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ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530 | Intro |
# ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530
\[ ] 1 language
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530 "ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530 – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [ASUS Zenbook UX430](../../en/ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530.html "ASUS Zenbook UX430")
**This article or section does not follow the [Laptop page guidelines](../../en/Help:Laptop_page_guidelines.html "Help:Laptop page guidelines").**
**Reason:** Some missing sections, such as the function keys section. (Discuss in [Talk:ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530](../../en/Talk:ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530.html))
| Device | PCI/USB ID | Working? |
| -------------------- | ---------- | --------- |
| Intel | | Yes |
| GPU (nvidia) | | Yes |
| Ethernet (via USB) | | Yes |
| Wireless | | Yes |
| Audio | | Yes |
| Touchpad | | Yes |
| Webcam | | Yes |
| SD-card reader | | Yes |
| Bluetooth | | Yes |
| Fingerprint reader | | Partially |
| Ambient light sensor | | Partially |
ASUS [announced](https://www.asus.com/News/q0npwWGXCqpxoVf8) UX430 and UX530 models. Since these models share almost the same hardware (the only difference is screen size and discrete NVidia GPU), this article covers hardware specific configuration for all UX430UA, UX430UQ, UX530UQ and UX530UX models.
|
ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530 | Configuration |
## Configuration
### Secure Boot (option)
In order to boot any Linux operating system, navigate to BIOS, then hit `F7` or click on *Advanced Menu*, then the *Security* tab and set *Secure Boot* to `Off`.
If the aforementioned *Secure Boot* option is a menu rather than an on-or-off option, click on *Secure Boot*, *Key Management*, then *Reset to Setup Mode* and confirm in the dialog.
### Video
See [Intel Graphics](../../en/Intel_graphics.html#Installation "Intel graphics") and [Hardware Acceleration](../../en/Hardware_video_acceleration.html "Hardware video acceleration"). For models with discrete Nvidia graphics card, also see [NVIDIA Optimus](../../en/NVIDIA_Optimus.html "NVIDIA Optimus").
### Audio
See [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio").
### Touchpad
See [Libinput](../../en/Libinput.html "Libinput").
### Fingerprint sensor
**Note:** This is likely not going to work at all. See [Talk:ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530#Fingerprint Reader](../../en/Talk:ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530.html#Fingerprint_Reader "Talk:ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530").
The fingerprint sensor is supported since [Fprint](../../en/Fprint.html "Fprint") v0.99.0, even through it is supported it does not work reliably. This is due to the fingerprint small sensor[\[1\]](https://github.com/iafilatov/libfprint/tree/e459992e76ab322d9f92e1885215f2da7c1d0a59#common-problems).
### Ambient Light Sensor
The Ambient Light Sensor should work on UX430UQ[\[2\]](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=db2582afa7444a0ce6bb1ebf1431715969a10b06) and UX430UNR[\[3\]](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=02a5e9bc86dee8c7698ac2cfd9e29650eb318442).
### Battery charge threshold
See [Laptop/ASUS#Battery charge threshold](../../en/Laptop/ASUS.html#Battery_charge_threshold "Laptop/ASUS").
|
ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530 | Troubleshooting |
## Troubleshooting
### Microcode
During boot you might get the message `[Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata; please update microcode to version: 0x52 (or later)`. See [Microcode](../../en/Microcode.html "Microcode") to resolve it.
### Nvidia issues with Bumblebee
It is likely that it is one of these issues:
* You used a power management application (especially [Powertop](../../en/Powertop.html "Powertop")). See [bumblebee#Broken power management with kernel 4.8](../../en/Bumblebee.html#Broken_power_management_with_kernel_4.8 "Bumblebee") for more information.
* You suspended your laptop and resumed, and are now unable to start your GPU, see [Bumblebee#Failed to initialize the NVIDIA GPU at PCI:1:0:0 (Bumblebee daemon reported: error: \[XORG\] (EE) NVIDIA(GPU-0))](../../en/Bumblebee.html#Failed_to_initialize_the_NVIDIA_GPU_at_PCI:1:0:0_\(Bumblebee_daemon_reported:_error:_\[XORG]_\(EE\)_NVIDIA\(GPU-0\)\) "Bumblebee").
