764; www.venturejet.co.uk; hApr-Oct), which bills itself as a 'New Zealand jet, Pembrokeshire-style'. Trips range from the 90-minute Ramsey Island Adventure (adult/child £26/14) to a 3½-hour Offshore Adventure (£64/38). 4Sleeping St Davids YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9141; www.yha.org.uk; Llaethdy; dm/r £22/52; hApr-Oct; p W c) If you're an enthusiastic walker or you have your own transport, this former farmhouse tucked beneath Carn Llidi, 2 miles northwest of town, is a wonderful option. The cow sheds now house snug dorms and twins, and an inviting communal kitchen. Caerfai Bay Caravan & Tent Park CAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720274; www.caerfaibay.co.uk; 2-person sites from £15; hMar-Nov; p i W) A 15-minute walk south of St Davids, this large campsite has good facilities and exceptional views across St Brides Bay. Ramsey HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720321; www.ramseyhouse.co.uk; Lower Moor; r £105-115; p W) The young owners have fashioned a boutique-style B&B from their new house on the outskirts of the little city. The six rooms feature bold wallpaper, matching chandeliers and stylish bathrooms. Coach HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720632; www.thecoachhouse.biz; 15 High St; s/d from £55/80; W) The bright, simple rooms are just part of the Coach House's appeal. Friendly and helpful hosts, excellent breakfasts and its central location all conspire to make it one of St Davids' better options. Y GlennyddB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720576; www.yglennydd.co.uk; 51 Nun St; s/d from £45/70; W) Mixing maritime memorabilia and antique oak furniture, this 10-room guesthouse has smallish bedrooms and a cosy lounge bar. The cheapest double room has a private bathroom entered from the corridor. 5Eating & Drinking SamplerCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sampler-tearoom.co.uk; 17 Nun St; cakes £2-3; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Wed Mar-Nov) Named after the embroidery samples blanketing the walls, this may be the perfect exemplar of the traditional Welsh tearoom. Pembrokeshire Clotted Cream Tea (£6.30) comes served with freshly baked scones and _bara brith_ (a rich fruit tea-loaf). BishopsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebish.co.uk; 22-23 Cross Sq; mains £7-19; h11am-midnight; W) A friendly, rambling pub full of locals, walkers and blow-ins, this place serves tasty pub grub with a smile. There's a roaring fire in winter, a decent pint on offer and great views of the cathedral from the beer garden. CwtchMODERN WELSH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720491; www.cwtchrestaurant.co.uk; 22 High St; 2-/3-courses £22/26; h6-9.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun, daily high season, closed Jan–mid-Feb) Stone walls and wooden beams mark this out as a sense-of-occasion place, yet there's a snugness that lives up to its name ( _cwtch_ means a 'cosy place' or a 'cuddle'). There's an emphasis on local produce, so expect plenty of fresh seafood on the menu. Farmer's ArmsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.farmersstdavids.co.uk; 14 Goat St; h4pm-midnight Mon-Fri, 11.30am-midnight Sat & Sun) Even though St Davids is a bit of a tourist trap, you'd be hard-pressed finding a more authentic country pub. There's real ale and Guinness on tap, and it's the place to be when the rugby's playing. 8Information National Park Visitor Centre & Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720392; www.orielyparc.co.uk; High St; h9.30am-5pm) Located at Oriel y Parc. National Trust Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-720385; High St; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Dec, Mon-Sat Jan-Mar) Sells local-interest books and guides to National Trust properties. 8Getting There & Around Public transport is limited, especially on Sundays and in winter. Buses head to Haverfordwest (route 342/411; £3.30, 40 minutes), Solva (400/411; £1.70, 10 minutes), Porthgain (404/413; £2.35, 25 minutes), Fishguard (400/404/413; £3.70, one hour) and Newport (404; £4.70, 1½ hours). ## 2Walking Tour Whitesands to Porthgain **Start** Whitesands **End** Porthgain **Length** 10 miles; four to six hours Covering a beautiful but remote stretch of coast from popular Whitesands Bay near St Davids to the historic port of Porthgain, this rewarding walk takes you over rugged headlands and past dramatic cliffs, pretty coves and flooded quarries. It's a taxing route with several steep descents and ascents but it's well worth the effort. Bring provisions, as it's a long way between villages. Start out at the busy surfer hang-out 1 **Whitesands Bay** and head northwest onto wild and rocky St Davids Head. The start of the route is fairly easy with a good path, wide open views and craggy volcanic outcrops to admire. The only signs of human habitation here are ancient, with the simple 2 **neolithic burial chamber** on the headland predating the surrounding remnants of Celtic forts. The path soon becomes more rugged with a rock scramble down to and up from the lovely little cove at 3 **Aber-pwll**. Continue on past crumbling cliffs to 4 **Abereiddi** , looking out for seals in the coves, gannets and possibly porpoises diving for fish out at sea. The beach at Abereiddi is famous for its black sand full of tiny fossils. Ruined quarry buildings and slate workers' cottages flank the path beyond the beach that leads to the 5 **Blue Lagoon** , a deep turquoise flooded slate quarry now popular with coasteerers and, in early September, cliff divers from all over the world who compete here, diving 27m into the icy water below. The half-hour walk from Abereiddi to Porthgain is one of the best stretches along the entire coast path, following a clifftop plateau past the often-deserted beach at 6 **Traeth Llyfn**. A long flight of steep metal stairs leads down to the golden sand, but beware of strong undercurrents and the tide, which can cut off parts of the beach from the steps. Continue on for the last descent into the tiny harbour of 7Porthgain, where you can reward yourself with some superb food or a drink at the pub. ### Porthgain Pop 30 For centuries the tiny harbour of Porthgain consisted of little more than a few sturdy cottages wedged into a rocky cove. In the mid-19th century it began to prosper as the port for shipping slate quarried just down the coast at Abereiddy, and by the 1870s its own deposits of granite and fine clay had put it on the map as a source of building stone. The post-WWI slump burst the bubble, and the sturdy stone quays and overgrown brick storage 'bins' are all that remain. Despite having been an industrial harbour, Porthgain is surprisingly picturesque and today it is home to a couple of art galleries and restaurants. 4Sleeping & Eating oOld School HostelHOSTEL ( %01348-831800; www.theoldschoolhostel.co.uk; Ffordd-yr-Afon, Trefin; dm/s/d from £16/21/36; p W c) S Set in a converted school, this is an exemplar of the new breed of independent, brightly painted, personably run backpackers, with six appealing little rooms. It's in the village of Trefin, 2 miles east of Porthgain. ShedSEAFOOD ( %01348-831518; www.theshedporthgain.co.uk; mains £10-17; h10am-9pm Mon & Wed-Sat, to 5pm Tue & Sun, extended in summer) Housed in a converted machine shop right by the little harbour, the Shed describes itself as a 'fish and chip bistro', which nicely understates the quality of the local seafood served. Sloop InnPUB ( %01348-831449; www.sloop.co.uk; mains £7-21; h11.30am-9.30pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-9.30pm Sat & Sun; W) With wooden tables worn smooth by many a bended elbow, old photos of Porthgain in its industrial heyday and interesting nautical clutter all over the place, the Sloop is a cosy and deservedly popular pub. The hearty home-cooked meals will satisfy even the hungriest Coast Path walker. 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from St Davids (route 404/413; £2.35, 25 minutes), Abereiddy (404; £1.40, 11 minutes), Trevin (404/413; £1.20, seven minutes), Fishguard (404/413; £3.50, 50 minutes) and Newport (404; £4.20, one hour). #### WORTH A TRIP ### MELIN TREGWYNT Melin TregwyntMILL ( %01348-891288; www.melintregwynt.co.uk; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4.30pm Sun) For more than 100 years the same family has run this traditional woollen mill that churns out some of Wales' best blankets, cushions and upholstery fabrics. New designs have brought the traditional weaves bang up to date and the full range now includes clothing, bags and lampshades, all of which are on display in the mill shop. You can see the looms and giant water wheel in action on weekdays, and there's a small cafe on-site. It's near Abermawr; follow the signs from the A487. ### Fishguard (Abergwaun) Pop 3420 Perched on a headland between its modern ferry port and former fishing harbour, Fishguard is often overlooked by travellers, most of whom pass through on the way to or from Ireland. It doesn't have any sights as such, but it's an appealing little town and was the improbable setting for the last foreign invasion of Britain. Fishguard is split into three distinct areas. The main town is centred on Market Sq, where the buses stop. To the east is the picturesque harbour of the Lower Town (Y Cwm), which was used as a setting for the 1971 film version of _Under Milk Wood_. The train station and ferry terminal lie a mile to the northwest of the town centre in Goodwick. Much that goes on in Fishguard happens in the Town Hall on Market Sq. The tourist office is here, as is the library (handy for free internet access) and the market hall. It hosts a general market on Thursday mornings and a farmers market on Saturday mornings. ### THE LAST INVASION OF BRITAIN While Hastings in 1066 may get all the press, the last invasion of Britain was actually at Carregwastad Point, northwest of Fishguard, on 22 February 1797. The ragtag collection of 1400 French mercenaries and bailed convicts had intended to land at Bristol and march to Liverpool, keeping English troops occupied while France mounted an invasion of Ireland. Bad weather blew them ashore at Carregwastad, where, after scrambling up a steep cliff, they set about looting for food and drink. The invaders had hoped that the Welsh peasants would rise up to join them in revolutionary fervour but, not surprisingly, their drunken pillaging didn't endear them to the locals. The French were quickly seen off by volunteer 'yeoman' soldiers, with help from the people of Fishguard including, most famously, one Jemima Nicholas who, armed with a pitchfork, single-handedly captured 12 mercenaries. 1Sights & Activities Last Invasion GalleryEXHIBITION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Library, Market Sq; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 1pm Sat Oct-Mar) F Inspired by the Bayeux Tapestry, which recorded the 1066 Norman invasion at Hastings, the Fishguard Tapestry was commissioned in 1997 to commemorate the bicentenary of the failed Fishguard invasion. It uses a similar cartoonish style as Bayeux's (albeit with less rude bits) and tells the story in the course of 37 frames and 30m of cloth. A film about its making demonstrates what a huge undertaking it was. Kayak-KingKAYAKING ( %07967 010203; www.kayak-king.com; tour £45) Twice-daily sea-kayaking tours, tailored to either family groups or adults. Mike Mayberry KayakingKAYAKING ( %01348-874699; www.mayberrykayaking.co.uk; hMay-Sep) Offers sea-kayaking tours for families and active adults. 4Sleeping oManor Town HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01348-873260; www.manortownhouse.com; 11 Main St; s/d from £65/85; W) This graceful Georgian house has a lovely garden terrace where you can sit and gaze over the harbour. The young owners are charm personified and the house has been tastefully renovated. PentowerB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01348-874462; www.pentower.co.uk; Tower Hill; s/d from £50/80; p) Built by Sir Evan Jones, the architect who designed the harbour, this rambling home is perched on a hill at the edge of town, overlooking his creation. The house is pretty and unassuming, apart from the grand tiled atrium. Rooms are spacious and romantic. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01437-776636; www.visitpembrokeshire.com; Market Sq, Town Hall; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri; i) 8Getting There & Away Boat Stena LineFERRY ( %08447 707070; www.stenaline.co.uk; car & driver from £79; foot passenger £30) Has two regular ferries a day, year-round, between Rosslare in the southeast of Ireland and Fishguard Harbour. Bus Buses head to/from St Davids (route 400/404/413; £3.70, one hour), Porthgain (404/413; £3.50, 50 minutes), Newport (404/405/412; £2.45, 15 minutes), Haverfordwest (343/344/412; £3.40, 30 minutes) and Cardigan (405/412; £3.75, 1¼ hours). Train Direct trains run to Fishguard Harbour from Cardiff (£25, 2½ hours), Swansea (£15, two hours) and Carmarthen (£9.20, 55 minutes). ### Newport (Trefdraeth) Pop 850 In stark contrast to the industrial city of Newport near the English border, the Pembrokeshire Newport is a pretty cluster of flower-bedecked cottages huddled beneath a small, privately owned Norman **castle**. It sits at the foot of **Mynydd Carningli** (347m), a large bump on the seaward side of the Preseli Hills. Newport makes a pleasant base for walks along the coastal path or south into the Preseli Hills, but it does get crowded in summer. At the northwest corner of the town is little **Parrog Beach** , dwarfed by **Newport Sands** (Traeth Mawr) across the river. Right in town there's a little dolmen **Carreg Coetan Arthur** , which is well signposted from the main road just past the Golden Lion. At first glance it looks like its capstone is securely supported by four standing stones. A closer inspection suggests that some old magic has held it together all these thousands of years, as it's balanced on only two of them. The back roads around the Preseli Hills and Cwm Gwaun offer some of the best on-road cycling in southwest Wales. Mountain-bikers will find plenty of enjoyment on the ridges and bridleways. 4Sleeping & Eating oCnapanB&B ( %01239-820575; www.cnapan.co.uk; East St; s/d £65/95, 2-/3-courses £26/32; hrestaurant 6.30-9pm Wed-Mon; p W) Light-filled rooms and a flower-filled garden are offered at this listed Georgian town house above an accomplished restaurant. If you're game enough for the floral wallpaper, ask for room 4 – it's bigger. The dining room offers candlelight and crisp white linen tablecloths, but the service is friendly and relaxed. Llys MeddygB&B ( %01239-820008; www.llysmeddyg.com; East St; s/d from £100/120, mains £17-20; hrestaurant 6.30-9.30pm Wed-Sun; W c #) This converted doctor's residence takes contemporary big-city cool and plonks it firmly by the seaside. Bedrooms are large and bright and decked out in an unassuming but stylish manner. The restaurant is superb, with the seasonal menu reflecting the best of local produce. Golden LionPUB ( %01239-820321; www.goldenlionpembrokeshire.co.uk; East St; s/d £70/90, mains £11-16; p W c) Sunny decor and pine furniture make for a warm atmosphere in this appealing country pub. In contrast to the modern bedrooms, there's a snug traditional bar with log fire and low ceilings downstairs, serving real ales and good-quality meals. Lou Lou'sCAFE (www.loulouscafenewport.com; Market St; mains £8; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) This friendly little cafe offers a range of organic soups, salads, baguettes, tarts and the obligatory indulgent cakes. It's a wonderfully relaxed place with cheerful service. 8Information National Park Information Centre & Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01239-820912; Long St; h10am-3.30pm Mon, Wed, Fri & Sat, extended hours in summer) 8Getting There & Away Buses head to/from St Davids (route 404; £4.70, 1½ hours), Porthgain (404; £4.20, one hour), Fishguard (404/405/412; £2.45, 15 minutes), Cardigan (412; £3.35, 29 minutes) and Haverfordwest (412; £4.05, 50 minutes). #### WORTH A TRIP ### CASTELL HENLLYS IRON AGE FORT Castell Henllys HISTORIC SITE (www.castellhenllys.com; Felindre Farchog; adult/child £4.75/3.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 3pm Nov-Mar) If you've ever wondered what a Celtic village looked, felt and smelt like, take a trip back in time to Castell Henllys, 4 miles east of Newport. From about 600 BC and right through the Roman occupation there was a thriving Celtic settlement here, and the whole thing has been reconstructed on its original foundations. Costumed staff bring the site to life, stoking the fires and performing traditional crafts. ### Preseli Hills (Mynydd Preseli) The only upland area in Pembrokeshire Coast National Park – rising to a height of 536m at Foel Cwmcerwyn – the Preseli Hills are at the centre of a fascinating prehistoric landscape. Scattered with hill forts, standing stones and burial chambers, the area is famous as the source of the mysterious bluestones of Stonehenge. The largest dolmen in Wales, **Pentre Ifan** , can be found here. This 4500-year-old burial chamber is set on a remote hillside 3 miles southeast of Newport (signposted from the A487). The 5m-long capstone, weighing more than 16 tonnes, is delicately poised on three tall, pointed, upright bluestones. # Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales #### Cardigan (Aberteifi) #### Aberystwyth #### Devil's Bridge #### Black Mountain (Mynydd Du) & Fforest Fawr #### Brecon (Aberhonddu) & Around #### Crickhowell (Crughywel) #### Abergavenny (Y Fenni) #### Black Mountains (Y Mynyddoedd Duon) #### Hay-on-Wye (Y Gelli Gandryll) #### Llanwrtyd Wells (Llanwrtyd) #### Llandrindod Wells (Llandrindod) #### Rhayader (Rhaeadr Gwy) #### Presteigne (Llanandras) #### Knighton (Tref-Y-Clawdd) #### Newtown (Y Drenewydd) #### Montgomery #### Machynlleth # Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales ### Why Go? The big draw here is the magnificent upland scenery of Brecon Beacons National Park, with book-loving Hay-on-Wye within its confines and food-loving Abergavenny on its doorstep. By contrast the Powys countryside is Wales at its most rural – a landscape of lustrous green fields, wooded river valleys and small market towns; it's the part that the Industrial Revolution missed. Isolated, sea-battered Ceredigion is home to some of country's most unspoiled beaches, as well as the exuberant hot spot of Aberystwyth. Thrills can be found outside urban areas along lonely trails in the hills and valleys, and on two wheels down narrow country lanes. Central Wales is thoroughly Welsh, with around 40% of people speaking the mother tongue – and more than 50% in Ceredigion. ### When to Go If you're planning on walking, you'll get the most rain-free days between April and July; July and August are generally the warmest months. In May and June, the world's intelligentsia heads to Hay for its literary festival and for philosophy and music at HowTheLightGetsIn. In August, cap off the Green Man and Brecon Jazz music festivals with a spot of bog snorkelling. As the weather starts to cool, fill up at the Abergavenny Food Festival in September, and earn your laurel wreath in Llanwrtyd Wells' mountain-bike chariot race in January. ### Best Places to Eat ACheckers AHardwick AFelin Fach Griffin ASt John's Place AUltracomida ### Best Hikes APen-y-Fan AYsgyryd Fawr ASugar Loaf ACrug Hywell AFan Brycheiniog ## Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales Highlights 1 Soaking up the tranquillity of the remote Vale of Ewyas in the Black Mountains 2 Experiencing charming Hay-on-Wye, a town surrounded by nature but infatuated with books 3 Conquering blustery Pen-y-Fan peak in the heart of the Brecon Beacons 4 Admiring the treasures of India and the sculptured yew paths of Powis Castle 5 Gazing up at Carreg Cennen, Wales' most dramatically positioned fortress 6 Revelling in the high culture and student-inspired high jinks that come together by the seaside at Aberystwyth 7 Exploring a countryside seasoned with Wales' best restaurants in the fields around Abergavenny 8 Reliving the age of steam with a scenic ride to Devil's Bridge on the Vale of Rheidol Railway 2Activities The Brecon Beacons National Park is the focus for hiking and mountain biking (www.mtbbreconbeacons.co.uk) but Mid-Wales offers numerous other opportunities for outdoor activities. Walkers can follow the region's main long-distance routes – Offa's Dyke Path and Glyndŵr's Way national trails – for anything from a couple of hours to a couple of weeks. Touring cyclists can enjoy the quiet lanes and back roads that crisscross the countryside, and there are many opportunities for off-road cycling as well. Rivers for canoeing include the Wye and Usk, while the coast of Cardigan Bay is the place for sailing and sea kayaking. 8Getting There & Around The region's main road artery is the A470 between the Brecon Beacons and Snowdonia. On other roads, expect to be stuck behind farm tractors and slow-moving trucks; just relax, slow down and enjoy the view. The main railway is the Cambrian Line between Birmingham and Aberystwyth via Shrewsbury and Machynlleth, and the scenic Heart of Wales Line (www.heart-of-wales.co.uk) skirts the Brecon Beacons. Trying to get anywhere by public bus on a Sunday can be a fool's errand. Most local buses operate Monday to Saturday only, so plan your journey in advance with Traveline Cymru (www.traveline-cymru.info). ## Ceredigion Bordered by Cardigan Bay to the west, buffeted by gun-metal waves and separated from Powys to the east by the barren uplands of the Cambrian Mountains, Ceredigion is one of the most sparsely populated parts of Wales. The Welsh language is strong here, kept alive in rural communities, fishing villages and in Aberystwyth, Wales' esteemed centre of learning. Inland from the rugged cliffs and the clean, isolated beaches, waterfalls and abbey ruins beckon travellers willing to get lost in the maze of narrow country lanes. ### Cardigan (Aberteifi) Pop 4180 Cardigan's present sedate state belies its past greatness – it was the site of the first ever eisteddfod in 1176 and was a busy seaport in the 18th and 19th centuries. The eisteddfod tradition looks set to be revived in the renovated castle, however, and the town makes a good base for coastal walkers. Cardigan's biggest attractions are DIY walks; it's the start of both the **Pembrokeshire Coast Path national trail** (nt.pcnpa.org.uk) and the **Ceredigion Coast Path** (www.ceredigioncoastpath.org.uk), which, in turn, are both part of the Wales Coast Path. Both trails make for good multiday walks; pick up maps at Cardigan's well-stocked tourist office. 1Sights oCardigan CastleCASTLE (Castell Aberteifi; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01239-615131; www.cardigancastle.com; 2 Green St) Cardigan Castle holds an important place in Welsh culture as the venue for the first competitive National Eisteddfod, held in 1176 under the aegis of Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffydd. Intensive restoration work was taking place at Cardigan Castle when we visited. There will be a permanent exhibition on the eisteddfod once it re-opens in 2015, and regular guided tours. Mwnt ChurchCHURCH (www.friendsofmwntchurch.co.uk) Five miles of winding country lanes lead you from Cardigan to this tiny, whitewashed church overlooking Cardigan Bay. It's the oldest church in the region, dating back to the 13th century. It's reasonably well signposted from the roundabout just north of Cardigan. GuildhallMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.guildhall-cardigan.co.uk; High St; hMon-Sat) The neo-Gothic Guildhall (1860) is home to Cardigan Market, which sells everything from antiques to local cheeses and handicrafts. 4Sleeping & Eating Poppit Sands YHAHOSTEL ( %0845-371 9037; www.yha.org.uk; dm £19, r with/without bathroom £47/42; hdaily Jul & Aug, Tue-Sat Sep-Jun; p) Reached by the narrowest road imaginable, this hostel is tucked into a hillside overlooking a Blue Flag beach, 4 miles northwest of town. It makes a great base for cycling ventures along the disused railway that follows the river, plus trails near nearby Fishguard and Tregarron, and for water sports in nearby St Davids. There's a well-equipped guest kitchen. oFforest CampCAMPSITE ( %01239-623751; www.coldatnight.co.uk; Cilgerran; per 3-night stay from £300; #) Perched on the edge of Teifi Marshes Nature Reserve, 2 miles south of Cardigan, just off the A478, Fforest's large nomad tents, threepis, geodesic domes, camp-shacks and crofters' cottages are a study in how to get close to nature without giving up your creature comforts. Cooking facilities are included and active adventures are organised on land and water. Ty-Parc B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01239-615452; www.ty-parc.com; Park Ave; s/d £50/65; p W) Appealing Edwardian house on the western edge of town, featuring five bright en suite rooms decked out in cream shades, with thoughtful touches such as radios in the showers, and fresh flowers. o25 MileMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01239-623625; www.the25mile.com; 1 Pendre; mains £8-16; h10am-9pm Mon-Sat; v #) S All main ingredients at this 'local eating house' come from within a 25-mile radius, and the menu uses its seasonal produce in simple, beautifully crafted dishes that really hit the spot. The 25 Mile is an informal, friendly place where dog-walkers and families mingle, brought together by what is hands-down the best food in town. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01239-613230; www.discoverceredigion.co.uk; Bath House Rd; h10am-5pm) In the lobby of the Theatr Mwldan. 8Getting There & Around Hire bikes from New Image Bicycles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01239-621275; www.bikebikebike.co.uk; 29-30 Pendre; per half-day/day £14/20; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat). Bus routes include X50 to Aberystwyth (£5.35, 1¾ hours); 407 to Poppit Sands (£1.50, 15 minutes); and 412 to Newport (£3.35, 29 minutes), Fishguard (£3.75, 45 minutes) and Haverfordwest (£4.90, 1½ hours). ### Aberystwyth Pop 18,090 Hemmed in between two rocky heads – Pen Dinas and Constitution Hill – and skirted by a long stretch of pebbled beach, compact and cosmopolitan Aberystwyth ('Aber' to its friends) is one of Wales' prettiest towns. Its long promenade is lined with pastel-coloured Georgian buildings. Aberystwyth is distinguished by the presence of its prestigious university and a correspondingly youthful vibe. It also has a strong Welsh heritage and a rebellious spirit: the now-ruined castle on the rocky headland was once occupied by national hero Owain Glyndŵr in defiance of the English. The town's history, coupled with its lively nightlife, dining scene and spectacular natural setting make Aberystwyth an essential stop along the Ceredigion coast. Aberystwyth 1Sights 1Ceredigion MuseumC1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 2Vale of Rheidol RailwayD3 4Sleeping 3Glyn GarthA4 4Gwesty CymruC2 5Maes-y-MôrC1 5Eating 6BaravinC1 7UltracomidaB2 6Drinking & Nightlife 8AcademyB3 9Ship & CastleB3 1Sights National Library of WalesLIBRARY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-632800; www.llgc.org.uk; A487; h9.30am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat) F One of the UK's six copyright libraries, the National Library holds an ever-increasing (by 100-plus crates per week!) collection of written material. The **Hengwrt Room** houses the Welsh literary Holy Grail – the 13th-century _Tintern Abbey Bible_ and the Four Ancient Books, one of which is the 12th-century _Black Book of Carmarthen_ (the oldest existing Welsh poetry collection). The World of Books exhibition charts the history of the written word in Wales, while the Gregynog Gallery features temporary displays. Constitution HillHILL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) Constitution Hill rises from the northern end of the seafront Promenade and on a clear day you can see the Llŷn Peninsula from its blustery top. On the hilltop is a Victorian **camera obscura** (£1) – the world's largest – that allows you to spy on the people of Aberystwyth. If your, ahem, constitution is not up to walking up the hill, the 1896 cliff railway (Rheilffordd y Graig; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-617642; www.aberystwythcliffrailway.co.uk; Cliff Tce; adult/child one-way £3/2, return £4/2.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, shorter hours Nov-Mar) can carry you up. Albeit very, very slowly. Ceredigion MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-633088; http://museum.ceredigion.gov.uk; Terrace Rd; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep, noon-4.30pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) F This Edwardian former music hall houses entertaining displays devoted to Aberystwyth's history. Exhibits include anything from Roman coins, farming equipment and knitted woollen knickers to Victorian fashion and the famous _Salem_ painting, in which the face of the Devil is said to be hiding in the old lady's shawl. 2Activities oVale of Rheidol RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (Rheilffordd Cwm Rheidol; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-625819; www.rheidolrailway.co.uk; Park Ave; adult/child return £18/6; hup to 5 daily Feb-Dec) Old steam locomotives (built between 1923 and 1938), formerly laden with lead and timber, have been lovingly restored by volunteers. They chug for almost 12 miles high above the picturesque valley of the River Rheidol to Devil's Bridge in a cloud of coal smoke. The trip lasts an hour each way; check the timetable online. Ystwyth TrailCYCLING, WALKING Suitable for cyclists and walkers, this 20-mile waymarked route starts from the footbridge on Riverside Tce. It follows for the most part an old rail line from Aberystwyth southeast to Tregaron, at the foot of the Cambrian Mountains. For the first 12 miles it shadows the River Ystwyth, and at the end it enters the Teifi Valley. 4Sleeping & Eating Maes-y-MôrGUESTHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-639270; www.maesymor.co.uk; 25 Bath St; s/d £35/55; W) Yes, that is a launderette. But don't be fooled: venture upstairs from the drying machine and you will find clean, bright, inviting rooms and a warm welcome. Breakfast is not included but there's a kitchen for guest use. A lockable shed is available for bicycles. Gwesty CymruHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-612252; www.gwestycymru.com; 19 Marine Tce; s/d from £80/100, mains £13-19, 2-course Sunday lunch from £16; W) This gem of a hotel is a character-filled boutique property with eight stylish, homely rooms (though outside noise can be an issue in room 7). Local slate features throughout, and the elegant little restaurant downstairs serves imaginative dishes such as gingerbread-crusted lamb. Glyn GarthB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-615050; www.glyngarth.pages.qpg.com; South Rd; s/d from £33/66; W) A stone's throw from the sea (literally), this friendly B&B is a boon for budget-conscious and solo travellers. Chintzy decor aside, all rooms are cosy and spotless; cheaper rooms share facilities. A full cooked breakfast is thrown in. oUltracomidaTAPAS, DELI ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-630686; www.ultracomida.co.uk; 31 Pier St; tapas £5-6.70; h10am-5pm Mon, to 9pm Tue-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; v) Perch at one of the immense communal tables at this deli-cum-tapas-bar and sample the love children of Cymru and España: authentic _fábada Asturiana_ (savoury bean and smoked meat stew) _,_ Welsh rarebit, meatballs, _patatas bravas_ (fried cubes potatoes and sauce) and deli platters featuring Spanish and Welsh cold cuts and cheeses. Chase down all this bounty with a wide range of Spanish wines, Asturian and Welsh ciders, and real ales. BaravinITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.baravin.co.uk; Llys y Brenin, Terrace Rd; mains £8-13; h10am-late Mon-Sat ; W) This busy, buzzy bistro serves Italian food with Welsh touches, such as pizza with Penlan pulled belly pork, and vermicelli with locally sourced clams and cockles. Not hungry? Prop up at the horseshoe-shaped bar with a pint of real ale or an imaginative cocktail-of-the-week. 6Drinking Thanks to its large student population, during term time you may find yourself sharing a bar with a bunch of toga-clad Romans or cross-dressed schoolgirls. AcademyBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Great Darkgate St; hnoon-1am Sun-Fri, to 2am Sat) This former chapel has a mezzanine supported by slender cast-iron columns and red lights illuminating a wooden staircase leading to an eagle-fronted pulpit. Most importantly, it serves cask ales and ciders. Ship & CastlePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.shipandcastle.co.uk; 1 High St; h2pm-midnight) Cosy and welcoming 1830 pub, with sports on the big screen and a respectable selection of real ales on tap. 3Entertainment Aberystwyth Arts CentreTHEATRE (Canolfan Y Celfyddydau; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-623232; www.aberystwythartscentre.co.uk; Penglais Rd) Stages opera, drama, dance and concerts. There's also a cinema, a contemporary pottery and sculpture gallery, bar and cafe. The centre is on the Penglais university campus. Aberystwyth Male Voice ChoirTRADITIONAL MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.aberchoir.co.uk; Plascrug Ave) Rehearses at the Aberystwyth Rugby Club from 7pm to 8.30pm most Thursdays. 8Information Bronglais HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-623131; Caradoc Rd) Emergency services. Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01970-612125; www.tourism.ceredigion.gov.uk; Terrace Rd; h10am-5pm; W) Below the Ceredigion Museum. 8Getting There & Away Bus Routes include the T2 to Bangor (£5.40, 3½ hours, two to three daily) via Machynlleth (£4.25, 45 minutes, three to seven daily), Dolgellau (£4.75, 1¼ hours, three to seven daily) and Porthmadog (£5.40, 2¼ hours, two to four daily); and the twice-daily 701 to Carmarthen (£7.80, 1¾ hours), Swansea (£11, 2¾ hours) and Cardiff (£16.50, four hours). A daily National Express coach heads to/from Welshpool (£12, 1¾ hours), Shrewsbury (£15, 2¼ hours), Birmingham (£30, four hours) and London Victoria (£34, 6¾ hours). Train Aberystwyth is the terminus of the Cambrian Line, which crosses Mid-Wales every two hours en route to Birmingham (£28.80, 3½ hours) via Machynlleth (£6.20, 45 minutes), Welshpool (£14.20, 1¾ hours) and Shrewsbury (£19.20, 2¼ hours). #### WORTH A TRIP ### STRATA FLORIDA ABBEY Strata Florida AbbeyRUIN (Cadw; Abaty Ystrad Fflur; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; B4343; adult/child £3.50/2.65; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, unattended & free other months) This ruined Cistercian abbey sits in splendid isolation. To get here, head a mile down a rural road from the village of Pontrhydfendigaid, which is on the B4343, 15 miles southeast of Aberystwyth or 9 miles south of Devil's Bridge. Founded in 1164, the abbey's best-preserved remnant is an arched doorway, decorated with maze-like lines of stone. At the rear of the site, two chapels still have some of their 14th-century tiling, and Welsh chieftains are seeing out eternity in graves found in a small enclosure. This monastery was once a hub of activity: the industrious monks ran a lead mine, a sheep farm and corn mills; grew wheat; produced peat; and bred freshwater fish. ### Devil's Bridge Mysterious Devil's Bridge (www.devilsbridgefalls.co.uk; adult/child £3.50/2) spans the Rheidol Valley on the lush western slopes of Plynlimon Fawr (752m), source of the Rivers Wye and Severn. Here the Rivers Mynach and Rheidol tumble together in a narrow gorge. The Mynach is spanned by three stone bridges, stacked on top of each other. The lowest and oldest is believed to have been built by the monks of Strata Florida Abbey before 1188. It's one of many bridges associated with an arcane legend that involves the devil building the bridge on the condition that he gets the first thing to cross it. An old lady outwits the devil by throwing some food over, which her dog chases and everybody's happy – except the devil and, presumably, the dog. Just above the confluence, the Rheidol drops 90m in a series of spectacular waterfalls. Punch Bowl, a steep 10-minute circuit (£1), takes in the bridges and an emerald pool. The Waterfalls & Nature Trail (£2) is a 40-minute loop through striking hilly countryside, with viewpoints overlooking the 300ft falls en route and an almost vertical descent of 100 steps (Jacob's Ladder). The Vale of Rheidol Railway heads to Devil's Bridge from Aberystwyth, as does the 18-mile Rheidol Cycle Trail. ## Brecon Beacons National Park Rippling dramatically for 45 miles from Llandeilo in the west, all the way to the English border, **Brecon Beacons National Park** (Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog) encompasses some of the finest scenery in Mid-Wales. High mountain plateaux of grass and heather, their northern rims scalloped with glacier-scoured hollows, rise above wooded, waterfall-splashed valleys and green, rural landscapes. There are four distinct regions within the park, neatly bounded by main roads and offering hundreds of walking routes as well as mountain-biking trails: the wild, lonely **Black Mountain** in the west, with its high moors and glacial lakes; **Fforest Fawr** , which lies between the A4067 and A470, whose rushing streams and spectacular waterfalls form the headwaters of the Rivers Tawe and Neath; the Brecon Beacons proper, a group of very distinctive, flat-topped hills that includes Pen-y-Fan ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) (886m), the park's highest peak; and, from the A40 northeast to the English border, the rolling heathland ridges of the **Black Mountains** (not to be confused with Black Mountain, singular). ### THE DEMISE OF THE BEACONS BUSES The very useful Beacons Buses service that ferried walkers and cyclists all over the Brecon Beacons on Sundays and bank holidays has been curtailed. The only bus route currently operating is the bike-bus service operated by Cardiff Bus (www.cardiffbus.com), which runs between Cardiff and Brecon (Sundays and bank holidays, late May to September); it interchanges with bus 39A in Brecon and runs between Brecon and Abergavenny twice a day. ### Black Mountain (Mynydd Du) & Fforest Fawr The western half of the Brecon Beacons National Park, centred around **Black Mountain** , is sparsely inhabited. This lonely land of barren peaks throws down an irresistible gauntlet to hikers. Fforest Fawr (Great Forest; www.fforestfawrgeopark.org.uk), once a Norman hunting ground, is now a Unesco geopark famous for its varied landscapes, ranging from bleak moorland to flower-flecked limestone pavement and lush, wooded ravines choked with moss and greenery. 1Sights & Activities A series of dramatic waterfalls lies between the villages of Pontneddfechan and Ystradfellte, where the Rivers Mellte, Hepste and Pyrddin pass through steep forested gorges. The Elidir Trail (2½ miles each way; allow four hours) leaves from the **Waterfalls Centre** and takes in four falls. This can be combined with the Four Falls Trail for a 12-mile loop (allow six hours), which includes **Sgwd-yr-Eira** (Waterfall of the Snow), where you can actually walk behind the torrent. Walks on the area are outlined in the national park's _Waterfall Country_ publication (£3.50), available from visitor centres. Carreg CennenCASTLE (Cadw; www.carregcennencastle.com; adult/child £4/3.50; h9.30am-5.30pm) Dramatically perched atop a steep limestone crag high above the River Cennen are the brooding ruins of the ultimate romantic castle, visible for miles in every direction. Originally a Welsh castle, the current structure dates back to Edward I's conquest of Wales in the late 13th century. It was partially dismantled in 1462 during the Wars of the Roses when taken by the Yorkists. Carreg Cennen is signposted from the A483. Fan BrycheiniogMOUNTAIN The finest feature (and the highest point) of Black Mountain is the sweeping escarpment of Fan Brycheiniog (802m), reached via a fairly strenuous 11.5-mile loop from Glyntawe on the A4067. The initial precipitous ascent of the Fan Hir ridge eases into a spectacular ridge walk, with views of the Llyn y Fan Fawr glacial lake to the east. A steep path climbs up to Fan Brycheiniog and it's worth detouring to climb Fan Foel for the views of Llyn y Fan Fach before following the almost level Bannau Sir Gaer ridge to the Waun Lefrith summit. Head west across pathless terrain to the rocky Carreg yr Ogof, and descend the trail to its east across a wild landscape of limestone sinkholes, marshland and streams. Dan-yr-Ogof National Showcaves Centre for WalesCAVE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01639-730284; www.showcaves.co.uk; adult/child £13.75/9; h10am-4pm Apr-Oct; c) The limestone plateau of the southern Fforest Fawr is riddled with some of the largest and most complex cave systems in Britain. Most can only be visited by experienced cavers, but these three caves are easily accessible on a self-guided tour. Attractions range from the glistening limestone formations of **Dan-yr-Ogof Cave** and the two waterfalls that feed an underground lake to the high-domed chamber of **Cathedral Cave** and the Bronze Age finds of the tiny **Bone Cave**. Somewhat at odds with the natural attractions are the plexiglass dinosaurs peeking through the trees, some of them locked in mortal combat, and a recreated Iron Age farm with mushroom-like huts. The admission fee covers other child-friendly draws, including a petting zoo and a shire-horse centre. The complex is just off the A4067, north of Abercraf. Penderyn DistilleryDISTILLERY ( %01685-810651; www.welsh-whisky.co.uk; Penderyn; tours adult/child £6/4; h9.30am-5pm) Though Wales has a long history of spirit distillation, this boutique distillery released its first malt whisky only in 2004, marking the resurgence of Welsh whisky-making after a more than 100-year absence due to the popularity of the temperance movement in the late 19th century. Visitors can witness the creation of the liquid fire that's distilled with fresh spring water in a single copper still, then matured in bourbon casks and finished in rich Madeira wine casks. Tours include tastings. ### MOUNTAIN SAFETY The Brecon Beacons are serious mountains. The weather is very changeable and descending fog can obscure visibility within minutes even on a fine day. Wear hiking boots and take warm clothes, waterproofs, food and water, and a map and compass or a GPS. Weather forecasts are available from the Met Office ( %0870 900 0100; www.metoffice.gov.uk). 8Information Garwnant Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01685-722481; www.forestry.gov.uk/garwnant; h10am-4pm; c) At the head of Llwyn Onn Reservoir, 5 miles north of Merthyr Tydfil on the A470, this is the starting point for a couple of easy forest walks and has a mountain-bike park for children. Waterfalls CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01639-721795; Pontneathvaughan Rd, Pontneddfechan; h9.30am-1pm & 1.30-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 9.30am-1pm & 1.30-3pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar) Information on waterfall walks. 8Getting There & Away Bus X63 (eight daily Monday to Saturday) stops at Dan-yr-Ogof en route from Brecon (£3.30, 33 minutes) to Swansea (£3.70, one hour). ## 2Walking Tour Climbing Pen-y-Fan **Start** Storey Arms **End** Storey Arms **Length** 5 miles; three hours Of all the possible routes up the Brecon Beacons' highest peak, Pen-y-Fan (886m), this loop is reasonably straightforward to follow and the trailhead is easy to find. The ascent is along one of the quieter paths, which avoids the crowds along the 'motorway' – the main route – and offers particularly impressive views along the approach. Carry maps and a GPS (and know how to use it) as fog can descend suddenly. Start at the 1 **Storey Arms car park** off the A470. A clear trail crosses the moorland that covers the southern approach to the Y Gyrn summit on your left. Once you reach a broad ridge, cross a stile and follow the trail down to the 2 **River Taf Fawr**. The rocky path then heads up the hillside along the right-hand side of the valley. Once you reach the 3 **steep escarpment edge** overlooking the Cwm Llwch Valley and a small lake, if you have the energy, do a 275m detour northwest down along the escarpment edge to the 4 **Tommy Jones memorial obelisk** , commemorating a lost local boy who died here of exposure in 1900. The main path bears right along the escarpment and rises steeply to the crags that guard the approach to Corn Du (873m). It's a short, steep scramble to 5 **the Corn Du summit** , followed by a short dip and a less precipitous final ascent to the exposed, wind-buffeted top of 6 **Pen-y-Fan** , marked with a large cairn. Walk to the southern edge of the plateau for stupendous views of the Craig Gwaun Taf ridge to the south and the almost vertical drop-off along the northern flank of Craig Cwm Sere ridge. When you're ready to descend, take the path that skirts the eastern flank of Corn Du and leads to a 7 **major trail junction**. Descend into the valley along the obvious trail paved with natural stone. After a mile or so, cross a 8 **wooden bridge** and enter a 9 **large car park**. Bear right and follow the path along the A470 back to Storey Arms. ### Brecon (Aberhonddu) & Around Pop 8250 The handsome stone market town of Brecon stands at the meeting of the River Usk and the River Honddu. For centuries the town thrived as a centre of wool production and weaving. Today it's a handy jumping-off point for the Brecon Beacons, and you'll find a high concentration of hikers and soldiers from the nearby military base in its bars, eateries and outdoor-gear shops. The conical hill of **Pen-y-Crug** (331m), capped by an Iron Age hill fort, rises northwest of the town, and makes a good objective for a short hike (2.5 miles round trip). Brecon 1Top Sights 1Brecon CathedralB1 1Sights 2Heritage CentreB1 3Monmouthshire & Brecon CanalC4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 4Bikes + HikesC2 Dragonfly CruisesC4 4Sleeping 5Bridge CafeA3 5Eating 6Roberto'sB3 3Entertainment 7Theatr BrycheiniogC4 1Sights & Activities oBrecon CathedralCHURCH (Eglwys Gadeiriol Aberhonddu; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.breconcathedral.org.uk; Cathedral Close) Perched on a hill above the River Honddu, Brecon Cathedral was founded as part of a Benedictine monastery in 1093. Only the carved font and parts of the nave remain of the original structure, but this stark stone church features an ornate 1937 reredos and a cross that seems to hover in mid-air at the end of the nave. In the cathedral grounds is a Heritage Centre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat), cafe and gift shop housed in a restored 15th-century tithe barn. Monmouthshire & Brecon CanalCANAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) Brecon is the northern terminus of this canal, built between 1799 and 1812 to move coal, iron, limestone and agricultural goods. The 33 miles from Brecon to Pontypool is back in business, transporting a generally less grimy cargo of holidaymakers and river-dwellers. The busiest section is around Brecon, with craft departing from the canal basin, 400m south of the town centre. Dragonfly Cruises ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07831-685222; www.dragonfly-cruises.co.uk; adult/child £7.50/4.50; hMar-Oct) runs 2½-hour narrowboat trips and Backwaters Adventure Equipment Ltd ( %01873-831825; www.backwatershire.co.uk; kayak/canoe per day £27.50/45) rents kayaks and canoes. Llangorse LakeLAKE (Llyn Syfaddan) Reed-fringed Llangorse Lake, to the east of Brecon, is Wales' second-largest natural lake, but it's barely more than a mile long and half a mile wide. The lake is the Brecon Beacons National Park's main water-sports location, used for sailing, windsurfing, canoeing and water-skiing. **Lakeside Caravan Park** rents rowing boats (per hour/day £12/30), Canadian canoes (per hour/day £12/36) and Wayfarer sailing dinghies (per hour £25). There's a **crannog** (lake dwelling) dating back to AD 900 near the northern shore. Cantref Adventure Farm & Riding CentreHORSE RIDING ( %01874-665223; www.cantref.com; Llanfrynach, Upper Cantref Farm; height more than/less than 93cm £8.75/free; h10.30am-5.30pm) In the countryside south of Brecon, Cantref operates a child-focused fun farm, complete with pig races, lamb feeding and indoor play areas. The adjoining riding centre offers equestrian lessons, horse treks (£35) into the Brecon Beacons and 20-minute pony rides. Follow the horseshoe signs down narrow country lanes from the A40, southeast of town. zFestivals & Events Brecon Jazz FestivalMUSIC (www.breconjazz.org; hAug) On the second weekend in August, Brecon hosts one of Europe's leading jazz events, and there's plenty of free alternative-music events in the local pubs as part of the coinciding Brecon Fringe Festival (www.breconfringe.co.uk). Brecon BeastSPORTS (www.breconbeast.co.uk; hSep) A gruelling mountain-bike challenge over either 31 or 47 miles, held in mid-September. The fee (£30 prepaid online or £35 on the day) covers camping, refreshments en-route, a 'pasta party' and a brag-worthy T-shirt. 4Sleeping & Eating #### Brecon Bridge CafeB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-622024; www.bridgecafe.co.uk; 7 Bridge St; s/d from £45/55; W) With a particular focus on refuelling weary walkers and mountain-bikers, Bridge Cafe offers three comfortable double rooms with down-filled duvets and crisp, cotton sheets upstairs, and hearty dishes downstairs in cosy surrounds (mains £9 to £13; dinner Friday and Saturday, breakfast on Sundays; bookings advised). Coach HouseGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07974 328437; www.coachhousebrecon.com; 12 Orchard St; d incl breakfast £95) This hospitable 19th-century coaching inn is well attuned to the needs of walkers, with a drying room for hiking gear, generous breakfasts (including good vegetarian options) and packed lunches put together by the hosts. The seven stylish, modern rooms, decorated in soothing creams, have ultracomfy beds and good showers. Roberto'sITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-611880; www.robertos.netau.net; St Mary St; mains £9-15; h6-11pm Mon-Sat; v) Roberto's pairs mostly authentic Italian recipes, executed using fresh local ingredients, with an Italian-style ambience (plastic vines, wine racks). The quality of the specials can be variable, but the pizza hits the spot and the 'planks' – cured meat/fish/veggie platters – are very popular. Service can be slow. #### Around Brecon Beacons BackpackersHOSTEL ( %01874-730215; www.beaconsbackpackers.co.uk; The New Inn, Bwlch; dm £22) The one thing better than a good hostel is a good hostel inside a 14th-century pub. This compact, friendly place comes with comfy bunks, reliable hot showers, a chillout room with a crackling wood fire, and knowledgeable owners. With good hikes on its doorstep, it's also a great place to mingle with fellow ramblers. Danywenallt YHAHOSTEL ( %0800 0195 465; www.yha.org.uk; Talybont-on-Usk; dm/r from £18/54, campsites £9; p) Ideally located for hiking and biking around Talybont Reservoir, this secluded, converted farmhouse lacks a guest kitchen but has a cafe. Camping is available in the orchard. Danywenallt is half way between Brecon and Crickhowell. oPeterstone CourtHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-665387; www.peterstone-court.com; A40, Llanhamlach; r from £145; p W s) At this ele­gant Georgian manor house, the decor is classic, and the rooms large and comfortable. Its excellent restaurant (mains from £14 to £22) uses produce from the manor's own farm. The views across the valley to the Beacons are superb, and the boutique spa pampers guests with organic products. Llanhamlach is 3 miles southeast of Brecon, just off the A40. oFelin Fach GriffinRESTAURANT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-620111; www.felinfachgriffin.co.uk; Felinfach; mains £13-20; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-10pm) Heavy wooden beams and the scent of woodsmoke from the open fires create a cosy, rustic ambience at this award-winning inn. The gourmet kitchen makes the most of local fish, meat and game, and the wine list spans the world. Rooms (single/double from £100/130) are TV-free. The Griffin is 5 miles northeast of Brecon on the A470. 3Entertainment Brecon & District Male ChoirTRADITIONAL MUSIC ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.breconchoir.co.uk; Llanfaes Primary School, Orchard St; h7-9pm Fri) For booming harmonies, head to the practice sessions of the local men's choir. Visitors welcome. Theatr BrycheiniogTHEATRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-611622; www.brycheiniog.co.uk; Canal Wharf) The town's main venue for drama, dance, comedy and music. It often hosts big-name touring acts. 8Information Brecon War Memorial HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-622443; Cerrigcochion Rd) Emergency services. National Park Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01874-623366; www.breconbeacons.org; Libanus; h9.30am-5pm) The Brecon Beacons National Park's main visitor centre has full details of walks, hiking and biking trails, outdoor activities, wildlife and geology. Signposted off the A470 road, 5 miles southwest of Brecon. Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-622485; Market car park; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) 8Getting There & Away Bicycle Bikes + Hikes ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01874-610071; www.bikesandhikes.co.uk; Lion Yard; per half-/full day £18/20) rents bikes and offers guided mountain-bike rides. The Taff Trail heads south from here to Cardiff (67km). This forms part of the Lôn Las Cymru national cycling route, which also heads north to Builth Wells (28km). Bus Bus routes include the X43 to Abergavenny (£3.40, 40 minutes, 12 daily) via Crickhowell (£2.60, 25 minutes, 13 daily); X63 to Swansea (£7, 2 hours 20 minutes, six daily,) via Dan-yr-Ogof (£3.30, 33 minutes, nine daily); no Sunday service. The 39 runs to Hay-on-Wye (£3.80, 35 minutes, up to 10 daily). ### Crickhowell (Crughywel) This prosperous, picturesque village sits on the northern shore of the River Usk, straddled by an elegant 17th-century stone bridge famous for having 12 arches on one side and 13 on the other. Crickhowell grew up around a Norman motte-and-bailey castle, which was reduced to its present remains of a gatehouse tower and keep by the marauding forces of Owain Glyndŵr. Crickhowell is named after the distinctive flat-topped Crug Hywel. 1Sights & Activities Crug HywelMOUNTAIN (Table Mountain) Crug Hywel (Hywel's Rock; 451m), better known as Table Mountain, rises to the north of Crickhowell. A hike to the top (3 miles round trip) starts behind the White Hart Inn, heads up through the woods, follows a stream and then a stone wall. The summit and the allegedly haunted remains of an Iron Age fort are a short scramble from the path. Exit through the fort gate and follow the path downhill through five stiles and a farmyard. Tretower Court & CastleHISTORIC BUILDING (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Tretower; adult/child £4.75/3.60; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct; p) Tretower consists of two historic buildings: a 15th-century manor house with a mock-up kitchen, a disembodied calf's head in the pantry, a cheery banquet hall and vast, bare rooms upstairs; and the remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle. Access to the 13th-century circular tower is through a vine-and-trellis-bedecked patio and a sheep-filled meadow. Tretower is 3 miles northwest of Crickhowell on the A479. zFestivals & Events Green Man FestivalMUSIC (www.greenman.net; Glanusk Park; adult/student/child £159/135/5; hmid-Aug; c) Staged over a weekend in mid-August, 2 miles west of Crickhowell via the B4558, Green Man is an alternative, folk and indie music festival, which also features performance art, comedy, drumming workshops and children's events. Walking FestivalSPORTS (www.crickhowellfestival.com; hMar) Eight-day walking fest in early March, with guided treks and walks, talks on keeping safe in the wilderness, navigating and more. 4Sleeping & Eating oGwyn DeriB&B ( %01873-812494; www.gwynderibedandbreakfast.co.uk; Mill St; s/d/f £40/65/90; p W #) The friendly couple who run this homely B&B keep its three modern rooms immaculately clean, and are happy to share their knowledge of the area. Bonuses include iPod docks, fresh fruit in the rooms and an excellent breakfast selection. Connecting rooms are available for family groups. Tŷ GwynB&B ( %01873-811625; www.tygwyn.com; Brecon Rd; s/d from £40/68; p i) Once the home of Regency architect John Nash, Tŷ Gwyn is a lovely old Georgian house with four spacious en suite rooms, each themed around a Welsh literary figure. The hosts are exceptionally helpful. It's five minutes' walk from the town centre. Number EighteenCAFE, BRASSERIE ( %01873-810337; 18 High St; breakfast & lunch £6-7, dinner £10-20; hcafe daily 9am-6pm, restaurant 6-11.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-4pm Sun; v) By day it's a bright, modern cafe serving good coffee, hearty breakfasts, panini and other light bites, but at night the action shifts to the glassed-in brasserie upstairs. It's a relaxed spot for a burger, steak or pork chop; live music serenades diners on Wednesday evenings. Nantyffin Cider MillMODERN WELSH ( %01873-810775; www.cidermill.co.uk; mains £11-17; h12.30-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Wed-Sun) This 16th-century drovers' inn uses quality local produce to create simple, unfussy dishes, with a focus on meats cooked in the charcoal oven. The dining room is a blend of bare stone, exposed roof beams and designer chairs, set around the original 19th-century cider press. Nantyffin is a mile northwest of Crickhowell on the A40. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01873-811970; www.visitcrickhowell.co.uk; Beaufort St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 1pm Sun; W) Has leaflets for local walks. 8Getting There & Away Bus X43 connects Crickhowell with Abergavenny (£1.20, 20 minutes) and Brecon (£2.60, 42 minutes); no service on Sundays. ### Abergavenny (Y Fenni) Pop 13,420 In a millennium of existence, Abergavenny has played many roles on history's stage: Norman stronghold, tanning and weaving centre and prison for Hitler's deputy. Its enviable location between three of the Black Mountains – Blorenge (561m) to the southwest; Ysgyryd Fawr (486m) to the northeast; and Sugar Loaf (596m) to the northwest – make it a superb base for walkers, while its annual food festival and its acclaimed restaurants attract lovers of fresh, organic and seasonal Welsh cuisine from all over the country, and beyond. 1Sights Ysgyryd FawrMOUNTAIN (Skirrid) Of the glacially sculpted hills that surround Abergavenny, Skirrid (486m) is the most dramatic looking and was once considered holy. Take the B4521 to the layby at the base of the hill. It's a steep climb from here through the woods along a muddy track. Once you clear the tree line the walk is less steep, with a final short climb to the summit where you'll be rewarded with extravagant views and the ruins of a clandestine Catholic chapel. Sugar LoafMOUNTAIN (Mynydd Pen-y-Fâl) The cone-shaped pinnacle of Sugar Loaf (596m) is a 4½-mile round trip from the Mynydd Llanwenarth viewpoint car park. Take the middle track that follows a stone wall, skirts a wood and climbs steeply uphill, turning right to bisect a grassy ridge before a final steep summit scramble. The descent route flanks the head of the valley. Head west on the A40; at the edge of town turn right for Sugarloaf Vineyards, then go left at the next two junctions. oSt Mary's Priory Church CHURCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stmarys-priory.org; Monk St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) The austere interior of St Mary's contains a remarkable treasury of aristocratic tombs, including that of Eva de Braose (d 1246), Lady of Abergavenny. The church was founded at the same time as the castle (1087) as part of a Benedictine priory, but the present building dates mainly from the 14th century, with 15th- and 19th-century additions and alterations. In the northern transept is a monumental 15th-century wooden representation of the biblical figure of Jesse. Next door, the restored 13th-century **tithe barn** has been converted into an excellent heritage centre and cafe. Abergavenny Castle & MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.abergavennymuseum.co.uk; Castle St; h11am-1pm & 2-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F The banquet hall of the now-ruined Abergavenny Castle witnessed a terrible act of treachery when Lord William de Braose massacred his dining guests – Seisyll ap Dyfnwal and his men – during a feast on Christmas Day, 1175. The castle keep now houses a small museum devoted to the history of the town. zFestivals & Events South Wales Three Peaks TrialSPORTS (www.threepeakstrial.co.uk; hMar) Annual walking challenge held in late March. Abergavenny Festival of CyclingSPORTS (www.abergavennyfestivalofcycling.co.uk; hJul) Mid-July lycra-enthusiasts' meet incorporating the Iron Mountain Sportif, a participatory event with 20-mile, 41-mile, 67-mile and 100-mile courses. Abergavenny Food FestivalFOOD (www.abergavennyfoodfestival.co.uk; hSep) The most important gastronomic event in Wales, held on the third weekend in September. 4Sleeping & Eating Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-854823; www.theguesthouseabergavenny.co.uk; 2 Oxford St; s/d from £45/80; p W #) This family-friendly B&B features six cheerful, eclectically furnished, en suite rooms with mountain views and a mini-menagerie of pigs, rabbits and chickens. The gregarious owners slap up fantastic breakfasts (with good veggie options). AngelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-857121; www.angelhotelabergavenny.com; 15 Cross St; r from £111, cottage from £293; p W) Abergavenny's top hotel is a fine Georgian building that was once a famous coaching inn. Choose between sleek, sophisticated rooms and luxury cottages nearby. The menus at the informal Foxhunter bar and the refined **Oak Room** (mains £13 to £28, three-course meals £25) put an international twist on local produce. Cwtch CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 58 Cross St; mains from £6; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat; v) This wonderfully friendly cafe entices a crowd of regulars with its homemade cakes, good coffee and lunchtime dishes such as buck rarebit, Canadian pancakes with crispy bacon, quiche and veggie lasagne. Get here early or risk elbowing your neighbour every time you lift your fork. oHardwickMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-854220; www.thehardwick.co.uk; Old Raglan Rd, Abergavenny; mains £17-25, 2-/3-course lunch £21/26; h9-11am, noon-3pm & 6.30-10pm) The Hardwick is a traditional inn with an old stone fireplace and low ceiling beams. Ex–Walnut Tree alumnus Stephen Terry has created a gloriously unpretentious menu that celebrates the very best of country cooking. Attached are eight elegant, modern rooms (from £155). The Hardwick is 2 miles south of Abergavenny on the B4598. Walnut TreeMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-852797; www.thewalnuttreeinn.com; Llanddewi Skirrid; mains £19-27, 2-/3-course lunch £25/30; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-10pm Tue-Sat) Established in 1963, Michelin-starred Walnut Tree serves the imaginative meat and seafood creations of chef Shaun Hill, made from fresh, local produce. When we visited, the flavours were merely good rather than outstanding, however, and the service was brusque. The Walnut Tree is 3 miles northeast of Abergavenny on the B4521. 8Information Nevill Hall HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-732732; Brecon Rd; h24hr) Emergency service. Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01873-853254; www.visitabergavenny.co.uk; Swan Meadow, Monmouth Rd; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, 10am-1pm & 2-4pm Oct-Mar) Has merged with the Brecon Beacons National Park visitor centre. 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus routes include the T4 to Cardiff (£5.90, 2½ hours, 11 daily) and Hereford (£5.30, one hour, six daily); and X43 to Brecon (£3.40, 45 minutes, 12 daily) via Crickhowell (£1.20, 20 minutes). Daily National Express coaches head to Worcester (£12, 1¾ hours) and Birmingham (£13, three hours). Train Direct trains run from Cardiff (£12.70, 45 minutes, regular); Shrewsbury (£27.20, 1¼ hours, regular) via Hereford (£9.90, 25 minutes); and Holyhead (£74, 4¼ hours, two to six daily) via Bangor (£68.10, 3½ hours). ### Black Mountains (Y Mynyddoedd Duon) The hills that stretch northward from Abergavenny to Hay-on-Wye are bleak, untamed and largely uninhabited, their summits and pathways best explored on foot, hoof or two wheels. The scenic and secluded Vale of Ewyas runs through the heart of the area, from Llanfihangel Crucorney to the exposed Gospel Pass (542m), the single-track road winding its way down to Hay-on-Wye in between enchanted-forest-like hedgerows. 1Sights & Activities Llanthony PrioryRUIN ( h10am-4pm) Halfway along the Vale of Ewyas lie these atmospheric 13th-century ruins, set among grasslands and wooded hills by the River Honddu. JMW Turner painted the bleak grandeur of the still-standing arches and the chapel's remains in 1794. Grange Trekking CentreHORSE RIDING ( %01873-890215; www.grangetrekking.co.uk; Capel-Y-Fin; per hour/half-day/day £17/32/52; c) The friendly Griffiths family offers pony trekking in the Black Mountains for all abilities. B&B accommodation (£38 per person) and camping (£6 per person) are also available. 4Sleeping & Eating Llanthony Priory HotelINN ( %01873-890487; www.llanthonyprioryhotel.co.uk; r from £80; p) Seamlessly merging with the priory ruins, and incorporating some of the original medieval buildings, the Abbey Hotel is wonderfully atmospheric, with four-poster beds, stone spiral staircases, and four rooms squeezed into turrets; all share facilities. Hearty pub food, Welsh beers and real ales served. Skirrid InnPUB ( %01873-890258; www.skirridmountaininn.co.uk; Llanfihangel Crucorney; d £90; p) Those with a taste for the macabre and a fondness for ghost-hunting will adore this place. Wales' oldest inn (pre-1110) once doubled as a court and more than 180 people were hung here. Just so you don't forget, a noose dangles from the well-worn hanging beam, directly outside the doors to the three old-fashioned bedrooms. Good pub downstairs (mains £7 to £13). ### Hay-on-Wye (Y Gelli Gandryll) Pop 1955 The credit for putting this pretty little town on the literary map goes largely to the charismatic and forthright local maverick Richard Booth, who triggered an explosion in secondhand bookshops by opening his eponymous store in the 1960s and proclaiming himself the King of Hay. A festival of literature and culture followed in 1988, growing in stature every year until it became an international fixture, though old-timers grumble that it has now been hijacked by celebrities and has lost its 'alternative' vibe. The printed word still rules this town, as evidenced by the number of bookshops and tongue-in-cheek anti-Kindle posters. It's easy for a bibliophile to drift into insolvency here, but Hay is also an excellent base for active pursuits, whether you wish to mount Lord Hereford's Knob (aka Twmpa) or walk Offa's Dyke Path. 2Activities Drover CyclesCYCLING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-822419; www.drovercycles.co.uk; Forest Rd) Rents mountain and touring bikes (per half-day/day/week £25/35/100). zFestivals Hay FestivalLITERARY ( %01497-822629; www.hayfestival.com; hMay) The 10-day Hay Festival in late May is Britain's leading festival of literature and the arts. Far more celebrity-driven these days, it consists of readings, workshops, book signings, concerts and club nights, and its internationally famous speakers include the likes of Terry Pratchett, Al Gore, Stephen Fry and Margaret Atwood. Book tickets for headlining acts as early as possible. HowtheLightGetsInMUSIC, PHILOSOPHY (howthelightgetsin.org; hJun) A low-key and appealing week-long philosophy and music event in late June. 4Sleeping & Eating oBearB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-821302; www.thebearhay.com; 2 Bear St; s £55, d £75-95; p W) This 1590 coaching inn, run by a friendly young owner, retains its historic ambience and combines it with interesting art, sisal floors and bathtubs in each of the bathrooms – succour for tired hikers. The 'romantic' bedroom features a four-poster bed, and the excellent breakfasts include imaginative vegetarian options. Curl up with a book by the immense fireplace. oOld Black LionPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820841; www.oldblacklion.co.uk; Lion St; s/d £55/99; p) This traditional coaching inn is Hay's most atmospheric sleeping option. Parts of it date from the 13th century – expect low ceilings, heavy wooden beams and uneven floors. The accumulated weight of centuries of hospitality is cheerfully carried by the current staff. The food (mains from £13 to £19) is leagues beyond pub grub: think stuffed Guinea fowl, roast halibut and beef Wellington. Hay StablesB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820008; www.haystables.co.uk; Oxford Rd; s/d £40/60; W) Three modern, homely en suite twins and doubles, decked out in neutral tones, welcome you at this friendly guesthouse. There's a common area and a large, fully equipped guest kitchen. Breakfast is a self-serve affair. The owners are very accommodating. Tomatitos Tapas BarSPANISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820770; 38 Lion St; tapas £2.25-4.95; h11am-11pm; W) Friendly, bustling Tomatitos combines the atmosphere of everyone's favourite pub with a Spanish-centric menu. Staples such as _patatas bravas_ and _calamares_ aside, the menu's guest stars include mushrooms stuffed with Cabrales cheese and lamb tagine. Wash it down with Spanish, Chilean and Argentine wine by the glass. Book a table in advance or prop up the bar with the locals. Bookshop CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.boothbooks.co.uk; 44 Lion St; mains £4-10; h9.30am-4.30pm Tue-Thu, to 7pm Fri & Sat, 11am-4pm Sun; v) Tucked into the rear of Richard Booth's Bookshop, this sun-filled cafe offers adventurous, modern breakfast and lunch menus with plenty of vegetarian options and greens straight out of its kitchen garden. oSt John's PlaceMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07855 783799; stjohnsplacehay.tumblr.com; Lion St; mains £12-16; h6-10pm Thu-Sat) The menu at this intimate restaurant inside St John's Chapel is limited, but each of the three-to-four unusual starters, mains and desserts is conceived and executed with imagination and flair. Expect the likes of brown shrimp with duck egg, palm sugar and chilli; mackerel with samphire; and date and pecan tart. 6Drinking & Entertainment Blue BoarPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Oxford Rd; h9am-11pm) This creeper-clad, family-run traditional pub is ideal for whiling away a wet afternoon with a pint of Timothy Taylor's ale, a home-cooked lunch of Glamorgan sausage, and a good book. Globe at HayLIVE MUSIC, PERFORMING ARTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-821762; www.globeathay.org; Newport St; h10am-midnight Thu-Sat, to 5pm Sun, 6-11pm Tue; W) This converted Methodist chapel wears many hats: cafe, bar, music venue, theatre and all-round community hub. It hosts DJs, world music, comedy, theatre, film, festivals such as HowTheLightGetsIn and political talks. 7Shopping Richard Booth's BookshopBOOKS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.boothbooks.co.uk; 44 Lion St; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) The most famous, and still the best; has a sizeable Anglo-Welsh literature section, and a Wales travel section. Murder & MayhemBOOKS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-821613; 5 Lion St; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Body outline on the floor, monsters on the ceiling, and stacks of detective fiction, true crime and horror. Hay Cinema BookshopBOOKS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820071; www.haycinemabookshop.co.uk; Castle St; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5.30pm Sun) Converted cinema housing a huge collection of books about filmmaking and cinema. Mostly MapsMAPS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820539; www.mostlymaps.com; 2 Castle St) Exquisite antiquarian maps and prints, many hand-coloured. Hours vary; call ahead. Addyman BooksBOOKS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-821136; www.hay-on-wyebooks.com; 39 Lion St; h10am-5.30pm) A dedicated sci-fi room and plenty of books on art, photography and architecture within a 19th-century Transylvanian church interior. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01497-820144; www.hay-on-wye.co.uk; Oxford Rd; h10am-1pm & 2-5pm) The helpful tourist office stocks a free guide and map profiling all of Hay's bookshops (most bookshops stock the map, too). 8Getting There & Away Buses 39, 39A and 39B stop in Hay-on-Wye, en route between Brecon (£3.80, 32 minutes, three to seven daily) and Hereford (£8.40, one hour). ## Powys By far Wales' biggest county, Powys is named after the ancient Welsh kingdom that succeeded Roman rule. Overwhelmingly rural, it is dotted with charming little villages. Along the border, the communities of Knighton and Presteigne play host to hikers tackling the 177-mile Offa's Dyke Path national trail – the symbolic line that separates Wales from England. Sheltered by the Cambrian Mountains to the west, this county isn't just green in a literal sense – successful conservation efforts have brought the threatened red kite back from brink of extinction, and Machynlleth has long been a focal point for the nation's environmental aspirations. ### Llanwrtyd Wells (Llanwrtyd) Pop 630 Llanwrtyd (khlan- _oor_ -tid) Wells is one strange little town: mostly deserted, it becomes packed to the rafters with an influx of contestants and their merry-making supporters during its many oddball festivals. At the beginning of July Llanwrtyd is also busy with attendees of the Royal Welsh Show, held in nearby Builth Wells, which involves everything from gussied-up livestock to lumberjack competitions. According to the _Guinness Book of Records_ , Llanwrtyd is the UK's smallest town – some local residents even claim that in order to cling onto this status there's a periodic cull. ### LLANWRTYD'S UNCONVENTIONAL EVENTS While mulling over how to encourage tourism in Llanwrtyd, some citizens started an inspired roll call of unconventionality. There's something on most months (see www.green-events.co.uk) but here are some of the wackiest. Saturnalia Beer Festival & Mountain-Bike Chariot RacingBEER, SPORTS ( hDec) Roman-themed festival that includes a 'Best-Dressed Roman' competition, the devouring of stuffed bulls' testicles and a chariot race. Man vs Horse MarathonSPORTS ( hmid-Jun) One of Llanwrtyd's many oddball events, this marathon has been held every year since 1980 and has resulted in some tense finishes. Two-legged runners have won only twice, most recently in 2007. World Bog Snorkelling ChampionshipsSPORTS ( hAug) Competitors are permitted wetsuits, snorkels and flippers in order to traverse a trench cut out of a peat bog, but may use no recognisable swimming stroke and may surface only to navigate. Spin-off events include Mountain-Bike Bog Snorkelling and the Bog-Snorkelling Triathlon, both held in July. Real Ale Wobble & RambleSPORTS ( hNov) Held in conjunction with the Mid-Wales Beer Festival, this event sees cyclists and walkers following waymarked routes (10, 15 or 25 miles, or 35 miles for the 'wobblers' on bikes), and supping real ales at the 'pintstops' along the way. Mari LlwydNEW YEAR (New Year Walk In) A revival of the ancient practice of parading a horse's skull from house to house while reciting Welsh poetry. 4Sleeping & Eating Ardwyn HouseB&B ( %01591-610768; www.ardwynhouse.co.uk; Station Rd; s/d £60/80; p W) This beautifully restored art nouveau house wins you over with its yesteryear grandeur and the congeniality of its young owners. Some rooms have claw-foot baths and rural views, and there is oak parquet flooring, period wallpaper, and a guest lounge with a pool table and bar. Plasnewydd B&BB&B ( %01591-610293; www.plasnewydd90.co.uk; Irfon Tce; s/d £35/60; p W) Located in the heart of town, this spick-and-span B&B has numerous fans thanks to its warm, cosy, individually styled rooms, an extensive breakfast spread (which caters well for vegetarians) and the accommodating attitude of its owners. There's a drying room for wet cycling gear, and other nice touches include delicious homemade Welsh cakes. oCarlton RiversideWELSH ( %01591-610248; www.carltonriverside.com; Irfon Cres; mains £13-27; h12.30-3pm Mon-Sat, 7-10.30pm Tue-Sat; p W) This upmarket restaurant-with-rooms has a boutique feel. The restaurant executes classic dishes (slow-cooked pork, roast lamb, fillet steak) with aplomb. The rooms (single/double £50/65) are modern, simple and tasteful, and cater to bon vivants, with late breakfasts and check-outs. Drovers RestWELSH ( %01591-610264; www.food-food-food.co.uk; Y Sgwar; mains £15-21; h10.30am-3.30pm & 7.30-9.30pm Tue & Thu-Sat, 12.30-2.30pm Sun; W) The menu at the Drovers, a well-regarded restaurant-with-rooms, showcases some adventurous pairings of ingredients, plucked from the best local produce. The three-course Sunday lunches (£14.95) are particularly good value, and the owners run regular cooking classes, including a Welsh Cooking Day (£185). 6Drinking Neuadd Arms PUB ( %01591-610236; www.neuaddarmshotel.co.uk; Y Sgwar) A focal point for the community, Neuadd Arms hosts the farmers' dogs on the couch in front of the fire and brews its own real ales (including seasonal offerings). All this is complemented by an unusually good bar-food menu. 8Getting There & Away Bus 48 heads to Builth Wells (£2.20, 23 minutes, six daily Monday to Saturday). Llanwrtyd is on the Heart of Wales (www.heart-of-wales.co.uk) railway line, with direct services to Swansea (£10.60, 1¾ hours, two to four daily) via Llandeilo (£5, 44 minutes); and Shrewsbury (£13.40, two hours, two to four daily) via Llandrindod Wells (£4, 30 minutes) and Knighton (£7, 1¼ hours). ### Llandrindod Wells (Llandrindod) Pop 5310 This spa town struck gold in Victorian times by touting its waters to the well-to-do gentry who rolled in for rest and recuperation following the arrival of the railway in 1864. Though its heyday is long past, this languid place is worth a stop to admire the grand architecture of the era, such as the Gwalia on High St, the elaborate iron and woodwork of the original Victorian shopfronts on Middleton St, the 1865 signal box on the train station platform and the Pump Room. 1Sights Rock ParkPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) The sulphur and saline springs of the forested Rock Park were used as far back as Roman times, and the Victorians sought out their therapeutic properties when the spa Pump Room was built in 1867. The allure of pungent-smelling water diminished by the 1970s, but these days you can still wander past the blue-and-cream cast ironwork of the building and drink from the salty-tasting, iron-rich Chalybeate Spring beside Arlais Brook: apparently the water is good for treating gout, rheumatism, anaemia and more. National Cycle CollectionMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01597-825531; www.cyclemuseum.org.uk; Temple St; adult/child £4/2; h10am-4pm Tue-Fri Apr-Oct) The art nouveau Automobile Palace houses more than 250 bikes, tracing the progression from clunky boneshakers to slick modern-day examples, such as the reserve bike of the 1992 Olympic gold medallist Chris Boardman. Curios include penny farthings, bamboo bikes from the 1890s and the vertiginous 'Eiffel Tower' of 1899. Llandrindod LakeLAKE Just southeast of the centre is a sedately pretty, tree-encircled lake constructed at the end of the 19th century to allow Victorians to engage in sedate rowing. Radnorshire MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01597-824513; www.powys.gov.uk/radnorshiremuseum; Temple St; adult/child £1/free; h10am-4pm Tue-Sat) Small but entertaining, this museum offers a taste of local history. Look out for the carved sheila-na-gig figure with a prominent vulva; a 12th-century log boat; and a special centenary exhibition on WWI. zFestivals & Events Victorian FestivalCULTURAL (www.victorianfestival.co.uk; hAug) In the middle of August Llandrindod Wells indulges in nine days of capering in 19th-century costume. 4Sleeping The CottageB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01597-825435; www.thecottagebandb.co.uk; Spa Rd; s/d £43/65) The original owner of this large, appealing Edwardian house requested that no room be made square. The end result? Comfortable, odd-angled twins, doubles and a single, all with heavy wooden furniture and without TV, some with funky wallpaper, and all presided over by the irrepressibly chatty host, who makes his own delicious preserves. Metropole HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01597-823700; www.metropole.co.uk; Temple St; s/d from £98/126; p W s) The grand dame of Llandrindod's hotels, turreted Metropole retains an old-fashioned elegance – particularly in the lobby. The facilities, however, are modern, and include a spa and sizeable pool. What some of its staff lack in the congeniality department, the hotel makes up for with its sheer size, and its brasserie is one of the better dining options in town. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01597-822600; www.llandrindod.co.uk; Temple St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat) In the old town hall. 8Getting There & Around Bus routes include the T4 to Cardiff (£11, 2¾ hours, four daily), Brecon (£8.50, one hour, six daily), Builth Wells (£2, 22 minutes, seven daily) and Newtown (£4.80, 48 minutes, six daily); and X47 to Rhayader (£2.60, 25 minutes, six daily). Llandrindod is on the Heart of Wales railway line, with direct services to Swansea (£12.20, 2¼ hours, two to four daily) via Llanwrtyd Wells (£4, 30 minutes), and Shrewsbury (£11.20, 1½ hours) via Knighton (£4.50, 35 minutes). ### Rhayader (Rhaeadr Gwy) Pop 1825 This small town, infamous in the mid-19th century for the Rebecca Riots, in which farmers disguised as women rebelled against unfair taxation, is a sleepy place that revolves around its Wednesday livestock market. Skirted by the River Wye, the town is a gateway for walkers and cyclists bound for the nearby Elan Valley and the 136-mile Wye Valley Walk, which passes through town; and draws visitors to the daily red-kite feeding at a local farm. 1Sights & Activities Elan ValleyOUTDOORS (Cwm Elan) S In the early 19th century, dams were built on the River Elan (pronounced 'ellen'), west of Rhayader, in order to supply a rapidly expanding Birmingham. The 70-sq-mile watershed has been turned into an important wildlife conservation area, with red kites and other rare bird species now flourishing. The Elan Valley Visitor Centre ( %01597-810880; www.elanvalley.org.uk; h10am-4.30pm Mar-Oct), 3 miles from Rhayader on the B4518, downstream of the lowest dam, has leaflets on the estate's 80 miles of nature trails and rents bicycles. The 8-mile **Elan Valley Trail** , a walking, horse-riding and cycling path, starts just west of Rhayader at Cwmdauddwr and mostly follows the line of the long-gone Birmingham Corporation Railway alongside the River Elan and its reservoirs. The wall of water gushing from the Pen-y-Garreg dam is particularly impressive. The Elan Valley Visitor Centre arranges numerous events for visitors, including birdwatching safaris and helicopter tours. Gigrin Farm Red-Kite Feeding StationBIRDWATCHING ( %01597-810243; www.gigrin.co.uk; South St, A470; adult/child £5/3; h2pm Nov-Mar, 3pm Apr-Oct) Once the most common bird of prey throughout Britain, by the 19th century the red kite was flirting with extinction. Now, visitors to Gigrin Farm can watch conservation efforts in action from strategically placed hides. Once the meat scraps (from a local abattoir) are spread on the field, the kites descend, swooping acrobatically – as many as 400 at a time – followed by crows, and later ravens and buzzards. Clive Powell Mountain Bike CentreMOUNTAIN BIKING ( %01597-811343; www.clivepowell-mtb.co.uk; West St; h9am-5.30pm, closed Thu) Mountain/hybrid-bike rental (per day £24/16) and all-inclusive mountain-biking 'Dirty Weekends', which hit trails around the Elan Valley and are run by a former cycling champion. 8Getting There & Away Buses include the weekday X47 to Aberystwyth (£3.85, 1¾ hours, one daily) and Llandrindod Wells (£2.60, 22 minutes, six daily); and X75 to Shrewsbury (£9, 2¾ hours, one daily) and Newtown (£4.50, one hour, twice-daily). ### Presteigne (Llanandras) Pop 2055 Pressed right up against the English border, Presteigne (www.presteigne.org.uk) is a bohemian little place, lined with attractive old buildings. 1Sights Radnorshire ArmsHISTORIC BUILDING (High St) One of the most impressive buildings in town is the half-timbered Radnorshire Arms, the former private residence of Sir Christopher Hatton, alleged lover of Queen Elizabeth I. Judge's LodgingHISTORIC BUILDING ( %01544-260650; www.judgeslodging.org.uk; Broad St; adult/child £7.50/3.90; h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Mar-Oct ) The Judge's Lodging offers an intimate glimpse into Victorian times through a wander led by audioguide through the town's 19th-century courthouse, lock-up and the apartments where circuit judges used to stay. You'll 'meet' a motley crew of characters along the way. 4Sleeping oOld VicarageB&B ( %01544-260038; www.oldvicarage-nortonrads.co.uk; Norton; s/d from £78/112 ; p) The Old Vicarage is a three-bedroom, gay-friendly, boutique B&B that makes you feel as if you're on the set of a Victorian period drama, and serves up sumptuous three-course dinners. It's in the town of Norton, 1.5 miles north of Presteigne on the B4355. 8Getting There & Away Bus 41 heads to Knighton (£1.85, 15 minutes, up to eight Monday to Saturday). ### Knighton (Tref-Y-Clawdd) Pop 3010 Hilly Knighton (www.visitknighton.co.uk) sits midway along the Offa's Dyke Path national trail and at one end of the Glyndŵr's Way national trail, a 132-mile walking route to Welshpool. 4Sleeping & Eating Offa Dyke HouseB&B ( %01547-528886; www.offadykehouse.com; 4 High St; s/d from £49/75; p W) Centrally located Offa Dyke House provides succour to weary hikers with its three sumptuous rooms, countryside views and delicious home-cooked dinners. Horse & Jockey InnB&B ( %01547-520062; www.thehorseandjockeyinn.co.uk; Station Rd; mains bar £5-9, restaurant £9-18) The town's best refuelling option is the Horse & Jockey, a horseshoe-shaped 14th-century coaching inn. You can eat in the bar or on the sunny terrace, or opt for a substantial meal at the restaurant. 8Information Tourist Office & Offa's Dyke CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01547-528753; www.offasdyke.demon.co.uk; West St; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) The two-in-one Tourist Office & Offa's Dyke Centre is full of information for walkers and interactive displays about the dyke, a section of which runs behind the centre. 8Getting There & Away Train destinations from Knighton include Swansea (£15.80, 3¼ hours, two to four daily) via Llanwrtyd Wells (£7, 1¼ hours) and Llandrindod Wells (£4.50, 34 minutes), and Shrewsbury (£9.50, 50 minutes, two to four daily). Bus 41 heads to Presteigne (£1.85, 15 minutes, up to eight Monday to Saturday). ### OFFA'S DYKE PATH They say that good fences make good neighbours, but King Offa may have taken the idea a bit far. The 8th-century Mercian king built Offa's Dyke, Britain's longest archaeological monument, to mark the boundary between his kingdom and that of the Welsh princes. Even today, though only 80 miles of the dyke remains, the modern Wales–England border roughly follows the line it defined. The Offa's Dyke Path national trail criss-crosses that border around 30 times in its journey from the Severn Estuary near Chepstow, through the beautiful Wye Valley and Shropshire Hills, to the coast at Prestatyn in North Wales. The dyke itself usually takes the form of a bank next to a ditch, although it's overgrown in some places and built over in others. The trail often strays from the dyke, covering an astonishing range of scenery and vegetation, including river valleys, hill country, oak forests, heathland and bracken, conifer forest, green fields, high moors and the mountainous terrain of the Clwydian Ranges in the north. While it can be walked in either direction, it's best done south to north, with the wind and sun mainly on your back. Most people take 12 days to complete the 177-mile walk, though it's wise to allow at least two rest days, bringing your adventure to an even two weeks. The best sources of information about the route are Offa's Dyke Centre in Knighton and www.nationaltrail.co.uk/offasdyke. _Becky Ohlsen_ ### Newtown (Y Drenewydd) Pop 11,360 Newtown used to be a major textiles centre but these days it's as somnolent as Heaven on a Sunday. Its big claim to fame is that Robert Owen (1771–1858), the factory reformer, founder of the cooperative movement and 'father of Socialism', was born and died here. His life and legacy are on display at the Robert Owen Museum ( %01686-622510; www.robert-owen-museum.org.uk; The Cross) (which was under renovation at the time of writing). A more contemporary attraction, Davies Gallery (Oriel Davies; %01686-625041; www.orieldavies.org; The Park; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat), often hosts edgy exhibitions. Its glassed-in **Relish Cafe** (mains £5-7) is the best place for light bites and the shop sells funky handmade jewellery by local designers. Splendid half-timbered 1651 farmhouse Highgate ( %01686-623763; www.highgatebandb.co.uk; Bettws Cedewain; s/d from £55/85; p W #) makes for a bucolic retreat near Newtown. It offers understated decor, heavy oak beams, inglenook fireplaces and hospitable owners. Bus routes include the X75 to Shrewsbury (£4.50, 1½ hours, six daily) via Welshpool (£2.20, 35 minutes, seven daily), and the T4 to Cardiff (£14, 3¾ hours, three daily) via Brecon (£4.80, two hours, six Monday to Saturday). Daily National Express coaches run to Aberystwyth (£10, 1¼ hours) and London (£34, 5½ hours). Newtown is on the Cambrian train line between Aberystwyth (£12.50, one hour 20 minutes, five to eight daily) and Birmingham (£19, 1¾ hours, five to eight daily). ### Montgomery Genteel Montgomery sits around a market square lined with Georgian houses in stone and brick, near a well-preserved section of Offa's Dyke Path national trail. 1Sights St Nicholas' ChurchCHURCH (Church Bank; h9am-dusk) The appealing 13th-century St Nicholas' Church has a vaulted ceiling decorated with intricate coloured bosses, a carved altar screen and an elaborate Elizabethan tomb. Montgomery CastleRUIN F The ruins of the 13th-century Montgomery Castle rise from the craggy outcrop above the town, and there are picture-perfect views of Montgomery along the short walk from the car park to the castle. 5Eating oCheckersMODERN BRITISH ( %01686-669822; www.thecheckersmontgomery.co.uk; Broad St; mains £18-28, r from £145; hlunch Wed-Sat, dinner Thu-Sat; W) This truly excellent restaurant-with-rooms is possibly the main drawcard of Montgomery. Its Modern British menu, put together from fresh, locally sourced ingredients, and its first-rate service have earned it a Michelin star. There are five stylish, contemporary rooms upstairs. 8Getting There & Away Bus X71 stops in Montgomery five times daily (Monday to Saturday) en route from Newtown (£2.20, 19 minutes) to Welshpool (£1.85, 16 minutes). #### DON'T MISS ### POWIS CASTLE & GARDEN oPowis CastleCASTLE (NT; %01938-551944; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child castle & gardens £11.80/5.90, garden only £8.70/4.30; hgarden 10am-6pm, castle 12.30-5pm) Surrounded by magnificent gardens, just over a mile south of Welshpool, Powis Castle was originally constructed in the 13th-century by Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys, and subsequently enriched by generations of the Herbert and Clive families. The castle's highlight, the **Clive Museum** , houses exquisite treasures brought back from India and the Far East by Clive of India (British conqueror of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757) and his son Edward, who married the daughter of the first Earl of Powys. The extravagant mural-covered, wood-panelled interior, the mahogany beds, tiger skins and what is one of Wales' finest collection of paintings proclaim the family's wealth, while the Clive Museum, with its cache of armour, bejewelled weapons, textiles, diaries and letters is testimony to a life richly lived in colonial India. You may spot a gold tiger's head encrusted with rubies and diamonds – one of only two to survive from the throne of Tipu Sultan, as well as delicately carved ivory chess pieces. The baroque garden is peerless, dotted with ornamental lead statues and an orangery, formal gardens, wilderness, terraces and orchards. ### Machynlleth Pop 2235 It was in little Machynlleth (ma- _hun_ -khleth) that Welsh hero Owain Glyndŵr established the country's first Parliament in 1404. But even that legacy is close to being trumped by the town's reinvention as the green capital of Wales – thanks primarily to the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT). 1Sights oCentre for Alternative Technology (CAT)ECO-CENTRE (Canolfan y Dechnoleg Amgen; GOOGLE MAP \)) ; %01654-705950; www.cat.org.uk; Pantperthog; adult/child £8.50/4; h10am-5pm; p c) S Founded in 1974 in a disused slate quarry, CAT is a pioneer education centre and an ecologically driven laboratory that believes that all of Britain's energy needs can be met through biomass, hydro, solar and wind power. A water-balanced funicular whisks you up to the primarily outdoor display area that covers 3 hectares and is devoted to environmentally friendly construction, renewable energy sources, organic gardening and alternative technologies. To get to the CAT from Machynlleth, take the 32, X32 or 34 bus (£1.20, six minutes) Interactive eco-games, pond dipping and the Mole Hole's gigantic subterranean dwellers keep younger visitors entertained. CAT hosts workshops for children during the main school holidays and offers an extensive program of courses for adults throughout the year at its state-of-the-art WISE building. It also works with local communities at a grassroots level and advises relevant government bodies on how Britain can adapt to environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. There's also an increasing focus on on-site demonstrations, talks and tours. oMOMA WalesGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01654-703355; www.momawales.org.uk; Penrallt St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat) F Housed partly in a neoclassical chapel (1880), the Museum of Modern Art exhibits contemporary Welsh art, such as photography, dramatic Snowdonia landscapes and sculpture. The annual Machynlleth Festival, which combines music events with masterclasses and talks, takes place here in late August. Owain Glyndŵr CentreMUSEUM (Canolfan Owain Glyndŵr; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01654-702932; www.canolfanglyndwr.org; Maengwyn St; adult/child £2.50/1; h10am-4pm) Housed in a rare example of a late-medieval Welsh town house, the eponymous Centre charts the life and times of Owain Glyndŵr, a Welsh independence hero. Displays (some of which are interactive) focus on his military campaigns against the English – so successful initially that by 1404 he controlled most of what is now Wales – as well as his subsequent, swift downfall. 2Activities Dyfi Mountain BikingMOUNTAIN BIKING (www.dyfimountainbiking.org.uk) Dyfi maintains three waymarked mountain-bike routes from Machynlleth: Mach 1 (10 miles), 2 (15 miles) and 3 (19 miles), each of which is more challenging than the last. The group also maintains the custom-built 15km Cli-machx loop trail in the Dyfi Forest, near Corris, with an extension planned. Each May the same crew runs the **Dyfi Enduro** (www.summitcycles.co.uk/enduro), a noncompetitive, long-distance mountain-bike challenge limited to 650 riders. 4Sleeping & Eating Reditreks BunkhouseBUNKHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07590-282374; www.reditreks.co.uk; Heol Powys; dm/f £17.55/55; p W) S Run by an outdoor enthusiast involved with Enduro cycling events (www.summitcycles.co.uk/enduro), this comfy, ecofriendly bunkhouse is a fantastic base for self-catering cyclists. The owner has cycle trail maps on hand and the three rooms are spacious and warm. Bring your own bedding and towels. Wynnstay HotelINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01654-702941; www.wynnstay-hotel.com; Maengwyn St; s/d from £59/90, mains £12-20; p W) The rooms at this erstwhile Georgian coaching inn (1780) have old-fashioned decor and uneven floors, but wi-fi works in most rooms. The menu at the rustic bar-eatery revels in local meats, flying in the face of Machynlleth's veg-warrior image. The on-site pizzeria serves some of the UK's best pizza, including a sensational version topped with goats cheese and chargrilled vegetables. Number Twenty OneMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01654-703382; www.numbertwentyone.co.uk; 21 Maengwyn St; mains £10-17; hnoon-10pm Wed-Sun; v c) This bright and friendly little bistro is consistently packed full of happy customers thanks to its mantra (local, sustainable); its roster of fresh, expertly executed dishes (spiced lamb chops, pearl-barley risotto, slow-cooked pork belly); and its professional service. A warm welcome is extended to children, and there are homemade cakes to munch on between meals. Farmers MarketMARKET (www.machynllethmarket.co.uk; Maengwyn St; hWed) This market has been held for more than seven centuries and remains a lively affair, with produce, baked goods and bric-a-brac for sale. 8Getting There & Away Routes include the T2 to Aberystwyth (£4.25, 40 minutes, three to six daily) and Bangor (£5.40, 2¾ hours, two to five daily) via Dolgellau (£3.45, 35 minutes), Porthmadog (£4.75, 1¾ hours) and Caernarfon (£5.40, 2½ hours). Machynlleth is on both the Cambrian and Cambrian Coast train lines. Destinations include Aberystwyth (£6.20, 35 minutes, five to eight daily) and Birmingham (£21.80, 2½ hours, five to eight daily) via Newtown (£9.50, 42 minutes). Train services to Pwllheli and Porthmadog have been replaced by bus services until further notice. # Snowdonia & North Wales #### Snowdonia & North Wales Highlights #### Snowdonia National Park #### Llanberis #### Betws-y-Coed #### Beddgelert #### Walking Tour #### Capel Curig #### Snowdon #### Bala (Y Bala) #### Dolgellau #### Mawddach Estuary #### Fairbourne #### Barmouth (Abermaw) #### Harlech #### WEST OF SNOWDONIA #### Caernarfon #### Llyn Peninsula #### Porthmadog & Around #### ISLE OF ANGLESEY #### Beaumaris (Biwmares) #### Holyhead (Caergybi) #### NORTH COAST & BORDERS #### Llandudno #### Conwy #### Llangollen #### Ruthin #### Bangor # Snowdonia & North Wales ### Why Go? Rugged mountain trails, historic train lines, World Heritage castles and rejuvenated seaside towns ensure North Wales holds its own against attractions down south. The region is dominated by Snowdonia National Park, where mighty peaks scrape moody skies. Protected by such a formidable mountain shield, it's little wonder that the less-visited Llŷn Peninsula and the ancient island enclave of Anglesey have retained their traditional language and culture. In fact, the whole region feels properly Welsh: you'll hear the language on the street, see the Celtic legacy in the lands+cape, and soak up the cultural pride in galleries, museums and attractions, all the way from the beaches of the North Coast to the river-threaded heartland of northeast Wales. In many ways, North Wales distils the very essence of Welshness – just don't mention that to the folks in Cardiff. ### When to Go May is the driest month and Llandudno celebrates the warming weather with its Victorian Extravaganza festival. May to September arguably gives you the best hiking weather, but the warmest months – July and August – bring crowds. The Snowdon train runs to the summit between Easter and November. In July you can shuttle between the beaches and Llangollen's International Musical Eisteddfod and Fringe Festival. Late autumn and early winter bring the heaviest rains, while late winter and early spring are particularly raw and bracing. ### Best Castles AConwy Castle ACaernarfon Castle ABeaumaris Castle AHarlech Castle ### Best Heritage Railways AFfestiniog Railway AWelsh Highland Railway ASnowdon Mountain Railway ATalyllyn Railway ## Snowdonia & North Wales Highlights 1 Exploring the coves, cliffs and neolithic remains of Anglesey, the 'Mother of Wales' 2 Climbing Snowdon, Wales' highest peak – or cheating by taking the rack-and-pinion train to the top 3 Sailing across Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, Britain's latest World Heritage Site 4 Disappearing underground into the slate caverns at Blaenau Ffestiniog 5 Witnessing the fearsome beauty and strength of Caernarfon Castle 6 Taking an unforgettable coast-to-coast journey on the narrow-gauge Welsh Highland Railway 7 Revelling in all things Victorian – pier, promenade and Mr Punch – at the seaside resort of Llandudno 8 Gazing towards the holy island of Bardsey from end-of-the-world headland Braich-y-Pwll 2Activities North Wales is crammed with adrenaline-pumping activities. The biggest attraction is **Snowdonia National Park** – prime territory for walking, climbing, mountain biking, cycling and mine exploring. **Betws-y-Coed** and **Llanberis** are the key hubs for visitors. To the west, the **Llŷn Peninsula** and **Isle of Anglesey** are great for water sports, while to the east **Bala** is a white-water hot spot thanks to dependable rapids on the River Tryweryn. 8Getting There & Around Major rail routes in the region include the North Wales Coast Line, which runs from Chester to the ferry terminal at Holyhead; the Cambrian Coast Line, heading from Machynlleth to Pwllheli; and the Conwy Valley Line from Llandudno to Blaenau Ffestiniog. Snowdonia is well served by Sherpa buses, but away from the main tourist areas services are limited and getting anywhere on a Sunday is a trial. Plot your route with Traveline Cymru (www.traveline-cymru.info). ## Snowdonia National Park Snowdonia National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri; www.eryri-npa.gov.uk) was founded in 1951, making it Wales' first national park. It was created primarily to keep the area from being loved to death: this is, after all, Wales' best known and most heavily used slice of nature, the busiest part being around **Snowdon** (1085m) itself. Around 350,000 people climb, walk or take the train to the summit each year, and all those sturdy shoes make trail maintenance a never-ending task for park staff. Yet the national park is so much more than just Snowdon; it stretches some 35 miles from east to west and more than 50 miles from north to south, and incorporates coastal areas, rivers and Wales' biggest natural lake. The Welsh name for Snowdonia is Eryri (eh- _ruh_ -ree) meaning 'highlands'. The Welsh call Snowdon itself Yr Wyddfa (uhr- _with_ -vuh), meaning 'Great Tomb' – according to legend a giant called Rita Gawr was slain here by King Arthur and is buried at the summit. The park includes sizeable towns at Dolgellau, Bala, Harlech and Betws-y-Coed. Two-thirds of it is privately owned, with more than three-quarters used for raising sheep and cattle. The most popular reason for visiting the park is for walking, but you can also go climbing, white-water rafting, kayaking, pony trekking and even windsurfing. The park authority publishes a free annual visitor newspaper, which includes information on park-organised walks and other activities and on getting around. The Met Office (www.metoffice.gov.uk/loutdoor/mountainsafety) keeps the weather conditions updated on its website. Though Snowdonia's mountains seem like mere foothills compared to, say, the Himalayas, they need to be treated with respect. Weather conditions can turn hostile at any time of the year, with low cloud and porridge-thick mist surprising hikers even on days that start out clear and sunny. Always take food, drink, warm clothing and waterproofs, whatever the weather. Carry _and_ know how to read the appropriate map for the area, and carry a compass or a GPS. Also be aware that even some walks described as easy may follow paths that go near very steep slopes and over loose scree. For handy info and maps of the park at your fingertips, download the **Enjoy Snowdonia** (www.eryri-npa.gov.uk) smartphone app from the park's website. ### Llanberis Pop 1845 Llanberis acts as a gateway to Snowdon for scores of rugged Gore-Tex and fleece wearers who flow steadily through the little town year-round. The Llanberis Path, the most popular route up Wales' most famous mountain, starts from here (Click here), as does the Snowdon Mountain Railway, so it's little wonder that Llanberis receives the lion's share of visitors to the national park, although it sits just outside the park border. Synonymous these days with hiking, biking and climbing, for much of its existence Llanberis was a mining town whose residents coaxed a living out of the steep sides of Elidir Fawr. The last of the mines closed down in 1969, but visitors can delve into Llanberis' industrial heritage via the Dinorwig slate quarry, now part of Europe's largest underground power station, and the attractions that stem from it. The narrow-gauge railway that once used to haul slate to the coast now slowly chugs its way along the shore of Llyn Padarn lake. You can't get lost in Llanberis; most of its points of interest are along the High St, which runs parallel to the A4086. 1Sights & Activities oNational Slate MuseumMUSEUM (www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/slate; h10am-5pm) F The immense jagged scar of a quarry gouged into the mountainside, a stone archway and a yard full of heavy machinery usher you into the slate-mining world – the former lifeblood of Llanberis. You can attend slate-cutting demonstrations taken by wise-cracking staff and learn the difference between a Duchess and a Lady; check out Britain's largest water wheel; follow the tramways; and peer into the recreated slate workers' cottages for a glimpse of their lives in 1861, 1901 and 1969. Electric MountainINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01286-870636; www.electricmountain.co.uk; tour adult/child £8.50/4.35; h10am-4.30pm Easter-Oct) Dinorwig Power Station is the largest hydroelectricity scheme of its kind in Europe. It harnesses the power of Marchlyn Mawr reservoir, the release of which through its turbines is enough to cover the national grid's evening demand surge. **Guided bus tours** run into the station's guts under the mountain pretty much hourly, but booking in advance is advised. Electric Mountain is located by the lakeside on the A4086, near the south end of High St. Dolbadarn CastleCASTLE (Castell Dolbadarn; h10am-4pm) F Built before 1230 by the Princes of Gwyneth, the castle keep rises like a perfect black chessboard rook from a green hilltop between two lakes. It's reached via a short walk from the main road leading towards the National Slate Museum through gnarly woods, where a giant moss-covered rock by the path looks poised to release the Headless Horseman, à la _Sleepy Hollow_. 4Sleeping Llanberis YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9645; www.yha.org.uk; Capel Goch Rd; dm/r from £15/45; hreception 8-10am & 5-10pm; p) This former quarry-manager's house on the slopes above town has twin-bunk rooms and dorms with shared facilities and two en suite doubles. Lock-out between noon and 5pm. oBeech BankB&B ( %01286-871085; www.beech-bank.co.uk; 2 High St; s/d £60/80; p W) The effusive, gregarious manner of proprietress Annie has won her repeat guests, as have the five individually styled rooms inside this double-gabled, wrought-iron-trimmed stone house. Room 1 features a roof garden; room 2 has a super-king-size bed. Flasks and packed meals can be arranged and rooms come equipped with wine coolers for posthike R&R. Plas Coch Guest HouseHOTEL ( %01286-872122; www.plascochsnowdonia.co.uk; High St; s/d £55/80; p W) This large ivy-draped 1865-built house is operated by a friendly couple with lots of local knowledge to impart. Hikers are well looked after with a boot-washing nook, and packed lunches and flasks. Of the eight unique rooms, one comes with its own balcony and the family room has proper beds for children rather than bunks. 5Eating Pete's EatsCAFE ( %01286-870117; www.petes-eats.co.uk; 40 High St; mains £3-7; h8am-8pm; W) Photos of local mountain-related exploits adorn the walls of this busy, bright cafe where hikers and climbers swap tips over monster portions of soup, pasta and sandwiches in a hostel-like environment. There's a huge noticeboard full of travellers' information, a book exchange, a map and guidebook room, and computers for internet access, and you can crash in the bunkrooms and private digs upstairs. Llygad yr HaulCAFE (90 High St; mains from £5; h10am-5pm; W c #) The delicious homemade bread and cakes have won this friendly little cafe a local fan base, while walkers crowd in for the generous helpings of jacket potato with toppings, chunky sandwiches, and panini-and-soup meal deals. oPeak RestaurantINTERNATIONAL (Bwyty'r Copa; %01286-872777; www.peakrestaurant.co.uk; 86 High St; lunch £4-7, dinner £11-19; h12-2pm Wed-Fri & Sun, 7-10pm Wed-Sat; v) Charming owners and imaginative menus underpin this modern, brasserie-style restaurant's popularity and longevity, and the open kitchen allows you to see the masters at work. Fine local ingredients (Welsh lamb, beef, cheeses, seasonal vegetables) form the basis of the internationally inspired dishes. There are tasty veggie options and a good wine list. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01286-870765; www.visitsnowdonia.info; h10am-4pm Fri-Tue Easter-Sep) Located inside Electric Mountain. 8Getting There & Away Snowdon Sherpa bus S1 heads to Pen-y-Pass (£2, 20 minutes, up to 13 daily) while S2, S3 (both £1.50) and S6 (£2) continue on to Capel Curig (30 minutes, up to 12 daily) and Betws-y-Coed (40 minutes). Buses 85 and 86 head to Bangor (£3.30, 40 minutes, 16 daily Monday to Friday), and buses 88 and 89 head to Caernarfon (£2.20, 20 minutes, one to two per hour Monday to Friday). ### SNOWDON SHERPA BUS SERVICE The Snowdon Sherpa service, a circuit of buses that scurries around the slopes of Snowdon, linking up the six main trailheads, is a real boon for walkers. It means you can access trailheads by public transport from nearby towns; or you can walk up the mountain by one path and come down by another, and then hop on a bus to take you back to your starting point. Check timetables carefully, however; the S6 service, for example, is extremely limited. Services S1, S2, S3 and S6 link Llanberis, Pen-y-Pass, Betws-y-Coed and Llanrwst. The S4 runs between Caernarfon, Waunfawr and Beddgelert. The S6 joins Bangor, Bethesda and Betws-y-Coed. The S97 runs from Porthmadog to Beddgelert and Pen-y-Pass. A day ticket costs adult/child £4/2, but may be a false economy: a single trip on services S1, S4 and S6 costs £2/1 and on the S2 and S3 £1.50/75p. For up-to-date timetables, see the Gwynedd Council website (www.gwynedd.gov.uk). ### Betws-y-Coed Pop 2250 Blessed with an almost Alpine atmosphere, the bustling little stone village of Betws-y-Coed (bet-us-ee-koyd) makes an excellent base for exploring Snowdonia National Park. It sports a postcard-perfect setting above an inky river, engulfed in the verdant leafiness of the Gwydyr Forest, near the junction of three river valleys: the Llugwy, the Conwy and the Lledr. Betws is a walker and cyclist magnet _par excellence_ , as evidenced by a disproportionately high number of outdoor-gear shops and bike-hire joints. The town has been Wales' most popular inland resort since Victorian times, when a group of countryside painters founded an artistic community here. The arrival of the railway in 1868 cemented its popularity, and today Betws-y-Coed is as busy with families and coach parties as it is with walkers. 1Sights & Activities oGwydyr ForestFOREST ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) The 28-sq-mile Gwydyr Forest, planted since the 1920s with oak, beech and larch, encircles Betws-y-Coed and is ideal for a day's walking – though it gets very muddy in wet weather. _Walks Around Betws-y-Coed,_ available from the Betws-y-Coed Tourist Office, details several circular forest walks. Mountain-bikers are challenged by two mountain-biking trails (both waymarked), particularly the tough Marin Trail, as well as the Penmachno Loops, 4km south of town near the village of Penmachno. Swallow FallsWATERFALL (Rhaeadr Ewynnol; GOOGLE MAP ) ; admission £1.50) Located 2 miles west of Betws-y-Coed alongside the A5, this much-visited spot consists of a series of viewpoints flanking a straightforward descent to a mesmeric emerald pool, fed by the torrent weaving through the rocks. Go Below Underground AdventuresADVENTURE TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710108; www.go-below.co.uk; adult/child from £49/39) Explore the depths of an abandoned slate mine, armed with a harness, headlamp and helmet. Five- to six-hour adventures involve abseiling down shafts, zip-lining, (and perilous traverses in the case of Challenge Xtreme). Book in advance. It's based on the A5 south of Betws-y-Coed at the turn-off to Penmachno. Beics BetwsBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710766; www.bikewales.co.uk; Vicarage Rd; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat Mar-Nov, call ahead at other times) Can advise on cycling trails; and repairs and hires mountain bikes (per day £28 to £32). #### WORTH A TRIP ### BLAENAU FFESTINIOG Most of the slate used to roof 19th-century Britain came from Wales, and much of that came from the mines of Blaenau ( _blay_ -nye) Ffestiniog. Encircled by dark, bare mountains of slate, Blaenau feels oddly like a ski town in the off-season, with few people on the streets and frequently miserable weather, so it's a good thing that its main attraction lies underground. oLlechwedd Slate CavernsMINE ( %01766-830306; www.llechwedd-slate-caverns.co.uk; tours adult/child £15/10; h9.30am-5.30pm) Don a helmet, grab a seat in the cramped yellow funicular, and you're ready to descend into the subterranean gloom of the Llechwedd Slate Caverns: Blaenau's former lifeblood. On the hour-long tour, a guide leads you through the 1846 network of narrow, dripping tunnels and vast caverns – including one occasionally used now as a wedding chapel – describing the harsh lives of Victorian miners who worked 12-hour days here by candlelight. The final section involves mounting a flight of 70 steps; once back up to the surface, you can potter around the workshops and watch slate being expertly cut into tiles. 4Sleeping Betws-y-Coed YHAHOSTEL, CAMPGROUND ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710796; www.swallowfallshotel.co.uk; Holyhead Rd, Swallow Falls; dm/tw £18/40, site per adult/child £8/4; p W #) Popular with ramblers and cyclists, this hostel is part of a bustling traveller hub with a year-round campsite, pub and upmarket inn next door. There's a kitchen for guest use, en suite dorms sleeping four to 10 people, functional twins and doubles, and an indoor games room. Tŷ Gwyn HotelHISTORIC HOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710383; www.tygwynhotel.co.uk; A5; r £60-140; p W) This ex–coaching inn has been welcoming guests since 1636, its venerable age borne out by misshapen rooms, low ceilings and exposed beams. Four rooms share facilities, while the others are en suite. The **restaurant** (mains £14-20) menu focuses on hearty, meaty mains, but vegetarian choices and lighter bar-style meals are also available. It's just across Waterloo Bridge. Maes-y-GarthB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710441; www.maes-y-garth.co.uk; Lon Muriau, off A470; r £76-118; p W) Just across the river and a field from the township, this hillside home has earned itself many fans. Inside you'll find a warm welcome from owners happy to share their knowledge of the area. Five quietly stylish guest rooms have gorgeous views; perhaps the nicest is room 4, where you can watch the sunset over Snowdonia from your own balcony. Afon GwynB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710442; www.guest-house-betws-y-coed.com; A470, Coed-y-Celyn; r £176-256; p W) Down in the valley, this old stone house has been skilfully converted into a grand boutique guesthouse run by attentive management. The decor is faultlessly tasteful, with white-painted wooden panelling, a bright and sunny conservatory where meals are served, glittering chandeliers, and bathrooms bedecked in Italian tiles and marble. Wi-fi reception in all rooms but one. 5Eating Cwmni Cacen GriCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cwmnicacengri.co.uk; Station approach; Welsh cakes each £0.50; h9am-4.30pm Tue-Sun; v) At this pint-sized spot, two local ladies serve Welsh cakes straight off the griddle – from traditional to unusually flavoured sweet and savoury. Pies, homemade cake and good coffee also available: ideal picnic fodder. oBistro Betws-y-CoedWELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710328; www.bistrobetws-y-coed.com; Holyhead Rd; lunch £6-9, dinner £13-20; hnoon-3pm & 6.30-9.30pm Jun-Sep, closed Mon & Tue Oct-May) This cottage-style brasserie's statement of intent is 'modern and traditional Welsh' and it gets the pairings of ingredients just right. Treats may include wood pigeon with blueberry pancakes, goats cheese rarebit and spiced honey belly pork, served by ultrafriendly, professional staff. Book days in advance during high season or taste bitter disappointment. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01690-710426; www.eryri-npa.gov.uk; Royal Oak Stables; h9.30am-5.30pm) Across the road from the train station. Sells books and maps. 8Getting There & Away Snowdon Sherpa buses S2, S3 (£1.50) and S6 (£2) stop outside the train station, with services to Swallow Falls (five minutes, up to 12 daily), Capel Curig (10 minutes), Pen-y-Pass (20 minutes) and Llanberis (30 minutes). Betws-y-Coed is on the Conwy Valley Line (www.conwyvalleyrailway.co.uk), with six daily train services (three on Sundays) to Llandudno (£5.60, 52 minutes) and Blaenau Ffestiniog (£4.50, 27 minutes). Blaenau is a stop between Caernarfon and Porthmadog on the historic Ffestiniog Railway. ### Beddgelert Pop 500 Charming little Beddgelert is a conservation village of rough grey stone buildings overlooking the trickling River Glaslyn with its ivy-covered bridge. The name, meaning 'Gelert's Grave', is said to refer to a folk tale concerning 13th-century Welsh prince Llywelyn. Believing that his dog Gelert had savaged his baby son, Llywelyn slaughtered the dog, only to discover that Gelert had fought off the wolf that had attacked the baby. More likely, the name Beddgelert is derived from a 5th-century Irish preacher, Celert, who is believed to have founded a church here. Regardless, the 'grave' of Gelert the dog is a popular attraction, reached by a pretty riverside trail. It was probably constructed by a 19th-century hotelier in an attempt to boost business – clearly a successful gambit. 1Sights & Activities Sygun Copper MineMINE (www.syguncoppermine.co.uk; adult/under 15yr £8.95/6.95; h9.30am-5pm Mar-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Feb) A mile east of Beddgelert, this mine was first worked by Romans, then by 19th-century miners. Disembodied voices guide you throughout the 45-minute self-guided tour through narrow, glistening tunnels, up steep steps and into caverns with dioramas evoking Victorian miner life. There's an absorbing little Museum of Antiquities on-site and you can also try your hand at metal-detecting or panning for gold. Aberglaslyn Gorge & Moel HebogWALKING Two excellent walks start near Beddgelert. The Aberglaslyn Gorge trail runs alongside the pretty Glaslyn river through the gorge until you hit the main road at Pont Aberglaslyn (3 miles return, two hours). The ascent of Moel Hebog hill (783m) is a more strenuous hike (8-mile loop, five hours), made particularly worthwhile by the scenic ridge walk that takes in two more peaks. The tourist office has leaflets on the hikes. Beddgelert ForestMOUNTAIN BIKING Within this forestry commission block, 2 miles north of Beddgelert along the A4805, is a popular campsite and two mountain-bike trails: the 9.5km Hir Trail and the easier 4km Byr Trail. Beddgelert Bikes, by the West Highland railway station in the village, rents out mountain bikes, tandems and child seats. 4Sleeping & Eating oBwyty & Wety HebogB&B ( %01766-890400; www.hebog-eatandsleep.co.uk; Fford Caernarfon; s/d £45/75; W) A welcome addition to Beddgelert's sleeping and dining scene, Bwyty features three cheerful en suite singles and a compact double with eye-catching wallpaper. The downstairs cafe morphs into a sleek bistro by night, serving the likes of brie tart and Welsh lamb with samphire (mains £9 to £22). An on-site chip shop and summer terrace overlooking the babbling Glaslyn seal the deal. Plas Tan y GraigB&B ( %01766-890310; www.plas-tanygraig.co.uk; Smith St; s £54-78, d £88-90; hmid-Feb–Oct; W) This bright, friendly place is an appealing B&B in the heart of the village. It has seven uncluttered rooms, five with bathrooms, and a lounge full of maps and books. Minimum two-night stay April to October. Glaslyn Ices & Cafe GlandwrICE CREAM (www.glaslynices.co.uk; mains £4-10; h10am-5pm Sun-Fri, 9.30am-8.30pm Sat; c) In summer you'll spot this ice-cream parlour by the massive queues out the door. It serves 24 highly lickable homemade flavours and is attached to a family **restaurant** offering paninis, pizza, sandwiches and more. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01766-890615; www.eryri-npa.gov.uk; Canolfan Hebog; h9.30am-5.30pm daily Easter-Oct, to 4.30pm Fri-Sun Nov-Easter) Sells leaflets on hikes around Beddgelert. 8Getting There & Away Beddgelert is a stop on the historic Welsh Highland Railway, which runs between Caernarfon (£26.80 return, 1½ hours) and Porthmadog (£19.20 return, 50 minutes). Snowdon Sherpa bus S4 runs to Caernarfon (£2, 30 minutes, daily), while S97 heads to Porthmadog (£2, 25 minutes, three to four daily) in one direction and Pen-y-Pass (20 minutes) in the other. ## 2Walking Tour The Glyder Traverse **Start** Idwal Cottage **Finish** Idwal Cottage **Length** 6.5 miles; six to eight hours Snowdon often steals the fanfare but in nearby Ogwen Valley other equally challenging peaks clamour for attention. This rugged day hike takes in Glyder Fach and Glyder Fawr, with an optional scramble up Tryfan peak (recommended for fit hikers with a head for heights). Come prepared with wet-weather gear, map and GPS in case fog rolls in. Cross the footbridge from the car park at Idwal Cottage (off the A5). As the path forks, carry on straight ahead up the 1 **Miner's Track** that crosses some bracken-covered, boggy ground before climbing steeply up Cwm Bochlwyd to the sheltered 2 **Llyn Bochlwyd** lake. Ignore the track veering off to the right and continue ascending instead towards the gap between Tryfan and Glyder Fach. Once you've reached the 3 **ridge** with its stone wall, you can detour up the 4 **Tryfan's South Ridge**. It's a 30-minute, straightforward scramble up giant rocks to Tryfan's famous summit (918m) feature – the 5 **Adam and Eve rocks**. Tempted to climb up and jump the 5ft gap? Don't do it on a windy day! Once you've taken in the view of Llyn Ogwen below and the Carnedd mountains opposite, retrace your steps to the stone wall. Use the ladder crossing and then either power up the steep shortcut of 6 **Bristly Ridge** or take the moderately inclined 7 **footpath** that cuts across the eastern flank of Glyder Fach; make a sharp right up towards the jumble of dark rock slabs that mark the 8 **Glyder Fach summit** (994m), with the famous Cantilever – a slab of rock balanced on two shorter rocks – just a few metres away. A straightforward, cairn-marked walk passes the dramatic black-rock spikes of 9 **Castell y Gwynt** (Castle of the Winds) en route across the bare, rock-strewn plateau to a **Glyder Fawr** (1001m). A steep, scree-strewn path zigzags down to the b **Devil's Kitchen** ridge. Head right along the path that makes its way between giant boulders to the shores of c **Llyn Idwal**. Skirt the lake from the left for the best views of Cwm Idwal, cross the footbridge, turn left and follow the footpath back to the car park. ### Capel Curig Pop 205 Tiny Capel Curig, 5 miles west of Betws-y-Coed and ringed by looming mountains, is one of Snowdonia's oldest hill stations, and has long been a magnet for walkers, climbers and other outdoor junkies. The village spreads out along the A5, but the main hub of activity is at the intersection of the A4086. Plas y Brenin ( %01690-720214; www.pyb.co.uk; A4086), at the western edge of the village, is a multiactivity centre offering an array of year-round courses on both land and water, ranging from basic rock climbing and summer and winter mountaineering to kayaking, canoeing and abseiling. Taster days for youngsters are available throughout the school holidays. Plas Curig Hostel ( %01690-720225; www.snowdoniahostel.co.uk; A5; dm/d/f from £23/50/90; p W #) pays great attention to the comfort of its guests. Most bunks have privacy curtains, there's a large, well-equipped kitchen and a drying room for soggy hiking gear. Snowdon Sherpa buses S2 and S6 stop here. ### HERITAGE RAILWAY DISCOUNT CARD Wales is the Holy Grail for lovers of steam engines. Ten narrow-gauge railways used for mining and quarrying during Wales' industrial heyday have been lovingly restored to form a group called Great Little Trains of Wales (www.greatlittletrainsofwales.co.uk; £10). A discount card entitles the holder to a 20% discount for a return trip on each of the 10 participating railways, which include Talyllyn Railway, Welsh Highland Railway and Snowdon Mountain Railway. ### Snowdon No Snowdonia National Park experience is complete without coming face-to-face with Snowdon (1085m), one of Britain's most awe-inspiring mountains and the highest in Wales. On a clear day the views stretch to Ireland and the Isle of Man over Snowdon's fine jagged ridges, which drop away in great swoops to sheltered _cwms_ (valleys) and deep lakes. Even on a gloomy day you could find yourself above the clouds. The Snowdon Mountain Railway and several well-marked trails make the mountain extremely accessible; however, that does mean that you're highly unlikely to have the summit or the approach all to yourself. 1Sights & Activities Climbing Snowdon Your prize, the barren peak of Snowdon, awaits. Seven routes lead up to the summit, each with its own difficulties and rewards. Now that you've accepted the challenge, will it be the path of least resistance or the road less taken? * **Llanberis Path** (5 miles; three hours) Starts in Llanberis. The longest route but with a gentle incline and popular with families. Runs beside the railway line. * **Snowdon Ranger Path** (4 miles; three hours) Starts at Snowdon Ranger YHA. Straightforward but with two steep sections. Relatively uncrowded. * **Miners' Track** (4 miles; 2½ hours) Starts at Pen-y-Pass car park. Broad and flat for much of the way; skirts Llyn Llydaw and climbs steeply to meet Pyg Track. Then there's a final steep zigzag to meet Llanberis Path near the summit. * **Pyg Track** (3.5 miles; 2½ hours) Starts at the western end of Pen-y-Pass car park. Climbs quite steeply up to Bwlch y Moch and skirts Crib Goch with great views down on Llyn Llydaw before switchbacking up to the summit. * **Snowdon Horseshoe** (8-mile loop; six to eight hours) Starts with the Pyg Track, but involves a short, steep scramble up to the exposed knife-edge Crib Goch ridge (only attempt if you're very experienced), a traverse to Crib-y-Dddysgl pinnacle and a precipitous descent down the scree-covered east side of Snowdon. Another short scramble takes you up to the twin summits of Y Lliwedd, and then it's a straightforward descent into Cwm Dyli to rejoin the Miners' Track. * **Rhyd Ddu Path** (4 miles; three hours) Starts off the Caernarfon–Beddgelert road (A4085). Follows grazing land before skirting the rim of Cwm Clogwyn and Yr Wyddfa's south ridge. Beautiful and uncrowded. * **Watkin Path** (4 miles; three hours). Starts from Bethania Bridge in Nantgwynant. A challenging route that involves an ascent of more than 1000m. A wooded track narrows and ascends Cwm Llan before skirting the base of Craig Ddu. Then it's a scramble across a steep-sided scree-covered slope to Bwlch Ciliau, the saddle between Snowdon's summit and Y Lliwedd, and another steep ascent to Snowdon itself. Make sure you're well prepared with warm, waterproofed clothing and sturdy footwear, and always take food, drink, a map and a compass or GPS. Conditions can deteriorate quickly; check the weather forecast before setting out. Snowdon by Rail oSnowdon Mountain RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( %0844 493 8120; www.snowdonrailway.co.uk; return diesel adult/child £27/18, steam £35/25; h9am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) Those industrious, railway-obsessed Victorians have gifted today's visitors with an alternative to a three-hour mountain walk: the UK's highest and only public rack-and-pinion railway, opened in 1896. Vintage steam and modern diesel locomotives haul carriages from Llanberis up to Snowdon's summit in an hour. Single tickets can only be booked for the journey up (adult/child £20/15) and return trips involve a scant half-hour at the top before heading back down again. Book in advance due to huge popularity. Departures are weather-dependent and based on customer demand; from March to May the trains head only as far as Clogwyn Station (adult/child return £21/13) – at an altitude of 779m. 4Sleeping Accommodation options are scattered around Snowdon's slopes and make ideal hiking bases. Pen-y-Pass YHAHOSTEL ( %0845 371 9534; www.yha.org.uk; A4086; dm/d £20/52.50; hMar-Dec) Superbly situated 5.5 miles up the A4086 from Llanberis, right at the start of two trails up Snowdon. Reopened in June 2014 after extensive renovations. Snowdon Ranger YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0800 0191 700; www.yha.org.uk; dm/tr/q £19/57/73; p i) On the A4085, 5 miles north of Beddgelert, at the trailhead for the Snowdon Ranger Path, this former inn is full of character and has its own adjoining lakeside beach. Bryn Gwynant YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0800 0195 465; www.yha.org.uk; Nantgwynant; dm/tw/f £19/50/73; hMar-Oct; p) Victorian mansion with splendid lake views, 4 miles east of Beddgelert, well-located for various outdoor sports and near the start of the tricky Watkin Path up Snowdon. Three-course meals are available on request, as are maps of the area. Pen-y-GwrydHOTEL ( %01286-870211; www.pyg.co.uk; Nant Gwynant; s/d £43/86; p W #) Creeper-clad Pen-y-Gwryd was used as a training base by Edmund Hilary's 1953 Everest team. Their signatures are on the dining-room ceiling and if your child under 12 makes it up and down Snowdon without having to be carried, they get to drink from Hilary's own tankard. Five of the rooms are en suite; full board and sauna are available for dedicated hikers. You'll find the hotel below Pen-y-Pass, at the junction of the A498 and A4086. 8Information Hafod EryriTOURIST INFORMATION ( h10am to 20min before last train departure; W) Just below the cairn that marks Snowdon's summit, the Hafod Eryri centre is clad in oak and granite and curved to blend into the mountain. Ambient interpretative elements are built into the structure itself, and inside there are toilets and a decent cafe. The centre (including toilets) closes in the winter or if the weather's terrible. 8Getting There & Away Snowdon Sherpa buses stop at all of the trailheads. Buses S1, S2, S6 cost £1.50 to £2; adult/child day ticket costs £4/2. Car parks fill up quickly; on a fine day you won't find a parking space at the Pen-y-Pass car park after 8am (even though it costs £10 per day). Park near the junction of A4086 and A498 and walk up, or drive to the free car park at Gwastadnant along the A4086 and catch either a Sherpa bus to Pen-y-Pass or a minivan shuttle (£1). The Welsh Highland Railway stops at the trailhead of the Rhyd Ddu path, and there is a request stop (Snowdon Ranger Halt) where you can alight for the Snowdon Ranger path. ### Bala (Y Bala) Pop 1975 The quiet Welsh-speaking town of Bala draws scores of kayakers, canoeists, windsurfers and rafters due to its proximity to Wales' largest natural lake, 4-mile-long **Llyn Tegid** (Bala Lake), as well as the River Tryweryn, hallowed in white-water kayaking circles. 1Sights & Activities National White Water CentreRAFTING (Canolfan Dŵr Gwyn Genedlaethol; %01678-521083; www.ukrafting.co.uk; Frongoch; 1-/2-hr trip £32/66; h9am-4.30pm Mon-Fri) This centre runs year-round rafting, kayaking, inflatable Orca and canoeing trips on a 1.5-mile stretch of the Tryweryn that is almost continuous class-III white water with some class IV sections. Trips can be combined with rock climbing, mountain biking, pony trekking, bushcraft, canyoning, and quad biking on an Adventure Breaks package (£135 including accommodation). Book at least two days in advance. Located 3.5 miles northwest of Bala on A4212. Bala Adventure & Watersports CentreWATER SPORTS ( %01678-521059; www.balawatersports.com; Pensarn Rd) This one-stop activity and hire centre, behind the leisure centre by the lakeshore, offers windsurfing, sailing, paddleboarding, canoeing, kayaking, white-water rafting, mountain-biking, rock-climbing and abseiling courses (costing from £38/75 per half-/full day). Rental gear includes paddleboards (£20), kayaks (£12), canoes (£25), windsurfers (£18) and sailing boats (from £28); all prices are per hour. 4Sleeping & Eating Good accommodation and dining options are rather thin on the ground in Bala proper. Bala BackpackersHOSTEL ( %01678-521700; www.bala-backpackers.co.uk; 32 Tegid St; dm/tw from £21/49; hreception 8-10am & 5-10pm) Pros: central location, brightly painted dorms (some windowless) with four single beds maximum, private rooms in a separate building, fully equpped kitchen, and plenty of local info. Cons: the owner may not win prizes for congeniality; you have to bring your own bed linen; there's a midnight curfew; and there's no wi-fi or internet. oAbercelyn Country HouseB&B ( %01678-521109; www.abercelyn.co.uk; Llanycil; s £60, d £80-100; p W) Luxurious rooms in classical style, excellent breakfasts and a lovely setting in gardens with a gurgling brook win rave reviews for this former rectory (1729). The owner is a mountain guide and white-water enthusiast. It's located on the A494, a mile along the lake from the town. Two-night minimum stays apply in high season. Eagles Inn (Tafarn Yr Eryod)PUB ( %01678-540278; www.yr-eagles.co.uk; Llanuwchllyn; mains £8-16.50; h11am-11pm Sun-Wed, to midnight Thu-Sat, closed lunch Mon; v) Your consummate Welsh-speaking village pub but with food that's a step above: most of the vegetables and some of the meat comes from its own garden. 8Information Bala Information PointTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitbala.org; Penllyn Leisure Centre, Pensarn Rd; h10am-4pm Fri-Tue Easter-Sep; W) Unstaffed information point located inside the leisure centre by the lake. 8Getting There & Away Buses stop on the High St. Bus X94 heads to/from Barmouth (£4.60, one hour, eight daily Monday to Saturday) via Dolgellau (£3.80, 35 minutes), and Wrexham (£5, 1½ hours) via Llangollen (£4.80, 53 minutes); and bus X6 heads to Betws-y-Coed (£3.20, 1¼ hours, daily Monday to Friday). #### DON'T MISS ### TYDDYN LLAN An elegant property set among gardens in the tranquil Vale of Edeirion, Tyddyn Llan ( %01490-440264; www.tyddynllan.co.uk; r £195-230, ste £300; p W) is a cosy bolthole for a rural retreat. The 12 rooms and a suite each boast their own individual style, some frou-frou romantic, some shabby-chic modern. We are still salivating at the memory of our last visit to the hotel's restaurant (2-/3-course dinner £45/55; hlunch Fri-Sun, dinner daily; p); some dishes were extraodinary, while others merely good, but the rack of lamb and rib-eye were cooked to juicy perfection. It's 7.5 miles east of Bala on the B4401. ### Dolgellau Pop 2690 The seat of Owain Glyndŵr's Welsh Parliament, a safe haven for Quakers, even a gold-rush town: charming little market-town Dolgellau has worn many hats over the centuries. The prosperous wool industry that ruled here in the 18th and early 19th centuries is responsible for the highest concentration of listed buildings in Wales. Dolgellau's enviable location, its clutch of boutique B&Bs and a surprisingly diverse dining scene for a place of its size make the town an ideal springboard for tackling Snowdonia's varied terrain on two legs or two wheels. 1Sights & Activities Tŷ SiamasMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-421800; www.tysiamas.com; Eldon Sq; h10am-4pm Tue-Fri, to 1pm Sat; c) As Dolgellau has been an important folk-music hub ever since it held the first Welsh folk festival in 1952, the town's former market hall has been transformed into Tŷ Siamas, the National Centre for Welsh Folk Music. It's named after the creator of the Welsh triple harp, which you can try playing by using the touch screens in the interactive music exhibition. Cader IdrisMOUNTAIN Cader Idris (893m), or the 'Seat of Idris' (a legendary giant), is a hulking, menacing-looking mountain whose peaks are said to attract hounds of the underworld, and strange light effects are often sighted in the area. It's also said that anyone who spends the night on the summit will awake either mad or a poet, but in spite of its reputation (or perhaps because of it) its trails attract serious hikers and it's Snowdonia's favourite locale for rock climbers. When tackling Cader Idris, the main route is the **Pony Path** (6 miles return, five hours), which begins from the Tŷ Nant car park on the A493 southwest of Dolgellau. At the south side of the mountain is the start of the longest but easiest **Tywyn** or **Llanfihangel y Pennant Path** (10 miles, seven hours), northeast from the Talyllyn Railway terminus at Abergynolwyn. The shortest and most picturesque trail is the **Minffordd Path** (6 miles, five hours), which skirts the rim of Cwm Cau and begins from the Dôl Idris car park, 6 miles south of Dolgellau at the junction of the A487 and the B4405. A visitor centre and tearoom by the car park provides information and succour. Coed-y-Brenin Forest ParkMOUNTAIN BIKING (www.forestry.gov.uk/coedybrenin; A470) S Covering 3600 hectares, this woodland park is mountain-biker central. It's laced with more than 70 miles of purpose-built cycle trails, divided into seven graded routes, ranging from 'easy' (green) to 'severe' (black), along with a family-friendly flat forest trail. Routes are impressively presented by way of old-fashioned waterproof trail cards or downloadable geocaches and MP3 audio files. Bike hire available. The visitor centre is 8 miles north of Dolgellau off the A470. Precipice WalkWALKING This 3-mile circular walk through the private Nannau estate leads you through woodland, down lakeside paths, into conifer plantations and along the brink of a dramatic sheer-sided precipice, with stunning views of Cader Idris, Snowdon and the Mawddach Estuary along the way. The walk starts from Saith Groesffordd car park, Llanfachreth, around 2½ miles from Dolgellau (well signposted). 4Sleeping HYB BunkhouseHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-421755; www.medi-gifts.com; 2 Bridge St; dm/r £21/84; p W) The only budget accommodation in town, this oak-beamed hostel has spartan rooms, each sleeping four people (in bunk beds), with handy kitchenettes. Accommodation is rented by the room during busy periods – enquire at the Medi gift shop below. Bryn Mair HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-422640; www.brynmairbedandbreakfast.co.uk; Love Lane; s £75-85, d £95-105; p W) On wistfully monikered Love Lane, this former Georgian rectory has three comfortable B&B rooms, all kitted out with DVDs, iPod docks and supremely comfortable beds, and presided over by effusive hosts. Room 1 has sublime mountain views, and breakfast is superb. Pandy IsafB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-423949; www.pandyisaf-accommodation.co.uk; s/d from £55/80; p) This peaceful old mill houses three spotless, luxurious rooms with classic decor and supremely comfortable beds. All rooms overlook the river, where frolicking otters can be spotted. The warm, welcoming hosts provide the perfect start to the day by cooking up a fantastic breakfast. It's 2 miles northeast of Dolgellau off the A494. oFfynnonB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-421774; www.ffynnontownhouse.com; Love Lane; s £100, d £150-215; p W) With a keen eye for contemporary design and a superfriendly welcome, this first-rate boutique guesthouse feels both homely and stylish. French antiques are mixed in with modern chandeliers, claw-foot tubs and electronic gadgets, and each of the six individually decorated rooms has a seating area so you can admire the views in comfort. There's also an outdoor hot tub. 5Eating TH RobertsCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Parliament House, Glyndŵr St; mains £4.50-7; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat; W) This former ironmonger's shop, complete with tall ceilings, original counter, antique lamp holders and 'Produce of India' barrels, has morphed into the town's favourite coffee shop. If the aroma of freshly ground brew is not enough to lure you in, perhaps you'll come for the light meals (soup, Welsh rarebit, sandwiches, cakes), friendly service and a leisurely newspaper read. Y SospanCAFE, BISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-423174; Queen's Sq; breakfast & lunch £5-9, dinner £12-17; h9am-9.30pm; W) With its encroaching wooden-beamed ceilings and book-lined walls, this 1606 building once served as a prison (though the food has much improved since). A cafe by day, serving fry-up breakfasts, sandwiches, jacket potatoes, light-cooked meals and great homemade cakes, Y Sospan turns into a cosy bistro by night: lamb and steak play the starring roles, but vegetarians will find options too. Mawddach RestaurantMODERN WELSH (Bwyty Mawddach; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-421752; www.mawddach.com; Llanelltyd; mains £14-21; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Wed-Sat, noon-3.30pm Sun) Located 2 miles west of Dolgellau on the A496, Mawddach brings a touch of urban style to what was once a barn. Slate floors, leather seats and panoramic views across to Cader Idris set the scene. The food is equally impressive: meat straight from nearby farms, fresh local fish specials and imaginative Sunday lunches (two/three courses £20.95/22.95). 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-422888; www.eryri-npa.gov.uk; Eldon Sq; h9.30am-5pm) Plenty of local info; also sells maps, local-history books, the _Dolgellau Town Trail_ (£1) brochure and trail leaflets for climbing Cader Idris. Upstairs there's an interesting little exhibition on the region's Quaker heritage. 8Getting There & Away Dolgellau Cycles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01341-423332; www.dolgellaucycles.co.uk; Smithfield St) rents bikes, performs repairs and offers advice on local cycle routes. Lôn Las Cymru, the Welsh National Cycle Route (NCN Route 8), passes through Dolgellau, heading north to Porthmadog and south to Machynlleth. All buses stop on Eldon Sq in the heart of town. Routes include T2 to Machynlleth (£2.60, 35 minutes, two to four daily) and Aberystwyth (£5.40, 1¼ hours), and in the other direction to Porthmadog (£3.80, 50 minutes), Caernarfon (£5.40, 1½ hours) and Bangor (£5.40, two hours); bus 35 to Blaenau Ffestiniog (£4.20, 50 minutes, Monday to Saturday); and X94 to Barmouth (£1.80, 20 minutes, four to eight daily), Bala (£2.20, 35 minutes) and Llangollen (£4.80, 1½ hours). #### WORTH A TRIP ### LIVING IN A TREEHOUSE oLiving Room TreehousesTREEHOUSE ( %01654-703700; www.living-room.co; 3 day & 2 night stay £349) A _Peter Pan_ and _The Swiss Family Robinson_ fantasy come alive, these five cosy, rustic-glam treehouses (our favourite is Gwdy Hw: pronounced Goody-Hoo) are found in an enchanting forest off the A470. You're as close to nature as can be (you're up a tree!), yet the beds are luxurious, the wood-burning stoves keep you warm and the seclusion is glorious; it's perfect for a romantic getaway. The Bryn Meurig treehouse, lower off the ground, makes for a memorable family weekend away. Arrival days are Sundays, Wednesdays and Fridays. ### Mawddach Estuary An important bird habitat, the glorious Mawddach Estuary is a striking sight – flanked by woodlands, wetlands and the romantic mountains of southern Snowdonia. Mawddach Trail ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mawddachtrail.co.uk) is a 9½-mile flat walking and cycling path that skirts the estuary's southern edge. It follows an old railway line from the bridge in Dolgellau, through woods and past wetlands, before crossing over the rail viaduct to Barmouth (from where you can grab the bus back). Mawddach Way (www.mawddachway.co.uk) is a 30-mile, two- to three-day track looping through the hills on either side of the estuary. Although the highest point is 346m, by the end of the undulating path you'll have climbed 2226m. An A5 booklet can be ordered or downloaded online from the website (booklet/download £10/5); GPS route data can be downloaded for free. ### Fairbourne Pop pop 720 Fairbourne is a small seaside settlement with a lovely long beach. In the next couple of decades, however, it's likely the village will have to begin retreating inland as holding back the sea is becoming too costly. Until then, visitors can enjoy the steam-hauled Fairbourne Railway ( %01341-250362; www.fairbournerailway.com; Beach Rd; adult/child return £9/5.25; hEaster-Oct), Wales' only seaside narrow-gauge railway. The line heads north along the coast for 2.5 miles to Penrhyn Point, where there are ferries across the mouth of the Mawddach to Barmouth, timed to meet the trains. Fairbourne is on the Cambrian Coast train line and bus 28 from Dolgellau (£2.70, 25 minutes, eight daily Monday to Friday) stops here. #### WORTH A TRIP ### TALYLLYN RAILWAY Talyllyn RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (Rheilffordd Talyllyn; %01654-710472; www.talyllyn.co.uk; Wharf Station; adult/under 15yr return £15.95/2.20; hEaster-Oct, select days rest of year) Talyllyn Railway, or the locomotive that plies its narrow-gauge rails, was the inspiration behind Rev W Awdry's _Thomas the Tank Engine_ stories. This enchanting little railway was saved from closure in 1950 by the world's first railway-preservation society. The locomotive puffs for 7.3 scenic, steam-powered miles up the Fathew Valley from Tywyn to Nant Gwernol. Hop out at one or more of the five stations along the way for a ramble along the waymarked walking trails. Your ticket entitles you to all-day travel and you can take your canine friend along on a 'dog Rover' ticket. If you've always dreamed of driving a steam locomotive yourself, afternoon, evening and full-day driving experiences (£350/400/700) take place on select days under the watchful eye of a locomotive driver. The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum (www.ngrm.org.uk; h10.30am-4.30pm Apr-Sep) at Tywyn's Wharf Station is one for the history buffs. It features shiny narrow-gauge steam locomotives, the story of the volunteers who preserved the railway, and regular temporary exhibitions on train- and Tywyn-related subjects. ### Barmouth (Abermaw) Pop 2315 In the summer months, and particularly in late June when it hosts the Three Peaks Yacht Race (www.threepeaksyachtrace.co.uk; hJun), the seaside resort of Barmouth is an assault on the senses. Wall-to-wall chip shops, ice-cream stalls, pubs and dodgem rides cater to the summertime train-loads of tourists. Outside those times, however, you can enjoy the vast, windswept and dune-studded Blue Flag beach at your leisure. Wales' only surviving wooden rail viaduct spans the estuary and has a handy pedestrian walkway across it. 1Sights Tŷ Crwn RoundhouseHISTORIC BUILDING (The Quay; h10.30am-5pm) F Barmouth's attractions include the Tŷ Crwn Roundhouse, a squat, round 17th-century stone prison where drunk sailors and slatterns were once locked up for 'wanton mischief'. Last HaulMONUMENT (Church St) This carved slab of marble along Church St hails from the coast's most famous shipwreck. 4Sleeping & Eating Richmond HouseB&B ( %01341-281366; www.barmouthbedandbreakfast.co.uk; High St; s/d £65/80; p W) Bed down for the night at supercentral Richmond House, which features contemporary rooms and an attractive garden for summer lounging. Harbour Fish BarFISH & CHIPS (Church St; mains from £7; hnoon-10pm) Queue for your perfectly battered fish and then head for a picnic on the beach. 6Drinking Last InnPUB ( %01341-280530; Church St; hnoon-11pm) Stop for a drink at this characterful 15th-century building where the mountain behind it forms its rear wall. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01341-280787; www.visitsnowdonia.info; Station Rd; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, 10am-3.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar; W) The helpful tourist office is inside the train station. 8Getting There & Away Bus routes to/from Barmouth include 38 to Harlech (£1.60, 33 minutes, 11 daily Monday to Saturday) and X94 to Llangollen (£5, two hours, eight daily Monday to Saturday) via Dolgellau (£2.20, 24 minutes) and Bala (£3.80, one hour). Barmouth is on the Cambrian Coast Line (www.thecambrianline.co.uk). Services to Machynlleth, Fairbourne, Harlech, Porthmadog and Pwllheli have been replaced by buses until further notice. ### Harlech Pop 1760 Dramatically positioned on a rocky outcrop and framed by gleaming Tremadog Bay in the distance, Harlech is best known for the mighty, grey-stone towers of its castle, the southernmost of Edward I's 'iron ring' fortifications, designed to keep the Welsh firmly beneath his boot. Gentrified Harlech consists of just a handful of streets, dotted with antique shops, and a few good places to slumber and dine. As such, it's a wonderful place to base yourself for your forays to the coast or deeper into Snowdonia National Park. 1Sights oHarlech CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Castle St; adult/child £4.25/3.20; h9.30am-5pm) The southernmost of Edward I's 'iron ring' of fortresses, this formidable concentric castle (1289) has been called the 'Castle of Lost Causes' because it has been lucklessly defended so many times. Owain Glyndŵr captured it after a long siege in 1404; it fell to the Yorks in the Wars of the Roses; and gave in to Cromwell's forces in 1647. From the crumbling ramparts there are all-encompassing views of the surrounding countryside, best seen from the southern wall privy. 4Sleeping & Eating Maelgwyn HouseB&B ( %01766-780087; www.maelgwynharlech.co.uk; Ffordd Isaf; r £70-95; p W) A model B&B, Maelgwyn offers delicious breakfasts and six elegant rooms stocked with DVD players, with tremendous views across the bay from the largest two. Bridget and Derek really give this place a 'home away from home' ambience, and can arrange birdwatching trips and autumn fungus forays; Derek also shows you his artwork and regales you with life stories. oCastle CottageHOTEL ( %01766-780479; www.castlecottageharlech.co.uk; Ffordd Pen Llech; s £85-125, d £130-175; p W) Within arrow's reach of the castle, Castle Cottage has spacious bedrooms in a contemporary style – all creams and exposed beams paired with flatscreen TVs. The award-winning fine-dining restaurant (2-/3-/5-course dinner £35/40/45) serves a delicious menu that revels in local produce (Welsh lamb, beef and cod, Ruthin chicken, Menai mussels, wild duck) and traditional dishes, executed in classical French style. Cemlyn Tea ShopTEAROOM (www.cemlynteashop.co.uk; High St; snacks around £5; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun; #) The Coles (Jan and Geoff) may be merry old souls, but it's tea that's king here. There are more than 30 varieties on offer, along with a simple range of snacks. Splurge on high tea (from 2.30pm to 4.30pm) served on fine bone china, complete with finger sandwiches, _bara brith_ (a dense and spicy fruit cake flavoured with tea and marmalade), scones, Welsh cakes and sponge (reservations essential). oSoul FoodCARIBBEAN ( %01766-780416; www.caribbeancrabharlech.com; High St; lunch mains £5-8, dinner mains £15-19; h12.30-2.30pm & 6.30-10.30pm Mon-Sat) Having changed its name and location without losing its spicy Trinidadian flavours, Soul Food has added lunchtime Louisiana-style jerk-chicken- or prawn-stuffed po'boys and full British breakfasts to its culinary arsenal. If you can, though, come for dinner to feast on the likes of curry goat, jerk Welsh lamb and blackened salmon. Dinner reservations recommended. 8Information Harlech Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01766-780658; www.eryri-npa.gov.uk; High St; h9.30am-5.30pm) Due to relocate to the new visitor centre being built opposite the castle at the time of writing. 8Getting There & Away Bus 38 heads to Barmouth (£1.60, 30 minutes, 11 daily Monday to Saturday). Direct train services run up the coast to Pwllheli via Porthmadog and down the coast to Machynlleth. ### STORM DAMAGE AFFECTS TRAFFIC Following storm surges and subsequent flooding in December 2013, the railway line between Machynlleth and Pwllheli was damaged, and all rail services along that stretch were replaced by buses until September 2014. The railway is once again operational, but Harlech has been particularly affected. The road/rail bridge that connected the A496 with Porthmadog and Penrhyndeudraeth across the estuary has been closed since the floods. Instead of building a temporary bridge, Gwynedd Council has instead funded a convoy system, which amounts to delays of up to 45 minutes and an extra 8 miles' drive around the estuary. A new, permanent bridge is not expected to be completed before December 2014, so expect severe delays until then. ## WEST OF SNOWDONIA The region between the western fringe of the Snowdonia National Park and the Isle of Anglesey is a staunchly Welsh-speaking area. Indeed, the county of Gwynedd is the traditional heartland of Welsh nationalism; around 70% of people here still use Welsh as their first language. ### Caernarfon Pop 9490 Wedged between the gleaming Menai Strait and the stark mountains of Snowdonia, compact Caernarfon consists of a few medieval streets clustered around North Wales' most formidable fortifications, with the modern town fanning out beyond the ancient town walls and the attractive yacht marina. Given the town's reputation as a centre of Welsh culture (it has the highest percentage of Welsh speakers anywhere), it is highly ironic that Caernarfon's dominant feature is the castle. The last link in Edward I's 'Iron Ring', it was built for the express purpose of suppressing the Welsh. Caernarfon's proximity to the Snowdonia National Park and its proliferation of good eating and slumbering options make it a popular launchpad for Snowdon-bound travellers. ### CADW EXPLORER PASS Cadw Explorer PassDISCOUNT CARD (www.cadw.cymru.gov.uk; 3-/7-day pass £17.50/26.00) A boon for culture vultures looking to do plenty of sightseeing, the Cadw Exporer Pass allows you to visit as many Cadw-run castles and other properties as you like within a set period of time. The three-day pass is valid for seven days, while a seven-day pass can be used within 14 days. See website for a full list of properties. 1Sights & Activities oCaernarfon CastleCASTLE, MUSEUM (Cadw; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; adult/child £6.75/5.10; h9.30am-5pm) Mighty Caernarfon Castle was built on Edward I's orders between 1283 and 1330 as a military stronghold, a seat of government and a royal palace. It was used to consolidate the English hold over the Welsh in two ways: its fortifications repelled Owain Glyndŵr's army in 1404 with a garrison of only 28 men; and when Edward I's son was made by him the Prince of Wales in 1301, the legitimacy of the title was apparently granted by his son's birth at Caernarfon. Inspired by the dream of Macsen Wledig recounted in the _Mabinogion_ , Caernarfon echoes the 5th-century walls of Constantinople, with colour-banded masonry and polygonal towers, instead of the traditional round towers and turrets. Despite its fairy-tale aspect, you can see just how formidable the castle's defences are as you explore the interconnected walls and towers: it successfully resisted three sieges during the Civil War before surrendering to Cromwell's army in 1646. Segontium Roman FortRUIN (Cadw; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Ffordd Cwstenin; h10am-4pm Tue, Wed & Sat Apr-Oct) F These stony foundations, dating back to AD 77, represent the westernmost Roman legionary fort of the Roman Empire, with a crucial strategic position overlooking the Menai Strait. It served as the base for Maximus, whose march on Rome failed spectacularly after he was proclaimed emperor by his British troops. The on-site museum has been recently refurbished. Segontium is located on a hill, about half a mile along the A4085 (heading towards Beddgelert). GreenWood Forest ParkADVENTURE PARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greenwoodforestpark.co.uk; Y Felinheli; admission £12; h10am-5pm late Mar-Oct) S This 7-hectare adventure park makes a brilliant family day out. It offers a slew of activities for infant and junior-school-aged kids, all of which are underpinned by a strong green ethos. You'll find mazes, a giant web to climb, a sledge run, archery, a tree-top playground, den-building, paddle boats, a forest theatre, and the world's first people-powered roller coaster, the Green Dragon. It's signposted from the A487 near Y Felinheli, 4 miles northeast of Caernarfon. Plas MenaiWATER SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01248-670964; www.plasmenai.co.uk; h8.30am-7pm) The excellent National Watersports Centre, 3 miles along the A487 towards Bangor, offers year-round water-based courses (sailing, power-boating, kayaking and windsurfing) for all interests and ability levels. Advance reservations are necessary. Bus 5 (Caernarfon to Bangor) stops a five-minute walk away. Beics MenaiBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-676804; www.beicsmenai.co.uk; 1 Cei Lleichi; per 2/4/6/8hr £15/17/19/22; h9.30am-4pm Tue-Sat) Hires bikes (including tandems, children's bikes and child seats) and can advise on local cycle routes. Recreational cycle routes include the 12.5-mile Lôn Eifion (starting near the Welsh Highland Railway station and running south to Bryncir) and the 4-mile Lôn Las Menai (following the Menai Strait to the village of Y Felinheli). 4Sleeping oTottersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-672963; www.totters.co.uk; 2 High St; dm/d/tr/q incl breakfast £17/47/54/68; W) Modern, clean and very welcoming, this ubercentral independent hostel is the only backpacker joint in town. In addition to traveller-friendly facilities – lockers, guest kitchen, book swap – the 14th-century arched basement gives a sense of history to guests' breakfasts. There's also a spillover town house across the street with doubles for couples. Caer MenaiB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-672612; www.caermenai.co.uk; 15 Church St; s/d/f from £45/57/78; i W) Inside this elegant former county school building (1894), the hospitable hosts preside over seven individually styled, en suite rooms; number 7 has sunset sea views. A full breakfast is provided and vegetarians are well catered for. oVictoria HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-678263; www.thevictoriahouse.co.uk; Church St; r £75-80; i W) Victoria House is a wonderfully homely four-bedroom guesthouse. Spacious modern rooms come with memory-foam mattresses, and nothing's too much trouble for hostess Jan. Thoughtful touches abound, such as an impressive selection of free toiletries and a DVD on the town's history in each room. Breakfast is a joy. Black Boy InnINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-673604; www.black-boy-inn.com; Northgate St; s/d from £57/86; p W) S Though its emblem may incur ire, this traditional inn dates back to 1522 and offers the most atmospheric digs in town, with original wooden beams and four-poster beds in some of the rooms. The snug restaurant-bar serves real ale, as well as monster portions of fish and chips, cassoulet and game pie (mains £9 to £18). 5Eating Y Gegin FachCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/YGeginFach; 5-9 Pool Hill; mains £5-7; h9.30am-3pm) 'The Little Kitchen' is a proper old-fashioned Welsh-speaking _caffi,_ right down to the floral drapes. Kick off your day with the Works breakfast or tuck into traditional faves such as rarebit, faggots (meatballs) and Welsh cakes. You'll wish you had a Welsh granny. oBlasMODERN WELSH ( %01286-677707; www.blascaernarfon.co.uk; 23-25 Hole in the Wall St; mains lunch £7-16, dinner £13-18; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-11pm) You'll think the chef must be some kind of mad genius, pairing wood pigeon with rhubarb and smoked salmon with tangy horseradish ice, but the flavours come together seamlessly and each of the dishes on the short menu really makes your tastebuds sing. The setting is intimate, the service efficient and friendly, and the food's the best in town. OrenFUSION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-669683; www.orencaernarfon.wordpress.com; 12 Church St; 3-course menu £16.50; h7pm-late Fri & Sat) The eccentric Dutchman runs his small operation out of Abel's B&B, and if you're lucky enough to be in town on a weekend, you can join him in his 'weekly wonder wanderings through world cuisine.' 3Entertainment Galeri CaernarfonTHEATRE, CINEMA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-685222; www.galericaernarfon.com; Victoria Dock; h7.30am-11pm Mon-Fri, from 9am Sat & Sun) This excellent multipurpose arts centre hosts exhibitions, theatre, film and events. The stylish in-house **DOC Cafe Bar** serves all-day snacks and pre-event suppers. 7Shopping CelticaGIFTS, HANDICRAFTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.celtica-wales.com; Doc Fictoria; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) Love spoons, Halen Môn salt and jewellery sit alongside deli and food-store goods inside this gleaming venue by the yacht marina. A good selection of books and maps of Wales, too. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01286-672232; www.visitsnowdonia.info; Castle St; h9.30am-4.30pm; W) Helpful centre opposite the castle's main entrance. 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses depart from stands along Penllyn, two blocks north of Castle Sq. Routes include the following: 1/1A to Bangor (£2.20, 25 minutes, one to two per hour Monday to Saturday), Criccieth (£3.40, 40 minutes, six daily Monday to Saturday) and Porthmadog (£3.60, 45 minutes, 11 daily Monday to Saturday) X5 to Conwy (£3.50, 1¼ hours, one to two per hour) and Llandudno (£3.50, 1½ hours, one to two per hour) 12 to Pwllheli (£3, 45 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) 87/88/89 to Llanberis (£2.70, 30 minutes, four daily Monday to Friday) Snowdon Sherpa S4 bus heads to Beddgelert (£2, 30 minutes, two to eight daily) via the Snowdon Ranger (20 minutes) and Rhyd Ddu (24 minutes) trailheads. A daily National Express service runs to London Victoria (£36, 9½ hours) via Bangor (£6.90, 30 minutes), Llandudno (£8.30, one hour) and Birmingham (£29.60, 6½ hours). From June to August a direct service runs to Manchester (£24.40, five hours) via Liverpool (£18.80, four hours). Car Free parking in Caernarfon is as rare as unicorns, but you might be able to grab a space by the water on the south embankment of Victoria Dock. Train The northern terminus of the Welsh Highland Railway is on St Helen's Rd. Trains run to Porthmadog (£35 return, 2½ hours) via Dinas, Waunfawr, Rhd Ddu and Beddgelert. ### Llŷn Peninsula Jutting out into the Irish Sea from the mountains of Snowdonia, the Llŷn Peninsula (also spelled 'Lleyn') is a green finger of land some 25 miles long and 8 miles wide. It's a mountainous, largely unpeopled region rich with legend (particularly those of King Arthur), a former pirate haven and home to lobster fishers. The bracken-covered slopes of its hills give way to pristine coves. Llŷn is criss-crossed with isolated walking and cycling routes, good beaches with a scattering of small fishing villages, particularly along the south coast, and 70 miles of wildlife-rich coastline. Over the centuries the heaviest footfalls have been those of pilgrims on their way to Bardsey Island. Welsh is the language of everyday life here. The Llŷn (pronounced _khlee'en_ ) and the Isle of Anglesey were the last places on the Roman and Norman itineraries, and both have maintained a separate identity, the Llŷn especially. Isolated physically and culturally, it's been an incubator of Welsh activism. It was also the birthplace of David Lloyd George, the first Welsh prime minister of the UK, and of Plaid Cymru (Party of Wales), founded in Pwllheli in 1925 and now the main opposition party in the Welsh Assembly. Pwllheli (poolth- _heh_ -lee; meaning 'salt-water pool') is the Llŷn's largest town and the peninsula's public transport hub. 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus 1 (Porthmadog–Caernarfon–Bangor) stops in Criccieth. All of the peninsula's other bus services originate or terminate at Pwllheli, including bus 3 to Llanystumdwy (£1, 20 minutes), Criccieth (£1.20, 24 minutes) and Porthmadog (£2, 50 minutes); bus 12 to Caernarfon (£3, 45 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday); bus 17/17B to Aberdaron (£2.70, 40 minutes, eight daily Monday to Friday); and bus 18 to Abersoch (£1.30, 25 minutes, six daily Monday to Friday). A National Express coach heads between Pwllheli and London Victoria (£33, 10½ hours) daily, via Criccieth (£5.70, 17 minutes), Caernarfon (£7.40, one hour), Bangor (£7.80, 1½ hours) and Birmingham (£25, seven hours). Train Pwllheli is the terminus of the Cambrian Coast Line, with direct services to Criccieth, Porthmadog, Harlech, Barmouth, Fairbourne and Machynlleth. #### Pwllheli Pwllheli, a small market town with a lively marina, is the main transport hub of the Llŷn Peninsula and the launchpad for boat trips to Bardsey Island. Stop in at Pwllheli Tourist Office ( %01758-613000; www.visitsnowdonia.info; Station Sq; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct) to stock up on information about the area. In July skateboarders, BMX bikers and wakeboarders and their audiences gravitate to Pwllheli for Wakestock (www.wakestock.co.uk; hJul), a street culture and music fest. Gourmets should not miss the best food on the Llŷn at Plas Bodegroes ( %01758-612363; www.bodegroes.co.uk; r £130-170, dinner £45, lunch Sun £22.50; p W), a stately 1780 manor house with immaculately coiffured gardens, a mile inland from Pwllheli along the A497. Its Michelin-starred restaurant thrills with culinary creations made from local ingredients, paired with a long wine list and wonderfully friendly service. The restaurant is open for lunch on Sundays and dinner from Tuesdays to Saturdays. #### Nant Gwrtheyrn The village of Nant Gwrtheyrn was built for workers in the 19th century, but when the granite quarries closed after WWII it was gradually abandoned. In 1978 the place was given a new lease of life when bought and restored as a residential Welsh Language & Heritage Centre ( %01758-750334; www.nantgwrtheyrn.org; weekend course £240, 3-day course incl full board £295; hcall ahead for times). The centre has a small but compelling exhibition on the history of the Welsh language, but its main focus is offering Welsh language and literature courses to suit all levels of ability. Even if you're not here to immerse yourself in Cymraeg (Welsh language), it's well worth taking a walk along the world's-end cliffs. Nant Gwrtheyrn is reached from the village of Llithfaen (on the B4417) by following a hair-raisingly precipitous path down a steep valley. #### Porth Dinllaen It's hard to believe that this was once a busy cargo, ship-building and herring port, the only safe haven on the peninsula's north coast. Today, this long sweep of sand, backed with a few cottages, is owned in its entirety by the National Trust (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk). At the western end of the beach lies an isolated cluster of buildings, which includes the legendary Tŷ Coch Inn (www.tycoch.co.uk; h11am-4pm Sun-Thu, to 10pm Fri & Sat). It's famous for its views and for pints that you can drink while dabbling your toes in the sea. Parking costs £5 in summer; free to NT members. #### Braich-y-Pwll & Mynydd Mawr While the boats for Bardsey Island now leave from Porth Meudwy outside of Aberdaron, medieval pilgrims once set sail from Braich-y-Pwll (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk), a rugged National Trust property on the very tip of the Llŷn Peninsula. A narrow, hedge-fringed country lane runs from Abersoch to the base of the promontory. A path then leads down past the earthworks that are all that remains of **St Mary's Abbey** to a neolithic standing stone known as **Maen Melyn** , bent like a finger towards the island and suggesting this was a holy place long before the Celts or their saints arrived. A single serpentine track winds its way up the exposed hillside to the wind-blasted summit of **Mynydd Mawr**. One glimpse of Bardsey rising out of the gunmetal-grey sea far beyond the surf-pounded rocks below will reinforce what a terrifying voyage it would have been. #### Aberdaron Aberdaron is an ends-of-the-earth kind of place with whitewashed, windswept houses contemplating Aberdaron Bay. It was traditionally the last resting spot before pilgrims made the treacherous crossing to Bardsey Island. 1Sights & Activities St Hywyn's ChurchCHURCH (www.st-hywyn.org.uk; h10am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar) St Hywyn's Church is stoically positioned above the pebbly beach. Its left half dates from 1100 while the right half was added 400 years later, to cope with the volume of pilgrims. Porth OerBEACH (Whistling Sands; NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; car park £1.50) Two miles north of Aberdaron lies Porth Oer; the beach known as 'Whistling Sands' is popular with local hard-nut surfers and known for its eerily squeaky white sands. The turn-off is marked with a blink-and-you'll-miss-it sign; parking is at the designated car park only. 4Sleeping & Eating Tŷ NewyddHOTEL ( %01758-760207; www.gwesty-tynewydd.co.uk; s/d/f from £65/100/120; W) Right on the beach, the friendly Tŷ Newydd has light-drenched, spacious, carpeted rooms, most of them dreamily looking out to sea. The tide comes in right under the terrace off the pub restaurant, which seems designed with afternoon gin and tonics in mind. Y Gegin FawrWELSH (The Big Kitchen; mains from £7; h9am-6pm) After tending to their spiritual needs, Bardsey-bound penitents could claim a meal at Y Gegin Fawr. Dating from 1300, it now dishes up locally caught crab and lobster, as well as homemade cakes (no longer free for pilgrims). #### Bardsey Island (Ynys Enlli) This mist-shrouded, rugged island, 2 miles long and 2 miles off the tip of the Llŷn Peninsula, is a teardrop off the remotest coast of Wales, isolated further by the churning waters of the strait. In the 6th or 7th century the obscure St Cadfan founded a **monastery** here, giving shelter to Celts fleeing the Saxon invaders, and medieval pilgrims followed in their wake. A **Celtic cross** amid the abbey ruins commemorates the pilgrims who came here to die and gave the island its poetic epithet: the Isle of 20,000 Saints. Due to the sheer number of buried dead, it was difficult to do any farming without hitting an unmarked grave or three, and it's said that in the 1850s human femurs were used as fencing, as there were so many of them. The home of buccaneers in the 16th century, Bardsey is also rumoured to be the mythical Isle of Avalon where King Arthur was taken after being mortally wounded in the Battle of Camlan. It's said that King Arthur lies in a glass castle somewhere on the island, together with the Thirteen Treasures of the British Isles. Most modern pilgrims to Bardsey are sea-birdwatchers: the island is home to Manx shearwaters, guillemots and fulmars. The Bardsey Island Trust ( %08458 11 22 33; www.bardsey.org) can arrange holiday lets in cottages on the island. You can buy snacks from the single farming family resident on the island year-round. In the summer months Bardsey Boat Trips ( %07971-769895; www.bardseyboattrips.com; adult/child £30/20) sails to Bardsey from Porth Meudwy, a little cove outside Aberdaron; Enlli Charters ( %0845 811 3655; www.enllicharter.co.uk; £40 per person) sails from the marina in Pwllheli. Dolphins are occasionally spotted en route. ### THE BARDSEY PILGRIMAGE At a time when journeys from Britain to Italy were long, perilous and beyond the means of most people, the pope decreed that three pilgrimages to the holy island of Bardsey would have the same spiritual value as one to Rome. Tens of thousands of penitents took advantage of this get-out-of-purgatory-free (or at least quickly) card and many came here to die. In the 16th century, Henry VIII's ban on pilgrimages put paid to the practice – although a steady trickle of modern-day pilgrims still walk the route. The traditional path ran along the Llŷn coast, stopping at ancient churches and holy wells along the way. It's broken into nine legs on the Edge of Wales Walk (www.edgeofwaleswalk.co.uk) website, which is run by a cooperative of local Llŷn Peninsula residents. They can help to arrange a 47-mile, self-guided walking tour, including five nights' accommodation and baggage transfers (£320 per person). A similar service is also offered for the 95-mile **Llŷn Coastal Path** , which circumnavigates the peninsula (£682 per person). #### Abersoch Abersoch comes alive in summer with a 30,000-person influx of boaties, surfers and beach bums. Edged by gentle blue-green hills, the town's main attraction is its long stretch of beach, one of the most popular on the peninsula. Surfers should head further south around the coast for the Atlantic swell at Porth Neigwl (Hell's Mouth) and Porth Ceiriad. 2Activities West Coast Surf ShopSURFING ( %01758-713067; www.westcoastsurf.co.uk; Lôn Pen Cei; lessons incl equipment from £30; h10am-5pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat, noon-5pm Wed & Sun) Hires out boards and wetsuits all year round. OffaxisWAKEBOARDING, SURFING ( %01758-713407; www.offaxis.co.uk; Lôn Engan; lessons incl equipment from £30) An outdoors and surf shop that specialises in wakeboarding, windsurfing and surfing lessons. Abersoch Sailing SchoolSAILING ( %07917-525540; www.abersochsailingschool.co.uk; sailing lessons from £45; hSat, Sun & school holidays Mar-Oct) Offers sailing lessons, and hires laser fun boats (one/two hours £30/40), catamarans (one/two hours £40/60), sea kayaks (per hour single/double £10/20) and skippered day racers and keel boats (per hour £75; minimum two hours). 4Sleeping & Eating Camping is available at several farms near Abersoch. oVenetiaHOTEL ( %01758-713354; www.venetiawales.com; Lôn Sarn Bach; r £108-148; p W) A splurge-worthy lodging with five beautifully styled rooms decked out with designer lighting and modern art. The excellent Italian restaurant (mains £12 to £24) downstairs specialises in fresh seafood and pasta dishes. oCoconut KitchenTHAI ( %01758-712250; www.thecoconutkitchen.co.uk; Lôn Port Morgan ; mains £11-21; h5.30-10pm; p v) Coconut Kitchen adds spice to the Abersoch culinary scene with authentic and imaginative Thai cuisine. #### Oriel Plas Glyn-y-Weddw Oriel Plas Glyn-y-WeddwGALLERY (www.oriel.org.uk; h10am-5pm Wed-Mon, daily school holidays) F Oriel Plas Glyn-y-Weddw is an excellent art gallery, but its lively collection of work by contemporary Welsh artists, such as Stephen John Owen, is only part of the attraction. The gallery is worth visiting just to wonder at the flamboyant Victorian Gothic mansion it's housed in, which features heavy exposed beams and stained glass. The bustling conservatory serves paninis, wraps and cakes, and paths run through the wooded grounds to the National Trust–owned **Llanbedrog** beach. It's 3 miles from Abersoch and 4 miles west of Pwllheli. #### Llanystumdwy Tiny Llanystumdwy is the boyhood home and final resting place of David Lloyd George, one of Wales' finest political statespersons, and the British prime minister from 1916 to 1922. The short video, photos, posters and personal effects held at the Lloyd George Museum ( %01766-522071; www.gwynedd.gov.uk/museums; adult/child £5/4; h10.30am-5pm ) show him as a fiery orator and ladies' man who was largely responsible for introducing National Insurance in a two-pronged attack on unemployment and poverty. Later on in his career, his loyalty to Wales was challenged by his ambitions in Westminster and, although a friend of Churchill, Lloyd George became a war apologist by WWII. **Highgate** , his uncle's house that he grew up in, lies 50m away from the museum. His mortal remains rest in a boulder-topped grave, about 150m away, by a babbling brook. The turn-off to the village is 1.5 miles west of Criccieth on the A497. #### Criccieth This genteel and slow-moving seaside town sits above a sweep of sand-and-stone beach about 5 miles west of Porthmadog. Criccieth is an excellent spot to base yourself if exploring the Llŷn. 1Sights Criccieth CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Castle St; adult/child £3.50/2.65; h10am-5pm) Criccieth's main claim to fame is ruined Criccieth Castle, perched up on the clifftop and offering views stretching along the southern coast and across Tremadog Bay to Harlech. Constructed by Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great in 1239, it was overrun in 1283 by Edward I's forces and recaptured for the Welsh in 1404 by Owain Glyndŵr, whose forces promptly sacked it. 4Sleeping & Eating Marine Tce, running parallel to the sea, is lined with lodgings. Marine HotelHOTEL ( %01766-522946; Marine Tce; s/d £48/77; p W) The pick of accommodation on Marine Tce, this hotel offers an appealing maze of rooms presided over by a congenial local couple. Castle Fish & ChipsFISH & CHIPS (5 Castle St; mains from £7; h5.30-9pm) Join the queue of locals at the perpetually popular Castle Fish & Chips. Tir a MôrBRASSERIE ( %01766-523084; www.tiramor-criccieth.co.uk; 1 Mona Tce; mains £14-23; h6-9.30pm Tue-Sat mid-Feb–Nov) Once you've been sandblasted by the winds up at the castle, head for a warming plate of Welsh lamb or fresh monkfish at stylish Tir a Môr – bookings advised. ### Porthmadog & Around Pop 2980 Busy little Portmadog (port- _mad_ -uk) was founded by (and named after) reforming landowner William Alexander Madocks, who went to work on a grand scale, laying down the mile-long Cob causeway, draining some 400 hectares of wetland habitat, and creating a brand-new harbour. After his death in 1828, the causeway became the route for the new Ffestiniog Railway: at its peak in 1873 it transported more than 116,000 tonnes of slate from the mines to the harbour. Today Porthmadog is railway-buff heaven, with no less than two of Wales' finest narrow-gauge train journeys, run by the oldest independent railway company in the world. They depart from Harbour Station in pungent puffs of smoke. 1Sights & Activities Portmeirion VillageARCHITECTURE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.portmeirion-village.com; adult/child £10/6.50; h9.30am-7.30pm; p) The lifetime project of eccentric Welsh architect Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, Portmeirion is an Italian-influenced, whimsical, colourful collection of buildings, columns and statuary, centred around a Mediterranean-looking plaza with a fountain. Starting in 1926, Clough designed and built his seaside utopia from pieces of disintegrating stately mansions he'd collected; 50 years later, Clough deemed the village to be complete. Porthmeirion formed the ideally surreal background for cult TV series _The Prisoner,_ filmed here from 1966 to 1967. It's a straightforward 1.5-mile walk east of Porthmadog. A mishmash of architectural styles, painted turquoise, yellow and ochre, it all somehow comes together, with surprises around every corner: a Buddha statue in a pavilion, a cherub peeking out of a hidden opening. Several buildings contain cafes, art galleries and gift shops, including one selling the famously florid Portmeirion pottery. A network of walking paths thread along the coast and through the private forested peninsula; if you want to enjoy them in solitude, most of the village's kooky cottages and minimansions are available for holiday lets. Online ticket discounts are available; half-price entry after 3.30pm. oFfestiniog RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY (Rheilffordd Ffestiniog; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-516024; www.festrail.co.uk; adult/child return £20.20/18.20) The Ffestiniog Railway is Wales' most spectacular and beautiful narrow-gauge journey. The twisting and precipitous line was built between 1832 and 1836 to haul slate down to Porthmadog from the mines at Blaenau Ffestiniog, 13.5 miles away. Steam locomotives took over from horses in the 1860s and the line opened to passengers in the 1920s. Views are best on the right-hand side as the steam engines chug their way up through the lush, green valley to the slate-strewn final terminus. oWelsh Highland RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-516000; www.festrail.co.uk; adult/child return £35/31.50) The Welsh Highland Railway is an amalgamation of several late-19th-century slate railways that runs for 25 miles through lovely Snowdonian landscapes from Porthmadog to Caernarfon via Beddgelert. En route it passes through the splendid Aberglaslyn Gorge, flanking the fast-flowing river, and between Beddgelert and Caernarfon it chugs along Snowdon's south flank, rising steeply to its highest point of 650ft. Walkers can hop off at either Rhyd Ddu (£23/20.70) station or the Snowdon Ranger request stop to follow paths up Snowdon. Purple Moose BreweryBREWERY TOUR (Bragdy Mŵs Piws; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-515571; www.purplemoose.co.uk; Madoc St; tours £5; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri) One of more than 50 microbreweries across Wales, Purple Moose has grown into an award-winning company – it picked up a Silver Award in 'Best Bitters' at the 2013 CAMRA Champion Beer competition. Its four regular tipples are Snowdonia Ale, Madog's Ale, Glaslyn Ale and Dark Side of the Moose; there's usually a seasonal one as well. Hour-long brewery tours are available for ale aficionados from Tuesdays to Thursdays at noon; these include free tastings. 4Sleeping & Eating oYr Hen FecwsB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-514625; www.henfecws.com; 16 Lombard St; s/d from £65/80; p W) This stylish stone cottage has seven compact, individually decorated en suite rooms with exposed-slate walls and fireplaces. Breakfast is served at the excellent cafe next door – a lunchtime gathering point for the local contingent of yummy mummies who come for the paninis, wraps, salads, waffles and sandwiches (£4.95 to £7.85). Golden Fleece InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-512421; www.goldenfleeceinn.com; Market Sq, Tremadog; s/d from £60/75; p W) This dark, atmospheric pub is a cross between a cavern and an enchanted forest – an illusion created by hop flowers hanging from the ceiling. After sampling the real ales and the classic dishes with a twist (mains £8 to £16), bed down on Egyptian cotton sheets in one of the three historic buildings on Tremadog's square. There's live acoustic music on Tuesday nights. Hotel Portmeirion & Castell DeudraethHOTEL, COTTAGE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-770000; www.portmeirion-village.com; Portmeirion; hotel s/d £204/219, castle & village s/d from £145/179; p s) You can stay within the famous fairy-tale village of Portmeirion at Hotel Portmeirion (1926), overlooking the estuary. It has classic, elegant rooms and a dining room designed by Sir Terence Conran. Up the drive, Castell Deudraeth is, perversely, a more modern alternative. There are also 17 whimsical cottages. Prices drop considerably in low season. Eric Jones' CafeCAFE ( %01766-512199; www.ericjones-tremadog.co.uk; Bwlch-y-Moch; mains from £4; h8am-5pm; p v) A mile east of Tremadog, this friendly little cafe attracts a lively clientele of climbers and cyclists with its all-day breakfasts, toasties, jacket potatoes and more. Eric, a 79-year-old local legend with the first solo ascent of the Eiger and the first base jump off the Eiger under his belt, also runs a campsite (per person per night £6) and bunk barns (per person per night £7.50). 8Information Porthmadog Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01766-512981; www.visitsnowdonia.info; High St; h9.30am-5pm daily Easter-Oct, 10am-3.30pm Mon-Sat Nov-Easter; W) 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus 3 heads to Tremadog (£0.80, four minutes), Criccieth (£3.50, 13 minutes), Llanystumdwy (£3.50, 16 minutes) and Pwllheli (£3.50, 40 minutes). Bus T2 runs to Dolgellau (£2.60, 50 minutes), Machynlleth (£3.80, 1½ hours) and Aberystwyth (£5.40, 2¼ hours), and in the other direction to Caernarfon (£2.60, 40 minutes) and Bangor (£3.80, one hour). Snowdon Sherpa bus S97 goes to Beddgelert (£2, 20 minutes, eight daily Monday to Saturday) and Pen-y-Pass (£2, 40 minutes, three daily Monday to Saturday). A daily National Express coach heads to London Victoria (£35, 10 hours) via Caernarfon (£7.60, 45 minutes), Llandudno (£8.30, 1¾ hour) and Birmingham (£29.60, 6¾ hours). Train Direct services run to Machynlleth via Harlech, Fairbourne and Barmouth, and to Pwllheli. ## ISLE OF ANGLESEY At 276 sq miles, the Isle of Anglesey is the largest island in England and Wales. Holy to the Celts, Anglesey was the last part of Wales to fall to the Romans around AD 60. You can imagine even the disciplined imperial troops blanching when faced with fearsome blue-skinned Druids and their followers bellowing and shaking their weapons from across the Menai Strait. The ancient name for the island was 'Môn mam Cymru' (Mother of Wales): its outpost status, singular character and the proliferation of the Welsh language gives Anglesey a fair claim to being the Welsh heartland. The industrial age arrived in 1826 when Thomas Telford's iconic 174m Menai Suspension Bridge straddled the Menai Strait, its 30m-high central span allowing the passage of tall ships. It was joined in 1850 by Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge to carry the newly laid railway. Today, Anglesey beckons visitors with its extensive hiking trails, secluded coves and cliffs rich with birdlife, the greatest concentration of ancient and prehistoric sites in Wales, a mighty castle and some excellent seafood. Beaumaris makes the most convenient base on the island, but if you're looking for countryside seclusion, there's plenty of that to be found, too. For more information about the island, see www.visitanglesey.co.uk. ### EXPLORING ANGLESEY Its two main towns aside, Anglesey has plenty to keep you exploring. Thomas Telford CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE (www.menaibridges.co.uk; Mona Rd; adult/child £3/free; h10am-5pm Sun-Thu Jul-Sep) Anglesey is synonymous with the twin iconic bridges that connect the island to the Welsh mainland. The Menai Heritage Experience explains the feat of Victorian engineering and explores the ecology of the Menai Strait. Llanfair PG Train StationNOTABLE BUILDING In case you were wondering whether the name Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (Llanfair PG for short) is some kind of joke, well, it is: the last five syllables were added by a local tailor in 1880 in a bid to attract visitors to this nondescript town. And since you're here, the ploy clearly worked. Elbow your way past coach parties to take a photo of the sign at the train station. oAnglesey Sea ZooAQUARIUM (www.angleseyseazoo.co.uk; Brynsiencyn; adult/concession £7.50/6.50; h10am-5.30pm Feb-Oct; p c) S With great pains taken to simulate different marine environments, Anglesey Sea Zoo introduces you to the denizens of the local waters: from lobster to tiny brine shrimp and flatfish that look like they're from a Picasso painting. Daily eel and shark feeds keep the children entertained. Head south along the A4080 from Llanfair PG towards Brynsiencyn and follow the signs. oPlas NewyddHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £8.90/4.45, garden only £7/3.50; hhouse noon-4.30pm Sat-Wed Mar-Oct, garden 10am-5.30pm Sat-Wed Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat-Wed Nov-Feb; p) If you only visit one National Trust property in North Wales, make it Plas Newydd. It was home to the first marquess of Anglesey, who commanded the cavalry during the 1815 battle of Waterloo, and is famous for its massive Whistler mural in the dining room. The house is 2 miles southwest of Llanfair PG, along the A4080. Bryn Celli Ddu Burial ChamberARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE F The Bryn Celli Ddu Burial Chamber is one of Anglesey's most impressive neolithic remains, with an earthen mound you can enter to pass into a stone-lined burial chamber that was used as a communal grave 5000 years ago. From Llanfair PG follow the signpost off the A4080 down the country lane to the marked car park. Oriel Ynys MônGALLERY, MUSEUM (www.orielynysmon.info; h10.30am-5pm) F Oriel Ynys Môn is the lynchpin of Anglesey's visual arts scene. Its History Gallery explores Anglesey's past, and it features wonderful landscape paintings by local talent, but the main draw is the Oriel Kyffin Williams Gallery, featuring 400-odd works by Wales' most celebrated artist. It's 600m north along the B5111 from Llanfegni. FunsportWATER SPORTS ( %01407-810899; www.funsportonline.co.uk; 1 Beach Tce; h9am-5pm) Anglesey's top surfing and windsurfing spots include Rhosneigr on the western coast. Funsport rents out wetsuits and equipment here, and can arrange two-hour taster courses (£35) in surfing, windsurfing and kitesurfing. ### Beaumaris (Biwmares) Pop 1370 Beaumaris was once Wales' largest port, notorious for its smugglers and pirates. It hides its shady past well: today it's a delightfully refined spot, offering a romantic castle and pretty Georgian buildings, an attractive waterfront and a newly refurbished pier. It's also home to a growing number of boutiques, deli-cafes and galleries. 1Sights & Activities oBeaumaris CastleCASTLE (Cadw; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Castle St; adult/child £5.25/3.90; h9.30am-5pm) The last and largest of Edward I's great castles of North Wales, Beaumaris is a perfectly symmetrical masterpiece, its concentric 'walls within walls' design making it difficult for enemies to breach – though Owain Glyndŵr managed to do just that in 1403. Though never fully completed, remarkably much of the castle was built within one year, in the late 13th century. The castle is surrounded by a brackish moat that once allowed supply ships to dock by its wall at high tide. Crossing the drawbridge, you can wander beneath the moss-covered mighty battlements, overlooked by murder holes and arrow slits; stroll the crumbling outer wall; and peer into half-decayed towers. Beaumaris GaolHISTORIC BUILDING (www.visitanglesey.co.uk; Steeple Lane; adult/child £4.80/3.80, incl Beaumaris Courthouse £7.50/6.20; h10.30am-5pm Sat-Thu Apr-Oct) This fortresslike jail, built in the early 19th century, was modern for its time, with toilets in every cell and a treadmill water pump. None of that is enough, however, to dispel the gloom of the windowless punishment cell, the condemned cell where prisoners awaited their demise at the gibbet or hard labour in the stone-breaking yard. Beaumaris CourthouseHISTORIC BUILDING (Llys Biwmares; www.visitanglesey.co.uk; Castle St; adult/child £3.60/2.80, incl Beaumaris Gaol £7.50/6.20; h10.30am-5pm Sat-Thu Apr-Oct) The Beaumaris Court, opposite the castle, was an instrument of justice dispensed by the English between 1614 and 1971. Welsh-speaking defendants here were at a distinct disadvantage as the proceedings were held in English. An excellent audioguide paints the picture. Puffin Island CruisesBOAT TOUR ( %07854-028393; www.beaumarismarine.com; adult/child £9.50/7.50; hApr-Oct) Designated a Special Protection Area, Puffin Island resounds with the squawks and grunts of bird and marine life. The (weather-dependent) boat trips take in spectacular views across the Menai Strait to the Snowdonia range, and promise encounters with 12 species of seabirds in their natural habitat. Book at the entrance to the pier, or by phone. ### HALEN MôN SALT What started as two ex–Bangor University students selling fish out of a van turned into a prosperous salt-extracting business. Today, Halen Môn Salt is known in most foodie circles and used in Michelin-starred restaurants such as the Fat Duck and Tyddyn Llan. At the Halen Môn (www.halenmon.com; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri) headquarters, you can purchase the salt both in its 100% undiluted form and in seven delectable flavours. A **visitor centre** was being built at research time so that soon you'll be able to follow the entire process, from piping in the seawater to evaporation and harvesting. 4Sleeping & Eating Ye Olde Bulls Head Inn & TownhouseHOTEL ( %01248-810329; www.bullsheadinn.co.uk; Castle St; s/d from £80/100; W) The original wooden beams and wrought-iron bedsteads at the stately Ye Olde Bulls Head Inn contrast with the contemporary, high-tech and design-driven rooms at the Townhouse across the street. Head to the Ye Olde Bulls Head for light dishes at its cheery brasserie (mains £13 to £16) or for a bit of romance at the refined Loft Restaurant (three-course dinner £47.50). CleifiogB&B ( %01248-811507; www.cleifiogbandb.co.uk; Townsend; s £60-80, d £90-110; W) This artistic town house oozes character and history, and boasts superb views of the Menai Strait. Of the three rooms, all stylishly designed, Tapestry is the largest and features the original 18th-century panelling. The owner displays her artworks around the house. Red Boat Ice Cream ParlourICE CREAM (www.redboatgelato.com; 34 Castle St; scoop £2.20; h10am-6pm Mon-Thu, 10am-7pm Fri-Sun) Red Boat uses authentic Italian recipes to prepare the tastiest gelato this side of Florence. The sherry-trifle flavour more than passes the taste test; new flavours are added weekly. oCenninMODERN WELSH ( %01248-811230; www.restaurantcennin.com; 13 Castle St; mains £18-22; h6.30-9pm Fri & Sat) S Having worked with the likes of Heston Blumenthal, local lad Aled Williams now cooks up his own expertly executed takes on classic dishes. Settle in beneath the centuries-old beams and tuck into the best-quality local black beef, lamb and sea trout. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION (www.visitbeaumaris.co.uk; Town Hall, Castle St; h10am-2pm Mon-Fri) The frequently unstaffed volunteer-run tourist office is well-stocked with brochures and maps. 8Getting There & Away Buses stop on Church St. Buses 53/56/57/58 run to Bangor (£3.30, 20 to 50 minutes, roughly half-hourly Monday to Saturday, every two hours Sunday) via Menai Bridge for onward connections. #### DON'T MISS ### ANGLESEY'S TOP THREE SEASIDE LUNCH SPOTS Ann's PantryCAFE ( %01248-410386; www.annspantry.co.uk; lunch £5-11, dinner £11-21; h11am-5pm daily, 6-9pm Thu-Sat) With a delightful garden setting and funky, beach-hut-chic interior, Ann's serves great homemade food and fair-trade drinks in the village of Moelfre. Oyster CatcherBISTRO (www.oystercatcheranglesey.co.uk; Main Rd; mains £10-16; hnoon-11pm; p) S This striking glass-fronted structure, backed by windswept sand dunes, serves hearty, well-prepared gastropub dishes and sandwiches. It also serves a second purpose by letting ex-offenders retrain as chefs. Situated near Rhosneigr, along the southwest coast of Anglesey. Lobster PotSEAFOOD ( %01407-730241; www.thelobsterpotrestaurant.co.uk; Church Bay; mains £13-30; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm Tue-Sat) For a decadent lobster lunch, follow the narrow country roads down to the sea at Church Bay for this north-coast institution, famous for its fresh seafood and scenic location. ### Holyhead (Caergybi) Pop 11,430 Holyhead (pronounced _holly-head_ ) is a major travel hub for ferries to Ireland, but few visitors linger in this lacklustre town. It is, however, the starting point for the **Lôn Las Cymru** Welsh National Cycle Route (NCN route 8) and a handy base from which to expore the dramatic coastal scenery. Its **St Cybi's Church** (which has beautiful stained-glass windows from William Morris' workshop) marks the official starting point for the Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path. Holyhead is divided from the west coast of Anglesey by a narrow channel on Holy Island (Ynys Gybi), a 7-mile stretch of land. It's 'Holy' because this was the domain of St Cybi, a well-travelled monk thought to have lived in the 6th century. 1Sights & Activities oSouth Stack Cliffs RSPB ReserveWILDLIFE RESERVE (Ynys Lawd; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01407-762100; www.rspb.org.uk/wales; South Stack Rd; hvisitor centre 10am-5pm; p) F Two miles west of Holyhead, the sea vents its fury against the cliffs of South Stack, an important RSPB reserve – home to thousands of seabirds. A steep, serpentine flight of steps leads down to the suspension bridge that crosses over to the **South Stack Lighthouse** for tremendous cliff views. Numerous paths lead into the bracken-covered and hilly interior, climbing **Holyhead Mountain** (Mynydd Twr; 200m) and skirting neolithic stone circles. **South Stack Kitchen** , an interpretive-centre-cum-cafe, provides maps and information. Holyhead Maritime MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.holyheadmaritimemuseum.co.uk; Newry Beach; adult/child £4.50/2; h10am-4pm Tue-Sun Easter-Oct) The oldest lifeboat house in Wales (c 1858) charts Holyhead's maritime history from Roman times onwards. There's a focus on local shipwrecks alongside model lifeboats, a permanent display on Holyhead's struggles during WWII and a whale's eardrum that looks like a human head. Ucheldre CentreARTS CENTRE (Canolfan Ucheldre; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01407-763361; www.ucheldre.org; Millbank; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) A former convent chapel turned artistic hub, Ucheldre holds concerts, poetry readings, comedy nights and art exhibitions. Its cinema screens films on Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays. 4Sleeping & Eating Yr HendreB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01407-762929; www.yr-hendre.net; Porth-y-Felin Rd; r £65-70; p i W) Professionally run Yr Hendre's three luxurious, individually styled rooms have girls' names and are a real treat for walkers and cyclists (safe bicycle storage available). Choose 'Bethany' for sea views. Sea Breezes B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01407-765682; 95 Newry St; s/d £45/66; W) Welcoming B&B just a short stroll from the ferry terminal – ideal for those middle-of-the-night departures to Ireland. Cosy rooms share facilities. Ucheldre KitchenCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ucheldre.org; Millbank; mains £4-6; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun) Attached to Holyhead's excellent arts hub, this friendly cafe serves delicious homemade food (including a vegetarian menu) and better-than-average coffees. oHarbourfront BistroINTERNATIONAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01407-763433; www.harbourfrontbistro.co.uk; Newry Beach; lunch £6-12, dinner £11-15; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Thu-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun) With waves lapping right against it, this cosy little bistro adjoining the maritime museum serves rarebit and other light bites at lunchtime, and more substantial fishy offerings. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01407-762004; 63 Market St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Community-run tourist office, gift shop and fish-pedicure spa on the main shopping street. 8Getting There & Away Bus From the ferry terminal, National Express coaches head to/from Bangor (£19.50, 35 minutes), Liverpool (£31, 2¾ hours), Manchester (£36, 4¾ hours), Birmingham (£35, four hours) and London Victoria (£29.50, 7¼ hours). Local bus stops are on Summer Hill. X4 runs to Bangor (£3.50, 1¼ hours, one to two per hour Monday to Saturday) via Llanfair PG and Menai Bridge. Ferry Irish Ferries ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08717 300 200; www.irishferries.com; foot passenger/motorcycle/car from £29/52/119) runs two daily slow ferries (3¼ hours) and two fast services (one hour 50 minutes) to Dublin, while Stena Line ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %08447 70 70 70; www.stenaline.co.uk; foot passenger/bicycle/ car from £35/55/115) has four daily services to Dublin (3¼ hours) and one daily service to Dun Laoghaire (two hours). Train Direct trains head to/from Bangor (£8.70, 30 minutes), Conwy (£13.50, one hour) and London Euston (£89, 3¾ hours). ### WALKING THE ISLE OF ANGLESEY COASTAL PATH Anglesey is a big draw for walkers thanks to the Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path (www.angleseycoastalpath.co.uk), a 125-mile coastal walking path with spectacular views. The full trail takes an average of 12 days and passes through a changing landscape of coastal heath, saltmarsh, beaches and Wales' largest Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Although the path reaches a maximum altitude of just 219m, don't be fooled – its up-and-down nature means your total height gain will be more than 4km. The official trailhead is at St Cybi's Church in Holyhead, but the 12 stages can easily be tackled as individual day hikes, ranging from 7 to 13 miles per day. Some of the stages, particularly the far-northern legs from Cemaes Bay to Church Bay, make for bracing strolls against a dramatic backdrop of wild, windswept scenery. A great, introductory day walk from Beaumaris takes in the ancient monastic site of Penmon Priory, Penmon Point, with views across to Puffin Island. _OS Explorer Maps 262 (west coast)_ and _263 (east coast)_ are helpful, as is the _Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path – Official Guide_ by Carl Rogers. Anglesey Walking Holidays (www.angleseywalkingholidays.com; per person from £385) offers self-guided walking packages, including accommodation, breakfast, luggage transfers and transport between trailheads. ## NORTH COAST & BORDERS The North Wales coast has both perennial charms and cultural black spots in equal measure. Stick with the former and you'll not be disappointed – they include a glorious, Unesco-listed castle at Conwy and the limestone-cliff-backed Victorian beach resort of Llandudno. Moving southeast towards the English border, Llangollen has a reputation for its surrounding attractions (both natural and constructed), adventure sports and cultural festivals. Most of all, it is known as the home of the annual International Musical Eisteddfod. More details on this region are available from www.northwalesborderlands.co.uk and www.visitllandudno.org.uk. ### Llandudno Pop 15,370 Llandudno is a master of reinvention. Backed against an enormous limestone headland, this formerly upmarket Victorian holiday town retains much of its 19th-century grandeur, yet continues to find new fans with its booming boutique accommodation, Welsh art scene and varied dining options. While for active travellers there can be no bigger highlight than hiking, biking and birding along the Great Orme, for many visitors there are simpler pleasures to be had at sea level: strolling along the promenade or the pier and catching the entertaining beachside Punch and Judy show. Llandudno 1Sights 1Great Orme Aerial Cable CarB1 2Great Orme TramwayA1 3Llandudno Promenade & PierC1 4Marine DriveB1 5Mostyn GalleryC3 4Sleeping 6Escape B&BA2 7Llandudno HostelC3 8Osborne HouseB1 5Eating 9CharactersA2 10Fish Tram ChipsA1 11Ham Bone Food Hall & BrasserieB2 12SeahorseB1 6Drinking & Nightlife 13King's HeadA1 3Entertainment 14St John's Methodist ChurchC3 15Venue CymruD3 1Sights & Activities oGreat OrmeHEADLAND (Y Gogarth; GOOGLE MAP ) ) 'Orme' comes from the Old Norse for 'sea serpent', perhaps because to seafaring Vikings the vast limestone plateau that towers above present-day Llandudno appeared as a leviathan raising its great head above the water. Traversed by three waymarked summit trails, the vast, grass-covered and largely flat peak is the town's dominant feature, and it's home to several neolithic sights, ample birdlife, a lighthouse-cum-cafe and a visitor centre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-874151; www.greatorme.org.uk/canolfan.html; h9.30am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct). You can reach the summit on your own two feet or by two or four wheels via the scenic **Marine Drive** ; a **tram** and **cable car** operate in high season. Llandudno Promenade & PierWATERFRONT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; hpier 9am-6pm) A trip to Llandudno isn't complete until you've strolled along the majestic sweep of the promenade. Queen Victoria herself watched **Professor Codman's Punch & Judy Show**, performed here by the same family since 1860. Audiences are still enthralled by displays of puppet violence and hijinks involving a crocodile and a policeman. Mr Punch's iconic red-and-white-striped tent sits by the entrance to the 1878-built Victorian pier, the longest in Wales at 670m. Mostyn GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mostyn.org; 12 Vaughan St; h10.30am-5pm Tue-Sun) F A listed 1901 terracotta exterior hides the striking innards of Wales' leading contemporary art gallery – all sharp white angles and light. Its five galleries – the result of an imaginative three-year expansion program – house anything from bleak urban photography to abstract installations. Explore the art shop or grab a coffee at **Café Lux**. Great Orme MinesMINE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-870447; www.greatormemines.info; adult/child £6.75/4.75; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Oct) Halfway up the tramline to Great Orme is the oldest Bronze Age copper mine in the world that's open to visitors. Copper has been mined here as far back as 4000 years ago, thanks to the rock-softening process that allowed early miners to extract the metal using nothing but bone-and-stone tools. Marine DriveSCENIC DRIVE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; drivers & cyclists £2.50; h9am-8pm) Starting by the pier, this one-way, 4-mile narrow road loops anticlockwise around the Great Orme, with immense sea vistas opening up on your right-hand side. There are few places to pull over, but you can take the branch road that heads up to the Great Orme summit a quarter of the way along. Great Orme TramwayTRAM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-577877; www.greatormetramway.co.uk; Church Walks; adult/child return £6/4.20; h10am-6pm Easter-Oct) This original 1902 tram, one of only three cable-operated trams in the world (the other two are in Lisbon and San Francisco), runs to the top of the Great Orme every 20 minutes, weather permitting. Great Orme Aerial Cable CarCABLE CAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-877205; adult/child return £8/6; h10am-6pm Easter-Oct) When it's not too windy, Britain's longest cable car whisks passengers up to the summit of the Great Orme from the Happy Valley Gardens above the pier. #### WORTH A TRIP ### BODNANT GARDEN Bodnant GardenGARDENS (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; adult/child £9.50/4.75; h10am-5pm ; p) Lying 10km south of Llandudno off the A470, this is one of Wales' most beautiful gardens and a must for green-fingered visitors. Laid out in 1875, its 80 lush acres unfurl around picturesque Bodnant Hall (closed to the public). Formal Italianate terraces and rectangular ponds creep away from the house into orderly disorder, transforming themselves into a picturesque wooded valley and wild garden, complete with rushing stream. Key features are the 55m laburnum tunnel; fragrant rose gardens; great banks of azaleas and rhododendrons; and some of the tallest giant redwoods in Britain. zFestivals & Events Victorian ExtravaganzaPERFORMING ARTS (www.victorian-extravaganza.com; hMay) Llandudno's biggest annual event, held over the early-May Bank Holiday weekend and comprising parades, magic shows and music. 4Sleeping Beach CoveB&B ( %01492-879638; 8 Church Walks; s £35 d £60-70; W) A stone's throw both from the Great Orme and the Promenade, this B&B on a street full of B&Bs represents excellent value for money, particularly for single travellers. The decor is all light wood and creams; breakfast is ample; and if you're travelling with your sweetie, consider splurging on the four-poster room. Llandudno HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-877430; www.llandudnohostel.co.uk; 14 Charlton St; dm £21, tw £48-52, f £74-126; p W) Central cheapie with clean, cavernous rooms, tea- and coffee-making facilities, a continental breakfast and about as much atmosphere as the moon. oClontarf HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-877621; www.clontarf.co.uk; 2 Great Ormes Rd; s £45 d £65-88; p W) The nine individually styled rooms at this small, friendly hotel come with luxurious touches: there are sophisticated showers in three of the rooms, and a four-poster bed and whirlpool bath in the Romantic room. All rooms look out either to the sea or the Great Orme, and a small bar contributes to evening relaxation. Escape B&BB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-877776; www.escapebandb.co.uk; 48 Church Walks; r £89-120; p W) Llandudno's first boutique B&B has nine five-star rooms decorated in designer style and which include a host of energy-saving and luxurious features. It's hard to choose a favourite, but the Loft, with its split-level accommodation and retro vibe, does it for us. All rooms come with Blu-Ray players and Bose iPod docks, and there are tasty breakfasts. Osborne HouseHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-860330; www.osbornehouse.co.uk; 17 North Pde; ste £145-176; p i) All about marble, antique four-poster beds, fireplaces and fancy drapes, lavish Osbourne House takes a classical approach to aesthetics, and the results are impressive. All rooms are suites; the best is on the 1st floor with Victorian-style sitting rooms and sea views. Guests have use of spa facilities at the Empire Hotel. 5Eating oCharactersCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.charactersllandudno.com; 11 Llewelyn Ave; lunch £4-6, dinner £14-16; h11am-5pm Mon-Sat, 6-8pm Fri & Sat; v) If you're wondering whether it's the place that's full of character or the people running it, well, it's both. Llandudno's hippest tearoom serves wonderful cream teas (£4) and three-tiered high teas (£7.95), six types of scones (including choc chip and Turkish delight flavours), along with light lunches of sandwiches, lobscows (beef, beef bone, potato and vegetable stew) and jacket potatoes. Weekend nights sizzle with cook-it-yourself hot-stone dinners. Fish Tram ChipsFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fishtramchipsllandudno.co.uk; 22-24 Old Rd; mains £7-10; hnoon-2pm & 5-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-2.30pm Sun) Come to this firm local favourite for crispy battered plaice, cod, haddock and hake, and moreish, fried-to-perfection chips, or take it all away to munch on the pier. Ham Bone Food Hall & BrasserieDELI, CAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hambone.co.uk; 3 Lloyd St; mains £6-10; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun; W) The best deli-cafe in Llandudno, the Hambone stocks a range of freshly made wraps, sandwiches and award-winning pork pies, perfect for a picnic. At night it becomes a brasserie, with great food made from scratch: paprika-maple-chicken burgers, huge pizzas, and an ever-changing range of specials. Carmel BistroMODERN WELSH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-877643; www.carmelbistro.co.uk; 17 Craig y Don Pde; 2-course menu £18.50; h6.45pm-late Tue-Sat) With its short-but-sweet menu and an emphasis on fresh local ingredients, this is the place for the discerning carnivore. Choose one of three starters and then have your mature Welsh rump steak cooked one of five different ways, or else sink your teeth into some slow-grilled lamb chops. Book ahead. SeahorseSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-875315; 7 Church Walks; mains £15-23; h4.30pm-late Tue-Sat) Llandudno's only proper seafood restaurant reels you in with delights such as haddock chowder, local wild seabass, Conwy mussels and – drum roll, please! – the Codfather. The chef is a keen fisherman, and the menu reflects his passion for the local catch. 6Drinking & Entertainment King's HeadPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.kingsheadllandudno.co.uk; Old Rd; hnoon-11pm) For a quiet pint and good pub grub, head to this Victorian pub overlooking the tramway station. Venue CymruTHEATRE, MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01472-872000; www.venuecymru.co.uk; Penrhyn Cres; hbox office 10am-7pm Mon-Sat, plus 1hr before performances) The town's leading arts venue for shows and events, from rock gigs to highbrow classical performances. St John's Methodist ChurchLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stjohnsllandudno.org; 53 Mostyn St) Choir and soloist performances between May and October. 8Information Llandudno General HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-860066; Hospital Rd) One mile south of the town centre. Llandudno Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-577577; www.visitllandudno.org.uk; Mostyn St; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, closed Sun Nov-Mar) In the library building, with helpful staff, maps and plenty of brochures on local attractions. 8Getting There & Away Bus Local buses stop on the corner of Upper Mostyn St and Gloddaeth St. Bus 5 runs to Bangor (£3.50, one hour, one to two per hour) and Caernarfon (£3.50, 1½ hours, hourly). Bus 15/19 runs to Conwy (£2.50, 22 minutes, one to two per hour). National Express runs direct services to London Victoria (£34, 8¼ to 10½ hours, two daily) and Manchester (£15, 3½ hours, one to two daily) via Liverpool (£11.70, 2½ hours). Car Parking on the Promenade is at a premium. The Parc Llandudno complex, just off the A470 close to the railway station, has lots of spaces. Train Direct services head to/from Betws-y-Coed (£5.90, 48 minutes), Blaenau Ffestiniog (£8.10, 1¼ hours), Chester (£18, one hour) and Manchester Piccadilly (£30, 2¼ hours); for other destinations you'll need to change at Llandudno Junction (£2.60, eight minutes). #### DON'T MISS ### LLANDUDNO JUNCTION'S CULINARY DELIGHTS A mere blip on the map between Conwy and Llandudno, Llandudno Junction boasts a cafe and a fish-and-chip joint that would do any city proud. oProvideroCAFE (148 Conwy Rd; coffee £1.85; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-6pm Sat) Providero started out as a North Coast–plying coffee van but has found a more permanent home in this wonderful thimble-sized cafe. You may well find yourself lingering over a cup of locally roasted coffee or one of the 30-plus types of tea, propping up the bar and watching the friendly barista work his latte-art magic. oEnoch's FISH & CHIPS ( %01492-581145; www.enochs.co.uk; 146 Conwy Rd; mains £8-18; h11.30am-8.30pm; c) S Enoch's, the first chip shop dedicated to the Marine Stewartship Council (MSC), attracts customers from many miles with its offerings. Mains are a perfect blend of tender fish and crispy batter; nonpescatarians are kept happy with award-winning Edwards sausages and deluxe burgers; and one of the specials – cod rarebit – actually made us groan out loud with pleasure. ### Conwy Pop 3870 Unesco-designated Conwy Castle dominates the cute little walled town: approaching from the east, three bridges span the river and add a further theatrical flourish to the splendid sight of its turrets and towers. The regenerated Conwy Quay at the castle's feet makes for ideal strolling, and – for a place of its size – compact Conwy has a wonderful range of places to eat, drink and be merry. A highlight of the year is the Gwledd Conwy Feast (www.gwleddconwyfeast.co.uk; hOct), a food festival with music and arts events, held annually in late October. If you've dragged your feet with booking lodgings, fear not: nearby Llandudno can accommodate the Conwy spillover. Conwy 1Top Sights 1Conwy CastleD3 1Sights 2Aberconwy HouseB2 3Lower GateC1 4Mill GateB3 5Plas MawrB2 6Royal Cambrian AcademyB2 7Smallest House in Great BritainB1 8Town WallC3 9Upper GateA3 4Sleeping 10Castle HotelB2 11GwynfrynA2 5Eating 12Amelie'sB2 13Parisella's of Conwy Ice CreamC1 14Press RoomC2 15Watson's BistroA2 6Drinking & Nightlife 16Albion Ale HouseA2 7Shopping 17Knight ShopC2 1Sights oConwy CastleCASTLE (Cadw; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-592358; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; Castle Sq; adult/child £5.75/4.35; h9.30am-5pm; p) Perhaps the most impressive of all Edward I's 'Iron Ring' of fortresses, built between 1277 and 1307 to subdue the rebellious Welsh, Conwy Castle rises from a rocky outcrop with commanding views across the estuary and Snowdonia National Park. Its moss-covered walls and eight mighty towers enclose a largely intact Great Hall used for feasting; there's a disembodied King's Head in the King's Apartments, and that cloaked man up one of the towers just might be the resident phantom. Plas MawrHISTORIC BUILDING (Cadw; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; High St; adult/under 16yr £5.75/4.35; h9am-5pm Apr-Sep) Plas Mawr, one of Britain's finest surviving Elizabethan town houses, was built in 1576 for Robert Wynn. The owner's pride in his noble credentials is evident in the vivid interior, with its colourful friezes, splendid plasterwork ceilings and references to the Wynn dynasty's descent from the princes of Gwynedd. The audioguide-enhanced exhibition on disease in Tudor and Stuart times is an eye-opener; and on summer evenings Blodwen the Maid leads you on a spooky hunt for resident spectres. Town WallFORTIFICATIONS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) F Encircling the old town and built concurrently with the castle, the 1300m-long wall, punctuated by 21 towers, was erected to protect the English colonists from the Welsh. Ascend the battlements through the Lower Gate ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) on Berry St and follow the wall round to the Upper Gate ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ). Then pick up the other accessible section of the wall at the Mill Gate ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) for the best views of the castle. Aberconwy HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NT; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; Castle St; adult/child £3.50/1.75; h11am-5pm) This timber-and-plaster building is the town's oldest medieval house, dating from around 1300. It's worn several hats in its lifetime – from merchant's house and a naval captain's abode to temperance hotel, bakery and antiques shop. The unevenly floored rooms are lined with period furniture, including an 18th-century clock made by local craftsman Moses Evans. Royal Cambrian AcademyGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rcaconwy.org; Crown Lane; h11am-5pm Tue-Sat) F The twin white-walled galleries host exhibitions by Academy members, such as watercolours depicting Snowdonia by Maurice Greenwood; visiting shows from the National Museum of Wales; and the excellent Annual Summer Exhibition from July to September. Smallest House in Great BritainBUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thesmallesthouseingreatbritain.co.uk; Lower Gate St; adult/child £1/50p; h10am-4pm Apr-Oct) Even hobbit-sized visitors to this tiny red construction will wonder how the last resident – a 6ft 3in fisherman – managed to live in the two minute rooms that together measure 9ft by 6ft. 4Sleeping oConwy YHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 371 9732; www.yha.org.uk; Larkhill, Sychnant Pass Rd; dm/r £22/49; p W) Perched on a hill above the town, this former hotel has been converted into a top-notch hostel with a full range of facilities, two- and four-bed dorms and mostly en suite private rooms. It's a 10-minute walk from Upper Gate St onto Sychnant Pass Rd and then up a long drive to the left. oGwynfrynB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-576733; www.gwynfrynbandb.co.uk; 4 York Pl; r £70-85; W) The helpful owners of this family B&B – set in a refurbished, five-bedroom Victorian property just off the main square – preside over brightly coloured, individually styled rooms; the Rouge Room comes with the best views. Thoughtful touches throughout: fridges; biscuits and chocolates; and books and DVDs to borrow. Bryn B&BB&B ( %01492-592449; www.bryn.org.uk; Sychnant Pass Rd; s/d £65/80; p W) Appealing Victorian house just beyond the town walls, with five sumptous guest rooms decked out in a soothing cream colour scheme. Breakfast is delightful, with freshly baked bread and organic and fair-trade ingredients. Nothing is too much trouble for the congenial proprietor. Castle HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-582800; www.castlewales.co.uk; High St; s/d/ste from £89/166/270; p W) The rooms at Conwy's swishest lodgings feature purple-and-gold decor and Bose sound systems; higher-priced rooms boast castle views, four-poster beds and free-standing baths. The hotel's **Dawson's Restaurant** serves well-executed brasserie-style meals in elegant surroundings (light bites from £7 to £13, mains £15 to £23). 5Eating oParisella's of Conwy Ice Cream ICE CREAM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.parisellasicecream.co.uk; Conwy Quay; per scoop £1.90) The kiosk on the quay sells some of the finest ice cream in Wales. The picks of the 50-plus flavours include mint choc-chip, salted caramel, death by chocolate, and amaretto and black cherry. Press RoomCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-592242; 3 Rose Hill St; mains £6-9; h10.30am-3.30pm; v c) With an outdoor courtyard facing the castle, this arty, friendly cafe-cum-health-food-shop serves up the likes of Welsh rarebit, veggie quiches, black pudding and potato patties, and homemade cakes, along with fair-trade coffees. oWatson's BistroMODERN WELSH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-596326; www.watsonsbistroconwy.co.uk; Bishop's Yard, Chapel St; 2-course lunch £11, mains £16-23; hnoon-2pm Wed-Sun, 5.30-8pm daily) For modern Welsh food in an intimate bistro setting, Watson's is the smartest option in town. Everything is homemade, from the chicken-liver pâté to the ice cream. Wraps, burgers and topped ciabatta grace the lunchtime menu; at night, the bistro's trio of lamb shares the spotlight with the likes of hake with samphire. Amelie'sFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-583142; 10 High St; lunch £5-7, dinner £13-20; h11.30am-2.15pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat; v) The heroine of the Audrey Tautou film would feel at home in this cheery French-motif bistro with wood floors and flowers on the tables. Mains – from the lunchtime goats cheese and onion marmalade tart to the evening's melt-in-your-mouth cod with pancetta – are prepared with great attention to both flavour and presentation. 6Drinking oAlbion Ale HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.albionalehouse.weebly.com; 1-4 Upper Gate St; hnoon-11pm) Born out of a collaboration of four Welsh craft breweries (Purple Moose, Conwy, Nant and Great Orme), this heritage-listed 1920s pub is a beer-drinker's nirvana with eight real ales on tap. There's no TV or background music – just the crackle of the fire, the hum of conversation and the click of knitting needles from the local Stich'n'Bitch club. 7Shopping Knight ShopGIFTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-541300; www.theknightshop.co.uk; Castle Sq; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri) Always buying boring ol' souvenirs for your loved ones? Then why not go for a Henry VIII–era replica helmet, a war-hammer, some chainmail or perhaps a bottle of locally brewed whisky mead instead? 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01492-577566; www.visitllandudno.org.uk; Rose Hill St; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun) Extremely busy, well-stocked office, with an interesting interactive exhibition on the princes of Gwynedd. 8Getting There & Away Most buses stop by the train station. Bus routes include 5/X5 to Caernarfon (£3.50, 1¼ hours, one to two per hour), Bangor (£3.50, 30 minutes); 15/19 to Llandudno (£2.50, 22 minutes, one to two per hour) and 19 to Betws-y-Coed (£3.50, one hour). Conwy's train station is inside the town walls, on Rosemary Lane. Direct services head to/from Holyhead (£13.50, one hour), Bangor (£6.30, 17 minutes) and Shrewsbury (£20, 2¼ hours). ### Llangollen Population 3470 Llangollen (lan-goch-len), huddled in the fertile Vale of Llangollen around the banks of the tumbling River Dee, is a scenic, quintessential Welsh town. Both steam-powered and watery attractions lie on its fringes, and it's a popular destination for walkers, bikers and general fresh-air fiends. In July, Llangollen's streets become packed with attendees of its international arts festival. Llangollen 1Sights 1Plas NewyddC3 2Activities, Courses & Tours 2Llangollen RailwayC1 4Sleeping 3Cornerstones GuesthouseC2 4Llangollen HostelB2 5Eating 5Corn MillB1 6Gales of LlangollenC2 1Sights & Activities oPontcysyllte Aqueduct & Canal World Heritage SiteCANAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-292015; www.pontcysyllte-aqueduct.co.uk; guided tours £3; hvisitor centre 10am-4pm Mar-Oct) F In the 18th century the horse-drawn canal barge was the most efficient way of hauling goods over long distances. These days the Llangollen Canal that was once used to carry drinking water from the River Dee to the Hurleston Reservoir in Cheshire is in use once more, with Jones the Boats ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-824166; www.canaltrip.co.uk; Old Wharf, Trevor; adult/child £5/3; hApr-Oct) carrying passengers on boat rides over the head-spinningly high miracle of engineering that is the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, designed by the great civil engineer Thomas Telford (1757–1834). The old towpaths also offer peaceful, traffic-free walking. Castell Dinas BrânCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) F The ragged arches and tumbledown walls of Dinas Brân mark the remnants of a short-lived 13th-century castle that fell to Edward I's campaign against Llywellyn ap Gruffydd. The all-encompassing 360-degree views from the hilltop are well worth the two-hour return walk up the steep track; follow the Offa's Dyke Path arrows from Llangollen Wharf. Plas NewyddHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.denbighshire.gov.uk/heritage; Hill St; adult/child £5.50/4.50; h10am-5pm Wed-Mon Apr-Sep) Ornate Plas Newydd was home to Lady Eleanor Butler and Miss Sarah Ponsonby, two society ladies who ran away from Ireland to Wales disguised as men, and settled down here to enjoy 'friendship, celibacy and the knitting of stockings'. Various high-profile figures of the day, attracted by the romantic story, came to call on the Ladies of Llangollen: admirers included the Duke of Wellington and William Wordsworth. There's a good self-guided audio tour of the house, and tranquil gardens to explore. Valle Crucis AbbeyRUIN (Abaty Glyn y Groes; Cadw; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cadw.wales.gov.uk; A542; adult/concession £3.50/2.65 Apr-Oct, free Nov-Mar; h10am-5pm) The mournful ruins of this 13th-century Cistercian abbey are a 2-mile walk from Llangollen. The abbey is particularly atmospheric on grey days, when its intact wall rises out of the mist. The vaulted chapter house is remarkably well preserved; the cloister is not, but a small interpretation centre brings the monks' daily routines to life. Llangollen RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-860979; www.llangollen-railway.co.uk; Abbey Rd; adult/under 15yr return £12/6; hdaily Apr-Sep) The 7.5-mile jaunt through the Dee Valley via Berwyn (near Horseshoe Falls) and Carrog on the former Ruabon-to-Barmouth line is a superb day out for families and heritage-rail-lovers alike. The 2½ mile extension to Corwen should be completed by the end of 2014. zFestivals & Events Llangollen Fringe FestivalPERFORMING ARTS (www.llangollenfringe.co.uk; hJul) This small-town, volunteer-run arts festival, held in July, manages to attract some big names: 2014's line-up included Gruff Rhys of the Super Furry Animals. International Musical EisteddfodMUSIC (http://international-eisteddfod.co.uk; hJul) Choral performances, costumed dances and more. Staged at the Royal International Pavilion in early July. ### ESSENTIAL EISTEDDFOD National Eisteddfod (www.eisteddfod.org.uk; hAug), pronounced _'ey-steth-vot',_ is an eight-day celebration of Welsh culture, and Europe's largest festival of competitive music-making and poetry. Descended from ancient bardic tournaments, it is conducted in Welsh, with prizes for best prose and poetry presented by robed Druids (modern-day bards). Many people come in search of Welsh ancestry, while musical fringe events featuring local bands lend a slight Glastonbury-style atmosphere. Eisteddfod is generally held in early August, and the venue swings annually between North and South Wales. Urdd Eisteddfod (www.urdd.org; hMay/Jun) is a separate young people's festival – _urdd_ (pronounced _'irth'_ ) is Welsh for 'youth' – held in late May/early June. The format resembles its bigger brother, National Eisteddfod, and involves around 15,000 children and teenagers competing in singing, dancing and other competitions. International Musical Eisteddfod is the most famous of all, established after WWII to promote international harmony. Held over six days in early July, it attracts participants from around 50 countries, transforming Llangollen into a global village. In addition to daily folk-music and dancing competitions, gala concerts at the Royal International Pavilion feature international stars. 4Sleeping & Eating Llangollen HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-861773; www.llangollenhostel.co.uk; Berwyn St; dm/d/tr from £18/45/60; p W) An ubercentral hostel that doesn't have a Dickensian orphanage vibe is a rare beast in Wales. In this welcoming home-away-from-home cyclists and canoeists haunt the well-equipped kitchen and guest lounge; there's both storage for your bike/boat and laundry facilities for mucky gear. A light breakfast seals the deal. Cornerstones GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-861569; www.cornerstones-guesthouse.co.uk; 15 Bridge St; r £100-120; p W #) This converted 16th-century house, all sloping floorboards and oak beams, has charm and history. River View is our favourite of the three rooms; it has a free-standing bath and the gentle lapping of the River Dee sends you off to sleep. Breakfast is a sumptuous affair for carnivores and vegetarians alike. Gales of LlangollenEUROPEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.galesofllangollen.co.uk; 18 Bridge St; mains £11-19; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Mon-Sat; v) Turn up early to grab a table at the friendly, wood-panelled Gales wine bar–restaurant, a Llangollen institution. The formidable wine list is 100-strong, and the succinct food menu includes firm favourites (Welsh black rib-eye, pork belly), daily changing specials (dolcelatte and walnut tortelli), and platters of cold cuts and artisan cheeses. When it's busy, continents may drift before you get served. Corn MillGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-869555; www.brunningandprice.co.uk/cornmill; Dee Lane; light meals £7-11, mains £10-18; hnoon-9.30pm; W) The water wheel still turns at the heart of this converted mill, now a well-lit, buzzy, multistorey gastropub. The deck overlooking the River Dee is a great spot for an alfresco lunch, and the well-executed dishes – from crab linguine and steak sandwiches to slow-cooked pork belly – are real crowd pleasers. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01978-860828; www.northwalesborderlands.co.uk; The Chapel, Castle St; h9.30am-5pm) Helpful well-stocked tourist office, in the same building as the library. 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus X94 heads to Wrexham (£3.30, 35 minutes, eight daily Monday to Saturday), Bala (£5, 48 minutes), Dolgellau (£5.40, 1½ hours) and Barmouth (£5.40, 1¾ hours). National Express coaches head to Wrexham (£2.80, 25 minutes), Shrewsbury (£4.70, 55 minutes) and Birmingham (£11.90, 2½ hours). Car Parking is at a premium in Llangollen. If your accommodation doesn't provide parking, check whether it can provide a pass for the council car parks. ### Ruthin Pop 5500 Tucked away in the quiet Clwyd Valley, Ruthin is a town with a particularly appealing historic heart. **St Peter's Square** features some fine half-timbered houses, including the Old Courthouse with a protruding beam that served as a gibbet (now home to NatWest Bank). **Offa's Dyke Path** national trail passes through the nearby Clwydian Range Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). 1Sights Nantclwyd y DreHISTORIC BUILDING (www.nantclwydydre.co.uk; Castle St; adult/child £4/3; h10.30am-5pm Fri-Sun Apr-Sep) The 15th-century Nantclwyd y Dre is the oldest timber-framed building in Wales, with rooms restored to various eras and an attic full of endangered bats. Ruthin GaolHISTORIC BUILDING (www.ruthingaol.co.uk; 46 Clwyd St; adult/child £4/3; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Apr-Oct) An audioguided tour around Ruthin Gaol, a sombre Victorian construction, initiates you into the grisly world of 17th-century penal correction. Ruthin Craft CentreARTS CENTRE (www.ruthincraftcentre.org.uk; Park Rd; h10am-5pm; p) F The town's arts hub, with a decent cafe and information centre. 4Sleeping & Eating ManorhausBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( %01824-704830; www.manorhaus.com; 10 Well St; s/d from £87.50/115; W) This boutique restaurant-with-rooms is the place to stay in town. It has eight gorgeously styled bedrooms, each decorated in collaboration with a different local or national artist. oOn the HillMODERN BRITISH ( %01824-707736; www.onthehillrestaurant.co.uk; 1 Upper Clwyd St; mains £13-17, 1-/2-/3-course lunch £10/13/16; h6.30-9pm Tue, noon-2pm & 6.30-9pm Wed-Sat) A brief stopover in Ruthin is worth it for the sophisticated cooking at On the Hill alone. 8Getting There & Away Bus X1/1/2 runs to Chester (£5.50, one hour, two daily Monday to Saturday). ### Bangor Pop 17,990 If you've ever descended on the university town of Bangor on a rainy day and were confronted with the sight of a forlorn, mostly emply High St where a homeless man was playing 'Moon River' on his saxophone, you can understand why most travellers dismiss Bangor as unlovely. It's a useful transport hub, however, and may yet undergo a cultural renaissance once the ambitious new performance arts centre is completed in 2015. 1Sights Penrhyn CastleCASTLE (NT; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationaltrust.org.uk; off Llandegai Rd; adult/child £10.35/5.18; hcastle noon-5pm, grounds 11am-5pm Mar-Oct) Bangor's main attraction, Penrhyn Castle is an immense 19th-century neo-Norman fortress flanked by a Victorian walled garden. Funded by the vast profits from the slate mine of the Caribbean sugar plantation owner and anti-abolitionist First Baron Penrhyn, it is both tasteless and formidable, with darkly extravagant rooms in the neo-Gothic hall. 5Eating Blue SkyCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01248-355444; www.blueskybangor.co.uk; 236 High St; mains £4-9; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Get to Blue Sky early to beat the crowds who come for the best breakfasts, soups, sandwiches, burgers and salads in town. Noodle OneASIAN (www.noodleone.com; 166 High St; mains £7.50-9; hnoon-3pm & 5-10pm Sun-Thu, noon-10pm Fri & Sat) If you're in Bangor on a Sunday, Noodle One is your one good option. It serves ample portions of noodle dishes from all over Asia. 8Getting There & Away From the bus station, National Express coaches head to Porthmadog (£8.30, one hour), Caernarfon (£6.80, 25 minutes), Holyhead (£19.50, 50 minutes) and Birmingham (£27.90, 5½ hours) daily and to London Victoria (£32.50, nine to 11 hours) twice daily. Bus routes include the following: 5/X5 to Caernarfon (£3.50, 30 minutes, one to two per hour), Conwy (£3.50, 35 minutes, one to two per hour) and Llandudno (£3.50, 56 minutes, one to two per hour). 53–58 to Beaumaris (£3.30, 30 minutes, two hourly Monday to Saturday). 85/86 to Llanberis (£2.20, 27 minutes, one to two per hour). T2 to Aberystwyth (£5.40, 3¼ hours, two daily) via Caernarfon (£2.60, 25 minutes), Porthmadog (£5.40, one hour), Dolgellau (£5.40, two hours), Machynlleth (£5.40, 2½ hours) and Aberystwyth (£5.40, 3¼ hours). X4 to Holyhead (£3.50, 50 minutes, one to two per hour). Snowdon Sherpa S6 morning service to Capel Curig (£2, 33 minutes) and Betws-y-Coed (£2, 45 minutes). Bangor's train station is on Holyhead Rd. Direct trains run to/from Holyhead (£8.70, 30 minutes), Conwy (£6.30, 17 minutes) and London Euston (£86, 3¼ hours). # Breathtaking Britain Britain is best known for the historic capitals of London and Edinburgh, the university towns of Cambridge and Oxford, and the well-preserved Roman remains in Bath. However, beyond the urban sprawl lies another Britain: a landscape of high mountain vistas, dramatic valleys lined with lakes, and – as befitting an island – thousands of miles of spectacular coastline. ### Lake District The Lake District is home to the highest mountains in England, as well as some of the longest and most beautiful lakes. With summits snow-capped in winter, and spectacular at any time of year, this landscape inspired the poet William Wordsworth, and is a major magnet for hikers today. Lake DistrictJON BOYES / GETTY IMAGES © ### Snowdonia Wales is crowned with Snowdonia – a range of rocky peaks and glacier-hewn valleys stretching across the north of the country. Snowdon itself is accessible by Swiss-style cog railway, while Tryfan and Glyder Fawr offer equally challenging hikes and spectacular views, as well as more chance of solitude. Snowdon Mountain RailwayGRANT DIXON / GETTY IMAGES © ### Cornwall's Coast In Britain, you're spoilt for choice when it comes to beautiful coastline, but in the far southwest, the coast of Cornwall is hard to beat, with its stunning combination of sandy beaches, tranquil coves, picture-postcard fishing ports, adrenaline-pumping surf spots and rugged cliffs carved by Atlantic waves. Cape CornwallJON SPAULL / GETTY IMAGES © ### Scotland's Northwest Highlands The long journey to the far northwest corner of the Scottish Highlands (p924) is repaid with some of the finest scenery anywhere in Britain. In this wild and remote region, the sheer mountainsides drop to the sea, while narrow sea lochs cut deep inland, creating a landscape that is almost other-worldly in its beauty. Eilean Donan Castle, ScotlandALTRENDO TRAVEL / GETTY IMAGES © # Scotland #### Edinburgh #### Glasgow & Southern Scotland #### Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland #### Central & Northern Highlands & Islands # Scotland ## Scotland Highlights 1 Exploring Scotland's capital, **Edinburgh** , one of the world's most fascinating cities 2 Enjoying glorious Victorian architecture, great nightlife and friendly locals in **Glasgow** 3 Getting permanent jawdrop along the **northwest Highlands coast** 4 Experiencing the romantic ruins of the **Border Abbeys** 5 Uncovering scenic beauty and tragic history at **Glen Coe** 6 Capturing the brooding splendour of Skye's **Cuillin Hills** 7 Climbing **Ben Nevis** , the highest point in Britain 8 Admiring the magnificent forests and lochs of **Highland** **Perthshire** 9 Discovering 5000-year-old neolithic sites on **Orkney** Meandering road in The Quiraing, a landslip in Skye Island, ScotlandJORDANPHOTO / GETTY IMAGES © # Edinburgh #### History #### Edinburgh Highlights #### Sights #### Activities #### Walking Tour #### Tours #### Festivals & Events #### Sleeping #### Eating #### Drinking & Nightlife #### Entertainment #### Shopping # Edinburgh Population 460,400 / Area 116 sq km ### Why Go? Edinburgh is a city that begs to be explored. From the vaults and wynds (narrow lanes) that riddle the Old Town to the urban villages of Stockbridge and Cramond, it's filled with quirky come-hither nooks that tempt you to walk just a little bit further. And every corner turned reveals sudden views and unexpected vistas – green sunlit hills, a glimpse of rust-red crags, a blue flash of distant sea. But there's more to Edinburgh than sightseeing – there are top shops, world-class restaurants and a bacchanalia of bars to enjoy. This is a city of pub crawls and impromptu music sessions, mad-for-it clubbing and all-night parties, overindulgence, late nights and wandering home through cobbled streets at dawn. All these superlatives come together in August at festival time, when it seems as if half the world descends on Edinburgh for one enormous party. If you can possibly manage it, join them. ### When to Go In May there's good weather (usually), flowers and cherry blossom everywhere, and (gasp!) no crowds. August is festival time – crowded and mad, but unmissable. In December there are Christmas decorations, cosy pubs with open fires and ice skating in Princes Street Gardens. ### Best Places to Eat AThe Kitchin AGardener's Cottage AThe Dogs AOndine AFishers Bistro ATimberyard ### Best Places to Stay AWitchery by the Castle AHotel Missoni ASandaig Guest House ASouthside Guest House AMalone's Old Town Hostel History Back in the 7th century the Castle Rock was called Dun Eiden (meaning 'Fort on the Hill Slope'). When invaders from the kingdom of Northumbria in northeast England captured it in 638, they took the existing Gaelic name 'Eiden' and tacked it onto their own Old English word for fort, _burh_ , to create the name Edinburgh. Originally a purely defensive site, Edinburgh began to expand in the 12th century when King David I held court at the castle and founded the abbey at Holyrood. The city's first effective town wall was constructed around 1450, enclosing the Old Town; this overcrowded area became a medieval Manhattan, forcing its inhabitants to build tenements five and six storeys high. The capital played an important role in the Reformation (1560–1690), led by the firebrand John Knox. Mary, Queen of Scots held court in the Palace of Holyroodhouse for six brief years, but when her son James VI succeeded to the English throne in 1603, he moved his court to London. The Act of Union in 1707 further reduced Edinburgh's importance. Nevertheless, cultural and intellectual life flourished during the Scottish Enlightenment (roughly from 1740 to 1830), and Edinburgh became known as 'a hotbed of genius'. In the second half of the 18th century, the New Town was built, and in the 19th century the population quadrupled to 400,000 as suburbs of Victorian tenements spread to the north and south. In the 1920s, the city's borders expanded again to encompass Leith in the north, Cramond in the west and the Pentland Hills in the south. Following WWII, the city's cultural life blossomed, stimulated by the Edinburgh International Festival and its fellow traveller the Fringe, both held for the first time in 1947 and now recognised as world-class arts festivals. Edinburgh entered a new era following the 1997 referendum vote in favour of a devolved Scottish parliament, which first convened in July 1999. The parliament is housed in a controversial new building in Holyrood at the foot of the Royal Mile, where the 2007 elections saw the Scottish National Party – whose long-term aim is independence for Scotland – take power for the first time. However, in a 2014 referendum on independence, the Scots voted by 55% to 45% to remain in the UK. ## Edinburgh Highlights 1 Taking in the views from the battlements of Edinburgh Castle 2 Enjoying the finest of Scottish seafood at Ondine or Fishers Bistro 3 Nosing around the Queen's private quarters on the former Royal Yacht Britannia at Leith 4 Listening to live folk music at Sandy Bell's 5 Trying to decipher the Da Vinci code at mysterious Rosslyn Chapel 6 Exploring Edinburgh's subterranean history in the haunted vaults of South Bridge and Real Mary King's Close 7 Climbing to the summit of the city's miniature mountain, Arthur's Seat 1Sights Edinburgh's main attractions are concentrated in the city centre – on and around the Old Town's Royal Mile between the castle and Holyrood, and in New Town. A major exception is the Royal Yacht Britannia _,_ which is in the redeveloped docklands district of Leith, 2 miles northeast of the centre. ### EDINBURGH IN... ### TWO DAYS A two-day trip to Edinburgh should start at **Edinburgh Castle** , followed by a stroll down the **Royal Mile** to the **Scottish Parliament Building** and the **Palace of Holyroodhouse**. You can work up an appetite by climbing **Arthur's Seat** , then satisfy your hunger with dinner at **Ondine** or **Timberyard**. On day two, spend the morning in the **National Museum of Scotland** , then catch the bus to **Leith** for a visit to the **Royal Yacht Britannia**. In the evening, have dinner at one of Leith's many excellent restaurants, or scare yourself silly on a guided **ghost tour**. ### FOUR DAYS Two more days will give you time for a morning stroll around the **Royal Botanic Garden** , followed by a trip to the enigmatic and beautiful **Rosslyn Chapel** , or a relaxing afternoon visit to the seaside village of **Cramond** – bring binoculars (for birdwatching and yacht-spotting) and a book (to read in the sun). Dinner at **Gardener's Cottage** could be before or after your sunset walk to the summit of **Calton Hill**. On day four, head out to the pretty harbour village of **Queensferry** , nestled beneath the **Forth Bridges**. #### Old Town Edinburgh's Old Town stretches along a ridge to the east of the castle, and tumbles down Victoria St to the broad expanse of the Grassmarket. It's a jagged and jumbled maze of masonry riddled with closes (alleys) and wynds (narrow lanes), stairs and vaults, and cleft along its spine by the cobbled ravine of the **Royal Mile**. This mile-long street earned its regal nickname in the 16th century when it was used by the king to travel between the castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse. There are five sections – the Castle Esplanade, Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High St and Canongate – whose names reflect their historical origins. Until the founding of New Town in the 18th century, old Edinburgh was an overcrowded and insanitary hive of humanity squeezed between the boggy ground of the Nor' Loch (North Loch, now drained and occupied by Princes Street Gardens) to the north and the city walls to the south and east. The only way for the town to expand was upwards, and the five- and six-storey tenements that were raised along the Royal Mile in the 16th and 17th centuries were the skyscrapers of their day, remarked upon with wonder by visiting writers such as Daniel Defoe. All classes of society, from beggars to magistrates, lived cheek by jowl in these urban ants' nests, the wealthy occupying the middle floors – high enough to be above the noise and stink of the streets, but not so high that climbing the stairs would be too tiring – while the poor squeezed into attics, basements, cellars and vaults amid the rats, rubbish and raw sewage. Old Town 1Top Sights 1Edinburgh CastleB2 2National Museum of ScotlandE3 3Real Mary King's CloseE1 1Sights 4Camera ObscuraD2 5Gladstone's LandD2 6Greyfriars Bobby StatueE3 7Greyfriars KirkE3 8Greyfriars KirkyardD3 9Museum of EdinburghH1 10Scotch Whisky ExperienceD2 11St Giles CathedralE2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 12Cadies & Witchery ToursD2 13Mercat ToursF2 4Sleeping 14Castle Rock HostelD2 15Hotel MissoniE2 16Malone's Old Town HostelE4 17Smart City HostelG2 18Witchery by the CastleD2 5Eating 19AmberD2 20David BannG2 21Maxie's BistroD2 22MumsE3 23OndineE2 24TimberyardB3 25TowerE3 6Drinking & Nightlife 26Bongo ClubE2 27Bow BarD2 28BrewDogE2 29Cabaret VoltaireF2 30Jolly JudgeD2 31Liquid RoomD2 32Pear Tree HouseG4 3Entertainment 33Edinburgh Festival TheatreG3 34FilmhouseA3 35Henry's Cellar BarA3 36Jazz BarF2 37Royal Lyceum TheatreA3 38Sandy Bell'sE3 39Traverse TheatreA3 40Usher HallA3 41Whistle Binkie'sF1 oEdinburgh CastleCASTLE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk; adult/child incl audioguide £16/9.60; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar, last admission 45min before closing; g23, 27, 41, 42) Edinburgh Castle has played a pivotal role in Scottish history, both as a royal residence – King Malcolm Canmore (r 1058–93) and Queen Margaret first made their home here in the 11th century – and as a military stronghold. The castle last saw military action in 1745; from then until the 1920s it served as the British army's main base in Scotland. Today it is one of Scotland's most atmospheric and most popular tourist attractions. The brooding, black crags of Castle Rock, rising above the western end of Princes St, are the very reason for Edinburgh's existence. This rocky hill was the most easily defended hilltop on the invasion route between England and central Scotland, a route followed by countless armies from the Roman legions of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD to the Jacobite troops of Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1745. The **Entrance Gateway** , flanked by statues of Robert the Bruce and William Wallace, opens to a cobbled lane that leads up beneath the 16th-century **Portcullis Gate** to the cannons ranged along the Argyle and Mills Mount batteries. The battlements here have great views over New Town to the Firth of Forth. At the far end of Mills Mount Battery is the famous **One O'Clock Gun** , where crowds gather to watch a gleaming WWII 25-pounder fire an ear-splitting time signal at exactly 1pm (every day except Sunday, Christmas Day and Good Friday). South of Mills Mount, the road curls up leftwards through **Foog's Gate** to the highest part of Castle Rock, crowned by the tiny, Romanesque **St Margaret's Chapel** , the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh. It was probably built by David I or Alexander I in memory of their mother, Queen Margaret, sometime around 1130 (she was canonised in 1250). Beside the chapel stands **Mons Meg** , a giant 15th-century siege gun built at Mons (in what is now Belgium) in 1449. The main group of buildings on the summit of Castle Rock is ranged around Crown Sq, dominated by the shrine of the **Scottish National War Memorial**. Opposite is the Great Hall, built for James IV (r 1488–1513) as a ceremonial hall and used as a meeting place for the Scottish parliament until 1639. Its most remarkable feature is the original, 16th-century hammer-beam roof. The **Castle Vaults** beneath the Great Hall (entered from Crown Sq via the Prisons of War exhibit) were used variously as storerooms, bakeries and a prison. The vaults have been renovated to resemble 18th- and early-19th-century prisons, where graffiti carved by French and American prisoners can be seen on the ancient wooden doors. On the eastern side of the square is the **Royal Palace** , built during the 15th and 16th centuries, where a series of historical tableaux leads to the highlight of the castle – a strongroom housing the **Honours of Scotland** (the Scottish crown jewels), the oldest surviving crown jewels in Europe. Locked away in a chest following the Act of Union in 1707, the crown (made in 1540 from the gold of Robert the Bruce's 14th-century coronet), sword and sceptre lay forgotten until they were unearthed at the instigation of the novelist Sir Walter Scott in 1818. Also on display here is the **Stone of Destiny**. Among the neighbouring **Royal Apartments** is the bedchamber where Mary, Queen of Scots gave birth to her son James VI, who was to unite the crowns of Scotland and England in 1603. Scotch Whisky ExperienceEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.scotchwhiskyexperience.co.uk; 354 Castlehill; adult/child incl tour & tasting £13.50/6.75; h10am-6.30pm Jun-Aug, to 6pm Sep-May; g2, 23, 27, 41, 42, 45) A former school houses this multimedia centre explaining the making of whisky from barley to bottle in a series of exhibits, demonstrations and tours that combine sight, sound and smell, including the world's largest collection of malt whiskies; look out for Peat the distillery cat! More expensive tours include more extensive whisky tastings and samples of Scottish cuisine. There's also a restaurant that serves traditional Scottish dishes with, where possible, a dash of whisky thrown in. Camera ObscuraEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.camera-obscura.co.uk; Castlehill; adult/child £12.95/9.50; h9.30am-9pm Jul & Aug, to 7pm Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, 10am-6pm Nov-Mar; g2, 23, 27, 42) Edinburgh's camera obscura is a curious 19th-century device – in constant use since 1853 – that uses lenses and mirrors to throw a live image of the city onto a large horizontal screen. The accompanying commentary is entertaining and the whole experience has a quirky charm, complemented by an intriguing exhibition dedicated to illusions of all kinds. Stairs lead up through various displays to the **Outlook Tower** , which offers great views over the city. Gladstone's LandHISTORIC BUILDING (NTS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nts.org.uk; 477 Lawnmarket; adult/child £6.50/5; h10am-6.30pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct; g23, 27, 41, 42) One of Edinburgh's most prominent 17th-century merchants was Thomas Gledstanes, who in 1617 purchased the tenement later known as Gladstone's Land. It contains fine painted ceilings, walls and beams, and some splendid furniture from the 17th and 18th centuries. The volunteer guides provide a wealth of anecdotes and a detailed history. St Giles CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stgilescathedral.org.uk; High St; suggested donation £3; h9am-7pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 1-5pm Sun May-Sep, 9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 1-5pm Sun Oct-Apr; g23, 27, 41, 42) The great grey bulk of St Giles Cathedral dominates Edinburgh's High St. Properly called the High Kirk of Edinburgh (it was only a true cathedral – the seat of a bishop – from 1633 to 1638 and from 1661 to 1689), the church was named after the patron saint of cripples and beggars. The present building dates largely from the 15th century – the beautiful crown spire was completed in 1495 – but much of it was restored in the 19th century. The interior lacks grandeur but is rich in history: a Norman-style church was built here in 1126 but was destroyed by English invaders in 1385 (the only substantial remains are the central piers that support the tower). St Giles was at the heart of the Scottish Reformation, and John Knox served as minister here from 1559 to 1572. One of the most interesting corners of the kirk is the **Thistle Chapel** , built in 1911 for the Knights of the Most Ancient & Most Noble Order of the Thistle. The elaborately carved Gothic-style stalls have canopies topped with the helms and arms of the 16 knights – look out for the bagpipe-playing angel amid the vaulting. By the side of the street, outside the western door of St Giles, is the **Heart of Midlothian** , set into the cobblestone paving. This marks the site of the Tolbooth. Built in the 15th century and demolished in the early 19th century, the Tolbooth served variously as a meeting place for parliament, the town council and the General Assembly of the Reformed Kirk, before becoming law courts and, finally, a notorious prison and place of execution. Passers-by traditionally spit on the heart for luck (don't stand downwind!). At the other end of St Giles is the Mercat Cross, a 19th-century copy of the 1365 original, where merchants and traders met to transact business and royal proclamations were read. oReal Mary King's CloseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 070 6244; www.realmarykingsclose.com; 2 Warriston's Close, High St; adult/child £12.95/7.45; h10am-9pm daily Apr-Oct, to 11pm Aug, 10am-5pm Sun-Thu & 10am-9pm Fri & Sat Nov-Mar; g23, 27, 41, 42) Edinburgh's 18th-century City Chambers were built over the sealed-off remains of Mary King's Close, and the lower levels of this medieval Old Town alley have survived almost unchanged amid the foundations for 250 years. Now open to the public, this spooky, subterranean labyrinth gives a fascinating insight into the everyday life of 17th-century Edinburgh. Costumed characters lead tours through a 16th-century town house and the plague-stricken home of a 17th-century gravedigger. Advance booking recommended. The scripted tour, complete with ghostly tales and gruesome tableaux, can seem a little naff, milking the scary and scatological aspects of the close's history for all they're worth. But there are many things of genuine interest to see; there's something about the crumbling 17th-century **tenement room** that makes the hairs rise on the back of your neck – the tufts of horsehair poking from the collapsing lath-and-plaster walls, the ghost of a pattern on the walls, and the ancient smell of stone and dust thick in your nostrils. In one of the former bedrooms off the close, a psychic once claimed to have been approached by the ghost of a little girl called Annie. It's hard to tell what's more frightening – the story of the ghostly child, or the bizarre heap of tiny dolls and teddies left in a corner by sympathetic visitors. Museum of EdinburghMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk; 142 Canongate; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat year-round, noon-5pm Sun Aug; g35) F You can't miss the colourful facade of Huntly House, brightly renovated in red and yellow ochre, opposite the Tolbooth clock on the Royal Mile. Built in 1570, it houses a museum covering Edinburgh from its prehistory to the present. Exhibits of national importance include an original copy of the National Covenant of 1638, but the big crowd-pleaser is the dog collar and feeding bowl that once belonged to Greyfriars Bobby, the city's most famous canine citizen. Palace of HolyroodhousePALACE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalcollection.org.uk; Horse Wynd; adult/child £11.30/6.80; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar; g35, 36) This palace is the royal family's official residence in Scotland, but is more famous as the 16th-century home of the ill-fated Mary, Queen of Scots. The highlight of the tour is **Mary's Bed Chamber** , home to the unfortunate queen from 1561 to 1567. It was here that her jealous first husband, Lord Darnley, restrained the pregnant queen while his henchmen murdered her secretary – and favourite – Rizzio. A plaque in the neighbouring room marks the spot where he bled to death. The palace developed from a guesthouse, attached to Holyrood Abbey, which was extended by King James IV in 1501. The oldest surviving part of the building, the northwestern tower, was built in 1529 as a royal apartment for James V and his wife, Mary of Guise. Mary, Queen of Scots spent six turbulent years here, during which time she debated with John Knox, married both her first and second husbands, and witnessed the murder of her secretary David Rizzio. The self-guided audio tour leads you through a series of impressive royal apartments, culminating in the **Great Gallery**. The 89 portraits of Scottish kings were commissioned by Charles II and supposedly record his unbroken lineage from Scota, the Egyptian pharaoh's daughter who discovered the infant Moses in a reed basket on the banks of the Nile. The tour continues to the oldest part of the palace, which contains Mary's Bed Chamber, connected by a secret stairway to her husband's bedroom, and ends with the ruins of Holyrood Abbey. Holyrood ParkPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; g35, 36) In Holyrood Park Edinburgh is blessed with a little bit of wilderness in the heart of the city. The former hunting ground of Scottish monarchs, the park covers 263 hectares of varied landscape, including crags, moorland and loch,and the 251m summit of **Arthur's Seat**. Holyrood Park can be circumnavigated by car or bike along Queen's Dr. oNational Museum of ScotlandMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nms.ac.uk; Chambers St; fee for special exhibitions; h10am-5pm; g2, 23, 27, 35, 41, 42, 45) F Broad, elegant Chambers St is dominated by the long facade of the National Museum of Scotland. Its extensive collections are spread between two buildings, one modern, one Victorian – the golden stone and striking modern architecture of the new building, opened in 1998, is one of the city's most distinctive landmarks. The five floors of the museum trace the history of Scotland from geological beginnings to the 1990s, with many imaginative and stimulating exhibits – audioguides are available in several languages. The new building connects with the original Victorian museum, dating from 1861, the stolid, grey exterior of which gives way to a beautifully bright and airy, glass-roofed exhibition hall. The old building houses an eclectic collection covering natural history, archaeology, scientific and industrial technology, and the decorative arts of ancient Egypt, Islam, China, Japan, Korea and the West. Greyfriars KirkCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.greyfriarskirk.com; Candlemaker Row; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri & 11am-2pm Sat Apr-Oct, closed Nov-Mar; g2, 23, 27, 41, 42, 45) F One of Edinburgh's most famous churches, Greyfriars Kirk was built on the site of a Franciscan friary and opened for worship on Christmas Day 1620. Surrounding the church, Greyfriars Kirkyard ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) is one of Edinburgh's most evocative cemeteries, a peaceful green oasis dotted with elaborate monuments. Many famous Edinburgh names are buried here, including the poet Allan Ramsay (1686–1758), architect William Adam (1689–1748) and William Smellie (1740–95), the editor of the first edition of the _Encyclopedia Britannica_. In 1638 the **National Covenant** was signed in the kirk, rejecting Charles I's attempts to impose episcopacy and a new English prayer book on the Scots, and affirming the independence of the Scottish Church. Many who signed were later executed at the Grassmarket and, in 1679, 1200 Covenanters were held prisoner in terrible conditions in the southwestern corner of the kirkyard. There's a small exhibition inside the church. If you want to experience the graveyard at its scariest – inside a burial vault, in the dark, at night – go on one of the City of the Dead guided tours. Greyfriars Bobby StatueMONUMENT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; cnr George IV Bridge & Candlemaker Row; g2, 23, 27, 35, 41, 42, 45) Probably the most popular photo opportunity in Edinburgh, the life-size statue of Greyfriars Bobby, a Skye terrier who captured the hearts of the British public in the late 19th century, stands outside Greyfriars Kirkyard. From 1858 to 1872, the wee dog maintained a vigil over the grave of his master, an Edinburgh police officer. The story was immortalised in a novel by Eleanor Atkinson in 1912, and in 1963 was made into a movie by – who else? – Walt Disney. ### THE STONE OF DESTINY On St Andrew's Day 1996 a block of sandstone – 26.5in by 16.5in by 11in in size, with rusted iron hoops at either end – was installed with much pomp and ceremony in Edinburgh Castle. For the previous 700 years it had lain in London, beneath the Coronation Chair in Westminster Abbey. Almost all English, and later British, monarchs from Edward II in 1307 to Elizabeth II in 1953 have parked their backsides firmly over this stone during their coronation ceremony. The legendary Stone of Destiny – said to have originated in the Holy Land, and on which Scottish kings placed their feet during their coronation (not their bums; the English got that bit wrong) – was stolen from Scone Abbey near Perth by King Edward I of England in 1296. It was taken to London and there it remained for seven centuries – except for a brief removal to Gloucester during WWII air raids, and a three-month sojourn in Scotland after it was stolen by Scottish Nationalist students at Christmas in 1950 – an enduring symbol of Scotland's subjugation by England. The Stone of Destiny returned to the political limelight in 1996, when the then Scottish Secretary and Conservative Party MP, Michael Forsyth, arranged for the return of the sandstone block to Scotland. An attempt to boost the flagging popularity of the Conservative Party in Scotland prior to a general election, Forsyth's publicity stunt failed. The Scots said thanks very much for the stone and then, in May 1997, voted against every Conservative MP in Scotland. Many people, however, believe that Edward I was fobbed off with a shoddy imitation in 1296 and that the true Stone of Destiny remains safely hidden somewhere in Scotland. This is not impossible – some descriptions of the original stone state that it was made of black marble and decorated with elaborate carvings. Interested parties should read _Scotland's Stone of Destiny_ , by Nick Aitchinson, which details the history and cultural significance of Scotland's most famous lump of rock. #### DON'T MISS ### CASTLE HIT LIST If you're pushed for time, here's a list of the top things to see at Edinburgh Castle: AViews from Argyle Battery AOne O'Clock Gun AGreat Hall AHonours of Scotland APrisons of War ### UNDERGROUND EDINBURGH As Edinburgh expanded in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, many old tenements were demolished and new bridges were built to link the Old Town to the newly built areas to its north and south. South Bridge (built between 1785 and 1788) and George IV Bridge (built between 1829 and 1834) lead southwards from the Royal Mile over the deep valley of Cowgate, but so many buildings have been built closely around them that you can hardly tell they are bridges – George IV Bridge has a total of nine arches, but only two are visible; South Bridge has no less than 18 hidden arches. These **subterranean vaults** were originally used as storerooms, workshops and drinking dens. But as early-19th-century Edinburgh's population was swelled by an influx of penniless Highlanders cleared from their lands, and Irish refugees from the potato famine, the dark, dripping chambers were given over to slum accommodation and abandoned to poverty, filth and crime. The vaults were eventually cleared in the late 19th century, then lay forgotten until 1994 when the **South Bridge Vaults** were opened to guided tours. Certain chambers are said to be haunted and one particular vault was investigated by paranormal researchers in 2001. Nevertheless, the most ghoulish aspect of Edinburgh's hidden history dates from much earlier – from the plague that struck the city in 1645. Legend has it that the disease-ridden inhabitants of **Mary King's Close** (a lane on the northern side of the Royal Mile on the site of the City Chambers – you can still see its blocked-off northern end from Cockburn St) were walled up in their houses and left to perish. When the lifeless bodies were eventually cleared from the houses, they were so stiff that workmen had to hack off limbs to get them through the small doorways and narrow, twisting stairs. From that day on, the close was said to be haunted by the spirits of the plague victims. The few people who were prepared to live there reported seeing apparitions of severed heads and limbs, and the largely abandoned close fell into ruin. When the Royal Exchange (now the City Chambers) was constructed between 1753 and 1761, it was built over the lower levels of Mary King's Close, which were left intact and sealed off beneath the building. Interest in the close revived in the 20th century when Edinburgh's city council began to allow occasional guided tours to enter. Visitors have reported many supernatural experiences – the most famous ghost is 'Sarah', a little girl whose sad tale has prompted people to leave gifts of dolls in a corner of one of the rooms. In 2003 the close was opened to the public as the Real Mary King's Close. ### SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT BUILDING The Scottish Parliament Building ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-348 5200; www.scottish.parliament.uk; Horse Wynd; h9am-6.30pm Tue-Thu, 10am-5.30pm Mon, Fri & Sat in session, 10am-6pm Mon-Sat in recess; g35, 36), built on the site of a former brewery close to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, was officially opened by HM the Queen in October 2005. The public areas of the parliament building – the Main Hall, where there is an exhibition, a shop and a cafe, and the **public gallery** in the Debating Chamber – are open to visitors (tickets needed for public gallery; see website for details). You can also take a free, one-hour **guided tour** (advance booking recommended) that includes a visit to the Debating Chamber, a committee room, the Garden Lobby and, when possible, the office of an MSP (Member of the Scottish Parliament). If you want to see the parliament in session, check the website to see when it will be sitting – business days are normally Tuesday to Thursday year-round. Enric Miralles (1955–2000), the architect who conceived the design of the Scottish Parliament Building, believed that a building could be a work of art. However, the weird concrete confection that has sprouted at the foot of Salisbury Crags has left the good people of Edinburgh staring and scratching their heads in confusion. What does it all mean? The strange forms of the exterior are all symbolic in some way, from the oddly shaped windows on the west wall (inspired by the silhouette of the _Reverend Robert Walker Skating on Duddingston Loch,_ one of Scotland's most famous paintings), to the ground plan of the whole complex, which represents a 'flower of democracy rooted in Scottish soil' (best seen looking down from Salisbury Crags). The **Main Hall** , inside the public entrance, has a low, triple-arched ceiling of polished concrete, like a cave, cellar or castle vault. It is a dimly lit space, the starting point for a metaphorical journey from this relative darkness up to the **Debating Chamber** (sitting directly above the Main Hall), which is, in contrast, a palace of light – the light of democracy. This magnificent chamber is the centrepiece of the parliament, designed not to glorify, but to humble the politicians who sit within it. The windows face Calton Hill, allowing MSPs to look up to its monuments (reminders of the Scottish Enlightenment), while the massive, pointed oak beams of the roof are suspended by steel threads above the MSPs' heads like so many Damoclean swords. #### New Town Edinburgh's New Town lies north of the Old Town, on a ridge running parallel to the Royal Mile and separated from it by the valley of Princes Street Gardens. Its regular grid of elegant, neoclassical terraces is the world's most complete and unspoilt example of Georgian architecture and town planning. Along with the Old Town, it was declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1995. **Princes St** is one of the world's most spectacular shopping streets. Built up on the north side only, it catches the sun in summer and allows expansive views across Princes Street Gardens to the castle and the crowded skyline of the Old Town. **Princes Street Gardens** lie in a valley that was once occupied by the Nor' Loch, a boggy depression that was drained in the early 19th century. The gardens are split in the middle by The Mound, which was created by around two million cart-loads of earth excavated from the foundations of New Town being dumped here to provide a road link across the valley to the Old Town. It was completed in 1830. New Town 1Sights 1Bute HouseA3 2Georgian HouseA3 3Nelson MonumentH2 4Scott MonumentE3 5Scottish National GalleryD4 6Scottish National Portrait GalleryE2 4Sleeping 7Haggis HostelF3 8TigerlilyB3 5Eating 9Café MarlayneC3 10Gardener's CottageH1 11La P'tite FolieC2 12The DogsD2 13Urban AngelD2 6Drinking & Nightlife 14AbbotsfordE3 15Amicus AppleC3 16BrambleD2 17Café Royal Circle BarF3 18Oxford BarB3 3Entertainment 19The Stand Comedy ClubE2 7Shopping 20Multrees WalkE2 21Princes MallE3 22St James CentreF2 Scott MonumentMONUMENT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk; East Princes Street Gardens; admission £4; h10am-7pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Oct-Mar; gall Princes St buses) The eastern half of Princes Street Gardens is dominated by the massive Gothic spire of the Scott Monument, built by public subscription in memory of the novelist Sir Walter Scott after his death in 1832. The exterior is decorated with carvings of characters from his novels; inside you can see an exhibition on Scott's life, and climb the 287 steps to the top for a superb view of the city. Scottish National GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalgalleries.org; The Mound; fee for special exhibitions; h10am-5pm Fri-Wed, to 7pm Thu; gall Princes St buses) F Designed by William Playfair, this imposing classical building with its Ionic porticoes dates from the 1850s. Its octagonal rooms, lit by skylights, have been restored to their original Victorian decor of deep-green carpets and dark-red walls. The gallery houses an important collection of European art from the Renaissance to post-Impressionism, with works by Verrocchio (Leonardo da Vinci's teacher), Tintoretto, Titian, Holbein, Rubens, Van Dyck, Vermeer, El Greco, Poussin, Rembrandt, Gainsborough, Turner, Constable, Monet, Pissarro, Gauguin and Cézanne. The upstairs galleries house portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds and Sir Henry Raeburn, and a clutch of **Impressionist paintings** , including Monet's luminous _Haystacks,_ Van Gogh's demonic _Olive Trees_ and Gauguin's hallucinatory _Vision After the Sermon_. But the painting that really catches your eye is the gorgeous portrait of Lady Agnew of Lochnaw by John Singer Sargent. The basement galleries dedicated to **Scottish art** include glowing portraits by Allan Ramsay and Sir Henry Raeburn, rural scenes by Sir David Wilkie and Impressionistic landscapes by William MacTaggart. Look out for Raeburn's iconic _Reverend Robert Walker Skating on Duddingston Loch,_ and Sir George Harvey's hugely entertaining _A Schule Skailin_ (A School Emptying) – a stern dominie (teacher) looks on as the boys stampede for the classroom door, one reaching for a confiscated spinning top. Kids will love the fantasy paintings of Sir Joseph Noel Paton in room B5; the incredibly detailed canvases are crammed with hundreds of tiny fairies, goblins and elves. Each January the gallery exhibits its **collection of Turner watercolours** , bequeathed by Henry Vaughan in 1900. Room X is graced by Antonio Canova's white marble sculpture, **The Three Graces** ; it is owned jointly with London's Victoria & Albert Museum. Georgian HouseHISTORIC BUILDING (NTS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nts.org.uk; 7 Charlotte Sq; adult/child £6.50/5; h10am-6pm Jul & Aug, 10am-5pm Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, 11am-4pm Mar, 11am-3pm Nov; g47) The National Trust for Scotland's Georgian House has been beautifully restored and furnished to show how Edinburgh's wealthy elite lived at the end of the 18th century. The walls are decorated with paintings by Allan Ramsay, Sir Henry Raeburn and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Scottish National Portrait GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalgalleries.org; 1 Queen St; h10am-5pm Fri-Wed, to 7pm Thu) F The Venetian Gothic palace of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery reopened its doors in 2011 after a two-year renovation, emerging as one of the city's top attractions. Its galleries illustrate Scottish history through paintings, photographs and sculptures, putting faces to famous names from Scotland's past and present, from Robert Burns, Mary, Queen of Scots and Bonnie Prince Charlie to Sean Connery, Billy Connolly and poet Jackie Kay. The gallery's interior is decorated in Arts and Crafts style, and nowhere more splendidly than in the **Great Hall**. Above the gothic colonnade a processional frieze painted by William Hole in 1898 serves as a 'visual encyclopedia' of famous Scots, shown in chronological order from Calgacus (the chieftain who led the Caledonian tribes into battle against the Romans) to writer and philosopher Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881). The murals on the first-floor balcony depict scenes from Scottish history, while the ceiling is painted with the constellations of the night sky. The gallery's selection of 'trails' leaflets adds a bit of background information while leading you around the various exhibits; the Hidden Histories trail is particularly interesting. #### Calton Hill Calton Hill (100m), rising dramatically above the eastern end of Princes St, is Edinburgh's acropolis, its summit scattered with grandiose memorials mostly dating from the first half of the 19th century. It is also one of the best viewpoints in Edinburgh, with a panorama that takes in the castle, Holyrood, Arthur's Seat, the Firth of Forth, New Town and the full length of Princes St. Looking a bit like an upturned telescope – the similarity is intentional – and offering even better views, the Nelson Monument ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk; Calton Hill; admission £4; h10am-7pm Mon-Sat & noon-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, 10am-3pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar; gall Leith St buses) was built to commemorate Admiral Lord Nelson's victory at Trafalgar in 1805. #### Leith Two miles northeast of the city centre, Leith has been Edinburgh's seaport since the 14th century and remained an independent burgh with its own town council until it was incorporated by the city in the 1920s. Like many of Britain's dockland areas, it fell into decay in the decades following WWII but has been undergoing a revival since the late 1980s. oRoyal Yacht BritanniaSHIP ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.royalyachtbritannia.co.uk; Ocean Terminal; adult/child £12.75/7.75; h9.30am-6pm Jul-Sep, to 5.30pm Apr-Jun & Oct, 10am-5pm Nov-Mar, last admission 90min before closing; g11, 22, 34, 35, 36) Built on Clydeside, the former Royal Yacht _Britannia_ was the British royal family's floating holiday home during their foreign travels from the time of her launch in 1953 until her decommissioning in 1997, and is now moored permanently in front of Ocean Terminal. The tour, which you take at your own pace with an audioguide (included in admission fee and available in 20 languages), lifts the curtain on the everyday lives of the royals, and gives an intriguing insight into the Queen's private tastes. _Britannia_ is a monument to 1950s decor, and the accommodation reveals Her Majesty's preference for simple, unfussy surroundings. There was nothing simple or unfussy, however, about the running of the ship. When the Queen travelled, with her went 45 members of the royal household, five tons of luggage and a Rolls-Royce that was carefully squeezed into a specially built garage on the deck. The ship's company consisted of an admiral, 20 officers and 220 yachtsmen. The decks (of Burmese teak) were scrubbed daily, but all work near the royal accommodation was carried out in complete silence and had to be finished by 8am. A thermometer was kept in the Queen's bathroom to make sure the water was the correct temperature, and when in harbour one yachtsman was charged with ensuring that the angle of the gangway never exceeded 12 degrees. Note the mahogany windbreak that was added to the balcony deck in front of the bridge. It was put there to stop wayward breezes from blowing up skirts and inadvertently revealing the royal undies. _Britannia_ was joined in 2010 by the 1930s **racing yacht Bloodhound** , which was owned by the Queen in the 1960s. She is moored alongside _Britannia_ (except in July and August, when she is away cruising) as part of an exhibition about the Royal family's love of all things nautical. The Majestic Tour bus runs from Waverley Bridge to _Britannia_ during opening times. #### WORTH A TRIP ### ROSSLYN CHAPEL The success of Dan Brown's novel _The Da Vinci Code_ and the subsequent Hollywood film has seen a flood of visitors descend on Scotland's most beautiful and enigmatic church: Rosslyn Chapel (Collegiate Church of St Matthew; www.rosslynchapel.org.uk; Chapel Loan, Roslin; adult/child £9/free; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-4.45pm Sun). The chapel was built in the mid-15th century for William St Clair, third earl of Orkney, and the ornately carved interior – at odds with the architectural fashion of its time – is a monument to the mason's art, and rich in symbolic imagery. As well as flowers, vines, angels and biblical figures, the carved stones include many examples of the pagan 'Green Man'; other figures are associated with Freemasonry and the Knights Templar. Intriguingly, there are also carvings of plants from the Americas that predate Columbus' voyage of discovery. The symbolism of these images has led some researchers to conclude that Rosslyn is some kind of secret Templar repository, and it has been claimed that hidden vaults beneath the chapel could conceal anything from the Holy Grail or the head of John the Baptist to the body of Christ himself. The chapel is owned by the Episcopal Church of Scotland and services are still held here on Sunday mornings. The chapel is on the eastern edge of the village of Roslin, 7 miles south of Edinburgh's centre. Lothian Bus 15 (not 15A) runs from the west end of Princes St in Edinburgh to Roslin (£1.50, 30 minutes, every 30 minutes) via Penicuik (it may be faster to catch any bus to Penicuik, then the 15 to Roslin). #### Greater Edinburgh Edinburgh ZooZOO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edinburghzoo.org.uk; 134 Corstorphine Rd; adult/child £16.50/12; h9am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct & Mar, to 4.30pm Nov-Feb) Opened in 1913, Edinburgh Zoo is one of the world's leading conservation zoos. Edinburgh's captive breeding program has helped save many endangered species, including Siberian tigers, pygmy hippos and red pandas. The main attractions are the two **giant pandas** , Tian Tian and Yang Guang, who arrived in December 2011; the **penguin parade** (the zoo's penguins go for a walk every day at 2.15pm), and the **sea lion** training session (daily at 11.15am). The zoo is 2.5 miles west of the city centre; take Lothian Bus 12, 26 or 31, First Bus 16, 18, 80 or 86, or the Airlink Bus 100 westbound from Princes St. Royal Botanic GardenGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rbge.org.uk; Arboretum Pl; h10am-6pm Mar-Sep, to 5pm Feb & Oct, to 4pm Nov-Jan; g8, 23, 27) F Edinburgh's Royal Botanic Garden is the second oldest institution of its kind in Britain (after Oxford), and one of the most respected in the world. Founded near Holyrood in 1670 and moved to its present location in 1823, its 70 beautifully landscaped acres include splendid Victorian glass houses, colourful swathes of rhododendron and azalea, and a world famous rock garden. The garden's new visitor centre, the John Hope Gateway, is housed in a striking, environmentally friendly building overlooking the main entrance on Arboretum Place. The centre has exhibitions on biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development, as well as displays of rare plants from the institution's collection and a specially created biodiversity garden. Take Lothian Bus 8, 23 or 27 to the East Gate, or the Majestic Tour bus to the main entrance. 2Activities Edinburgh is lucky to have several good walking areas within the city boundary, including Arthur's Seat, Calton Hill, Blackford Hill, Hermitage of Braid, Corstorphine Hill, and the coast and river at Cramond. You can follow the **Water of Leith Walkway** from the city centre to Balerno (8 miles), and continue across the Pentlands to Silverburn (6.5 miles) or Carlops (8 miles), and return to Edinburgh by bus. Another good walk is along the towpath of the **Union Canal** , which begins in Fountainbridge and runs all the way to Falkirk (31 miles). ## 2Walking Tour Old Town Alleys **Start** Castle Esplanade **Finish** Cockburn St **Distance** One mile **Duration** 1-2 hours This walk explores the alleys and side streets around the the Royal Mile, and involves a bit of climbing up and down steep stairs. Begin on the 1 **Castle Esplanade** , which provides a grandstand view south over the Grassmarket; the prominent quadrangular building with all the turrets is George Heriot's School, which you'll be passing later on. Head towards Castlehill and the start of the Royal Mile. The 17th-century house on the right is known as 2 **Cannonball House** because of the iron ball lodged in the wall (look between, and slightly below, the two largest windows on the wall facing the castle). It was not fired in anger, but marks the gravitation height to which water would flow naturally from the city's first piped water supply. The low, rectangular building across the street (now a touristy tartan-weaving mill) was originally the reservoir that held the Old Town's water supply. On its west wall is the 3 **Witches Well** , where a bronze fountain commemorates around 4000 people (mostly women) who were executed between 1479 and 1722 on suspicion of witchcraft. Go past the reservoir and turn left down Ramsay Lane. Take a look at 4 **Ramsay Garden** – one of Edinburgh's most desirable addresses – where late-19th-century apartments were built around the octagonal Ramsay Lodge, once home to poet Allan Ramsay. The cobbled street continues around to the right below student residences, to the towers of the 5 **New College** , home to Edinburgh University's Faculty of Divinity. Nip into the courtyard to see the statue of John Knox (a firebrand preacher who led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, and was instrumental in the creation of the Church of Scotland in 1560). Just past New College turn right and climb the stairs into Milne's Court, a student residence belonging to Edinburgh University. Exit into Lawnmarket, cross the street (bearing slightly left) and duck into 6 **Riddell's Court** , a typical Old Town close at No 322-8. You'll find yourself in a small courtyard, but the house in front of you (built in 1590) was originally the edge of the street (the building you just walked under was added in 1726 – look for the inscription in the doorway on the right). The arch with the inscription _'_ Vivendo discimus' (we live and learn) leads into the original 16th-century courtyard. Go back into the street, turn right and right again down Fisher's Close, which leads to the delightful Victoria Terrace, strung above the cobbled curve of shop-lined Victoria St. Wander right, enjoying the view – 7Maxie's Bistro, at the far end of the terrace, is a great place to stop for a drink – then descend the stairs at the foot of Upper Bow and continue downhill to the Grassmarket. At the east end, outside Maggie Dickson's pub, is the 8 **Covenanters Monument** , which marks the site of the gallows where more than 100 Covenanters were martyred in the 17th century. If you're feeling peckish, the Grassmarket has several good places to eat and a couple of good pubs – Robert Burns once stayed at the 9 **White Hart Inn**. Head east along the gloomy defile of the Cowgate, passing under the arch of George IV Bridge – the buildings to your right are the new law courts, while high up to the left you can see the complex of buildings behind Parliament Sq. Past the courts, on the right, is a **Tailors Hall** (built 1621, extended 1757), now a hotel and bar but formerly the meeting place of the Companie of Tailzeours (Tailors' Guild). Turn left and climb steeply up Old Fishmarket Close, a typical cobbled Old Town wynd, and emerge once more onto the Royal Mile. Across the street and slightly downhill is b **Anchor Close** , named for a tavern that once stood there. It hosted the Crochallan Fencibles, an 18th-century drinking club that provided its patrons with an agreeable blend of intellectual debate and intoxicating liquor. The club was founded by William Smellie, editor of the first edition of the _Encyclopedia Brittanica;_ its best-known member was the poet Robert Burns. Go down Anchor Close, to finish the walk on c **Cockburn St** , one of the city's coolest shopping streets, lined with record shops and clothing boutiques. The street was cut through Old Town tenements in the 1850s to provide an easy route between Waverley Station and the Royal Mile. TTours Walking Tours There are plenty of organised walks around Edinburgh, many of them related to ghosts, murders and witches. For starting times of individual walks, check the tour websites. City of the Dead ToursWALKING TOUR (www.cityofthedeadtours.com; adult/concession £10/8) This tour of Greyfriars Kirkyard is probably the scariest of Edinburgh's 'ghost' tours. Many people have reported encounters with the 'Mc­Kenzie Poltergeist', the ghost of a 17th-century judge who persecuted the Covenanters, and now haunts their former prison in a corner of the kirkyard. Not suitable for young children. Cadies & Witchery ToursWALKING TOURS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.witcherytours.com; adult/child £8.50/6) The becloaked and pasty-faced Adam Lyal (deceased) leads a 'Murder & Mystery' tour of the Old Town's darker corners. These tours are famous for their 'jumper-ooters' – costumed actors who 'jump oot' when you least expect it. Edinburgh Literary Pub TourWALKING TOUR (www.edinburghliterarypubtour.co.uk; adult/student £14/10) An enlightening two-hour trawl through Edinburgh's literary history – and its associated howffs (pubs) – in the entertaining company of Messrs Clart and McBrain. One of the city's best walking tours. Mercat ToursWALKING TOURS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mercattours.com; adult/child £10/5) Mercat offers a wide range of fascinating history walks and 'Ghosts & Ghouls' tours, but its most famous is a visit to the hidden, haunted, underground vaults beneath South Bridge. Rebus ToursWALKING TOUR (www.rebustours.com; adult/student £10/9) A two-hour guided tour of the 'hidden Edinburgh' frequented by novelist Ian Rankin's fictional detective, John Rebus. Not recommended for children under 10. Bus Tours Open-topped buses leave from Waverley Bridge outside the main train station and offer hop-on/hop-off tours of the main sights, taking in New Town, the Grassmarket and the Royal Mile. They're a good way to get your bearings, although with a bus map and a Day Saver bus ticket (£3) you could do much the same thing but without the commentary. Tours run daily, year-round, except for 24 and 25 December. Tickets for the following two tours remain valid for 24 hours. City SightseeingBUS TOUR (www.edinburghtour.com; adult/child £13/6; hdaily year-round except 25 Dec) Bright-red, open-top buses depart every 20 minutes from Waverley Bridge. Majestic TourBUS TOUR (www.edinburghtour.com; adult/child £13/6; hdaily year-round except 25 Dec) Hop on-hop off tour departing every 15 to 20 minutes from Waverley Bridge to the Royal Yacht Britannia at Ocean Terminal via the New Town, Royal Botanic Garden and Newhaven, returning via Leith Walk, Holyrood and the Royal Mile. zFestivals & Events April Edinburgh International Science FestivalSCIENCE FESTIVAL (www.sciencefestival.co.uk) First held in 1987, it hosts a wide range of events, including talks, lectures, exhibitions, demonstrations, guided tours and interactive experiments designed to stimulate, inspire and challenge. From dinosaurs to ghosts to alien life forms, there's something to interest everyone. The festival runs over two weeks in April. May Imaginate FestivalARTS FESTIVAL (www.imaginate.org.uk) This is Britain's biggest festival of performing arts for children, with events suitable for kids aged from three to 12. Groups from around the world perform classic tales like _Hansel and Gretel,_ as well as new material written specially for children. The one-week festival takes place annually in May. June Scottish Real Ale FestivalFOOD & DRINK FESTIVAL (www.scottishbeerfestival.org.uk) A celebration of all things fermented and yeasty, Scotland's biggest beer-fest gives you the opportunity to sample a wide range of traditionally brewed beers from Scotland and around the world. Froth-topped bliss. The festival is held over a weekend in June or July. Royal Highland ShowAGRICULTURAL SHOW (www.royalhighlandshow.org; Royal Highland Centre, Ingliston) Scotland's hugely popular national agricultural show is a four-day feast of all things rural, with everything from showjumping and tractor driving to sheep shearing and falconry. Countless pens are filled with coiffed show cattle and pedicured prize ewes. The show is held over a long weekend (Thursday to Sunday) in late June. Edinburgh International Film FestivalFILM FESTIVAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edfilmfest.org.uk) One of the original Edinburgh Festival trinity, having first been staged in 1947 along with the International Festival and the Fringe, the two-week June film festival is a major international event, serving as a showcase for new British and European films, and staging the European premieres of one or two Hollywood blockbusters. July Edinburgh International Jazz & Blues FestivalMUSIC FESTIVAL (www.edinburghjazzfestival.com) Held annually since 1978, the Jazz & Blues Festival pulls in top talent from all over the world. It runs for nine days, beginning on a Friday, a week before the Fringe and Tattoo begin. The first weekend sees a carnival parade on Princes St and an afternoon of free, open-air music in Princes Street Gardens. August Half a dozen world-class events run simultaneously. See the boxed text for details. December Edinburgh's ChristmasFESTIVAL (www.edinburghschristmas.com) The youngest of the Scottish capital's festivals, first held in 2000, the Christmas bash runs from late November to early January and includes a big street parade, a Christmas market, a fairground and Ferris wheel, and an open-air ice rink in Princes Street Gardens. Edinburgh's HogmanayFESTIVAL (www.edinburghshogmanay.com) Edinburgh's Hogmanay is the biggest winter festival in Europe. Events run from 27 December to 1 January, and include a torchlight procession, huge street party and the famous 'Loony Dook', a chilly sea-swimming event on New Year's Day. To get into the main party area in the city centre after 8pm on 31 December you'll need a ticket – book well in advance. ### AUGUST FESTIVALS August in Edinburgh sees a frenzy of festivals, with four world-class events running at the same time. Edinburgh Festival Fringe ( %0131-226 0026; www.edfringe.com) When the first Edinburgh Festival was held in 1947, there were eight theatre companies who didn't make it onto the main program. Undeterred, they grouped together and held their own mini-festival, on the fringe, and an Edinburgh institution was born. Today the Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the biggest festival of the performing arts anywhere in the world. The Fringe takes place over 3½ weeks in August, the last two weeks overlapping with the first two of the Edinburgh International Festival. Edinburgh International Festival ( %0131-473 2099; www.eif.co.uk) First held in 1947 to mark a return to peace after the ordeal of WWII, the Edinburgh International Festival is festooned with superlatives – the oldest, the biggest, the most famous, the best in the world. The original was a modest affair, but today hundreds of the world's top musicians and performers congregate in Edinburgh for three weeks of diverse and inspirational music, opera, theatre and dance. The festival takes place over three weeks ending on the first Saturday in September; the program is usually available from April. Tickets for popular events – especially music and opera – sell out quickly, so it's best to book as far in advance as possible. You can buy tickets in person at the Hub ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01131-473 2015; www.thehub-edinburgh.com; Castlehill; admission free; hticket centre 10am-5pm Mon-Sat), or by phone or over the internet. Edinburgh Military Tattoo ( %0131-225 1188; www.edintattoo.co.uk) The month kicks off with the Edinburgh Military Tattoo, a spectacular display of military marching bands, massed pipes and drums, acrobats, cheerleaders and motorcycle display teams, all played out in front of the magnificent backdrop of the floodlit castle. The Tattoo takes place over the first three weeks of August (from a Friday to a Saturday); there's one show at 9pm Monday to Friday and two (at 7.30pm and 10.30pm) on Saturday, but no performance on Sunday. Edinburgh International Book Festival ( %0845 373 5888; www.edbookfest.co.uk) Held in a little village of marquees in the middle of Charlotte Sq, the Edinburgh International Book Festival is a fun fortnight of talks, readings, debates, lectures, book signings and meet-the-author events, with a cafe and tented bookshop thrown in. The festival lasts for two weeks in August (usually the first two weeks of the Edinburgh International Festival). 4Sleeping Edinburgh is not short of accommodation, but you can guarantee the city will be packed to the gills during the festival period (August) and over Hogmanay (New Year). If you want a room during these periods, book as far in advance as possible. In general, it's best to book ahead for accommodation at Easter and from mid-May to mid-September. #### Old Town oMalone's Old Town HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-226 7648; www.maloneshostel.com; 14 Forrest Rd; dm £16-25; i W) No fancy decor or style credentials here, but they've got the basics right: it's clean, comfortable and friendly, and set upstairs from an Irish pub where guests get discounts on food and drink. The cherry on the cake is its superbly central location, an easy walk from the Royal Mile, the castle, the Grassmarket and Princes St. Smart City HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-524 1989; www.smartcityhostels.com; 50 Blackfriars St; dm £24-28, tr £99; i W) A big, modern hostel, with a convivial cafe where you can buy breakfast, and mod cons such as keycard access and charging stations for mobile phones, MP3 players and laptops. Lockers in every room, a huge bar and a central location just off the Royal Mile make this a favourite among the young, party-mad crowd – don't expect a quiet night! Castle Rock HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 9666; www.scotlands-top-hostels.com; 15 Johnston Tce; dm £14-24, tr £54-60; i W) With its bright, spacious, single-sex dorms, superb views and friendly staff, the 200-bed Castle Rock has lots to like. It has a great location – the only way to get closer to the castle would be to pitch a tent on the esplanade – a games room, reading lounge and big-screen video nights. Hotel MissoniBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-220 6666; www.hotelmissoni.com; 1 George IV Bridge; r £125-290; W) The Italian fashion house has established a style icon in the heart of the medieval Old Town with this bold statement of a hotel – modernistic architecture, black-and-white decor with well-judged splashes of colour, impeccably mannered staff and, most importantly, very comfortable bedrooms and bathrooms with lots of nice little touches, from fresh milk in the minibar to plush bathrobes. oWitchery by the CastleB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 5613; www.thewitchery.com; Castlehill, Royal Mile; ste £325-360) Set in a 16th-century Old Town house in the shadow of Edinburgh Castle, the Witchery's nine lavish Gothic suites are extravagantly furnished with antiques, oak panelling, tapestries, open fires, four-poster beds and roll-top baths, and supplied with flowers, chocolates and complimentary champagne. Overwhelmingly popular – you'll have to book several months in advance to be sure of getting a room. #### New Town & Around Haggis HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-557 0036; www.haggishostels.co.uk; 3 West Register St; dm £18-30; i W) The Haggis is a small, clean and relatively quiet hostel, with pinewood bunks and comfy mattresses in four-, eight- and 10-bed dorms. There's a small kitchen and recreation area, and a laundry. The location is great, off the east end of Princes St and just two minutes' walk from train and bus stations. B+B EdinburghHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 5084; www.bb-edinburgh.com; 3 Rothesay Tce; d/ste from £110/170; W) Built in 1883 as a grand home for the proprietor of the _Scotsman_ newspaper, this Victorian extravaganza of carved oak, parquet floors, stained glass and elaborate fireplaces was given a designer makeover in 2011 to create a striking contemporary hotel. Rooms on the 2nd floor are the most spacious, but the smaller top-floor rooms enjoy the finest views. Dene Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-556 2700; www.deneguesthouse.com; 7 Eyre Pl; per person £25-50; W) The Dene is a friendly and informal place, set in a charming Georgian town house, with a welcoming owner and spacious bedrooms. The inexpensive single rooms make it ideal for solo travellers; children under 10 staying in their parents' room pay half price. TigerlilyBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 5005; www.tigerlilyedinburgh.co.uk; 125 George St; r from £210; W) Georgian meets gorgeous at this glamorous, glittering boutique hotel (complete with its own nightclub) decked out in mirror mosaics, beaded curtains, swirling Timorous Beasties textiles and wall coverings, and atmospheric pink uplighting. Book the Georgian Suite (from £410) for a truly special romantic getaway. #### South Edinburgh Argyle BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-667 9991; www.argyle-backpackers.co.uk; 14 Argyle Pl; dm £18-22, s/tw £56/58; i W) The Argyle, spread across three adjacent terraced houses, is a quiet and relaxed hostel offering single, double and twin rooms as well as four- to 10-bed dorms (mixed sex). There is a comfortable TV lounge, an attractive little conservatory and a pleasant walled garden at the back where you can sit outside in summer. oSouthside Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-668 4422; www.southsideguesthouse.co.uk; 8 Newington Rd; s/d £75/95; W) Though set in a typical Victorian terrace, the Southside transcends the traditional guesthouse category and feels more like a modern boutique hotel. Its eight stylish rooms ooze interior design, standing out from other Newington B&Bs through the clever use of bold colours and modern furniture. Breakfast is an event, with Buck's Fizz (champagne mixed with orange juice) on offer to smooth the rough edges off your hangover! No 45B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-667 3536; www.edinburghbedbreakfast.com; 45 Gilmour Rd; s/d £70/140; W) A peaceful setting, a large garden and friendly owners contribute to the appeal of this Victorian terraced house, which overlooks the local bowling green. The decor is a blend of 19th- and 20th-century, with bold Victorian reds, pine floors and period fireplace in the lounge, a rocking horse and art-nouveau lamp in the hallway, and a 1930s vibe in the three spacious bedrooms. Aonach Mor Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-667 8694; www.aonachmor.com; 14 Kilmaurs Tce; r £50-125; i W) This elegant Victorian terraced house is located on a quiet back street and has seven bedrooms, beautifully decorated, with many original period features. Our favourite is the four-poster bedroom with polished mahogany furniture and period fireplace. Located 1 mile southeast of the city centre. Sherwood Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-667 1200; www.sherwood-edinburgh.com; 42 Minto St; d £55-100; p W) One of the most attractive guest houses on Minto St's B&B strip, the Sherwood is a refurbished Georgian terraced house decked out with hanging baskets and shrubs. Inside are six en suite rooms that combine Regency-style striped wallpaper with modern fabrics and pine furniture. #### Northeast Edinburgh Edinburgh Central Youth HostelHOSTEL (SYHA; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-524 2090; www.edinburghcentral.org; 9 Haddington Pl, Leith Walk; dm/s/tw £25/49/74; i W) This modern, purpose-built hostel, about a half-mile north of Waverley train station, is a big (300 beds), flashy, five-star establishment with its own cafe-bistro as well as self-catering kitchen, smart and comfortable eight-bed dorms and private rooms, and mod cons including keycard entry and plasma- screen TVs. Sandaig Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-554 7357; www.sandaigguesthouse.co.uk; 5 East Hermitage Pl, Leith Links; s/d from £70/90; W) From the welcoming tot of whisky liqueur to the cheerful goodbye wave, the owners of the Sandaig know a thing or two about hospitality. There are plenty of things that make staying here a pleasure, from the boldly coloured decor to the crisp cotton sheets, big fluffy towels and refreshing power showers, and a breakfast menu that includes porridge with cream and maple syrup. Ardmor HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-554 4944; www.ardmorhouse.com; 74 Pilrig St; s £60-85, d £85-170; W) The 'gay-owned, straight-friendly' Ardmor is a stylishly renovated Victorian house with five en suite bedrooms, and all those little touches that make a place special – an open fire, thick towels, crisp white bed linen and free newspapers at breakfast. Millers 64B&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-454 3666; www.millers64.com; 64 Pilrig St; s from £80, d £90-150; W) Luxury textiles, colourful cushions, stylish bathrooms and fresh flowers added to a warm Edinburgh welcome make this Victorian town house a highly desirable address. There are just two bedrooms (and a minimum three-night stay during festival periods), so book well in advance. 5Eating In the last decade there has been a boom in the number of restaurants in Edinburgh – the city now has more restaurants per head of population than any other UK city. For good-value eats, head for the student-populated areas south of the city centre: Bruntsfield, Marchmont and Newington. Fine dining is concentrated in the New Town, Stockbridge and Leith. ### BEST VALUE BISTROS Many restaurants in Edinburgh offer good-value lunches. Here are a few suggestions from various parts of the city: * L 'Escargot Bleu ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-556 1600; www.lescargotbleu.co.uk; 56 Broughton St; mains £13-18; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-10pm Mon-Thu, noon-3pm & 5.30-10.30pm Fri & Sat; g8) This cute little bistro is as Gallic as garlic, but makes fine use of quality Scottish produce – the French-speaking staff will lead you knowledgeably through a menu that includes authentic Savoyard _tartiflette_ , quenelle of pike with lobster sauce, and pigs' cheeks braised in red wine with roasted winter vegetables. * Urban Angel ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 6215; www.urban-angel.co.uk; 121 Hanover St; mains £5-13; h8am-5pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat & Sun; v c; g23, 27) A wholesome deli that puts the emphasis on fair-trade, organic and locally sourced produce, Urban Angel also has a delightfully informal cafe-bistro that serves all-day brunch (porridge with honey, French toast, eggs Benedict), tapas, and a wide range of light, snacky meals. * La P'tite Folie This is a delightful little restaurant with a Breton owner whose menu includes French classics – onion soup, _moules marinières_ – alongside steaks, seafood and a range of plats du jour. The two-course lunch is a bargain at £9.95. #### Old Town oMumsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.monstermashcafe.co.uk; 4a Forrest Rd; mains £6-9; h9am-10pm Mon-Sat, 10am-10pm Sun; g23, 27, 41, 42) S This nostalgia-fuelled cafe serves up classic British comfort food that wouldn't look out of place on a 1950s menu – bacon and eggs, bangers and mash, shepherd's pie, fish and chips. But there's a twist – the food is all top-quality nosh freshly prepared from local produce, including Crombie's gourmet sausages. There's even a wine list, though we prefer the real ales and Scottish-brewed cider. oTimberyardSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-221 1222; www.timberyard.co; 10 Lady Lawson St; mains £16-21; hnoon-9.30pm Tue-Sat; W; g2, 35) S Ancient worn floorboards, cast-iron pillars, exposed joists and tables made from slabs of old mahogany create a rustic, retro atmosphere in this slow-food restaurant where the accent is on locally sourced produce from artisan growers and foragers. Typical dishes include seared scallop with apple, jerusalem artichoke and sorrel; and juniper-smoked pigeon with wild garlic flowers and beetroot. David BannVEGETARIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-556 5888; www.davidbann.com; 56-58 St Mary's St; mains £9-13; hnoon-10pm Mon-Fri, 11am-10pm Sat & Sun; v; g35) S If you want to convince a carnivorous friend that cuisine à la veg can be as tasty and inventive as a meat-muncher's menu, take them to David Bann's stylish restaurant – dishes such as parsnip and blue cheese pudding, and spiced aduki bean and cashew pie, are guaranteed to win converts. AmberSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-477 8477; www.amber-restaurant.co.uk; 354 Castlehill; mains £12-20; h10am-7.30pm Sun-Thu, to 9pm Fri & Sat; g23, 27, 41, 42) You've got to love a place where the waiter greets you with the words, 'My name is Craig, and I'll be your whisky adviser for this evening'. Located in the Scotch Whisky Experience, this whisky-themed restaurant manages to avoid the tourist clichés and creates genuinely interesting and flavoursome dishes blending top Scottish produce with whisky-inspired sauces. oOndineSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-226 1888; www.ondinerestaurant.co.uk; 2 George IV Bridge; mains £14-39, 2-/3-course lunch £22/25; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-10pm Mon-Sat; g23, 27, 41, 42) Ondine is one of Edinburgh's finest seafood restaurants, with a menu based on sustainably sourced fish. Take a seat at the curved Oyster Bar and tuck into oysters Kilpatrick, lobster thermidor, a roast shellfish platter or just good old haddock and chips (with minted pea purée, just to keep things posh). TowerSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-225 3003; www.tower-restaurant.com; National Museum of Scotland, Chambers St; mains £18-39, 2-course lunch & pretheatre menu £19, afternoon tea £19; h10am-11pm; g23, 27, 41, 42) Chic and sleek, with a great view of the castle, Tower is perched in a turret atop the National Museum of Scotland building. A star-studded guest list of celebrities has enjoyed its menu of quality Scottish food, simply prepared – try half a dozen oysters followed by roast loin of venison. Afternoon tea (£18) is served from 2.30pm to 5.30pm. #### New Town oGardener's CottageSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-558 1221; www.thegardenerscottage.co; 1 Royal Terrace Gardens, London Rd; lunch mains £16-17, dinner set menu £30; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-10pm Thu-Mon, 10am-2pm Sat & Sun; gall London Rd buses) S This country cottage in the heart of the city, bedecked with flowers and fairy lights, offers one of Edinburgh's most interesting dining experiences – two tiny rooms with communal tables made of salvaged timber, and a set menu based on fresh local produce (most of the vegetables and fruit are grown in an organic garden in the city suburbs). Booking is essential. The DogsBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-220 1208; www.thedogsonline.co.uk; 110 Hanover St; mains £10-15; hnoon-4pm & 5-10pm; g23, 27) S One of the coolest tables in town, this bistro-style place uses cheaper cuts of meat and less-well-known, more-sustainable species of fish to create hearty, no-nonsense dishes such as lamb sweetbreads on toast, baked coley with _skirlie_ (fried oatmeal and onion), and devilled liver with bacon and onions. Café MarlayneFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-226 2230; www.cafemarlayne.com; 76 Thistle St; mains £12-15; hnoon-10pm; g24, 29, 42) All weathered wood and candlelit tables, Café Marlayne is a cosy nook offering French farmhouse cooking – _brandade de morue_ (salt cod) with green salad, slow-roast rack of lamb, _boudin noir_ (black pudding) with scallops and sautéed potato – at very reasonable prices. Booking is recommended. #### Leith Chop ChopCHINESE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-553 1818; www.chop-chop.co.uk; 76 Commercial St; mains £7-11; hnoon-2pm & 6-10pm Mon & Wed-Fri, noon-2pm & 5-10pm Sat, 12.30-2pm & 5-10pm Sun) A Chinese restaurant with a difference, in that it serves dishes popular in China rather than Britain – as its slogan says, 'Can a billion people be wrong?' No sweet-and-sour pork here, but a range of delicious dumplings filled with pork and coriander, beef and chilli, or lamb and leek, and unusual vegetarian dishes such as aubergine fried with garlic and Chinese spices. oFishers BistroSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-554 5666; www.fishersbistros.co.uk; 1 The Shore; mains £11-23; hnoon-10.30pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-10.30pm Sun; W v c; g16, 22, 35, 36) This cosy little restaurant, tucked beneath a 17th-century signal tower, is one of the city's best seafood places. The menu ranges widely in price, from cheaper dishes such as classic fishcakes with lemon and chive mayonnaise, to more expensive delights such as North Berwick lobster thermidor. oThe KitchinSCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-555 1755; www.thekitchin.com; 78 Commercial Quay; mains £33-38, 3-course lunch £28.50; h12.15-2.30pm & 6.30-10pm Tue-Thu, to 10.30pm Fri & Sat; v; g16, 22, 35, 36) Fresh, seasonal, locally sourced Scottish produce is the philosophy that has won a Michelin star for this elegant but unpretentious restaurant. The menu moves with the seasons, of course, so expect fresh salads in summer and game in winter, and shellfish dishes such as seared scallops with endive _tarte tatin_ when there's an 'r' in the month. 6Drinking & Nightlife Edinburgh has more than 700 bars, which are as varied as the population – everything from Victorian palaces to rough-and-ready drinking dens, and from bearded, real-ale _howffs_ to trendy cocktail bars. #### Old Town oBow BarPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 80 West Bow; g23, 27, 41, 42) One of the city's best traditional-style pubs (it's not as old as it looks), serving a range of excellent real ales and a vast selection of malt whiskies, the Bow Bar often has standing-room only on Friday and Saturday evenings. Jolly JudgePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jollyjudge.co.uk; 7a James Ct; W; g2, 23, 27, 41, 42, 45) A snug little howff tucked away down a close, the Judge exudes a cosy 17th-century atmosphere (low, timber-beamed painted ceilings) and has the added attraction of a cheering open fire in cold weather. No music or gaming machines, just the buzz of conversation. BrewDogBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brewdog.com; 143 Cowgate; W; g36) The Edinburgh outpost of Scotland's self-styled 'punk brewery', BrewDog stands out among the grimy, sticky-floored dives that line the Cowgate, with its cool, industrial-chic designer look. As well as its own highly rated beers, there's a choice of four guest real ales. Pear Tree HousePUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pear-tree-house.co.uk; 38 West Nicolson St; W; g2, 41, 42, 47) Set in an 18th-century house with cobbled courtyard, the Pear Tree is a student favourite with an open fire in winter, comfy sofas and board games inside, plus the city's biggest and most popular beer garden in summer. Bongo ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebongoclub.co.uk; 66 Cowgate; W; g2) Owned by a local arts charity, the weird and wonderful Bongo Club boasts a long history of hosting everything from wild club nights to local bands to performance art to kids' comedy shows, and is open as a cafe and exhibition space during the day. oCabaret VoltaireCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thecabaretvoltaire.com; 36-38 Blair St; gall South Bridge buses) An atmospheric warren of stone-lined vaults houses this self-consciously 'alternative' club, which eschews huge dance floors and egotistical DJ worship in favour of a 'creative crucible' hosting an eclectic mix of DJs, live acts, comedy, theatre, visual arts and the spoken word. Well worth a look. Liquid RoomROCK, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.liquidroom.com; 9c Victoria St; admission free-£10) Set in a subterranean vault deep beneath Victoria St, the Liquid Room is a superb club venue with a thundering sound system. There are regular club nights Wednesday to Saturday as well as live bands. Studio 24CLUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/studio24edinburgh; 24 Calton Rd; g35, 36) Studio 24 is the dark heart of Edinburgh's underground music scene, with a program that covers all bases, from house to nu metal via punk, ska, reggae, crossover, tribal, electro, techno and dance. ### TOP FIVE TRADITIONAL PUBS Edinburgh is blessed with a large number of traditional 19th- and early-20th-century pubs, which have preserved much of their original Victorian or Edwardian decoration and serve cask-conditioned real ales and a staggering range of malt whiskies. * Athletic Arms (Diggers; GOOGLE MAP ) ; 1-3 Angle Park Tce; g1, 34, 35) Nicknamed after the cemetery across the street – the gravediggers used to nip in and slake their thirst after a hard day's interring – the Diggers dates from the 1890s. It's still staunchly traditional – the decor has barely changed in 100 years – and has recently revived its reputation as a real-ale drinker's mecca by serving locally brewed Diggers' 80-shilling ale. Packed to the gills with football and rugby fans on match days. * Abbotsford ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theabbotsford.com; 3 Rose St) Dating from 1902, and named after Sir Walter Scott's country house, the Abbotsford is one of the few pubs in Rose St that has retained its Edwardian splendour. It has long been a hang-out for writers, actors, journalists and media people, and has many loyal regulars. The pub's centrepiece is a splendid, mahogany island bar with a good selection of Scottish and English real ales. * Bennet's Bar ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bennetsbar.co.uk; 8 Leven St; gall Tollcross buses) Situated beside the King's Theatre, Bennet's has managed to hang on to almost all of its beautiful Victorian fittings, from the leaded, stained-glass windows and ornate mirrors to the wooden gantry and the brass water taps on the bar (for your whisky – there are over 100 malts to choose from). * Cafe Royal Circle Bar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.caferoyaledinburgh.co.uk; 17 West Register St; gall Princes St buses) Perhaps the classic Edinburgh bar, the Cafe Royal's main claims to fame are its magnificent oval bar and the series of Doulton tile portraits of famous Victorian inventors. Check out the bottles on the gantry – staff line them up to look like there's a mirror there, and many a drink-befuddled customer has been seen squinting and wondering why he can't see his reflection. * Sheep Heid ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thesheepheidedinburgh.co.uk; 43-45 The Causeway; c; g42) Possibly the oldest inn in Edinburgh – with a licence dating back to 1360 – the Sheep Heid feels more like a country pub than an Edinburgh bar. Set in the semi-rural shadow of Arthur's Seat, it's famous for its 19th-century skittles alley and the lovely little beer garden. #### New Town Oxford BarPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oxfordbar.co.uk; 8 Young St; g19, 36, 37, 41, 47) The Oxford is that rarest of things: a real pub for real people, with no 'theme', no music, no frills and no pretensions. 'The Ox' has been immortalised by Ian Rankin, author of the Inspector Rebus novels, whose fictional detective is a regular here. BrambleCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.bramblebar.co.uk; 16a Queen St; g23, 27) One of those places that easily earns the sobriquet 'best-kept secret', Bramble is an unmarked cellar bar where a maze of stone and brick hideaways conceals what is arguably the city's best cocktail venue. No beer taps, no fuss, just expertly mixed drinks. Cumberland BarPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cumberlandbar.co.uk; 1-3 Cumberland St; W; g23, 27) Immortalised as the stereotypical New Town pub in Alexander McCall Smith's serialised novel _44 Scotland Street,_ the Cumberland has an authentic, traditional wood-brass-and-mirrors look (despite being relatively new) and serves well-looked-after, cask-conditioned ales and a wide range of malt whiskies. There's also a pleasant little beer garden outside. Amicus AppleCOCKTAIL BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.amicusapple.com; 15 Frederick St; W; gall Princes St buses) This laid-back cocktail lounge is the hippest hang-out in the New Town. The drinks menu ranges from retro classics such as bloody Marys and mojitos, to original and unusual concoctions such as the Cuillin martini (Tanqueray No 10 gin, Talisker malt whisky and smoked rosemary). #### Leith oRoseleafCAFE, BAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %476 5268; www.roseleaf.co.uk; 23-24 Sandport Pl; h10am-1am; W c; g16, 22, 35, 36) Cute and quaint and verging on chintzy, the Roseleaf could hardly be further from the average Leith bar. Decked out in flowered wallpaper, old furniture and rose-patterned china (cocktails are served in teapots), the real ales and bottled beers are complemented by a range of speciality teas, coffees and fruit drinks (including rose lemonade) and well-above-average pub grub (served 10am to 10pm). Port O'LeithPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.portoleithpub.com; 58 Constitution St; g16, 22, 35, 36) This is a good, old-fashioned, friendly local boozer, swathed with flags and cap bands left behind by visiting sailors – Leith docks are just down the road. Pop in for a pint and you'll probably stay until closing time. 3Entertainment The comprehensive source for what's-on info is _The_ _List_ (www.list.co.uk), an excellent listings magazine covering both Edinburgh and Glasgow. It's available from most newsagents, and is published fortnightly on a Thursday. Live Music oSandy Bell'sFOLK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.sandybellsedinburgh.co.uk; 25 Forrest Rd) This unassuming pub is a stalwart of the traditional music scene (the founder's wife sang with The Corries). There's music almost every evening at 9pm, and from 3pm Saturday and Sunday, plus lots of impromptu sessions. Henry's Cellar BarROCK, BLUES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.henryscellarbar.com; 16 Morrison St; admission free-£5) One of Edinburgh's most eclectic live-music venues, Henry's has something going on most nights of the week, from rock and indie to 'Balkan-inspired folk', funk to hip-hop to hardcore, staging both local bands and acts from around the world. Open till 3am at weekends. Whistle Binkie'sROCK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/WhistleBinkiesEdinburgh; 4-6 South Bridge; admission free; gall South Bridge buses) This crowded cellar bar, just off the Royal Mile, has live music every night till 3am, from rock and blues to folk and jazz. Open-mic night on Monday and breaking bands on Tuesday are showcases for new talent. Jazz BarJAZZ, BLUES ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thejazzbar.co.uk; 1a Chambers St; admisson £3-7; W) This atmospheric cellar bar, with its polished parquet floors, bare stone walls, candlelit tables and stylish steel-framed chairs, is owned and operated by jazz musicians. There's live music every night from 9pm to 3am, and on Saturday from 3pm; as well as jazz, expect bands playing blues, funk, soul and fusion too. Cinemas CameoCINEMA ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.picturehouses.co.uk; 38 Home St; gall Tollcross buses) The three-screen, independently owned Cameo is a good, old-fashioned cinema showing an imaginative mix of mainstream and art-house movies. There is a good program of late-night movies and Sunday matinees, and the seats in screen 1 are big enough to get lost in. FilmhouseCINEMA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.filmhousecinema.com; 88 Lothian Rd; W; gall Lothian Rd buses) The Filmhouse is the main venue for the annual Edinburgh International Film Festival and screens a full program of art-house, classic, foreign and second-run films, with lots of themes, retrospectives and 70mm screenings. It has wheelchair access to all three screens. Classical Music, Opera & Ballet Edinburgh Festival TheatreBALLET, OPERA ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edtheatres.com/festival; 13-29 Nicolson St; hbox office 10am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 8pm show nights, 4pm-showtime Sun; gall South Bridge buses) A beautifully restored art-deco theatre with a modern frontage, the Festival is the city's main venue for opera, dance and ballet, but also stages musicals, concerts, drama and children's shows. Usher HallCLASSICAL MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.usherhall.co.uk; Lothian Rd; hbox office 10.30am-5.30pm, to 8pm show nights) The architecturally impressive Usher Hall hosts concerts by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra (RSNO) and performances of popular music. Sport Edinburgh is home to two rival **football** (soccer) teams playing in the Scottish Premier League. **Heart of Midlothian** (aka Hearts) has its home ground at Tynecastle Stadium ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.heartsfc.co.uk; Gorgie Rd), while the **Hibernian** (aka Hibs) home ground is at Easter Road Stadium ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hibernianfc.co.uk; 12 Albion Pl). Each year, from January to March, Scotland's national **rugby** team takes part in the Six Nations Rugby Union Championship. Murrayfield Stadium ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.scottishrugby.org; 112 Roseburn St), about 1.5 miles west of the city centre, is the venue for international matches. Theatre, Musicals & Comedy Royal Lyceum TheatreTHEATRE, MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.lyceum.org.uk; 30b Grindlay St; hbox office 10am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 8pm show nights; c) A grand Victorian theatre located beside the Usher Hall, the Lyceum stages drama, concerts, musicals and ballet. Traverse TheatreTHEATRE, DANCE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.traverse.co.uk; 10 Cambridge St; hbox office 10am-6pm Mon-Sat, to 8pm show nights) The Traverse is the main focus for new Scottish writing and stages an adventurous program of contemporary drama and dance. The box office is only open on Sunday (from 4pm) when there's a show on. King's TheatreDRAMA, MUSICALS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.edtheatres.com/kings; 2 Leven St; hbox office open 1hr before show; gall Tollcross buses) King's is a traditional theatre with a program of musicals, drama, comedy and its famous Christmas pantomimes. The Stand Comedy ClubCOMEDY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thestand.co.uk; 5 York Pl; hfrom 7.30pm Mon-Sat, from 12.30pm Sun; gall York Pl buses) The Stand, founded in 1995, is Edinburgh's main independent comedy venue. It's an intimate cabaret bar with performances every night and a free Sunday lunchtime show. 7Shopping Princes St is Edinburgh's principal shopping street, lined with all the big high-street stores, with many smaller shops along pedestrianised Rose St and more expensive designer boutiques on George St. There are also two big shopping centres in the New Town – Princes Mall ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), at the eastern end of Princes St, and the nearby St James Centre ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) at the top of Leith St – plus Multrees Walk ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), a designer shopping complex with a flagship Harvey Nichols store on the eastern side of St Andrew Sq. The huge Ocean Terminal ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-555 8888; www.oceanterminal.com; Ocean Dr; h10am-8pm Mon-Fri, to 7pm Sat, 11am-6pm Sun; g11, 22, 34, 35, 36) in Leith is the biggest shopping centre in the city. For more off-beat shopping – including fashion, music, crafts, gifts and jewellery – head for the cobbled lanes of Cockburn, Victoria and St Mary's Sts, all near the Royal Mile in the Old Town; William St in the western part of New Town; and the Stockbridge district, immediately north of the New Town. 8Information Emergency Edinburgh Rape Crisis CentreCOUNSELLING, INFORMATION ( %08088 01 03 02; www.rapecrisisscotland.org.uk) Police Information CentrePOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-226 6966; 188 High St; h10am-1pm & 2-5.30pm, to 9.30pm during Fringe Festival) Report a crime, ask a question or make lost-property inquiries here. Police ScotlandPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %non-emergency 101; www.scotland.police.uk; 3-5 Torphichen Pl) Internet Access There are several internet-enabled telephone boxes (10p a minute, 50p minimum) scattered around the city centre, and countless wi-fi hot spots – search on www.jiwire.com. Internet cafes are spread around the city. Some convenient ones include: Coffee HomeINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.coffeehome.co.uk; 28 Crighton Pl, Leith Walk; per 20min 60p; h10am-9pm Mon-Fri, 10am-8pm Sat, noon-8pm Sun) e-cornerINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.e-corner.co.uk; 54 Blackfriars St; per 20min £1; h10am-7pm Mon-Sat, noon-7pm Sun; W) G-TecINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.grassmarket-technologies.com; 67 Grassmarket; per 20min £1; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Fri, to 4pm Sat) Medical Services For urgent medical advice you can call the NHS 24 Helpline ( %08454 24 24 24; www.nhs24.com). Chemists (pharmacists) can advise you on minor ailments. At least one local chemist remains open round the clock – its location will be displayed in the windows of other chemists. For urgent dental treatment you can visit the walk-in Chalmers Street Dental Clinic ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 3 Chalmers St; h9am-4.45pm Mon-Thu, to 4.15pm Fri; g23, 27, 35, 45, 47). In the case of a dental emergency in the evenings or at weekends, call Lothian Dental Advice Line ( %0131-536 4800; h5-10pm Mon-Fri, 9am-10pm Sat & Sun). Royal Infirmary of EdinburghMEDICAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-536 1000; www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk; 51 Little France Cres, Old Dalkeith Rd; h24 hrs) Edinburgh's main general hospital; has 24-hour accident and emergency department. Post Main Post OfficePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St James Shopping Centre, Leith St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Hidden away inside a shopping centre. Tourist Information Edinburgh Airport Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %0131-344 3120; main concourse, Edinburgh Airport; h7.30am-9pm) Edinburgh Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0131-473 3868; www.edinburgh.org; Princes Mall, 3 Princes St; h9am-9pm Mon-Sat, 10am-8pm Sun Jul & Aug, 9am-7pm Mon-Sat, 10am-7pm Sun May-Jun & Sep, 9am-5pm Mon-Wed, to 6pm Thu-Sun Oct-Apr) Includes an accommodation booking service, currency exchange, gift and bookshop, internet access and counters selling tickets for Edinburgh city tours and Scottish Citylink bus services. Useful Websites Edinburgh ArchitectureTOURIST INFORMATION (www.edinburgharchitecture.co.uk) Informative site dedicated to the city's modern architecture. Edinburgh Festival GuideTOURIST INFORMATION (www.edinburghfestivals.co.uk) Everything you need to know about Edinburgh's many festivals. Events EdinburghTOURIST INFORMATION (www.eventsedinburgh.org.uk) The city council's official events guide. The ListTOURIST INFORMATION (www.list.co.uk) Listings of restaurants, pubs, clubs and nightlife. VisitScotland Edinburgh & LothiansTOURIST INFORMATION (www.edinburgh.org) Official tourist-board site, with listings of accommodation, sights, activities and events. 8Getting There & Away Air Edinburgh Airport ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 448 8833; www.edinburghairport.com) Eight miles west of the city; has numerous flights to other parts of Scotland and the UK, Ireland and mainland Europe. FlyBe/Loganair ( %0871 700 2000; www.loganair.co.uk) Operates daily flights to Inverness, Wick, Orkney, Shetland and Stornoway. Bus Edinburgh bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; left luggage lockers per 24hr £3-10; h 4.30am-midnight Sun-Thu, 4.30am-12.30am Fri & Sat) At the northeast corner of St Andrew Sq, with pedestrian entrances from the square and from Elder St. For timetable information, call Traveline ( %0871 200 22 33; www.travelinescotland.com). Scottish Citylink ( %0871 266 3333; www.citylink.co.uk) buses connect Edinburgh with all of Scotland's cities and major towns. The following are sample one-way fares departing from Edinburgh: A **Aberdeen** £30 A **Dundee** £16 A **Fort William** £34 A **Glasgow** £7.30 A **Inverness** £30 A **Portree** £54 A **Stirling** £8 It's also worth checking with Megabus ( %0900 1600 900; www.megabus.com) for cheap intercity bus fares (from as little as £5) from Edinburgh to Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverness and Perth. There are various buses to Edinburgh from London and the rest of the UK. Train The main terminus in Edinburgh is **Waverley train station** , located in the heart of the city. Trains arriving from, and departing for, the west also stop at Haymarket station, which is more convenient for the West End. You can buy tickets, make reservations and get travel information at the Edinburgh Rail Travel Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; h4.45am-12.30am Mon-Sat, 7am-12.30am Sun) in Waverley station. For fare and timetable information, phone the National Rail Enquiry Service ( %08457 48 49 50; www.nationalrail.co.uk) or use the journey planner on the website. First ScotRail ( %08457 55 00 33; www.scotrail.co.uk) operates a regular shuttle service between Edinburgh and Glasgow (£13.20, 50 minutes, every 15 minutes), and frequent daily services to all Scottish cities, including Aberdeen (£34, 2½ hours), Dundee (£17.30, 1¼ hours) and Inverness (£72, 3½ hours). ### THE FORTH BRIDGES At Queensferry, west of Edinburgh, the narrowest part of the Firth of Forth is spanned by two spectacular bridges. Ferries have crossed to Fife here from the earliest times – the village takes its name from Queen Margaret (1046–93), who gave pilgrims free passage across the firth on their way to St Andrews. Ferries continued to operate until 1964 when the graceful **Forth Road Bridge** was opened. Construction has started on a second road bridge, the **Queensferry Crossing** , scheduled to open in 2016. Predating the road bridge by 74 years, the magnificent **Forth Bridge** – only outsiders ever call it the Forth Rail Bridge – is one of the finest engineering achievements of the 19th century. Completed in 1890 after seven years' work, its three huge cantilevers span 1447m and took 59,000 tonnes of steel, eight million rivets and the lives of 58 men to build. 8Getting Around To/From the Airport The Lothian Buses Airlink (www.flybybus.com) service 100 runs from Waverley Bridge, outside the train station, to the airport (one way/return £4/7, 30 minutes, every 10 minutes, 4am to midnight) via the West End and Haymarket. Edinburgh Trams (www.edinburghtrams.com) run from the airport to the city centre (one way/return £4.50/7.50, 33 minutes, every six to eight minutes, 6am to midnight). An airport taxi to the city centre costs around £20 and takes about 20 to 30 minutes. Trams, buses and taxis all depart from outside the arrivals hall; go out through the main doors and turn left. Car & Motorcycle Though useful for day trips beyond the city, a car in central Edinburgh is more of a liability than a convenience. There is restricted access on Princes St, George St and Charlotte Sq, many streets are one-way, and finding a parking place is like striking gold. Queen's Dr around Holyrood Park is closed to motorised traffic on Sunday. All the big international car-rental agencies have offices in Edinburgh, but there are many smaller local agencies that offer better rates. Arnold Clark ( %0141-237 4374; www.arnoldclarkrental.co.uk) near Portobello, charges from £30 a day, or £180 a week for a small car, including VAT and insurance. Public Transport Edinburgh's public transport system consists of an extensive bus network and a single tram line that runs from the airport via Haymarket and Princes St to York Pl at the east end of the city centre. The main operators are Edinburgh Trams, Lothian Buses (www.lothianbuses.com) and First ( %0131-663 9233; www.firstedinburgh.co.uk); for timetable information contact Traveline. Adult fares within the city are £1.50 on both bus and tram; purchase from the bus driver, or from machines at tram stops. Children aged under five travel free and those aged five to 15 pay a flat fare of 70p. On Lothian Buses you must pay the driver the exact fare, but First buses will give change. Lothian Bus drivers also sell a day ticket (£3.50) that gives unlimited travel (on Lothian buses and trams) for a day. Night-service buses, which run hourly between midnight and 5am, charge a flat fare of £3. Taxi Central TaxisTAXI ( %0131-229 2468; www.taxis-edinburgh.co.uk) City CabsTAXI ( %0131-228 1211; www.citycabs.co.uk) ComCabTAXI ( %0131-272 8000; www.comcab-edinburgh.co.uk) ### EDINBURGH'S TRAMS After six years of street closures, traffic chaos, ballooning costs and accusations of mismanagement, trams finally returned to Edinburgh's streets on 31 May 2014 after an absence of 58 years. Several hundred million pounds over budget, several years behind schedule, and half the length originally planned, the new tram line runs for 8.7 miles from Edinburgh Airport to York Place in the New Town, passing Murrayfield Stadium, Haymarket and Princes St. # Glasgow & Southern Scotland #### Glasgow & Southern Scotland Highlights #### Glasgow #### City Walk #### Around Glasgow #### Lanark & New Lanark #### Borders Region #### Kelso #### Melrose #### Around Melrose #### Jedburgh #### Peebles #### Cycling Tour #### Ayrshire #### Ayr #### Alloway #### Culzean Castle & Country Park #### Dumfries & Galloway #### Dumfries #### South Of Dumfries #### Kirkcudbright #### Galloway Forest Park #### The Machars #### Stranraer #### Portpatrick # Glasgow & Southern Scotland ### Why Go? For many, southern Scotland is what you drive through on the way further north. Big mistake. But it means there are plenty of peaceful corners here. The south's proximity to England brought strife, but the ruins of Borders castles and the abbeys they protected make wonderfully atmospheric historic sites. The hillier west enjoys extensive forest cover; hills cascade down to sandy coasts blessed with Scotland's sunniest weather. The region's premier urban attraction is marvellous Glasgow, Scotland's biggest city and a fascinatingly vital place. Glaswegians are proud of their working-class background, black humour and leftist traditions, and their city combines art, architecture, great food and nightlife, style, edgy urbanity and the people's legendary friendliness in a captivating blend that will leave you wanting more. ### When to Go? ***** Take a fortnight to cross the whole region hiking the gorgeous Southern Upland Way in May AThe West End Festival and the Jazz Festival make Glasgow music heaven in June, while spectacular gardens bloom at the region's numerous stately homes. AGlasgow is super-friendly at any time, but when the sun is shining in August there's no happier city in Britain. ### Best Places to Eat * The Ubiquitous Chip * Stravaigin * Coltman's ALoon Fung ### Best Places to Stay AOld Bank House * Malmaison * Corsewall Lighthouse Hotel * Knockinaam Lodge AHotel du Vin AEdenbank House ## Glasgow & Southern Scotland Highlights 1 Gazing at Glasgow's fabulous wealth of paintings in the Burrell Collection, the Kelvingrove and Hunterian Art Gallery. 2 Hiking or cycling between the noble ruins of the **Border Abbeys**. 3 Admiring 18th-century architectural genius at Culzean Castle, perched on wild sea cliffs. 4 Deciding which of Glasgow's excellent West End restaurants you are going to dine at next. 5 Discovering the work of Charles Rennie Mackintosh – 'genius' is an overused word, but few would argue here. 6 Marvelling at radical social reform instituted in the mill community of New Lanark. 7 Plunging into Glasgow's legendary music and nightclub scene. 8 Learning some Lallans words from the Scottish Bard's verses at the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum. 9 Whooshing down forest trails at the 7stanes mountain-biking hubs. 8Getting There & Around Train services are limited. There are stations at Berwick-upon-Tweed on the main Edinburgh–London line (on the English side of the border); at Dumfries on the main Glasgow–London line; and at Stranraer and Ayr, linked to Glasgow. Bus transport is the mainstay of the region. Check details with Traveline Scotland ( %0871 200 22 33; www.travelinescotland.com). ## Glasgow Population 595,100 Disarmingly blending sophistication and earthiness, Scotland's biggest city has evolved over the last couple of decades to become one of Britain's most intriguing metropolises. At first glance, the soberly handsome Victorian buildings, legacies of wealth generated from manufacturing and trade, suggest a staid sort of place. Very wrong. They are packed with stylish bars, top-notch restaurants, hedonistic clubs and one of Britain's best live music scenes. The place's sheer vitality is gloriously infectious: the combination of edgy urbanity and the residents' legendary friendliness is captivating. Glasgow also offers plenty by day. Its shopping - whether you're looking for Italian fashion or pre-loved denim – is famous and there are top-drawer museums and galleries. Charles Rennie Mackintosh's sublime designs dot the city, which – always proud of its working-class background – also innovatively displays its industrial heritage. The River Clyde, traditionally associated with Glasgow's earthier side, is now a symbol of the city's renaissance. ### GLASGOW IN... ### TWO DAYS On your first day, hit the East End for **Glasgow Cathedral** , **St Mungo's Museum** and a wander through the hillside necropolis. Later take in one of the city's top museums: either the **Burrell Collection** or the **Kelvin­grove**. As evening falls, head to trendy **Merchant City** for a stroll and dinner – perhaps **Café Gandolfi**. Check out Artá for a pre- or post-meal drink. The next day, visit whichever museum you missed yesterday, and then it's Mackintosh time. **Glasgow School of Art** is his finest work: if you like his style, head to the West End for Mackintosh House. Hungry? Thirsty? Some of the city's best restaurants and bars are up this end of town, so you could make a night of it. Be sure to check out one of the numerous excellent music venues around the city. ### FOUR DAYS A four-day stay gives better scope to get to grips with Glasgow. Spend a day along the Clyde visiting the **Riverside Museum** and the **Science Centre**. Plan your weekend around a night out at **Arches** or the legendary **Sub Club** , a day strolling the stylish city-centre clothing emporia or attending a football game. Don't miss trying at least one of the city's classic curry houses. History Glasgow grew around the cathedral founded by St Kertigan, later to become St Mungo, in the 6th century. Unfortunately, with the exception of the cathedral, virtually nothing of the medieval city remains. It was swept away by the energies of a new age – the age of capitalism, the Industrial Revolution and the British Empire. In the 18th century, much of the tobacco trade between Europe and the USA was routed through Glasgow, providing a great source of wealth. Even after the tobacco trade declined in the 19th century, the city continued to prosper as a centre of textile manufacturing, shipbuilding and the coal and steel industries. The outward appearance of prosperity, however, was tempered by the dire working conditions in the factories. In the first half of the 20th century Glasgow was the centre of Britain's munitions industry; postwar, however, the port and heavy industries dwindled, and by the early 1970s, the city had become synonymous with unemployment, economic depression and urban violence, centred around high-rise housing schemes such as the infamous Gorbals. More recently, urban development and a booming cultural sector have injected style and confidence into the city; though the standard of living remains low for Britain and life continues to be tough for many, on­going regeneration gives grounds for optimism. The successful hosting of the 2014 Commonwealth Games highlighted this regeneration to a wide global audience. Central Glasgow 1Top Sights 1City ChambersE4 2Glasgow CathedralH3 3Glasgow School of ArtB2 4Sharmanka Kinetic TheatreF5 5St Mungo's Museum of Religious Life & ArtH3 1Sights 6Gallery of Modern ArtE4 7Provand's LordshipH3 8The LighthouseD4 9Tobacco ExchangeE5 4Sleeping 10Blythswood SquareB3 11Citizen MD2 12Euro HostelD5 13GrasshoppersC4 14MalmaisonB3 15McLay's GuesthouseA1 16Pipers Tryst HotelD1 17Rab Ha'sE4 5Eating 18Brutti Ma BuoniF5 19Café GandolfiF5 20Chippy Doon the LaneD4 21DakhinF5 22Loon FungA2 23Red OnionC3 24Saramago Café BarB2 25Where the Monkey SleepsC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 26ABCB2 27ArchesC5 28ArtàF5 29AXME4 30Babbity BowsterG5 31Butterfly & The PigC2 32CathouseC5 33Classic GrandC5 34Corinthian ClubE4 35Delmonica'sE5 FHQF4 36MacSorley'sC5 37Nice 'n' SleazyA2 38Polo LoungeE5 39SpeakeasyF4 40Sub ClubC5 41The ArchesC5 UndergroundF4 42Waterloo BarC4 3Entertainment 43BarrowlandH6 44City HallsF5 45Glasgow Royal Concert HallD2 46King Tut's Wah Wah HutB3 47Theatre RoyalD2 48Tickets ScotlandC5 7Shopping 49BarrasH6 1Sights #### City Centre oGlasgow School of ArtHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-353 4526; www.gsa.ac.uk/tours; 167 Renfrew St; adult/child £9.75/4.75; h9.30am-6.30pm Mar-Oct, 10am-5pm Nov-Feb) Charles Rennie Mackintosh's greatest building – extensively damaged by fire in 2014, so access may be limited by renovation works – still fulfils its original function, so just follow the steady stream of eclectically dressed students up the hill to find it. It's one of Glasgow's architectural showpieces and has now been joined by Steven Holl's spectacular glacial, green School of Design (the Reid Building) right opposite. A risqué combination, but it works. Visits are by excellent hour-long guided tours (roughly hourly in summer; 11am, 1pm and 3pm in winter; multilingual translations available) run by architecture students. These leave from the new building; book online or by phone at busy times. oCity ChambersHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgow.gov.uk; George Sq; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri) The grand seat of local government was built in the 1880s at the high point of Glasgow's wealth. The interior is even more extravagant than the exterior, and the chambers have sometimes been used as a movie location to represent the Kremlin or the Vatican. You can have a look at the opulent ground floor during opening hours: to see more, free guided tours are held at 10.30am and 2.30pm Monday to Friday; it's worth popping in earlier that day to book them at busy times. Gallery of Modern ArtGALLERY (GoMA; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; Royal Exchange Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Wed & Sat, 10am-8pm Thu, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun) F Scotland's most popular contemporary art gallery features modern works from international artists, housed in a graceful neoclassical building. The original interior is used to make a daring, inventive art display. Social issues are a focal point of the museum but it's not all heavy going: there's a big effort made to keep the kids entertained. The LighthouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-276 5365; www.thelighthouse.co.uk; 11 Mitchell Lane; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) F Mackintosh's first building, designed in 1893, was a striking new headquarters for the _Glasgow Herald_. Tucked up a narrow lane off Buchanan St, it now serves as Scotland's Centre for Architecture & Design, with fairly technical temporary exhibitions (sometimes admission is payable for these), as well as the Mackintosh Interpretation Centre, a detailed (if slightly dry) overview of his life and work. On the top floor of the 'lighthouse', drink in great views over the rooftops and spires of the city centre. oSharmanka Kinetic TheatreEXHIBITION ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-552 7080; www.sharmanka.com; 103 Trongate; adult/child £5/free; h45-min shows 3pm Wed-Sun, 70-min shows 7pm Thu & Sun) This extraordinary mechanical theatre is located at the Trongate 103 arts centre. The amazing creativity of Eduard Bersudsky, a Russian sculptor and mechanic, now resident in Scotland, has created a series of large, wondrous figures sculpted from bits of scrap and elaborate carvings. Set to haunting music, these perform humorous and tragic stories of the human spirit. The gallery is open from 1pm to 3pm Wednesday to Sunday – the sculptures and their stories are fascinating even when not in motion. It's great for kids and very moving for adults: inspirational one moment and macabre the next, but always colourful, clever and thought-provoking. ### THE GENIUS OF CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH Great cities have great artists, designers and architects contributing to their urban environment while expressing its soul and individuality. Charles Rennie Mackintosh was all of these and his quirky, linear and geometric designs have had enormous influence on Glasgow. Many of the buildings Mackintosh designed are open to the public, and you'll see his tall, thin, art nouveau typeface repeatedly reproduced. Born in 1868, Mackintosh studied at the Glasgow School of Art. It was there that he met the also influential artist and designer Margaret Macdonald, whom he married; they collaborated on many projects and were major influences on each other's work. In 1896, aged only 27, he won a competition for his design of the School of Art's new building, Mackintosh's supreme architectural achievement. The first section was opened in 1899 and is considered to be the earliest example of art nouveau in Britain. This building demonstrates his skill in combining function and style. Although Mackintosh's genius was quickly recognised on the Continent, he did not receive the same encouragement in Scotland. His architectural career here lasted only until 1914, when he moved to England to concentrate on furniture design. He died in 1928, and it is only since the last decades of the 20th century that Mackintosh's genius has been widely recognised. For more about the man and his work, contact the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society ( %0141-946 6600; www.crmsociety.com; 870 Garscube Rd, Mackintosh Church). Check its website for special events. Another of Mackintosh's finest works is Hill House (NTS; %0844 493-2208; www.nts.org.uk; Upper Colquhoun St; adult/child £10.50/7.50; h1.30-5.30pm Apr-Oct), in Helensburgh. If you're planning to visit some of the farther-flung attractions, the **Mackintosh Trail ticket** (£10), available at the tourist office or any Mackintosh building, gives you a day's admission to Hill House, the Mackintosh Church and House for an Art Lover as well as unlimited bus and subway travel. #### East End The oldest part of the city, given a facelift in the 1990s, is concentrated around Glasgow Cathedral, to the east of the modern city centre. It takes 15 to 20 minutes to walk from George Sq, but numerous buses pass nearby. oGlasgow CathedralCHURCH (HS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; Cathedral Sq; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 1-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, closes 4.30pm Oct-Mar) F Glasgow Cathedral has a rare timelessness. The dark, imposing interior conjures up medieval might and can send a shiver down the spine. It's a shining example of Gothic architecture, and, unlike nearly all Scotland's cathedrals, survived the turmoil of the Reformation mobs almost intact. Most of the current building dates from the 15th century. oSt Mungo's Museum of Religious Life & ArtMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; 2 Castle St; h10am-5pm Tue-Thu & Sat, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun) F Set in a reconstruction of the bishop's palace that once stood in the cathedral forecourt, this museum audaciously attempts to capture the world's major religions in an artistic nutshell. A startling achievement, it presents the similarities and differences of how various religions approach common themes such as birth, marriage and death. The attraction is twofold: firstly, impressive art that blurs the lines between religion and culture; and secondly, the opportunity to delve into different faiths, as deep or shallow as you wish. Provand's LordshipHISTORIC SITE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; 3 Castle St; h10am-5pm Tue-Thu & Sat, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun) F Near the cathedral is Provand's Lordship, the oldest house in Glasgow. A rare example of 15th-century domestic Scottish architecture, it was built in 1471 as a manse. The ceilings and doorways are low, and the rooms are sparsely furnished with period artefacts, except for an upstairs room, which has been furnished to reflect the living space of an early-16th-century chaplain. The building's biggest draw is its authentic feel – if you ignore the tacky imitation-stone linoleum covering the ground floor. #### The Clyde Once a thriving shipbuilding area, the Clyde sank into dereliction during the post-war era, but is being rejuvenated. oRiverside MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; 100 Pointhouse Pl; h10am-5pm Mon-Thu & Sat, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun; c) F This visually impressive modern museum at Glasgow Harbour (west of the centre – get bus 100 from the north side of George Sq, or the Clyde Cruises boat service) owes its striking curved forms to British-Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid. A transport museum forms the main part of the collection, featuring a fascinating series of cars made in Scotland, plus assorted railway locos, trams, bikes (including the world's first pedal-powered bicycle from 1847) and model Clyde-built ships. An atmospheric recreation of a Glasgow shopping street from the early 20th century puts the vintage vehicles into a social context. The magnificent three-masted _Glenlee,_ launched in 1896, is the Tall Ship ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thetallship.com; Riverside Museum; h10am-5pm; c) that is berthed alongside the museum. On board are family-friendly displays about the ship's history, restoration and shipboard life during its heyday. Upkeep costs are high, so do donate something or have a coffee below decks. The Riverside is west of the centre at Glasgow Harbour; you can reach it on bus 100 from the north side of George Sq, or via the Clyde Cruises boat service. There's also a cafe. oGlasgow Science CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-420 5000; www.glasgowsciencecentre.org; 50 Pacific Quay; adult/child £10.50/8.50, IMAX, tower or planetarium extra £2.50; h10am-5pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar, 10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct; c) This ultramodern science museum will keep the kids entertained for hours (that's middle-aged kids, too!). It brings science and technology alive through hundreds of interactive exhibits on four floors: a bounty of discovery for inquisitive minds. There's also an **Imax** **theatre** (see www.cineworld.com for current screenings), a rotating 127m high **observation tower** , a planetarium, and a **Science Theatre** , with live science demonstrations. To get here, take bus 89 or 90 from Union St. #### West End With its expectant buzz, trendy bars and cafes and nonchalant swagger, the bohemian West End is great for people-watching. From the city centre, buses 9, 16 and 23 run towards Kelvingrove, buses 8, 11 and 16 to the university, and buses 20, 44 and 66 to Byres Rd (among others). oKelvingrove Art Gallery & MuseumGALLERY, MUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; Argyle St; h10am-5pm Mon-Thu & Sat, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun) F A magnificent stone building, this grand Victorian cathedral of culture is a fascinating and unusual museum, with a bewildering variety of exhibits. You'll find fine art alongside stuffed animals, and Micronesian shark-tooth swords alongside a Spitfire plane, but it's not mix 'n' match: rooms are carefully and thoughtfully themed, and the collection is a manageable size. There's an excellent room of Scottish art, a room of fine French Impressionist works, and quality Renaissance paintings from Italy and Flanders. Salvador Dalí's superb _Christ of St John of the Cross_ is also here. Best of all, nearly everything, including the paintings, has an easy-reading paragraph of interpretation. You can learn a lot about art here, and it's excellent for children, with plenty to do and displays aimed at a variety of ages. Free hour-long guided tours begin at 11am and 2.30pm. Bus 17, among many others, runs here from Renfield St. Hunterian MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk; University Ave; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) F Housed in the glorious sandstone university building, which is in itself reason enough to pay a visit, this quirky museum contains the collection of renowned one-time student of the university, William Hunter (1718–83). Hunter was primarily an anatomist and physician but, as one of those gloriously well-rounded Enlightenment figures, he interested himself in every­thing the world had to offer. Pickled organs in glass jars take their place alongside geological phenomena, potsherds gleaned from ancient brochs, dinosaur skeletons and a creepy case of deformed animals. The main halls of the exhibition, with their high vaulted roofs, are magnificent in themselves. A highlight is the 1674 Chinese _Map of the Whole World_ in the World Culture section. Hunterian Art GalleryGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk; 82 Hillhead St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) F Across the road from the Hunterian Museum, and part of the same bequest, the bold tones of the Scottish Colourists (Samuel Peploe, Francis Cadell, JD Fergusson and Leslie Hunter) are well represented in this gallery. There are William MacTaggart's Impressionistic Scottish landscapes and a gem by Thomas Millie Dow. There's also a special collection of James McNeill Whistler's limpid prints, drawings and paintings. Upstairs, in a section devoted to late-19th-century Scottish art, you can see works by several of the Glasgow Boys. oMackintosh HouseHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk; 82 Hillhead St; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) F Attached to the Hunterian Art Gallery, this is a reconstruction of the first home that Charles Rennie Mackintosh bought with his wife, noted designer-artist Margaret Macdonald. It's fair to say that interior decoration was one of their strong points; Mackintosh House is startling even today. The quiet elegance of the hall and dining room on the ground floor give way to a stunning drawing room. #### South Side oBurrell CollectionGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgowmuseums.com; Pollok Country Park; h10am-5pm Mon-Thu & Sat, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun) F One of Glasgow's top attractions was amassed by wealthy industrialist Sir William Burrell then donated to the city, and is housed in an outstanding museum, in a park 3 miles south of the city centre. Burrell collected all manner of art from his teens to his death at 97, and this idiosyncratic collection of treasure includes everything from Chinese porcelain and medieval furniture to paintings by Degas and Cézanne. It's not so big as to be overwhelming, and the stamp of the collector lends an intriguing coherence. Visitors will find their own favourite part of this museum, but the exquisite tapestry galleries are outstanding. Intricate stories capturing life in Europe are woven into staggering wall-size pieces dating from the 13th to 16th centuries. Within the spectacular interior, carved-stone Romanesque doorways are incorporated into the structure so you actually walk through them. Floor-to-ceiling windows admit a flood of light. In springtime, it's worth making a full day of your trip here and spending some time wandering in the beautiful park, studded with flowers. If you're not heading further north, here's the place to see shaggy Highland cattle, as well as heavy horses. Many buses pass the park gates (including buses 45, 47, 48 and 57), and there's a twice-hourly bus service between the gallery and the gates (a pleasant 10-minute walk). Alternatively catch a train to Pollokshaws West from Central station (four per hour; second station on the line for East Kilbride or Kilmarnock). 2Activities The **Clyde Walkway** extends from Glasgow upriver to the Falls of Clyde near New Lanark, some 40 miles away. The tourist office has a good leaflet pack detailing different sections of this walk. The 10-mile section through Glasgow has interesting parts, though modern buildings have replaced most of the old shipbuilding works. The well-trodden **West Highland Way** footpath begins in Milngavie, 8 miles north of Glasgow (you can walk to Milngavie from Glasgow along the River Kelvin), and runs for 95 spectacular miles to Fort William. There are several long-distance pedestrian/cycle routes that begin in Glasgow and follow off-road routes for most of the way. Check www.sustrans.org.uk for more details. ## 2City Walk Glasgow **Start** Buchanan St **Finish** Glasgow Cathedral **Length** 1¾ miles; 1½ hours This stroll takes you to Glasgow Cathedral through trendy Merchant City, once headquarters for Glasgow industrialists. Start at the junction of two major shopping thoroughfares, Sauchiehall and Buchanan Streets, overseen by a bronze 1 **statue of Donald Dewar** , Scotland's inaugural First Minister. Stroll down pedestrian Buchanan St, then left through one of the handsome gateways into Merchant City. Here, the strikingly colonnaded 2Gallery of Modern Art was once the Royal Exchange and now hosts some of the country's best contemporary art displays. Turn left up Queen St to 3 **George Square** , surrounded by imposing Victorian architecture, including the grandiose 4City Chambers. Statues include Robert Burns, James Watt, and, atop a Doric column, Sir Walter Scott. Walk down South Frederick St. Ahead of you, the former Court House cells now house the 5Corinthian Club; drop into the bar for a glimpse of the extravagant interior, then continue to 6 **Hutcheson's Hall**. This was built in 1805 as a hospital and school for the poor with a bequest from the brothers whose statues stand in the facade. Retrace your steps one block and continue south down Glassford St past 7 **Trades Hall** , designed by Robert Adam in 1791 to house the trades guild. Turn right into Wilson St and left along Virginia St, lined with the old warehouses of the Tobacco Lords; many of these have been converted into posh flats. The 8Tobacco Exchange is flanked by pretty Virginia Court. Sugar and tobacco were traded here in the 18th and 19th centuries. Back on Wilson St, the 9 **Old Sheriff Court** fills a whole block and has been both Glasgow's town hall and main lawcourt. Continue east on Wilson St past Ingram Sq to a **Merchant Square** , a covered courtyard that was once the city's fruit market, but now bustles with cafes and bars. Head up Albion St, then right into Blackfriars St. Emerging onto High St, turn left and follow it up to the bcathedral. Behind the cathedral wind your way up through the c **Necropolis** , which offers great city views. Lastly, check out dSt Mungo's Museum of Religious Life & Art and eProvand's Lordship. zFestivals & Events Glasgow Jazz FestivalMUSIC (www.jazzfest.co.uk) Excellent festival held in June. Glasgow International Festival of Visual ArtVISUAL ART ( %0141-276 8384; www.glasgowinternational.org) Held in late April in even years, this festival features a range of innovative installations, performances and exhibitions around town. West End FestivalPERFORMING ARTS ( %0141-341 0844; www.westendfestival.co.uk) This music and arts event is Glasgow's biggest festival, running for three weeks in June. 4Sleeping The city centre gets very rowdy at weekends, and accommodation options fill up fast, mostly with groups who will probably roll home boisterously some time after 3am. If you prefer an earlier appointment with your bed, you'll be better off in a smaller, quieter lodging, or in the West End. Booking ahead is essential at weekends and in July and August. #### City Centre Euro HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-222 2828; www.euro-hostels.co.uk; 318 Clyde St; dm £14-22, s £22-60, d £44-80; i W) With hundreds of beds, this mammoth hostel is handily central. While it feels a bit institutional and businesslike, and is often booked out by rowdy groups, it has lots of facilities, including en suite dorms with lockers, internet access, a compact kitchen, breakfast, an on-site public bar, a games room and a laundry. Dorms range in size from four to 14 beds, and price varies on a daily basis. Renovations are ongoing. McLay's GuesthouseGUESTHOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-332 4796; www.mclays.com; 264 Renfrew St; s/d £42/56, without bathroom £35/48; W) The string of cheapish guesthouses along the western end of Renfrew St are a mixed bag offering no luxury, but they are in a tempting location right by the Sauchiehall nightlife and College of Art. This is among the best of them: a solid choice with decent warm rooms and fair prices. There's a big variety of rooms and rates. Wi-fi doesn't reach the rooms. oCitizen MHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-404 9485; www.citizenm.com; 60 Renfrew St; r £75-105; i W) This modern chain does away with some normal hotel accoutrements in favour of self-check-in terminals and minimalist, plasticky modern rooms with just two features: a big, comfortable king-sized bed and a decent shower with mood lighting. The idea is that guests make liberal use of the public areas, and why wouldn't you, with upbeat and super-comfortable designer furniture, 24-hour cafe, and a table full of iMacs. oGrasshoppersHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-222 2666; www.grasshoppersglasgow.com; 87 Union St; r £85-115; W) Discreetly hidden atop a timeworn railway administration building right alongside Glasgow Central, this small, well-priced hotel is a modern, upbeat surprise. Rooms are compact – a few larger ones are available – but well-appointed, with unusual views over the station roof's glass sea. Numerous nice touches (friendly staff, interesting art, proper in-room coffee, free cupcakes, and weeknight suppers available) make this one of the centre's homeliest choices. There's a very good deal available (£6 per day) at a car park a block away. Rab Ha'sINN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-572 0400; www.rabhas.com; 83 Hutcheson St; r £69-89; W) This Merchant City favourite is an atmospheric pub-restaurant with four stylish rooms upstairs. They are all quite distinct and colourful. Room 1 is the best and largest, but all are comfortable, and the location is great. The personal touches, like fresh flowers, iPod docks, a big welcome and any-time breakfast, make you feel special. Pipers Tryst HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-353 5551; www.thepipingcentre.co.uk; 30-34 McPhater St; s/d £65/80; W) The name is no tartan tourist trap: this intimate, cosy hotel in a noble building is actually run by the adjacent bagpiping centre, and profits go towards maintaining it. Cheery staff, great value and a prime city-centre location make this a wise choice. You won't have far to migrate after a night of Celtic music and fine single malts in the snug bar-restaurant downstairs. MalmaisonHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-572 1000; www.malmaison.com; 278 West George St; r/ste £160/210; W) A longtime favourite for its decadent decor and plush lines, this former church is sexy, slinky and a cornerstone of accommodation faith. Stylish rooms with mood lighting have a dark, brooding tone and opulent furnishings. It's a hedonistic sort of place so can be cheerfully boisterous at weekends. It's best to book online, as it's cheaper, and various suite offers can be mighty tempting. Blythswood SquareHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-248 8888; www.blythswoodsquare.com; 11 Blythswood Sq; r £145-249; i W s #) In a gorgeous Georgian terrace, this elegant five-star offers plenty of inner-city luxury, with grey and cerise tweeds providing casual soft-toned style throughout. Grades of rooms go from standard to penthouse with corresponding increases in comfort; it's hard to resist the traditional 'classic' ones with windows onto the delightful square, but at weekends you'll have a quieter sleep in the new wing at the back. #### West End Glasgow SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-332 3004; www.syha.org.uk; 8 Park Tce; dm/tw £22/64; i W) Perched on a hill overlooking Kelvingrove Park in a charming town house, this place is one of Scotland's best official hostels. Dorms are mostly four to six beds with padlock lockers and all have their own en suite. The common rooms are spacious, plush and good for lounging about. There's no curfew, a good kitchen, and meals are available. The prices listed reflect maximums and are usually cheaper. Heritage HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-339 6955; www.theheritagehotel.net; 4 Alfred Tce, Great Western Rd; s/d £40/60; p W #) A stone's throw from all the action of the West End, this friendly hotel has an open, airy feel despite the rather dilapidated raised terrace it's located on. Generally, the rooms on the 1st and 2nd floors are a bit more spacious (No 21 is best of the doubles) and have a better outlook. The location, parking option and very fair prices mark it out. oAlamo Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-339 2395; www.alamoguesthouse.com; 46 Gray St; basic/superior d £89/149, s/d without bathroom £49/59; i W) The Alamo may not sound like a peaceful spot, but that's exactly what this great place is. Opposite Kelvingrove Park, it feels miles from the city's hustle, but several of the best museums and restaurants in town are very close by. The decor is an enchanting mixture of antique furnishings and modern design, with excellent bathrooms, and the owners will make you very welcome. Amadeus Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-339 8257; www.amadeusguesthouse.co.uk; 411 North Woodside Rd; s £40-60, d £72-88; W) Just off the bustle of Great Western Rd, a minute's walk from the subway but on a quiet street by the riverside pathway, this B&B has compact bright rooms with cheerful cushions on the comfortable beds. There's a variety of room types, but prices are very good for all of them and come down substantially midweek. Breakfast is continental. Embassy ApartmentsAPARTMENTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-946 6698; www.glasgowhotelsandapartments.co.uk; 8 Kelvin Dr; 1-/2-/4-person apt £60/80/99; p W) This elegant self-catering place offers both facilities and location. Situated on a quiet, exclusive street right on the edge of the Botanical Gardens, the studio-style apartments sleep one to seven, have fully-equipped kitchens and are sparkling clean. They're a particularly good option for couples and families with older kids. Prices are per night, but drop for longer rentals and vary extensively by demand. Hotel Du VinHOTEL (One Devonshire Gardens; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-339 2001; www.hotelduvin.com; 1 Devonshire Gardens; r/ste from £180/440; p i W #) This is traditionally Glasgow's favoured hotel of the rich and famous, and the patriarch of sophistication and comfort. A study in elegance, it's sumptuously decorated and occupies three classical sandstone terrace houses. There's a bewildering array of room types, all different in style and size. The hospitality is old-school courteous, and there's an excellent restaurant on site with a wine selection exceeding 600 varieties. Breakfast is extra. 5Eating Glasgow is the best place to eat in Scotland, with an excellent range of eateries. The West End is the culinary centre of the city, with Merchant City also boasting an incredible concentration of quality restaurants and cafes. Pubs and bars mentioned in the Drinking section are often good lunchtime options. #### City Centre oSaramago Café BarCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/saramagocafebar; 350 Sauchiehall St; light meals £3-9; hfood 10am-10pm Mon-Wed, 10am-11.30pm Thu-Sat, noon-11.30pm Sun; W v) In the airy atmosphere of the Centre for Contemporary Arts, this place does a great line in eclectic vegan fusion food, with a range of top flavour combinations from around the globe. The upstairs bar has a great deck on steep Scott St and packs out inside with a friendly hipstery crowd enjoying the eclectic DJ sets and quality tap beers. Brutti Ma BuoniMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-552 0001; www.brunswickhotel.co.uk; 106 Brunswick St; mains £8-12; h11am-10pm Sun-Thu, to 11pm Fri & Sat; W c) If you like dining in a place that has a sense of fun, Brutti delivers – it's the antithesis of some of the pretentious places around the Merchant City. With dishes such as 'ugly but good' pizza and 'angry or peaceful' prawns, Brutti's menu draws a smile for its quirkiness and its prices. Italian and Spanish influences give rise to tapas-like servings or full-blown meals, which are imaginative, fresh and frankly delicious. Where the Monkey SleepsCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.monkeysleeps.com; 182 West Regent St; dishes £3-7; h7am-4pm Mon-Fri; W) This funky little number in the middle of the business district is a perfect escape from the ubiquitous coffee chains. Laid-back and a little hippy, the bagels and panini – with names like Witchfynder or Meathammer – are highlights, as are some very inventive dishes, such as the 'nuclear' beans, dripping with cayenne and Tabasco. Chippy Doon the LaneFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thechippyglasgow.com; McCormick Lane, 84 Buchanan St; meals £6-10; hnoon-9.30pm; W) S Don't be put off by its location in a down-at-heel alleyway off the shopping precinct: this is a cut above your average chip shop. Sustainable seafood is served in a chic space, all old-time brick, metal archways and jazz. Otherwise, chow down on your takeaway at the wooden tables in the lane or out on Buchanan St itself. oLoon FungCHINESE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-332 1240; www.loonfungglasgow.co.uk; 417 Sauchiehall St; mains £9-15; hnoon-4am; W v) Accessed down the side of a travel agent, this elegant Cantonese oasis is one of Scotland's most authentic Chinese restaurants; indeed, it's quite a surprise after a spot of late-night dining to emerge to boisterous Sauchiehall rather than Hong Kong. The dim-sum choices are very toothsome, and the seafood – try the sea bass – really excellent. The ultra-late opening hours make it a very flexible option. Café GandolfiCAFE, BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-552 6813; 64 Albion St; mains £9-15; h8am-11.30pm Mon-Sat, 9am-11.30pm Sun; W) In Merchant City, this cafe was once part of the old cheese market. It's been pulling in the punters for years and attracts an interesting mix of die-hard Gandolfers, the upwardly mobile and tourists. It covers all the bases with excellent breakfasts and coffee, an enticing upstairs bar, and top-notch bistro food, covering Scottish and Continental bases in an atmospheric medieval-like setting. There's an expansion, specialising in fish, next door, with a takeaway outlet. Red OnionBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-221 6000; www.red-onion.co.uk; 257 West Campbell St; mains £11-20; hnoon-10pm; W c) This comfortable split-level bistro buzzes with contented chatter. French, Mediterranean and Asian touches add intrigue to the predominantly British menu, and a good-value fixed-price deal is available at lunch and dinnertime daily, though only for early diners at weekends. DakhinINDIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-553 2585; www.dakhin.com; 89 Candleriggs; mains £10-19; hnoon-2pm & 5-11pm Mon-Fri, 1-11pm Sat & Sun; W v) This South Indian restaurant breathes some fresh air into the city's curry scene. Dishes are from all over the south, and include dosas (thin rice-based crêpes) and a yummy variety of fragrant coconut-based curries. If you're really hungry, try a thali _:_ an assortment of Indian 'tapas'. #### West End There are numerous excellent restaurants in the West End. They cluster along Byres Rd and just off it, on Ashton Lane and Ruthven Lane. Gibson St and Great Western Rd also have plenty to offer, while the Argyle Rd strip in Finnieston has lots of interesting new options. Bay Tree CaféCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebaytreewestend.co.uk; 403 Great Western Rd; mains £7-11; h9am-10.30pm Mon-Sat, 9am-9.30pm Sun; W v) There are many good cafes in the two or three blocks around here, but the Bay Tree is still a solid choice. With lots of vegan and vegetarian options, it has smiling staff, filling mains (mostly Middle Eastern and Greek), generous salads and a good range of hot drinks. The cafe is famous for its all-day breakfasts. oStravaiginSCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-334 2665; www.stravaigin.co.uk; 28 Gibson St; mains £10-18; h9am-11pm; W) Stravaigin is a serious foodie's delight, with a menu constantly pushing the boundaries of originality and offering creative culinary excellence. The cool contemporary dining space in the basement has booth seating, and helpful, laid-back waiting staff to assist in deciphering the audacious menu. Entry-level has a buzzing two-level bar; you can also eat here. There are always plenty of menu deals and special culinary nights. oMother IndiaINDIAN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-221 1663; www.motherindia.co.uk; 28 Westminster Tce, Sauchiehall St; mains £9-15; h5.30-10.30pm Mon-Thu, noon-11pm Fri, 1-11pm Sat, 1-10pm Sun; W v c) Glasgow curry buffs forever debate the merits of the city's numerous excellent South Asian restaurants; this features in every discussion. It may lack the trendiness of some of the up-and-comers but it's been a stalwart for years, and the quality and innovation on show are superb. The three separate dining areas are all attractive and they make an effort for kids, with a separate menu. Left BankBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-339 5969; www.theleftbank.co.uk; 33 Gibson St; mains £8-15; h9am-10pm Mon-Fri, 10am-10pm Sat & Sun; W v c) S Huge windows fronting the street greet patrons of this outstanding eatery specialising in gastronomic delights and lazy afternoons. There are lots of little spaces filled with couches and chunky tables, reflecting a sense of intimacy. The large starter-menu can be treated like tapas, making it good for sharing. Lots of delightful creations use seasonal and local produce, with an eclectic variety of influences. Breakfasts and brunches are another highlight. FinniestonSEAFOOD, PUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thefinniestonbar.com; 1125 Argyle St; mains £13-19; hnoon-10pm Mon-Sat, noon-9pm Sun; W) S A flagship of this increasingly vibrant strip, this gastropub recalls the area's sailing heritage with a cosily romantic below-decks atmosphere and artfully placed nautical motifs. It's been well thought through, with excellent mixed drinks and cocktails accompanying a short menu of really high-quality upmarket pub fare focusing on sustainable Scottish seafood. oUbiquitous ChipSCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-334 5007; www.ubiquitouschip.co.uk; 12 Ashton Lane; 2-/3-course lunch £16/20, mains £23-27, brasserie mains £9-14; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-11pm; W) S The original champion of Scottish produce, this is legendary for its unparalleled Scottish cuisine and lengthy wine list. Named to poke fun at Scotland's culinary reputation, it offers a French touch but resolutely Scottish ingredients, carefully selected and following sustainable principles. The elegant courtyard space offers some of Glasgow's highest-quality dining, while above, the cheaper brasserie menu offers exceptional value for money. 6Drinking & Nightlife Some of Britain's best nightlife is found in the din and sometimes roar of Glasgow's pubs and bars. There are as many different styles of bar as there are punters to guzzle in them. Some pubs and, especially, clubs have begun enforce a 21-year-old minimum age. Glasgow has one of Britain's biggest and best clubbing scenes, attracting devotees from afar. Glaswegians usually hit clubs after the pubs have closed, so many clubs offer discounted admission and cheaper drinks if you go early. Entry costs £5 to £10 (up to £25 for big events), although bars often hand out free passes. By law, clubs shut at 3am, so keep your ear to the ground to find out where the after parties are at. Bars & Pubs City Centre oArtàBAR, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.arta.co.uk; 62 Albion St; h5pm-3am Thu-Sat; W) This extraordinary place is so baroque that when you hear a Mozart concerto over the sound system, it wouldn't surprise you to see the man himself at the other end of the bar. Set in a former cheese market, it really does have to be seen to be believed. Despite the luxury, it's got a relaxed, chilled vibe. The big cocktails are great. Babbity BowsterPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.babbitybowster.com; 16-18 Blackfriars St; h11am-midnight Mon-Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) In a quiet corner of Merchant City, this handsome spot is perfect for a tranquil daytime drink, particularly in the adjoining beer garden. Service is attentive, and the smell of sausages may tempt you to lunch; it also offers accommodation. This is one of the city centre's most charming pubs, in one of its noblest buildings. Corinthian ClubBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thecorinthianclub.co.uk; 191 Ingram St; h11am-6am Mon-Sat, noon-6am Sun; W) A breathtaking domed ceiling and majestic chandeliers make this casino a special space. Originally a bank and later Glasgow's High Court, this regal building's main bar, Teller's, has to be seen to be believed. Cosy wraparound seating and space to spare are complemented by a snug wine bar and a plush club downstairs in old court cells. MacSorley'sBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.macsorleys.com; 42 Jamaica St; h11am-midnight Mon-Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) There's nothing better than a good horseshoe-shaped bar in Glasgow, and here the elegantly moulded windows and ceiling add a touch of class to this happy place, which offers live music every night and some excellent, inventive pub food. There's live music and good DJs at weekends – check the schedule on the website. Butterfly & The PigPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebutterflyandthepig.com; 153 Bath St; h11am-1am Mon-Thu, 11am-3am Fri & Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) A breath of fresh air, the piggery is a little offbeat and makes you feel comfortable as soon as you plunge into its basement depths. The decor is eclectic with a retro feel and this adds to its familiarity. There's regular live jazz or similar, a sizeable menu – if you can decipher it – of pub grub, and a rather wonderful tearoom upstairs, great for breakfast before the pub opens. ArchesCAFE, BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thearches.co.uk; 253 Argyle St; h11am-midnight Mon-Sat; W) A one-stop culture-entertainment fix, Arches is a cafe, bar, nightclub and theatre showing contemporary, avant-garde productions. The hotel-like entrance belies the deep interior, which make you feel as though you've discovered Hades' bohemian underworld. The crowd is mixed – hiking boots are as welcome as Versace. It also does a more-than-acceptable line in pub food. Nice 'n' SleazyBAR, CLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nicensleazy.com; 421 Sauchiehall St; hnoon-3am; W) On the rowdy Sauchiehall strip, students from the nearby School of Art make the buzz here reliably friendly. If you're over 35 you'll feel like a professor not a punter, but retro decor, a big selection of tap and bottled beers, 3am closing, and nightly alternative live music downstairs followed by a club at weekends make this a winner. There's also popular, cheap Tex-Mex food (dishes £6 to £9). West End BrewdogPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brewdog.com; 1397 Argyle St; hnoon-midnight; W) Perfect for a pint after visiting the Kelvingrove Museum, this is a great small spot offering the delicious range of artisanal beers from the brewery of the same name. Punk IPA is refreshingly hoppy and fruity, more so than the formidable WattDickie, which comes in at a whisky-like 35%. Tasting flights mean you can try several, while burgers and dogs are on hand to soak it up. Hillhead BookclubBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hillheadbookclub.com; 17 Vinicombe St; h11am-midnight Mon-Fri, 10am-midnight Sat & Sun; W) Atmosphere in spades is the call sign of this easygoing West End bar. An ornate wooden ceiling overlooks two levels of well-mixed cocktails, seriously cheap drinks, comfort food and numerous intriguing decorative touches. There's even a ping-pong table in a cage. Òran MórBAR, CLUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oran-mor.co.uk; 731 Great Western Rd; h9am-3am Mon-Sat, 12.30pm-3am Sun; W) Now some may be a little uncomfortable with the thought of drinking in a church. But we say: the Lord giveth. This sizeable converted church is now a bar, restaurant, club and theatre venue. Look out for the 'A Play, a Pie and a Pint' deals. There's an excellent array of whiskies. The only thing missing is holy water on your way in. BrelBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brelbar.com; 39 Ashton Lane; h11am-midnight Mon-Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) Perhaps the best bar on Ashton Lane, this can seem tightly packed, but there's a conservatory for eating out the back, so you can pretend you're sitting outside when it's raining, and when the sun does peek through, there's a beer garden. It has a huge range of Belgian beers, and also does mussels and langoustines, among other tasty fare. Nightclubs Sub ClubCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.subclub.co.uk; 22 Jamaica St; h11pm-3am Tue-Sun) Saturdays at the Sub Club are one of Glasgow's legendary nights, offering serious clubbing with a sound system that aficionados usually rate as the city's best. The claustrophobic, last-one-in vibe is not for those faint of heart. The ArchesCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thearches.co.uk; 30 Midland St; hto 3am Thu-Sun, opening time varies) The Godfather of Glaswegian clubs, this has a design based around hundreds of arches slammed together, and has a range of different club nights. A must for funk and hip-hop freaks, it is one of the city's biggest clubs pulling top DJs, and you'll also hear some of the UK's up-and-coming turntable spinners. The dingy road under the railway adds atmosphere. Classic GrandCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.classicgrand.com; 18 Jamaica St; h11pm-3am Thu-Sat) Rock, industrial, electronic, and powerpop grace the stage and the turntables at this unpretentious central venue. It doesn't take itself too seriously, drinks are cheap and the locals are welcoming. CathouseCLUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cathouse.co.uk; 15 Union St; h10.30pm-3am Thu-Sun) It's mostly rock, alternative and metal with a touch of goth and post-punk at this long-standing indie venue. There are two dance floors: upstairs is pretty intense with lots of metal and hard rock, downstairs is a little more tranquil. ABCCLUB (O2 ABC; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.o2abcglasgow.co.uk; 300 Sauchiehall St) Both nightclub and venue, this star of Sauchiehall has two large concert spaces and several attractive bars. It's a good all-rounder, with a variety of DJs playing every Thursday to Saturday. Punters scrub up fairly well here. #### LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ### CINDY-LOU RAMSAY: TV CAMERA OPERATOR & PHOTOGRAPHER **Top photography spot?** Pollok Park. The park itself is gorgeous and full of lots of good walks for walkers and cyclists to explore. It also takes you to the famous Burrell Collection, which may not look like much from the outside, but it's a really calming, beautiful building on the inside and jam-packed with exhibits from all over the world. **Favourite spots for live music?** Barrowland and King Tut's Wah Wah Hut. Barrowland is an old, tired-looking ballroom badly in need of a bit of a wee facelift, but you're guaranteed to get an unforgettable atmosphere; this is the reason that the biggest bands in the world continue to grace its stage. King Tut's is a much smaller venue for getting 'up close and personal' with some great bands. **Pub for a pint and read of the paper?** Blackfriars in the Merchant City. **Typical local words?** Blethering (chatting)! Glaswegians tend to do a lot of it, especially if you decide to ask them about their city! 3Entertainment Glasgow is Scotland's entertainment city, from classical music, fine theatres and ballet to cheesy chart tunes and contemporary Scottish bands at the cutting edge of modern music. For concerts, a useful booking centre is Tickets Scotland ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-204 5151; www.tickets-scotland.com; 237 Argyle St; h9am-6pm Mon-Wed, Fri & Sat, 9am-7pm Thu, noon-5pm Sun). Live Music Glasgow is the king of Scotland's live-music scene. There are so many venues it's impossible to keep track of them all. Pick up a copy or check the website of the _Gig Guide_ (www.gigguide.co.uk), available free in most pubs and venues, for the latest listings. One of the city's premier live-music pub venues, the excellent King Tut's Wah Wah Hut ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-221 5279; www.kingtuts.co.uk; 272a St Vincent St; hnoon-midnight) hosts bands every night of the week. Several of the bars mentioned in the Drinking & Nightlife section are great for live music, including Classic Grand, MacSorley's and Nice 'n' Sleazy. The ABC is also a popular venue. BarrowlandLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgow-barrowland.com; 244 Gallowgate) A down-at-heel but exceptional old dancehall catering for some of the larger acts that visit the city. Clyde AuditoriumAUDITORIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 395 4000; www.secc.co.uk; Finnieston Quay) Also known as the Armadillo because of its bizarre shape, the Clyde adjoins the SECC auditorium, and caters for big national and international acts. HydroAUDITORIUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-248 3000; www.thessehydro.com; Finnieston Quay) Another spectacular modern building to keep the adjacent 'Armadillo' company, the Hydro amphitheatre is a phenomenally popular venue for big-name concerts and shows, and also hosted gymnastics and netball in the Commonwealth Games. Theatres & Concert Halls Theatre RoyalOPERA HOUSE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 871 7627; www.atgtickets.com; 282 Hope St) Proudly sporting an eyecatching modern facelift, Glasgow's oldest theatre is the home of Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet. City HallsCONCERT HALL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-353 8000; www.glasgowconcerthalls.com; Candleriggs) In the heart of Merchant City, there are regular performances here by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra and the Scottish Symphony Orchestra. The adjacent Old Fruitmarket venue also has concerts. Glasgow Royal Concert HallCONCERT VENUE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-353 8000; www.glasgowconcerthalls.com; 2 Sauchiehall St) A feast of classical music is showcased at this concert hall, the modern home of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Citizens' TheatreTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-429 0022; www.citz.co.uk; 119 Gorbals St) This is one of the top theatres in Scotland and it's well worth trying to catch a performance here. Football Two football clubs – Rangers ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 702 1972; www.rangers.co.uk; Ibrox Stadium, 150 Edmiston Dr) and Celtic ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0871 226 1888; www.celticfc.net; Celtic Park, Parkhead) – dominate the sporting scene in Scotland, having vastly more resources than other clubs and a long history (and rivalry). This runs along partisan lines, with Rangers representing Protestant supporters, and Celtic, Catholic. It's worth going to a game; both play in magnificent arenas with great atmosphere. Rangers have had to work their way back up the divisions after a financial meltdown. ### GAY & LESBIAN GLASGOW Glasgow has a vibrant scene, with the gay quarter found in and around the Merchant City (particularly Virginia, Wilson and Glassford Sts). The city's gay community has a reputation for being very friendly. To tap into the scene, check out _The List_ (www.list.co.uk) _,_ the free _Scots Gay_ (www.scotsgay.co.uk) magazine and website. If you're in Glasgow in autumn, check out Glasgay ( %0141-552 7575; www.glasgay.co.uk), a gay performing arts festival, held around October/November each year. Many straight clubs and bars have gay and lesbian nights. The following are just a selection of gay and lesbian pubs and clubs in the city: * AXM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.axmgroup.co.uk; 80 Glassford St; h11pm-3am Wed & Thu, 10pm-3am Fri-Sun) This popular Manchester club's Glasgow branch is a cheery spot, not too scene-y, with all welcome. * Delmonica's ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-552 4803; www.delmonicas.co.uk; 68 Virginia St; hnoon-midnight) In the heart of the Pink Triangle, this is a popular bar, packed on weekday evenings but a pleasant spot for a quiet drink during the day. Drop in here before heading to the adjacent Polo Lounge, as they often give out free passes. * FHQ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.fhqbar.co.uk; 10 John St; h10pm-3am Fri & Sat) Fashionable women-only location in the heart of the Pink Triangle. * Polo Lounge ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pologlasgow.co.uk; 84 Wilson St; h11pm-3am Sun-Thu, 10pm-3am Fri, 9pm-3am Sat) This doesn't have the friendliest of staff, but it still attracts talent. The downstairs Polo Club and Club X areas pack out on weekends; just the main bars open on other nights. * Underground ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.underground-glasgow.com; 6a John St; hnoon-midnight Mon-Sat, 1pm-midnight Sun) Downstairs on cosmopolitan John St, this bar sports a relaxed crowd and, crucially, a free jukebox. You'll be listening to indie rather than Abba here. * Speakeasy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.speakeasyglasgow.co.uk; 10 John St; h5pm-1am Thu, 5pm-3am Fri & Sat) Relaxed and friendly bar that starts out pub-like and gets louder with gay anthem DJs as the night progresses. Serves food too. * Waterloo Bar ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 306 Argyle St; hnoon-midnight) This traditional pub is Scotland's oldest gay bar. It attracts punters of all ages. It's very friendly and, with a large group of regulars, a good place to meet people away from the scene. 