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[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "Class 156 SuperSprinter units from 1988. From this time, the service operated hourly between Birmingham New Street and with alternate services continuing to ( from 1991) or . Central Trains operated the route from privatisation, and for operational convenience combined services on the route either side of Birmingham New Street, which created through services such as and to Cambridge and Stansted Airport and to Stansted Airport, although these were subsequently cut back - services to Aberystwyth ceased in 2001, although a few services continued to terminate at until 2004, whilst Liverpool was removed in 2003 to improve performance. The service", "relocated after the war to Rawdon, Nova Scotia, Canada, with support from the Crown for resettlement. The Kinard House, Moore-Kinard House, Ninety Six National Historic Site, and Southern Railway Depot (Ninety Six, South Carolina) are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,936 people, 820 households, and 560 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,325.1 people per square mile (512.0/km²). There were 904 housing units at an average density of 618.7 per square mile (239.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 76.50% White, 22.73% Black, 0.15% Native", "and train tickets as Stamford (Lincs) to distinguish it from either Stamford Hill station in London or Stanford-le-Hope station in Essex. The station building is a fine stone structure in Mock Tudor style, influenced by the nearby Burghley House, and designed by Sancton Wood. From Stamford there is generally an hourly service (operated by CrossCountry) each day towards Leicester and Birmingham New Street westbound and Peterborough, Cambridge and Stansted Airport eastbound as well as additional PM peak hour services. Services westbound to Birmingham go via Oakham, Melton Mowbray, Leicester, Narborough, Hinckley, Nuneaton and Coleshill. Services eastbound to Stansted Airport or", "people per square mile (13.9/km²). There were 872 housing units at an average density of 32.6/sq mi (12.6/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.65% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 379 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made", "and to State Route 87. This extension may eventually be brought all the way around to the existing Capitol station, with an intermediate connection to Caltrain. On October 4, 2010, the VTA has introduced a new Commuter Express light rail service on this line, currently operating between Baypointe and Santa Teresa stations. The service operates three trips each in the morning (to Baypointe) and in the afternoon (to Santa Teresa) that calls at all stops, and it operates nonstop between Convention Center and Ohlone/Chynoweth stations. It offers free WiFi access on all trains on this service. Transfer to Mountain View–Winchester" ]

[ "away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco. The shutdown caught the attention of Leland Yee and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in several articles and comments. Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, added that, BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk. Members of Anonymous broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website. On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco. The", "Inc. in San Francisco. He was a member of the board of Twin Pines Federal Savings & Loan in Berkeley and served on the Marin County Redevelopment Agency. He consulted with the Organization of American States on housing in the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago. He served as chief consultant to President Jimmy Carter's transition team on housing and development, often served as a consultant to his old agency, and occasionally represented other firms in their dealings with the agency. Bob, born August 29, 1909, was the second of four notable sons of Willis N. and Roberta Pitts, of Macon", "searching for and auditioning bassists, Bart decided to opt for an already established name. In 2003, Bart emailed Steve Di Giorgio asking, Would you be interested in doing session work in Canada? Steve agreed and Bart sent him info on the band and their music. After Steve finished his tour with Testament, he met with Bart for the first time in the Montreal Airport. For vocals, Quo Vadis recruited Stéphane Paré to replace Arie. Bart praised his vocals, saying, In any case, the most important issue was to fix the weak delivery of vocals live. And that's been addressed when", "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "located in Parking Garage G of the International Terminal, is the only direct rail link between the airport, the city of San Francisco, and the general Bay Area. The SFO station is served by the Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line. BART is SFO's connection to Caltrain at the Millbrae Station, which requires a transfer at the San Bruno station during most of BART's weekday operating hours; direct BART service between SFO and Millbrae is available on weekday evenings, weekends, and holidays. Caltrain used to offer a free shuttle to SFO airport from the Millbrae station, but it was replaced by BART service when", "reservations, and ground-crew arrangements to the CIA. According to the article, an unnamed former employee quoted Bob Overby, Jeppesen's managing director, as saying at a meeting, We do all of the extraordinary renditions flights—you know, the torture flights. ... Let's face it, some of those flights end up that way... It certainly pays well. On November 16, 2006, Amnesty International staged a demonstration in front of the company's International Trip and Flight Planning Office in San Jose, California to protest their involvement in the rendition program. In December 2006 representatives of the South Bay Mobilization for Peace and Justice group", "on a routing pattern that has Pittsburg/Bay Point trains running to SFO at all times. During peak times Mondays through Fridays, Richmond trains run directly to Millbrae without stopping at SFO. During off-peak hours (nights and weekends), Pittsburg/Bay Point trains serve both SFO and Millbrae sequentially. Passengers on the Fremont, Richmond, and Dublin/Pleasanton lines must make a transfer to the Pittsburg/Bay Point line to reach the airport. In addition, the cessation of direct BART service between Millbrae and SFO during weekday peak hours requires Caltrain passengers wanting to travel to the airport from Millbrae to travel to San Bruno Station" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "it. I guess sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and this one was Yanic's. For sure on my end I will miss him on stage and working with him because he's been like a brother to me for 15 years and we've been through so much together. At the same show, Bart's right knee, which had both ligaments torn away in a sports injury, gave in completely and he supported his entire weight on his left knee for the rest of the show. However, this was to no avail as eventually Rob The Witch from Necronomicon and Stephane from", "Bart van Leeuwen Bart van Leeuwen (Amsterdam, 5 February 1950 — June 2017) was a Dutch photographer and author. He published his first pictures in 1967, graduated from the School for Professional Photography in The Hague in 1969 and started to work as a freelance photographer in 1971. Inspired by film noir, Italian neorealism and photographers like Avedon, Brassaï, Frank, Kertész, Lartigue, Newton and Penn he developed a narrative, cinematographic style, linking facts and fiction. He published Nabelichting, an autobiographical novel, in 2012, and Niets is Echt, a book about photography and reality, in 2015. Due to a neuromuscular disorder", "fiscal year 2017, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. , it is being expanded to San Jose with the Silicon Valley BART extensions. Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across the lower deck of the Bay Bridge, but the", "Utah. It is a 12-room luxury bed-and-breakfast with a lake, 35-foot waterfall, acres of gardens, and fly fishing. According to a 2008 website article WorkHomeYou.com, Redbook determined it to be one of the four most romantic in the country. It is closed until 2024. Bart Johnson Barton Robert Bart Johnson (born December 13, 1970), is an American actor, best known for his role as Coach Jack Bolton in the High School Musical film series. He had a recurring role as Beau Berkhalter in The Client List on Lifetime. Johnson was born in Hollywood, California, the eldest of three sons. His", "Bartini T-117 The Bartini T-117, was a twin-engined cargo aircraft designed by Robert Ludvigovich Bartini in the USSR from 1944-1948. From 1944 to 1948 Bartini devoted much effort to the development of the T-117 heavy transport aircraft. Work on the project started whilst Bartini was working at TsKB 29 NKVD as a detainee. Initially designated P-7, the aircraft, designed in both passenger and cargo versions, was a high-wing monoplane with triple vertical tails powered by two Shvetsov ASh-73 18-cylinder radial engines, with take-off rating of . A peculiarity of the project was the fuselage of elliptical cross-section with the larger" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "it. I guess sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and this one was Yanic's. For sure on my end I will miss him on stage and working with him because he's been like a brother to me for 15 years and we've been through so much together. At the same show, Bart's right knee, which had both ligaments torn away in a sports injury, gave in completely and he supported his entire weight on his left knee for the rest of the show. However, this was to no avail as eventually Rob The Witch from Necronomicon and Stephane from", "Bart van Leeuwen Bart van Leeuwen (Amsterdam, 5 February 1950 — June 2017) was a Dutch photographer and author. He published his first pictures in 1967, graduated from the School for Professional Photography in The Hague in 1969 and started to work as a freelance photographer in 1971. Inspired by film noir, Italian neorealism and photographers like Avedon, Brassaï, Frank, Kertész, Lartigue, Newton and Penn he developed a narrative, cinematographic style, linking facts and fiction. He published Nabelichting, an autobiographical novel, in 2012, and Niets is Echt, a book about photography and reality, in 2015. Due to a neuromuscular disorder", "vertical blade sign above the marquee. It was also known as the West Coast Oakland. The Oakland became the 251st theater to open in the West Coast Theater chain. Opening day was October 27, 1928, after two years of construction. The opening celebration was highly anticipated by the Bay Area residents, as the theater's 3,200 seats made it the largest in Oakland, more than the nearby Orpheum Theatre in San Francisco which held 2,561, and more than the new 1,075-seat Dufwin which had opened three weeks earlier. The first film shown at the Oakland was Fox's The Air Circus, an", "fiscal year 2017, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. , it is being expanded to San Jose with the Silicon Valley BART extensions. Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across the lower deck of the Bay Bridge, but the", "Utah. It is a 12-room luxury bed-and-breakfast with a lake, 35-foot waterfall, acres of gardens, and fly fishing. According to a 2008 website article WorkHomeYou.com, Redbook determined it to be one of the four most romantic in the country. It is closed until 2024. Bart Johnson Barton Robert Bart Johnson (born December 13, 1970), is an American actor, best known for his role as Coach Jack Bolton in the High School Musical film series. He had a recurring role as Beau Berkhalter in The Client List on Lifetime. Johnson was born in Hollywood, California, the eldest of three sons. His" ]

[ "away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco. The shutdown caught the attention of Leland Yee and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in several articles and comments. Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, added that, BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk. Members of Anonymous broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website. On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco. The", "Inc. in San Francisco. He was a member of the board of Twin Pines Federal Savings & Loan in Berkeley and served on the Marin County Redevelopment Agency. He consulted with the Organization of American States on housing in the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago. He served as chief consultant to President Jimmy Carter's transition team on housing and development, often served as a consultant to his old agency, and occasionally represented other firms in their dealings with the agency. Bob, born August 29, 1909, was the second of four notable sons of Willis N. and Roberta Pitts, of Macon", "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "Through trains from Glasgow were run, and in both World Wars military use was made of the line. Local passenger services were discontinued in 1930, but the link at the Girvan end to Turnberry survived for a short period; at the Ayr end a holiday camp was in use, receiving holidaymakers by train to Heads of Ayr until 1968. In the earliest days, railways did not have continuous brakes (in which brakes on all or most vehicles in a train could be controlled by the driver). Over the course of time, accidents created pressure for their provision on passenger trains,", "its primary before February 5, 2008, Michigan has violated Democratic Party rules and their delegates may not be seated at the nominating convention. <br> See also Nevada winner: Hillary Clinton<br> Primary date: January 19, 2008<br> Delegates At Stake 25<br> Delegates Won Barack Obama-13 Hillary Clinton-12 <br> See also South Carolina winner: Barack Obama<br> Primary date: January 26, 2008<br> Delegates At Stake 45<br> Delegates Won Barack Obama-25 Hillary Clinton-12 John Edwards-8 <br> See also Florida winner: Hillary Clinton<br> Primary date: January 29, 2008<br> Delegates At Stake 0<br> Delegates Won 0 <br>Note: In moving its primary before February 5, 2008, Florida has", "located in Parking Garage G of the International Terminal, is the only direct rail link between the airport, the city of San Francisco, and the general Bay Area. The SFO station is served by the Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line. BART is SFO's connection to Caltrain at the Millbrae Station, which requires a transfer at the San Bruno station during most of BART's weekday operating hours; direct BART service between SFO and Millbrae is available on weekday evenings, weekends, and holidays. Caltrain used to offer a free shuttle to SFO airport from the Millbrae station, but it was replaced by BART service when", "from the station building gives access to the island platform and, beyond, to the side platform but a level crossing is also available. The station building houses a waiting room and a JR ticket window (without a Midori no Madoguchi facility). Parking is available at the station forecourt. Itano Station The station is served by the JR Shikoku Kōtoku Line and is located 58.0 km from the beginning of the line at Takamatsu. Besides local services, the Uzushio limited express between , and also stops at the station. The station consists of an island and a side platform serving three" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "Class 156 SuperSprinter units from 1988. From this time, the service operated hourly between Birmingham New Street and with alternate services continuing to ( from 1991) or . Central Trains operated the route from privatisation, and for operational convenience combined services on the route either side of Birmingham New Street, which created through services such as and to Cambridge and Stansted Airport and to Stansted Airport, although these were subsequently cut back - services to Aberystwyth ceased in 2001, although a few services continued to terminate at until 2004, whilst Liverpool was removed in 2003 to improve performance. The service", "Line with links to Sheffield, Leicester and London St Pancras. Typical travel times in minutes by road (peak times in italics) are: central London 75 (110), Birmingham 45 (60), Manchester 120 (175), Leicester 50 (65), Oxford 50 (60), Cambridge 85 (130), Milton Keynes 20 (30). Travel times (peak) by rail (from April 2008) by West Midlands Trains - as well as Virgin Trains services in minutes are: from Northampton to Central London (Euston) 55, to Birmingham 65; from Milton Keynes to Central London 40 and Manchester 120. Airports at Heathrow, Gatwick, and Stansted as well as Birmingham Airport, Luton and", "American, 0.05% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population. There were 820 households out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.90. In the", "White, 0.56% Asian, 0.56% Pacific Islander, and 1.13% from two or more races. There were 75 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.78. In the town, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of", "(74.8/km²). There were 29 housing units at an average density of 91.3 per square mile (35.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.55% White, and 6.45% from two or more races. There were 23 households out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "it. I guess sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and this one was Yanic's. For sure on my end I will miss him on stage and working with him because he's been like a brother to me for 15 years and we've been through so much together. At the same show, Bart's right knee, which had both ligaments torn away in a sports injury, gave in completely and he supported his entire weight on his left knee for the rest of the show. However, this was to no avail as eventually Rob The Witch from Necronomicon and Stephane from", "Bart van Leeuwen Bart van Leeuwen (Amsterdam, 5 February 1950 — June 2017) was a Dutch photographer and author. He published his first pictures in 1967, graduated from the School for Professional Photography in The Hague in 1969 and started to work as a freelance photographer in 1971. Inspired by film noir, Italian neorealism and photographers like Avedon, Brassaï, Frank, Kertész, Lartigue, Newton and Penn he developed a narrative, cinematographic style, linking facts and fiction. He published Nabelichting, an autobiographical novel, in 2012, and Niets is Echt, a book about photography and reality, in 2015. Due to a neuromuscular disorder", "Utah. It is a 12-room luxury bed-and-breakfast with a lake, 35-foot waterfall, acres of gardens, and fly fishing. According to a 2008 website article WorkHomeYou.com, Redbook determined it to be one of the four most romantic in the country. It is closed until 2024. Bart Johnson Barton Robert Bart Johnson (born December 13, 1970), is an American actor, best known for his role as Coach Jack Bolton in the High School Musical film series. He had a recurring role as Beau Berkhalter in The Client List on Lifetime. Johnson was born in Hollywood, California, the eldest of three sons. His", "Bartini T-117 The Bartini T-117, was a twin-engined cargo aircraft designed by Robert Ludvigovich Bartini in the USSR from 1944-1948. From 1944 to 1948 Bartini devoted much effort to the development of the T-117 heavy transport aircraft. Work on the project started whilst Bartini was working at TsKB 29 NKVD as a detainee. Initially designated P-7, the aircraft, designed in both passenger and cargo versions, was a high-wing monoplane with triple vertical tails powered by two Shvetsov ASh-73 18-cylinder radial engines, with take-off rating of . A peculiarity of the project was the fuselage of elliptical cross-section with the larger", "Gone Global. He is in the development stages of another film, Multiverse, which is being dubbed as the sequel to his successful film Spirit Space. He is an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served a two-year mission in Salvador, Brazil from 1990–1992. Barty currently resides in La Crescenta, California with his wife Michelle and sons Jonah and Ashton. He is fluent in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and studied Hebrew. Braden Barty Braden Barty (born July 24, 1970) is an American director, and producer, whose work includes most notably Far Away Eyes, Spirit Space (2008)", "her publishing, recording, touring, and media career. This eventually led to a notable use of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution to secure her release from contracts, and ownership of all artistic materials, and the founding of a pioneering artist-owned multi-faceted music business operation. Bart Bull Bart Bull is an American writer, reporter, author, columnist, and critic. Born in Seattle, Washington, Bull grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. He dropped out of high school to write a novel, and then returned briefly, leaving again without graduating. Bull was the editor of Sounds, a free monthly Phoenix-based music newspaper, in", "together. He is married to actress Robyn Lively, sister of actresses Blake Lively and Lori Lively and actors Eric Lively, Jason Lively. Bart and Robyn have three children: daughter Kate and sons Baylen and Wyatt Blake. Bart is a surfing enthusiast and loves playing a variety of sports. In 1999 he received his pilot's license. Johnson is probably best known for his role in the High School Musical TV movies. He plays the coach of the East High School basketball team, which features the coach's son, star player Troy Bolton (played by Zac Efron). Johnson acts on the TV series" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "(74.8/km²). There were 29 housing units at an average density of 91.3 per square mile (35.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.55% White, and 6.45% from two or more races. There were 23 households out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the", "Native American, 0.38% from other races, and 0.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population. There were 331 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city,", "Class 156 SuperSprinter units from 1988. From this time, the service operated hourly between Birmingham New Street and with alternate services continuing to ( from 1991) or . Central Trains operated the route from privatisation, and for operational convenience combined services on the route either side of Birmingham New Street, which created through services such as and to Cambridge and Stansted Airport and to Stansted Airport, although these were subsequently cut back - services to Aberystwyth ceased in 2001, although a few services continued to terminate at until 2004, whilst Liverpool was removed in 2003 to improve performance. The service", "0.37% Black or African American. 0.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 107 households out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city the population was spread out with 20.4% under", "other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population. There were 3,791 households out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 21.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.91. In the city, the population was spread" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "it. I guess sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and this one was Yanic's. For sure on my end I will miss him on stage and working with him because he's been like a brother to me for 15 years and we've been through so much together. At the same show, Bart's right knee, which had both ligaments torn away in a sports injury, gave in completely and he supported his entire weight on his left knee for the rest of the show. However, this was to no avail as eventually Rob The Witch from Necronomicon and Stephane from", "Bart van Leeuwen Bart van Leeuwen (Amsterdam, 5 February 1950 — June 2017) was a Dutch photographer and author. He published his first pictures in 1967, graduated from the School for Professional Photography in The Hague in 1969 and started to work as a freelance photographer in 1971. Inspired by film noir, Italian neorealism and photographers like Avedon, Brassaï, Frank, Kertész, Lartigue, Newton and Penn he developed a narrative, cinematographic style, linking facts and fiction. He published Nabelichting, an autobiographical novel, in 2012, and Niets is Echt, a book about photography and reality, in 2015. Due to a neuromuscular disorder", "vertical blade sign above the marquee. It was also known as the West Coast Oakland. The Oakland became the 251st theater to open in the West Coast Theater chain. Opening day was October 27, 1928, after two years of construction. The opening celebration was highly anticipated by the Bay Area residents, as the theater's 3,200 seats made it the largest in Oakland, more than the nearby Orpheum Theatre in San Francisco which held 2,561, and more than the new 1,075-seat Dufwin which had opened three weeks earlier. The first film shown at the Oakland was Fox's The Air Circus, an", "fiscal year 2017, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. , it is being expanded to San Jose with the Silicon Valley BART extensions. Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across the lower deck of the Bay Bridge, but the", "Utah. It is a 12-room luxury bed-and-breakfast with a lake, 35-foot waterfall, acres of gardens, and fly fishing. According to a 2008 website article WorkHomeYou.com, Redbook determined it to be one of the four most romantic in the country. It is closed until 2024. Bart Johnson Barton Robert Bart Johnson (born December 13, 1970), is an American actor, best known for his role as Coach Jack Bolton in the High School Musical film series. He had a recurring role as Beau Berkhalter in The Client List on Lifetime. Johnson was born in Hollywood, California, the eldest of three sons. His" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "it. I guess sometimes you have to make difficult decisions and this one was Yanic's. For sure on my end I will miss him on stage and working with him because he's been like a brother to me for 15 years and we've been through so much together. At the same show, Bart's right knee, which had both ligaments torn away in a sports injury, gave in completely and he supported his entire weight on his left knee for the rest of the show. However, this was to no avail as eventually Rob The Witch from Necronomicon and Stephane from", "Bart van Leeuwen Bart van Leeuwen (Amsterdam, 5 February 1950 — June 2017) was a Dutch photographer and author. He published his first pictures in 1967, graduated from the School for Professional Photography in The Hague in 1969 and started to work as a freelance photographer in 1971. Inspired by film noir, Italian neorealism and photographers like Avedon, Brassaï, Frank, Kertész, Lartigue, Newton and Penn he developed a narrative, cinematographic style, linking facts and fiction. He published Nabelichting, an autobiographical novel, in 2012, and Niets is Echt, a book about photography and reality, in 2015. Due to a neuromuscular disorder", "Utah. It is a 12-room luxury bed-and-breakfast with a lake, 35-foot waterfall, acres of gardens, and fly fishing. According to a 2008 website article WorkHomeYou.com, Redbook determined it to be one of the four most romantic in the country. It is closed until 2024. Bart Johnson Barton Robert Bart Johnson (born December 13, 1970), is an American actor, best known for his role as Coach Jack Bolton in the High School Musical film series. He had a recurring role as Beau Berkhalter in The Client List on Lifetime. Johnson was born in Hollywood, California, the eldest of three sons. His", "Gone Global. He is in the development stages of another film, Multiverse, which is being dubbed as the sequel to his successful film Spirit Space. He is an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served a two-year mission in Salvador, Brazil from 1990–1992. Barty currently resides in La Crescenta, California with his wife Michelle and sons Jonah and Ashton. He is fluent in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and studied Hebrew. Braden Barty Braden Barty (born July 24, 1970) is an American director, and producer, whose work includes most notably Far Away Eyes, Spirit Space (2008)", "her publishing, recording, touring, and media career. This eventually led to a notable use of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution to secure her release from contracts, and ownership of all artistic materials, and the founding of a pioneering artist-owned multi-faceted music business operation. Bart Bull Bart Bull is an American writer, reporter, author, columnist, and critic. Born in Seattle, Washington, Bull grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. He dropped out of high school to write a novel, and then returned briefly, leaving again without graduating. Bull was the editor of Sounds, a free monthly Phoenix-based music newspaper, in", "together. He is married to actress Robyn Lively, sister of actresses Blake Lively and Lori Lively and actors Eric Lively, Jason Lively. Bart and Robyn have three children: daughter Kate and sons Baylen and Wyatt Blake. Bart is a surfing enthusiast and loves playing a variety of sports. In 1999 he received his pilot's license. Johnson is probably best known for his role in the High School Musical TV movies. He plays the coach of the East High School basketball team, which features the coach's son, star player Troy Bolton (played by Zac Efron). Johnson acts on the TV series", "of stories for SpongeBob Comics. Comics work includes: Inking the Web: Talking to Hilary Barta Hilary Barta Hilary Barta (born June 17, 1957) is an American comic book writer and artist. Barta was born on June 17, 1957. His first comics work came in June 1982, when he helped Marvel inkers Al Milgrom, Joe Sinnott and Sal Trapani provide inks for the pencils of Don Perlin on The Defenders #108. He inked #115 solo and then inked Dave Cockrum's artwork for a backup feature to the Giant Size X-Men #1-reprint X-Men Special Edition #1 in February 1983. Barta was the" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 818 households out of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.9% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.18. In the town, the population was spread out", "Fifteen cities are currently listed as rent controlled by the State of California: These are: Alameda, Berkeley, Beverly Hills, East Palo Alto, Hayward, Los Angeles, Los Gatos, Mountain View, Oakland, Palm Springs, Richmond. San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Monica, West Hollywood, Additionally, Campbell (does not have rent control per se, but offers a mediation service), Fremont (rejected rent control in 2017), and Thousand Oaks (has limited rent control: mostly just for mobile home parks). Two examples of the many cities with rent control only for mobile home parks: Cotati, Thousand Oaks. Some cities have rental housing laws that do not", "island had its western apex at the junction and was triangular in shape. The northern face was the Down Main line, for trains from Birmingham; the southern face was the Up Bath line, for trains towards Bath. The southern island's north face was the Down Bath line, serving trains from Bath towards Bristol, and its southern side was a west-facing bay platform. The south side of the bay platform had a timber windbreak due to the station's exposed site, and thus the platform acquired the name behind the box. The station as built was sparsely furnished: there was a small", "had collided off Bermuda during night maneuvers. The damage to both destroyers was substantial, and resulted in the deaths of six sailors. Roan's engines were knocked out by the collision, and were henceforth taken in tow by Luiseno. Brownson, a large section of her bow missing, limped to Bermuda under her own power, escorted by Salinan, and arrived safely in Bermuda a few days later. Salinan remained based at Key West for the next 17 years – despite transfers to ServRon 4 and ServRon 8 – and continued to provide towing, recovery, salvage, rescue, and fire-fighting services in addition to", "(44.8/km²). There were 768 housing units at an average density of 52.1/sq mi (20.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.03% White, 0.12% African American, 1.58% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.46% of the population. There were 725 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and" ]