### Headset Microphone
You may encounter an issue where your headset microphone is not being detected. To fix this, use `model=dell-headset-multi` as explained in [Advanced Linux Sound Architecture#Correctly detect microphone plugged in a 4-pin 3.5mm (TRRS) jack](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#Correctly_detect_microphone_plugged_in_a_4-pin_3.5mm_\(TRRS\)_jack "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture").
### No sound after Windows reboot
There seems to be a bug in the firmware that prevents the embedded sound card from working in Arch after Windows has been restarted. The sound system works, and you can hear sounds from, say, wireless headphones, but the embedded sound card either plays no sounds at all, or plays sounds for a couple seconds before quickly "fading out" to silence.
Unlike [some other models](../../en/ASUS_N550JV.html#Dual_boot "ASUS N550JV"), suspending and resuming makes no difference. Instead, following are the known workarounds:
* If you haven't exited Windows yet and plan to boot into Arch next, do a Windows shutdown instead of restart, and then boot into Arch.
- If you're already booted into Arch, do an Arch shutdown/poweroff and then boot back into it (an Arch reboot won't work).
As a general rule of thumb, if the sound card isn't working, boot into Arch via a complete shutdown (as opposed to a restart) to fix it.
**NOTE:** From the workarounds above, it might seem correct to generalize that rebooting is the problem and a complete shutdown is the fix, but it's not entirely accurate, and hence a false general conclusion. For example, if you're running Arch with working embedded sound card and you do a reboot back into Arch, the sound card still works.
### Suspend
See [Power management/Suspend and hibernate#Changing suspend method](../../en/Power_management/Suspend_and_hibernate.html#Changing_suspend_method "Power management/Suspend and hibernate").
### Fan always active
See [Fan speed control#NBFC](../../en/Fan_speed_control.html#NBFC "Fan speed control").
|
ASUS Zenbook UX430/UX530 | Tips and tricks |
## Tips and tricks
### Power saving and performance
As advertised by ASUS, both laptops are capable to last up to 9 hours on battery. In order to achieve this, see:
* BIOS update - It is generally recommended to update BIOS, as it usually brings performance, power-saving and security features.
- [Power Saving](../../en/Power_management.html "Power Saving") - List of general recommendations to increase battery life.
* [Improving performance](../../en/Improving_performance.html "Improving performance") - List of general recommendations to increase performance.
- [SSD](../../en/Solid_state_drive.html "SSD") - Tips and tricks for Solid State Drives. Both laptops ship M.2 SSD by default.
* [Undervolting CPU](../../en/Undervolting_CPU.html "Undervolting CPU") - Decrease voltage for Intel CPU (reduce battery drain, reduce heat and therefore - reduce fan speed)
### Extract Windows 10 license key
The laptop comes with Windows 10 preinstalled and the activation key is hardcoded into the firmware. If you replace Windows with Linux, then hardcoded activation key is useless. You might want to extract it and use somewhere else (e.g. virtualized Windows 10):
```
# grep -aPo '[\w]{5}-[\w]{5}-[\w]{5}-[\w]{5}-[\w]{5}' /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/MSDM
```
**Note:** Microsoft online support confirmed that the code is valid, but because you are unable to activate it (Windows fails to activate and asks for another code), they offered 2 options - replace activation code with another one for 40$ or contact OEM (ASUS) about this issue. ASUS confirmed, that in order to "use" this activation key, you need to bring this laptop to repair service so they can "restore" system using ASUS OEM Windows 10 image. They do not provide this image for download.