7Shopping Boasting the UK's largest retail phalanx outside London, Glasgow is a shopaholic's paradise. The 'Style Mile' around Buchanan St, Argyle St and Merchant City (particularly upmarket Ingram Street) is a fashion hub, while the West End has quirkier, more bohemian shopping options: Byres Rd is great for vintage clothing. BarrasMARKET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasgow-barrowland.com; btwn Gallowgate & London Rd; h10am-5pm Sat & Sun) At Glasgow's legendary weekend flea market, the Barras on Gallowgate, cheap tat rules the roost these days, but it's still an intriguing stroll, as much for the assortment of local characters as what's on offer. People come here just for a wander, and it has the feel of a nearly vanished Britain of whelk stalls and rag-and-bone merchants. Watch your wallet. 8Information The List (www.list.co.uk), available from newsagents, is an invaluable four-weekly guide to films, theatre, cabaret, music, clubs – the works – in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The excellent _Eating & Drinking Guide_ (£5.95), published by the _List_ every second April, covers both Glasgow and Edinburgh. Internet Access Gallery of Modern ArtINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-229 1996; Royal Exchange Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Wed & Sat, 10am-8pm Thu, 11am-5pm Fri & Sun; W) Basement library; free internet access. Bookings recommended. iCafeINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.icafe.uk.com; 250 Woodlands Rd; per hr £2.50; h8.30am-10.30pm; W) Sip a coffee and munch on a pastry while you check your emails on super-fast connections. Wi-fi too. It's actually a very good cafe in its own right. There are other branches, including one on Sauchiehall St. ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.icafe.uk.com; 315 Sauchiehall St; h7am-11pm Mon-Sat, 8am-11pm Sun; W) Medical Services Glasgow Royal InfirmaryHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-211 4000; www.nhsggc.org.uk; 84 Castle St) Medical emergencies and outpatient facilities. Tourist Information Airport Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-848 4440; Glasgow International Airport; h7.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 8am-3.30pm Sun) Glasgow Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845-225 5121; www.visitscotland.com; 170 Buchanan St; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm or 10am-5pm Sun; W) In the heart of the shopping area. 8Getting There & Away Air Ten miles west of the city, Glasgow International Airport (GLA; %0844 481 5555; www.glasgowairport.com) handles international and domestic flights. Prestwick Airport (PIK; %0871 223 0700; www.glasgowprestwick.com), 30 miles southwest of Glasgow, is used by Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) and some other budget airlines, with connections to the rest of Britain and Europe. Bus All long-distance buses arrive at and depart from Buchanan bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-333 3708; www.spt.co.uk; Killermont St), which has pricey lockers, ATMs, and a cafe with wi-fi. Your first port of call if you're looking for the cheapest fare should be Megabus (www.megabus.com), which offers very cheap demand-dependent prices on many major bus routes, including to Edinburgh and London. Scottish Citylink ( %0871 266 3333; www.citylink.co.uk) has buses to Edinburgh (£7.30, 1¼ hours, every 15 minutes) and most major towns in Scotland. National Express also runs daily to several English cities. Car & Motorcyle There are numerous car-rental companies; both big names and discount operators have airport offices. Companies include the following: Arnold ClarkCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0141-423 9559; www.arnoldclarkrental.com; 43 Allison St) AvisCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 544 6064; www.avis.co.uk; 70 Lancefield St) EuropcarCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 384 8471; www.europcar.co.uk; 76 Lancefield Quay) Train As a general rule, Glasgow Central station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) serves southern Scotland, England and Wales, and Queen St station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) serves the north and east. Buses run between the two stations every 10 minutes. There are direct trains to London's Euston station; they're much quicker (advance purchase single £56, full fare off-peak/peak £130/176, 4½ hours, more than hourly) and more comfortable than the bus. Scotrail ( %08457 55 00 33; www.scotrail.co.uk) runs Scottish trains. Destinations include: Edinburgh (£12.50, 50 minutes, every 15 minutes), Oban (£23.10, three hours, three to six daily), Fort William (£28.20, 3¾ hours, four to five daily), Dundee (£21.30, 1½ hours, hourly), Aberdeen (£38.20, 2½ hours, hourly) and Inverness (£84.70, 3½ hours, 10 daily, four on Sunday). 8Getting Around To/From the Airport There are buses every 10 or 15 minutes from Glasgow International Airport to Buchanan bus station via Central and Queen St stations (single/return £6/8.50, 25 minutes). This is a 24-hour service. Another bus, the 747, covers the same route via Finnieston and Kelvingrove, taking longer. A taxi costs £24. There are also buses from Buchanan bus station direct to/from Edinburgh Airport (£11, one hour, half-hourly). Bicycle There are several places to hire a bike; the tourist office has a full list. Alpine BikesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.alpinebikes.com; 6 St Georges Pl; per day £20; h9.30am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun, 9.30am-7pm Thu) Hardtail and road bikes available. Public Transport A **Bus** City bus services, mostly run by First Glasgow ( %0141-423 6600; www.firstglasgow.com), are frequent. You can buy tickets when you board buses, but on most you must have the exact change. Short journeys in town cost £1.20 or £1.95; a day ticket (£4.10) is good value and valid until 1am, when a night network starts. A weekly ticket is £16.50. The tourist office hands out the highly complicated SPT Bus Map, detailing all routes in and around the city. A **Train & Underground** There's an extensive suburban network of trains in and around Glasgow; tickets should be bought before travel if the station is staffed, or from the conductor if it isn't. There's also an underground line, the subway, that serves 15 stations in the centre, west and south of the city (single £1.60). The train network connects with the subway at Buchanan St station. The Discovery Ticket (£4) gives unlimited travel on the subway for a day, while the Roundabout ticket gives a day's unlimited train and subway travel for £6.30. The subway annoyingly shuts down at around 6pm on a Sunday. A **Combined Ticket** The Daytripper ticket gives you a day's unlimited travel on buses, the Subway, rail and some ferries in the Glasgow region. It costs £11.20 for one or £19.80 for two. Two kids per adult are included free. ## Around Glasgow ### Lanark & New Lanark Population 8900 Below the market town of Lanark, in an attractive gorge by the River Clyde, is the World Heritage site of **New Lanark** , an intriguing collection of restored mill buildings and warehouses. Once the largest cotton-spinning complex in Britain, it was better known for the pioneering social experiments of Robert Owen, who managed the mill from 1800. New Lanark is really a memorial to this enlightened capitalist. You'll need at least half a day to explore this site, as there's plenty to see, and appealing walks along the riverside. 1Sights & Activities oNew Lanark Visitor CentreMUSEUM (www.newlanark.org; adult/child/family £8.50/6/25; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Mar) The main attractions of this World Heritage mill town are accessed via a single ticket. These include a huge working spinning mule, producing woollen yarn, and the **Historic Schoolhouse** , which contains an innovative, high-tech journey to New Lanark's past via a 3D hologram of the spirit of Annie McLeod, a 10-year-old mill girl who describes life here in 1820. The kids will love it as it's very realistic, although the 'do good for all mankind' theme is a little overbearing. Falls of Clyde Wildlife CentreWILDLIFE RESERVE (www.scottishwildlifetrust.co.uk; New Lanark; adult/child £3/1; h10am-4pm) The wildlife centre is by the river in New Lanark and features child-friendly displays focused on badgers, bats, peregrine falcons and other prominent species. In season (April to July), there's a live video feed of peregrines nesting nearby. Entry is a pound cheaper if you buy it together with the New Lanark Visitor Centre entrance. The centre also organises various activities in summer, including badger-watching. From the centre, you can walk through the beautiful nature reserve up to Corra Linn (¾ mile, 30 minutes) and Bonnington Linn (1½ miles, one hour), two of the Falls of Clyde that inspired Turner and Wordsworth. You could return via the muddier path on the opposite bank, pass New Lanark, and cross the river a little further downstream to make a circular walk of it (3 miles, three hours). 4Sleeping New Lanark makes a very relaxing, attractive place to stay. New Lanark SYHAHOSTEL ( %01555-666710; www.syha.org.uk; dm/tw £17/45; hmid-Mar–mid-Oct; p i W) This hostel has a great location in an old mill building by the River Clyde, in the heart of the New Lanark complex. It has comfortable en suite dormitories and a really good downstairs common area. It does breakfasts and dinners and will also make a packed lunch. Closed between 10am and 4pm. New Lanark Mill HotelHOTEL ( %01555-667200; www.newlanarkmillhotel.co.uk; r £99-119; p i W s #) Cleverly converted from an 18th-century mill, this hotel is full of character and is a stone's throw from the major attractions. It has luxury rooms (only a little extra for a spacious superior room), with contemporary art on the walls and views of the churning Clyde below, as well as self-catering accommodation in charming **cottages** (£89 to £109). There are good facilities for the disabled here. The hotel also serves decent meals (bar meals £5 to £11, restaurant mains £14 to £16). 8Information Lanark Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01555-661661; lanark@visitscotland.com; Ladyacre Rd; h10am-5pm) Close to the bus and train stations. Closed Sundays October to March. 8Getting There & Around Lanark is 25 miles southeast of Glasgow. Express bus 240X runs hourly Monday to Saturday (£6, one hour); trains from Glasgow Central also run (£6.60, 55 minutes, every 30 minutes, hourly on Sundays). It's a pleasant walk to New Lanark, but there's also a half-hourly bus service from the train station (daily). If you need a taxi, call Clydewide ( %0800-050 9264; www.clydewidetaxis.co.uk). ## Borders Region The Borders has had a rough history: centuries of war and plunder have left a battle-scarred landscape, encapsulated by the magnificent ruins of the Border abbeys. Their wealth was an irresistible magnet during cross-frontier wars, and they were destroyed and rebuilt numerous times. Today these massive stone shells are the region's finest attraction. But the Borders is also genteel. Welcoming villages with ancient traditions pepper the country­side and grandiose mansions await exploration. It's fine walking and cycling country too. ### WALKING ROUTES The region's most famous walk is challenging 212-mile Southern Upland Way (www.southernuplandway.gov.uk). If you want a sample, one of the best bits is the three- to four-day section from Dalry to Beattock. Another long-distance walk is 62-mile St Cuthbert's Way (www.stcuthbertsway.info), inspired by the travels of St Cuthbert, a 7th-century saint who lived at the first Melrose monastery. It crosses some superb scenery between Melrose and Lindisfarne (in England). The Borders Abbeys Way (www.bordersabbeysway.com) links all the great Border abbeys in a 65-mile circuit. For shorter walks and especially circular loops in the hills, Melrose, Jedburgh and Kelso all make ideal bases. ### Kelso Population 5600 Kelso, a prosperous market town with a broad, cobbled square flanked by Georgian buildings, has a cheery feel and historic appeal. During the day it's a busy little place, but after 8pm you'll have the streets to yourself. The town has a lovely site at the junction of the Tweed and Teviot, and is one of the most enjoyable places in the Borders. 1Sights Floors CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.floorscastle.com; adult/child £8.50/4.50; h10.30am-5pm mid-Apr–mid-Oct) Grandiose Floors Castle is Scotland's largest inhabited mansion, home to the Duke of Roxburghe, and overlooks the Tweed about a mile west of Kelso. Built by William Adam in the 1720s, the original Georgian simplicity was 'improved' in the 1840s with the addition of rather ridiculous battlements and turrets. Inside, view the vivid colours of the 17th-century Brussels tapestries in the drawing room and the intricate oak carvings in the ornate ballroom. Kelso AbbeyRUIN (HS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; Bridge St; h9.30am-6.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Sat-Wed Oct-Mar) F Once one of the richest abbeys in southern Scotland, Kelso Abbey was built by the Tironensians, an order founded in Picardy and brought to the Borders around 1113 by David I. English raids in the 16th century reduced it to ruins, though what little remains today is some of the finest surviving Romanesque architecture in Scotland. 4Sleeping oOld PrioryB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01573-223030; www.theoldpriorykelso.com; 33 Woodmarket St; s/d £55/85; p W) Fantastic rooms here are allied with numerous personal details – they turn down the beds at night and make you feel very welcome. Doubles are top-notch and the family room has to be seen to be believed. The good news extends to the garden – perfect for a coffee in the morning – and a comfortable sitting room and conservatory lounge. The huge windows flood the rooms with natural light. oEdenbank HouseB&B ( %01573-226734; www.edenbank.co.uk; Stichill Rd; s/d £45/80; p W) Half a mile down the road to Stichill, this grand Victorian house sits in spacious grounds where only the bleating of lambs in the green fields and birds in the garden break the silence. It's a fabulous place, with huge opulent rooms, lovely views over the fields, and incredibly warm, generous hospitality. Breakfast features homemade produce, and a laissez-faire attitude makes for an utterly relaxing stay. Don't just show up: call ahead. Ednam House HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01573-224168; www.ednamhouse.com; Bridge St; p W #) The genteel, Georgian Ednam House, touched with a quiet dignity, contains many of its original features, with fine gardens overlooking the river. We've not included prices, for at the time of writing a new owner planned to gradually convert it into a luxury country-house hotel, keeping it open all the while. During salmon season, from the end of August until November, the hotel is very busy. Some of the rooms have lovely river views. 5Eating & Drinking oCobblesPUB FOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01573-223548; www.thecobblesinn.co.uk; 7 Bowmont St; mains £10-17; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.45-9pm; W) We've included the phone number for a reason: this inn off the main square is so popular you will need to book a table at weekends. It's cheery, very welcoming, warm, and serves excellent upmarket pub food in generous portions. Pick and mix from the bar menu, blackboard specials and upmarket options. Leave room for cheese and/or dessert. The bar's own microbrewed ales are really excellent. A cracking place. 8Information Kelso Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01573-228055; www.visitscottishborders.com; The Square; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, to 5pm plus 10am-2pm Sun Jul & Aug) 8Getting There & Away There are frequent services to Edinburgh (£7.20, two hours), other Borders towns and Berwick-upon-Tweed. #### WORTH A TRIP ### SMAILHOLM TOWER Smailholm TowerTOWER (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep) Perched on a rocky knoll above a small lake, this narrow stone tower provides one of the most evocative sights in the Borders and keeps its bloody history alive. Although displays inside are sparse, the panoramic view from the top is worth the climb. The tower is 6 miles west of Kelso, a mile south of Smailholm village on the B6397. First bus 66 between Kelso and Galashiels stops in Smailholm village. The nearby privately-owned farm, **Sandyknowe** , was owned by Sir Walter Scott's grandfather. As Scott himself recognised, his imagination was fired by the ballads and stories he heard as a child at Sandyknowe, and by the ruined tower a stone's throw away. ### Melrose Population 2300 Charming Melrose is a polished village running on the well-greased wheels of tourism. Sitting at the feet of the three heather-covered Eildon Hills, Melrose has a classic market square and one of the great abbey ruins. Just outside town is Abbotsford, the home of Sir Walter Scott, which makes another superb visit. 1Sights oMelrose AbbeyRUIN (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) Perhaps the most interesting of the Border abbeys, red-sandstone Melrose was repeatedly destroyed by the English in the 14th century. The remaining broken shell is pure Gothic and the ruins are famous for their decorative stonework – look out for the pig gargoyle playing the bagpipes. Though Melrose had a monastery way back in the 7th century, this abbey was founded by David I in 1136 for Cistercian monks, and later rebuilt by Robert the Bruce, whose heart is buried here. zFestivals & Events Melrose Rugby SevensRUGBY (www.melrose7s.com) In mid-April rugby followers fill the town to see the week-long competition. 4Sleeping oOld Bank HouseB&B ( %01896-823712; www.oldbankhousemelrose.co.uk; 27 Buccleuch St; s/d £45/70; W #) Right in the middle of town, this is a superb B&B in a charming old building. The owner's artistic touch is evident throughout, from walls covered with paintings, some his own, a house full of curios and tasteful Art Nouveau features, and a sumptuous breakfast room. Rooms are spacious with comfortable furniture and top modern bathrooms; they are complemented by a generous can-do attitude. They go the extra mile here and that makes it a great Borders base. oTownhouseHOTEL ( %01896-822645; www.thetownhousemelrose.co.uk; Market Sq; s/d £95/130; p W) The classy Townhouse exudes warmth and professionalism, and has some of the best rooms in town, tastefully furnished with attention to detail. There are superior rooms (£147) that are enormous in size with lavish furnishings and excellent en suites, some with Jacuzzi. Standard rooms are a fair bit smaller but recently refurbished and very comfortable. It's well worth the price. 5Eating TownhouseSCOTTISH ( %01896-822645; www.thetownhousemelrose.co.uk; Market Sq; mains £10-16; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm Mon-Thu, noon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Fri & Sat, noon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Sun; W) The brasserie and restaurant here turn out just about the best gourmet cuisine in town and offer decent value. There's some rich, elaborate, beautifully presented fare here, with plenty of venison and other game choices, but for a lighter feed you can always opt for the range of creative lunchtime sandwiches. Marmion's BrasserieSCOTTISH ( %01896-822245; www.marmionsbrasserie.co.uk; 5 Buccleuch St; mains £11-17; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Sat; W v) This atmospheric, oak-panelled niche serves snacks all day, but the lunch and dinner menus include modern Scottish bistro classics: expect duck breast, chicken stuffed with haggis, smoked salmon and the like, but also several more-than-token offerings for vegetarians. 8Information Melrose Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01896-822283; www.visitscottishborders.com; Abbey St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun Apr-Oct) Located by the abbey. 8Getting There & Away Buses run to/from nearby Galashiels, with connections for Edinburgh (£7.20, two hours, hourly) and other Borders destinations. ### Around Melrose In the vicinity of Melrose are a couple of excellent attractions intimately connected with Sir Walter Scott. 1Sights oAbbotsfordHISTORIC SITE (www.scottsabbotsford.co.uk; visitor centre free, house adult/child £8.75/4.50; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Oct-Mar) Just outside Melrose, this is where to discover the life and works of Sir Walter Scott, to whom we arguably owe both the modern novel and our mind's-eye view of Scotland. This whimsical, fabulous house where he lived – and which ruined him when his publishers went bust – really brings this 19th-century writer to life. The grounds on the banks of the Tweed are lovely, and Scott drew much inspiration from rambles in the surrounding countryside. oDryburgh AbbeyRUIN (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5/3; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Oct-Mar) This is the most beautiful and complete of the Border abbeys, partly because the neighbouring town of Dryburgh no longer exists (another victim of the wars) and partly for its lovely site by the Tweed in a sheltered birdsong-filled valley. Dating from about 1150, the abbey belonged to the Premonstratensians, a religious order founded in France, and conjures 12th-century monastic life more successfully than its nearby counterparts. The pink-hued stone ruins are the burial place of Sir Walter Scott. The abbey is 5 miles southeast of Melrose on the B6404, which passes the famous Scott's View outlook. Hike there along the southern bank of the River Tweed, or take a bus to the nearby village of Newtown St Boswells. ### Jedburgh Population 4000 Attractive Jedburgh, where many old buildings and wynds (narrow alleys) have been intelligently restored, invites exploration by foot. It's centred on the noble skeleton of its ruined abbey. ### THE RIDING OF THE MARCHES The Riding of the Marches, also known as the Common Riding, takes place in early summer in the major Borders towns. Like many Scottish festivals it has ancient origins, dating back to the Middle Ages, when riders would be sent to the town boundary to check on the common lands. The colourful event normally involves extravagant convoys of horse riders following the town standard as it is paraded along a well-worn route. Festivities vary between towns but usually involve lots of singing, sport, pageants, concerts and plenty of whisky. If you want to zero in on the largest of the Ridings, head to Jedburgh for the Jethart Callant's Festival (www.jethartcallantsfestival.com) in late June. 1Sights oJedburgh AbbeyRUIN (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; Abbey Rd; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Oct-Mar) Dominating the town skyline, this was the first of the great Border abbeys to be passed into state care, and it shows – audio and visual presentations telling the abbey's story are scattered throughout the carefully preserved ruins (good for the kids). The red-sandstone ruins are roofless but relatively intact, and the ingenuity of the master mason can be seen in some of the rich (if somewhat faded) stone carvings in the nave. The abbey was founded in 1138 by David I as a priory for Augustinian canons. Mary, Queen of Scots HouseHISTORIC SITE (Queen St; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-4pm Sun early Mar-Nov) F Mary stayed at this beautiful 16th-century tower house in 1566 after her famous ride to visit the injured earl of Bothwell, her future husband, at Hermitage Castle. The interesting exhibition evokes the sad saga of Mary's life and death. Various objects associated with her – including a lock of her hair – are on display. 4Sleeping MaplebankB&B ( %01835-862051; maplebank3@btinternet.com; 3 Smiths Wynd; s/d £30/50; p #) It's very pleasing to come across places like this, where it really feels like you're staying in someone's home. In this case, that someone is a bit like your favourite aunt: friendly, chaotic and generous. There's lots of clutter and it's very informal. The rooms are comfortable and large, and share a good bathroom. Breakfast (particularly if you like fruit, yoghurts, homemade jams and a selection of everything) is much better than you get at most posher places. Willow CourtB&B ( %01835-863702; www.willowcourtjedburgh.co.uk; The Friars; d £80-86; p W) It seems inadequate to call this impressive option a B&B; it's more like a boutique hotel. Three impeccable rooms with elegant wallpaper, showroom bathrooms and great beds are complemented by a courteous professional welcome. Breakfast can include a grapefruit medley or smoked salmon, and you could spend hours in the conservatory lounge admiring the views over the garden and town. 5Eating Clock TowerBISTRO ( %01835-869788; www.clocktowerbistro.co.uk; Abbey Pl; mains £9-15; h10am-4pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat; W) Opposite the skeleton of the abbey, this place will put meat on your bones with its eclectic menu of upmarket bistro fare, drizzling truffle oil or Rioja jus over ingredients like tuna steaks, duck confit or west coast scallops. Prices are good for this level of food, though some of the flavours could be more adventurous. 8Information There's a free wi-fi zone around the town centre. Jedburgh Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01835-863170; jedburgh@visitscotland.com; Murray's Green; h9.15am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar; W) Head tourist office for the Borders region. Very helpful. 8Getting There & Away Jedburgh has good bus connections to Hawick, Melrose and Kelso (all around 25 minutes, roughly hourly, two-hourly on Sunday). Buses also run to Edinburgh (£7.20, two hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, five Sunday). #### WORTH A TRIP ### HERMITAGE CASTLE oHermitage CastleCASTLE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep) The 'guardhouse of the bloodiest valley in Britain', Hermitage Castle embodies the brutal history of the Scottish Borders. Desolate but proud, with its massive squared stone walls, it looks more like a lair for orc raiding parties than a home for Scottish nobility, and is one of the bleakest and most stirring of Scottish ruins. Strategically crucial, the castle was the scene of many a dark deed and dirty deal with the English invaders, all of which rebounded heavily on the perfidious Scottish lord in question. Here, in 1338, Sir William Douglas imprisoned his enemy Sir Alexander Ramsay and deliberately starved him to death. Ramsay survived for 17 days by eating grain that trickled into his pit (which can still be seen) from the granary above. In 1566, Mary, Queen of Scots famously visited the wounded tenant of the castle, Lord Bothwell, here. Fortified, he recovered to (probably) murder her husband, marry her himself, then abandon her months later and flee into exile. The castle is about 12 miles south of Hawick on the B6357. ### Peebles Population 8400 With a picturesque main street set on a ridge between the River Tweed and the Eddleston Water, Peebles is one of the most handsome of the Border towns. Though it lacks a major sight, the agreeable atmosphere and good walking options in the rolling, wooded hills thereabouts will entice you to linger for a couple of days. There are some excellent eating choices. 2Activities Two miles east of town, off the A72 and in **Glentress forest** , the busiest of the 7stanes (www.7stanesmountainbiking.com) mountain-biking hubs also has osprey viewing and marked walking trails. The shop ( %01721-724522; www.alpinebikes.com; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5.30pm Sat & Sun) here hires rigs and will put you on the right trail for your ability. These are some of Britain's best biking routes. Go Ape (www.goape.co.uk) also has swing and zipline forest routes here, and there are camping huts available (see www.glentressforestlodges.co.uk). In town, you can hire bikes to explore the region from Glentress Bikes ( %01721-729756; 20A Northgate; day hire £22 ). 4Sleeping & Eating Tontine HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01721-720892; www.tontinehotel.com; High St; s £55, d £110-120; p W #) Right in the heart of things, this is a bastion of Borders hospitality. Refurbished rooms have high comfort levels, modish colours and top-notch bathrooms, while service couldn't be more helpful. There's a small supplement for rooms with four-poster beds and/or river views. There's a good restaurant and bar here: it's the heart of town. RowanbraeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01721-721630; www.aboutscotland.co.uk/peebles/rowanbrae.html; 103 Northgate; s/d £42/65; W) In a quiet cul-de-sac but not far from the main street, this hospitable spot treats its guests like family friends. It's pleasantly and comfortably old-fashioned; there are three upstairs bedrooms, two en suite, and a commodious guest lounge for relaxation. oColtman'sBISTRO, DELI (www.coltmans.co.uk; 71 High St; mains £11-19; h10am-5pm Sun-Wed, 10am-10pm Thu-Sat; W) S This main street deli has numerous temptations, such as excellent cheeses and Italian smallgoods, as well as perhaps Scotland's tastiest sausage roll – buy two to avoid the walk back for another one. Behind the shop, the good-looking dining area serves up confident bistro fare and light snacks with a variety of culinary influences, using top-notch local ingredients. Sunflower RestaurantFUSION ( %01721-722420; www.thesunflower.net; 4 Bridgegate; lunch £6-9, dinner mains £12-16; hnoon-3pm Mon-Sat, plus 6-9pm Fri & Sat; v) S The Sunflower, with its warmly decorated dining room, is in a quiet spot off the main drag and has a reputation that brings diners from all over southern Scotland. It serves good salads for lunch and has an admirable menu in the evenings, with creative and elegant dishes that always include some standout vegetarian fare. 8Information Peebles Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01721-723159; www.visitscottishborders.com; High St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun) Closed Sundays from January to March. Open until 5.30pm July and August. 8Getting There & Away The bus stop is beside the post office on Eastgate. Bus 62A/X62 runs half-hourly (hourly on Sundays) to Edinburgh (£5.10, one hour). In the other direction it heads for Galashiels, where you can change for Melrose (£6). #### DON'T MISS ### TRAQUAIR HOUSE oTraquair HouseHISTORIC SITE (www.traquair.co.uk; adult/child/family £8.50/4.25/23; h11am-5pm Easter-Sep, 11am-4pm Oct, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov) One of Scotland's great country houses, Traquair House has a power­ful, ethereal beauty, and exploring it is like time travel. Odd, sloping floors and a musty odour bestow a genuine feel, and parts of the building are believed to have been constructed long before the first official record of its existence in 1107. The massive tower house was gradually expanded over the next 500 years, but has remained virtually unchanged since the 17th century. Traquair is 1.5 miles south of Innerleithen, about 6 miles southeast of Peebles. Since the 15th century, the house has belonged to various branches of the Stuart family, and the family's unwavering Cath­olicism and loyalty to the Stuart cause led to famous visitors like Mary, Queen of Scots and Bonnie Prince Charlie, but also to numerous problems after the deposal of James II of England in 1688. The family's estate, wealth and influence were gradually whittled away, as life as a Jacobite became a furtive, clandestine affair. One of Traquair's most interesting places is the concealed room where priests secretly lived and performed Mass – up until 1829 when the Catholic Emancipation Act was finally passed. Other beautiful, time-worn rooms hold fascinating relics, including the cradle used by Mary for her son, James VI of Scotland (who also became James I of England), and fascinating letters from the Jacobite Earls of Traquair and their families, including a particularly moving one written from death row in the Tower of London. The main gates to the house were locked by one earl in the 18th century until the day a Stuart king reclaims the throne in London, so meanwhile you'll have to enter by a side gate. In addition to the house, there's a garden **maze** , a small **brewery** producing the tasty Bear Ale, and a series of **craft workshops**. Bus 62 runs from Edinburgh via Peebles to Innerleithen and on to Galashiels and Melrose. ## 2Cycling Tour Cycling the Borders **Start** Peebles **Finish** Jedburgh *1 **Length** 80 miles; two to three days With the exception of the main A-roads, traffic is sparse, which, along with the beauty of the countryside, makes the Borders ideal cycling country. This route takes you through classic Borders countryside, visiting abbey ruins and stately homes along the way. 2 **Peebles** is easily accessed on the bus from Edinburgh and offers bike hire. Check out the downhill routes at nearby 3Glentress before following the south bank of the Tweed eastwards on the B7062. 4Traquair House is a great stop on this route. Continue on the south side, signposted as part of the National Cycle Network, before crossing the river, bearing right onto the A708, then turning left (B7060) before the river recrosses the Tweed at a bridge with traffic lights. Following signposts, this will eventually take you past 5Abbotsford, home of Sir Walter Scott, into 6 **Melrose** , a good overnighting option. From Melrose, it's a short but stiff ascent to 7 **Scott's View** , where you can get your breath back with the marvellous vista, then a swift descent back to river level and sublime 8Dryburgh Abbey. Past the abbey, turn left on the B6404, then detour left for just over a mile to visit 9Smailholm Tower (signposted). From here it's an easy six miles into a **Kelso** , where you should leave time to see impressive bFloors Castle. You've seen three of the four great ruined Border Abbeys by now, so it's time to complete the set by heading south to the fourth. There are several possible routes, but a nice quiet, picturesque one (25 miles) heads out of Kelso southeast on the B6352. Have a pint in the twin walkers' villages of c **Town Yetholm** and d **Kirk Yetholm** , then head west on the B6401 through the village of Morebattle, then left 1½ miles down a rustic road signposted to Cessford/Crailinghall. Follow this south, then west all the way to e **Jedburgh**. There are bus connections from here back to Peebles. All the towns mentioned have good overnighting options so you can tackle this at your own pace. Other routes are also detailed at www.cyclescottishborders.com. ## Ayrshire Ayrshire is synonymous with golf and with Robert Burns – and there's plenty on offer here to satisfy both of these pursuits. Troon has six golf courses for starters, and there's enough Burns memorabilia in the region to satisfy even his most fanatic admirers. The best way to appreciate the Ayrshire coastline is on foot: the Ayrshire Coastal Path (www.ayrshirecoastalpath.org) offers 100 miles of spectacular waterside walking. ### ARDROSSAN An otherwise unremarkable coastal town, Ardrossan is the main ferry port for Arran. Trains leave Glasgow Central station (£7.20, 40 to 50 minutes, half-hourly) to connect with ferries. From May to September there are also services to Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula. ### Ayr Population 46,800 Ayr's long sandy beach has made it a popular family seaside resort since Victorian times, but it has struggled in the recent economic climate. Parts of the centre have a neglected air, though there are many fine Georgian and Victorian buildings, and it makes a convenient base for exploring this section of coast. The huge drawcard is Alloway, 3 miles south, with its Robert Burns heritage. 1Sights Most things to see in Ayr are Robert Burns related. The bard was baptised in the **Auld Kirk** (Old Church) off High St. Several of his poems are set here in Ayr; in _Twa Brigs,_ Ayr's old and new bridges argue with one another. The **Auld Brig** (Old Bridge) was built in 1491 and spans the river just north of the church. St John's Tower ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Eglinton Tce) is the only remnant of a church where a parliament was held in 1315, the year after the celebrated victory at Bannockburn. 4Sleeping & Eating o26 The CrescentB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01292-287329; www.26crescent.co.uk; 26 Bellevue Cres; s £53, d £75-97; W) When the blossom's out, this is Ayr's prettiest street, with an excellent place to stay on it. The rooms are impeccable – an upgrade to the spacious four-poster room is a sound investment – but it's the warm welcome given by the hosts that makes this special. It's with the numerous little extras, like iPod docks, Arran toiletries, bottled water, and silver cutlery at breakfast that this B&B is at its best. BeresfordBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01292-280820; www.theberesfordayr.co.uk; 22 Beresford Tce; mains £10-13; hfood 9am-9pm; W) Style and fun go hand in hand at this upbeat establishment serving offbeat martinis and luring churchgoing ladies with artisanal chocolates and delicious desserts. The food is a creative fusion of Mediterranean, particularly Italian influences, and is solidly backed by a wide choice of wines, with lots available by the glass. 8Information Ayr Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01292-290300; www.ayrshire-arran.com; 22 Sandgate; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat year-round, 10am-5pm Sun Apr-Sep; c) In the centre. 8Getting There & Around AMG Cycles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01292-287580; www.irvinecycles.co.uk; 55 Dalblair Rd; day/weekend/week £15/20/35-50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat) hires out bikes. Ayr is 33 miles from Glasgow and is Ayrshire's major transport hub. There are very frequent express services to Glasgow (£5.90, one hour) via Prestwick Airport, as well as services to Stranraer (£8.20, two hours, four to eight a day), other Ayrshire destinations, and Dumfries (£6.60, 2¼ hours, five to seven a day). There are at least two trains an hour that run between Ayr and Glasgow Central station (£8, 50 minutes), and some trains continue south from Ayr to Stranraer (£10.50, 1½ hours). ### Alloway The pretty, lush village of Alloway (3 miles south of Ayr) should be on the itinerary of every Robert Burns fan – he was born here on 25 January 1759. Even if you haven't been seduced by Burnsmania, it's still well worth a visit, as the Burns-related exhibitions give a good impression of life in Ayrshire in the late 18th century. 1Sights Robert Burns Birthplace MuseumMUSEUM (NTS; www.burnsmuseum.org.uk; adult/child £8.50/6.50; h10am-5pm Oct-Mar, to 5.30pm Apr-Sep) This impressive museum has collected a solid range of Burns memorabilia, including manuscripts and possessions of the poet, like the pistols he packed in order to carry out his daily work as a taxman. There's good biographical information, and a series of displays that bring to life individual poems via background snippets, translations, and audiophones with recitations. Appropriately, the museum doesn't take itself too seriously: there's plenty of humour that the man himself surely would have approved of, and entertaining audio and visual performances will keep the kids amused. The admission ticket also covers the atmospheric **Burns Cottage** , connected via a walkway to the Birthplace Museum. Born in the little box-bed in this cramped thatched dwelling, the poet spent the first seven years of his life here. It's an attractive display that gives you a context for reading plenty of his verse. Much-needed trans­lation of some of the more obscure Scots farming terms he loved to use decorate the walls. Alloway Auld KirkCHURCH ( h24hr) F Near the Birthplace Museum are the ruins of the kirk, the setting for part of 'Tam o' Shanter'. Burns' father, William, is buried in the kirkyard; read the poem on the back of the gravestone. Burns Monument & GardensGARDENS The monument was built in 1823; the gardens afford a view of the 13th-century Brig o' Doon. ### THE SCOTTISH BARD Best remembered for penning the words of 'Auld Lang Syne' _,_ Robert Burns (1759–96) is Scotland's most famous poet and a popular hero; his birthday (25 January) is celebrated as Burns Night by Scots around the world. Burns was born in 1759 in Alloway to a poor family, who scraped a living gardening and farming. At school he soon showed an aptitude for literature and a fondness for the folk song. He later began writing his own songs and satires. When the problems of his arduous farming life were compounded by the threat of prosecution from the father of Jean Armour, with whom he'd had an affair, he decided to emigrate to Jamaica. He gave up his share of the family farm and published his poems to raise money for the journey. The poems were so well reviewed in Edinburgh that Burns decided to remain in Scotland and devote himself to writing. He went to Edinburgh in 1787 to publish a 2nd edition, but the financial rewards were not enough to live on and he had to take a job as an excise man in Dumfriesshire. Though he worked well, he wasn't a taxman by nature, and described his job as 'the execrable office of whip-person to the blood-hounds of justice'. He contributed many songs to collections, and a 3rd edition of his poems was published in 1793. A prodigious writer, Burns composed more than 28,000 lines of verse over 22 years. He died (probably of heart disease) in Dumfries in 1796, aged 37, having fathered more than a dozen children to several different women. Generous-spirited Jean bore nine of them and took in another, remarking 'Oor Robbie should hae had twa wives'. Many of the local landmarks mentioned in the verse-tale 'Tam o' Shanter' can still be visited. Farmer Tam, riding home after a hard night's drinking in a pub in Ayr, sees witches dancing in Alloway churchyard. He calls out to the one pretty witch, but is pursued by them, and has to reach the other side of the River Doon to be safe. He just manages to cross the Brig o' Doon, but his mare loses her tail to the witches. The Burns connection in southern Scotland is milked for all it's worth and tourist offices have a _Burns Heritage Trail_ leaflet leading you to every place that can claim some link with the bard. Burns fans should have a look at www.robertburns.org. 8Getting There & Away Bus 361 runs hourly between Alloway and Ayr (seven minutes). Otherwise, walk or rent a bike and cycle here. ### Culzean Castle & Country Park The Scottish National Trust's flagship property, magnificent Culzean Castle (NTS; %01655-884400; www.culzeanexperience.org; castle adult/child/family £15.50/11.50/38; hcastle 10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, last entry 4pm, park 9.30am-sunset year-round), pronounced kull- _ane_ , is one of the most impressive of Scotland's great stately homes. The entrance is an unusual viaduct, and on approach the castle appears like a mirage, floating into view. Designed by Robert Adam, who was encouraged to exercise his romantic genius, this 18th-century mansion is perched dramatically on the edge of the cliffs. Adam was the most influential architect of his time, renowned for his meticulous attention to detail and the elegant classical embellishments with which he decorated his ceilings and fireplaces. 8Getting There & Away Culzean is 12 miles south of Ayr; buses (£4.20, 30 minutes, 11 daily Monday to Saturday) pass the park gates, from where it's a 20-minute walk through the grounds to the castle. ## Dumfries & Galloway Some of the region's finest attractions lie in the gentle hills and lush valleys of Dumfries and Galloway. Ideal for families, there's plenty on offer for the kids. Galloway Forest is a highlight, with its sublime views, mountain-biking and walking trails, red deer, kites and other wildlife, as are the dreamlike ruins of Caerlaverock Castle. Adding to the appeal of this enticing region is a string of southern Scotland's most idyllic towns, which are charming when the sun shines. And shine it does. Warmed also by the Gulf Stream, this is the mildest region in Scotland, a phenomenon that has allowed the development of some famous gardens. ### Dumfries Population 32,900 Lovely, red-hued sandstone bridges criss-cross pleasant Dumfries, bisec­ted by the wide River Nith, with grassy banks. Historic­ally, Dumfries held a strategic position in the path of vengeful English armies; consequently, although it has existed since Roman times, the oldest standing building dates from the 17th century. Plenty of famous names have passed through: Robert Burns lived here and worked as a tax collector; JM Barrie, creator of Peter Pan, was schooled here; and former racing driver David Coulthard also hails from the town. 1Sights There are more Burns-related sights scattered throughout town; you'll find Robert Burns' mausoleum ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; St Michael's Kirk) in the graveyard at St Michael's Kirk ( GOOGLE MAP ) ); it's in the far left corner as you go in. His wife is also buried here. At the top of High St is a statue ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) of the bard. oBurns HouseMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dumgal.gov.uk/museums; Burns St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat & 2-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, 10am-1pm & 2-5pm Tue-Sat Oct-Mar) F This is a place of pilgrimage for Burns enthusiasts. It's here that the poet spent the last years of his life, and there are various possessions of his in glass cases, as well as manuscripts and, entertainingly, letters: make sure you have a read. Robert Burns CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dumgal.gov.uk/museums; Mill Rd; audiovisual presentation £2.25; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat & 2-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, 10am-1pm & 2-5pm Tue-Sat Oct-Mar) F A worthwhile Burns exhibition in an old mill on the banks of the River Nith. It tells the story of the poet and Dumfries in the 1790s. The optional audiovisual presentations give more background on Dumfries, and explain the exhibition's contents. 4Sleeping MerlinB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01387-261002; www.themerlin.webeden.co.uk/; 2 Kenmure Tce; s/d without bathroom £35/56; W) Beautifully located on the riverbank across a pedestrian bridge from the centre, this is a top place to hole up in Dumfries. So much work goes on behind the scenes here that it seems effortless: numerous small details and a friendly welcome make this a very impressive set-up. Rooms share a bathroom, and have super-comfy beds; the breakfast table is also quite a sight. Ferintosh Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01387-252262; www.ferintosh.net; 30 Lovers Walk; s £35, d £60-66; W #) A Victorian villa opposite the train station, Ferintosh is a good-humoured place with excellent rooms and a warm welcome. These people have the right attitude towards hospitality, with comfortable plush beds, a free dram on arrival, and plenty of good chat on distilleries and kilts. The showers sound like light aircraft taking off but deliver impressive results. The owner's original artwork complements the decor, and cyclists are welcomed with a shed and bike-washing facilities. 5Eating & Drinking Cavens ArmsPUB FOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 20 Buccleuch St; mains £8-14; h11.30am-9pm Tue-Sat, 12.30-8.30pm Sun; W) Engaging staff, 10 real ales on tap, and a warm contented buzz make this a legendary Dumfries pub. Generous portions of typical pub nosh backed up by a long list of more adventurous daily specials make it one of the town's most enjoyable places to eat too. It gets packed at weekends but they still try and find a table for all. 8Information Dumfries Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01387-253862; www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk; 64 Whitesands; h9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar, to 5pm Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, to 5.30pm Jul-Aug, plus 11am-4pm Sun Jul-Sep) Offers plenty of information on the region. 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses run to towns along the A75 to Stranraer (£7, 2¼ hours, eight daily Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) as well as to Castle Douglas and Kirkcudbright. Bus 100/101 runs to/from Edinburgh (£8.80, 2¾ hours, four to seven daily), via Moffat and Biggar. Train There are trains between Carlisle and Dumfries (£10.40, 35 minutes, every hour or two), and direct trains between Dumfries and Glasgow (£15.60, 1¾ hours, eight daily Monday to Saturday). Services are reduced on Sundays. ### South Of Dumfries #### Caerlaverock Castle Caerlaverock CastleCASTLE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Oct-Mar) The ruins of **Caerlaverock Castle** , by Glencaple on a beautiful stretch of the Solway coast, are among the loveliest in Britain. Surrounded by a moat, lawns and stands of trees, the unusual pink-stoned triangular castle looks impregnable. In fact, it fell several times, most famously when it was attacked in 1300 by Edward I: the siege became the subject of an epic poem, 'The Siege of Caerlaverock'. The current castle dates from the late 13th century but, once defensive purposes were no longer a design necessity, it was refitted as a luxurious Scottish Renaissance mansion house in 1634. Ironically, the rampaging Covenanter militia sacked it a few years later. With nooks and crannies to explore, passageways and remnants of fireplaces, this castle is great for the whole family. #### New Abbey The small, picturesque village of New Abbey lies 7 miles south of Dumfries and contains the remains of the 13th-century Cistercian Sweetheart Abbey (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Sat-Wed Oct-Mar). The shattered, red-sandstone remnants of the abbey are impressive and stand in stark contrast to the manicured lawns surrounding them. The abbey, the last of the major monasteries to be established in Scotland, was founded by Devorgilla of Galloway in 1273 in honour of her dead husband John Balliol (with whom she had founded Balliol College, Oxford). On his death, she had his heart embalmed and carried it with her until she died 22 years later. She and the heart were buried by the altar – hence the name. To get to New Abbey, take Bus 372 from Dumfries (15 minutes). ### Kirkcudbright Population 3400 Kirkcudbright (kirk- _coo_ -bree), with its dignified streets of 17th- and 18th-century merchants' houses and appealing harbour, is the ideal base from which to explore the south coast. Look out for the nook-and-cranny wynds in the elbow of beautifully restored High St. With its architecture and setting, it's easy to see why Kirkcudbright has been an artists' colony since the late 19th century. 1Sights & Activities Broughton HouseGALLERY (NTS; www.nts.org.uk; 12 High St; adult/child £6.50/5; hnoon-5pm Apr-Oct) The 18th-century Broughton House displays paintings by EA Hornel (he lived and worked here), one of the Glasgow Boys. The library, with its wood panelling and stone carvings, is probably the most impressive room. Behind the house is a lovely Japanese-style garden (also open 11am to 4pm Monday to Friday in February and March). MacLellan's CastleCASTLE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; Castle St; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-1pm & 2-5.30pm Apr-Sep) Near the harbour, this is a large, atmospheric ruin built in 1577 by Thomas MacLellan, then provost of Kirkcudbright, as his town residence. Inside look for the 'lairds' lug', a 16th-century hidey-hole designed for the laird to eavesdrop on his guests. Tolbooth Art CentreEXHIBITION, GALLERY (www.dumgal.gov.uk; High St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat, 1-4pm Sun mid-Apr–Sep, 11am-4pm Mon-Sat Oct–mid-Apr) F As well as catering for today's local artists, this centre has an exhibition on the history of the town's artistic development. The place is as interesting for the building itself as for the artistic works on display; it's one of the oldest and best-preserved tollbooths in Scotland, and there are interpretive signboards to explain its past. 4Sleeping & Eating Kirkcudbright has a swathe of good B&Bs. oSelkirk Arms HotelHOTEL ( %01557-330402; www.selkirkarmshotel.co.uk; High St; s/d/superior d £84/110/130; p i W) What a haven of good hospitality this is. All the rooms have been recently refurbished, and are looking good with a stylish purply finish and slate-floored bathroms. Superior rooms are excellent – wood furnishings and views over the back garden give them a rustic appeal. Staff are happy to be there, and you will be too. Baytree HouseB&B ( %01557-330824; www.baytreekirkcudbright.co.uk; 110 High St; s/d £65/82; i W) This is a very high standard B&B, but its focus is always directed towards the guest's comfort, and it never feels too posh. Rooms are ample size and feature plush, comfortable beds and lots of little extras like a sherry decanter, earplugs (not that you need them) and fresh milk. A great lounge space has DVDs and reading material. There's a self-catering flat out the back too. Selkirk Arms HotelBISTRO (www.selkirkarmshotel.co.uk; High St; mains £11-19; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm; p W c) Cheery servers and a wide-ranging menu of well-presented dishes give you plenty of options here, where you can sit in the more formal restaurant area or the more casual bar zone. Local scallops are a highlight, and some fairly elaborate mains can round out the meal, but you can also chow down on 'posh fish 'n' chips'. All positive. 8Information Check out www.kirkcudbright.co.uk and www.artiststown.org.uk for heaps of information on the town. Kirkcudbright Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01557-330494; www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk; Harbour Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat & 11am-3pm Sun Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, 9.30am-6pm Mon-Sat & 10am-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, 11am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Handy office with useful brochures detailing walks and road tours in the surrounding district. 8Getting There & Away Kirkcudbright is 28 miles southwest of Dumfries. Buses run to Dumfries (one hour) via either Castle Douglas or changing in Dalbeattie. Change at Gatehouse of Fleet for Stranraer. ### Galloway Forest Park South and northwest of the small town of New Galloway is 300-sq-mile Galloway Forest Park, with numerous lochs and great whale-backed, heather- and pine-covered mountains. The highest point is **Merrick** (843m). The park is criss-crossed by off-road bike routes and some superb signposted walking trails, from gentle strolls to long-distance paths, including the **Southern Upland Way**. The park is very family focused; look out for the booklet of annual events in tourist offices. The park is also great for **stargazing** ; it has been declared a Dark Sky Park by the International Dark-Sky Association (www.darksky.org). The scenic 19-mile A712 (Queen's Way) between New Galloway and Newton Stewart slices through the southern section of the park. On the shore of **Clatteringshaws Loch** , 6 miles west of New Galloway, is Clatteringshaws Visitor Centre ( %01671-402420; www.forestry.gov.uk/scotland; h10am-4pm, to 5pm Jul & Aug), .which is basically a cafe but has the odd display panel; pick up a copy of the _Galloway Kite Trail_ leaflet here, which details a circular route through impressive scenery that offers a good chance to spot one of the majestic reintroduced red kites. From the visitor centre you can walk to a replica of a Romano-British homestead, and to **Bruce's Stone** , where Robert the Bruce is said to have rested after defeating the English at the Battle of Rapploch Moss in 1307 About a mile west of Clatteringshaws, **Raiders Rd** is a 10-mile drive through the forest with various picnic spots, child-friendly activities, and short walks marked along the way. It costs £2 per vehicle; drive slowly as there's plenty of wildlife about. Further west is the **Galloway Red Deer Range** , where you can observe Britain's largest land-based beast. During rutting season in autumn it's a bit like watching a bullfight as snorting, charging stags compete for the harem. From April to September there are guided ranger-led visits (adult/child £5/3) to see these impressive beasts. Walkers and cyclists should head for **Glentrool** in the park's west, accessed by the forest road east from Bargrennan off the A714, north of Newton Stewart. Located just over a mile from Bargrennan is the Glentrool Visitor Centre ( h10am-4pm, to 5pm Jul & Aug), which has a cafe and stocks information on activities, including mountain biking. The road then winds and climbs up to **Loch Trool** , where there are magnificent views. ### MOUNTAIN-BIKING HEAVEN A brilliant way to experience southern Scotland's forests is by pedal power. The **7stanes** ('stanes' means stones) are seven mountain-biking centres around the region with trails through some of the finest forest scenery you'll find in the country. **Glentrool** is one of these centres and the **Blue Route** here is 5.6 miles in length and a lovely ride climbing up to Green Torr Ridge overlooking Loch Trool. If you've more serious intentions, the **Big Country Route** is 36 miles of challenging ascents and descents that afford magnificent views of the Galloway Forest. It takes a full day and is not for wimps. Another of the trailheads is at **Kirroughtree Visitor Centre** , 3 miles southeast of Newton Stewart. This offers plenty of singletrack at four different skill levels. You can hire bikes here (www.thebreakpad.com). For more information on routes see www.7stanesmountainbiking.com. ### The Machars In the south, the Galloway Hills give way to the softly rolling pastures of the triangular peninsula known as the Machars. The south has many early Christian sites and the 25-mile Pilgrims Way walk. Bus 415 runs every hour or so between Newton Stewart and Isle of Whithorn (one hour) via Wigtown (15 minutes) and Whithorn. #### Wigtown Population 900 Little Wigtown, officially Scotland's National Book Town, has more than a dozen bookshops offering an astonishingly wide selection of volumes, giving book enthusiasts the opportunity to get lost here for days. A major book festival (www.wigtownbookfestival.com) is held here in late September. The Bookshop (www.the-bookshop.com; 17 North Main St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) claims to be Scotland's largest secondhand bookshop, and has a great collection of Scottish and regional titles. A noble stone building in a quiet part of town, Hillcrest House ( %01988-402018; www.hillcrest-wigtown.co.uk; Station Rd; s £40-45, d £70-78; p W #) features high ceilings and huge windows; spend the extra for one of the superior rooms, which have stupendous views overlooking rolling green hills and the sea beyond. This is all complemented by a ripper breakfast involving fresh local produce. ReadingLasses Bookshop Café (www.reading-lasses.com; 17 South Main St; mains £7-8; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 11am-4pm Sun May-Oct; W v) is set around a brilliantly welcoming cafe serving decent coffee to prolong your reading time and a toothsome range of home cooking prepared with care and offering several vegetarian/vegan options. #### Whithorn Population 800 Whithorn has a broad, attractive High St which is virtually closed at both ends (it was designed to enclose a medieval market). There are few facilities in town, but it's worth visiting because of its fascinating history. In 397, while the Romans were still in Britain, St Ninian established the first Christian mission beyond Hadrian's Wall in Whithorn (pre-dating St Columba on Iona by 166 years). After his death, **Whithorn Priory** , the earliest recorded church in Scotland, was built to house his remains, and Whithorn became the focus of an important medieval pilgrimage. Today the ruined priory is part of the excellent Whithorn Trust Discovery Centre (www.whithorn.com; 45 George St; adult/child £4.50/2.25, 20% Historic Scotland discount; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct), which introduces you to the history of the town through a very informative audiovisual exhibition. Outside, you can see the site of earlier churches. There's also a museum with some fascinating early Christian stone sculptures, including the **Latinus Stone** (c 450), reputedly Scotland's oldest Christian artefact. Learn about the influences their carvers drew on, from around the British Isles and beyond. ### Stranraer Population 10,600 The friendly but somewhat ramshackle port of Stranraer has seen its tourist mainstay, the ferry traffic to Northern Ireland, move up the road to Cairnryan. The town's still wondering what to do with itself, but there's lots to explore in the surrounding area. 1Sights Castle Kennedy GardensGARDENS, CASTLE (www.castlekennedygardens.co.uk; adult/child £5/1.50; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, Sat & Sun only Feb-Mar) Three miles east of Stranraer, these magnificent gardens are among Scotland's most renowned. They cover 30 hectares and are set on an isthmus between two lochs and two castles. The landscaping was undertaken in 1730 by the Earl of Stair, who used unoccupied soldiers to do the work. Buses heading east from Stranraer stop at the gate on the main road; it's a pleasant 20-minute stroll from here to the entrance to the gardens. 4Sleeping & Eating Ivy HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01776-704176; www.ivyhouse-ferrylink.co.uk; 3 Ivy Pl; s/d £30/50, s without bathroom £25; W) This is a great guesthouse that does Scottish hospitality proud, with excellent facilities, tidy en suite rooms and a smashing breakfast. Nothing is too much trouble for the genial host, who always has a smile for her guests. The room at the back overlooking the churchyard is particularly light and quiet. Balyett FarmB&B ( %01776-703395; www.balyettbb.co.uk; Cairnryan Rd; s £55, d £65-75; p W) A mile north of town on the A77, Balyett has top relaxing rooms in a tranquil setting; they are light, bright, clean as a whistle and boast lovely views over the surrounding country. Ring ahead, as they might be further up the road in Cairnryan by the time you read this. 8Information Stranraer Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01776-702595; 28 Harbour St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat Sep-Jun, 9am-5pm daily Jul & Aug, plus 11am-3pm Sun Jul) Efficient and friendly. 8Getting There & Away Boat Stranraer is 6 miles south of Cairnryan, which is on the eastern side of Loch Ryan. Bus 358 runs frequently between Stranraer and Ayr, stopping in Cairnryan. For a taxi to Cairnryan (around £8), contact McLean's Taxis ( %01776-703343; 21 North Strand St; h24hr), just up from the tourist office. P&OFERRY ( %08716 64 20 20; www.poferries.com) Runs six to eight fast ferries a day from Cairnryan to Larne (Northern Ireland). The crossing takes two hours. Stena LineFERRY ( %08447 70 70 70; www.stenaline.co.uk; passenger £20-29, driver plus car £99-150) Runs five to six ferries from Cairnryan to Belfast (2¾ hours). Bus Scottish Citylink buses run to Glasgow (£18.50, 2½ hours, three daily) and Edinburgh (£21.50, four hours, three daily). There are also several daily local buses to Kirkcudbright and the towns along the A75, such as Newton Stewart (45 minutes, at least hourly) and Dumfries (£7, 2¼ hours, nine daily Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday). Train First Scotrail runs to/from Glasgow (£12.40, 2¼ hours, two to seven trains daily); it may be necessary to change at Ayr. #### WORTH A TRIP ### CORSEWALL LIGHTHOUSE HOTEL oCorsewall Lighthouse HotelHOTEL ( %01776-853220; www.lighthousehotel.co.uk; s/d from £170/190; p W) It's just you and the cruel sea out here at this fabulously romantic 200-year-old lighthouse. On a sunny day, the water shimmers with light, and you can see Ireland, Kintyre, Arran, and Ailsa Craig. But when wind and rain beat in, it's just great to be cosily holed up in the bar-restaurant or snuggling under the covers in your room. ### Portpatrick Population 500 Portpatrick is a charming harbour village on the rugged west coast of the Rhinns of Galloway peninsula; it's the starting or finishing point for the **Southern Upland Way**. You can follow part of the way to Stranraer (9 miles). It's a clifftop walk, with sections of farmland and hea­ther moor. 4Sleeping & Eating Harbour House HotelINN ( %01776-810456; www.theharbourhousehotel.co.uk; 53 Main St; s/d £60/100; W #) Formerly the customs house, this is now a popular, solid old pub. Some of the tastefully furnished, recently refurbished rooms have brilliant views over the harbour. The hotel is also a warm nook for a traditional bar meal (mains £8 to £10). oKnockinaam LodgeHOTEL ( %01776-810471; www.knockinaamlodge.com; dinner, bed & breakfast s £200-310, d £320-420; p W #) For a real dose of luxury, head 3 miles southeast to this former hunting lodge in a dramatic, secluded location with grassy lawns rolling down to a sandy cove. It's where Churchill plotted the endgame of WWII – you can stay in his suite – and it's a very romantic place to get away from it all. The excellent French-influenced cuisine (lunch/dinner £40/65) is backed up by a great range of wines and single malts, and breakfast features homemade jams. oCampbell'sSEAFOOD ( %01776-810314; www.campbellsrestaurant.co.uk; 1 South Crescent; mains £11-18; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-9pm Tue-Sun) Fresh local seafood is the stock-in-trade of this unprepossessing local favourite, and they do it very well. Ask for whatever is good that day and enjoy the flavour burst of locally caught fish or shellfish. 8Getting There & Away Bus 367 runs to Stranraer (20 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, three times Sunday). # Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland #### Stirling #### The Trossachs #### Loch Lomond & Around #### Inveraray #### Kilmartin Glen #### Kintyre #### Isle of Arran #### Isle of Islay #### Isle of Jura #### Oban #### Isle of Mull #### Isle of Iona #### St Andrews #### East Neuk #### Falkland #### Dunfermline #### Culross #### Perth #### Dundee #### Arbroath #### Aberdeen #### Around Aberdeen #### Moray # Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland ### Why Go? Covering everything from the green pastures of the northeast to the ferry port of Oban, from urban Dundee to the far Mull of Kintyre, this chapter's title is less a geographical region than a catch-all term for everything between the Lowlands and the northern Highlands. Anything you ever dreamed about Scotland can be found here: lochs aplenty, from romantic Lomond to the picturesque Trossachs; castles, ranging from royal Glamis to noble Stirling; whiskies, from the honeyed lotharios of Speyside to the peaty clan chiefs of Islay; and islands, from brooding, deer-studded Jura to emerald Iona, birthplace of Scottish Christianity. The active are well catered for, with a welter of hills to climb and some of Britain's best long-distance trails to hike. Cyclists and walkers are spoiled for choice, with scenery ranging from the plains of Stirling to the rugged Argyll hills; from the fishing hamlets of Fife to the epic landscapes of Mull. ### When to Go AIf the weather is kind, May is a magical time for exploring Loch Lomond and the Trossachs before the summer crowds arrive. AAugust is the best month of the year for whale-watching off the west coast. AIn September there's the Spirit of Speyside whisky and music festival in Dufftown. ### Best Places to Eat * Café Fish * Breizh * Cellar Restaurant ASeafood Temple * Café 52 ### Best Places to Stay * Old Manse Guest House AMonachyle Mhor * George Hotel * Argyll Hotel * Globe Inn ## Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland Highlights 1 Exploring the lovely lochscapes and accessible walking and cycling routes of the Trossachs. 2 Pacing through the historic birthplace of golf, St Andrews, to play the famous Old Course. 3 Admiring the views from magnificent Stirling Castle, overlooking ancient independence battlefields. 4 Scoffing at critics of British cuisine as you sample the super seafood in Tobermory, Oban or Loch Fyne. 5 Strolling the verdant Speyside Way and sauntering into distilleries for a sly dram along the way. 6 Unwinding totally on delightful tiny **Iona** , holy island and tomb of Scottish kings. 7 Experiencing the astonishing hospitality of **Islay** , whisky and bird paradise and Scotland's friendliest island. 8 Strutting with peacocks at noble Scone Palace, where Scottish kings were once crowned. 2Activities Cycling Long-distance routes include much of the northern section of the 214-mile **Lochs & Glens Cycle Way** (NCN route 7). Starting in Glasgow, it winds its way through the region's heart via Pitlochry to Inverness, and includes some wonderful traffic-free sections in the Trossachs and Cairngorms. **NCN route 77** crosses picturesque Perthshire heading west from Dundee to Pitlochry (54 miles). **NCN route 78** is a 120-mile ride between Oban and Campbeltown, while part of **NCN route 1** bisects Fife then follows the coast to Dundee, Aberdeen and on to Inverness. Browse www.sustrans.org.uk for details and maps of these routes. For shorter rides, the Trossachs and the islands of Islay and Mull are ideal for a day or more's exploration by bike; cycle hire is available. A great two-week tour could start by circling Arran. From here, take a ferry to the Kintyre Peninsula and loop down to Campbeltown. Then cross to Islay and Jura, timing your trip so you can take the Wednesday-only ferry from Islay to Oban and crossing by ferry to Mull. From Mull, you can cross to remote Kilchoan, and head north to Mallaig. Fife takes cycling very seriously, and produces several maps and leaflets detailing cycle routes in this area (www.fifedirect.org.uk/cycleways). There are only a few steep hills here, and the country roads are fairly quiet. Check out <http://active.visitscotland.com> for more details and further routes in the region. Walking One of Britain's best-known long-distance walks, the West Highland Way (www.west-highland-way.co.uk), starts just outside Glasgow and finishes at Fort William. It covers 96 miles through mountains and glens via Loch Lomond and Rannoch Moor. The route begins in the Lowlands but the greater part of the trail is among the mountains, lochs and fast-flowing rivers of the western Highlands. After following the eastern shore of Loch Lomond and passing Crianlarich and Tyndrum, the route crosses the vast wilderness of Rannoch Moor and reaches Fort William via Glen Nevis, in the shadow of Britain's highest peak, Ben Nevis. The path is easy to follow, making use of old drovers' roads (along which Highland cattle were once driven to Lowland markets), an old military road (built by troops to help subdue the Highlands in the 18th century) and disused railway lines. Best done from south to north, the walk takes about six or seven days, and is completed by about 30,000 hikers each year. The 66-mile Speyside Way (www.speysideway.org) is a picturesque route running from Buckie on the northeast coast, through lush green whisky country, and finishing at Aviemore in the Cairngorms (or vice versa). Much of the route is along a peaceful disused railway line well away from traffic. Both of these routes have baggage-carrying services available. 8Getting Around Boat Most ferries to the west-coast islands are run by CalMac (CalMac; %0800 066 5000; www.calmac.co.uk). Car space on busier routes should be reserved by phone ahead of your trip. If you plan to island-hop, you'll save money with an Island Hopscotch ticket, which offers 30 combinations that can save you more than 20% off the normal fares. Island Rover Passes (passengers £55/79, vehicles £259/388 , valid for 8 or 15 consecutive days) (valid for 8 or 15 consecutive days) cover the whole system and are good value if you want to see a lot of islands fast. Bicycles travel free on this pass. Bus Citylink ( %0871 266 33 33; www.citylink.co.uk) is the major intercity bus operator. Most local bus transport is operated by Stagecoach. Train Scotrail ( %08457 55 00 33; www.scotrail.co.uk) runs three north–south lines, including the spectacular West Highland line, running from Glasgow to Fort William with a branch to Oban. Another line runs from Glasgow and Edinburgh (via Stirling) to Perth, Pitlochry and Inverness; the third line goes from Perth to Dundee and Aberdeen, then northwest via Elgin to Inverness. Fife also has a rail network. See individual towns for transport details. The **Central Scotland Rover** pass allows unlimited travel (for three days out of seven) between Edinburgh and Glasgow and the Fife and Stirling areas. It costs £36.30 and is available from all train stations. Similarly, the **Highland Rover** pass (£81.50) allows travel on four days out of eight and includes Oban, Aberdeen and buses on Mull. ## Stirling Region Covering Scotland's wasplike waist, this region has always been a crucial strategic point dividing the Lowlands from the Highlands. For this reason, Scotland's two most important independence battles were fought here, within sight of Stirling's hilltop stronghold. Separated by 17 years, William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge, followed by Robert Bruce's triumph at Bannockburn, established Scottish nationhood. The region remains a source of much national pride. Stirling's Old Town perches on a spectacular crag, and the castle is among Britain's most fascinating. Within easy reach, the dreamy Trossachs, home to Rob Roy and inspiration to Walter Scott, offer great walking and cycling in the eastern half of Scotland's first national park. 8Getting Around Trains service Stirling but not the rest of the region, so you'll be relying on buses if you don't have your own transport. First ( %01324-602200; www.firstgroup.com) is the main operator. ### Stirling Population 36,150 With a supremely defensible position atop a mighty wooded crag (the plug of an extinct volcano), Stirling's beautifully preserved Old Town is a treasure-trove of noble buildings and cobbled streets winding up to the ramparts of its dominant castle, which offer views for miles around. Clearly visible is the brooding Wallace Monument, a strange Victorian Gothic creation honouring the legendary freedom fighter of _Braveheart_ fame. Nearby is Bannockburn, scene of Robert the Bruce's major triumph over the English. The castle makes a fascinating visit, but make sure you spend time exploring the Old Town and the picturesque path that encircles it. Near the castle are a couple of snug pubs in which to toast Scotland's hoary heroes. Below the Old Town, retail-minded modern Stirling doesn't offer the same appeal; stick to the high ground as much as possible and you'll love the place. Stirling 1Top Sights 1Stirling CastleA2 1Sights 2Argyll's LodgingB2 3Beheading StoneB1 4Church of the Holy RudeB3 5Cowane's HospitalB3 6Mar's WarkB3 7Mercat CrossB3 8Museum of the Argyll & Sutherland HighlandersA2 9TolboothB3 4Sleeping 10Forth Guest HouseD2 11SruighleaC4 12Stirling SYHAB3 13Victoria Square GuesthouseB4 14Willy Wallace Backpackers HostelC3 5Eating 15BreáC4 16Darnley Coffee HouseC3 17Hermann'sB3 18Mamma MiaC3 19PortcullisB2 6Drinking & Nightlife 20Settle InnB2 7Shopping 21Stirling BagpipesB3 1Sights oStirling CastleCASTLE (HS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stirlingcastle.gov.uk; adult/child £14/7.50; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct-Mar) Hold Stirling and you control Scotland. This maxim has ensured that a fortress of some kind has existed here since prehistoric times. You cannot help drawing parallels with Edinburgh Castle, but many find Stirling's fortress more atmospheric – the location, architecture, historical significance and commanding views combine to make it a grand and memorable sight. It's best to visit in the afternoon; many tourists come on day trips, so you may have the castle almost to yourself by about 4pm. The current castle dates from the late 14th to the 16th century, when it was a residence of the Stuart monarchs. The undisputed highlight of a visit is the fabulous, recently restored **Royal Palace**. The idea was that it should look brand new, just as when it was constructed by French masons under the orders of James V in the mid-16th century with the aim of impressing his new (also French) bride and other crowned heads of Europe. The suite of six rooms – three for the king, three for the queen – is a sumptuous riot of colour. Particularly notable are the fine fireplaces, the **Stirling Heads** (modern reproductions of painted oak discs in the ceiling of the king's audience chamber) and the fabulous series of **tap­estries** that have been painstakingly woven over many years. Based on originals in New York's Metropolitan Museum, they depict the hunting of a unicorn, an event ripe with Christian metaphor, and are breathtakingly beautiful. Don't miss the palace exterior, studded with beautiful sculptures, or the **Stirling Heads Gallery** above the royal chambers. This displays the original carved oak roundels that decorated the king's audience chamber – a real rogue's gallery of royals, courtiers and classical personalities. In the vaults beneath the palace is a kid-friendly **exhibition** on various aspects of castle life. The other buildings surrounding the main castle courtyard are the vast **Great Hall** , built by James IV; the **Royal Chapel** , remodelled in the early 17th century by James VI and with the colourful original mural painting intact; and the King's Old Building. This is now home to the Museum of the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; donations encouraged), which traces the history of this famous regiment from 1794, including its famous defensive action in the Battle of Balaclava in 1854. Make sure you read the moving letters from the World Wars. Other displays include the **Great Kitchens** , bringing to life the bustle and scale of the enterprise of cooking for the king and, near the entrance, the **Castle Exhibition** , which gives good background information on the Stuart kings and updates on current archaeological investigations. The magnificent vistas from the ramparts are stirring. Admission includes an audioguide, and free guided tours leave regularly from near the entrance. Tours also run to **Argyll's Lodging** , at the top of Castle Wynd. Complete with turrets, this spectacular lodge is Scotland's most impressive 17th-century town house. It's the former home of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling and noted literary figure. It has been tastefully restored and gives an insight into lavish, 17th-century aristocratic life. There are four or five tours daily (you can't enter by other means). Old TownHISTORIC SITE Sloping steeply down from Stirling Castle, the Old Town has a remarkably different feel to modern Stirling, its cobblestone streets packed with 15th- to 17th-century architectural gems, and surrounded by Scotland's best-surviving town wall. Its growth began when Stirling became a royal burgh (about 1124), and in the 15th and 16th centuries rich merchants built their houses here. Stirling's **town wall** was built around 1547 when Henry VIII of England began the 'Rough Wooing' – attacking the town in order to force Mary, Queen of Scots to marry his son so the two kingdoms could be united. The wall can be explored on the **Back Walk** , which follows the line of the wall from Dumbarton Rd to the castle. You pass the town cemeteries (check out the **Star Pyramid** , an outsized affirmation of Reformation values dating from 1863), then continue around the back of the castle to Gowan Hill, where you can see the Beheading Stone ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), now encased in iron bars to prevent contemporary use. Mar's Wark ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), on Castle Wynd at the head of the Old Town, is the ornate facade of a Renaissance town house commissioned in 1569 by the wealthy Earl of Mar, regent of Scotland during James VI's minority. The Church of the Holy Rude ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.holyrude.org; St John St; suggested donation £2; h11am-4pm Easter & May-Sep) has been the town's parish church for 600 years and James VI was crowned here in 1567. The nave and tower date from 1456, and the church has one of the few surviving medieval open-timber roofs. Stunning stained-glass windows and huge stone pillars create a powerful effect. Behind the church is Cowane's Hospital ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cowanes.org.uk; 49 St John St; h10.30am-4.30pm May-Oct, 10.30am-5pm Tue-Sun Nov-Apr), built as an almshouse in 1637 by the merchant John Cowane. The high vaulted hall was much modified in the 19th century. The Mercat Cross ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), in Broad St, is topped with a unicorn (known as 'The Puggie') and was once surrounded by a bustling market. Nearby is the Tolbooth ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), built in 1705 as the town's administrative centre and now an arts venue, and Stirling Bagpipes ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-448886; www.stirlingbagpipes.com; 8 Broad St; h10am-6pm Mon, Tue & Thu-Sat), a combined shop and workshop that also houses a collection of antique bagpipes and piping paraphernalia. The place is a focus for local pipers, and sells books and CDs of pipe music. National Wallace MonumentMONUMENT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nationalwallacemonument.com; adult/child £9.50/5.90; h10am-5pm Apr-Jun, Sep & Oct, to 6pm Jul & Aug, 10.30am-4pm Nov-Mar) Perched high on a crag above the floodplain of the River Forth, this Victorian monument is so Gothic it deserves circling bats and croaking ravens. In the shape of a medieval tower, it commemorates William Wallace, the hero of the bid for Scottish independence depicted in the film _Braveheart_. The view from the top over the flat, green gorgeousness of the Forth Valley, including the site of Wallace's 1297 victory over the English at Stirling Bridge, almost justifies the steep entry fee. The climb up the narrow staircase inside leads through a series of galleries including the Hall of Heroes, a marble pantheon of lugubrious Scottish luminaries. Admire Wallace's 66 inches of broadsword and see the man himself re-created in a 3-D audiovisual display. Buses 62 and 63 run from Murray Pl in Stirling to the visitor centre; otherwise it's a half-hour walk from central Stirling. From the visitor centre, walk or shuttle-bus up the hill to the building itself. There's a cafe here. BannockburnHISTORIC SITE Though William Wallace's heroics were significant, it was Robert the Bruce's defeat of the English on 24 June 1314 at Bannockburn that finally established a lasting Scottish nation. Exploiting the marshy ground, Bruce won a great tactical victory against a much larger and better-equipped force (the Scots were outnumbered by two or three to one), and, in the words of the popular song 'The Flower of Scotland', sent Edward II 'homeward, tae think again' (Roy Williamson, The Corries (Music) Ltd, by permission). The problem with 700-year-old battlefields is that there isn't much left to see today. There has been much debate over exactly where the main battle took place, but it was somewhere on what is now the southern edge of Stirling's urban sprawl – the Bannockburn Heritage Centre (NTS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; battleofbannockburn.com; Glasgow Rd; adult/child/family £11/8/30; h10am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Feb) looks for all the world like a 1970s community centre set in suburban parkland. Reopened after a major refurbishment in time for the 700th anniversary of the battle, the centre uses animated films, 3D imagery and interactive technology in an attempt to bring the battle to life – great fun for kids, a little naff for history buffs. The highlight is a digital projection of the battlefield onto a 3D landscape that shows the progress of the battle and the movements of infantry and cavalry. Outside, the 'battlefield' itself is no more than an expanse of neatly trimmed grass, crowned with a circular monument inscribed with a poem by Kathleen Jamie, and a Victorian statue of the victor astride his horse. Bannockburn is 2 miles south of Stirling; you can reach it on First bus 24 or 54 from Stirling bus station (£1.80, 10 minutes, three per hour). 4Sleeping NeidpathB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-469017; www.neidpath-stirling.co.uk; 24 Linden Ave; s/d/f from £40/60/70; p W) Offering excellent value and a genuine welcome, this fine choice is easily accessed by car. A particularly appealing front room is one of three excellent modernised bedrooms with fridges and good bathrooms. The owners also run various self-catering options around town; see the website for details. Forth Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-471020; www.forthguesthouse.co.uk; 23 Forth Pl; s/d £55/60; p W) Just a couple of minutes' walk from town, on the other side of the railway, this elegant Georgian terrace offers attractive and stylish accommodation at a fair price. The rooms are very commodious, particularly the cute garret rooms with their coombed ceilings and modern bathrooms. Even cheaper in low season. SruighleaB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-471082; www.sruighlea.com; 27 King St; s/d £45/60; W) This place feels like a secret hideaway – there's no sign – but it's conveniently located smack bang in the centre of town. Staying here, you'll feel like a local, and there are eating and drinking places practically on the doorstep. It's a B&B that welcomes guests with the kind of warmth that keeps them returning. Willy Wallace Backpackers HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-446773; www.willywallacehostel.com; 77 Murray Pl; dm/tw £18/38; i W) This highly convenient central hostel is friendly, roomy and sociable. The colourful, spacious dormitories are clean and light, and it has free tea and coffee, a good kitchen and a laissez-faire atmosphere. Other amenities include bicycle hire, laundry service and free internet and wi-fi. Stirling SYHAHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-473442; www.syha.org.uk; St John St; dm/tw £21/55; p i W) This hostel has an unbeatable location and great facilities. Though its facade is that of a former church, the interior is modern and efficient. The dorms are compact but comfortable, with lockers and en suite bathrooms; other highlights include a pool table, a bike shed and, at busy times, cheap meals on offer. Lack of atmosphere can be the only problem. Castlecroft Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-474933; www.castlecroft-uk.com; Ballengeich Rd; s/d £50/65; p i W) Nestling into the hillside under the back of the castle, this great hideaway feels like a rural retreat but is a short, spectacular walk from the heart of Stirling. The lounge and deck area enjoy views over green fields to the nearby hills, the rooms have excellent modern bathrooms and the welcome couldn't be more hospitable. Breakfast features homemade bread, among other delights. Victoria Square GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-473920; www.victoriasquareguesthouse.com; 12 Victoria Sq; s/d £70/105; W) Though close to the centre of town, Victoria Sq is a quiet oasis with elegant Victorian buildings surrounding a verdant swath of lawn. This luxury guesthouse's huge rooms, bay windows and period features make it a winner – there's a great four-poster room for romantic getaways, and some bedrooms have views to the castle towering above. No children. Linden Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-448850; www.lindenguesthouse.co.uk; 22 Linden Ave; d £65-80, f £90-150; p i W) The warm welcome and easy parking here offer understandable appeal. The rooms, two of which are great for families, have fridges and posh TVs with DVD and iPod dock, and the gleaming bathrooms could feature in ads for cleaning products. Breakfast features fresh fruit and kippers, among other choices. 5Eating & Drinking Darnley Coffee HouseCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-474468; www.facebook.com/DarnleyCoffeeHouse; 18 Bow St; mains £3-5; h11am-4pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun) Just down the hill from Stirling Castle, this is a good pit stop for home-baked goods, soup and speciality coffees during a walk around the Old Town. The cafe is in the vaulted cellars of a 16th-century house where Darnley, lover and later husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, once stayed while visiting her. BreáCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.breastirling.com; 5 Baker St; mains £9-18; h10am-9.30pm Tue-Sun; c) S Bringing a bohemian touch to central Stirling, this busy bistro has pared-back contemporary decor and a short menu showcasing carefully sourced Scottish produce, including Brewdog beers. Best in show is perhaps the pork burger with apple and black pudding – a huge thing served with homemade bread. Hermann'sAUSTRIAN, SCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-450632; www.hermanns.co.uk; 58 Broad St; 3-course lunch/dinner £13/22, mains £12-23; hnoon-3pm & 6-10pm; v) This elegant Scottish-Austrian restaurant is a reliable and popular choice. The solid, conservative decor is oddly offset by magazine-spread skiing photos, but the food doesn't miss a beat and ranges from Scottish favourites to gourmet schnitzel and _spätzle_ noodles. Vegetarian options are good, and quality Austrian wines provide an out-of-the-ordinary accompaniment. Mamma MiaITALIAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mammamiastirling.co.uk; 52 Spittal St; mains £10-17; hnoon-3pm Tue-Sat, 5-10pm Mon-Sat) This Old Town split-level favourite has a short menu of southern Italian cuisine augmented by weekly specials, which are definitely worth going for. It shows a sure touch with sea bass and Scottish steaks alike, though it's hard not to feel the pasta dishes are a mite overpriced. PortcullisPUB FOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-472290; www.theportcullishotel.com; Castle Wynd; bar meals £9-13; hfood noon-3.30pm & 5.30-9pm; W) Built in stone as solid as the castle that it stands below, this former school is just the spot for a pint and a pub lunch after your castle visit. With bar meals that would have had even William Wallace loosening his belt a couple of notches, a little beer garden and a cosy buzz indoors, it's well worth a visit. Settle InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-474609; 91 St Mary's Wynd; h11am-11pm; W) A warm welcome is guaranteed at Stirling's oldest pub (1733), a spot redolent with atmosphere, what with its log fire, vaulted back room and low-slung ceilings. Guest ales, atmospheric nooks for settling in for the night and a blend of local characters make it a classic of its kind. 8Information Stirling Community HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-434000; www.nhsforthvalley.com; Livilands Rd) South of the town centre; has a minor injuries unit. Nearest emergency department is Forth Valley Royal Hospital in Larbert, 9 miles southeast of Stirling. Stirling Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01786-475019; www.visitstirling.org; Old Town Jail, St John St; h10am-5pm) Accommodation booking, internet access. 8Getting There & Away Bus The bus station is on Goosecroft Rd. Citylink offers a number of services to/from Stirling: A **Dundee** £14, 1¾ hours, hourly A **Edinburgh** £8, one hour, hourly A **Glasgow** £7.50, 40 minutes, hourly A **Perth** £9, 50 minutes, at least hourly Some buses continue to Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William; more frequently a change will be required. Train First ScotRail (www.scotrail.co.uk) has services to/from a number of destinations, including the following: A **Aberdeen** £32, 2¼ hours, hourly weekdays, every two hours Sunday A **Dundee** £14, one hour, hourly weekdays, every two hours Sunday A **Edinburgh** £8.30, one hour, twice hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday A **Glasgow** £8.60, 50 minutes, twice hourly Monday to Saturday, hourly Sunday A **Perth** £12.60, 30 minutes, hourly weekdays, every two hours Sunday ### The Trossachs The Trossachs region has long been a favourite weekend getaway, offering outstanding natural beauty and excellent walking and cycling routes within easy reach of the southern population centres. With thickly forested hills, romantic lochs, national-park status and an interesting selection of places to stay and eat, its popularity is sure to continue. The Trossachs first gained popularity in the early 19th century, when curious visitors came from across Britain, drawn by the romantic language of Walter Scott's poem _Lady of the Lake_ , inspired by Loch Katrine, and _Rob Roy_ , about the derring-do of the region's most famous son. In summer the Trossachs can be overburdened with coach tours, but many of these are daytrippers − peaceful, long evenings gazing at the reflections in the nearest loch are still possible. If you can, it's worth timing your visit not to coincide with a weekend. #### Aberfoyle & Around Crawling with visitors on most weekends and dominated by a huge car park, little Aberfoyle is easily overwhelmed by daytrippers. Instead of staying here, we recommend Callander or other Trossachs towns. Half a mile north of Aberfoyle on the A821 is the David Marshall Lodge Visitor Centre (David Marshall Lodge; www.forestry.gov.uk; car park £1-3; h10am-4pm Nov-Mar, to 5pm Apr-Jun, Sep & Oct, to 6pm Jul & Aug) in the **Queen Elizabeth Forest Park** , which has info about the many walks and cycle routes in and around the park. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) has a display here on local bird life, the highlight being a live video link to the resident osprey family. The visitor centre is worth visiting solely for the views. Three miles east is the **Lake of Menteith** (called lake, rather than loch, due to a mistranslation from Gaelic). A ferry takes visitors to the substantial ruins of Inchmahome Priory (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child incl ferry £5.50/3.30; h10am-5pm Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Oct, last ferry to island 1hr before closing). Mary, Queen of Scots was kept safe here as a child during Henry VIII's 'Rough Wooing'. Henry attacked Stirling in an attempt to force Mary to marry his son so that the kingdoms could be united. 2Activities Several picturesque but busy waymarked **trails** start from the David Marshall Lodge Visitor Centre in the forest park. These range from an easy 20-minute stroll (to a nearby waterfall) to a hilly 4-mile circuit. Also here, Go Ape! ( %0845-519-3023; www.goape.co.uk; adult/child £30/24; hSat & Sun Nov & Feb-Easter, Wed-Mon Easter-Oct) will bring out the monkey in you on its exhilarating adventure course of long ziplines, swings and rope bridges through the forest. An excellent 20-mile circular **cycle route** links with the boat at Loch Katrine. From Aberfoyle, join the Lochs & Glens Cycle Way on the forest trail, or take the A821 over Duke's Pass. Following the southern shore of Loch Achray, you reach the pier on Loch Katrine. The ferry can take you to Stronachlachar (one way with bike £16) on the western shore, from where you can follow the beautiful B829 via Loch Ard back to Aberfoyle. 4Sleeping & Eating Forth InnPUB FOOD ( %01877-382372; www.forthinn.com; Main St, Aberfoyle; mains £8-12; hnoon-5.30pm & 6-8.30pm; p W c #) In the middle of the village, locals and visitors alike queue up here for good, honest pub fare: the best bar meal in Aberfoyle. It has a top selection of Scottish craft beers on tap and drinkers spilling outside into the sunny courtyard. Single (£60) and double (£80 to £90) rooms are available, but they can be noisy at weekends. 8Information Aberfoyle Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01877-382352; www.visitscottishheartlands.com; Main St, Aberfoyle; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Mar; W) Large office with good selection of walking information. 8Getting There & Away First (www.firstgroup.com) has six daily buses (Monday to Saturday) from Stirling (£4.60, 40 minutes). ### TROSSACHS TRANSPORT In a bid to cut public transport costs, 'Demand Responsive Transport' (DRT) now covers the Trossachs area. Sounds complex, but basically it means you get a taxi to where you want to go, for the price of a bus. There are various zones. Taxis should preferably be booked 24 hours in advance; call 01877-330496. A cab between Callander and Aberfoyle, for example, costs £5. #### Callander Population 3100 Callander, the principal Trossachs town, has been pulling in tourists for over 150 years, and has a laid-back ambience along its main thoroughfare that quickly lulls visitors into lazy pottering. There's an excellent array of accommodation options here. The Trossachs is a lovely area to cycle around. The excellent Wheels Cycling Centre ( %01877-331100; www.wheelscyclingcentre.com; bike per hr/day/week from £8/20/90; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct) has a wide range of hire bikes. 4Sleeping White ShuttersB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-330442; www.incallander.co.uk/whiteshutters.htm; 6 South Church St; s/d £26/46; W) A cute little house just off the main street, White Shutters offers pleasing rooms with shared bathroom and a friendly welcome. The large double is particularly appealing, but it's all clean and comfortable and offers exceptional value. Callander HostelHOSTEL ( %01877-330141; www.callanderhostel.co.uk; 6 Bridgend; dm/d £23/70; p W) S This hostel in a mock-Tudor building run by a youth project has well-furnished dorms and a welcoming and enthusiastic, if not wholly professional, attitude. Arden HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-339405; www.ardenhouse.org.uk; Bracklinn Rd; s from £70, d £85-100; hMar-Oct; p W) This elegant home has a fabulous hillside location with verdant garden and lovely vistas; it's close to the centre but far from the crowds. The commodious rooms are impeccable, with lots of natural light. They include large upstairs doubles with great views. Welcoming owners, noble architectural features – super bay windows – and a self-catering studio make this a top option. Abbotsford LodgeHOTEL ( %01877-330066; www.abbotsfordlodge.com; Stirling Rd; s/d £65/85; hMar-Nov; p W) This friendly Victorian house offers something different to the norm, with tartan and florals consigned to the bonfire, replaced by stylish, comfortable contemporary design that enhances the building's original features. There are fabulous, spacious superiors with modish grey fabrics (from £125) as well as cheaper top-floor rooms – shared bathroom – with lovably offbeat under-roof shapes. Room-only rates are available. Roslin CottageB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-339787; www.roslincottage.co.uk; Stirling Rd; s £40, d £55-65; p W) A characterful cottage that's a haven of good hospitality holds three snug en suite rooms that make an enticing Trossachs base. They all have charm: we love the Kirtle room with the original 17th-century wall exposed. Other delights include a lovely big back garden, a log fire in the lounge and sociable chef-cooked breakfasts. It's on the right as you enter Callander from the east, before the petrol station. oRoman Camp HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-330003; www.romancamphotel.co.uk; Main St; s/d/superior £110/160/210; p W #) Callander's best hotel is centrally located but feels rural, set by the river in beautiful grounds. Endearing features include a lounge with blazing fire and a library with a tiny secret chapel. It's an old-fashioned warren of a place with four grades of room; standards are certainly luxurious, but superiors are even more appealing, with period furniture, excellent bathrooms, armchairs and fireplace. The upmarket restaurant is open to the public. Reassuringly, the name refers not to toga parties but to a ruin in the adjacent fields. 5Eating & Drinking oCallander MeadowsSCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-330181; www.callandermeadows.co.uk; 24 Main St; lunch £10, mains £12-16; h9am-9pm Thu-Sun; W) Informal but smart, this well-loved restaurant in the centre of Callander occupies the two front rooms of a house on the main street. There's a contemporary flair for presentation and unusual flavour combinations, but a solidly British base underpins the cuisine. There's a great beer/coffee garden out the back, where you can also eat. Opens daily from June to September. Mhor FishSEAFOOD ( %01877-330213; www.mhor.net; 75 Main St; mains £7-16; hnoon-9pm Tue-Sun) S This simply decorated spot, with formica tables and a hodge-podge of chairs, sources brilliant sustainable seafood. Browse the fresh catch then eat it pan-seared in the dining area accompanied by a decent wine selection, or fried and wrapped in paper with chips to take away. It's all great – calamari and oysters are wonderfully toothsome starters. Lade InnPUB (www.theladeinn.com; Kilmahog; hnoon-11pm Mon-Thu, noon-1am Fri & Sat, 12.30-10.30pm Sun; W c) Callander's best pub isn't in Callander − it's a mile west of town. They pull a good pint (with their own real ales) and, next door, they have a shop with a dazzling selection of Scottish beers. There's low-key live music here at weekends. The food (noon to 9pm, from 12.30pm Sunday; mains £9 to £12) at last visit was overpriced and mediocre. 8Information Callander Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-330342; www.lochlomond-trossachs.org; 52 Main St; h9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, to 4pm Nov-Mar; W) Very helpful for information on the region and national park. 8Getting There & Away First ( %0871 200 2233; www.firstgroup.com) operates buses from Stirling (£5.20, 45 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, every two hours Sunday), while Kingshouse ( %01877-384768; www.kingshousetravel.com) buses run from Killin (£5.70, 45 minutes, five to six Monday to Saturday). For Aberfoyle, use DRT (Click here) or get off a Stirling-bound bus at Blair Drummond safari park and cross the road. There are also Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) buses via Callander from Edinburgh (£16.20, 1¾ hours, two daily mid-May to mid-October) to Oban (£21.30, 2¼ hours) or Fort William (£23.20, 2½ hours). #### Loch Katrine This rugged area, 7 miles north of Aberfoyle and 10 miles west of Callander, is the heart of the Trossachs. From April to October two boats ( %01877-376315; www.lochkatrine.com; Trossachs Pier; 1hr cruise adult/child £13/8; hEaster-Oct) run cruises from Trossachs Pier at the eastern tip of Loch Katrine. One of these is the fabulous centenarian steamship _Sir Walter Scott_ ; check the website departures, as it's worth coinciding with this veteran if you can. It runs various one-hour afternoon sailings, and at 10.30am (plus additional summer departures) there's a departure to Stronachlachar at the other end of the loch before returning (single/return adult £13/15.50, child £8/9.50, two hours return). From Stronachlachar (also accessible by car via a 12-mile road from Aberfoyle), you can reach the eastern shore of Loch Lomond at isolated Inversnaid. A tarmac path links Trossachs Pier with Stronachlachar, so you can take the boat out and walk/cycle back (14 miles). At Trossachs Pier Katrinewheelz ( %01877-376366; www.katrinewheelz.co.uk; hire per half-/full day from £15/20; h9am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-3pm Sat & Sun Nov, Dec, Feb & Mar) hires out good bikes and even electric buggies. Bring a picnic; the cafe is mediocre. #### Killin Population 800 A fine base for the Trossachs or Perthshire, this lovely village sits at the western end of Loch Tay and has a spread-out, relaxed sort of feel, particularly around the scenic **Falls of Dochart** , which tumble through the town centre. On a sunny day people sprawl over the rocks by the bridge, with a pint or picnic in hand. Killin offers some fine walking around the town, and mighty mountains and glens close at hand. 2Activities Five miles northeast of Killin, **Ben Lawers** rises above Loch Tay. Other routes abound; one rewarding **circular walk** heads up into the Acharn forest south of town, emerging above the treeline to great views of Loch Tay and Ben Lawers. Killin Outdoor Centre offers walking advice. Killin is on the Lochs & Glens cycle route from Glasgow to Inverness. Hire bikes at Killin Outdoor Centre ( %01567-820652; www.killinoutdoor.co.uk; Main St; 24hr bike £25, 2hr kayak/canoe £25/30; h8.45am-5.45pm). It also rents out canoes and kayaks. #### WORTH A TRIP ### MONACHYLE MHOR oMonachyle MhorHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01877-384622; www.mhor.net; d £195-265; hFeb-Dec; p W #) S Monachyle Mhor is a luxury hideaway with a fantastically peaceful location overlooking two lochs. It's a great fusion of country Scotland and contemporary attitudes to design and food. The rooms are superb and feature quirkily original decor, particularly the fabulous 'feature rooms'; you might get your own steam room or a wonderful double bathtub. The restaurant serves soup-and-sandwich deals, delicious lunches and five-course dinners (£50), which are high in quality, sustainably sourced and deliciously innovative. Enchantment lies in its successful combination of top-class hospitality with a relaxed rural atmosphere; dogs and kids happily romp on the lawns, and no one looks askance if you come in flushed and muddy after a day's fishing or walking. Enchantment lies in its successful combination of top-class hospitality with a relaxed rural atmosphere; dogs and kids happily romp on the lawns, and no-one looks askance if you come in flushed and muddy after a day's fishing or walking. 4Sleeping & Eating There are numerous good guesthouses strung along the road through town, and a couple of supermarkets for trail supplies. High CreaganCAMPSITE ( %01567-820449; www.highcreagan.co.uk; Aberfeldy Rd; per person tent/caravan sites £5/8; hApr-Oct; p #) This place has a well-kept, sheltered campsite with plenty of grass, set high on the slopes overlooking sparkling Loch Tay, 3 miles east of Killin. Kids under five aren't allowed in the tent area (for insurance reasons) as there's a stream running through it. Falls of Dochart InnPUB FOOD ( %01567-820270; www.falls-of-dochart-inn.co.uk; mains £11-14; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm Mon-Thu, to 9.30pm Fri, noon-9.30pm Sat, noon-8.30pm Sun; p W) In a prime position overlooking the falls, this is a terrific pub, a snug, atmospheric space with a roaring fire, real ales, personable service and decent pub grub, with some Asian flavours adding a dimension to tasty staples and daily specials. The rooms (singles/doubles from £60/80) are handsome, but a few glitches like poor heating let some of them down. The outside tables are great spots on a sunny day. 8Getting There & Away Two daily Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) buses between Edinburgh (£20.70, 2¼ hours) and Crianlarich/Oban/Fort William stop here; two buses from Dundee to Oban also pass through. Kingshouse runs five to six buses Monday to Saturday to Callander, where you can change for Stirling. A summer bus (www.breadalbane.org; hTue, Wed & Sun Jun–mid-Oct, plus Sat Jul-Aug) does a hop-on hop-off Breadalbane circuit, running to Ben Lawers, Kenmore, Aberfeldy, Crieff and back. ### ROB ROY Nicknamed Red ( _ruadh_ in Gaelic, anglicised to 'roy') for his ginger locks, Robert MacGregor (1671−1734) was the wild leader of the wildest of Scotland's clans, outlawed by powerful neighbours, hence their sobriquet, Children of the Mist. Incognito, Rob became a prosperous livestock trader, before a dodgy deal led to a warrant for his arrest. A legendary swordsman, the fugitive from justice then became notorious for daring raids into the Lowlands to carry off cattle and sheep. Forever hiding from potential captors, he was twice imprisoned, but escaped dramatically on both occasions. He finally turned himself in and received his liberty and a pardon from the king. He lies buried − perhaps − in the churchyard at Balquhidder; his uncompromising later epitaph reads 'MacGregor despite them'. His life has been glorified over the years due to Walter Scott's novel and the 1995 film. Many Scots see his life as a symbol of the struggle of the common folk against the inequitable ownership of vast tracts of the country by landed aristocrats. ## Argyll An ancient and disparate area, Argyll comprises a series of peninsulas and islands along Scotland's ragged southwestern coast, pierced by long sea lochs knifing their way into the hilly, moody landscape. Because of its dramatic geography, places such as the Mull of Kintyre – not so far from Glasgow as the crow flies – can seem impossibly remote. The islands offer great diversity. Romantic Mull is the gateway to sacred Iona, whereas cheery Islay reverberates with the names of the heavyweights of the whisky world and Jura's wild hillscapes show nature's ultimate mastery and majesty. Meanwhile, the banks of Loch Lomond, the oysters of Loch Fyne and the prehistoric sites of Kilmartin Glen, all within easy striking distance of Glasgow, mean the mainland has nothing to envy. ### Loch Lomond & Around The 'bonnie banks' and 'bonnie braes' of Loch Lomond have long been Glasgow's rural retreat – a scenic region of hills, lochs and healthy fresh air within easy reach of Scotland's largest city. Today the loch's popularity shows no sign of decreasing. The main tourist focus is along the A82 on the loch's western shore, and at the southern end, around Balloch, which can occasionally be a nightmare of jet skies and motorboats. The eastern shore, which is followed by the West Highland Way long-distance footpath, is a little quieter. The region's importance was recognised when it became the heart of Loch Lomond & the Trossachs National Park (www.lochlomond-trossachs.org), Scotland's first national park, created in 2002. 2Activities Walking The big walk around here is the West Highland Way, which runs along the eastern shore of the loch. There are shorter lochside walks at Firkin Point on the western shore and at several other places around the loch. Rowardennan is the starting point for an ascent of **Ben Lomond** (974m), a popular and relatively straightforward (if strenuous) five- to six-hour round trip. The route starts at the car park just past the Rowardennan Hotel. Boat Trips & Canoeing The main centre for boat trips is Balloch, where Sweeney's Cruises ( %01389-752376; www.sweeneyscruises.com; Balloch Rd, Balloch) offers a range of trips including a one-hour cruise to Inchmurrin and back (adult/child £8.50/5, departs hourly). Cruise Loch Lomond ( %01301-702356; www.cruiselochlomond.co.uk; Tarbet/Luss; h8.30am-5.30pm early Apr-late Oct) Based in Tarbet and offers trips to Inversnaid and Rob Roy MacGregor's Cave. You can also be dropped off at Rowardennan and picked up at Inversnaid after a 9-mile hike along the West Highland Way (£15). Can You Experience ( %01389-756251; www.canyouexperience.com; Loch Lomond Shores, Balloch; h9am-5.30pm Easter-Oct) Offers a huge range of activities on water and land from various bases around Loch Lomond. Hire mountain bikes (£13/17 per half/full day), canoes and kayaks, or take a full-day guided canoe safari (£50). 4Sleeping & Eating oRowardennan SYHAHOSTEL ( %01360-870259; www.syha.org.uk; Rowardennan; dm/tw £18/42; hlate Mar-early Oct; p W) Where the road ends on the eastern side of the loch, this is a wonderful retreat in an elegant ex-hunting lodge with lawns stretching right down to the water's edge. Whether you're walking the West Highland Way, climbing Ben Lomond or just putting your feet up, it's a great choice, with atmosphere, genial staff, and a huge lounge that has windows overlooking Loch Lomond. Cashel CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01360-870234; www.campingintheforest.co.uk; Rowardennan; sites £15-17, incl car £20-31; hMar-Oct; p #) The most attractive campsite in the area is 3 miles north of Balmaha, on the loch shore. Oak Tree InnINN ( %01360-870357; www.oak-tree-inn.co.uk; Balmaha; dm/s/d £30/50/85; p W) An attractive traditional inn built in slate and timber, this place offers bright modern guest bedrooms for pampered hikers, super-spacious superior chambers, self-catering cottages and two four-bed bunkrooms for hardier souls. The rustic restaurant brings locals, tourists and walkers together and dishes up hearty meals that cover lots of bases (mains £9 to £12, food noon to 9pm). There's lots of outdoor seating and they brew their own beers. oDrover's InnPUB FOOD ( %01301-704234; www.thedroversinn.co.uk; Ardlui; bar meals £8-12; h11.30am-10pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-9.30pm Sun; p W) This is one howff (drinking den) you shouldn't miss – a low-ceilinged place just north of Ardlui with smoke-blackened stone, barmen in kilts, and walls festooned with moth-eaten stags' heads and stuffed birds. The bar, where Rob Roy allegedly dropped by for pints, serves hearty hill-walking fuel and hosts live folk at weekends. We recommend this more as an atmospheric place to eat and drink than somewhere to stay. 8Information Balloch Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01389-753533; Balloch Rd, Balloch; h9.30am-6pm Jun-Aug, 10am-5pm Sep-May) Opposite Balloch train station. Balmaha National Park CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01389-722100; www.lochlomond-trossachs.org; Balmaha; h9.30am-4.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4pm Sat & Sun Oct-Mar) Has maps showing local walking routes. National Park Gateway CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01389-751035; www.lochlomondshores.com; Loch Lomond Shores, Balloch; h10am-6pm Apr-Sep, 10am-5pm Oct-Mar; W) Crowded information desk with shop and cafe. Tarbet Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01301-702260; Tarbet; h10am-4pm Easter & May-Sep) At the junction of the A82 and the A83. 8Getting There & Away Bus First Glasgow bus 1A runs from Argyle St in central Glasgow to Balloch (£4.50, 1½ hours, at least two per hour) and bus C8 to Drymen (£5.20, 1¼ hours, two daily). Scottish Citylink ( %0871 266-3333; www.citylink.co.uk) coaches from Glasgow stop at Luss (£8.50, 55 minutes, nine daily), Tarbet (£8.50, 65 minutes, nine daily) and Ardlui (£14.90, 1¼ hours, four daily). Train A **Glasgow to Balloch** £5.10, 45 minutes, every 30 minutes A **Glasgow to Arrochar & Tarbet** £11.40, 1¼ hours, three or four daily A **Glasgow to Ardlui** £14.90, 1½ hours, three or four daily, continuing to Oban and Fort William ### Inveraray Population 600 There's no 50 shades of grey around here: this historic planned village is all black and white – even logos of high street shops conform. Spectacularly set on the shores of Loch Fyne, Inveraray was built by the Duke of Argyll in Georgian style when he revamped his nearby castle in the 18th century. 1Sights Inveraray CastleCASTLE ( %01499-302203; www.inveraray-castle.com; adult/child £10/7, parking £2; h10am-5.45pm Apr-Oct) This visually stunning castle has been the seat of the Dukes of Argyll – chiefs of Clan Campbell – since the 15th century. The 18th-century building, with its fairytale turrets and fake battlements, houses an impressive armoury hall, its walls patterned with more than 1000 pole-arms, dirks, muskets and Lochaber axes. The castle is 500m north of town, entered from the A819 Dalmally road. Inveraray JailMUSEUM ( %01499-302381; www.inverarayjail.co.uk; Church Sq; adult/child £9.50/5.25; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Oct, 10am-5pm Nov-Mar; c) At this entertaining interactive tourist attraction you can sit in on a trial, try out a cell and discover the harsh tortures that were meted out to unfortunate prisoners. The attention to detail – including a life-sized model of an inmate squatting on a 19th-century toilet – more than makes up for the sometimes tedious commentary. 4Sleeping & Eating Inveraray HostelHOSTEL ( %01499-302454; www.inverarayhostel.co.uk; Dalmally Rd; dm £17-18; hApr-Oct; p W) To get to this hostel, housed in a comfortable, modern bungalow, go through the right-hand-side arched entrance (there are two) on the seafront. Metal bunk beds (rooms sleep only two or four) are comfortable, and there's a wee lounge and kitchen with plenty of stoves. George HotelHOTEL ( %01499-302111; www.thegeorgehotel.co.uk; Main St E; d £80-100; p W #) The George boasts a magnificent choice of opulent, individual rooms complete with four-poster beds, period furniture, Victorian roll-top baths and private Jacuzzis (superior rooms cost £145 to £170 per double). Some are in an annexe across the way. The cosy wood-panelled bar, with rough stone walls, flagstone floor and peat fires, is a delightful place for all-day bar meals (mains £9 to £16; noon to 9pm) and has a beer garden. oLoch Fyne Oyster BarSEAFOOD ( %01499-600236; www.lochfyne.com; Clachan, Cairndow; mains £11-22; h9am-7pm or 8pm; W) S The success of this cooperative is such that it now lends its name to dozens of restaurants throughout the UK. But the original's still the best, with salty oysters straight out of the lake, and fabulous salmon dishes. The atmosphere and decor is simple, friendly and unpretentious; there's also a shop and deli. 8Getting There & Away Scottish Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) buses run from Glasgow to Inveraray (£11.90, 1¾ hours, seven daily). Five continue to Campbeltown (£13, 2½ hours); the others go to Oban (£9.90, 1¼ hours, two daily). There are also buses to Dunoon (£3.90, 1¼ hours, three daily Monday to Saturday). ### Kilmartin Glen This magical glen is the focus of one of the biggest concentrations of prehistoric sites in Scotland. Burial cairns, standing stones, stone circles, hill forts and cup-and-ring-marked rocks litter the countryside. Within a 6-mile radius of Kilmartin village there are 25 sites with standing stones and over 100 rock carvings. In the 6th century, Irish settlers arrived in this part of Argyll and founded the kingdom of Dál Riata (Dalriada), which eventually united with the Picts in 843 to create the first Scottish kingdom. Their capital was the hill fort of Dunadd, on the plain to the south of Kilmartin. 1Sights Your first stop should be Kilmartin House Museum ( %01546-510278; www.kilmartin.org; Kilmartin; adult/child £5/2; h10am-5.30pm Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-23 Dec), in Kilmartin village, a fascinating interpretative centre that provides a context for the ancient monuments you can go on to explore, alongside displays of artefacts recovered from various sites. There's also an excellent cafe ( %01546-510278; mains £5-9; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, 11am-4pm Nov-Christmas; W) and a shop with handcrafts and books on Scotland. The oldest monuments at Kilmartin date from 5000 years ago and comprise a linear cemetery of **burial cairns** that runs south 1.5 miles from Kilmartin village. There are also two stone circles at **Temple Wood** , 0.75 miles southwest of Kilmartin. **Kilmartin Churchyard** contains 10th-century Celtic crosses and medieval grave slabs with carved effigies of knights. Some researchers have surmised that these were the tombs of Knights Templar who fled persecution in France in the 14th century. The hill fort of **Dunadd** , 3.5 miles south of Kilmartin village, was the seat of power of the first kings of Dál Riata, and may have been where the **Stone of Destiny** was originally located. Faint rock carvings of a boar and two footprints with an Ogham inscription may have been used in some kind of inauguration ceremony. The prominent little hill rises straight out of the boggy plain of **Moine Mhor Nature Reserve**. A slippery path leads to the summit where you can gaze out on much the same view that the kings of Dál Riata enjoyed 1300 years ago. 8Getting There & Away Bus 423 between Oban and Ardrishaig (three to five Monday to Friday, two on Saturday) stops at Kilmartin (£5.60, one hour). You can walk or cycle along the Crinan Canal from Ardrishaig, then turn north at Bellanoch on the minor B8025 road to reach Kilmartin (12 miles one way). ### Kintyre Almost an island, the 40-mile-long Kintyre Peninsula has only a narrow isthmus at Tarbert connecting it to the rest of Scotland. Magnus Barefoot the Viking, who could claim any island he circumnavigated, made his people drag their longship across this strand to validate his claim to Kintyre. #### Tarbert Population 1200 The attractive fishing village and yachting centre of Tarbert is the gateway to Kintyre, and most scenic, with buildings strung around its excellent natural harbour. It's well worth a stopover. 1Sights & Activities The picturesque harbour is overlooked by the crumbling, ivy-covered ruins of **Tarbert Castle** , rebuilt by Robert the Bruce in the 14th century. You can hike up via a signposted footpath beside Loch Fyne Gallery (www.lochfynegallery.com; Harbour St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10.30am-5pm Sun), which showcases the work of local artists. Tarbert is the starting point for the 100-mile **Kintyre Way**. The 9-mile first section to Skipness makes a pleasant day-hike, climbing through forestry plantations to a high moorland plateau where you can soak up superb views to the Isle of Arran. 4Sleeping & Eating Knap Guest HouseB&B ( %01880-820015; www.knapguesthouse.co.uk; Campbeltown Rd; s/d from £50/70; i W) A flight of stairs lit by Edwardian stained glass leads to this 1st-floor flat with three spacious en suite bedrooms sporting an attractive blend of Scottish and Far Eastern decor. The welcome is warm, and there are great harbour views from the lounge (leather sofas, log fire and a small library) and breakfast room. oStarfishSEAFOOD ( %01880-820733; wwwstarfishtarbert.com; Castle St; mains £11-19; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sun) Simple but stylish describes not only the decor in this friendly restaurant, but the seafood too. A great variety of specials – anything from classic French fish dishes to Thai curries – are prepared with whatever's fresh off the Tarbert boats that day. Best to book a table. Reduced hours off-season. #### Campbeltown Population 4900 Blue-collar Campbeltown, set around a beautiful harbour, still suffers from the decline of its fishing and whisky industries and the closure of the nearby air force base, but is rebounding on the back of golf tourism and a ferry link to Ayrshire. The spruced-up seafront, backed by green hills, lends the town a distinctly optimistic air. The Mull of Kintyre Music Festival ( %01586-551053; www.mokfest.com), held in late August, is a popular event featuring traditional Scottish and Irish music. 1Sights & Activities SpringbankDISTILLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01586-552009; www.springbankwhisky.com; 85 Longrow; tours from £6.50; htours 10am & 2pm Mon-Sat) There were once no fewer than 32 distilleries around Campbeltown, but most closed in the 1920s. Today this is one of only three that are operational. It is also one of the few around that distils, matures and bottles all its whisky on the one site, making for an interesting tour. It's a quality malt, one of Scotland's finest. Davaar CaveCAVE A very unusual sight awaits in this cave on the southern side of Davaar island, at the mouth of Campbeltown Loch. On the wall of the cave is an eerie painting of the Crucifixion by local artist Archibald MacKinnon, dating from 1887. You can walk to the island at low tide: check tide times with the tourist office. Machrihanish BayBEACH, GOLF Five miles northwest of Campbeltown, this has a 3-mile-long sandy beach popular with surfers and windsurfers. There are two great golf courses here, both very competitively priced compared to their more famous rivals: Machrihanish Golf Club ( %01586-810213; www.machgolf.com; green fee £65) is a classic links course, designed by Old Tom Morris. Much-newer Machrihanish Dunes ( %01586-810000; www.machrihanishdunes.com; Campbeltown; green fee around £70) offers another impressive seaside experience, commendably light on snobbery: the clubhouse is a convivial little hut, kids play free, and there are always website offers. Mull of Kintyre SeatoursBOAT TOUR ( %07785-542811; www.mull-of-kintyre.co.uk; hApr-Sep) Operates high-speed boat trips out of Campbeltown harbour to the spectacular sea cliffs of the Mull of Kintyre, Arran, Ailsa Craig (£30; gannet colony and puffins), or Sanda Island (£25; seals, puffins and other seabirds) as well as whalewatching (£30, best late July to early September). Book in advance by phone or at the tourist office. 4Sleeping & Eating Campbeltown BackpackersHOSTEL ( %01586-551188; www.campbeltownbackpackers.co.uk; Big Kiln St; dm £20; p W) S This beautiful hostel occupies a central former school building: it's great, with a modern kitchen, disabled access and state-of-the-art wooden bunks. Profits go to maintain the Heritage Centre that runs it. Rates are £2 cheaper if you pre-book. RedknoweB&B ( %01586-550374; www.redknowe.co.uk; Witchburn Rd; s £35, d £60-70; p W #) An interesting Victorian home that's a short walk from the centre of town but feels rural with a lovely garden and an outlook over green fields. There's a fine welcome from the friendly couple that run it, a very decent breakfast, and comfortable rooms, a couple of which share an immaculate bathroom. Royal HotelHOTEL ( %01586-810000; www.machrihanishdunes.com; Main St; r £142-152; hfood noon-9pm Sun-Thu, noon-10pm Fri & Sat; p W) Historically Campbeltown's best address, this hotel opposite the harbour is looking swish again. It caters mostly to yachties and golfers; though rack rates feel overpriced, there are often online specials and rooms are very spacious and attractive. The restaurant (mains £11 to £30) is the town's best, with fresh seafood and tasty grilled steaks the highlight. 8Getting There & Away Boat Kintyre Express ( %01586-555895; www.kintyreexpress.com) operates a small, high-speed passenger ferry from Campbeltown to Ballycastle in Northern Ireland (£35/60 one way/return, 1½ hours, daily May to August, four weekly April and September, two weekly October to March). You must book in advance. Calmac ( %0800 066-5000; www.calmac.co.uk) run thrice weekly May to September between Ardrossan in Ayrshire and Campbeltown (adult/car £9.80/60, 2¾ hours); the Saturday return service stops at Brodick on Arran. Bus Scottish Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) runs from Campbeltown to Glasgow (£19.80, 4¼ hours, five daily) via Tarbert, Inveraray and Loch Lomond. Change at Inveraray for Oban. #### Mull of Kintyre A narrow winding road, 15 miles long, leads south from Campbeltown to the **Mull of Kintyre** , passing some good **sandy beaches** near Southend. This remote headland was immortalised in Paul McCartney's famous song – the former Beatle owns a farmhouse in the area. From where the road ends, a 30-minute steep downhill walk leads to a clifftop **lighthouse** , with Northern Ireland, only 12 miles away, visible across the channel. Don't leave the road when the frequent mists roll in as it's easy to become disoriented. ### Isle of Arran Enchanting Arran is a jewel in Scotland's scenic crown. The island is a visual feast, and boasts culinary delights, its own brewery and distillery, and stacks of accommodation options. The variations in Scotland's dramatic landscape can all be experienced on this one island, best explored by pulling on the hiking boots or jumping on a bicycle. Arran offers some challenging walks in the mountainous north while the island's circular coastal road is very popular with cyclists. 8Information Brodick Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-303774; www.ayrshire-arran.com; Brodick; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) Efficient. Located by Brodick ferry pier; also open Sundays in summer. Slightly reduced hours in winter. 8Getting There & Away CalMac ( %0800 066-5000; www.calmac.co.uk) runs between Ardrossan and Brodick (passenger/car return £11.35/70, 55 minutes, four to 10 daily), and from April to late October also runs services between Claonaig on the Kintyre peninsula and Lochranza (passenger/car return £10.35/47, 30 minutes, seven to nine daily). 8Getting Around Four to seven buses daily go from Brodick pier to Lochranza (£2.95, 45 minutes), and many head to Lamlash (£2.05) and Whiting Bay (£2.95, 30 minutes), then on to Kildonan and Blackwaterfoot. Pick up a timetable from the tourist office. An Arran Dayrider costs £5.40 from the driver, giving a day's travel. Bicycle and car hire are available in Brodick. #### Brodick & Around Most visitors arrive in Brodick, the beating heart of the island, and congregate along the coastal road to admire the town's long curving bay. Main attractions are just out of town, off the Lochranza road. 1Sights & Activities The 55-mile coastal circuit is popular with **cyclists** and has few serious hills – more in the south than the north. There are plenty of walking booklets and maps available, and trails are clearly signposted around the island. Several leave from Lochranza, including the spectacular walk to the island's northeast tip, the **Cock of Arran** , finishing in the village of Sannox (8 miles one-way). Tackling **Goatfell** (the island's tallest peak) takes up to eight hours return, starting in Brodick. If the weather's fine, there are superb views to Ben Lomond and the coast of Northern Ireland. Brodick CastleCASTLE (NTS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.nts.org.uk; castle & park adult/child £12.50/9, park only £6.50/5.50; hcastle 11am-4pm May-Sep, 11am-3pm Apr & Oct, park 9.30am-sunset year-round) This elegant castle 2 miles north of Brodick evolved from 13th-century origins into a stately home and hunting lodge for the Dukes of Hamilton and was used until the 1950s. You enter via the hunting gallery, wallpapered with deer heads. The rest of the interior is characterised by fabulous 19th-century wooden furniture and an array of horses 'n' hounds paintings. Helpful guides and laminated sheets – the kids' ones are more entertaining – provide extra info. The extensive grounds, now a country park with various trails among the rhododendrons, justify the steep entry fee. 4Sleeping GlenartneyB&B ( %01770-302220; www.glenartney-arran.co.uk; Mayish Rd; s/d £52/85; hEaster-Sep; p W #) S Uplifting bay views and genuine, helpful hosts make this a cracking option. Airy, stylish rooms make the most of the natural light available at the top of the town. Cyclists will appreciate bike wash, repair and storage facilities, while hikers can benefit from drying rooms and expert trail advice. They make big efforts to be sustainable. oKilmichael Country House HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-302219; www.kilmichael.com; s £95, d £163-204; hApr-Oct; p W #) The island's best hotel is also the oldest building – one bit dates from 1650. Luxurious and tastefully decorated, it's a mile outside Brodick but seems a world away in deep countryside. With just eight spacious, very individual rooms and excellent four-course dinners (£45, open to nonguests), it's an ideal, utterly relaxing hideaway, that feels very classy without being overly formal. In the grounds, patrolled by a sizeable muster of peacocks, there are also five self-catering cottages. 5Eating oBrodick BarBRASSERIE ( %01770-302169; www.brodickbar.co.uk; Alma Rd; mains £9-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-8.45pm or later Mon-Sat; W) Don't leave Brodick without dropping in here. The regularly changing blackboard menu brings modern French flair to this Arran pub, with great presentation, efficient service and delicious flavour combinations. You'll have a hard time choosing, as it's all brilliant. It's very buzzy on weekend evenings. #### Lochranza The village of Lochranza has a stunning location in a small bay at the island's north. On a promontory stands ruined 13th-century Lochranza Castle (HS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; admission free; h24hr), basically a draughty shell inside. Isle of Arran Distillery ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-830264; www.arranwhisky.com; tours adult/child £6/free; h10am-5.30pm Apr–Oct, 11am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) produces a light, aromatic single malt. The tour is a good one; it's a small set-up, and the whisky-making process is thoroughly explained. More expensive tours (£15) include extra tastings. 4Sleeping oLochranza SYHAHOSTEL ( %01770-830631; www.syha.org.uk; dm/d £19/50; hmid-Mar–Oct plus Sat & Sun year-round; p i W #) S An excellent hostel in a charming place, with lovely views. Rooms sport chunky wooden furn­iture, keycards, and lockers. Rainwater toilets, energy-saving heating solutions, and an excellent accessible room show thoughtful design, while plush lounging areas, a kitchen you could run a restaurant out of, a laundry, a drying room, red deer in the garden, and welcoming management combine to make this a top option. CastlekirkB&B ( %01770-830202; www.castlekirkarran.co.uk; s £35-40, d £60-75; hMar-Oct; p W #) This unusual and warmly welcoming place to stay is a converted church chock-full of excellent artworks; there's a gallery downstairs, and paintings decorate the passageways and rooms. The breakfast area is dignified by a rose window, and there are great views of the castle opposite. Rooms are cosy under the sloping ceiling. #### West Coast On the western side of the island is Machrie Moor Stone Circle ( GOOGLE MAP ) ), a pleasant 20-30 minute stroll from the parking area on the coastal road. There are actually several separate groups of stones of varying sizes, erected around 4000 years ago. You pass a Bronze Age burial cairn along the path. **Blackwaterfoot** is the west coast's largest village, with shop and hotel. You can walk to King's Cave ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) from here – Arran is one of several islands that claim the cave where Robert the Bruce had his famous arachnid encounter. This walk can easily be extended to the Machrie stones. #### South Coast The landscape in the south is gentler; the road drops into little wooded valleys, and it's particularly lovely around **Lagg** , where a 10-minute walk goes to Torrylinn Cairn ( GOOGLE MAP ) ), a chambered tomb over 4000 years old. **Kildonan** has pleasant sandy beaches, a gorgeous water outlook, hotel, campground and ivy-clad ruined castle. In genteel **Whiting Bay** you'll find small sandy beaches and local walks. 4Sleeping & Eating Sealshore CampsiteCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-820320; www.campingarran.com; Kildonan; sites per adult/child £6/3, per tent £2-4; hApr-Oct; p W #) Living up to its name, this excellent small campsite is right by sea (and the Kildonan Hotel) with one of Arran's finest views from its grassy camping area. There's a good washroom area with heaps of showers, kitchen facilities, and the breeze keeps the midges away. Cosy camping pods cost £30 for two people. Kildonan HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-820207; www.kildonanhotel.com; Kildonan; s/d/ste £75/99/135; p i W #) Appealing rooms and a grounded attitude – dogs and kids are made very welcome – combine to make this one of Arran's better options. Oh, and it's right by the water, with seals basking on the rocks. The standard rooms could do with a pep-up but are decent; the suites – with private terrace or small balcony – are great. Nearly all rooms have sea views; other attractions include great staff, a bar and restaurant serving tasty meals (mains £9 to £17; noon to 3pm and 6pm to 9pm), and live folk music. Lagg HotelINN ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-870255; www.lagghotel.com; Lagg, Kilmory; s/d £50/90; hApr-Oct; p W #) This 18th-century coaching inn has a beautiful location and is the perfect place for a romantic weekend away from the cares of modern life. Rooms are smart; grab a superior one (£100) with garden views. There's also a cracking beer garden, a fine bar with log fire and an elegant restaurant (mains £9 to £13; noon to 3pm and 5.30pm to 9pm) with good veggie options. #### Lamlash Lamlash is in a dazzling setting, strung along the beachfront. Just off the coast is **Holy Island** , owned by the Samye Ling Tibetan Centre and used as a retreat, but day visits are allowed. Depending on tides, the ferry ( %01770-600998; tomin10@btinternet.com; adult/child return £12/6; hMay-Sep, by arrangement Tue & Fri winter) makes around seven daily trips from Lamlash (15 minutes) between May and September. You can stay at the Holy Island Centre for World Peace & Health ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-601100; www.holyisle.org; dm/s/d £28/47/72; hApr-Oct). Prices include full (vegetarian) board. 4Sleeping & Eating oGlenisle HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-600559; www.glenislehotel.com; Shore Rd; s/d/superior d £83/128/167; W) This stylish hotel offers great service and high comfort levels. Rooms are decorated with contemporary fabrics; the 'cosy' ones under the sloping ceiling upstairs are a little cheaper. All feel fresh and include binoculars for scouring the seashore; upgrade to a superior for the best views over the water. Downstairs is excellent pub food (mains £10 to £13; 8am to 9pm, reduced hours in winter), with Scottish classics and a good wine list. oDrift InnPUB FOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01770-600608; www.driftinnarran.com; Shore Rd; mains £10-18; hfood noon-9pm; W) Recently refurbished, this is now the island's best pub, with a plush interior with leather chairs and a fireplace, as well as a fabulous beer garden – enjoy magnificent views from both across to Holy Island. Great bar food is on offer – upmarket fare with thoughtful vegetarian options – as well as Arran ales on tap and soul and blues on the stereo. ### Isle of Islay Population 3200 The home of some of the world's greatest and peatiest whiskies, whose names reverberate on the tongue like a pantheon of Celtic deities, Islay ( _eye_ -lah) is a wonderfully friendly place whose welcoming inhabitants offset its lack of the scenic splendour of Mull or Skye. The distilleries are well-geared up for visits; even if you're not a fan of single malt, the bird life, fine seafood, turquoise bays and basking seals are ample reason to visit. Locals are among Britain's most genial: a wave or cheerio to passers-by is mandatory, and you'll soon find yourself unwinding to relaxing island pace. The only drawback is that the waves of well-heeled whisky tourists have induced many sleeping and eating options to raise prices to eye-watering levels. zFestivals & Events Fèis ÌleMUSIC, WHISKY (Islay Festival; www.islayfestival.com) A week-long celebration of traditional Scottish music and whisky at the end of May. Events include _ceilidhs,_ pipe-band performances, distillery tours, barbecues and whisky tastings. Islay Jazz FestivalMUSIC (www.islayjazzfestival.co.uk) This three-day festival takes place over the second weekend in September. A varied line-up of international talent plays at various venues across the island. 8Information Islay Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01496-810254; The Square, Bowmore; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-3pm Sun Easter-Oct, 10am-3pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) 8Getting There & Away There are two ferry terminals on the island, both served by ferries from Kennacraig in West Loch Tarbert: Port Askaig on the east coast and Port Ellen in the south. Islay airport lies midway between Port Ellen and Bowmore. Air Loganair/FlyBe (www.loganair.co.uk) flies daily from Glasgow to Islay, while Hebridean Air Services ( %0845 805-7465; www.hebrideanair.co.uk) operates twice daily Tuesday and Thursday from Oban to Colonsay and Islay. Boat CalMac (www.calmac.co.uk) runs ferries from Kennacraig to Port Ellen or Port Askaig (passenger/car £6.45/32, two to 2¼ hours, three to five daily). On Wednesday and Saturdays in summer you can continue to Colonsay (£3.95/16.55, 1¼ hours) and Oban (£11.10/54, four hours). 8Getting Around Bicycle There are various places to hire bikes, including Islay Cycles ( %07760-196592; www.islaycycles.co.uk; Port Ellen; bikes per day/week from £15/60) in Port Ellen. Bus A bus links Ardbeg, Port Ellen, Bowmore, Port Charlotte, Portnahaven and Port Askaig (limited service on Sunday). Pick up a copy of the _Islay & Jura Public Transport Guide_ from the tourist office. Car D&N MacKenzie ( %01496-302300; www.carhireonislay.co.uk; Islay Airport) offers car hire from £32 a day and can meet ferries. Taxi There are various drivers; Carol ( %01496-302155; www.carols-cabs.co.uk) can take bikes in her taxi. #### Port Ellen & Around Port Ellen is the main point of entry for Islay. While there's nothing to see in the town itself, the coast stretching northeast from Port Ellen is one of the loveliest parts of the island. There are three **whisky distilleries** in close succession (check websites for tour times): Laphroaig (www.laphroaig.com; tours from £6; h9.45am-5pm daily Mar-Oct, 9.45am-4.30pm daily Nov & Dec, 9.45am-4.30pm Mon-Fri Jan-Feb) Lagavulin (www.discovering-distilleries.com; tours from £6; h9am-7pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat & Sun Jun-Sep, 9am-5pm daily Apr-May & Oct, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Nov-Feb, 10am-4pm daily Mar) Ardbeg (www.ardbeg.com; tours from £5; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, plus Sat Apr-Oct & Sun May-Sep) A pleasant bike ride leads past the distilleries to the atmospheric, age-haunted **Kildalton Chapel** , 8 miles northeast of Port Ellen. In the kirkyard is the exceptional late-8th-century **Kildalton Cross** , the only remaining Celtic high cross in Scotland (most surviving high crosses are in Ireland). There are carvings of biblical scenes on one side and animals on the other. There are also several extraordinary grave slabs around the chapel, some carved with swords and Celtic interlace patterns. 4Sleeping & Eating Kintra FarmCAMPSITE, B&B ( %01496-302051; www.kintrafarm.co.uk; tent site £6-8, plus adult/child £4/2, s/d £50/80; hApr-Sep; p) At the southern end of Laggan Bay, 3.5 miles northwest of Port Ellen, Kintra is a basic but beautiful campsite on buttercup-sprinkled turf amid the dunes, with a sunset view across the beach. There's also a B&B available. oOystercatcher B&BB&B ( %01496-300409; www.islay-bedandbreakfast.com; 63 Frederick Cres; s/d £60/80; W) Two beautifully decorated upstairs rooms with a maritime theme and water views make inviting Islay bases in this excellent B&B. Thoughtful breakfast options and a super-welcoming host add appeal. If you want to dine here, you can organise to order in a seafood platter. Old Kiln CaféCAFE ( %01496-302244; www.ardbeg.com; Ardbeg; mains £5-11; h10am-4.30pm daily May-Sep, Mon-Sat Apr & Oct, Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) Housed in the former malting kiln at Ardbeg distillery, this cafe serves homemade soups, tasty light meals, heartier daily specials and a range of desserts, including traditional clootie dumpling (a rich steamed pudding filled with currants and raisins). #### Bowmore The attractive Georgian village of Bowmore was built in 1768 to replace the village of Kilarrow, which just had to go – it was spoiling the view from the laird's house. Its centrepiece is the distinctive **Round Church** at the top of Main St, built in circular form to ensure that the devil had no corners to hide in. Bowmore Distillery ( %01496-810441; www.bowmore.com; School St; tours from £6; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri & 9am-12.30pm Sat Oct-Mar, 9am-5pm Mon-Sat & noon-4pm Sun Apr-Sep) is the only distillery on the island that still malts its own barley. The tour (check website for times), which begins with an overblown 10-minute marketing video, is redeemed by a look at (and taste of) the germinating grain laid out in golden billows on the floor of the malting shed, and a free dram at the end. 4Sleeping & Eating Lambeth HouseB&B ( %01496-810597; lambethguesthouse@tiscali.co.uk; Jamieson St; s/d £60/94; W) Cheerily welcoming, and with smart refurbished rooms with top-notch en suite bathrooms, this is a sound option in the centre of town. Breakfasts are reliably good. Rooms vary substantially in size. Harbour InnINN ( %01496-810330; www.harbour-inn.com; The Sq; s/d from £110/145; W) The plush seven-room Harbour Inn, now owned by Bowmore whisky, is the poshest place in town. The restaurant (mains £19 to £26; open noon to 2pm and 6pm to 9pm) has harbour views and serves fresh local oysters, lobster and scallops, Islay lamb and Jura venison. It's tasty, but feels a little overpriced. #### Port Charlotte Eleven miles from Bowmore, on the opposite shore of Loch Indaal, is the attractive village of Port Charlotte. It has a general store ( h9am-12.30pm & 1.30-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11.30am-1.30pm Sun) and post office. Islay's long history is lovingly recorded in the Museum of Islay Life ( %01496-850358; www.islaymuseum.org; Port Charlotte; adult/child £3/1; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri Apr-Sep), housed in the former Free Church. Prize exhibits include an illicit still, 19th-century crofters' furniture, and a set of leather boots once worn by the horse that pulled the lawnmower at Islay House (so it wouldn't leave hoof prints on the lawn!). The Bruichladdich Distillery ( %01496-850190; www.bruichladdich.com; tours £5; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri & 9.30am-4pm Sat, plus 12.30-3.30pm Sun Apr-Aug), at the northern edge of the village, reopened in 2001 with all of its original Victorian equipment restored to working condition. Independently owned and independently minded, Bruichladdich (brook- _lah_ -day) produces an intriguing range of distinctive, very peaty whiskies. Call ahead to book a tour. 4Sleeping & Eating Islay SYHAHOSTEL ( %01496-850385; www.syha.org.uk; dm/q £19/80; hApr-Oct; i W) This modern and comfortable hostel is housed in a former distillery building with views over the loch. Port Mòr CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01496-850441; www.islandofislay.co.uk; tent sites per adult/child £8/4; i W) The sports field in Port Charlotte doubles as a campground – there are toilets, showers, a laundry and a children's play area in the main building. Open all year. Port Charlotte HotelHOTEL ( %01496-850360; www.portcharlottehotel.co.uk; s/d £115/190; p W #) This lovely old Victorian hotel has stylish, individually decorated bedrooms with sea views, and a candlelit **restaurant** (mains £21 to £33; open 6.30pm to 9pm) serving local seafood, Islay beef, venison and duck. The **bar** (mains £10 to £16; meals noon to 2pm and 5.30pm to 8.30pm) also does great food, is well stocked with Islay malts and real ales, and has a nook at the back with a view over the loch towards the Paps of Jura. #### Finlaggan Lush meadows swathed in buttercups and daisies slope down to reed-fringed Loch Finlaggan, the medieval capital of the Lords of the Isles. This bucolic setting, 3 miles southwest of Port Askaig, was once the most important settlement in the Hebrides, the central seat of power of the Lords of the Isles from the 12th to the 16th centuries. From the little island at the northern end of the loch the descendants of Somerled administered their island territories and entertained visiting chieftains in their great hall. Little remains now except the tumbled ruins of houses and a chapel, but the setting is beautiful and the history fascinating. A wooden walkway leads over the reeds and water lilies to the island, where information boards describe the remains. The Finlaggan Visitor Centre (www.finlaggan.com; adult/child £3/1; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 1.30-4.30pm Sun Apr-Sep), in a nearby cottage (plus modern extension), explains the site's history and archaeology. The island itself is open at all times. Buses from Bowmore to Port Askaig stop at the road-end, from where it's a 15-minute walk to the loch. ### Isle of Jura Population 200 Jura lies off the coast of Argyll − long, dark and low like a vast Viking longship, its billowing sail the distinctive triple peaks of the Paps of Jura. A magnificently wild and lonely island, Jura is the perfect place for getting away from it all – as George Orwell did in 1948. Orwell wrote his masterpiece _1984_ while living at the remote farmhouse of Barnhill in the north of the island. Jura takes its name from the Old Norse _dyr-a_ (deer island) – an apt appellation, as the island supports a population of around 6000 red deer, who outnumber their human cohabitants by about 30 to one. Apart from the superb wilderness walking and wildlife watching, there's not a whole lot to do on the island apart from visit the Isle of Jura Distillery ( %01496-820385; www.jurawhisky.com; Craighouse; tours from £6; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, 10am-2pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) or attend the Jura Music Festival (www.juramusicfestival.com) in late September, a convivial weekend of traditional Scottish folk music. You can hire bikes from Jura Bike Hire ( %07768-450000; www.jurabikehire.com; Craighouse; bike hire per day £12.50). 4Sleeping & Eating Places to stay on the island are very limited, so book ahead. Most of Jura's accommodation is in self-catering cottages that are let by the week (see www.juradevelopment.co.uk). You can camp for free in the field below the Jura Hotel. Jura HotelHOTEL ( %01496-820243; www.jurahotel.co.uk; Craighouse; s £50-60, d £94-120; p W) The heart of Jura's community is this hotel, which is warmly welcoming and efficiently run. Rooms vary in size and shape, but all are renovated and feel inviting. The premier rooms – all of which have sea views – are just lovely, with understated elegance and polished modern bathrooms. You can eat (mains £9 to £14; noon to 2.30pm and 6.30pm to 8.30pm) in the elegant restaurant or the convivial pub. AntlersCAFE ( %01496-820496; www.juradevelopment.co.uk; Craighouse; light meals £4-7; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, plus 6.30-8.30pm Fri) S This community-owned cafe has a craft shop and displays on Jura heritage. It does tasty home baking, sandwiches and the like, and is also open for more elaborate dinners on Fridays. Not licensed (£3 corkage). 8Getting There & Around A car ferry shuttles between Port Askaig on Islay and Feolin on Jura (passenger/car/bicycle £1.60/8.55/free, five minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, every two hours Sunday). There is no direct car-ferry connection to the mainland. From April to September Jura Passenger Ferry ( %07768-450000; www.jurapassengerferry.com; one-way £20 ; hmid-Apr–Sep) runs from Tayvallich on the mainland to Craighouse on Jura (one hour, one or two daily except Wednesday). Booking recommended. The island's only bus service ( %01436-810200; www.garelochheadcoaches.co.uk) runs between the ferry slip at Feolin and Craighouse (20 minutes, three or four a day), timed to coincide with ferry arrivals and departures. One or two of the runs continue north as far as Inverlussa. ### Oban Population 8600 Oban, main gateway to many of the Hebridean islands, is a peaceful waterfront town on a delightful bay, with sweeping views to Kerrera and Mull. OK, that first bit about peaceful is true only in winter; in summer the town centre is jammed with traffic and crowded with holidaymakers and travellers headed for the islands. But the setting is still lovely, and Oban's brilliant seafood restaurants are marvellous places to be as the sun sets over the bay. 1Sights McCaig's TowerHISTORIC BUILDING ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; cnr Laurel & Duncraggan Rds; h24hr) Crowning the hill above town is this Colosseum-like Victorian folly, commissioned in 1890 by local worthy John Stuart McCaig, with the philanthropic intention of providing work for unemployed stonemasons. To reach it on foot, make the steep climb up Jacob's Ladder (a flight of stairs) from Argyll St; the bay views are worth the effort. Oban DistilleryDISTILLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-572004; www.discovering-distilleries.com; Stafford St; tour £7.50; hnoon-4.30pm Dec-Feb, 9.30am-5pm Mar-Jun & Oct-Nov, 9.30am-7.30pm Mon-Fri & 9.30am-5pm Sat & Sun Jul-Sep) This handsome distillery has been producing since 1794. The standard guided tour leaves regularly (worth booking) and includes a dram and a taste straight from the cask. Specialist tours (£35) run once daily in summer. Even without a tour, it's still worth a look at the small exhibition in the foyer. DunollieCASTLE, MUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-570550; www.dunollie.org; Dunollie Rd; adult/child £4/2; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat & 1-4pm Sun Easter-Oct) A pleasant 1-mile stroll along the coast road leads to Dunollie Castle, built by the MacDougalls of Lorn in the 13th century and unsuccessfully besieged for a year during the 1715 Jacobite rebellion. It's very much a ruin, but the nearby 1745 House – seat of Clan MacDougall – is an intriguing museum of local and clan history. Ongoing improvement works are in progress. 2Activities A tourist-office leaflet lists local **bike rides** , which include a 7-mile Gallanach circular tour, a 16-mile route to the Isle of Seil and routes to Connel, Glenlonan and Kilmore. You can hire mountain bikes from Oban Cycles ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-566033; www.obancycleshop.com; 87 George St; per day/week £15/70; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, plus Sun in summer). Sea Kayak Oban ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-565310; www.seakayakoban.com; Argyll St; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, 9am-5pm Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) has a well-stocked shop, and offers **sea-kayaking** courses, including a two-day intro for beginners (£170 per person). Various operators offer **boat trips** (adult/child £10/5) to spot seals and other marine wildlife, departing from the North Pier slipway; ask for details at the tourist office. 4Sleeping Despite having lots of B&B accommodation, Oban's beds can still fill up quickly in July and August so try to book ahead. If you can't find a bed in Oban, consider staying at Connel, 4 miles to the north. Oban SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562025; www.syha.org.uk; Corran Esplanade; dm/tw £21/48; p i W) Set in a grand Victorian villa on the Esplanade, 0.75 miles north of the train station, this is modernised to a high standard with comfy wooden bunks, lockers, good showers and a lounge with great views across Oban Bay. All dorms are en suite; the neighbouring lodge has three- and four-bed rooms. Breakfast available. Oban BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562107; www.obanbackpackers.com; Breadalbane St; dm £15-18; i W) Simple, colourful, relaxed and casual, this has plenty of atmosphere. Dorms are cheap and cheerful – price varies according to the number of bunks – and there's a sociable downstairs lounge with big windows and 'zebrapard' couches. Breakfast available for £2. Don't confuse with the similarly named (also decent) Backpackers Plus across the road. Jeremy Inglis HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-565065; www.jeremyinglishostel.co.uk; 21 Airds Cres; dm/s £17/25; W #) More eccentric B&B than a hostel – most 'dorms' have only two or three beds, and might come decorated with colourful duvets, original artwork, books, fresh flowers and more. It's grungy, friendly, decent value and there's a good kitchen-eating area. It won't be for everyone, but the spirit of hospitality thrives here. Breakfast is included and features home-made jams. Wi-fi doesn't reach the rooms. Oban Caravan & Camping ParkCAMPGROUND ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562425; www.obancaravanpark.com; Gallanachmore Farm; tent/campervan site £15/20; hApr-Oct; #) This spacious campground has a superb location overlooking the Sound of Kerrera, 2.5 miles south of Oban (two buses on schooldays). A one-person tent with no car is £8. No prebooking − it's first come, first served. There are also bungalows and camping pods that sleep up to four (two/four people £40/50). oOld Manse Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-564886; www.obanguesthouse.co.uk; Dalriach Rd; s/d £65/90; p W) Set on the hillside above town, this place commands magnificent views over to Kerrera and Mull. It's run with genuine enthusiasm, and the owners are constantly adding thoughtful new features to the bright, cheerful rooms – think binoculars, DVDs, poetry, corkscrews and tartan hot-water bottles – and breakfast menus, with special diets catered for. BarriemoreGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-566356; www.barriemore-hotel.co.uk; Corran Esplanade; s from £70, d £99-119; hMar-Nov; p W) With a grand location overlooking the entrance to Oban Bay, this offers top-notch hospitality with tartan carpets on the stairs and plump Loch Fyne kippers on the breakfast menu. Rooms are all spacious, recently refurbished, and full of features. The front ones – pricier but enormous – have fabulous vistas; there's also a great family suite up the back and solicitous service. Sandvilla GuesthouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-564483; www.holidayoban.co.uk; Breadalbane St; s/d £50/70; p W) Upbeat and modern, the rooms in this welcoming spot – all en suite by the time you read this – are lovely, bright and very wellkept. Enthusiastic owners guarantee a personal welcome and service with a smile. It's our favourite of several options on this street. Heatherfield HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562806; www.heatherfieldhouse.co.uk; Albert Rd; s £50, d £80-115; p W) Welcoming Heatherfield House occupies a converted 1870s rectory set in extensive grounds and has six spacious rooms. One comes complete with fireplace, sofa and a view over the garden to the harbour. Kathmore Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562104; www.kathmore.co.uk; Soroba Rd; s £35-50, d £60-75; p W) Warmly welcoming, this guesthouse, a 10-minute stroll from the centre, combines traditional Highland hospitality and hearty breakfasts with a wee touch of boutique flair in its stylish bedspreads and colourful artwork. It's actually two adjacent houses combined; each has a comfortable lounge and shares an outdoor garden deck where you can enjoy a glass of wine on those long summer evenings. 5Eating Oban Seafood HutSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.obanseafoodhut.co.uk; Railway Pier; mains £3-13; h10am-6pm Mar-Oct) If you want to savour superb Scottish seafood without the expense of an upmarket restaurant, head for Oban's famous seafood stall – it's the green shack on the quayside near the ferry terminal. Here you can buy fresh and cooked seafood to take away – excellent prawn sandwiches (£2.95), dressed crab (£4.95), and fresh oysters (95p each). Kitchen GardenDELI, CAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-566332; www.kitchengardenoban.co.uk; 14 George St; light meals £4-8; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4.30pm Sun) A deli packed with delicious picnic food. Also has a great little cafe – good coffee, scones, cakes, homemade soups and sandwiches. Waterfront Fishouse RestaurantSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-563110; www.waterfrontoban.co.uk; Railway Pier; mains £12-20; hnoon-2.15pm & 5.30-9.30pm Sun-Fri, noon-9.30pm Sat; W c) Housed on the top floor of a converted seamen's mission, the Waterfront's stylish, unfussy decor in burgundy and brown, with dark wooden furniture, does little to distract from the superb seafood freshly landed at the quay just a few metres away. The menu ranges from classic haddock and chips to fresh oysters, scallops and langoustines. Best to book for dinner. Cuan MórBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-565078; www.cuanmor.co.uk; 60 George St; mains £9-14; h10am-10pm; W v) This always-busy bar and bistro brews its own beer, and sports a no-nonsense menu of old favourites: from haddock and chips or homemade lasagne to sausage and mash with onion gravy. The menu's spiced with a few more sophisticated plates such as squat lobster carbonara, and a decent range of vegetarian dishes. And the sticky toffee pudding is not to be missed! oSeafood TempleSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-566000; www.obanseafood.com; Gallanach Rd; mains £16-25; h6.15-8.30pm Apr-Sep, 6.15-8.30pm Wed-Sat Oct-Dec, Feb & Mar) S Locally sourced seafood is the god that's worshipped at this tiny temple – a former park pavilion with glorious views over the bay. Oban's smallest restaurant serves up whole lobster cooked to order, baked crab, plump langoustines, and a seafood platter (£75 for two), which offers a taste of everything. Dinner is in two sittings (6.15pm and 8.30pm); bookings essential. Ee-uskSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-565666; www.eeusk.com; North Pier; mains £12-24; hnoon-3pm & 5.45-9.30pm; W) S Bright and modern Ee'usk (it's how you pronounce _iasg,_ Gaelic for fish) occupies a prime pier location. Floor-to-ceiling windows allow diners on two levels to enjoy sweeping views while sampling locally caught seafood ranging from fragrant fish cakes to langoustines and succulent fresh fish. A bevy of serving staff make it swift and efficient, and they make an effort to give you the best view available. It's a little pricey, perhaps, but both food and location are first class. Closes 9pm in winter. 8Information Lorn & Islands District General HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-567500; Glengallan Rd) Southern end of town. Oban Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-563122; www.oban.org.uk; 3 North Pier; h10am-5pm daily, extended weekday hours Apr-Oct) Helpful; on the waterfront. 8Getting There & Away The bus, train and ferry terminals are conveniently grouped together next to the harbour on the southern edge of the bay. Boat CalMac ( %0800 066 5000; www.calmac.co.uk) ferries link Oban with the islands of Mull, Coll, Tiree, Lismore, Colonsay, Barra and Lochboisdale (South Uist). See the relevant island entries for details. Information and reservations for all CalMac ferry services are available at the ferry terminal ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-562244; Railway Pier; h9am-6pm Mar-Oct) near the train station. Bus Scottish Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) operates most intercity coaches, while West Coast Motors (www.westcoastmotors.co.uk) runs local and regional services. A **Glasgow** (via Inveraray and Arrochar) £23.10, 3¼ hours, three daily A **Fort William** (via Appin and Ballachulish) £9.40, 1½ hours, two Monday to Saturday Train Oban is at the terminus of a scenic route that branches off the West Highland line at Crianlarich. The train isn't much use for travelling north − to reach Fort William requires a long detour (3¾ hours). Take the bus instead. A **Glasgow** £22, three hours, three daily A **Tyndrum/Crianlarich** £10.70, one hour, three daily ### Isle of Mull Population 2800 From the rugged ridges of Ben More and the black basalt crags of Burg to the blinding white sand, rose-pink granite and emerald waters that fringe the Ross, Mull can lay claim to some of the finest and most varied scenery in the Inner Hebrides. Noble birds of prey soar over mountain and coast, while the western waters provide good whale-watching. Add a lovely waterfront 'capital', an impressive castle, the sacred island of Iona and easy access from Oban and you can see why it's sometimes impossible to find a spare bed on the island. TTours West Coast ToursCOACH TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01631-566809; www.westcoasttours.co.uk; 1 Queens Park Pl; hApr-Oct) Offers a Three Isles day trip (adult/child £60/30, 10 hours, daily) from Oban that visits Mull, Iona and Staffa. The crossing to Staffa is weather dependent. Without Staffa, the trip is £40/20 and takes eight hours. Also runs various trips on Mull. Sea Life SurveysWILDLIFE WATCHING ( %01688-302916; www.sealifesurveys.com; Ledaig) Whale-watching trips head from Tobermory harbour to the waters north and west of Mull. An all-day whale-watch gives up to seven hours at sea (£80), and has a 95% success rate for sightings. The four-hour Wildlife Adventure cruise (adult/child £50/40) is better for young kids. Shorter seal-spotting excursions are also available. 8Information There's a bank with ATM in Tobermory, otherwise you can get cashback with a purchase from Co-op food stores. Craignure Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01680-812377; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun, to 7pm Jul & Aug) Opposite the ferry slip. Explore MullTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01688-302875; www.exploremull.com; Ledaig, Tobermory; h9am-5pm Easter-Oct, to 7pm Jul-Aug; W) In Tobermory car park. Local information, books all manner of island tours, hires bikes and has internet access. 8Getting There & Away Three CalMac (www.calmac.co.uk) car ferries link Mull with the mainland. A **Lochaline to Fishnish (£3.30/14.45, 15 minutes, at least hourly) On the east coast of Mull.** A **Oban to Craignure** (passenger/car £5.55/49.50, 40 minutes, every two hours) The busiest route − booking advised for cars. A **Tobermory to Kilchoan** (£5.30/27.50, 35 minutes, seven daily Monday to Saturday, plus five Sunday May to August) Links to the Ardnamurchan peninsula. 8Getting Around Bicycle You can hire bikes for around £15 per day from various places around the island, including Explore Mull in Tobermory. Bus West Coast Motors ( %01631-566809; www.westcoastmotors.co.uk) connects ferry ports and main villages. Its Discovery Day Pass (adult/child £15/7.50) is available from April to October and grants a day's unlimited bus travel. A **Craignure to Tobermory** (single/return £7/10, one hour, four to seven daily) A **Craignure to Fionnphort** (£9/14 single/return, 1¼ hours, three to four Monday to Saturday, one Sunday) A **Tobermory to Dervaig and Calgary** (single/return £3/5.10, two to four Monday to Saturday) Car Almost all of Mull's road network consists of single-track roads. There are petrol stations at Craignure, Fionnphort, Salen and Tobermory. Mull Self Drive ( %01680-300402; www.mullselfdrive.co.uk) rents small cars for £45/237 per day/week. Taxi Mull Taxi ( %07760-426351; www.mulltaxi.co.uk) is based in Tobermory, and has a vehicle that is wheelchair accessible. #### Duart Castle Duart CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01680-812309; www.duartcastle.com; adult/child £5.75/2.85; h10.30am-5pm daily May–mid-Oct, 11am-4pm Sun-Thu Apr) The ancestral seat of the Maclean clan enjoys a spectacular position on a rocky outcrop overlooking the Sound of Mull. Originally built in the 13th century, it was abandoned for 160 years before a 1912 restoration. As well as the dungeons, courtyard and battlements with memorable views, there's a lot of clan history – pantomime boos go to Lachlan Cattanach, who took his wife on an outing to an island in the strait, then left her there to drown when the tide came in. A bus to the castle meets some of the incoming ferries at Craignure, but it's a pretty walk too. #### Tobermory Population 1000 Mull's main town is a picturesque little fishing and yachting port with brightly painted houses arranged around a sheltered harbour. The children's TV program _Balamory_ was set here, and though the series stopped filming in 2004, regular repeats mean that the town still swarms in summer with toddlers (and nostalgic teenagers) towing parents around (you can get a _Balamory_ info sheet from tourist offices). 1Sights & Activities Hebridean Whale and Dolphin TrustWILDLIFE EXHIBITION ( %01688-302620; www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk; 28 Main St; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, 11am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct, 11am-5pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) S F This has displays, videos and interactive exhibits on whale and dolphin biology and ecology, and is a great place for kids to learn about sea mammals. It also provides information about volunteering and reporting sightings of whales and dolphins. Opening times are rather variable. Mull MuseumMUSEUM ( %01688-302603; www.mullmuseum.org.uk; Main St; admission by donation; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri plus most Sat Easter-Oct) Places to go on a rainy day include Mull Museum, which records the history of the island. There are interesting exhibits on crofting, and on the _Tobermory Galleon_ , a ship from the Spanish Armada that sank in Tobermory Bay in 1588 and has been the object of treasure seekers ever since. Marine Visitor CentreMUSEUM (www.tobermorymarinevisitorcentre.com; Ledaig; admission by donation; h9am-5pm Easter-Oct) By the harbour car park, this has good information on the local marine environment, and little touch pools with crabs and the like for the kids. ### THAR SHE BLOWS! The North Atlantic Drift, a swirling tendril of the Gulf Stream, carries warm water into the cold, nutrient-rich seas off the Scottish coast, resulting in huge blooms of plankton. Small fish feed on the plankton, and bigger fish feed on the smaller fish... This huge seafood smorgasbord attracts large numbers of marine mammals, from harbour porpoises and dolphins to minke whales and even – though sightings are rare – humpback and sperm whales. In contrast to Iceland and Norway, Scotland has cashed in on the abundance of minke whales off its coast by embracing whale watching rather than whaling. There are now dozens of operators around the coast offering whale-watching boat trips lasting from a couple of hours to all day; some have whale-sighting success rates of 95% in summer. While seals, porpoises and dolphins can be seen year-round, minke whales are migratory. The best time to see them is from June to August, with August being the peak month for sightings. The website of the **Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust** (www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk) has lots of information on the species you are likely to see, and how to identify them. A booklet titled _Is It a Whale?_ is available from tourist offices and bookshops, and provides tips on identifying the various species of marine mammal that you're likely to see. 4Sleeping Tobermory has dozens of B&Bs, but the place can still be booked solid in July and August, especially on weekends. Tobermory SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01688-302481; www.syha.org.uk; Main St; dm/q £19/84; hMar-Oct; i W) Great location in a Victorian house right on the waterfront, with dorms and good triples and quads for families. Was up for sale at the time of research with an uncertain future; it will hopefully remain a hostel. Tobermory CampsiteCAMPGROUND ( %01688-302624; www.tobermory-campsite.co.uk; Newdale, Dervaig Rd; tent site per adult/child £7.50/3; hMar-Oct; p #) S A quiet, family-friendly campground 1 mile west of town on the road to Dervaig. It also has a self-catering house and static caravans available. Credit and debit cards not accepted. Cuidhe LeathainB&B ( %01688-302504; www.cuidhe-leathain.co.uk; Breadalbane St; r £85; W) A handsome 19th-century house in the upper town, Cuidhe Leathain (coo-lane), which means Maclean's Corner, exudes a cosily cluttered Victorian atmosphere. The rooms are beautifully plush, with plunger coffee and decent teas, breakfasts will set you up for the rest of the day, and the owners are a fount of knowledge about Mull and its wildlife. Minimum two-night stay. Harbour ViewB&B ( %01688-301111; www.tobermorybandb.com; 1 Argyll Tce; s £65, d £80-90; W) This beautifully renovated fisherman's cottage is perched on the edge of Tobermory's 'upper town'. Exposed patches of original stone walls add a touch of character, while a new extension provides the family suite (two adjoining rooms with shared bathroom, sleeps four) with an outdoor terrace that enjoys breathtaking views across the harbour. Sonas HouseB&B ( %01688-302304; www.sonashouse.co.uk; The Fairways, Erray Rd; s/d £110/125, apt from £90; p W s) Here's a first – a B&B with a heated, indoor 10m swimming pool! Sonas is a large, modern house – follow signs to the golf course – offering luxury B&B in a beautiful setting with superb views over Tobermory Bay; ask for the 'Blue Poppy' bedroom, which has its own balcony. There's also a self-contained studio apartment with double bed. 5Eating & Drinking Fish & Chip VanFISH & CHIPS ( %01688-301109; www.tobermoryfishandchipvan.co.uk; Main St; mains £6-9; h12.30-9pm Mon-Sat Apr-Dec, plus Sun Jun-Sep, 12.30-7pm Mon-Sat Jan-Mar) If it's a takeaway you're after, you can tuck into some of Scotland's best gourmet fish and chips down on the waterfront. And where else will you find a chip van selling freshly cooked scallops? oCafé FishSEAFOOD ( %01688-301253; www.thecafefish.com; The Pier; mains £13-24; h11am-3pm & 5.30-9.30pm mid-Mar–Oct) Seafood doesn't come much fresher than the stuff served at this warm and welcoming little restaurant overlooking Tobermory harbour – as its motto says, 'The only things frozen are our fisherman'! Langoustines and squat lobsters go straight from boat to kitchen to join rich Tuscan-style seafood stew, fat scallops, fish pie and catch-of-the-day on the daily-changing menu, where confident use of Asian ingredients adds an extra dimension. Mishnish HotelPUB FOOD ( %01688-302009; www.mishnish.co.uk; Main St; mains £13-18; hfood noon-2pm & 6-9pm; W) 'The Mish' is a favourite hang-out for visiting yachties and a good place for a pint, or a meal at the restaurant. Wood-panelled and flag-draped, this is a good old traditional pub where you can listen to live folk music, toast your toes by the open fire, or challenge the locals to a game of pool. #### North Mull The road from Tobermory west to Calgary cuts inland, leaving most of the north coast of Mull wild and inaccessible. Just outside Tobermory, a long, single-track road leads north for 4 miles to majestic Glengorm Castle ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01688-302321; www.glengormcastle.co.uk; Glengorm; h10am-5pm May-Aug), with views across the sea to Ardnamurchan, Rum and the Outer Hebrides. The castle outbuildings house an **art gallery** featuring the work of local artists, a **farm shop** selling local produce and an excellent **coffee shop**. The castle itself is not open to the public, but you're free to explore its beautiful grounds. Mull's best (and busiest) silver-sand **beach** , flanked by cliffs and with views out to Coll and Tiree, is at **Calgary** , about 12 miles west of Tobermory. And yes – this is the place from which the more famous Calgary in Alberta, Canada, takes its name. 4Sleeping & Eating Calgary Bay CampsiteCAMPSITE (Calgary) F You can camp for free in a lovely setting at the southern end of the beach at Calgary Bay. There are no facilities other than the public toilets across the road; water comes from the stream. Dervaig HostelHOSTEL ( %01688-400491; www.mull-hostel-dervaig.co.uk; Dervaig; dm/q £18/60; p W) Basic but very comfortable bunkhouse accommodation in Dervaig's village hall, with self-catering kitchen and sitting room. oCalgary FarmhouseSELF-CATERING ( %01688-400256; www.calgary.co.uk; Calgary; apt & cottages per week summer £400-1275; p W) S This brilliant complex near Calgary beach offers a number of fantastic apartments, cottages and a farmhouse, sleeping from two to nine, beautifully designed and fitted out with timber furniture and wood-burning stoves. The Hayloft is spectacular, with noble oak and local art. We loved romantic Kittiwake (one/three days £100/225), a beautiful wooden camping cabin among the trees, with bay views, a boat for a ceiling and chemical toilet below decks. BellachroyHOTEL ( %01688-400225; www.thebellachroy.co.uk; Dervaig; s/d £70/100; p W #) The Bellachroy is an atmospheric 17th-century droving inn with six plain but comfortable bedrooms. The bar is a focus for local social life and serves decent, if somewhat overpriced, food. Glengorm Coffee ShopCAFE (www.glengormcastle.co.uk; Glengorm; light meals £3-8; h10am-5pm May-Aug; W) S Set in a cottage courtyard in the grounds of Glengorm Castle, this licensed cafe serves superb lunches (from noon to 4.30pm) – the menu changes daily, but includes sandwiches and salads (much of the salad veg is grown on the Glengorm estate), soups and tasty specials. Am BirlinnSCOTTISH ( %01688-400619; www.ambirlinn.com; Penmore, Dervaig; mains £13-23; h6-9pm Wed-Sun, plus noon-2pm Wed-Sun May-Oct) S Occupying a spacious modern wooden building between Dervaig and Calgary, this is an interesting dining option. Locally caught crustaceans and molluscs are the way to go here, though there are burgers, venison and other meat dishes available. Free pick-up and drop-off from Tobermory or other nearby spots is offered. #### South Mull The road from Craignure to Fionnphort climbs through some wild and desolate scenery before reaching the southwestern part of the island, which consists of a long peninsula called the **Ross of Mull**. The Ross has a spectacular south coast lined with black basalt cliffs that give way further west to white-sand beaches and pink granite crags. At the western end of the Ross, 38 miles from Craignure, is **Fionnphort** ( _finn_ -a-fort) and the ferry to **Iona**. The coast here is a beautiful blend of pink granite rocks, white sandy beaches and vivid turquoise sea. ### Isle of Iona Population 200 Like an emerald teardrop off Mull's western shore, enchanting, idyllic Iona, holy island and burial ground of kings, is a magical place that lives up to its lofty reputation. From the moment you embark on the ferry towards its sandy shores and green fields, you'll notice something different about it. St Columba sailed from Ireland and landed on Iona in 563 before setting out to spread Christianity throughout Scotland. He established a monastery on the island and it was here that the _Book of Kells_ – the prize attraction of Dublin's Trinity College – is believed to have been transcribed. It was taken to Kells in Ireland when Viking raids drove the monks from Iona. The monks returned and the monastery prospered until its destruction during the Reformation. The ruins were given to the Church of Scotland in 1899, and by 1910 a group of enthusiasts called the Iona Community had reconstructed the abbey. It's still a flourishing spiritual community that holds regular courses and retreats. 1Sights & Activities Past the abbey, look for a footpath on the left signposted **Dun I** (dun-ee). An easy 15-minute walk leads to Iona's highest point, with fantastic 360 degree views. Iona AbbeyHISTORIC BUILDING (HS; %01681-700512; adult/child £7.10/4.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) Iona's ancient but heavily reconstructed abbey is the spiritual heart of the island. The spectacular **nave** , dominated by Romanesque and early Gothic vaults and columns is a powerful space; a door on the left leads to the beautiful **cloister** , where medieval grave slabs sit alongside modern religious sculptures. Out the back, the new **museum** displays fabulous carved high crosses and other inscribed stones, along with lots of background information. A replica of the intricately carved St John's Cross stands outside the abbey. Next to the abbey is an ancient **graveyard** where there's an evocative Romanesque chapel as well as a mound that marks the burial place of 48 of Scotland's early kings, including Macbeth; the ruined **nunnery** nearby was established at the same time as the Benedictine abbey. Iona Heritage CentreMUSEUM ( %01681-700576; adult/child £2.50/1.50; h10.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct) Covers the history of Iona, crofting and lighthouses; there's a craft shop and cafe that serves delicious home baking. 4Sleeping & Eating oIona HostelHOSTEL ( %01681-700781; www.ionahostel.co.uk; dm adult/child £21/17.50; p W) S This working ecological croft and environmentally sensitive hostel is one of Scotland's most rewarding and tranquil places to stay. Lovable black Hebridean sheep surround the building, which features pretty, practical and comfy dorms, and an excellent kitchen-lounge. There's a fabulous beach nearby, and a hill to climb for views. It's just over a mile from the ferry, past the abbey. Iona CampsiteCAMPGROUND ( %01681-700112; www.ionacampsite.co.uk; tent site per adult/child £6.50/3; hApr-Oct; #) Basic campsite about 1 mile west of the ferry. oArgyll HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01681-700334; www.argyllhoteliona.co.uk; s £69, d £82-99; hMar-Oct; i W #) S This cute, higgledy-piggledy warren of a hotel has great service and appealing snug rooms (a sea view costs more – £150 for a double), including good-value family options. Most of the rooms look out to the rear, where a huge organic garden supplies the country-house restaurant ( %01681-700334; www.argyllhoteliona.co.uk; lunch £6-8, dinner mains £12-16; h12.15-2pm & 6.30-8pm; W) with wooden fireplace and antique tables and chairs. The menu includes home-grown salads, local seafood and Scottish beef and lamb. 8Getting There & Away The passenger ferry from Fionnphort to Iona (£5.10 return, five minutes, hourly) runs daily. There are also various day trips available from Oban to Iona. ### ISLE OF STAFFA Felix Mendelssohn, who visited the uninhabited island of Staffa in 1829, was inspired to compose _The Hebrides_ overture after hearing waves echoing in the impressive and cathedral-like **Fingal's Cave**. The cave walls and surrounding cliffs are composed of vertical, hexagonal basalt columns that look like pillars (Staffa is Norse for 'Pillar Island'). You can land on the island and walk into the cave via a causeway. Nearby **Boat Cave** can be seen from the causeway, but you can't reach it on foot. Staffa also has a sizeable puffin colony, north of the landing place. Unless you have your own boat, the only way to reach Staffa and the Treshnish Isles is on an organised boat trip. ## Fife Protruding like a serpent's head from Scotland's east coast, Fife (www.visitfife.com) is a tongue of land between the Firths of Forth and Tay. An atmosphere distinct from the rest of Scotland and a place in royal history has seen the region style itself as 'The Kingdom of Fife'. Though overdeveloped southern Fife is commuter-belt territory, the eastern part's rolling green farmland and quaint fishing villages are prime turf for exploration, and the fresh sea air feels like it's doing a power of good. Fife's biggest attraction, St Andrews, has Scotland's most venerable university and a wealth of historic buildings. It's also, of course, the home of golf, and draws professionals and keen amateurs alike to take on the Old Course − the classic links experience. 2Activities The Fife Coastal Path (www.fifecoastalpath.co.uk) runs more than 80 miles following the entire Fife coastline from the Forth Road Bridge to the Tay Bridge and beyond. It's well waymarked, picturesque and not too rigorous, though winds can buffet. It's easily accessed for shorter sections or day walks, and long stretches of it can be tackled on a mountain bike too. 8Getting Around The main bus operator here is Stagecoach Fife ( %0871 200 2233; www.stagecoachbus.com). For £8 you can buy a Fife Dayrider ticket, which gives one day's unlimited travel around Fife on Stagecoach buses. If you are driving from the Forth Road Bridge to St Andrews, a slower but much more scenic route than the M90/A91 is along the signposted **Fife Coastal Tourist Route**. ### St Andrews Population 16,900 For a small place, St Andrews has made a big name for itself. Firstly as religious centre, then as Scotland's oldest university town (and third-oldest in Britain), but it is its status as the home of golf that has propelled it to even greater fame, and today's pilgrims mostly arrive with a set of clubs. Nevertheless, it's a lovely place to visit even if you've no interest in the game, with impressive medieval ruins, stately university buildings, idyllic white sands and excellent accommodation and eating options. The Old Course, the world's most famous golf links, has a striking seaside location at the western end of town – it's a thrilling experience to stroll the hallowed turf. History St Andrews is said to have been founded by St Regulus (also known as St Rule), who arrived from Greece in the 4th century bringing with him the bones of St Andrew, Scotland's patron saint. The town soon grew into a major pilgrimage centre and St Andrews developed into the ecclesiastical capital of the country. The university, the first in Scotland, was founded in 1410. Golf has been played at St Andrews for more than 600 years; the game's governing body was founded here in 1754 and the imposing Royal & Ancient clubhouse was built 100 years later. St Andrews 1Top Sights 1St Andrews CastleF2 2St Andrews CathedralG3 1Sights 3British Golf MuseumB1 4St Andrews AquariumC1 5St Rule's TowerG3 6The ScoresC1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 7Caddie PavilionA1 8St Andrews Old CourseB1 4Sleeping 9Aslar HouseD3 10Cameron HouseC2 11Fairways of St AndrewsB2 12Five Pilmour PlaceB2 13McIntosh HallB2 14Ogstons on North StreetC2 15Old Fishergate HouseF3 16Six Murray ParkC2 17St Andrews Tourist HostelC3 5Eating 18B JannettaF3 19Café in the SquareD3 20Doll's HouseD3 21Glass HouseE3 22Northpoint CafeF3 23Seafood RestaurantC1 24The TailendD3 25Vine LeafD4 1Sights oSt Andrews CathedralRUIN (HS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; The Pends; adult/child £4.50/2.70, incl castle £7.20/4.40; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) The ruins of this cathedral are all that's left of one of Britain's most magnificent medieval buildings. You can appreciate the scale and majesty of the edifice from the small sections that remain standing. Although founded in 1160, it was not consecrated until 1318. It stood as the focus of this important pilgrimage centre until 1559, when it was pillaged during the Reformation. St Andrew's bones supposedly lie under the altar; until the cathedral was built, they had been enshrined in the nearby **Church of St Regulus** (or Rule). All that remains of this church is St Rule's Tower ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ), worth the climb for the view across St Andrews. There's also a museum with a collection of Celtic crosses and gravestones found on the site. The entrance fee only applies for the tower and museum; you can wander freely around the atmospheric ruins, a fine picnic spot. oSt Andrews CastleCASTLE (HS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; The Scores; adult/child £5.50/3.30, incl cathedral £7.20/4.40; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) The town's castle is mainly in ruins, but the site itself is evocative and has dramatic coastline views. It was founded around 1200 as a fortified home for the bishop of St Andrews. After the execution of Protestant reformers in 1545, other reformers retaliated by murdering Cardinal Beaton and taking over the castle. They spent almost a year holed up, during which they and their attackers dug a complex of **siege tunnels** ; you can walk (or stoop) along their damp mossy lengths. The visitor centre gives a good audiovisual introduction and has a small collection of Pictish stones. The ScoresSTREET ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ) From the castle, the Scores follows the coast west down to the first tee at the Old Course. Family-friendly St Andrews Aquarium ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.standrewsaquarium.co.uk; adult/child £10/7; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, to 6pm Sat & Sun; c) has a seal pool, rays and sharks from Scottish waters and exotic tropical favourites. Once introduced to our finny friends, you can snack on them with chips in the cafe. Nearby, the British Golf Museum ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.britishgolfmuseum.co.uk; Bruce Embankment; adult/child £6.50/3; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Sun Nov-Mar) has an extraordinarily comprehensive overview of the history and development of the game and the role of St Andrews in it. Favourite fact: bad players were formerly known as 'foozlers'. Interactive panels allow you to relive former British Opens (watch Paul Azinger snapping his putter in frustration), and there's a large collection of memorabilia from Open winners, both male and female. Opposite the museum is the **Royal & Ancient Golf Club**, which stands proudly at the head of the Old Course. Beside it stretches magnificent **West Sands** beach, made famous by the film _Chariots of Fire_. ### PLAYING THE OLD COURSE Golf has been played at St Andrews since the 15th century. By 1457 it was so popular that James II placed a ban on it because it interfered with his troops' archery practice. Although it lies beside the exclusive, all-male-membership Royal & Ancient Golf Club, the Old Course ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.standrews.org.uk; Golf Pl) is public. You'll need to book in advance to play via St Andrews Links Trust ( %01334-466666; www.standrews.org.uk). Reservations open on the first Wednesday in September the year before you wish to play. No bookings are taken for Saturdays or the month of September. Unless you've booked months in advance, getting a tee-off time is literally a lottery; enter the ballot at the caddie pavilion ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-466666; West Sands Rd) before 2pm two days before you wish to play (there's no Sunday play). Be warned that applications by ballot are normally heavily oversubscribed, and green fees are £160 in summer. Singles are not accepted in the ballot and should start queuing as early as possible on the day – 5am is good – in the hope of joining a group. You'll need a handicap certificate (24/36 for men/women). If your number doesn't come up, there are six other public courses in the area (book up to seven days in advance on 01334-466718, no handicap required), including the prestigious Castle Course (£120). Other summer green fees: New £75, Jubilee £75, Eden £45, Strathtyrum £30 and Balgove (nine-holer for beginners and kids) £15. There are various multiple-day tickets available. A caddie for your round costs £45 plus tip. If you play on a windy day, expect those scores to balloon: Nick Faldo famously stated, 'When it blows here, even the seagulls walk'. Guided walks (per person £3; h11am & 2pm Tue-Sun Jul & Aug) of the Old Course take in famous landmarks such as the Swilcan Bridge and the Road Hole bunker. They run from outside the shop by the 18th green and last 50 minutes. On Sunday, a three-hour walk (£6) takes you around the whole course. You are free to walk over the course on Sunday, or follow the footpaths around the edge at any time. 4Sleeping St Andrews accommodation is often heavily booked (especially in summer), so you're well advised to book in advance. Almost every house on Murray Park and Murray Pl is a guesthouse. St Andrews Tourist HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-479911; www.cowgatehostel.com/st-andrews; St Marys Pl; dm £11-13; W) Laid-back and central, this hostel is the only backpacker accommodation in town. Occupying a stately old building, it has high corniced ceilings, especially in the huge lounge. There's a laissez-faire approach, which can verge on chaotic at times, but the staff and location can't be beat. Reception closed between 2pm and 5pm. Five Pilmour PlaceB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-478665; www.5pilmourplace.com; 5 Pilmour Pl; s/d from £75/110; i W) Just around the corner from the Old Course, this luxurious and intimate spot offers stylish, compact rooms with an eclectic range of styles as well as modern conveniences such as flatscreen TV and DVD player. The king-size beds are especially comfortable, and the lounge area is a stylish treat. Aslar HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-473460; www.aslar.com; 120 North St; s/d/ste £55/100/110; hFeb–mid-Nov; W) The rooms are so impeccable at this place that it's frightening to imagine how much work goes on behind the scenes. The modern comforts don't detract from the house's historical features (including a whimsical turret room) and certainly add value. The master suite is very spacious and a good small extra investment. No under-16s. Old Fishergate HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-470874; www.oldfishergatehouse.co.uk; North Castle St; s/d £80/110; W) This historic 17th-century town house, furnished with period pieces, is in a great location – the oldest part of town, close to the cathedral and castle. The two twin rooms are very spacious and even have their own sitting room. On a scale of one to 10 for quaintness, we'd rate it about 9½. Cracking breakfast menu features fresh fish and pancakes. Cameron HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-472306; www.cameronhouse-sta.co.uk; 11 Murray Park; s/d £50/90; W) Beautifully decorated rooms and warm, cheerful hosts make this a real home away from home on this guesthouse-filled street. The two single rooms share a bathroom. Prices drop £10 per person outside peak season. Six Murray ParkB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-473319; www.sixmurraypark.co.uk; 6 Murray Park; s/d from £65/100; W) Enticing rooms with classy contemporary styling make this a most appealing option on this street bristling with guesthouses. University of St AndrewsUNIVERSITY ACCOMMODATION ( %01334-463000; www.discoverstandrews.com; hJun-Aug; p i W) S During the university summer vacation, three student residences open up as visitor accommodation. There's the B&B-style Agnes Blackadder Hall ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; North Haugh; s/d £61/88) and self-catering apartments sleeping up to six at David Russell Hall ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Buchanan Gdns; s/d £77/131); both are on the main campus west of town. There are cheaper rooms in the central McIntosh Hall ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; s/d £41/70). These prices are all good value for the standard of accommodation on offer. Fairways of St AndrewsB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-479513; www.fairwaysofstandrews.co.uk; 8a Golf Pl; d £130-170; W) Just a few paces from golf's most famous 18th green, this is more of a boutique hotel than a B&B, despite its small size. There are just three super-stylish rooms; the best on the top floor is huge and has its own balcony with views over the Old Course. Ogstons on North StreetHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-473387; www.ogstonsonnorthst.com; 127 North St; r £120-180; W) If you want to eat, drink and sleep in the same stylish place, this classy inn could be for you. Rooms feature elegant contemporary styling and beautiful bathrooms, some with spa. There are also DVD players, iPod docks, crisp white linen and large windows that give the rooms an airy feel. 5Eating Northpoint CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 24 North St; mains £3-7; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat; W) The cafe where Prince William famously met his future wife Kate Middleton while they were both students at St Andrews. It serves good coffee and a broad range of breakfast fare, from porridge topped with banana to toasted bagels, pancake stacks and classic fry-ups. Café in the SquareCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cafeinthesquare.co.uk; 4 Church Sq; mains £4-8; h11am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus Sun in summer) Hidden away down the side of the library, this upbeat wee coffee stop also makes a good venue for a light lunch, with sandwiches, panini and salads and a couple of secluded picnic tables out the back. TailendFISH & CHIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thetailend.co.uk; 130 Market St; takeaway £4-8; h11.30am-10pm, seven days ) S Delicious fresh fish sourced from Arbroath, just up the coast, puts this a class above most chippies. It fries to order and it's worth the wait. The array of exquisite smoked delicacies at the counter will have you planning a picnic or fighting for a table in the licensed cafe out the back. B JannettaICE CREAM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-473285; www.jannettas.co.uk; 31 South St; 2-scoop cone £2.25; h9am-9pm) Jannetta's is a St Andrews institution, offering 52 varieties of ice cream, from the weird (Irn-Bru sorbet) to the decadent (strawberries and champagne). Doll's HouseSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-477422; www.dolls-house.co.uk; 3 Church Sq; mains £12-18; c) With its high-backed chairs, bright colours and creaky wooden floor, the Doll's House blends a Victorian child's bedroom with modern stylings. The result is a surprising warmth and no pretensions. The menu makes the most of local fish and other Scottish produce, and the £6.95 two-course lunch is unbeatable value. The early evening two-course deal for £11.95 isn't bad, either. Glass HouseITALIAN, SCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.glasshouse-restaurant.co.uk; 80 North St; mains £8-11; hnoon-10.30pm) Casual but comfortable, this restaurant offers plenty of light in its split-level, open-kitchen dining area. The menu is basically Italian, with attractively presented pizzas and pastas popular with students. But a handful of daily specials offer more Scottish meat-and-game choices of notable quality. Two-course lunches cost £7. oVine LeafSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-477497; www.vineleafstandrews.co.uk; 131 South St; 2-/3-course dinner £27/30; h6-10pm Tue-Sat; v) Classy, comfortable and well-established, the friendly Vine Leaf offers a changing menu of sumptuous Scottish seafood, game and vegetarian dishes. There's a huge selection within the set-price menu, all well presented, and an interesting, mostly old-world wine list. It's down a close off South St. Seafood RestaurantSEAFOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-479475; www.theseafoodrestaurant.com; The Scores; mains £13-28; hnoon-2.30pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-3pm Sun, 6-10pm daily) S The Seafood Restaurant occupies a stylish glass-walled room, built out over the sea, with plush navy carpet, crisp white linen, an open kitchen and panoramic views of St Andrews Bay. It offers top-notch seafood and an excellent wine list; look out for its special winter deals. 8Information J&G InnesBOOKS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.jg-innes.co.uk; 107 South St; h9am-5.15pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-4.30pm Sun) Plenty of local-interest books, such as ones about Fife's history of burning witches. LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Church Sq; h9.30am-5pm Mon, Fri & Sat, to 7pm Tue-Thu) Free internet access – drop-in only; no bookings. St Andrews Community HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-465656; www.nhsfife.org; Largo Rd) Has a minor injuries unit. St Andrews Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-472021; www.visitstandrews.com; 70 Market St; h9.15am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, shorter hr rest of yr) Helpful staff with good knowledge of St Andrews and Fife. 8Getting There & Away Bus All buses leave from the bus station on Station Rd. There are frequent services to the following: A **Anstruther** £3.20, 25 minutes, hourly A **Crail** £4, 25 minutes, hourly A **Dundee** £4.50, 30 minutes, half-hourly A **Edinburgh** £10.45, two hours, hourly A **Glasgow** £10.45, 2½ hours, hourly A **Stirling** £7.80, two hours, every two hours Monday to Saturday Train There is no train station in St Andrews itself, but you can take a train from Edinburgh (grab a seat on the right-hand side of the carriage for great firth views) to Leuchars (£13.50, one hour, hourly), 5 miles to the northwest. From here, buses leave regularly for St Andrews (£2.75, 10 minutes). 8Getting Around To order a cab, call Golf City Taxis ( %01334-477788; www.golfcitytaxis.co.uk). A taxi between Leuchars train station and the town centre costs around £12. Spokes ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01334-477835; www.spokescycles.com; 37 South St; per day/week £15/80; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) hires out mountain bikes. ### East Neuk This charming stretch of coast runs south from St Andrews to the point at Fife Ness, then west to Leven. Neuk is an old Scots word for corner, and it's certainly an appealing nook of the country to investigate, with picturesque fishing villages, some great restaurants and pretty coastal walks; the Fife Coastal Path's most scenic stretches are in this area. It's easily visited from St Andrews, but also makes a very pleasant place to stay. #### Crail Population 1640 Pretty and peaceful, little Crail has a much-photographed stone-built harbour surrounded by wee cottages with red-tiled roofs. You can buy lobster and crab from a shed (34 Shoregate; mains £4-5; hnoon-4pm Sat & Sun) here – the benches in the nearby grassed area are perfectly placed for munching your al fresco crustaceans while admiring the view across to the Isle of May. The village's history and involvement with the fishing industry is outlined in the Crail Museum (www.crailmuseum.org.uk; 62 Marketgate; h11am-4pm Mon-Sat, 1-4pm Sun Jun-Sep, Sat & Sun only May), which also offers tourist information. Eighteenth-century Selcraig House ( %01333-450697; www.selcraighouse.co.uk; 47 Nethergate; s/d £35/70; W #) is a characterful, well-run place with a variety of rooms. Across the road from the museum, a lot of work has gone into making Hazelton Guest House ( %01333-450250; www.thehazelton.co.uk; 29 Marketgate North; s £45-50, d £70-85; W) what it is. Attractively remodelled rooms make full use of the abundant natural light in this lovely old building. Crail is 10 miles southeast of St Andrews. Stagecoach bus 95 between Leven, Anstruther, Crail and St Andrews passes through Crail hourly every day (£4, 25 minutes to St Andrews). #### Anstruther Population 3450 Once among Scotland's busiest ports, cheery Anstruther has ridden the tribulations of the fishing industry better than some, and now has a very pleasant mixture of bobbing boats, historic streets, and visitors ambling around the harbour grazing on fish and chips or contemplating a trip to the Isle of May. 1Sights The displays at the excellent Scottish Fisheries Museum (www.scotfishmuseum.org; adult/child £7/free; h10am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4.30pm Sun Oct-Mar) include the **Zulu Gallery** , which houses the huge, partly restored hull of a traditional Zulu-class fishing boat, redolent with the scent of tar and timber. Afloat in the harbour outside the museum lies the _Reaper_ , a fully restored Fifie-class fishing boat built in 1902. The mile-long **Isle of May** , 6 miles southeast of Anstruther, is a stunning nature reserve. Between April and July the intimidating cliffs are packed with breeding kittiwakes, razorbills, guillemots, shags and around 40,000 puffins. The five-hour trip to the island on the May Princess ( %01333-311808; www.isleofmayferry.com; adult/child £24/12), including two to three hours ashore, sails almost daily from April to September; check times by phone or via the website. There's also a faster boat, the 12-seater rigid-hull inflatable Osprey ( %07473 631671; www.isleofmayboattrips.co.uk; adult/child £25/12; hApr-Sep), which makes nonlanding circuits of the island and longer visits. 4Sleeping & Eating oSpindriftB&B ( %01333-310573; www.thespindrift.co.uk; Pittenweem Rd; s/d £58/85; p W #) Arriving from the west, there's no need to go further than Anstruther's first house on the left, a redoubt of Scottish cheer and warm hospitality. The rooms are elegant, classy and extremely comfortable – some have views across to Edinburgh and one is like a ship's cabin, courtesy of the sea captain who once owned the house. Wee ChippyFISH & CHIPS (4 Shore St; takeaway £4-6; hnoon-10pm Apr-Sep, to 9pm Oct-Mar) S The Anstruther Fish Bar is one of Britain's best chippies, but we – and plenty of locals – reckon this one might be even better. The fish is of a very high quality and there's less of a queue too. Eat your catch by the water. Dreel TavernPUB FOOD (www.dreeltavern.com; 16 High St W; mains £8-12; hfood served noon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Mon-Sat, 1-7.30pm Sun; c) This charming old pub on the banks of the Dreel Burn has bucketloads of character and serves reliably tasty bar meals. Chow down in the outdoor beer garden in summer. There are also some top-quality cask ales. oCellar RestaurantSEAFOOD ( %01333-310378; www.thecellaranstruther.co.uk; 24 East Green; Menu £42 ; hLunch Thu-Sun, dinner Wed-Sun ) Tucked away in an alley behind the Scottish Fisheries Museum, the elegant and upmarket Cellar has been famous for its superb seafood and fine wines since 1982; recently under new management, it is as good as ever. Try the local crab, lobster or whatever delicacies have been brought in that day. Advance bookings are essential. 8Information Anstruther Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01333-311073; www.visitfife.com; Harbourhead; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct) The best tourist office in the East Neuk. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach bus X60 runs hourly from Edinburgh to Anstruther (£10.45, 2¼ hours) and on to St Andrews (£3.20, 25 minutes). Bus 95 runs from Anstruther to Crail (£2.05, 12 minutes, hourly). ### Falkland Population 1100 Below the soft ridges of the Lomond Hills in the centre of Fife lies the charming village of Falkland. Rising majestically out of the town centre is 16th-century Falkland Palace (NTS; www.nts.org.uk; adult/child £12.50/9; h11am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun Mar-Oct), a country residence of the Stuart monarchs, where Mary, Queen of Scots, is said to have spent the happiest days of her life 'playing the country girl in the woods and parks'. The palace was built between 1501 and 1541 to replace a castle dating from the 12th century; French and Scottish craftspeople were employed to create a masterpiece of Scottish Gothic architecture. The **king's bedchamber** and the **chapel** , with its beautiful painted ceiling, have both been restored. Don't miss the prodigious 17th-century Flemish hunting **tapestries** in the hall, and the oldest **royal tennis court** in Britain, built in 1539 for James V. It's in the grounds and still in use. Falkland village is 11 miles north of Kirkcaldy. Stagecoach bus 64 links St Andrews to Falkland direct (£5.30, 1½ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). If travelling from Edinburgh (£11.70, hourly Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday), change buses at Glenrothes. ### Dunfermline Population 49,700 Historic, monastic Dunfermline is Fife's largest population centre, sprawling eastwards through once-distinct villages. Its noble history is centred on evocative Dunfermline Abbey (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; St Margaret St; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm daily Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct, 9.30am-4.30pm Sat-Wed Nov-Mar), founded by David I in the 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. Dunfermline was already favoured by religious royals; Malcolm III married the exiled Saxon princess Margaret here in the 11th century, and both chose to be interred here. There were many more royal burials, none more notable than Robert the Bruce, whose remains were discovered here in 1818. What's left of the abbey are the **ruins** of the impressive three-tiered refectory building, and the atmosphere-laden nave of the church, endowed with geometrically patterned columns and fine Romanesque and Gothic windows. It adjoins the 19th-century church ( h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat, 2-4.30pm Sun Apr-Oct) where Robert the Bruce now lies under the ornate pulpit. Next to the refectory (and included in your abbey admission price) is **Dunfermline Palace**. Once the abbey guesthouse, it was converted for James VI, whose son, the ill-fated Charles I, was born here in 1600. Below stretches the bosky, strollable **Pittencrieff Park**. There are frequent buses between Dunfermline and Edinburgh (£5.30, 50 minutes), Stirling (£4.70, 1¼ hours) and St Andrews (£10.45, 1¼ hours), and trains to/from Edinburgh (£5.10, 40 minutes). ### Culross Population 400 An enchanting little town, Culross (koo- _ross_ ) is Scotland's best-preserved example of a 17th-century Scottish burgh: the National Trust for Scotland (NTS) owns 20 of the town's buildings, including the palace. Small, red-tiled, whitewashed buildings line the cobbled streets, and the winding Back Causeway to the abbey is embellished with whimsical stone cottages. As birthplace of St Mungo, Glasgow's patron saint, Culross was an important religious centre from the 6th century. The burgh developed, under laird George Bruce, by mining coal through extraordinary under­water tunnels. When mining was ended by flooding of the tunnels, the town switched to making linen and shoes. Culross Palace (NTS; www.nts.org.uk; adult/child £10.50/7.50; hnoon-5pm Thu-Mon Apr-May & Sep, noon-5pm daily Jun-Aug, noon-4pm Thu-Mon Oct) is more a large house than a palace, and features extraordinary decorative painted woodwork, barrel-vaulted ceilings and an interior largely unchanged since the early 17th century. The **Town House** (tourist office downstairs) and the **Study** , also completed in the early 17th century, are open to the public (via guided tour included in palace admission), but the other NTS properties can only be viewed from the outside. Ruined Culross Abbey (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h9.30am-7pm Mon-Sat, 2-7pm Sun Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat, 2-4pm Sun Oct-Mar), founded by the Cistercians in 1217, is on the hill in a lovely peaceful spot with vistas of the firth. Part of the ruins were converted into the parish church in the 16th century; it's worth a peek inside for the stained glass and the Gothic Argyll tomb. Culross is 12 miles west of the Forth Road Bridge. Stagecoach bus 78 runs from Dunfermline (£2.75, 25 minutes, hourly) via Culross to Stirling (£4.70, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). ## 2Driving Tour The Fife Coast **Start** Stirling **End** St Andrews **Length** 76 miles; one day This tour links two of the most popular tourist towns in Central Scotland via the scenic delights of the Fife coast. Head south from Stirling on the M9 and at Junction 7 turn east towards Kincardine Bridge. As you approach the bridge, follow signs for Kincardine and Kirkcaldy then, once across the Firth of Forth, follow the Fife Coastal Tourist Route signposts to the historic village of 1 **Culross**. Spend an hour or so exploring the medieval buildings of Culross before continuing via the A994 to 2 **Dunfermline** , for a look at its fine abbey and palace ruins. From Dunfermline take the M90 towards the Forth Road Bridge, but leave at Junction 1 (signposted A921 Dalgety Bay) and continue to the attractive seaside village of 3 **Aberdour** for lunch at the Aberdour Inn or the Room with a View restaurant. Stay on the A921 as far as Kirkcaldy, then take the faster A915 (signposted St Andrews) as far as Upper Largo where you follow the A917 towards Elie; from here on, you will be following the brown Fife Coastal Tourist Route signs. 4 **Elie** , with its sandy beaches and coastal footpaths, is a great place to stretch your legs and take in some bracing sea air before driving just a couple of miles further on to explore the neighbouring fishing villages of 5 **St Monans** and 6 **Pittenweem**. Just 1 mile beyond Pittenweem, 7 **Anstruther** deserves a slightly longer stop for a visit to the Scottish Fisheries Museum, a stroll by the harbour, and an ice cream. If time allows, you may want to detour inland a couple of miles to visit Kellie Castle or Scotland's Secret Bunker. The final stop before St Andrews is the pretty fishing village of 8 **Crail** , where the late afternoon or early evening light will provide ideal conditions for capturing one of Scotland's most photographed harbours. A brisk hike along the coastal path towards Fife Ness, keeping an eye out for seals and seabirds, will round off the day before driving the last 10 miles into St Andrews. ## Lowland Perthshire ### Perth Population 46,970 Elegantly arranged along the banks of the Tay, this former capital of Scotland is a most liveable place, with large tracts of enticing parkland surrounding an easily managed centre. On its outskirts lies Scone Palace, a country house of staggering luxury built alongside the ancient crowning place of Scotland's kings. The palace is a must-see, and the town itself – known as the Fair City – is endowed with fine galleries and excellent restaurants, and is within easy striking distance of both Edinburgh and Glasgow. Perth 1Top Sights 1Fergusson GalleryC4 2St John's KirkC3 1Sights 3Black Watch MuseumB1 4Perth Museum & Art GalleryC2 4Sleeping 5Kinnaird Guest HouseC4 6ParklandsB4 7Pitcullen Guest HouseD1 5Eating 863 Tay StreetC4 9BreizhC3 10Deans@Let's EatC2 11Pig'HalleC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 12Twa TamsB4 1Sights oScone PalacePALACE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.scone-palace.co.uk; adult/child/family £10.50/7.60/33; hpalace & grounds 9.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, grounds only 10am-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Mar) 'So thanks to all at once and to each one, whom we invite to see us crowned at Scone.' This line from _Macbeth_ indicates the importance of Scone (pronounced 'skoon') as the coronation place of Scottish monarchs. The original palace of 1580, built on a site intrinsic to Scottish history, was rebuilt in the early 19th century as a Georgian mansion of extreme elegance and luxury. The visit takes you through a succession of sumptuous rooms filled with fine French furniture and noble portraits. Scone has belonged for centuries to the Murray family, Earls of Mansfield, and many of the objects have fascinating history attached to them (friendly guides are on hand to explain). Each room has comprehensive multilingual information; there are also panels relating histories of some of the Scottish kings crowned at Scone over the centuries. Outside, peacocks – each named after a monarch – strut around the magnificent grounds, which incorporate woods, a butterfly garden and a maze. Ancient kings were crowned on **Moot Hill** , now topped by a chapel next to the palace. It's said that the hill was created by bootfuls of earth, brought by nobles attending the coronations as an acknowledgement of the king's rights over their lands, although it's more likely the site of an ancient motte-and-bailey castle. Here in 838, Kenneth MacAlpin became the first king of a united Scotland and brought to Scone the **Stone of Destiny** , on which Scottish kings were ceremonially invested. In 1296 Edward I of England carted this talisman off to Westminster Abbey, where it remained for 700 years before being returned to Scotland in 1997. Scone Palace is 2 miles north of Perth; from the town centre, cross the bridge, turn left, and keep bearing left until you reach the gates of the estate. From here, it's a another half-mile to the palace (about 30 minutes' walk). Various buses from town stop here; the tourist office has a printout of timetables. oFergusson GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pkc.gov.uk; cnr Marshall Pl & Tay St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus noon-4.30pm Sun May-Sep) F Beautifully set in a circular cast-iron building that was once a waterworks, this gallery exhibits an extensive collection of paintings by the Scottish Colourist JD Fergusson in a most impressive display. Fergusson spent time in Paris, and the influence of artists such as Matisse on his work is evident; his voluptuous female portraits against a tropical-looking Riviera background are memorable, as is the story of his lifelong relationship with noted Scottish dancer Margaret Morris. oSt John's KirkCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.st-johns-kirk.co.uk; St John's St; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat May-Sep) F Daunting St John's Kirk, surrounded by cobbled streets, was founded in 1126 and is still the centrepiece of the town. In 1559 John Knox preached a powerful sermon here that helped begin the Reformation, inci­ting a frenzied destruction of Scone abbey and other religious sites. Perth used to be known as St John's Town after this church, and the local football team is still called St Johnstone. Perth Museum & Art GalleryMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pkc.gov.uk; cnr George & Charlotte Sts; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 10am-5pm Sun Apr-Oct) F The city's main museum is worth wandering through for the elegant neoclassical interior alone. There's a varied range of exhibits, from portraits of dour lairds to interesting local social history. A geological room provides more entertainment for the young, while there are often excellent temporary exhibitions. Black Watch MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theblackwatch.co.uk; Hay St; adult/child £7.50/3.50; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat, plus 10am-4pm Sun Apr-Oct) Housed in Balhousie Castle on the edge of North Inch, this museum honours what was once Scotland's foremost regiment. Formed in 1725 to combat rural banditry, the Black Watch fought in numerous campaigns, re-created here with paintings, memorabilia and anecdotes. Little attempt at perspective is evident: there's justifiable pride in the regiment's role in the gruelling trench warfare of WWI, where it suffered nearly 30,000 casualties, but no sheepishness about less glorious colonial engagements, such as against the 'Fuzzy Wuzzies' of Sudan. In 2006 the Black Watch was subsumed into the new Royal Regiment of Scotland. 4Sleeping Perth SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-877800; www.syha.org.uk; Crieff Rd; dm/tw £23/46; hlate Jun-late Aug) A 20-minute stroll from the centre, this summer-only hostel is set in a student residence at Perth College. The rooms are all en suite twins, with good share kitchens and common rooms. For some reason, there's a price jump for a week in July. Turn into the Brahan entrance on Crieff Rd, and the hostel is by the large car park. Numerous buses stop outside. ParklandsHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-622451; www.theparklandshotel.com; 2 St Leonard's Bank; s/d from £94/119; p i W) Tucked away near Perth train station, this relaxing, renovated hotel sits amid a lush hillside garden overlooking the parklands of South Inch. While the rooms conserve the character of this beautiful building, formerly the residence of the town's mayors, they also offer modern conveniences and plenty of style. There's a great terrace and garden area to lap up the Perthshire sun. Pitcullen Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-626506; www.pitcullen.co.uk; 17 Pitcullen Cres; s/d £50/70; p W) This excellent place has a much more contemporary look than other guesthouses on this strip. Great-looking fabrics and modern styling give the rooms an upbeat feel. Lots of thought has gone into making your stay more comfortable, with things like fridges with free drinks in the rooms, plenty of plugs to make recharging easy and handy maps on the walls. Kinnaird Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-628021; www.kinnaird-guesthouse.co.uk; 5 Marshall Pl; s £45-65, d £60-80; p W) The best of the handful of guest houses enjoying a privileged position opposite the lovely South Inch park, this elegant old house has original features and appealing, bright rooms with big beds. It's all impeccable, with nice touches like bathrobes and teddy bears on the beds. The owners are engaging and helpful; breakfast features organic produce and quality bacon. The back rooms receive occasional train noise. 5Eating & Drinking o63 Tay StreetSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-441451; www.63taystreet.com; 63 Tay St; lunch mains £13.50, 4-course dinner £42; hnoon-2pm Thu-Sat, 5.45-9pm Tue-Fri, 6.30-9pm Sat) Classy and warmly welcoming, this understated restaurant is Perth's best, featuring a lightly decorated dining area, excellent service and quality food. In a culinary Auld Alliance, French influence is applied to the best of Scottish produce to produce memorable game, seafood, beef and vegetarian plates. BreizhBISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-444427; www.cafebreizh.co.uk; 28 High St; mains £7-17; h9am-9pm Sun-Thu, to 9.30pm Fri & Sat) This funkily French bistro – the name is Breton for Brittany – is a treat. Dishes are served with real panache, and the salads, featuring all sorts of delicious ingredients, are a feast of colour, texture and subtle flavours. The blackboard specials offer great value and a real taste of northwest France, including traditional _galettes_ (Breton buckwheat pancakes with savoury fillings). Deans@Let's EatSCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-643377; www.letseatperth.co.uk; 77 Kinnoull St; mains £14-20; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat) A Perth favourite for splashing out on a special meal, this busy corner restaurant has a can-do attitude and an excellent line in fresh Scottish produce. Juicy scallops, fine Orkney beef, local venison or lamb may feature, but you can't really go wrong. Recession-busting lunch and dinner set menus are a good way to graze here on a budget. Pig'HalleFRENCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.pighalle.co.uk; 38 South St; mains £10-19; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-9.30pm Tue-Sun) A spacious bistro that presents the very best of pork products through traditional regional French cuisine. The sample platter of charcuterie is fabulous value, there are succulent mains and there's a decent selection of Gallic wines to accompany them. There are other dishes on the menu if pig ain't your thing, and a cheap early dinner deal. Twa TamsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.twatams-perth.co.uk; 79 Scott St; h11am-11pm Mon-Wed, to 12.30am Thu-Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun) Perth's best pub has a strange outdoor space with windows peering out onto the street, an ornate entrance gate and a large, cosy interior. There are regular events, including live music every Friday and Saturday night; it has a sound reputation for attracting talented young bands. 8Information AK Bell LibraryINTERNET ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; York Pl; h9.30am-5pm Mon, Wed & Fri, to 8pm Tue & Thu, to 4pm Sat) Free internet; lots of terminals. Perth Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-450600; www.perthshire.co.uk; West Mill St; h9am-5pm daily Apr-Oct, Mon-Sat Nov-Mar) Efficiently run tourist office. Perth Royal InfirmaryHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01738-623311; www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk; Taymount Tce) West of the town centre. 8Getting There & Away Bus Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) operates, from the bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Leonard St), services to/from these cities: A **Dundee** £7.50, 40 minutes, hourly A **Edinburgh** £12, 1¾ hours, hourly A **Glasgow** £12, 1½ hours, hourly A **Inverness** £21, three hours, at least five daily A **Stirling** £9, 55 minutes, hourly Further buses run from the Broxden Park & Ride on Glasgow Rd; this is connected regularly with the bus station by shuttle bus. These include Megabus (www.megabus.com) discount services to Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee and Inverness. Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) buses serve Perthshire destinations regularly, with reduced Sunday service. A Tayside Megarider ticket gives you seven days travel in Perth and Kinross, and Dundee and Angus for £26. Train Trains run between Perth and various destinations, including the following: A **Dundee** £7.60, 20 to 30 minutes, twice hourly, fewer on Sunday A **Edinburgh** £15.60, 1¼ hours, at least hourly Monday to Saturday, every two hours Sunday A **Glasgow** £15.60, one hour, at least hourly Monday to Saturday, every two hours Sunday A **Pitlochry** £13.20, 30 minutes, two hourly, fewer on Sunday A **Stirling** £8, 30 minutes, one or two per hour ## Dundee & Angus Angus is a region of fertile farmland stretching north from Dundee – Scotland's fourth-largest city – to the Highland border. It's an attractive area of broad straths (valleys) and low, green hills contrasting with the rich, red-brown soil of freshly ploughed fields. Romantic glens finger their way into the foothills of the Grampian Mountains, while the scenic coastline ranges from the red-sandstone cliffs of Arbroath to the long, sandy beaches around Montrose. This was the Pictish heartland of the 7th and 8th centuries, and many interesting Pictish symbol stones survive here. Apart from the crowds visiting Discovery Point in newly confident Dundee and the coach parties shuffling through Glamis Castle, Angus is a bit of a tourism backwater – a good place to get away from it all. ### Dundee Population 147,300 London's Trafalgar Sq has Nelson on his column, Edinburgh's Princes St has its monument to Sir Walter Scott and Belfast has a statue of Queen Victoria outside City Hall. Dundee's City Sq, on the other hand, is graced – rather endearingly – by the bronze figure of Desperate Dan. Familiar to generations of British school children, Dan is one of the best-loved cartoon characters from the children's comic _The Dandy,_ published by Dundee firm DC Thomson since 1937. Dundee enjoys perhaps the finest location of any Scottish city, spreading along the northern shore of the Firth of Tay, and boasts tourist attractions of national importance in Discovery Point and the Verdant Works museum. Add in the attractive seaside town of Broughty Ferry and the Dundonians themselves – among the friendliest, most welcoming and most entertaining people you'll meet – and Dundee is definitely worth a stopover. The waterfront around Discovery Point is currently undergoing a massive redevelopment, preparing the ground for a branch of London's **Victoria & Albert Museum** (scheduled to open in 2016). In the meantime, be prepared for construction sites, temporary street layouts and traffic diversions on the approach to the Tay Bridge. 1Sights oDiscovery PointMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rrsdiscovery.com; Discovery Quay; adult/child/family £8.75/5.25/25; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun Apr-Oct, to 5pm Nov-Mar) The three masts of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's famous polar expedition vessel the **RRS Discovery** dominate the riverside to the south of the city centre. Exhibitions and audiovisual displays in the neighbouring visitor centre provide a fascinating history of both the ship and Antarctic exploration, but _Discovery_ itself – afloat in a protected dock – is the star attraction. You can visit the bridge, the galley and the mahogany-panelled officers' wardroom, and poke your nose into the cabins used by Scott and his crew. The ship was built in Dundee in 1900, with a wooden hull at least half a metre thick to survive the pack ice, and sailed for the Antarctic in 1901, where it spent two winters trapped in the ice. From 1931 on it was laid up in London where its condition steadily deteriorated, until it was rescued by the efforts of Peter Scott (Robert's son) and the Maritime Trust, and restored to its 1925 condition. In 1986 the ship was given a berth in its home port of Dundee, where it became a symbol of the city's regeneration. A joint ticket that gives entry to both Discovery Point and the Verdant Works costs £15/8.50/40 per adult/child/family. oVerdant WorksMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.verdantworks.com; West Henderson's Wynd; adult/child/familiy £8.75/5.25/25; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun Apr-Oct, 10.30am-4.30pm Wed-Sun Nov-Mar) One of the fi­nest industrial museums in Europe, the Verdant Works explores the history of Dundee's jute industry. Housed in a restored jute mill, complete with original machinery still in working condition, the museum's interactive exhibits and computer displays follow the raw material from its origins in India through to the manufacture of a wide range of finished products, from sacking to rope to wagon covers for the pioneers of the American West. The museum is 250m west of the city centre and is operating while undergoing a major renovation that will restore more buildings and double the size of the exhibition space. McManus GalleriesMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mcmanus.co.uk; Albert Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-4.30pm Sun) F Housed in a solid Victorian Gothic building designed by Gilbert Scott in 1867, the McManus Galleries are a city museum on a human scale – you can see everything there is to see in a single visit, without feeling rushed or overwhelmed. The exhibits cover the history of the city from the Iron Age to the present day, including relics of the Tay Bridge Disaster and the Dundee whaling industry. Computer geeks will enjoy the Sinclair ZX81 and Spectrum (pioneering personal computers with a whole 16K of memory!) which were made in Dundee in the early 1980s. Dundee Contemporary ArtsARTS CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.dca.org.uk; Nethergate; h11am-6pm Tue, Wed & Fri-Sun, 11am-8pm Thu) F The focus for the city's Cultural Quarter is Dundee Contemporary Arts, a centre for modern art, design and cinema. The galleries here exhibit work by contemporary UK and international artists, and there are printmakers' studios where you can watch artists at work, or even take part in craft demonstrations and workshops. There's also the Jute Cafe-Bar. 4Sleeping Dundee BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-224646; www.hoppo.com/dundee; 71 High St; dm £16-18.50, s/tw from £25/40; i W) Set in a beautifully converted historic building, with a clean, modern kitchen, a pool room, and an ideal location right in the city centre. Can get a bit noisy at night, but that's because it's close to pubs and nightlife. AabalreeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-223867; www.aabalree.com; 20 Union St; s/d £26/44) This is a pretty basic B&B – there are no en suites – but the owners are welcoming (don't be put off by the dark entrance) and it couldn't be more central, close to both the train and bus stations. This makes it popular, so book ahead. Balgowan HouseB&B ( %01382-200262; www.balgowanhouse.co.uk; 510 Perth Rd; s/d from £60/85; p W) Built in 1900 and perched in a prime location with stunning views over the Firth of Tay, Balgowan is a wealthy merchant's mansion converted into a luxurious guesthouse with three sumptuous en suite bedrooms. It's 2 miles west of the city centre, overlooking the university botanic gardens. Apex City Quay HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 365 0000; www.apexhotels.co.uk; 1 West Victoria Dock Rd; r from £77; p W s) Though it looks plain and boxy from the outside, the Apex sports the sort of stylish, spacious, sofa-equipped rooms that make you want to lounge around all evening munching chocolate in front of the TV. If you can drag yourself away from your room, there are spa treatments, saunas and Japanese hot tubs to enjoy. Errolbank Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-462118; www.errolbank-guesthouse.com; 9 Dalgleish Rd; s/d £49/69; p) A mile east of the city centre, just north of the road to Broughty Ferry, Errolbank is a lovely Vic­torian family home with small but beautifully decorated en suite rooms set on a quiet street. 5Eating oParlour CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-203588; 58 West Port; mains £5-7; h8am-7pm Mon-Fri, to 5pm Sat, 10am-3pm Sun; W v) S Tiny but terrific, this friendly neighbourhood cafe is bursting with good things to eat including filled tortillas, savoury tarts, bean burgers, bagels and homemade soup, all freshly prepared using seasonal produce. Great coffee and cakes too, but be prepared to wait for a table or squeeze in among the locals. Jute Café BarBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-909246; www.jutecafebar.co.uk; 152 Nethergate; lunch mains £9-13, dinner £10-18; hnoon-9.30pm; W c) The industrial-chic cafe-bar in the Dundee Contemporary Arts centre serves excellent deli sandwiches and burgers, as well as more adventurous Mediterranean-Asian fusion cuisine. The early-bird menu (5pm to 6.30pm weekdays) offers a two-/three-course meal for £14/16. Tables spill out into the sunny courtyard in summer. oMetroBRASSERIE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 365 0002; www.apexhotels.co.uk/eat; Apex City Quay Hotel, 1 West Victoria Dock Rd; mains £11-27; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm) Sleek, champagne-coloured banquettes, white linen napkins, black-clad staff and a view of Victoria Dock lend an air of sophistication to this stylish hotel brasserie, with a menu that ranges from steaks and burgers to wild mushroom and truffle risotto. There's a three-course pretheatre menu for £22.50 (before 7pm). Blue MarlinSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-221397; www.thebluemarlin.co.uk; City Quay; mains £14-26; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-10pm Tue-Sat) The ongoing redevelopment of Dundee's former docks means that the setting for the city's best fish restaurant doesn't look too promising. But once inside, there is sleek and understated nautical-themed decor, and the chance to feast on the best of Scottish seafood. Two-course lunch and pretheatre menu £15. 8Information Dundee Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-527527; www.angusanddundee.co.uk; Discovery Point; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-4pm Sun Jun-Sep, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Oct-May) Ninewells HospitalHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01382-660111; www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk; hcasualty 24hr) At Menzieshill, west of the city centre. 8Getting There & Around Air Dundee Airport (www.hial.co.uk), 2½ miles west of the city centre, has daily scheduled services to London City airport, Birmingham and Belfast. A taxi from the city centre to the airport takes 10 minutes and costs around £4. Bus The bus station is northeast of the city centre. Some Aberdeen buses travel via Arbroath, others via Forfar. A **Aberdeen** £16.80, 1½ hours, hourly A **Edinburgh** £16.10, 1½ hours, hourly, some change at Perth A **Glasgow** £16.10, 1¾ hours, hourly A **London** £40, 11 hours; National Express, daily A **Perth** £7.50, 35 minutes, hourly A **Oban** £35.50, 5½ hours, three daily Train Trains from Dundee to Aberdeen travel via Arbroath and Stonehaven. A **Aberdeen** £19.10, 1¼ hours, twice an hour A **Edinburgh** £17.30, 1¼ hours, at least hourly A **Glasgow** £21.30, 1½ hours, hourly #### WORTH A TRIP ### GLAMIS CASTLE Glamis Castle (www.glamis-castle.co.uk; adult/child £10.90/8; h10am-6pm Apr–Oct, last entry 4.30pm; p c) Looking every inch the archetypal Scottish Baronial castle, with its roofline sprouting a forest of pointed turrets and battlements, Glamis claims to be the legendary setting for Shakespeare's _Macbeth_ (his character is the Thane of Glamis at the start of the play). A royal residence since 1372, it is the family home of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne: the Queen Mother (born Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon; 1900–2002) spent her childhood at Glamis (pronounced 'glams') and Princess Margaret (the Queen's sister; 1930–2002) was born here. The one-hour guided tours depart every 15 minutes (last tour at 4.30pm, or 3.30pm in winter). Glamis Castle is 12 miles north of Dundee. There are two to four buses a day from Dundee (35 minutes) to Glamis; some continue to Kirriemuir. ### Arbroath Population 23,900 Arbroath is an old-fashioned seaside resort and fishing harbour, home of the famous **Arbroath smokie** (a form of smoked haddock). The humble smokie achieved EU 'Protected Geographical Indication' status in 2004 – the term 'Arbroath smokie' can only be used legally to describe haddock smoked in the traditional manner within an 8km radius of Arbroath. No visit is complete without buying a pair of smokies from one of the many fish shops and eating them with your fingers while sitting beside the harbour. Yum. 1Sights Arbroath AbbeyABBEY (HS; Abbey St; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) The magnificent, red-sandstone ruins of Arbroath Abbey, founded in 1178 by King William the Lion, dominate the town of Arbroath. It is thought that Bernard of Linton, the abbot here in the early 14th century, wrote the famous Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, asserting Scotland's right to independence from England. You can climb to the top of one of the towers for a grand view over the town. St Vigeans MuseumMUSEUM (HS; %01241-878756; St Vigeans Lane; adult/child £4.50/2.70) About a mile north of Arbroath town centre, this cottage museum­ houses a superb collection of Pictish and medieval sculptured stones. The museum's masterpiece is the **Drosten Stone** , beautifully carved with animal figures and hunting scenes on one side, and an interlaced Celtic cross on the other (look for the devil perched in the top left corner). Phone ahead or ask at Arbroath Abbey to check current opening hours. 4Sleeping & Eating Harbour Nights Guest HouseB&B ( %01241-434343; www.harbournights-scotland.com; 4 The Shore; s/d from £50/70; W) With a superb location overlooking the harbour, four stylishly decorated bedrooms and a gourmet breakfast menu, Harbour Nights is our favourite place to stay in Arbroath. Rooms 2 and 3, with harbour views, are a bit more expensive (doubles £75 to £80), but well worth asking for when booking. But'n'Ben RestaurantSCOTTISH ( %01241-877223; www.butnbenauchmithie.co.uk; 1 Auchmithie; mains lunch £8-11, dinner £12-22; hnoon-2pm Wed-Mon, 6-9pm Mon & Wed-Sat, 4-7pm Sun; c) S Above the harbour in Auchmithie, this cosy cottage restaurant with open fireplace, rustic furniture and sea-themed art serves the best of local seafood – the Arbroath smokie pancakes are recommended – plus great homemade cakes and desserts, and high teas on Sunday (£14). Best to book. 8Getting There & Away Bus Bus 140 runs from Arbroath to Auchmithie (£1.90, 15 minutes, six daily Monday to Friday, three daily on Saturday and Sunday). Train Trains from Dundee to Arbroath (£5.40, 20 minutes, two per hour) continue to Aberdeen (£18.70, 55 minutes) via Montrose and Stonehaven. ## Aberdeenshire & Moray Since medieval times Aberdeenshire and its northwestern neighbour Moray have been the richest and most fertile regions of the Highlands. Aberdeenshire is famed for its Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, its many fine castles and the prosperous 'granite city' of Aberdeen. Moray's main attractions are the Speyside whisky distilleries that line the valley of the River Spey and its tributaries. ### Aberdeen Population 195,000 Aberdeen is the powerhouse of the northeast, fuelled by the North Sea petroleum industry. Oil money has made the city as expensive as London and Edinburgh, and there are hotels, restaurants and clubs with prices to match the depth of oil-wealthy pockets. Fortunately, most of the cultural attractions, such as the excellent Maritime Museum and Aberdeen Art Gallery, are free. Royal Deeside and the Cairngorms National Park are easily accessible to the west, Dunnottar Castle to the south, sandy beaches to the north and whisky country to the northwest. Aberdeen 1Top Sights 1Aberdeen Art GalleryB2 2Aberdeen Maritime MuseumD3 3Marischal CollegeD1 2Activities, Courses & Tours 4Clyde CruisesF4 4Sleeping 5Aberdeen Douglas HotelD3 6Butler's Guest HouseB5 7City Wharf ApartmentsE3 8Globe InnA3 9Jurys InnC4 5Eating 10Adelphi KitchenD2 11Beautiful MountainB3 12Café 52C3 13Moonfish CaféC2 14Musa Art CafeD3 6Drinking & Nightlife 15BrewDogD1 Globe InnA3 16Old BlackfriarsE2 17Prince of WalesC2 1Sights & Activities oAberdeen Maritime MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-337700; www.aagm.co.uk; Shiprow; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, noon-3pm Sun) F Overlooking the nautical bustle of Aberdeen harbour is the Maritime Museum. Centred on a three-storey replica of a North Sea oil production platform, it explains all you ever wanted to know about the petroleum industry. Other galleries, some situated in **Provost Ross's House** , the oldest building in the city and part of the museum, cover the shipbuilding, whaling and fishing industries. Sleek and speedy Aberdeen clippers were a 19th-century shipyard speciality, used by British merchants for the importation of tea, wool and exotic goods (opium, for instance) to Britain, and, on the return journey, the transportation of emigrants to Australia. oAberdeen Art GalleryGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-523700; www.aagm.co.uk; Schoolhill; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 2-5pm Sun) F Behind the grand facade of Aberdeen Art Gallery is a cool, marble-lined space exhibiting the work of contemporary Scottish and English painters, such as Gwen Hardie, Stephen Conroy, Trevor Sutton and Tim Ollivier. There are also several landscapes by Joan Eardley, who lived in a cottage on the cliffs near Stonehaven in the 1950s and 60s, and painted tempestuous oils of the North Sea and poignant portraits of slum children. Among the Pre-Raphaelite works upstairs, look out for the paintings by Aberdeen artist William Dyce (1806–64), ranging from religious works to rural scenes. oMarischal CollegeHISTORIC BUILDING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Broad St) Marischal College, founded in 1593 by the 5th Earl Marischal, merged with King's College (founded 1495) in 1860 to create the modern University of Aberdeen. The college's huge and impressive facade overlooking Broad St, in Perpendicular Gothic style – unusual in having such elaborate masonry hewn from notoriously hard-to-work granite – dates from 1906 and is the world's second-largest granite structure (after L'Escorial near Madrid). A recent renovation project saw the facade returned to its original silvery grey glory, and the building now houses Aberdeen City Council's new headquarters; the square outside is undergoing redevelopment into a pedestrian plaza, creating controversy over plans for modern architecture juxtaposed with the college's neogothic facade. Clyde CruisesBOAT TRIPS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01475-721281; www.clydecruises.com; Aberdeen Harbour; adult/child from £16/8; hdaily Jul-late Aug, Thu-Sun late Aug-mid Sep) Operates 45-minute cruises around Aberdeen's bustling commercial harbour, and 1¼-hour trips outside the harbour to look for dolphins and other marine wildlife. #### WORTH A TRIP ### OLD ABERDEEN Just over a mile north of the city centre is the district called Old Aberdeen. The name is misleading – although Old Aberdeen is certainly old, the area around Castlegate is older still. This part of the city was originally called Aulton, from the Gaelic for 'village by the pool', and this was anglicised in the 17th century to Old Town. Old Town HouseVISITOR CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-273650; www.abdn.ac.uk/oldtownhouse; High St; admission free; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) F At the north end of High St, the Old Town House now houses a visitor centre with information and exhibits on the history of Old Aberdeen. It also houses **King's Museum** , with changing exhibits of items from the universities 18th-century collection. St Machar's CathedralCATHEDRAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.stmachar.com; The Chanonry; h10am-4pm) F The 15th-century St Machar's Cathedral, with its massive twin towers, is a rare example of a fortified cathedral. According to legend, St Machar was ordered to establish a church where the river takes the shape of a bishop's crook, which it does just here. The cathedral is best known for its impressive **heraldic ceiling** , dating from 1520, which has 48 shields of kings, nobles, archbishops and bishops. Sunday services are held at 11am and 6pm. 4Sleeping There are clusters of B&Bs on Bon Accord St and Springbank Tce (both 400m southwest of the train station) and along Great Western Rd (the A93, a 25-minute walk southwest of the city centre. Prices tend to be lower on weekends. Aberdeen Youth HostelHOSTEL (SYHA; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-646988; 8 Queen's Rd; dm/q £22/100; i W) This unexceptional but good-value hostel, set in a granite Victorian villa, is a mile west of the train station. Walk west along Union St and take the right fork along Albyn Pl until you reach a roundabout; Queen's Rd continues on the western side of the roundabout. oGlobe InnB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-624258; www.the-globe-inn.co.uk; 13-15 North Silver St; r £119) This popular pub has seven appealing and comfortable guest bedrooms upstairs, done out in dark wood with burgundy bedspreads. There's live music in the pub on weekends so it's not a place for early-to-bed types, but the price-versus-location factor can't be beaten. No dining room, so breakfast is continental, served on a tray in your room. Butler's Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-212411; www.butlersguesthouse.com; 122 Crown St; s/d from £63/74; i W) Butler's is a cosy place with a big breakfast menu that includes fresh fruit salad, kippers and kedgeree as alternatives to the traditional fry-up (rates include a continental breakfast – cooked breakfast is £6.50 extra per person). There are cheaper rooms with shared bathrooms. City Wharf ApartmentsAPARTMENTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 094 2424; www.citywharfapartments.co.uk; 19-20 Regent Quay; d from £120; W) You can watch the bustle of Aberdeen's commercial harbour as you eat breakfast in one of these luxury serviced apartments, complete with stylish, fully equipped kitchen, champagne-stocked minibar and daily cleaning service. Available by the night or the week, with discounts for longer stays. Brentwood VillaB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-480633; www.brentwoodvillabandb.com; 560 King St; s/d £60/90; W) Comfortable beds, spotless bathrooms and friendly and helpful owners tick all the right boxes in this homely B&B, attractively set opposite a park. The Brentwood is a mile north of the city centre (take bus 20) and close to Old Aberdeen and the university. Adelphi Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-583078; www.adelphiguesthouse.com; 8 Whinhill Rd; s/d from £45/70; W) Basic but comfortable and good value, located 400m south from western end of Union St. Aberdeen Douglas HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-582255; www.aberdeendouglas.com; 43-45 Market St; r Mon-Fri from £165, Sat & Sun from £145; W) You can't miss the grand Victorian facade of this historic landmark, which first opened its doors as a hotel in 1853. Now renovated, it offers classy modern rooms with polished woodwork and crisp white bedlinen, and is barely a minute's walk from the train station. Jurys InnHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-381200; www.jurysinns.com; Union Sq, Guild St; r from £129; W) Stylish and comfortable hotel right next to the train station. 5Eating Beautiful MountainCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.thebeautifulmountain.com; 11-13 Belmont St; mains £7-10; h8am-3.30pm & 5.30-11pm Wed-Sat, 10.30am-2.45pm Sun; v) This cosy cafe is squeezed into a couple of tiny rooms (seating upstairs), but serves all-day breakfasts and tasty sandwiches (smoked salmon, Thai chicken, pastrami) on sourdough, bagels, ciabatta and lots of other breads, along with exquisite espresso and consummate cappuccino. It's also open for dinner, when the menu switches to Spanish-style tapas. oCafé 52BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-590094; www.cafe52.net; 52 The Green; mains £9-13; hnoon-midnight Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun; W) This little haven of laid-back industrial chic – a high, narrow space lined with bare stonework, rough plaster and exposed ventilation ducts – serves some of the finest and most inventive cuisine in the northeast. Try starters such as crisp black pudding with wine-poached pear, or mains like pan-fried herring with orange butter sauce. oAdelphi KitchenMODERN SCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-211414; www.theadelphikitchen.co.uk; 28 Adelphi Ln, Union St; mains £12-28; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-10pm Tue-Sat; W) S Cool and clever flavour combinations are the hallmark of this unsuspected little gem hidden down an alley off Union St, a small but sophisticated space decorated with weathered timber and muted natural colours. Charcoal grilling is a speciality, with aged Aberdeen Angus beef and pulled pork given the barbecue treatment alongside seafood treats such as west coast scallops and Shetland mussels. Sand Dollar CaféCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-572288; www.sanddollarcafe.com; 2 Beach Esplanade; mains £6-12; h7.30am-6pm Sun-Tue, to 7.30pm Wed, to 4pm Thu-Sat, also 6-9pm Thu-Sat) A cut above your usual seaside cafe – on sunny days you can sit at the wooden tables on the prom and share a bottle of chilled white wine, or choose from a menu that includes pancakes with maple syrup, homemade burgers and chocolate brownie with Orkney ice cream. Moonfish CaféMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-644166; www.moonfishcafe.co.uk; 9 Correction Wynd; 2-/3-course dinner £27/32; hnoon-2pm & 6-9.30pm Tue-Sat) S The menu of this funky little eatery tucked away on a back street concentrates on good quality Scottish produce that draws its influences from cuisines all around the world, from simple smoked haddock kedgeree to spiced monkfish with pickled carrot, mustard seed, yoghurt and coriander. Musa Art CafeMODERN SCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-571771; www.musaaberdeen.com; 33 Exchange St; mains lunch £10, dinner £13-29; hnoon-11pm Tue-Sat; W v) S The bright paintings on the walls match the vibrant furnishings and smart gastronomic creations at this great cafe-restaurant, set in a former church. As well as a menu that focuses on quality local produce cooked in a quirky way – think haggis-and-black-pudding spring rolls with chilli jam – there are Brewdog beers from Fraserburgh, and interesting music, sometimes live. Silver DarlingSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-576229; www.thesilverdarling.co.uk; Pocra Quay, North Pier; 2-/3-course lunch £20/24, dinner mains £22-30; hnoon-1.45pm Mon-Fri, 6.30-9.30pm Mon-Sat) The Silver Darling (an old Scottish nickname for herring) is the place for a special meal, housed in a former Customs office at the entrance to Aberdeen harbour with picture windows overlooking the sea. Here you can enjoy fresh Scottish seafood prepared by a top French chef while you watch the porpoises playing in the harbour mouth. Bookings are recommended. 6Drinking Globe InnPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.the-globe-inn.co.uk; 13-15 North Silver St; h11am-midnight, to 1am Fri & Sat) This lovely Edwardian-style pub with wood panelling, marble-topped tables and walls decorated with old musical instruments is a great place for a quiet lunchtime or afternoon drink. It serves good coffee as well as real ales and malt whiskies, and has live music (rock, blues, soul) Friday to Sunday. It's also got probably the poshest pub toilets in the country. Prince of WalesPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.princeofwales-aberdeen.co.uk; 7 St Nicholas Lane; h10am-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, 11am-midnight Sun; c) Tucked down an alley off Union St, Aberdeen's best-known pub boasts the longest bar in the city, a great range of real ales and good-value pub grub. Quiet in the afternoons, but standing-room only in the evenings. Old BlackfriarsPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldblackfriars-aberdeen.co.uk; 52 Castlegate; h11am-midnight Mon-Thu, 11am-1am Fri, 10am-1am Sat, 10am-11pm Sun; W) One of the most attractive traditional pubs in the city, with a lovely stone and timber interior, stained-glass windows and a relaxed atmosphere – a great place for an afternoon pint. Live folk music on Thursday from 9pm. BrewDogBAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.brewdog.com/bars/aberdeen; 17 Gallowgate; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W) The flagship bar of northeast Scotland's most innovative craft brewery brings a bit of designer chic to Aberdeen's pub scene along with a vast range of guest beers from around the world. 8Information Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryHOSPITAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0845 456 6000; www.nhsgrampian.org; Foresterhill) Medical services. About a mile northwest of the western end of Union St. Aberdeen Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01224-288828; www.aberdeen-grampian.com; 23 Union St; h9am-6.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Jul & Aug, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Sep-Jun) Handy for general information; has internet access (£1 per 20 minutes). 8Getting There & Away Air Aberdeen Airport (ABZ; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 481 6666; www.aberdeenairport.com) is at Dyce, 6 miles northwest of the city centre. There are regular flights to numerous Scottish and UK destinations, including Orkney and Shetland, and international flights to the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Germany and France. Stagecoach Jet bus 727 runs regularly from Aberdeen bus station to the airport (single £2.70, 35 minutes). A taxi from the airport to the city centre takes 25 minutes and costs £15. Boat Car ferries from Aberdeen to Orkney and Shetland are run by Northlink Ferries (www.northlinkferries.co.uk). The ferry terminal is a short walk east of the train and bus stations. Bus The bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Guild St) is next to Jurys Inn, close to the train station. A **Braemar** £11, 2¼ hours, every two hours; via Ballater and Balmoral A **Dundee** £16.80, 1½ hours, hourly A **Edinburgh** £30, three hours, three daily direct, more frequent changing at Perth A **Glasgow** £30, three hours, at least hourly A **Inverness** £12.50, four hours, hourly; via Huntly, Keith, Fochabers, Elgin and Nairn A **London** £47, 12 hours, twice daily; National Express A **Perth** £23.50, two hours, hourly Train The train station is south of the city centre, next to the massive Union Square shopping mall. A **Dundee** £19.10, 1¼ hours, twice an hour A **Edinburgh** £34, 2½ hours, hourly A **Glasgow** £34, 2¾ hours, hourly A **Inverness** £27, 2¼ hour, eight daily A **London King's Cross** £110, eight to 11 hours, hourly; some direct, most change at Edinburgh 8Getting Around Bus The main city bus operator is First Aberdeen (www.firstaberdeen.com). Local fares cost from £1.20 to £2.50; pay the driver as you board the bus. A FirstDay ticket (adult/child £4.30/2.60) allows unlimited travel from the time of purchase until midnight on all First Aberdeen buses. Information, route maps and tickets are available from the First Travel Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; 47 Union St; h8.45am-5.30pm Mon-Sat). The most useful services for visitors are buses 15 and 19 from Union St to Great Western Rd (for B&Bs); bus 11 from Union St to Aberdeen Youth Hostel and the airport; and bus 20 from Marischal College to Old Aberdeen. Car Car rental companies: Arnold Clark ( %01224-622714; www.arnoldclarkrental.com; Canal Rd) Enterprise Car Hire ( %01224-642642; www.enterprise.co.uk; 80 Skene Sq) Taxi The main city-centre taxi ranks are at the train station and on Back Wynd, off Union St. To order a taxi, phone ComCab ( %01224-353535; www.comcab-aberdeen.co.uk) or Rainbow City Taxis ( %01224-878787; www.rainbowcitytaxis.com). ### Around Aberdeen 1Sights Dunnottar CastleCASTLE ( %01569-762173; www.dunnottarcastle.co.uk; adult/child £6/2; h9am-6pm Apr-Sep, 10am-5pm or dusk Oct-Mar) A pleasant, 15-minute walk along the clifftops south of Stonehaven harbour leads to the spectacular ruins of Dunnottar Castle, spread out across a grassy promontory 50m above the sea. As dramatic a film set as any director could wish for, it provided the backdrop for Franco Zeffirelli's _Hamlet_ (1990), starring Mel Gibson. The original fortress was built in the 9th century; the keep is the most substantial remnant, but the drawing room (restored in 1926) is more interesting. Crathes CastleCASTLE (NTS; %01330-844525; adult/child £12.50/9; h10.30am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; c) The atmospheric, 16th-century Crathes Castle is famous for its Jacobean painted ceilings, magnificently carved canopied beds, and the 'Horn of Leys', presented to the Burnett family by Robert the Bruce in the 14th century. The beautiful formal gardens include 300-year-old yew hedges and colourful herbaceous borders. The castle is signposted off the A93; Stagecoach buses 201 and 202 from Aberdeen stop at the castle entrance (£4.80, 45 minutes, every 30 minutes). ### Moray The old county of Moray ( _murr_ -ree), centred on the county town of Elgin, lies at the heart of an ancient Celtic earldom and is famed for its mild climate and rich farmland – the barley fields of the 19th century once provided the raw material for the Speyside whisky distilleries, one of the region's main attractions for present-day visitors. ### BLAZE YOUR OWN WHISKY TRAIL Visiting a distillery can be memorable, but only hardcore malt-hounds will want to go to more than one or two. Some are great to visit; others are depressingly corporate. The following are some recommendations. * Aberlour ( %01340-881249; www.aberlour.com; tours from £14; h10am & 2pm daily Apr-Oct, by appointment Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) Has an excellent, detailed tour with a proper tasting session. It's on the main street in Aberlour. * Glenfarclas ( %01807-500257; www.glenfarclas.co.uk; admission £5; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri Oct-Mar, to 5pm Mon-Fri Apr-Sep, plus to 4pm Sat Jul-Sep) Small, friendly and independent, Glenfarclas is 5 miles south of Aberlour on the Grantown road. The last tour leaves 90 minutes before closing. The in-depth Connoisseur's Tour (Friday only July to September) is £20. * Glenfiddich (www.glenfiddich.com; admission free; h9.30am-4.30pm daily year-round, closed Christmas & New Year) It's big and busy, but handiest for Dufftown, and foreign languages are available. The standard tour starts with an overblown video, but it's fun, informative and free. An in-depth Connoisseur's Tour (£20) must be prebooked. Glenfiddich kept single malt alive during the dark years. * Macallan ( %01340-872280; www.themacallan.com; tours £15; h9.30am-6pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) Excellent sherry-casked malt. Several small-group tours are available (last tour at 3.30pm), including an expert one (£20); all should be prebooked. Lovely location 2 miles northwest of Craigellachie. * Speyside Cooperage ( %01340-871108; www.speysidecooperage.co.uk; adult/child £3.50/2; h9am-4pm Mon-Fri, closed mid Dec-early Jan) Here you can see the fascinating art of barrel-making in action. It's a mile from Craigellachie on the Dufftown road. * Spirit of Speyside (www.spiritofspeyside.com) This biannual whisky festival in Dufftown has a number of great events. It takes place in early May and late September; both accommodation and events should be booked well ahead. #### Elgin Population 23,130 Elgin has been the provincial capital of Moray for over eight centuries and was an important town in medieval times. Dominated by a hilltop monument to the 5th duke of Gordon, Elgin's main attraction is its impressive ruined cathedral, where the tombs of the duke's ancestors lie. 1Sights Elgin CathedralCATHEDRAL (HS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; King St; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm daily Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Sat-Wed Oct-Mar) Many people think that the ruins of Elgin Cathedral, known as the 'lantern of the north', are the most beautiful and evocative in Scotland; its octagonal chapter house is the finest in the country. Consecrated in 1224, the cathedral was burned down in 1390 by the infamous Wolf of Badenoch, the illegitimate son of Robert II, following his excommunication by the Bishop of Moray. Guided tours are available on weekdays. Johnstons of ElginFASHION ( %01343-554009; www.johnstonscashmere.com; Newmill; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 11am-5pm Sun) Founded in 1797, Johnstons is famous for its cashmere woollen clothing, and is the only UK woollen mill that still sees the manufacturing process through from raw fibre to finished garment. There's a retail outlet and coffee shop, and free guided tours of the works. 4Sleeping & Eating Croft GuesthouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01343-546004; www.thecroftelgin.co.uk; 10 Institution Rd; s/d from £55/78; p W) The Croft offers a taste of Victorian high society, set in a spacious mansion built for a local lawyer back in 1848. The house is filled with period features – check out the cast-iron and tile fireplaces – and the three large bedrooms are equipped with easy chairs and crisp bed linen. Southbank Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01343-547132; www.southbankguesthouse.co.uk; 36 Academy St; s/d/f from £55/75/120; p) The family-run, 15-room Southbank is set in a large Georgian town house in a quiet street south of Elgin's centre, just five minutes' walk from the cathedral and other sights. Johnstons Coffee ShopCAFE (Newmill; mains £5-10; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 11am-4.30pm Sun; p W c) The coffee shop at Johnstons woollen mill is the best place to eat in town, serving breakfast till 11.45am, hot lunches noon to 3pm (crepes with a range of fillings, inlcuding smoked salmon with cream cheese and dill), and cream teas. 8Getting There & Away Bus Elgin is a stop on the hourly Stagecoach bus 10 service between Inverness (£10.20, 1½ hours) and Aberdeen (£12.50, 2½ hours). Bus 35 goes from Elgin to Banff and Macduff (£12.50, 1¾ hours, hourly), continuing to Aberdeen via Fyvie. Bus 36 goes to Dufftown (£5.60, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday). Train There are five trains a day to Aberdeen (£18.20, 1½ hours) and Inverness (£11.90, 40 minutes). #### Dufftown & Aberlour #### WORTH A TRIP ### DUFF HOUSE Duff House ( %01261-818181; www.duffhouse.org.uk; adult/child £7.10/4.30; h11am-5pm Apr-Oct, 11am-4pm Thu-Sun Nov-Mar) One of Scotland's hidden gems, Duff House is an art gallery that displays a superb collection of Scottish and European art, including important works by Raeburn and Gainsborough. The house is an impressive baroque mansion on the southern edge of Banff, built between 1735 and 1740 as the seat of the Earls of Fife. It was designed by William Adam and bears similarities to that Adam masterpiece, Hopetoun House near Edinburgh. Rome may be built on seven hills, but **Dufftown** is built on seven stills, say the locals. Founded in 1817 by James Duff, 4th Earl of Fife, Dufftown is 17 miles south of Elgin and lies at the heart of the Speyside whisky-distilling region. With seven working distilleries nearby, Dufftown has been dubbed Scotland's malt-whisky capital and is host to the biannual Spirit of Speyside whisky festival. Ask at the whisky museum about the Malt Whisky Trail (www.maltwhiskytrail.com), a self-guided tour around the local distilleries. Five miles to the northwest, **Aberlour** (www.aboutaberlour.co.uk) – or Charlestown of Aberlour, to give it its full name – is prettier than Dufftown, straggling along the banks of the River Spey. It is famous as the home of Walkers Shortbread, and has Aberlour Distillery right on the main street. Attractions include salmon fishing, and some lovely walks along the Speyside Way. Buses link Elgin to Aberour (£5.30, 35 minutes) and Dufftown (£5.60, 50 minutes) hourly Monday to Saturday, continuing to Huntly, Aberdeen and Inverness. On summer weekends, you can take a train from Aberdeen or Inverness to Keith (£16.40, one hour, five daily), and then ride the Keith and Dufftown Railway to Dufftown. # Central & Northern Highlands & Islands #### Inverness #### Around Inverness #### Loch Ness #### Fort Augustus #### Aviemore #### Around Aviemore #### Kingussie & Newtonmore #### Royal Deeside #### Dunkeld & Birnam #### Pitlochry #### Blair Castle #### Lochs Tummel & Rannoch #### Loch Tay #### Glen Lyon #### Glen Coe #### Kinlochleven #### Fort William #### Around Fort William #### Road to the Isles #### Tain #### Portmahomack #### Dornoch #### Dunrobin Castle #### Helmsdale #### Lybster & Around #### Wick #### John O'Groats #### Mey #### Dunnet Head #### Thurso & Scrabster #### Thurso to Durness #### Durness #### Durness to Ullapool #### Ullapool #### Ullapool to Kyle of Lochalsh #### Kyleakin (Caol Acain) #### Broadford (An T-Ath Leathann) #### Sleat #### Cuillin Hills #### Minginish #### Portree (Port Righ) #### Dunvegan (Dun Bheagain) & Around #### Trotternish #### Isle Of Raasay #### Lewis (Leodhais) #### Harris (Na Hearadh) #### Berneray (Bearnaraigh) #### North Uist (Uibhist A Tuath) #### Benbecula (Beinn Na Faoghla) #### South Uist (Uibhist A Deas) #### Eriskay (Eiriosgaigh) #### Barra (Barraigh) #### Kirkwall #### Mainland To South Ronaldsay #### West & North Mainland #### Stromness #### Hoy #### Northern Islands #### Lerwick #### Bressay & Noss #### Central & West Mainland #### South Mainland #### North Mainland #### The North Isles # Central & Northern Highlands & Islands ### Why Go? Scotland's vast melancholy soul is here, an epic land whose stark beauty indelibly imprints upon the hearts of those who see it. Mist, peat, whisky, heather...and long, sunblessed summer evenings that repay the many days of horizontal drizzle. The glorious hills and glens of western Perthshire offer a memorable first taste. The region's capital, Inverness, is backed by the craggy Cairngorms, which draw skiers and walkers to its slopes. Further north, ancient stones are testament left by prehistoric builders in Caithness, and across the water on the magical Orkney and remote Shetland Islands – where wind keeps the vegetation at a minimum – isolation makes it a haven for sea birds and more. The most epic scenery – you really need an orchestra to do it justice – is in the far northwest, and it continues on to Skye, where the mighty Cuillin Ridge towers jaggedly in the setting sun. Beyond here, the Outer Hebrides offer the nation's best beaches and a glimpse of traditional life. ### When to Go AIn January hit the Cairngorms for skiing or the Shetland Islands for Up Helly Aa, a fiery Viking festival. ALong June evenings see the Highlands at their most romantic, while Fort William hosts the Mountain Bike World Cup. ASeptember is the ideal time for hiking and hill walking – midges are dying off, but the weather is still reasonably good. ### Best Places to Eat * The Albannach * Three Chimneys ALime Tree * Côte du Nord ### Best Places to Stay * The Torridon * Toravaig House Hotel * Rocpool Reserve * West Manse * Brinkies Guest House * Shetland Lighthouse Cottages ## Central & Northern Highlands & Islands Highlights 1 Exploring the hills around gorgeous **Glen Lyon**. 2 Dipping your toes in the water at some of the world's most beautiful beaches on Harris and Barra. 3 Shouldering the challenge of the Cuillin Hills, whose rugged silhouettes brood over the skyscape of Skye. 4 Picking your jaw up off the floor as you marvel at the epic Highland scenery of the far northwest. 5 Launching into a sea kayak to explore the otter-rich waters around the Isle of Skye. 6 Shaking your head in astonishment at extraordinary Skara Brae and Maes Howe, prehistoric perfection that predates the pyramids. 7 Exploring the castles, villages, hills and forests of Royal Deeside, home to the Queen's Balmoral Castle. 8 Capering with puffins, spotting offshore orcas, or dodging dive-bombing skuas in the nature reserves of Shetland. 9 Soaking up the scenery (when you can see it!) in moody but magnificent Glen Coe. a Making it to the summit of Ben Nevis – and being able to see the view. 2Activities For outdoor fans, especially hikers and hill-walkers, the Highlands are heaven. Famous spots like Ben Nevis, Glen Coe, Skye and the Cairngorms offer endless opportunities for experienced walkers – and several options for strollers too. Long-distance walking routes include the **Great Glen Way** (www.greatglenway.com), while the **West Highland Way** and **Speyside Way** are nearby (covered in the Stirling & Central Scotland chapter). For touring cyclists, the roads of the Highlands are enjoyable, as car traffic is often fairly light. The islands are also ideal: Skye is ever-popular, as is the end-to-end tour of the Outer Hebrides, where south-to-north (Barra to Lewis) gives you the best chance of a following wind. Gateways for mountain-biking include Fort William and Laggan. The Great Glen Way is also suitable for off-road bikes. Other activities include sea-kayaking around the islands, fishing in rivers and the sea, scuba diving (notably at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands) and mountaineering on Ben Nevis or the Cairngorms. The main skiing and snowboarding areas include the Cairngorms and the Nevis Range near Fort William. 8Getting There & Around Inverness is the main train hub, with connections south to England and the rest of Scotland, and lines north to Thurso and west to Kyle of Lochalsh – both passing through fabulous scenery. The West Highland line from Glasgow to Fort William and Mallaig is similarly scenic. Inverness is also the main hub for bus travel. Check details with Traveline Scotland ( %0871 200 2233; www.travelinescotland.com). Ferries to/from the Western islands are mostly run by Caledonian MacBrayne, with mainland ports including Mallaig and Ullapool (plus Uig on Skye), while ferries to Orkney depart mainly from three different crossings in the Thurso–John O'Groats area. The main port for Shetland is Aberdeen. ## Inverness & the Great Glen Inverness, one of the fastest growing towns in Britain, is the capital of the Highlands. It's a transport hub and jumping-off point for the central, western and northern Highlands, the Moray Firth coast and the Great Glen. The Great Glen is a geological fault running in an arrow-straight line, filled by a series of lochs, across Scotland from Fort William to Inverness. In 1822 the various lochs were linked by the Caledonian Canal to create a cross-country waterway. The modern A82 road along the glen was completed in 1933 – a date that coincides neatly with the first modern sightings of the Loch Ness Monster. ### Inverness Population 61,235 Inverness has a great location astride the River Ness at the northern end of the Great Glen. In summer it overflows with visitors intent on monster hunting at nearby Loch Ness, but it's worth a visit in its own right for a stroll along the picturesque River Ness, a cruise on Loch Ness, and a meal in one of the city's excellent restaurants. Inverness 4Sleeping 1Ardconnel HouseC3 2Bazpackers Backpackers HotelC4 3MacRae Guest HouseB5 4Rocpool ReserveC5 5Eating 5Café 1C3 6Contrast BrasserieB5 7Joy of TasteB2 8Kitchen BrasserieB3 9RocpoolB3 10Velocity CafeD2 6Drinking & Nightlife 11PhoenixB1 3Entertainment 12HootanannyB2 1Sights oNess IslandsPARK ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) The main attraction in Inverness is a leisurely stroll along the river to the Ness Islands. Planted with mature Scots pine, fir, beech and sycamore, and linked to the river banks and each other by elegant Victorian footbridges, the islands make an appealing picnic spot. They're a 20-minute walk south of the castle – head upstream on either side of the river (the start of the Great Glen Way), and return on the opposite bank. TTours Jacobite CruisesBOAT TOUR ( %01463-233999; www.jacobite.co.uk; Glenurquhart Rd; adult/child £31.50/25; hdaily Apr-Sep) Boats depart from Tomnahurich Bridge at 2pm for a 1½-hour 'Discovery' cruise along Loch Ness, followed by a visit to Urquhart Castle and a return to Inverness by coach. You can buy tickets at the tourist office and catch a free minibus to the boat. Other cruises and combined cruise-coach tours, from one to 6½ hours, are also available. 4Sleeping Inverness has a good range of backpacker accommodation, and also has some excellent boutique hotels. There are lots of guesthouses and B&Bs along Old Edinburgh Rd and Ardconnel St on the east side of the river, and on Kenneth St and Fairfield Rd on the west bank. Bazpackers Backpackers HotelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-717663; www.bazpackershostel.co.uk; 4 Culduthel Rd; dm/tw £17/44; i W) This may be Inverness' smallest hostel (34 beds), but it's hugely popular. It's a friendly, quiet place – the main building has a convivial lounge centred on a wood-burning stove, and a small garden and great views (some rooms are in a separate building with no garden). The dorms and kitchen can be a bit cramped, but the showers are great. Inverness Millburn SYHAHOSTEL (SYHA; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-231771; www.syha.org.uk; Victoria Dr; dm/tw £19/54; hApr-Dec; p i W) Inverness' modern 166-bed hostel is 10 minutes' walk northeast of the city centre. With its comfy beds and flashy stainless-steel kitchen, some reckon it's the best SYHA hostel in the country. Booking is essential, especially at Easter and in July and August. oTrafford BankB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-241414; www.traffordbankguesthouse.co.uk; 96 Fairfield Rd; d £120-132; p W) Lots of word-of-mouth rave reviews for this elegant Victorian villa, which was once home to a bishop, just a mitre-toss from the Caledonian Canal and 10 minutes' walk west from the city centre. The luxurious rooms include fresh flowers and fruit, bathrobes and fluffy towels – ask for the Tartan Room, which has a wrought-iron king-size bed and Victorian roll-top bath. Ardconnel HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-240455; www.ardconnel-inverness.co.uk; 21 Ardconnel St; r per person £35-40; W) The six-room Ardconnel is one of our favourites – a terraced Victorian house with comfortable en suite rooms, a dining room with crisp white table linen, and a breakfast menu that includes Vegemite for homesick Antipodeans. Kids under 10 not allowed. Ach AluinnB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-230127; www.achaluinn.com; 27 Fairfield Rd; r per person £25-35; p) This large, detached Victorian house is bright and homely, and offers all you might want from a B&B – private bathroom, TV, reading lights, comfy beds with two pillows each, and an excellent breakfast. Less than 10 minutes' walk west from the city centre. MacRae Guest HouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-243658; joycemacrae@hotmail.com; 24 Ness Bank; s/d from £45/64; p W) This pretty, flower-bedecked Victorian house on the eastern bank of the river has smart, tastefully decorated bedrooms (one is wheelchair accessible), and vegetarian breakfasts are available. Minimum two-night bookings in July and August. oRocpool ReserveBOUTIQUE HOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-240089; www.rocpool.com; Culduthel Rd; s/d from £185/220; p W) Boutique chic meets the Highlands in this slick and sophisticated little hotel, where an elegant Georgian exterior conceals an oasis of contemporary cool. A gleaming white entrance hall lined with red carpet and contemporary art leads to designer rooms in shades of chocolate, cream and gold; a restaurant by Albert Roux completes the luxury package. 5Eating Velocity CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-419956; velocitylove.co.uk; 1 Crown Ave; mains £4-7; h9am-5pm Fri-Mon & Wed, 10am-5pm Tue, 9am-9pm Thu; W v) S This cyclists' cafe serves soups, sandwiches and salads prepared with organic, locally sourced produce, as well as yummy cake and coffee. There's also a workshop where you can repair your bike or book a session with a mechanic. oCafé 1BISTRO ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-226200; www.cafe1.net; 75 Castle St; mains £10-24; hnoon-2.30pm & 5-9.30pm Mon-Fri, noon-2.30pm & 6-9.30pm Sat) S Café 1 is a friendly and appealing bistro with candlelit tables amid elegant blonde-wood and wrought-iron decor. There is an international menu based on quality Scottish produce, from Aberdeen Angus steaks to crisp pan-fried sea bass and meltingly tender pork belly. The set lunch menu (two courses for £8) is served noon to 2.30pm Monday to Saturday. Contrast BrasserieBRASSERIE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463 223 777; www.glenmoristontownhouse.com; 20 Ness Bank; 2-course lunch £10.95, 2-course early bird £12.95, à la carte £4.95-£25) Book early for what we think is one of the the best-value restaurants in Inverness – a dining room that drips designer style, with smiling professional staff and truly delicious food prepared using fresh Scottish produce. The two-course lunch menu (£10.95) and three-course early-bird menu (£16, 5pm to 6.30pm) are bargains. Joy of TasteBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-241459; www.thejoyoftaste.co.uk; 25 Church St; mains £15-19; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-10.30pm Mon-Sat, 5.30-9.30pm Sun) S Here's a novel concept – a restaurant run by a head chef and 25 volunteers who work a shift a week just for 'the love of creating a beautiful restaurant' (plus a share of the profits). And a very good job they have made of it, with a menu of classic British cuisine and a growing fan club of satisfied customers. RocpoolMEDITERRANEAN ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-717274; www.rocpoolrestaurant.com; 1 Ness Walk; mains £18-25; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.45-10pm Mon-Sat) S Lots of polished wood, crisp white linen and leather booths and banquettes lend a nautical air to this relaxing bistro, which offers a Mediterranean-influenced menu that makes the most of quality Scottish produce, especially seafood. The two-course lunch is £15. Kitchen BrasserieMODERN SCOTTISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-259119; www.kitchenrestaurant.co.uk; 15 Huntly St; mains £8-19; hnoon-10pm; W c) This spectacular glass-fronted restaurant offers a great menu and a view over the River Ness – try to get a table upstairs. Great value two-course lunch (£7, noon-3pm) and early-bird menu (£12, 5pm to 7pm). 6Drinking Clachnaharry InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-239806; www.clachnaharryinn.co.uk; 17-19 High St; h11am-11pm, to midnight Fri & Sat) Just over a mile northwest of the city centre, on the bank of the Caledonian Canal just off the A862, this is a delightful old coaching inn (with beer garden out back) serving an excellent range of real ales and good pub grub. PhoenixPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-233685; 108 Academy St; h11am-11pm) Recently refurbished, this is the most traditional of the pubs in the city centre, with a mahogany horseshoe bar and several real ales on tap, including beers from the Cairngorm, Cromarty and Isle of Skye breweries. 3Entertainment HootanannyLIVE MUSIC ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-233651; www.hootananny.com; 67 Church St) Hootananny is the city's best live-music venue, with traditional folk- and/or rock-music sessions nightly, including big-name bands from all over Scotland (and, indeed, the world). The bar is well stocked with a range of beers from the local Black Isle Brewery. 8Information Inverness Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-252401; www.visithighlands.com; Castle Wynd; internet access per 20min £1; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 9.30am-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, 9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Jun, Sep & Oct, 9am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr & May) Bureau de change and accommodation booking service; also sells tickets for tours and cruises. Opening hours limited November to March. 8Getting There & Away Air Inverness AirportAIRPORT (INV; %01667-464000; www.hial.co.uk/inverness-airport) At Dalcross, 10 miles east of the city, off the A96 towards Aberdeen. There are scheduled flights to Amsterdam, London, Manchester, Orkney, Shetland and the Outer Hebrides, as well as other places in the British Isles. Bus Services depart from Inverness bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; Margaret St). A **Aberdeen** £12.50, 3¾ hours, hourly A **Aviemore** £9.80, 45 minutes, eight daily A **Edinburgh** £30, 3½ to 4½ hours, hourly A **Fort William** £11.20, two hours, five daily A **Glasgow** £30, 3½ to 4½ hours, hourly A **London** £45, 13 hours, one daily; more frequent services requiring a change at Glasgow. Operated by National Express ( %08717 81 81 78; www.gobycoach.com). A **Portree** £25, 3¼ hours, three daily A **Thurso** £19, three hours, three to five daily A **Ullapool** £12.80, 1½ hours, two daily except Sunday If you book far enough in advance, Megabus ( %0871 266 3333; www.megabus.com) offers fares from as little as £1 for buses from Inverness to Glasgow and Edinburgh, and £10 to London. Train A **Aberdeen** £27, 2¼ hours, eight daily A **Edinburgh** £41, 3½ hours, eight daily A **Glasgow** £41, 3½ hours, eight daily A **Kyle of Lochalsh** £22, 2½ hours, four daily Monday to Saturday, two Sunday; one of Britain's great scenic train journeys A **London** £100, eight to nine hours, one daily direct; others require a change at Edinburgh A **Wick** £19, 4½ hours, four daily Monday to Saturday, one or two on Sunday; via Thurso 8Getting Around To/From the Airport Stagecoach JetBUS (www.stagecoachbus.com) Buses run from the airport to Inverness bus station (£3.90, 20 minutes, every 30 minutes). Bicycle Ticket to RideBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01463-419160; www.tickettoridehighlands.co.uk; Bellfield Park; per day from £22; h9am-6pm Apr-Oct) Hires mountain bikes, hybrids and tandems; can be dropped off in Fort William. Will deliver bikes free to local hotels and B&Bs. Bus City services and buses to places around Inverness, including the Culloden battlefield, are operated by Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com). An Inverness City Dayrider ticket costs £3.40 and gives unlimited travel for a day on buses throughout the city. ### Around Inverness #### Culloden Battlefield The Battle of Culloden in 1746, the last pitched battle ever fought on British soil, saw the defeat of Bonnie Prince Charlie and the end of the Jacobite dream when 1200 Highlanders were slaughtered by government forces in a 68-minute rout. The Duke of Cumberland, son of the reigning King George II and leader of the Hanoverian army, earned the nickname 'Butcher' for his brutal treatment of the defeated Jacobite forces. The battle sounded the death knell for the old clan system, and the horrors of the Clearances soon followed. The sombre moor where the conflict took place has scarcely changed in the ensuing 260 years. Culloden is 6 miles east of Inverness. Bus 2 runs from Queensgate in Inverness to Culloden battlefield (£2.40, 30 minutes, hourly). Culloden Visitor CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE (NTS; www.nts.org.uk/culloden; adult/child £11/8.50; h9am-6pm Jun-Aug, to 5.30pm Apr, May, Sep & Oct, 10am-4pm Nov-Mar) This impressive visitor centre has everything you need to know about the Battle of Culloden in 1746, including the lead-up and the aftermath, with perspectives from both sides. An innovative film puts you on the battlefield in the middle of the mayhem, and a wealth of other audio presentations must have kept Inverness' entire acting community in business for weeks. The admission fee includes an audioguide for a self-guided tour of the battlefield itself. #### Fort George The headland guarding the narrows in the Moray Firth opposite Fortrose is occupied by the magnificent and virtually unaltered 18th-century artillery fortification of Fort George. Fort GeorgeFORTRESS (HS; %01667-462777; adult/child £8.90/5.40; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) One of the finest artillery fortifications in Europe, Fort George was established in 1748 in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden, as a base for George II's army of occupation in the Highlands. By the time of its completion in 1769 it had cost the equivalent of around £1 billion in today's money. It still functions as a military barracks; public areas have exhibitions on 18th-century soldiery, and the mile-plus walk around the ramparts offers fine views out to sea and back to the Great Glen. Given its size, you'll need at least two hours to do the place justice. The fort is off the A96 about 11 miles northeast of Inverness; there is no public transport. #### Cawdor Castle Cawdor CastleCASTLE ( %01667-404615; www.cawdorcastle.com; adult/child £10/6.50; h10am-5.30pm May-Sep) This castle was once the seat of the Thane of Cawdor, one of the titles prophesied by the three witches for the eponymous character of Shakespeare's _Macbeth_. Macbeth couldn't have lived here, though, since the central tower dates from the 14th century (the wings were 17th-century additions) and he died in 1057. The castle is 5 miles southwest of Nairn. #### Glen Affric The broad valley of **Strathglass** extends about 18 miles inland from the town of Beauly, followed by the A831 road to **Cannich** , the only village in the area, where there's a grocery store and a post office. Glen Affric (www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric), one of the most beautiful glens in Scotland, extends deep into the hills beyond Cannich. The upper reaches of the glen, now designated as **Glen Affric National Nature Reserve** , are a scenic wonderland of shimmering lochs, rugged mountains and native Scots pine, and they are home to pine marten, wildcat, otter, red squirrel and golden eagle. It's possible to walk all the way from Cannich to **Glen Shiel** on the west coast (35 miles) in two days, spending the night at the remote Glen Affric Youth Hostel. The route is now part of the newly waymarked **Affric-Kintail Way** (www.glenaffric.info), a 56-mile walking or mountain-biking trail leading from Drumnadrochit to Kintail via Cannich. 4Sleeping Glen Affric SYHAHOSTEL ( %bookings 0845 293 7373; www.syha.org.uk; Allt Beithe; dm £22; hApr–mid-Sep) This remote and rustic hostel is set amid magnificent scenery at the halfway point of the cross-country walk from Cannich to Glen Shiel, 8 miles from the nearest road. Facilities are basic and you'll need to take all supplies with you (and all litter away). Book in advance. There is no phone, internet or mobile phone signal at the hostel. oKerrow HouseB&B ( %01456-415243; www.kerrow-house.co.uk; Cannich; per person £40-45; p) S This wonderful Georgian hunting lodge has bags of old-fashioned character – it was once the home of Highland author Neil M Gunn – and has spacious grounds with 3.5 miles of private trout fishing. It's a mile south of Cannich on the minor road along the east side of the River Glass. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) buses 17 and 117 run from Inverness to Cannich (£5.40, one hour, three a day Monday to Saturday) via Drumnadrochit. #### Black Isle The Black Isle – a peninsula rather than an island – is linked to Inverness by the Kessock Bridge. At **Fortrose Cathedral** you'll find the vaulted crypt of a 13th-century chapter house and sacristy, and the ruinous 14th-century south aisle and chapel. In **Rosemarkie** , the Groam House Museum ( %01381-620961; www.groamhouse.org.uk; High St; h11am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 2-4.30pm Sat & Sun Easter-Oct) has a superb collection of Pictish stones engraved with designs similar to those on Celtic Irish stones. The pretty village of **Cromarty** at the northeastern tip of the Black Isle has lots of 18th-century red-sandstone houses. The 18th-century Cromarty Courthouse ( %01381-600418; www.cromarty-courthouse.org.uk; Church St; hnoon-4pm daily Jul-Aug, Sun-Thu Easter-Jun & Sep) details the town's history using contemporary references. Kids will love the talking mannequins. From Cromarty harbour, Ecoventures ( %01381-600323; www.ecoventures.co.uk; Cromarty Harbour; adult/child £26/20) runs 2½-hour boat trips (adult/child £22/16) into the Moray Firth to see bottlenose dolphins and other wildlife. Stagecoach buses 26 and 26A run from Inverness to Fortrose and Rosemarkie (£3.30, 30 to 40 minutes, twice hourly Monday to Saturday); half of them continue to Cromarty (£4.70, one hour). ### Loch Ness Deep, dark and narrow, Loch Ness stretches for 23 miles between Inverness and Fort Augustus. Its bitterly cold waters have been extensively explored in search of Nessie, the elusive Loch Ness monster, but most visitors see her only in cardboard-cutout form at Drumnadrochit's monster exhibitions. The busy A82 road runs along the northwestern shore, while the more tranquil and picturesque B862 follows the southeastern shore. A complete circuit of the loch is about 70 miles – travel anticlockwise for the best views. 2Activities The 79-mile Great Glen Way (www.greatglenway.com) long-distance footpath stretches from Inverness to Fort William, where walkers can connect with the **West Highland Way**. It can also be ridden (strenuous!) by mountain bike, while the **Great Glen Mountain Bike Trails** at Nevis Range and Abriachan Forest offer challenging cross-country and downhill trails. (You can hire a mountain bike in Fort William and drop it off in Inverness, and vice versa.) The South Loch Ness Trail (www.visitlochness.com/south-loch-ness-trail) links a series of footpaths and minor roads along the less-frequented southern side of the loch. The 28 miles from Loch Tarff near Fort Augustus to Torbreck on the fringes of Inverness can be done on foot, by bike or on horseback. There's also the option of the Great Glen Canoe Trail (www.greatglencanoetrail.info), a series of access points, waymarks and informal campsites that allow you to travel the length of the glen by canoe or kayak. #### Drumnadrochit Population 1100 Seized by monster madness, its gift shops bulging with Nessie cuddly toys, Drumnadrochit is a hotbed of beastie fever, with two monster exhibitions battling it out for the tourist dollar. 1Sights & Activities Urquhart CastleCASTLE (HS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01456-450551; adult/child £7.90/4.80; h9.30am-6pm Apr-Sep, to 5pm Oct, to 4.30pm Nov-Mar; p) Commanding a brilliant location 1.5 miles east of Drumnadrochit, with outstanding views (on a clear day), Urquhart Castle is a popular Nessie-watching hotspot. A huge visitor centre (most of which is beneath ground level) includes a video theatre (with a dramatic 'unveiling' of the castle at the end of the film) and displays of medieval items discovered in the castle. The castle was repeatedly sacked and rebuilt (and sacked and rebuilt) over the centuries; in 1692 it was blown up to prevent the Jacobites from using it. The five-storey tower house at the northern point is the most impressive remaining fragment and offers wonderful views across the water. The site includes a huge gift shop and a restaurant, and is often very crowded in summer. Loch Ness Centre & ExhibitionINTERPRETATION CENTRE ( %01456-450573; www.lochness.com; adult/child £7.45/4.95; h9.30am-6pm Jul & Aug, to 5pm Easter-Jun, Sep & Oct, 10am-3.30pm Nov-Easter; p) This Nessie-themed attraction adopts a scientific approach that allows you to weigh the evidence for yourself. Exhibits include the original equipment – sonar survey vessels, miniature submarines, cameras and sediment coring tools – used in various monster hunts, as well as original photographs and film footage of sightings. You'll find out about hoaxes and optical illusions, as well as learning a lot about the ecology of Loch Ness – is there enough food in the loch to support even one 'monster', let alone a breeding population? Nessie HunterBOAT TOUR ( %01456-450395; www.lochness-cruises.com; adult/child £15/10; hEaster-Oct) One-hour monster-hunting cruises, complete with sonar and underwater cameras. Cruises depart from Drumnadrochit hourly (except 1pm) from 9am to 6pm daily. 4Sleeping & Eating Loch Ness Backpackers LodgeHOSTEL ( %01456-450807; www.lochness-backpackers.com; Coiltie Farmhouse, East Lewiston; per person from £16; p W) This snug, friendly hostel housed in a cottage and barn has six-bed dorms, one double and a large barbecue area. It's about 0.75 miles from Drumnadrochit, along the A82 towards Fort William; turn left where you see the sign for Loch Ness Inn, just before the bridge. Loch Ness InnINN ( %01456-450991; www.staylochness.co.uk; Lewiston; d/f £90/120; p W) The Loch Ness Inn ticks all the weary traveller's boxes, with comfortable bedrooms (the family suite sleeps two adults and two children), a cosy bar pouring real ales from the Cairngorm and Isle of Skye breweries, and a rustic restaurant (mains £9 to £19) serving hearty, wholesome fare such as whisky-flambéed haggis, and roast rump of Scottish lamb. It's conveniently located in the quiet hamlet of Lewiston, between Drumnadrochit and Urquhart Castle. Drumbuie FarmB&B ( %01456-450634; www.loch-ness-farm.co.uk; Drumnadrochit; s/d from £44/68; p) Drumbuie is a B&B in a modern house on a working farm – the surrounding fields are full of sheep and highland cattle – with views over Urquhart Castle and Loch Ness. Walkers and cyclists are welcome. 8Getting There & Away Scottish Citylink ( %0871 266 3333; www.citylink.co.uk) and Stagecoach buses from Inverness to Fort William run along the shores of Loch Ness (six to eight daily, five on Sunday); those headed for Skye turn off at Invermoriston. There are bus stops at Drumnadrochit (£3.20, 30 minutes), and Urquhart Castle (£3.50, 35 minutes). ### THE MONSTER OF LOCH NESS Highland folklore is filled with tales of strange creatures living in lochs and rivers, notably the kelpie (water horse) that lures unwary travellers to their doom. The use of the term 'monster', however, is a relatively recent phenomenon, the origins of which lie in an article published in the _Inverness Courier_ on 2 May 1933, entitled 'Strange Spectacle on Loch Ness'. The article recounted the sighting of a disturbance in the loch by Mrs Aldie Mackay and her husband: 'There the creature disported itself, rolling and plunging for fully a minute, its body resembling that of a whale, and the water cascading and churning like a simmering cauldron.' The story was taken up by the London press and sparked off a rash of sightings that year, including a notorious on-land encounter with London tourists Mr and Mrs Spicer on 22 July 1933, again reported in the _Inverness Courier:_ 'It was horrible, an abomination. About 50 yards ahead, we saw an undulating sort of neck, and quickly followed by a large, ponderous body. I estimated the length to be 25 to 30 feet, its colour was dark elephant grey. It crossed the road in a series of jerks, but because of the slope we could not see its limbs. Although I accelerated quickly towards it, it had disappeared into the loch by the time I reached the spot. There was no sign of it in the water. I am a temperate man, but I am willing to take any oath that we saw this Loch Ness beast. I am certain that this creature was of a prehistoric species.' The London newspapers couldn't resist. In December 1933 the _Daily Mail_ sent Marmaduke Wetherall, a film director and big-game hunter, to Loch Ness to track down the beast. Within days he found 'reptilian' footprints in the shoreline mud (soon revealed to have been made with a stuffed hippopotamus foot). Then in April 1934 came the famous 'long-necked monster' photograph taken by the seemingly reputable Harley St surgeon Colonel Kenneth Wilson. The press went mad and the rest, as they say, is history. In 1994, however, Christian Spurling – Wetherall's stepson, by then 90 years old – revealed that the most famous photo of Nessie ever taken was in fact a hoax, perpetrated by his stepfather with Wilson's help. Today, of course, there are those who claim that Spurling's confession is itself a hoax. And, ironically, the researcher who exposed the surgeon's photo as a fake still believes wholeheartedly in the monster's existence. There have been regular sightings of the monster through the years (see www.lochnesssightings.com), with a peak in 1996-97 (the Hollywood movie _Loch Ness_ was released in 1996), but reports have tailed off in recent years – there were no sightings at all in 2013. Hoax or not, there's no denying that the bizarre mini-industry that has grown up around Loch Ness and its mysterious monster since that eventful summer three-quarters of a century ago is a spectacle in its own right. ### Fort Augustus Population 620 Fort Augustus, at the junction of four old military roads, was originally a government garrison and the headquarters of General George Wade's road-building operations in the early 18th century. Today it's a neat and picturesque little place, often overrun by coach-tour crowds in summer. 1Sights & Activities Caledonian CanalCANAL (www.scottishcanals.co.uk) At Fort Augustus, boats using the Caledonian Canal are raised and lowered 13m by a 'ladder' of five consecutive locks. It's fun to watch, and the neatly landscaped canal banks are a great place to soak up the sun or compare accents with fellow tourists. The Caledonian Canal Visitor Centre ( %01320-366493; Ardchattan House, Canalside; h10am-1.30pm & 2-5.30pm Apr-Oct), beside the lowest lock, showcases the history of the canal. 4Sleeping & Eating Morag's LodgeHOSTEL ( %01320-366289; www.moragslodge.com; Bunoich Brae; dm/tw/f from £21/50/69; p i W) This large and well-run hostel is based in a big Victorian house with great views of Fort Augustus' hilly surrounds, and has a convivial bar with open fire. It's hidden away in the trees up the steep side road just north of the tourist office car park. oLovatHOTEL ( %01456-459250; www.thelovat.com; Main Rd; d from £121; p W) S A boutique-style makeover has transformed this former huntin'-and-shootin' hotel into a luxurious but eco-conscious retreat set apart from the tourist crush around the canal. The bedrooms are spacious and stylishly furnished, while the lounge is equipped with a log fire, comfy armchairs and grand piano. It has an informal brasserie and a highly acclaimed restaurant (five-course dinner £50), which serves top-quality cuisine. Lock InnPUB FOOD (Canal Side; mains £9-14; hmeals noon-8pm) A superb little pub right on the canal bank, the Lock Inn has a vast range of malt whiskies and a tempting menu of bar meals, which includes Orkney salmon, Highland venison and daily seafood specials; the house speciality is beer-battered haddock and chips. 8Information Fort Augustus Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01320-366367; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat & 9am-5pm Sun Easter-Oct) In the central car park. 8Getting There & Away Scottish Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) and Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) buses from Inverness to Fort William stop at Fort Augustus (£6 to £10.20, one hour, five to eight daily Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). ## 2Driving Tour A Loch Ness Circuit **Start** Inverness **Finish** Inverness **Length** 130 miles; four hours Head out of Inverness on the A862 to 1 **Beauly** , arriving in time for breakfast in Beauly. Backtrack a mile and turn right on the A831 to Cannich, passing 2 **Kilmorack Gallery** , which exhibits contemporary art in a converted church. The scenery gets wilder as you approach 3 **Cannich** ; turn right and follow the single-track road to the car park at 4 **Dog Falls**. Take a stroll along the rushing river, or hike to the viewpoint (one-hour round trip) for a glimpse of remote Glen Affric. Return to Cannich and turn right on the A831 to Drumnadrochit, then right on the A82 past picturesque 5Urquhart Castle and along the shores of Loch Ness. At 6 **Invermoriston** , pause to look at the old bridge, built by Telford in 1813, then head west on the A897 towards Kyle of Lochalsh; after 16 miles go left on the A87 towards Invergarry. You are now among some of the finest mountain scenery in the Highlands; as the road turns east above Loch Garry, stop at the famous 7 **viewpoint** (the layby on the right, it's not signposted). By a quirk of perspective, the lochs to the west appear to form the map outline of Scotland. At 8 **Invergarry** , turn left on the A82 to reach 9 **Fort Augustus** and a late lunch at the Lovat or Lock Inn. Take the B862 out of town, following the line of General Wade's 18th-century military road, to another viewpoint at a **Suidhe Chuimein**. A short (800m) walk up the well-worn path to the summit affords an even better panorama. Ahead, you can choose the low road via the impressive b **Falls of Foyers** or stay on the the high road (B862) for more views; both converge on Loch Ness at the c **Dores Inn** , where you can sip a pint with a view along Loch Ness, and even stay for dinner before returning to Inverness. ## The Cairngorms The Cairngorms National Park (www.cairngorms.co.uk) encompasses the highest landmass in Britain – a broad mountain plateau, riven only by the deep valleys of the Lairig Ghru and Loch Avon, with an average altitude of over 1000m and including five of the six highest summits in the UK. This wild mountain landscape of granite and heather has a sub-Arctic climate and supports rare alpine tundra vegetation and high-altitude bird species, such as snow bunting, ptarmigan and dotterel. The harsh mountain environment gives way lower down to scenic glens softened by beautiful open forests of native Scots pine, home to rare animals and birds such as pine martens, wildcats, red squirrels, ospreys, capercaillies and crossbills. This is prime hill-walking territory, but even couch potatoes can enjoy a taste of the high life by taking the Cairngorm Mountain Railway up to the edge of the Cairngorm plateau. ### Aviemore Population 3150 The gateway to the Cairngorms, Aviemore is the region's main centre for transport, accommodation, restaurants and shops. It's not the prettiest town in Scotland by a long stretch – the main attractions are in the surrounding area. The Cairngorm skiing area and funicular railway lie 9 miles southeast of Aviemore along the B970 (Ski Rd) and its continuation, past Coylumbridge and Glenmore. 1Sights & Activities Strathspey Steam RailwayHERITAGE RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810725; www.strathspeyrailway.co.uk; Station Sq; return ticket per adult/child £13.95/6.98) Strathspey Steam Railway runs steam trains on a section of restored line between Aviemore and Broomhill, 10 miles to the northeast, via Boat of Garten. There are four or five trains daily from June to August, and a more limited service in April, May, September, October and December, with the option of enjoying afternoon tea, Sunday lunch or a five-course dinner on board. An extension to Grantown-on-Spey is under construction (see www.railstograntown.org); in the meantime, you can continue from Broomhill to Grantown-on-Spey by bus. oRothiemurchus EstateFOREST ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.rothiemurchus.net) The Rothiemurchus Estate, which extends from the River Spey at Aviemore to the Cairngorm summit plateau, is famous for having Scotland's largest remnant of **Caledonian forest** , the ancient forest of Scots pine that once covered most of the country. The forest is home to a large population of red squirrels, and is one of the last bastions of the Scottish wildcat. The Rothiemurchus Estate visitor centre ( %01479-812345; h9.30am-5.50pm), a mile southeast of Aviemore along the B970, sells an _Explorer Map_ detailing more than 50 miles of **footpaths** and **cycling trails** , including the wheelchair-accessible 4-mile trail around **Loch an Eilein** , with its ruined castle and peaceful pine woods. 4Sleeping Aviemore BunkhouseHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-811181; www.aviemore-bunkhouse.com; Dalfaber Rd; dm/d/f from £19/50/65; p i W) This independent hostel provides accommodation in bright, modern six- or eight-bed dorms, each with private bathroom, and one twin/family room. It has a drying room, secure bike storage and wheelchair-accessible dorms. From the train station, cross the pedestrian bridge over the tracks, turn right and walk south on Dalfaber Rd. Aviemore SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810345; www.syha.org.uk; 25 Grampian Rd; dm £20; p i W) Upmarket hostelling in a spacious, well-equipped modern building, five minutes' walk south of the village centre. There are four- and six-bed rooms, and a comfortable lounge with views of the mountains. Rothiemurchus Camp & Caravan ParkCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-812800; www.rothiemurchus.net; Coylumbridge; sites per adult/child £11/2) The nearest camping ground to Aviemore is this year-round park, beautifully sited among Scots pines at Coylumbridge, 1.5 miles along the B970. Old Minister's HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-812181; www.theoldministershouse.co.uk; Rothiemurchus; s/d £70/110; p W) This former manse dates from 1906 and has four rooms with a homely, country-farmhouse feel. It's in a lovely setting amid Scots pines on the banks of the River Druie, just 0.75 miles southeast of Aviemore. Ardlogie Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810747; www.ardlogie.co.uk; Dalfaber Rd; s/d from £40/62, Bothy per 3 nights £165; p W) Handy to the train station, the five-room Ardlogie has great views over the River Spey towards the Cairngorms. There's also self-catering accommodation in the Bothy, a cosy, two-person timber cabin. Facilities include a boules pitch in the garden, and guests can get free use of the local country club's pool, spa and sauna. Ravenscraig Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810278; www.aviemoreonline.com; Grampian Rd; s/d £48/82 ; p W) Ravenscraig is a large, flower-bedecked Victorian villa with six spacious en suite rooms, plus another six in a modern chalet at the back (one wheelchair accessible). It serves traditional and veggie breakfasts in an attractive conservatory dining room. 5Eating & Drinking oMountain CafeCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.mountaincafe-aviemore.co.uk; 111 Grampian Rd; mains £4-10; h8.30am-5pm Tue-Thu, to 5.30pm Fri-Mon; p v c) The Mountain Cafe offers freshly prepared local produce with a Kiwi twist (the owner is from New Zealand) – healthy breakfasts of muesli, porridge and fresh fruit (till 11.30am), hearty lunches of seafood chowder, burgers and imaginative salads, and homebaked breads, cakes and biscuits. Vegan, coeliac and nut-allergic diets catered for. Old Bridge InnPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-811137; www.oldbridgeinn.co.uk; 23 Dalfaber Rd; hnoon-midnight Sun-Thu, to 1am Fri & Sat; W) The Old Bridge has a snug bar, complete with roaring log fire in winter, and a cheerful, chalet-style restaurant ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.oldbridgeinn.co.uk; mains £10-24; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm, to 10pm Fri & Sat) at the back serving quality Scottish cuisine. 8Information Aviemore Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810930; www.visitaviemore.com; The Mall, Grampian Rd; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 9.30am-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, 9am-5pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun Easter-Jun, Sep & Oct) Hours are limited from October to Easter. 8Getting There & Away Bus Buses stop on Grampian Rd opposite the train station; buy tickets at the tourist office. Services include the following: A **Edinburgh** £26, four hours, five daily A **Glasgow** £26, 2¾ hours, five daily A **Grantown-on-Spey** £3.50, 35 minutes, five daily weekdays, two Saturday; bus 33 via Carrbridge (15 minutes) A **Inverness** £9.80, 45 minutes, eight daily A **Perth** £19.20, 2¼ hours, five daily Train The train station is on Grampian Rd. A **Glasgow/Edinburgh** £40, three hours, six daily A **Inverness** £11.70, 40 minutes, 12 daily 8Getting Around Bike Several places in Aviemore, Rothiemurchus Estate and Glenmore hire mountain bikes. Bothy BikesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-810111; www.bothybikes.co.uk; 5 Granish Way, Dalfaber; h9am-5.30pm) Charges £20 a day for a quality bike with front suspension and disc brakes. Bus Bus 31 links Aviemore to Cairngorm car park (£2.50, 30 minutes, hourly) via Coylumbridge and Glenmore. A Strathspey Dayrider/Megarider ticket (one/seven days £6.50/17) gives unlimited bus travel from Aviemore as far as Cairngorm, Carrbridge and Kingussie (buy from the bus driver). ### Around Aviemore #### Cairngorm Mountain 1Sights & Activities Cairngorm Mountain RailwayFUNICULAR RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-861261; www.cairngormmountain.org; adult/child return £10.50/6.80; hevery 20min, 10am-4pm May-Nov, 9am-4.30pm Dec-Apr) The region's most popular attraction is a funicular railway that will whisk you to the edge of the Cairngorm plateau (1085m) in just eight minutes. The bottom station is at the Coire Cas car park at the end of Ski Rd; at the top is an exhibition, a shop (of course) and a restaurant. Unfortunately, for environmental and safety reasons, you're not allowed out of the top station in summer unless you book a guided walk or mountain-bike descent. Cairngorm Mountain Ski AreaWINTER SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cairngormmountain.org; 1-day ski pass per adult/child £33.50/20) Aspen or Val d'Isère it ain't, but with 19 runs and 23 miles of piste, Cairngorm is Scotland's biggest ski area. When the snow is at its best and the sun is shining, you can close your eyes and imagine you're in the Alps; sadly, low cloud, high winds and horizontal sleet are more common. Ski or snowboard hire is around £23/17 per adult/child per day; there are lots of hire outlets at Coire Cas, Glenmore and Aviemore. ### MOUNTAIN WALKS IN THE CAIRNGORMS The climb from the car park at the Coire Cas ski area to the summit of **Cairn Gorm** (1245m) takes about two hours (one way). From there, you can continue south across the high-level plateau to Ben Macdui (1309m), Britain's second-highest peak. This takes eight to 10 hours return from the car park and is a serious undertaking; it's for experienced and well-equipped walkers only. The **Lairig Ghru trail** , which can take eight to 10 hours, is a demanding 24-mile walk from Aviemore through the Lairig Ghru pass (840m) to Braemar. An alternative to doing the full route is to make the six-hour return hike up to the summit of the pass and back to Aviemore. The path starts from Ski Rd, a mile east of Coylumbridge, and involves some very rough going. **Warning** – the Cairngorm plateau is a sub-Arctic environment where navigation is difficult and weather conditions can be severe, even in midsummer. Hikers must have proper hill-walking equipment, and know how to use a map and compass. In winter it is a place for experienced mountaineers only. Trip durations are estimates only. #### Loch Morlich Six miles east of Aviemore, Loch Morlich is surrounded by some 8 sq miles of pine and spruce forest that make up the **Glenmore Forest Park**. Its attractions include a sandy beach (at the east end). 1Sights & Activities oGlenmore LodgeADVENTURE SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-861256; www.glenmorelodge.org.uk) One of Britain's leading adventure sports training centres, offering courses in hill walking, rock climbing, ice climbing, canoeing, mountain biking and mountaineering. The centre's comfortable B&B accommodation (tw £76) is available to all, even if you're not taking a course, as is the indoor-climbing wall, gym and sauna. Cairngorm Reindeer CentreGUIDED TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.cairngormreindeer.co.uk; adult/child £12/6) The warden here will take you on a guided walk to see and feed Britain's only herd of reindeer, who are very tame and will even eat out of your hand. Walks take place at 11am daily year-round (weather-dependent), plus another at 2.30pm from May to September, and 3.30pm Monday to Friday in July and August. Loch Morlich Watersports CentreWATER SPORTS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-861221; www.lochmorlich.com; h9am-5pm May-Oct) This popular outfit rents out Canadian canoes (£21 an hour), kayaks (£8), sailboards (£17.50), sailing dinghies (£25) and rowing boats (£21), and also offers instruction. 4Sleeping Cairngorm Lodge SYHAHOSTEL ( %01479-861238; dm/tw £17/45; hclosed Nov & Dec; i W) Set in a former shooting lodge that enjoys a great location at the east end of Loch Morlich; booking is essential. Glenmore CampsiteCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-861271; www.campingintheforest.co.uk; tent & campervan sites £27) Campers can set up base at this attractive lochside site with pitches amid the Scots pines; rates include up to four people per tent/campervan. Open year round. #### Boat of Garten Boat of Garten is known as the Osprey Village because these rare and beautiful birds of prey nest nearby at the RSPB Loch Garten Osprey Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01479-831694; www.rspb.org.uk/lochgarten; Tulloch; osprey hide adult/child £5/2; hosprey hide 10am-6pm Apr-Aug). The ospreys migrate here each spring from Africa and nest in a tall pine tree – you can watch from a hide as the birds feed their young. The centre is signposted about 2 miles east of the village. Boat of Garten is 6 miles northeast of Aviemore. The most interesting way to get here is on the Strathspey Steam Railway from Aviemore. ### Kingussie & Newtonmore The gracious old Speyside towns of Kingussie (kin- _yew-_ see) and Newtonmore, 2.5 miles apart, sit at the foot of the great heather-clad humps known as the Monadhliath Mountains. Newtonmore is best known as the home of the excellent Highland Folk Museum. 1Sights & Activities Highland Folk MuseumMUSEUM ( %01540-673551; www.highlandfolk.museum; Kingussie Rd, Newtonmore; h10.30am-5.30pm Apr-Aug, 11am-4.30pm Sep & Oct) F The open-air Highland Folk Museum comprises a collection of historical buildings and artefacts revealing many aspects of Highland culture and lifestyle. Laid out like a farming township, it has a community of traditional thatch-roofed cottages, a sawmill, a schoolhouse, a shepherd's bothy (hut) and a rural post office. Actors in period costume give demonstrations of woodcarving, wool-spinning and peat-fire baking. You'll need at least two to three hours to make the most of a visit here. Laggan WolftraxMOUNTAIN BIKING (scotland.forestry.gov.uk/visit/laggan-wolftrax; Strathmashie Forest; trails free, parking £3; h10am-6pm Mon, 9.30am-5pm Tue, Thu & Fri, 9.30am-6pm Sat & Sun) Ten miles southwest of Newtonmore, on the A86 road towards Spean Bridge, this is one of Scotland's top mountain-biking centres with purpose-built trails ranging from open-country riding to black-diamond downhills with rock slabs and drop-offs. At the time of research, a new centre with cafe and bike shop was scheduled to open in summer 2014. 4Sleeping & Eating oEagleview Guest HouseB&B ( %01540-673675; www.eagleviewguesthouse.co.uk; Perth Rd, Newtonmore; r per person £39-40; p W) Welcoming Eagleview is one of the best places to stay in the area, with beautifully decorated bedrooms, super-king-size beds, spacious bathrooms with power showers (except room 4, which has a Victorian slipper bath!), and nice little touches such as cafetières (coffee plungers) with real coffee – and fresh milk – on your hospitality tray, and Scottish kippers on the breakfast menu. HermitageB&B ( %01540-662137; www.thehermitage-scotland.com; Spey St, Kingussie; s/d from £40/70; p W) The five-bedroom Hermitage is a lovely old house with plenty of character, filled with Victorian period features – ask for room 5 (superior king), with double bed, Chesterfield sofa, and a view of the hills. The lounge has deep sofas ranged by a log fire, and there are good views of the Cairngorms from the breakfast room and garden. oCrossSCOTTISH ( %01540-661166; www.thecross.co.uk; Tweed Mill Brae, off Ardbroilach Rd, Kingussie; 2-course lunch £23, 3-course dinner £60; hnoon-2pm & 7-8.30pm; p W) S Housed in a converted water mill, the Cross is one of the finest restaurants in the Highlands. The intimate, low-raftered dining room has an open fire and a patio overlooking the stream, and serves a daily-changing menu of fresh Scottish produce accompanied by a superb wine list. If you want to stay the night, there are eight stylish rooms (double or twin £100 to £180) to choose from. 8Getting There & Away Bus Kingussie and Newtonmore are served by Scottish Citylink buses: A **Aviemore** £7.70, 25 minutes, five to seven daily A **Inverness** £13.40, one hour, six to eight Monday to Saturday, three Sunday A **Perth** £16.30, 1¾ hours, five daily Train Kingussie's train station is at the southern end of town. Kingussie and Newtonmore are served by the following: A **Edinburgh** £35, 2½ hours, seven a day Monday to Saturday, two Sunday A **Inverness** £11.70, 50 minutes, eight a day Monday to Saturday, four Sunday ### Royal Deeside The upper valley of the River Dee stretches west from Aboyne to Braemar, closely paralleled by the A93 road. Made famous by its long association with the monarchy – today's royal family still holiday at Balmoral Castle, built for Queen Victoria in 1855 – the region is often called Royal Deeside. The River Dee, renowned world-over for its **salmon fishing** , has its source in the Cairngorm Mountains west of Braemar, the starting point for long walks into the hills. The FishDee website (www.fishdee.co.uk) has all you need to know about fishing on the river. #### Ballater Population 1530 The attractive little village of Ballater owes its 18th-century origins to the curative waters of nearby Pannanich Springs (now bottled commercially as Deeside Natural Mineral Water), and its prosperity to nearby Balmoral Castle. The tourist office ( %01339-755306; Station Sq; h9am-6pm Jul & Aug, 10am-5pm Sep-Jun) is in the Old Royal Station. When Queen Victoria travelled to Balmoral Castle she would alight from the royal train at Ballater's Old Royal Station ( %01339-755306; Station Sq; admission £2; h10am-6pm Jul & Aug, 10am-5pm Sep-Jun). The station has been beautifully restored and now houses the tourist office, a cafe and a museum with a replica of Victoria's royal coach (the original is in the National Railway Museum in York). You can hire bikes from CycleHighlands ( %01339-755864; www.cyclehighlands.com; The Pavilion, Victoria Rd; bicycle hire per day £18; h9am-6pm) and Bike Station ( %01339-754004; www.bikestationballater.co.uk; Station Sq; bicycle hire per 3hr/day £12/18; h9am-6pm), which also offer guided bike rides and advice on local trails. #### Balmoral Castle Eight miles west of Ballater lies Balmoral Castle ( %01339-742334; www.balmoralcastle.com; adult/child £11/5; h10am-5pm Apr-Jul, last admission 4.30pm), the Queen's Highland holiday home, screened from the road by a thick curtain of trees. Built for Queen Victoria in 1855 as a private residence for the royal family, it kicked off the revival of the Scottish Baronial style of architecture that characterises so many of Scotland's 19th-century country houses. The admission fee includes an interesting and well thought-out audioguide, but the tour is very much an outdoor one through garden and grounds; as for the castle itself, only the **ballroom** , which displays a collection of Landseer paintings and royal silver, is open to the public. Don't expect to see the Queen's private quarters! The main attraction is learning about Highland estate­ management, rather than royal revelations. Balmoral is beside the A93 at Crathie and can be reached on the Aberdeen–Braemar bus. #### Braemar Population 450 Braemar is a pretty little village with a grand location on a broad plain ringed by mountains where the Dee valley and Glen Clunie meet. In winter this is one of the coldest places in the country – temperatures as low as -29°C have been recorded – and during spells of severe cold, hungry deer wander the streets looking for a bite to eat. Braemar is an excellent base for hill walking, and there's also skiing at nearby Glenshee. The tourist office ( %01399-741600; The Mews, Mar Rd; h9am-6pm Aug, 9am-5pm Jun, Jul, Sep & Oct, 10am-5pm Mon-Sat, 2-5pm Sun Nov-May), opposite the Fife Arms Hotel, has lots of useful info on walks in the area. Just north of the village, turreted Braemar Castle (www.braemarcastle.co.uk; adult/child £8/4; h10am-4pm Sat & Sun Jun-Sep, also Wed Jul–mid-Sep, daily Aug, 11am-3pm Sat-Sun May & Oct) dates from 1628 and served as a government garrison after the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. It was taken over by the local community in 2007, and now offers guided tours of the historic castle apartments. An easy walk from Braemar is up **Creag Choinnich** (538m), a hill to the east of the village above the A93. The 1-mile route is waymarked and takes about 1½ hours. For a longer walk (4 miles; about three hours) and superb views of the Cairngorms, head for the summit of **Morrone** (859m), southwest of Braemar. Ask at the tourist office for details of these and other walks. You can hire mountain bikes from Braemar Mountain Sports ( %01339-741242; www.braemarmountainsports.com; 5 Invercauld Rd; bike hire per day £18; h9am-6pm) for £18 per 24 hours. It also rents skiing and mountaineering equipment. 4Sleeping oRucksacks BunkhouseHOSTEL ( %01339-741517; 15 Mar Rd; bothy £7, dm £12-15, tw £36; p) An appealing cottage with a comfy dorm, and cheaper beds in an alpine-style bothy (shared sleeping platform for 10 people; bring your own sleeping bag). Extras include a drying room (for wet-weather gear), a laundry and even a sauna (£10 an hour). The friendly owner is a font of knowledge about the local area. Braemar SYHAHOSTEL ( %01339-741659; www.syha.org.uk; 21 Glenshee Rd; dm/tw £18.50/44; hFeb-Oct; i) This hostel is housed in a grand former shooting lodge just south of Braemar viilage centre on the A93 to Perth. It has a comfy lounge with pool table, and a barbecue in the garden. CraigleaB&B ( %01339-741641; www.craigleabraemar.com; Hillside Dr; d/f from £74/105; p W) Craiglea is a homely B&B set in a pretty stone cottage with three en suite bedrooms. Vegetarian breakfasts are available and the owners can give advice on local walks. St MargaretsB&B ( %01339-741697; soky37@hotmail.com; 13 School Rd; s/tw £34/56; W) Grab this place if you can, but there's only one room, a twin with a serious sunflower theme. The genuine warmth of the welcome is delightful. It's tucked behind the church on the south side of the A93 road. 5Eating TasteCAFE ( %01339-741425; www.taste-braemar.co.uk; Airlie House, Mar Rd; mains £4-7; h10am-5pm Tue-Sat; c) S Taste is a relaxed little cafe with armchairs in the window, serving homemade soups, sandwiches, coffee and cakes. oGathering PlaceBISTRO ( %01339-741234; www.the-gathering-place.co.uk; 9 Invercauld Rd; mains £12-19; h6-9pm Tue-Sat; W) This bright and breezy bistro is an unexpected corner of culinary excellence, with a welcoming dining room and sunny conservatory, tucked below the main road junction at the entrance to Braemar village. 8Getting There & Away Bus 201 runs from Aberdeen to Braemar (£11, 2¼ hours, every two hours Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). The 50-mile drive from Perth to Braemar is beautiful, but there's no public transport on this route. ## Highland Perthshire ### Dunkeld & Birnam Population 1005 The Tay runs like a storybook river between the twin towns of Dunkeld and Birnam, nestled in the heart of Perthshire's Big Tree Country. As well as Dunkeld's lovely cathedral, there's much walking to be done in this area of magnificent forested hills. These same walks were one of the inspirations for Beatrix Potter to create her children's tales. 1Sights Dunkeld CathedralCHURCH (HS; www.dunkeldcathedral.org.uk; High St; h9.30am-6.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4pm Oct-Mar) F Situated on the grassy banks of the River Tay, Dunkeld Cathedral is one of the most beautifully sited churches in Scotland; don't miss it on a sunny day, when there are few lovelier places to be. Half the cathedral is still in use as a church; the rest is in ruins. It partly dates from the 14th century, having suffered damaged during the Reformation and the battle of Dunkeld (Jacobites versus the government) in 1689. BirnamVILLAGE Across the bridge from Dunkeld is Birnam, a name made famous by _Macbeth_. There's not much left of Birnam Wood, but there is a small, leafy **Beatrix Potter Park** (the children's author, who wrote the evergreen story of _Peter Rabbit_ , spent childhood holidays in the area). Next to the park, in the Birnam Arts Centre (www.birnaminstitute.com; Station Rd; admission £1.50; h10am-5pm mid-Mar–Nov, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat & 11am-4.30pm Sun Dec–mid-Mar), is a small exhibition on Potter and her characters. Loch of the Lowes Wildlife CentreWILDLIFE RESERVE ( %01350-727337; www.swt.org.uk; adult/child £4/50p; h10am-5pm Mar-Oct, 10.30am-4pm Fri-Sun Nov-Feb) Loch of the Lowes, 2 miles east of Dunkeld off the A923, has a visitor centre devoted to red squirrels and the majestic osprey. There's a birdwatching hide (with binoculars provided), where you can see the birds nesting during breeding season (late April to August). 4Sleeping & Eating oJessie Mac'sHOSTEL, B&B ( %01350-727324; www.jessiemacs.co.uk; Murthly Tce, Birnam; dm £18, d £70; W) S Set in a Victorian manse complete with baronial turret, Jessie Mac's is a glorious cross between B&B and luxury hostel, with three gorgeous doubles and five shared rooms with bunks. Guests make good use of the country-style lounge, sunny dining room and well-equipped kitchen, and breakfasts are composed of local produce, from organic eggs to Dunkeld smoked salmon. oTaybankPUB FOOD ( %01350-727340; www.thetaybank.co.uk; Tay Tce; mains £6-9; h11am-11pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, 12.30-11pm Sun) Top choice for a sun-kissed pub lunch by the river is the Taybank, a regular meeting place and performance space for musicians of all creeds and a wonderfully welcoming bar serving ales from the local Strathbraan Brewery. There's live music several nights per week, and the menu runs to burgers and stovies (stewed potato and onion with meat or other ingredients). 8Information Dunkeld Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01350-727688; www.dunkeldandbirnam.org.uk; The Cross; h9am-5pm Apr-Oct, Fri-Sun Nov-Mar) Has information on local hiking and biking trails. 8Getting There & Away Dunkeld is 15 miles north of Perth. Citylink buses running between Glasgow/Edinburgh (£16.60, two hours, five daily) and Inverness stop at the Birnam Hotel. Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) runs hourly buses (only five on Sunday) between Perth and Dunkeld (£2.50, 40 minutes), continuing to Aberfeldy. There are also buses from Dunkeld to Blairgowrie (£2.50, 35 minutes), twice daily on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday only. ### Pitlochry Population 2780 Pitlochry, with the scent of the Highlands already in the air, is a popular stop on the way north. In summer the main street can be a conga line of tour groups, but linger a while and it can still charm – on a quiet spring evening it's a pretty place with salmon leaping in the Tummel and good things brewing at the Moulin Hotel. 1Sights One of Pitlochry's attractions is its beautiful **riverside** ; the River Tummel is dammed here, and if you're lucky you might see salmon swimming up the **fish ladder** to Loch Faskally above (May to November, best month is October). oEdradour DistilleryDISTILLERY ( %01796-472095; www.edradour.co.uk; tour adult/child £7.50/2.50 ; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct; p c) This is proudly Scotland's smallest and most picturesque distillery, and it's one of the best to visit: you can see the whole process, easily explained, in one building. It's 2.5 miles east of Pitlochry by car, along the Moulin road, or a pleasant 1-mile walk. Explorers GardenGARDENS ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-484600; www.explorersgarden.com; Foss Rd; adult/child £4/1; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) This gem of a garden is based around plants brought to Scotland by 18th- and 19th-century Scottish botanists and explorers such as David Douglas (after whom the Douglas fir is named), and celebrates 300 years of collecting and the 'plant hunters' who tracked down these exotic species. 4Sleeping AshleighB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-470316; www.realbandbpitlochry.co.uk; 120 Atholl Rd; s/d £30/57; W) Genuine welcomes don't come much better than Nancy's, and her place on the main street makes a top Pitlochry pit stop. Two comfortable doubles share an excellent bathroom, and there's an open kitchen stocked with goodies where you make your own breakfast in the morning. A home away from home and a standout budget choice. Cash only; no kids. She also has a good self-catering apartment with great views, available by the night. Pitlochry Backpackers HotelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-470044; www.scotlands-top-hostels.com; 134 Atholl Rd; dm/tw/d £18/47/52; hApr–mid-Nov; p i W) Friendly, laid-back and very comfortable, this is a cracking hostel smack bang in the middle of town, with three- to eight-bed dorms that are in mint condition. There are also good-value en suite twins and doubles, with beds, not bunks. Cheap breakfast and a pool table add to the convivial party atmosphere. No extra charge for linen. Pitlochry SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-472308; www.syha.org.uk; Knockard Rd; dm/tw £17/45; hMar-Oct; p i W) Great location overlooking the town centre. Popular with families and walkers. oCraigatin HouseB&B ( %01796-472478; www.craigatinhouse.co.uk; 165 Atholl Rd; s £80, d standard/deluxe £90/100; p i W) Several times more tasteful than the average Pitlochry lodging, this elegant house and garden is set back from the main road. Chic contemporary fabrics covering expansive beds offer a standard of comfort above and beyond the reasonable price; the rooms in the converted stable block are particularly inviting. A fabulous breakfast and lounge area gives views over the lush garden. Breakfast choices include whisky-laced porridge, smoked-fish omelettes and apple pancakes. Kids not allowed. Tir AluinnB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-473811; www.tiraluinn.co.uk; 10 Higher Oakfield Rd; per person £35-37; p W) Tucked away above the main street, this is a little gem of a place with bright rooms and easy-on-the-eye furniture, and a warm personal welcome. Breakfasts are a pleasure too. 5Eating & Drinking oMoulin HotelPUB FOOD ( %01796-472196; www.moulinhotel.co.uk; Kirkmichael Rd; mains £8-12; p W c) A mile away from town but a world apart, this atmospheric inn was trading centuries before the tartan tack came to Pitlochry. With its low ceilings, ageing wood and booth seats, the Moulin is a wonderfully romantic spot for a house-brewed ale and a portion of Highland comfort food: try the mince and tatties, or venison stew. It's a pleasant uphill stroll from Pitlochry, and an easy roll down afterwards. Port-na-Craig InnBAR, BISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-472777; www.portnacraig.com; Port Na Craig; mains £13-22, 2-/3-course lunch £13/15; h11am-8.30pm ; p c) Across the river from the town centre, this cute little cottage sits in what was once a separate hamlet. Top-quality main meals are prepared with confidence and panache; there are also simpler sandwiches, kids' meals and light lunches. Or you could just sit outdoors by the river with a pint and watch the anglers. 3Entertainment oPitlochry Festival TheatreTHEATRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-484626; www.pitlochryfestivaltheatre.com; Port-na-Craig; tickets £26-35) Founded in 1951 (in a tent!), this famous and much-loved theatre is the focus of Highland Perthshire's cultural life. The summer season, from May to mid-October, stages a different play each night of the week except Sunday. 8Information Pitlochry Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01796-472215; www.perthshire.co.uk; 22 Atholl Rd; h9am-5pm Mar-Oct, Mon-Sat Nov-Feb) Good information on local walks. 8Getting There & Away Pitlochry is on the main railway line from Perth (£13.20, 30 minutes, nine daily Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday) to Inverness. Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) Buses run every two hours to Inverness (£16.60, 2¼ hours), Perth (£10.70, 40 minutes), Edinburgh (£16.60, two to 2½ hours) and Glasgow (£16.60, 2¼ hours). Megabus ( %0871 266 3333; www.megabus.com) Offers discounted fares to Inverness, Perth, Edinburgh and Glasgow. Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) Buses run to Aberfeldy (£2, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, three Sunday), Dunkeld (£2, 30 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday) and Perth (£3.40, 1¼ hours, hourly Monday to Saturday). ### Blair Castle One of the most popular tourist attractions in Scotland, magnificent Blair Castle ( %01796-481207; www.blair-castle.co.uk; adult/child/family £9.90/5.95/26.75; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun Nov-Mar; p c), and the 108 sq miles it sits on, is the seat of the Duke of Atholl, head of the Murray clan. It's an impressive white building set beneath forested slopes above the River Garry. Thirty rooms are open to the public and they present a wonderful picture of upper-class Highland life from the 16th century on. The original tower was built in 1269, but the castle has undergone significant remodelling since. The **dining room** is sumptuous – check out the 9-pint wine glasses – and the **ballroom** is a vaulted chamber that's a virtual stag cemetery. The current duke visits the castle every May to review the **Atholl Highlanders** , Britain's only private army. For a great walk, drive or cycle (it's strenuous!), take the steep, winding road to **Glenfender** and Loch Moraig from Blair Atholl. It's about 3 miles on a long, narrow uphill road to a farmhouse; the view of the peaks Beinn a'Ghlo at the top is spectacular. Blair Atholl is 6 miles northwest of Pitlochry, and the castle a further mile beyond it. Local buses run between Pitlochry and Blair Atholl (£2, 25 minutes, three to seven daily). Four buses a day (Monday to Saturday) go directly to the castle. There are trains from Perth (£13.20, 40 minutes, nine daily Monday to Saturday, five on Sunday). ### Lochs Tummel & Rannoch The scenic route along Lochs Tummel and Rannoch (www.rannochandtummel.co.uk) is worth doing any way you can – by foot, bicycle or car. Hillsides shrouded with ancient birchwoods and forests of spruce, pine and larch make up the fabulous **Tay Forest Park**. These wooded hills roll into the glittering waters of the lochs; a visit in autumn is recommended, when the birch leaves are at their finest. The Queen's View Visitor Centre (www.forestry.gov.uk; admission free, parking £2; hvisitor centre 10am-6pm late Mar–mid-Nov), at the eastern end of Loch Tummel, provides access to a magnificent viewpoint along the loch to the conical peak of **Schiehallion** (1083m). A new cafe and shop was under construction here at the time of research. Eighteen miles west, the road ends at romantic, isolated **Rannoch Station** , which is on the Glasgow–Fort William railway line. Beyond is desolate, intriguing **Rannoch Moor**. There's a tearoom on the platform, and a welcoming small hotel alongside. ### Loch Tay Loch Tay is the heart of the ancient region known as Breadalbane (from the Gaelic _Bràghad Albainn,_ 'the heights of Scotland') – mighty **Ben Lawers** (1214m), looming over the loch, is the highest peak outside the Ben Nevis and Cairngorms regions. Much of the land to the north of Loch Tay falls within the Ben Lawers National Nature Reserve (www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/ben-lawers), known for its rare alpine flora. The minor road along the south shore is narrow and twisiting (unsuitable for large vehicles), but offers great views of the hills to the north. Less than a mile south of Kenmore is the fascinating Scottish Crannog Centre ( %01887-830583; www.crannog.co.uk; tours adult/child £8/6; h10am-5.30pm Apr-Oct), perched on stilts above the loch. Crannogs – effectively artificial islands – were a favoured form of defensive dwelling from the 3rd millennium BC onwards. This superb re-creation (based on studies of Oakbank crannog, one of 18 discovered in Loch Tay) offers a guided tour that includes an impressive demonstration of fire making and Iron Age crafts. The picturesque village of **Kenmore** lies at Loch Tay's eastern end. Dominated by a striking archway leading to Taymouth Castle (not open to the public), it was built by the 3rd Earl of Breadalbane in 1760 to house his estate workers. The heart of the village, Kenmore Hotel ( %01887-830205; www.kenmorehotel.com; The Square; r from £89; p i W #) has a bar with a roaring fire and some verses scribbled on the chimney­piece by Robert Burns in 1787, when the inn was already a couple of centuries old. There's also a riverbank beer garden, great views from the restaurant and a wide range of accommodation. Culdees Bunkhouse ( %01887-830519; www.culdeesbunkhouse.co.uk; dm/tw/f £18/50/69; p i W #) is a wonderfully offbeat hostel with majestic vistas: the whole of the loch stretches out below you. It's a fine base for hill walking or for mucking in with the volunteers who help run the sustainable farm here. It's half a mile above the village of Fearnan, 4 miles west of Kenmore. ### Glen Lyon This remote and romantic glen stretches for 34 unforgettable miles of rickety stone bridges, Caledonian pine forest and heather-clad peaks. It becomes wilder and more uninhabited as it snakes its way west, and is proof that hidden treasures still exist. The ancients believed it to be a gateway to Faerieland, and even the most sceptical of visitors will be entranced by the valley's magic. From the pretty village of Fortingall, a narrow road winds up the glen, while another from Loch Tay crosses the hills to **Bridge of Balgie** , halfway along. The road continues as far as the dam on Loch Lyon, passing a memorial to Robert Campbell (1808–94; a Canadian explorer and fur trader, who was born in the glen). **Cycling** through Glen Lyon is a wonderful way to experience this special place. There are no villages in the valley – the majestic and lonely scenery is the main reason to be here – just a cluster of houses at Bridge of Balgie, where the Bridge of Balgie Tearoom ( %01887-866221; Bridge of Balgie; snacks £3-5; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) serves homemade cakes, sandwiches and soups to hungry walkers and cyclists. Milton Eonan ( %01887-866337; www.miltoneonan.com; Bridge of Balgie; per person £43; p W #) is a must for those seeking tranquillity in a glorious natural setting. On a bubbling stream where a watermill once stood, it's a working rare-breed croft with a romantic one-bedroom self-catering cottage (breakfast available) at the bottom of the garden. The lively owners offer packed lunches and evening meals (£20) using local and home-grown produce. It's signposted to the right a short distance beyond Bridge of Balgie, on the road towards Loch Tay. There is no public transport in the glen. ## Central Western Highlands This region extends from the bleak blanket-bog of the Moor of Rannoch to the west coast beyond Glen Coe and Fort William, and includes the southern reaches of the Great Glen. The scenery is grand throughout, with high and wild mountains dominating the glens. Great expanses of moor alternate with lochs and patches of commercial forest. Fort William, at the inner end of Loch Linnhe, is the only sizeable town in the area. Since 2007 the region has been promoted as Lochaber Geopark (www.lochabergeopark.org.uk), an area of outstanding geology and scenery. ### Glen Coe Scotland's most famous glen is also one of the grandest and, in bad weather, the grimmest. The southern side is dominated by three massive, brooding spurs, known as the **Three Sisters** , while the northern side is enclosed by the continuous steep wall of the knife-edged Aonach Eagach ridge. The main road threads its lonely way through the middle of all this mountain grandeur. Glencoe village was written into the history books in 1692 when the resident MacDonalds were murdered by Campbell soldiers in what became known as the Glencoe Massacre. 2Activities There are several short, pleasant walks around **Glencoe Lochan** , near the village. A more strenuous hike, but well worth the effort on a fine day, is the climb to the **Lost Valley** , a magical mountain sanctuary still haunted by the ghosts of the murdered MacDonalds (only 2.5 miles round trip, but allow three hours). A rough path from the car park at Allt na Reigh (on the A82, 6 miles east of Glencoe village) climbs up the wooded valley between Beinn Fhada and Gearr Aonach (the first and second of the Three Sisters) before emerging – quite unexpectedly – into a broad, open valley with an 800m-long meadow as flat as a football pitch. Glencoe Mountain ResortOUTDOORS ( %01855-851226; www.glencoemountain.com; Kingshouse; h9am-8.30pm) A few miles east of Glen Coe proper is the Glencoe Mountain Resort, where commercial skiing in Scotland first began back in 1956. The chairlift (adult/child £10/5; h9am-4.30pm Mon-Fri, 8.30am-4.30pm Sat & Sun) continues to operate in summer – there's a grand view over the Moor of Rannoch from the top – providing access to mountain-biking trails. The **Lodge Café-Bar** has comfy sofas where you can soak up the view through the floor-to-ceiling windows. In winter a lift pass costs £30 a day; equipment hire is £25. #### Glencoe Village Population 360 The little village of Glencoe stands on the south shore of Loch Leven at the western end of the glen, 16 miles south of Fort William. 1Sights Glencoe Folk MuseumMUSEUM ( %01855-811664; www.glencoemuseum.com; adult/child £3/free; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct) This small, thatched museum houses a varied collection of military memorabilia, farm equipment, and tools of the woodworking, blacksmithing and slate-quarrying trades. Glencoe Visitor CentreINTERPRETATION CENTRE (NTS; %01855-811307; www.glencoe-nts.org.uk; adult/child £6.25/5; h9.30am-5.30pm Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Thu-Sun Nov-Easter; p) S The centre provides comprehensive information on the geological, environmental and cultural history of Glencoe via high-tech interactive and audiovisual displays, charts the history of mountaineering in the glen, and tells the story of the Glencoe Massacre in all its gory detail. It's 1.5 miles east of Glencoe village. 4Sleeping & Eating Glencoe Independent HostelHOSTEL ( %01855-811906; www.glencoehostel.co.uk; dm £13-16.50, bunkhouse £12.50-14.50; p i W) This handily located hostel, just 1.5 miles southeast of Glencoe village, is set in an old farmhouse with six- and eight-bed dorms, and a bunkhouse with another 16 bed spaces in communal, alpine-style bunks. There's also a cute little wooden cabin that sleeps up to three (£19 to £25 per person). Clachaig InnHOTEL ( %01855-811252; www.clachaig.com; per person from £51; p W) The Clachaig has long been a favourite haunt of hill walkers and climbers. As well as comfortable en suite accommodation, there's a smart, wood-panelled lounge bar with lots of sofas and armchairs, mountaineering photos, and climbing magazines to leaf through. Climbers usually head for the lively **Boots Bar** on the other side of the hotel – it has log fires, serves real ale and good pub grub (mains £9 to £18), and has live Scottish music on Saturday nights. It's 2 miles southeast of Glencoe village. 8Getting There & Away Scottish Citylink buses run between Fort William and Glencoe (£7.80, 30 minutes, eight daily) and from Glencoe to Glasgow (£21, 2½ hours, eight daily). Buses stop at Glencoe village, Glencoe Visitor Centre and Glencoe Mountain Resort. Stagecoach bus 44 links Glencoe village with Fort William (£3.70, 35 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) and Kinlochleven (£2, 25 minutes). ### Kinlochleven Population 900 Kinlochleven is hemmed in by high mountains at the head of beautiful Loch Leven, about 7 miles east of Glencoe village. 2Activities The final section of the **West Highland Way** stretches for 14 miles from Kinlochleven to Fort William. The village is also the starting point for easier walks up the glen of the River Leven, through pleasant woods to the Grey Mare's Tail waterfall, and harder mountain hikes into the Mamores. Ice FactorADVENTURE SPORTS ( %01855-831100; www.ice-factor.co.uk; Leven Rd; h9am-10pm Tue & Thu, to 7pm Mon, Wed & Fri-Sun; c) If you fancy trying your hand at ice-climbing, even in the middle of summer, the world's biggest indoor ice-climbing wall offers a one-hour beginner's 'taster' session for £30. You'll also find a rock-climbing wall, an aerial adventure course, a sauna and steam room, and a cafe and bar-bistro. 4Sleeping & Eating Blackwater HostelHOSTEL, CAMPSITE ( %01855-831253; www.blackwaterhostel.co.uk; Lab Rd; dm/tw £16.50/40, tent sites per person £7, pods from £35; W) This 40-bed hostel has spotless dorms with en suite bathrooms and TV, and a level, well-sheltered camping ground with the option of wooden 'glamping' pods. oLochleven Seafood CafeSEAFOOD ( %01855-821048; www.lochlevenseafoodcafe.co.uk; mains £11-22, whole lobster £40; hnoon-3pm & 6-9pm Apr-Oct; p) This outstanding place serves superb shellfish freshly plucked from live tanks – oysters on the half shell, razor clams, scallops, lobster and crab – plus a daily fish special and some nonseafood dishes. For warm days, there's an outdoor terrace with a view across the loch to the Pap of Glencoe, a distinctive conical mountain. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach bus 44 runs from Fort William to Kinlochleven (£4.70, 50 minutes, hourly Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) via Ballachulish and Glencoe village. ### Fort William Population 9900 Basking on the shores of Loch Linnhe amid magnificent mountain scenery, Fort William has one of the most enviable settings in the whole of Scotland. If it wasn't for the busy dual carriageway crammed between the town centre and the loch, and one of the highest rainfall records in the country, it would be almost idyllic. Even so, the Fort has carved out a reputation as **Outdoor Capital of the UK** (www.outdoorcapital.co.uk), and easy access by rail and bus make it a good place to base yourself for exploring the surrounding mountains and glens. Magical **Glen Nevis** begins near the northern end of the town and wraps itself around the southern flanks of **Ben Nevis** (1344m) – Britain's highest mountain and a magnet for hikers and climbers. 1Sights Jacobite Steam TrainHERITAGE RAILWAY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %0844 850 4685; www.westcoastrailways.co.uk; day return adult/child £34/19; hdaily Jul & Aug, Mon-Fri mid-May–Jun & Sep-Oct) The Jacobite Steam Train, hauled by a former LNER K1 or LMS Class 5MT locomotive, travels the scenic two-hour run between Fort William and Mallaig. Classed as one of the great railway journeys of the world, the route crosses the historic Glenfinnan Viaduct, made famous in the Harry Potter films – the Jacobite's owners supplied the steam locomotive and rolling stock used in the film. West Highland MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-702169; www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk; Cameron Sq; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, to 4pm Mar & Nov-Dec, closed Jan & Feb) F This small but fascinating museum is packed with all manner of Highland memorabilia. Look out for the secret portrait of Bonnie Prince Charlie – after the Jacobite rebellions all things Highland were banned, including pictures of the exiled leader, and this tiny painting looks like nothing more than a smear of paint until viewed in a cylindrical mirror, which reflects a credible likeness of the prince. TTours Crannog CruisesCRUISE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-700714; www.crannog.net/cruises; adult/child £14/7; h4 daily) Operates 1½-hour wildlife cruises on Loch Linnhe, visiting a seal colony and a salmon farm. zFestivals & Events UCI Mountain Bike World CupMOUNTAIN BIKING (www.fortwilliamworldcup.co.uk) In June, Fort William pulls in crowds of more than 18,000 spectators for this World Cup downhill mountain-biking event. The gruelling downhill course is at nearby Nevis Range ski area. 4Sleeping It's best to book well ahead in summer, especially for hostels. CallunaAPARTMENT ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-700451; www.fortwilliamholiday.co.uk; Heathercroft, Connochie Rd; dm/tw £16/36, 6- to 8-person apt per week £550; p W) Run by well-known mountain guide Alan Kimber and wife Sue, the Calluna offers self-catering apartments geared to groups of hikers and climbers, but also takes individual travellers prepared to share; there's a fully equipped kitchen and an excellent drying room for your soggy hiking gear. Bank Street LodgeHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-700070; www.bankstreetlodge.co.uk; Bank St; dm/tw from £17/55; p) Part of a modern hotel and restaurant complex, the Bank Street Lodge offers the most central budget beds in town, only 250m from the train station. It has kitchen facilities and a drying room. Fort William BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-700711; www.scotlands-top-hostels.com; Alma Rd; dm/tw £18/47; p i W) A 10-minute walk from the bus and train stations, this lively and welcoming hostel is set in a grand Victorian villa, perched on a hillside with great views over Loch Linnhe. oGrangeB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-705516; www.grangefortwilliam.com; Grange Rd; r per person £65-70; p W) An exceptional 19th-century villa set in its own landscaped grounds, the Grange is crammed with antiques and fitted with log fires, chaise longues and Victorian roll-top baths. The Turret Room, with its window seat in the turret overlooking Loch Linnhe, is our favourite. It's 500m southwest of the town centre. No children. Lime TreeHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-701806; www.limetreefortwilliam.co.uk; Achintore Rd; s/d from £100/110; p) Much more interesting than your average guesthouse, this former Victorian manse overlooking Loch Linnhe is an 'art gallery with rooms', decorated throughout with the artist-owner's atmospheric Highland landscapes. Foodies rave about the restaurant, and the gallery space – a triumph of sensitive design – stages everything from serious exhibitions (works by David Hockney and Andy Goldsworthy have appeared) to folk concerts. St Andrew's Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-703038; www.standrewsguesthouse.co.uk; Fassifern Rd; s/d £55/68; p W) Set in a lovely 19th-century building that was once a rectory and choir school, St Andrew's retains period features, such as carved masonry, wood panelling and stained-glass windows. It has six spacious bedrooms; those at the front have stunning views. CrolinnheB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-703795; www.crolinnhe.co.uk; Grange Rd; r £130-140; hEaster-Oct; p) This grand 19th-century villa enjoys a lochside location, beautiful gardens and sumptuous accommodation – a welcome dose of luxury at the end of the West Highland Way. Breakfast porridge comes with cream and a wee jug of whisky! 5Eating & Drinking Sugar and SpiceCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-705005; 147 High St; mains £8-11; h11am-4pm Mon-Wed, 11am-9pm Thu-Sat; W c) Enjoy what is probably the best coffee in town at this colourful cafe, just a few paces from the official finishing line of the West Highland Way. In the evening (Thursday to Saturday only) it serves authentic Thai dishes (BYOB). Crannog Seafood RestaurantSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-705589; www.crannog.net; Town Pier; mains £15-20, 2-course lunches £15; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm) S The Crannog wins the prize for best location in town – perched on the Town Pier, giving window-table diners an uninterrupted view down Loch Linnhe. Informal and unfussy, it specialises in fresh local fish – there are three or four daily fish specials plus the main menu – though there are lamb, venison and vegetarian dishes, too. oLime TreeSCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-701806; www.limetreefortwilliam.co.uk; Achintore Rd; mains £14-23; h6.30-9.30pm; p) S Fort William is not over-endowed with great places to eat, but the restaurant at this small hotel and art gallery has put the UK's Outdoor Capital on the gastronomic map. The chef turns out delicious dishes built around fresh Scottish produce, ranging from partan bree (crab soup) to roast cod to venison sausage. Grog & GruelPUB ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-705078; www.grogandgruel.co.uk; 66 High St; hbar meals noon-9pm) The Grog & Gruel is a traditional-style, wood-panelled pub with an excellent range of cask ales from regional Scottish and English microbreweries. 8Information Fort William Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-703781; www.visithighlands.com; 15 High St; internet per 20min £1; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun Apr-Sep, limited hr Oct-Mar) Internet access. 8Getting There & Away Both bus and train station are next to the huge Morrisons supermarket, reached from the town centre via an underpass next to the Nevisport shop. Bus Scottish Citylink buses link Fort William with other major towns and cities. A **Edinburgh** £34, 4½ hours, one daily direct, seven with a change at Glasgow; via Glencoe and Crianlarich A **Glasgow** £23, three hours, eight daily A **Inverness** £11.20, two hours, six daily A **Oban** £9.40, 1½ hours, three daily A **Portree** £30, three hours, three daily Shiel Buses ( %01397-700700; www.shielbuses.co.uk) service 500 runs to Mallaig (£6.10, 1½ hours, three daily Monday to Friday only) via Glenfinnan (30 minutes) and Arisaig (one hour). Train The spectacular West Highland line runs from Glasgow to Mallaig via Fort William. The overnight **Caledonian Sleeper** (www.scotrail.co.uk/sleeper) service connects Fort William and London Euston (from £113 sharing a twin-berth cabin, 13 hours). There's no direct rail connection between Oban and Fort William – you have to change at Crianlarich, so it's faster to use the bus. A **Edinburgh** £42, five hours; change at Glasgow's Queen St station A **Glasgow** £28, 3¾ hours, three daily, two on Sunday A **Mallaig** £11.80, 1½ hours, four daily, three on Sunday 8Getting Around Bike Alpine BikesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01397-704008; www.lochaberbikehire.com; 117 High St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat, 10am-5.30pm Sun) Mountain-bike rental from £20 a day; bikes can be hired here and dropped off in Inverness. Also hires out full-suspension downhill bikes and body armour for use on Nevis Range trails. Bus The Fort Dayrider ticket (£3.20) gives unlimited travel for one day on Stagecoach bus services in the Fort William area. Buy from the bus driver. ### Around Fort William #### Glen Nevis You can walk the 3 miles from Fort William to scenic Glen Nevis in about an hour or so. The Glen Nevis Visitor Centre ( %01397-705922; www.bennevisweather.co.uk; h9am-5pm Apr-Jun & Sep-Oct, 8.30am-6pm Jul-Aug, 9am-3pm Nov-Mar) is situated 1.5 miles up the glen, and provides information on walking, weather forecasts, and specific advice on climbing Ben Nevis. From the car park at the far end of the road along Glen Nevis, there is an excellent 1.5-mile walk through the spectacular Nevis Gorge to **Steall Meadows** , a verdant valley dominated by a 100m-high bridal-veil waterfall. You can reach the foot of the falls by crossing the river on a wobbly, three-cable wire bridge – one cable for your feet and one for each hand – a real test of balance! ### CLIMBING BEN NEVIS As the highest peak in the British Isles, Ben Nevis (1344m) attracts many would-be ascensionists who would not normally think of climbing a Scottish mountain – a staggering (often literally) 100,000 people reach the summit each year. Although anyone who is reasonably fit should have no problem hiking to the summit of Ben Nevis on a fine summer's day, an ascent should not be undertaken lightly. Every year people have to be rescued from the mountain. You will need proper walking boots (the path is rough and stony, and there may be soft, wet snowfields on the summit), warm clothing, waterproofs, a map and compass, and plenty of food and water. And don't forget to check the weather forecast (see www.bennevisweather.co.uk). In thick cloud, visibility at the summit can be 10m or less; and in such conditions the only safe way off the mountain requires careful use of a map and compass to avoid walking over 700m cliffs. There are three possible starting points for the tourist track (the walkers' route) ascent: Achintee Farm; the footbridge at Glen Nevis Youth Hostel; and the car park at Glen Nevis Visitor Centre. The path climbs gradually to the shoulder at Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe (known as the Halfway Lochan), then zigzags steeply up beside the Red Burn to the summit plateau. The total distance to the summit and back is 8 miles; allow at least four or five hours to reach the top, and another 2½ to three hours for the descent. Afterwards, as you celebrate in the pub with a pint, consider the fact that the record time for the annual Ben Nevis Hill Race is just under 1½ hours – up _and_ down. Then have another pint. 4Sleeping & Eating oBen Nevis InnHOSTEL ( %01397-701227; www.ben-nevis-inn.co.uk; Achintee; dm £15.50; hnoon-11pm daily Apr-Oct, Thu-Sun only Nov-Mar; p) This great barn of a pub serves real ale and tasty bar meals (mains £9 to £15, food served noon to 9pm), and has a comfy 24-bed bunkhouse downstairs. It's at the start of the path from Achintee up Ben Nevis, and only a mile from the end of the West Highland Way. Achintee FarmB&B, HOSTEL ( %01397-702240; www.achinteefarm.com; Achintee; B&B per person £39-45, hostel £21; p W) This attractive farmhouse offers excellent B&B accommodation and also has a small hostel attached. It's at the start of the path up Ben Nevis. Glen Nevis Caravan & Camping ParkCAMPSITE ( %01397-702191; www.glen-nevis.co.uk; tent sites £7.20, incl car £11, campervan £12.10, plus per person £3.50; hmid-Mar–Oct; W) This big, well-equipped site is a popular base camp for Ben Nevis and the surrounding mountains. The site is 2.5 miles from Fort William, along the Glen Nevis road. 8Getting There & Away Bus 41 runs from Fort William bus station to the Glen Nevis SYHA (£2, 15 minutes, two daily year round, five daily Monday to Saturday June to September). Check at the tourist office for the latest timetable, which is subject to alteration. #### Nevis Range 2Activities Nevis RangeOUTDOORS ( %01397-705825; www.nevisrange.co.uk; gondola return trip per adult/child £11.50/6.75; h10am-5pm summer, 9.30am-dusk winter, closed mid-Nov–mid-Dec) The Nevis Range ski area, 6 miles north of Fort William, spreads across the northern slopes of Aonach Mor (1221m). The gondola that gives access to the bottom of the ski area at 655m operates year-round (15 minutes each way). At the top there's a restaurant and a couple of hiking trails through nearby Leanachan Forest, as well as excellent mountain-biking trails. Nevis Range Downhill & Witch's TrailsMOUNTAIN BIKING ( %01397-705825; bike.nevisrange.co.uk; multitrip ticket £31, single £13; h10.15am-3.45pm mid-May–mid-Sep) A world championship downhill mountain-bike trail – for experienced riders only – runs from the Snowgoose restaurant at the Nevis Range ski area to the base station; bikes are carried up on a rack on the gondola cabin. A multitrip ticket gives unlimited uplift for a day; full-suspension bike hire costs from £40/70 per single run/full day. ### Road to the Isles The 46-mile A830 from Fort William to Mallaig is traditionally known as the Road to the Isles, as it leads to the jumping-off point for ferries to the Small Isles and Skye, itself a stepping stone to the Outer Hebrides. #### Glenfinnan Population 100 Glenfinnan is hallowed ground for fans of Bonnie Prince Charlie; the monument here marks where he raised his Highland army. It is also a place of pilgrimage for steam train enthusiasts and Harry Potter fans – the famous railway viaduct features in the films, and is regularly traversed by the Jacobite Steam Train. By the monument, the Glenfinnan Visitor Centre recounts the story of the '45, as the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 is known, when the prince's loyal clansmen marched and fought from Glenfinnan south to Derby, then back north to final defeat at Culloden. A delightful old coaching inn from 1658, the Prince's House is a great place to pamper yourself – ask for the spacious, tartan-clad Stuart Room (£190), complete with four-poster bed, if you want to stay in the oldest part of the hotel. The relaxed but well-regarded restaurant specialises in Scottish produce (four-course dinners £43.50). #### Arisaig & Morar The 5 miles of coast between Arisaig and Morar is a fretwork of rocky islets, inlets and gorgeous silver-sand beaches backed by dunes and machair, with stunning sunset views across the sea to the silhouetted peaks of Eigg and Rum. The **Silver Sands of Morar** , as they are known, draw crowds of bucket-and-spade holidaymakers in July and August, when the many camping grounds scattered along the coast are filled to overflowing. Built as a hunting lodge in 1840, Garramore House ( %01687-450268; r per person £25-35; p #) served as an HQ for the Special Operations Executive (SOE, forerunner of MI6) during WWII. Today it's a wonderfully atmospheric, old-fashoned guesthouse set in lovely woodland gardens with resident peacocks and great views to the Small Isles and Skye. Garramore is signposted off the coastal road, 4 miles north of Arisaig village. #### Mallaig Population 800 If you're travelling between Fort William and Skye, you may find yourself overnighting in the bustling fishing and ferry port of Mallaig ( _mahl_ -ig). Indeed, it makes a good base for a series of day trips by ferry to the Small Isles and Knoydart. 4Sleeping & Eating Seaview Guest HouseB&B ( %01687-462059; www.seaviewguesthousemallaig.com; Main St; r per person £30-38, cottages per week £400-£495; hMar–mid-Nov; p) This comfortable five-bedroom B&B has grand views over the harbour, not only from the upstairs bedrooms but also from the breakfast room. There's also a cute little cottage next door that offers self-catering accommodation (www.selfcateringmallaig.com; one double and one twin room). Fish Market RestaurantSEAFOOD ( %01687-462299; Station Rd; mains £10-21) S At least half-a-dozen signs in Mallaig advertise 'seafood restaurant', but this bright, modern, bistro-style place next to the harbour is our favourite, serving simply prepared scallops, smoked salmon, mussels, and fresh Mallaig haddock fried in breadcrumbs, as well as the tastiest Cullen skink on the west coast. Upstairs is a coffee shop (mains £6-7; h11am-5pm) that serves delicious hot roast-beef rolls with horseradish sauce, and scones with clotted cream and jam. 8Getting There & Away Boat Ferries run from Mallaig to Skye and South Uist among other places. See the relevant sections for details. Bus Shiel Buses ( %01397-700700; www.shielbuses.co.uk) bus 500 runs from Fort William to Mallaig (£6.10, 1½ hours, three daily Monday to Friday, one on Saturday) via Glenfinnan (30 minutes) and Arisaig (one hour). Train The West Highland line runs between Fort William and Mallaig (£11.10, 1½ hours) four times a day (three on Sunday). ## Northeast Coast The east coast landscapes of the old counties of Ross and Sutherland unfold real wilderness and Highland character. While the interior is dominated by mournful moor landscapes, along the coast great heather-covered hills heave themselves out of the wild North Sea. Rolling farmland drops suddenly into icy waters, and small, historic towns are moored precariously alongside. ### Tain Population 3700 Scotland's oldest royal burgh, Tain is a proud sandstone town that rose to prominence as pilgrims descended to venerate the relics of St Duthac, who is commemorated by the 12th-century ruins of **St Duthac's Chapel** , and St Duthus Church. 1Sights Tain Through TimeMUSEUM ( %01862-894089; www.tainmuseum.org.uk; Tower St; adult/child £3.50/2.50; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri Apr-Oct, also Sat Jun-Aug) Set in the grounds of **St Duthus Church** is Tain Through Time, an entertaining heritage centre with a colourful and educational display on St Duthac, King James IV and key moments in Scottish history. Another building focuses on the town's fine silversmithing tradition. Admission includes an audioguided walk around town. GlenmorangieDISTILLERY (www.glenmorangie.com; tours £5; h10am-5pm Mon-Fri, plus 10am-4pm Sat & noon-4pm Sun Jun-Aug) Located on Tain's northern outskirts, Glenmorangie (emphasis on the second syllable) produces a fine lightish malt, subjected to a number of different cask finishes for variation. The tour is less in-depth than some, but finishes with a free dram. A special tour is £30. 4Sleeping & Eating Golf View HouseB&B ( %01862-892856; www.bedandbreakfasttain.co.uk; 13 Knockbreck Rd; s/d £60/85; p W) Set in an old manse in a secluded location just off the main drag, this spot offers magnificent views over fields and water. Impeccable rooms are very cheerful and bright, and there's an upbeat feel, with delicious breakfasts and welcoming hospitality. It's worth the extra for a room with a view. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) buses run from Inverness (£9.70, 50 minutes, roughly hourly); some continue north as far as Thurso. Trains run daily to Inverness (£13.50, 1¼ hours) and Thurso (£16.50, 2¾ hours). ### Portmahomack Portmahomack is a former fishing village in a flawless spot – off the beaten track, gazing across the water at sometimes snowcapped peaks. Intriguing Tarbat Discovery Centre ( %01862-871351; www.tarbat-discovery.co.uk; Tarbatness Rd; adult/child £3.50/1; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat May-Sep, 2-5pm Mon-Sat Apr & Oct, plus 2-5pm Sun Jun-Oct) has great carved Pictish stones. The foundations of an Iron Age settlement were discovered around the village church; ongoing investigation revealed a Pictish monastery with evidence of manuscript production. The exhibition is excellent and includes the church's spooky crypt. Seafood aficionados shouldn't miss bright and cheerful Oystercatcher Restaurant ( %01862-871560; www.the-oystercatcher.co.uk; Main St; lunch mains £8-14, dinner mains £15-20; h12.15-2.45pm Thu-Sun, plus 6.30-8.30pm Wed-Sat Mar-Oct; p W c). A lunchtime bistro menu lets you choose your serving size, and a classy brasserie evening menu includes lots of lobster among other temptations. Fourteen-course tasting menus (£60) are a delight, with invention and quality given levity by the whimsical dish names. It also offers three cosy rooms (singles/doubles £52/108). Rates include what has to be Scotland's most amazing breakfast, with numerous gourmet options. Stagecoach (www.stagecoachbus.com) runs from Tain to Portmahomack (£1.95, 25 minutes, four to five Monday to Friday). ### Dornoch Population 1200 On the north shore of Dornoch Firth, two miles off the A9, this attractive old market town is one of the east coast's most pleasant settlements. Dornoch is best known for its championship **golf course** , but there's a fine cathedral among other noble buildings. Other historical oddities: the last witch to be executed in Scotland was boiled alive in hot tar here in 1722 and Madonna married Guy Ritchie here in 2000. 1Sights & Activities Have a walk along Dornoch's golden-sand **beach** , which stretches for miles. South of Dornoch, **seals** are often visible on the sandbars of Dornoch Firth. Dornoch CathedralCHURCH (www.dornoch-cathedral.com; St Gilbert St; h9am-7pm or later) F Consecrated in the 13th century, Dornoch Cathedral is an elegant Gothic edifice with an interior softly illuminated through modern stained-glass windows. The controversional first Duke of Sutherland, whose wife restored the church in the 1830s – lies in a sealed burial vault beneath the chancel. Royal DornochGOLF ( %01862-810219; www.royaldornoch.com; Golf Rd, Dornoch; summer green fee £120) One of Scotland's most famous links, described by Tom Watson as 'the most fun I have ever had on a golf course'. It's public, and you can book a slot online. Twilight rates are the most economical. A golf pass (www.dornochfirthgolf.co.uk) lets you play several courses in the area at a good discount. 4Sleeping & Eating oDornoch Castle HotelHOTEL ( %01862-810216; www.dornochcastlehotel.com; Castle St; s/d £73/125, superior/deluxe d £169/250; p W) This 16th-century former bishop's palace makes a wonderful place to stay, particularly if you upgrade to one of the superior rooms, which have views, space, whisky and chocolates on the welcome trays and (in some) a four-poster bed; the deluxe rooms are unforgettable. Cheaper rooms (singles/doubles £50/65), simpler, without the historic atmosphere, are also available in adjoining buildings. 8Information Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01862-810594; Castle St; h9am-12.30pm & 1.30-4pm Mon-Fri, plus10am-4pm Sat May-Aug & 10am-4pm Sun Jul & Aug) In the council building alongside Dornoch Castle Hotel. 8Getting There & Away There are buses roughly hourly from Inverness (£10.20, 1¼ hours), with some services continuing north to Wick or Thurso. ### Dunrobin Castle Magnificent Dunrobin Castle ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01408-633177; www.dunrobincastle.co.uk; adult/child £10.50/5.75; h10.30am-4.30pm Mon-Sat & noon-4.30pm Sun Apr, May & Sep–mid-Oct, 10am-5pm daliy Jun & Aug), a mile past Golspie, is the Highlands' largest house. Although it dates to 1275, most of what you see was built in French style between 1845 and 1850. A home of the dukes of Sutherland, it's richly furnished and offers an intriguing insight into the aristocratic lifestyle. The beautiful castle inspires mixed feelings locally; it was once the seat of the first Duke of Sutherland, notorious for some of the cruellest episodes of the Highland Clearances. This classic fairy-tale castle is adorned with towers and turrets, but only 22 of its 187 rooms are on display, with hunting trophies much to the fore. Beautiful formal gardens, where impressive falconry displays take place two or three times a day, extend down to the sea. In the gardens is a museum with an eclectic mix of archaeological finds, natural-history exhibits, more un-PC animal remains and an excellent collection of Pictish stones. Both trains (£18.20, 2¼ hours, two or three daily) and buses (£11.60, 1½ hours) between Inverness and Wick/Thurso stop in Golspie, a mile south, and at Dunrobin Castle. ### Helmsdale Population 700 Surrounded by breathtaking coastline and gorse-covered hills that explode mad-yellow in spring, this sheltered fishing town, like many on this coast, was a major emigration point during the Clearances and a booming herring port. Timespan Heritage Centre ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.timespan.org.uk; Dunrobin St; adult/child £4/2; h10am-5pm Easter-Oct, 10am-3pm Sat & Sun & 2-4pm Tue Nov-Easter) has an impressive display covering local history (including the 1869 gold rush) and Barbara Cartland, queen of romance novels, who was a Helmsdale regular. There are also local art exhibitions, a geology garden and a cafe. 4Sleeping & Eating Helmsdale HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %07971-516287, 01431-821636; www.helmsdalehostel.co.uk; Stafford St; dm/tw/f £19/45/60; hApr-Sep; W #) This caringly run hostel is in very good nick, well-equipped and spotlessly clean; it makes a cheerful, comfortable budget base for exploring Caithness. Dorms have mostly cosy single beds rather than bunks, and en suite rooms are great for families. The lofty central space has a lounge with wood stove and good kitchen. La MirageBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01431-821615; www.lamirage.org; 7 Dunrobin St; mains £7-12; h11am-8.45pm Mon-Sat, noon-8.45pm Sun; W) Created in homage to Barbara Cartland, this is a 1970s throwback with pink walls, kitschy installations and a retro menu. Meals aren't gourmet – think chicken Kiev – but portions are huge. Fish and chips are also available takeaway; eat 'em by the pretty harbour. 8Getting There & Away Buses from Inverness (£11.60, 1¾ hours) and Thurso stop in Helmsdale, as do trains (from Inverness £18.20, 2½ hours, two to three daily). ## Caithness Once you pass Helmsdale, you are entering Caithness, a place of jagged gorse-and-grass-topped cliffs hiding tiny fishing harbours. Scotland's top corner was once Viking territory, historically more connected to Orkney and Shetland than the rest of the mainland. It's a mystical, ancient land peopled by wise folk with long memories who are fiercely proud of their Norse heritage. ### Lybster & Around **Lybster** is a purpose-built fishing village dating from 1810, with a stunning harbour area surrounded by grassy cliffs. In its heyday, it was Scotland's third busiest port. There are several interesting prehistoric sites nearby. 1Sights & Activities Achavanich Stone SettingPREHISTORIC SITE Six miles to the northwest of Lybster and a mile off the A9, these 30 standing stones date from around 2000 BC. These crumbling monuments of the distant past still capture the imagination with their desolate location. Nearby are the remains of a burial cairn, another millennium older. Grey Cairns of CamsterPREHISTORIC SITE Dating from between 4000 BC and 2500 BC, these burial chambers are hidden in long, low mounds rising from an evocatively lonely moor. The **Long Cairn** measures 60m by 21m. You can enter the main chamber, but must first crawl into the well-preserved **Round Cairn** , which has a corbelled ceiling. From a turn-off a mile east of Lybster on the A99, the cairns are 4 miles north. You can continue a further 7 miles to approach Wick on the A882. Hill o'Many StanesPREHISTORIC SITE Two miles beyond the Camster turn-off on the A99 is a curious, fan-shaped arrangement of 22 rows of small stones, probably from around 2000 BC. Staggeringly, there were 600 in the original pattern. On a sunny day, the views from this hill are stunning. ### Wick Population 7200 More gritty than pretty, Wick has been down on its luck since the collapse of the herring industry. It was once the world's largest fishing port for the 'silver darlings', but when the market dropped off after WWII, job losses were huge and the town hasn't totally recovered. It's worth a visit though, particularly for its excellent museum and attractive, spruced-up harbour area. 1Sights & Activities oWick Heritage CentreMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01955-605393; www.wickheritage.org; 20 Bank Row; adult/child £4/50p; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct, last entry 3.45pm) Tracking the rise and fall of the herring industry, this great town museum displays everything from fishing equipment to complete herring boats. It's absolutely huge inside, and is crammed with memorabilia and extensive displays describing Wick's heyday in the mid-19th century. The Johnston collection is the star exhibit. From 1863 to 1977, three generations photographed everything that happened around Wick; the 70,000 photographs are an amazing record. 4Sleeping & Eating Mackays HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01955-602323; www.mackayshotel.co.uk; Union St; s/d £89/119; W) Hospitable Mackays is Wick's best hotel by a long stretch. Attractive, mostly refurbished rooms vary in layout and size, so ask to see a few; prices are usually lower than these rack rates. On-site No 1 Bistro (Union St; mains £11-17; hnoon-2pm & 5-9pm; W) is a fine option for lunch or dinner. The world's shortest street, 2.06m-long Ebenezer Place, is one side of the hotel. Bord de l'EauFRENCH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01955-604400; 2 Market St; mains £14-19; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-9pm Tue-Sat, 6-9pm Sun) This serene, relaxed French restaurant is Wick's best place to eat. It overlooks the river and serves a changing menu of mostly meat-and-game French classics, backed up by daily fish specials. Starters are great value, and mains include a huge assortment of vegetables, so you won't go hungry. The conservatory dining room with water views is lovely on a sunny evening. 8Information Wick Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01955-602547; www.visithighlands.com; 66 High St; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) Good selection of information; upstairs in McAllans Clothing Store. 8Getting There & Away Wick is a Caithness transport gateway. Flybe/Loganair ( %0871 700 2000; www.flybe.com) flies from Edinburgh; Eastern Airways ( %0870 366 9100; www.easternairways.com) from Aberdeen. Stagecoach and Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) operate to/from Inverness (£19, three hours, six daily) and Stagecoach to Thurso (£3.30, 35 minutes, hourly). There's also connecting service to John O'Groats and Gills Bay (£3.30, 40 minutes, two to three daily) for the passenger and car ferries to Orkney. Trains service Wick from Inverness (£19.30, 4¼ hours, four daily). ### John O'Groats Population 300 Though not the northernmost point of the British mainland (that's Dunnet Head), John O'Groats still serves as the end point of the 874-mile trek from Land's End in Cornwall, a popular if arduous route for cyclists and walkers, many of whom raise money for charitable causes. There's a passenger ferry from here to Orkney. Most of the settlement is taken up by a stylish modern self-catering complex, which has given a dose of new life to the once-tawdry locale. 1Sights & Activities Ninety-minute wildlife cruises to the island of Stroma or Duncansby Head cost £18 (late June to August). Duncansby HeadLOOKOUT Two miles east, Duncansby Head has a small lighthouse and 60m-high cliffs sheltering nesting fulmars. A 15-minute walk through a sheep paddock yields spectacular views of the sea-surrounded monoliths known as **Duncansby Stacks**. 4Sleeping & Eating Natural RetreatsSELF-CATERING ( %0844 384-3166; www.naturalretreats.com; apt £125-250; p W #) Nearly all of John O'Groats is now taken up by this company, which has erected a series of modern wooden holiday chalets offering spectacular views, and transformed the old hotel – with the addition of some eyecatchingly colourful giant Scandi-modern 'fish warehouses' – into self-catering apartments. All are stylish and well-equipped. Minimum two-night stay. StorehouseCAFE (www.naturalretreats.com; light meals £5-10; h8am-5pm; W) The best of the eating options, this modern cafe does pizzas, panini, sandwiches on tasty thick-cut bread, and deli platters with Arran cheeses and local smoked salmon. 8Getting There & Away Stagecoach runs between John O'Groats and Wick (£3.30, 40 minutes, two to three daily) or Thurso (£4, 40 minutes, regular Monday to Saturday). From May to September, a passenger ferry shuttles across to Burwick in Orkney. Three miles west, a car ferry runs from Gills Bay to St Margaret's Hope in Orkney. ### Mey The Castle of Mey (www.castleofmey.org.uk; adult/child £11/6.50; h10.20am-5pm May-Sep, last admission 4pm), a big crowd-puller for its Queen Mother connections, is 6 miles west of John O'Groats. The exterior is grand, but inside it feels domestic and everything is imbued with the Queen Mum's character. The highlight is the genteel guided tour, with various anecdotes recounted by staff who once worked for her. In the grounds there's a farm zoo, an unusual walled garden that's worth a stroll, and lovely views over the Pentland Firth. The castle normally closes for a couple of weeks at the end of July for royal visits. Just off the main road nearby, Mey House ( %01847-851852; www.meyhouse.co.uk; East Mey; r £100-120; hEaster-Oct; p W) is beautifully situated among green fields running down to the water with majestic views of Orkney and Dunnet Head. This modern top-drawer sleep is a welcoming, sumptuous place to stay. They've thought it all through: huge, luxurious rooms have arty designer decor, excellent custom-made beds, Nespresso machines, big flatscreens, sound bar and stunning modern bathrooms with shower and tub. There's fast satellite wi-fi and transfers: free for nearby ferries and inexpensive for Wick or Thurso. No toddlers are allowed, as there's an interior balcony. ### Dunnet Head Eight miles east of Thurso a minor road leads to dramatic Dunnet Head, the **most northerly point on the British mainland**. There are majestic cliffs dropping into the turbulent Pentland Firth, inspiring views of Orkney, basking seals and nesting seabirds below, and a lighthouse built by Robert Louis Stevenson's grandad. Just west, **Dunnet Bay** offers one of Scotland's finest beaches, backed by high dunes. ### Thurso & Scrabster Population 7900 Britain's most northerly mainland town, Thurso makes a handy overnight stop if you're heading west or across to Orkney. There's a pretty town beach, riverbank strolls and a good museum. Ferries for Orkney leave from Scrabster, 2.5 miles away. 1Sights Caithness HorizonsMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.caithnesshorizons.co.uk; High St; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, also 11am-4pm Sun Apr-Sep) F This museum brings Caithness history and lore to life through excellent displays. Fine Pictish cross-slabs greet the visitor downstairs; the main exhibition is a wide-ranging look at local history using plenty of audiovisuals – check out the wistful account of the now-abandoned island of Stroma. There's also a gallery space, an exhibition on the Dounreay nuclear reactor, tourist information and a cafe. 4Sleeping Sandra's HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01847-894575; www.sandras-backpackers.co.uk; 24 Princes St; dm/d/f £16/38/60; p i W) In the heart of town above a chip shop, this budget backpacker option offers en suite dorms, mostly four-berthers with elderly mattresses, a spacious kitchen and traveller-friendly facilities such as internet and help-yourself cereals and toast. It's not luxurious but it's a reliable cheap sleep. oPennyland HouseB&B ( %01847-891194; www.pennylandhouse.co.uk; s/d/tr £60/80/90; p W #) A super conversion of an historic house, this is a standout B&B choice. It offers phenomenal value for this level of accommodation, with huge oak-furnished rooms named after golf courses: we especially loved St Andrews – super-spacious, with a great chessboard-tiled bathroom. Hospitality is enthusiastic and helpful, and there's an inviting breakfast space, garden and terraced area with views across to Hoy. Two-night minimum stay in summer. MarineB&B ( %01847-890676; www.themarinethurso.co.uk; 38 Shore St, Thurso; s £75, d £90-99; p W) Tucked away in Thurso's most appealing corner you'll find a top spot right by the pretty town beach, offering spectacular vistas over it and across to Orkney. Surfers can study the breakers from the stunning conservatory-lounge, and rooms are just fabulous, with a designer's touch and a subtle maritime feel. Two rooms in the adjacent house make a great family option. 5Eating Holborn HotelBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01847-892771; www.holbornhotel.co.uk; 16 Princes St; bar meals £8-11, restaurant mains £13-20; hnoon-2pm & 6-8pm or 9pm; W) A trendy, comfortable place decked out in light wood, the Holborn contrasts starkly with more traditional Thurso watering holes. In the bar, uncomplicated but decent meals are available, while quality seafood – including delicious home-smoked salmon – is the mainstay of a short but solid menu fleshed out by specials at **Red Pepper restaurant** , where desserts are excellent too. Service can be slow when busy. oCaptain's GalleySEAFOOD ( %01847-894999; www.captainsgalley.co.uk; Scrabster; 5-course dinner £49; h7-9pm Tue-Sat) S By the Scrabster ferry, this is classy but friendly, offering a short, seafood-based menu featuring local and sustainably-sourced produce prepared in relatively simple ways, letting natural flavours shine through. The chef picks the best fish off the local boats, and the menu describes exactly which fishing grounds your morsel came from. Cheaper, quality fish & chips are also available to take away from 4.30pm until 6.30pm. 8Information Thurso Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01847-893155; www.visithighlands.com; High St; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat, plus 11am-4pm Sun Apr-Sep) In the Caithness Horizons museum. 8Getting There & Around It's a 2-mile walk from Thurso train station to the ferry at Scrabster; there are buses from Olrig St. Bus From Inverness, Stagecoach/Citylink run to Thurso/Scrabster (£19, three hours, five daily). There are buses roughly hourly to Wick, as well as every couple of hours to John O'Groats (£4, 40 minutes, Monday to Saturday). There's one bus on Tuesday and Friday westwards to Tongue via Bettyhill; it also runs some Saturdays. Train There are four daily trains from Inverness (£19.30, 3¾ hours), with connecting bus to Scrabster. ## North & Northwest Coast Quintessential wilderness such as this, marked by single-track roads, breathtaking emptiness and a wild, fragile beauty, is a rarity on the modern, crowded, highly urbanised island of Britain. The scenic majesty is never forgotten. ### Thurso to Durness It's 80 winding, and often spectacular, coastal miles from Thurso to Durness. #### Bettyhill Population 500 Bettyhill is a crofting community of resettled tenant farmers kicked off their land during the Clearances; the spectacular panorama of a sweeping, sandy beach backed by velvety green hills with rocky outcrops makes a sharp contrast to that sad history. Strathnaver Museum ( %01641-521418; www.strathnavermuseum.org.uk; adult/child £2/1; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct), housed in an old church, tells the story of the Strathnaver Clearances through posters written by local kids. The museum contains Clan Mackay memorabilia, crofting equipment and a boat-shaped container that was used by St Kildans to send messages to the mainland. Outside the back door is the **Farr Stone** , a fine carved Pictish cross-slab. A good B&B option is Farr Cottage ( %01641-521755; www.bettyhillbedandbreakfast.co.uk; Farr; s/d £40/64; p W), a welcoming white bungalow amid the bleating of sheep and beautiful scenery a mile off the main road (follow signs to Farr). Rooms are modern and compact, with sparkling bathrooms. Good dinners (£16 for two courses) as well as packed lunches are available. An extraordinary place to eat, Côte du Nord ( %01641-521773; www.cotedunord.co.uk; The School House, Kirtomy; degustation £39; h7-9pm Wed, Fri & Sat Apr-Oct) is in the nearby village of Kintory. Brilliantly innovative cuisine, local ingredients and wonderfully whimsical presentation are the highlights of the excellent degustation menu here. It's an unlikely spot to find such a gourmet experience and the chef is none other than the local GP who forages for wild herbs and flavours in between patients. Top value. It's tiny, so reserve well ahead. Bettyhill tourist office ( %01641-521244; www.visithighlands.com; h10.45am-4.30pm Mon-Thu, 10.45am-4pm Fri, 11am-4pm Sat) has information on the area and the cafe ( %01641-521244; mains £5-9; h10.30am-4pm Mon-Thu, 10.30am-4pm & 5-7.30pm Fri, 11am-4pm & 5-7.30pm Sat) here serves home baking and light meals. ### CROFTING & THE CLEARANCES The wild empty spaces up here are among Europe's least populated zones, but this wasn't always so. Ruins of cottages in desolate areas are mute witnesses to one of the most heartless episodes of Scottish history: the Highland Clearances. Until the 19th century the most common form of farming settlement here was the _baile,_ a group of a dozen or so families who farmed the land granted to them by the local chieftain in return for military service and a portion of the harvest. The arable land was divided into strips called _rigs,_ which were allocated to different families by annual ballot so that each took turns at getting the poorer soils; this system was known as _runrig_. The families worked the land communally and their cattle shared grazing land. After Culloden, however, the king banned private armies and new laws made the clan chiefs actual owners of their traditional lands, often vast tracts of territory. With the prospect of unimagined riches allied to a depressing failure of imagination, the lairds decided that sheep were more profitable than agriculture and proceeded to evict tens of thousands of farmers. These desperate folk were forced to head for the cities in the hope of finding work or to emigrate to the Americas or southern hemisphere. Those who stayed were forced to eke a living from narrow plots of marginal agricultural land, often close to the coast. This form of smallholding became known as crofting. The small patch of land barely provided a living and had to be supplemented by other work such as fishing and kelp-gathering. It was always precarious, as rights were granted on a year-by-year basis, so at any moment a crofter could lose not only the farm but also the house they'd built on it. The late 19th-century economic depression meant many couldn't pay their rent. This time, however, they resisted expulsion, instead forming the Highland Land Reform Association and their own political party. Their resistance led the government to accede to several demands, including security of tenure, fair rents and eventually the supply of land for new crofts. Crofters now have the right to purchase their farmland and 2004 laws finally abolished the feudal system, which created so much misery. #### Coldbackie & Tongue Population 500 Coldbackie has outstanding views over sandy beaches, turquoise waters and offshore islands. Two miles further is Tongue, with the evocative 14th-century ruins of **Castle Varrich** , once a Mackay stronghold. To get to the castle, take the trail next to the Royal Bank of Scotland – it's an easy stroll. 4Sleeping & Eating Kyle of Tongue Hostel & Holiday ParkHOSTEL, CAMPSITE ( %01847-611789; www.tonguehostelandholidaypark.co.uk; dm £18, d £42-50; p W) In a wonderful spot right by the causeway across the Kyle of Tongue, a mile west of town, this is the top budget option in the area, with clean, spacious dorms, great family rooms, views, a decent kitchen and a cosy lounge. It's bright and helpful, and there's bikeshed as well as camping (£7 per person). Tongue HotelHOTEL ( %01847-611206; www.tonguehotel.co.uk; s/d £75/110, superior d £130; p W) A stalwart of the north coast, this former hunting lodge is looking very spruce again and offers attractive, roomy chambers, including plush superiors with top views, and classic standards, some with recently-renovated bathrooms. It has a restaurant, plus bar meals in the snug Brass Tap basement bar, a good spot to chat with locals. Food is served noon to 2pm and 6pm to 9pm. Tigh-nan-UbhalB&B ( %01847-611281; www.tigh-nan-ubhal.com; Main St; d £60-70; p W #) In the middle of Tongue and within stumbling distance of two pubs, is this charming B&B. There are snug, loft-style rooms with plenty of natural light, but the basement double with spa is the pick of the bunch – it's the biggest en suite we've seen in northern Scotland. There's also a caravan in the garden and a cheaper room (£50) that shares a bathroom. Craggan HotelSCOTTISH ( %01847-601278; www.thecraggan.co.uk; Talmine; mains £10-21; h11am-9.15pm) On the side road to Melness, across the causeway from Tongue village, the Craggan Hotel doesn't look much from outside, but go in and you'll find smart, formal service and a menu ranging from exquisite burgers to classy game and local scallops, crab and langoustines, presented beautifully. It also does pizzas and curries to take away and the wine list's not bad either. ### Durness Population 400 Scattered Durness (www.durness.org) is wonderfully located, strung out along cliffs rising from a series of pristine beaches. When the sun shines, the effects of blinding white sand, the cry of seabirds and the spring-green-coloured seas combine in a magical way. There are shops, an ATM, petrol and plenty of accommodation options. 