[ "Nevin, helped push through the BART extension to San Francisco International Airport with an airport station. In 1994, Kopp qualified an advisory ballot measure in San Francisco, Measure I, which advocated for a station inside the International Terminal. This resulted in the BART extension being built as a triangle, with the vertices being the San Bruno station at Tanforan Shopping Center, and not on the Caltrain Right-of-Way, Millbrae (Caltrain terminal) and SFO International Terminal. To get to all the stations on the extension, the BART train has to reverse at least once. The alternative rejected by Kopp was single station", "(FTA) found that BART was out of conformance with Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Among other non- considerations, the FTA cited that BART did not complete the necessary analysis to determine if the future change in service would disproportionately impact low-income or minority communities. The FTA forced the Metropolitan Transportation Commission to reallocate the funding. By September 2010, all necessary federal and state funding for the Oakland Airport Connector had been re-established, and a groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 20, 2010 featuring key administrators: BART Director Carole Ward Allen, Congresswoman Barbara Lee, State Assemblyman Sandré Swanson,", "are small restaurants, a natural food store, bakeries, and a nursery. The elevated tracks of the BART Richmond line cut diagonally across Westbrae, crossing over Gilman in the commercial section. There is a church called the Westbrae Bible Church located nearby on the corner of Hopkins and Ordway about three blocks from the center of the Westbrae neighborhood. The current, most notable business is the acclaimed Bay Area restaurant Lalime's. Until about 1979, the tracks of the Santa Fe railroad ran beside where the BART elevated and underground lines are today. Today, the Ohlone Greenway, a bicycle and pedestrian path,", "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "on a routing pattern that has Pittsburg/Bay Point trains running to SFO at all times. During peak times Mondays through Fridays, Richmond trains run directly to Millbrae without stopping at SFO. During off-peak hours (nights and weekends), Pittsburg/Bay Point trains serve both SFO and Millbrae sequentially. Passengers on the Fremont, Richmond, and Dublin/Pleasanton lines must make a transfer to the Pittsburg/Bay Point line to reach the airport. In addition, the cessation of direct BART service between Millbrae and SFO during weekday peak hours requires Caltrain passengers wanting to travel to the airport from Millbrae to travel to San Bruno Station", "located in Parking Garage G of the International Terminal, is the only direct rail link between the airport, the city of San Francisco, and the general Bay Area. The SFO station is served by the Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line. BART is SFO's connection to Caltrain at the Millbrae Station, which requires a transfer at the San Bruno station during most of BART's weekday operating hours; direct BART service between SFO and Millbrae is available on weekday evenings, weekends, and holidays. Caltrain used to offer a free shuttle to SFO airport from the Millbrae station, but it was replaced by BART service when", "Line with links to Sheffield, Leicester and London St Pancras. Typical travel times in minutes by road (peak times in italics) are: central London 75 (110), Birmingham 45 (60), Manchester 120 (175), Leicester 50 (65), Oxford 50 (60), Cambridge 85 (130), Milton Keynes 20 (30). Travel times (peak) by rail (from April 2008) by West Midlands Trains - as well as Virgin Trains services in minutes are: from Northampton to Central London (Euston) 55, to Birmingham 65; from Milton Keynes to Central London 40 and Manchester 120. Airports at Heathrow, Gatwick, and Stansted as well as Birmingham Airport, Luton and" ]

[ "(FTA) found that BART was out of conformance with Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Among other non- considerations, the FTA cited that BART did not complete the necessary analysis to determine if the future change in service would disproportionately impact low-income or minority communities. The FTA forced the Metropolitan Transportation Commission to reallocate the funding. By September 2010, all necessary federal and state funding for the Oakland Airport Connector had been re-established, and a groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 20, 2010 featuring key administrators: BART Director Carole Ward Allen, Congresswoman Barbara Lee, State Assemblyman Sandré Swanson,", "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "Class 156 SuperSprinter units from 1988. From this time, the service operated hourly between Birmingham New Street and with alternate services continuing to ( from 1991) or . Central Trains operated the route from privatisation, and for operational convenience combined services on the route either side of Birmingham New Street, which created through services such as and to Cambridge and Stansted Airport and to Stansted Airport, although these were subsequently cut back - services to Aberystwyth ceased in 2001, although a few services continued to terminate at until 2004, whilst Liverpool was removed in 2003 to improve performance. The service", "Line with links to Sheffield, Leicester and London St Pancras. Typical travel times in minutes by road (peak times in italics) are: central London 75 (110), Birmingham 45 (60), Manchester 120 (175), Leicester 50 (65), Oxford 50 (60), Cambridge 85 (130), Milton Keynes 20 (30). Travel times (peak) by rail (from April 2008) by West Midlands Trains - as well as Virgin Trains services in minutes are: from Northampton to Central London (Euston) 55, to Birmingham 65; from Milton Keynes to Central London 40 and Manchester 120. Airports at Heathrow, Gatwick, and Stansted as well as Birmingham Airport, Luton and", "Railway route from Birmingham to Gloucester via the Lickey Incline. With the impending closure of the Wolverhampton Low Level station the opportunity was also taken to extend The Cornishman over the former Midland line to Derby and Sheffield, and later on to Bradford Forster Square. By May 1967 departure was from Bradford Exchange at 07:06, then reversing at Leeds with a departure time of 07:36. This gave arrival times at Plymouth of 15:08 and Penzance at 17:55. In the reverse direction The Cornishman left Penzance at 11:00 and Plymouth at 13:30, arriving at Bradford at 22:07. Further changes in the", "Line route for services between Lime Street and London Euston. These services are operated by London Northwestern Railway and Virgin Trains. Whilst services from Liverpool on the West Coast Main Line may not officially be part of the City Line, sometimes the distinction is unclear. For example, Merseytravel publicity for Liverpool South Parkway referred to the Central Trains service from Liverpool to Crewe and Birmingham New Street as if it were part of the City Line. The City Line timetable booklets also show other services where they share tracks with City Line trains (for example, the Chester–Manchester services via Newton-le-Willows" ]

[ "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "the San Francisco International Airport station and Millbrae Intermodal Terminal) was lagging behind, and part of the expectation from Margro was that he would complete the extension. Under Margro, BART successfully opened the extension in 2003. Margro was also at the helm when Measure AA, a proposal to fund BART's Earthquake Safety Program with $980 million from property taxes, was approved by voters in a referendum, and he oversaw the initial implementation of the program. On April 10, 2007, BART announced that Margro was retiring, with June 29, 2007 being his last day of service. Margro would be BART's longest", "Class 156 SuperSprinter units from 1988. From this time, the service operated hourly between Birmingham New Street and with alternate services continuing to ( from 1991) or . Central Trains operated the route from privatisation, and for operational convenience combined services on the route either side of Birmingham New Street, which created through services such as and to Cambridge and Stansted Airport and to Stansted Airport, although these were subsequently cut back - services to Aberystwyth ceased in 2001, although a few services continued to terminate at until 2004, whilst Liverpool was removed in 2003 to improve performance. The service", "relocated after the war to Rawdon, Nova Scotia, Canada, with support from the Crown for resettlement. The Kinard House, Moore-Kinard House, Ninety Six National Historic Site, and Southern Railway Depot (Ninety Six, South Carolina) are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,936 people, 820 households, and 560 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,325.1 people per square mile (512.0/km²). There were 904 housing units at an average density of 618.7 per square mile (239.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 76.50% White, 22.73% Black, 0.15% Native", "and train tickets as Stamford (Lincs) to distinguish it from either Stamford Hill station in London or Stanford-le-Hope station in Essex. The station building is a fine stone structure in Mock Tudor style, influenced by the nearby Burghley House, and designed by Sancton Wood. From Stamford there is generally an hourly service (operated by CrossCountry) each day towards Leicester and Birmingham New Street westbound and Peterborough, Cambridge and Stansted Airport eastbound as well as additional PM peak hour services. Services westbound to Birmingham go via Oakham, Melton Mowbray, Leicester, Narborough, Hinckley, Nuneaton and Coleshill. Services eastbound to Stansted Airport or", "people per square mile (13.9/km²). There were 872 housing units at an average density of 32.6/sq mi (12.6/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.65% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 379 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made", "and to State Route 87. This extension may eventually be brought all the way around to the existing Capitol station, with an intermediate connection to Caltrain. On October 4, 2010, the VTA has introduced a new Commuter Express light rail service on this line, currently operating between Baypointe and Santa Teresa stations. The service operates three trips each in the morning (to Baypointe) and in the afternoon (to Santa Teresa) that calls at all stops, and it operates nonstop between Convention Center and Ohlone/Chynoweth stations. It offers free WiFi access on all trains on this service. Transfer to Mountain View–Winchester" ]