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [ASUS](../../en/Category:ASUS.html "Category:ASUS")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Laptop style](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Laptop_style.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Laptop style")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530&oldid=798520>"
- This page was last edited on 28 January 2024, at 12:56.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
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|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples | Intro |
# Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples
\[ ] 3 languages
* [Italiano](../../it/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Configuration_examples.html "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (Italiano)/Configuration examples – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A%E4%BE%8B "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/設定例 – 日本語")
* [Português](../../pt/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Configuration_examples.html "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (Português)/Configuration examples – português")
From ArchWiki
< [Advanced Linux Sound Architecture](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture")
The following should serve as a guide for more advanced [ALSA](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html "ALSA") setups. The configuration takes place in `/etc/asound.conf` as mentioned in the main article. None of the following configurations are guaranteed to work.
**Note:** Most things discussed here are much easier to accomplish using alsa plugins like upmix which are explained in the main article.
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples | Upmixing of stereo sources to 7.1 using dmix while saturated sources do not get upmixed |
## Upmixing of stereo sources to 7.1 using dmix while saturated sources do not get upmixed
```
# 2008-11-15
#
# This .asoundrc will allow the following:
#
# - upmix stereo files to 7.1 speakers.
# - playback real 7.1 sounds, on 7.1 speakers,
# - allow the playback of both stereo (upmixed) and surround(7.1) sources at the same time.
# - use the 6th and 7th channel (side speakers) as a separate soundcard, i.e. for headphones
# (This is called the "alternate" output throughout the file, device names prefixed with 'a')
# - play mono sources in stereo (like skype & ekiga) on the alterate output
#
# Make sure you have "8 Channels" and NOT "6 Channels" selected in alsamixer!
#
# Please try the following commands, to make sure everything is working as it should.
#
# To test stereo upmix : speaker-test -c2 -Ddefault -twav
# To test surround(5.1): speaker-test -c6 -Dplug:dmix6 -twav
# To test surround(7.1): speaker-test -c6 -Dplug:dmix8 -twav
# To test alternative output: speaker-test -c2 -Daduplex -twav
# To test mono upmix: speaker-test -c1 -Dmonoduplex -twav
#
#
# It may not work out of the box for all cards. If it doesnt work for you, read the comments throughout the file.
# The basis of this file was written by wishie of #alsa, and then modified with info from various sources by
# squisher. Svenstaro modified it for 7.1 output support.
#Define the soundcard to use
pcm.snd_card {
type hw
card 0