1Sights & Activities Walking around the sensational sandy coastline is a highlight, as is a visit to Cape Wrath. Durness' beautiful **beaches** include Rispond to the east, Sango Sands below town and Balnakeil to the west. At **Balnakeil** , less than a mile beyond Durness, a craft village occupies a onetime early-warning radar station. A walk along the beach to the north leads to **Faraid Head** , where you can see puffin colonies in early summer. You can hire bikes from a shed on the square. Smoo CaveCAVE (www.smoocave.org) A mile east of the centre is a path down to Smoo Cave. From the vast main chamber, you can head through to a smaller flooded cavern, where a waterfall sometimes cascades from the roof. There's evidence the cave was inhabited about 6000 years ago. You can take a boat trip ( %01971-511704; adult/child £4/2; h11am-4pm Apr-May & Sep, 10am-5pm Jun-Aug) to explore a little further into the interior. 4Sleeping & Eating Lazy Crofter BunkhouseHOSTEL ( %01971-511202; www.durnesshostel.com; dm £17.50; W) Durness' best budget accommodation is here, opposite the supermarket. A bothy vibe gives it a very Highland feel. Inviting dorms have plenty of room and lockers, and there's also a sociable shared table for meals and board games, and a great wooden deck with sea views, perfect for midge-free evenings. Sango Sands OasisCAMPSITE ( %01971-511222; www.sangosands.com; sites per adult/child £7/5; p #) You couldn't imagine a better location for a campsite: great grassy areas on the edge of cliffs, descending to two lovely sandy beaches. Facilities are good and very clean, and there's a pub next door. Electric hookup is an extra £4. You can camp free from November to March, but don't complain about the cold. oMackays RoomsHOTEL ( %01971-511202; www.visitdurness.com; d standard/deluxe £125/139; hEaster-Oct; p W #) You really feel you're at the furthest corner of Scotland here, where the road turns through 90 degrees. But whether heading south or east, you'll go far before you find a better place to stay than this haven of Highland hospitality. With big beds, contemporary colours and soft fabrics, it's a romantic spot with top service and numerous boutique details. Smoo Cave HotelPUB FOOD (www.smoocavehotel.co.uk; mains £9-15; hfood 11.30am-9.30pm; W) Signposted off the main road at the eastern end of town, this amiable local offers quality bar food in hefty portions. Haddock or daily seafood specials are an obvious and worthwhile choice; there's also a restaurant area with clifftop views. 8Information Durness Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01971-511368; www.visithighlands.com; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat & 10am-3pm Sun Easter-Jun & Sep, 9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm Sun Jul-Aug, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat Oct) Very helpful. Phone for possible winter opening. 8Getting There & Away From mid-May to mid-September, one bus ( %01463-222444; www.decoaches.co.uk; hmid-May–mid-Sep) runs Monday to Saturday from Durness to Inverness (£16.70) via Ullapool (£12.50). You can take bikes (£6), but they must be booked ahead (office hours). Another, year-round bus ( %07782 110007; www.thedurnessbus.com) heads daily Monday to Saturday to Lairg (£7.85), which has a train station. On Saturday a bus heads to either Inverness or Thurso. #### WORTH A TRIP ### CAPE WRATH Though its name actually comes from the Norse word for 'turning point', there is something daunting and primal about Cape Wrath, the remote northwestern point of the British mainland, crowned by a Stevenson lighthouse and close to the seabird colonies of **Clo Mor** , Britain's highest coastal cliffs. Getting to Cape Wrath involves a boat ride ( %01971-511284; www.capewrathferry.co.uk; single/return £4/6; hEaster-Oct) – passengers and bikes only – across the Kyle of Durness (10 minutes), connecting with a minibus ( %01971-511284; www.visitcapewrath.com; single/return £7/12; hEaster-Oct) running 11 miles to the cape (40 minutes). This combination is a friendly but eccentric, sometimes shambolic service with limited capacity, so plan on waiting in high season, and ring beforehand to make sure the ferry is running. The ferry leaves from two miles southwest of Durness, and runs twice or more daily from April to September. If you eschew the minibus, it's a spectacular 11-mile ride or hike from boat to cape over bleak scenery occasionally used by the Ministry of Defence as a firing range. A cafe at the lighthouse serves soup and sandwiches. ### Durness to Ullapool Perhaps Scotland's most spectacular road, the 69 miles connecting Durness to Ullapool is a smorgasbord of dramatic scenery, almost too much to take in. From Durness you pass through a broad heathered valley with the looming grey bulk of Foinaven and Arkle to the southeast. Heather gives way to a rockier landscape of Lewisian gneiss pockmarked with hundreds of small lochans, and gorse-covered hills prefacing the magnificent Torridonian sandstone mountains of Assynt and Coigach, including Suilven's distinctive sugarloaf, ziggurat-like Quinag and pinnacled Stac Pollaidh. The area has been named Northwest Highlands Geopark (www.nwhgeopark.com). #### Kylesku & Loch Glencoul Hidden away on the shores of Loch Glencoul, tiny Kylesku offers cruises ( %01971-502239; www.rachaelclare.com; adult/child £25/18; hmid-May–Sep) out to see local seal colonies and the 213m-drop of **Eas a'Chual Aulin** , Britain's highest waterfall. Run with pride and enthusiasm, the Kylesku Hotel ( %01971-502231; www.kyleskuhotel.co.uk; s/d from £55/80; p) is a great place to stay, or to gorge yourself on delicious sustainable seafood in the convivial bar (food served noon to 9pm, mains £10 to £19). Local langoustines and mussels are a speciality. There's a variety of rooms; the small extra charge for loch views is well worthwhile. #### Lochinver & Assynt With its otherworldly scenery of isolated peaks rising above a sea of crumpled, lochan-spattered gneiss, Assynt epitomises the northwest's wild magnificence. Glaciers have sculpted the hills of Suilven (731m), Canisp (846m), Quinag (808m) and Ben More Assynt (998m) into strange, wonderful silhouettes. **Lochinver** is the main settlement, a busy little fishing port that's a popular port of call with its laid-back atmosphere, good facilities and striking scenery. 4Sleeping & Eating Achmelvich Beach SYHAHOSTEL ( %01571-844480; www.syha.org.uk; dm/tw £18/46; hApr-Sep) The Achmelvich Beach SYHA is a whitewashed cottage set beside a great beach at the end of a side road. Dorms are simple, and there's a sociable common kitchen/eating area. They sell heat-up meals; there's a basic summer shop and chip van at the adjacent campsite or it's a 4-mile walk from Lochinver. VeyatieB&B ( %01571-844424; www.veyatie-scotland.co.uk; Lochinver; s/d £70/90; p W #) This choice, at the end of the road across the bay, has perhaps the finest views of all, best enjoyed from the grassy garden or conservatory lounge on a sunny day. There are two enormous rooms with lovely plush beds, great en suites, flatscreens and ipod docks. Breakfast is highly recommended. oAlbannachHOTEL ( %01571-844407; www.thealbannach.co.uk; Lochinver; s/d/ste incl dinner £220/300/380; hTue-Sun Mar-Dec; p W) S One of the Highlands' top places to stay and eat, this hotel combines old-fashioned country-house elements – steep creaky stairs, stuffed animals, fireplaces, and noble antique furniture – with strikingly handsome showroom-class rooms that range from a sumptuous four-poster to more modern spaces with features such as underfloor heating and, in one case, a private deck with outdoor spa. Lochinver Larder & Riverside BistroCAFE, BISTRO ( %01571-844356; www.lochinverlarder.co.uk; 3 Main St, Lochinver; pies £5, mains £11-20; h10am-7.45pm, to 8.30pm Jun-Sep; W) This offers an outstanding menu of inventive food made with local produce. The bistro turns out delicious seafood dishes in the evening, while the takeaway counter (open till 7pm) sells delicious pies with a wide range of gourmet fillings: try the wild boar and apricot. It also does quality meals to take away and heat up: great for hostellers and campers. CaberfeidhPUB FOOD ( %01571-844321; www.caberfeidhlochinver.co.uk; Main St, Lochinver; tapas £6-8; hfood noon-2.30pm & 6-8.45pm; W) S This convivial pub (with riverside beer garden) serves a range of real ales and some excellent food. The menu is based around tapas-sized portions of, for example, venison meatballs or local langoustines. A sustainable, low-food-mile philosophy is at work and the quality shines through. 8Information Assynt Visitor CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01571-844194; www.discoverassynt.co.uk; Main St; h10am-4.30pm Mon-Sat & 11am-3pm Sun Easter-Jun, Sep &Oct, 9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm Sun Jul & Aug) Has leaflets on hill walks in the area and a display on the story of Assynt. ### Ullapool Population 1500 This pretty port on the shores of Loch Broom is the largest settlement in Wester Ross and one of the most alluring spots in the Highlands, a wonderful destination in itself as well as a gateway to the Western Isles. Offering a row of whitewashed cottages arrayed along the harbour and special views of the loch and its flanking hills, the town has a very distinctive appeal. The harbour served as an emigration point during the Clearances, with thousands of Scots watching Ullapool recede behind them as the diaspora cast them across the world. 1Sights & Activities Ullapool MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.ullapoolmuseum.co.uk; 7 West Argyle St; adult/child £3.50/free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct) Housed in a converted Telford church, this museum relates the prehistoric, natural and social history of the town and Lochbroom area, with a particular focus on the emigration to Nova Scotia and other places. There's also a genealogy section if you want to trace your Scottish roots. SeascapeBOAT TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-633708; www.sea-scape.co.uk; adult/child £30/20; hJun-Aug) Enjoyable two-hour tours out to the Summer Isles in an orange rigid inflatable boat (RIB). Summer QueenBOAT TOUR ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612472; www.summerqueen.co.uk; hMon-Sat May-Sep) The stately _Summer Queen_ takes you out (weather permitting) around Isle Martin (adult/child £20/10, two hours) or to the Summer Isles (£30/15, four hours), with a stop on Tanera Mor. 4Sleeping Note that during summer Ullapool is very busy and finding accommodation can be tricky – book ahead. Ullapool SYHAHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612254; www.syha.org.uk; Shore St; dm/tw/q £20/45/88; hApr-Oct; W) You've got to hand it to the SYHA; it's chosen some very sweet locations for its hostels. This is as close to the water as it is to the town's best pub: about four seconds' walk. The front rooms have harbour views but the busy dining area and little lounge are also good spots for contemplating the water. Ceilidh ClubhouseHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612103; www.theceilidhplace.com; West Lane; s/tw/f £23-30/58/68; p W) Opposite the Ceilidh Place, which runs it, this annex offers no-frills accommodation for walkers, journeyers and staff. A big building, it has hostel-style rooms with sturdy bunks and basins. Though shared showers and toilets are a little institutional, rooms are private: if you're woken by snores, at least they'll be familiar ones. Prices drop substantially outside high summer. Broomfield Holiday ParkCAMPSITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612020; www.broomfieldhp.com; West Lane; tent sites £12-19; hApr-Sep; p W #) Great grassy headland location, very close to centre. Midge-busting machines in action. oWest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-613126; www.ullapoolaccommodation.net; West Argyle St; s £60, d £75-85; p W) S Slap bang in the centre, this solid white house, once a manse, offers excellent rooms with contemporary style and great bathrooms. Breakfast is continental: rooms come with a fridge stocked with fresh fruit, cheeses, yoghurts, homemade bread, proper coffee and juice so you can eat at your leisure in your own chamber. Most rooms have great views, as well as iPod docks and other conveniences. oTamarin LodgeB&B ( %01854-612667; www.tamarinullapool.com; The Braes; s/d £42/84; p W #) Effortlessly elegant modern architecture in this hilltop house is noteworthy in its own right, but the glorious vistas over the hills opposite and water far below are unforgettable. All rooms face the view; some have a balcony, and all are very spacious, quiet and utterly relaxing, with unexpected features and gadgets. The great lounge and benevolent hosts are a delight. Follow signs for Braes from the Inverness road. oCeilidh PlaceHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612103; www.theceilidhplace.com; 14 West Argyle St; s £58-92, d £140-164; hFeb-Dec; p W #) This hotel, which includes a bookshop, is a celebration of Scottish culture: we're talking literature and traditional music, not tartan and Nessie dolls. It's one of the Highlands' more unusual and delightful places to stay. Rooms go for character over modernity: instead of TV they come with a selection of books chosen by Scottish literati, eclectic artwork and cosy touches. The sumptuous lounge has sofas, chaises longues and an honesty bar. 5Eating & Drinking Arch InnPUB FOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612454; www.thearchinn.co.uk; West Shore St; mains £10-18; hfood noon-2.30pm & 5-9pm Mon-Sat, 12.30-2.30pm & 5-9pm Sun; W) There's pleasing pub food to be had at this shorefront establishment, where the cosy bar and restaurant area dishes up generously proportioned, well-presented mains that range from tender chicken and fish dishes to more advanced blackboard specials with local seafood a highlight. Service is helpful and efficient. The outdoor tables right beside the lapping water are a top spot for a pint. 8Information Ullapool Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01854-612486; ullapool@visitscotland.com; Argyle St; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct, plus 10am-3pm Sun Jun-Aug) Can book ferries and buses. 8Getting There & Away Citylink (www.citylink.co.uk) has one to three daily buses from Inverness to Ullapool (£12.80, 1½ hours), connecting with the Lewis ferry. ### Ullapool to Kyle of Lochalsh Although it's less than 50 miles as the crow flies from Ullapool to Kyle of Lochalsh, it's more like 150 miles along the circuitous coastal road – but don't let that put you off. It's a deliciously remote region and there are fine views of beaches and bays backed by mountains all the way along. The A832 doubles back to the coast from the A835, 12 miles from Ullapool. Just after the junction, the Falls of Measach spill 45m into the spectacularly deep and narrow Corrieshalloch Gorge. You can cross from side to side on a wobbly suspension bridge; the thundering falls and misty vapours rising from the gorge are very impressive. If you're hurrying to Skye, head inland on the A835 (towards Inverness) and catch up with the A832 further south, near Garve. #### Gairloch Population 1000 Gairloch is a group of villages (comprising Achtercairn, Strath and Charlestown) around the inner end of a loch of the same name. Gairloch is a good base for whale- and dolphin-watching excursions and the surrounding area has beautiful sandy beaches, good trout fishing and birdwatching. 1Sights & Activities Gairloch Marine Wildlife CentreNATURE DISPLAY ( %01445-712636; www.porpoise-gairloch.co.uk; Pier Rd; h10am-4pm Easter-Oct) S F This has audiovisual and interactive displays, lots of charts, photos and knowledgeable staff. Cruises ( %01445-712636; www.porpoise-gairloch.co.uk; adult/child £20/15) run from the centre up to three times daily (weather permitting); during the two-hour trips you may see basking sharks, porpoises and minke whales. The crew collects data on water temperature and conditions, and monitors cetacean populations, so you are subsidising important research. Inverewe GardenGARDENS (NTS; www.nts.org.uk; adult/concession £10.50/7.50; h10am-3pm Nov-Mar, to 5pm Apr & Sep, to 5.30pm May, to 6pm Jun-Aug, to 4pm Oct) Six miles north of Gairloch, this splendid garden is a welcome splash of colour on this otherwise bleak coast. The climate here is warmed by the Gulf Stream, which allowed Osgood MacKenzie to create this exotic woodland garden in 1862. There are free guided tours on weekdays at 1.30pm (March to October). The cafe has great cakes. 4Sleeping & Eating Wayside Guest HouseB&B ( %01445-712008; issmith@msn.com; Strath; s/d £40/60; W) Cosy and compact, this offers comfortable and welcoming accommodation in Strath, the spiritual heart of Gairloch. The spotless rooms come with either en suite bathroom or fabulous view; you decide what's more important. It offers excellent value and hosts full of kind thoughts. Rua Reidh LighthouseLODGE ( %01445-771263; www.stayatalighthouse.co.uk; d/f £60/110; hEaster-Oct; p W #) Three miles down a private road beyond Melvaig (11 miles north of Gairloch), this simple, excellent lodge gives a taste of a lighthouse keeper's life. It's a wild, lonely location great for walking and birdwatching. Breakfast is included and tasty evening meals are available. It's open Easter to October, but there's a self-catering apartment open almost year-round. Book well ahead. Badachro InnPUB FOOD ( %01445-741255; www.badachroinn.com; Badachro; light meals £5-8, mains £11-16; hfood noon-3pm & 6-9pm, from 12.30pm Sun; p) S Set in an enchanting location, overlooking a sheltered yacht harbour at Badachro, 5 miles southwest of Gairloch, this old Highland inn serves local real ales and platters of fresh local seafood: crab, scallops and langoustines, some landed right alongside. There are also tasty panini and sandwiches; eating out on the deck on a sunny day here is a real treat. 8Information Gairloch Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01445-712071; h10am-4pm Mon-Sat Oct–Apr, 10am-5pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm Sun May-Sep) In the wooden Gale Centre, on the road through town, this has good walking pamphlets. Opening hours are slightly variable. #### Loch Maree & Kinlochewe Stretching for 12 miles southeast of Gairloch, **Loch Maree** is often regarded as one of the most beautiful lochs in Scotland. At the southern end of the loch, tiny **Kinlochewe** makes a good base for outdoor activities. Kinlochewe Hotel ( %01445-760253; www.kinlochewehotel.co.uk; Kinlochewe; dm £15.50, s £50, d £90-98; p W #) is a welcoming place that's very walker-friendly. There are nice features like a handsome lounge well stocked with books, a great bar with several real ales on tap and a thoughtful menu of locally sourced food. There's also a bunkhouse with one no-frills 12-bed dorm, a decent kitchen and clean bathrooms. #### Torridon Southwest from Kinlochewe, the A896 follows **Glen Torridon** , overlooked by multiple peaks, including Beinn Eighe (1010m) and Liathach (1055m). The drive along Glen Torridon is one of the most breathtaking in Scotland. Mighty, brooding mountains, often partly obscured by clumps of passing clouds, seemingly drawn to their peaks like magnets, loom over the tiny, winding, single-track road. The road reaches the sea at the spectacularly sited Torridon village, where there is a Countryside Centre (NTS; www.nts.org.uk; donation £3; h10am-5pm Sun-Fri Easter-Sep) offering information on flora, fauna and walks in the rugged area. There's a camping ground ( %01445-791368; sites free) here. Modern, squat Torridon SYHA ( %01445-791284; www.syha.org.uk; dm £20, tw £45-49; hMar-Oct, plus weekends Nov-Feb; p i W #) is in a magnificent location surrounded by spectacular mountains. It's a very popular walking base so book ahead in summer. If you prefer the lap of luxury to the sound of rain beating on your tent, head for The Torridon ( %01445-791242; www.thetorridon.com; r standard/superior/master £235/290/440; hclosed Jan, plus Mon & Tue Nov, Dec, Feb & Mar; p i W #), a lavish Victorian shooting lodge with a romantic lochside location. Service is excellent, with muddy boots positively welcomed, and dinners are sumptuous affairs, also open to nonresidents (£55). Part of the same set-up, adjacent Torridon Inn ( %01445-791242; www.thetorridon.com; s/d/q £100/110/175; hdaily May-Oct, Thu-Sun Nov, Dec, Mar & Apr, closed Jan & Feb; p W #) offers excellent modern rooms that vary substantially in size and layout, and a sociable bar offering all-day food. #### Applecross Population 200 The delightfully remote seaside village of Applecross feels like an island retreat due to its isolation and the magnificent views of Raasay and the hills of Skye that set the pulse racing, particularly at sunset. On a clear day it's an unforgettable place, though the campsite and pub fill to the brim in school holidays. Twenty-five winding miles of road leads here from Shieldaig, but a more spectacular route (accessed from further south on the A896) is the magnificent **Bealach na Ba** (626m; Pass of the Cattle), the third-highest motor road in the UK, and the longest continuous climb. Originally built in 1822, it climbs steeply and hair-raisingly via hairpin bends perched over sheer drops, with gradients up to 25%, then drops dramatically to the village with views of Skye. Mountain & Sea Guides ( %01250-744394; www.applecross.uk.com) runs short sea-kayaking, hill-walking and mountaineering excursions, as well as more serious expeditions. 4Sleeping & Eating Applecross CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01520-744268; www.applecross.uk.com; sites per adult/child £9/4.50, 2-person hut £45; hMar-Oct; p W #) Offers green grassy plots, cute little wooden cabins and a good greenhouse-like cafe. oApplecross InnINN ( %01520-744262; www.applecross.uk.com; Shore St; s/d £85/130, mains £9-18; hfood noon-9pm; p W #) S The hub of the spread-out community and the perfect shoreside location for a sunset pint, this inn is famous for its food – mostly daily blackboard specials concentrate on local seafood and venison – and sports seven snug bedrooms. All have a view of the Skye hills and the sea. #### Plockton Population 400 There's something distinctly tropical about idyllic little Plockton, a filmset-like village with palm trees, whitewashed houses and a small bay dotted with islets and hemmed in by green-fuzzed mountains. It's a great place to stay and to eat. Calum's Seal Trips ( %01599-544306; www.calums-sealtrips.com; adult/child £10/6; hApr-Oct) runs seal-watching cruises. There are swarms of the slippery fellas just outside the harbour and the trip comes with an excellent commentary. 4Sleeping & Eating Plockton Station BunkhouseHOSTEL ( %01599-544235; mickcoe@btInternet.com; dm £15; p W) Airily set in the former train station (the new one is opposite), this has cosy four-bed dorms, a garden and kitchen-lounge with plenty of light and good perspectives over the frenetic comings-and-goings (OK, that last bit's a lie) of the platforms below. It can get a bit cramped when there are lots of folk in. The owners also do good-value B&B (single/double £30/50) next door in the inaccurately named 'Nessun Dorma'. Plockton HotelINN ( %01599-544274; www.plocktonhotel.co.uk; 41 Harbour St; s/d £90/130, cottage s/d £55/80; W) S Black-painted Plockton Hotel is one of those classic Highland spots that manages to make everyone happy, whether it's thirst, hunger or fatigue that brings you knocking. Assiduously tended rooms are a delight, with excellent facilities and thoughtful touches. Those without a water view are consoled with more space and a balcony with rock-garden perspectives. The cottage nearby offers simpler comfort. The cosy bar, or wonderful beer garden on a sunny day, are memorable places for a pint, and food ranges from sound-value bar meals to seafood platters and local langoustines brought in on the afternoon boat (mains £6 to £12). oPlockton ShoresSEAFOOD ( %01599-544263; www.plocktonshoresrestaurant.com; 30 Harbour St; mains £11-18; hnoon-2.30pm & 6-8.30pm Mon-Sat, from 11am Sun; v) S This welcoming restaurant attached to a shop sports a tempting menu of local seafood, including good-value platters with langoustines, mussels, crab, squat lobster and more, or succulent hand-dived tempura scallops. There's also a very tasty line in venison, steaks and a small selection of tasty vegetarian dishes that are more than an afterthought. Breakfast, teas and snacks are served from morning until night. Plockton InnSEAFOOD ( %01599-544222; www.plocktoninn.co.uk; mains £10-18; hnoon-2.15pm & 6-9pm; W) Offering a wide range of anything from haggis to toothsome local langoustines (Plockton prawns) and daily seafood specials, this covers lots of bases and offers genuinely welcoming service. A range of rooms – some substantially more spacious than others, and some in an annexe, are available at a decent price. #### Kyle of Lochalsh Population 700 Before the bridge was opened in 1995, this was Skye's main ferry port. Visitors now tend to buzz through town, but Kyle has some good boat trips if you're interested in marine life. Citylink runs two to three daily buses from Inverness (£19.90, two hours) and three from Glasgow (£36.20, five to six hours). The train route between Inverness and Kyle of Lochalsh (£22, 2½ hours, up to four daily) is marvellously scenic. #### Eilean Donan Castle Photogenically sited at the entrance to Loch Duich, near Dornie village, Eilean Donan Castle ( %01599-555202; www.eileandonancastle.com; adult/child/family £6.50/5.50/16; h10am-6pm Feb-Dec, from 9am Jul & Aug) is one of Scotland's most evocative castles, and must be represented in millions of photo albums. It's on an offshore islet, magically linked to the mainland by an elegant, stone-arched bridge. It's very much a re-creation inside with an excellent introductory exhibition. Keep an eye out for the photos of castle scenes from the movie _Highlander_. There's also a sword used at the battle of Culloden in 1746. The castle was ruined in 1719 after Spanish Jacobite forces were defeated at the Battle of Glenshiel, and it was rebuilt between 1912 and 1932. Citylink buses from Fort William and Inverness to Portree will stop at the castle. ### MADDENING MIDGES Forget Nessie; the Highlands have a real monster: a voracious bloodsucking female fully 3mm long and named _culicoides impunctatus_ , or the Highland midge. The bane of campers and as much a symbol of Scotland as the kilt or dram, they drive sane folk to distraction, descending in biting clouds. Though normally vegetarian, the female midge needs a dose of blood in order to lay her eggs. And, like it or not, if you're in the Highlands between June and August, you just volunteered as a donor. Midges especially congregate near water, and are most active in the early morning, though squadrons also patrol in the late evening. Repellents and creams are reasonably effective, though some walkers favour midge veils. Light-coloured clothing also helps. Many pubs and campsites have midge-zappers. Check www.midgeforecast.co.uk for activity levels by area, but don't blame us: we've been eaten alive when the forecast said moderate too. ## Isle of Skye Population 10,000 The Isle of Skye (an t-Eilean Sgiathanach in Gaelic) takes its name from the old Norse _sky-a,_ meaning 'cloud island', a Viking reference to the often-mist-enshrouded Cuillin Hills. It's the second-largest of Scotland's islands, a 50-mile-long patchwork of velvet moors, jagged mountains, sparkling lochs and towering sea cliffs. The stunning scenery is the main attraction, but when the mist closes in there are plenty of castles, crofting museums and cosy pubs and restaurants; there are also dozens of art galleries and craft studios. 2Activities Walking Skye offers some of the finest – and in places, the roughest and most difficult – walking in Scotland. There are many detailed guidebooks available. You'll need Ordnance Survey (OS) 1:50,000 maps 23 and 32. Don't attempt the longer walks in bad weather or in winter. Climbing The Cuillin Hills is a playground for rock climbers, and the two-day traverse of the Cuillin Ridge is the finest mountaineering expedition in the British Isles. There are several mountain guides in the area who can provide instruction and safely introduce inexperienced climbers to the more difficult routes. Sea Kayaking The sheltered coves and sea lochs around the coast of Skye provide water lovers with magnificent sea-kayaking opportunities. The centres listed here can provide kayaking instruction, guiding and equipment hire for both beginners and experts. It costs around £40 to £50 for a half-day kayak hire with instruction. Whitewave Outdoor CentreKAYAKING ( %01470-542414; www.white-wave.co.uk; 19 Linicro, Kilmuir; hMar-Oct) Provides kayaking instruction, guiding and equipment hire for both beginners and experts. Skyak AdventuresKAYAKING ( %01471-820002; www.skyakadventures.com; 29 Lower Breakish, Breakish) Expeditions and courses to take both beginners and experienced paddlers to otherwise inaccessible places. 8Information Portree Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612137; Bayfield Rd, Portree; internet per 20min £1; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm Sun Jun-Aug, 9am-5pm Mon-Fri & 10am-4pm Sat Apr, May & Sep, shorter hours Oct-Mar) The only tourist office on the island; provides internet access (£1 per 20 minutes) and currency exchange. 8Getting There & Away Boat Despite the bridge, there are still a couple of ferry links between Skye and the mainland. Ferries also operate from Uig on Skye to the Outer Hebrides. Mallaig to Armadale FERRY (www.calmac.co.uk; per person/car £4.65/23.90) The Mallaig to Armadale ferry (30 minutes, eight daily Monday to Saturday, five to seven on Sunday) is very popular on weekends and in July and August, so book ahead if you're travelling by car. Glenelg to KylerheaFERRY (www.skyeferry.co.uk; car with up to four passengers £15; hEaster-mid Oct) Runs a tiny vessel (six cars only) on the short Kylerhea to Glenelg crossing (five minutes, every 20 minutes). The ferry operates from 10am to 6pm daily (till 7pm June to August). Bus A **Glasgow to Portree** £41, seven hours, three daily A **Glasgow to Uig** £41, 7½ hours, two daily; via Crianlarich, Fort William and Kyle of Lochalsh A **Inverness to Portree** £24, 3¼ hours, three daily Car & Motorcycle The Isle of Skye became permanently tethered to the Scottish mainland when the Skye Bridge opened in 1995. The controversial bridge tolls were abolished in 2004 and the crossing is now free. There are petrol stations at Broadford (open 24 hours), Armadale, Portree, Dunvegan and Uig. 8Getting Around Getting around the island by public transport can be a pain, especially if you want to explore away from the main Kyleakin–Portree–Uig road. Here, as in much of the Highlands, there are fewer buses on Saturday and only a handful of Sunday services. Bus Stagecoach operates the main bus routes on the island, linking all the main villages and towns. Its **Skye Dayrider/Megarider** ticket gives unlimited bus travel for one day/seven days for £8/32. For timetable info, call Traveline ( %0871 200 22 33). Taxi & Car Hire Kyle Taxi CompanyTAXI, CAR RENTAL ( %01599-534323; www.skyecarhire.co.uk) You can order a taxi or hire a car from Kyle Taxi Company. Car hire costs from around £40 a day, and you can arrange for the car to be waiting at Kyle of Lochalsh train station. ### Kyleakin (Caol Acain) Population 100 Poor wee Kyleakin had the carpet pulled from under it when the Skye Bridge opened – it went from being the gateway to the island to a backwater bypassed by the main road. It's now a pleasant, peaceful little place, with a harbour used by yachts and fishing boats. There are two hostels and a couple of B&Bs in the village. The friendly Skye Backpackers ( %01599-534510; www.skyebackpackers.com; dm/tw £18/47; i W) is our favourite, with even cheaper beds (£13) in caravans out back. A shuttle bus runs half-hourly between Kyle of Lochalsh and Kyleakin (£1.20, five minutes), and there are eight to 10 buses daily (except Sunday) to Broadford (£2.40, 15 minutes), and three or four to Portree (£6.20, one hour). ### Broadford (An T-Ath Leathann) Population 750 Broadford is a service centre for the scattered communities of southern Skye. The long, straggling village has a 24-hour petrol station, a large supermarket with ATM, a laundrette and a bank. There are lots of B&Bs in and around Broadford and the village is well placed for exploring southern Skye by car. 4Sleeping & Eating oTigh an DochaisB&B ( %01471-820022; www.skyebedbreakfast.co.uk; 13 Harrapool; d £90; p) S A cleverly designed modern building, Tigh an Dochais is one of Skye's best B&Bs – a little footbridge leads to the front door, which is on the 1st floor. Here you'll find the dining room (gorgeous breakfasts) and lounge offering a stunning view of sea and hills; the bedrooms (downstairs) open onto an outdoor deck with that same wonderful view. CreelersSEAFOOD ( %01471-822281; www.skye-seafood-restaurant.co.uk; Lower Harrapool; mains lunch £10, dinner £14-19; hnoon-9.30pm Mon-Sat Mar-Nov; c) S Broadford has several places to eat but one really stands out: Creelers is a small, bustling, no-frills restaurant that serves some of the best seafood on Skye. The house speciality is a rich, spicy seafood gumbo. Best to book ahead. ### Sleat If you cross over the sea to Skye on the ferry from Mallaig you arrive in Armadale, at the southern end of the long, low-lying peninsula known as Sleat (pronounced 'slate'). There are six or seven buses a day Monday to Saturday (three on Sunday) from Armadale to Broadford (£3.50, 30 minutes) and Portree (£6.80, 1¼ hours). 1Sights & Activities Museum of the IslesMUSEUM ( %01471-844305; www.clandonald.com; adult/child £8/6.50; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Oct, occasionally shorter hours Oct; p) Just along the road from Armadale pier is the part-ruined **Armadale Castle** , former seat of Lord MacDonald of Sleat. The neighbouring museum will tell you all you ever wanted to know about Clan Donald, as well as providing an easily digestible history of the Lordship of the Isles. Prize exhibits include rare portraits of clan chiefs, and a wine glass that was once used by Bonnie Prince Charlie. The ticket also gives admission to the lovely **castle gardens**. 4Sleeping oToravaig House HotelHOTEL ( %01471-820200; www.skyehotel.co.uk; d £99-130; p W) This hotel, 3 miles south of Isleornsay, is one of those places where the owners know a thing or two about hospitality – as soon as you arrive you'll feel right at home, whether relaxing on the sofas by the log fire in the lounge or admiring the view across the Sound of Sleat from the lawn chairs in the garden. The spacious bedrooms – ask for room 1 (Eriskay), with its enormous sleigh bed – are luxuriously equipped, from the crisp bed linen to the huge, high-pressure shower heads. The elegant restaurant serves the best of local fish, game and lamb. After dinner you can retire to the lounge with a single malt and flick through the yachting magazines – you can even arrange a day trip aboard the owners' 42ft sailing yacht. ### Cuillin Hills The Cuillin are Britain's most spectacular mountain range. Though small in stature ( **Sgurr Alasdair** , the highest summit, is only 993m), the peaks are near-alpine in character, with knife-edge ridges, jagged pinnacles, scree-filled gullies and acres of naked rock. While they are a paradise for experienced mountaineers, the higher reaches of the Cuillin are off limits to the majority of walkers. The good news is that there are also plenty of good, low-level hikes within the ability of most. One of the best (on a fine day) is the steep climb from Glenbrittle camping ground to **Coire Lagan** (6 miles round trip; allow at least three hours). There are two main bases for exploring the Cuillin – **Sligachan** to the north, and **Glenbrittle** to the south. 4Sleeping & Eating Sligachan HotelHOTEL ( %01478-650204; www.sligachan.co.uk; Sligachan; per person £68-78; p i W) The Slig, as it has been known to generations of climbers, is a near village in itself, encompassing a comfortable hotel, a microbrewery, self-catering cottages, a small mountaineering museum, a big barn of a pub – Seamus's Bar (Sligachan Hotel; mains £8-13; hfood served 11am-9.30pm; W c) – and an adventure playground. 8Getting There & Away Bus 53 runs five times a day Monday to Friday (once on Saturday) from Portree to Carbost via Sligachan (50 minutes); for Glenbrittle, you'll have to hitch or walk the remaining 8 miles. ### Minginish Loch Harport, to the north of the Cuillin, divides the Minginish Peninsula from the rest of Skye. On its southern shore lies the village of **Carbost** , home to the smooth, sweet and smoky Talisker malt whisky, produced at Talisker Distillery ( %01478-614308; www.discovering-distilleries.com; guided tour £7; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct, 11am-5pm Sun Jul & Aug, 10am-4.30pm Mon-Fri Nov-Mar) This is the only distillery on Skye; the guided tour includes a free dram. Magnificent **Talisker** **Bay** , 5 miles west of Carbost, has a sandy beach, sea stack and waterfall. There's one bus a day (school days only) from Portree to Carbost (£3.70, 40 minutes) via Sligachan. ### Portree (Port Righ) Population 2300 Portree is Skye's largest and liveliest town. It has a pretty harbour lined with brightly painted houses, and there are great views of the surrounding hills. Its name (from the Gaelic for King's Harbour) commemorates James V, who came here in 1540 to pacify the local clans. 4Sleeping Portree is well supplied with B&Bs, but accommodation fills up fast in July and August so be sure to book ahead. Bayfield BackpackersHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612231; www.skyehostel.co.uk; Bayfield; dm £18; p i W) Clean, central and modern, this hostel provides the best backpacker accommodation in town. The owner really makes you feel welcome, and is a fount of advice on what to do and where to go in Skye. Torvaig CampsiteCAMPSITE ( %01478-612209; www.portreecampsite.co.uk; Torvaig; sites per adult/child £7/3; hApr-Oct; W) An attractive, family-run campsite located 1.5 miles north of Portree, on the road to Staffin. Ben Tianavaig B&BB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612152; www.ben-tianavaig.co.uk; 5 Bosville Tce; r £75-88; p W) S A warm welcome awaits from the Irish-Welsh couple who run this appealing B&B bang in the centre of town. All four bedrooms have a view across the harbour to the hill that gives the house its name and breakfasts include free-range eggs and vegetables grown in the garden. Two-night minimum stay April to October; no credit cards. WoodlandsB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612980; www.woodlands-portree.co.uk; Viewfield Rd; r £70; hMar-Oct; p W) A great location, with views across the bay, and unstinting hospitality make this modern B&B, a half-mile south of the town centre, a good choice. Peinmore HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612574; www.peinmorehouse.co.uk; r £135-145; p W) Signposted off the main road about 2 miles south of Portree, this former manse has been cleverly converted into a guest house that is more stylish and luxurious than most hotels. The bedrooms and bathrooms are huge (one bathroom has an armchair in it!), as is the choice of breakfast (kippers and smoked haddock on the menu), and there are panoramic views to the Old Man of Storr. 5Eating Café ArribaCAFE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-611830; www.cafearriba.co.uk; Quay Brae; mains £5-10; h7am-6pm daily May-Sep, 8am-5pm Thu-Sat Oct-Apr; v) S Arriba is a funky little cafe, brightly decked out in primary colours and offering delicious flatbread melts (bacon, leek and cheese is our favourite) as well as the best choice of vegetarian grub on the island, ranging from a veggie breakfast fry-up to falafel wraps with hummus and chilli sauce. Also serves excellent coffee. oHarbour View Seafood RestaurantSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612069; www.harbourviewskye.co.uk; 7 Bosville Tce; mains £14-19; hnoon-3pm & 5.30-11pm Tue-Sun) S The Harbour View is Portree's most congenial place to eat. It has a homely dining room with a log fire in winter, books on the mantelpiece and bric-a-brac on the shelves. And on the table, superb Scottish seafood such as fresh Skye oysters, seafood chowder, king scallops, langoustines and lobster. Sea BreezesSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-612016; www.seabreezes-skye.co.uk; 2 Marine Buildings, Quay St; mains £12-20; hnoon-2pm & 5-9.30pm Apr-Oct) S Sea Breezes is an informal, no-frills restaurant specialising in local fish and shellfish fresh from the boat – try the impressive seafood platter, a small mountain of langoustines, crab, oysters and lobster (£48 for two). Book early, as it's often hard to get a table. 8Getting There & Around Bus The main bus stop is in Somerled Sq. There are six Scottish Citylink buses every day from Kyle of Lochalsh to Portree (£6.50, one hour) continuing to Uig. Local buses (mostly six to eight Monday to Saturday, three on Sunday) run from Portree to: A **Armadale** (£6.80, 1¼ hours) connecting with the ferry to Mallaig A **Broadford** (£5.20, 40 minutes) A **Dunvegan Castle** (£4.65, 40 minutes, one daily) There are also three buses a day on a circular route around Trotternish (in both directions), taking in Flodigarry (£4.65, 45 minutes), Kilmuir (£4.65, 45 minutes) and Uig (£3.50, 30 minutes). Bike Island CyclesBICYCLE RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-613121; www.islandcycles-skye.co.uk; The Green; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat) You can hire bikes here for £8.50/15 per half/full day. ### Dunvegan (Dun Bheagain) & Around Skye's most famous historic building, and one of its most popular tourist attractions, is Dunvegan Castle ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01470-521206; www.dunvegancastle.com; adult/child £10/7; h10am-5.30pm Apr–mid-Oct; p), seat of the chief of Clan MacLeod. It has played host to Samuel Johnson, Sir Walter Scott and, most famously, Flora MacDonald. The oldest parts are the 14th-century keep and dungeon, but most of it dates from the 17th to 19th centuries. There are some interesting artefacts, most famous being the **Fairy Flag** , a diaphanous silk banner that dates from some time between the 4th and 7th centuries. ### FLORA MACDONALD Flora MacDonald, who became famous for helping Bonnie Prince Charlie escape after his defeat at the Battle of Culloden, was born in 1722 at Milton in South Uist, where a memorial cairn marks the site of one of her early childhood homes. In 1746, she helped Bonnie Prince Charlie make his way from Benbecula to Skye disguised as her Irish maidservant. With a price on the prince's head, their little boat was fired on, but they managed to land safely and Flora escorted the prince to Portree where he gave her a gold locket containing his portrait before setting sail for Raasay. Waylaid on the way home, the boatmen admitted everything. Flora was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London. She never saw or heard from the prince again. In 1747, she returned to Skye, marrying Allan MacDonald and having nine children. Dr Samuel Johnson stayed with her in 1773 during his trip to the Western Isles, but later poverty forced her family to emigrate to North Carolina. There her husband was captured by rebels. Flora returned to Kingsburgh on Skye where she died in 1790. She was buried in Kilmuir churchyard, wrapped in the sheet on which both Bonnie Prince Charlie and Dr Johnson had slept. 4Sleeping & Eating oRed Roof CaféCAFE ( %01470-511766; www.redroofskye.co.uk; Glendale; mains £6-9; h11am-5pm Sun-Fri Apr-Oct; p c) S Tucked away up a glen, a mile off the main road, this restored 250-year-old byre is a wee haven of home-grown grub. As well as great coffee and cake, there are lunch platters (noon to 3pm) of Skye seafood, game or cheese served with salad leaves and edible flowers grown just along the road. oThree ChimneysMODERN SCOTTISH ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01470-511258; www.threechimneys.co.uk; Colbost; 3-course lunch/dinner £37/60; h12.15-1.45pm Mon-Sat mid-MarOct, plus Sun Easter-Sep, 6.15-9pm daily year-round; p) S Halfway between Dunvegan and Waterstein, the Three Chimneys is a superb romantic retreat combining a gourmet restaurant in a candlelit crofter's cottage with sumptuous five-star rooms (double £345) in the modern house next door. Book well in advance, and note that children are not welcome in the restaurant in the evenings. ### Trotternish The Trotternish Peninsula to the north of Portree has some of Skye's most beautiful – and bizarre – scenery. On the eastern coast, the 50m-high, potbellied pinnacle of crumbling basalt known as the **Old Man of Storr** , is prominent above the road 6 miles north of Portree. North again is spectacular **Kilt Rock** , a stupendous cliff of columnar basalt whose vertical ribbing is fancifully compared to the pleats of a kilt, and the Quiraing, an impressive land-slipped escarpment bristling with crags and pinnacles. On the western side of the peninsula, the peat-reek of crofting life in the 18th and 19th centuries is preserved in thatched cottages at Skye Museum of Island Life ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01470-552206; www.skyemuseum.co.uk; adult/child £2.50/50p; h9.30am-5pm Mon-Sat Easter-Oct; p). Behind the museum is Kilmuir Cemetery, where a tall Celtic cross marks the grave of Flora MacDonald. Whichever way you arrive at **Uig** (oo-ig), the picture-perfect bay, ringed by steep hills, rarely fails to impress. There's a cluster of B&Bs. 4Sleeping & Eating Dun Flodigarry HostelHOSTEL ( %01470-552212; www.hostelflodigarry.co.uk; Flodigarry; dm/tw £18/40, tent sites per person £9; p i W) A bright and welcoming hostel that enjoys a stunning location above the sea, with views across Raasay to the mainland mountains. A nearby hiking trail leads to the Quiraing (2.5 miles away), and there's a hotel bar barely 100m from the door. You can also camp nearby and use all the hostel facilities. Flodigarry HotelHOTEL ( %01470-552203; www.hotelintheskye.co.uk; Flodigarry; r £130-250; p W) From 1751 to 1759 Flora MacDonald lived in a cottage that is now part of this atmospheric hotel, given a new lease of life by adventurous new owners. You can stay in the cottage itself (there are four bedrooms here), or in the more spacious rooms in the main hotel; nonresidents are welcome at the stylish bar and restaurant, with great views over the sea. ### Isle Of Raasay Population 200 **Raasay** (www.raasay.com) is the rugged, 10-mile-long island that lies off Skye's east coast. There are several good walks here, including one to the flat-topped conical hill of **Dun Caan** (443m), and another to the extraordinary ruin of **Brochel Castle** , perched on a pinnacle at the northern end of Raasay. Beautifully renovated Raasay House ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01478-660266; www.raasay-house.co.uk; dm £25, s/d £105/125; p W) provides outdoor-activity courses, and accommodation ranging from hostel bunks to luxury B&B. It also has the island's only bar and restaurant (mains £12 to £20), serving quality pub grub and locally brewed beers. A CalMac ferry (www.calmac.co.uk; return passenger/car £6.45/24.80) runs from Sconser, on the road from Portree to Broadford, to Raasay (25 minutes, nine daily Monday to Saturday, twice daily Sunday). There are no petrol stations on the island. ## Outer Hebrides Population 27,700 The Outer Hebrides – also known as the Western Isles, or Na h-Eileanan an Iar in Gaelic – are a 130-mile-long string of islands lying off the northwest coast of Scotland. There are 119 islands in total, of which the five main inhabited islands are: Lewis and Harris (two parts of a single island, although often described as if they are separate islands), North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist and Barra. The middle three (often referred to simply as 'the Uists') are connected by road-bearing causeways. The ferry crossing from Ullapool or Uig to the Western Isles marks an important cultural divide – more than a third of Scotland's registered crofts are in the Outer Hebrides, and no less than 60% of the population are Gaelic speakers. The rigours of life in the old island blackhouses are still within living memory. The name Hebrides is likely a corruption of the Roman name for the islands. But the alternative derivation from the Norse _havbredey_ ('isles at the edge of the sea') has a much more poetic ring, alluding to the broad vistas of sky and sea that characterise the islands' often bleak and treeless landscapes. But there is beauty here too, in the machair (grassy, wildflower-speckled dunes) and dazzling white-sand beaches, majesty in the rugged hills and sprawling lochs, and mystery in the islands' fascinating past. It's a past signalled by Neolithic standing stones, Viking place names, deserted crofts and folk memories of the Clearances. ### KEEPING THE SABBATH The Protestants of the Outer Hebrides have succeeded in maintaining a distinctive fundamentalist approach to their religion, with Sunday being devoted largely to religious services, prayer and Bible reading. On Lewis and Harris, the last bastion of Sabbath observance in the UK, almost everything closes down on a Sunday. In fact, Stornoway must be the only place in the UK to suffer a Sunday rush hour as people drive to church around 10.30am; it's then a ghost town for an hour and a half until the services are over. But a few cracks have begun to appear. There was outrage when British Airways/Loganair introduced Sunday flights to Stornoway in 2002, with members of the Lord's Day Observance Society spluttering that this was the thin end of the wedge. They were probably right – in 2003 a Stornoway petrol station began to open on a Sunday, and now does a roaring trade in Sunday papers and takeaway booze. Then in 2006, CalMac ferries between Leverburgh and Berneray began operating on Sundays, followed in 2009 by the Ullapool to Stornoway crossing, despite strong opposition from the residents (ironically, they were unable to protest at the ferries' arrival, as that would have meant breaking the Sabbath). 8Information Castlebay Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01871-810336; Main St, Castlebay; h9am-1pm & 2-5pm Mon-Sat & noon-4pm Sun Apr-Oct) Lochboisdale Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01878-700286; Pier Rd, Lochboisdale, South Uist; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct) Stornoway Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-703088; www.visithebrides.com; 26 Cromwell St, Stornoway; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat year-round) Tarbert Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( %01859-502011; Pier Rd, Tarbert; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Oct) 8Getting There & Away Air There are airports at Stornoway (Lewis), Benbecula and Barra. Flights operate to Stornoway from Edinburgh, Inverness, Glasgow and Aberdeen. There are also two flights a day (Tuesday to Thursday only) between Stornoway and Benbecula. There are daily flights from Glasgow to Barra, from Tuesday to Thursday only to Benbecula. At Barra, the planes land on the hard-sand beach at low tide, so the timetable depends on the tides. FlyBe/Loganair AIRLINE ( %01857-873457; www.loganair.co.uk) Eastern AirwaysAIRLINE ( %0870 366 9100; www.easternairways.com) Boat Standard one-way fares on CalMac ( %0800 066 5000; www.calmac.co.uk) ferries: There are two or three ferries a day to Stornoway, one or two a day to Tarbert and Lochmaddy, and one a day to Castlebay and Lochboisdale.You can also take the ferry from Lochboisdale to Castlebay (car/passenger £22.90/7.95, 1½ hours, one daily Monday, Tuesday and Thursday) and from Castlebay to Lochboisdale (one daily Wednesday, Friday and Sunday). Advance booking for cars is recommended (essential in July and August); foot and bicycle passengers should have no problems. Bicycles are carried free. 8Getting Around Despite their separate names, Lewis and Harris are actually one island. Berneray, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist and Eriskay are all linked by road bridges and causeways. There are car ferries between Leverburgh (Harris) and Berneray; Tarbert (Harris) and Lochmaddy (North Uist); Eriskay and Castlebay (Barra); and Lochboisdale (South Uist) and Castlebay (Barra). The local council publishes timetables of all bus and ferry services within the Outer Hebrides, available at tourist offices. Timetables can also be found online at www.cne-siar.gov.uk/travel. Bicycle The wind is often strong, so south to north is usually the easier direction. Bikes can be hired for around £15 a day or £60 to £80 a week in Stornoway (Lewis), Leverburgh (Harris), Howmore (South Uist) and Castlebay (Barra). Bus The bus network covers almost every village in the islands, with around four to six buses a day on all the main routes; however, there are no buses at all on Sunday. Car & Motorcycle Cars can be hired from around £35 per day. One option: Lewis Car RentalsCAR RENTAL ( %01851-703760; www.lewis-car-rental.co.uk; 52 Bayhead St, Stornoway; h8am-5pm Mon-Sat) ### Lewis (Leodhais) Population 21,000 (includes Harris) The northern part of Lewis is dominated by the desolate expanse of the Black Moor, a vast, undulating peat bog dimpled with glittering lochans, seen clearly from the Stornoway–Barvas road. But Lewis' finest scenery is on the west coast, from Barvas southwest to Mealista, where the rugged landscape of hill, loch and sandy strand is reminiscent of the northwestern Highlands. The Outer Hebrides' most evocative historic sites – Callanish Standing Stones, Dun Carloway and Arnol Blackhouse Museum – are also to be found here. ### FOR PEAT'S SAKE In the Outer Hebrides, where trees are few and far between and coal is absent, peat has been the main source of domestic fuel for many centuries. Although oil-fired central heating is now the norm, many houses have held on to their peat fires for nostalgia's sake. Peat in its raw state is extremely wet and can take a couple of months to dry out. It is cut from roadside bogs, where the cuttings are at least a metre deep. Rectangular blocks of peat are cut using a long-handled tool called a _tairsgeir_ (peat-iron) and carefully assembled into a _cruach-mhonach_ (peat stack), each balanced on top of the other in a grid pattern thus creating maximum air space. Once the peat has dried out it is stored in a shed. Peat burns much more slowly than wood or coal and produces a not unpleasant smell, but in the old blackhouses (which had no chimney) it permeated every corner of the dwelling, not to mention the inhabitants' clothes and hair, hence the expression 'peat-reek' – the ever-present smell of peat smoke that was long associated with island life. #### Stornoway (Steornabhagh) Population 5700 Stornoway is the bustling 'capital' of the Outer Hebrides and the only real town in the whole archipelago. It's a surprisingly busy little place, with cars and people swamping the centre on weekdays. Though set on a beautiful natural harbour, the town isn't going to win any prizes for beauty or atmosphere, but it's a pleasant enough introduction to this remote corner of the country. 1Sights Lews CastleCASTLE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) The Baronial mansion across the harbour from Stornoway town centre was built in the 1840s for the Matheson family, then owners of Lewis; it was gifted to the community by Lord Leverhulme in 1923. A major redevelopment sees the new **Museum nan Eilean** (Museum of the Isles) opening here from summer 2015, covering the history of the Outer Hebrides and exploring traditional island life. The beautiful **wooded grounds** , criss-crossed with walking trails, are open to the public and host the Hebridean Celtic Festival in July. An Lanntair Arts CentreARTS CENTRE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-703307; www.lanntair.com; Kenneth St; h10am-9pm Mon-Wed, to 10pm Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat) F The modern, purpose-built An Lanntair (Gaelic for 'lighthouse'), complete with art gallery, theatre, cinema and restaurant, is the centre of the town's cultural life; it hosts changing exhibitions of contemporary art and is a good source of information on cultural events. zFestivals Hebridean Celtic FestivalMUSIC (www.hebceltfest.com) A four-day extravaganza of folk, rock and Celtic music held in the second half of July. 4Sleeping Heb HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-709889; www.hebhostel.co.uk; 25 Kenneth St; dm £18; i W) The Heb is a friendly, easy-going hostel close to the ferry, with comfy wooden bunks, a convivial living room with peat fire and a welcoming owner who can provide all kinds of advice on what to do and where to go. Hal o' the WyndB&B ( %01851-706073; www.halothewynd.com; 2 Newton St; s/d from £60/80; W) Touches of tartan and Harris Tweed lend a tradtional air to this welcoming B&B, conveniently located directly opposite the ferry pier. Most rooms have views over the harbour to Lews Castle. There's also a cafe on the premises. Park Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-702485; www.theparkguesthouse.co.uk; 30 James St; s/d from £58/110; i W) A charming Victorian villa with a conservatory and eight luxurious rooms (mostly en suite), the Park Guest House is comfortable and central and has the advantage of an excellent **restaurant** specialising in Scottish seafood, beef and game plus one or two vegetarian dishes (3-course dinner £30). Rooms overlooking the main road can be noisy on weekday mornings. Braighe HouseB&B ( %01851-705287; www.braighehouse.co.uk; 20 Braighe Rd; s/d from £115/130; p) This spacious and luxurious guest house, 3 miles east of the town centre on the A866, has stylish, modern bedrooms and a great seafront location. Good bathrooms with powerful showers, hearty breakfasts and genuinely hospitable owners round off the perfect package. 5Eating Most restaurants in Stornoway close on Sunday, but a couple of options ensure you won't starve. Thai CaféTHAI ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-701811; www.thai-cafe-stornoway.co.uk; 27 Church St; mains £5-10; hnoon-2.30pm & 5.30-11pm Mon-Sat; W) Here's a surprise – authentic, inexpensive Thai food in the heart of Stornoway. This spick-and-span, no-frills restaurant has a genuine Thai chef and serves some of the most delicious, best-value Asian food in the Hebrides. If you can't get a table, it does takeaway. oDigby ChickBISTRO ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-700026; www.digbychick.co.uk; 5 Bank St; mains £17-25, 2-course lunch £13.50; hnoon-2pm & 5.30-9pm Mon-Sat; c) S A modern restaurant that dishes up bistro cuisine such as haddock and chips, slow-roast pork belly or roast vegetable panini at lunchtime, the Digby Chick metamorphoses into a candlelit gourmet restaurant in the evening, serving dishes such as grilled langoustines, seared scallops, venison and steak. The three-course early-bird menu (5.30pm to 6.30pm) costs £19. 7Shopping Sandwick Rd Petrol StationFOOD & DRINK (Engebret Ltd; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01851-702304; Sandwick Rd; h6am-11pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) The only shop in town that's open on a Sunday, selling groceries, alcohol, hardware, fishing tackle and outdoor kit; the Sunday papers arrive around 2pm. 8Getting There & Around The bus station is on the waterfront, next to the ferry terminal (left luggage desk, £1.50 per piece). Bus W10 runs from Stornoway to Tarbert (£4.40, one hour, four or five daily Monday to Saturday) and Leverburgh (£6.20, two hours). The Westside Circular bus W2 runs a circular route from Stornoway through Callanish (£2.50, 30 minutes), Carloway, Garenin and Arnol; the timetable means you can visit one or two of the sites in a day. #### Arnol One of Scotland's most evocative historic buildings, the Arnol Blackhouse (HS; %01851-710395; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar; p) is not so much a museum as a perfectly preserved fragment of a lost world. Built in 1885, this traditional blackhouse – a combined byre, barn and home – was inhabited until 1964 and has not been changed since the last inhabitant moved out. The staff faithfully rekindle the central peat fire every morning so you can experience the distinctive peat-reek; there's no chimney, and the smoke finds its own way out through the turf roof, windows and door – spend too long inside and you might feel like you've been kippered! The museum is just off the A858, about 3 miles west of Barvas. #### Garenin (Na Gearrannan) The picturesque and fascinating **Gearrannan Blackhouse Village** is a cluster of nine restored thatch-roofed blackhouses perched above the exposed Atlantic coast. One of the cottages is home to the Blackhouse Museum ( %01851-643416; www.gearrannan.com; adult/child £3/1; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep), a traditional 1955 blackhouse with displays on the village's history, while another houses the Taigh an Chocair Cafe (mains £3-6; h9.30am-5.30pm Mon-Sat). The other blackhouses in the village are let out as self-catering holiday cottages ( %01851-643416; www.gearrannan.com; 2-person cottage for 3 nights £226), offering the chance to stay in a unique and luxurious modernised blackhouse with attached kitchen and lounge. There's a minimum five-night stay from June to August. #### Carloway (Carlabagh) **Dun Carloway** (Dun Charlabhaigh) is a 2000-year-old, dry-stone broch, perched defiantly above a beautiful loch with views to the mountains of North Harris. The site is clearly signposted along a minor road off the A858, a mile southwest of Carloway village. One of the best-preserved brochs in Scotland, its double walls (with internal staircase) still stand to a height of 9m and testify to the engineering skills of its Iron Age architects. The tiny, turf-roofed Doune Broch Centre ( %01851-643338; admission free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Apr-Sep) nearby has interpretative displays and exhibitions about the history of the broch and the life of the people who lived there. #### Callanish (Calanais) The **Callanish Standing Stones** , 15 miles west of Stornoway on the A858 road, form one of the most complete stone circles in Britain. It is one of the most atmospheric prehistoric sites anywhere; its ageless mystery, impressive scale and undeniable beauty leave a lasting impression. Sited on a wild and secluded promontory overlooking Loch Roag, 13 large stones of beautifully banded gneiss are arranged, as if in worship, around a 4.5m-tall central monolith. Some 40 smaller stones radiate from the circle in the shape of a cross, with the remains of a chambered tomb at the centre. Dating from 3800 to 5000 years ago, the stones are roughly contemporary with the pyramids of Egypt. The nearby Calanais Visitor Centre ( %01851-621422; www.callanishvisitorcentre.co.uk; admission free, exhibition £2.50; h9.30am-8pm Mon-Sat Jun-Aug, 10am-6pm Mon-Sat Apr, May, Sep & Oct, 10am-4pm Tue-Sat Nov-Mar; p) is a tour de force of discreet design. Inside is a small exhibition that speculates on the origins and purpose of the stones, and an excellent cafe (mains £4-7). If you plan to stay the night, you have a choice of Eshcol Guest House ( %01851-621357; www.eshcol.com; 21 Breascleit; r per person £43; p) and neighbouring Loch Roag Guest House ( %01851-621357; www.lochroag.com; 22a Breascleit; r per person £39-55; p W), half a mile north of Callanish. Both are modern bungalows with the same friendly owner, who is very knowledgeable about the local area (evening meals available). ### Harris (Na Hearadh) Harris, to the south of Lewis, is the scenic jewel in the necklace of islands that comprise the Outer Hebrides. It has a spectacular blend of rugged mountains, pristine beaches, flower-speckled machair and barren rocky landscapes. The isthmus at Tarbert splits Harris neatly in two: North Harris is dominated by mountains that rise forbiddingly above the peat moors to the south of Stornoway – Clisham (799m) is the highest point. South Harris is lower-lying, fringed by beautiful white-sand beaches in the west and a convoluted rocky coastline to the east. Harris is famous for **Harris tweed** , a high-quality woollen cloth still hand-woven in islanders' homes. The industry employs around 400 weavers; staff at Tarbert tourist office can tell you about weavers and workshops you can visit. #### Tarbert (An Tairbeart) Population 480 Tarbert is a harbour village with a spectacular location, tucked into the narrow neck of land that links North and South Harris. It has ferry connections to Uig on Skye. Under construction at the time of research, **Isle of Harris Distillery** will be open to visitors daily (except Sunday) from spring 2015. Village facilities include two petrol stations, a bank, an ATM and two general stores. 4Sleeping & Eating Tigh na MaraB&B ( %01859-502270; East Tarbert; per person £25-30; p) Excellent-value B&B (though the single room is a bit cramped) just five minutes from the ferry – go up the hill above the tourist office and turn right. The owner bakes fresh cakes every day, which you can enjoy in the conservatory with a view over the bay. Harris HotelHOTEL ( %01859-502154; www.harrishotel.com; s/d from £70/98; p i W) Run since 1903 by four generations of the Cameron family, Harris Hotel is a 19th-century sporting hotel, built in 1865 for visiting anglers and deer stalkers, and retains a distinctly old-fashioned atmosphere. It has spacious, comfy rooms and a decent restaurant; look out for JM Barrie's initials scratched on the dining-room window (the author of _Peter Pan_ visited in the 1920s). #### South Harris The west coast of South Harris has some of the most beautiful beaches in Scotland. The blinding white sands and turquoise waters of **Luskentyre** and **Scarasta** would be major holiday resorts if they were transported to somewhere with a warm climate; as it is, they're usually deserted. The **east coast** is a complete contrast – a strange, rocky moonscape of naked gneiss pocked with tiny lochans. 1Sights Clò MòrEXHIBITION ( %01859-511189; Old School, Drinishader; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat; p) F The Campbell family has been making Harris tweed for 90 years, and this exhibition (behind the family shop) celebrates the history of the fabric known in Gaelic as _clò mòr_ (the 'big cloth'); ask about live demonstrations of tweed weaving on the 70-year-old Hattersley loom. Drinishader is 5 miles south of Tarbert on the east coast road. Seallam! Visitor CentreVISITOR CENTRE (www.seallam.com; Northton; adult/child £2.50/2; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat; p) The culture and landscape of the Hebrides are celebrated in the fascinating exhibition at Seallam! Visitor Centre _(Seallam_ is Gaelic for 'Let me show you'). The centre, which is in Northton, 3 miles north of Leverburgh, also has a genealogical research centre for people who want to trace their Hebridean ancestry. 4Sleeping & Eating Am BothanHOSTEL ( %01859-520251; www.ambothan.com; Ferry Rd, Leverburgh; dm £20; p W) An attractive, chalet-style hostel, Am Bothan has small, neat dorms and a great porch where you can enjoy morning coffee with views over the creek. The hostel offers bike hire and can arrange wildlife-watching boat trips. Carminish HouseB&B ( %01859-520400; www.carminish.com; 1a Strond, Leverburgh; s/d £60/80; p W) One of the few B&Bs in Harris that is open all year, the welcoming Carminish is a modern house with three comfy bedrooms. There's a view of the ferry from the dining room, and lots of nice little touches such as handmade soaps, a carafe of drinking water in the bedroom and fresh fruit salad at breakfast. Sorrel CottageB&B ( %01859-520319; www.sorrelcottage.co.uk; 2 Glen, Leverburgh; s/d from £48/72; #) Sorrel Cottage is a pretty crofter's house, about 1.5 miles west of the ferry at Leverburgh. Vegetarians and vegans are happily catered for. Bike hire available. 8Getting There & Around A CalMac car ferry zigzags through the reefs of the Sound of Harris from Leverburgh to Berneray (pedestrian/car £7.35/33.50, one hour, three or four daily Monday to Saturday, two or three Sunday). There are two to four buses a day (except Sunday) from Tarbert to Leverburgh. ### Berneray (Bearnaraigh) Population 140 Berneray was linked to North Uist by a causeway in October 1998, but that hasn't altered the peace and beauty of the island. The **beaches** on its west coast are some of the most beautiful and unspoilt in Britain, and seals and otters can be seen in Bays Loch on the east coast. The basic but atmospheric Gatliff Hostel (www.gatliff.org.uk; dm adult/child £12/7, camping per person £8), housed in a pair of restored blackhouses right by the sea, is the place to stay. You can camp outside, or on the grass above the gorgeous white-sand beach just to the north. Bus W19 runs from Berneray (Gatliff Hostel and Harris ferry) to Lochmaddy (£2.10, 20 to 30 minutes, eight daily Monday to Saturday). There are daily ferries to Leverburgh (Harris). ### North Uist (Uibhist A Tuath) Population 1300 North Uist, an island half-drowned by lochs, is famed for its trout fishing but also has some magnificent beaches on its north and west coasts. For birdwatchers this is an earthly paradise, with regular sightings of waders and wildfowl ranging from redshank to red-throated diver to red-necked phalarope. The landscape is less wild and mountainous than Harris but it has a sleepy, subtle appeal. Little Lochmaddy is the first village you hit after arriving on the ferry from Skye. There's a tourist office, a couple of stores, a bank with an ATM, a petrol station, a post office and a pub. 1Sights & Activities Balranald RSPB ReserveWILDLIFE RESERVE F Birdwatchers flock to this Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) nature reserve, 18 miles west of Lochmaddy, in the hope of spotting the rare red-necked phalarope or hearing the distinctive call of the corncrake. There's a visitor centre (admission free; h9am-6pm Apr-Aug) with a resident warden who offers 1½-hour guided walks (£5, depart visitor centre 10am Tuesday, May to September). 4Sleeping & Eating Rushlee HouseB&B ( %01876-500274; www.rushleehouse.co.uk; Lochmaddy; s/d £50/75; p) A lovely modern bungalow with three luxuriously appointed bedrooms and great views of the hills to the south. No evening meals, but it's just a short walk to the restaurant at Hamersay House. The B&B is 0.75 miles from the ferry pier; take the first road on the right, then first left. Langass Lodge HotelHOTEL ( %01876-580285; www.langasslodge.co.uk; Locheport; s/d from £80/109; p W) The delightful Langass Lodge Hotel is a former shooting lodge set in splendid isolation overlooking Loch Langais. Refurbished and extended, it now offers a dozen appealing rooms, many with sea views, and one of the Hebrides' best restaurants (mains £13-23; hnoon-2pm & 6-9pm), noted for its fine seafood and game. ### Benbecula (Beinn Na Faoghla) Population 1300 Benbecula is a low-lying island with a flat, lochan-studded landscape that's best appreciated from the summit of **Rueval** (124m), the island's highest point. There's a path around the south side of the hill (signposted from the main road; park beside the landfill site) that is said to be the route taken to the coast by Bonnie Prince Charlie and Flora MacDonald during the prince's escape in 1746. The main village, Balivanich, is headquarters for a military missile station on South Uist and has a bank with an ATM, a post office, a large Co-op supermarket ( h8am-8pm Mon-Sat, 11am-6pm Sun) and a petrol station (open on Sunday). ### South Uist (Uibhist A Deas) Population 1800 South Uist is the second-largest island in the Outer Hebrides and saves its choicest corners for those who explore away from the main north–south road. The low-lying west coast is an almost unbroken stretch of white-sand beach and flower-flecked machair – a waymarked hiking trail, the **Machair Way** , follows the coast – while the multitude of inland lochs provide excellent trout fishing. The east coast, riven by four large sea lochs, is hilly and remote, with spectacular **Beinn Mhor** (620m) the highest point. Driving south from Benbecula you cross from the predominantly Protestant northern half of the Outer Hebrides into the mostly Roman Catholic south, a religious transition marked by the granite statue of **Our Lady of the Isles** on the slopes of Rueval (the hill with the military radomes on its summit) and the presence of many roadside shrines. The ferry port of **Lochboisdale** is the island's largest settlement, with a tourist office, a bank with an ATM, a grocery store and a petrol station. 1Sights & Activities Loch Druidibeg National Nature ReserveWILDLIFE RESERVE F The northern part of North Uist is mostly occupied by the watery expanses of Loch Bee and Loch Druidibeg. Loch Druidibeg National Nature Reserve is an important breeding ground for birds such as dunlin, redshank, ringed plover, greylag goose and corncrake; you can take a 5-mile self-guided walk through the reserve. Ask for details at the Scottish Natural Heritage office on the main road beside the loch. Kildonan MuseumMUSEUM ( %01878-710343; www.kildonanmuseum.co.uk; Kildonan; adult/child £2/free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct; p) Six miles north of Lochboisdale, Kildonan Museum explores the lives of local crofters through its collection of artefacts, an absorbing exhibition of black-and-white photography and first-hand accounts of harsh Hebridean conditions. There's also an excellent tearoom (mains £3-8; h11am-4pm) and craft shop. Amid Milton's ruined blackhouses, half a mile south of the museum, a cairn marks the site of **Flora MacDonald's birthplace**. 4Sleeping & Eating Tobha Mor Crofters' HostelHOSTEL (www.gatliff.org.uk; Howmore; dm adult/child £12/7) Atmospheric hostel housed in a restored thatched blackhouse, about 12 miles north of Lochboisdale. oPolochar InnINN ( %01878-700215; www.polocharinn.com; Polochar; s/d from £70/90; p W) This 18th-century inn has been transformed into a stylish, welcoming hotel with a stunning location looking out across the sea to Barra. The excellent restaurant and bar menu (mains £14 to £18) includes fish chowder, haddock and chips, local salmon and Uist lamb. Polochar is 7 miles southwest of Lochboisdale, on the way to Eriskay. ### Eriskay (Eiriosgaigh) Population 140 In 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie first set foot in Scotland on the west coast of Eriskay, on the sandy beach (immediately north of the ferry terminal) still known as **Prince's Strand** (Coilleag a'Phrionnsa). More recently the SS _Politician_ sank just off the island in 1941. The islanders salvaged much of its cargo of around 250,000 bottles of whisky and, after a binge of dramatic proportions, the police intervened and a number of the islanders landed in jail. The story was immortalised by Sir Compton Mackenzie in his comic novel _Whisky Galore,_ later made into a famous film. A **car ferry** links Eriskay with Ardmhor at the northern end of Barra. ### Barra (Barraigh) Population 1200 With its beautiful **beaches** , wildflower-clad dunes, rugged little hills and strong sense of community, diminutive Barra – just 14 miles in circumference – is the Outer Hebrides in miniature. For a great view of the island, walk up to the top of **Heaval** (383m), a mile northeast of Castlebay. **Castlebay** (Bagh a'Chaisteil), in the south, is the largest village. There's a tourist office, a bank with an ATM, a post office and two grocery stores. 1Sights & Activities Kisimul CastleCASTLE (HS; %01871-810313; Castlebay; adult/child incl ferry £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep) Castlebay takes its name from the island fortress of Kisimul Castle, first built by the MacNeil clan in the 11th century. A short boat trip (weather permitting) takes you out to the island, where you can explore the fortifications and soak up the view from the battlements. The castle was restored in the 20th century by American architect Robert MacNeil, who became the 45th clan chief; he gifted the castle to Historic Scotland in 2000 for an annual rent of £1 and a bottle of whisky (Talisker single malt, if you're interested). 4Sleeping & Eating Wild camping (on foot or by bike) is allowed almost anywhere. Dunard HostelHOSTEL ( %01871-810443; www.dunardhostel.co.uk; Castlebay; dm/tw from £18/40; p) Dunard is a friendly, family-run hostel just five minutes' walk from the ferry terminal. The owners can organise sea-kayaking tours for £35/65 a half/full day. Castlebay HotelHOTEL ( %01871-810223; www.castlebayhotel.com; Castlebay; s/d from £65/110; p W) The Castlebay Hotel offers spacious bedrooms decorated with a subtle tartan motif – it's worth paying a bit extra for a sea view – and there's a comfy lounge and conservatory with grand views across the harbour to the islands south of Barra. The hotel bar is the hub of island social life, with regular sessions of traditional music, and the restaurant specialises in local seafood and game (rabbit is often on the menu). 8Getting There & Around There are two daily flights from Glasgow to Barra airport, whose runway is the beach. A CalMac car ferry (pedestrian/car £8/22.90, 40 minutes, three to five daily) links Eriskay with Ardmhor at the northern end of Barra. Ferries also run from Castlebay to Oban and Lochboisdale. A bus service links ferry arrivals and departures at Ardmhor with Castlebay (£1.60, 20 minutes). Bus W32 makes a circuit of the island up to five times daily (not Sunday), and also connects with flights. Barra Cycle HireBICYCLE RENTAL ( %01871-810284; Castlebay; per day £12) ## Orkney There's a magic to Orkney that you begin to feel as soon as the Scottish mainland slips astern. An archipelago of mostly flat, green-topped islands stripped bare of trees and ringed with red sandstone cliffs, its heritage dates back to the Vikings whose influence is still strong today. Famed for ancient standing stones and prehistoric villages, for sublime sandy beaches and spectacular coastal scenery, it's a region whose ports tell of lives shared with the blessings and rough moods of the sea, and a destination where seekers can find melancholy wrecks of warships and the salty clamour of remote seabird colonies. TTours Wildabout OrkneyGUIDED TOUR ( %01856-877737; www.wildaboutorkney.com) Operates tours covering Orkney's history, ecology, folklore and wildlife. Day trips operate year-round and cost £59, with pick-ups in Stromness and Kirkwall. John O'Groats FerriesBUS TOUR ( %01955-611353; www.jogferry.co.uk; hMay-Sep) For the hurried; runs a one-day tour of the main sites for £58, including the ferry from John O'Groats. You can do the whole thing as a long day trip from Inverness. 8Getting There & Away Air Flybe ( %0871 700 2000; www.flybe.com) flies daily from Kirkwall to Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness and Sumburgh (Shetland). Most summers it also serves Bergen (Norway). Boat During summer, book ahead for car spaces. Peak season fares are quoted here. From Scrabster, Shetland & Aberdeen Northlink Ferries ( %0845 6000 449; www.northlinkferries.co.uk) operates ferries from Scrabster to Stromness (passenger/car £19.15/58, 1½ hours, two to three daily), from Aberdeen to Kirkwall (passenger/car £31/110, six hours, three or four weekly) and from Kirkwall to Lerwick (passenger/car £24.30/101, six to eight hours, three or four weekly) on Shetland. Fares are up to 30% lower off-season. From Gills Bay Pentland Ferries ( %01856-831226, 0800 688-8998; www.pentlandferries.co.uk; adult/child/car/bike £15/7/35/free) leave from Gills Bay, 3 miles west of John O'Groats, and head to St Margaret's Hope on South Ronaldsay three to four times daily. From John O'Groats From May to September, John O'Groats Ferries ( %01955-611353; www.jogferry.co.uk; single £15, incl bus to Kirkwall £17; hMay-Sep) operates a passenger-only service from John O'Groats to Burwick, on the southern tip of South Ronaldsay. A bus to Kirkwall meets the ferry. There are two to three departures daily. Bus John O'Groats Ferries has summer-only 'Orkney bus' service from Inverness to Kirkwall. Tickets (one way/return £40/55, five hours) include bus–ferry–bus travel from Inverness to Kirkwall. There are two daily from June to August. 8Getting Around The _Orkney Transport Guide_ details all island transport and is free from tourist offices. The largest island, Mainland, is linked by causeways to four southern islands; others are reached by air and ferry. Air Loganair ( %01856-873457; www.loganair.co.uk) operates interisland flights from Kirkwall. Bicycle Various locations on Mainland hire bikes, including Cycle Orkney ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-875777; www.cycleorkney.com; Tankerness Lane, Kirkwall; per day/3 days/wk £15/30/60; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) and Orkney Cycle Hire ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850255; www.orkneycyclehire.co.uk; 54 Dundas St, Stromness; per day £10-12.50). Both offer out-of-hours pick-ups. Boat Orkney Ferries ( %01856-872044; www.orkneyferries.co.uk) operates car ferries from Mainland to the islands. See individual islands for details. An Island Explorer pass costs £42 for a week's passenger travel. Bikes are carried free. Bus StagecoachBUS ( %01856-878014; www.stagecoachbus.com) Runs buses on Mainland and connecting islands. Most don't operate on Sunday. Dayrider (£8.30) and 7-Day Megarider (£18.55) tickets allow unlimited travel. Car Small-car rates begin at around £35/190 per day/week, although there are specials for as low as £30 per day. Orkney Car HireCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-872866; www.orkneycarhire.co.uk; Junction Rd, Kirkwall) Recommended. Close to Kirkwall bus station. WR TullockCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-875500; www.orkneycarrental.co.uk; Castle St, Kirkwall) Opposite Kirkwall bus station. ### Kirkwall Population 7000 Orkney's capital is a bustling market town on a wide bay. Kirkwall's long, winding, paved main street and twisting wynds (lanes) are very atmospheric, and the town has a magnificent cathedral. Founded in the early 11th century, when Earl Rognvald Brusson established his kingdom here, the original part of Kirkwall is one of the best examples of an ancient Norse town. Kirkwall 1Top Sights 1St Magnus CathedralC4 1Sights 2Earl's Palace & Bishop's PalaceC4 3Orkney MuseumB4 2Activities, Courses & Tours 4Cycle OrkneyB4 4Sleeping 52 Dundas CrescentD4 6Albert HotelC2 7Kirkwall Peedie HostelB2 5Eating 8Helgi'sC2 9Judith Glue Real Food CafeB3 10ReelC3 11ShoreC2 7Shopping 12LongshipB3 1Sights oSt Magnus CathedralCATHEDRAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-874894; www.stmagnus.org; Broad St; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 1-6pm Sun Apr-Sep, 9am-1pm & 2-5pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) F Constructed from local red sandstone, Kirkwall's centrepiece, dating from the early 12th century, is among Scotland's most interesting cathedrals. The powerful atmosphere of an ancient faith pervades the impressive interior. Lyrical and melodramatic epitaphs of the dead line the walls and emphasise the serious business of 17th- and 18th-century bereavement. Tours of the upper level (£7.25) run on Tuesdays and Thursdays; phone to book. Earl's Palace & Bishop's PalaceRUINS (HS; MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-871918; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; Watergate; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct) These two adjacent ruined palaces are worth poking around. The more intriguing, the **Earl's Palace** , was once known as the finest example of French Renaissance architecture in Scotland. One room features an interesting history of its builder, Earl Patrick Stewart, executed in Edinburgh for treason. He started construction in about 1600, but ran out of money and never completed it. The **Bishop's Palace** was built in the mid-12th century for Bishop William the Old. There's a good cathedral view from the tower. Orkney MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-873191; www.orkney.gov.uk; Broad St; h10.30am-12.30pm & 1.30-5pm Mon-Sat) F In a former merchant's house, this labyrinthine display has an overview of Orcadian history and prehistory, including Pictish carvings and a display on the Ba'. Most engaging are the last rooms, covering 19th- and 20th-century social history. Note, the museum is open 10.30am to 5.30pm in summer. oHighland Park DistilleryDISTILLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-874619; www.highlandpark.co.uk; Holm Rd; tour adult/child £7.50/free; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat & noon-5pm Sun May-Aug, 10am-5pm Mon-Fri Apr & Sep, 1-5pm Mon-Fri Oct-Mar) South of the centre, this distillery is great to visit. They malt their own barley; you can see it and the peat kiln used to dry it on the excellent, well-informed hour-long tour. The standard 12-year-old is a soft, balanced malt, great for novices and aficionados alike; the 18-year-old is among the world's finest drams. This and older whiskies can be tasted on more specialised tours (£20 to £75), which you can prearrange. zFestivals & Events St Magnus FestivalARTS, MUSIC ( %01856-871445; www.stmagnusfestival.com) A colourful celebration of music and the arts in late June. ### THE BA' Every Christmas Day and New Year's Day, Kirkwall holds a staggering spectacle: a crazy ball game known as the Ba'. Two enormous teams, the Uppies and the Doonies, fight their way, no holds barred, through the streets, trying to get a leather ball to the other end of town. Violence, skulduggery and other stunts are common and the event, fuelled by plenty of strong drink, can last hours. 4Sleeping Orcades HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-873745; www.orcadeshostel.com; Muddisdale Rd; dm/s/d £20/40/52; p i W) Book ahead to get a bed in this cracking hostel on the western edge of town. It's a guesthouse conversion so there's a very smart kitchen and lounge, and great-value doubles. Comfortable dorms with just four bunks make for sound sleeping; young, enthusiastic owners give the place spark. Kirkwall Peedie HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-875477; www.kirkwallpeediehostel.com; Ayre Rd; dm/s/d £15/20/30; p W) Nestling into a corner at the end of the Kirkwall waterfront, this cute hostel set in former fisherfolk's cottages squeezes in all the necessary features for a comfortable stay. Despite the compact appearance, the dorms actually have plenty of room – and there are three tiny kitchens so you should find some elbow room. A separate 'bothy' sleeps four. 2 Dundas CrescentB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-874805; www.twodundas.co.uk; 2 Dundas Cres; s/d £40/75; p W) This former manse is a magnificent building with four enormous rooms blessed with large windows and sizeable beds. There are plenty of period features, but the en suite bathrooms are not among them: they're sparklingly new, and one has a free-standing bathtub. Both the welcome and the breakfast will leave you most content. Karrawa Guest HouseGUESTHOUSE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-871100; www.karrawaguesthouseorkney.co.uk; Inganess Rd; s/d £64/68; p W #) In a peaceful location on the southeastern edge of Kirkwall, this enthusiastically-run guesthouse offers significant value for well-kept modern double rooms with comfortable mattresses. Breakfast is generously proportioned. oAlbert HotelHOTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-876000; www.alberthotel.co.uk; Mounthoolie Lane; s/d £96/135; W) Stylishly refurbished in plum and grey, this central but peaceful hotel is Kirkwall's finest address. Comfortable contemporary rooms in a variety of categories sport superinviting beds and smart bathrooms. A great Orkney base, with the more-than-decent Bothy Bar downstairs. Walk-in prices are often cheaper. 5Eating & Drinking ReelCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.facebook.com/thereelkirkwall; Albert St; sandwiches £3-6; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat; W) Part music shop and part cafe, Kirkwall's best coffee-stop sits alongside the cathedral, and bravely puts tables outside at the slightest threat of sunshine. It's a relaxed spot, good for a morning-after debriefing, a quiet Orkney ale, or lunchtime panini and musically-named sandwiches (plus the cheese-and-mushroom Skara Brie). It's a local folk-musicians' centre, with regular evening sessions. Judith Glue Real Food CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.judithglue.com; 25 Broad St; light meals £5-10; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat & 10am-6pm Sun year-round, to 10pm Fri & Sat May plus Mon-Sat Jun-Sep; W) S At the back of a lively craft shop opposite the cathedral, this cafe serves toothsome sandwiches and salads, as well as daily specials and succulent seafood platters. There's an open kitchen and a strong emphasis on sustainable and organic ingredients, but put the feel-good factor aside for a moment and fight for a table. Check Facebook for regular events. oFoveranORCADIAN ( %01856-872389; www.thefoveran.com; St Ola; mains £15-23; h6.30-8.30pm mid-Apr–mid-Oct, Fri & Sat only plus other days by arrangement off-season; W) S Three miles down the Orphir road, one of Orkney's best dining options is surprisingly affordable for the quality. Tranquilly located, with a cosy eating area overlooking the sea, it shines through its use of classic Orcadian ingredients – the steak with haggis and whisky sauce is feted throughout, while North Ronaldsay lamb comes in four different, deliciously tender cuts. ShoreGASTROPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.theshore.co.uk; 6 Shore St; bar meals £8-10, restaurant mains £12-18; hfood 11am-9.30pm; W) This popular harbourside eatery offers bar meals combined with more adventurous evening fare in the restaurant section. It's run with a customer-comes-first attitude, and the seafood is especially good. Helgi'sPUB FOOD ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.helgis.co.uk; 14 Harbour St; mains £10-12; hfood noon-9pm, from 12.30pm Sun; W) There's a traditional cosiness about this place, but the decor has moved beyond the time-honoured beer-soaked carpet to a comfortable contemporary slate floor and quotes from the _Orkneyinga Saga_ plastering the walls. It's more find-a-table than jostle-at-the-bar and serves cheerful, well-priced comfort food – light bites only between 2pm and 5pm. Take your pint upstairs for quiet harbour contemplation. 7Shopping Kirkwall has some gorgeous jewellery and crafts along Albert St. The Longship ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-888790; www.olagoriejewellery.com; 7 Broad St; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat Sep-May, 9am-5.30pm daily Oct-Apr), established in 1859, has Orkney-made crafts, food, gifts and exquisite designer jewellery across adjacent shops. 8Information Kirkwall Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-872856; kirkwall@visitscotland.com; West Castle St; h9am-6pm daily Jun-Sep, 9am-5pm Mon-Fri & 10am-2pm Sat Oct-Apr, 9am-6pm Mon-Sat & 10am-2pm Sun May) Has a good range of Orkney info. Shares building with the bus station. 8Getting There & Away Air Flybe and Loganair services use Kirkwall Airport ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.hial.co.uk), located a few miles east of town and served by bus 4. Boat Ferries to the Northern Islands depart from the town harbour; however, ferries to Aberdeen and Shetland use the Hatston terminal, 1 mile northwest. Bus X10 shuttles out there regularly. Bus All services leave from the bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; West Castle St): A **Bus X1** Stromness (£3, 30 minutes, hourly, seven Sunday); St Margaret's Hope (£2.80) A **Bus 2** Orphir and Houton (£2.70, 20 minutes, four or five Monday to Saturday) A **Bus 5** Evie (£2.70, 30 minutes, three to five daily Monday to Saturday), Tingwall (Rousay ferry) and Birsay ### Mainland To South Ronaldsay After a German U-boat sank battleship HMS _Royal Oak_ in 1939, Winston Churchill had causeways of concrete blocks erected across the channels on the eastern side of Scapa Flow, linking Mainland to the islands of Lamb Holm, Glims Holm, Burray and South Ronaldsay. The Churchill Barriers, flanked by rusting wrecks of blockships, now support the main road from Kirkwall to Burwick. 8Getting There & Away Bus X1 goes to South Ronaldsay's St Margaret's Hope (£2.80, 30 minutes, almost hourly Monday to Saturday). #### Lamb Holm On the tiny island of Lamb Holm, the Italian Chapel ( %01865-781268; admission free; h9am-dusk) is all that remains of a POW camp that housed the Italian soldiers who worked on the Churchill Barriers. They built the chapel in their spare time, using two Nissen huts, scrap metal and their considerable artistic skills. One of the artists returned in 1960 to restore the paintwork. It's quite extraordinary inside. #### South Ronaldsay South Ronaldsay's main village, pristine St Margaret's Hope, was named after the Maid of Norway, who died here in 1290 on her way to marry Edward II of England (strictly a political affair: Margaret was only seven years old). The ferry from Gills Bay on mainland Scotland docks here, while the passenger ferry from John O'Groats lands at Burwick, at the island's southern tip. 1Sights oTomb of the EaglesARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ( %01865-831339; www.tomboftheeagles.co.uk; Liddel; adult/child £7.50/3.50; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 10am-noon Mar, 9.30am-12.30pm Oct) Two significant archaeological sites were found here by a farmer on his land. The first is a Bronze Age stone building with a firepit, indoor well, and plenty of seating: a communal cooking site or the original Orkney pub? Beyond, in a spectacular clifftop position, the Neolithic tomb (wheel yourself in prone on a trolley) is an elaborate stone construction that held the remains of up to 340 people who died some five millennia ago. An excellent personal explanation is given to you at the **visitor centre** ; you meet a few spooky skulls and can handle some of the artefacts found, plus absorb information on the Mesolithic period. It's about a mile's airy walk to the tomb from the centre, which is near Burwick. Banks Chambered TombARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (Tomb of the Otters; www.bankschamberedtomb.co.uk; Cleat; adult/child £6/free; h10am-5pm Apr-Oct) Discovered while digging a carpark, this 5000-year-old chambered tomb is still being investigated, but has yielded a vast quantity of human bones, which are well preserved thanks to the saturation of the earth. The tomb is dug into bedrock and makes for an atmospheric if claustrophobic visit. The guided tour from the guy who found it mixes homespun archaeological theories with astute observations. In the **visitor centre** , which has a good bistro too, you can handle finds of stones and bones, including the remains of otters, who presumably used this as a den. Follow the signs for Tomb of the Eagles. 4Sleeping & Eating St Margaret's Hope BackpackersHOSTEL ( %01856-831225; www.orkneybackpackers.com; dm £15; p) Just a stroll from the Gills Bay ferry, this hostel is a lovely stone cottage offering small, simple rooms with up to four berths – great for families. There's a lounge, kitchen, laundry and good, hot showers. Book in at the Trading Post shop next door. oBankburn HouseB&B ( %01856-831310; www.bankburnhouse.co.uk; A961; s/d £52/68, without bathroom £41/62; p i W #) S This large rustic house does everything right, with smashing good-sized rooms and engaging owners who put on quality breakfasts and take pride in constantly innovating to improve guests' comfort levels. The huge lawn overlooks St Margaret's Hope and the bay – perfect for sunbathing on shimmering Orkney summer days. Prices drop substantially for multi-night stays. oCreelSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-831311; www.thecreel.co.uk; Front Rd, St Margaret's Hope; 2-/3-course dinner £33/40; h7-9pm Tue-Sat Apr–mid-Oct; W) S On the waterfront in an unassuming house, on unpretentious wooden tables, some of Scotland's best seafood has been served up for well over 20 years. Upstairs, three most comfortable rooms (singles/doubles £75/110) face the spectacular sunset over the water. Wooden ceilings and plenty of space give them an airy feel. It was up for sale at the time of research, so fingers crossed. ### West & North Mainland This part of the island is sprinkled with outstanding prehistoric monuments: the journey to Orkney is worth it for these alone. It would take the best part of a day to see all of them – if pushed for time, visit Skara Brae then Maes Howe, but book your visit to the latter in advance. 1Sights oMaes HoweARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; %01856-761606; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/3.30; htours hourly 10am-4pm) Egypt has pyramids, Scotland has Maes Howe. Constructed about 5000 years ago, it's an extraordinary place, a Stone-Age tomb built from enormous sandstone blocks, some of which weighed many tons and were brought from several miles away. Creeping down the long stone passageway to the central chamber, you feel the indescribable gulf of years that separate us from the architects of this mysterious place. Though nothing is known about who and what was interred here, the scope of the project suggests it was a structure of great significance. In the 12th century, the tomb was broken into by Vikings searching for treasure. A couple of years later, another group sought shelter in the chamber from a three-day blizzard. Waiting out the storm, they carved runic graffiti on the walls. As well as the some-things-never-change 'Olaf was 'ere' and 'Thorni bedded Helga', there are also more intricate carvings, including a particularly fine dragon and a knotted serpent. Buy tickets in Tormiston Mill across the road. Entry is by 45-minute guided tours on the hour: reserve your tour-slot ahead by phone. Oversized groups mean guides tend to only show a couple of the Viking inscriptions, but they'll happily show more if asked. Standing Stones of StennessARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h24hr) F Within sight of Maes Howe, four mighty stones remain of what was once a circle of 12. Recent research suggests they were perhaps erected as long ago as 3300 BC, and they impose by their sheer size; the tallest measures 5.7m in height. The narrow strip of land they're on, the Ness of Brodgar, separates the Harray and Stenness lochs and was the site of a large settlement, inhabited throughout the Neolithic period (3500–1800 BC). Barnhouse Neolithic VillageRUINS (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h24hr) F Alongside the Standing Stones of Stenness are the excavated remains of a village thought to have been inhabited by the builders of Maes Howe. Don't skip this: it brings the area to life. The houses are well preserved and similar to Skara Brae with their stone furnishings. One of the buildings was entered by crossing a fireplace: possibly of ritual significance. Ring of BrodgarARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h24hr) F A mile north of Stenness is this wide circle of standing stones, some over 5m tall. The last of the three Stenness monuments to be built (2500–2000 BC), it remains a most atmospheric location. Twenty-one of the original 60 stones still stand among the heather. On a grey day with dark clouds thudding low across the sky, the stones are a spine-tingling sight. oSkara BraeARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; joint ticket with Skaill House adult/child £7.10/4.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, to 4.30pm Oct-Mar) Idyllically situated by a sandy bay 8 miles north of Stromness, and predating Stonehenge and the pyramids of Giza, extraordinary Skara Brae is northern Europe's best-preserved prehistoric village. Even the stone furniture – beds, boxes and dressers – has survived the 5000 years since a community lived and breathed here. It was hidden under dunes until an 1850 storm exposed the houses underneath. There's an excellent interactive exhibit and short video, arming visitors with facts and theory, which will enhance the impact of the site. You then enter a reconstructed house, giving more meaning to the excavation, which you head on to next. The joint ticket also gets you into Skaill House (HS; hApr-Sep), a mansion built for the bishop in 1620. It's a bit anticlimactic catapulting straight from the Neolithic to the 1950s decor, but you can see a smart hidden compartment in the library as well as the bishop's original 17th-century four-poster bed. Buses run to Skara Brae from Kirkwall and Stromness a few times weekly in summer, but not all are useful to visit the site. It's possible to walk along the coast from Stromness to Skara Brae (9 miles), or it's an easy taxi (£15), hitch or cycle from Stromness. If you ring before 3pm the day before, you can book Octobus ( %01856-871536; www.octocic.co.uk) from Kirkwall (£3.20 each way). ### A NEOLITHIC VATICAN? Ongoing excavations on the **Ness of Brodgar** , between the Stenness standing stones and the Ring of Brodgar, are rapidly revealing that this was a Neolithic site of huge importance. Probably a major power and religious centre and used for over a millennium, the settlement had a mighty wall, a large building (temple or palace?) and as many as 100 other structures, some painted. Each dig season reveals new intriguing finds. During the season, mid-July to late August, free guided tours of the excavation run at 11am, 1pm and 3pm. #### Birsay The small village of Birsay is 6 miles north of Skara Brae. The ruins of the Earl's Palace ( h24hr), built in the 16th century by the despotic Robert Stewart, earl of Orkney, dominate the village centre. Today it's a mass of half walls and crumbling columns, the latter climbing like dilapidated chimney stacks. At low tide (check tide times at the shop in Earl's Palace) you can walk out to the Brough of Birsay (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £4.50/2.70; h9.30am-5.30pm mid-Jun–Sep), where you'll find the extensive ruins of a Norse settlement and the 12th-century St Peter's Church. #### Evie On an exposed headland at Aikerness, a 1.5-mile walk northeast from the straggling village of Evie, you'll find the Broch of Gurness (HS; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5.50/3.30; h9.30am-12.30pm & 1.30-5.30pm Apr-Sep), a fine example of these drystone fortified towers that were both status symbol for powerful farmers and useful protection from raiders some 2200 years ago. The imposing entranceway and sturdy stone walls – originally 10m high – impress; inside you can see the hearth and where a mezzanine floor would have fitted. Around the broch are the remains of the settlement centred on it. ### Stromness Population 1800 This appealing grey-stone port has a narrow, elongated, flagstone-paved main street and tiny alleys leading down to the waterfront between tall stone houses. It lacks Kirkwall's size but makes up for that with bucketloads of character, having changed little since its heyday in the 18th century. Stromness is ideally located for trips to Orkney's major prehistoric sites. 1Sights oStromness MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850025; www.stromnessmuseum.co.uk; 52 Alfred St; adult/child £4.50/1; h10am-5pm daily Apr-Sep, 11am-3.30pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) A superb museum full of knick-knacks from maritime and natural-history exhibitions covering whaling, the Hudsons Bay Company and the sunk German fleet. You can happily nose around for a couple of hours. Across the street is the house where local poet and novelist George Mackay Brown lived. Pier Arts CentreGALLERY ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850209; www.pierartscentre.com; 30 Victoria St; h10.30am-5pm Tue-Sat, plus Mon Jun-Aug) F This gallery has really rejuvenated the Orkney modern-art scene with its sleek lines and upbeat attitude. It's worth a look as much for the architecture as its high-quality collection of 20th-century British art and the changing exhibitions. ### DIVING SCAPA FLOW'S WRECKS One of the world's largest natural harbours, Scapa Flow, the sheltered bay enclosed by the archipelago's main islands, has been in near-constant use by various fleets from the Vikings onwards. After WWI, 74 German ships were interned here; when the terms of the armistice included a severely reduced German navy, Admiral von Reuter, who was in charge of the fleet, decided to take matters into his own hands. A secret signal was passed from ship to ship and the British watched incredulously as every German ship began to sink. Fifty-two of them went to the bottom, with the rest left aground in shallow water. Most were salvaged, but seven vessels remain to attract divers. There are three battleships – the _König_ , the _Kronprinz Wilhelm_ and the _Markgraf_ – all of which weigh over 25,000 tonnes. The first two were subjected to blasting for scrap metal, but the _Markgraf_ is undamaged and considered one of Scotland's best dives. Numerous other ships rest on the sea bed in Scapa Flow. HMS _Royal Oak,_ sunk by a German U-boat in October 1939 with the loss of 833 crew, is an official war grave – diving here is prohibited. The wreck dives are for experienced divers only. Scapa Scuba ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-851218; www.scapascuba.co.uk; Lifeboat House, Stromness; beginner's try dive £80, 2 guided dives £125-145; hnoon-7pm Mon-Fri & 3-6pm Sat & Sun May-Sep) is an excellent operator. zFestivals & Events Orkney Folk FestivalMUSIC (www.orkneyfolkfestival.com) A four-day event in late May, with folk concerts, _ceilidhs_ and casual pub sessions. Stromness packs out, and late-night buses from Kirkwall are laid on. Book tickets and accommodation ahead. 4Sleeping Hamnavoe HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-851202; www.hamnavoehostel.co.uk; 10a North End Rd; dm/s/tw £20/22/44; W) This well-equipped hostel is efficiently run and boasts excellent facilities, including a fine kitchen and a lounge room with great perspectives over the water. The dorms are very commodious, with duvets, decent mattresses and reading lamps (bring a pound coin for the heating), and the showers are good. Ring ahead as the owner lives off-site. Brown's HostelHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850661; www.brownsorkney.co.uk; 45 Victoria St; s £20, d £36-45; i W) On the main street, this handy, sociable place has cosy private rooms – no dorms, no bunks – at a good price. There's an inviting common area, where you can browse the free internet or swap pasta recipes in the open kitchen. There are en suite rooms in a house up the street, with self-catering options available. Point of Ness Caravan & Camping ParkCAMPSITE ( %office hrs 01856-873535, site 01856-850532; www.orkney.gov.uk; Ness Rd; tent sites 1/2 people £7.20/11.20; hApr-Sep; p W #) This breezy, fenced-in campsite has a super location overlooking the bay at the southern end of town and is as neat as a pin. There's free wi-fi. oBrinkies Guest HouseB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-851881; www.brinkiesguesthouse.co.uk; s £50, d £75-80; p W) Just a short walk from the centre, but with a lonely, king-of-the-castle position overlooking the town and bay, this exceptional place offers five-star islander hospitality. Compact, modern rooms are handsome, stylish and comfortable, and public areas are done out most attractively in wood, but above all it's the charming owner's flexibility and can-do attitude that makes this so special. Burnside FarmB&B ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850723; www.burnside-farm.com; North End Rd; s £50, d £80-95; p W) A most pleasing option on a working dairy farm on the edge of Stromness, this offers lovely views over green fields, the town and harbour. Rooms are elegant, and maintain the style from when the house was built in the late '40s, with elegant period furnishings. The top-notch bathrooms, however, are sparklingly contemporary. Breakfast is served with vistas, and the kindly owner couldn't be more welcoming. 5Eating & Drinking Ferry InnPUB FOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850280; www.ferryinn.com; 10 John St; mains £7-14; hfood noon-2pm & 5-9pm Mon-Fri, noon-9pm Sat & Sun; W) Every port has its pub, and in Stromness it's the Ferry. Convivial and central, it warms the cockles with folk music, local beers and characters, and pub food that offers plenty of value in a dining area done out like the deck of a ship. The fish and chips are excellent, and a few blackboard specials fill things out. It's also open for breakfast. Hamnavoe RestaurantSEAFOOD ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850606; 35 Graham Pl; mains £15-22; h6-9pm Tue-Sun Jun-Aug) Tucked away off the main street, this Stromness favourite specialises in excellent local seafood in an intimate, cordial atmosphere. There's always something good off the boats, and the chef prides himself on his lobster. Booking is a must. It usually opens weekends off-season. 8Information Stromness Information CentreTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-850716; www.visitorkney.com; Ferry Rd; h10am-4pm Mon-Fri & 8.30am-2.30pm Sat Apr-May, 9am-5pm daily Jun-Oct) In the ferry terminal. 8Getting There & Away Northlink Ferries runs services from Stromness to Scrabster on the mainland (passenger £19.15, car £58, 1½ hours, two to three daily). Bus X1 runs regularly to Kirkwall (£3, 30 minutes) and on to St Margaret's Hope. ### Hoy Orkney's second-largest island, Hoy (meaning 'High Island'), got the lion's share of the archipelago's scenic beauty. Shallow turquoise bays lace the east coast and massive seacliffs guard the west, while peat and moorland cover Orkney's highest hills. Much of the north is a reserve for breeding seabirds. Book the car-ferry to Hoy ahead. 1Sights Scapa Flow Visitor CentreMUSEUM ( %01856-791300; www.orkney.gov.uk; Lyness; admission by donation; h9am-4.30pm Mon-Fri Mar-Oct, plus 9am-4.30pm Sat May-Oct, first ferry arrival to 4pm Sun May-Sep) Lyness was an important naval base during both world wars, when the British Grand Fleet was based in Scapa Flow. This fascinating museum and photographic display, located in an old pumphouse that once fed fuel to the ships, is a must-see for anyone interested in Orkney's military history. Take your time to browse the exhibits and have a look at the folders of supplementary information: letters home from a seaman, who was lost when the _Royal Oak_ was torpedoed, are particularly moving. Old Man of HoyROCK FORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) Hoy's best-known sight is this spectacular 137m-high rock stack jutting from the ocean off the tip of an eroded headland. It's a tough ascent for experienced climbers only, but a great walk from Rackwick (6 miles return). You can see it from the Scrabster–Stromness ferry. 4Sleeping Hoy CentreHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %office hours 01856-873535, warden 01856-791315; www.orkney.gov.uk; dm/tw £18/49; p) This clean, bright modern hostel has an enviable location, around 15 minutes' walk from Moaness Pier, at the base of the rugged Cuilags. Rooms are all en suite and include good-value family options; there's also a spacious kitchen and DVD lounge. The same people run a simpler hostel at Rackwick, five miles away. Wild HeatherB&B ( %01856-791098; www.wildheatherbandb.co.uk; Lyness; s/d £43/69; p) Turn right from the Lyness ferry to reach this great place right on the bay. The lovely room is frilly and spotless, with soul-soothing water views from your own wee conservatory, where you also tuck into breakfast. Packed lunches and 3-course dinners (£16.50) are available, as well as cycle storage and a genuine welcome. The owners' daughter runs a cute craft shop alongside. 8Getting There & Away Orkney Ferries runs a passenger and bike ferry (adult £4.25, 30 minutes, two to six daily) between Stromness and Moaness at Hoy's northern end, and a car ferry to Lyness from Houton on Mainland (passenger/car £4.25/13.60, 40 minutes, up to seven daily Monday to Friday, two or three Saturday and Sunday); book cars in advance. Sunday service is May to September only. A bus meets the ferries and runs to Hoy's main settlements. ### Northern Islands The group of windswept islands north of Mainland is a haven for birds, rich in archaeological sites, and blessed with wonderful white-sand beaches and azure seas. Some give a real sense of what Orkney was like before the modern world infringed upon island life. The tourist offices in Kirkwall and Stromness on Mainland have the useful Islands of Orkney brochure with maps and details of these islands. Note that the 'ay' at the end of island names (from the Old Norse for 'island') is pronounced 'ee'. #### Rousay Off the north coast of Mainland, Rousay makes a great day trip, but you'll feel like staying longer. This hilly island is famous for its numerous excellent archaeological sites. 1Sights & Activities You can hire a bike at Trumland Farm (£7 per day) and make the hilly 14-mile circuit of the island. You can walk from the ferry pier to Midhowe Broch, taking in all the main historic sites (12 miles return, allow six hours). oMidhowe Cairn & BrochARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h24hr) F Six miles from the ferry, mighty **Midhowe Cairn** has been dubbed the 'Great Ship of Death'. Built around 3500 BC and enormous, it's divided into compartments, in which the remains of 25 people were found. Covered by a protective stone building, it's nevertheless memorable. Adjacent **Midhowe Broch** , whose sturdy stone lines echo the rocky shoreline's striations, is a muscular Iron Age fortified compound with a mezzanine floor. The sites are on the water, a 10-minute walk downhill from the main road. Prehistoric SitesARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; h24hr) F The major archaeological sites are clearly labelled from the road ringing the island. Heading west from the ferry, you soon come to **Taversoe Tuick** , an intriguing burial cairn constructed on two levels, with separate entrances – perhaps a joint tomb for different families; a semidetached solution in posthumous housing. Not far beyond are two other significant cairns: **Blackhammer** , then **Knowe of Yarso** , the latter a fair walk up the hill but with majestic views. Rousay ToursGUIDED TOUR ( %01856-821234; www.rousaytours.co.uk; adult/child £30/10) Friendly Patrick offers taxi service and recommended guided tours of the island, including wildlife-spotting (seals and otters), visits to the prehistoric sites and a tasty packed lunch. 4Sleeping & Eating Trumland FarmHOSTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01856-821252; trumland@btopenworld.com; sites £5, dm £12-14; p #) S An easy stroll from the ferry (turn left at the main road), this organic farm has a wee hostel with two dorms and a pretty little kitchen and common area. You can pitch tents and use the facilities; there's also well-equipped self-catering in a cottage and various farm buildings. Taversoe HotelHOTEL ( %01856-821325; www.taversoehotel.co.uk; s/d £50/80; p) Two miles west from the ferry pier, the island's only hotel is a low-key place, with neat, simple doubles that have water vistas and share a bathroom, and a twin with en suite but no view. The best views are from the dining room, which serves good-value meals (noon to 5pm Monday, noon to 9pm Tuesday to Saturday and noon to 7.30pm Sunday in summer). The friendly owners will collect you from the ferry. 8Getting There & Around A small ferry ( %01856-751360; www.orkneyferries.co.uk) connects Tingwall on Mainland with Rousay (passenger/bicycle/car return £8.50/free/27.20, 30 minutes, up to six daily) and the nearby islands of Egilsay and Wyre. Vehicle bookings are compulsory. #### Stronsay Stronsay attracts walkers and cyclists for its lack of serious inclines and the beautiful landscapes of its four curving bays. You can spot wildlife here: chubby seals basking on the rocks, puffins and other seabirds. 4Sleeping & Eating Stronsay HotelHOTEL ( %01857-616213; www.stronsayhotelorkney.co.uk; s/d £50/79; W #) The island's watering hole is near the ferry and has immaculate refurbished rooms. There's also recommended pub grub in the bar. 8Getting There & Away Loganair ( %01857-873457; www.loganair.co.uk) flies from Kirkwall to Stronsay (£37 one way, 20 minutes, one or two daily). A ferry ( %01856-872044; www.orkneyferries.co.uk) links Kirkwall with Stronsay (passenger/car £8.35/19.70, 1½ hours, two to three daily) and Eday. #### Eday This slender island was extensively cut for peat to supply the surrounding islands. The interior is hilly and covered in peat bog, while the coast and the north of the island are low-lying and green. 1Sights & Activities Eday Heritage & Visitor CentreMUSEUM ( %01857-622283; www.visiteday.com; h9am-5.30pm daily May-Sep, 10am-5pm Sun Oct-Apr) F Has a range of local history exhibits, as well as an audiovisual about tidal energy initiatives: there's a big test project just offshore. 4Sleeping & Eating Eday HostelHOSTEL ( %07977-281084; dm £12-15; p i W) Four miles north of the ferry pier, this recently renovated, community-run hostel is a simple but comfortable place to stay. You can camp alongside too at no cost and there are bikes available to hire. 8Getting There & Around There's a Monday and Wednesday flight from Kirkwall (one way £37, 30 minutes) to London airport – that's London, Eday. Ferries sail from Kirkwall, sometimes via Stronsay or Sanday (passenger/car £8.35/19.70, two hours, two to three daily). #### Sanday Aptly named, blissfully quiet flat Sanday is ringed by Orkney's best beaches, with dazzling white sand of the sort you'd expect in the Caribbean. It's a peaceful, green, pastoral landscape with the sea revealed at every turn. 1Sights Quoyness Chambered TombARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (admission free; h24hr) F There are several archaeological sites on Sanday, the most impressive being the Quoyness chambered tomb, similar to Maes Howe and dating from the 3rd millennium BC. It has triple walls, a main chamber and six smaller cells. Sanday Heritage CentreMUSEUM (Lady; entry by donation; h9am-5pm Mar-Oct) This new museum in the former temperance hall has intriguing displays on various aspects of island history, including fishing, the wars, archaeology and shipwrecks. In an adjacent field, a typical croft house has been preserved. 4Sleeping Two adjacent pubs in the main settlement, Kettletoft, offer accommodation and basic bar meals. Ayre's Rock Hostel & CampsiteHOSTEL, CAMPSITE ( %01857-600410; www.ayres-rock-hostel-orkney.com; tent sites 1-/2-person £7/9, pods per person £10, dm/s/tw £15/18/30; p W #) This super-friendly spot six miles north of the ferry by a beach offers a cosy hostel with three rooms sleeping two or four in beds, and a sweet grassy campsite by the water. As well as tent pitches, there are heated two-person pods and a static caravan. There's a craft shop and Saturday chip shop on site, and hosts are extremely helpful. BackaskaillB&B ( %01857-600305; www.bedandbreakfastsandayorkney.com; s/d £45/75; p W) Set on a working cattle farm by the sea, this offers comfortable accommodation in a noble stone farmhouse. The polished interior features an eclectic collection of art and curios and cordial, professional hospitality. Rooms feel light and modern, and there's a fabulous guest lounge. The island's best meals (mains £9 to £16) are here and can be booked by non-guests. 8Getting There & Around There are flights from Kirkwall to Sanday (one way £37, 20 minutes, once or twice daily). Ferries run from Kirkwall (passenger/car £8.35/19.70, 1½ hours), with a link to Eday. A bus meets the boat. #### Westray If you've time to visit only one of Orkney's Northern Islands, make **Westray** (www.westraypapawestray.co.uk) the one. The largest of the group, it has rolling farmland, handsome sandy beaches, great coastal walks and several appealing places to stay. 1Sights & Activities Noup HeadNATURE RESERVE F This bird reserve at Westray's northwestern tip is a dramatic area of sea cliffs with vast numbers of breeding seabirds from April to July. You can walk here along the clifftops from a carpark, passing the impressive chasm of **Ramni Geo** , and return via the lighthouse access road (4 miles). Westray Heritage CentreHERITAGE CENTRE ( %01857-677414; www.westrayheritage.co.uk; Pierowall; adult/child £3/50p; h10am-noon Tue-Sat & 2-5pm Sun May-Sep) This has displays on local history, nature dioramas, and archaeological finds, with some famous Neolithic carvings (including the 5000-year-old 'Westray Wife'). These small sandstone figurines are the oldest known depictions of the human form so far found in the British Isles. oNoltland CastleCASTLE ( h8am-8pm) F A half-mile west of Pierowall stands this sturdy ruined tower house, built in the 16th century by Gilbert Balfour, aide to Mary, Queen of Scots. The castle is super-atmospheric and bristles with shot holes, part of the defences of the deceitful Balfour, who plotted to murder Cardinal Beaton and, after being exiled, the king of Sweden. Like a pantomime villain, he met a sticky end. 4Sleeping & Eating oWest ManseB&B ( %01857-677482; www.westmanse.co.uk; Westside; r per person £20; p W #) S No timetables reign at this imposing house with arcing coastal vistas; make your own breakfast when you feel like it. Your welcoming hosts have introduced a raft of green solutions for heating, fuel and more. Kids will love this unconventional place, with its play nooks and hobbit house, while art exhibitions, cooking and blacksmithing classes, venerably comfortable furniture and clean air are drawcards for parents. Chalmersquoy & The BarnB&B, HOSTEL ( %01857-677214; http://chalmersquoywestray.co.uk; Pierowall; dm £20, apt per night £60-100, tent sites £5-8 plus per adult/child £2/1 ; p W) This excellent, intimate, modern hostel is an Orcadian gem. It's heated throughout and has pristine kitchen facilities and an inviting lounge; rooms sleep two or three in comfort. Out the front, the lovely owners have top self-catering apartments with great views, and three spacious en suite B&B rooms. There's also a campground on-site. A recommended all-round choice. Pierowall HotelPUB FOOD ( %01857-677472; www.pierowallhotel.co.uk; Pierowall; mains £8-11; hfood noon-1.30pm & 5-8.30pm; W) The heart of this island community, the refurbished local pub is famous throughout Orkney for its popular fish and chips – whatever has turned up in the day's catch by the hotel's boats is displayed on the blackboard. There are also some curries available, but the sea is the way to go here. It also has rooms, hires bikes and offers internet access. 8Getting There & Away There are daily flights from Kirkwall to Westray (one way £37, 20 minutes). A ferry links Kirkwall with Rapness (passenger/car £8.35/19.70, 1½ hours, daily). A bus to the main town, Pierowall, meets the ferry. #### Papa Westray Known locally as Papay, this exquisitely peaceful, tiny island (4 miles by 1 mile) is home to possibly Europe's oldest domestic building, the 5500-year-old Knap of Howar ( h24hr), and its largest arctic tern colony. Plus the two-minute hop from Westray is the world's shortest scheduled air service. The island was the cradle of Christianity in Orkney – St Boniface Kirk ( h24hr) was founded in the 8th century, though most of it dates to the 12th. 4Sleeping Beltane HouseGUESTHOUSE, HOSTEL ( %01857-644224; www.papawestray.co.uk; dm/s/d £17/25/35; p W #) Owned by the local community co-op, this comprises a 20-bed hostel and a guesthouse with four simple and immaculate rooms with en suite and self-catering kitchen access. It's just over a mile north of the ferry. You can camp here (adult/child £5/3). 8Getting There & Away There are daily flights to Papa Westray (£18, 15 minutes) from Kirkwall, and a special £21 return fare if you stay overnight. Some of the Kirkwall flights go via Westray (£17, 2 minutes) or North Ronaldsay (£17, 10 minutes). A passenger-only ferry runs from Pierowall on Westray to Papa Westray (£4.15, 25 minutes, three to six daily in summer). From October to April the boat sails by arrangement (ph 01857-677216). #### North Ronaldsay North Ronaldsay is a real outpost surrounded by rolling seas and big skies. Delicious peace-and-quiet and excellent birdwatching lure visitors. There are enough semiferal sheep to seize power, but as a 13-mile drystone wall running around the island keeps them off the grass; they make do with seaweed, which gives their meat a unique flavour. 1Sights North Ronaldsay TourGUIDED TOUR ( %07703-112224; lighthouse or mill adult/child £6/4, combined £9/7) Offers excellent tours of one of North Ronaldsay's two lighthouses and a wool mill. 4Sleeping & Eating Observatory Guest HouseHOSTEL, CAMPSITE ( %01857-633200; www.nrbo.co.uk; sites £4.50, dm/s/d £17.50/40.50/81; p i W) S Powered by wind and solar energy, this offers first-rate accommodation and ornithological activities next to the ferry pier. There's a cafe-bar with lovely coastal views and convivial communal dinners (£14.50) in a sun-kissed (sometimes) conservatory; if you're lucky, local lamb might be on the menu. You can also camp here. 8Getting There & Away There are two or three daily flights to North Ronaldsay (£18, 20 minutes) from Kirkwall. The £21 return offer (you must stay overnight) is great value. A ferry runs from Kirkwall on Tuesday and Friday (passenger/car £8.35/19.70, 2½ hours). ## Shetland Close enough to Norway geographically and historically to make nationality an ambiguous concept, the Shetland Islands are Britain's most northerly outpost. There's a Scandinavian lilt to the local accent, and streets named King Haakon or St Olaf remind that Shetland was under Norse rule until 1469, when it was gifted to Scotland in lieu of the dowry of a Danish princess. Though the stirringly bleak setting still feels uniquely Scottish, Shetland is far from a backwater: offshore oil makes it quite a busy, well-heeled place, with hotels frequently block-booked for workers. Nevertheless, nature still rules the seas and islands, and the birdlife is spectacular: pack binoculars. ### NATURE-WATCHING IN SHETLAND For birdwatchers, Shetland is paradise – a stopover for migrating Arctic species and host to vast seabird breeding colonies; June is the height of the season. Every bird has its own name here: rain geese are red-throated divers, bonxies are great skuas, and alamooties are storm petrels. Clownish puffin antics are a highlight. The RSPB (RSPB; www.rspb.org.uk) maintains several reserves plus there are National Nature Reserves at **Hermaness** , **Keen of Hamar** and **Noss**. **Foula** and **Fair Isle** also support large seabird populations. Keep an eye on the sea: sea otters, orcas and other cetaceans are regularly sighted. Latest sightings are logged at useful www.nature-shetland.co.uk. Shetland Nature Festival (www.shetlandamenity.org) in early July has guided walks, talks, boat trips, open days and workshops. ### OFFBEAT ACCOMMODATION Shetland offers intriguing options for getting off the beaten accommodation track. There's a great network of _böds_ – simple rustic cottages or huts with peat fires. They cost £10 per person, or £8 for the ones without electricity, and are available March to October. Contact and book via Shetland Amenity Trust ( %01595-694688; www.camping-bods.com; h9am-5pm Mon-Thu, 9am-4pm Fri). The same organisation runs three Lighthouse Cottages ( %01595-694688; www.shetlandlighthouse.com; per three days £277-320, per week £600-700), commanding dramatic views of rugged coastline: one, recently renovated and classy, at Sumburgh, one on the island of Bressay near Lerwick, and one at Eshaness. They sleep six to seven, and prices drop substantially off-season. 8Getting There & Around Air The main airport (LSI; GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01950-461000; www.hial.co.uk) is at Sumburgh, 25 miles south of Lerwick. Flybe ( %0871 700 2000; www.flybe.com) runs daily services to Aberdeen, Kirkwall, Inverness, Edinburgh and Glasgow, and summer services to Bergen (Norway). Bicycle You can hire bikes from several places, including Grantfield Garage (£12.50/50 per day/week) in Lerwick. Boat Northlink Ferries ( %0845 600 0449; www.northlinkferries.co.uk; W) runs daily overnight car ferries between Aberdeen and Lerwick (passenger/car high-season one-way £41/144, 12 to 15 hours), some stopping at Kirkwall, Orkney. With a basic ticket you can sleep in recliner chairs or the bar area. It's £36 for a berth in a shared cabin and up to £137 for a comparatively luxurious double cabin. Sleeping pods (£18) are comfortable, reclinable seats. There's a cafe, bar, paid lounge and cinema on-board plus slow wi-fi. Bus An extensive bus network, coordinated by ZetTrans (www.zettrans.org.uk), radiates from Lerwick to all corners of Mainland, and on (via ferry) to the islands of Yell and Unst. Schedules aren't great for day tripping from Lerwick. Car & Motorcycle Shetland has broad, well-made roads (think 'oil money'). Car hire is fuss-free, and vehicles can be delivered to transport terminals. Prices are usually around £35/180 per day/week. Bolts Car HireCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-693636; www.boltscarhire.co.uk; 26 North Rd, Lerwick) Also has an office at Sumburgh airport. Grantfield GarageCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-692709; www.grantfieldgarage.co.uk; North Rd, Lerwick; h9am-5.30pm Mon-Sat) The cheapest. A short walk towards town from the Northlink ferry terminal. Star Rent-a-CarCAR RENTAL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-692075; www.starrentacar.co.uk; 22 Commercial Rd, Lerwick) Opposite the bus station. Has an office at Sumburgh airport. ### Lerwick Population 7000 Built on the herring trade, Lerwick is Shetland's only real town, home to a third of the islands' population. It has a solidly maritime feel, with aquiline oilboats competing for space in the superb natural harbour with the dwindling fishing fleet. Wandering along atmospheric Commercial St is a delight, and the excellent museum provides cultural background. Lerwick 1Top Sights 1Shetland MuseumA1 4Sleeping 2Alder Lodge GuesthouseC4 3Fort Charlotte GuesthouseC2 4Islesburgh House HostelB3 5WoosungB4 5Eating Hay's DockA1 6Mareel CafeB1 7Monty's BistroD4 8Peerie Shop CafeC3 6Drinking & Nightlife 9Captain Flint'sD3 3Entertainment 10MareelB1 1Sights oShetland MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-695057; www.shetland-museum.org.uk; Hay's Dock; h10am-5pm Mon-Sat, noon-5pm Sun) F This is an impressive recollection of 5000 years' worth of culture, people and their interaction with this ancient landscape. Comprehensive but never dull, the display covers everything from the archipelago's geology to its fishing industry, via local mythology – find out about scary _nyuggles_ (ghostly horses), or detect _trows_ (fairies). Pictish carvings and replica jewellery are among the finest pieces; the museum also includes a working lighthouse mechanism, a small gallery, a boat-building workshop and an archive for tracing Shetland ancestry. Clickimin BrochARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ( GOOGLE MAP ) ) F This fortified site, just under a mile southwest of the town centre, was occupied from the 7th century BC to the 6th century AD. It's impressively large, and its setting on a small loch gives it a feeling of being removed from the present day. Böd of GremistaMUSEUM (Shetland Textile Museum; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.shetlandtextilemuseum.com; Gremista Rd; admission £2; hnoon-5pm Tue-Sat, to 7pm Thu May–mid-Oct) A mile north of the centre, this house, birthplace of P&O founder Arthur Anderson, was also once a fish-curing station. It now holds a display on the knitted and woven textiles and patterns that take their name from the islands. zFestivals & Events Shetland Folk FestivalMUSIC (www.shetlandfolkfestival.com) Held in late April or early May. ### UP HELLY AA!!! Shetland's long Viking history has rubbed off in more ways than just street names and square-shouldered locals. Most villages have a fire festival, a continuation of Viking midwinter celebrations of the rebirth of the sun. The most spectacular happens in Lerwick. Up Helly Aa (www.uphellyaa.org) takes place on the last Tuesday in January. Squads of _guizers_ dress in Viking costume and march through the streets with blazing torches, dragging a replica longship, which they then surround and burn, bellowing out Viking songs from behind bushy beards. 4Sleeping Lerwick has very average hotels but excellent B&Bs. It fills year-round; book ahead. There's no campsite within 15 miles. Islesburgh House HostelHOSTEL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-745100; www.islesburgh.org.uk; King Harald St; dm/tw/q £20/40/60; hApr-Sep; p i W) This typically grand Lerwick mansion houses an excellent hostel, with comfortable dorms, a shop, a laundry, a cafe and an industrial kitchen. Electronic keys offer excellent security and no curfew. It's wise to book ahead, and ask about winter availability as it sometimes opens for groups. WoosungB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-693687; conroywoosung@hotmail.com; 43 St Olaf St; s without bathroom £30-35, d without bathroom £50-55; W #) A budget gem in the heart of Lerwick B&B-land, this has a wise and welcoming host, and comfortable, clean, good-value rooms that share a bathroom. The solid stone house dates from the 19th century, built by a clipper captain who traded tea out of the Chinese port it's named after. oAlder Lodge GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-695705; www.alderlodgeguesthouse.com; 6 Clairmont Pl; s/d £35/75; p W) This stone former bank is a delightful place to stay. Imbued with a sense of space and light, the rooms are large and very well furnished, with good en suites, fridges, and DVD player. Excellent hosts really make the effort to help you feel at home, and do a great breakfast, with a smoked fish option and special diets catered for. There is also a self-catering house nearby. oFort Charlotte GuesthouseB&B ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-692140; www.fortcharlotte.co.uk; 1 Charlotte St; s/d £35/70; W #) Sheltering under the fortress walls, this friendly place offers summery en suite rooms, including great singles. Views down the pedestrian street are on offer in some; sloping ceilings and oriental touches add charm to others. There's a bike shed and local salmon for breakfast. Very popular; book ahead. Kveldsro House HotelHOTEL ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-692195; www.shetlandhotels.com; Greenfield Pl; s/d £110/135; p W) Lerwick's best hotel overlooks the harbour and has a quiet but central setting. It's a dignified small set-up that will appeal to older visitors or couples. All doubles cost the same, but some are markedly better than others, with four-poster beds or water views. All boast new stylish bathrooms and iPod docks. The bar area is elegant and has fine perspectives. 5Eating Peerie Shop CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-692816; www.peerieshopcafe.com; Esplanade; light meals £3-8; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat; W) If you've been craving proper espresso since leaving the mainland, head to this gem, with art exhibitions, wire-mounted halogens and industrial-gantry chic. Newspapers, scrumptious cakes and sandwiches, hot chocolate that you deserve after that blasting wind outside, and – more rarely – outdoor seating give everyone a reason to be here. Mareel CafeCAFE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; Mareel; light meals £3-5; h10am-11pm Sun-Thu, to 10am-1am Fri & Sat; W) Buzzy, arty and colourful, this cheery venue in Mareel overlooks the water and does sandwiches and baked potatoes by day, and some cute Shetland tapas in the evenings. The coffee is decent, too, and it's a nice place for a cocktail. oHay's DockCAFE, RESTAURANT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-741569; www.haysdock.co.uk; Hay's Dock; mains lunch £7-11, dinner £15-22; h10.30am-3.30pm Mon-Sat, noon-4.30pm Sun, plus 6.30-9pm Fri & Sat year-round and Tue-Thu Jun-Aug; W c) S Upstairs in the Shetland Museum, Hay's Dock sports a wall of picture windows and a fairweather balcony that overlooks the harbour. Clean lines and pale wood recall Scandinavia, but the menu relies on carefully selected local and Scottish produce. Lunch ranges from delicious fish-and-chips to chowder, while evening menus concentrate on seafood and steak. Monty's BistroBRITISH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-696555; www.montys-shetland.co.uk; 5 Mounthooly St; mains lunch £8-10, dinner £13-17; h5-9pm Mon, noon-2pm & 5-9pm Tue-Sat, noon-9.30pm Sun; W) S Though well hidden away behind the tourist office, Monty's is far from a secret and Shetlanders descend on it with alacrity. The upstairs dining room, with proper floorboards and an upbeat atmosphere, is a cheerful venue for good-quality British bistro fare. 6Drinking & Entertainment Check what's on at Mareel ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-745555; www.mareel.org), a swish new arts venue near the museum. Captain Flint'sPUB ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ) ; 2 Commercial St; h11am-1am; W) This lively port-side bar – Lerwick's liveliest – throbs with happy conversation and loud music, and has a distinctly nautical, creaky-wooden feel. There's a cross-section of young 'uns, tourists, boat folk and older locals. There's live music some nights and a pool table upstairs. 8Information Lerwick Tourist OfficeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-693434; lerwick@visitscotland.com; cnr Commercial St & Mounthooly St; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat & 10am-4pm Sun Apr-Sep, 10am-4pm Mon-Sat Oct-Mar) Helpful, with a good range of books and maps. 8Getting There & Around From Viking bus station ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01595-694100; Commercial Rd), buses service various corners of the archipelago, including regular services to/from Sumburgh Airport. Northlink Ferries dock at Holmsgarth terminal ( GOOGLE MAP ) ), a 15-minute walk northwest from the town centre. ### Bressay & Noss Population 400 These islands lie across Bressay Sound just east of Lerwick. Bressay ( _bress_ -ah) has interesting walks, especially along the cliffs and up **Ward Hill** (226m), which has good views of the islands. Much smaller Noss is a nature reserve. 1Sights & Activities oIsle of NossNATURE RESERVE ( %0800-107-7818; www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/noss; boat adult/child £3/1.50; h10am-5pm Tue, Wed & Fri-Sun mid-Apr–Aug) Little Noss, 1.5 miles wide, lies just east of Bressay. High seacliffs harbour over 100,000 pairs of breeding seabirds, while inland heath supports hundreds of pairs of great skua. Access is by dinghy from Bressay; phone in advance to check that it's running. Walking anticlockwise around Noss is easier, with better cliff viewing. There's a small visitor centre by the dock. Seabirds & SealsCRUISE ( %07595-540224; www.seabirds-and-seals.com; adult/child £45/25; h10am & 2pm mid-Apr–mid-Sep) Runs three-hour wildlife cruises (10am and 2pm) around Bressay and Noss, departing from Lerwick. Includes underwater viewing. Trips run year-round, weather permitting; book by phone or at Lerwick tourist office. 8Getting There & Away Ferries (passenger/car return £5.20/12.80, seven minutes, frequent) link Lerwick and Bressay. The Noss crossing is 2.5 miles across the island. ### Central & West Mainland #### Scalloway Population 1200 Surrounded by bare, rolling hills, Scalloway ( _scall-_ o-wah) – Shetland's former capital – is a busy fishing and yachting harbour with a thriving seafood-processing industry. It's 6 miles from Lerwick. 1Sights & Activities Scalloway MuseumMUSEUM (www.scallowaymuseum.org; Castle St; adult/child £3/1; h11am-4pm Mon-Sat, 2-4pm Sun May-Sep; c) This enthusiastic modern museum has an excellent display on Scalloway life and history, with prehistoric finds, witch-burnings and local lore all featuring. There's a detailed section on the Shetland Bus, and a fun area for kids. Scalloway CastleCASTLE (HS; www.historic-scotland.co.uk; h24hr) F The town's most prominent landmark is Scalloway Castle, built around 1600 by Earl Patrick Stewart. The turreted and corbelled tower house is fairly well preserved. If it's locked, get keys from Scalloway Museum or Scalloway Hotel. 4Sleeping & Eating oScalloway HotelHOTEL ( %01595-880444; www.scallowayhotel.com; Main St; s/d £80/115; p W) One of Shetland's best, this energetically run waterfront place has very stylish rooms featuring sheepskins, local tweeds and other fabrics, and views over the harbour. Some are larger than others; the best is the fabulous superior, with handmade furniture, artworks and a top-of-the-line mattress on its four-poster bed. The restaurant (mains £11 to £15) is good for quality seafood and Scottish cheeses. 8Getting There & Away Buses run from Lerwick (25 minutes, roughly hourly Monday to Saturday, two Sunday) to Scalloway. ### South Mainland From Lerwick, it's 25 miles down this narrow, hilly tail of land to Sumburgh Head. The lapping waters are an inviting turquoise – if it weren't for the raging Arctic gales, you'd be tempted to have a dip. #### Sandwick & Around Opposite scattered Sandwick is the small isle of Mousa, an RSPB reserve protecting some 7000 breeding pairs of storm petrels. It's also home to rock-basking seals and impressive **Mousa Broch**. Rising to 13m, it's an imposing double-walled structure with a spiral staircase to access a 2nd floor. It features in Viking sagas as a hideout for eloping couples. 1Sights & Activities Mousa BoatBOAT TOUR ( %07901-872339; www.mousa.co.uk; hApr–mid-Sep) This operator runs daily boat trips to Mousa (adult/child return £16/7, 15 minutes) from Sandwick, allowing three hours ashore on the island. It also offers night petrel-viewing trips (dates on the website). #### Sumburgh With sea cliffs, and grassy headlands jutting out into sparkling blue waters, Sumburgh is one of the most scenic places on the island, with a far greener landscape than the peaty north. 1Sights JarlshofARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (HS; %01950-460112; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk; adult/child £5.30/3.30; h9.30am-5.30pm Apr-Sep, 9.30am-4.30pm Oct-Mar) Old and new collide here, with Sumburgh airport right by this picturesque, instructive archaeological site. Various periods of occupation from 2500 BC to AD 1500 can be seen; the complete change upon the Vikings' arrival is obvious: their rectangular longhouses present a marked contrast to the preceding brochs, roundhouses and wheelhouses. Atop the site is 16th-century Old House, named 'Jarlshof' in a novel by Sir Walter Scott. There's an informative audio tour included with admission. oSumburgh Head Visitor CentreLIGHTHOUSE, MUSEUM ( %01595-694688; www.sumburghhead.com; adult/child £6/2; h10am-4pm May-Aug) High on the cliffs at Sumburgh Head, this excellent new attraction is set across several buildings. Displays explain about the lighthouse, foghorn and radar station that operated here, while there's a good exhibition on the local marine- and bird-life. You can visit the lighthouse itself on a guided tour. Sumburgh HeadBIRDWATCHING (www.rspb.org.uk) At Mainland's southern tip, these spectacular cliffs offer a good chance to get up close to puffins, and huge nesting colonies of fulmars, guillemots and razorbills. If you're lucky, you might spot dolphins, minke whales or orcas. Also here is an excellent visitor centre, in the lighthouse buildings. 4Sleeping & Eating Other options are the atmospheric Sumburgh Lighthouse cottage and a camping _böd_ behind Old Scatness. Sumburgh HotelHOTEL ( %01950-460201; www.sumburghhotel.com; s/d £85/110; p i W #) A reliable country-style hotel. Rooms have been recently renovated and feature soft duvets, attractive colour schemes and big towels. Larger sea-view rooms looking out to Fair Isle cost a tenner more. This is handy for the airport or Sumburgh Head birdwatching, though food is mediocre. 8Getting There & Away To get to Sumburgh from Lerwick, take the airport bus (45 minutes, four to seven daily). ### North Mainland The north of Mainland is very photogenic. Around Hillswick, there's stunning scenery. #### Brae & Around Just outside Brae and built in 1588, luxurious, genteel Busta House Hotel ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; %01806-522506; www.bustahouse.com; s/d £99/115; p i W #) has a long, sad history and the inevitable rumours of a (friendly) ghost. Built in the late 18th century (though the oldest part dates from 1588), its refurbished rooms – all individually decorated – are compact and retain a classy but homey charm. Sea views and/or four-poster bed cost a bit more. There are excellent dinners with local produce (£35). Buses from Lerwick to Eshaness and North Roe stop in Brae (35 minutes, four to six daily Monday to Saturday). #### Eshaness & Hillswick Eleven miles northwest of Brae the road ends at the red basalt cliffs of Eshaness, which form some of the most impressive, wild coastal scenery in Shetland. When the wind subsides there is superb walking and panoramic views from the lighthouse on the headland. 1Sights Tangwick Haa MuseumMUSEUM ( %01806-503389; admission free; h11am-5pm mid-Apr–Sep) F A mile east of Eshaness, a side road leads south to the Tangwick Haa Museum, housed in a restored 17th-century house. The wonderful collection of ancient B&W photos capture the sense of community in this area. 4Sleeping & Eating Braewick Cafe & Caravan ParkCAMPSITE ( %01806-503345; www.eshaness.shetland.co.uk; sites for 1/2 £6/8, wigwams £42; hmid-Mar–mid-Sep; p W #) S Decent tent pitches and tasty light meals served in a cafe (dishes £4 to £10; 10am to 5pm Thursday to Monday mid-March to mid-September, daily in July and August) with stunning views over St Magnus Bay's weird and wonderful rock formations, are on offer here. Much food is sourced from the owners' croft next door. It also has 'wigwams' – wooden huts (with fridge and kettle) that sleep four (six at a pinch). It's on the road between Hillswick and Eshaness. oAlmaraB&B ( %01806-503261; www.almara.shetland.co.uk; s/d £35/70; p W) S Follow the puffin signpost a mile short of Hillswick to find Shetland's finest welcome. With sweeping views over the bay, this house has a great lounge, unusual features in the excellent rooms and bathrooms (including thoughtful extras such as USB chargers) and a good eye on the environment. You'll feel completely at home and appreciated; this is B&B at its best. ### The North Isles Yell, Unst and Fetlar make up the North Isles, connected to each other by ferry. #### Yell Population 1000 Yell if you like, but nobody will hear; the desolate peat moors here are typical Shetland scenery. The bleak landscape has an undeniable appeal. 1Sights & Activities Lumbister RSPB ReserveNATURE RESERVE (www.rspb.org.uk) At this nature reserve red-throated divers, merlins, skuas and other bird species breed. The area is home to a large otter population, too, best viewed around Whale Firth, where you may also spot common and grey seals. Old Haa MuseumMUSEUM ( %01957-702431; h10am-4pm Tue-Thu & Sat & 2-5pm Sun Apr-Sep) F This has a medley of curious objects (pipes, piano, doll-in-cradle, tiny bibles, ships in bottles and a sperm-whale jaw) as well as an archive of local history, and a tearoom. It's in Burravoe, 4 miles east of the southern ferry terminal in Ulsta. 4Sleeping & Eating There are lots of excellent self-catering cottages dotted around the island: check www.visitshetland.com for options. Pinewood HouseB&B ( %01957-702092; www.pinewoodhouseshetland.co.uk; Aywick; s/d £35/70; p W #) Next to Aywick shop, this three-roomer boasts glorious water views from the lounge and bedrooms, and offers a warm welcome and optional, very tasty evening meals (£16). Windhouse LodgeBöD ( %office 01595-694688, warden 01957-702350; www.camping-bods.co.uk; dm £10) Below the haunted ruins of Windhouse, and on the A968, you'll find this well-kept, clean, snug camping _böd_ with power and a pot-belly stove to warm your toes. It's one of the cosiest, with a modern interior. Mattresses are thin. Book via phone or the website. 8Getting There & Away Yell is connected with Mainland by ferries between Toft and Ulsta (passenger/car return £5.20/7.60, 20 minutes, frequent). It's wise to book in summer. Buses run Monday to Saturday from Lerwick to Yell (£4.50) and Unst; connecting services cover other parts of the island. #### Unst Population 600 You're fast running out of Scotland once you cross to rugged **Unst** (www.unst.org). Britain's most northerly inhabited island is prettier than Yell, with bare, velvety-smooth hills and settlements clinging to waterside locations, fiercely resisting the buffeting winds. 1Sights & Activities oHermaness Nature ReserveNATURE RESERVE (www.nnr-scotland.org.uk) At marvellous Hermaness headland, a 4.5-mile round walk takes you to cliffs where gannets, fulmars and guillemots nest, and numerous puffins frolic. You can see Scotland's most northerly point, the rocks of **Out Stack** , and **Muckle Flugga** , with its lighthouse built by Robert Louis Stevenson's uncle. Duck into the visitor centre ( %01595-711278; admission free; h9am-5pm May-early Sep), with its poignant story about long-time resident Albert Ross. To visit Muckle Flugga, you can charter boats ( %01806-522447; www.muckleflugga.co.uk; 2-hr charter £150 ; hJun-Aug) in summer. oUnst Bus ShelterLANDMARK (www.unstbusshelter.shetland.co.uk; Baltasound) At the turnoff to Littlehamar, just past Baltasound, is Britain's most impressive bus stop. Enterprising locals, tired of waiting in discomfort, decided to do a job on it, and it now boasts posh seating, novels, numerous decorative features and a visitors' book to sign. The theme and colour scheme changes yearly. Unst Heritage CentreMUSEUM ( %01957-755244, 01957-711528; www.unstheritage.com; Haroldswick; adult/child £3/free, combined ticket with Unst Boat Haven £5; h11am-4pm May-Sep) This heritage centre houses a modern museum with a history of the Shetland pony and a re-creation of a croft house. Unst Boat HavenMUSEUM ( %01957-755282, 01957-711528; Haroldswick; adult/child £3/free, combined ticket with Unst Heritage Centre £5; h11am-4pm May-Sep) This large shed is a boaty's delight, packed with a beautifully cared-for collection of Shetland rowing and sailing boats, all with a backstory. Old photos and maritime artefacts speak of the glory days of Unst fishing. 4Sleeping & Eating oGardiesfauld HostelHOSTEL ( %01957-755279; www.gardiesfauld.shetland.co.uk; 2 East Rd, Uyeasound; tent sites per adult/child £6/2, dm £15; hApr-Sep; p W) This spotless hostel has very spacious dorms with lockers, family rooms, a garden, an elegant lounge and a wee conservatory dining area with great bay views. You can camp here too, with separate areas for tents and vans. The bus stops right outside. Bring 20p for a shower. Saxa VordHOSTEL ( %01957-711711; www.saxavord.com; Haroldswick; s/d £21/42; hlate May-early Sep; p W) This former RAF base is not the most atmospheric lodging, but the barracks-style rooms offer great value. The restaurant dishes out reasonable local food, and there's a bar – Britain's northernmost, by our reckoning – and a friendly, helpful atmosphere. Self-catering houses (£450 to £595 per week) are good for families and available year-round. Baltasound HotelHOTEL, PUB ( %01957-711334; www.baltasoundhotel.co.uk; Baltasound; s £45-60, d £90-100; hMay–mid-Oct; p W) Brightly decorated, commodious rooms – some bigger than others – are complemented by wooden chalets arrayed around the lawn. It's worth the tenner upgrade to the 'large doubles', which sport good modern bathrooms. There's a lovely country outlook, and evening bar meals (mains £7 to £12; food served 6pm to 8pm) in a dining room dappled by the setting sun. 8Getting There & Away Unst is connected with Yell and Fetlar by a small ferry ( %01595-745804; www.shetland.gov.uk/ferries) between Gutcher and Belmont (free if coming from Mainland that day, otherwise passenger/car £5.20/7.60 return, 10 minutes, frequent). Three buses a day (except Sunday) run from Lerwick to Unst (£4.60, 2½ hours), via the ferries. There are also services around Unst itself (£1.70 to £1.80). # Understand Great Britain Great Britain Today Around the globe, the early years of the 21st century have been tumultuous, to say the least. How was it for Britain? History From ancient civilisations to contemporary characters, Britain's history is varied – and certainly never dull. The British Table Fish and chips, haggis or chicken tikka masala? Real ale, whisky or fine wine? We will tickle your taste buds. Architecture in Britain In Britain you're never far from an ancient castle, soaring broch or graceful cathedral, while modern buildings continue to impress. The Arts in Britain Everyone knows Shakespeare. We showcase some other leading characters from the British canon of poetry and prose. The British Landscape A geographical variety pack, from sandy beaches to high mountains, with surprisingly diverse wildlife and stunning national parks. Sporting Britain Where to see football, rugby, cricket, golf and more. # Great Britain Today For Britain and the British, the first 15 years of the 21st century has been a time of change, controversy and national soul-searching. Despite a boost to the national mood from the successful London Olympics and Glasgow Commonwealth Games, and signs of the economy emerging from recession, there is a nagging uncertainty about the future. Can Britain survive in its present form? ### The End of the UK? Where once the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was a single political entity, it's now anything but united. From 1999 onwards, the process of devolution has seen the nations of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland get their own ruling bodies – the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh, the Welsh Assembly in Cardiff, and the Northern Ireland Assembly in Belfast – with power over domestic affairs such as health and education. However, when the Scottish National Party won a surprise majority in the Scottish Parliament elections of 2011 they went further, and pledged to hold a referendum on full Scottish independence in 2014. The implications of Scotland breaking away from the UK were hotly debated. Would an independent Scotland need a new currency, or be able to continue using the pound? Would there be border controls with England? Would Scotland be able to remain in the EU? Would the Queen still be head of state? The referendum took place on 18 September 2014, posing the question: 'Should Scotland be an independent country?' The result was that 55% voted to maintain the status quo (with a turnout of 85%). What this means for the future of Scotland – and Britain – remains unclear. Will there be increased powers for the Scottish Parliament? Will there be increased devolution to the English regions? Will the UK become a federal state? This questioning of the balance of power across Britain has led to a reassessment – both by politicians and the people themselves – of what it actually means to be British. This has occurred especially in England where for centuries 'British' and 'English' have meant essentially the same thing. While Wales and Scotland, as smaller nations, have always been more aware of the institutions that bind the countries together – and the tensions that threaten to drive them apart – the English are now having to confront the questions of what Britain actually represents. ### A Crumbling Coalition A key milestone in Britain's recent history was the general election of 2010 when the Labour government was ousted after 13 years in power, but no party won an overall majority. An agreement between the Conservative and Liberal-Democrat parties created the first coalition government in Westminster since WWII. But the relationship between the coalition parties has been turbulent, battered by disagreements over how to tackle the country's problems. Conservative 'rebels' blocked Lib-Dem moves to reform the House of Lords, and the Lib-Dems vetoed Tory plans to cut taxes on the rich, ditch the Human Rights Act and reduce the number of MPs at Westminster. The constraints of coalition have also forced the Lib-Dems to abandon some of their 2010 election pledges, notably a promise not to raise tuition fees for university students in England and Wales. As a result, their support has plummeted. Nonetheless, opinion polls suggest that, once again, no party will win an overall majority in the 2015 UK general election, raising the prospect of minority government, or yet another uneasy coalition. ### The Rise of UKIP Although British politics since 2010 has been dominated by austerity measures supposed to combat the impact of the global financial crisis, by the start of 2014 the economy had been joined by immigration as the issue of most concern. The same year saw the rise to prominence of UKIP (the United Kingdom Independence Party), a right-wing, libertarian party whose flagship policies include cutting back on immigration and taking Britain out of the European Union. UKIP took first place in the European elections of May 2014 with 27.5% of the vote (on a turnout of 34%) – the first time any party other than Labour or Conservative had come first in a UK-wide election since 1906. The result threw Britain into a spin. Did this herald a fundamental change in the direction of British politics? Or was it a protest vote from an electorate fed up with Westminster politicians? Opinion polls suggesting that UKIP might win a couple of Westminster seats in the 2015 election saw both Labour and the Conservatives harden their positions on immigration, while the Tory leader David Cameron pledged that he would offer the country a referendum on whether to stay in the EU if he remained as prime minister after 2015. Best on Film Brief Encounter (1945) Under Milk Wood (1972) Trainspotting (1996) Sense & Sensibility (1996) The Full Monty (1997) Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) War Horse (2011) Best Music God Save The Queen by The Sex Pistols Teardrop by Massive Attack Town Called Malice by The Jam Sultans of Swing by Dire Straits Waterloo Sunset by The Kinks Patience of Angels by Eddi Reader Ghost Town by The Specials Bonkers by Dizzee Rascal Hounds of Love by Kate Bush A Design for Life by Manic Street Preachers I Predict a Riot by Kaiser Chiefs Common People by Pulp Down By The Water by PJ Harvey Shipbuilding by Elvis Costello ### Population 61.4 million ### Area 88,500 sq miles (230,000 sq km) ### GDP per capita £21,800 ### GDP Growth 1.8% ### Inflation 2% ### Unemployment 7.2% # History Britain may be a small country on the edge of Europe, but it has never been on the sidelines of history. For thousands of years, invaders and immigrants have arrived, settled and made their mark. The result is Britain's fascinating mix of landscape, culture and language. That rich historic legacy – everything from Stonehenge to Culloden, via Hadrian's Wall, Canterbury Cathedral, Caernarfon Castle and the Tower of London – is one of the country's main attractions for visitors. Historic Websites www.royal.gov.uk www.bbc.co.uk/history www.englishmonarchs.co.uk www.victorianweb.org Great Britain consists of the countries of England, Wales and Scotland. The United Kingdom (UK) is Great Britain plus Northern Ireland. The British Isles is a _geographical_ term for the islands that make up the UK and the Republic of Ireland, plus others such as the Channel Islands. ## First Arrivals Around 4000 BC, as glaciers retreated in the wake of the Ice Age, a group of migrants arrived from Europe, but instead of hunting and moving on, they settled in one place and started farming. Alongside their fields, Britain's Stone Age people used rocks and turf to build massive burial mounds; the remains of many of these can still be seen, including West Kennet Long Barrow in Wiltshire, Pentre Ifan in Pembrokeshire and Maes Howe in Orkney. But the most impressive legacies left by these nascent Britons were the enigmatic stone circles of Callanish, Avebury and Stonehenge. Probably built around 3000 BC, Stonehenge has stood on Salisbury Plain for more than 5000 years and is older than the famous Great Pyramids of Egypt. ## Iron & Celts During the Iron Age (from 800 BC to AD 100) the population expanded and began to divide into specific tribes. Forests were cleared as more land was used for farming. This led to a patchwork pattern of fields, woods and small villages that still exists today in many parts of rural Britain. As the population grew, territorial defence became an issue, so the Iron Age people left another legacy; the great 'earthwork' castles of southern England, stone forts in northern England and brochs (defensive towers) in Wales and Scotland. The Celts, a people who originally migrated from Central Europe, had settled across much of Britain by around 500 BC. A Celtic-British population developed, comprising around 20 tribes including the Cantiaci (in today's county of Kent), the Iceni (Norfolk), the Brigantes (northwest England), the Picts and Caledonii (Scotland), the Ordivices (parts of Wales) and the Scotti (Ireland). You noticed the Latin-sounding names? That's because the tribal tags were first handed out by the next arrivals on Britain's shores... Christianity was introduced to Britain by the Romans and adopted by the Celts, but the Anglo-Saxons were pagans, and their invasion of Britain forced the Christian religion, along with other aspects of Celtic culture, to the edges of the British Isles – today's Wales, Scotland and Ireland. ## Enter the Romans Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler everyone remembers, made forays to the island of Britain in 55 BC. But the real Roman invasion happened a century later, when Emperor Claudius led a ruthless campaign resulting in the Romans controlling pretty much everywhere in southern England by AD 50. Much of the occupation was straightforward: several Celtic-British tribal kings realised collaboration was more profitable than battle. It wasn't all plain sailing, though, and some locals fought back. The most famous freedom fighter was warrior-queen Boudica, who led an army as far as Londinium, the Roman port on the present site of London. However, opposition was mostly sporadic and no real threat to the legions' military might. By around AD 80 the new province of Britannia (much of today's England and Wales) was firmly under Roman rule. Boudica was queen of the Iceni, a Celtic-British tribe whose territory was invaded by the Romans around AD 60. A year later, she led an army against the Roman settlements of Camulodunum (now Colchester) and Londinium (London), but was eventually defeated at the Battle of Watling Street (in today's Shropshire). ## Exit the Romans Settlement by the Romans in Britain lasted almost four centuries. Intermarriage was common between locals and incomers (many from other parts of the empire, including today's Belgium, Spain and Syria), and a Romano-British population evolved, particularly in the towns, while indigenous Celtic-British culture remained in rural areas. Along with stability and wealth, the Romans introduced a new religion called Christianity, officially recognised by Emperor Constantine in AD 313. Although Romano-British culture was thriving by this time, back in its Mediterranean heartland the empire was already in decline. It was an untidy finale. Britannia was simply dumped by Rome, and the colony slowly fizzled out of existence. But historians are tidy folk, and the end of Roman power in Britain is generally dated at AD 410. ### LEGACY OF THE LEGIONS To control the territory they'd occupied, the Romans built castles and garrisons across Britain, especially in Wales and England. Many of these developed into towns, which can be recognised by names ending in 'chester' or 'caster' (from the Latin castrum, meaning military camp) – Lancaster, Winchester, Manchester, Cirencester and Chester, to name but a few. ## The Emergence of England Britain's post-Roman power vacuum didn't go unnoticed and once again invaders arrived from the European mainland. Angles and Saxons (Teutonic tribes from the land we now call Germany) advanced across the former Roman turf. Historians disagree on exactly what happened next. Either the Anglo-Saxons largely replaced or absorbed the Romano-British and Celtic population, or the indigenous tribes simply adopted Anglo-Saxon language and culture. Either way, by the late 6th century much of the area we now call England was dominated by the Anglo-Saxons and divided into three kingdoms: Wessex (in today's southern England), Mercia (the Midlands) and Northumbria (northern England). In many areas the original inhabitants lived alongside the Anglo-Saxons and remained unaffected by the incomers (the Celtic language was still being spoken in parts of southern England when the Normans invaded 500 years later), but the overall impact was immense: the core of the modern English language is Anglo-Saxon, many place names have Anglo-Saxon roots, and the very term 'Anglo-Saxon' has become a (much-abused and factually incorrect) byword for 'pure English'. _A History of Britain_ by historian and TV star Simon Schama is a highly accessible set of three books, examining events from 3000 BC to AD 2000. ## The Waking of Wales The Celts on the western fringes of the British Isles (particularly in Ireland) kept alive their own distinct yet Roman-influenced culture. And while the Anglo-Saxons occupied eastern Britain, towards the end of the 5th century the Scotti (from today's Ireland) invaded what is today Wales and western Scotland. In response to the invasion, people from the kingdom of Gododdin (near today's Edinburgh) moved to northwest Wales to drive out the invaders, then stayed and settled in the area, which became the kingdom of Gwynedd. (The modern county in northern Wales still proudly bears this name.) More settlers came to Wales from Cornwall and western France, and Christian missionaries arrived from Ireland in the 6th and 7th centuries. The people of Wales were also under pressure to the east, harassed by the Anglo-Saxons. In response, by the 8th century the disparate tribes of Wales had started to band together and sow the seeds of nationhood. They called themselves _cymry_ (fellow countrymen), and today Cymru is the Welsh word for Wales. _Myths and Legends of the British Isles_ by Richard Barber is an ideal read if you want a break from firm historical facts. Learn about King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, plus much more from the mists of time. ## The Stirring of Scotland While Wales was becoming established in the west of Britain, similar events were taking place to the north. The Picts were the region's dominant indigenous tribe and named their kingdom Alba, which remains to this day the Gaelic word for Scotland. Following the end of Roman rule in Britannia, Alba was invaded from two sides: first, towards the end of the 5th century, the Scotti crossed the sea from Ireland and established the kingdom of Dalriada (in what is now Argyll); then in the 7th century, Anglo-Saxons from the expanding English kingdom of Northumbria, moved in to colonise the southeast. But by this time the Scotti were well dug in alongside the Picts, foreshadowing the time when yet another name – Scotland – would be applied to northern Britain. ## The Viking Era In the 9th century, just as the new territories of England, Wales and Scotland were becoming established, Britain was yet again invaded by a bunch of pesky continentals. This time it was the Vikings – Nordic people from today's Scandinavia. It's another classic historical image: blonde hair, horned helmets, big swords, square-sailed longboats, rape and pillage. Tradition has it that Vikings turned up, killed everyone, took everything and left. There's _some_ truth in that, but in reality many Vikings settled in Britain, and their legacy is especially evident in today's northern England, Orkney and Shetland. After conquering northern and eastern areas, the Vikings started to expand into central England. Blocking their route were the Anglo-Saxon armies led by Alfred the Great, the king of Wessex and one of English history's best-known characters. The battles that followed were seminal to the foundation of the nation-state of England, but the fighting didn't all go Alfred's way. For a few months he was on the run, wading through swamps, hiding in peasant hovels and famously burning cakes. It was the stuff of legend, and by 886 Alfred had gathered his strength and pushed the Vikings back to the north. ## United England? Thus England was divided in two: north and east was the Viking 'Danelaw', while south and west was Anglo-Saxon territory. Alfred was hailed as king of the English – the first time the Anglo-Saxons regarded themselves as a truly united people. Alfred's son and successor was Edward the Elder. After more battles, he gained control of the Danelaw, and thus became the first king to rule the whole of England. His son, Athelstan, took the process a stage further and was specifically crowned King of England in 927. But it was hardly cause for celebration: the Vikings were still around, and later in the 10th century more raids from Scandinavia threatened this fledgling English unity. Over the following decades, control swung from Saxon (King Edgar) to Dane (King Knut) and back to Saxon again (King Edward the Confessor). As England came to the end of the 1st millennium AD, the future was anything but certain. _The Year 1000_ by Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger looks long and hard at English life a millennium ago. Apparently it was cold and damp then, too. ## Highs & Lows in Wales Meanwhile, as England fought off the Viking threat, Wales was also dealing with the Nordic intruders. Building on the initial cooperation forced upon them by Anglo-Saxon oppression, in the 9th and 10th centuries the small kingdoms of Wales began cooperating, through necessity, to repel the Vikings. King Rhodri Mawr (who died in 878) defeated a Viking force off the Isle of Anglesey and began the unification process. His grandson Hywel the Good is thought to have been responsible for drawing up a set of laws to bind the disparate Welsh tribes. But just as Wales was becoming a recognisable entity, the fledgling country was faced with more destructive onslaughts than it could handle and in 927 the Welsh kings recognised the Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan as their overlord, in exchange for an anti-Viking alliance. ## Scotland Becomes a Kingdom In the 9th century, the king of the Scotti of Dalriada was one Kenneth MacAlpin. His father was a Scot, but his mother was a Pictish princess, so MacAlpin took advantage of the Pictish custom of matrilineal succession to declare himself ruler of both the Scots _and_ the Picts, and therefore king of all Alba. In a surprisingly short time, the Scots gained cultural and political ascendancy. The Picts were absorbed, and their culture disappeared; Alba became known as Scotia. In the 11th century, Scottish nation-building was further consolidated by King Malcolm III (whose most famous act was the 1057 murder of Macbeth, immortalised by William Shakespeare). With his English queen, Margaret, he founded the Canmore dynasty that would rule Scotland for the next two centuries. ## 1066 & All That Back in England things were unsettled, as the royal pendulum swung between Saxon and Viking monarchs. When King Edward the Confessor died, the crown passed to Harold, his brother-in-law. That should've settled things, but Edward had a cousin in Normandy (the northern part of today's France) called William, who thought that _he_ had a right to the throne of England. The result was the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the most memorable of dates for anyone who's studied English history – or for anyone who hasn't. William sailed from Normandy with an army of Norman soldiers, the Saxons were defeated and Harold was killed (according to tradition, by an arrow in the eye). ## Norman Wisdom William became king of England, earning the title William the Conqueror. It was no idle nickname – to control the Anglo-Saxons, the Norman invaders wisely built castles across their newly won territory, and by 1085–86 the Domesday Book provided a census of England's current stock and future potential. In the years after the invasion, the French-speaking Normans and the English-speaking Anglo-Saxons kept pretty much to themselves. A strict hierarchy of class developed, known as the feudal system. Intermarriage was not completely unknown; William's son, Henry I, married a Saxon princess. Nonetheless, such unifying moves stood for nothing after Henry's death: a bitter struggle for succession followed, finally won by Henry II, who took the throne as the first king of the Plantagenet dynasty. At the top of the feudal system came the monarch, followed by nobles (barons, dukes and bishops), then earls, knights, lords and ladies. At the bottom were peasants or 'serfs'. This strict hierarchy became the basis of a class system that still exists in Britain today. ## Post-Invasion Wales & Scotland To secure his new kingdom, and keep the Welsh in theirs, William the Conqueror built castles and appointed feudal barons along the border. The Lords Marcher, as they were known, became massively rich and powerful, and the parts of western England along the Welsh border are still called the Marches today. In Scotland, King Malcolm III and Queen Margaret were more accommodating to Norman ways. Malcolm's successor, David I (1124–53), adopted the Norman feudal system, as well as granting land to great Norman families. By 1212 a courtier called Walter of Coventry remarked that the Scottish court was 'French in race and manner of life, in speech and in culture'. But while the French-Norman effect changed England and lowland Scotland over the following centuries, further north the Highland clans remained inaccessible in their glens, and were a law unto themselves for another 600 years. ## Royal & Holy Squabbling When the reign of England's Henry I came to an end, the enduring British habit of competition for the throne introduced an equally enduring tendency for bickering between royalty and the church. Things came to a head in 1170 when Henry II had the 'turbulent priest' Thomas Becket murdered in Canterbury Cathedral, where a memorial to Becket can still be seen today. Perhaps the next king, Richard I, wanted to make amends for his forebears' unholy sentiments by leading a crusade (a Christian 'holy war') to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from occupation by Muslim 'heathens' under their leader Saladin. The campaign became known as the Third Crusade, and although the Christian armies captured the cities of Acre and Jaffa, they did not take Jerusalem. Unfortunately, Richard's overseas activities meant he was too busy crusading to bother about governing England and in his absence the country fell into disarray, although his bravery and ruthlessness earned him the sobriquet Richard the Lionheart. Richard was succeeded by his brother John, but under his harsh rule things got even worse for the general population. According to legend, during this time a nobleman called Robert of Loxley, better known as Robin Hood, hid in Sherwood Forest and engaged in a spot of wealth redistribution. ### HELL OF A JOB Despite immense power and privilege, the position of monarch (or, perhaps worse, _potential_ monarch) probably ranks as one of history's most dangerous occupations. English kings have been killed in battle (Harold), beheaded (Charles I), assassinated (William II), murdered by a wicked uncle (allegedly; Edward V) and bumped off by their queen and her lover (Edward II). Life was just as uncertain for the rulers of Wales and Scotland: some murdered by a wicked uncle (really; James I of Scotland), others killed in battle (Llewelyn the Last of Wales, and James IV of Scotland, last British monarch to die on the battlefield). ### MAGNA CARTA In 1215 the barons found King John's erratic rule increasingly hard to swallow and forced him to sign a document called Magna Carta (the Great Charter), limiting the monarch's power for the first time in British history. Although originally intended as a set of handy ground rules, Magna Carta was a fledgling bill of human rights that eventually led to the creation of parliament – a body to rule the country, independent of the throne. The signing took place at Runnymede, near Windsor, and you can still visit the site today. ## Expansionist Edward Edward I of England (1272-1307) was a skilled ruler and ambitious general. During a busy 35-year reign he was unashamedly expansionist in his outlook, leading campaigns into Wales and Scotland. Some decades earlier, the Welsh king Llywelyn the Great (died 1240) had attempted to set up a state in Wales, and his grandson Llywelyn the Last was recognised by Henry III as the first Prince (but not King) of Wales. But Edward I had no time for such niceties, and descended on Wales in a bloody invasion that lasted much of the 1270s. In the end, Wales became a dependent principality, owing allegiance to England. There were no more Welsh kings, and Edward made his own son Prince of Wales. Ever since, the British sovereign's eldest son has automatically been given the title. (Most recently, Prince Charles was formally proclaimed Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969, much to the displeasure of Welsh nationalists.) Edward I then looked north. For 200 years, Scotland had been ruled by the Canmores, but the dynasty effectively ended in 1286 with the death of Alexander III. He was succeeded by his four-year-old granddaughter Margaret ('the Maid of Norway'), who was engaged to the son of Edward I, but she died in 1290 before the wedding could take place. ## Scotland Wins Independence There followed a dispute for the Scottish throne between John Balliol and Robert Bruce of Annandale. Arbitration was needed and Edward I chose Balliol. But Edward then sought to formalise his feudal overlordship and travelled through Scotland forcing local leaders to swear allegiance. In a final blow to Scottish pride, Edward removed the Stone of Destiny, on which the kings of Scotland had been crowned for centuries, and sent it to London. That was too much. In response, Balliol got in touch with Edward's old enemy, France, and arranged a treaty of cooperation, the start of an anti-English partnership 'the Auld Alliance', which was to last for many centuries (and to the present day when it comes to rugby or football). Edward wasn't the sort of bloke to brook opposition, though. In 1296 the English army defeated Balliol, forcing the Scottish barons to accept Edward's rule, and his ruthless retaliation earned him the title 'Hammer of the Scots'. But still the Scottish people refused to lie down; in 1297, at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, the English were defeated by a Scots army under the leadership of William Wallace. Over 700 years later, Wallace is still remembered as a Scottish hero. By this time, Robert the Bruce (grandson of Bruce of Annandale) had crowned himself king of Scotland (1290), been beaten in battle, gone on the run and, while hiding in a cave, been famously inspired to renew his efforts by a spider persistently spinning its web. Bruce's army went on to defeat Edward II's superior English forces at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, a famous victory that led to the official recognition of Scotland as an independent nation, with Bruce as its king, in 1328. The story of William Wallace is told in the Mel Gibson epic _Braveheart_. In devolution debates of the 1990s, the patriotic pride engendered by this movie did more for Scottish nationalism than any politician's speech. ## Stewarts Enter the Scene While the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) rumbled on between England and France, things weren't much better in Scotland. After the death of Robert the Bruce in 1329, the country was ravaged by endless internal conflicts and plague epidemics. Bruce's son became David II of Scotland, but he was soon caught up in battles against fellow Scots disaffected by his father and aided by England's Edward III. So when David died in 1371, the Scots quickly crowned Robert Stewart (Robert the Bruce's grandson) as king, marking the start of the House of Stewart, which was to crop up again in England a bit later down the line. ## Houses of York & Lancaster In 1399 the ineffectual Richard II of England was ousted by a powerful baron called Henry Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV, the first monarch of the House of Lancaster. Less than a year later, his rule was disrupted by a final cry of resistance from the downtrodden Welsh, led by royal descendant Owain Glyndŵr (Owen Glendower). But the rebellion was crushed, Glyndŵr died an outlaw and the Welsh elite were barred from public life for many years. Henry IV was followed by Henry V, who stirred up the dormant Hundred Years' War and defeated France at the Battle of Agincourt. The patriotic speech penned for him by Shakespeare in _Henry V_ ('Cry "God for Harry, England, and St George!"') has ensured his position among the most famous English kings of all time. When the Hundred Years' War finally ground to a halt in 1453, you'd have thought things would be calm for a while, but no. The English forces returning from France threw their energies into a civil war dubbed the Wars of the Roses. Briefly it went like this: Henry VI of the House of Lancaster (emblem, a red rose) was challenged by Richard, Duke of York (emblem, a white rose). Henry was weak and it was almost a walkover for Richard. But Henry's wife, Margaret of Anjou, was made of sterner stuff and her forces defeated the challenger. It didn't rest there. Richard's son Edward entered the scene with an army, turned the tables and finally drove out Henry. He became King Edward IV, first monarch of the House of York. Shakespeare's _Henry V_ was filmed as a superb epic starring Kenneth Branagh as the eponymous king. Also worth catching is the earlier movie of the same name starring Laurence Olivier, made in 1944 as a patriotic rallying cry. ## Dark Deeds in the Tower Edward IV hardly had time to catch his breath before Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and Margaret of Anjou teamed up in 1471 to force him into exile and bring Henry VI back to the throne. But a year later Edward IV came bouncing back: he killed Warwick, captured Margaret and had Henry snuffed out in the Tower of London. Although Edward IV's position seemed secure, he ruled for only a decade before being succeeded by his 12-year-old son, Edward V. But the boy-king's reign was even shorter than his dad's. In 1483 he was mysteriously murdered, along with his brother, and once again the Tower of London was the scene of the crime. With the 'little princes' dispatched, this left the throne open for their dear old Uncle Richard. Whether he was the princes' killer is still the subject of debate, but his rule as Richard III was short-lived. Despite being given another famous Shakespearean sound bite ('A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!'), few tears were shed in 1485 when he was tumbled from the top job by a nobleman from Wales called Henry Tudor, who became Henry VII. ## Moves Towards Unity After the Wars of the Roses, Henry VII's Tudor neutrality was important. He mended fences with his northern neighbours by marrying his daughter to James IV of Scotland, linking the Tudor and Stewart lines, though this didn't stop James IV invading England in 1513, only to be killed at the Battle of Flodden. Henry VII married Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York (daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III), further cementing his claim to the throne. Matrimony may have been more useful than warfare for Henry VII, but the multiple marriages of his successor, Henry VIII, were a very different story. Fathering a male heir was his problem, hence the famous six wives, but the pope's disapproval of divorce and remarriage led to a split with the Roman Catholic Church. Parliament made Henry the head of the Protestant Church of England – the beginning of a pivotal division between Catholics and Protestants that still exists in some areas of Britain. In 1536 Henry followed this up by 'dissolving' many monasteries in Britain and Ireland, a blatant takeover of their land and wealth rather than a symptom of the struggle between church and state. Nonetheless, the general populace felt little sympathy for the wealthy (and often corrupt) abbeys, and in 1539–40 another monastic land grab swallowed the larger ones as well. At the same time, Henry signed the Acts of Union (1536 and 1543), formally uniting England and Wales for the first time. Meanwhile, in Scotland, James IV had been succeeded by James V, who died in 1542. His baby daughter Mary became queen, and Scotland was ruled by regents. _Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII,_ by historian David Starkey, is an accessible modern study of the multi-marrying monarch. ## The Elizabethan Age Henry VIII died in 1547, succeeded by his son Edward VI, then by his daughter Mary I, but their reigns were short. So, unexpectedly, Elizabeth, third in line, came to the throne. As Elizabeth I, she inherited a nasty mess of religious strife and divided loyalties, but after an uncertain start she gained confidence and turned the country around. Refusing marriage, she borrowed biblical imagery and became known as the Virgin Queen, making her perhaps the first British monarch to create a cult image. It paid off. Her 45-year reign was a period of boundless optimism, characterised by the naval defeat of the Spanish Armada, the expansion of trade due to the global explorations of seafarers such as Walter Raleigh and Francis Drake, not to mention a cultural flourishing thanks to writers such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe. The 1998 film _Elizabeth,_ directed by Shekhar Kapur and starring Cate Blanchett, covers the early years of the Virgin Queen's rule, as she graduates from princess to commanding monarch – a time of forbidden love, unwanted suitors, intrigue and death. ### MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS During Elizabeth I's reign, her cousin Mary (the Catholic daughter of Scottish King James V) had become known as Mary, Queen of Scots. She'd spent her childhood in France and had married the French _dauphin_ (crown prince), thereby becoming queen of France as well. Why stop at two? After her husband's death, Mary returned to Scotland, where she claimed the English throne as well, on the grounds that Elizabeth I was illegitimate. However, Mary's plans failed. She was imprisoned and forced to abdicate in favour of her son (a Protestant, who became James VI of Scotland), but she escaped to England and appealed to Elizabeth for help. This was a bad move; Mary was seen, not surprisingly, as a security risk and imprisoned once again. In an uncharacteristic display of indecision, Elizabeth held Mary under arrest for nearly 19 years before finally ordering her execution. As a prisoner, Mary was frequently moved from house to house, so that today England has many stately homes (and even a few pubs) claiming 'Mary, Queen of Scots slept here'. ## United & Disunited Britain Elizabeth I died in 1603 without an heir, and was succeeded by her closest relative James, the safely Protestant son of the executed Mary. He became James I of England and James VI of Scotland, the first English monarch of the House of Stuart (Mary's time in France had Gallicised the Stewart name). Most importantly, James united England, Wales and Scotland into one kingdom for the first time in history – another step towards British unity. James' attempts to smooth religious relations were set back by the anti-Catholic outcry that followed the infamous Guy Fawkes Gunpowder Plot, a terrorist attempt to blow up parliament in 1605. The event is still celebrated every 5 November with fireworks, bonfires and burning effigies of Guy himself. Alongside the Catholic-Protestant rift, the divide between king and parliament continued to smoulder. The power struggle worsened during the reign of the next king, Charles I, and eventually degenerated into the Civil War of 1642–49. The antiroyalist (or 'parliamentarian') forces were led by Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan who preached against the excesses of the monarchy and established Church. His army (known as the Roundheads) was pitched against the king's forces (the Cavaliers) in a conflict that tore England apart. It ended with victory for the Roundheads, with the king executed, England declared a republic and Cromwell hailed as 'Protector'. The Civil War extended into Scotland where the main struggle was between royalists and radical 'Covenanters', who sought freedom from state interference in church government. On the chilly day of his execution, dethroned King Charles I reputedly wore two shirts to avoid shivering and being regarded as a coward. ## Return of the King By 1653 Cromwell was finding parliament too restrictive and he assumed dictatorial powers, much to his supporters' dismay. On his death in 1658, he was followed half-heartedly by his son, but in 1660 parliament decided to re-establish the monarchy, as republican alternatives were proving far worse. Charles II (the exiled son of Charles I) came to the throne, and his rule, known as 'the Restoration', saw scientific and cultural activity bursting forth. Exploration and expansion were also on the agenda. Backed by the army and navy (modernised, ironically, by Cromwell), British colonies stretched down the American coast, while the East India Company set up headquarters in Bombay (now Mumbai), laying foundations for what was to become the British Empire. The next king, James II, had a harder time. Attempts to ease restrictive laws on Catholics ended with his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne by William III, the Protestant king of Holland, better known as William of Orange. William was married to James' own daughter Mary, but it didn't stop him having a bash at his father-in-law. William and Mary came to the throne as King and Queen, each in their own right (Mary had more of a claim, but William would not agree to be a mere consort), and their joint accession in 1688 was known as the Glorious Revolution. _Walks Through Britain's History_ (published by the Automobile Association) guides you on foot to castles, battlefields and hundreds of other sites with a link to the past. Take the air. Breathe in history! ## Act of Union In 1694 Mary died, leaving William as sole monarch. He died a few years later and was succeeded by his sister-in-law Anne (the second daughter of James II). In 1707, during Anne's reign, the Act of Union was passed, bringing an end to the independent Scottish Parliament and linking the countries of England, Wales and Scotland under one parliament (based in London) for the first time. The nation of Britain was now established as a single state, with a bigger, better and more powerful parliament, and a constitutional monarchy with clear limits on the power of the king or queen. The new-look parliament didn't wait long to flex its muscles. The Act of Union banned any Catholic, or anyone married to a Catholic, from ascending the throne – a rule still in force today. In 1714 Anne died without leaving an heir, marking the end of the Stuart line. The throne was then passed to distant (but still safely Protestant) German relatives: the House of Hanover. ## The Jacobite Rebellions Despite, or perhaps because of, the 1707 Act of Union, anti-English feeling in Scotland refused to disappear. The Jacobite rebellions, most notably those of 1715 and 1745, were attempts to overthrow the Hanoverian monarchy and bring back the Stuarts. Although these are iconic events in Scottish history, in reality there was never much support for the Jacobite cause outside the Highlands: the people of the lowlands were mainly Protestant, and feared a return to the Catholicism that the Stuarts represented. The 1715 rebellion was led by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender), the son of the exiled James II of England (James VII of Scotland), but when the attempt failed he fled to France. To impose control on the Highlands, General George Wade was commissioned to build a network of military roads through many previously inaccessible glens. In 1745 James' son Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Young Pretender) landed in Scotland to claim the crown for his father. He was initially successful, moving south into England as far as Derby, but the prince and his Highland army suffered a catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; his legendary escape to the western isles is remembered in 'The Skye Boat Song'. General Wade is remembered too, as many of the roads his troops built are still in use today. ## The Empire Strikes Out By the mid-18th century, struggles for the British throne seemed a thing of the past, and the Hanoverian kings increasingly relied on parliament to govern the country. As part of the process, from 1721 to 1742 a senior parliamentarian called Sir Robert Walpole effectively became Britain's first prime minister. Meanwhile, the British Empire continued to grow in America, Canada and India. The first claims were made on Australia after Captain James Cook's epic voyage of exploration in 1768. The empire's first major reverse came when the American colonies won the War of Independence (1776–83). This setback forced Britain to withdraw from the world stage for a while, a gap not missed by French ruler Napoleon. He threatened to invade Britain and hinder the power of the British overseas, before his ambitions were curtailed by naval hero Admiral Nelson and military hero the Duke of Wellington at the famous battles of Trafalgar (1805) and Waterloo (1815). Captain Cook's voyage to the southern hemisphere was primarily a scientific expedition. His objectives included monitoring the transit of Venus, an astronomical event that happens only twice every 180 years or so (most recently in 2004 and 2012). 'Discovering' Australia was just a sideline. At its height, the British Empire covered 20% of the land area of Earth and contained a quarter of the world's population. ## The Industrial Age While the empire expanded abroad, at home Britain became the crucible of the Industrial Revolution. Steam power (patented by James Watt in 1781) and steam trains (launched by George Stephenson in 1830) transformed methods of production and transport, and the towns of the English Midlands became the first industrial cities. From about 1750, much of the Scottish Highlands was emptied of people, as landowners casually expelled entire farms and villages to make way for more profitable sheep, a seminal event in Scotland's history known as the Clearances. Although many of the dispossessed left for the New World, others headed to the burgeoning cotton mills of Lanarkshire and the shipyards of Glasgow. By the early 19th century, copper, iron and slate were being extracted in the Merthyr Tydfil and Monmouth areas of Wales. The 1860s saw the Rhondda valleys opened up for coal mining, and Wales soon became a major exporter of coal, as well as the world's leading producer of tin plate. Across Britain, industrialisation meant people were on the move as never before, leaving the farms and villages their families had occupied for generations. The rapid change from rural to urban society caused great dislocation, and although knowledge of science and medicine also improved alongside industrial advances, for many people the adverse side effects of Britain's economic blossoming were poverty and deprivation. ## Age of Empire Despite the social turmoil of the early 19th century, by the time Queen Victoria took the throne in 1837 Britain's factories dominated world trade and British fleets dominated the oceans. The rest of the 19th century was seen as Britain's Golden Age, a period of confidence not enjoyed since the days of the last great queen, Elizabeth I. Victoria ruled a proud nation at home and great swaths of territories abroad, from Canada through much of Africa and India to Australia and New Zealand, trumpeted as 'the empire on which the sun never sets'. The times were optimistic, but it wasn't all tub-thumping jingoism. Disraeli and his successor William Gladstone also introduced social reforms to address the worst excesses of the Industrial Revolution. Education became universal, trade unions were legalised and the right to vote was extended in a series of reform acts, finally being granted to all men over the age of 21 in 1918, and to all women in 1928. ## World War I When Queen Victoria died in 1901, it seemed Britain's energy fizzled out too. The new king, Edward VII, ushered in the relaxed Edwardian era – and a long period of decline. Meanwhile, in continental Europe, other states were more active: four restless military powers (Russia, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Germany) focused their sabre-rattling on the Balkan states, and the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand at Sarajevo in 1914 finally sparked a clash that became the 'Great War' we now call WWI. Soldiers from Britain and Allied countries were drawn into a conflict of horrendous slaughter, most infamously on the killing fields of Flanders and the beaches of Gallipoli. By the war's weary end in 1918, over a million Britons had died (plus millions more from many other countries) and there was hardly a street or village untouched by death, as the sobering lists of names on war memorials all over Britain still show. One of the finest novels about WWI is _Birdsong_ , by Sebastian Faulks. Understated, perfectly paced and intensely moving, it tells of passion, fear, waste, incompetent generals and the poor bloody infantry. ## Disillusion & Depression For the soldiers who did return from WWI, the war had created disillusion and a questioning of the social order. Many supported the ideals of a new political force, the Labour Party, to represent the working class. Meanwhile, the bitter Anglo-Irish War (1919–21) saw most of Ireland achieving full independence from Britain. Six counties in the north remained British, creating a new political entity called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But the decision to partition the island of Ireland was to have long-term repercussions that still dominate political agendas in both the UK and the Republic of Ireland today. The Labour Party won for the first time in the 1923 election, in coalition with the Liberals. James Ramsay MacDonald was the first Labour prime minister, but by the mid-1920s the Conservatives were back. The world economy was now in decline and in the 1930s the Great Depression meant another decade of misery and political upheaval. ## World War II In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and in 1939 Germany invaded Poland, drawing Britain once again into war. The German army swept through Europe and pushed back British forces to the beaches of Dunkirk (northern France) in June 1940. An extraordinary flotilla of rescue vessels turned total disaster into a brave defeat, and Dunkirk Day is still remembered with pride and sadness every year in Britain. By mid-1940 most of Europe was controlled by Germany. In Russia, Stalin had negotiated a peace agreement. The USA was neutral, leaving Britain virtually isolated. Into this arena came a new prime minister, Winston Churchill. Between September 1940 and May 1941, the German air force launched the Blitz, a series of (mainly night-time) bombing raids on London and other cities. Despite this, morale in Britain remained strong, thanks partly to Churchill's regular radio broadcasts. In late 1941 the USA entered the war, and the tide began to turn. By 1944 Germany was in retreat. Russia pushed back from the east, and Britain, the USA and other Allies were again on the beaches of France. The Normandy landings (or D-Day, as they are better remembered) marked the start of the liberation of Europe's western side. By 1945 Hitler was dead and the war was finally over. Normandy Landings Statistics Largest military armada in history More than 5000 ships Approximately 150,000 Allied troops landed Campaign time: four days ### WINSTON CHURCHILL Born in 1874 to an aristocratic family, Winston Churchill is Britain's most famous prime minister. As a young man he joined the British Army and saw action in India and Africa. He was first elected to parliament as a Conservative MP (Member of Parliament) in 1900, and held various ministerial positions through the 1920s. In 1939 Britain entered WWII, and by 1940 Churchill was prime minister, taking additional responsibility as minister of defence. Hitler had expected an easy victory, but Churchill's extraordinary dedication, not to mention his radio speeches (most famously offering 'nothing but blood, toil, tears and sweat' and promising to 'fight on the beaches'), inspired the British people to resist. Between July and October 1940 the Royal Air Force withstood Germany's aerial raids to win what became known as the Battle of Britain, a major turning point in the war – in Churchilll's words of praise for the RAF, 'never was so much owed by so many to so few'. It was an audacious strategy, but it paid off and Churchill was lauded as a national hero – praise that continued to the end of the war, and well beyond his death in 1965. The six decades since the end of WWII are neatly covered in _A History of Modern Britain,_ a handy overview focusing on political events, by TV presenter and commentator Andrew Marr. ## Swinging & Sliding Despite victory in WWII, there was an unexpected swing on the political front in 1945. An electorate tired of war and hungry for change tumbled Churchill's Conservatives in favour of the Labour Party. In 1952 George VI was succeeded by his daughter Elizabeth II and, following the trend set by earlier queens Elizabeth I and Victoria, she has remained on the throne for over six decades, overseeing a period of massive social and economic change. By the late 1950s, recovery was strong enough for Prime Minister Harold Macmillan to famously remind the British people they had 'never had it so good'. By the time the 1960s had started, grey old Britain was suddenly more fun and lively than it had been for generations. Although the 1960s were swinging, the 1970s saw an economic slide thanks to a grim combination of inflation, the oil crisis and international competition. The rest of the decade was marked by strikes, disputes and all-round gloom. Neither the Conservatives (also known as the Tories), under Edward Heath, nor Labour, under Harold Wilson and Jim Callaghan, proved capable of controlling the strife. The British public had had enough, and in the elections of 1979 the Conservatives won a landslide victory, led by a little-known politician named Margaret Thatcher. ## The Thatcher Years Soon everyone had heard of Margaret Thatcher. Love her or hate her, no one could argue that her methods weren't dramatic. Looking back from a 21st-century vantage point, most commentators agree that by economic measures the Thatcher government's policies were largely successful, but by social measures they were a failure and created a polarised Britain: on one side were the people who gained from the prosperous wave of opportunities in the 'new' industries, while on the other side were those left unemployed and dispossessed by the decline of the 'old' industries such as coal-mining and steel production. Despite, or perhaps thanks to, policies that were frequently described as uncompromising, Margaret Thatcher was, by 1988, the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century. For detail on the 1980s, read _No Such Thing as Society_ , by Andy McSmith. Drawing on Margaret Thatcher's famous quotation, this book studies the era dominated by the Iron Lady. ## New Labour, New Millennium The political pendulum started to swing again in the early 1990s. The turning point came in 1997, when 'New' Labour swept to power, with leader Tony Blair declared the new Prime Minister. The Labour Party enjoyed an extended honeymoon period, and the next election (in 2001) was another walkover. The Conservative Party continued to struggle, allowing Labour to win a historic third term in 2005, and a year later Tony Blair became the longest-serving Labour prime minister in British history. In May 2010, a record 13 years of Labour rule came to an end, and a new coalition between the Conservative and Liberal-Democrat Parties became the new government. For a full-colour review of the 2012 Games, from the early construction to the grand finale, read _London 2012 Olympic & Paralympic Games: The Official Commemorative Book,_ by Tom Knight and Sybil Ruscoe. #### Timeline 4000 BC Neolithic peoples migrate from continental Europe. They differ significantly from previous arrivals: instead of hunting and moving on, they settle in one place and start farming. c 500 BC The Celts, a group originally from Central Europe, arrive in Britain, and by the middle of the 1st millennium BC have settled across much of the island, absorbing the indigenous people. c 55 BC Relatively small groups of Roman invaders under the command of Julius Caesar make forays into southern England from the northern coast of Gaul (today's France). AD 43 Emperor Claudius leads the first proper Roman invasion of England. His army wages a ruthless campaign, and the Romans control most of southern England by AD 50. 60 Warrior-queen Boudica leads an army against the Romans, destroys the Roman town of Colchester and gets as far as Londinium, the Roman port on the present site of London. 60 In Wales the Celts, led by their mystic faith-healers, the druids, fight a last stand on Anglesey against the Roman army; they are beaten but not totally conquered. 122 Rather than conquer wild north British tribes, Emperor Hadrian settles for building a coast-to-coast barricade. For nearly 300 years, Hadrian's Wall marks the northernmost limit of the Roman Empire. 200 The Romans build a defensive wall around the city of London with four main entrance gates, still remembered today by the districts of Aldgate, Ludgate, Newgate and Bishopsgate. c 410 As the classical world's greatest empire finally declines after more than three centuries of relative peace and prosperity, Roman rule ends in Britain with more of a whimper than a bang. 5th century Teutonic tribes (known today as the Anglo-Saxons) from the area now called Germany migrate to England and quickly spread across much of the country. Late 5th century The Scotti people (from today's Ireland) invade the land of the Picts (today's Scotland). In today's Argyll they establish the kingdom of Dalriada. Early 6th century St Columba establishes a Christian mission on the Scottish island of Iona. By the late 8th century the mission is responsible for the conversion of most of Scotland. 6th century St David is born, going on to establish a sacred place of worship in Pembrokeshire and becoming the patron saint of Wales. 597 Pope Gregory sends missionary St Augustine to southern England to revive interest in Christianity among the southern Anglo-Saxons. His colleague St Aidan similarly converts many people in northern England. 7th century Anglo-Saxons from the expanding English kingdom of Northumbria attempt to colonise southeast Alba (today's southern Scotland) and are met by the Scotti. 685 The Pictish king Bridei defeats the Northumbrians at Nechtansmere in Angus, an against-the-odds victory that sets the foundations for Scotland as a separate entity. 8th century King Offa of Mercia orders the construction of a clear border between his kingdom and Wales – a defensive ditch called Offa's Dyke, still visible today. 850 Vikings come from today's Denmark and conquer east and northeast England. They establish their capital at Jorvik, today's city of York. 872 The King of Norway creates an earldom in Orkney; Shetland is also governed from here. These island groups become a Viking base for raids and colonisation into Scotland and northern England. 9th century Kenneth MacAilpin, the king of the Scotti, declares himself ruler of both the Scots _and_ the Picts, thus uniting Scotland north of the Firth of Forth into a single kingdom. 927 Athelstan, grandson of Alfred the Great, son of Edward the Elder, is the first monarch to be specifically crowned King of England, building on his ancestors' success in regaining Viking territory. 1018 Scottish King Malcolm II defeats the Northumbrians at the battle of Carham and gains the Lothian region, thus expanding the size of Scotland. 1040 Macbeth takes the Scottish throne after defeating Duncan in battle. This, and the fact that he was later killed by Duncan's son Malcolm, are the only parallels with the Shakespeare play. 1066 Battle of Hastings – a crucial date in English history. Incumbent King Harold is defeated by an invading Norman army, and England has a new monarch: William the Conqueror. 1085–86 The new Norman rulers establish the Domesday Book census. Within three years they have a snapshot of England's current stock and future potential. 1095 The start of the First Crusade – a campaign of Christian European armies against the Muslim occupation of Jerusalem and the 'Holy Land'. A series of crusades continues until 1272. 1124–53 The rule of David I of Scotland – the Scottish aristocracy adopts the Norman feudal system, and the king grants land to great Norman families. 12th century Oxford University is founded. There's evidence of teaching in the area since 1096, but King Henry II's 1167 ban on students attending the University of Paris solidified Oxford's importance. 1215 King John signs the Magna Carta, limiting the monarch's power for the first time in English history in an early step along the path towards constitutional rule. 13th century Wales is invaded by English King Edward I, bringing to an end the rule of Welsh leader 'Llywelyn the Last'. Edward builds a ring of castles to suppress further Welsh uprisings. 1295 John Balliol of Scotland and Philip IV of France sign a mutual defence treaty that establishes the 'Auld Alliance' – this predominantly anti-English agreement remains in place for several centuries. 1296 King Edward I marches on Scotland with an army of 30,000 men and in a brutal invasion captures the castles of Berwick, Edinburgh, Roxburgh and Stirling. 1298−1305 William Wallace is proclaimed Guardian of Scotland in 1298. After Edward's army defeats the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk, Wallace goes into hiding but is betrayed and executed in 1305. 1314 An army under Robert the Bruce wins against the English at the Battle of Bannockburn – a victory that consolidated Scottish independence for the next 400 years. 1328 Continuing raids by the Scots into northern England force the English to sue for peace; the Treaty of Northampton gives Scotland its independence, with Robert I, the Bruce, as king. 1337–1453 England battles France in a long conflict known as the Hundred Years' War. It was actually a series of small conflicts. And it lasted for more than a century, too... 1348 The bubonic plague (called the Black Death) arrives, ultimately killing more than a third of the population. For peasant labourers who survived, an upside was a rise in wages. 1371 The last of the Bruce dynasty dies, succeeded by the Stewards (Stewarts), who rule Scotland and then Britain for the next three centuries. 1381 Richard II is confronted by the Peasants' Revolt. This attempt by commoners to overthrow the feudal system is brutally suppressed, further injuring an already deeply divided country. 1400 Welsh nationalist hero Owain Glyndŵr leads the Welsh in rebellion, declaring a parliament in Machynlleth, but his rebellion is short-lived and victory fleeting. 1459–71 The Wars of the Roses takes place – an ongoing conflict between two competing dynasties, the Houses of Lancaster and York. The Yorkists are eventually successful, enabling King Edward IV to gain the throne. 1468−69 Orkney and then Shetland are mortgaged to Scotland as part of a dowry from Danish King Christian I, whose daughter is to marry the future King James III of Scotland. 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth to become King Henry VII, establishing the Tudor dynasty and ending York-Lancaster rivalry for the throne. 1509–47 The reign of King Henry VIII. The Pope's disapproval of Henry's serial marriage and divorce results in the English Reformation – the founding of the Church of England. 1536 & 1543 English authority is exerted over Wales; the Laws in Wales Acts, also known as the Acts of Union, formally tie the two countries as a single political entity. 1560 The Scottish Parliament creates a Protestant Church that is independent of Rome and the monarchy, as a result of the Reformation. The Latin Mass is abolished and the pope's authority denied. 1588 The first complete translation of the Bible into Welsh helps the cause of Protestantism and also helps the survival of the neglected Welsh language. 1558–1603 The reign of Queen Elizabeth I, a period of boundless English optimism. Enter stage right playwright William Shakespeare. Exit due west navigators Walter Raleigh and Francis Drake. 1603 James VI of Scotland inherits the English throne in the so-called Union of the Crowns, becoming James I of England and James VI of Scotland. 1642–49 English Civil War between the king's Cavaliers and Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads establishes the Commonwealth of England. 1688 William of Orange and his wife, Mary, daughter of King James II, jointly ascend the throne after William defeats his father-in-law in the Glorious Revolution. 1692 The Massacre of Glencoe causes further rifts between those clans loyal to the British crown and those loyal to the old ways. 1707 The Act of Union brings England and Scotland under one parliament, one sovereign and one flag. 1745−46 The culmination of the Jacobite uprisings sees Bonnie Prince Charlie land in Scotland, gather an army and march southwards, to be eventually defeated at the Battle of Culloden. 1749 Author and magistrate Henry Fielding founds the Bow Street Runners, cited as London's first professional police force. A 1792 Act of Parliament allows the Bow Street model to spread across England. 1776–83 The American War of Independence is the British Empire's first major reverse, a fact not missed by French ruler Napoleon. 1799–1815 In the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon threatens invasion on a weakened Britain, but his ambitions are curtailed by Nelson and Wellington at the famous battles of Trafalgar (1805) and Waterloo (1815). 1858 & 1860 The first modern national eisteddfods are held in Llangollen and Denbigh – although earlier ones had been organised from the end of the 18th century as part of a Welsh cultural revival. 1837–1901 The reign of Queen Victoria, during which the British Empire – 'on which the sun never sets' – expands from Canada through Africa and India to Australia and New Zealand. 1847 Publication of a government report, dubbed the 'Treason of the Blue Books' _,_ suggests the Welsh language is detrimental to education in Wales, and fuels the Welsh-language struggle. 1900 James Keir Hardie (usually known as just Keir Hardie) becomes the first Labour MP, winning a seat in the Welsh mining town of Merthyr Tydfyl. 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in the Balkan city of Sarajevo – the final spark in a decade-long crisis that starts the Great War, now called WWI. 1916 The Welsh Liberal MP David Lloyd George becomes the British prime minister in an alliance with the Conservative Party, having built a reputation for championing the poor and needy. 1926 Increasing mistrust of the government, fuelled by soaring unemployment, leads to the General Strike. Millions of workers – train drivers, miners, shipbuilders – down tools and bring the country to a halt. 1939–45 WWII rages across Europe, and much of Africa and Asia. Britain and Allies including America, Russia, Australia, India and New Zealand eventually defeat the armies of Germany, Japan and Italy. 1946–48 The Labour Party nationalises key industries such as shipyards, coal mines and steel foundries. Britain's 'big four' train companies are combined into British Railways. 1948 Aneurin Bevan, the health minister in the Labour government, launches the National Health Service – the core of Britain as a 'welfare state'. 1952 Princess Elizabeth becomes Queen Elizabeth II when her father, George VI, dies. Her coronation takes place in Westminster Abbey in June 1953. 1955 & 1959 Cardiff is declared the Welsh capital in 1955, and Wales gets its own official flag (the red dragon on a green and white field) in 1959. 1960s It's the era of African and Caribbean independence, including Nigeria (1960), Tanzania (1961), Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago (1962), Kenya (1963), Malawi (1964), The Gambia (1965) and Barbados (1966). 1960s At home, it's the era of Beatlemania. Successful songs like 'Please, Please Me' ensure the Beatles become household names in Britain, then America – then the world. 1971 Britain adopts the 'decimal' currency (one pound equals 100 pence) and drops the ancient system of one pound equals 20 shillings or 240 pennies, the centuries-old bane of school maths lessons. 1970s The discovery of oil and gas in the North Sea brings new prosperity to Aberdeen in Scotland and the surrounding area, and also to the Shetland Islands. 1972 In Uganda, East Africa, the dictator Idi Amin expels all people of Asian origin. Many have British passports and migrate to Britain, settling predominantly in London and the cities of the Midlands. 1979 A Conservative government led by Margaret Thatcher wins the national election, a major milestone of Britain's 20th-century history, ushering in a decade of dramatic political and social change. 1982 Britain is victorious in a war against Argentina over the invasion of the Falkland Islands, leading to a rise in patriotic sentiment. 1990 Mrs Thatcher is ousted as leader and the Conservative Party enters a period of decline, but remains in power thanks to inept Labour opposition. 1992 Labour remains divided between traditionalists and modernists. The Conservatives, under their new leader John Major, confound the pundits and unexpectedly win the general election. 1997 The general election sees Tony Blair lead 'New' Labour to victory in the polls, with a record-breaking parliamentary majority, ending more than 20 years of Tory rule. 1999 The first National Assembly is elected for Wales, with the members sitting in a new building in Cardiff; Rhodri Morgan becomes First Minister. 1999–2004 Scottish Parliament is convened for the first time on 12 May 1999. Five years later, after plenty of scandal and huge sums of money, a new parliament building is opened at Holyrood in Edinburgh. 2001 Tony Blair and Labour continue to enjoy a honeymoon period and another victory at the 2001 general election, although their majority is reduced. 2003 Britain joins America and other countries in the invasion of Iraq, initially with some support from parliament and public, despite large antiwar street demonstrations in London and other cities. 2007 The Government of Wales Bill heralds the largest transfer of power from Westminster to Cardiff since the founding of the National Assembly. 2010 Labour is narrowly defeated in the general election as the minority Liberal-Democrats align with the Conservatives to form the first coalition government in Britain's postwar history. 2014 A referendum is held in Scotland, asking the question 'Should Scotland be an independent country?' The result: 55% vote No, 45% vote Yes. # The British Table The idea of British cuisine was once a bit of a joke. But a culinary landmark came in 2005, when food bible _Gourmet_ magazine famously singled out London as having the best collection of restaurants in the world. In the years since then the choice for food lovers – whatever their budget – has continued to improve. London is now regarded as a global gastronomic capital, and it's increasingly easy to find great food all over Britain. ## Eating in Britain The infamous outbreaks of 'mad cow' disease in the 1990s are ancient history now, and British beef is once again exported to the world, but an upside of the bad press at the time was a massive surge in demand for good-quality food. That means wherever you go in Britain today, you'll find a plethora of organic, natural, unadulterated, chemical-free, free-range, hand-reared, locally farmed, nonintensive foods available in shops, markets, cafes and restaurants. Alongside this greater awareness of quality and provenance, there have been other changes to British food thanks to outside influences. For decades most towns have boasted Italian, Chinese and Indian restaurants, so spaghetti carbonara, chow mein or vindaloo are no longer considered exotic, and in more recent times dishes from Japan, Korea or Thailand and other Asian countries have also become widely available. The overall effect of these foreign influences has been the introduction to 'traditional' British cuisine of new techniques, new ingredients and new herbs and spices. So now we have 'modern British cuisine', where even humble bangers and mash (sausage with mashed potato) are raised to new heights when handmade pork, apple and thyme-scented sausages are paired with lightly chopped fennel and red wine gravy. But beware the domination of style over substance: you're often better spending £5 on a top-notch curry in Birmingham or a homemade steak-and-ale pie in a country pub than forking out £30 in a city restaurant for a 'modern European' concoction that tastes like it came from a can. Britain's most popular restaurant dish is chicken tikka masala, an 'Indian' curry dish created specifically for the British palate and unheard of in India itself. ## The Full British Although grazing on a steady supply of snacks is increasingly commonplace in Britain, as it is in many other industrialised nations, the British culinary day is still punctuated by the three traditional meals of breakfast, lunch and dinner. And just to keep you on your toes, those later meals are also called dinner and tea or lunch and supper – depending on social class and geographical location. In Yorkshire, the eponymous pudding is traditionally a _starter,_ a reminder of days when food was scarce and the pudding was a pre-meal stomach-filler. ### Breakfast Many people in Britain make do with toast or a bowl of cereal before dashing to work, but visitors staying in hotels and B&Bs will undoubtedly encounter a phenomenon called the 'Full English Breakfast' – or one of its regional equivalents. This usually consists of bacon, sausages, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms, baked beans and fried bread. In Scotland the 'full Scottish breakfast' might include oatcakes instead of fried bread. In Wales you may be offered laver bread, which is not a bread at all but seaweed – a tasty speciality often served with oatmeal and bacon on toast. In northern England you may get black pudding. And just in case you thought this insufficient, it's still preceded by cereal, and followed by toast and marmalade. If you don't feel like eating half a farmyard first thing in the morning, most places offer a lighter alternative or local speciality such as kippers (smoked fish) or a 'continental breakfast', which completely omits the cooked stuff and may even add something exotic such as croissants. According to the Soil Association (www.soilassoci­ation.org), the leading organic-food campaign group, more than 85% of people in Britain want pesticide-free food. See www.organicfood.com for more information. ### Lunch One of the many great inventions that England gave the world is the sandwich, often eaten as a midday meal. Slapping a slice of cheese or ham between two bits of bread may seem a simple concept, but no one apparently thought of it until the 18th century, when the Earl of Sandwich (his title comes from the Southeast England town of Sandwich that originally got its name from the Viking word for sandy beach) ordered his servants to bring cold meat between bread so he could keep working at his desk, or, as some historians claim, continue playing cards late at night. Another lunch classic that perhaps epitomises British food more than any other – especially in pubs – is the ploughman's lunch. Basically it's bread and cheese, and although hearty yokels probably did carry such food to the fields (no doubt wrapped in a red-spotted handkerchief) in days of yore, the meal is actually a modern phenomenon. It was invented in the 1960s by the marketing chief of the national cheese-makers' organisation as a way to boost consumption, neatly cashing in on public nostalgia and fondness for tradition. You can still find a basic ploughman's lunch offered in some pubs – and it undeniably goes well with a pint or two of local ale at lunch­time – but these days the meal has usually been smartened up to include butter, salad, pickle, pickled onion and dressings. At some pubs you get a selection of cheeses. You'll also find other variations, such as a farmer's lunch (bread and chicken), stockman's lunch (bread and ham), Frenchman's lunch (brie and baguette) and fisherman's lunch (you guessed it, with fish). For cheese and bread in a different combination, try Welsh rarebit – a sophisticated variation of cheese on toast, seasoned and flavoured with butter, milk and sometimes a little beer. For a takeaway lunch in Scotland, look out for stovies (tasty pies of meat, mashed onion and fried potato). ### NOSE TO TAIL CUISINE One of the many trends enjoyed by modern British cuisine is the revival of 'nose to tail' cooking – that is, making use of the entire animal, not just the more obvious cuts. This doesn't mean boiling or grilling a pig or sheep all in one go – it means utilising the parts that may at first seem unappetising or, frankly, inedible. So as well as dishes involving liver, heart, chitterlings (intestines) and other offal, traditional delights such as bone marrow on toast, or tripe (cow's stomach lining) with onions are once again gracing the menus of fashionable restaurants. The movement has been spearheaded by chef Fergus Henderson at his St John restaurant in London, and through his influential book, _Nose to Tail Eating: A Kind of British Cooking_ (1999) and its follow-up _Beyond Nose to Tail_ (2007). ### Dinner For generations, a typical British dinner has been 'meat and two veg'. The meat is pork, beef or lamb, one of the vegetables is potatoes and the other inevitably carrots, cabbage or cauliflower – and just as inevitably cooked long and hard. Although tastes and diets are changing, this classic combination still graces the tables of many British families several times a week. And when the British say beef, they usually mean roast beef – a dish that's become a symbol of the nation, and the reason why the French call the British _les rosbifs_. Perhaps the most famous beef comes from Scotland's Aberdeen Angus cattle, while the best-known meat from Wales is lamb. Venison – usually from red deer – is readily available in Scotland, as well as in parts of Wales and England, most notably in the New Forest. With beef – especially at Sunday lunches – comes another British classic: Yorkshire pudding. It's simply roast batter, but very tasty when cooked properly. Yet another classic British dish brings together Yorkshire pudding and sausages to create the delightfully named 'toad-in-the-hole'. Perhaps the best-known British meal is fish and chips, often bought from the 'chippie' wrapped in paper to carry home – it's especially popular with families on Friday evenings. Late at night, epicures may order their fish and chips 'open' to eat immediately while walking back from the pub. It has to be said that quality varies outrageously across the country; sometimes the chips are limp and soggy, and the fish greasy and tasteless, especially once you get away from the sea, but in towns with salt in the air, this classic deep-fried delight is always worth trying. Sherry trifle was considered the height of sophistication at dinner parties during the 1970s, but then fell out of fashion. A few decades later this combination of custard, fruit, sponge cake, whipped cream, and – of course – sherry is back in style, and enjoying a renaissance in many British restaurants. ### Puddings & Desserts In British English, 'pudding' has two meanings: the course that comes after the main course (ie dessert); and a type of food that might be sweet (such as Bakewell pudding) or savoury (such as Yorkshire pudding). A classic British dessert is rhubarb crumble: the juicy stem of a large-leafed garden plant, stewed and sweetened, then topped with a crunchy mix of flour, butter and more sugar, and served with custard or ice cream. Scotland's classic pudding is 'clootie dumpling' (a rich fruit pudding that is wrapped in a cotton cloth, or cloot in Scots dialect, while being steamed). Other sweet temptations include bannocks (half-scone, half-pancake), shortbread (a sweet biscuit) and Dundee cake (a rich fruit mix topped with almonds). Other favourite British puddings include treacle sponge, bread-and-butter pudding and plum pudding, a dome-shaped cake with fruit, nuts and brandy or rum, traditionally eaten at Christmas, when it's called – surprise, surprise – Christmas pudding. This pudding is steamed (rather than baked), cut into slices and served with brandy butter. While key ingredients of most puddings are self-explanatory, they are perhaps not so obvious for another well-loved favourite: spotted dick. The origin of 'dick' in this context is unclear (it may be a corruption of 'dough' or derived from the German _dicht,_ meaning 'thick', or even from 'spotted dog') but the ingredients are easy: it's just a white suet pudding dotted with black currants. Plus sugar, of course. Most British puddings have loads of butter or loads of sugar, preferably both. Light, subtle and healthy? No chance! Like meat, but not battery pens? Go to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (www.rspca.org.uk) and follow links to Freedom Food. Rick Stein is a TV chef, energetic restaurateur and good-food evangelist. His books _Food_ _Heroes_ and _Food Heroes: Another Helping_ extol small-scale producers and top-notch local food, from organic vegetables to wild boar sausages. ### NAME THAT PASTY A favourite speciality in southwest England is the Cornish pasty. Originally a mix of cooked vegetables wrapped in pastry, it's often available in meat varieties (much to the scorn of the Cornish people) and now sold everywhere in Britain. The pasty was originally an all-in-one-lunch pack that tin miners carried underground and left on a ledge ready for mealtime. So that pasties weren't mixed up, they were marked with their owner's initials – always at one end, so the miner could eat half and safely leave the rest to snack on later without it mistakenly disappearing into the mouth of a workmate. Before going back to the surface, the miners traditionally left the last few crumbs of the pasty as a gift for the spirits of the mine, known as 'knockers', to ensure a safe shift the next day. Many towns and cities in England hold regular farmers markets – a chance for food producers large and small to sell direct to the public. For more info and a list see www.farmersmarkets.net. In the 16th century, Queen Elizabeth I decreed that mutton could only be served with bitter herbs – intended to stop people eating sheep in order to help the wool trade – but her subjects discovered mint sauce improved the taste, and it's been the favourite condiment for roast lamb ever since. ### WHERE THERE'S SMOKE... All restaurants and cafes in Britain are nonsmoking throughout. Virtually all pubs have the same rule, which is why there's often a small crowd of smokers standing on the pavement outside, though some places provide specific outdoor smoking areas. Smoking is permitted in pub gardens, so nonsmokers sometimes need to go _inside_ to escape the fumes. ## Drinking in Britain The drinks most associated with Britain are tea, beer and whisky. The first two are unlike drinks of the same name found elsewhere in the world, and all three are well worth sampling on your travels around the country. ### Tea & Coffee In Britain, if a local asks 'Would you like a drink?', don't automatically expect a gin and tonic. They may well mean a 'cuppa' – a cup of tea – Britain's best-known beverage. It's usually made with dark tea leaves to produce a strong, brown drink, more bitter in taste than tea served in some other Western countries, which is partly why it's usually served with a dash of milk. Although tea is sometimes billed as the national drink, coffee is equally popular these days; the Brits consume 165 million cups a day and the British coffee market is worth almost £700 million a year – but with the prices some coffee shops charge, maybe that's not surprising. A final word of warning: when you're ordering a coffee and the server says 'white or black', don't panic. It simply means 'Do you want milk in it?' ### Beer, Wine & Whisky British beer typically ranges from dark brown to amber in colour, and is often served at room temperature. Technically it's called ale and is more commonly called 'bitter' (or 'heavy' in Scotland). This is to distinguish it from lager – the drink that most of the rest of the world calls 'beer', which is generally yellow and served cold. Bitter that's brewed and served traditionally is called 'real ale' to distinguish it from mass-produced brands, and there are many regional varieties. But be ready! If you're used to the 'amber nectar' or 'king of beers', a traditional British brew may come as a shock – a warm, flat and expensive shock. This is partly to do with Britain's climate, and partly to do with the beer being served by hand pump rather than gas pressure. Most important, though, is the integral flavour: traditional British beer doesn't need to be chilled or fizzed to make it palatable. The increasing popularity of real ales and a backlash against the bland conformity of globalised multinational brewing conglomerates has seen a huge rise in the number of artisan brewers and microbreweries springing up all over Britain – by 2014 there were more than 1000 in operation, with more than 50 in London alone. They take pride in using only natural ingredients, and many try to revive ancient recipes, such as heather- and seaweed-flavoured ales. Another key feature is that real ale must be looked after, which usually means a willingness on the part of the pub manager or landlord to put in extra effort. This often translates into extra effort on food, atmosphere, cleanliness and so on, too. But the extra effort is why many pubs don't serve real ale. If beer doesn't tickle your palate, try cider – available in sweet and dry varieties. In western parts of England, notably Herefordshire and the southwestern counties of Devon and Somerset, you could try 'scrumpy', a very strong dry cider traditionally made from local apples. Many pubs serve it straight from the barrel. On hot summer days, you could go for shandy – beer and lemonade mixed in equal quantities. You'll usually need to specify 'lager shandy' or 'bitter shandy'. Many visitors are surprised to learn that wine is produced in Britain, and has been since the time of the Romans. Today, more than 400 vineyards produce between three and four million bottles a year – many highly regarded and frequently winning major awards. English sparkling wines have been a particular success story, especially those produced in southeast England where the chalky soil and climatic conditions are similar to those of the Champagne region in France. The spirit most visitors associate with Britain – and especially Scotland – is whisky (note the spelling – it's Irish whiskey that has an 'e'). There's a big difference between single malt whisky, made purely from malted barley in a single distillery, and blended whisky, made from a blend of cheaper grain whisky and malt whiskies from several distilleries. Single malts are like fine wines, and command similarly high prices. A final word of warning: when ordering a dram in Scotland remember to ask simply for a 'whisky' – only the English and other foreigners say 'Scotch'. After all, what else would you be served in Scotland? The Campaign for Real Ale promotes the understanding of traditional British beer. Look for endorsement stickers on pub windows, and for more info see www.camra.org.uk. _Good Beer Guide to Great Britain,_ by the Campaign for Real Ale, and _Good Pub Guide,_ by Alisdair Aird and Fiona Stapley. ### Bars & Pubs In Britain the difference between a bar and a pub is sometimes vague, but generally bars are smarter, larger and louder than pubs, possibly with a younger crowd. Drinks are more expensive too, unless there's a gallon-of-vodka-and-Red-Bull-for-a-fiver promotion – which there often is. As well as beer, cider and wine, pubs and bars offer the usual choice of spirits, often served with a 'mixer', producing English favourites such as gin and tonic, rum and coke or vodka and lime. These drinks are served in measures called 'singles' and 'doubles'. A single is 35mL – just over one US fluid ounce. A double is, of course, 70mL – still disappointingly small when compared with measures in other countries. To add further to your disappointment, the vast array of cocktail options, as found in America, is generally restricted to more upmarket city bars in Britain. And while we're serving up warnings, here are two more: first, if you see a pub calling itself a 'free house', it's simply a place that doesn't belong to a brewery or pub company, and thus is 'free' to sell any brand of beer. Unfortunately, it doesn't mean the booze is free of charge. Second, remember that drinks in British pubs are ordered and paid for at the bar. You can always spot the freshly arrived tourists – they're the ones sitting forlornly at an empty table hoping to spot a waiter. When it comes to gratuities, it's not usual to tip pub and bar staff. However, if you're ordering a large round, or the service has been good all evening, you can say to the person behind the bar '...and one for yourself'. They may not have a drink, but they'll add the monetary equivalent to the total you pay and keep it as a tip. # Architecture in Britain The history of British architecture spans more than three millennia, from the mysterious stone circles of Stonehenge and Callanish to the glittering skyscrapers of modern London. The country's built heritage includes Roman baths and parish churches, mighty castles and magnificent cathedrals, humble cottages and grand stately homes, and exploring it all is one of the great joys of a visit to Britain. Preservation Organisations commited to preserving Britain's architecture include: National Trust (www.nationaltrust.org.uk) National Trust for Scotland (www.nts.org.uk) English Heritage (www.english-heritage.org.uk) Cadw ( <http://cadw.wales.gov.uk>) Historic Scotland (www.historic-scotland.gov.uk) ## Early Foundations The oldest surviving structures in Britain are the grass-covered mounds of earth called 'tumuli' or 'barrows', used as burial sites by the country's prehistoric residents. These mounds, measuring anything from a rough hemisphere just 2m high to oval domes around 5m high and 10m long, are dotted across the countryside and are especially common in areas of chalk such as Salisbury Plain and the Wiltshire Downs in southern England. Perhaps the most famous barrow, and certainly the largest and most mysterious, is Silbury Hill near Marlborough. Historians are not sure exactly why this huge conical mound was built – there's no evidence of it actually being used for burials. Theories include the possibility it was used at cultural ceremonies or in the worship of deities in the style of South American pyramids. Whatever its original purpose, it's still awe-inspiring today. Even more impressive than the giant tumuli are the most prominent legacy of the neolithic era – the iconic stone circles of Stonehenge and Avebury, both in Wiltshire. Again, their original purpose is a mystery, providing fertile ground for hypothesis and speculation. The most recent theories suggest that Stonehenge may have been a place of pilgrimage for the sick, like modern-day Lourdes, though it was also used as a burial ground and a place of ancestor worship. Ancient Stones The Callanish Standing Stones on Scotland's Isle of Lewis, dating from 3800 to 5000 years ago, are even older than those at Stonehenge and Avebury. ## Bronze Age & Iron Age After the neolithic era's great stone circles, the Bronze Age architecture we can see today is more domestic in scale. Hut circles from this period can still be seen in parts of Britain, most notably on Dartmoor in Devon. The Scottish islands hold many of Europe's best surviving Bronze and Iron Age remains, in places like the stone villages of Skara Brae in Orkney and Jarlshof in Shetland. During the Iron Age, the early peoples of Britain began organising themselves into clans or tribes. Their legacy includes forts built to defend territory and protect from rival tribes or other invaders. Most forts consisted of a steep mound of earth behind a large circular or oval ditch; a famous example is Maiden Castle in Dorset. ## The Roman Era Remains of the Roman Empire are found in many towns and cities (mostly in England and Wales, as the Romans didn't colonise Scotland). There are impressive remains in Chester, Exeter and St Albans, as well as in the lavish Roman spa and bathhouse complex in Bath. Britain's largest and most impressive Roman relic is the 73-mile-long sweep of Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century as a defensive line stretching from coast to coast across the country. Originally intended to defend the empire's territories in the south from the marauding tribes further north, it became as much a symbol of Roman power as a fortification. ## Medieval Masterpieces In the centuries following the Norman Conquest of 1066, the perfection of the mason's art saw an explosion of architecture in stone, inspired by the two most pressing concerns of the day: religion and defence. Early structures of timber and rubble were replaced with churches, abbeys and monasteries built in dressed stone. The round arches, squat towers and chevron decoration of the Norman or Romanesque style (11th to 12th centuries) slowly evolved into the tall pointed arches, ribbed vaults and soaring spires of the Gothic (13th to 16th centuries), a history that can often be seen all in the one church – construction often took a couple of hundred years to complete. Many cathedrals remain modern landmarks, such as Salisbury, Winchester, Canterbury and York. Stone was also put to good use in the building of elaborate defensive structures. Castles range from the atmospheric ruins of Tintagel and Dunstanburgh, and the sturdy ramparts of Conwy and Beaumaris, to the stunning crag-top fortresses of Stirling and Edinburgh. And then there's the most impressive of them all: the Tower of London, guarding the capital for more than 900 years. Britain's Best Castles Alnwick Balmoral Beaumaris Berkeley Carlisle Caernarfon Caerphilly Chepstow Conwy Edinburgh Eilean Donan Glamis Harlech Ludlow Pembroke Raglan Richmond Skipton Stirling Tintagel ## Stately Homes The medieval period was tumultuous, but by the start of the 17th century life had become more settled and the nobility had less need for fortifications. While they were excellent for keeping out the riff-raff, castles were often too cold and draughty for comfortable aristocratic living. Many castles underwent the home improvements of the day, with larger windows, wider staircases and better drainage installed. Others were simply abandoned for a brand-new dwelling next door, as at Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire. Following the Civil War, the trend away from castles gathered pace, and throughout the 17th century the landed gentry developed a taste for fine 'country houses' designed by famous architects of the day. Many became the stately homes that are a major feature of the British landscape and a major attraction for visitors. Among the most extravagant are Chatsworth House and Blenheim Palace in England, Powis Castle in Wales and Floors Castle in Scotland. The great stately homes all display the proportion, symmetry and architectural harmony that was in vogue during the 17th and 18th centuries. These styles were later reflected in the fashionable town houses of the Georgian era, most notably in the city of Bath, where the stunning Royal Crescent is the ultimate example of the genre. Pevsner Guides Founded by German immigrant Nikolaus Pevsner after WWII, the Pevsner Architectural Guides are the classic travellers' handbooks of British architecture. Around 80 volumes, published between 1951 and the present day, lovingly document the significant buildings of England, Scotland and Wales. ### HOUSE & HOME In Britain, it's not all about big houses. Alongside the stately homes, ordinary domestic architecture can still be seen in rural areas. Black-and-white 'half-timbered' houses characterise counties such as Worcestershire, brick-and-flint buildings pepper Suffolk and Sussex, and hardy, centuries-old cottages and farm buildings of slate and local stone are a feature of North Wales. In northern Scotland, the blackhouse is a classic basic dwelling, with walls of dry, unmortared stone packed with earth and a roof of straw and turf. ## Victoriana The Victorian era was a time of great building activity. A style called Victorian Gothic developed, imitating the tall, narrow windows and ornamented spires featured in the original Gothic cathedrals. The most famous example is London's Houses of Parliament and the clock tower that everyone knows as Big Ben, which was officially renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to celebrate the Queen's diamond jubilee. Other Victorian-Gothic highlights in England's capital include the Natural History Museum and St Pancras train station. The style was copied all around the country, especially for civic buildings, with the finest examples including Manchester Town Hall and Glasgow City Chambers. As well as many grand cathedrals, Britain has thousands of parish churches, many with historical or architectural significance, especially in rural areas. ## Industrialisation Through the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as Britain's cities grew in size and stature, the newly moneyed middle classes built smart town houses in streets and squares. Elsewhere, the first town planners oversaw the construction of endless terraces of 'back-to-back' and 'two-up-two-down' houses to accommodate the massive influx of workers required for the country's factories. In South Wales, similar, though often single-storeyed houses were built for the burgeoning numbers of coal miners. The industrial areas of Scotland saw the construction of tenements, usually three or four storeys high, with a central communal staircase and two dwellings on each floor. In many cases the terraced houses and basic tenements are not especially scenic, but they are perhaps the most enduring mark on the British architectural landscape. ## Postwar Pains & Pride During WWII, bombing damaged many of Britain's cities and the rebuilding that followed showed little regard for the overall appearance of the cities or for the lives of people who lived in them. Rows of terraces were swept away in favour of high-rise tower blocks, while the brutalist architecture of the 1950s and '60s embraced the modern and efficient building materials of steel and concrete. Perhaps this is why the British are largely conservative in their architectural tastes. They often resent ambitious or experimental designs, especially applied to public buildings or when a building's form appears more important than its function. However, a familiar pattern unfolds: after a few years of resentment, the building is given a nickname, then it gains grudging acceptance, and finally it becomes a source of pride and affection. The British just don't like to be rushed, that's all. Perhaps the best-known example of 1950/60s brutalist architecture is London's Southbank Centre. A building of its time, it was applauded when finished, then reviled for its ugliness, and is now regarded by Londoners with something close to pride and affection. ## 21st Century During the first decade of this century, many areas of Britain placed new importance on having progressive, popular architecture as part of a wider regeneration. Top examples include Manchester's Imperial War Museum North, Birmingham's Bullring shopping centre, the Welsh National Assembly building and the Wales Millennium Centre (both on the Cardiff waterfront), the overlapping arches of Glasgow's Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre (affectionately called 'the Armadillo') and The Sage concert hall in Gateshead in northeast England. Britain's largest and highest-profile architectural project of recent times was the Olympic Park, the centrepiece of the 2012 Olympic Games. Situated in the London suburb of Stratford, it was renamed the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park after the games. The main Olympic Stadium and other arenas, including the Velodrome and Aquatics Centre, were built using cutting-edge techniques and are all dramatic structures in their own right. Meanwhile, in the centre of the capital, the London Bridge Tower – its tall and jagged shape quickly earning it the nickname of 'the Shard' – dominates the South Bank; at 306m, it's one of Europe's tallest buildings. On the other side of the River Thames, two more giant skyscrapers were completed in 2014: 20 Fenchurch St (thanks to its shape, already nicknamed 'the Walkie-Talkie') and the slanting-walled Leadenhall Building (dubbed, inevitably, 'the Cheese Grater'). London continues to grow upwards and British architecture continues to push new boundaries of style and technology. The buildings may look a little different, but they're still iconic and impressive. ### DOMINATING THE LANDSCAPE If you're travelling through Wales, it won't take you long to notice the country's most striking architectural asset: castles. There are about 600 in all, giving Wales the dubious honour of being Europe's most densely fortified country. Most were built in medieval times, first by William the Conqueror and then by other Anglo-Norman kings, to keep the Welsh in check. In the late 13th century Edward I built spectacular castles at Caernarfon, Harlech, Conwy and Beaumaris, now jointly listed as a Unesco World Heritage Site. Other castles to see include Rhuddlan, Denbigh, Cricceith, Raglan, Pembroke, Kidwelly, Chepstow and Caerphilly. While undeniably great for visitors, the castles are a sore point for patriotic Welsh; the writer Thomas Pennant called them 'the magnificent badge of our subjection'. # The Arts in Britain Britain's contributions to the worlds of literature, drama, cinema and pop are celebrated around the world, thanks in no small part to the global dominance of the English language. As you travel around Britain today you'll see landscapes made famous as movie sets and literary locations, or mentioned in songs, so for this chapter we've picked some major milestones and focused on works with a connection to real places where you can experience something of your favourite artist. ## Literature The roots of Britain's literary heritage stretch back to Norse sagas and Early English epics such as _Beowulf_ , but most scholars agree that modern English-language literature starts in the late 14th century: yes, that counts as 'modern' in history-soaked Britain. ### First Stars The first big name in Britain's literary canon is Geoffrey Chaucer, best known for _The Canterbury Tales_. This mammoth collection of fables, stories and morality tales, using travelling pilgrims (the Knight, the Wife of Bath, the Nun's Priest and so on) as a narrative hook, is considered an essential of the canon. After Chaucer, two centuries passed before Britain's next major literary figure rose to prominence: enter stage left William Shakespeare. Best known for his plays (discussed in the Theatre section) he was also a prolific and influential poet. 'Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?' is just one of his famous lines still widely quoted today. A collection of folk tales discovered in medieval Welsh manuscripts of the 14th century, _The Mabinogion_ was translated into English in the mid-19th century. Drawing on pre-Christian Celtic myths, several of the stories deal with the legendary feats of King Arthur and the knights of the round table. The _Oxford Literary Guide to Great Britain & Ireland_, edited by Daniel Hahn and Nicholas Robins, gives details of towns, villages and the countryside immortalised by writers, from Chaucer's Canterbury and Austen's Bath to Scott's Highlands. ### The 17th & 18th Centuries The 17th century saw the publication of John Milton's epic blank verse poem _Paradise Lost,_ a literary landmark inspired by the biblical tale of Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden. This was followed a few years later by the equally seminal _Pilgrim's Progress_ by John Bunyan, an allegorical tale of the everyday Christian struggle. For mere mortals, reading these books in their entirety can be hard going, but they're worth dipping into for a taste of the rich language. More familiar to most British people are the words of 'Auld Lang Syne', penned by Scotland's national poet Robert Burns, and traditionally sung at New Year. His more unusual 'Address to a Haggis' is also still recited annually on Burns Night, a Scottish celebration held on 25 January (the poet's birthday). Another milestone literary work of this period is Daniel Defoe's _Robinson Crusoe._ On one level it's an adventure story about a man shipwrecked on an uninhabited island _,_ but it's also a discussion on civilisation, colonialism and faith, and is regarded by many scholars as the first English-language novel. It's also been an armchair travellers' favourite since its publication in 1719. ### The Romantic Era As industrialisation began to take hold in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th century, a new generation of writers, including William Blake, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, drew inspiration from human imagination and the natural world (in some cases aided by a healthy dose of laudanum). The best known of the 'Romantics' was William Wordsworth; his famous line from the poem commonly known as 'Daffodils', _'_ I wandered lonely as a cloud', was inspired by a hike in the hills of the Lake District. Burning Bright The painter, writer, poet and visionary William Blake (1757–1827) mixed fantastical landscapes and mythological scenes with motifs drawn from classical art, religious iconography and legend. For more, see www.blakearchive.org. ### BEST-LOVED LIT: AUSTEN & THE BRONTëS The beginning of the 19th century saw the emergence of some of English literature's best-loved writers: Jane Austen and the Brontë sisters. Austen's fame stems from her exquisite observations of love, friendship, intrigues and passions boiling under the buttoned-up reserve of middle-class social convention. These observations have spawned countless films and TV costume dramas based on her works. The location now most associated with Austen is the city of Bath – a beautiful place even without such a literary link. As one of her heroines said, 'Oh! Who can ever be tired of Bath?'. Of the Brontë sisters' prodigious output, Emily Brontë's _Wuthering Heights_ is the best known, an epic tale of obsession and revenge, where the dark and moody landscape plays a role as great as any human character, while Charlotte Brontë's _Jane Eyre_ and Anne Brontë's _The Tenant of Wildfell Hall_ are classics of passion and mystery. Visitors still flock to the former Brontë home in the Yorkshire town of Haworth, perched on the edge of the wild Pennine moors that inspired so many of their books. ### Victoriana During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), key novels of the time explored social themes. Charles Dickens is the best-known writer of the period: _Oliver Twist_ is a tale of child pickpockets surviving in the London slums, while _Hard Times_ is a critique of the excesses of capitalism. At around the same time, but in a rural setting, George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Anne Evans) wrote _The Mill on the Floss_ , whose central character, Maggie Tulliver, searches for true love and struggles against society's expectations. Meanwhile, Thomas Hardy's classic _Tess of the D'Urbervilles_ deals with the peasantry's decline, and _The Trumpet Major_ paints a picture of idyllic English country life interrupted by war and encroaching modernity. Many of Hardy's works are in the fictionalised county of Wessex, largely based on today's Dorset and surrounding counties, where towns such as Dorchester are popular stops on tourist itineraries today. Displaying similarly close links to the landscape is _Waverley_ by Scotland's greatest historical novelist, Sir Walter Scott. Written in the early 19th century and set in the mountains and glens of Scotland during the time of the Jacobite rebellion, it is usually regarded as the first historical novel in the English language. Scott's bestselling works, which include the narrative poem _The Lady of the Lake_ and the novel _Rob Roy,_ are often credited with kick-starting the Scottish tourist industry. ### The Modern World Britain – and its literature – changed forever following WWI and the social disruption of the period. This fed into the modernist movement, with DH Lawrence perhaps its finest exponent. _Sons and Lovers_ follows the lives and loves of generations in the English Midlands as the country changes from rural idyll to industrial landscape, while his controversial exploration of sexuality in _Lady Chatterley's Lover_ was banned until 1960 because of its 'obscenity'. Other highlights of this period included Daphne du Maurier's romantic suspense novel _Rebecca_ , with close connections to Cornwall; Evelyn Waugh's _Brideshead Revisited_ , an exploration of moral and social disintegration among the English aristocracy; and Richard Llewellyn's Welsh classic _How Green Was My Valley_. A decade or so later, after WWII, Compton Mackenzie lifted postwar spirits with _Whisky Galore,_ a comic novel about a cargo of booze shipwrecked on a Scottish island. In the 1950s, the poet Dylan Thomas found fame with his _Portrait of The Artist as a Young Dog,_ although his most celebrated work is a radio play _Under Milk Wood_ (1954), exposing the tensions of small-town Wales. Then came the swinging '60s. Liverpool poet Roger McGough and friends determined to make art relevant to daily life produced _The Mersey Sound_ – landmark pop poetry for the streets. Other new writers included Muriel Spark, who introduced the world to a highly unusual Edinburgh school mistress in _The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie._ The 1970s saw the arrival of two novelists who went on to become prolific through the rest of the century and beyond. Martin Amis produced a string of novels whose common themes include the absurdity and unappealing nature of modern life, such as _London Fields_ (1989). Ian McEwan made his debut with _The Cement Garden_ (1978), and earned critical acclaim for finely observed studies of the English character in works such as _Atonement_ (2001) and _On Chesil Beach_ (2007). Modern novels in a different vein include _Trainspotting_ (1993) by Irvine Welsh, a dark look at Edinburgh's drug culture, and the birth of a new genre coined 'Tartan Noir' – crime fiction set in Scottish cities. Ian Rankin, best known for his Edinburgh-set _Inspector Rebus_ novels, is a master of the form. Graham Greene's novel _Brighton Rock_ (1938) is a classic account of wayward English youth. For an even more shocking take, try _A Clockwork Orange_ by Anthony Burgess, later infamously filmed by Stanley Kubrick in 1971. For a taste of surreal humour, try two of Britain's funniest (and most successful) writers: Douglas Adams ( _The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy_ plus sequels) and Terry Pratchett (the _Discworld_ series). Helen Fielding's _Bridget Jones's Diary_ is a fond look at the heartache of a modern single girl's blundering search for love and epitomised the late-1990s 'chick lit' genre. ### New Millennium As the 20th century came to a close, and the new millennium dawned, Britain's multicultural landscape proved a rich inspiration for contemporary novelists. Hanif Kureishi sowed the seeds with his ground-breaking 1990 novel _The Buddha of Suburbia,_ examining the hopes and fears of a group of Anglo-Asians in London. This was followed by Zadie Smith's acclaimed debut _White Teeth_ (2000) and a string of bestsellers, including her most recent novel, _NW_ (2012). Andrea Levy found acclaim with _Small Island_ (2004), about a Jamaican couple settled in postwar London, and Monica Ali's _Brick Lane_ was shortlisted for the 2003 Man Booker Prize, a high-profile literary award. Other big-name writers of the current era include Will Self, known for his surreal, satirical novels, including _The Book of Dave_ (2006), and Nick Hornby, whose most recent novel is _Juliet, Naked_ (2009), although he's perhaps best known for the autobiographical memoir _Fever Pitch_ , a study of the insecurities of English blokishness. Also popular is Julian Barnes, whose book _England, England_ is a darkly ironic study of nationalism and tourism, while _The Sense of an Ending_ won the 2011 Man Booker Prize. Hilary Mantel, author of many novels on an astoundingly wide range of subjects, won the Man Booker Prize twice, first in 2009 for historical blockbuster _Wolf Hall_ (about Henry VIII and his ruthless advisor Thomas Cromwell), and then in 2012 for its sequel _Bring Up the Bodies_ ; the third and final instalment, _The Mirror and the Light,_ is due out in 2015. Britain's greatest literary phenomenon of the 21st century is JK Rowling's _Harry Potter_ series, a set of other-worldly adventures that have entertained millions of children (and many grown-ups too) since the first book was published in 1996. The magical tales are the latest in a long line of British children's classics enjoyed by adults, stretching back to the works of Lewis Carroll _(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)_ , E Nesbit _(The Railway Children)_ , AA Milne _(Winnie-the-Pooh)_ and CS Lewis _(The Chronicles of Narnia)_. ## Cinema British cinema has a long history, with many early directors cutting their teeth in the silent-film industry. Perhaps the best-known of these was Alfred Hitchcock, who directed _Blackmail_ , one of the first British 'talkies' in 1929, and who went on to direct a string of films during the 1930s, before migrating to Hollywood in the early 1940s. The British Film Institute (BFI) is dedicated to promoting film and cinema in Britain, and publishes the monthly academic journal _Sight & Sound_. See www.bfi.org.uk and www.screenonline.org.uk for complete coverage of Britain's film and TV industry. ### Patriot Games During WWII, British films were dominated by patriotic stories designed to raise morale: _Went the Day Well?_ (1942), _In Which We Serve_ (1942) and _We Dive at Dawn_ (1943) are prime examples of the genre. During this period David Lean directed the classic tale of repressed passion, _Brief Encounter_ (1945), before graduating to Hollywood epics, including _Lawrence of Arabia_ and _Doctor Zhivago_. Another great film of the 1940s is _How Green Was My Valley,_ a tale of everyday life in the coal-mining villages of Wales. Perhaps the best-known movie about Wales, it manages to annoy more Welsh people than any other with its stereotyped characters, absence of Welsh actors, and the fact that it was shot in a Hollywood studio. It's worth seeing, though, for its period flavour. ### After the War Following the hardships of the war, British audiences were in the mood for escape and entertainment. During the late 1940s and early '50s, the domestic film industry specialised in eccentric British comedies epitomised by the output of Ealing Studios: notable titles include _Passport to Pimlico_ (1949), _Kind Hearts and Coronets_ (1949) and _The Titfield_ _Thunderbolt_ (1953). Dramatic box-office hits of the time included _Hamlet_ (the first British film to win an Oscar in the Best Picture category) _,_ starring Laurence Olivier, and Carol Reed's _The Third Man_. In a post-war Britain still struggling with rationing and food shortages, tales of heroic derring-do such as _The Dam Busters_ (1955) and _Reach for the Sky_ (1956) helped lighten the national mood. _The Ladykillers_ (1955) is a classic Ealing comedy about a band of hapless bank robbers holed up in a London guest house, and features Alec Guinness sporting quite possibly the most outrageous set of false teeth ever captured on celluloid. ### HAMMER HORROR The British company Hammer Film Productions produced low-budget horror films in the 1950s and 60s, still revered by fans around the globe. Early flicks included _The Quatermass Experiment_ (1955) and _The Curse of Frankenstein_ (1957) _._ The stars of the latter (Peter Cushing as Dr Frankenstein and Christopher Lee as the Monster) would feature in many of Hammer's best films over the next 20 years, including a string of nine _Dracula_ films (most of which star Lee as Dracula and Cushing as Van Helsing or his descendants) and six _Frankenstein_ sequels. The studio also launched the careers of several other notable actors (including Oliver Reed, who made his debut in _The Curse of the Werewolf,_ 1961) and even spawned its very own spoof, _Carry On Screaming_ – the ultimate British seal of approval. From 1979 the company went into hibernation, but its fortunes revived in 2012 with the release of _The Woman in Black,_ starring Harry Potter lead Daniel Radcliffe. ### Swinging '60s In the late 1950s, 'British New Wave' and 'Free Cinema' explored the gritty realities of life in an intimate, semidocumentary style, with Lindsay Anderson and Tony Richardson crystallising the movement with films such as _This Sporting Life_ (1961) and _A Taste of Honey_ (1961). At the other end of the spectrum were the _Carry On_ films, packed with bawdy gags and double entendres, and starring a troupe of 'national treasures' including Barbara Windsor, Sid James and Kenneth Williams. The 1960s saw the birth of another classic British icon: super-spy James Bond, adapted from the Ian Fleming novels and first played by Sean Connery in _Dr No_ (1962). Since then over 20 Bond movies have been made, with Bond played by a series of actors, from Roger Moore and George Lazenby to Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig. ### Burning Gold After the boom of the 1960s, British cinema entered troubled waters for a decade or so, but was revived in the 1980s, thanks partly to David Puttnam's _Chariots of Fire_ , the Oscar-winning tale of two British athletes competing at the 1924 Olympics. The newly established (1982) Channel 4 invested in edgy films such as _My Beautiful Laundrette_ (1985), while the British production duo of Ismail Merchant and James Ivory played Hollywood at its own game with period epics such as _Heat and Dust_ (1983) and _A Room With A View_ (1986), capitalising on the success of Richard Attenborough's big-budget _Gandhi_ (1982), which bagged eight Academy Awards. _Withnail and I_ (1987) is one of the great British cult comedies. Directed by Bruce Robinson, it stars Paul McGann and Richard E Grant as a pair of hapless out-of-work actors on a disastrous holiday to the Lake District. ### Brit Flicks In the 1990s, the massively successful _Four Weddings and a Funeral_ , which introduced Hugh Grant in his trademark role as the likeable, self-deprecating Englishman (an archetype he reprised in subsequent hits _Notting Hill_ and _Love, Actually_ ) spearheaded the 'Brit-flick' genre. _The Full Monty_ (1997) _,_ about a troupe of laid-off steel workers turned male strippers, was Britain's most successful film ever (until overtaken by the Harry Potter franchise in 2001) and _The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill and Came Down a Mountain_ , an affectionate story about a hill in North Wales deemed too low. Grittier films of the 1990s included _Trainspotting_ , a visually innovative, hard-hitting film about Edinburgh's drugged-out underworld, which launched the careers of Scottish actors Ewan McGregor and Robert Carlyle, while Mike Leigh's _Secrets and Lies_ , a Palme d'Or winner at Cannes, tells the story of an adopted black woman who seeks out her white mother. Other landmark films of the decade included gangster movie _Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels_ , which spawned a host of copycats; _Breaking the Waves_ , a perfect study of culture clash in 1970s Scotland; _Human Traffic_ , an edgy romp through Cardiff's clubland; and the Oscar-winning Austen adaptation _Sense and Sensibility_ , starring English doyennes Emma Thompson and Kate Winslet as the Dashwood sisters, with Hugh Grant as (you guessed it) a likeable and self-deprecating Englishman. Award-winning Welsh-language films of the time include _Hedd Wynn,_ a heartbreaking story of a poet killed in WWI, and _Solomon and Gaenor,_ a passionate tale of forbidden love at the turn of the 20th century, staring Ioan Gruffudd and filmed twice: once in the Welsh language and once in English. The decade ended with films such as _East Is East_ (1999), a beautifully understated study of the clash between first- and second-generation immigrant Pakistanis in Britain, and _Billy Elliott_ (2000), about a boy's quest to learn ballet and escape the slag-heaps of post-industrial northern England. ### The 21st Century In the early part of the 21st century, literature continued to provide the richest seam mined by the British film industry. Hits include the blockbuster _Harry Potter_ franchise (based on the books of the same name, and the most financially successful film series of all time), starring Daniel Radcliffe, as well as _The Constant Gardener_ (2005; based on a John Le Carré novel), _Atonement_ (2008; based on Ian McEwan's novel), _War Horse_ (2011; directed by Stephen Spielberg and based on Michael Morpurgo's novel), and _Anna Karenina_ (2012), directed by Joe Wright and staring Keira Knightley. Biopics are a perennial favourite, especially, it seems, of famous females, with recent highlights including: Queen Elizabeth I ( _Elizabeth: The Golden Age;_ 2007), Queen Elizabeth II ( _The Queen;_ 2006) and Margaret Thatcher ( _The Iron Lady_ ; 2011). Comedy continues to thrive: building on the success of zombie-spoof _Shaun of the Dead_ (2004) and cop-movie spoof _Hot Fuzz_ (2007), Simon Pegg (who stars as Scotty in the most recent Star Trek movies) and Nick Frost returned in alien-invasion spoof _The World's End_ (2013), while Richard Curtis produced another crowd-pleasing romantic comedy with _About Time_ (2013). Meanwhile, the oldest of British film franchises rolls on, with James Bond now a tough, toned and occasionally fallible character played by Daniel Craig in _Casino Royale (2006),_ _Quantum of_ _Solace_ (2008) and _Skyfall_ (2012); the next instalment is scheduled for 2015. The BBC is a public-service broadcaster, financed by the licence fee of £145, paid annually by every house in Britain with a TV set, rather than by advertising. This means shows are not interrupted by commercial breaks. ## Television Since the earliest days of TV broadcasting, Britain has produced some of the world's finest shows and programs, from classic comedy to ground-breaking drama. Many of the world's most popular formats have their origins in British broadcasting, including the phenomenon known as reality TV. The main broadcasters are BBC and ITV, each with several channels. Others include Channels 4 and 5. The BBC is a national institution, especially famous for its news and natural-history programming, epitomised by landmark series such as _Planet Earth_ and _The Blue Planet_ (reassuringly helmed by Sir David Attenborough, a similarly precious national institution since the 1970s). The big-budget costume drama is a British staple; BBC viewers have been treated to adaptations of practically every Dickens, Bronte and Thackeray novel, while ITV has entered the same territory, notably with Jane Austen's _Mansfield Park_ and _Northanger Abbey_. But top of the tree is ITV's _Downton Abbey,_ a saga of Edwardian manners and class conflict that went through five award-winning seasons since 2010, and became the world's most-watched TV drama. Britain's main broadcasters are known for their long-running 'soaps' (soap operas) such as _Eastenders_ (BBC), _Emmerdale_ and _Coronation Street_ (both ITV), which have collectively been running on British screens for well over a century. ### A GRAND SUCCESS One of the great success stories of British television and cinema has been Bristol-based animator Nick Park and the production company Aardman Animations, best known for the award-winning series starring the man-and-dog duo Wallace and Gromit. This lovable pair first appeared in Park's graduation film, _A Grand Day Out_ (1989), and went on to star in _The Wrong Trousers_ (1993), _A Close Shave_ (1995) and their full-length feature debut, _The Curse of the Were-Rabbit_ (2005). Known for their intricate plots, movie references and amazingly realistic animation, the Wallace and Gromit films have netted Nick Park four Oscars. Other Aardman films include _Chicken Run_ (2000), _Flushed Away_ (2006) and _The Pirates! – In an Adventure with Scientists_ (2012). ## Pop & Rock Music Britain's been putting the world through its musical paces ever since a mop-haired four-piece from Liverpool tuned up their Rickenbackers and created The Beatles. And while some may claim that Elvis invented rock 'n' roll, it was the Fab Four who transformed it into a global phenomenon, backed by the other bands of the 1960s 'British Invasion' – The Rolling Stones, The Who, Cream, The Kinks and soul man Tom Jones. ### Glam to Punk Glam rock swaggered onto the stage at the start of the 1970s, led by the likes of Marc Bolan and David Bowie in their tight-fitting jumpsuits and chameleon guises, and succeeded by early boy-band Bay City Rollers, art-rockers Roxy Music, outrageously-costumed Elton John and anthemic popsters Queen. In the same era, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath laid down the blueprint for heavy metal, while the psychedelia of the previous decade morphed into the spacey noodlings of prog rock, epitomised by Pink Floyd, Genesis and Yes. By the late '70s, glam and prog bands were looking out of touch in a Britain wracked by rampant unemployment and industrial unrest, and punk rock exploded onto the scene, summing up the air of doom with nihilistic lyrics and three-chord tunes. The Sex Pistols remain the best-known band of the era, while other punk pioneers included The Clash, The Damned, The Buzzcocks and The Stranglers. Punk begat New Wave, with acts such as The Jam and Elvis Costello blending spiky tunes and sharp lyrics into a more radio-friendly sound. A little later, along came bands like The Specials and baggy-trousered rude boys Madness, mixing punk, reggae and ska sounds. Meanwhile, another punk-and-reggae-influenced band called The Police – fronted by bassist Sting – became one of the biggest names of the decade. ### ROCK 'N' ROLL LOCATIONS Fans buy the music, then the T-shirt. However, true fans visit the locations featured on album covers. Here are some favourites, many in London, plus a few others around the country: * **Abbey Rd** , St John's Wood, London – _Abbey Road_ , The Beatles * **Battersea Power Station** , London – _Animals_ , Pink Floyd * **Berwick St** , Soho, London – _(What's the Story) Morning Glory_ , Oasis * **Big Ben** , London – _My Generation_ (US version), The Who. * **Camden Market** , London – _The Clash_ , The Clash * **Heddon St** , off Regent St, London – _The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust & the Spiders from Mars_, David Bowie * **Porthmadog** (Black Rock Sands) – _This is My Truth Tell Me Yours_ , Manic Street Preachers * **Salford Boys Club** , Manchester – _The Queen is Dead_ , The Smiths * **Thor's Cave** , Manifold Valley, near Ashbourne, Peak District National Park – _A Storm In Heaven_ , The Verve * **Yes Tor** , Dartmoor, Devon – _Tomato_ , Yes Around Britain, buildings associated with notable people are marked with a (usually blue) plaque. In early 2012, a plaque was placed at 23 Heddon St in London to commemorate fictional pop character Ziggy Stardust. ### Mode, Metal & Miserabilism The conspicuous consumption of Britain in the early 1980s was reflected in the decade's pop scene. Big hair and shoulder pads became the uniform of New Romantics such as Spandau Ballet, Duran Duran and Culture Club, while the increased use of synthesizers led to the development of a new electronic sound in the music of Depeche Mode and The Human League. More hits and highlights were supplied by Texas, Eurythmics and Wham! – a boyish duo headed by a bright young fellow named George Michael. Away from the glitz, fans enjoyed the doom-laden lyrics of The Cure, Bauhaus and Siouxsie & the Banshees, while Britain's heavy rock heritage inspired acts such as Iron Maiden. In a different tone entirely, the disaffection of mid-1980s Britain was summed up by the arch-priests of 'miserabilism', The Smiths, fronted by quiffed wordsmith Morrissey. ### Raves, Indie & Britpop The beats and bleeps of 1980s electronica fuelled the burgeoning dance-music scene of the early '90s. An eruption of ecstasy-saturated rave culture, centred on famous clubs like Manchester's Haçienda and London's Ministry of Sound, overflowed into the mainstream through chart-topping artists such as The Prodigy and Fatboy Slim. Manchester was also a focus for the burgeoning British 'indie' scene, driven by guitar-based bands such as The Charlatans, The Stone Roses, James and Happy Mondays. Indie grew up in the mid- to late-1990s, and the term 'Britpop' was coined, with Oasis at the forefront and covering a wide range of bands including Blur, Elastica, Suede, Supergrass, Ocean Colour Scene, The Verve, Pulp, Travis, Feeder, Super Furry Animals, Stereophonics, Catatonia and the Manic Street Preachers. The Spice Girls were one of the most famous pop creations of the 1990s, and they became the world's best-selling all-female group. Sporty, Scary, Baby, Ginger and Posh famously reunited in 2012 to perform at the London Olympics closing ceremony. ### Pop Today, Gone Tomorrow The new millennium saw no let-up in the British music scene's shape-shifting and reinvention. Jazz, soul, R&B and hip-hop have fused into an 'urban' sound epitomised by artists like Dizzee Rascal, Tinie Tempah and Plan B. In a totally different genre, British folk and roots music, and folk-influenced acoustic music, is enjoying its biggest revival since the 1960s, with major names including Eliza Carthy and Mumford & Sons. Meanwhile, the singer-songwriter, exemplified by Katie Melua, Ed Sheeran, the late Amy Winehouse and the all-conquering Adele, has made a comeback, and the spirit of British punk and indie stays alive thanks to the likes of Snow Patrol, Florence & the Machine, Coldplay, Muse, Kasabian, Radiohead and The Horrors. But the biggest commercial success of all has been boy-band One Direction, seeing their first three albums debut at No 1 in the US charts, releasing the biggest-selling British album of 2013, and being named the top global act of 2013. ### POP ON FILM If you want to combine British pop music with British cinema, try some of these films: _Backbeat_ (1994), a look at the early days of The Beatles; _Sid and Nancy_ (1986), following The Sex Pistols bassist and his American girlfriend; _Velvet Goldmine_ (1998), a tawdry glimpse of the glam-rock scene; _24 Hour Party People_ (2002), a totally irreverent and suitably chaotic film about the 1990s Manchester music scene; _Control_ (2007), a biopic about Joy Division singer Ian Curtis; and _Nowhere Boy_ (2009), about John Lennon in his pre-Beatles days. ## Painting & Sculpture For many centuries, continental Europe – especially Holland, Spain, France and Italy – set the artistic agenda. The first artist with a truly British style and sensibility was arguably William Hogarth, whose riotous canvases exposed the vice and corruption of 18th-century London. His most celebrated work is _A Rake's Progress_ , which kick-started a long tradition of British caricatures that can be traced right through to the work of modern-day cartoonists such as Gerald Scarfe and Steve Bell. It's displayed at Sir John Soane's Museum in London. ### Portraits & Landscapes While Hogarth was busy satirising society, other artists were hard at work showing it in its best light. The leading figures of 18th-century British portraiture were Sir Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough and George Romney, while George Stubbs is best known for his intricate studies of animals (particularly horses). Works by these artists are displayed at Tate Britain or the National Gallery in London. In the 19th century, leading painters favoured the landscape. John Constable's best-known works include _Salisbury Cathedral_ and _The Haywain_ , depicting a mill in Suffolk (and now on show in the National Gallery, London), while JMW Turner was fascinated by the effects of light and colour, with his works becoming almost entirely abstract by the 1840s – vilified at the time, but prefiguring the Impressionist movement that was to follow 50 years later. ### Fables & Flowers In the mid- to late 19th century, the Pre-Raphaelite movement harked back to the figurative style of classical Italian and Flemish art, tying in with the prevailing Victorian taste for fables, myths and fairy tales. Key members of the movement included Sir John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt. Millais' _Ophelia,_ showing the damsel picturesquely drowned in a river, is an excellent example of their style, and can be seen the Tate Britain. However, one of the best collections of Pre-Raphaelite art is in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. A good friend of the Pre-Raphaelites was William Morris; he saw late-19th-century furniture and interior design as increasingly vulgar, and with Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones founded the Arts and Crafts movement to encourage the revival of a decorative approach to features such as wallpaper, tapestries and windows. Many of his designs are still used today. North of the border, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, fresh from the Glasgow School of Art, fast became a renowned artist, designer and architect. He is still Scotland's greatest art nouveau exponent, and much of his work remains in Glasgow. He also influenced a group of artists from the 1890s that became known as the Glasgow School (often divided into two groups: the Glasgow Boys and the Glasgow Girls), among them Margaret and Frances MacDonald, James Guthrie and EA Walton. Much of their work can be seen in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery in Glasgow. ### Stone & Sticks In the tumultuous 20th century, British art became increasingly experimental, with key painters including Francis Bacon, whose work was influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis, and the group known as the Scottish Colourists – Francis Cadell, SJ Peploe, Leslie Hunter and JD Ferguson. Meanwhile, pioneering sculptors such as Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth experimented with natural forms in stone and new materials. At around the same time, Welsh artist Gwen John painted introspective portraits of women friends, cats and nuns (and famously became the model and lover of French artist Rodin), while her brother Augustus John became Britain's leading portrait painter, with famous sitters such as Thomas Hardy and George Bernard Shaw. One place to admire their works is at the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery in Swansea. After WWII, Howard Hodgkin and Patrick Heron developed a British version of American abstract expressionism. At the same time, but in great contrast, Manchester artist LS Lowry was painting his much-loved 'matchstick men' figures set in an urban landscape of narrow streets and smoky factories. A good place to see his work is in The Lowry, Manchester. The works of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth can be seen at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park, between Sheffield and Leeds, in northern England. Hepworth is also forever associated with St Ives in Cornwall, while the Hepworth Wakefield gallery is dedicated to her life and work. ### Pop Art The mid-1950s and early '60s saw an explosion of British artists plundering TV, music, advertising and popular culture for inspiration. Leaders of this new 'pop art' movement included David Hockney, who used bold colours and simple lines to depict his dachshunds and swimming pools, and Peter Blake, who designed the collage cover for the Beatles' landmark _Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band_ album. The '60s also saw the rise of sculptor Anthony Caro, who held his first groundbreaking exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1963. Creating large abstract works in steel and bronze, he remains one of Britain's most influential sculptors. Antony Gormley's _Angel of the North_ is one of the most viewed works of art in the world. Standing beside the busy A1 London-to-Edinburgh road, millions of drivers each year can't help but see it. ### Britart & Beyond Thanks partly to the support (and money) of advertising tycoon Charles Saatchi, a new wave of British artists came to the fore in the 1990s. The movement was dubbed, inevitably, 'Britart'; its leading members included Damien Hirst, initially famous (or infamous) for works involving pickled sharks, semi-dissected human figures and, more recently, a diamond-encrusted skull entitled _For the Love of God._ A contemporary is Tracey Emin. Once considered an enfant terrible, she incurred the wrath of the tabloids for works such as _My Bed_ , a messed-up bedroom scene which sold for £2.2 million in 2014, but is now a respected figure and patron of the new Turner Gallery in Margate, named for the famous English artist JMW Turner. Turner also gives his name to the Turner Prize, a high-profile (and frequently controversial) annual award for British visual artists. As well as Hirst, other winners have included Martin Creed (his work was a room with lights going on and off), Mark Wallinger (a collection of anti-war objects), Simon Starling (a shed converted to a boat and back again), Rachel Whiteread (a plaster cast of a house) and Antony Gormley (best known for his gigantic _Angel of the North_ ). ## Theatre Theatre in Britain has its roots in medieval morality plays, court jesters and travelling storytellers. Its origins can possibly be traced all the way back to dramas during Roman times in amphitheatres, a few of which still remain at places such as Chester and Cirencester. Most scholars agree that the key milestone in the story is the opening of England's first theatre, called simply The Theatre, in London in 1576. A few years later, two more theatres appeared, the Rose and the Globe, and the stage was set for the entrance of Britain's best-known playwright. ### Shakespeare For most visitors to Britain (and for many locals) drama means just one name: Shakespeare. Born in 1564 in the Midlands town of Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare made his name in London, where most of his plays were performed at the Globe Theatre. He started writing plays around 1585, and his early theatrical works are grouped together as 'comedies' and 'histories', many of which are household names today, such as _All's Well that Ends Well, The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream_ , _Richard III_ and _Henry V_. Later in his career Shakespeare wrote the plays known collectively as the 'tragedies', including _Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Hamlet_ and _King Lear_. His brilliant plots and spectacular use of language, plus the sheer size of his body of work have turned him into a national – and international – icon. Today, almost 400 years after he shuffled off his mortal coil, the Bard's plays still pull in big crowds, and can be enjoyed at the rebuilt Globe on London's South Bank or at the Royal Shakespeare Company's own theatre in his original hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon. ### British Theatre Today However you budget your time and money during your visit to Britain, be sure to see some theatre. It easily lives up to its reputation as the finest in the world, especially in London (whatever New Yorkers may say), while other big cities around the country boast their own top-class venues, such as the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, the Bristol Old Vic, the Chichester Festival Theatre, the Playhouse in Nottingham, the New Theatre in Cardiff and the Royal Lyceum in Edinburgh. Many accomplished British actors, including Judi Dench, Ralph Fiennes, Brenda Blethyn, Toby Stephens and Simon Callow juggle high-paying Hollywood roles with appearances on the British stage, while over the last decade or so several American stars, including Glenn Close, Kevin Spacey, Gwyneth Paltrow, Gillian Anderson, Christian Slater and Danny DeVito, have taken hefty pay cuts to tread the London boards. Other options in London include the Donmar Warehouse and Royal Court Theatre, best known for new and experimental works. For big names, most people head for the West End, where famous spots include the Shaftsbury, Adelphi and Theatre Royal at Drury Lane. These venues are mostly the preserve of classic plays, including _The Mousetrap_ , the legendary whodunnit and world's longest-running play, which has shown continuously since 1952. #### West End Musicals As well as drama, London's West End means big musicals, with a long history of crowd-pullers such as _Cats_ , _The Wizard of Oz_ , _Les Misérables_ , _Sweeney Todd_ , _The Phantom of the Opera_ and _The Lion King_ , with many of today's shows raiding the pop world for material, such as _We Will Rock You_ , inspired by the music of Queen, and Abba-based _Mamma Mia!_ For details of other top shows and venues, and how to buy tickets, see the Entertainment section of the London chapter. Details of major theatres in other cities around Britain are also given in the relevant chapters. In 2012, the massively successful musical _Matilda_ , based on the novel by Roald Dahl, broke records by winning seven Olivier Awards, the most prestigious prize in British theatre, going on to take four US Tony Awards in 2013. ### WHAT A PANTOMIME If any British tradition is guaranteed to bemuse outsiders, it's the pantomime. This over-the-top Christmas spectacle graces stages across the land in December and January, and traces its roots back to Celtic legends, medieval morality plays and the British music hall. The modern incarnation is usually based on a classic fairy tale and features a mix of saucy dialogue, comedy skits, song-and-dance routines and plenty of custard-pie humour, mixed in with topical gags for the grown-ups. Tradition dictates that the leading 'boy' is played by a woman, and the leading lady, or 'dame', is played by a man. B-list celebrities, struggling actors and soap stars famously make a small fortune hamming it up for Christmas panto, and there are always a few staple routines that everyone knows and joins in with. The hero (or villain) asks 'Where's that dragon/wizard/pirate/lion?' and the audience shouts back 'He's behind you!' It's cheesy, daft and frequently rather surreal, but guaranteed to be great fun for the family. Oh, no it isn't! Oh, yes it is! Oh, no it isn't! # The British Landscape When it comes to landscapes, Britain is not a place of extremes; there are no Alps or Himalaya here, no Amazon or Sahara. But there's plenty to keep you enthralled. The country may be small, but even a relatively short journey takes you through a surprising mix of scenery. Seeing the change – subtle in some areas, dramatic in others – as you travel is one of this country's great attractions. ## Location, Location, Location Geologically at least, Britain is part of Europe. It's on the edge of the Eurasian landmass, separated from the mother continent by the shallow English Channel. (The French are not so proprietorial, and call it La Manche – 'the sleeve'.) About 10,000 years ago, Britain was physically part of Europe, but then sea levels rose and created the island we know today. Only in more recent times has there been a reconnection, in the form of the Channel Tunnel. Southern England is covered in a mix of cities, towns and gently undulating countryside. Eastern England (especially the area called East Anglia) is almost entirely low and flat, while southwest England has wild moors, granite outcrops and rich pastures (Devon's cream is world famous), plus a rugged coast with sheltered beaches, making it a favourite holiday destination. In the north of England, farmland is interspersed with towns and cities, but the landscape is noticeably more rugged. A spine of large hills called the Pennines (fondly tagged 'the backbone of England') runs from Derbyshire to the Scottish border, and includes the peaty plateaus of the Peak District, the wild moors around Haworth (immortalised in Brontë novels), the delightful valleys of the Yorkshire Dales and the frequently windswept but starkly beautiful hills of Northumberland. Perhaps England's best-known landscape is the Lake District, a small but spectacular cluster of mountains and lakes in the northwest, where Scafell Pike (a towering 978m) is England's highest peak. The landscape of Wales is also defined by hills: notably the rounded Black Mountains and Brecon Beacons in the south, and the spiky peaks of Snowdonia in the north, with Snowdon (1085m) the highest summit in Wales. In between lie the wild Cambrian Mountains of central Wales, rolling to the west coast of spectacular cliffs and shimmering river estuaries. For real mountains, you need to head to Scotland, especially the wild, remote and thinly populated northwest Highlands – separated from the rest of the country by a diagonal gash in the earth's crust called the Great Glen Fault. Ben Nevis (1343m) is Scotland's – and Britain's – highest summit, but there are many more to choose from. The Highlands are further enhanced by the vast cluster of beautiful islands that lie off the loch-indented west coast. South of the Scottish Highlands is the relatively flat Central Lowlands, home to the bulk of Scotland's population. Further south, down to the border with England, things get hillier again; this is the Southern Uplands, an area of rounded heather-clad hills and fertile farms. ## National Parks Back in 1810, English poet and outdoor fan William Wordsworth suggested that the wild landscape of the Lake District in Cumbria, northwest England, should be 'a sort of national property, in which every man has a right'. More than a century later the Lake District did indeed become a national park, followed by the Brecon Beacons, Cairngorms, Dartmoor, Exmoor, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs, New Forest, Norfolk and Suffolk Broads, Northumberland, North York Moors, Peak District, Pembrokeshire Coast, Snowdonia, South Downs and Yorkshire Dales. Britain's national parks combined cover over 10% of its area, but the term 'national park' can cause confusion. First, these areas are not state owned: nearly all land in Britain is privately owned, belonging mostly to aristocratic families, private trusts and conservation organisations. Second, they are not areas of wilderness as in many other countries. In Britain's national parks you'll see crop-fields in lower areas and grazing sheep on the uplands, as well as roads, railways and villages. Some national parks even contain towns, quarries and factories. It's a reminder of the balance that needs to be struck in this crowded country between protecting the natural environment and catering for the people who live in it. But don't be put off. Despite these apparent anomalies, Britain's national parks still contain mountains, hills, downs, moors, woods, river valleys and other areas of quiet countryside, all ideal for long walks, easy rambles, cycle rides, sightseeing or just lounging around. To help you get the best from the parks, they all have information centres, and all provide various recreational facilities (trails, car parks, campsites etc) for visitors. Finally, it's worth noting that there are many beautiful parts of Britain that are _not_ national parks (such as central Wales, the North Pennines in England, and many parts of Scotland). These can be just as good for outdoor activities or simply exploring by car or foot, and are often less crowded than the popular national parks. ### BRITAIN'S BEST BEACHES Britain has a great many beaches, each with their own distinct character, from tiny hidden coves in Cornwall and Pembrokeshire to vast neon-lined strands in resorts such as Brighton or Blackpool. Favourite spots line the entire southwest peninsula and much of the south coast. Other great beaches can be found in Suffolk, Norfolk, Lancashire, Yorkshire and Northumberland in England, and pretty much anywhere on the Welsh coast between the Gower Peninsula and Llandudno. Scotland offers even more choice, from the rocky bays of the west coast to the gorgeous white-sand beaches of the Outer Hebrides. Britain's best resort beaches earn the coveted international Blue Flag (www.blueflag.org) award, meaning sand and water are clean and unpolluted. Other parameters include the presence of lifeguards, litter bins and recycling facilities – meaning some wild beaches may not earn the award, but are still stunning nonetheless. ## Wildlife For a small country, Britain has a very diverse range of plants and animals. Many native species are hidden away, but there are some undoubted gems, from lowland woods carpeted in shimmering bluebells to stately herds of deer on the high moors. Taking the time to have a closer look will enhance your trip enormously, especially if you have the time and inclination to enjoy some walking or cycling through the British landscape. _Wildlife of Britain_ by George McGavin et al is subtitled 'the definitive visual guide'. Although too heavy to carry around, this beautiful photographic book is great for pre-trip inspiration or post-trip memories. Britain's most wooded county is Surrey, despite its proximity to London. The soil is too poor for agriculture, and while woodland areas elsewhere in Britain were cleared, Surrey's trees were spared. ### Farmland In farmland areas, rabbits are everywhere, but if you're hiking through the countryside be on the lookout for brown hares, an increasingly rare species. They're related to rabbits but much larger. Males who battle for territory by boxing on their hind legs in early spring are, of course, as 'mad as a March hare'. Although hare numbers are on the decline, otters are making a comeback. In southern Britain they inhabit the banks of rivers and lakes, and in Scotland they frequently live on the coast. Although their numbers are growing, they are mainly nocturnal, but keep your eyes peeled in daytime and you might be lucky. You're much more likely to see a red fox. This classic British mammal was once seen only in the countryside, but these wily beasts adapt well to any situation, so these days you're just as likely to see them scavenging in towns and even in city suburbs. Elsewhere, another British classic, the badger, is under threat from farmers who believe they transmit bovine tuberculosis to cattle, although conservationists say the case is far from proven. Common birds of farmland and similar landscapes (and urban gardens) include: the robin, with its instantly recognisable red breast and cheerful whistle; the wren, whose loud trilling song belies its tiny size; and the yellowhammer, with a song that sounds like (if you use your imagination) 'a-little-bit-of-bread-and-no-cheese'. In open fields, the warbling cry of a skylark is another classic, but now threatened, sound of the British outdoors. You're more likely to see a pheasant, a large bird originally introduced from Russia to the nobility's shooting estates, but now considered naturalised. Between the fields, hedges provide cover for flocks of finches, but these seed-eaters must watch out for sparrowhawks – birds of prey that come from nowhere at tremendous speed. Other predators include barn owls, a wonderful sight as they fly silently along hedgerows listening for the faint rustle of a vole or shrew. In rural Wales or Scotland you may see a buzzard, Britain's most common large raptor. ### WILDLIFE IN YOUR POCKET Is it a rabbit or a hare? A gull or a tern? Buttercup or cowslip? If you need to know a bit more about Britain's plant and animal kingdoms the following field guides are ideal for entry-level naturalists: * _Complete Guide to British Wildlife_ by Paul Sterry is portable and highly recommended, covering mammals, birds, fish, plants, snakes, insects and even fungi, with brief descriptions and excellent photos. * If feathered friends are enough, the _Complete Guide to British Birds_ by Paul Sterry combines clear photos and descriptions, plus when and where each species may be seen. * _Wildlife of the North Atlantic_ by world-famous film-maker Tony Soper beautifully covers the animals seen from beach, boat and clifftop in the British Isles and beyond. * Collins Gem series includes handy little books on wildlife topics such as _Birds, Trees, Fish_ and _Wild Flowers_. _Britain's Best Wildlife_ by Chris Packham and Mike Dilger is a 'Top 40' countdown of favourites compiled by experts and the public, with details on when and where to see wildlife at its finest. ### Woodland In woodland areas, mammals include the small white-spotted fallow deer and the even smaller roe deer. Woodlands are full of birds too, but you'll hear them more than see them. Listen out for willow warblers (which, as the name suggests, have a warbling song with a descending cadence) and chiffchaffs (once again, the clue's in the name: they make a repetitive 'chiff chaff' noise). If you hear rustling among the fallen leaves it might be a hedgehog – a cute-looking, spiny-backed insect eater – but it's an increasingly rare sound these days; conservationists say they'll be extinct in Britain by 2025, due to insecticides in farming, increased building in rural areas and hedgehogs' notoriously poor ability to safely cross roads. In no such danger are grey squirrels, originally introduced from North America. They have proved very adaptable, to the extent that native red squirrels are severely endangered because the greys eat all the food. Pockets of red squirrels survive in the English Lake District and in various parts of Scotland, especially north of the Central Lowlands. Much larger than squirrels are pine martens, which are seen in some forested regions, especially in Scotland. With beautiful brown coats, they were once hunted for their fur, but are now fully protected. Herds of 'wild' ponies roam the New Forest, Exmoor and Dartmoor; these animals certainly roam free, but in reality they are privately owned and managed. ### Mountain & Moorland On mountains and high moors – including Exmoor, Dartmoor, the Lake District, Northumberland and much of Scotland – the most visible mammal is the red deer. Males of the species grow their famous large antlers between April and July, and shed them again in February. Also on the high ground, well known and easily recognised birds include the red grouse, which often hides in the heather until almost stepped on then flies away with a loud warning call. On the high peaks of Scotland you may see the grouse's northern cousin, the ptarmigan, dappled brown in summer but white in winter. Look out, too, for the curlew, with its stately long legs and elegant curved bill. With luck you may see beautifully camouflaged golden plovers, while the spectacular aerial displays of lapwings are impossible to miss. Other mountain birds include red kites (there have been various successful projects around the country to reintroduce these spectacular fork-tailed raptors). Also in the Scottish mountains, keep an eye peeled for golden eagles, Britain's largest birds of prey, as they glide and soar along ridges. Britain is home to herds of wild goats who've gambolled on the moorland in Devon for almost 1000 years. The Great Orme peninsula in North Wales also features wild goats, but these are new kids on the block, having been introduced only a century ago. ### Rivers & Coasts If you're near inland water, you have a chance of spotting an osprey; the best places in Britain to see this magnificent bird include Rutland Water in the English Midlands and the Cairngorms in Scotland. You could also look along the riverbanks for signs of water voles, endearing rodents that were once very common but have been all but wiped out by wild mink (fur farm escapees first introduced from America). On the coasts of Britain, particularly in Cornwall, Pembrokeshire and northwest Scotland, the dramatic cliffs are a marvellous sight in early summer (around May), when they are home to hundreds of thousands of breeding seabirds. Guillemots, razorbills and kittiwakes, among others, fight for space on impossibly crowded rock ledges. The cliffs become white with droppings and the air is filled with their shrill calls. Even if you're not into bird spotting, this is one of Britain's finest wildlife spectacles. Another bird to look out for in coastal areas is the comical puffin (especially common in Shetland), with its distinctive rainbow beak and 'nests' burrowed in sandy soil. In total contrast, gannets are one of the largest seabirds and make dramatic dives for fish, often from a great height. Estuaries and mudflats are feeding grounds for numerous migrant wading birds; easily spotted are black-and-white oystercatchers with their long red bills, while flocks of small ringed plovers skitter along the sand. And finally, the sea mammals. There are two species of seal that frequent British waters; the larger grey seal is more often seen than the (misnamed) common seal. Boat trips to see their offshore colonies are available at various points around the coast, and are especially popular when the seal pups are born. Dolphins, porpoises and minke whales can all be seen off the west coast of Britain, particularly off Scotland, and especially from May to September when viewing conditions are better. Whale-watching trips (also good for seeing other marine wildlife such as basking sharks) are available from several harbour towns, especially in Scotland. Legend says that it's the season for kissing when gorse blooms. Luckily, these vivid yellow flowers show year-round. ## Plants In any part of Britain, the best places to see wildflowers are areas that have escaped large-scale farming. In the chalky downs of southern England and in limestone areas such as the Peak District and Yorkshire Dales, for example, many fields erupt with great profusions of cowslips and primroses in April and May. Some flowers prefer woodland and, again, the best time to visit is April and May. This is because the leaf canopy of the woods is not yet fully developed, allowing sunlight to break through to encourage plants such as bluebells (a beautiful and internationally rare species). Another classic British plant is gorse – you can't miss the swaths of this spiky bush in heath areas, most notably in the New Forest in southern England, and all over Scotland. In contrast, the blooming season for heather is quite short. On the Scottish mountains, the Pennine moors of northern England, and Dartmoor in the south, the landscape is covered in a riot of purple in August. Britain's natural deciduous trees include oak, ash, beech, birch, hazel and rowan, with seeds and leaves supporting a vast range of insects and birds. The New Forest in southern England and the Forest of Dean on the Wales–England border are good examples of this type of habitat. In some parts of Scotland, most notably Glen Affric, stands of indigenous Caledonian pine can still be seen. As you travel through Britain you're also likely to see non-native conifers, often in vast plantations empty of wildlife, although an increasing number of deciduous trees are also planted these days. Britain's new 'hedgerows' are the long strips of grass and bushes alongside motorways and major roads. Rarely trod by humans, they support rare flowers and thousands of insect species, plus mice, shrews and other small mammals – hence kestrels are often seen hovering nearby. ## Environmental Issues With Britain's long history, it's not surprising that the country's appearance is almost totally the result of human interaction with the environment. Since the earliest times, people have been chopping down trees and creating fields for crops or animals, but the most dramatic changes in rural areas came in the late 1940s, continuing into the '50s and '60s, when a postwar drive to be self-reliant in food meant new and intensive large-scale farming methods. The result was lowland Britain's ancient patchwork of small meadows becoming a landscape of vast fields, as walls were demolished, woodlands felled, ponds filled, wetlands drained and, most notably, hedgerows ripped out. In most cases the hedgerows were lines of dense bushes, shrubs and trees forming a network that stretched across the countryside, protecting fields from erosion, supporting a varied range of flowers, and providing shelter for numerous insects, birds and small mammals. But in the rush to improve farm yields, thousands of miles of hedgerows were destroyed in the postwar decades, and between the mid-1980s and the early 2000s another 25% disappeared. In addition to hedgerow clearance, other farming techniques remain hot environmental issues. Studies have shown that the use of pesticides and intensive irrigation results in rivers running dry or being poisoned by run-off. In 2014 scientists announced that neonicotinoid pesticides – introduced in the 1990s to replace harmful chemicals such as DDT – may actually be even more dangerous, and are implicated in the collapse of the bee population. Meanwhile, monocropping means vast fields with one type of grass, dubbed 'green deserts' by conservationists as they support no insects, causing wild bird populations to plummet. This is not a case of wizened old peasants recalling the idyllic days of their forebears; you only have to be over about 40 in Britain to remember a countryside where birds such as skylarks or lapwings were visibly much more numerous. # Sporting Britain If you want a shortcut into the heart of British culture, then watch the British at play. They're passionate about their sport – as participants or spectators. Every weekend thousands of people turn out to cheer their favourite team, and sporting highlights such as Wimbledon keep the entire nation enthralled. The British invented many of the world's favourite team sports – or at least codified the modern rules – including cricket, tennis, rugby, golf and football (soccer) although, it has to be said, the national teams in the high-profile sports aren't always that successful internationally. This applies especially to the male teams, whereas the women's national teams have a better record of success, with the England women's national football team reaching the quarter finals in the FIFA Women's World Cup on three occasions, and the England women's cricket team winning the World Cup in 2009. But whether the British 'home teams' are winning or losing – be they the individual teams of England, Wales and Scotland, or national teams representing Great Britain or the whole of the UK – nothing dulls the enthusiasm of the fans. ### SPORTING COVERAGE Perhaps surprisingly, unlike many countries, Britain has no dedicated large-circulation sports newspaper (apart from perhaps _The Sportsman,_ which concentrates mainly on the betting angle). But read the excellent coverage in the back pages of the _Daily Tele­graph,_ the _Times_ and the _Guardian_ and you'll see there's no need for one. The tabloid newspapers also cover sport, especially if a star has been caught with their pants down. Talking of which, the _Daily Sport_ is not a sports newspaper, despite the name, unless photos of glamour models wearing only a pair of Arsenal socks count as 'sport'. ## Football (Soccer) Despite what the football fans may say in Madrid or São Paulo, the English Premier League has some of the finest teams in the world, dominated in recent years by the four top teams – Arsenal, Liverpool, Chelsea and Manchester United – joined in 2012 by a fifth big player in the shape of Manchester City. Down from the Premier League, 72 other teams play in the English divisions called the Championship, League One and League Two. The Scottish football scene has a similar pattern: best teams in the Scottish Premier League, the rest in the Scottish Football League. The top flight has long been dominated by Glasgow teams Celtic and Rangers (although in 2012 the latter went into financial administration and was relegated to the third division – they are now in the process of clawing their way back up the league ladder). In Wales football is less popular (rugby is the national sport) and the main Welsh football teams such as Cardiff and Swansea drift between the two top leagues. The football season is the same for all divisions (August to May), so seeing a match can easily be tied into most visitors' itineraries. However, tickets for Premier League matches are like gold dust – your chances of bagging one are pretty much zilch unless you're a club member or know someone who is – so you're better off buying tickets for a lower-division game, which are cheaper. You can often buy tickets on the spot at stadiums, or go to club websites or online agencies such as www.ticketmaster.co.uk and www.myticketmarket.com. The word 'soccer', often used outside Britain, derives from the sport's official name Association Football (as opposed to rugby football), or possibly from 'sock' – a leather foot-cover worn in medieval times, ideal for kicking a pig's bladder around the park on a Saturday afternoon. ### THE SWEET FA CUP The Football Association held its first interclub knockout tournament in 1871. Fifteen clubs took part, playing for a nice piece of silverware called the FA Cup – then worth about £20. Nowadays, around 600 clubs compete for this legendary and priceless trophy. It differs from many other competitions in that every team – from the lowest-ranking part-timers to the stars of the Premier League – is in with a chance. The preliminary rounds begin in August, and the world-famous Cup Final is held in May at the iconic Wembley Stadium in London. Manchester United are the team with the most cup victories, but public attention, and affection, is invariably focused on the 'giant-killers' – minor clubs that claw their way up through the rounds, unexpectedly beating higher-ranked competitors. The best-known giant-killing event occurred in 1992, when Wrexham, then ranked 24th in Division 3, famously beat league champions Arsenal. ## Golf Golf is a very popular sport in Britain, with millions taking to the fairways every week. The main tournament for spectators is the Open Championship, often referred to simply as The Open (or the 'British Open' outside the UK). It's the oldest of professional golf's major championships (dating back to 1860) and the only one held outside the USA, and is watched by many thousands of golf fans. It is usually played over the third weekend in July and the location changes each year, using nine courses around the country – check www.theopen.com for details of past, present and future championships. Perhaps the UK'S most famous golfing destination is the Old Course at St Andrews, often dubbed the 'home of golf' as it was one of the first places the sport was played, all the way back in the early 1400s. Playing here is almost a spiritual experience for golf enthusiasts, but you'll need to plan well ahead to get a game. If you fancy a round as part of your visit to Britain, there are around 2000 private and public golf courses to choose from, with 500 in Scotland alone. (There are more golf courses per capita in Scotland than in any other country in the world.) Some private clubs admit members or golfers with a handicap certificate, but most welcome visitors. Public golf courses are open to anyone. A round costs around £10 to £30 on public courses, and up to £200 on famous championship courses. ## Rugby Football A wit once said that football was a gentlemen's game played by hooligans, while rugby was a hooligans' game played by gentlemen. That may be true, but rugby union is very popular, especially since England became world champions in 2003 (and nearly did it again in 2007). It's worth catching a game for the display of skill (OK, and brawn), and the fun atmosphere in the grounds. Tickets for games cost around £15 to £50 depending on the club's status and fortunes. There are two versions of the game in Britain: Rugby Union (www.rfu.com) is played more in southern England, Wales and Scotland, and is traditionally the game of the middle and upper classes, while Rugby League (www.therfl.co.uk) is played predominantly in northern England, traditionally by the working classes – although these days there's a lot of crossover. Both rugby codes trace their roots back to a football match in 1823 at Rugby School, in Warwickshire. A player called William Webb Ellis, frustrated at the limitations of mere kicking, reputedly picked up the ball and ran with it towards the opponents' goal. True to the British tradition of fair play, rather than Ellis being dismissed from the game, a whole new sport was developed around his tactic, and the Rugby Football Union was formally inaugurated in 1871. Today, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named the Webb Ellis Cup after this enterprising young tearaway. The highlight of rugby union's international calendar is the annual Six Nations Championship (www.rbs6nations.com), between teams from England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy. A simple points system sees teams compete to win the Grand Slam or Triple Crown, or at least avoid the 'wooden spoon' for coming last. The Rugby League World Cup is dominated by Australia and New Zealand (the 2017 tournament will be held in Australia), but an even bigger event on the horizon is the Rugby Union World Cup to be hosted by England in 2015, with the final played at Twickenham. For details see www.rugbyworldcup.com. ### BRITISH GOLD The highlight of the nation's entire sporting history was the outstanding achievements by Team GB at the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in London. The team (which represented the whole of the UK – with athletes from Northern Ireland choosing whether to compete for the UK or Irish team) won 65 medals, including 29 golds, and third place overall on the medals table behind China and the USA. The British Paralympic athletes exceeded even this impressive total by winning 120 medals, and notching up another third place in the medals table behind China and Russia. ## Cricket One of the most popular sports in Britain, cricket remains a predominantly English activity at home, although it became an international game during Britain's colonial era, when it was exported to the countries of the Commonwealth. Australia, the Caribbean and the Indian subcontinent took to the game with gusto, and a century on the former colonies delight in giving the old country a good spanking on the cricket pitch. While many English people follow cricket like a religion, to the uninitiated it's an impenetrable spectacle. Spread over half-day games, one-day games or five-day test matches, progress seems so _slow_ (surely, say the unbelievers, this is the game for which TV highlights were invented) and dominated by arcane terminology such as innings, over, googly, out-swinger, leg-bye and silly-mid-off. Nonetheless, at least one cricket match should feature in your travels. If you're patient and learn the intricacies, you could find cricket as enriching and absorbing as all the fans who remain glued to their radio or computer all summer, 'just to see how England are getting on'. International Twenty20, one-day test matches are played at grounds including Lord's in London, Edgbaston in Birmingham and Headingley in Leeds. Tickets cost from £30 to well over £200. The County Championship pits the best teams from around the country against each other; tickets cost £5 to £25, and only the most crucial games tend to sell out. Details are on the website of the English Cricket Board (www.ecb.co.uk). The easiest way to watch cricket – and often the most enjoyable – is stumbling across a local game on a village green as you travel around the country. There's no charge for spectators, and no one will mind if you nip into the pub during a quiet period. Causing ructions in the cricket world, the fast-paced Twenty20 format emphasises big-batting scores, rather than slow and careful run-building. Traditionalists say it's changing the character of the game, but there's no doubting its popularity – many Twenty20 matches are sell-outs. ### THE ASHES The historic test cricket series between England and Australia known as the Ashes has been played every other year since 1882 (bar a few interruptions during wartime). It is played alternately in England and Australia with each of the five matches in the series held at a different cricket ground, always in the summer in the host location. The contest's name dates back to the landmark test match of 1882, won (for the very first time) by the Australians. Defeat of the mother country by the colonial upstarts was a source of profound national shock: a mock obituary in the _Sporting Times_ lamented the death of English cricket and referred to the game's ashes being taken to Australia. Later the name was given to a terracotta urn presented the following year to the English captain Ivo Bligh, purportedly containing the cremated ashes of a stump or bail used in this landmark match. Since 1953 this hallowed relic has resided at the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) Museum at Lord's Cricket Ground. Despite the vast importance given to winning the series, the urn itself is a diminutive 6in high. The recent history of the Ashes is not without drama. In the 2010–11 series England thrashed Australia, winning on Australian turf for the first time since the 1986–87 series. Then in 2013 Australia thrashed England 5-0, the third time in Ashes history the Aussies have had a clean sweep. The 2015 Ashes tournament will be held in England. ## Horse Racing The tradition of horse racing in Britain stretches back centuries, and there's a 'meeting' somewhere pretty much every day. For all but the major events you should be able to get a ticket on the day, or buy in advance from the British Horse Racing Authority's website (www.lovetheraces.com), which also has lots of information about social events such as music festivals that coincide with the races. The top event in the calendar is Royal Ascot at Ascot Racecourse in mid-June, where the rich and famous come to see and be seen, and the fashion is almost as important as the nags. Even the Queen turns up to put a fiver each way on Lucky Boy in the 3.15. Other highlights include the Grand National steeplechase at Aintree in early April; and the Derby at Epsom (www.epsomdowns.co.uk) on the first Saturday in June. The latter is especially popular with the masses so, unlike at Ascot, you won't see many morning suits or outrageous hats. For the dates and details of major football and cricket matches, horse racing and other sporting fixtures across Britain, a great place to start is the sports pages of www.britevents.com. ## Tennis Tennis is widely played in Britain, but the best known tournament for spectators is the All England Championships – known to everyone as Wimbledon – when tennis fever sweeps through Britain in the last week of June and first week of July. Although there's something quintessentially English (yes, more English than British) about the combination of grass courts, polite applause and umpires in straw hats, it was a Scotsman, Andy Murray, who in 2013 became the first British men's singles champion since 1936. Demand for seats at Wimbledon always outstrips supply, but to give everyone an equal chance tickets are sold through a public ballot. You can also take your chance on the spot; about 6000 tickets are sold each day (excluding the final four days), but you'll need to be an early riser: dedicated fans start queuing before dawn. For more information, see www.wimbledon.com. Over 27 tonnes of strawberries and 7000L of cream are consumed every year during the two weeks of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships. # Directory A–Z #### Accommodation #### Customs Regulations #### Discount Cards #### Electricity #### Embassies & Consulates #### Gay & Lesbian Travellers #### Health #### Insurance #### Internet Access #### Legal Matters #### Money #### Opening Hours #### Public Holidays #### Safe Travel #### Telephone #### Time #### Tourist Information #### Travellers with Disabilities #### Visas # Directory A–Z ### Book Your Stay Online For more accommodation reviews by Lonely Planet authors, check out <http://lonelyplanet.com/hotels/>. You'll find independent reviews, as well as recommendations on the best places to stay. Best of all, you can book online. ### Accommodation Accommodation in Britain is as varied as the sights you visit. From hip hotels to basic barns, the wide choice is all part of the attraction. #### B&Bs The B&B (bed and breakfast) is a great British institution. At smaller places it's pretty much a room in somebody's house; larger places may be called a 'guesthouse' (halfway between a B&B and a full hotel). Prices start from around £25 per person for a simple bedroom and shared bathroom; for around £30 to £35 per person you get a private bathroom – either down the hall or en suite. In cities, some B&Bs are for long‑term residents or people on welfare; they don't take passing tourists. In country areas, most B&Bs cater for walkers and cyclists, but some don't, so let them know if you'll be turning up with dirty boots or wheels. When booking, check where your B&B actually is. In country areas, postal addresses include the nearest town, which may be 20 miles away – important if you're walking! Some B&B owners will pick you up by car for a small charge. **Prices** Usually quoted per person, based on two people sharing a room. Single rooms for solo travellers are harder to find, and attract a 20% to 50% premium. Some B&Bs simply won't take single people (unless you pay the full double-room price), especially in summer. **Booking** Advance reservations are preferred at B&Bs and are essential during popular periods. You can book many B&Bs via online agencies but rates may be cheaper if you book direct. If you haven't booked in advance, most towns have a main drag of B&Bs; those with spare rooms hang up a 'Vacancies' sign. Many B&Bs require a minimum two-night stay at weekends. Some places reduce rates for longer stays (two or three nights) midweek. If a B&B is full, owners may recommend another place nearby (possibly a private house taking occasional guests, not in tourist listings). **Food** Most B&Bs serve enormous breakfasts; some offer packed lunches (around £6) and evening meals (around £15 to £20). #### Bunkhouses A bunkhouse in Britain is a simple place to stay, usually in country areas, with a communal sleeping area and bathroom, plus stoves for self-catering. You provide a sleeping bag and possibly cooking gear. Most charge around £12 per person per night. Some basic places are called 'camping barns' – usually converted farm buildings. Take everything you'd need to camp except the tent. Charges are from around £6 per person. #### Camping Campsites range from farmers' fields with a tap and basic toilet, costing from £3 per person per night, to smarter affairs with hot showers and many other facilities, charging up to £13. You usually need all your own kit. A few campsites also offer self-catering accommodation in chalets, caravans, tepees, yurts and stylish wooden camping 'pods', often dubbed 'glamping'. If you're touring Britain with a tent or campervan (motorhome), consider joining the **Camping & Caravanning Club** (www.campingandcaravanningclub.co.uk), which provides up to 30% discount on its sites for an annual membership fee of £37. The club owns almost 100 campsites and lists thousands more in the invaluable _Big Sites Book_ (free to members). ### PRACTICALITIES **Newspapers** Tabloids include the _Sun_ and _Mirror_ , and _Daily Record_ (in Scotland); quality 'broadsheets' include (from right to left, politically) the _Telegraph_ , _Times_ , _Independent_ and _Guardian_. **TV** All TV in the UK is digital. Leading broadcasters include BBC, ITV and Channel 4. Satellite and cable TV providers include Sky and Virgin Media. **Radio** Main BBC stations and wavelengths are Radio 1 (98–99.6MHz FM), Radio 2 (88–92MHz FM), Radio 3 (90–92.2 MHz FM), Radio 4 (92–94.4MHz FM) and Radio 5 Live (909 or 693 AM). National commercial stations include Virgin Radio (1215Hz MW) and non-highbrow classical specialist Classic FM (100–102MHz FM). All are available on digital. **DVD** PAL format (incompatible with NTSC and Secam). **Weights & Measures** Britain uses a mix of metric and imperial measures (eg petrol is sold by the litre but beer by the pint; mountain heights are in metres but road distances in miles). ### SLEEPING PRICE RANGES Reviews of places to stay use the following price ranges, all based on double room with private bathroom in high season. Hotels in London are more expensive than the rest of the country, so have different price ranges. | **London** | **Elsewhere** ---|---|--- **£** | <£100 | <£60 **££** | £100–180 | £60–130 **£££** | >£180 | >£130 #### Hostels There are two types of hostel in Britain: those run by the Youth Hostels Association (YHA; www.yha.org.uk) and Scottish Youth Hostels Association (SYHA; www.syha.org.uk); and independent hostels, most listed in the Independent Hostel Guide (www.independenthostelguide.co.uk). Hostels can be found in rural areas, towns and cities, and are aimed at all types of traveller, young and old. Some hostels are converted cottages, country houses and even castles – often in wonderful locations. Sleeping is usually in dormitories; some hostels also have twin or four-bed rooms. ##### YHA & SYHA Hostels The simplest YHA and SYHA hostels cost around £15 per person per night. Larger hostels with more facilities are £18 to £25. London's YHA hostels cost from £30. Advance bookings and payments with credit card are usually possible. You don't have to be a member of the YHA or SYHA (or another Hostelling International organisation) to stay, but most hostels charge extra if you're not a member (£3 at YHA hostels; £1 at SYHA hostels), so it's usually worth joining. Annual YHA membership costs £20; annual SYHA membership costs £10; younger people and families get discounts. Most hostel prices vary according to demand and season. Book early for a Tuesday night in May and you'll get the best rate. Book late for a weekend in August and you'll pay top price – if there's space at all. We have generally quoted the cheaper rates (in line with those listed on the YHA's website); you may find yourself paying more. YHA hostels tend to have complicated opening times and days, especially in remote locations or out of tourist season, so check before turning up. ##### Independent Hostels In rural areas some independent hostels are little more than simple bunkhouses (charging around £12), or almost up to B&B standard (£20 or more). In cities, independent backpacker hostels are usually aimed at young budget travellers. Most are open 24 hours, with a lively atmosphere, a range of rooms (doubles or dorms), bar, cafe, wi-fi and laundry. Prices go from around £20 for a dorm bed to £40 for a bed in a private room. #### Hotels There's a massive choice of hotels in Britain, from small town houses to grand country mansions, from no-frills locations to boutique hideaways. At the bargain end, single/double rooms cost from £40/50. Move up the scale and you'll pay £100/150 or beyond. If all you want is a place to put your head down, budget chain hotels can be a good option. Most are lacking in ambience, but who cares? You'll only be there for 12 hours, and eight of them you'll be asleep. Prices vary on demand: at quiet times twin-bed rooms start from £30; at the height of the tourist season you'll pay £60 or more. Options include the following: **Ibis Hotels** (www.ibis.com) **Premier Inn** (www.premierinn.com) **Travelodge** (www.travelodge.co.uk) ##### Rates There's no such thing as a 'standard' hotel rate in Britain. Many hotels, especially larger places or chains, vary prices according to demand – or have different rates for online, phone or walk-in bookings – just like airlines and train operators. So if you book early for a night when the hotel is likely to be quiet, rates are cheap. If you book late, or aim for a public holiday weekend, you'll pay a lot. But wait until the very last minute, and you can _sometimes_ get a bargain as rates drop again. The end result: you can pay anything from £25 to £200 for the very same hotel room. With that in mind, the hotel rates we quote are often guide prices only. (In contrast, B&B prices tend to be much more consistent.) #### Houseboats A popular English holiday option is renting a houseboat on one of England's picturesque waterways, combining accommodation and transport for a few days or a week. **UK Boat Hire (**www.ukboathire.com) **Hoseasons** (www.hoseasons.co.uk) **Wandering Duck** (www.wanderingduck.co.uk) 'Floating hostels' for budget travellers. #### Pubs & Inns As well as selling drinks, many pubs and inns offer lodging, particularly in country areas. For bed and breakfast, you'll pay around £25 per person for a basic room, around £40 for something better. An advantage for solo tourists: pubs often have single rooms. ### SOMETHING DIFFERENT FOR THE WEEKEND? For some more unusual accommodation options, the Landmark Trust ( %01628-825925; www.landmarktrust.org.uk) rents historic buildings; your options include ancient cottages, medieval castles, Napoleonic forts and 18th-century follies. Or try Distinctly Different (www.distinctlydifferent.co.uk), specialising in unusual and bizarre places to stay. #### Rental Accommodation If you want to stay in one place, renting for a week can be ideal. Choose from neat apartments in cities or quaint old houses (always called 'cottages', whatever the size) in country areas. Cottages for four people cost between £250 and £650 in high season. Rates fall at quieter times and you may be able to rent for a long weekend. Handy websites: **Bed & Breakfast Nationwide** (www.bedandbreakfastnationwide.com) **Cottages & Castles** (www.cottages-and-castles.co.uk) **Cottages4you** (www.cottages4you.co.uk) **Hoseasons** (www.hoseasons.co.uk) **National Trust** (www.nationaltrust.org.uk/holidays) **Stilwell's** (www.stilwell.co.uk) #### University Accommodation During vacations, many universities offer accommodation to visitors. You usually get a functional single bedroom, and self-catering flats are also available. Prices range from £25 to £60 per person. A handy portal is www.universityrooms.co.uk. ### Customs Regulations Travellers arriving in the UK from EU countries don't have to pay tax or duty on goods for personal use, and can bring in as much EU duty-paid alcohol and tobacco as they like. However, if you bring in more than the following, you'll probably be asked some questions: 800 cigarettes 1kg of tobacco 10L of spirits 90L of wine 110L of beer Travellers from outside the EU can bring in, duty-free: 200 cigarettes _or_ 100 cigarillos _or_ 50 cigars _or_ 250g of tobacco 16L of beer 4L of nonsparkling wine 1L of spirits _or_ 2L of fortified wine or sparkling wine £390 worth of all other goods, including perfume, gifts and souvenirs Anything over this limit must be declared to customs officers on arrival. Check www.hmrc.gov.uk/customs for further details, and for information on reclaiming VAT on items purchased in the UK by non-EU residents. ### Discount Cards There's no specific discount card for visitors to Britain, although travel cards are discounted for younger and older people. ### Electricity ### Embassies & Consulates The table gives a selection of embassies, consulates and high commissions in London. For a complete list, go to www.fco.gov.uk and search for 'foreign embassies'. Country | Phone | Website | Address ---|---|---|--- **Australia** | tel 020-7379 4334 | www.uk.embassy.gov.au | The Strand, WC2B 4LA **Canada** | tel 020-7258 6600 | www.canadainternational.gc.ca | 1 Grosvenor Sq, W1X 0AB **China** | tel 020-7299 4049 | www.chinese-embassy.org.uk | 49-51 Portland Pl, W1B 4JL **France** | tel 020-7073 1000 | www.ambafrance-uk.org | 58 Knightsbridge, SW1 7JT **Germany** | tel 020-7824 1300 | www.london.diplo.de | 23 Belgrave Sq, SW1X 8PX **Ireland** | tel 020-7235 2171 | www.embassyofireland.co.uk | 17 Grosvenor Pl, SW1X 7HR **Japan** | tel 020-7465 6500 | www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp | 101 Piccadilly, W1J 7JT **Netherlands** | tel 020-7590 3200 | www.dutchembassyuk.org | 38 Hyde Park Gate, SW7 5DP **New** **Zealand** | tel 020-7930 8422 | www.nzembassy.com/uk | 80 Haymarket, SW1Y 4TQ **Poland** | tel 020-7291 3520 | www.london.mfa.gov.pl | 47 Portland Pl, W1B 1HQ **USA** | tel 020-7499 9000 | www.usembassy.org.uk | 24 Grosvenor Sq, W1A 1AE ### EATING PRICE RANGES In reviews, the following price ranges refer to a main dish. **£** less than £9. **££** £9 to £18 **£££** more than £18 ### Gay & Lesbian Travellers Britain is a generally tolerant place for gays and lesbians. London, Manchester and Brighton have flourishing gay scenes, and in other sizeable cities (even some small towns) you'll find communities not entirely in the closet. That said, you'll still find pockets of homophobic hostility in some areas. Resources include the following: * Diva (www.divamag.co.uk) * Gay Times (www.gaytimes.co.uk) * London Lesbian & Gay Switchboard (www.llgs.org.uk) ### Health If you're an EU citizen, a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) – available from health centres or, in the UK, post offices – covers you for most medical care. An EHIC will not cover you for non-urgent cases, or emergency repatriation. Citizens from non-EU countries should find out if there is a reciprocal arrangement for free medical care between their country and the UK. If you do need health insurance, make sure you get a policy that covers you for the worst possible scenarios, including emergency flights home. No jabs (vaccinations) are required to travel to Britain. For more information, check with your medical provider in your own country before you travel. Chemists (pharmacies) can advise on minor ailments such as sore throats and earaches. In large cities, there's always at least one 24-hour chemist. ### HERITAGE ORGANISATIONS A highlight of a journey through Britain is visiting the numerous castles and historic sites that pepper the countries. Membership of a heritage organisation gets you free admission (usually a good saving) as well as information handbooks and so on. The National Trust (NT; www.nationaltrust.org.uk) is a charity protecting historic buildings and land with scenic importance across England and Wales. Annual membership £58 (discounts for under-26s and families). A Touring Pass allows free entry to NT properties for one/two weeks (£25/30 per person); families and couples get cheaper rates. The National Trust for Scotland (NTS; www.nts.org.uk) is a similar organisation in Scotland; annual membership £52. English Heritage (EH; www.english-heritage.org.uk) is a state-funded organisation responsible for numerous historic sites. Annual membership is £49 (couples and seniors get discounts). An Overseas Visitors Pass allows free entry to most sites for nine/16 days for £25/30 (cheaper rates for couples and families). In Wales and Scotland the equivalent organisations are Cadw (www.cadw.wales.gov.uk) and Historic Scotland (HS; www.historic-scotland.gov.uk). You can join at the first site you visit. If you join an English heritage organisation, it covers you for Wales and Scotland, and vice versa. ### Insurance Although everyone receives free emergency treatment, regardless of nationality, travel insurance is still highly recommended. It will usually cover medical and dental consultation and treatment at private clinics, which can be quicker than National Health Services (NHS) places – as well as the cost of any emergency flights – plus all the usual stuff like loss of baggage. Worldwide travel insurance is available at www.lonelyplanet.com/travel_services. You can buy, extend and claim online anytime, even if you're already on the road. ### Internet Access 3G and 4G mobile broadband coverage is good in large population centres, but limited or nonexistent in rural areas. However, beware high charges for data roaming – check with your mobile/cellphone provider before travelling. Most hotels, B&Bs, hostels, stations and coffee shops (even some trains and buses) have wi-fi access, charging anything from nothing to £6 per hour. Internet cafes are surprisingly rare in Britain, especially away from big cities and tourist spots. Most charge from £1 per hour, but out in the sticks you can pay £5 per hour. Public libraries often have computers with free inter­net access, but only for 30-minute slots, and demand is high. All the usual warnings apply about keystroke-capturing software and other security risks. We've indicated accommodation and eating and drinking options that have wi-fi with the [W] symbol in the text. Wi-fi is often free, but some places (usually upmarket hotels) charge. If you see the [i] symbol, then the place has an internet terminal. ### Legal Matters Police have the power to detain, for up to six hours, anyone suspected of having committed an offence punishable by imprisonment (including drugs offences). Police have the right to search anyone they suspect of possessing drugs. You must be over 18 to buy alcohol and cigarettes. You usually have to be 18 to enter a pub or bar, although rules are different for under-18s if eating. Some bars and clubs are over-21 only. Illegal drugs are widely available, especially in clubs. Cannabis possession is a criminal offence; punishment for carrying a small amount may be a warning, a fine or imprisonment. Dealers face stiffer penalties, as do people caught with other drugs. On buses and trains (including the London Underground), people without a valid ticket are fined on the spot – usually around £20. ### Money The currency of Britain is the pound sterling (£). Paper money ('notes') comes in £5, £10, £20 and £50 denominations. Some shops don't accept £50 notes because fakes circulate. Other currencies are very rarely accepted, except at some gift shops in London, which may take euros, US dollars, yen and other major currencies. Exchange rates are given in the Need to Know chapter. ### SCOTTISH BANKNOTES Scottish banks issue their own sterling bank­notes. They are interchangeable with Bank of England notes, but you'll sometimes run into problems outside Scotland – shops in the south of England may refuse to accept them. They are also harder to exchange once you get outside the UK, though British banks will always exchange them. #### ATMs ATMs (usually called 'cash machines' in Britain) are common in cities and even small towns. Cash withdrawals from some ATMs may be subject to a small charge, but most are free. If you're not from the UK, your home bank will likely charge you for withdrawing money overseas. Watch out for tampered ATMs; a common ruse is to attach a card-reader or minicamera. #### Credit & Debit Cards Visa and MasterCard credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Britain. Most businesses will assume your card is 'Chip and PIN' enabled (using a PIN instead of signing). If it isn't, you should be able to sign instead, but some places may not accept your card. Some smaller country B&Bs don't take cards, so you'll need to pay with cash. #### Moneychangers Cities and larger towns have banks and exchange bureaux for changing your money into pounds. Check rates first; some bureaux offer poor rates or levy outrageous commissions. You can also change money at some post offices – very handy in country areas, and exchange rates are fair. #### Tipping In Britain you're not obliged to tip if the service or food was unsatisfactory (even if it's been automatically added to your bill as a 'service charge'). **Restaurants** Around 10%. Also at teashops and smarter cafes with full table service. At smarter restaurants waiters expect tips nearer 12% or 15%. **Taxis** Around 10%, or rounded up to the nearest pound, especially in London. It's less usual to tip minicab drivers. **Pubs** Around 10% if you order food at the table and your meal is brought to you. If you order and pay at the bar (food or drinks), tips are not expected. ### Opening Hours #### Banks 9.30am to 4pm or 5pm Monday to Friday. main branches 9.30am to 1pm Saturday. #### Bars, Pubs & Clubs Standard hours for pubs: 11am to 11pm Monday to Sunday. Some pubs shut from 3pm to 6pm; some open to midnight or 1am Friday and Saturday. Standard hours for bars: 11am to midnight, often later, especially at weekends. Clubs open any time from 8pm to 11pm, until 2am or beyond. #### Cafes & Restaurants Most restaurants and cafes are open for lunch or dinner or both, so precise opening times and days are given in reviews only if they differ markedly from the pattern outlined here. Standard hours for cafes: 9am to 5pm. Most cafes open daily. Where we specify 'breakfast & lunch' in reviews we mean open 9am to 5pm. In cities, some cafes open at 7am for breakfast, then shut at 6pm or later. In country areas, some cafes open until 7pm or later in the summer. In winter months, hours are reduced; some cafes close completely from October to Easter. Standard hours for restaurants: lunch noon to 3pm, dinner 6pm to 11pm (to midnight or later in cities). Most restaurants open daily; some close Sunday evening or all day Monday. A few restaurants open for breakfast (usually 9am), but mainly cafes do this. #### Museums & Sights Large museums and sights usually open daily. Some smaller places open Saturday and Sunday but close Monday and/or Tuesday. Smaller places open daily in high season but operate weekends only or completely close in low season. #### Post Offices 9am to 5pm (5.30pm or 6pm in cities) Monday to Friday. 9am to 12.30pm Saturday; main branches to 5pm. #### Shops 9am to 5pm (5.30pm or 6pm in cities) Monday to Friday. 9am to 5pm Saturday. Larger shops open 10am to 4pm Sunday. London and other cities have convenience stores open 24/7. In smaller towns and country areas shops often shut for lunch (normally 1pm to 2pm) and on Wednesday or Thursday afternoon. ### Public Holidays Holidays for the whole of Britain: **New Year's Day** 1 January (plus 2 January in Scotland) **Easter** March/April (Good Friday to Easter Monday inclusive) **May Day** First Monday in May **Spring Bank Holiday** Last Monday in May **Summer Bank Holiday** Last Monday in August **Christmas Day** 25 December **Boxing Day** 26 December If a public holiday falls on a weekend, the nearest Monday is usually taken instead. In England and Wales most businesses and banks close on official public holidays (hence the quaint term 'bank holiday'). In Scotland, bank holidays are just for the banks, and many businesses stay open. Many Scottish towns normally have a spring and autumn holiday, but the dates vary. On public holidays, some small museums and places of interest close, but larger attractions have their busiest times. If a place closes on Sunday, it'll probably be shut on bank holidays as well. Virtually everything – attractions, shops, banks, offices – closes on Christmas Day, although pubs are open at lunchtime. There's usually no public transport on Christmas Day, and a very minimal service on Boxing Day. ### SCHOOL HOLIDAYS Roads get busy and hotel prices go up during school holidays. Exact dates vary from year to year and region to region, but are roughly as follows: **Easter Holiday** Week before and week after Easter **Summer Holiday** Third week of July to first week of September **Christmas Holiday** Mid-December to first week of January There are also three week-long 'half-term' school holidays – usually late February (or early March), late May and late October. These vary between Scotland, England and Wales. ### Safe Travel Britain is a remarkably safe country, but crime is not unknown in London and other cities. Watch out for pickpockets and hustlers in crowded areas popular with tourists such as around Westminster Bridge in London. When travelling by tube, tram or urban train services at night, choose a carriage containing other people. Many town centres can be rowdy on Friday and Saturday nights when the pubs and clubs are emptying Unlicensed minicabs – someone with a car earning money on the side – operate in large cities, and are worth avoiding unless you know what you're doing. ### Telephone #### Mobile Phones The UK uses the GSM 900/1800 network, which covers the rest of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, but isn't compatible with the North American GSM 1900. Most modern mobiles can function on both networks – but check before you leave home just in case. Though roaming charges within the EU are due to be entirely eliminated in December 2015, other international roaming charges can be prohibitively high, and you'll probably find it cheaper to get a UK number. This is easily done by buying a SIM card (around £10 including calling credit) and sticking it in your phone. Your phone may be locked to your home network, however, so you'll have to either get it unlocked, or buy a pay-as-you-go phone along with your SIM card (around £50). Pay-as-you-go phones can be recharged by buying vouchers from shops. #### Phone Codes **Dialling into the UK** Dial your country's international access code then 44 (the UK country code), then the area code (dropping the first 0) followed by the telephone number. **Dialling out of the UK** The international access code is 00; dial this, then add the code of the country you wish to dial. **Making a reverse-charge (collect) international call** Dial 155 for the operator. It's an expensive option, but not for the caller. **Area codes in the UK** These do not have a standard format or length, eg Edinburgh 0131, London 020, Ambleside 015394. **Directory Assistance** A host of agencies compete for your business and charge from 10p to 40p; numbers include 118 192, 118 118, 118 500 and 118 811. **Mobile phones** Codes usually begin with 07. **Free calls** Numbers starting with 0800 are free; calls to 0845 numbers are charged at local rates. **National operator** [tel]100 **International operator** [tel]155 ### Time Britain is on GMT/UTC. The clocks go forward for 'summer time' one hour at the end of March, and go back at the end of October. The 24-hour clock is used for transport timetables. #### Time Differences Paris, Berlin, Rome // 1hr ahead of Britain New York // 5hr behind Sydney // 9hr ahead Apr-Sep, 10hr Oct, 11hr Nov-Mar Los Angeles // 8hr behind Mumbai // 5½hr ahead, 4½hr Mar-Oct Tokyo // 9hr ahead, 8hr Mar-Oct ### Tourist Information Most British cities and towns, and some villages, have a tourist information centre or visitor information centre – for ease we've called all these places 'tourist offices'. Such places have helpful staff, books and maps for sale, leaflets to give away, and advice on things to see or do. Some can also assist with booking accommodation. Some are run by national parks and often have small exhibits about the area. Most tourist offices keep regular business hours; in quiet areas they close from October to March, while in popular areas they open daily year-round. In recent years, cost-cutting has seen many smaller tourist offices close down. Before leaving home, check the comprehensive website of Britain's official tourist board, Visit Britain (www.visitbritain.com), covering all the angles of national tourism, with links to numerous other sites. ### Travellers with Disabilities All new buildings have wheelchair access, and even hotels in grand old country houses often have lifts, ramps and other facilities. Hotel and B&Bs in historic buildings are often harder to adapt, so you'll have less choice here. Modern city buses and trams have low floors for easy access, but few have conductors who can lend a hand when you're getting on or off. Many taxis take wheelchairs, or just have more room in the back. For long-distance travel, coaches may present problems but the main operator, National Express has wheelchair-friendly coaches on many routes. For details, see the website or ring the dedicated Disabled Passenger Travel Helpline on [tel]08717 81 81 79. On most intercity trains there's more room and better facilities, compared with travel by coach, and usually station staff around; just have a word and they'll be happy to help. A Disabled Person's Railcard (www.disabledpersons-railcard.co.uk) costs £20 and gets you 33% off most train fares. Useful organisations: Disability Rights UK Published titles include a Holiday Guide. Other services include a key for 7000 public disabled toilets across the UK. Good Access Guide Tourism for All ### Visas If you're a citizen of the EEA (European Economic Area) nations or Switzerland, you don't need a visa to enter or work in Britain – you can enter using your national identity card. Visa regulations are always subject to change, and immigration restriction is currently big news in Britain, so it's essential to check with your local British embassy, high commission or consulate before leaving home. Currently, if you're a citizen of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, the USA and several other countries, you can stay for up to six months (no visa required), but are not allowed to work. Nationals of many countries, including South Africa, will need to obtain a visa: for more info, see www.ukvisas.gov.uk. The Youth Mobility Scheme, for Australian, Canadian, Japanese, Hong Kong, Monegasque, New Zealand, South Korean and Taiwanese citizens aged 18 to 31, allows working visits of up to two years, but must be applied for in advance. Commonwealth citizens with a UK-born parent may be eligible for a Certificate of Entitlement to the Right of Abode, which entitles them to live and work in the UK. Commonwealth citizens with a UK-born grandparent could qualify for a UK Ancestry Employment Certificate, allowing them to work full time for up to five years in the UK. British immigration authorities have always been tough; dress neatly and carry proof that you have sufficient funds with which to support yourself. A credit card and/or an onward ticket will help. # Transport #### Getting There & Away #### Getting Around # Transport ## Getting There & Away Most visitors reach Britain by air. As London is a global transport hub, it's easy to fly to Britain from just about anywhere. In recent years, the massive growth of budget ('no-frills') airlines has increased the number of routes – and reduced the fares – between Britain and other countries in Europe. The other main option for travel between Britain and mainland Europe is ferry, either port-to-port or combined with a long-distance bus trip, although journeys can be long and financial savings not huge compared with budget airfares. International trains are much more comfortable and a 'green' option; the Channel Tunnel allows direct rail services between Britain, France and Belgium, with onward connections to many other European destinations. Flights, cars and rail tickets can be booked online at lonelyplanet.com/bookings. ### Climate Change and Travel Every form of transport that relies on carbon-based fuel generates CO2, the main cause of human-induced climate change. Modern travel is dependent on aeroplanes, which might use less fuel per per person than most cars but travel much greater distances. The altitude at which aircraft emit gases (including CO2) and particles also contributes to their climate change impact. Many websites offer 'carbon calculators' that allow people to estimate the carbon emissions generated by their journey and, for those who wish to do so, to offset the impact of the greenhouse gases emitted with contributions to portfolios of climate-friendly initiatives throughout the world. Lonely Planet offsets the carbon footprint of all staff and author travel. ### Air #### London Airports London's main airports are listed here. For details of getting from the airports into the city, see Click here. HeathrowAIRPORT (LHR; www.heathrowairport.com) Britain's main airport for international flights; often chaotic and crowded. About 15 miles west of central London. GatwickAIRPORT (LGW; www.gatwickairport.com) Britain's number-two airport, mainly for international flights, 30 miles south of central London. StanstedAIRPORT (STN; www.stanstedairport.com) About 35 miles northeast of central London, mainly handling charter and budget European flights. LutonAIRPORT (LTN; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.london-luton.co.uk) Some 35 miles north of central London, well known as a holiday-flight airport. London CityAIRPORT (LCY; GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.londoncityairport.com) A few miles east of central London, specialising in flights to/from European and other UK airports. #### Regional Airports Some planes on European and long-haul routes avoid London and use major regional airports including Manchester and Glasgow. Smaller regional airports such as Southampton, Cardiff and Birmingham are served by flights to and from continental Europe and Ireland. ### Land ### PASSPORT CHECK Travelling between Britain's three nations of England, Scotland and Wales is easy. The bus and train systems are fully integrated and in most cases you won't even know you've crossed the border; passports are not required. #### Bus & Coach You can easily get between Britain and other European countries via long-distance bus or coach. The international network Eurolines ( GOOGLE MAP ) ; www.eurolines.com; SW1) connects a huge number of destinations; you can buy tickets online via one of the national operators. Services to/from Britain are operated by National Express (www.nationalexpress.com). Sample journey times to/from London include Amsterdam 12 hours; Barcelona 24 hours; Dublin 12 hours; and Paris eight hours. If you book early, and can be flexible with timings (ie travel when few other people want to), you can get some very good deals. For example, between London and Paris or Amsterdam from about £20 one-way (although paying £30 to £40 is more usual). #### Train ##### Channel Tunnel Passenger Service High-speed Eurostar (www.eurostar.com) passenger services shuttle at least 10 times daily between London and Paris (2½ hours) or Brussels (two hours). Buy tickets from travel agencies, major train stations or the Eurostar website. The normal one-way fare between London and Paris/Brussels costs £140 to £180; advance booking and off-peak travel gets cheaper fares as low as £39 one-way. ##### Channel Tunnel Car Service Drivers use Eurotunnel (www.eurotunnel.com). At Folkestone in England or Calais in France, you drive onto a train, get carried through the tunnel and drive off at the other end. Trains run about four times an hour from 6am to 10pm, then hourly through the night. Loading and unloading takes an hour; the journey lasts 35 minutes. Book in advance online or pay on the spot. The one-way cost for a car and passengers is between £75 and £165 depending on time of day; promotional fares often bring it down to £55. ### TRAIN & FERRY CONNECTIONS As well as Eurostar, many 'normal' trains run between Britain and mainland Europe. You buy one ticket, but get off the train at the port, walk onto a ferry, then get another train on the other side. Routes include Amsterdam–London (via Hook of Holland and Harwich). Travelling between Ireland and Britain, the main train-ferry-train route is Dublin to London, via Dun Laoghaire and Holyhead. Ferries also run between Rosslare and Fishguard or Pembroke (Wales), with train connections on either side. ### Sea #### Ferry Routes The main ferry routes between Britain and other European countries include the following: Dover to Calais (France) Dover to Boulogne (France) Newhaven to Dieppe (France) Harwich to Hook of Holland (Netherlands) Hull to Zeebrugge (Belgium) Hull to Rotterdam (Netherlands) Portsmouth to Santander (Spain) Portsmouth to Bilbao (Spain) Holyhead to Dun Laoghaire (Ireland) Cairnryan to Larne (Ireland) #### Ferry Fares Most ferry operators offer flexible fares, meaning great bargains at quiet times of day or year. For example, short cross-channel routes such as Dover to Calais or Boulogne can be as low as £20 for a car plus up to five passengers, although around £50 to £90 is more likely. If you're a foot passenger, or cycling, there's less need to book ahead; fares on short crossings cost about £10 to £30 each way. #### Ferry Bookings Book direct with one of the operators listed following, or use the very handy www.ferrybooker.com – a single site covering all sea-ferry routes, plus Eurotunnel. Brittany FerriesFERRY (www.brittany-ferries.com) DFDS SeawaysFERRY (www.dfdsseaways.co.uk) Irish FerriesFERRY (www.irishferries.com) P&O FerriesFERRY (www.poferries.com) Stena LineFERRY (www.stenaline.com) ## Getting Around For getting around Britain your first big decision is to travel by car or public transport. Having your own car makes the best use of time, and helps reach remote places, but rental and fuel costs can be expensive for budget travellers (while traffic jams in major cities hit everyone) – public transport is often the better choice. As long as you have time, using a mix of train, bus, taxi, walking and occasionally hiring a bike, you can get almost anywhere in Britain without having to drive. The main public transport options are train and long-distance bus (called coach in Britain). Services between major towns and cities are generally good, although at peak times you must book in advance to be sure of getting a ticket. If you book ahead early or travel at off-peak periods – ideally both – train and coach tickets can be very cheap. ### INFORMATION SERVICE Traveline ( %0871 200 2233; www.traveline.info) is a very useful information service covering bus, coach, taxi and train services nationwide. The website offers access to online timetables, a journey planner, route maps and limited fares information. ### Air Britain's domestic airline companies include British Airways, FlyBe/Loganiar, EasyJet and Ryanair. If you're really pushed for time, flights on longer routes across Britain (eg Exeter or Southampton to Newcastle, Edinburgh or Inverness), or to the Scottish islands, are handy, although you miss the glorious scenery in between. On some shorter routes (eg London to Newcastle, or Manchester to Newquay) trains compare favourably with planes on time, once airport downtime is factored in. On costs, you might get a bargain airfare, but trains can be cheaper if you buy tickets in advance. ### Bicycle Britain is a compact country, and hiring a bike – for an hour or two, or a week or longer – is a great way to really see the country if you've got time to spare. #### Rental in London London is famous for its Barclays Cycle Hire Scheme (Click here), known as 'Boris bikes' after the mayor that introduced them to the city. Bikes can be hired on the spot from automatic docking stations. For more information visit the Transport for London (www.tfl.gov.uk) website. Other rental options in the capital are listed at www.lcc.org.uk. #### Rental Elsewhere The **nextbike** (www.nextbike.co.uk) bike-sharing scheme currently has stations in Glasgow, Stirling and Bath, while tourist towns such as Oxford and Cambridge have plentiful bike-rental options. Bikes can also be hired in national parks or forestry sites now primarily used for leisure activities, such as Kielder Water in Northumberland, Grizedale Forest in the Lake District and the Elan Valley in Mid-Wales. In some areas, disused railway lines are now bike routes, notably the Peak District in Derbyshire. Rental rates start at about £10 per day, or £20 for something half decent. #### Bikes on Trains Bicycles can be taken free of charge on most local urban trains (although they may not be allowed at peak times when the trains are crowded with commuters) and on shorter trips in rural areas, on a first-come, first-served basis – though there may be space limits. Bikes can be carried on long-distance train journeys free of charge, but advance booking is required for most conventional bikes. (Folding bikes can be carried on pretty much any train at any time.) In theory, this shouldn't be too much trouble as most long-distance rail trips are best bought in advance anyway, but you have to go a long way down the path of booking your seat before you start booking your bike – only to find space isn't available. A better course of action is to buy in advance at a major rail station, where the booking clerk can help you through the options. A final warning: when railways are repaired, cancelled trains are replaced by buses – and they won't take bikes. A very useful leaflet called _National Rail Cycling by Train_ is available at major stations or downloadable from www.nationalrail.co.uk (from the homepage follow links to 'Stations & On-train' then 'Cyclists'). ### Boat There are around 90 inhabited islands off the western and northern coasts of Scotland, which are linked to the mainland by a network of car and passenger ferries. There are two main ferry operators. Caledonian MacBrayneFERRY (CalMac; %0800 066 5000; www.calmac.co.uk) Operates car ferry services to the Inner and Outer Hebrides and the islands in the Firth of Clyde. Northlink FerriesFERRY ( %0845 600 0449; www.northlink-ferries.co.uk) Operates car ferry services to the Orkney and Shetland Islands. ### Bus & Coach If you're on a tight budget, long-distance buses (called coaches in Britain) are nearly always the cheapest way to get around, although they're also the slowest – sometimes by a considerable margin. Many towns have separate stations for local buses and long-distance coaches; make sure you go to the right one! National Express is the main coach operator, with a wide network and frequent services between main centres. North of the border, services tie in with those of Scottish Citylink ( %0871 266 3333; www.citylink.co.uk), Scotland's leading coach company. Fares vary: they're cheaper if you book in advance and travel at quieter times, and more expensive if you buy your ticket on the spot and it's Friday afternoon. As a guide, a 200-mile trip (eg London to York) will cost £15 to £30 if you book a few days in advance. Megabus (www.megabus.com) operates a budget coach service between about 30 destinations around the country. Go at a quiet time, book early and your ticket will be very cheap. Book later, for a busy time and... You get the picture. #### Passes & Discounts National Express offers discount passes to full-time students and under-26s, called Young Persons Coachcards. They cost £10 and give you 30% off standard adult fares. Also available are coachcards for people over 60, families and disabled travellers. For touring the country, National Express offers Brit Xplorer passes, allowing unlimited travel for seven/14/28 days (£79/139/219). You don't need to book journeys in advance: if the coach has a spare seat, you can take it. ### HOW MUCH TO...? When travelling by long-distance bus, coach or train in Britain, it's important to realise that there's no such thing as a standard fare. Prices vary according to demand and when you buy your ticket. Book long in advance and travel on Tuesday midmorning and it's cheap. Buy your ticket on the spot late Friday afternoon and it'll be a lot more expensive. Ferries use similar systems. We have generally quoted sample fares somewhere in between the very cheapest and most expensive options. The price you pay will almost certainly be different. ### Car & Motorcycle Travelling by car or motorbike around Britain means you can be independent and flexible, and reach remote places. Downsides for drivers include traffic jams, the high price of fuel, and high parking costs in cities. #### Car Rental Compared with many countries (especially the USA), hire rates are expensive in Britain; the smallest cars start from about £120 per week, and it's around £250 per week for a medium car. All rates include insurance and unlimited mileage, and can rise at busy times (or drop at quiet times). Some main players: Avis (www.avis.co.uk) Budget (www.budget.co.uk) Europcar (www.europcar.co.uk) Sixt (www.sixt.co.uk) Thrifty (www.thrifty.co.uk) Another option is to look online for small local car-hire companies in Britain that can undercut the international franchises. Generally those in cities are cheaper than in rural areas. Using a rental-broker or comparison site such as UK Car Hire (www.ukcarhire.net) or Kayak can also help find bargains. #### Motorhome Rental Hiring a motorhome or campervan (£500 to £900 a week) is more expensive than hiring a car, but saves on accommodation costs and gives almost unlimited freedom. Sites to check include: Just GoCAR RENTAL (www.justgo.uk.com) Wild HorizonCAR RENTAL (www.wildhorizon.co.uk) #### Motoring Organisations Motoring organisations in Britain include the Automobile Association (www.theaa.com) and the Royal Automobile Club (www.rac.co.uk). For both, annual membership starts at around £50, including 24-hour roadside breakdown assistance. A greener alternative is the Environmental Transport Association (www.eta.co.uk); it provides breakdown assistance but doesn't campaign for more roads. #### Insurance It's illegal to drive a car or motorbike in Britain without (at least) third-party insurance. This will be included with all rental cars. If you're bringing a car from Europe you'll need to arrange it. #### Parking Many cities have short-stay and long-stay car parks; the latter are cheaper though may be less convenient. 'Park & Ride' systems allow you to park on the edge of the city then ride to the centre on frequent nonstop buses for an all-in-one price. Yellow lines (single or double) along the edge of the road indicate restrictions. Nearby signs spell out when you can and can't park. In London and other big cities, traffic wardens operate with efficiency; if you park on the yellow lines at the wrong time, your car will be clamped or towed away, and it'll cost you £100 or more to get driving again. In some cities there are also red lines, which mean no stopping at all. Ever. #### Roads Motorways and main A-roads deliver you quickly from one end of the country to another. Lesser A-roads, B-roads and minor roads are much more scenic – ideal for car or motorcycle touring. You can't travel fast, but you won't care. Speed limits are usually 30mph (48km/h) in built-up areas, 60mph (96km/h) on main roads and 70mph (112km/h) on motorways and most (but not all) dual carriageways. #### Road Rules A foreign driving licence is valid in Britain for up to 12 months. Drink driving is taken very seriously; you're allowed a maximum blood-alcohol level of 80mg/100mL (0.08%) – campaigners want it reduced to 50mg/100mL (0.05%), in line with most European countries. Some other important rules: drive on the left (!) wear fitted seat belts in cars wear helmets on motorcycles give way to your right at junctions and roundabouts always use the left lane on motorways and dual carriageways unless overtaking (although so many people ignore this rule, you'd think it didn't exist) don't use a mobile phone while driving unless it's fully hands-free (another rule frequently flouted) ### Hitching Hitching is not as common as it used to be in Britain: maybe because more people have cars and maybe because few drivers give lifts any more. It's perfectly possible, however, if you don't mind long waits, although travellers should understand they're taking a small but potentially serious risk, and we don't recommend it. If you decide to go by thumb, note that it's illegal to hitch on motorways; you must use approach roads or service stations. However, it's all different in remote rural areas such as Mid-Wales or northwest Scotland, where hitching is a part of getting around – especially if you're a walker heading back to base after a hike on the hills. On some Scottish islands, local drivers may stop and offer a lift without you even asking. ### Local Transport British cities usually have good public transport systems – a combination of bus, train and tram – often run by a confusing number of separate companies. Tourist offices can provide maps and information. #### Local Bus There are good local bus networks year-round in cities and towns. Buses also run in some rural areas year-round, although timetables are designed to serve schools and businesses, so there aren't many midday and weekend services (and they may stop running during school holidays), or buses may link local villages to a market town on only one day each week. In tourist areas (especially national parks), there are frequent services from Easter to September. However, it's always worth double-checking at a tourist office before planning your day's activities around a bus that may not actually be running. In this book, along with the local bus route number, frequency and duration, we have provided indicative fares. ##### Local Bus Passes If you're taking a few local bus rides in one area, day passes (with names like Day Rover, Wayfarer or Explorer) are cheaper than buying several single tickets. Often they can be bought on your first bus, and may include local rail services. It's always worth asking ticket clerks or bus drivers about your options. #### Local Ferry Local ferries are another option when travelling around Britain; for example, from the mainland to the Isle of Wight, and to or among the Scottish islands. #### Taxi There are two sorts of taxi in Britain: those with meters that can be hailed in the street; and minicabs, which are cheaper but can only be called by phone. Unlicensed minicabs operate in some cities (Click here). In London, most taxis are the famous 'black cabs' (some with advertising livery in other colours) which charge by distance and time. Depending on the time of day, a 1-mile journey takes five to 10 minutes and cost £6 to £9. Longer journeys are proportionally cheaper. Black cabs also operate in some other large cities around Britain, with rates usually lower than in London. In London, taxis are best flagged down in the street; a 'for hire' light on the roof indicates availability. In other cities, you can flag down a cab if you see one, but it's usually easier to go to a taxi rank. In rural areas, taxis need to be called by phone; the best place to find the local taxi's phone number is the local pub. Fares are £2 to £4 per mile. Train-Taxi is a portal site that helps 'bridge the final gap' between the train station and your hotel or other final destination. ### Train For long-distance travel around Britain, trains are generally faster and more comfortable than coaches but can be more expensive, although with discount tickets they're competitive – and often take you through beautiful countryside. The British like to moan about their trains, but around 85% run on time. The other 15% that get delayed or cancelled mostly impact commuter services rather than long-distance journeys. #### Information Your first stop should be National Rail Enquiries ( %08457 48 49 50; www.nationalrail.co.uk), the nationwide timetable and fare information service. Its website advertises special offers and has real-time links to station departure boards and downloadable maps of the rail network. ### STATION NAMES London has several mainline train stations, including Victoria, Paddington, King's Cross, Waterloo, Charing Cross and Liverpool St, positioned in a rough circle around the city's central area (and mostly linked by the Circle Underground line). The stations' proper names are London Victoria, London Paddington, London King's Cross and so on, and this is how you'll see them on official timetables, information boards and booking websites – although the British never use the full names in everyday speech. In this guide, for clarity, we have used the full name for London stations. This is also to help distinguish the London stations from stations in some other British cities that also share names such as Victoria and Charing Cross. #### Operators About 20 different companies operate train services in Britain, while Network Rail operates track and stations. For some passengers this system can be confusing at first, but information and ticket-buying services are mostly centralised. If you have to change trains, or use two or more train operators, you still buy one ticket – valid for the whole journey. The main railcards and passes are also accepted by all train operators. Where more than one train operator services the same route, eg York to Edinburgh, a ticket purchased from one company may not be valid on trains run by another. So if you miss the train you originally booked, it's worth checking which later services your ticket will be valid for. #### Tickets & Reservations ##### Buying Tickets Once you've found the journey you need on the National Rail Enquiries website, links take you to the relevant train operator to buy the ticket. This can be mailed to you (UK addresses only) or collected at the station on the day of travel from automatic machines. There's usually no booking fee on top of the ticket price. You can also use a centralised ticketing service to buy your train ticket. These cover all train services in a single site, and make a small booking fee on top of every ticket price. The main players include the following: QJump (www.qjump.co.uk) Rail Easy (www.raileasy.co.uk) Train Line (www.thetrainline.com) To use operator or centralised ticketing websites, you always have to state a preferred time and day of travel, even if you don't mind when you go, but you can change it as you go through the process, and with a little delving around you can find some real bargains. You can also buy train tickets on the spot at stations, which is fine for short journeys (under about 50 miles), but discount tickets for longer trips are usually not available and must be bought in advance by phone or online. ##### Costs For longer journeys, on-the-spot fares are always available, but tickets are much cheaper if bought in advance. The earlier you book, the cheaper it gets. You can also save if you travel off-peak. Advance purchase usually gets a reserved seat, too. Whichever operator you travel with and wherever you buy tickets, these are the three main fare types: **Anytime** Buy anytime, travel anytime – usually the most expensive option. **Off-peak** Buy ticket any time, travel off-peak (what is off-peak depends on the journey). **Advance** Buy ticket in advance, travel only on specific trains – usually the cheapest option. For an idea of the price difference, an Anytime single ticket from London to York will cost £125 or more, an Off-peak around £95, with an Advance around £30 to £40, and possibly less if you book early enough or don't mind arriving at midnight. The cheapest fares are nonrefundable, so if you miss your train you'll have to buy a new ticket. ##### Onward Travel If the train doesn't get you all the way to your destination, you can add a PlusBus (www.plusbus.info) supplement when making your reservation to validate your train ticket for onward travel by bus. This is more convenient, and usually cheaper, than buying a separate bus ticket. #### Train Classes There are two classes of rail travel: 1st and standard. First class costs around 50% more than standard fare (up to double at busy periods) and gets you bigger seats, more leg-room, and usually a more peaceful businesslike atmosphere, plus extras such as complimentary drinks and newspapers. At weekends some train operators offer 'upgrades' to 1st class for an extra £5 to £25 on top of your standard class fare, payable on the spot. #### Train Passes ##### Discount Passes If you're staying in Britain for a while, passes known as Railcards (www.railcard.co.uk) are available: **16-25 Railcard** For those aged 16 to 25, or a full-time UK student. **Senior Railcard** For anyone over 60. **Family & Friends Railcard** Covers up to four adults and four children travelling together. Railcards cost £30 (valid for one year, available from major stations or online) and get 33% discount on most train fares, except those already heavily discounted. With the Family card, adults get 33% and children get 60% discounts, so the fee is easily repaid in a couple of journeys. ##### Local & Regional Passes Local train passes usually cover rail networks around a city (many include bus travel too) and are detailed in the relevant sections throughout this guide. If you're concentrating your travels on southeast England (eg London to Dover, Weymouth, Cambridge or Oxford), a Network Railcard (www.railcard.co.uk/network; per year £30) covers up to four adults and up to four children travelling together outside peak times. ##### National Passes For country-wide travel, BritRail (www.britrail.net) passes are available for visitors from overseas. They must be bought in your country of origin (not in Britain) from a specialist travel agency. Available in seven different versions (eg England only; Scotland only; all Britain; UK and Ireland) for periods from four to 30 days. # Behind the Scenes ### SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to postal submissions, we always guarantee that your feedback goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don't want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/privacy. ## Our Readers Many thanks to the travellers who used the last edition and wrote to us with helpful hints, useful advice and interesting anecdotes: Alice Gossington, Charlotte Dawes, Chris Girdler, Chuck Wiener, Eric Pellissier Tanon, Susanne Lanz, Tohru Yukimura ## Author Thanks #### Neil Wilson Many thanks to all the helpful and enthusiastic staff at tourist information centres throughout the country, and to the many travellers I met on the road who chipped in with advice and recommendations. Thanks also to Carol Downie, and to Steven Fallon and Keith Jeffrey, Steve Hall, Russell Leaper, Brendan Bolland, Jenny Neil, and Tom and Christine Duffin. Finally, many thanks to all my co-authors and to the ever-helpful and patient editors and cartographers at Lonely Planet. #### Oliver Berry Thanks for help and assistance on this book go to Alice Sommerlad, Thom Hunt, Rupert Ellis, Dave Grimstead, Jim Burns, Lucy Granger, Simon Timms and Hetty at Koru Kayaking. Special thanks to Susie & Gracie Berry, to Belinda Dixon for co-authoring skills, to Neil Wilson for steering the ship, and James Smart and all the folks at Lonely Planet for guidance and sage advice. #### Fionn Davenport Thanks to Andy Parkinson at Visit Manchester and Joe Keggin at Marketing Liverpool for their help; big thanks to Saralinda Turner at Lonely Planet for her patience and perseverance, and also to Neil for being the good steward and James for, well, everything else. #### Marc Di Duca A huge 'ta' goes to all the staff at tourist offices across the Southeast (those that haven't been axed that is) but especially to the helpful guys in Hastings, Canterbury and Rye. Also thanks to Therese at Canterbury Cathedral and my Kyiv parents-in-law Mykola and Vira for looking after sons Taras and Kirill while I was on the road. And last, but certainly not least, heartfelt gratitude must go to my wife Tanya, for all those long days we spend apart. #### Belinda Dixon Huge thanks go to: James Smart for having faith (and the gig!), Lonely Planet's behind the scenes teams, and fellow authors for humour, wisdom and travellers' tales. Everyone encountered on southwest-wide travels for tips, facts and countless kindnesses. And JL for sharing the road trips (especially kayaking, fossil-­hunting and afternoon tea drinking) and still making me smile. #### Peter Dragicevich Many thanks to the friends on the road who made this such an enjoyable assignment, especially Kerri Tyler, Tim Benzie, Paul Joseph and Kurt Crommelin. Extra special thanks to Matt, Clare, Charlie and Artie Swaine for the Bristol bonhomie. Much love to Phillippa Steel – an absolute inspiration and a true friend. #### Damian Harper Many thanks to a long list of helpful individuals: John Patrick Egan, Fiona Jenkins, Stephanie Francis, Daisy Harper, Amy Williams, Arlene Fraser, Matthew Scudamore, Daniel Hands and last but certainly not least, Timothy Benjamin and Emma Rosalind. A tip of the hat also to the people of London who make this city such an exciting and fascinating place to call home. #### Anna Kaminski I would like to thank the supportive _Great Britain_ team, particularly Neil and James, plus everyone who helped me during my travels. In particular, a huge thank you to Christopher in Hay-on-Wye; Cate and Asher in Conwy; Jo, Manu, James and CAT staff in Machynlleth; Geoff in Brecon; Martin in Harlech; and the good people of AA for towing me to Swansea. I am also grateful to Jan Morris and her partner Elizabeth for the gracious hospitality shown to a complete stranger turning up on their doorstep. #### Catherine Le Nevez Cheers first and foremost to Julian, and to all of the locals, tourism professionals and fellow travellers who provided insights, inspiration and good times. Thanks especially to Ade Andrews for the interview, and to Steven, Jeremy, Jayni and Alan in Birmingham, Nadia in Nottingham, and Raisa and Jonny in Newcastle. Thanks too to Neil Wilson, James Smart, Cliff Wilkinson, Joe Revill and everyone at Lonely Planet. As ever, merci encore to my parents, brother, _belle-sœur_ and _neveu_. #### Andy Symington Many thanks are due in many places, but firstly to Jenny Neil and Brendan Bolland for a big welcome and cracking cemetery stay and to Juliette and David Paton for guaranteed warm and generous hospitality. Old mate Hugh O'Keefe was grand company on the Highlands' winding roads, while John Campbell brightened an Unst evening. Gratitude goes also to Eleanor Hamilton, Cindy-Lou Ramsay, Riika Åkerlind, the Jackson-Hevia family and numerous helpful folk met along the way. Big thanks to Neil for coordinating and Taybank pints, and cheers to James, Cliff and the Lonely Planet team for a top organising job. ## Acknowledgements Climate map data adapted from Peel MC, Finlayson BL & McMahon TA (2007) 'Updated World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification', Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 1633–44. Cover photograph: Land's End, Cornwall, Pietro Canali/4Corners. Illustrations: 'Tower of London', 'Hadrian's Wall', 'Victoria & Albert Museum', 'Rosslyn Chapel', 'Royal Mile' and 'Stirling Castle' by Javier Zarracina; 'The River Thames' by Javier Zarracina and Michael Weldon ## This Book This 11th edition of Lonely Planet's _Great Britain_ guidebook was researched and written by Neil Wilson, Oliver Berry, Fionn Davenport, Marc Di Duca, Belinda Dixon, Peter Dragicevich, Damian Harper, Anna Kaminski, Catherine Le Nevez and Andy Symington. This guidebook was produced by the following: **Destination Editors** James Smart, Clifton Wilkinson **Product Editor** Elin Berglund **Senior Cartographer** Mark Griffiths **Book Designer** Cam Ashley **Assisting Editors** Peter Cruttenden, Kate Evans, Carly Hall, Victoria Harrison, Anne Mulvaney, Susan Paterson, Monique Perrin, Ross Taylor, Saralinda Turner, Jeanette Wall **Assisting Cartographers** Julie Dodkins, Corey Hutchison, David Kemp **Cover Researcher** Naomi Parker **Thanks to** Penny Cordner, Bruce Evans, Ryan Evans, Justin Flynn, Larissa Frost, Anna Harris, Jouve India, Andi Jones, Katherine Marsh, Virginia Moreno, Claire Naylor, Karyn Noble, Katie O'Connell, Martine Power, Dianne Schallmeiner, Ellie Simpson, Luna Soo, John Taufa, Samantha Tyson, Lauren Wellicome, Amanda Williamson **Ebook thanks to** Anita Banh, Andrew Bigger, Ruth Cosgrove, Julie Dodkins, Craig Kilburn, Chris Love, Wayne Murphy, Jacqui Saunders, John Taufa, Chris Tsismetzis, Glenn Van der Knijff, Juan Winata. ### Our Story A beat-up old car, a few dollars in the pocket and a sense of adventure. In 1972 that's all Tony and Maureen Wheeler needed for the trip of a lifetime – across Europe and Asia overland to Australia. It took several months, and at the end – broke but inspired – they sat at their kitchen table writing and stapling together their first travel guide, _Across Asia on the Cheap_. Within a week they'd sold 1500 copies. Lonely Planet was born. Today, Lonely Planet has offices in Franklin, London, Melbourne, Oakland, Beijing and Delhi, with more than 600 staff and writers. We share Tony's belief that 'a great guidebook should do three things: inform, educate and amuse'. # Our Writers ###### Neil Wilson Coordinating Author; Yorkshire; Edinburgh; Argyll, Central & Northeast Scotland Neil was born in Scotland and, save for a few years spent abroad, has lived there most of his life. A lifelong enthusiasm for the great outdoors has inspired hiking, biking and sailing expeditions to every corner of Britain. Researching this edition took him from the country's most westerly point at Ardnamurchan Lighthouse to its most easterly at Fraserburgh, and to every corner of Yorkshire. Neil has been a full-time author since 1988 and has written around 65 guidebooks for various publishers, including Lonely Planet's _Scotland_ and _Scotland's Highlands & Islands_. ###### Oliver Berry Bath & Southwest England; The Lake District & Cumbria A professional writer and photographer based in Cornwall and Bristol, Oliver likes nothing better than exploring his local beaches and clifftops in the name of research. For this book he covered his home county, and also ventured across the Tamar to write the sections on Somerset, Bristol, Bath and Cumbria. Research highlights included kayaking down the Helford River and watching the sunset from the top of Scafell Pike. You can see his latest work at www.oliverberry.com. ###### Fionn Davenport Manchester, Liverpool & Northwest England As a Dubliner, Fionn feels an affinity with the Northwest. Maybe it's his lifelong support of Liverpool Football Club, or his longtime love of The Smiths, but a visit to Liverpool or Manchester is always that little bit special. Over the years and various editions of this guide he's had plenty of occasion to visit and get to know the region better, exploring Chester and the Wirral, and tramping through Lancaster and into the north Lancashire hills. ###### Marc Di Duca Canterbury & Southeast England Originally from Darlington, County Durham, Marc has been a northerner-gone-south since 2000 and has covered his adopted corner of weald and down for the past three editions of Lonely Planet's _England_ and _Great Britain_. A full-time travel author for a decade, Marc has updated and written Lonely Planet guides to Ukraine, Russia, the Trans-Siberian Railway, Poland, Austria and Germany, though he can usually be found in Sandwich, Kent, where he lives with wife Tanya and their two sons. lonelyplanet.com/members/madidu ###### Belinda Dixon Bath & Southwest England; Cambridge & East Anglia Belinda made a gleeful bolt for the sunny southwest for her post-grad, having been drawn there by the palm trees on campus. Like the best Westcountry limpets, she's proved hard to shift since and now writes and broadcasts in the region. Research highlights for this latest adventure included fossil hunting on the Jurassic Coast, white-water kayaking on Dartmoor, pony spotting on Exmoor, 'researching' cider in Dorset and sampling afternoon tea in Lyme. lonelyplanet.com/members/belindadixon ###### Peter Dragicevich Oxford, Cotswolds & Around; Cardiff, Pembrokeshire & South Wales Wales has held a fascination for Peter ever since he was sent to write about Welsh castles for one of his first ever newspaper travel features. Since then he's co-authored dozens of Lonely Planet titles, including the Wales guidebook. And while his name may not be very Welsh, it does at least have over half a dragon in it. ###### Damian Harper London Born off the Strand within earshot of Bow Bells (favourable wind permitting), Damian grew up in Notting Hill way before it was discovered by Hollywood. A onetime Shakespeare and Company bookseller and radio presenter, Damian has been authoring guidebooks for Lonely Planet since the late 1990s. He lives in South London with his wife and two kids, frequently returning to China (his second home). ###### Anna Kaminski Hay-on-Wye & Mid-Wales; Snowdonia & North Wales No stranger to Wales, Anna spent this research trip gleefully rediscovering childhood highlights: castles, narrow-gauge railways, the beaches of North Wales and the many hiking paths of Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons. In spite of (or perhaps because of) nearly bringing a rockslide down on herself on Mt Snowdon and her car breaking down for the first time ever, it has been Anna's most memorable venture into Cymru's remotest parts. Anna has contributed to over a dozen Lonely Planet titles. ###### Catherine Le Nevez Birmingham, the Midlands & the Marches; Newcastle & Northeast England Catherine first roadtripped around Great Britain aged four and she's been roadtripping here at every opportunity since, completing her Doctorate of Creative Arts in Writing, Masters in Professional Writing, and post-grad qualifications in editing and publishing along the way. She's also written dozens of Lonely Planet guidebooks and newspaper, magazine and online articles covering the UK, Europe and beyond. Roaming castle ruins and corridors of stately homes were highlights of researching this book, as was discovering idyllic countryside pubs. ###### Andy Symington Glasgow & Southern Scotland; Central & Northern Highlands & Islands Andy's Scottish forebears make their presence felt in a love of malt, a debatable ginger colour to his facial hair and a love of wild places. From childhood treks up the M1 he graduated to making dubious roadtrips around the firths in a disintegrating Mini Metro and thence to peddling whisky in darkest Leith. While living there, he travelled widely around the country in search of the perfect dram, and, now resident in Spain, continues to visit very regularly. **Published by Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd** ABN 36 005 607 983 11 edition - Mar 15 ISBN 9781743605295 © Lonely Planet 2015 Photographs © as indicated 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, except brief extracts for the purpose of review, and no part of this publication may be sold or hired, without the written permission of the publisher. Lonely Planet and the Lonely Planet logo are trademarks of Lonely Planet and are registered in the US Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. Lonely Planet does not allow its name or logo to be appropriated by commercial establishments, such as retailers, restaurants or hotels. Please let us know of any misuses: lonelyplanet.com/ip. Although the authors and Lonely Planet have taken all reasonable care in preparing this book, we make no warranty about the accuracy or completeness of its content and, to the maximum extent permitted, disclaim all liability arising from its use.