[ "away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco. The shutdown caught the attention of Leland Yee and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in several articles and comments. Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, added that, BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk. Members of Anonymous broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website. On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco. The", "Inc. in San Francisco. He was a member of the board of Twin Pines Federal Savings & Loan in Berkeley and served on the Marin County Redevelopment Agency. He consulted with the Organization of American States on housing in the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago. He served as chief consultant to President Jimmy Carter's transition team on housing and development, often served as a consultant to his old agency, and occasionally represented other firms in their dealings with the agency. Bob, born August 29, 1909, was the second of four notable sons of Willis N. and Roberta Pitts, of Macon", "searching for and auditioning bassists, Bart decided to opt for an already established name. In 2003, Bart emailed Steve Di Giorgio asking, Would you be interested in doing session work in Canada? Steve agreed and Bart sent him info on the band and their music. After Steve finished his tour with Testament, he met with Bart for the first time in the Montreal Airport. For vocals, Quo Vadis recruited Stéphane Paré to replace Arie. Bart praised his vocals, saying, In any case, the most important issue was to fix the weak delivery of vocals live. And that's been addressed when", "Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried on the AMC television channel from 2003 to 2008 and subsequently seen in syndication and in 53 countries around the world. Bart was born in New York City, the son of Clara (née Ginsberg)", "leadership role in creating a Bay Area Black Fund and was one of the founders of the Marin Co-op in Corte Madera. Mattalyn was, for most of her career, a kindergarten teacher in the Hunters Point section of San Francisco. In retirement, she started her own successful home furnishing design and clothing design companies. Bob died at Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco of kidney failure on August 30, 1982. Robert B. Pitts Robert Pitts was the first black Regional Administrator of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Robert (Bob) Pitts was a long-term civil servant in the", "had two daughters Colby Bart Centrella (born 1962) and Dilys Bart Shelton (born 1966). His second wife was Leslie Cox. Bart is remarried to the former Phyllis Fredette. His nephew is actor Roger Bart. Peter Bart Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and film producer, writing a column for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is perhaps best known for his lengthy tenure (from 1989–2009) as the editor in chief of Variety, an entertainment-trade magazine. Bart was also a co-host, with film producer Peter Guber, of the weekly television series, Shootout (formerly Sunday Morning Shootout), carried", "the financial terms but requested binding arbitration for the work rules. Management refused the arbitration offer. BART was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1997, calling it the most advanced automated urban rail transit system incorporating many innovations, marking a new generation of rail travel. In October 2004 BART received the American Public Transportation Association's Outstanding Public Transportation System Award for 2004 in the category of transit systems with 30 million or more annual passenger trips. BART issued announcements and began a promotional campaign declaring that it had been named Number One", "located in Parking Garage G of the International Terminal, is the only direct rail link between the airport, the city of San Francisco, and the general Bay Area. The SFO station is served by the Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line. BART is SFO's connection to Caltrain at the Millbrae Station, which requires a transfer at the San Bruno station during most of BART's weekday operating hours; direct BART service between SFO and Millbrae is available on weekday evenings, weekends, and holidays. Caltrain used to offer a free shuttle to SFO airport from the Millbrae station, but it was replaced by BART service when", "reservations, and ground-crew arrangements to the CIA. According to the article, an unnamed former employee quoted Bob Overby, Jeppesen's managing director, as saying at a meeting, We do all of the extraordinary renditions flights—you know, the torture flights. ... Let's face it, some of those flights end up that way... It certainly pays well. On November 16, 2006, Amnesty International staged a demonstration in front of the company's International Trip and Flight Planning Office in San Jose, California to protest their involvement in the rendition program. In December 2006 representatives of the South Bay Mobilization for Peace and Justice group", "on a routing pattern that has Pittsburg/Bay Point trains running to SFO at all times. During peak times Mondays through Fridays, Richmond trains run directly to Millbrae without stopping at SFO. During off-peak hours (nights and weekends), Pittsburg/Bay Point trains serve both SFO and Millbrae sequentially. Passengers on the Fremont, Richmond, and Dublin/Pleasanton lines must make a transfer to the Pittsburg/Bay Point line to reach the airport. In addition, the cessation of direct BART service between Millbrae and SFO during weekday peak hours requires Caltrain passengers wanting to travel to the airport from Millbrae to travel to San Bruno Station" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "playing the Nature Calls music track. When this action was completed, a secret song with bizarre lyrics was played. Spectral analysis of the song's waveform revealed Morse code, and analysis of the rest of the game's music in the same fashion revealed the URL www.fixedpatternencodes.com. The website then started to update with images that represented letters in the alphabet; for example, a picture of an apple falling from a tree, commonly associated with Isaac Newton, represented the letter N. The message BIG FREEZE WITH NO COMPLETE END, derived from the pictures, was entered into the website to unlock a new", "leave this whorish nation behind and not share in her immorality to keep from sharing in her judgement. () The time code in the monitor sometimes changes the last digit for a letter. This eventually spells out THE_TURNEDTO_. In addition, several Bible verses that reference water and blood are shown throughout the video. Isaiah 15:9 on the graffiti wall, John 19:34 on the picture of Jesus behind the couple, and II Kings 3:22 and Exodus 7:21 in the board behind the man with the laptop. This led to the discovery of the Year Zero website, which was a collage of", "added as well, but Harris said that the key Abrahimic figures—Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, are not that interesting in character design or gameplay. LittleBigPlanet (2008) had a last-minute delay involving a licensed song in the game's soundtrack, after a PlayStation Community member reported the lyrics to one of the licensed songs in the game included passages from the Qur'an and could therefore be offensive to Muslims. However, no actual complaints regarding the music were made. The song, entitled Tapha Niang, was by Malian artist Toumani Diabaté, himself a devout Muslim. The game was patched twice, the day before its", "is the primary one; an incidental non-infringing use is not enough. Among the amicus curiae briefs: In April 2003, Los Angeles federal judge Stephen Wilson ruled in favor of Grokster and Streamcast (providers of Morpheus P2P software) against the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America and held that their file sharing software was not illegal. On 20 August 2003, the decision was appealed by the RIAA and the MPAA. On 17 August 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a partial ruling supporting Grokster, holding This appeal presents the", "Religious Society (Wampano or Men of the Dawn, Powwauwoag, Medarennawawg, and others) had the biggest longhouses for ceremonial purposes.The algongin use shells as money. The Long Water Land people were well known for their elm bark canoes (light and fast for easy portage), and to dugout canoes, used for trade and war. They reckoned the passing of time by a lunar calendar and an eight-part ceremonial cycle, using various lithic and earth features as observatories to determine the phases of the sun, moon, and stars for planting, harvest, and ceremonies. Momauguin, Quinnipiac Grand Sachem in 1638, signed the First Treaty" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "King Jr., Nikita Khrushchev, American race riots, the Ku Klux Klan, Buddhist monks, and bodies of dead soldiers. The only narration in the film is a man's voice yelling the text of Proverbs 10:12, Hate stirreth up strife, while love covereth all sins. The film ends with written text: ANYONE FOR SURVIVAL, followed by End and ?. The film is included in the documentary A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope, which was released on the DVD and Blu-ray releases of Lucas' first feature film, THX 1138. Look at Life (film) Look at Life is a short", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population. There were 713 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of", "(war trumpet), which had a fixed length. In Germany, the original word was Posaune, appearing about 1450 and is still used today. This (as well as bason) derives from busine, which is Latinate and meant straight trumpet. In Italy it was (and remains) trombone, which derived from trumpet in the Latin tromba or drompten, used in the Low Countries. The first records of it being used are around 1440, but it is not clear whether this was just a nickname for a trumpet player. In 1487 a writer links the words trompone and sacqueboute and mentions the instrument as playing", "the Janissaries was noted for its powerful percussion and shrill winds combining kös (giant timpani), davul (bass drum), zurna (a loud shawm), naffir, or boru (natural trumpet), çevgan bells, triangle (a borrowing from Europe), and cymbals (zil), among others. Janissary music influenced European classical musicians such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven, both of whom composed music in the Turkish style. Examples include Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11 (c. 1783), Beethoven's incidental music for The Ruins of Athens (1811), and the final movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, although the Beethoven example is now considered a march rather" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "carpets, together with Pseudo-Kufic script offer an interesting example of the integration of Eastern elements into European painting, most particularly those depicting religious subjects. A number of musical instruments used in European music were influenced by Arabic musical instruments, including the rebec (an ancestor of the violin) from the rebab and the naker from naqareh The oud is cited as one of several precursors to the modern guitar. Some scholars believe that the troubadors may have had Arabian origins, with Magda Bogin stating that the Arab poetic and musical tradition was one of several influences on European courtly love poetry.", "pointed to the melodic flow with his hands. The main singer, protopsalt, was singing the shortened melodic preparation of the song at the beginning, which was the formula for the entire musical work. After that, he would began to sing a sing, in one voice, accompanied by the choir. In the case of melismatic melodies, the task of the choir was only to keep its drone tone, ison. The most used materials among the lower classes were wool, flax and hemp. Rich ones used silk, velvet and taffeta which were imported from Italy, Greece and Flanders via Dubrovnik. In time,", "Zajc) after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s. There are several Slovene literary magazines that publish prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism. Music of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the Renaissance composer Jacobus Gallus (1550–1591), who greatly influenced Central European classical music and the Baroque composer Janez Krstnik Dolar (ca. 1620–1673). During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers. By the time of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, Eni Psalmi, was published in", "of the Byzantines along with the urghun (organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the salandj (probably a bagpipe). The hurdy-gurdy was (and still is) a mechanical violin using a rosined wooden wheel attached to a crank to bow its strings. Instruments without sound boxes like the jaw harp were also popular. Early versions of the pipe organ, fiddle (or vielle), and a precursor to the modern trombone (called the sackbut) were used. Medieval music was composed and, for some vocal and instrumental music, improvised for many different music genres (styles of music). Medieval music created for" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "said that he is the inventor of logical music. After the Rational Melodies, he developed more complex techniques using mathematical notions. This began with the collection of Music for 88 (1988), where he applied ideas of Eratosthenes, Euler, Mersenne and Blaise Pascal. Later he collaborated with living mathematicians, particularly Jean-Paul Allouche, Emmanuel Amiot, Jeffrey Dinitz and Franck Jedrzejewski. With them he explored the notions of self-similar melodies (Loops for orchestra, 1998), tiling patterns (Tilework, 2003), and block designs (Block Design for Piano, 2005), along with homometric pairs (Intervals, 2013). But these mathematical foundations are not the only aspect of the", "the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700. While the clavichord allowed expressive control of volume and sustain, it was too quiet for large performances. The harpsichord produced a sufficiently loud sound, but offered little expressive control over each note. The piano offered the best of both, combining loudness with dynamic control. Cristofori's great success was solving, with no prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "by the use of a terminology for music that, according to the approximate dating of the texts, was in use for over 1,000 years. Much of Chinese music history and theory remains unclear. The earliest texts about Chinese music theory are inscribed on the stone and bronze bells excavated in 1978 from the tomb of Marquis Yi (died 433 BCE) of the Zeng state. They include more than 2800 words describing theories and practices of music pitches of the time. The bells produce two intertwined pentatonic scales three tones apart with additional pitches completing the chromatic scale. Chinese theory starts" ]

[ "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "which Ali-Naqi Vaziri was the director and where he studied the piano under the music master Tatiana Kharatian (تاتیانا خاراطیان). During this period he studied works by Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven and Bach. In addition to studying western classical music, he studied Persian classical music under Ali-Naqi Vaziri. Ma'roufi married at eighteen with Shams Zamān (شـمس زمان). They had four children, two daughters — Sho'kooh-Zamān (شکوه زمان), also known as Giti (گـیتی), and Jilā (ژیلا) — and two sons, Manouchehr (منوچهر), and Farhād (فـرهاد). Ma'roufi was one of the most notable composers of the Persian classical music and one of the", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "and Telugu under the pen name Balachandra. Visiting musicians were Pallavi Sheshayyar, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer and Patnam Subramanyam Iyer. This period, as during the time of the predecessor king, was an important era of music in Mysore, especially for Kannada compositions. The King himself was educated in Kannada, English, Sanskrit, the sciences and was knowledgeable in Tamil and Urdu as well. He was well versed in playing musical instruments including the veena, violin, mridangam, nagaswara, sitar, and harmonium as well as Western instruments such as the saxophone and piano. He encouraged his musicians to compose in the Carnatic, Hindustani and", "instruments, the types of compositions, the raga (melodies) and the tala (rhythms) used. Though all the Mysore kings patronised music, the golden age of Carnatic music was considered to be during the reigns of Kings Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1794–1868), Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1862–1894), Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1884–1940) and Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar (1919–1974). The reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is regarded as particularly important in musical terms. The instruments normally used to play compositions were the veena, the rudra veena, the violin, the tambura, the ghatam, the flute, the mridangam, the nagaswaram, the swarabhat. Instruments such as the harmonium, the sitar", "and the jaltarang, though uncommon to the southern region, came into use and British influence popularised the saxophone and the piano. The royalty of this dynasty were noted composers and proficient in playing musical instruments both solo and in concert with others. The different styles of compositions included jati swara, swara jati, varna, kriti, javali (a light lyric), tillana and pallavi. It was not unusual for the composers and the kings who patronised them to be experts at instrumental music as well. So proficient were the musicians at their chosen instrument(s) that the name of the instrument became a part" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "was appointed as the first Indian Surgeon-General of Madras. After his retirement from the government medical service in 1948, Cherian became increasingly active in politics. He was an alderman of the Corporation of Madras in 1948 and, in 1949, became mayor of the city. His wife, Tara, whom he married in 1935, was elected to this office in 1956, making the Cherians the only couple to have held the office of the Mayor of Madras. Tara, who died in November 2000, was the first woman mayor of independent India and was herself a Member of the Legislative Council during M.", "money-lending business in the later half of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century. At an early age, AVM envisioned better prospects in the trade of manufacturing records than simply selling them. Hence, he moved to Madras with his friends K.S. Narayan Iyengar and Subbaiah Chettiar and established a new firm called Saraswathi Stores on 9 September 1932. This new firm also manufactured gramophone records apart from selling them. In this new venture, he got excellent support from the manager K.P. Varadachari and his lawyer friend Thoothukudi Govindachari Raghavachari. Some of AVM's early productions were dramas on", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but", "they said. Bartók was just a name for me. I had no idea who he was. (...) Bartók played one of his own pieces with his wife: Sonata composed for two pianos and percussions, I believe one of the most important works of the 20th century. It was a world premiere. Where I sat, I had an excellent view of Bartók's hands. I was mesmerized. I had never thought there was music outside of Bach, Mozart and Mussorgsky. I became completely drunk on that music. (...) I understood immediately that I am not my own contemporary. Endre Rozsda encountered a" ]

[ "to transcribe Azerbaijani folk music into Western notation. His piece entitled Polish Patrol was published in Los Angeles in 1895 by The Barlett Music Co. with a portrait of the composer on the cover, and his Awaking the Lion was very popular in 1870s California. A sign of his popularity is the fact that The Etude used his Dance des Sorcières as their first title when they began publishing sheet music in 1883. They also published his Persian March op. 369 in the December 1891 issue of the magazine. Anton de Kontski Anton de Kontski (27 October 1817, Kraków7 December", "cantors with own compositions, especially in the tropes (extended musical items added to existing liturgical texts). According to James Grier, Professor of Music History in the Don Wright Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario, Adémar was the first person to write music using the musical notation still in use today. He placed the musical notes above the text, higher or lower according to the pitch. Professor Grier states that Placement on the vertical axis remains the standard convention for indicating pitch in notation in Western culture and there is far greater weight on pitch than on many", "over one hundred years ago. Project Gutenberg makes tens of thousands of public domain books available online as ebooks. People have been creating music for millennia. The first musical notation system, the Music of Mesopotamia system, was created 4000 years ago. Guido of Arezzo introduced Latin musical notation in the 10th century. This laid the foundation for the preservation of global music in the public domain, a distinction formalized alongside copyright systems in the 17th Century. Musicians copyrighted their publications of musical notation as literary writings, but performing copyrighted pieces and creating derivative works were not restricted by early copyright", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "Visions, op. 145. He wrote one opera, Villon, in 1967. His book Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice (1969/1979) attempted to catalogue the rapidly changing landscape of notation for contemporary western art music. Gardner Read Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar. His first musical studies were in piano and organ, and he also took lessons in counterpoint and composition at the School of Music at Northwestern University. In 1932 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to the Eastman School of Music (B.M. and", "the key signature and accidentals while playing. The notation was designed to help players who struggle with sight-reading, including those who suffer from working memory impairments, dyslexia and other learning difficulties. Peter Hayes George (1927-2012) was born in Quebec, Canada, the son of a diplomat. He attended RADA and began his career as an actor playing roles such as the lead in ‘Malachi's Cove’ directed by Charles Frank and the juvenile lead in Peter Brook's London West End production Dark of the Moon. In the 1960s he gave up acting as shortcomings with his working memory made it difficult for", "in the old Balinese script. Composers and scholars both Indonesian and foreign have also mapped the slendro and pelog tuning systems of gamelan onto the western staff, with and without various symbols for microtones. The Dutch composer Ton de Leeuw also invented a three line staff for his composition Gending. However, these systems do not enjoy widespread use. In the second half of the twentieth century, Indonesian musicians and scholars extended cipher notation to other oral traditions, and a diatonic scale cipher notation has become common for notating western-related genres (church hymns, popular songs, and so forth). Unlike the cipher" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "exhaustion, and a constant awareness of the shadow of death; and bedeviled by visual hallucinations (possibly produced by temporal lobe epilepsy), Chopin, notes Kogan, not coinciden[tally] composed the most famous funeral march in history. Robert Schumann (1810–56): Manic episodes in the course of his bipolar disorder brought periods of explosive creativity, but he died in a mental institution by self-starvation. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky 1840–93): As a closeted homosexual in czarist Russia, he was deeply depressed for many years and may have ended his life by suicide. Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868 – 1917): the King of Ragtime, born in the", "Ralph Tomlinson, the president of the society, and were inspired by the 6th-century BC Greek lyric poet, Anacreon, who wrote odes on the pleasures of love and wine. The song became popular in Britain and also America following the establishment of several Anacreontic Societies there. Smith never married. Smith later became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1784, organist for the Chapel Royal in 1802 and Master of the Children in 1805. he also became lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey. He was organist at the Three Choirs Festival held at Gloucester in 1790. Smith is considered to be the first", "Tempore. With the American cellist Theodore Mook, he designed a font, now widely adopted, for use with computer printing programs, based on his set of accidentals, which are sufficient for 72-note music. His music is published by Frog Peak Music and Diapason Press (Corpus Microtonale). As his award citation from the American Academy of Arts and Letters attests: Ezra Sims has already contributed an outstanding body of works, many of which have explored with singular imagination, conviction and success the beautiful but elusive world of microtonal music. Ezra Sims Ezra Sims (January 16, 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama — January 30,", "little Mozart. Salzedo's mother died just two years later when he was five. The family then moved to Bordeaux and a Basque woman, Marthe Tatibouet Bidebérripé, was hired to care for and help raise the children. Salzedo became deeply attached to her, and liked to think of himself as being culturally Basque. He himself attributed, in interviews, his fondness for meters in five beats to the Basque traditional music. Léon-Charles, having begun playing piano by the age of three, wrote his first composition, a polka called Moustique (Mosquito), which was published when he was just five years old. Though lost,", "Mexico City and was one of the founders (and later Director) of Mexico's first hospital for women and children, the Casa de Maternidad e Infancia. Ortega also had a parallel career as a musician. His first composition the Marcha Zaragoza (1862), was named for the Mexican patriot and general, Ignacio Zaragoza, and became Mexico's second national anthem. He composed two other marches, Potosina and Republicana and several piano pieces, most notably Invocación a Beethoven, first performed in 1867. In 1866, he became one of the founders of the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana (Mexican Philharmonic Society) which played a crucial role in", "of the first to bring this form to the popular consciousness through his broadcasts on the BBC. He also founded the Stour Music Festival in 1962, one of the first and most important early music festivals in the world. Deller was born in Margate, a seaside resort in Kent. As a boy, he sang in his local church choir. When his voice broke, he continued singing in his high register, eventually settling as a countertenor. Deller was initially employed as a lay clerk at Canterbury Cathedral from 1940 to 1947, before joining the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1947–62). From", "carriage and received concussion of the brain, which disabled him for some years. He found relief in music. His first public composition was an anthem-like setting of Heber's From Greenland's Icy Mountains, the proceeds of which (180l.) he devoted to the Church Missionary Society. In 1836 appeared Op. 36, An Evening Service in E flat and One Hundred Antiphonal Chants. One of these, a Recte et Retro chant in C, sometimes called Worcester chant, became very widely known. In the same year the Gresham prize medal was awarded him for an Evening Service in A, Op. 37. In 1841 a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "playing the Nature Calls music track. When this action was completed, a secret song with bizarre lyrics was played. Spectral analysis of the song's waveform revealed Morse code, and analysis of the rest of the game's music in the same fashion revealed the URL www.fixedpatternencodes.com. The website then started to update with images that represented letters in the alphabet; for example, a picture of an apple falling from a tree, commonly associated with Isaac Newton, represented the letter N. The message BIG FREEZE WITH NO COMPLETE END, derived from the pictures, was entered into the website to unlock a new", "leave this whorish nation behind and not share in her immorality to keep from sharing in her judgement. () The time code in the monitor sometimes changes the last digit for a letter. This eventually spells out THE_TURNEDTO_. In addition, several Bible verses that reference water and blood are shown throughout the video. Isaiah 15:9 on the graffiti wall, John 19:34 on the picture of Jesus behind the couple, and II Kings 3:22 and Exodus 7:21 in the board behind the man with the laptop. This led to the discovery of the Year Zero website, which was a collage of", "added as well, but Harris said that the key Abrahimic figures—Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, are not that interesting in character design or gameplay. LittleBigPlanet (2008) had a last-minute delay involving a licensed song in the game's soundtrack, after a PlayStation Community member reported the lyrics to one of the licensed songs in the game included passages from the Qur'an and could therefore be offensive to Muslims. However, no actual complaints regarding the music were made. The song, entitled Tapha Niang, was by Malian artist Toumani Diabaté, himself a devout Muslim. The game was patched twice, the day before its", "is the primary one; an incidental non-infringing use is not enough. Among the amicus curiae briefs: In April 2003, Los Angeles federal judge Stephen Wilson ruled in favor of Grokster and Streamcast (providers of Morpheus P2P software) against the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America and held that their file sharing software was not illegal. On 20 August 2003, the decision was appealed by the RIAA and the MPAA. On 17 August 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a partial ruling supporting Grokster, holding This appeal presents the", "Religious Society (Wampano or Men of the Dawn, Powwauwoag, Medarennawawg, and others) had the biggest longhouses for ceremonial purposes.The algongin use shells as money. The Long Water Land people were well known for their elm bark canoes (light and fast for easy portage), and to dugout canoes, used for trade and war. They reckoned the passing of time by a lunar calendar and an eight-part ceremonial cycle, using various lithic and earth features as observatories to determine the phases of the sun, moon, and stars for planting, harvest, and ceremonies. Momauguin, Quinnipiac Grand Sachem in 1638, signed the First Treaty" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "King Jr., Nikita Khrushchev, American race riots, the Ku Klux Klan, Buddhist monks, and bodies of dead soldiers. The only narration in the film is a man's voice yelling the text of Proverbs 10:12, Hate stirreth up strife, while love covereth all sins. The film ends with written text: ANYONE FOR SURVIVAL, followed by End and ?. The film is included in the documentary A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope, which was released on the DVD and Blu-ray releases of Lucas' first feature film, THX 1138. Look at Life (film) Look at Life is a short", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population. There were 713 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of", "(war trumpet), which had a fixed length. In Germany, the original word was Posaune, appearing about 1450 and is still used today. This (as well as bason) derives from busine, which is Latinate and meant straight trumpet. In Italy it was (and remains) trombone, which derived from trumpet in the Latin tromba or drompten, used in the Low Countries. The first records of it being used are around 1440, but it is not clear whether this was just a nickname for a trumpet player. In 1487 a writer links the words trompone and sacqueboute and mentions the instrument as playing", "the Janissaries was noted for its powerful percussion and shrill winds combining kös (giant timpani), davul (bass drum), zurna (a loud shawm), naffir, or boru (natural trumpet), çevgan bells, triangle (a borrowing from Europe), and cymbals (zil), among others. Janissary music influenced European classical musicians such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven, both of whom composed music in the Turkish style. Examples include Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11 (c. 1783), Beethoven's incidental music for The Ruins of Athens (1811), and the final movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, although the Beethoven example is now considered a march rather" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "carpets, together with Pseudo-Kufic script offer an interesting example of the integration of Eastern elements into European painting, most particularly those depicting religious subjects. A number of musical instruments used in European music were influenced by Arabic musical instruments, including the rebec (an ancestor of the violin) from the rebab and the naker from naqareh The oud is cited as one of several precursors to the modern guitar. Some scholars believe that the troubadors may have had Arabian origins, with Magda Bogin stating that the Arab poetic and musical tradition was one of several influences on European courtly love poetry.", "pointed to the melodic flow with his hands. The main singer, protopsalt, was singing the shortened melodic preparation of the song at the beginning, which was the formula for the entire musical work. After that, he would began to sing a sing, in one voice, accompanied by the choir. In the case of melismatic melodies, the task of the choir was only to keep its drone tone, ison. The most used materials among the lower classes were wool, flax and hemp. Rich ones used silk, velvet and taffeta which were imported from Italy, Greece and Flanders via Dubrovnik. In time,", "Zajc) after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s. There are several Slovene literary magazines that publish prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism. Music of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the Renaissance composer Jacobus Gallus (1550–1591), who greatly influenced Central European classical music and the Baroque composer Janez Krstnik Dolar (ca. 1620–1673). During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers. By the time of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, Eni Psalmi, was published in", "of the Byzantines along with the urghun (organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the salandj (probably a bagpipe). The hurdy-gurdy was (and still is) a mechanical violin using a rosined wooden wheel attached to a crank to bow its strings. Instruments without sound boxes like the jaw harp were also popular. Early versions of the pipe organ, fiddle (or vielle), and a precursor to the modern trombone (called the sackbut) were used. Medieval music was composed and, for some vocal and instrumental music, improvised for many different music genres (styles of music). Medieval music created for" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "said that he is the inventor of logical music. After the Rational Melodies, he developed more complex techniques using mathematical notions. This began with the collection of Music for 88 (1988), where he applied ideas of Eratosthenes, Euler, Mersenne and Blaise Pascal. Later he collaborated with living mathematicians, particularly Jean-Paul Allouche, Emmanuel Amiot, Jeffrey Dinitz and Franck Jedrzejewski. With them he explored the notions of self-similar melodies (Loops for orchestra, 1998), tiling patterns (Tilework, 2003), and block designs (Block Design for Piano, 2005), along with homometric pairs (Intervals, 2013). But these mathematical foundations are not the only aspect of the", "the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700. While the clavichord allowed expressive control of volume and sustain, it was too quiet for large performances. The harpsichord produced a sufficiently loud sound, but offered little expressive control over each note. The piano offered the best of both, combining loudness with dynamic control. Cristofori's great success was solving, with no prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "by the use of a terminology for music that, according to the approximate dating of the texts, was in use for over 1,000 years. Much of Chinese music history and theory remains unclear. The earliest texts about Chinese music theory are inscribed on the stone and bronze bells excavated in 1978 from the tomb of Marquis Yi (died 433 BCE) of the Zeng state. They include more than 2800 words describing theories and practices of music pitches of the time. The bells produce two intertwined pentatonic scales three tones apart with additional pitches completing the chromatic scale. Chinese theory starts" ]