device 0
}
# 8 channel dmix - output whatever audio, to all 8 speakers
pcm.dmix8 {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
ipc_key_add_uid false
ipc_perm 0660
slave {
pcm "snd_card"
rate 48000
channels 8
period_time 0
period_size 1024
buffer_time 0
buffer_size 5120
}
# Some cards, like the "nforce" variants require the following to be uncommented.
# It routes the audio to the correct speakers.
# bindings {
# 0 0
# 1 1
# 2 4
# 3 5
# 4 2
# 5 3
# 6 6
# 7 7
# }
}
# upmixing - duplicate stereo data to all 8 channels
pcm.ch71dup {
type route
slave.pcm dmix8
slave.channels 8
ttable.0.0 1
ttable.1.1 1
ttable.0.2 1
ttable.1.3 1
ttable.0.4 0.5
ttable.1.4 0.5
ttable.0.5 0.5
ttable.1.5 0.5
ttable.0.6 1
ttable.1.7 1
}
# this creates a six channel soundcard
# and outputs to the eight channel one
# i.e. for usage in mplayer I had to define in ~/.mplayer/config:
# ao=alsa:device=dmix6
# channels=6
pcm.dmix6 {
type route
slave.pcm dmix8
slave.channels 8
ttable.0.0 1
ttable.1.1 1
ttable.2.2 1
ttable.3.3 1
ttable.4.4 1
ttable.5.5 1
ttable.6.6 1
ttable.7.7 1
}
# share the microphone, i.e. because virtualbox grabs it by default
pcm.microphone {
type dsnoop
ipc_key 1027
slave {
pcm "snd_card"
}
}
# rate conversion, needed i.e. for wine
pcm.2chplug {
type plug
slave.pcm "ch71dup"
}
pcm.a2chplug {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmix8"
}
# routes the channel for the alternative
# 2 channel output, which becomes the 7th and 8th channel
# on the real soundcard
#pcm.alt2ch {
# type route
# slave.pcm "a2chplug"
# slave.channels 8
# ttable.0.6 1
# ttable.1.7 1
#}
# skype and ekiga are only mono, so route left channel to the right channel
# note: this gets routed to the alternative 2 channels
pcm.mono_playback {
type route
slave.pcm "a2chplug"
slave.channels 8
# Send Skype channel 0 to the L and R speakers at full volume
#ttable.0.6 1
#ttable.0.7 1
}
# 'full-duplex' device for use with aoss
pcm.duplex {
type asym
playback.pcm "2chplug"
capture.pcm "microphone"
}
#pcm.aduplex {
# type asym
# playback.pcm "alt2ch"
# capture.pcm "microphone"
#}
pcm.monoduplex {
type asym
playback.pcm "mono_playback"
capture.pcm "microphone"
}
# for aoss
pcm.dsp0 "duplex"
ctl.mixer0 "duplex"
# softvol manages volume in alsa
# i.e. wine likes this
pcm.mainvol {
type softvol
slave.pcm "duplex"
control {
name "2ch-Upmix Master"
card 0
}
}
#pcm.!default "mainvol"
# set the default device according to the environment
# variable ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM and default to mainvol
pcm.!default {
@func refer
name { @func concat
strings [ "pcm."
{ @func getenv
vars [ ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM ]
default "mainvol"
}
]
}
}
# uncomment the following if you want to be able to control
# the mixer device through environment variables as well
#ctl.!default {
# @func refer
# name { @func concat
# strings [ "ctl."
# { @func getenv
# vars [ ALSA_DEFAULT_CTL
# ALSA_DEFAULT_PCM
# ]
# default "duplex"
# }
# ]
# }
#}
```
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples | Surround51 incl. upmix stereo & dmix, swap L/R, bad speaker position in room |
## Surround51 incl. upmix stereo & dmix, swap L/R, bad speaker position in room
Bad practice but works fine for almost everything without additional per-program/file customization:
```
pcm.!default {
type route
## forwards to the mixer pcm defined below
slave.pcm dmix51
slave.channels 6
## "Native Channels" stereo, swap left/right
ttable.0.1 1
ttable.1.0 1
## original normal left/right commented out
# ttable.0.0 1
# ttable.1.1 1
## route "native surround" so it still works but weaken signal (+ RL/RF swap)
## because my rear speakers are more like random than really behind me
ttable.2.3 0.7
ttable.3.2 0.7
ttable.4.4 0.7
ttable.5.5 0.7
## stereo => quad speaker "upmix" for "rear" speakers + swap L/R
ttable.0.3 1
ttable.1.2 1
## stereo L+R => join to Center & Subwoofer 50%/50%
ttable.0.4 0.5
ttable.1.4 0.5
ttable.0.5 0.5
ttable.1.5 0.5
## to test: "$ speaker-test -c6 -twav" and: "$ speaker-test -c2 -twav"
}
pcm.dmix51 {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
# let multiple users share
ipc_key_add_uid false
# IPC permissions (octal, default 0600)
# I think changing this fixed something - but I'm not sure what.
ipc_perm 0660 #
slave {
## this is specific to my hda_intel. Often hd:0 is just allready it; To find: $ aplay -L
pcm surround51
# this rate makes my soundcard crackle
# rate 44100
# this rate stops flash in firefox from playing audio, but I do not need that
rate 48000
channels 6
## Any other values in the 4 lines below seem to make my soundcard crackle, too
period_time 0
period_size 1024
buffer_time 0
buffer_size 4096
}
}
```
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Configuration examples | Loopback interface with dmix external interface |
## Loopback interface with dmix external interface
Used to control which output goes to external, loopback, or both. Others have reported working setups without specifying format [\[1\]](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/194547/how-can-i-use-alsa-dmix-and-multi-plugins-together)
```
# Use this to output to external
pcm.dmixerout {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
ipc_key_add_uid false
slave {
pcm "hw:CARDNAME,0"
channels 2
period_time 0
period_size 1024
buffer_size 4096
rate 44100
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
# Use this to output to loopback
pcm.dmixerloop {
type dmix
ipc_key 2048
ipc_key_add_uid false
slave {
pcm "hw:Loopback,0,0"
channels 2
period_time 0
period_size 1024
buffer_size 4096
# If format is absent ALSA gives me slave PCM not usable, but it works w/o it for others
format S32_LE
rate 44100
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
# Sends to the two dmix interfaces
pcm.quad {
type multi
# Necessary to have both slaves be dmix; both as hw doesn't give errors, but wouldn't
slaves.a.pcm "dmixerout"
slaves.a.channels 2
slaves.b.pcm "dmixerloop"
slaves.b.channels 2
bindings {
0 { slave a; channel 0; }
1 { slave a; channel 1; }
2 { slave b; channel 0; }
3 { slave b; channel 1; }
}
}
# Duplicates to quad, use this to output to loopback & external
pcm.stereo2quad {
type route
slave.pcm "quad"
# ttable.A.B G
# where A - input channel
# B - output channel
# G - volume gain (1.0 = original)
ttable.0.0 1
ttable.1.1 1
ttable.0.2 1
ttable.1.3 1
}
# Listens to loopback
# trying to play to stereo2quad when something is already listening gives me slave PCM not usable
# but listening when something is already playing on stereo2quad works
# and so does starting to listen, then playing to dmixerloop
pcm.loopin {
type dsnoop
ipc_key 1111
ipc_key_add_uid false
slave.pcm "hw:Loopback,1"
}
pcm.!default {
type asym
playback.pcm "plug:stereo2quad"
capture.pcm "plug:loopin"
}
```
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Sound](../../en/Category:Sound.html "Category:Sound")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Configuration_examples&oldid=658725>"
- This page was last edited on 10 April 2021, at 09:22.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Intro |
# Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting
\[ ] 2 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0 "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/トラブルシューティング – 日本語")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Troubleshooting "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
< [Advanced Linux Sound Architecture](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture")
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Volume |
## Volume
### No output
If `speaker-test` produces sound but some other program does not, determine whether [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio") is being used:
```
# fuser -v /dev/snd/*
```
If it is, try using [apulse](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/apulse/)AUR, as described in [Advanced Linux Sound Architecture#PulseAudio compatibility](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#PulseAudio_compatibility "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture"). Alternatively, killing the PulseAudio process may cause sound to start working in the desired process.
### Output is muted after reboot
Run the following command:
```
# alsactl restore
```
If the problem persists, verify that the `Auto-Mute` option in *alsamixer* is set to `Disabled`.
### Volume is too low
Run *alsamixer* and try to increase the value of the sliders, unmuting channels if necessary. Note that if you have many sliders, you may have to scroll to the right to see any missing sliders.
If all the sliders are maxed out, and the volume is still too low, you can try running the following script to reset your codec settings:
```
$ wget -O hda-analyzer.py https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=blob_plain;f=hda-analyzer/run.py
```
Close the analyzer, and when prompted as to whether you want to reset the codecs, say "yes".
If the volume is still too low, run *alsamixer* again: resetting the codecs may have caused new sliders to become enabled and some of them may be set to a low value.
### Volume is still too low
If you are facing low volume even after maxing out your speakers/headphones, you can give the softvol plugin a try. Add the following to `/etc/asound.conf`.
```
/etc/asound.conf
```
```
pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "softvol"
}
pcm.softvol {
type softvol
slave {
pcm "dmix"
}
control {
name "Pre-Amp"
card 0
}
min_dB -5.0
max_dB 20.0
resolution 6
}
```
**Note:** You will probably have to restart the computer, as restarting the alsa daemon did not load the new configuration. Also, if the configuration does not work even after restarting, try changing `plug` with `hw` in the above configuration.
After the changes are loaded successfully, you will see a `Pre-Amp` section in alsamixer. You can adjust the levels there.
**Note:**
* Setting a high value for `Pre-Amp` can cause sound distortion, so adjust it according to the level that suits you.