USA The EU is a political system with a unique structure and functioning, incomparable to anything which has existed before, far away from any classical, either national or international model. In such supranational union that is neither a pure intergovernmental organization nor a true federal state, political institutions appear vague and somewhat obscure and indistinguishable. Are Iran and Saudi Arabia going to war? They are already fighting – by proxy – all over the region. Relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran quickly deteriorated in January 2016 following Riyadh’s execution of Shiite cleric Nimr al-Nimi but their struggle for power dates back to Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979. Tehran's influence extends today across a broad area of the Middle East from Iran in the east to Lebanon in the west. UNESCO’s Director-General, Irina Bokova and the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Paolo Gentiloni signed in February 2016 in Rome an agreement on the establishment of a Task Force of cultural heritage experts in the framework of UNESCO’s global coalition “Unite for Heritage”. Under the agreement, UNESCO will be able to ask the Italian Government to make experts of the Task Force available for deployment for the conservation of cultural heritage in areas affected by crises. In October 2016 John Sawers, a former MI6 chief, told BBC that the world was entering an era possibly “more dangerous” than the Cold War, as “we do not have that focus on a strategic relationship between Moscow and Washington”. Lt. Gen. Eugeny Buzhinsky, head of PIR Centre, a Moscow Think Tank, did maintain: “If we talk about the last Cold War, we are currently somewhere between the erection of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis but without the mechanisms to manage the confrontation”.