[ "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "which Ali-Naqi Vaziri was the director and where he studied the piano under the music master Tatiana Kharatian (تاتیانا خاراطیان). During this period he studied works by Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven and Bach. In addition to studying western classical music, he studied Persian classical music under Ali-Naqi Vaziri. Ma'roufi married at eighteen with Shams Zamān (شـمس زمان). They had four children, two daughters — Sho'kooh-Zamān (شکوه زمان), also known as Giti (گـیتی), and Jilā (ژیلا) — and two sons, Manouchehr (منوچهر), and Farhād (فـرهاد). Ma'roufi was one of the most notable composers of the Persian classical music and one of the", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "and Telugu under the pen name Balachandra. Visiting musicians were Pallavi Sheshayyar, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer and Patnam Subramanyam Iyer. This period, as during the time of the predecessor king, was an important era of music in Mysore, especially for Kannada compositions. The King himself was educated in Kannada, English, Sanskrit, the sciences and was knowledgeable in Tamil and Urdu as well. He was well versed in playing musical instruments including the veena, violin, mridangam, nagaswara, sitar, and harmonium as well as Western instruments such as the saxophone and piano. He encouraged his musicians to compose in the Carnatic, Hindustani and", "instruments, the types of compositions, the raga (melodies) and the tala (rhythms) used. Though all the Mysore kings patronised music, the golden age of Carnatic music was considered to be during the reigns of Kings Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1794–1868), Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1862–1894), Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1884–1940) and Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar (1919–1974). The reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is regarded as particularly important in musical terms. The instruments normally used to play compositions were the veena, the rudra veena, the violin, the tambura, the ghatam, the flute, the mridangam, the nagaswaram, the swarabhat. Instruments such as the harmonium, the sitar", "and the jaltarang, though uncommon to the southern region, came into use and British influence popularised the saxophone and the piano. The royalty of this dynasty were noted composers and proficient in playing musical instruments both solo and in concert with others. The different styles of compositions included jati swara, swara jati, varna, kriti, javali (a light lyric), tillana and pallavi. It was not unusual for the composers and the kings who patronised them to be experts at instrumental music as well. So proficient were the musicians at their chosen instrument(s) that the name of the instrument became a part" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "was appointed as the first Indian Surgeon-General of Madras. After his retirement from the government medical service in 1948, Cherian became increasingly active in politics. He was an alderman of the Corporation of Madras in 1948 and, in 1949, became mayor of the city. His wife, Tara, whom he married in 1935, was elected to this office in 1956, making the Cherians the only couple to have held the office of the Mayor of Madras. Tara, who died in November 2000, was the first woman mayor of independent India and was herself a Member of the Legislative Council during M.", "money-lending business in the later half of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century. At an early age, AVM envisioned better prospects in the trade of manufacturing records than simply selling them. Hence, he moved to Madras with his friends K.S. Narayan Iyengar and Subbaiah Chettiar and established a new firm called Saraswathi Stores on 9 September 1932. This new firm also manufactured gramophone records apart from selling them. In this new venture, he got excellent support from the manager K.P. Varadachari and his lawyer friend Thoothukudi Govindachari Raghavachari. Some of AVM's early productions were dramas on", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but", "they said. Bartók was just a name for me. I had no idea who he was. (...) Bartók played one of his own pieces with his wife: Sonata composed for two pianos and percussions, I believe one of the most important works of the 20th century. It was a world premiere. Where I sat, I had an excellent view of Bartók's hands. I was mesmerized. I had never thought there was music outside of Bach, Mozart and Mussorgsky. I became completely drunk on that music. (...) I understood immediately that I am not my own contemporary. Endre Rozsda encountered a" ]

[ "to transcribe Azerbaijani folk music into Western notation. His piece entitled Polish Patrol was published in Los Angeles in 1895 by The Barlett Music Co. with a portrait of the composer on the cover, and his Awaking the Lion was very popular in 1870s California. A sign of his popularity is the fact that The Etude used his Dance des Sorcières as their first title when they began publishing sheet music in 1883. They also published his Persian March op. 369 in the December 1891 issue of the magazine. Anton de Kontski Anton de Kontski (27 October 1817, Kraków7 December", "cantors with own compositions, especially in the tropes (extended musical items added to existing liturgical texts). According to James Grier, Professor of Music History in the Don Wright Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario, Adémar was the first person to write music using the musical notation still in use today. He placed the musical notes above the text, higher or lower according to the pitch. Professor Grier states that Placement on the vertical axis remains the standard convention for indicating pitch in notation in Western culture and there is far greater weight on pitch than on many", "over one hundred years ago. Project Gutenberg makes tens of thousands of public domain books available online as ebooks. People have been creating music for millennia. The first musical notation system, the Music of Mesopotamia system, was created 4000 years ago. Guido of Arezzo introduced Latin musical notation in the 10th century. This laid the foundation for the preservation of global music in the public domain, a distinction formalized alongside copyright systems in the 17th Century. Musicians copyrighted their publications of musical notation as literary writings, but performing copyrighted pieces and creating derivative works were not restricted by early copyright", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "Visions, op. 145. He wrote one opera, Villon, in 1967. His book Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice (1969/1979) attempted to catalogue the rapidly changing landscape of notation for contemporary western art music. Gardner Read Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar. His first musical studies were in piano and organ, and he also took lessons in counterpoint and composition at the School of Music at Northwestern University. In 1932 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to the Eastman School of Music (B.M. and", "the key signature and accidentals while playing. The notation was designed to help players who struggle with sight-reading, including those who suffer from working memory impairments, dyslexia and other learning difficulties. Peter Hayes George (1927-2012) was born in Quebec, Canada, the son of a diplomat. He attended RADA and began his career as an actor playing roles such as the lead in ‘Malachi's Cove’ directed by Charles Frank and the juvenile lead in Peter Brook's London West End production Dark of the Moon. In the 1960s he gave up acting as shortcomings with his working memory made it difficult for", "in the old Balinese script. Composers and scholars both Indonesian and foreign have also mapped the slendro and pelog tuning systems of gamelan onto the western staff, with and without various symbols for microtones. The Dutch composer Ton de Leeuw also invented a three line staff for his composition Gending. However, these systems do not enjoy widespread use. In the second half of the twentieth century, Indonesian musicians and scholars extended cipher notation to other oral traditions, and a diatonic scale cipher notation has become common for notating western-related genres (church hymns, popular songs, and so forth). Unlike the cipher" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "exhaustion, and a constant awareness of the shadow of death; and bedeviled by visual hallucinations (possibly produced by temporal lobe epilepsy), Chopin, notes Kogan, not coinciden[tally] composed the most famous funeral march in history. Robert Schumann (1810–56): Manic episodes in the course of his bipolar disorder brought periods of explosive creativity, but he died in a mental institution by self-starvation. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky 1840–93): As a closeted homosexual in czarist Russia, he was deeply depressed for many years and may have ended his life by suicide. Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868 – 1917): the King of Ragtime, born in the", "Ralph Tomlinson, the president of the society, and were inspired by the 6th-century BC Greek lyric poet, Anacreon, who wrote odes on the pleasures of love and wine. The song became popular in Britain and also America following the establishment of several Anacreontic Societies there. Smith never married. Smith later became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1784, organist for the Chapel Royal in 1802 and Master of the Children in 1805. he also became lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey. He was organist at the Three Choirs Festival held at Gloucester in 1790. Smith is considered to be the first", "Tempore. With the American cellist Theodore Mook, he designed a font, now widely adopted, for use with computer printing programs, based on his set of accidentals, which are sufficient for 72-note music. His music is published by Frog Peak Music and Diapason Press (Corpus Microtonale). As his award citation from the American Academy of Arts and Letters attests: Ezra Sims has already contributed an outstanding body of works, many of which have explored with singular imagination, conviction and success the beautiful but elusive world of microtonal music. Ezra Sims Ezra Sims (January 16, 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama — January 30,", "little Mozart. Salzedo's mother died just two years later when he was five. The family then moved to Bordeaux and a Basque woman, Marthe Tatibouet Bidebérripé, was hired to care for and help raise the children. Salzedo became deeply attached to her, and liked to think of himself as being culturally Basque. He himself attributed, in interviews, his fondness for meters in five beats to the Basque traditional music. Léon-Charles, having begun playing piano by the age of three, wrote his first composition, a polka called Moustique (Mosquito), which was published when he was just five years old. Though lost,", "Mexico City and was one of the founders (and later Director) of Mexico's first hospital for women and children, the Casa de Maternidad e Infancia. Ortega also had a parallel career as a musician. His first composition the Marcha Zaragoza (1862), was named for the Mexican patriot and general, Ignacio Zaragoza, and became Mexico's second national anthem. He composed two other marches, Potosina and Republicana and several piano pieces, most notably Invocación a Beethoven, first performed in 1867. In 1866, he became one of the founders of the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana (Mexican Philharmonic Society) which played a crucial role in", "of the first to bring this form to the popular consciousness through his broadcasts on the BBC. He also founded the Stour Music Festival in 1962, one of the first and most important early music festivals in the world. Deller was born in Margate, a seaside resort in Kent. As a boy, he sang in his local church choir. When his voice broke, he continued singing in his high register, eventually settling as a countertenor. Deller was initially employed as a lay clerk at Canterbury Cathedral from 1940 to 1947, before joining the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1947–62). From", "carriage and received concussion of the brain, which disabled him for some years. He found relief in music. His first public composition was an anthem-like setting of Heber's From Greenland's Icy Mountains, the proceeds of which (180l.) he devoted to the Church Missionary Society. In 1836 appeared Op. 36, An Evening Service in E flat and One Hundred Antiphonal Chants. One of these, a Recte et Retro chant in C, sometimes called Worcester chant, became very widely known. In the same year the Gresham prize medal was awarded him for an Evening Service in A, Op. 37. In 1841 a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "playing the Nature Calls music track. When this action was completed, a secret song with bizarre lyrics was played. Spectral analysis of the song's waveform revealed Morse code, and analysis of the rest of the game's music in the same fashion revealed the URL www.fixedpatternencodes.com. The website then started to update with images that represented letters in the alphabet; for example, a picture of an apple falling from a tree, commonly associated with Isaac Newton, represented the letter N. The message BIG FREEZE WITH NO COMPLETE END, derived from the pictures, was entered into the website to unlock a new", "leave this whorish nation behind and not share in her immorality to keep from sharing in her judgement. () The time code in the monitor sometimes changes the last digit for a letter. This eventually spells out THE_TURNEDTO_. In addition, several Bible verses that reference water and blood are shown throughout the video. Isaiah 15:9 on the graffiti wall, John 19:34 on the picture of Jesus behind the couple, and II Kings 3:22 and Exodus 7:21 in the board behind the man with the laptop. This led to the discovery of the Year Zero website, which was a collage of", "added as well, but Harris said that the key Abrahimic figures—Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, are not that interesting in character design or gameplay. LittleBigPlanet (2008) had a last-minute delay involving a licensed song in the game's soundtrack, after a PlayStation Community member reported the lyrics to one of the licensed songs in the game included passages from the Qur'an and could therefore be offensive to Muslims. However, no actual complaints regarding the music were made. The song, entitled Tapha Niang, was by Malian artist Toumani Diabaté, himself a devout Muslim. The game was patched twice, the day before its", "is the primary one; an incidental non-infringing use is not enough. Among the amicus curiae briefs: In April 2003, Los Angeles federal judge Stephen Wilson ruled in favor of Grokster and Streamcast (providers of Morpheus P2P software) against the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America and held that their file sharing software was not illegal. On 20 August 2003, the decision was appealed by the RIAA and the MPAA. On 17 August 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a partial ruling supporting Grokster, holding This appeal presents the", "Religious Society (Wampano or Men of the Dawn, Powwauwoag, Medarennawawg, and others) had the biggest longhouses for ceremonial purposes.The algongin use shells as money. The Long Water Land people were well known for their elm bark canoes (light and fast for easy portage), and to dugout canoes, used for trade and war. They reckoned the passing of time by a lunar calendar and an eight-part ceremonial cycle, using various lithic and earth features as observatories to determine the phases of the sun, moon, and stars for planting, harvest, and ceremonies. Momauguin, Quinnipiac Grand Sachem in 1638, signed the First Treaty" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "King Jr., Nikita Khrushchev, American race riots, the Ku Klux Klan, Buddhist monks, and bodies of dead soldiers. The only narration in the film is a man's voice yelling the text of Proverbs 10:12, Hate stirreth up strife, while love covereth all sins. The film ends with written text: ANYONE FOR SURVIVAL, followed by End and ?. The film is included in the documentary A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope, which was released on the DVD and Blu-ray releases of Lucas' first feature film, THX 1138. Look at Life (film) Look at Life is a short", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population. There were 713 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of", "(war trumpet), which had a fixed length. In Germany, the original word was Posaune, appearing about 1450 and is still used today. This (as well as bason) derives from busine, which is Latinate and meant straight trumpet. In Italy it was (and remains) trombone, which derived from trumpet in the Latin tromba or drompten, used in the Low Countries. The first records of it being used are around 1440, but it is not clear whether this was just a nickname for a trumpet player. In 1487 a writer links the words trompone and sacqueboute and mentions the instrument as playing", "the Janissaries was noted for its powerful percussion and shrill winds combining kös (giant timpani), davul (bass drum), zurna (a loud shawm), naffir, or boru (natural trumpet), çevgan bells, triangle (a borrowing from Europe), and cymbals (zil), among others. Janissary music influenced European classical musicians such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven, both of whom composed music in the Turkish style. Examples include Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11 (c. 1783), Beethoven's incidental music for The Ruins of Athens (1811), and the final movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, although the Beethoven example is now considered a march rather" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "carpets, together with Pseudo-Kufic script offer an interesting example of the integration of Eastern elements into European painting, most particularly those depicting religious subjects. A number of musical instruments used in European music were influenced by Arabic musical instruments, including the rebec (an ancestor of the violin) from the rebab and the naker from naqareh The oud is cited as one of several precursors to the modern guitar. Some scholars believe that the troubadors may have had Arabian origins, with Magda Bogin stating that the Arab poetic and musical tradition was one of several influences on European courtly love poetry.", "pointed to the melodic flow with his hands. The main singer, protopsalt, was singing the shortened melodic preparation of the song at the beginning, which was the formula for the entire musical work. After that, he would began to sing a sing, in one voice, accompanied by the choir. In the case of melismatic melodies, the task of the choir was only to keep its drone tone, ison. The most used materials among the lower classes were wool, flax and hemp. Rich ones used silk, velvet and taffeta which were imported from Italy, Greece and Flanders via Dubrovnik. In time,", "Zajc) after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s. There are several Slovene literary magazines that publish prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism. Music of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the Renaissance composer Jacobus Gallus (1550–1591), who greatly influenced Central European classical music and the Baroque composer Janez Krstnik Dolar (ca. 1620–1673). During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers. By the time of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, Eni Psalmi, was published in", "of the Byzantines along with the urghun (organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the salandj (probably a bagpipe). The hurdy-gurdy was (and still is) a mechanical violin using a rosined wooden wheel attached to a crank to bow its strings. Instruments without sound boxes like the jaw harp were also popular. Early versions of the pipe organ, fiddle (or vielle), and a precursor to the modern trombone (called the sackbut) were used. Medieval music was composed and, for some vocal and instrumental music, improvised for many different music genres (styles of music). Medieval music created for" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "said that he is the inventor of logical music. After the Rational Melodies, he developed more complex techniques using mathematical notions. This began with the collection of Music for 88 (1988), where he applied ideas of Eratosthenes, Euler, Mersenne and Blaise Pascal. Later he collaborated with living mathematicians, particularly Jean-Paul Allouche, Emmanuel Amiot, Jeffrey Dinitz and Franck Jedrzejewski. With them he explored the notions of self-similar melodies (Loops for orchestra, 1998), tiling patterns (Tilework, 2003), and block designs (Block Design for Piano, 2005), along with homometric pairs (Intervals, 2013). But these mathematical foundations are not the only aspect of the", "the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700. While the clavichord allowed expressive control of volume and sustain, it was too quiet for large performances. The harpsichord produced a sufficiently loud sound, but offered little expressive control over each note. The piano offered the best of both, combining loudness with dynamic control. Cristofori's great success was solving, with no prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "by the use of a terminology for music that, according to the approximate dating of the texts, was in use for over 1,000 years. Much of Chinese music history and theory remains unclear. The earliest texts about Chinese music theory are inscribed on the stone and bronze bells excavated in 1978 from the tomb of Marquis Yi (died 433 BCE) of the Zeng state. They include more than 2800 words describing theories and practices of music pitches of the time. The bells produce two intertwined pentatonic scales three tones apart with additional pitches completing the chromatic scale. Chinese theory starts" ]