* Some audio codecs may need to have settings adjusted in the HDA Analyzer (see [#Volume is too low](#Volume_is_too_low)) in order to achieve proper volume without distortion. Checking the HP option under widget control in the Playback Switch (Node\[0x14] PIN in the ALC892 codec, for instance) can sometimes improve audio quality and volume significantly.
### Random lack of sound on startup
You can quickly test sound by running `speaker-test`. If there is no sound, you may see something similar to:
```
ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1022:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave
Playback open error: -16
Device or resource busy
```
If you have no sound on startup, this may be because your system has multiple sound cards, and their order may sometimes change on startup. If this is the case, try [setting the default sound card](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#Set_the_default_sound_card "ALSA").
If you use [MPD](../../en/Music_Player_Daemon.html "MPD") and the above configuration tips do not work, try following <https://mpd.wikia.com/wiki/Configuration#ALSA_MPD_software_volume_control>.
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Microphone |
## Microphone
### No microphone input
In alsamixer, make sure that all the volume levels are up under recording, and that CAPTURE is toggled active on the microphone (e.g. Mic, Internal Mic) and/or on Capture (in alsamixer, select these items and press space). Try making positive Mic Boost and raising Capture and Digital levels higher; this may make static or distortion, but then you can adjust them back down once you are hearing *something* when you record
As the pulseaudio wrapper is shown as "default" in alsamixer, you may have to press F6 to select your actual soundcard first. You may also need to enable and increase the volume of Line-in in the Playback section.
To test the microphone, run these commands (see [arecord(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/arecord.1) for further information):
```
$ arecord --duration=5 --format=dat test-mic.wav
$ aplay test-mic.wav
```
Alternatively, you can run this command:
```
$ arecord -vv --format=dat /dev/null
```
alongside alsamixer to easily identify channel which you should select and unmute.
To test a particular device, use the `--device` parameter followed by the hardware PCM name in the form `hw:C,D` for card *C* device *D*, or `plughw:C,D` for plugged hardware. For instance:
```
$ arecord -vvv --format=dat --device=plughw:0,0 /dev/null
```
If all fails, you may want to eliminate hardware failure by testing the microphone with a different device.
For at least some computers, muting a microphone (MM) simply means its input does not go immediately to the speakers. It still receives input.
Many Dell laptops need "-dmic" to be appended to the *model* [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-hda-intel model=dell-m6-dmic
```
Some programs use try to use OSS as the main input software. If you have enabled the `snd_pcm_oss`, `snd_mixer_oss` or `snd_seq_oss` [kernel modules](../../en/Kernel_module.html "Kernel modules") previously (they are not loaded by default), try unloading them.
See also:
* <https://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/SoundcardTesting>
* <https://alsa.opensrc.org/Record_from_mic>
### Setting the default microphone/capture device
Some applications (Pidgin, Adobe Flash) do not provide an option to change the capture device. It becomes a problem if your microphone is on a separate device (e.g. USB webcam or microphone) than your internal sound card. To change only the default capture device, leaving the default playback device as is, you can modify your `~/.asoundrc` file to include the following:
```
~/.asoundrc
```
```
pcm.usb
{
type hw
card U0x46d0x81d
}
pcm.!default
{
type asym
playback.pcm
{
type plug
slave.pcm "dmix"
}
capture.pcm
{
type plug
slave.pcm "usb"
}
}
```
Replace *U0x46d0x81d* with your capture device's card name in ALSA. You can use `arecord -L` to list all the capture devices detected by ALSA.
### Internal microphone not working
First make sure the volume is enabled under the `Capture` view in *alsamixer*. In some cases, the "Internal Microphone" is not displayed in the capture list available when pressing F4. If so, specifying the card number given by `aplay -l` to start *alsamixer* (for example `alsamixer -c 0` ) can make it appear.
If still unsucessful, add the following [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
/etc/modprobe.d/snd-hda-intel.conf
```
```
options snd-hda-intel enable_msi=1
```
Then reload the module:
```
# rmmod snd-hda-intel && modprobe snd-hda-intel
```
Now there should be an additional input under the previously mentioned `Capture` view.