CIBC Poll: Nearly half of all Canadians with debt not making progress in paying it down Many say they simply don't have the money, but may be missing opportunities to get advice about how to reduce their debt TORONTO, June 5, 2013 /CNW/ - A new CIBC(TSX: CM) (NYSE: CM) Poll conducted by Harris/Decima reveals that half of Canadians with debtsay their debt level is the same or higher than it was a year ago, despite prior CIBC polls showing debt repayment as the top priority for Canadians in 2013. Highlights of the poll include: 71 per cent of Canadians said they currently carry some form of debt, in line with the national average in a similar poll conducted last year (72 per cent) Among Canadians with debt, 21 per cent say their level of debt has increased in the last 12 months, while another 28 per cent say their debt level has stayed the same - which indicates nearly half (49 per cent) of Canadians with debt did not make progress towards paying it down in the past year The top reason cited for not making progress on debt reduction was not having the money to do so 50 per cent said they have reduced their debt in the last year "Though Canadians have identified paying down debt as their top financial priority for the past three years, our poll shows almost an even split between those who are making strides and those who aren't," said Christina Kramer, Executive Vice President, Retail Distribution and Channel Strategy, CIBC. "Today's historically low interest rates represent a real opportunity to reduce your total debt level, however to take advantage of these low rates it is critical that Canadians have a plan to make that happen." CIBC's annual Financial Priorities Poll, released in January 2013, found that paying down debt was the top financial priority of Canadians for the third consecutive year. "Not Having the Money" Cited as Top Reason for not Making Progress Among those Canadians who said they aren't making progress on debt repayment, the top reason provided was they don't have the money to put against what they owe (29 per cent), followed by unplanned expenses which affected their ability to pay more towards their debt (12 per cent). A CIBC study from earlier this year shows that despite being a financial priority, debt is not top of mind when it comes to getting advice. When Canadians were asked what topics come to mind about a conversation they may have with an advisor, only 6 per cent cited debt. "It can be challenging to find the money each month to put towards reducing your debt, but our poll clearly shows that many Canadians are doing just that despite having the same everyday financial pressures of those who say they are not making progress," said Ms. Kramer. She noted that with many Canadians avoiding conversations about debt management, they are missing an opportunity to get personalized advice and put a plan in place. "You should talk with an advisor about your debt management goals the same way you would talk to them about your goals for retirement, because your finances are all connected," added Ms. Kramer. "A conversation with an advisor can lead to a plan that puts on you on track to achieve your broader financial goals." Advice on Managing Debt: CIBC offers these tips to help Canadians take charge of their finances and reduce debt as part of their long term financial plan. Make lump sum payments to higher interest debt first to reduce interest costs If you have debt, work with an advisor to structure it to minimize your overall interest costs by utilizing debt products that offer a lower interest rate and having a strategy to pay these balances down in a specific time frame While interest rates remain near historic lows, don't ignore the long term benefits of making small adjustments to your payment today. Setting your debt payment even slightly higher than your required payment can reduce your overall interest costs and help you become debt free faster Use free budgeting tools to help you stay on budget - CIBC CreditSmart, available to CIBC credit card holders, allows you to set customized budgets and receive spend alerts if you exceed your planned budget for the month, helping you stay on top of your everyday budgeting and saving KEY POLL FINDINGS Percentage of Canadians currently managing some form of debt, by region: 2013 2012 National 71% 72% Atlantic Canada 79% 78% Quebec 71% 72% Ontario 71% 69% Manitoba and Saskatchewan 73% 77% Alberta 69% 75% B.C. 64% 71% Percentage of Canadians currently managing some form of debt, by age: 2013 2012 National 71% 72% 18-24 59% 51% 25-34 82% 84% 35-44 79% 83% 45-54 78% 78% 55-64 66% 67% 65 + over 56% 56% Among Canadians with debt, percentage of those that say they have increased their debt over the past 12 months, by region: National 21% Atlantic Canada 8% Quebec 24% Ontario 23% Manitoba and Saskatchewan 24% Alberta 18% British Columbia 21% Among Canadians with debt, percentage of those that say their level of debt has stayed the same over the past 12 months, by region: National 28% Atlantic Canada 32% Quebec 33% Ontario 26% Manitoba and Saskatchewan 23% Alberta 24% British Columbia 31% *Each week, Harris/Decima interviews just over 1000 Canadians through teleVox, the company's national telephone omnibus survey. These data were gathered in samples of 2002 Canadians between March 28 to April 7, 2013 and 1002 Canadians between April 25 - 28, 2013. Samples of this size have a margin of error of +/-2.2%, 19 times out of 20 and +/-3.1%, 19 times out of 20 respectively. CIBC is a leading North American financial institution with over 11 million personal banking and business clients. CIBC offers a full range of products and services through its comprehensive electronic banking network, branches and offices across Canada, and has offices in the United States and around the world. You can find other news releases and information about CIBC in our Media Centre on our corporate website at www.cibc.com.