[ "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "which Ali-Naqi Vaziri was the director and where he studied the piano under the music master Tatiana Kharatian (تاتیانا خاراطیان). During this period he studied works by Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven and Bach. In addition to studying western classical music, he studied Persian classical music under Ali-Naqi Vaziri. Ma'roufi married at eighteen with Shams Zamān (شـمس زمان). They had four children, two daughters — Sho'kooh-Zamān (شکوه زمان), also known as Giti (گـیتی), and Jilā (ژیلا) — and two sons, Manouchehr (منوچهر), and Farhād (فـرهاد). Ma'roufi was one of the most notable composers of the Persian classical music and one of the", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "and Telugu under the pen name Balachandra. Visiting musicians were Pallavi Sheshayyar, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer and Patnam Subramanyam Iyer. This period, as during the time of the predecessor king, was an important era of music in Mysore, especially for Kannada compositions. The King himself was educated in Kannada, English, Sanskrit, the sciences and was knowledgeable in Tamil and Urdu as well. He was well versed in playing musical instruments including the veena, violin, mridangam, nagaswara, sitar, and harmonium as well as Western instruments such as the saxophone and piano. He encouraged his musicians to compose in the Carnatic, Hindustani and", "instruments, the types of compositions, the raga (melodies) and the tala (rhythms) used. Though all the Mysore kings patronised music, the golden age of Carnatic music was considered to be during the reigns of Kings Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1794–1868), Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1862–1894), Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1884–1940) and Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar (1919–1974). The reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is regarded as particularly important in musical terms. The instruments normally used to play compositions were the veena, the rudra veena, the violin, the tambura, the ghatam, the flute, the mridangam, the nagaswaram, the swarabhat. Instruments such as the harmonium, the sitar", "and the jaltarang, though uncommon to the southern region, came into use and British influence popularised the saxophone and the piano. The royalty of this dynasty were noted composers and proficient in playing musical instruments both solo and in concert with others. The different styles of compositions included jati swara, swara jati, varna, kriti, javali (a light lyric), tillana and pallavi. It was not unusual for the composers and the kings who patronised them to be experts at instrumental music as well. So proficient were the musicians at their chosen instrument(s) that the name of the instrument became a part" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "was appointed as the first Indian Surgeon-General of Madras. After his retirement from the government medical service in 1948, Cherian became increasingly active in politics. He was an alderman of the Corporation of Madras in 1948 and, in 1949, became mayor of the city. His wife, Tara, whom he married in 1935, was elected to this office in 1956, making the Cherians the only couple to have held the office of the Mayor of Madras. Tara, who died in November 2000, was the first woman mayor of independent India and was herself a Member of the Legislative Council during M.", "money-lending business in the later half of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century. At an early age, AVM envisioned better prospects in the trade of manufacturing records than simply selling them. Hence, he moved to Madras with his friends K.S. Narayan Iyengar and Subbaiah Chettiar and established a new firm called Saraswathi Stores on 9 September 1932. This new firm also manufactured gramophone records apart from selling them. In this new venture, he got excellent support from the manager K.P. Varadachari and his lawyer friend Thoothukudi Govindachari Raghavachari. Some of AVM's early productions were dramas on", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but", "they said. Bartók was just a name for me. I had no idea who he was. (...) Bartók played one of his own pieces with his wife: Sonata composed for two pianos and percussions, I believe one of the most important works of the 20th century. It was a world premiere. Where I sat, I had an excellent view of Bartók's hands. I was mesmerized. I had never thought there was music outside of Bach, Mozart and Mussorgsky. I became completely drunk on that music. (...) I understood immediately that I am not my own contemporary. Endre Rozsda encountered a" ]

[ "to transcribe Azerbaijani folk music into Western notation. His piece entitled Polish Patrol was published in Los Angeles in 1895 by The Barlett Music Co. with a portrait of the composer on the cover, and his Awaking the Lion was very popular in 1870s California. A sign of his popularity is the fact that The Etude used his Dance des Sorcières as their first title when they began publishing sheet music in 1883. They also published his Persian March op. 369 in the December 1891 issue of the magazine. Anton de Kontski Anton de Kontski (27 October 1817, Kraków7 December", "cantors with own compositions, especially in the tropes (extended musical items added to existing liturgical texts). According to James Grier, Professor of Music History in the Don Wright Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario, Adémar was the first person to write music using the musical notation still in use today. He placed the musical notes above the text, higher or lower according to the pitch. Professor Grier states that Placement on the vertical axis remains the standard convention for indicating pitch in notation in Western culture and there is far greater weight on pitch than on many", "over one hundred years ago. Project Gutenberg makes tens of thousands of public domain books available online as ebooks. People have been creating music for millennia. The first musical notation system, the Music of Mesopotamia system, was created 4000 years ago. Guido of Arezzo introduced Latin musical notation in the 10th century. This laid the foundation for the preservation of global music in the public domain, a distinction formalized alongside copyright systems in the 17th Century. Musicians copyrighted their publications of musical notation as literary writings, but performing copyrighted pieces and creating derivative works were not restricted by early copyright", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "Visions, op. 145. He wrote one opera, Villon, in 1967. His book Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice (1969/1979) attempted to catalogue the rapidly changing landscape of notation for contemporary western art music. Gardner Read Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar. His first musical studies were in piano and organ, and he also took lessons in counterpoint and composition at the School of Music at Northwestern University. In 1932 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to the Eastman School of Music (B.M. and", "the key signature and accidentals while playing. The notation was designed to help players who struggle with sight-reading, including those who suffer from working memory impairments, dyslexia and other learning difficulties. Peter Hayes George (1927-2012) was born in Quebec, Canada, the son of a diplomat. He attended RADA and began his career as an actor playing roles such as the lead in ‘Malachi's Cove’ directed by Charles Frank and the juvenile lead in Peter Brook's London West End production Dark of the Moon. In the 1960s he gave up acting as shortcomings with his working memory made it difficult for", "in the old Balinese script. Composers and scholars both Indonesian and foreign have also mapped the slendro and pelog tuning systems of gamelan onto the western staff, with and without various symbols for microtones. The Dutch composer Ton de Leeuw also invented a three line staff for his composition Gending. However, these systems do not enjoy widespread use. In the second half of the twentieth century, Indonesian musicians and scholars extended cipher notation to other oral traditions, and a diatonic scale cipher notation has become common for notating western-related genres (church hymns, popular songs, and so forth). Unlike the cipher" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "exhaustion, and a constant awareness of the shadow of death; and bedeviled by visual hallucinations (possibly produced by temporal lobe epilepsy), Chopin, notes Kogan, not coinciden[tally] composed the most famous funeral march in history. Robert Schumann (1810–56): Manic episodes in the course of his bipolar disorder brought periods of explosive creativity, but he died in a mental institution by self-starvation. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky 1840–93): As a closeted homosexual in czarist Russia, he was deeply depressed for many years and may have ended his life by suicide. Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868 – 1917): the King of Ragtime, born in the", "Ralph Tomlinson, the president of the society, and were inspired by the 6th-century BC Greek lyric poet, Anacreon, who wrote odes on the pleasures of love and wine. The song became popular in Britain and also America following the establishment of several Anacreontic Societies there. Smith never married. Smith later became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1784, organist for the Chapel Royal in 1802 and Master of the Children in 1805. he also became lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey. He was organist at the Three Choirs Festival held at Gloucester in 1790. Smith is considered to be the first", "Tempore. With the American cellist Theodore Mook, he designed a font, now widely adopted, for use with computer printing programs, based on his set of accidentals, which are sufficient for 72-note music. His music is published by Frog Peak Music and Diapason Press (Corpus Microtonale). As his award citation from the American Academy of Arts and Letters attests: Ezra Sims has already contributed an outstanding body of works, many of which have explored with singular imagination, conviction and success the beautiful but elusive world of microtonal music. Ezra Sims Ezra Sims (January 16, 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama — January 30,", "little Mozart. Salzedo's mother died just two years later when he was five. The family then moved to Bordeaux and a Basque woman, Marthe Tatibouet Bidebérripé, was hired to care for and help raise the children. Salzedo became deeply attached to her, and liked to think of himself as being culturally Basque. He himself attributed, in interviews, his fondness for meters in five beats to the Basque traditional music. Léon-Charles, having begun playing piano by the age of three, wrote his first composition, a polka called Moustique (Mosquito), which was published when he was just five years old. Though lost,", "Mexico City and was one of the founders (and later Director) of Mexico's first hospital for women and children, the Casa de Maternidad e Infancia. Ortega also had a parallel career as a musician. His first composition the Marcha Zaragoza (1862), was named for the Mexican patriot and general, Ignacio Zaragoza, and became Mexico's second national anthem. He composed two other marches, Potosina and Republicana and several piano pieces, most notably Invocación a Beethoven, first performed in 1867. In 1866, he became one of the founders of the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana (Mexican Philharmonic Society) which played a crucial role in", "of the first to bring this form to the popular consciousness through his broadcasts on the BBC. He also founded the Stour Music Festival in 1962, one of the first and most important early music festivals in the world. Deller was born in Margate, a seaside resort in Kent. As a boy, he sang in his local church choir. When his voice broke, he continued singing in his high register, eventually settling as a countertenor. Deller was initially employed as a lay clerk at Canterbury Cathedral from 1940 to 1947, before joining the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1947–62). From", "carriage and received concussion of the brain, which disabled him for some years. He found relief in music. His first public composition was an anthem-like setting of Heber's From Greenland's Icy Mountains, the proceeds of which (180l.) he devoted to the Church Missionary Society. In 1836 appeared Op. 36, An Evening Service in E flat and One Hundred Antiphonal Chants. One of these, a Recte et Retro chant in C, sometimes called Worcester chant, became very widely known. In the same year the Gresham prize medal was awarded him for an Evening Service in A, Op. 37. In 1841 a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "playing the Nature Calls music track. When this action was completed, a secret song with bizarre lyrics was played. Spectral analysis of the song's waveform revealed Morse code, and analysis of the rest of the game's music in the same fashion revealed the URL www.fixedpatternencodes.com. The website then started to update with images that represented letters in the alphabet; for example, a picture of an apple falling from a tree, commonly associated with Isaac Newton, represented the letter N. The message BIG FREEZE WITH NO COMPLETE END, derived from the pictures, was entered into the website to unlock a new", "leave this whorish nation behind and not share in her immorality to keep from sharing in her judgement. () The time code in the monitor sometimes changes the last digit for a letter. This eventually spells out THE_TURNEDTO_. In addition, several Bible verses that reference water and blood are shown throughout the video. Isaiah 15:9 on the graffiti wall, John 19:34 on the picture of Jesus behind the couple, and II Kings 3:22 and Exodus 7:21 in the board behind the man with the laptop. This led to the discovery of the Year Zero website, which was a collage of", "added as well, but Harris said that the key Abrahimic figures—Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, are not that interesting in character design or gameplay. LittleBigPlanet (2008) had a last-minute delay involving a licensed song in the game's soundtrack, after a PlayStation Community member reported the lyrics to one of the licensed songs in the game included passages from the Qur'an and could therefore be offensive to Muslims. However, no actual complaints regarding the music were made. The song, entitled Tapha Niang, was by Malian artist Toumani Diabaté, himself a devout Muslim. The game was patched twice, the day before its", "is the primary one; an incidental non-infringing use is not enough. Among the amicus curiae briefs: In April 2003, Los Angeles federal judge Stephen Wilson ruled in favor of Grokster and Streamcast (providers of Morpheus P2P software) against the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America and held that their file sharing software was not illegal. On 20 August 2003, the decision was appealed by the RIAA and the MPAA. On 17 August 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a partial ruling supporting Grokster, holding This appeal presents the", "Religious Society (Wampano or Men of the Dawn, Powwauwoag, Medarennawawg, and others) had the biggest longhouses for ceremonial purposes.The algongin use shells as money. The Long Water Land people were well known for their elm bark canoes (light and fast for easy portage), and to dugout canoes, used for trade and war. They reckoned the passing of time by a lunar calendar and an eight-part ceremonial cycle, using various lithic and earth features as observatories to determine the phases of the sun, moon, and stars for planting, harvest, and ceremonies. Momauguin, Quinnipiac Grand Sachem in 1638, signed the First Treaty" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "King Jr., Nikita Khrushchev, American race riots, the Ku Klux Klan, Buddhist monks, and bodies of dead soldiers. The only narration in the film is a man's voice yelling the text of Proverbs 10:12, Hate stirreth up strife, while love covereth all sins. The film ends with written text: ANYONE FOR SURVIVAL, followed by End and ?. The film is included in the documentary A Legacy of Filmmakers: The Early Years of American Zoetrope, which was released on the DVD and Blu-ray releases of Lucas' first feature film, THX 1138. Look at Life (film) Look at Life is a short", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population. There were 713 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of", "(war trumpet), which had a fixed length. In Germany, the original word was Posaune, appearing about 1450 and is still used today. This (as well as bason) derives from busine, which is Latinate and meant straight trumpet. In Italy it was (and remains) trombone, which derived from trumpet in the Latin tromba or drompten, used in the Low Countries. The first records of it being used are around 1440, but it is not clear whether this was just a nickname for a trumpet player. In 1487 a writer links the words trompone and sacqueboute and mentions the instrument as playing", "the Janissaries was noted for its powerful percussion and shrill winds combining kös (giant timpani), davul (bass drum), zurna (a loud shawm), naffir, or boru (natural trumpet), çevgan bells, triangle (a borrowing from Europe), and cymbals (zil), among others. Janissary music influenced European classical musicians such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven, both of whom composed music in the Turkish style. Examples include Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11 (c. 1783), Beethoven's incidental music for The Ruins of Athens (1811), and the final movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, although the Beethoven example is now considered a march rather" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "music and dance), compiled from sources of the Chou period (9th-5th centuries BC) and corresponding to the four seasons and four winds. The eight-fold system of pa yin (八音 eight sounds, octave), from the same source, occurred gradually, and in the legendary Emperor Zhun's time (3rd millennium BC) it is believed to have been presented in the following order: metal (chin), stone (shih), silk (ssu), bamboo (che), gourd (piao), clay (t'u), leather (hoes), and wood (mutt) classes, and it correlated to the eight seasons and eight winds of Chinese culture, autumn and west, autumn-winter and NW, summer and south, spring", "carpets, together with Pseudo-Kufic script offer an interesting example of the integration of Eastern elements into European painting, most particularly those depicting religious subjects. A number of musical instruments used in European music were influenced by Arabic musical instruments, including the rebec (an ancestor of the violin) from the rebab and the naker from naqareh The oud is cited as one of several precursors to the modern guitar. Some scholars believe that the troubadors may have had Arabian origins, with Magda Bogin stating that the Arab poetic and musical tradition was one of several influences on European courtly love poetry.", "pointed to the melodic flow with his hands. The main singer, protopsalt, was singing the shortened melodic preparation of the song at the beginning, which was the formula for the entire musical work. After that, he would began to sing a sing, in one voice, accompanied by the choir. In the case of melismatic melodies, the task of the choir was only to keep its drone tone, ison. The most used materials among the lower classes were wool, flax and hemp. Rich ones used silk, velvet and taffeta which were imported from Italy, Greece and Flanders via Dubrovnik. In time,", "Zajc) after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s. There are several Slovene literary magazines that publish prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism. Music of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the Renaissance composer Jacobus Gallus (1550–1591), who greatly influenced Central European classical music and the Baroque composer Janez Krstnik Dolar (ca. 1620–1673). During the medieval era, secular music was as popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers. By the time of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, Eni Psalmi, was published in", "of the Byzantines along with the urghun (organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the salandj (probably a bagpipe). The hurdy-gurdy was (and still is) a mechanical violin using a rosined wooden wheel attached to a crank to bow its strings. Instruments without sound boxes like the jaw harp were also popular. Early versions of the pipe organ, fiddle (or vielle), and a precursor to the modern trombone (called the sackbut) were used. Medieval music was composed and, for some vocal and instrumental music, improvised for many different music genres (styles of music). Medieval music created for" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "said that he is the inventor of logical music. After the Rational Melodies, he developed more complex techniques using mathematical notions. This began with the collection of Music for 88 (1988), where he applied ideas of Eratosthenes, Euler, Mersenne and Blaise Pascal. Later he collaborated with living mathematicians, particularly Jean-Paul Allouche, Emmanuel Amiot, Jeffrey Dinitz and Franck Jedrzejewski. With them he explored the notions of self-similar melodies (Loops for orchestra, 1998), tiling patterns (Tilework, 2003), and block designs (Block Design for Piano, 2005), along with homometric pairs (Intervals, 2013). But these mathematical foundations are not the only aspect of the", "the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700. While the clavichord allowed expressive control of volume and sustain, it was too quiet for large performances. The harpsichord produced a sufficiently loud sound, but offered little expressive control over each note. The piano offered the best of both, combining loudness with dynamic control. Cristofori's great success was solving, with no prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways", "main contribution to the world of letters was the study of classic musical theory as it existed in antiquity. Between 1635 and 1639 he wrote a Treatise on Music for the Theatre (Trattato della musica scenica) which provides important history details for early opera. In the eleventh century, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo developed a six-note ascending scale that went as follows: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and named the Aretinian syllables after him. The names were taken from the first verse of the Latin hymn Ut queant laxis, where the syllables fall on their corresponding scale degree.", "by the use of a terminology for music that, according to the approximate dating of the texts, was in use for over 1,000 years. Much of Chinese music history and theory remains unclear. The earliest texts about Chinese music theory are inscribed on the stone and bronze bells excavated in 1978 from the tomb of Marquis Yi (died 433 BCE) of the Zeng state. They include more than 2800 words describing theories and practices of music pitches of the time. The bells produce two intertwined pentatonic scales three tones apart with additional pitches completing the chromatic scale. Chinese theory starts" ]