### Crackling microphone
If you are getting a crackling or popping sound from your microphone that cannot be resolved with ALSA settings or cleaning your microphone jack, try adding the following [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-hda-intel model=MODEL position_fix=3
```
This option will fix crackling on pure ALSA, but will cause issues with PulseAudio. To let PulseAudio use these settings effectively, edit `/etc/pulse/default.pa` and add the `tsched=0` parameter to `module-udev-detect`:
```
/etc/pulse/default.pa
```
```
load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0
```
See <https://docs.kernel.org/sound/hd-audio/notes.html#dma-position-problem>
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Audio Quality |
## Audio Quality
### Crackling sound through mini-jack (headphones connector)
Following [Advanced Linux Sound Architecture#Simultaneous output](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#Simultaneous_output "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture") might lead to crackling sound through headphones or external speakers. This can be fixed by muting **or** setting the volume to 0% on *Mic*. Use `alsamixer` or `amixer`:
```
$ amixer sset "Mic" 0%
$ amixer sset "Mic" mute
```
### Popping sound after resuming from suspension
You might hear a popping sound after resuming the computer from suspension. This can be fixed by editing `/etc/pm/sleep.d/90alsa` and removing the line that says `aplay -d 1 /dev/zero`
### Sound skipping during playback
Run *alsamixer*, and if channels exist for nonexistent output devices then disable them (e.g. *alsamixer* showing a center speaker but you not having one).
### Poor sound quality or clipping
If you experience poor sound quality, try setting the PCM volume (in alsamixer) to a level such that gain is 0.
If snd-usb-audio driver has been loaded, you could try to enable `softvol`:
```
/etc/asound.conf
```
```
pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "softvol"
}
pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
slave {
pcm "hw:0"
period_size 4096
buffer_size 131072
rate 50000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
pcm.dsnooper {
type dsnoop
ipc_key 1024
slave {
pcm "hw:0"
channels 2
period_size 4096
buffer_size 131072
rate 50000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}
pcm.softvol {
type softvol
slave { pcm "dmixer" }
control {
name "Master"
card 0
}
}
ctl.!default {
type hw
card 0
}
ctl.softvol {
type hw
card 0
}
ctl.dmixer {
type hw
card 0
}
```
### Pops when starting and stopping playback
Some modules (e.g. `snd_ac97_codec` and `snd_hda_intel`) can power off your sound card when it is not used. This can make an audible noise (like a crack/pop/scratch) when turning on/off your sound card. Sometimes even when moving the volume slider or opening and closing windows on some desktop environments. If you find this annoying, try `modinfo your_module` and look for a module option that adjusts or disables this feature.
For example, to disable the power saving mode for the `snd_hda_intel` module, add the following [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd_hda_intel power_save=0
```
You may also need to disable power saving for the audio card controller:
```
options snd_hda_intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N
```
You may also have to unmute the 'Line' ALSA channel for this to work. Any value will do (other than '0' or something too high). For example, on an onboard VIA VT1708S (using the `snd_hda_intel` module) these cracks occurred even when `power_save` was set to 0. Unmuting the 'Line' channel and setting a value of '1' solved the problem.
See <https://docs.kernel.org/sound/designs/powersave.html>
### Sound skipping while using dynamic CPU frequency scaling
**This article or section is out of date.**
**Reason:** The `ondemand` governor was the default for a while, but has [been replaced](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/linux/-/commit/83345a2f829af62ce6fd4b4fa3a875b8f6560f43) for years by `schedutil`, is this still applicable? (Discuss in [Talk:Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Troubleshooting.html))
Some combinations of ALSA drivers and chipsets may cause audio from all sources to skip when used in combination with a dynamic frequency [scaling governor](../../en/CPU_frequency_scaling.html#Scaling_governors "Scaling governor") such as `ondemand` or `conservative`. Currently, the solution is to switch back to the `performance` governor.