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OS 10.2 - Permanently deleting emails and files This is my first time posting so I hope I don't screw this up...Does anyone have any advice on how to permanently delete emails and files? I am running on OS X 10.3.9 and have deleted files in my trash using the secure empty trash function, however, I have a large number of emails I have deleted in Mail. Are these permenently deleted as well? Secondly, is some of the shareware or freeware out there such as Shredit any good? I have a concern that someone is going to try and retrieve deleted data off my computer sometime soon and I really don't want any emails/files showing up that I have deleted. If you are using Mail as your email client and you account is setup as a pop3 account not leaving a copy on the server and your mac is not remotely backed up and your home folder is local then your mail lives in /Users/username/Library/Mail. Using the erase deleted messages from the mailbox menu will get rid of your mail. Will it be recoveerable from a drive recovery company,...possibly. Your company on the other handprobably not. Unless the above criteria is false.

The bantamweight champion of DEEP, Takafumi Otsuka, will take on Koichi Ishiuzka on May 13th at Differ Ariake in Tokyo. Otsuka was supposed to fight Fernando Vieira for the WSOF-GC bantamweight title in December. However, the Brazilian was over the weight at the first weigh-in and never showed up at the second weigh-in. Vieira was nowhere to be found after this.The Brazilian basically fled from the entire show. Otsuka became the inaugural WSOF-GC champ but this means, the last time he fought was back in August of last year. That was, however, against a Mongolian fighter named Baataryn Azjavkhlan who was 1-0 at the time. In terms of competitive fight, vs Daisuke Engo in February 2016 maybe is the last time Otsuka went through, which is more than a year ago. Ishizuka is basically born and raised in DEEP. And, he is undefeated in the last ten fights. For Ishizuka, this must be the opportunity he has been looking for all of his pro MMA career. So, Ishizuka has to be motivated than ever. The only concern is, his recent changes in the training environment. In last year, Ishizuka moved to Aichi because of the job which forced him to leave team Brightness Monma. And, Ishizuka joined team ALIVE which is based in Aichi prefecture. But Ishizuka left ALIVE now, and his status is “independent.” Besides this title fight between Otsuka and Ishizuka, men’s strawweight bout between Haruo Ochi and “Rambo” Kosuke is also confirmed. These two met all the way back in May of 2011. This fight took place in Shooto. “Rambo” almost caught Ochi with an armbar in the first round. But Ochi came back and KO’d Kosuke in the second round. That was “Rambo”‘s first pro defeat in seven fights.