[ "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "which Ali-Naqi Vaziri was the director and where he studied the piano under the music master Tatiana Kharatian (تاتیانا خاراطیان). During this period he studied works by Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven and Bach. In addition to studying western classical music, he studied Persian classical music under Ali-Naqi Vaziri. Ma'roufi married at eighteen with Shams Zamān (شـمس زمان). They had four children, two daughters — Sho'kooh-Zamān (شکوه زمان), also known as Giti (گـیتی), and Jilā (ژیلا) — and two sons, Manouchehr (منوچهر), and Farhād (فـرهاد). Ma'roufi was one of the most notable composers of the Persian classical music and one of the", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "Antić. Included in the bibliography are entries documenting translations of Velimirović's writings, primarily into Greek, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. Miloš Velimirović Miloš Milorad Velimirović (December 10, 1922 – April 18, 2008) was an American musicologist. Twice a recipient of a Fulbright fellowship, he was considered an international expert in the areas of Byzantine music, the history of Slavonic music, and the history of Italian opera in the 18th century. Velimirović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to Milorad and Desanka (Jovanović) Velimirović, a physician and a piano teacher respectively. In his boyhood in Serbia, he learned to play the violin and piano.", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "and Telugu under the pen name Balachandra. Visiting musicians were Pallavi Sheshayyar, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer and Patnam Subramanyam Iyer. This period, as during the time of the predecessor king, was an important era of music in Mysore, especially for Kannada compositions. The King himself was educated in Kannada, English, Sanskrit, the sciences and was knowledgeable in Tamil and Urdu as well. He was well versed in playing musical instruments including the veena, violin, mridangam, nagaswara, sitar, and harmonium as well as Western instruments such as the saxophone and piano. He encouraged his musicians to compose in the Carnatic, Hindustani and", "instruments, the types of compositions, the raga (melodies) and the tala (rhythms) used. Though all the Mysore kings patronised music, the golden age of Carnatic music was considered to be during the reigns of Kings Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1794–1868), Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1862–1894), Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1884–1940) and Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar (1919–1974). The reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is regarded as particularly important in musical terms. The instruments normally used to play compositions were the veena, the rudra veena, the violin, the tambura, the ghatam, the flute, the mridangam, the nagaswaram, the swarabhat. Instruments such as the harmonium, the sitar", "and the jaltarang, though uncommon to the southern region, came into use and British influence popularised the saxophone and the piano. The royalty of this dynasty were noted composers and proficient in playing musical instruments both solo and in concert with others. The different styles of compositions included jati swara, swara jati, varna, kriti, javali (a light lyric), tillana and pallavi. It was not unusual for the composers and the kings who patronised them to be experts at instrumental music as well. So proficient were the musicians at their chosen instrument(s) that the name of the instrument became a part" ]

[ "de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte (a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later,", "were orally passed on through generations. In the fifteenth century poet Arunagirinathar composed a series of poems known as Thiruppugazh. Arunagirinathar represents a remarkable blend of Tamil literary genius, a high degree of devotion to Murugan and a musical expertise. Arunagirinathar was one of the first poet to set all his compositions to reverberating music in the style of Santham which means setting the verses within a certain length to conform with rhythm (thala). Arunagirinathar was the pioneer in the art of setting his poems to the sweet sounds of music. Just like the seven octaves in music, Arunagirinathar, is", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "was appointed as the first Indian Surgeon-General of Madras. After his retirement from the government medical service in 1948, Cherian became increasingly active in politics. He was an alderman of the Corporation of Madras in 1948 and, in 1949, became mayor of the city. His wife, Tara, whom he married in 1935, was elected to this office in 1956, making the Cherians the only couple to have held the office of the Mayor of Madras. Tara, who died in November 2000, was the first woman mayor of independent India and was herself a Member of the Legislative Council during M.", "money-lending business in the later half of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century. At an early age, AVM envisioned better prospects in the trade of manufacturing records than simply selling them. Hence, he moved to Madras with his friends K.S. Narayan Iyengar and Subbaiah Chettiar and established a new firm called Saraswathi Stores on 9 September 1932. This new firm also manufactured gramophone records apart from selling them. In this new venture, he got excellent support from the manager K.P. Varadachari and his lawyer friend Thoothukudi Govindachari Raghavachari. Some of AVM's early productions were dramas on", "was highly elaborated from a technical point of view, and although it had a few shortcomings, it nevertheless enabled Alain Daniélou to advance with his theory inspired from the Indian model, and to test its psychoacoustic applications. The prototype was presented in Paris in 1980, namely at the UNESCO International Music Council and the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique / Research and Acoustic/Music Coordination Institute), and afterwards in Bordeaux, Berlin, Rome, etc. Christened as Shiva's organ by the journalist Jean Chalon, the instrument aroused a great deal of interest not only in the field of microtonal music, but", "they said. Bartók was just a name for me. I had no idea who he was. (...) Bartók played one of his own pieces with his wife: Sonata composed for two pianos and percussions, I believe one of the most important works of the 20th century. It was a world premiere. Where I sat, I had an excellent view of Bartók's hands. I was mesmerized. I had never thought there was music outside of Bach, Mozart and Mussorgsky. I became completely drunk on that music. (...) I understood immediately that I am not my own contemporary. Endre Rozsda encountered a" ]

[ "to transcribe Azerbaijani folk music into Western notation. His piece entitled Polish Patrol was published in Los Angeles in 1895 by The Barlett Music Co. with a portrait of the composer on the cover, and his Awaking the Lion was very popular in 1870s California. A sign of his popularity is the fact that The Etude used his Dance des Sorcières as their first title when they began publishing sheet music in 1883. They also published his Persian March op. 369 in the December 1891 issue of the magazine. Anton de Kontski Anton de Kontski (27 October 1817, Kraków7 December", "cantors with own compositions, especially in the tropes (extended musical items added to existing liturgical texts). According to James Grier, Professor of Music History in the Don Wright Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario, Adémar was the first person to write music using the musical notation still in use today. He placed the musical notes above the text, higher or lower according to the pitch. Professor Grier states that Placement on the vertical axis remains the standard convention for indicating pitch in notation in Western culture and there is far greater weight on pitch than on many", "over one hundred years ago. Project Gutenberg makes tens of thousands of public domain books available online as ebooks. People have been creating music for millennia. The first musical notation system, the Music of Mesopotamia system, was created 4000 years ago. Guido of Arezzo introduced Latin musical notation in the 10th century. This laid the foundation for the preservation of global music in the public domain, a distinction formalized alongside copyright systems in the 17th Century. Musicians copyrighted their publications of musical notation as literary writings, but performing copyrighted pieces and creating derivative works were not restricted by early copyright", "Nicolas Astrinidis Nicolas Astrinidis (Greek: ; Cetatea Albă, 6 May 1921– Thessaloniki, 10 December 2010) was a Romanian-born Greek composer, pianist, conductor, and educator, known for his large-scale symphonic oratorios St. Demetrios (1962), Symphony 1821 (1971), and Alexander the Great's Youth (1995). After receiving diplomas in piano performance and composition from the Schola Cantorum de Paris, Astrinidis embarked on an international career as pianist (soloist or accompanist). During the 1950s and the early 1960s, he toured East Asia and the Americas, performing in cities, such as Evanston and Hong Kong. He collaborated with renowned performers of the period, such as", "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "Visions, op. 145. He wrote one opera, Villon, in 1967. His book Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice (1969/1979) attempted to catalogue the rapidly changing landscape of notation for contemporary western art music. Gardner Read Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar. His first musical studies were in piano and organ, and he also took lessons in counterpoint and composition at the School of Music at Northwestern University. In 1932 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to the Eastman School of Music (B.M. and", "the key signature and accidentals while playing. The notation was designed to help players who struggle with sight-reading, including those who suffer from working memory impairments, dyslexia and other learning difficulties. Peter Hayes George (1927-2012) was born in Quebec, Canada, the son of a diplomat. He attended RADA and began his career as an actor playing roles such as the lead in ‘Malachi's Cove’ directed by Charles Frank and the juvenile lead in Peter Brook's London West End production Dark of the Moon. In the 1960s he gave up acting as shortcomings with his working memory made it difficult for", "in the old Balinese script. Composers and scholars both Indonesian and foreign have also mapped the slendro and pelog tuning systems of gamelan onto the western staff, with and without various symbols for microtones. The Dutch composer Ton de Leeuw also invented a three line staff for his composition Gending. However, these systems do not enjoy widespread use. In the second half of the twentieth century, Indonesian musicians and scholars extended cipher notation to other oral traditions, and a diatonic scale cipher notation has become common for notating western-related genres (church hymns, popular songs, and so forth). Unlike the cipher" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "originated among the Hela civilization of Sri Lanka in the time of King Ravana. This string instrument has been recognised as one of the oldest string instruments in world history. The history of musical development in Iran (Persian music) dates back to the prehistoric era. The great legendary king, Jamshid, is credited with the invention of music. Music in Iran can be traced back to the days of the Elamite Empire (2500–644 BC). Fragmentary documents from various periods of the country's history establish that the ancient Persians possessed an elaborate musical culture. The Sassanid period (AD 226–651), in particular, has", "in 1830, which attempted to train British musicians to the same standards as those of the continent. Its first principal was the oratorio composer Dr William Crotch (1745–1847), and the first tutor of piano was Cipriani Potter (1792–1871). Potter was the first London performer of Mozart and Beethoven concerti. He wrote nine symphonies and four piano concerti and as principal from 1832-59 was highly influential in the development of British music and the profession of musician. The significance of classical music in Ireland, and to a degree its place in conflicting British and Irish identities, was signalled by the foundation", "deep socioeconomic divisions. Land ownership and the possession of chattel slavery became an integral component of a gentleman's livelihood, while in the north, the idea of a landed aristocracy never carried as much weight. Perhaps the most influential early composer was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. Rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities", "1980s, of computer-based score writer programs for notating music. Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music, including classical music, popular music, and traditional music. The earliest form of musical notation can be found in a cuneiform tablet that was created at Nippur, in Sumer (today's Iraq), in about 1400 BC. The tablet represents fragmentary instructions for performing music, that the music was composed in harmonies of thirds, and that it was written using a diatonic scale. A tablet from about 1250 BC shows a more developed form of notation. Although the interpretation of the notation system is", "was that monks, nuns, aristocrats and professional musicians and singers were among the few people who could read music. Mechanical plate engraving was developed in the late sixteenth century. Although plate engraving had been used since the early fifteenth century for creating visual art and maps, it was not applied to music until 1581. In this method, a mirror image of a complete page of music was engraved onto a metal plate. Ink was then applied to the grooves, and the music print was transferred onto paper. Metal plates could be stored and reused, which made this method an attractive", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "his successors down into the early 20th century. Arias or ballads from the English opera became concert standards in recital. The Irish composer and virtuoso pianist John Field (1782–1837) was highly influential in his style of playing, inventing the nocturne and he is thought to have been an inspiration to Schumann, Chopin and Liszt. Perhaps the most influential composer of the first half of the 19th century was the German Felix Mendelssohn, who visited Britain ten times for a total of twenty months from 1829. He won a strong following through the Philharmonic Society, sufficient for him to make a", "easier to mass-produce music (which had previously been hand-copied). This helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger area. During the Baroque era (1600–1750), technologies for keyboard instruments developed, which led to improvements in the designs of pipe organs and harpsichords, and the development of a new keyboard instrument in about 1700, the piano. In the Classical era (1750–1820), Beethoven added new instruments to the orchestra to create new sounds, such as the piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion in his Ninth Symphony. During the Romantic music era (c. 1810 to 1900), one of the key ways" ]

[ "were disapproved of by religious authorities. Andrew Law was an important compiler as well; he felt that American music should be more like European, and is best known for organizing singing schools and tunebooks. In addition, he composed several songs of note, and invented a kind of musical notation called shape note. The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religion founded near Manchester, England in the mid-1700s, and rose to prominence under the leadership of Ann Lee (Mother Ann). Lee had been born poor, and worked as a child in a cotton factory before", "John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the rest of", "his life. John Christopher Moller John Christopher Moller (1755 – September 21, 1803) was one of the first American composers, as well as one of the first music publishers in the United States. Moller was also an organist, concert manager, pianist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He was born in Germany and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1790 after spending almost 10 years in England and some time in New York. In 1796, he returned to New York where he was a manager of New York City concerts as well as serving as organist for Trinity Episcopal Church. He remained there for the", "exhaustion, and a constant awareness of the shadow of death; and bedeviled by visual hallucinations (possibly produced by temporal lobe epilepsy), Chopin, notes Kogan, not coinciden[tally] composed the most famous funeral march in history. Robert Schumann (1810–56): Manic episodes in the course of his bipolar disorder brought periods of explosive creativity, but he died in a mental institution by self-starvation. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky 1840–93): As a closeted homosexual in czarist Russia, he was deeply depressed for many years and may have ended his life by suicide. Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868 – 1917): the King of Ragtime, born in the", "Ralph Tomlinson, the president of the society, and were inspired by the 6th-century BC Greek lyric poet, Anacreon, who wrote odes on the pleasures of love and wine. The song became popular in Britain and also America following the establishment of several Anacreontic Societies there. Smith never married. Smith later became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1784, organist for the Chapel Royal in 1802 and Master of the Children in 1805. he also became lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey. He was organist at the Three Choirs Festival held at Gloucester in 1790. Smith is considered to be the first", "Tempore. With the American cellist Theodore Mook, he designed a font, now widely adopted, for use with computer printing programs, based on his set of accidentals, which are sufficient for 72-note music. His music is published by Frog Peak Music and Diapason Press (Corpus Microtonale). As his award citation from the American Academy of Arts and Letters attests: Ezra Sims has already contributed an outstanding body of works, many of which have explored with singular imagination, conviction and success the beautiful but elusive world of microtonal music. Ezra Sims Ezra Sims (January 16, 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama — January 30,", "little Mozart. Salzedo's mother died just two years later when he was five. The family then moved to Bordeaux and a Basque woman, Marthe Tatibouet Bidebérripé, was hired to care for and help raise the children. Salzedo became deeply attached to her, and liked to think of himself as being culturally Basque. He himself attributed, in interviews, his fondness for meters in five beats to the Basque traditional music. Léon-Charles, having begun playing piano by the age of three, wrote his first composition, a polka called Moustique (Mosquito), which was published when he was just five years old. Though lost,", "Mexico City and was one of the founders (and later Director) of Mexico's first hospital for women and children, the Casa de Maternidad e Infancia. Ortega also had a parallel career as a musician. His first composition the Marcha Zaragoza (1862), was named for the Mexican patriot and general, Ignacio Zaragoza, and became Mexico's second national anthem. He composed two other marches, Potosina and Republicana and several piano pieces, most notably Invocación a Beethoven, first performed in 1867. In 1866, he became one of the founders of the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana (Mexican Philharmonic Society) which played a crucial role in", "of the first to bring this form to the popular consciousness through his broadcasts on the BBC. He also founded the Stour Music Festival in 1962, one of the first and most important early music festivals in the world. Deller was born in Margate, a seaside resort in Kent. As a boy, he sang in his local church choir. When his voice broke, he continued singing in his high register, eventually settling as a countertenor. Deller was initially employed as a lay clerk at Canterbury Cathedral from 1940 to 1947, before joining the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1947–62). From", "carriage and received concussion of the brain, which disabled him for some years. He found relief in music. His first public composition was an anthem-like setting of Heber's From Greenland's Icy Mountains, the proceeds of which (180l.) he devoted to the Church Missionary Society. In 1836 appeared Op. 36, An Evening Service in E flat and One Hundred Antiphonal Chants. One of these, a Recte et Retro chant in C, sometimes called Worcester chant, became very widely known. In the same year the Gresham prize medal was awarded him for an Evening Service in A, Op. 37. In 1841 a" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "and 0.49% Native American. There were 92 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.80. In the town, the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25", "square mile (231.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. There were 22 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.31. In the village, the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18,", "square mile (5.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.19% White and 14.81% Native American. There were 25 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.81. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.4% under", "races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population. There were 309 households out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.38. In the town, the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18," ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "and her costars Robert Townsend and Victoria Rowell were seen by Robert Gillard of LA Sentinel as doing wonderful jobs of capturing the emotions of a family stricken by grief. Bassett also had a role in Nothing But the Truth in 2008. Bassett joined the regular cast of ER for the show's final season (2008–2009). She portrayed Dr. Catherine Banfield, an exacting Chief of the ER who was also working to recover from the death of a son and to bring another child into her family. Bassett's husband Courtney Vance played her television husband on ER as Russell Banfield. In", "of 2006, Whitaker started a multi-episode story arc on ER as Curtis Ames, a man who comes into the ER with a cough, but quickly faces the long-term consequences of a paralyzing stroke; he sues, then takes out his anger on Dr. Luka Kovač, who he blames for the strokes. Whitaker received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the series. Also in 2006, Whitaker appeared in T.I.'s music video Live in the Sky alongside Jamie Foxx. Whitaker was cast in the Criminal Minds spin-off, , that was subsequently cancelled by CBS on May 17, 2011. In December" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "to both. Ticket machines are available, along with a long-line P.A system and passenger information screens to convey train running information. Since the December 2017 timetable change, the weekdays and Saturday service to Blackburn northbound and to and Manchester Victoria southbound is now half-hourly all day. Alternate northbound trains continue through to , whilst nearly all southbound trains continue beyond Manchester to . On Sundays the service is usually hourly to both Clitheroe and Manchester, though ongoing engineering blockades on the line through Bolton (as part of the heavily delayed Manchester to Preston Line electrification project) have seen the weekend", "the aircraft of the Royal Air Force. A short distance from the station was a signal box. This controlled all of the sidings used for freight. Shell stopped using rail as a method of transportation of goods, and subsequently, the sidings were removed. Eventually, the signal box was dismantled and donated to the Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Today, the signals for this line and station are controlled at Helsby and Ellesmere Port signal boxes, operated by Network Rail. The station was originally earmarked for closure under what is known today as the Beeching Axe, a report created by", "(Californian redwood), Arctostaphylos spp. (manzanita), Ceanothus spp., Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise), Abies concolor (white fir), Quercus spp. (oak), Heteromeles arbutifolia (toyon), Cercocarpus spp. (mountain-mahogany), Eriogonum sp. (buckwheat), and Juniperus spp. (juniper). General phylogenetic relationships within Timema (Law & Crespi, 2002). Species marked with ♀ are parthenogenetic (female only). Timema is the only member of the family Timematidae and the suborder Timematodea. Their clade is considered basal to the order Phasmatodea; that is, many scientists believe that Timema-type stick insects represent the earliest branch to diverge from the phylogenetic tree that gave rise to all the stick insects of Phasmatodea. This primal" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast" ]