--recursive --require @babel/register

Accounting Surf Works offer a range of accounting services suitable for all types of business. Below, we have listed packages suitable for sole traders, partnerships and limited companies. The packages can be fully tailored to your requirements by adding extra services to create the exact service that you and your business requires. All services are carried out on time with the minimum of fuss by our in house, fully qualified accountant The list of services offered is not exhaustive so please let us know if you require a service not listed. If you have specific needs we can build a bespoke accountancy package tailored to your exact requirements. Standard Packages From Sole Trader to Limited Company, we can organise your accounting with a simple, no-nonsense standard package. Sole Traderfrom £25pm Partnershipfrom £45pm Personal Tax Return for each partner (includes partnership income and bank interest received) Limited Co.from £65pm Year End Accounts Accounts Filed at Companies House Company Tax Return Payroll for Directors Salary Dividend Paperwork Directors Personal Tax Return Return Filed at Companies House Bolt on Services Year End Accounts Bookkeeping VAT Returns Payroll CIS Returns Management Accounts Company Formations Company Annual Returns Personal Tax Returns Partnership Tax Returns Company Tax Returns Rental Property Accounts Capital Gains Tax Inheritance Tax Warning: strpos() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/surfworks/public/wp-content/themes/kallyas/framework/hg-theme-framework/inc/helpers/functions-image-helpers.php on line 157 Warning: strpos() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/surfworks/public/wp-content/themes/kallyas/framework/hg-theme-framework/inc/helpers/functions-image-helpers.php on line 157 We also offer a fully outsourced finance function that includes: Raise and issue sales invoices to your customers Collect, allocate and bank money from your customers Maintain your purchases ledger Issue payments to your suppliers when invoices are due For more information about our accountancy services, give us a call or email :-)

How Idris Elba's 'Luther' Puts Us in the Mindset of a Renegade Detective "Luther" is a series about righteous indignation. Yes, it's a police drama, a dark (sometimes ludicrously so) crime saga set in a moody London with a greater and grimmer murder rate to equal that of other bleak procedurals. Yes, it's a police drama, a dark (sometimes ludicrously so) crime saga set in a moody version of London with a greater and grimmer murder rate to equal that of other bleak procedurals. But the satisfaction of seeing those cases solved, those murderers and kidnappers caught, is muted, secondary to the suffering and sacrifice and validation of protagonist John Luther, the detective played by Idris Elba with a staggering display of movie star charisma that seems like it ought to produce static shocks with everything with which he comes into contact. Luther's devoted to his job with an obsessiveness that's destroying him, that, as the series began in 2010, had ended his marriage and eaten him up inside, changing him. He's good at what he does, if prone to extremes, and yet he seems to be perpetually doubted, maligned and hurt because of it. In season one, Luther was framed for the murder of his beloved wife and forced to run from his fellow officers, and it's not the only time in the series he's a suspect. In season two he's treated like a certain career contaminant by a new, ambitious, by-the-books officer assigned to report to him. And in the four-episode third season airing on BBC America from September 3 through 6, that former colleague, DS Erin Gray (Nikki Amuka-Bird), is targeting him as part of an investigation of police corruption with DSU George Stark (David O'Hara), who may be a little obsessive himself. Aside from his sidekick DS Justin Ripley (Warren Brown), few seem to appreciate Luther and his incredible abilities -- instead, he's infamous, the rest of the police force apparently all too able of believing he's capable of dark things. We, as viewers, don't, because of Idris Elba. John Luther is Elba's best role since that of the fascinatingly savvy Stringer Bell in "The Wire," because it showcases the actor's utterly assured presence, his air of rakishly rumpled confidence in his tweed coat. Luther does not have swagger, he has conviction, conviction that informs his every -- frequently correct -- move. It's why it's so easy to trust him in a way that the characters working with him don't, and not without reason. When the series began in 2010, it was with Luther letting a pedophile fall to what could have been his death after extracting from him information about the location of the girl he'd kidnapped. It didn't doom his career -- he got lucky -- but he hasn't really changed. He even threatens a suspect with a similar fate toward the start of the new season -- but the move doesn't come across as harsh. We're more worried, when it happens, that it'll get him in trouble again. "Luther" is mesmerizing because of Elba, and because the show is so consumed by his performance that it becomes not one about a maverick cop but instead one of a man outpacing the justice system he's allegedly a part of, one that hampers him with its pesky rules, its politics and its skeptics. It encourages us to buy into his worldview, in which he should just be allowed to do his job and get justice done, though that may mean covering up crimes or allowing culprits he's judged deserving to go free -- like Alice Morgan (Ruth Wilson), his psychopathic superhero of a friend, and a wonderful, preposterous character who's essentially too enjoyable to be locked up. Luther's tactics make him so dangerous to the people around him that the case Stark tries to build against him is based on the peripheral body count rather than evidence, and when, in the new season, he starts a tentative romance with Mary Day (Sienna Guillory), a woman another character dismissively sums up as a "pixie," it's accompanied by a sense of dread. The series comes close to confronting the nature of its protagonist in the new season, introducing a grieving man who turns to vigilanteism and gathers public support for his actions as he starts targeting rapists and killers who've gotten off lightly. Confronting Luther on opposite sides of a canal, the man says "One out of five murders are committed by men on bail," and demands to know why nothing is being done about it. "It's complicated," Luther replies. "No, it's not," says the man. "No... it's not. You've got me there," Luther admits. The difference is that, while Luther may bend the rules to fit his ideas about crime and punishment, he doesn't do so looking for outside approval the way the antagonist he's facing down does -- the opposite, really. Instead, it's the viewers who seethe on his behalf and yearn for his efforts to continue, and it's that conflicting emotion far more than the procedural aspects that lifts "Luther" above the plethora of similarly lurid recent dark crime dramas it resembles.

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The date is fast approaching for our spring rally. I have posted the reservation information in the Calendar section, I will post more details in the calendar section as they become available. If you have any questions please e-mail me at txjeff123@gmail.com.

var config = { type: Phaser.AUTO, parent: 'phaser-example', width: 800, height: 600, scene: { create: create }, }; var game = new Phaser.Game(config); function create() { var graphics = this.add.graphics(); drawStar(graphics, 100, 300, 4, 50, 50 / 2, 0xffff00, 0xff0000); drawStar(graphics, 400, 300, 5, 100, 100 / 2, 0xffff00, 0xff0000); drawStar(graphics, 700, 300, 6, 50, 50 / 2, 0xffff00, 0xff0000); } function drawStar (graphics, cx, cy, spikes, outerRadius, innerRadius, color, lineColor) { var rot = Math.PI / 2 * 3; var x = cx; var y = cy; var step = Math.PI / spikes; graphics.lineStyle(4, lineColor, 1); graphics.fillStyle(color, 1); graphics.beginPath(); graphics.moveTo(cx, cy - outerRadius); for (i = 0; i < spikes; i++) { x = cx + Math.cos(rot) * outerRadius; y = cy + Math.sin(rot) * outerRadius; graphics.lineTo(x, y); rot += step; x = cx + Math.cos(rot) * innerRadius; y = cy + Math.sin(rot) * innerRadius; graphics.lineTo(x, y); rot += step; } graphics.lineTo(cx, cy - outerRadius); graphics.closePath(); graphics.fillPath(); graphics.strokePath(); }

My Hero Academia Season 2- Episode 18 After last weeks episode, I was really curious what they had in store for us this week. How the heroes will come back to Earth after such a traumatic experience. And good thing for us, this episode is rightly named “The Aftermath of Hero Killer: Stain”. My Hero Academia- Funimation We open with Izuku, Iida, and Todoroki all in the hospital. They are all recovering from their tremendous fight. But also reflecting how lucky they are to be alive still. The door opens and we see Gran Torino and Pro Hero Manual. First thing Gran Torino does of course is scold Midoriya. But before Gran Torino goes full instructor on him, he tells the boys that they have a visitor. My Hero Academia- Funimation A tall figure turns the corner wearing a professional business suit. It’s Hosu’s chief of police, Kenji Tsuragamae. Who also happens to look like a dog (just go along with it I guess?). Kenji tells the boys that Stain is in custody and is being treated for several broken bones and serious burns. He also reminds them that what they have done was not okay on paper. Uncertified heroes using their Quirks against their instructors orders is highly frowned upon. But Todoroki is not taking it. He tells the chief that if Iida didn’t step in, then Pro Hero Native would have been killed. And the both of them would have been killed without Izuku’s help. But Gran Torino tells Todoroki to hear the chief out. Kenji tells them that the punishment would only happen if this was made public. And the people would applaud their efforts anyway. But if the police kept it quiet, no one gets punished, but the boys don’t get the praise they deserve. Instead Endeavor will get the praise from the masses. It would also explain Stain’s burn scars. So they choose to not be celebrated as heroes and apologize anyways. But Kenji tells them he respects what they did and he thanks them for protecting the peace. So it has hit the news that Endeavor has stopped hero killer Stain and the nomus from destroying Hosu City. It’s all anyone is talking about. Meanwhile, we get a look at how everyone else from Class 1-A is doing in their internship programs. First we look at Bakugo who is having a less than stellar time. The first thing he wants to do is go knock some heads around but his mentor is not allowing him and says it will be business as usual. Hopefully that could help Bakugo control his temper. Kirishima finds out the reason why Midoriya sent him his location. Apparently he also reported the incident last night. Go Kirishima! Momo debuted in a commercial with her mentor and it seems obvious modelling is not what she wants to be doing. But her mentor is letting her go on patrol like she has wanted since the start of their training together. My Hero Academia- Funimation And finally there is Uraraka who is on the phone with Midoriya. She tells him how glad she is that they are all safe. Midoriya of course apologizes for not contacting sooner but she understands. In the midst of the conversation, Uraraka’s mentor Gunhead reminds her that they are going to start their basic training. She then says bye to Midoriya and Gunhead asks in a very cute way, “Your boyfriend?”. And she immediately dismisses it. When Midoriya hangs up he gets all worked up that he talked to a girl on the phone. This scene was my favorite from this episode it had me busting up! We get back to the guys in the hospital and Iida comes out and tells the two that he may have long-term damage in his hand. But he reflects on his actions from that night and regrets them greatly. He shouldn’t have acted so swiftly and carelessly. But Midoriya doesn’t let Iida beat himself up too much. He agrees that him and Iida should get stronger together. My Hero Academia- Funimation We cut to U.A. with All Might in the staff room. He gets a phone call from Gran Torino. He tells All Might that he has had his teaching licence revoked for six months because of Midoriya’s actions but there was no way of avoiding that and that he has come to terms with it. But All Might is very ashamed of himself for letting down his former instructor. But this isn’t the reason Gran Torino called. He really wants to talk about Stain. He says in the few minutes he was with him, it had him trembling. It was because of how intimidating and obsessed he was on what he think a hero should be and what he will do to correct our society. Because this has hit so many news stations, Stains ideology and opinions will be put on blast. People will become influenced by Stain’s beliefs and become a plague. But All Might doesn’t believe it will be a problem because they will probably show up sporadically and they will be taken out 1 by 1. But this is where the League of Villains comes in. If they all combine their hatred and Shigaraki gives them an outlet to express and deal with their evil intentions, it will become a serious problem. Gran Torino then reminds All Might that he must tell Midoriya properly what is concerning him and One for All. Which I have no idea what that is all about. Apparently the quirk is “on the move”? I’m interested in what that might mean. This episode was mostly a lot of dialogue and context but it was needed after such a shift in the story. It was refreshing getting some insight on how everyone else is doing too. I’m hoping next time they elaborate on what is concerning All Might and what is happening with his quirk? Only time will tell.

Located on the Kefalonia Island in Greece, this spectacular cave was lost for centuries until being rediscovered in 1951 by Giannis Petrocheilos. Take a look at this beautiful cave system and the island that it is part of. The famous Mytros Beach is also on this island. In Greek mythology it is believed that Nymph's used to live in these caves.

Vale de Lua – Moon Surface on Earth The valley terrain is all covered with rock formations and intricate labyrinths created by nature. In ancient times, there were deposits of quartz. But the noisy river San Miguel has streamed lots of passages over the years. Now, quartz rocks hang over the pond and the holes of different shapes remind those seen on the moon. Due to the different degrees of refraction of light water in some places seems to be dark blue, in other - clear and transparent. Dark brown and almost black, sometimes bluish-gray rocks vary in height and shape. Such miracle undoubtedly shows that the forces of nature are capable of creating the most unusual landscapes. In Brazil, Vale de Lua unusual relief appeared also due to the presence of sand. Gradually, layer after layer, it was brought there with river’s stream, settled on the coastal cliffs and formed numerous mounds an unusual shape. If looking a little closer you will notice that in some places the quartz rock thinned to such an extent that its thickness does not exceed the thickness of a sheet of paper. The magnificent landscape of small lakes is completed with waterfalls.

Micro-Loan Program In order to promote economic development in the City of Alamo, the Alamo EDC established the Alamo Small Business Micro-Loan Program (MLP) with assistance from USDA – Rural Development. The MLP is a self-sustaining project that works by lending money to local businesses, with the money paid back plus interest being reused. The following documents must be submitted for a loan application: Application form. An executive summary with three years of financial projections. A project budget. A personal financial statement. Two years of income tax returns – business and/or personal (for the most current years). Year-end financial statement(s) from an existing organization. Balance sheet(s) (yearly). Profit and loss statement(s) (last quarter). A minimum of two bids from non-related third-party vendors/contractors. A credit report (to be conducted by AEDC), steps for loan process. Filling out the loan application: Must submit all documents to AEDC via mail or hand delivery. The AEDC begins the loan application review to determine eligibility. The applicant will be notified of eligibility status. If eligible, the loan application will be presented to the Loan Review Committee. A committee recommendation will be presented to the AEDC Board for final approval. The applicant will be notified of the board’s decision to approve or deny the loan application as well as loan-specific terms, when applicable.

The Doom Generation (1995) October 25, 1995 FILM REVIEW;Gory Kitsch in a Parody of Teen-Age Road Movies By JANET MASLIN Published: October 25, 1995 Production notes for Gregg Araki's "Doom Generation" say it is "Araki's first big-budget feature and marks the end of his film adolescence." Well, not exactly. After a promising debut with "The Living End" followed by the angrier, more marginalized "Totally F***ed Up," Mr. Araki is still sounding a note of self-congratulatory teen-age rebellion in a film gruesome and obvious enough to make "Natural Born Killers" look like a model of restraint. It's not even much of a change to find "The Doom Generation" billed as "a heterosexual movie," since it shares the effective homoerotic energy of his earlier work. That this film includes a teen-age girl, Amy Blue (Rose McGowan), as part of its sexual menage only means one especially clear target of contempt ("Don't get your uterus all tied in a knot" is one of the more printable things anyone says to her) in a film overflowing with it. Amy's insolence and Anna Karina hairdo (like Uma Thurman's in "Pulp Fiction") may offer a touch of Godard. But this film's satire of teen-age-wasteland cinema is so coarsely exaggerated that any homage is beside the point. Using outlaw characters named Red, White and Blue to condemn all aspects of unhip America, Mr. Araki indulges in such broad parody that thinking it clumsy means failure to get the joke. Though visibly more polished than his earlier films, "The Doom Generation" clings to a midnight movie sensibility founded on deliberate kitsch. So Amy is a one-note, rude, sulky heroine, saying things like "Life is lonely, boring and dumb" while the two men she's sleeping with enjoy an obvious attraction to each other. Not content to leave this as subtext, Mr. Araki throws in the occasional bumper sticker: "Ditch the bitch. Make the switch." Voluptuous Xavier Red (Johnathon Schaech) is way ahead of charmingly dim Jordan White (James Duval) in getting the hint about this, but it doesn't matter: "The Doom Generation" leads them both to a gory demonstration of America's intolerance toward sexual nonconformists. Obscured by strobe lights and boosted by the alternative-rock soundtrack that's sure to help sell the movie, this already notorious castration sequence is one of several gross-out epiphanies here. Others include the severing of a head that still talks, and even vomits, after it is removed from a vein-spurting body, and a blink-of-the-eye cameo by Heidi Fleiss. The genuine enthusiasm Mr. Araki brings to this film's bedroom scenes, with their whimsical sets and jokey porn ambiance, is matched by the occasionally workable black humor in his screenplay. ("You murdered two people tonight. Doesn't that faze you at all?" "Yeah, I'm bummed. To the max.") But sledgehammer direction, heavy irony and the easiest imaginable targets hardly show talent off to good advantage. THE DOOM GENERATION Written, edited and directed by Gregg Araki; director of photography, Jim Fealy; music by the Jesus and Mary Chain, Nine Inch Nails, Showdive, Curve, Meat Beat Manifesto, Pizzicato Five, Cocteau Twins and others; production designer, Therese Deprez; produced by Andrea Sperling, Mr. Araki and Why Not Productions (France); released by Trimark Pictures. At the Angelika Film Center, Mercer and Houston Streets. Running time: 90 minutes. This film is not rated.

On January 1, 2018, the most significant overhaul to the Internal Revenue Code in decades took effect. High-income taxpayers stand to benefit from lower tax brackets, higher estate tax exemptions and a less stringent alternative minimum tax. However, high-income earners face new limitations on some favored deductions and notable revisions in charitable write-offs. Some of the most noteworthy changes are…

4 ideas for improving your e-commerce ​website 2019 is here, and the new year provides an excellent opportunity to refresh your e-commerce website, by adding new features and updating content. Adding web banners Web banners are a great way to keep your e-commerce website homepage looking fresh, and making viewers aware of the latest news about products and offers. They can be easily modified to serve a range of purposes, are potentially eye-catching if they are placed in the appropriate area and are a good way of promoting a specific product or offer on a homepage while also retaining the core brand visuals elsewhere. The image below is an example of a web banner in development. We’ve put together a handy guide for creating your banners – click here. Adding new features New features on your e-commerce website can add value through improved functionality, which in turn enhances the usability for customers and users. Features that allow for easy modification to products that they wish to purchase, such as different colours or quantities, or a social login function that enables users to create an account through their Facebook credentials. Such responsive features make the e-commerce process as painless and easy-to-use as possible, limiting the barriers between browsing and purchase, in turn improving conversion rates and the chances of customers returning for more in the future. A positive experience can often leave the customer wanting more, and it’s the websites job to ensure that their features and functionality are kept updated and fit for purpose, in response to the ever-changing demands of the modern e-commerce customer. For example, one of the new features we’ve recently added from Amasty is the Social Login, which allows users to set up their account using login credentials from Facebook. To find out more about this feature, click here. Improve optimisation While you’re reading this, grab a smartphone or tablet and have a browse around your website. How does it look? Are the images stacked or overlapping, or is there text missing? These issues mean your website has not been optimised for mobile devices, making it unusable for a large percentage of potential customers browsing with their iPhones or Samsungs. Users are extremely unlikely to want to fight through images and texts to find the products they want, and will quickly become frustrated and depart for a different site. Don’t neglect these customers! Get your site optimised for different devices to reach as wide an audience as possible. Data from 2018, shown below in the graph, from Statista.com, shows that 52.2% of all browsing online was done on a mobile device, a trend which has grown exponentially year-upon-year. This graph underlines the importance of ensuring that your website is fit for use for all potential users. You’re potentially missing out on reaching these customers if your site doesn’t meet their demands, and, with the trend of mobile browsing only set to rise, optimising your website to ensure it’s fit for use is quickly become a necessity for online retailers. Our Liquidshop e-commerce platform is designed to provide the best user experience for your customers, though responsive e-commerce. Optimisation on devices of all sizes allows your website to be user-friendly for as many potential visitors as possible, expanding your reach and enhancing the user experience, leading to increased sales as part of the smooth and responsive overall e-commerce experience. Keeping branding updated and consistent There are few things more off-putting when navigating onto an e-commerce website that a poorly designed logo at the top of the page, or old, pixilated imagery taking up the homepage. A consistent brand image across the pages improves brand recognition for customers and gives the impression of a modern, well designed and cared for website and business as a whole. You can also create special themed logos for holiday times such as Christmas or winter, like we did with our logo below. What’s most important is too put time and effort into keeping your website updated. Whether that’s imagery, information or branding, putting the time into maintaining an attractive and cohesive e-commerce site means you keep your customers, and new visitors engaged and ensure that there as few barriers as possible between browsing and purchase. Magento is ending support for version 1 in June 2020. After initially announcing that November 2018 would be the cut-off point, this was revised to the later date, to allow for the vast amount of v1 websites around the world to be upgraded and rebuilt in v2. What... We closely monitor all areas of e-commerce, always on the lookout for developments that offer additional functionality and improved performance for our Liquidshop clients and their customers. One development that is a growing concern throughout the industry is... In case you missed the news last week, Liquidshop has become an official partner of Magento feature developer Amasty. Liquidshop has been recognised by Amasty as a company who have significant expertise and skills in Magento web development. This underlines the...

Update: Sree Narasimha Jayanthi – May 17th 2019 This day signifies the appearance of Lord Narasimha on the planet. Lord Narasimha is the fourth and the greatest incarnation of Lord Vishnu. He is believed to have appeared to protect his devotee, Prahlada, from his father Hiranyakashyapu . If you listen to the song ” Narashima Nembo davana” posted on youtube, there is a paragraph which explains how Lord Narashima came from the pillar. Hiranyakashyapu pointed out at a pillar in his palace and asked Prahalada whether Lord Vishnu was present in it pillar. Prahalada who was a great devotee said yes. Next, you know Hiranyakashyapu uses his Gadha and broke open the pillar and there emerged our Lord Narasimha who than slained Hiranyakashyapu using his sharp paws. The day signifies the triumph of good over evil and the eagerness of the lord to protect his devotees from evil. When my Parents visited us last year, my Father recited the “Bhagavatha Purana” for three weeks at my place. The way my Dad explained this part of the Purana, brings tears to my eyes every time I listen “Narashima Nembo Devana”. The greatest mistake I made was to not record the purana. Hopefully will record the next time my Father visits us. About Narasimha Jayanthi: Ms. Lakshmi’s write up summary from the book “ಭಾರತೀಯ ಹಬ್ಬ ಹರಿದಿನಗಳು” by ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ರಂಗಪ್ರಿಯ ಮಹಾದೇಷಿಕ ಸ್ವಾಮಿಗಳು. “The pillar in evil Hiranyakashipu’s royal court, signifies the ṃērusthambha, the central backbone system. Through the central nervous system called ṣuśumna, the brilliant light emanated. The energy associated came out in its full fierce glory as Narasimha and later transformed into the peaceful form after the destruction of evil force.” When is Narasimha Jayanthi celebrated? Narasimha Jayanthi is one of the important festivals of Vaiśnavas. It is celebrated in the vaiśāka māsam,on ṣukla pakśa chaturdaśi, after akśhaya thrithēya, svāti nakśatra, siddha Yōga, vanija karanam. The date is determined according to chāndramāna system. Since the inception of this avatāram is in the evening, the worship is done in the evening. It is considered to be more auspicious if this day coincides with sōmavasarē, Monday or ṣanivasarē, Saturday. It is a sacred day to remember Lord Narasimha’s sarva vyāpakatva- all pervading – spiritual knowledge, wealth, strength, valor, splendor, and compassion toward His devotees. Which are the major manifestations of Lord Narasimha? There are three major forms of Lord Narasimha. 1. Ugra-Narasimha – His fierce form: In this form He has conch – ṣanka, discus – chakra, mace – gada, bow – chāpa, bells – ghanta-, trident like – ankuśa, and his two hands ready to chisel the demon heart, as His āyudhams – weapons. This form is worshipped in the evenings. 2. Lakshmi Narasimha: In this form he is very peaceful – ṣanta – with His consort – Sri Lakshmi sitting on his left lap, with ādiseṣa on his head as umbrella, and Prahallāda standing in his front praying with his folded hands. This manifestation is followed after his fierce form– as a result, he is worshipped in the morning. 3. Yoga Narasimha – meditative: Here, He is in his Meditative form for those who aspire for results of Yoga. – Incense, lamplight, flowers and ṣrigandha or perfume.- tuḻasi or Holy Basil — Since he has the element of both viśnu and rudra- kamalam – Lotus, bilva daḻam – leaves of stone apple, japākusumam- red hibiscus can be offered to the Lord. What kinds of food can be offered to Lord Narasimha? Athirasa – fried cake made with jaggery and rice flour. Pāyasa – milk puddings made out of any of moong dal, channa dal, and – – – Pānaka – typically made with jaggery water and pepper, or fruit juice like lemonade. Any sātvik food can be offered with great devotion by chanting the Narasimha Mantra. sātvik food is that food creates an internal calmness and balance, when one consumes it. The lord graciously accepts devotees’ service and reverence. All worship should be followed by distribution of Prasāda or food offered to God. How do we worship Lord Narasimha? Lord Narasimha can be worshipped in two ways. The first is detailed below: Along with firm faith, worship of Narasimha is associated with rigid criteria. This is explained in detail below 1. ācharana ṣuddhi – Requires strict adherence to performance. 2. Cleanliness of ḍravya- physical things like utensils, lamps, ingredients. 3. Inner sanctity of five senses – body, intellect, mind, place, and act of worship 4. Chastity of Mind, speech and deeds unification, compassion, calmness of virtuous soul within. These are to prevent any glitches that might distract the mind while doing the worship. 5. Taking bath and starting with daily routine worship followed by pūja sankalpa-declaration to do worship, and completion without break with little or no food intake till then. 6. Bodily calmness in turn calms the mind. This helps to open up the channel that leads to internal visualization and realization of Narasimha. These are things that keep body, mind and intellect in balance to further the pursuit of (worship til)attaining perfection. 7. Those who seek Salvation, do fasting till worship is over in the evening.Those who seek all types of desire fulfillment do fasting till the next day morning worship and follow with chanting of Narasimha mantra. 8. To do further, people could do hōma – oblation and read “Nrsimhatāpini ” upaniśad. 9. An idol of Narasimha can be donated to someone who has great respect and potential to worship the idol. The second means of worship is detailed for those who find it difficult to adhere to the above strict rules, can do the following steps 1. ḍhyāna or meditation – along with imagining the worship of Narasimha with the above said flowers etc. 2. Acts of mind and soul offered to God is also oblation. This is equivalent to hōmam. 3.Various purifying actions performed during puja a. snānha – ablution, pāna – intake of water and food offered to God b. pādya – chant with clean and clear heart and intellect c. arghya – water offered with respect from the river of faith d. āchamana – water used for sipping same river e. abhiśeka – for the lord f. Mind filled with the flow of thoughts of God from the river of faith, ṣraddha – as the water for cleansing. 4. ātma – Offer sacred soul which is inside the body. 5. bow and perform salutation with state of equanimity 6. ṣaranāgati– self surrender to the Lord With pure mind and internal contemplation there is no need for external rituals to be performed. Pāramārthika or worship of realizing supreme alone with internal purity surpasses all other forms of worship. That is, true worship with internal purity is more powerful than the external rituals. As part of worship, singing, listening to discourse is recommended at the end of the worship. Insight about this incarnation of ṣri mahāviśnu: The brilliant form of Narasimha is described as comprising of three entities. 1. Brahma from feet to naval, 2. Vishnu–naval to neck 3. Rudra–neck unto head., From there onwards– it is the supreme Godhead, Parabrahma. Narasimha is personification of truth–perceived and experienced by those who are in the state of union with divine, and that, which is beyond senses – Yoga Samādhi. The brilliant form of Narasimha is also considered and viewed as an internal phenomenon. Dear Smt.Meera Raghu, Thanks for giving us a very comprehensive information on Narasimha Jayanti. Your efforts are always excellent, perfect and highly useful to all in Madhwa community.Rayaru will keep you and your family always happy hale and healthy to continue this sacred service. I just thought of sharing a very sacred stotra on Narasimha which I learnt from somebody (I dont remeber right now.) and chanting this stotra 5 time at any distressful/critical situation will clear the situation with wonderful solution to the problem causing the distress/crisis. I have reproduced this stotra below for the benefit of everyone Hare Krsna dear Meera Mataji! Dandavat pranaam! Thank you for the wonderful article but the word “Idol” is completely wrong, it is to be mentioned as “Deity”. The word Idol, which means “an object of false worship”, was introduced by the British to destroy our Vedic Culture. Thank you 🙂 About Narasimha Jayanthi: Here is my write up summary from the book “ಭಾರತೀಯ ಹಬ್ಬ ಹರಿದಿನಗಳು” by ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ರಂಗಪ್ರಿಯ ಮಹಾದೇಷಿಕ ಸ್ವಾಮಿಗಳು “The pillar in evil Hiranyakashipu’s royal court, signifies the ṃērusthambha, the central backbone system. Through the central nervous system called ṣuśumna, the brilliant light emanated. The energy associated came out in its full fierce glory as Narasimha and later transformed into the peaceful form after the destruction of evil force.” When is Narasimha Jayanthi celebrated? Narasimha Jayanthi is one of the important festivals of Vaiśnavas. It is celebrated in the vaiśāka māsam,on ṣukla pakśa chaturdaśi, after akśhaya thrithēya, svāti nakśatra, siddha Yōga, vanija karanam. The date is determined according to chāndramāna system. Since the inception of this avatāram is in the evening, the worship is done in the evening. It is considered to be more auspicious if this day coincides with sōmavasarē, Monday or ṣanivasarē, Saturday. It is a sacred day to remember Lord Narasimha’s sarva vyāpakatva- all pervading – spiritual knowledge, wealth, strength, valor, splendor, and compassion toward His devotees. Which are the major manifestations of Lord Narasimha? There are three major forms of Lord Narasimha. 1. Ugra-Narasimha – His fierce form: In this form He has conch – ṣanka, discus – chakra, mace – gada, bow – chāpa, bells – ghanta-, trident like – ankuśa, and his two hands ready to chisel the demon heart, as His āyudhams – weapons. This form is worshipped in the evenings. 2. Lakshmi Narasimha: In this form he is very peaceful – ṣanta – with His consort – Sri Lakshmi sitting on his left lap, with ādiseṣa on his head as umbrella, and Prahallāda standing in his front praying with his folded hands. This manifestation is followed after his fierce form– as a result, he is worshipped in the morning. 3. Yoga Narasimha – meditative: Here, He is in his Meditative form for those who aspire for results of Yoga. – Incense, lamplight, flowers and ṣrigandha or perfume.- tuḻasi or Holy Basil — Since he has the element of both viśnu and rudra- kamalam – Lotus, bilva daḻam – leaves of stone apple, japākusumam- red hibiscus can be offered to the Lord. What kinds of food can be offered to Lord Narasimha? Athirasa – fried cake made with jaggery and rice flour. Pāyasa – milk puddings made out of any of moong dal, channa dal, and – – – Pānaka – typically made with jaggery water and pepper, or fruit juice like lemonade. Any sātvik food can be offered with great devotion by chanting the Narasimha Mantra. sātvik food is that food creates an internal calmness and balance, when one consumes it. The lord graciously accepts devotees’ service and reverence. All worship should be followed by distribution of Prasāda or food offered to God. How do we worship Lord Narasimha? Lord Narasimha can be worshipped in two ways. The first is detailed below: Along with firm faith, worship of Narasimha is associated with rigid criteria. This is explained in detail below 1. ācharana ṣuddhi – Requires strict adherence to performance. 2. Cleanliness of ḍravya- physical things like utensils, lamps, ingredients. 3. Inner sanctity of five senses – body, intellect, mind, place, and act of worship 4. Chastity of Mind, speech and deeds unification, compassion, calmness of virtuous soul within. These are to prevent any glitches that might distract the mind while doing the worship. 5. Taking bath and starting with daily routine worship followed by pūja sankalpa-declaration to do worship, and completion without break with little or no food intake till then. 6. Bodily calmness in turn calms the mind. This helps to open up the channel that leads to internal visualization and realization of Narasimha. These are things that keep body, mind and intellect in balance to further the pursuit of (worship til)attaining perfection. 7. Those who seek Salvation, do fasting till worship is over in the evening.Those who seek all types of desire fulfillment do fasting till the next day morning worship and follow with chanting of Narasimha mantra. 8. To do further, people could do hōma – oblation and read “Nrsimhatāpini ” upaniśad. 9. An idol of Narasimha can be donated to someone who has great respect and potential to worship the idol. The second means of worship is detailed for those who find it difficult to adhere to the above strict rules, can do the following steps 1. ḍhyāna or meditation – along with imagining the worship of Narasimha with the above said flowers etc. 2. Acts of mind and soul offered to God is also oblation. This is equivalent to hōmam. 3.Various purifying actions performed during puja a. snānha – ablution, pāna – intake of water and food offered to God b. pādya – chant with clean and clear heart and intellect c. arghya – water offered with respect from the river of faith d. āchamana – water used for sipping same river e. abhiśeka – for the lord f. Mind filled with the flow of thoughts of God from the river of faith, ṣraddha – as the water for cleansing. 4. ātma – Offer sacred soul which is inside the body. 5. bow and perform salutation with state of equanimity 6. ṣaranāgati– self surrender to the Lord With pure mind and internal contemplation there is no need for external rituals to be performed. Pāramārthika or worship of realizing supreme alone with internal purity surpasses all other forms of worship. That is, true worship with internal purity is more powerful than the external rituals. As part of worship, singing, listening to discourse is recommended at the end of the worship. Insight about this incarnation of ṣri mahāviśnu: The brilliant form of Narasimha is described as comprising of three entities. 1. Brahma from feet to naval, 2. Vishnu–naval to neck 3. Rudra–neck unto head., From there onwards– it is the supreme Godhead, Parabrahma. Narasimha is personification of truth–perceived and experienced by those who are in the state of union with divine, and that, which is beyond senses – Yoga Samādhi. The brilliant form of Narasimha is also considered and viewed as an internal phenomenon.

Comment by Loreanadruid Arguably Inferior Socket for Paladin PvE Gems for the most part, but Superior for PvP.A side-grade to t6, but an upgrade for almost anything pre-Sunwell. Comment by mikititan Anyone knows if this schematic will be buyable from the trainer or will it drop (raid/heroic)? -thanks Comment by gennym This item, and all the other engineering helm upgrades, are sunwell trash drops. So since people need to start farming the instance to begin with and there will be people in the raids who need it you probably won't see this on the AH for quite some time depending on the server. Comment by mbg98 I wouldn't call this a side grade at all, considering that Sunwell requires paladins to spam Holy Light a lot more than Flash of Light, making their mana regen come mostly from Illumination/holy crit (great for pallies with the 2 piece t6 crit bonus to HL) and being in a group with a Shadow Priest. The upgrades here are where it matters most - a 20 crit increase over t6 (more than 1 % - thats fantastic in a single piece!) and plus 9 healing. Armor? lol - what are you going to do, tank in holy gear in Sunwell? You'll need the stam for the boss fights consdering the dots that Kalecgos does, for starters. Int doesnt matter so much since your mana regen and your +heal are really the major factors in post BT/MH content. Comment by natto My server has pug groups for sunwell trush run. BoP/BoE recipes usually drops from 1 to 5 and lots of epic-stones. You do not have to wear BT/Hyjal geared, Kara/SSC/TK gears are fine for trush run. It usually goes 4k-5k on my server. It is a good resource of money, and you can call ppl when your guild does not have scheduled raid. However, you will need 5-6 mages for trush run. Comment by Altoid Dropped for me tonight on Garithos-US on the last pull before the first stairs in the instance. My guild's been running Sunwell since 2.4 release and the patterns are extremely rare. We've only had 4 patterns drop, ever, and two of them were the Sunfire Robe (both dropped the day before this Schematic). I was seriously beginning to believe I'd never get my hands on this because of its extreme rarity. I'm reasonably certain it's the only Sunwell Schematic to have dropped on my server as of yet. I've been passing on T6 helms for months in hopes of getting this and was going to give in and pick one up this week, then this baby swooped in! Comment by alexiel Can only be learned by Paladins. Comment by DELMistrzu Can I learn this Schematic as a Rogue ? Comment by Entilzha2161 You can only learn this on a pally and it's supposed to only drop for pallies, but it dropped for my DK today (maybe since there were no DKs when Sunwell was released?) My engineer is a druid and cannot use it but I hope some Paladin buys it as the sell price looks pretty high.

#ifndef CREATE_EMPTY_DIRECTED_GRAPH_WITH_GRAPH_NAME_H #define CREATE_EMPTY_DIRECTED_GRAPH_WITH_GRAPH_NAME_H #include <boost/graph/adjacency_list.hpp> boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::directedS, boost::no_property, boost::no_property, boost::property<boost::graph_name_t, std::string>> create_empty_directed_graph_with_graph_name() noexcept; #endif // CREATE_EMPTY_DIRECTED_GRAPH_WITH_GRAPH_NAME_H

(a) Field Embodiments of the present system and method relate to a stereoscopic image display device, and more particularly, to a stereoscopic image display device with an enhanced display quality. (b) Description of the Related Art In general, a display device that can display a three-dimensional (3D) image expresses a 3D effect of objects by using binocular parallax. That is, different 2D images are displayed to the left eye and the right eye of a user viewing the display. When the image displayed to the left eye (hereafter referred to as “left-eye image”) and the image displayed to the right eye (hereafter referred to as “right-eye image”) are processed by the user's brain, the brain recognizes the combination of the left-eye image and the right-eye image as a three-dimensional image having depth perception. A display device capable of displaying 3D images using binocular parallax is generally referred to as a stereoscopic 3D image display device. Some stereoscopic 3D image display devices may require the user to wear special headgear or eye glasses (e.g., shutter glasses and polarized glasses). Other stereoscopic 3D image display devices, referred to as autostereoscopic 3D image display devices, however, do not require the user to wear special head gear or eye glasses. An autostereoscopic 3D image display device generally includes an optical system (e.g., a lenticular lens and a parallax barrier having a plurality of openings) in the display device itself that divides a 3D image into several viewpoints so as to realize a 3D image.

Sony Bravia KDL-40HX803 review Summary Our Score 8/10 User Score Review Price £898.95 Sony’s first 3D TV is finally here, in the 40in shape of the KDL-40HX803. And to be honest, we’re not expecting very much. For whenever we’ve seen Sony 3D TVs in action at big shows, they just haven’t looked as good as those of some rivals. So let’s hope the Japanese brand has managed to cram in plenty of last minute improvements! Rather surprisingly, the 40HX803 doesn’t wear Sony’s new and rather stylish Monolith design. Instead you get a straightforward but sleek black bezel for the top, right and left sides, with a slightly proud metallic strip along the bottom edge. The set still looks nice, though, for all its non-Monolithic approach. It doesn’t do the 40HX803‘s aesthetic impact any harm, either, that it employs edge LED lighting to deliver a reasonably slender profile. Though it’s nothing like as slim as Samsung’s edge LED icons. What’s more, its edge LED system is a dynamic one, meaning that sections of the edge lighting can be independently controlled for a hopefully more impressive contrast performance than you usually get with a standard edge LED-lit LCD TV. Slightly surprisingly for such a slim screen, Sony has left most of its connections facing straight out of the TV’s rear, rather than using the side access approach that would suit wall hanging. But at least the number and variety of these connections is pretty prodigious. For instance, it has four HDMIs, all built to the v1.4 specification, so that they’re compatible with 3D sources. Also of note are a USB input, an Ethernet port, and a 3D Sync terminal, which we’ll look at in turn. The USB can play music, video and photo files directly into the TV, but also allows you to add Wi-Fi to the 40HX803 via an optional USB dongle. It’s a touch disappointing that the 40HX803 doesn’t carry built-in Wi-Fi for its money, but it’s hardly alone in preferring the optional upgrade route. The Ethernet socket, meanwhile, has three uses. First, it supports the set’s built-in Freeview HD tuner, to deliver potential future interactive services like the BBC iPlayer. Second, it provides a wired means of importing files stored on a DLNA PC. Finally, it allows you to take the TV online to experience Sony’s Bravia Internet Video platform, which we’ll return to in a minute. But first we’ve got to discuss the 3D Sync terminal. This is there because the 40HX803 doesn’t have a built-in 3D transmitter, unlike the Samsung and Panasonic 3D TVs we’ve tested. In fact, the 40HX803 doesn’t have 3D facilities at all in its standard form. You have to add an optional extra transmitter and optional pairs of active shutter glasses, with the transmitter costing £50 and the glasses setting you back £99 per pair. This effectively makes the 40HX803 £1,887 if you want 3D with two pairs of glasses. We do understand Sony’s idea with this, to be fair. For it helps keep the 40HX803’s up-front price down, allowing people to add 3D later as their finances allow. But there’s no getting round the fact that once you’ve 3Ded it up, the 40HX803 hits a similar price level to Samsung’s 40C8000 integrated 3D TV. In other words, 3D continues to be very much a premium technology.

Rentz RVs Inc. (RRV) 1. A stock is expected to pay a year-end dividend of $2.00, i.e., D1 = $2.00. The dividend is expected to decline at a rate of 5% a year forever (g = -5%). If the company’s expected and required rate of return is 15%, which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The company’s current stock price is $20. b. The company’s dividend yield 5 years from now is expected to be 10%. c. The constant growth model cannot be used because the growth rate is negative. d. The company’s expected capital gains yield is 5%. e. The company’s stock price next year is expected to be $9.50. 2. A share of common stock has just paid a dividend of $2.00. If the expected long-run growth rate for this stock is 2.0%, and if investors' required rate of return is 10.5%, what is the stock’s intrinsic value? 3. E. M. Roussakis Inc.'s stock currently sells for $50 per share. The stock’s dividend is projected to increase at a constant rate of 4% per year. The required rate of return on the stock, rs, is 15.50%. What is Roussakis' expected price 5 years from now? 4. Carter's preferred stock pays a dividend of $2.00 per quarter. If the price of the stock is $60.00, what is its nominal (not effective) annual expected rate of return? 5. Schnusenberg Corporation just paid a dividend of $1.25 per share, and that dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7.00% per year in the future. The company's beta is 1.35, the required return on the market is 10.50%, and the risk-free rate is 4.00%. What is the intrinsic value for Schnusenberg’s stock? 6. Rentz RVs Inc. (RRV) is presently enjoying relatively high growth because of a surge in the demand for recreational vehicles. Management expects earnings and dividends to grow at a rate of 30% for the next 4 years, after which high gas prices will probably reduce the growth rate in earnings and dividends to zero, i.e., g = 0. The company’s last dividend, D0, was $1.25. RRV’s beta is 1.20, the market risk premium is 5.25%, and the risk-free rate is 3.00%. What is the intrinsic value of RRV’s common stock? 7. Using the information on Rentz RVs Inc. from problem 6, what is the dividend yield expected for the next year? 8. The Wei Company's last paid dividend was $2.75. The dividend growth rate is expected to be constant at 2.50% for 2 years, after which dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 8.00% forever. Wei’s required return (rs) is 12.00%. What is the intrinsic value of Wei's stock? 9. Using the information on Wei Company from problem 8, what should be the price of Wei’s stock at the end of Year 5 10. You are an analyst studying Beranek Technologies, which was founded 10 years ago. It has been profitable for the last 5 years, but it has needed all of its earnings to support growth and thus has never paid a dividend. Management has indicated that it plans to pay a $0.50 dividend 3 years from today, then to increase it at a relatively rapid rate for 2 years with 50% dividend growth in year 4 and 25% dividend growth in year 5, and then to increase its dividend at a constant growth rate of 6.00% per year thereafter. Assuming a required return of 15.00%, what is your estimate of the intrinsic value of Beranek's stock?

Instead of attaching a complete file, could you please create a diff of your changes against the original file? If possible we'd also prefer it submitted as a commit change to our gerrit instance, see https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Development/gerrit but that's not strictly necessary if you're not familiar with git and develop tools and such. In any case we'll need your license agreement, apparently we don't have it on file, could you please send us a blanket statement that you contribute all your past and future patches under the MPLv2 and LGPLv3+ licenses? Best on the dev mailing list libreoffice@lists.freedesktop.org so we can link to it from https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Development/Developers Something like this does nicely: All of my past & future contributions to LibreOffice may be licensed under the MPLv2/LGPLv3+ dual license. Best use Subject: <your full name> license statement Sorry for the inconvenience and thank you for cooperating :-) (In reply to kinfe from comment #0) > this is modified VCL.xcu file including my language,Tigrigna, default fonts Hi kinfe/Eike, Any update regarding these files? In the past year have we merged any default fonts for Tigrigna language (these files or others) ? As this bug has been dormant for over a year, I'll toss it into NEEDINFO and await further info. If the underlying issue has been resolved, let's close this bug. Dear Bug Submitter, This bug has been in NEEDINFO status with no change for at least 6 months. Please provide the requested information as soon as possible and mark the bug as UNCONFIRMED. Due to regular bug tracker maintenance, if the bug is still in NEEDINFO status with no change in 30 days the QA team will close the bug as INSUFFICIENTDATA due to lack of needed information. For more information about our NEEDINFO policy please read the wiki located here: https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/QA/Bugzilla/Fields/Status/NEEDINFO If you have already provided the requested information, please mark the bug as UNCONFIRMED so that the QA team knows that the bug is ready to be confirmed. Thank you for helping us make LibreOffice even better for everyone! Warm Regards, QA Team MassPing-NeedInfo-Ping-20170131 Dear Bug Submitter, Please read this message in its entirety before proceeding. Your bug report is being closed as INSUFFICIENTDATA due to inactivity and a lack of information which is needed in order to accurately reproduce and confirm the problem. We encourage you to retest your bug against the latest release. If the issue is still present in the latest stable release, we need the following information (please ignore any that you've already provided): a) Provide details of your system including your operating system and the latest version of LibreOffice that you have confirmed the bug to be present b) Provide easy to reproduce steps – the simpler the better c) Provide any test case(s) which will help us confirm the problem d) Provide screenshots of the problem if you think it might help e) Read all comments and provide any requested information Once all of this is done, please set the bug back to UNCONFIRMED and we will attempt to reproduce the issue. Please do not: a) respond via email b) update the version field in the bug or any of the other details on the top section of our bug tracker Warm Regards, QA Team MassPing-NeedInfo-20170328

#1 Free Stationery Download Site Kathy and I would like to formally welcome you to our new free holiday and special occasion stationery website. We are working hard to add as many new stationery papers as we can as quickly as we can. We are adding new paper designs at least weekly when possible. We add them in Microsoft Word, PDF and a JPG format so that you can use them with just about any word processor, office suite or journaling program. Just as a note, our digital stationery papers can also be used as free scrapbook background papers too. Registration is FREE to leave comments (Required to keep out SPAM) and it doesn't put you on any lists of any kind. So, one more time... tell us what you think! What's on The #1 FREE-Stationery Download Site: Here, you'll have access to the best FREE digital computer stationery or scrapbook background paper site around with literally hundreds of free digital downloadable holiday, letter, special occasion, business, newsletter and every other kind of stationeries and templates you can think of. No registration or other info needed... We also NOW have the tutorial for how to create your own stationeries with MS Word. Along with the OpenOffice Suite digital stationery training, that we already had for you, you can now learn to create your own digital stationeries with MS Office (Microsoft Word (TM)) software. Tired of paying high prices for the same stationery that everyone else has? Now you don't have to. Just download any of our high quality stationeries and print as many as you need anytime you like. Try our new revolutionary way to get quality stationery. No storing blank sheets of stationery in a desk drawer or box taking up valuable space. Instead, save it directly onto your computer. You can also use our stationery papers as free scrapbook background papers? You get to download many quality stationeries whenever you want, all for FREE! New stationery added regularly, so book mark and check back often... Printable PDF Stationery Our FREE PDF Stationery formats are perfect for those that want to add that personal touch to letters, notes, flyers or even sales letters. Just pick the file and download it. After you have downloaded the file all you have to do is print it out and start handwriting on the page(s). You can even put it back in the printer and use any text editor or word processor to print your correspondence right on your newly created stationery... just set the margins to stay inside the borders. Save money Save that valuable storage space in the house Never run out of stationery pages Perfect way to personalize and make memorable Print and handwrite your letter Printable on any printer like any pre-printed stationery you get in the stores. Visit our Services Page to see a few examples of our PDF and Word templates. Just select examples to see what we did with a few of them and then try them out for yourself. You can also print our free pdf stationery papers and use them as free background scrapbook papers. Printable Microsoft Word Stationery Our Microsoft Word (MS Word) templates are perfect for those of you that like to type your letters and other correspondence directly on your computer. Simply open the template right inside Microsoft Word (tm) or most other office compatible programs that can read Microsoft Office (tm) files. Then just start typing. The text will automatically stay within the stationery borders and even go around any special graphics on the page. Now all you have to do is to print it out. Save 30% or more over the cost of pre-printed stationery Save that valuable Storage space in the house and office Never run out of stationery pages when you need them most Always legible and ready for the copier See what flyers and letter looks like before you hit print Typo or error, just fix it then reprint - no hassles Visit our Services Page to see a few examples of our PDF and Word templates in action. See some of the things we found to do with them. Just select the example you want to see and then try it out for yourself. OpenOffice Suite Templates FREE-Stationery.com is your first stop to turn those plain boring letters into a fun, personal and memorable way to communicate with friends, family and business relations. Create your own FREE Custom Stationery for use with OpenOffice (OOo) 2.0 and better. FREE Tutorial on how to make that happen is just moments away here on the site.

Education Week reporter Ben Herold explores how technology is shaping teaching and learning and the management of schools. Join the discussion as he analyzes the latest developments. Gates Foundation, Chan Zuckerberg Team Up to Seek 'State of the Art' Ideas for Schools By Benjamin Herold on May 8, 2018 1:31 PM The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative are teaming up on a new research-and-development initiative aimed at identifying "state-of-the-art" educational strategies and bringing them to the classroom. The focus is on spurring development of new measures, new ways of teaching, and new technologies for tracking and supporting students' writing ability, math skills, and "executive functions," such as self-control and attention. In a new Request for Information released today, the groups wrote that researchers from fields as diverse as education, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and technology are generating exciting new ideas about how people actually learn—but that information "has not yet been translated effectively into methods and tools for teachers and students to use in the classroom every day." Such "research insights must inform ongoing development of tools and instructional approaches that will enable students to overcome math, literacy, and other learning challenges and at scale, in order to reach millions, if not billions, of students," the document reads. The focus of the new efforts is on identifying promising new developments and ideas in three main areas: Improving students' writing (especially non-fiction)."The skills connected to writing—evaluation of arguments and evidence, critical and creative thinking about solutions and sources, identifying support for a key idea or process, clear and evocative argument-making—are frequently cited as 21st century skills in high demand by employers," the Request for Information states. "Yet, the majority of high school graduates are not prepared for the demands of postsecondary and workplace writing." Among the areas where the groups hope to see improvements: comprehensive writing solutions, new metrics for measuring student progress and proficiency in writing, and new tools to promote more collaboration and better feedback. Improving students' mathematical understanding, application, and related mindsets.Here, the language of the personalized-learning movement (which both organizations support) is clear: There already exist promising approaches that "help teachers to address individual students' needs by mirroring the same personalized approaches used by the best 1:1 tutors," the document states. "Highly personalized learning experiences and tools have the potential to analyze student responses to understand barriers to student learning, provide immediate feedback, and apply immediate and effective remediation to students when needed." Among other things, the organizations are specifically looking for tools that can further personalize math instruction via a focus on the "whole student"—including children's mindsets, beliefs, attention, and "affective" or emotional states. Measuring and improving students' executive function."Student success in academics and in future careers is associated with their ability to wrestle with multiple ideas at once, think flexibly, and regulate their action and thoughts," the Request for Information states. "There is much to be done to track and improve students' progress on [executive function] development and connect it to real-world benefits, especially for those who are most at-risk." Areas of focus here include advances in techniques for tracking children's development of these skills and abilities, interventions (including "technology-enhanced programs in or outside of school") designed to improve desired behaviors, and supports for teachers. The Gates Foundation is a traditional charitable foundation, chaired by Microsoft founder Bill Gates. Over the last decade-plus, the group has dedicated hundreds of millions of dollars a year to such education-related causes as promoting small high schools, changing the way teachers are evaluated, and supporting development of the Common Core State Standards. Last October, the Gates Foundation announced a strategic shift in focus, including a new emphasis on "locally-driven solutions" and "innovative research." The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, meanwhile, is a newer entity, founded and led by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife, pediatrician Priscilla Chan. Structured as a limited-liability corporation, CZI is free to make charitable donations, invest in for-profit companies, and engage in political lobbying and advocacy, with minimal disclosure requirements. The venture-philanthropy group has announced that it will give hundreds of millions of dollars annually to support a vision of "whole-child personalized learning" that aims to customize each child's educational experience based on their academic, social, emotional, and physical strengths, needs, and preferences. Last June, the two groups announced their first substantive collaboration: a $12 million joint award to an intermediary organization known as New Profit, which in turns supports organizations working to promote personalized learning. In their new Request for Information, the Gates Foundation and CZI said that technology is not the focus of what they hope to spur, but it is expected to play a role. The groups also emphasized that their new plan is currently in draft stage. Individuals, nonprofit groups, universities, private companies, and government-sponsored labs are invited to respond, with the expectation that those groups' input will in turn shape the foundations' funding plans moving forward. No decision has yet been made as to how much money the groups will ultimately invest in the new R&D effort. Why this new partnership, and why now? "The reason our two philanthropies have decided to join hands in this effort is simple: We believe the scope and importance of this work exceeds what any single organization can or should undertake alone," wrote CZI president of education Jim Shelton and Gates Foundation director of K-12 education Bob Hughes in an op-ed published today by Fast Company. "The purpose of the initiative is not to mandate anything. It's to learn from the work that's currently happening in classrooms, universities, entrepreneurial efforts, and research centers throughout the country." Photos: Bill Gates, Microsoft co-founder and director at Berkshire Hathaway, is interviewed by Liz Claman of the Fox Business Network in Omaha, Neb., May 8. Photo by Nati Harnik/AP Facebook CEO and Harvard dropout Mark Zuckerberg delivers the commencement address at Harvard University commencement exercises on May 25, in Cambridge, Mass. Photo by Steven Senne/AP Categories: Tags: Notice: We recently upgraded our comments. (Learn more here.) If you are logged in as a subscriber or registered user and already have a Display Name on edweek.org, you can post comments. If you do not already have a Display Name, please create one here. Ground Rules for Posting We encourage lively debate, but please be respectful of others. Profanity and personal attacks are prohibited. By commenting, you are agreeing to abide by our user agreement. All comments are public.

Oh lawd oh lawd! I'm tired and weary of pain Please lawd! please lawd! forgive me if I complain Up in the mornin' out on the job work like the devil for my pay But that lucky old sun has nothin' to do but roll around heaven all day Fuss with my woman toil for my kids Sweat 'til I'm wrinkled and gray While that lucky old sun has nothin' to do But roll around heaven all day Good lawd above, can't you know I'm pinin', tears all in my eyes; Send down that cloud with a silver linin', lift me to paradise Show me that river take me across and wash all my trou-bles away. Like that lucky old sun, give me nothin' to do But roll around heaven all day

Senior Precision Rotary Microtome (latest Spencer 320 Type) which we trade, supply, export and manufacture is used for precise sectioning of tissues up to the thickness of 1 micron. Its interior mechanism rests on a heavy cast iron base that is covered with a full swing protective cover for easy cleaning and lubrication.Senior Precision Rotary Microtome (latest Spencer 320 Type) is known for independent feed mechanism with automatic safety device, universal knife holder with lateral movements permitting use of the entire knife edge and universal vice type object holder for accurate centering of the specimer. It is fabricated using fine grain steel tested for micro-structure, heat treated for optimum rigidity and sharpness and has a long service life.

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/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.web.reader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Type; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.ws.rs.Consumes; import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException; import javax.ws.rs.core.Context; import javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap; import javax.ws.rs.core.Response; import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status; import javax.ws.rs.ext.MessageBodyReader; import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider; import org.apache.clerezza.commons.rdf.Graph; import org.apache.clerezza.commons.rdf.BlankNodeOrIRI; import org.apache.clerezza.commons.rdf.Triple; import org.apache.clerezza.commons.rdf.IRI; import org.apache.clerezza.rdf.core.serializedform.Parser; import org.apache.clerezza.rdf.core.serializedform.SupportedFormat; import org.apache.clerezza.rdf.core.serializedform.UnsupportedParsingFormatException; import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Component; import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Property; import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Reference; import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Service; import org.apache.stanbol.commons.indexedgraph.IndexedGraph; import org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.jersey.utils.JerseyUtils; import org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.jersey.utils.MessageBodyReaderUtils; import org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.jersey.utils.MessageBodyReaderUtils.RequestData; import org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.model.clerezza.RdfValueFactory; import org.apache.stanbol.entityhub.servicesapi.model.Representation; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /** * Provides support for reading Representation form Requests. This implementation * supports all RDF supports as well as {@link MediaType#APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED} * - in case the data are sent from an HTML form - and * {@link MediaType#MULTIPART_FORM_DATA} - mime encoded data. * In case of an HTML form the encoding need to be specified by the parameter * "encoding" for the entity data the parameters "entity" or "content" can be * used. * @author Rupert Westenthaler * */ @Component @Service(Object.class) @Property(name="javax.ws.rs", boolValue=true) @Provider @Consumes({ //First the data types directly supported for parsing representations MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, SupportedFormat.N3, SupportedFormat.N_TRIPLE, SupportedFormat.RDF_XML, SupportedFormat.TURTLE, SupportedFormat.X_TURTLE, SupportedFormat.RDF_JSON, //finally this also supports sending the data as form and mime multipart MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED, MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA}) public class RepresentationReader implements MessageBodyReader<Map<String,Representation>> { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RepresentationReader.class); public static final Set<String> supportedMediaTypes; private static final MediaType DEFAULT_ACCEPTED_MEDIA_TYPE = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN_TYPE; static { Set<String> types = new HashSet<String>(); //ensure everything is lower case types.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.N3.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.N_TRIPLE.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.RDF_JSON.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.RDF_XML.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.TURTLE.toLowerCase()); types.add(SupportedFormat.X_TURTLE.toLowerCase()); supportedMediaTypes = Collections.unmodifiableSet(types); } @Reference private Parser parser; @Override public boolean isReadable(Class<?> type, Type genericType, Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType) { String mediaTypeWithoutParameter = mediaType.getType().toLowerCase()+'/'+ mediaType.getSubtype().toLowerCase(); log.debug("isreadable: [genericType: {}| mediaType {}]", genericType,mediaTypeWithoutParameter); //second the media type boolean mediaTypeOK = (//the MimeTypes of Representations supportedMediaTypes.contains(mediaTypeWithoutParameter) || //as well as URL encoded MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED.equals(mediaTypeWithoutParameter) || //and mime multipart MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.equals(mediaTypeWithoutParameter)); boolean typeOk = JerseyUtils.testParameterizedType(Map.class, new Class[]{String.class,Representation.class}, genericType); log.debug("type is {} for {} against Map<String,Representation>", typeOk ? "compatible" : "incompatible" ,genericType); return typeOk && mediaTypeOK; } @Override public Map<String,Representation> readFrom(Class<Map<String,Representation>> type, Type genericType, Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType, MultivaluedMap<String,String> httpHeaders, InputStream entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException { log.info("Read Representations from Request Data"); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); //(1) get the charset and the acceptedMediaType String charset = "UTF-8"; if(mediaType.getParameters().containsKey("charset")){ charset = mediaType.getParameters().get("charset"); } MediaType acceptedMediaType = getAcceptedMediaType(httpHeaders); log.info("readFrom: mediaType {} | accepted {} | charset {}", new Object[]{mediaType,acceptedMediaType,charset}); // (2) read the Content from the request (this needs to deal with // MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_TYPE and // MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_TYPE requests! RequestData content; if(mediaType.isCompatible(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_TYPE)) { try { content = MessageBodyReaderUtils.formForm(entityStream, charset, "encoding",Arrays.asList("entity","content")); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { log.info("Bad Request: {}",e); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.toString()). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } if(content.getMediaType() == null){ String message = String.format( "Missing parameter %s used to specify the media type" + "(supported values: %s", "encoding",supportedMediaTypes); log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } if(!isSupported(content.getMediaType())){ String message = String.format( "Unsupported Content-Type specified by parameter " + "encoding=%s (supported: %s)", content.getMediaType().toString(),supportedMediaTypes); log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST). entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } } else if(mediaType.isCompatible(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_TYPE)){ log.info("read from MimeMultipart"); List<RequestData> contents; try { contents = MessageBodyReaderUtils.fromMultipart(entityStream, mediaType); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { log.info("Bad Request: {}",e.toString()); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(e.toString()). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } if(contents.isEmpty()){ String message = "Request does not contain any Mime BodyParts."; log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } else if(contents.size()>1){ //print warnings about ignored parts log.warn("{} Request contains more than one Parts: others than " + "the first will be ignored", MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_TYPE); for(int i=1;i<contents.size();i++){ RequestData ignored = contents.get(i); log.warn(" ignore Content {}: Name {}| MediaType {}", new Object[] {i+1,ignored.getName(),ignored.getMediaType()}); } } content = contents.get(0); if(content.getMediaType() == null){ String message = String.format( "MediaType not specified for mime body part for file %s. " + "The media type must be one of the supported values: %s", content.getName(), supportedMediaTypes); log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } if(!isSupported(content.getMediaType())){ String message = String.format( "Unsupported Content-Type %s specified for mime body part " + "for file %s (supported: %s)", content.getMediaType(),content.getName(),supportedMediaTypes); log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST). entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } } else { content = new RequestData(mediaType, null, entityStream); } long readingCompleted = System.currentTimeMillis(); log.info(" ... reading request data {}ms",readingCompleted-start); Map<String,Representation> parsed = parseFromContent(content,acceptedMediaType); long parsingCompleted = System.currentTimeMillis(); log.info(" ... parsing data {}ms",parsingCompleted-readingCompleted); return parsed; } public Map<String,Representation> parseFromContent(RequestData content, MediaType acceptedMediaType){ // (3) Parse the Representtion(s) form the entity stream if(content.getMediaType().isCompatible(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)){ //parse from json throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Parsing of JSON not yet implemented :("); } else if(isSupported(content.getMediaType())){ //from RDF serialisation RdfValueFactory valueFactory = RdfValueFactory.getInstance(); Map<String,Representation> representations = new HashMap<String,Representation>(); Set<BlankNodeOrIRI> processed = new HashSet<BlankNodeOrIRI>(); Graph graph = new IndexedGraph(); try { parser.parse(graph,content.getEntityStream(), content.getMediaType().toString()); } catch (UnsupportedParsingFormatException e) { //String acceptedMediaType = httpHeaders.getFirst("Accept"); //throw an internal server Error, because we check in //isReadable(..) for supported types and still we get here a //unsupported format -> therefore it looks like an configuration //error the server (e.g. a missing Bundle with the required bundle) String message = "Unable to create the Parser for the supported format" +content.getMediaType()+" ("+e+")"; log.error(message,e); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR). entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } catch (RuntimeException e){ //NOTE: Clerezza seams not to provide specific exceptions on // parsing errors. Hence the catch for all RuntimeException String message = "Unable to parse the provided RDF data (format: " +content.getMediaType()+", message: "+e.getMessage()+")"; log.error(message,e); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST). entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } for(Iterator<Triple> st = graph.iterator();st.hasNext();){ BlankNodeOrIRI resource = st.next().getSubject(); if(resource instanceof IRI && processed.add(resource)){ //build a new representation representations.put(((IRI)resource).getUnicodeString(), valueFactory.createRdfRepresentation((IRI)resource, graph)); } } return representations; } else { //unsupported media type String message = String.format( "Parsed Content-Type '%s' is not one of the supported %s", content.getMediaType(),supportedMediaTypes); log.info("Bad Request: {}",message); throw new WebApplicationException( Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST). entity(message). header(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, acceptedMediaType).build()); } } /** * Internally used to get the accepted media type used when returning * {@link WebApplicationException}s. * @param httpHeaders * @param acceptedMediaType * @return */ private static MediaType getAcceptedMediaType(MultivaluedMap<String,String> httpHeaders) { MediaType acceptedMediaType; String acceptedMediaTypeString = httpHeaders.getFirst("Accept"); if(acceptedMediaTypeString != null){ try { acceptedMediaType = MediaType.valueOf(acceptedMediaTypeString); if(acceptedMediaType.isWildcardType()){ acceptedMediaType = DEFAULT_ACCEPTED_MEDIA_TYPE; } } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { acceptedMediaType = DEFAULT_ACCEPTED_MEDIA_TYPE; } } else { acceptedMediaType = DEFAULT_ACCEPTED_MEDIA_TYPE; } return acceptedMediaType; } /** * Converts the type and the subtype of the parsed media type to the * string representation as stored in {@link #supportedMediaTypes} and than * checks if the parsed media type is contained in this list. * @param mediaType the MediaType instance to check * @return <code>true</code> if the parsed media type is not * <code>null</code> and supported. */ private boolean isSupported(MediaType mediaType){ return mediaType == null ? false : supportedMediaTypes.contains( mediaType.getType().toLowerCase()+'/'+ mediaType.getSubtype().toLowerCase()); } }

Friday, June 1, 2012 Song Story: 'Glory Hallelujah' Unity is huge. It's not just huge in sports teams and in successful businesses. It's not just huge in committees or even families. Unity is huge to God. It's huge in churches, from the leadership all the way to the last attender and even more it's huge in terms of the Church with a big 'C'... the collective Christ-followers and the churches in which they worship throughout our nation and world. The verses in God's Word that discuss the importance of unity are prolific and the urgency with which the concept is discussed is palpable. All that said, I wanted to write a worship song that, at it's core, could help unify the congregation singing it. I used 'we' language on this one--something I haven't used a ton in the past--because the lyric and theme begged for it, and I searched for words that could articulate the depth of unity that I believe God desires from us. I think the lyric I'm most proud of in this particular song kicks off the second verse: All of our brothers and sisters through time have sung of the blood of the same sacrifice This lyrics speaks to the beautiful truth that singing of His love and sacrifice for us binds believers together in a way that transcends even time. No matter what melody is being sung, no matter what chords are being played by what instruments, believers have been uniting together for centuries singing about the truths of Christ's glorious death and resurrection and all that they imply. To me that's an amazing reality, and one worth giving some serious real estate in our church services! As for the song-writing fodder I promised... this one was fun to play around with as I wrote it. I used a hemiola passage in the verse (played quietly with a wurlitzer) and bridge (a little more apparent from an electric guitar) with three notes being repeated all the way through large 4/4 phrases. I also truncated all of the phrases in the bridge--all of them 3 bars instead of four--just to add to the urgency of the concept sung there. One of the things I think is most fun, though, about this tune is that the chords in the second verse are quite different than in the first even though the melody is identical... capped off with a 2sus chord replacing the typical 5 in the first verse. Yup... theory geek stuff for sure! Hope that gives you some insight into the first song on the project! Come back and visit soon as I'll be discussing my first single next time... track #2, entitled 'Here With You.' AVAILABLE NOW!!! Subscribe To who's Mark Roach? I'm a Christ-following husband, father, songwriter, worship leader and St. Louis Blues fan. It's worth noting that, while I am the Worship Arts Director at MSC, all the stuff found here is me... just me... and shouldn't be taken to represent MSC or any other entity, really... beyond just me. :)

Q: ssh authentication failure with public/private keys I'm setting up a Continuous Deployment pipeline on gitlab. Unfortunately, when trying to ssh from the pipeline to the target server, the authentication fails. I am asking the question here because I am fairly sure the problem is unix related and not gitlab. Here is the setup: Using ssh-keygen I created a key pair. I added the public key in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server. The private key is export in an env var 'SSH_PRIVATE_KEY' on the client server. permissions on the server: ~/.ssh 700, ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 600 sshd configs on the server are all defaults. On commit, gitlab spins up a docker executor (docker image node:11.2). Then, those commands are executed inside the container: 'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )' eval $(ssh-agent -s) ## ## Add the SSH key stored in SSH_PRIVATE_KEY variable to the agent store ## We're using tr to fix line endings which makes ed25519 keys work ## without extra base64 encoding. ## https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/ssh-private-key/issues/1#note_48526556 ## echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY" | tr -d '\r' | ssh-add - > /dev/null mkdir -p ~/.ssh chmod 700 ~/.ssh echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY" > ~/.ssh/known_hosts chmod 644 ~/.ssh/known_hosts ssh -vvv user@server I followed the instructions here: https://docs.gitlab.com/ce/ci/ssh_keys/ Here is the output of my execution: Running with gitlab-runner 11.5.0 (3afdaba6) on Runner2 7eb17b67 Using Docker executor with image node:11.2 ... Pulling docker image node:11.2 ... Using docker image sha256:e9737a5f718d8364a4bde8d82751bf0d2bace3d1b6492f6c16f1526b6e73cfa4 for node:11.2 ... Running on runner-7eb17b67-project-40-concurrent-0 via server... Fetching changes... Removing node_modules/ HEAD is now at aa4a605 removing bugged command line Checking out aa4a6054 as integrate_cd... Skipping Git submodules setup Checking cache for default... No URL provided, cache will be not downloaded from shared cache server. Instead a local version of cache will be extracted. Successfully extracted cache $ which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y ) /usr/bin/ssh-agent $ eval $(ssh-agent -s) Agent pid 14 $ echo "$SSH_PRIV_KEY" | ssh-add - > /dev/null Identity added: (stdin) ((stdin)) $ mkdir -p ~/.ssh $ chmod 700 ~/.ssh $ echo "$SSH_KNOWNHOST_KEY" > ~/.ssh/known_hosts $ chmod 644 ~/.ssh/known_hosts $ ssh -p 5555 -vvv user@server OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u4, OpenSSL 1.0.2l 25 May 2017 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. debug2: resolving "server" port 22 debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to servee[x.x.x.x] port 22 debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u4 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: Authenticating to server:22 as 'user' debug3: put_host_port: [server]:22 debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:6 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 3 keys from [server]:22 debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa debug3: send packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug3: receive packet: type 20 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c debug2: host key algorithms: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: languages ctos: debug2: languages stoc: debug2: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: reserved 0 debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug3: send packet: type 30 debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug3: receive packet: type 31 debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:1MfReEPXf/ResuMnmG/nEgimB5TxF1AcA2j4LBHBbTU debug3: put_host_port: [x.x.x.x]:22 debug3: put_host_port: [server]:22 debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:6 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 3 keys from [server]:22 debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug1: Host '[server]:22' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4 Warning: Permanently added the ECDSA host key for IP address '[x.x.x.x]:22' to the list of known hosts. debug3: send packet: type 21 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: receive packet: type 21 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug2: key: (stdin) (0x55ff2d56d630), agent debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 ((nil)) debug3: send packet: type 5 debug3: receive packet: type 7 debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512> debug3: receive packet: type 6 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug3: send packet: type 50 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: (stdin) debug3: send_pubkey_test debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive debug3: remaining preferred: password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 60 debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 debug1: read_passphrase: can't open /dev/tty: No such device or address debug3: send packet: type 61 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 60 debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 debug1: read_passphrase: can't open /dev/tty: No such device or address debug3: send packet: type 61 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 60 debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 debug1: read_passphrase: can't open /dev/tty: No such device or address debug3: send packet: type 61 debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1 I think the ssh interesting part is this: debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: (stdin) debug3: send_pubkey_test debug3: send packet: type 50 debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: receive packet: type 51 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive debug3: remaining preferred: password It tries to authenticate debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply But failed with SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE right after debug3: receive packet: type 51 Then it tries a couple public keys that do not exists on the runner. What is happening? What can cause SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE? Thank you. A: Found the answer. I got my hand on the logs from the server I was trying to connect too: sshd[40354]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /web Turns out the user had more rights that supposed on his home repository. Fixed it to drwxr-xr-x resolved the issue. So it seems that ssh validates the modes for .ssh/ .ssh/authorized_keys the user HOME repository

San Francisco is a city of rich history and culture, and as anyone planning a visit to the City by the Bay realizes, it can be difficult to narrow down all the places to visit and thing to do while there. Aside from the usual tourist spots like the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz, and Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco also offers historic architecture on nearly every corner, a serene Japanese Tea Gardens, the glorious Golden Gate Park, alongside countless cultural and artistic institutions. Need help fitting it all into one vacation? You might need an app for your smartphone (or tablet) to serve as your guide. Getting Around & Accommodations Left: MobileMuni - Right: TripAdvisor MobileMuni What's a trip to San Francisco that doesn't include a ride on the infamous cable car going down Powell Street? MobileMuni is a complete guide to getting around San Franciscos transit service that lets you know when busses or street cars will be arriving as well as assisting you in getting around the city. Free Available for iOS ($2) / Android / Windows Phone TripAdvisorWhen researching your vacation, Trip Advisor has probably appeared multiple times. This popular service is an all in one guide for flights, restaurants, points of interests and most helpful, hotel reviews. TripAdvisor delivers intuitive options to take the stress out of finding a hotel room in any given city with reviews, prices, detail breakdowns and photos. FreeAvailable for iOS / Android / Windows Phone City Maps & Shopping Guide Left: Tourist Eye - Right: ShopNear.me Tourist EyeThose who plan out their trips beforehand will more than likely get the most out of their time, for those Tourist Eye is an absolute must download. Featuring offline map download ability, you can also pin point places you want to visit beforehand, journal every part of your day and flawlessly execute a preplanned itinerary. For those occasions when the unforeseeable gets in the way Tourist Eye will help find restaurants, tourist sites and more on the fly. FreeAlso available for Android ShopNear.meThis app was designed for trendy shoppers and at the moment features the best places to get your shop on in the city by the bay with promise for more cities in the future. You can search either by item (shoes, blouses, dresses and more) or by shop and use the sale tab to find savings nearby. Fashionistas who live or are visiting San Francisco will find ShopNear.me an essential part of their app library. Free Tourist Attractions Left: San Francisco Guide - Right: San Francisco Travel Guide San Francisco GuideSan Francisco Guide from mTrips gives us an app with an incredible UI. Although the priciest on this list, it manages to fit in a trip planner, offline map, nightlife guide as well but most incredible is the offline augmented reality function. You can see shops, restaurants, hotels and more around you by holding up your smartphone like a camera and seeing points of interest closest to you. $6Also available for iOS San Francisco Travel GuideAn app that neatly wraps up the must see locations of San Francisco is Triposos own travel guide. Although it has an offline map, weather info, nightlife and restaurant locales like some of the others on this list, it's the rich background information behind sites, museums and San Francisco itself that makes it fantastic for sightseeing. A unique ability SFTG possesses is a mini guide for day trips to optimize the full potential of a 24 hour vacation. FreeAlso available for iOS Wine and Dine Left: MenuPages - Right: Top 100 Bay Area Restaurants MenuPagesAre you in the mood for Japanese? Or maybe you'd like to try something vegan? Are you looking for a kid friendly place to eat? MenuPages will help find the perfect eatery for any meals of the day whatever the situation. Armed with menus for 30,000 restaurants in 8 major cities, it's easy to pick and choose your next meal with broad search criteria, user reviews, prices, hours of operation and current location at your fingertips. FreeAlso available for Android Top 100 Bay Area RestaurantsWhen travelling it's understandable to try the best of what a new location has to offer. The San Francisco Chronicler has compiled 100 of the best of eateries in San Francisco. Each restaurant entry includes a brief synopsis, prices, specialities, parking and noise level to tantalize your taste buds. FreeAlso available for iOS City Guides, Nightlife, and Traveling Necessities The Bold Italic: the most difficult task in visiting a city so rich in culture like San Francisco is cutting through the layers of tourist-y spots and experiencing the SF the locals enjoy on a day to day basis. The Bold Italic is all about local discovery...for locals, written by locals (Bold Locals), spotlighting the best and most relevant people and spots in San Francisco on a daily basis. This app is like having a good friend who lives in SF to guide you to all the best spots all the others might overlook or miss.iOS (Free) Left: San Francisco Hot List - Right: WeatherBug San Francisco Hot List Whether you're looking for a night of dancing or are looking to soak in the evenings atmosphere over drinks, San Francisco Hot List has your number. Supporting a robust list of 150 of the best bars, nightclubs, restaurants and handouts, you're guaranteed nothing but the creme de la creme of San Franciscan nightlife. Additional features include search criteria based on tidbits such as the best Bloody Mary in town or best Rooftop bar and up to date guides on weekly special events. $3 Also available for iOS WeatherbugWhat's worse than getting caught in the rain? Getting caught in the rain while on vacation. While we can't control the weather we can at least anticipate it's ups and downs before leaving the sanctuary of our hotel rooms. Weatherbug is a fantastic lightweight weather app that neatly wraps up daily weather forecasts so you'll know weather or not to dress warm or to take that umbrella along just in case. FreeAvailable for iOS / Android / Windows Phone

Sultan Abdulhamid II by kirbydog13 | March 27th, 2012 I was searching for a photo Sultan Abdulhamid II and recognized he was wearing a Fez on his head. Compared to the headpiece of the Qizilbash, it is similar. Perhaps it has a historical purpose or perhaps it is just a coincidence.

Tag Archive for interact Question by Jon: What is the best way to interact with or select job recruiters? I work primarily as a front end web developer and get calls from multiple recruitment firms. I do a fair bit of project work, so this is a recurring thing for me. Currently, if they have a position that I’m a fit for I reflexively ask them to present me for that position. Is that an optimal strategy? If one company submits me, another cannot, so I want to be submitted by the best company. Should I therefore be taking steps to identify which recruiting firms are the most effective, give preference to local firms, find which firms ask the target employer for a smaller fee, select (somehow) for firms that have a better relationship with the target client, check out a firm’s reputation online before submittal, etc. Or is all of that wasted work? I’m looking for things that are efficient yet effective. Thanks for any tips! Yes, I know I can work with several agencies for different jobs. However I CAN’T work with several agencies for the SAME JOB. Not in California, in any case. Double submissions get thrown out, or else the second agency to submit is rejected. Best answer: Answer by BillAs a freelancer you can usually work “through” several agencies. This creates competition between them to find you more work. Good Luck

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The effect of a traditional dance training program on the physical fitness of adults with hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional dance training program on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults with hearing loss. Twenty-three adults with hearing loss were separated into 2 groups. Thirteen subjects (6 men, 7 women, mean age, 25.7 +/- 3.9 years) constituted the intervention group, whereas 10 subjects (5 men, 5 women, mean age, 26.4 +/- 5.9 years) formed the control group. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performed to determine heart rate (HR peak), peak minute ventilation (VE peak), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, absolute and relative), and time to exhaustion (min). Peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300 degrees /s was also measured. The intervention group followed a 12-week traditional dance training program, whereas the control group received no training during this period. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean differences between the values of both groups. A paired t-test was used to compare the values within each group prior and after program participation. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all tests. Following the 12-week training program, significant improvements in peak physiological parameters were seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation, peak oxygen consumption (both absolute and relative), time to exhaustion, and peak torque values between the 2 measurements (initial and final). No significant improvements in peak physiological parameters and peak torque were noticed in the control group. In conclusion, adults with hearing loss can improve their physical fitness levels with the application of a systematic and well-designed traditional dance training program.

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In the Community Nearby Schools 3208 Perdot Avenue, Rosamond, CA 93560 (MLS# SR16727560) is a Single Family property with 4 bedrooms, 2 full bathrooms and 1 partial bathroom. 3208 Perdot Avenue is currently listed for $294,990 and was received on October 17, 2016. Want to learn more about 3208 Perdot Avenue? Do you have questions about finding other Single Family real estate for sale in Rosamond? You can browse all Rosamond real estate or contact a Coldwell Banker agent to request more information.

Exclusive Collection Of Rear View Cameras From TVC-Mall.com A car rear view camera is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up, and to alleviate the rear blind spot. TVC-Mall.com’s rear view cameras are well-known for the powerful functions and premium quality materials. Recently, TVC-Mall.com has released its new models, and launched a rear view cameras promotion. Anyone who want to buy wholesale rear view cameras can visit TVC-Mall.com for more details. TVC-Mall.com is a leader in cell phone accessories and other electronic accessories. Its rear view cameras are well-known for the powerful functions and premium quality materials. The new collection consists of many different designs. From IR night vision rear view cameras, to 2.4G wireless car rear view camera systems, TVC-Mall.com has everything to ensure customer satisfaction. “We are excited to launch this promotion, and we encourage wholesalers and retailers to keep coming back to our store to see what new products are available. Those who want to buy wireless car rear view camera systems should visit our online store as soon as possible, because the promotion is for a limited time only,” says a sales manager of the company. “We have the global reach, expertise and infrastructure necessary to guarantee our customers that their data is secure.” In addition, TVC-Mall.com’s online store features attractive low prices on its a hundred thousand of different styles ofelectronics and related accessories. Superior customer service, high-quality, speedy delivery, and affordable prices, are the reasons to choose TVC-Mall.com About The TVC Mall (TVC-Mall.com) Launched in 2008, TVC Mall has a sensitive marketing sense and it has established strong relationships with many original manufacturers of Apple products (iPhone, iPad, iWatch, etc.). Some Apple accessories used to have been sold at TVC-Mall.com before their official launch. The business used to be widely reported by some top media (like BusinessInsider.com, AppleInsider.com, CNET.com, etc.). Please visit http://www.tvc-mall.com or subscribe its newsletter for the best deals, special prices, rebate savings, exclusive bundles and more.

# frozen_string_literal: true require File.expand_path('lib/jekyll-last-modified-at/version.rb', __dir__) Gem::Specification.new do |s| s.name = 'jekyll-last-modified-at' s.version = Jekyll::LastModifiedAt::VERSION s.summary = 'A liquid tag for Jekyll to indicate the last time a file was modified.' s.authors = 'Garen J. Torikian' s.homepage = 'https://github.com/gjtorikian/jekyll-last-modified-at' s.license = 'MIT' s.files = Dir['lib/**/*.rb'] s.add_dependency 'jekyll', '>= 3.7', ' < 5.0' s.add_dependency 'posix-spawn', '~> 0.3.9' s.add_development_dependency 'rake' s.add_development_dependency 'rspec', '~> 3.4' s.add_development_dependency 'rubocop' s.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-performance' s.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-standard' s.add_development_dependency 'spork' end

Debbie Gregory DNP, RN Dr. Debbie Gregory is a national leader in healthcare design, innovation, and transformation. As a nurse executive and interior designer, Dr. Gregory is passionate about “Intentional Design” that aligns People, Place, and Process. She creates and transforms environments into functional ecosystems using complex systems science and strategic thinking. Dr. Gregory has Doctorate of Nursing Practice in Health Innovation and Leadership from the University of Minnesota and a bachelors in nursing from Vanderbilt University. Currently, she serves as Senior Clinical Consultant for the Technology Planning Group at Smith, Seckman, Reid, Inc., a national engineering firm. In today’s healthcare environment, clinical transformation and innovation are essential in navigating and reengineering the care delivery model of the future. She serves as a liaison and visionary between the clinical community, the design and construction community, and the IT/engineering community to interpret and enhance the clinical operations and functionality of the healthcare environment. She develops strategies for operational and financial improvements designed to advance clinical excellence, improve quality of care, patient experience, and overall patient outcomes. She is a frequent presenter at national conferences and has authored many articles in national publications. Dr. Gregory provides educational summits that bring healthcare leaders, technology experts, and visionaries together to discuss the future of the healthcare delivery model and the integration of technology. She is the co-founder and past president of the Nursing Institute for Healthcare Design (NIHD) and current President of the Nursing Institute for Healthcare Design Foundation. NIHD is an international not for profit organization created from a need, an idea, and a passion to engage and include clinicians at the design table to improve the healthcare environment.

Teen angel Keisha Grey cant hide her large natural mangos under her tiny t-shirt counting up as Johnny Sins cant hide his large cock in his pants. That babe gets apropos on her knees to take his pistol in her hawt mouth

Medical Designers Save Time, Parts With Software HIGH STRESS: The sensor in Tensys’ new blood-pressure monitor floats within a rigid frame attached to a serpentine arm designed to flex. Engineers used SolidWorks and COSMOSWORKS to design the arm and see how it would perform under real-world flexing, saving prototypes. “Faster, cheaper, better” is a phrase that may have its genesis in the aerospace industry, but it has launched breakthrough designs in other industries as well. Case in point: the medical industry, where device manufacturers have used CAD and FEA to give flight to new design ideas while slashing product-development time. Two recent examples, one in the U.S. and one in the U.K., show the improvements and time/cost savings engineers have realized from their use of engineering software. In Camberly, U.K., the design team at reseller Williams Medical Supplies set up a new technical development department to design medical products and settled on Solid Edge (UGS) as its core design tool. “Our aim is to take a routine surgical instrument and bring something new to the design that will provide significant benefit,” says Robert Steele, technical development director. Among their projects: the Opmaster Series 4 surgery operating table. The enhanced design allows a patient to be examined, operated on, and recover on the same table. Using Solid Edge, the team modeled parts and ran collision and interference analyses and motion simulation. “We were able to sit with sales and marketing during the initial design stage and get feedback,” says Steele. “Engineers don’t always get it right, but with the software we could rehearse the design and minimize the risk of getting it wrong.” The result was a major time savings, largely the result of not doing many prototypes. “In fact, we were almost able to dispense with the prototyping phase and go straight to manufacturing,” Steele asserts. Working with different software and on a vastly different product line, engineers at San Diego-based Tensys Medical, Inc. had similar results. Using SolidWorks for CAD and COSMOSWorks for FEA (both from Dassault Systemes, Inc.) the engineering team developed the T-Line[R] Tensymeter, a non-invasive arterial blood-pressure management system for use in surgery. Their goal was to replace the traditional cuff-based monitors that provide only intermittent measurements every few minutes. That kind of irregular monitoring can delay recognition of rapid changes in blood pressure. The design concept uses an actuator to move a sensor over the patient’s wrist to find the best position for producing a continuous waveform. “The sensor has to float within a rigid frame attached to a serpentine arm that’s designed to flex. The team used COSMOSWORKS to identify areas of high stress for the olefin-based serpentine arm and used the analysis results to make design modifications. Among those modifications, says Senior Engineer Russ Hempstead: “We removed the stress risers, added radii, and added thickening sections.” He and the engineering team didn’t expect to see the stress risers, but when they did they put static flexing on part of the serpentine arm so they could move it the way it would move in the real world. The software enabled the team to shorten the design cycle by 60 percent. They cut manufacturing time by four percent, material costs by three percent, and labor costs by three-four percent. In all, engineers did seven or eight analysis studies in just a couple of days. Hempstead says the team cut the number of parts by putting as much functionality in a part as possible. It’s a strategy he recommends to others. “It may complicate tooling, but it still eases manufacturing,” he says. “We got rid of four components.” Industrial workplaces are governed by OSHA rules, but this isn’t to say that rules are always followed. While injuries happen on production floors for a variety of reasons, of the top 10 OSHA rules that are most often ignored in industrial settings, two directly involve machine design: lockout/tagout procedures (LO/TO) and machine guarding. Focus on Fundamentals consists of 45-minute on-line classes that cover a host of technologies. You learn without leaving the comfort of your desk. All classes are taught by subject-matter experts and all are archived. So if you can't attend live, attend at your convenience.

I listened to this one, narrated by Justine Eyre. It was about 12 hours long, but it passed by quickly with this fun read. It's not particularly deep or magical and it doesn't call life as we know it into question. It's a nice read/listen, light and intriguing for anyone in the mood for a little escape from the disappointments that have been abounding. Funny enough, the only problems with the book are also reasons why I liked it. Lily Kaiser's journey is a little too convenient throughout the book but that can be just perfect sometimes. It can be exactly what I need to read or listen in order to balance out the pressure of the world. So, yes, the book is a little too neat. The story a little too beautiful and coincidental and works a little too well, but I didn't mind it at all. Mostly because it was also written incredibly well. It moves between times, giving insight into Rose Gallway's life that Lily doesn't readily have and let's the reader piece some of it together on our own. I do enjoy that. And then the author lays it all out and it's just perfect. A little too perfect, like in one of those rom-coms that we watch to feel good but that we all know aren't the way the world works. I really loved that about it. It's going to be one of my comfort books, to peruse when I'm down, maybe listen to when I wanna revel in new beginnings, like the mood I re-watch Stardust in. If you've read a few too many mysteries lately, or too many books that ripped your heart out (like I have recently), than this is the perfect book to recover with. It's comforting and sweet and romantic and doesn't take itself too seriously. But it's not the book for that serious deep read. Don't expect it to be.

My new global trends book is out now: The Future of Almost Everything. But it takes at least 20 years to evaluate how good a trends analyst was / is – so what about forecasts made by me in previous books, about what to expect over the following decade or two or three? How did those forecasts measure up? I had to answer that question for myself by re-reading what I wrote in the past about the future, before writing my latest book. Read FREE SAMPLE of The Truth about Almost Everything. So you can judge for yourself, here are loads of predictions I made in the past - and the book in which they were made plus date. Every one of these is already a reality or looks like it soon could be, as of August 2015....And yes I got some things wrong - not many fortunately. I am going to publish the entire text of Futurewise 1998 edition on this website for a complete picture - but of course on this site already are hundreds of posts and videos going back in some cases over 20 years. Here's one I got wrong: I thought video streaming would take off - but with more use of live video using smartphones that we have actually seen. Most personal video streaming is of course things like YouTube clips. Most forecasting errors in my experience are not over WHAT is going to happen as the trend is usually fairly obvious, but by WHEN with questions about real impact. So here goes: how did I see the future of banking, global economy, mobile, smartphones, Internet of Things, Big Data and so on...? Banking Banking as it is in 1998 will never survive and will fall in profitability. 1998 - Futurewise Internet of Things and Smart Homes All new homes in developed nations will be intelligent by 2010, Smart homes will boast 15-20% energy savings. 1998 - Futurewise Every device with a power socket will be online. Washing machine will call engineer. Garage doors will open automatically, alarm will be turned off, lights will go on, coffee machine will begin to pour a coffee and so on. 1998 - Futurewise Power generation in many homes from solar cells and wind in rural areas 1998 – Futurewise Retail and e-commerce Basic shopping will be done online and the rest will become a recreational activity – so shopping centres will have to learn from theme parks to reinvent themselves as a leisure experience. 1998 - Futurewise Loss of millions of small retailers by 2005 as huge chains expand market share, These global chains will increase own brand sales from 15% to 30% by 2010. However many corner shops will survive because of convenience, parking restrictions and so on. We will see a big reversal of the trend to build more out of town superstores, with rapid growth of smaller outlets of the same chains. 1998 - Futurewise Millions of people will buy and sell from each other directly at cut throat prices for new and second-hand goods, by posting information online, with instant matching of buyers and sellers, creating virtual “street markets”. 1998 – Futurewise Europe and global economy Major economic disruptions will occur affecting many nations from a series of very low probability but very high impact events, with combined impact. 1998 - Futurewise Expect increasingly complicated financial instruments to be developed, which will add to risks of economic instability. 1998 – Futurewise The next global economic shock is likely to be triggered by events relating to complex financial products (derivatives) and hedge funds, overwhelming markets and governments - 2003 Futurewise Speed of change will be a fundamental and rapidly growing global risk, with sudden collapse of economies in different nations, related to loss of market confidence. 1998 – Futurewise Massive future economic tensions in Eurozone in next two decades, which may threaten the Euro project. 1998 – Futurewise Expect more rioting on the streets as workers untie to vent their anger and frustration at leaders, global institutions and wealthy ethnic minorities. 1998 – Futurewise Interest rate targeting set at 2% will turn out to be too low because no room to manage the deflationary economic shocks that we are going to see, without risk of tipping over into deflation. Expect central banks to begin relaxing such low targets – 2003 Futurewise 2nd edition Expect a growing backlash against globalization, blamed by workers in many nations for lack of jobs and economic decline. 1998 – Futurewise Expect growing anger and resentment against market speculators, blamed for price instabilities of commodities and currencies, and for destabilizing entire nations by over-trading complex financial products, which very few people fully understand. 1998 – Futurewise More governments will take refuge in larger trading blocs, with more grouped, linked of fused economies by 2020, particularly in Asia, but it will not be entirely effective as speculators also grow rapidly in global power. ASEAN will become stronger as part of this process. 1998 – Futurewise Outsourcing of manufacturing and service jobs to China and India will go into reverse, as inflation in Asia wipes out the economic argument for doing so, and as companies look to become more agile and reduce risk. 2003 - Futurewise Many people will be surprised at how rapidly China overtakes the US as the world’s largest economy. Futurewise 1998 Health AIDS will become a global pandemic which will require massive community mobilization over more than 20 years. Prevention programmes will prove effective, but a vaccine will be almost impossible to make, and certainly will not be developed before 2003. 1987 – Truth about AIDS Life expectancy will go on increasing rapidly with official forecasts revised every 12 months, over the next two decades and beyond, each of which will create added pressures on pension fund solvency. 1998 - Futurewise Viruses will be used to treat or prevent diseases such as cancer or cystic fibrosis. Viruses will be used to infect cancer cells and teach them to manufacture chemotherapy agents to poison cancer cells directly – 1993 Genetic Revolution We will repair damaged tissue using a person’s own cells, grown in the laboratory. – 1993 Genetic Revolution GM foods – new crops and improved animals - will be important and widely grown. – 1993 Genetic Revolution Genetically engineered animal and human cells will be used to manufacture next-generation pharma products including new types of vaccines. – 1993 Genetic Revolution Huge numbers of human genes will be linked to patterns of disease, enabling very accurate predictions to be made about future medical problems in an individual. – 1993 Genetic Revolution Monoclonal antibodies will become a very important treatment in future for cancer and other conditions. – 1993 Genetic Revolution Technology to create human cloned embryos in the laboratory for research purposes will become routine. 1993 – Genetic Revolution We will see many new virus threats emerge around the world by 2020, of which several will trigger global containment efforts. 1998 – Futurewise= Pensions crisis Pensions crisis will hit Germany and Italy, while France will be shaken by riots and demonstrations on the streets when governments try to increase retirement age. 1998 – Futurewise In 20 years time, many older people will carry on working to 75, or 85, or until they drop, with virtually no pension. 1998 – Futurewise Calls to legalise euthanasis will grow far stronger, with many high profile cases where doctors or family have taken the law into their own hands. 1998 – Futurewise Personal pension plans and investment funds will be growth markets for those approaching retirement, with increasing questions about charges and performance of actively managed funds. 1998 – Futurewise Future of Europe Eurozone will not be sustainable without huge pain. Economic conditions that enable some countries to swim will cause other economies to drown. 1998 - Futurewise Tribalism will be the downfall of Europe and will feed terrorism. 1998 - Futurewise Many former Eastern Bloc nations will not stabilize economically until beyond 2008, and even then there will still be a huge gap compared to Western Europe. 1998 - Futurewise It will take until beyond 2018 for new democratic traditions to take root in former Soviet bloc nations. Economic crisis in these nations may lead to riots, civil disobedience, internal military action or worse. Expect the EU to try to reduce these risks by early inclusion into an enlarged community. 1998 - Futurewise Enlarging the EU from15 to 25 nations will change it forever, adding to paralysis in decision-making. 1998 - Futurewise People tribes will sometimes be very hostile to the emerging mega-state. 1998 - Futurewise One of the final destructions of the United States of Europe will be high unemployment caused by rapidly changing economic conditions and labour force immobility. 1998 - Futurewise However Europe will benefit in the short term from instability elsewhere. 1998 – Futurewise Future of the UK UK will continue to disintegrate in the final death pangs of the English imperialistic dream. Scots will look to Europe as a way of staying together in a broader alliance, rather than close rule from London. 1998 - Futurewise The English will become increasingly resentful of rulings imposed by the EU. 1998 - Futurewise As Scotland asserts its own right to govern itself, the English will become more strident about being English. 1998 - Futurewise UK home ownership will prove a good long term investment, despite market collapse and many pundits claiming the end of the sector as a sound investment. Web posts 2007-2008 on globalchange.com and YouTube. London will remain very popular and powerful London will continue to be one of the most popular cities in the world for the next 30 years, and will continue to be dominated by financial service despite aggressive global competition. 1998 - Futurewise The City will keep top position or near top in cross-border lending, and will fight to remain the largest global centre for Forex. 1998 - Futurewise Cities will be popular places to live Hundreds of millions will migrate to large cities: city life will be increasingly popular, despite forecasts by some that cities will decay and die as wealthy people move out to escape crime, congestion, pollution and chaos. 1998 - Futurewise Politics, tribalism, new patterns of war and rapid rise of new terrorist groups Political whirlwinds will affect whole continents. 1998 – Futurewise Rise of new, sinister radical people movements, which are totally convinced of their moral cause and use tribalism, social networking and terrorism – these groups will seize great powers. 1998 – Futurewise Terrorist groups will multiply rapidly in the third millennium, taking advantage of new technologies to frighten, sabotage and attack for the sake of a cause. 1998 – Futurewise Security forces will use ever more sophisticated tools for surveillance, violating privacy of hundreds of millions. 1998 – Futurewise Traditional left-right political divides will be swept away in many nations by polarized debates over things like sustainability, or the application of Islamic laws, or whether a nation should be in or out of the Eurozone. 1998 - Futurewise Ever present video cameras will make large-scale traditional wars harder to fight, because horrors will be seen very clearly. 1998 – Futurewise World military spending will fall and then rise – with investment in drones, cruise missiles etc but experience show that wars are won by house to house fighting not by remote control smart weapons. 1998 – Futurewise Sustainability and single issues Left-right politics will give way to single issue politics eg should we be in or out of the Eurozone, or become independent from the UK, or spend more on carbon taxes. 1998 - Futurewise The environment will be the number 1 dominant single issue for decades to come. 1998 - Futurewise Marriage and children Marriage will become less fashionable but the dominant household pattern for middle aged people will still be having children and bringing them up together. 1998 - Futurewise A new generation of teenagers will emerge in the early Third Millennium, the M Generation: more conservative than in the past – less sex, less drunkenness, less drugs, more study, more concerned about issues like environment. They will still follow traditional romantic dreams… of one day finding a wonderful partner for a very long term relationship. 1998 - Futurewise Drugs and smoking We will see widespread drug testing – at work and in prisons, greater investment in drug rehab. 1998 - Futurewise We will see progressive criminalisation of smoking with ever stricter regulations on tobacco, and a bitter fight in some nations over decriminalization of cannabis. 1998 - Futurewise We will see hundreds of new designer drugs that fall outside government legal powers, of which some will enhance memory and intelligence, becoming widely abused by students. 1998 - Futurewise Feminisation Feminisation of workplace and wider society with men in retreat, labeled as testosterone addicts, dangerous, ill-behaved variants of human species prone to violence and sexual predatory acts. 1998 – Futurewise

Sandusky Sent Down River After a Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Corrections Department review, convicted child molester and former Penn State assistant coach Jerry Sandusky has been sent to the Greene State Prison, where he will serve out his sentence (and probably, his life) in protective custody. He’s still pursuing appeals, which no one expects to go anywhere. Greene is a maximum security prison, classified as a “Supermax“, which contains a Death Row. Lifers there include Philadelphia serial killer Juan Covington, and three convicts await execution. This is one tough place. “We make individual decisions based on facts,” Corrections Secretary John Wetzel said in a written statement. “Given the high-profile nature of this individual, coupled with the nature of his crimes, this makes him very vulnerable in a prison setting.” Noooo kidding, John! (We all know from watching TV crime dramas what happens to guys like Jer in da Big House.) Just how effective will the security measures be? Better be Biohazard Level 5 containment for Ol’ Jer. He will not have a cellmate and will be subjected to heightened supervision and an escort when not in his cell. He will get an hour of individual exercise five days a week and three showers a week — alone, save for the escort. He will eat meals in his cell. All other services, including religion, medications, and treatment programming will be conducted in his cell. All visits will be non-contact. No touching of or by the Tickle Monster. Sandusky’s legal representations did not return phone calls. This is close to home for “Jer”. His home town of “Little Washington” is a half-hour north on I-79. A further half-hour north lies the thriving, post-ferrous metropolis of Pittsburgh. The State Correctional Institution at Greene, as it is formally known, is a maximum-security prison that houses a total of 1,800 inmates and employs 700 people. Friends' Blogs Whodat Turkey? The Nittany Turkey is a retired techno-geek who thinks he knows something about Penn State football and everything else in the world. If there's a topic, we have an opinion on it, and you know what "they" say about opinions! Most of what is posted here involves a heavy dose of hip-shooting conjecture, but unlike some other blogs, we don't represent it as fact. Read More…

Araucaria clonal forestry: types of cuttings and mother tree sex in field survival and growth Resumo: Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze (Paraná pine or Araucaria) is a potential forestry native species for Brazilian silviculture. However, a number of challenges and technical restraints persist, hindering its silvicultural expansion, among which are the lack of cloning technologies of superior genetic materials and their assessment under field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the potential use of araucaria plants derived from cuttings and seeds for timber production, by assessing field survival, growth and strobilus production using cuttings from male and female plants, collected from different positions, compared with those produced by sexual reproduction. Clones of male and female trees from different types of cuttings and seedlings were planted in 3 x 3 m spacing. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of one tree plot with three treatments. Female clones and apical cuttings showed higher growth in diameter at breast height (6.4 cm) and total height (3.6 m) 74 months after planting, followed by seedlings and other clones, with similar results. We conclude that cuttings technique is potential for araucaria propagation for wood production purposes, and it is favored by the use of apical cuttings from female mother trees.

Purchase either a combined Buildings & Contents Home Insurance policy, or separate Buildings or Contents Home Insurance Policy online at Littlewoods.com between 1st and 31st August 2017 to qualify for a free Amazon Echo Dot. New Littlewoods Home Insurance customers only. Provided your policy is still active and your premiums are up to date, we'll email you 4 weeks post-purchase to explain how you claim your free Amazon Echo Dot. If you return your item due to a fault, where possible, a replacement item will be provided. Own it! this summerwith £20 back! 1 - Spend £50 or more in one order before 30.06.172 - Enter code LAMJA at checkout3 - £20 will be credited to your original method of payment - simple! Offer excludes sale items, Apple products, Financial Services products and delivery/installation charges. Valid for one use only, this code cannot be used in conjunction with any other offer code.If you return items from your order, the credit will be reversed if the order value falls below the minimum required. Sat Navs at Littlewoods Make finding your way around easy with a sat nav from our fab range at Littlewoods. We’ve got a great selection of top brands like Garmin, TomTom and Kenwood, so there’ll be no chance of getting lost. Take a look at essential features to make journeys that little bit easier, like local area guides highlighting points of interest and useful info like the nearest petrol station or hotel. Choose from state-of-the-art designs with 3D map formats, or pick a bird’s-eye view. And we have accessories too, including travel cases for safe and stylish storage. In-car Entertainment Range If you like listening to music while you’re driving, have a look at our in-car entertainment range. Choose from a wide selection of multi-functional products with high-quality sound and easy-to-use controls. We've got state-of-the-art touch screen options with high-res graphics, and you can stream music with AppRadio Mode, CarPlay or via Bluetooth technology. If you prefer to play songs from your phone, opt for a USB connection, and sing along to those classic road-trip tunes. And if you’re all about that bass then check out our subwoofers for an immersive experience. Picking the Right Sat Nav If international travel is on your agenda, pick one of our sat navs with road maps for up to 152 different countries and get ready to explore. Keep up to date on recent road changes with a sat nav that comes with a lifetime supply of maps, meaning you'll always have access to the quickest routes available. For all the latest info and live traffic updates, choose a model with a data plan and SIM – they're particularly useful if you take a busy commuter route. We’ve got styles with handy reverse cameras too, for those who want a little extra help parking. Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) allows you to delay payment for 12 months. The payment free period starts when you place your order (including items which are purchased on pre-order and/or are not ready for immediate dispatch). Select BNPL at checkout and the repayment period of either 104 or 156 weeks. This is the repayment period you will pay over, once the payment free period (12 months) has ended. The interest rate typically used to calculate BNPL interest is 44.9% per annum. Your interest rate will be detailed in checkout. The interest is calculated on the payment free period and the repayment period. You can avoid interest by paying the cash price in full within the payment free period. Delivery charges and other Financial Services products are not available on Buy Now Pay Later and will appear on your next statement. Please note, if you have non BNPL purchases on your account you will still need to make at least your minimum payment as detailed on your statement. Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) allows you to delay payment for 12 months. The payment free period starts when you place your order (including items which are purchased on pre-order and/or are not ready for immediate dispatch). Select BNPL at checkout and the repayment period of either 104 or 156 weeks. This is the repayment period you will pay over, once the payment free period (12 months) has ended. The interest rate typically used to calculate BNPL interest is 44.9% per annum. Your interest rate will be detailed in checkout. The interest is calculated on the payment free period and the repayment period. You can avoid interest by paying the cash price in full within the payment free period. Delivery charges and other Financial Services products are not available on Buy Now Pay Later and will appear on your next statement. Please note, if you have non BNPL purchases on your account you will still need to make at least your minimum payment as detailed on your statement. Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) allows you to delay payment for 12 months. The payment free period starts when you place your order (including items which are purchased on pre-order and/or are not ready for immediate dispatch). Select BNPL at checkout and the repayment period of either 104 or 156 weeks. This is the repayment period you will pay over, once the payment free period (12 months) has ended. Your interest rate will be detailed in checkout. The interest is calculated on the payment free period and the repayment period. You can avoid interest by paying the cash price in full within the payment free period. Delivery charges and other Financial Services products are not available on Buy Now Pay Later and will appear on your next statement. Please note, if you have non BNPL purchases on your account you will still need to make at least your minimum payment as detailed on your statement.

Hey Everyone, This is my first post on the board, and I'm glad to see there is a section specifically on Spanish wines as they've always been a favorite of mine! I recently drank the wine mentioned in the tile and absoultely loved it. The only problem is that I bought it in Sevilla, and haven't been able to find the exact wine at the local wine superstores. Any advice on how to find if this wine is imported and how to get it. Welcome to the board, MrB. A Website we commonly use when looking for an elusive bottle is wine-searcher.com, but unfortunately it turned up a no-find. Also checked my regional benchmark, Spec's in Houston, with the same result. You may need to settle for a reasonable sub. Despite all you see in the stores, both Spain and Italy (the largest wine producers in the world) only export a relatively small number of wines to the U.S. or anyone else. Find something you like in Chi-town and enjoy.

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I admit I never thought I’d do any analytical work on Resident Evil 4. Don’t get me wrong; it’s one of my favorite games. Being extremely fun to play, and a having a wonderfully creepy aesthetic are just a few of the game’s strengths. But it’s a silly game in a lot of ways. There aren’t larger messages and meanings to glean from it. And at some moments, the game mechanics and the overall story don’t match up very well. I’d like to discuss one of those moments: Luis’s famous death in castle. I’ll use this example to discuss the elements of motivation and capacity in video games. You may recall from my previous article a discussion of a player’s motivation and capacity while playing a video game. Although I mentioned these terms, I never adequately defined them, so I’ll do so now. A player’s motivation is the reason he or she cares about playing the game and effecting some kind of difference in the world and story in which he or she is immersed. This element is present in other mediums—it’s the reason we continue to read/watch the story. A player’s capacity, unlike motivation, is intrinsically tied to game mechanics; it consists of the things that the player is able to do in the game world. The analogue of capacity in other media is simply the reader’s ability to continue to watch or read the story. There are further complexities in games, however, including that a player’s degree of capacity can effect his or her motivation, but that is a discussion for another time (probably focusing on Deus Ex). For now, recall my claim that in order for a game to be truly impactful, both of these elements must exist (or noticeably not exist, as I’ll discuss in my next article). Note also that the capacity element is harder and more important to make present, since it’s the element that video games have introduced to storytelling. So let’s see whether both motivation and capacity exist in the case of Luis’s death. For those who haven’t played the game, you can watch a video of the moment below. [youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsfebZKsp94&w=420&h=315] I’ll summarize the scene: Luis was attempting to help you get a “sample” of great value from the game’s primary villain, Saddler. But Saddler kills Luis, taking back the sample (classic). As Luis lies dying before you, he gives you a temporary antidote to the parasite that you are infected with, and tells you to stop Saddler. When he finally passes away, Leon yells out him name in anguish. So this moment most certainly provides the player with motivation. And there are multiple reasons for this. In his final moments, Luis literally gives the player the primary plot incentive for the remainder of the game: stop Saddler and get the sample back. On top of that, finding out that Leon isn’t doomed to die at the hands of his parasite energies the player with a new sense of hope. But, most importantly, the player’s motivation is an extension of Leon’s grief. If the player empathizes with Leon (hopefully they do if they’ve gotten this far in the game), when Leon cries out in agony over the death of his friend, the player, too, is motivated seek justice for a lost friend. This is the opposite of Link’s silence that I discussed in my last article. Unlike Link, who leaves you to form your experience for yourself, Leon hands you his grief, and in this way motivates you to action. This is good storytelling. Clearly Resident Evil 4 has nailed the motivational aspect of making a powerful narrative in a game. But at this point there’s no particular reason story-wise to play the game instead of just watching it. So let’s think about capacity. Capacity is the additional element that makes a video game unique as opposed to movies or books. And the extent of what video games can do with capacity hasn’t been fully explored. So, even though it’s not necessary for a game to use dynamics of capacity in order to tell a good story, ignoring this element is missing an opportunity for better storytelling. Since capacity is unique to games, if there’s no interesting storytelling or fun mechanics, there’s no reason to play the game instead of just watch it. Now, in order to discuss capacity in the case of death, capacity takes on a slight nuance. When a character dies in a game, the key aspect of capacity is actually the change in capacity. It doesn’t matter so much what the capacity level is in general, it just matters if there is a difference before and after a character’s death. This provides meaning for the death within the structure of the game mechanics. For example, if a character dies in a game but is immediately replaced by an almost identical analogue, their death has little visceral impact for the player, who can’t feel the impact of the character’s death on the gameplay. This actually does happen: in Legend of The Dragoon, when one of your party members, Lavitz, dies, Albert, who literally takes on the stats of Lavitz, almost immediately replaces him. Even more notably, Cait Sith dies in Final Fantasy VII, but is quite literally replaced by an entirely identical avatar called “Cait Sith 2”. In these situations the player’s capacity has not changed, and thus the deaths have lost some of their potential narrative impact. That’s kind of what it feels like when Luis dies in Resident Evil 4. Although he helps you out as a non-player character (NPC) at various points in the game, it’s not as though he’s the only character who does this. And there’s nothing to distinguish him mechanics-wise from the other characters you meet and team up with. What’s more, you continue to have access to other NPCs you can get help from after he dies. So, in terms of how it feels to play the game, you don’t even notice he’s gone. As far as the player’s capacity to team up with others in order to stay alive, very little changes after Luis’s death. The player’s capacity thus changes very little when he dies, and though the player grieves with Leon, it’s difficult to feel a real sense of loss. To sum up, although the story of Luis’s death in Resident Evil is well told in terms of movies and books, the developers missed the opportunity to tell this story through the game mechanics in terms of a change in player capacity. Luis was not a unique character mechanically, and other characters that Leon meets effectively replace his avatar. The death is meaningful to watch, but far less meaningful to play. Nathan Randall - Video Game Analyst Nathan Randall is a Master’s candidate in game design at FIEA. He analyzes how gameplay mechanics and design impact the storytelling of video games. Learn more here. With a Terrible Fate is dedicated to developing the best video game analysis anywhere, without any ads or sponsored content. If you liked what you just read, please consider supporting us by leaving a one-time tip or becoming a contributor on Patreon.

Q: Modoboa 1.1.1 Deployment Errors I tried to install modoboa follow this steps: http://modoboa.readthedocs.org/en/latest/getting_started/install.html I installed modoboa with pip install modoboa: Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module> execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 453, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 392, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 272, in fetch_command klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 77, in load_command_class module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name)) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 8, in <module> from django.core.management.sql import custom_sql_for_model, emit_post_sync_signal File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 9, in <module> from django.db import models File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 40, in <module> backend = load_backend(connection.settings_dict['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 34, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 93, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 27, in load_backend return import_module('.base', backend_name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 17, in <module> raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb python manage.py syncdb --noinput failed, check your configuration Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module> execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 453, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 392, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 272, in fetch_command klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 77, in load_command_class module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name)) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 8, in <module> from django.core.management.sql import custom_sql_for_model, emit_post_sync_signal File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 9, in <module> from django.db import models File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 40, in <module> backend = load_backend(connection.settings_dict['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 34, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 93, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 27, in load_backend return import_module('.base', backend_name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 17, in <module> raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb python manage.py syncdb failed, check your configuration Unknown command: 'migrate' Type 'manage.py help' for usage. python manage.py migrate --fake failed, check your configuration Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module> execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 453, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 392, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 272, in fetch_command klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 77, in load_command_class module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name)) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 11, in <module> from django.core import serializers File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/serializers/__init__.py", line 22, in <module> from django.core.serializers.base import SerializerDoesNotExist File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/serializers/base.py", line 5, in <module> from django.db import models File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 40, in <module> backend = load_backend(connection.settings_dict['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 34, in __getattr__ return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 93, in __getitem__ backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 27, in load_backend return import_module('.base', backend_name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 17, in <module> raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb python manage.py loaddata initial_users.json failed, check your configuration Unknown command: 'collectstatic' Type 'manage.py help' for usage. python manage.py collectstatic --noinput failed, check your configuration I tried to install pip install MySQL-python but I received this error: Downloading/unpacking MySQL-python Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB): 108kB downloaded Running setup.py egg_info for package MySQL-python sh: mysql_config: orden no encontrada Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 16, in <module> File "/tmp/pip_build_root/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module> metadata, options = get_config() File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config libs = mysql_config("libs_r") File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,)) EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: sh: mysql_config: orden no encontrada Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 16, in <module> File "/tmp/pip_build_root/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module> metadata, options = get_config() File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config libs = mysql_config("libs_r") File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,)) EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found ---------------------------------------- Cleaning up... Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/MySQL-python Storing complete log in /root/.pip/pip.log Seems that error is caused by MySQL module but I don't know how to resolve it. A: You should install the python mysqldb package provided with your distribution. On a debian/ubuntu one: $ apt-get install python-mysqldb

A small city in Iowa has taken an action to save the bees from extinction. Acres of land were donated to increase the local habitats of the bees. Over the past decade, bees are steadily disappearing. Worker bees disappear and leaving behind the queen. With a few nursing bees to take care of the immature bees, a colo… Read More To stay updated with the latest in the apiculture industry to can visit our beekeeping latest news. On the other hand if you are starting beekeeping and would like to begin professional beekeeping today download a copy of our beekeeping for beginners ebook. Beekeeping can be a full-time profession or a hobby that is simple. Nonetheless, more often than not, what started as a hobby would turn into a profession. But you cannot simply tell and decide yourself you will start to do beekeeping. Before starting on any avocation or profession, you need to have understanding and satisfactory knowledge on the subject that you are going to enter. If you’ve been putting off your interest in beekeeping for quite a while, then it’s about time to indulge yourself in your line of interest. Bee farming may seem simple; learning the basic beekeeping lessons can enable you to get away to a good start. What does a beekeeper need to understand? On beekeeping to start at the right foot you should have interest that is complete. You need to spend time taking care of your colonies of bees. You should have also agreed to share your home space with the bees. There are potential risks in beekeeping that can harm not only you but your family also. Your focus is not only to make money by selling honey; a good beekeeper should have passion and a keen interest in rearing bees. An apiarist should know the right place for the beehives. You have to make sure beekeeping is allowed in your area, if you decide to place your beehives at your backyard. There are several places restricted to beekeeping; you have to get permission concerning this. Beekeepers must know whether beekeeping supplies are available in the area where the beehives are situated. When you must go to a neighborhood beekeeping shop you may never understand; it is best that a nearby beekeeping store is reachable. Equipment and protective tools are also very important to beekeepers to know. Know the right kind of suit to choose to keep you from any possible danger in beekeeping. If you’re incapable to harvest honey from your bees all the efforts that are beekeeping would be futile. A beekeeper should know the methods in gathering the honey from the comb; beeswax is also part of the returns in beekeeping.

Defending champion Reilly Opelka and 2018 champ Kevin Anderson headline a stacked field of singles players committed to compete in this year’s New York Open men’s tennis tournament, which takes place Feb. 9-16 on the unique black courts at NYCB LIVE’s Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. more The Kumon Method was founded in Japan in 1954. Toru Kumon, a high school math teacher, was trying to help his own child. Convinced that his second-grade son could be taught the necessary skills to understand advanced mathematics, he created . . . more After a number of residents urged the city to install mats on the barrier island’s beaches so that those with mobility issues can easily access Long Beach’s iconic shoreline, the city last week released a plan to do just that. more

Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between a conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer luting cements. This clinical study compared handling and any short-term tooth sensitivity associated with using one conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer cements marketed for luting gold and ceramometal crowns. The patient's response to a 10-second blast of air applied to the vital tooth was scored pre-operatively and again within a one-to-four week post-cementation recall period. A score was also recorded for any sensitivity present at the time of cementation of the crown on the unanesthetized tooth. All three cements were easy to mix and place. Most of the teeth had no response to pulpal stimulation pre-operatively, associated with the cementation procedure or post-cementation, and there were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. For all cements, the level of post-cementation tooth sensitivity was similar, and less than that found pre-operatively.

GREATER ....a study of the book of Hebrews A sermon series by Jay Lovelace....beginning February 18, 2018 ANNOUNCEMENTS AND HAPPENINGS... This week and next... AWANA...February 21 - Regular Night! Begins at 6:30 p.m.Small Groups…The Friday Small Groups will meet on February 23 at 6:30 p.m.; the Lovelace group at the Wilson’s home and the Barker group at the church. AWANA Grand Prix Garage...Kids, if you want advice on your race car for the Grand Prix or time to test the ride, come to the church at 9:00 a.m. on Saturday, February 24. Volunteers will be there to help you with any finishing touches. (Note: the Grand Prix will be held on Saturday, March 3, beginning at 10:00 a.m.). Prayer Meeting...February 25 at 4:30 p.m. at the church Defending Your Faith...Join Marty Engel on Monday, February 26 for discussion time about everyday questions that Christians are asked of nonbelievers. Mark your calendars!

Mind The Gap America’s British population has taken to the web to voice its displeasure at news that U.S. candy giant Hershey has successfully blocked our much loved U.K.-produced chocolate from being exported to the land of the free. So the Oscar nominations were announced this morning, and, as expected, the great British hope, Atonement, was nominated for Best Picture. However, its two stars, James McAvoy and Keira Knightley, were omitted for the top acting … The British dominance of Hollywood has been a big story throughout award season. But one could be forgiven for mistaking last night’s Oscars for a World Cup match, and, predictably, Britain got beaten by Mexico. Latest Interviews The Latest from Mind The Gap America’s British population has taken to the web to voice its displeasure at news that U.S. candy giant Hershey has successfully blocked our much loved U.K.-produced chocolate from being exported to the land of the free.

Recently, I sat down to talk with a group of eight students from a large prominent church in Southern California. They were raised in the church. They were regulars at youth group. They claimed to be in relationship with Christ. Yet, they were dead. As I tried to engage them, most seemed unmoved and uninterested. And I was not surprised. As I work with churches around the country, I encounter countless Christian students who are apathetic toward spiritual things. Their relationship with Christ is passionless. Talk of God is ho-hum. But why? Shouldn’t our relationship with Christ be life’s most exciting adventure? I’m not suggesting the Christian life is one, big, emotional high, but why are students more willing to plug into their iPods than their Bibles? Why are they more excited about the latest celebrity gossip than the Gospel? Why aren’t their lives filled with the drama of God’s Kingdom? I think a big part of the problem is that Christian students rarely engage their world for the cause of Christ. Here’s what I’ve observed in my training over the years. The most exciting events I do, the events where students seem to come to life, are those where there is some component of engagement. Let me illustrate. For almost ten years now, I’ve been taking students on mission trips to Berkeley and Utah. Each trip requires hours of training, typically in the form of classroom instruction and the reading of required books. This training is important and necessary, but it’s not what generates the most buzz among the students. Students get fired up on the trip when we give them opportunities to engage non-believers. On these trips we invite Mormon leaders, Unitarians, gay activists, Hare Krishna priests, skeptics, and atheists to dialogue with students. We give our non-Christian guests time to share their views, followed by a time of questions from our students. It’s during Q&A when students really come to life. They ask question after question, graciously yet firmly force our skeptical guests to give a reason for their views. At the conclusion of each encounter, we thank our guests and then spend time debriefing. At this point, students are always abuzz, asking me question after question. Before I know it, an hour of discussing apologetics and theology with youth will have flown by. In addition, we send our groups onto college campuses, like BYU or Berkeley, to conduct surveys. The surveys are designed to get our students into conversation with non-Christians students about spiritual issues. At first, students are fearful and anxious. They’re skeptical about people’s willingness to engage with them. But after an hour or two of surveys, students return and they are always pumped. During our debrief time, students can’t wait to share about their encounters. They’re filled with excitement about their conversations on campus with non-Christians. When we create opportunities for students to engage, there is a vibrancy that infuses the events. But this shouldn’t come as a surprise. Christianity is not a spectator sport. Our teaching should not remain in a classroom or behind the four walls of the church. If we want to train students who can defend the faith not just intelligently but passionately, we need to get them in the game. Think about any sports teams. It’s the starters who are the most passionate about the game, right? The benchwarmers, not so much. I think that’s one reason why our mission trips to Berkeley and Utah are exciting and successful. They get students in the game. They get students engaging a lost world with the truth of Jesus Christ. In 2014, students will get a taste of being in the game as I take them to Berkeley and Utah. I’ve already maxed out the number of mission trips I’m capable of taking through July. Indeed, we’ve had to turn groups away or ask them to start scheduling for 2015. So this year, we’ll be getting students off the sidelines and igniting their fire for Christ. I can’t wait. As a parent of 5 kids, summer gets expensive. I have to pay for swim lessons, soccer camps, VBS, youth group trips, family vacations, and more. And these costs don't even include feeding my kids all … > Read full article

Abstract The entorhinal cortex receives a large projection from the piriform cortex, and synaptic plasticity in this pathway may affect olfactory processing. In vitro whole cell recordings have been used here to investigate postsynaptic signalling mechanisms that mediate the induction of long-term synaptic depression (LTD) in layer II entorhinal cortex cells. To induce LTD, pairs of pulses, using a 30-millisecond interval, were delivered at 1 Hz for 15 minutes. Induction of LTD was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV and by the calcium chelator BAPTA, consistent with a requirement for calcium influx via NMDA receptors. Induction of LTD was blocked when the FK506 was included in the intracellular solution to block the phosphatase calcineurin. Okadaic acid, which blocks activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a, also prevented LTD. Activation of protein phosphatases following calcium influx therefore contributes to induction of LTD in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. 1. Introduction The mechanisms that mediate the induction of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) [1, 2] and depression (LTD) [3–5] have been studied intensively within the hippocampus, but less is known about the signalling mechanisms for LTP and LTD in the entorhinal cortex. Because the entorhinal cortex receives highly processed inputs from sensory and association cortices and also provides the hippocampal region with much of its sensory input [6, 7], lasting changes in the strength of synaptic inputs to the entorhinal cortex could alter the manner in which multimodal cortical inputs are integrated, modulate the strength of transmission of specific patterns of sensory input within the hippocampal formation, and contribute to mnemonic function [8–11]. Determining the effective stimulation parameters and the intracellular signals that mediate synaptic plasticity in the entorhinal cortex should allow insight into basic mechanisms that contribute to the cognitive functions of the parahippocampal region. Long-term potentiation of cortical inputs to the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex has been described in vivo [11–14] and in vitro [15, 16]. Stimulation patterns required to induce LTP tend to be more intense in the entorhinal cortex than in the hippocampus [12, 14], and we have also found that induction of LTD in the entorhinal cortex requires intense low-frequency stimulation [17, 18]. In the hippocampus, conventional 1 Hz stimulation trains have been most effective in slices taken from juvenile animals [19, 20] but are generally ineffective in adult slices [21–23] and in intact animals ([31, 32], see also [33]). Similarly, 1 Hz stimulation induces entorhinal LTD in slices from young animals [28, 29] but is not effective in vivo [17] or in slices from older animals [18]. Repeated stimulation using pairs of pulses separated by a short 25- to 50-millisecond interval can induce LTD more effectively in both the CA1 ([24–26], but see [27]) and entorhinal cortex [17, 18, 33, 34]. In the CA1, the LTD induced by this stimulation pattern is NMDA receptor-dependent, but it also depends upon activation of local inhibitory mechanisms by the pulse-pairs [30, 31]. In the entorhinal cortex, however, repeated paired-pulse stimulation using a 10-millisecond interval that evokes maximal paired-pulse inhibition does not induce LTD, and LTD is induced when a 30-millisecond interval is used that evokes maximal paired-pulse facilitation [17]. The LTD can also be enhanced when GABAA transmission is reduced with bicuculline [18]. This further suggests that LTD in the entorhinal cortex does not require activation of local inhibitory mechanisms but rather requires prolonged stimulation patterns that are strong enough to overcome local inhibition and lead to NMDA receptor activation. Strong local inhibition in the entorhinal cortex [8, 35] may thus place a restraint on activity-dependent synaptic modification. Consistent with this idea is the finding that the same pairing stimulation protocol that induces LTP in hippocampus leads to LTD in entorhinal cortex [28]. Signalling mechanisms that mediate LTD in the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex share some similarities with NMDA receptor-dependent LTD in the hippocampus. Long-term depression of superficial layer inputs to layer II is dependent on NMDA receptor activation both in vivo and in vitro [17, 18, 28, 33] but does not require activation of group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptors ([18, 28], see [36, 37]). In the hippocampus, moderate and prolonged influx of calcium via NMDA receptors activates calmodulin which leads to LTD via activation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2b). Calcineurin increases the activity of protein phosphatase 1 by reducing the activity of inhibitor 1, and this can cause rapid reductions in AMPA-mediated responses [2, 38, 39]. Hippocampal LTD is expressed partly through the reduced conductance of AMPA receptors caused by dephosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit by PP1 [2, 4], but careful study has shown that calcineurin-dependent LTD in deep layer inputs to layer II neurons in the young entorhinal cortex is not associated with a reduced AMPA conductance, but rather involves internalization of AMPA receptors and their proteosome-mediated degradation [28]. In the present study, the early postsynaptic signalling mechanisms that mediate LTD in layer I inputs to layer II neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex have been investigated using recordings of whole cell excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Long-term depression was induced using a prolonged paired-pulse stimulation pattern that was previously found to be effective for induction of NMDA-receptor-dependent LTD [18]. Pharmacological agents applied to the bathing medium or intracellular solution were used to assess the dependence of LTD on calcium-dependent signalling mechanisms including the phosphatases calcineurin and PP1/PP2a. 2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Slices and Whole Cell Recordings Experiments were performed on slices from male Long-Evans rats (4 to 8 weeks old). Animals were anesthetized with halothane and brains were rapidly removed and cooled (4°C) in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). ACSF consisted of (in mM) 124 NaCl, 5 KCl, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 2 MgSO4, 2 CaCl2, 26 NaHCO3, and 10 dextrose and was saturated with 95% O2–5% CO2. All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, Mo, USA) unless otherwise indicated. Horizontal slices (300𝜇m) were cut with a vibratome (WPI, Vibroslice NVSL, Sarasota, Fla, USA) and were allowed to recover for at least one hour before recordings. Slices were maintained in a recording chamber with oxygenated ACSF at a rate of 2.0 mL/min, and a temperature from 22 to 24°C was used to minimize metabolic demands on slices [18, 28]. Neurons were viewed with an upright microscope (Leica DML-FS, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with a 40x objective, differential interference contrast optics, and an infrared video camera (Cohu, 4990 series, San Diego, Calif, USA). 2.2. LTD Induction and Pharmacology Whole-cell current clamp recordings of EPSPs were monitored 10 minutes before and 30 minutes after LTD induction by delivering test-pulses every 20 seconds. Intensity was adjusted to evoke EPSPs that were approximately 3 to 4 mV in amplitude, and cells were held 5 mV below threshold when necessary to prevent the occurrence of spikes in response to EPSPs. Stimulus parameters for LTD induction were based on those used previously in vivo and in vitro [17, 18]. The induction of LTD was tested using pairs of stimulation pulses (30-millisecond interpulse interval) delivered at a frequency of 1 Hz for either 7.5 or 15 minutes [18]. Control cells received test-pulses throughout the recording period and did not receive conditioning stimulation. Signalling mechanisms mediating the induction of LTD were tested using stock solutions of pharmacological agents that were stored frozen and diluted on the day of use. NMDA glutamate receptors were blocked by constant bath application of 50𝜇M DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). The calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N′N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM) was included in the recording electrode solution to block increases in intracellular calcium. To block activation of the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2b) slices were pre-exposed to 250𝜇M cyclosporin A (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., North York, Ontario, Canada) for 1.5 to 3 hours [39]. In other experiments, FK506 (50𝜇M) was included in the recording electrode solution to block calcineurin [39, 40]. In other experiments, okadaic acid (0.1 or 1.0𝜇M) was included in the recording solution to block activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a [40, 41]. Control recordings without paired-pulse stimulation were used to verify the stability of recordings in cells filled with FK506 and 1.0𝜇M okadaic acid. 2.3. Data Analysis Synaptic responses and electrophysiological properties of layer II neurons were analyzed using the program Clampfit 8.2 (Axon Instr.). Data were standardized to the mean of baseline responses for plotting and were expressed as the mean ±SEM. Changes in EPSP amplitude were assessed using mixed-design ANOVAs and Neuman-Keuls tests that compared the average responses during the baseline period, 5 minutes after conditioning stimulation, and during the last 5 minutes of the recording period. Layer II neurons were classified as putative stellate or nonstellate neurons based on electrophysiological characteristics described by Alonso and Klink [42]. Stellate neurons were characterized by the presence of low-frequency subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, a depolarizing afterpotential following spikes, and prominent inward rectification in response to hyperpolarizing current pulses. Both pyramidal and stellate neurons in layer II can show inward rectifying sag responses [43]. Here, neurons recorded were clearly in layer II, usually near the border with layer I, and a proportion of these neurons did not show clear sag and were classified as pyramidal neurons. Input resistance was determined from the peak voltage response to −100 pA current pulses (500-millisecond duration), and rectification ratio was quantified by expressing peak input resistance as a proportion of the steady-state resistance at the end of the current pulse. 3. Results Stable recordings were obtained from 57 putative stellate neurons and 21 putative nonstellate cells. Peak input resistance was similar in stellate and pyramidal neurons (stellate, 95 ± 6 MΩ; pyramidal, 96 ± 10 MΩ) but there was a much larger sag in voltage responses to hyperpolarizing current injection in stellate cells (rectification ratio 1.37±0.04 in stellate cells versus 1.06±0.01 in pyramidal cells). The amplitude of baseline synaptic responses evoked by layer I stimulation was similar in stellate (3.9±0.2 mV) and pyramidal cells (3.7±0.4 mV), and the amount of depression induced was also similar for recording conditions in which significant LTD was obtained (71.2±5.6% in 14 stellate and 76.8±7.6% in 6 pyramidal cells). 3.1. LTD Induction To determine if a relatively brief LTD induction protocol could be used to induce LTD in whole-cell recordings, the first tests attempted to induce LTD using paired-pulse delivery at 1 Hz for 7.5 minutes (𝑛=10) which can induce moderate LTD of field potentials in a gas-fluid interface recording chamber [18]. Paired-pulse stimulation for 7.5 minutes did not induce depression of EPSPs relative to control cells (93.0±10.0% of baseline after 30 minutes; F2,28=0.09,𝑃=.92). We previously observed stronger LTD of field potentials in the interface recording chamber after 15 minutes versus 7.5 minutes of paired-pulse stimulation [18], and prolonged paired-pulse stimulation for 15 minutes also reliably induced LTD of whole-cell EPSPs (𝑛=7, Figure 1). EPSP amplitude was reduced to 56.3±9.5% of baseline levels 5 minutes after the conditioning stimulation, and remained at 58.6±6.1% of baseline levels at the end of the 30 minutes follow-up period (F2,22=14.2,𝑃<.001). Responses in control cells were stable (𝑛=6), and remained at 99.6±2.6% of baseline levels at the end of the recording period (Figures 1(b2), 1(c)). Figure 1: Prolonged, low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression of EPSPs in neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. (a) The location of stimulating and recording electrodes in acute slices containing the entorhinal cortex. (b) and (c) Long-term depression was induced by repetitive delivery of pairs of stimulation pulses at a rate of 1 Hz for 15 minutes (PP-LFS). The amplitude of synaptic responses remained stable in control cells that did not receive conditioning stimulation. Traces in (b) compare responses recorded during the baseline period (1) and during the follow-up period (2) in a neuron that received low-frequency stimulation (b1) and in a control cell (b2). Responses were obtained at the times indicated in (c). Averaged points in (b) indicate the mean ±1 SEM in this and subsequent figures. (d) Long-term depression was not reliably induced when low-frequency stimulation was delivered for only 7.5 minutes rather than 15 minutes, indicating that induction of LTD requires prolonged stimulation. 3.2. NMDA Receptors and Postsynaptic Calcium The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 blocks induction of LTD in the entorhinal cortex in vivo [17] and the NMDA receptor blocker APV has been shown to prevent LTD of field potentials and EPSPs in entorhinal cortex slices [18, 28, 33]. We therefore tested for the NMDA receptor-dependence of LTD of EPSPs in the current preparation using constant bath application of APV (50𝜇M). Induction of LTD by 15 minutes of paired-pulse stimulation was blocked by APV (𝑛=6, Figure 2(a)). There was a tendency for responses to be potentiated immediately following conditioning stimulation, but this variable effect was not statistically significant, and responses were close to baseline levels at the end of the recording period (96.7±13.2% of baseline; F2,10=2.99,𝑃=.09). Figure 2: The induction of long-term depression is dependent on activation of NMDA glutamate receptors and on increases in postsynaptic calcium. (a) Constant bath application of the NMDA receptor antagonist APV (50𝜇M) blocked the induction of long-term depression by 15 minutes of paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP LFS). (b) Blocking increases in postsynaptic calcium by including the calcium chelator BAPTA (10 mM) in the recording electrode solution also blocked the induction of LTD. The transient facilitation of EPSPs immediately following stimulation was significant for the BAPTA condition but not the APV condition, and responses were at baseline levels at the end of the recording periods. The block of lasting depression suggests that calcium influx via NMDA receptors is required for induction of LTD. The role of postsynaptic calcium in LTD induction was tested by recording from cells in which the calcium chelator BAPTA (10 mM) was included in the recording electrode solution (10 mM, 𝑛=6, Figure 2(b)). Cells filled with BAPTA had longer-duration action potentials than control cells (6.1±0.7 versus 3.3±0.1 milliseconds measured at the base; 𝑡1,9=3,57,𝑃<.01) consistent with a reduction in calcium-dependent potassium conductances. The induction of LTD was blocked in cells loaded with BAPTA. There was a significant increase in the amplitude of EPSPs immediately following paired-pulse stimulation (to 122.3±6.0% of baseline; F2,10=5.46,𝑃<.05; N–K, 𝑃<.05), but responses returned to baseline levels within 10 minutes and were at 94.8±7.1% of baseline levels after 30 minutes (N–K, 𝑃=0.50, Figure 2(b)). An increase in postsynaptic calcium is therefore required for induction of LTD in layer II neurons of the entorhinal cortex. 3.3. Protein Phosphatases The role of the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2b) in LTD in layer II neurons was tested using either pre-exposure to 250𝜇M cyclosporin A in the bathing medium [39], or by including 50𝜇M FK506 postsynaptically in the recording electrode solution. In cells pre-exposed to cyclosporin A, paired-pulse stimulation was followed by a depression in EPSP amplitude that reached 82.4±7.5% of baseline levels after 30 minutes (Figure 3(a)). Although the depression in the cyclosporin group was not statistically significant (F2,10=3.51,𝑃=0.07,𝑛=6), the depression obtained was also not significantly less than that observed in control ACSF (F1,11=3.79,𝑃=.08). The result was therefore ambiguous with respect to the role of calcineurin in LTD. To test the involvement of calcineurin more definitively and to avoid potential presynaptic effects, the calcineurin blocker FK506 was included in the recording electrode solution for additional groups of cells [40]. Responses in cells filled with FK506 showed a significant potentiation immediately following paired-pulse stimulation (𝑛=8), but there was no lasting change in response amplitudes in comparison to control cells filled with FK506 that did not receive conditioning stimulation (𝑛=7). Responses were increased to 134.9±10.5% of baseline levels immediately following paired-pulse stimulation, (F2,26=7.71,𝑃<.01; N–K, 𝑃<.001;𝑛=8) but returned to 102.2±6.1% of baseline levels after 30 minutes (Figure 3(b)). Figure 3: Long-term depression is dependent on activation of the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. Although LTD was only partially inhibited by pre-exposure to cyclosporin A, it was completely blocked when FK506 was included in the recording electrode solution. (a) Pre-exposure of slices to the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (250𝜇M) for 1.5 to 3 hours resulted in a partial block of LTD by repeated paired-pulse stimulation. The amount of LTD induced was smaller than in control ACSF and was close to statistical significance (𝑛=6,𝑃=.07). (b) Including the FK506 in the recording electrode solution to directly block postsynaptic calcineurin prevented the induction of LTD. Analysis of group responses showed a significant increase in responses during the baseline period, but responses in control cells indicate that this increase is transient and unlikely to have affected measurement of LTD. Inhibition of postsynaptic calcineurin therefore prevents induction of LTD in layer II cells of the entorhinal cortex. Inspection of averaged responses suggested that there was an initial increase in responses during the baseline period among cells filled with FK506, and comparison of responses recorded during the first and last minutes of the baseline period showed that the increase was significant (𝑡14=3.09,𝑃<.01). Interestingly, then, interfering with calcineurin function can lead to enhanced basal synaptic transmission in entorhinal neurons. This increase is not likely to have affected measures of LTD in conditioned cells, however, because control responses showed only a transient increase after which responses remained stable. Protein phosphatase 1 is thought to contribute directly to suppression of hippocampal EPSPs during LTD by dephosphorylation of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit. The involvement of PP1 to LTD in the entorhinal cortex was therefore tested by including okadaic acid in the recording electrode solution. In early experiments, a low concentration of 0.1𝜇M okadaic acid [41] did not block LTD induction, and responses were depressed to 72.7±8.7% of baseline levels at the end of the recording period (F2,24=4.65,𝑃<.05; N–K, 𝑃<.001;𝑛=8). However, increasing the concentration of okadaic acid to 1.0𝜇M [40] blocked the induction of LTD. There was a variable and nonsignificant reduction in responses immediately following conditioning stimulation (to 89.0±14.9% of baseline) and responses were also near baseline levels after 30 minutes (96.0±6.6% of baseline 30; F2,22=0.18,𝑃=.84;𝑛=7; Figure 4). Activation of PP1 is therefore likely to contribute to mechanisms of LTD in the entorhinal cortex. Figure 4: The induction of LTD was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by including okadaic acid in the recording electrode solution to block activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). (a) and (b) A low concentration of 0.1𝜇M okadaic acid failed to block LTD induction, but raising the concentration to 1.0𝜇M resulted in a block of LTD induction (compare traces in A1 versus A2). Responses in control cells filled with 1.0𝜇M okadaic acid that did not receive conditioning stimulation remained stable. The block of LTD by okadaic acid suggests that activation of PP1 mediates LTD in the entorhinal cortex. 4. Discussion The current paper has used prolonged repetitive paired-pulse stimulation to induce LTD in layer I inputs to layer II neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex and has determined the early postsynaptic signals that mediate LTD in these cells. Consistent with previous observations, the LTD observed here was obtained in both putatively identified stellate [28] and pyramidal [44] cells. The induction of LTD was blocked by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist APV, and by the calcium chelator BAPTA, indicating that calcium influx via NMDA receptors is required for LTD. The induction of LTD was also blocked by the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, and by okadaic acid which blocks activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a. Calcineurin is required for LTD of deep layer inputs to layer II stellate cells [28], and calcineurin-dependent activation of PP1 contributes to NMDA receptor-dependent LTD of AMPA responses in the hippocampus [2, 4]. The dependence of LTD in the entorhinal cortex on activation of NMDA receptors has been a consistent finding in vivo and in slices. It has been observed following stimulation protocols including 1 Hz trains, pairing of presynaptic stimulation at 0.33 Hz with postsynaptic depolarization [28], repeated paired-pulse stimulation [18, 33], and spike-timing-dependent induction of LTD [44]. Long-term depression was blocked by including the calcium chelator BAPTA in the recording electrode solution (Figure 2) [28], and this is consistent with calcium influx via NMDA receptors as a critical trigger for entorhinal LTD. Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and release of calcium from intracellular stores can contribute to LTD in the hippocampus [2, 36, 37, 45], but activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors is not required for entorhinal LTD [18, 28]. Calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels can contribute to spike-timing-dependent LTD in the entorhinal cortex, however. Cells with broadened action potentials that result in larger calcium transients show greater NMDA receptor-dependent spike-timing-dependent LTD in layer II-III cells [44]. Calcium influx through voltage-gated channels also mediates bidirectional spike-timing-dependent plasticity of inhibitory synapses in entorhinal cortex [46]. A form of long-term depression on layer V-VI neurons, expressed presynaptically through reduced transmitter release, is also dependent on activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels [33]. Calcium signalling mediated by voltage-gated channels therefore plays a number of roles in modulating synaptic plasticity in the entorhinal cortex. The contribution of the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin to LTD was tested by incubating slices in cyclosporin A or by including FK506 in the recording electrode solution. Cyclosporin A appeared to cause a partial block of LTD, and responses were reduced to 82.4% of baseline as compared to 58.6% in untreated cells (compare Figures 1(c) and 3(a)), but the sizes of these LTD effects were not statistically different. We obtained a more conclusive result with FK506, however, and LTD was completely blocked by including FK506 in the recording electrode solution. Including FK506 in the bathing medium has been used to block calcineurin-dependent depression effects in entorhinal cortex [28], and in excitatory [47] and inhibitory [48] synapses of the CA1 region. Here, we have loaded FK506 into the recording electrode solution to avoid possible presynaptic effects of the drug and to ensure that FK506 could act on calcineurin [39, 40, 49, 50]. The block of LTD by FK506 indicates that LTD is dependent on calcineurin, and this suggests that cyclosporin A resulted in only a partial block of calcineurin activity. Calcineurin is thought to mediate expression of LTD in part by dephosphorylating inhibitor 1 and thereby increasing the activity of PP1 [2, 4, 39]. The PP1/PP2a inhibitor okadaic acid blocks LTD in the CA1 region [38, 40], and we have shown here that the induction of LTD in the entorhinal cortex was blocked by including okadaic acid in the recording electrode solution. This is the first report of LTD in the entorhinal cortex dependent on PP1/PP2a. Protein phosphatases can regulate synaptic function through a variety of mechanisms [51] that include dephosphorylation of the ser-845 residue on the AMPA GluR1 subunit, and LTD in the entorhinal cortex may be expressed partly through this mechanism. In addition, the work of Deng and Lei [28] has found entorhinal LTD to be associated with a reduction in the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, with no change in AMPA receptor conductance, and has shown that this effect is dependent on proteosomes that degrade AMPA receptors internalized through ubiquitinization. As in the hippocampus, therefore, entorhinal LTD can be expressed through mechanisms involving trafficking of AMPA receptors [52]. Long-term depression was induced here using strong repetitive paired-pulse stimulation which we have used previously to induce LTD in the entorhinal cortex in vivo and in slices ([17, 18], see also [33, 34]). LTD was induced following 15 minutes, but not 7.5 minutes of paired-pulse stimulation; this is consistent with a requirement for prolonged activation of calcium-dependent signalling mechanisms, and is also consistent with the possibility that NMDA receptor-dependent metaplastic changes early in the train may promote LTD induced by stimuli that occurred later in the 15-minute duration trains [53]. We previously found 1 Hz stimulation to be ineffective in vivo and in slices from Long-Evans rats [17, 18], but deep layer inputs to stellate neurons in slices from 2 to 3 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats express NMDA receptor-dependent LTD following 15 minutes of 1 Hz stimulation, or following low-frequency stimulation paired with postsynaptic depolarization [28]. Thus, there may be developmental, strain-related, or pathway-specific factors that affect the ability of 1 Hz stimulation to activate these signalling mechanisms. The entorhinal cortex is embedded within the temporal lobe through an extensive array of anatomical connections [7] and has been linked behaviorally to a variety of sensory and cognitive functions (e.g., [9, 10]). Lasting synaptic plasticity in the entorhinal cortex is therefore likely to serve a variety of functions depending on the synaptic pathways involved. Synaptic depression effects are generally thought to complement synaptic potentiation during the formation of memory [45, 54–56], and it is possible that depression effects contribute to short and/or long-term memory processing. However, the laminar architecture of the entorhinal cortex, with superficial layers mediating much of the cortical input to the hippocampal formation, suggests that long-term depression of synaptic transmission in layer II may lead to long-term reductions in the salience of particular elements or patterns of cortical input and may thus lead to lasting changes in the multimodal inputs processed by the hippocampal formation. Similarly, the general resistance of the entorhinal cortex to induction of LTD could serve to maintain relatively stable information processing and integration of multimodal sensory inputs within the medial entorhinal cortex. Acknowledgments This research was funded by grants to C. A. Chapman from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and by a postdoctoral fellowship to S.K. from Fondation Fyssen (France). C.A. 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Divesting Of Kruger’s Cash (Updated) Freshman Sen. David Carlucci, one of 17 Senate Democrats who received campaign contributions from Sen. Carl Kruger during the 2010 election cycle, is getting rid of that money after learning of the federal corruption charges lodged against his colleague earlier today. “It is unfortunate that these types of allegations have clouded the legislature, tainting the hard working men and women who work diligently and honorably to serve their constituents,” Carlucci said in a statement. “I ran on a platform of ethics reform and these unsavory allegations are just another example of why ethics reform in Albany needs to be addressed immediately. The people of New York deserve better. In light of these allegations, I will be donating the $5,000 given to me during my campaign from Senator Kruger to a charitable organization in my district.” All told, Kruger, a prodigious fundraiser who had close to $1.9 million in his campaign committee, “Friends of Carl,” as of Jan. 15, doled out $49,000 to fellow senators this cycle, according to campaign finance records on file at the state Board of Elections. He also gave $450,000 to the DSCC. Sen. Gustavo Rivera, who received $2,500 from Kruger, was the first lawmaker to announce he would divest himself of the scandal-scarred Brooklyn lawmaker’s contributions. Now, apparently, all four of the Independent Democratic Conference members – Carlucci, Diane Savino, Jeff Klein, and Dave Valesky – are following suit. UPDATE: DSCC spokesman Josh Cherwin says: “We will not be returning these funds, which were contributed during a previous election cycle and already spent.” “This is yet another sad day for New York residents who rightfully expect integrity and accountability from their elected officials.” “During the last election cycle, Senator Kruger’s campaign committee contributed a combined total of $8,000 to Independent Democratic Conference members. We decided to donate that amount to charitable organizations in our communities. We believe this to be the best use for this money.”

Holiday Punch — Plus a Cozy Fire Charles Dickens gave us so much. Including this. In A Christmas Carol,when Ebenezer Scrooge is presented with the Ghost of Christmas Present, he finds the "jolly Giant" sitting in state on an enormous heap of roast meats and other traditional English Christmas delicacies and flanked by "seething bowls of punch that made the chamber dim with their delicious steam." Charles Dickens knew all about delicious steam. He was a committed English traditionalist in his drinking. He didn't drink the international celebrity's customary champagne, champagne, and more champagne or the trendy drinks of his day — gin cocktails, claret cups, brandy smashes, or the like. Rather, his greatest affinity was for a drink that was fading faster and faster into the past by the time he came into fame. From 1700 to 1830, give or take a couple years on each end, the preeminent English social drink was the bowl of punch, a large-bore mixture of spirits (usually rum and cognac), citrus juice, sugar, water, and spice that was guaranteed to unite any gathering in jollity and boozy good cheer. But with the industrialization, commercialization, and urbanization of day-to-day life that the Victorian years brought, the convivial ritual of clustering around the flowing bowl became as quaint and outmoded as the tricorn hat. Dickens, however, not only bucked the trend but made a whole performance out of bucking it. When he was among friends, it was his custom to brew up a bowl of punch, complete with a running disquisition on the techniques he was using and the ingredients he was deploying, thus adding instruction to delight (as one of his characters might say). Fortunately, in 1847, he wrote the whole procedure out for a friend's wife. It's not hard to follow, and there's no better way to get a holiday party started than by getting everybody involved in draining a bowl of punch. All it takes is a little preparation in advance, a willingness to hold forth a bit in front of your guests, and a high enough ceiling that you won't burn your house down. Dickens was never afraid to employ cheap sensationalism if it would help him get over, and there's nothing more sensational for selling a drink than setting it on fire. Here's our interpretation. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below Charles Dickens's Punch Ritual For 12 to 16 people Step 1: Three hours before your party, peel 3 lemons with a swivel-bladed vegetable peeler, trying to end up with three long spirals of peel. Put them in a 3- or 4-quart fireproof bowl with 3/4 cup demerara sugar or other raw sugar. Muddle the peels and the sugar together and let sit. Talking Points: One of the secrets of punch making is to use the fragrant, sweet oil that resides in lemon peels as the sugar extract. The resulting sugar-oil mix ("oleo-saccharum") adds body to the punch. Talking Points: The cognac is for body and smoothness, the strong rum for bouquet and (frankly) flammability, and the other rum for taming the strong one. Step 3: Set 1 quart water to boil and put the bowl containing the lemon peels and sugar on a wooden cutting board or other heat-resistant surface in a spot where everyone can gather around. When the water boils, turn it off, gather your guests around the bowl, and pour in the cognac and rum, noting what you're adding and why. Step 4: With a long-handled barspoon, remove a spoonful of the rum-cognac mixture and set it on fire. Return it to the bowl, using it to ignite the rest. Stir with a ladle or long-handled spoon, attempting to dissolve the sugar. Let burn for 2 or 3 minutes, occasionally lifting one of the lemon peels up so people can admire the flames running down it. Talking Points: You're setting the punch alight not because it looks cool but to burn off some of the more volatile elements of the alcohol. That's the story, anyway. Step 5: Extinguish the flames by covering the bowl with a tray, and add the reserved lemon juice and the boiling water. (For cold punch, add 3 cups cold water, stir, and slide in a 1-quart block of ice, easily made by freezing a quart bowl of water for 24 hours.) Step 6: Grate fresh nutmeg over the top and ladle out in 3-oz servings. A Part of Hearst Digital Media Esquire participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites.

Go back to /usr/src/vdr-1.2.5 and run runvdr.remote. If you use Red Hat, set the environment variable LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1, because VDR doesn't yet work with the native posix layer that Red Hat introduced in the latest version. The modules for the DVB card then are loaded, and the VDR is started. Hook up your TV, and you should see a black screen prompting you to define the keys on your remote. After finishing the wizard, you're ready to watch TV, record shows and remove commercials. You can listen to your MP3s and watch videos. There's a manual in VDR's root that explains how to record and edit TV events, using the time-shift feature. Back It Up In case you're disappointed that the end of the article is within reach, don't worry; there still are some optional things you can do. The automatic backup feature has some limitations. Although the (S)VCD backup works flawlessly, the DivX encoding does not crop the picture to remove black bands, should they exist. This has quite a negative impact on bit rate, size and overall picture quality. If you really want a high-quality, small-size MPEG-4, you should back it up manually. The improved picture quality is well worth the trouble. Figure 3. The information bar shows the program name, running TV show and what's on next. VDR splits its recordings into 2GB files, which is a bit inconvenient for transcoding the videos. If you go for manual conversion, which gives you finer control over the quality/size aspect, mencoder or transcode are good options. Use the speedy mencoder, which I found to be perfect for backups to MPEG-4, or transcode, which comes with a lot of tools. If you favor the I-don't-want-to-care approach, get a hold of VDRCONVERT. The README file offers a pretty simple approach to installing it, and at least you can watch some TV while downloading and compiling. With VDRCONVERT you have to change some scripts and configuration files to adapt the DVD/(S)VCD resolutions to NTSC, in case PAL is not used where you live. It's too bad that a Linux PVR doesn't make the TV programs themselves any better, but I guess you can't have everything, can you? Christian A. Herzog is a programmer focused on Web development using open-source technologies. He's still on his never-ending quest to bring a Linux-based device to every home and company he comes across. Write him at noeffred@gmx.net. Comment viewing options I was wonder if you could also include a connection diagram . I was looking at the nexus-s card and didn't see a TV out, just a loop connection is this the connection used for the TV. Or are using additional card to get the TV output?

package x509util import ( "crypto/rand" "crypto/rsa" "crypto/x509" "crypto/x509/pkix" "testing" ) func TestCreateCertificateRequest(t *testing.T) { r := rand.Reader priv, err := rsa.GenerateKey(r, 1024) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } template := CertificateRequest{ CertificateRequest: x509.CertificateRequest{ Subject: pkix.Name{ CommonName: "test.acme.co", Country: []string{"US"}, }, }, ChallengePassword: "foobar", } derBytes, err := CreateCertificateRequest(r, &template, priv) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } out, err := x509.ParseCertificateRequest(derBytes) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to create certificate request: %s", err) } if err := out.CheckSignature(); err != nil { t.Errorf("failed to check certificate request signature: %s", err) } challenge, err := ParseChallengePassword(derBytes) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to parse challengePassword attribute: %s", err) } if have, want := challenge, template.ChallengePassword; have != want { t.Errorf("have %s, want %s", have, want) } }

MacEwan International MacEwan International promotes an internationally informed and cross-culturally sensitive learning environment. Our vision is to be a leader in internationalization, preparing all students, as well as faculty and staff, to succeed in and contribute to a global society and economy as members of an interconnected world community.

Robinsons ready to roll Twins Tyrell and Tyree Robinson making their marks in football, basketball A quick look at twin brothers Tyree and Tyrell Robinson (San Diego/Lincoln) reveals one big misconception: They're not identical. Tyree, older by two minutes, is taller by a full inch and likes to distinguish himself by wearing headbands. Tyrell is bulkier and less flashy with his wardrobe choices. And when the dual-sport athletes take the football field, their differences continue to stack up.

// Copyright 2000-2020 JetBrains s.r.o. Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package com.intellij.openapi.vcs.impl import com.intellij.ProjectTopics import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager import com.intellij.openapi.components.service import com.intellij.openapi.extensions.ExtensionNotApplicableException import com.intellij.openapi.module.Module import com.intellij.openapi.module.ModuleManager import com.intellij.openapi.project.ModuleListener import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project import com.intellij.openapi.project.rootManager import com.intellij.openapi.roots.ModuleRootEvent import com.intellij.openapi.roots.ModuleRootListener import com.intellij.openapi.startup.StartupActivity import com.intellij.openapi.vcs.AbstractVcs import com.intellij.openapi.vcs.ProjectLevelVcsManager import com.intellij.openapi.vcs.VcsDirectoryMapping import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.VirtualFile internal class ModuleVcsDetector(private val project: Project) { private val vcsManager by lazy(LazyThreadSafetyMode.NONE) { (ProjectLevelVcsManager.getInstance(project) as ProjectLevelVcsManagerImpl) } internal class MyPostStartUpActivity : StartupActivity.DumbAware { init { if (ApplicationManager.getApplication().isUnitTestMode) { throw ExtensionNotApplicableException.INSTANCE } } override fun runActivity(project: Project) { val vcsDetector = project.service<ModuleVcsDetector>() val listener = vcsDetector.MyModulesListener() val busConnection = project.messageBus.connect() busConnection.subscribe(ProjectTopics.MODULES, listener) busConnection.subscribe(ProjectTopics.PROJECT_ROOTS, listener) if (vcsDetector.vcsManager.needAutodetectMappings()) { vcsDetector.autoDetectVcsMappings(true) } } } private inner class MyModulesListener : ModuleRootListener, ModuleListener { private val myMappingsForRemovedModules: MutableList<VcsDirectoryMapping> = mutableListOf() override fun beforeRootsChange(event: ModuleRootEvent) { myMappingsForRemovedModules.clear() } override fun rootsChanged(event: ModuleRootEvent) { myMappingsForRemovedModules.forEach { mapping -> vcsManager.removeDirectoryMapping(mapping) } // the check calculates to true only before user has done any change to mappings, i.e. in case modules are detected/added automatically // on start etc (look inside) if (vcsManager.needAutodetectMappings()) { autoDetectVcsMappings(false) } } override fun moduleAdded(project: Project, module: Module) { myMappingsForRemovedModules.removeAll(getMappings(module)) autoDetectModuleVcsMapping(module) } override fun beforeModuleRemoved(project: Project, module: Module) { myMappingsForRemovedModules.addAll(getMappings(module)) } } private fun autoDetectVcsMappings(tryMapPieces: Boolean) { if (vcsManager.haveDefaultMapping() != null) return val usedVcses = mutableSetOf<AbstractVcs?>() val detectedRoots = mutableSetOf<Pair<VirtualFile, AbstractVcs>>() val roots = ModuleManager.getInstance(project).modules.flatMap { it.rootManager.contentRoots.asIterable() }.distinct() for (root in roots) { val moduleVcs = vcsManager.findVersioningVcs(root) if (moduleVcs != null) { detectedRoots.add(Pair(root, moduleVcs)) } usedVcses.add(moduleVcs) // put 'null' for unmapped module } val commonVcs = usedVcses.singleOrNull() if (commonVcs != null) { // Remove existing mappings that will duplicate added <Project> mapping. val rootPaths = roots.map { it.path }.toSet() val additionalMappings = vcsManager.directoryMappings.filter { it.directory !in rootPaths } vcsManager.setAutoDirectoryMappings(additionalMappings + VcsDirectoryMapping.createDefault(commonVcs.name)) } else if (tryMapPieces) { val newMappings = detectedRoots.map { (root, vcs) -> VcsDirectoryMapping(root.path, vcs.name) } vcsManager.setAutoDirectoryMappings(vcsManager.directoryMappings + newMappings) } } private fun autoDetectModuleVcsMapping(module: Module) { if (vcsManager.haveDefaultMapping() != null) return val newMappings = mutableListOf<VcsDirectoryMapping>() for (file in module.rootManager.contentRoots) { val vcs = vcsManager.findVersioningVcs(file) if (vcs != null && vcs !== vcsManager.getVcsFor(file)) { newMappings.add(VcsDirectoryMapping(file.path, vcs.name)) } } if (newMappings.isNotEmpty()) { vcsManager.setAutoDirectoryMappings(vcsManager.directoryMappings + newMappings) } } private fun getMappings(module: Module): List<VcsDirectoryMapping> { return module.rootManager.contentRoots .mapNotNull { root -> vcsManager.directoryMappings.firstOrNull { it.directory == root.path } } } }