[ "drama ER coming to an end, CBS executives put out a call for a new medical show to fill the void. Carol Barbee was introduced via Curtis Hanson to a pitch by Steve Boman, a former transplant coordinator and Chicago newspaper reporter, for a drama about a transplant hospital. Barbee decided to undertake the project telling it from three points of view of the donor, recipient, and doctor. The location for the show's setting in Pittsburgh was decided based on a determination that the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) was the world's leading transplant center with the coincidence that", "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "coast, and 2002's Hindsight which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Luka Kovac, through the tragic events of one Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it. The episode Brothers and Sisters (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the Third Watch episode Unleashed in which Susan enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece. ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "El Centro, California. These boundaries are responsible for the submission of television broadcast materials presented for awards considerations. The Board of Governors is a working board, which works together collaboratively to ensure they are providing for the best interests of the membership. Executive Committee President - Jennifer Jones, KPHO-TV 1st Vice President - Vik Narayan, KNXV-TV 2nd Vice President / Trustee - Bob Adlhoch, Phoenix Suns Treasurer - Syleste Rodriguez, KPNX-TV Secretary - Theresa Maher, Jobing.com Alternate Trustee - Doug Mummert, Phoenix Fire Department Executive Director - Patricia Emmert Board of Governors 2008-2010 Andrew Beneze, NextEdge Video Patricio Gutierrez, KTVW-TV", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "My Louisiana Sky (2003). Anthony Edwards Anthony Charles Edwards (born July 19, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of ER, for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. Additionally, he has appeared in various movies and television shows, including Top Gun, Zodiac, Miracle Mile, Revenge of the Nerds, Planes, and Northern Exposure. Edwards was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Erika Kem (née Weber), an artist/landscape" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "Elias James Corey Elias James E.J. Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis, specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably. E.J. Corey (the surname was anglicized from the Lebanese Arabic Khoury, meaning priest) was born to Christian Lebanese immigrants in Methuen, Massachusetts, north of Boston. His mother changed his name to Elias", "and safety outside the workplace is established by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which is managed by the EPA and various state and local government agencies. State and local agencies maintain epidemiology information required by physicians to evaluate environmental illness. Air quality information must be provided by pest control supervisors under license requirements established by the Worker Protection Standard when restricted use pesticide is applied. The list of restricted use pesticides is maintained by the US EPA. Additionally, specific environmental pollutants are identified in public law, which extends to all hazardous substances even if the item is", "Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her role in Commander in Chief. She has since portrayed the recurring role of Dr. Nicole Herman in Grey's Anatomy (2014–2015, 2018), and also starred as Regan MacNeil-Angela Rance in the first season of the horror television series The Exorcist (2017), on Fox. Davis was born January 21, 1956, in Wareham, Massachusetts. Her mother, Lucille (; June 19, 1919 – November 15, 2001), was a teacher's assistant, and her father, William F. Davis (November 7, 1913 – April 2, 2009), was a civil engineer and church deacon; her parents were" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "Elias James Corey Elias James E.J. Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis, specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably. E.J. Corey (the surname was anglicized from the Lebanese Arabic Khoury, meaning priest) was born to Christian Lebanese immigrants in Methuen, Massachusetts, north of Boston. His mother changed his name to Elias", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "the aircraft of the Royal Air Force. A short distance from the station was a signal box. This controlled all of the sidings used for freight. Shell stopped using rail as a method of transportation of goods, and subsequently, the sidings were removed. Eventually, the signal box was dismantled and donated to the Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Today, the signals for this line and station are controlled at Helsby and Ellesmere Port signal boxes, operated by Network Rail. The station was originally earmarked for closure under what is known today as the Beeching Axe, a report created by", "state representative, over Duke's antisemitic remarks. Accounts of the conference say that Hart stood up, called Duke a Nazi (with expletive) and stormed out. Hart organized a conference held in Baltimore in 2009 with the title, Preserving Western Civilization. It was billed as addressing the need to defend America's Judeo-Christian heritage and European identity. Invited speakers included: Lawrence Auster, Peter Brimelow, Steven Farron, Julia Gorin, Lino A. Graglia, Henry C. Harpending, Roger D. McGrath, Pat Richardson, J. Philippe Rushton, Srdja Trifković, and Brenda Walker. ategory Michael H. Hart Michael H. Hart (born April 27, 1932) is an American astrophysicist and" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "experiences problems, after making a fatal error in the treatment of a pregnant woman in the Emmy-winning episode Love's Labor Lost he falls into a depression. Lovelorn Ross struggles to come to terms with the fact that a recovered Hathaway is moving on with her life. Dr. Lewis tries to cope with her rebellious sister, Chloe, who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter at the end of the season. Lewis also struggles professionally with cardiologist Dr. Kayson and romantically with mentally unstable psychiatrist Dr. Div Cvetic. Carter comes to grips with the fast-paced life of an ER doctor,", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In" ]

[ "(Ellen Pompeo) while Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) undergoes surgery for cancer with Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) feeling guilty for her condition. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) deals with the PTSD of her boyfriend and fellow surgeon Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). The episode received favorable reviews with critics calling it a payoff for Meredith and Derek fans. Cristina and Owen are finally spending nights with each other, relaxing by watching videos of surgeries. Cristina falls asleep, so Owen turns the TV off and shuts off the lights. He dozes off, and the peppy, happy music stops, replaced by whooshing sounds of the", "theme returned) and songs used on the series. In March 2012, Warner Bros. International Television announced that they would sell the format rights to ER to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their own version of the series. In June 2013, Warner Bros. International Television and Emotion Production from Belgrade, Serbia, announced a Serbian version of ER. Urgentni Centar premiered on October 6, 2014 on TV Prva. A Colombian version is also in the works. ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC", "(dialogue editor), Thomas A. Harris (adr editor), Susan Mick (music editor), Casey J. Crabtree (foley artist), and James Bailey (foley artist); as well as Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Drama Series for Russell C. Fager (production sound mixer), Michael Jiron (sound effects mixer), Allen L. Stone (dialogue mixer) and Frank Jones (music mixer). The episode also won an American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television for Randy Jon Morgan and Rick Tuber. Love's Labor Lost (ER) Love's Labor Lost is the nineteenth episode of ER<nowiki>'</nowiki>s first season. It first aired on NBC in", "broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. Only the live episode Ambush is not in the widescreen format. In 2018 Hulu struck a deal with Warner Bros Domestic Television Distribution to stream all 15 seasons of the show. In 1996, Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring James Newton Howard's theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "Many People, as the type of song most of the musicians (recording the album) would be happy to have as singles. Some Surprise was featured in Crash Into Me - Part One, an episode of Grey's Anatomy broadcast on ABC Television at 21:00 EST on 22 November 2007. The song was featured during a scene where the protagonist Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, attempted to save an ambulance crew who had become injured in a crash, after the show's creators selected it to appear. Alongside this the song was made available as a download on iTunes. Some Surprise received", "Kearney's song Renaissance was written about friends from Oregon who survived a severe car crash. His song, Where We Gonna Go From Here?, was featured during the third season of Grey's Anatomy and on the first season finale of ABC Family's show Kyle XY. Most recently, the song was also featured in the Season 7 opener of NBC's Scrubs and in an episode of Royal Pains. Kearney's single, Breathe In, Breathe Out, debuted in September 2007, and marks the singer's fourth and highest profile placement in Grey's Anatomy. The song is currently used as the theme in television promotions for", "some of his best acting of his career last night as an anxious father-to-be terrified he would lose his best friend. Lyneka Little of The Wall Street Journal wrote, If Glee and ER had a baby it would be tonight’s episode of the medical drama Grey’s Anatomy titled “Song Beneath the Song.” In his review of the episode Alan Sepinwall of HitFix wrote Like Grey's Anatomy as a whole, some parts were unintentionally silly, others were surprisingly powerful, and it was rarely dull, at least. Patrick Dempsey admitted that the musical episode might not have been showrunner Shonda Rhimes's best" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "nothing to show for it. She has a tough exterior, but a heart of gold. Usually seen talking on the phone to her couch potato husband, Bud Thor. Her nephew, Mark Ace Kolmar, who is an EMT, was hired to work in the ER as a technician. Thor was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease late in the series' run. Nurse Julie Williams (Lynne Moody) Joan's industrious assistant. Her aunt and uncle are George and Louise Jefferson from The Jeffersons. Shares an apartment with receptionist Maria Amardo, to help save money. Maria Amardo (Shuko Akune) The ER's Filipino-American receptionist. Known for her", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In", "Peter Benton character became African-American, and the running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles, an old facility that had ceased operating in 1990. A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital's emergency room was built soon afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in", "turn) comes to stay. Tragedy ensues when Greene (Anthony Edwards) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, giving him only weeks to live. Not wanting to upset Corday (Alex Kingston) — who is caught up in a malpractice suit — he keeps his illness a secret. After successful surgery, he proposes to her and she is heavily pregnant when they get married. This season also includes the 150th event episode in which a massive train wreck mobilizes the ER doctors and nurses to the scene. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Sixth season co-executive producers Neal Baer" ]

[ "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In", "turn) comes to stay. Tragedy ensues when Greene (Anthony Edwards) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, giving him only weeks to live. Not wanting to upset Corday (Alex Kingston) — who is caught up in a malpractice suit — he keeps his illness a secret. After successful surgery, he proposes to her and she is heavily pregnant when they get married. This season also includes the 150th event episode in which a massive train wreck mobilizes the ER doctors and nurses to the scene. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Sixth season co-executive producers Neal Baer", "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "a number of nominations for other awards which are listed in the List of ER awards and nominations. ER (season 1) The first season of the American fictional drama television series ER aired from 1994–1995 with 25 episodes. The 2-hour pilot episode aired on September 19, 1994 and was followed by 24 other episodes, including the season finale that aired on May 18, 1995. In ER's first season, the core cast consisted of Chief Resident Dr. Mark Greene, pediatric resident Dr. Doug Ross, second-year resident Dr. Susan Lewis, medical student John Carter, head nurse Carol Hathaway, and second-year surgical resident", "coast, and 2002's Hindsight which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Luka Kovac, through the tragic events of one Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it. The episode Brothers and Sisters (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the Third Watch episode Unleashed in which Susan enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece. ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in", "twice nominated for an Emmy Award for best drama series for his work on the sixth and seventh seasons of the show. He worked on the series until the thirteenth season and wrote a total of thirty-two episodes. In 2007 he won a Humanitas Prize in the 60 minute category for his work on the ER season 12 episode There Are No Angels Here. The award was shared with his co-writer David Zabel. The episode followed doctors from County General who traveled overseas to provide aid work in a refugee camp in Darfur. Humanitas stated that the prize was awarded", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "The Leadership Awards are presented to 10 medical students and 5 early career physicians highly selected from across the United States to recognize their outstanding leadership in the areas of advocacy, community service and/or education. The 2015 recipients, in alphabetical order, are: Mitra Daneshvar; Patrick Davis; Eric Eting, MD MPH; Latha Ganri, MD; Kristy Hawley, MPH; Harrison Hayward; Nikan Khatibi, DO; Jay Kumar; Jillian Wong Millsop, MD MS; Peter Mittwede; Vinod Nambudiri, MD MBA; Christian Pean; Kushyup Shah; Divya Sharma; Christos Theophanous. The 2016 recipients, in alphabetical order, are: Annalise O. Abiodun, MD, Greater Baltimore Medical Center; Rohit Abraham, Michigan" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "and her costars Robert Townsend and Victoria Rowell were seen by Robert Gillard of LA Sentinel as doing wonderful jobs of capturing the emotions of a family stricken by grief. Bassett also had a role in Nothing But the Truth in 2008. Bassett joined the regular cast of ER for the show's final season (2008–2009). She portrayed Dr. Catherine Banfield, an exacting Chief of the ER who was also working to recover from the death of a son and to bring another child into her family. Bassett's husband Courtney Vance played her television husband on ER as Russell Banfield. In", "of 2006, Whitaker started a multi-episode story arc on ER as Curtis Ames, a man who comes into the ER with a cough, but quickly faces the long-term consequences of a paralyzing stroke; he sues, then takes out his anger on Dr. Luka Kovač, who he blames for the strokes. Whitaker received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the series. Also in 2006, Whitaker appeared in T.I.'s music video Live in the Sky alongside Jamie Foxx. Whitaker was cast in the Criminal Minds spin-off, , that was subsequently cancelled by CBS on May 17, 2011. In December", "experiences problems, after making a fatal error in the treatment of a pregnant woman in the Emmy-winning episode Love's Labor Lost he falls into a depression. Lovelorn Ross struggles to come to terms with the fact that a recovered Hathaway is moving on with her life. Dr. Lewis tries to cope with her rebellious sister, Chloe, who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter at the end of the season. Lewis also struggles professionally with cardiologist Dr. Kayson and romantically with mentally unstable psychiatrist Dr. Div Cvetic. Carter comes to grips with the fast-paced life of an ER doctor,", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "and 0.49% Native American. There were 92 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.80. In the town, the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25", "square mile (231.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. There were 22 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.31. In the village, the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18,", "square mile (5.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.19% White and 14.81% Native American. There were 25 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.81. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.4% under", "races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population. There were 309 households out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.38. In the town, the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18," ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "and her costars Robert Townsend and Victoria Rowell were seen by Robert Gillard of LA Sentinel as doing wonderful jobs of capturing the emotions of a family stricken by grief. Bassett also had a role in Nothing But the Truth in 2008. Bassett joined the regular cast of ER for the show's final season (2008–2009). She portrayed Dr. Catherine Banfield, an exacting Chief of the ER who was also working to recover from the death of a son and to bring another child into her family. Bassett's husband Courtney Vance played her television husband on ER as Russell Banfield. In", "of 2006, Whitaker started a multi-episode story arc on ER as Curtis Ames, a man who comes into the ER with a cough, but quickly faces the long-term consequences of a paralyzing stroke; he sues, then takes out his anger on Dr. Luka Kovač, who he blames for the strokes. Whitaker received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the series. Also in 2006, Whitaker appeared in T.I.'s music video Live in the Sky alongside Jamie Foxx. Whitaker was cast in the Criminal Minds spin-off, , that was subsequently cancelled by CBS on May 17, 2011. In December" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "to both. Ticket machines are available, along with a long-line P.A system and passenger information screens to convey train running information. Since the December 2017 timetable change, the weekdays and Saturday service to Blackburn northbound and to and Manchester Victoria southbound is now half-hourly all day. Alternate northbound trains continue through to , whilst nearly all southbound trains continue beyond Manchester to . On Sundays the service is usually hourly to both Clitheroe and Manchester, though ongoing engineering blockades on the line through Bolton (as part of the heavily delayed Manchester to Preston Line electrification project) have seen the weekend", "the aircraft of the Royal Air Force. A short distance from the station was a signal box. This controlled all of the sidings used for freight. Shell stopped using rail as a method of transportation of goods, and subsequently, the sidings were removed. Eventually, the signal box was dismantled and donated to the Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Today, the signals for this line and station are controlled at Helsby and Ellesmere Port signal boxes, operated by Network Rail. The station was originally earmarked for closure under what is known today as the Beeching Axe, a report created by", "(Californian redwood), Arctostaphylos spp. (manzanita), Ceanothus spp., Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise), Abies concolor (white fir), Quercus spp. (oak), Heteromeles arbutifolia (toyon), Cercocarpus spp. (mountain-mahogany), Eriogonum sp. (buckwheat), and Juniperus spp. (juniper). General phylogenetic relationships within Timema (Law & Crespi, 2002). Species marked with ♀ are parthenogenetic (female only). Timema is the only member of the family Timematidae and the suborder Timematodea. Their clade is considered basal to the order Phasmatodea; that is, many scientists believe that Timema-type stick insects represent the earliest branch to diverge from the phylogenetic tree that gave rise to all the stick insects of Phasmatodea. This primal" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast" ]

[ "drama ER coming to an end, CBS executives put out a call for a new medical show to fill the void. Carol Barbee was introduced via Curtis Hanson to a pitch by Steve Boman, a former transplant coordinator and Chicago newspaper reporter, for a drama about a transplant hospital. Barbee decided to undertake the project telling it from three points of view of the donor, recipient, and doctor. The location for the show's setting in Pittsburgh was decided based on a determination that the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) was the world's leading transplant center with the coincidence that", "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "coast, and 2002's Hindsight which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Luka Kovac, through the tragic events of one Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it. The episode Brothers and Sisters (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the Third Watch episode Unleashed in which Susan enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece. ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "El Centro, California. These boundaries are responsible for the submission of television broadcast materials presented for awards considerations. The Board of Governors is a working board, which works together collaboratively to ensure they are providing for the best interests of the membership. Executive Committee President - Jennifer Jones, KPHO-TV 1st Vice President - Vik Narayan, KNXV-TV 2nd Vice President / Trustee - Bob Adlhoch, Phoenix Suns Treasurer - Syleste Rodriguez, KPNX-TV Secretary - Theresa Maher, Jobing.com Alternate Trustee - Doug Mummert, Phoenix Fire Department Executive Director - Patricia Emmert Board of Governors 2008-2010 Andrew Beneze, NextEdge Video Patricio Gutierrez, KTVW-TV", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "My Louisiana Sky (2003). Anthony Edwards Anthony Charles Edwards (born July 19, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of ER, for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. Additionally, he has appeared in various movies and television shows, including Top Gun, Zodiac, Miracle Mile, Revenge of the Nerds, Planes, and Northern Exposure. Edwards was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Erika Kem (née Weber), an artist/landscape" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "Elias James Corey Elias James E.J. Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis, specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably. E.J. Corey (the surname was anglicized from the Lebanese Arabic Khoury, meaning priest) was born to Christian Lebanese immigrants in Methuen, Massachusetts, north of Boston. His mother changed his name to Elias", "and safety outside the workplace is established by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which is managed by the EPA and various state and local government agencies. State and local agencies maintain epidemiology information required by physicians to evaluate environmental illness. Air quality information must be provided by pest control supervisors under license requirements established by the Worker Protection Standard when restricted use pesticide is applied. The list of restricted use pesticides is maintained by the US EPA. Additionally, specific environmental pollutants are identified in public law, which extends to all hazardous substances even if the item is", "Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her role in Commander in Chief. She has since portrayed the recurring role of Dr. Nicole Herman in Grey's Anatomy (2014–2015, 2018), and also starred as Regan MacNeil-Angela Rance in the first season of the horror television series The Exorcist (2017), on Fox. Davis was born January 21, 1956, in Wareham, Massachusetts. Her mother, Lucille (; June 19, 1919 – November 15, 2001), was a teacher's assistant, and her father, William F. Davis (November 7, 1913 – April 2, 2009), was a civil engineer and church deacon; her parents were" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "Elias James Corey Elias James E.J. Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis, specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably. E.J. Corey (the surname was anglicized from the Lebanese Arabic Khoury, meaning priest) was born to Christian Lebanese immigrants in Methuen, Massachusetts, north of Boston. His mother changed his name to Elias", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "the aircraft of the Royal Air Force. A short distance from the station was a signal box. This controlled all of the sidings used for freight. Shell stopped using rail as a method of transportation of goods, and subsequently, the sidings were removed. Eventually, the signal box was dismantled and donated to the Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Today, the signals for this line and station are controlled at Helsby and Ellesmere Port signal boxes, operated by Network Rail. The station was originally earmarked for closure under what is known today as the Beeching Axe, a report created by", "state representative, over Duke's antisemitic remarks. Accounts of the conference say that Hart stood up, called Duke a Nazi (with expletive) and stormed out. Hart organized a conference held in Baltimore in 2009 with the title, Preserving Western Civilization. It was billed as addressing the need to defend America's Judeo-Christian heritage and European identity. Invited speakers included: Lawrence Auster, Peter Brimelow, Steven Farron, Julia Gorin, Lino A. Graglia, Henry C. Harpending, Roger D. McGrath, Pat Richardson, J. Philippe Rushton, Srdja Trifković, and Brenda Walker. ategory Michael H. Hart Michael H. Hart (born April 27, 1932) is an American astrophysicist and" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward also returned as an executive producer and writer. Carol Flint became a fourth executive producer. Flint was replaced as co-executive producer by Christopher Chulack. Chulack was previously a regular director and a producer for the third season. Paul Manning left his supervising producer role but remained involved with the series as an executive consultant. Long-time crew members Lance Gentile and Neal Baer were promoted to producers", "the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark falls into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer,", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "experiences problems, after making a fatal error in the treatment of a pregnant woman in the Emmy-winning episode Love's Labor Lost he falls into a depression. Lovelorn Ross struggles to come to terms with the fact that a recovered Hathaway is moving on with her life. Dr. Lewis tries to cope with her rebellious sister, Chloe, who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter at the end of the season. Lewis also struggles professionally with cardiologist Dr. Kayson and romantically with mentally unstable psychiatrist Dr. Div Cvetic. Carter comes to grips with the fast-paced life of an ER doctor,", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In" ]

[ "(Ellen Pompeo) while Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) undergoes surgery for cancer with Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) feeling guilty for her condition. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) deals with the PTSD of her boyfriend and fellow surgeon Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). The episode received favorable reviews with critics calling it a payoff for Meredith and Derek fans. Cristina and Owen are finally spending nights with each other, relaxing by watching videos of surgeries. Cristina falls asleep, so Owen turns the TV off and shuts off the lights. He dozes off, and the peppy, happy music stops, replaced by whooshing sounds of the", "theme returned) and songs used on the series. In March 2012, Warner Bros. International Television announced that they would sell the format rights to ER to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their own version of the series. In June 2013, Warner Bros. International Television and Emotion Production from Belgrade, Serbia, announced a Serbian version of ER. Urgentni Centar premiered on October 6, 2014 on TV Prva. A Colombian version is also in the works. ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC", "(dialogue editor), Thomas A. Harris (adr editor), Susan Mick (music editor), Casey J. Crabtree (foley artist), and James Bailey (foley artist); as well as Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Drama Series for Russell C. Fager (production sound mixer), Michael Jiron (sound effects mixer), Allen L. Stone (dialogue mixer) and Frank Jones (music mixer). The episode also won an American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television for Randy Jon Morgan and Rick Tuber. Love's Labor Lost (ER) Love's Labor Lost is the nineteenth episode of ER<nowiki>'</nowiki>s first season. It first aired on NBC in", "broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. Only the live episode Ambush is not in the widescreen format. In 2018 Hulu struck a deal with Warner Bros Domestic Television Distribution to stream all 15 seasons of the show. In 1996, Atlantic Records released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring James Newton Howard's theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "Many People, as the type of song most of the musicians (recording the album) would be happy to have as singles. Some Surprise was featured in Crash Into Me - Part One, an episode of Grey's Anatomy broadcast on ABC Television at 21:00 EST on 22 November 2007. The song was featured during a scene where the protagonist Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, attempted to save an ambulance crew who had become injured in a crash, after the show's creators selected it to appear. Alongside this the song was made available as a download on iTunes. Some Surprise received", "Kearney's song Renaissance was written about friends from Oregon who survived a severe car crash. His song, Where We Gonna Go From Here?, was featured during the third season of Grey's Anatomy and on the first season finale of ABC Family's show Kyle XY. Most recently, the song was also featured in the Season 7 opener of NBC's Scrubs and in an episode of Royal Pains. Kearney's single, Breathe In, Breathe Out, debuted in September 2007, and marks the singer's fourth and highest profile placement in Grey's Anatomy. The song is currently used as the theme in television promotions for", "some of his best acting of his career last night as an anxious father-to-be terrified he would lose his best friend. Lyneka Little of The Wall Street Journal wrote, If Glee and ER had a baby it would be tonight’s episode of the medical drama Grey’s Anatomy titled “Song Beneath the Song.” In his review of the episode Alan Sepinwall of HitFix wrote Like Grey's Anatomy as a whole, some parts were unintentionally silly, others were surprisingly powerful, and it was rarely dull, at least. Patrick Dempsey admitted that the musical episode might not have been showrunner Shonda Rhimes's best" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "nothing to show for it. She has a tough exterior, but a heart of gold. Usually seen talking on the phone to her couch potato husband, Bud Thor. Her nephew, Mark Ace Kolmar, who is an EMT, was hired to work in the ER as a technician. Thor was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease late in the series' run. Nurse Julie Williams (Lynne Moody) Joan's industrious assistant. Her aunt and uncle are George and Louise Jefferson from The Jeffersons. Shares an apartment with receptionist Maria Amardo, to help save money. Maria Amardo (Shuko Akune) The ER's Filipino-American receptionist. Known for her", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In", "Peter Benton character became African-American, and the running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles, an old facility that had ceased operating in 1990. A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital's emergency room was built soon afterward at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in", "turn) comes to stay. Tragedy ensues when Greene (Anthony Edwards) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, giving him only weeks to live. Not wanting to upset Corday (Alex Kingston) — who is caught up in a malpractice suit — he keeps his illness a secret. After successful surgery, he proposes to her and she is heavily pregnant when they get married. This season also includes the 150th event episode in which a massive train wreck mobilizes the ER doctors and nurses to the scene. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Sixth season co-executive producers Neal Baer" ]

[ "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In", "turn) comes to stay. Tragedy ensues when Greene (Anthony Edwards) is diagnosed with terminal cancer, giving him only weeks to live. Not wanting to upset Corday (Alex Kingston) — who is caught up in a malpractice suit — he keeps his illness a secret. After successful surgery, he proposes to her and she is heavily pregnant when they get married. This season also includes the 150th event episode in which a massive train wreck mobilizes the ER doctors and nurses to the scene. Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Sixth season co-executive producers Neal Baer", "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "a number of nominations for other awards which are listed in the List of ER awards and nominations. ER (season 1) The first season of the American fictional drama television series ER aired from 1994–1995 with 25 episodes. The 2-hour pilot episode aired on September 19, 1994 and was followed by 24 other episodes, including the season finale that aired on May 18, 1995. In ER's first season, the core cast consisted of Chief Resident Dr. Mark Greene, pediatric resident Dr. Doug Ross, second-year resident Dr. Susan Lewis, medical student John Carter, head nurse Carol Hathaway, and second-year surgical resident", "coast, and 2002's Hindsight which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Luka Kovac, through the tragic events of one Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it. The episode Brothers and Sisters (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the Third Watch episode Unleashed in which Susan enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece. ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in", "twice nominated for an Emmy Award for best drama series for his work on the sixth and seventh seasons of the show. He worked on the series until the thirteenth season and wrote a total of thirty-two episodes. In 2007 he won a Humanitas Prize in the 60 minute category for his work on the ER season 12 episode There Are No Angels Here. The award was shared with his co-writer David Zabel. The episode followed doctors from County General who traveled overseas to provide aid work in a refugee camp in Darfur. Humanitas stated that the prize was awarded", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "The Leadership Awards are presented to 10 medical students and 5 early career physicians highly selected from across the United States to recognize their outstanding leadership in the areas of advocacy, community service and/or education. The 2015 recipients, in alphabetical order, are: Mitra Daneshvar; Patrick Davis; Eric Eting, MD MPH; Latha Ganri, MD; Kristy Hawley, MPH; Harrison Hayward; Nikan Khatibi, DO; Jay Kumar; Jillian Wong Millsop, MD MS; Peter Mittwede; Vinod Nambudiri, MD MBA; Christian Pean; Kushyup Shah; Divya Sharma; Christos Theophanous. The 2016 recipients, in alphabetical order, are: Annalise O. Abiodun, MD, Greater Baltimore Medical Center; Rohit Abraham, Michigan" ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "and her costars Robert Townsend and Victoria Rowell were seen by Robert Gillard of LA Sentinel as doing wonderful jobs of capturing the emotions of a family stricken by grief. Bassett also had a role in Nothing But the Truth in 2008. Bassett joined the regular cast of ER for the show's final season (2008–2009). She portrayed Dr. Catherine Banfield, an exacting Chief of the ER who was also working to recover from the death of a son and to bring another child into her family. Bassett's husband Courtney Vance played her television husband on ER as Russell Banfield. In", "of 2006, Whitaker started a multi-episode story arc on ER as Curtis Ames, a man who comes into the ER with a cough, but quickly faces the long-term consequences of a paralyzing stroke; he sues, then takes out his anger on Dr. Luka Kovač, who he blames for the strokes. Whitaker received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the series. Also in 2006, Whitaker appeared in T.I.'s music video Live in the Sky alongside Jamie Foxx. Whitaker was cast in the Criminal Minds spin-off, , that was subsequently cancelled by CBS on May 17, 2011. In December", "experiences problems, after making a fatal error in the treatment of a pregnant woman in the Emmy-winning episode Love's Labor Lost he falls into a depression. Lovelorn Ross struggles to come to terms with the fact that a recovered Hathaway is moving on with her life. Dr. Lewis tries to cope with her rebellious sister, Chloe, who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter at the end of the season. Lewis also struggles professionally with cardiologist Dr. Kayson and romantically with mentally unstable psychiatrist Dr. Div Cvetic. Carter comes to grips with the fast-paced life of an ER doctor,", "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's Casualty). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, ER has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "and 0.49% Native American. There were 92 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.80. In the town, the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25", "square mile (231.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. There were 22 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.31. In the village, the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18,", "square mile (5.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.19% White and 14.81% Native American. There were 25 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.81. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.4% under", "races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population. There were 309 households out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.38. In the town, the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18," ]

[ "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "use tuned in to that show. Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. It scored 80 on Metascore, meaning generally favorable reviews, based on 21 critics. Marvin Kitman from Newsday gave the show a very positive review, saying: It's like M*A*S*H with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on. Richard Zoglin from Time stated that it's probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever", "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The Daily Telegraph wrote in 1996: Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER. In 2002, TV Guide ranked ER No. 22 on their list of TV's Top 50 Shows, making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after", "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after Law & Order and , and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "and her costars Robert Townsend and Victoria Rowell were seen by Robert Gillard of LA Sentinel as doing wonderful jobs of capturing the emotions of a family stricken by grief. Bassett also had a role in Nothing But the Truth in 2008. Bassett joined the regular cast of ER for the show's final season (2008–2009). She portrayed Dr. Catherine Banfield, an exacting Chief of the ER who was also working to recover from the death of a son and to bring another child into her family. Bassett's husband Courtney Vance played her television husband on ER as Russell Banfield. In", "of 2006, Whitaker started a multi-episode story arc on ER as Curtis Ames, a man who comes into the ER with a cough, but quickly faces the long-term consequences of a paralyzing stroke; he sues, then takes out his anger on Dr. Luka Kovač, who he blames for the strokes. Whitaker received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the series. Also in 2006, Whitaker appeared in T.I.'s music video Live in the Sky alongside Jamie Foxx. Whitaker was cast in the Criminal Minds spin-off, , that was subsequently cancelled by CBS on May 17, 2011. In December" ]

[ "trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to California and a season eight episode included a storyline in Hawaii featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovac, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt. We turned some attention on the Congo and on Darfur when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa, ER producer, John Wells said. The show is not about telling people", "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "drama ER. The main setting is the emergency room (E/R) of a fictional Clark Street Hospital in Chicago, Illinois; the stories are centered upon the happenings in the ER and the lives of the doctors who work there. Principal characters include Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (played by Elliott Gould)--a twice divorced ear, nose, and throat specialist who moonlights at the hospital to keep up with his alimony payments—and his colleague (and potential romantic interest) Dr. Eve Sheridan (played by Marcia Strassman in the pilot and by Mary McDonnell thereafter). While essentially a comedy, E/R also contained dramatic elements stemming from its", "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "the kind of routine, predictable, sloppily detailed medical drama we've seen many times before. Due to the show launching on NBC at the same time that CBS launched its own medical drama Chicago Hope, many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink concluded that ER may rate more highly in the Nielsens but Chicago Hope told better stories, while Rich felt both shows were riveting, superior TV fare. The show's first season won several major television awards. Julianna Margulies picked up an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, while Mimi Leder won an Emmy for", "season. Producers Wells, Nathan, Woodward, and Manning were regular writers for the first season. Medical specialist and technical advisor Lance Gentile made his television writing debut in the first season. His first teleplay Love's Labor Lost won multiple Emmy Awards. Medical student Neal Baer was the season's other regular writer. Tracey Stern contributed the script for a single episode. Producers Leder and Chulack were regular directors on the first season. Rod Holcomb directed the pilot episode and returned for a regular season episode. Charles Haid, Elodie Keene, and Fred Gerber also helmed multiple episodes. Film director Quentin Tarantino contributed a", "the knowledge of Earth; (EMS) has used satellites and pictures from space to show and display the change over years. (EMS) has used there Goddard Space Flight Center, to keep constant watch over our rapidly changing atmosphere, and ecosystem. (EMS) continues its research of the damage black soot has on the earth's climate. Recent findings show that the black carbon or soot is indeed causing harm to the North pole, for example the rapid melting of sea ice, and snow changing the temperature of the atmosphere. Dorothy Koch of Columbia University and whose study appeared in the Journal of Geophysical", "to both. Ticket machines are available, along with a long-line P.A system and passenger information screens to convey train running information. Since the December 2017 timetable change, the weekdays and Saturday service to Blackburn northbound and to and Manchester Victoria southbound is now half-hourly all day. Alternate northbound trains continue through to , whilst nearly all southbound trains continue beyond Manchester to . On Sundays the service is usually hourly to both Clitheroe and Manchester, though ongoing engineering blockades on the line through Bolton (as part of the heavily delayed Manchester to Preston Line electrification project) have seen the weekend", "the aircraft of the Royal Air Force. A short distance from the station was a signal box. This controlled all of the sidings used for freight. Shell stopped using rail as a method of transportation of goods, and subsequently, the sidings were removed. Eventually, the signal box was dismantled and donated to the Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. Today, the signals for this line and station are controlled at Helsby and Ellesmere Port signal boxes, operated by Network Rail. The station was originally earmarked for closure under what is known today as the Beeching Axe, a report created by", "(Californian redwood), Arctostaphylos spp. (manzanita), Ceanothus spp., Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise), Abies concolor (white fir), Quercus spp. (oak), Heteromeles arbutifolia (toyon), Cercocarpus spp. (mountain-mahogany), Eriogonum sp. (buckwheat), and Juniperus spp. (juniper). General phylogenetic relationships within Timema (Law & Crespi, 2002). Species marked with ♀ are parthenogenetic (female only). Timema is the only member of the family Timematidae and the suborder Timematodea. Their clade is considered basal to the order Phasmatodea; that is, many scientists believe that Timema-type stick insects represent the earliest branch to diverge from the phylogenetic tree that gave rise to all the stick insects of Phasmatodea. This primal" ]