Refer to [CPU frequency scaling](../../en/CPU_frequency_scaling.html "CPU frequency scaling") for more information.
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Hardware and Cards |
## Hardware and Cards
### Verifying output parameters
Check the contents of `/proc/asound/cardX/pcmYp/subZ/hw_params`, where `X`, `Y`, and `Z` are system dependent. In order to find this file, execute the following command while outputting anything via ALSA:
```
$ find /proc/asound/ -name hw_params | xargs -I FILE grep -v -l "closed" FILE | grep '/proc/asound/card./pcm.p/sub./hw_params'
```
If nothing is playing there should be no results.
Here is an example output for audio with a [bit depth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_bit_depth "wikipedia:Audio bit depth") of 24 bits and a [sampling frequency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_frequency "wikipedia:Sampling frequency") of 44.1 kilohertz:
```
$ cat /proc/asound/card1/pcm0p/sub0/hw_params
```
```
access: RW_INTERLEAVED
format: S24_3LE
subformat: STD
channels: 2
rate: 44100 (44100/1)
period_size: 5513
buffer_size: 22050
```
More info is available in the [ALSA documentation](https://alsa.opensrc.org/Proc_asound_documentation).
### Error 'Unknown hardware' appears after kernel update
The following messages may be displayed during ALSA's initialization:
```
Unknown hardware "foo" "bar" ...
Hardware is initialized using a guess method
/usr/bin/alsactl: set_control:nnnn:failed to obtain info for control #mm (No such file or directory)
```
or:
```
Found hardware: "HDA-Intel" "VIA VT1705" "HDA:11064397,18490397,00100000" "0x1849" "0x0397"
Hardware is initialized using a generic method
/usr/bin/alsactl: set_control:1328: failed to obtain info for control #1 (No such file or directory)
/usr/bin/alsactl: set_control:1328: failed to obtain info for control #2 (No such file or directory)
/usr/bin/alsactl: set_control:1328: failed to obtain info for control #25 (No such file or directory)
/usr/bin/alsactl: set_control:1328: failed to obtain info for control #26 (No such file or directory)
```
Simply store ALSA mixer settings again:
```
# alsactl -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state store
```
It may be necessary configure ALSA again with alsamixer
### Fix wrong audio pin mapping
If the mappings to your audio pins(plugs) do not correspond but ALSA works fine, you could try HDA Analyzer -- a pyGTK2 GUI for HD-audio control can be found [at the ALSA wiki](https://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/HDA_Analyzer). Try tweaking the Widget Control section of the PIN nodes, to make microphones IN and headphone jacks OUT. Referring to the Config Defaults heading is a good idea.
**Note:** The script is incompatible with Python 3, which is the default Python implementation on Arch Linux. In order to use the script, replace all occurrences of `python` in the `run.py` file with `python2` to point the script to the Python 2 version. Then make the script [executable](../../en/File_permissions_and_attributes.html#Changing_permissions "Chmod") and run it.
### S/PDIF output does not work
If the optical/coaxial digital output of your motherboard/sound card is not working or stopped working, and have already enabled and unmuted it in alsamixer, try running the following:
```
$ iecset audio on
```
You can also put this command in an enabled [systemd](../../en/Systemd.html "Systemd") service as it sometimes it may stop working after a reboot.
### Conflicting PC speaker
If you are sure nothing is muted, that your drivers are installed correctly, and that your volume is right, but you still do not hear anything, then try the following [kernel module parameters](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-NAME-OF-MODULE ac97_quirk=0
```
The above fix has been observed to work with `via82xx`
```
options snd-NAME-OF-MODULE ac97_quirk=1
```
The above fix has been reported to work with `snd-intel8x0`
### HP TX2500
Use these [kernel module parameters](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
options snd-hda-intel index=0 model=toshiba position_fix=1
options snd-hda-intel model=hp (works for tx2000cto)
```
### No sound when S/PDIF video card is installed
Discover available modules and their order:
```
$ cat /proc/asound/modules
```
```
0 snd_hda_intel
1 snd_ca0106
```
Disable the undesired video card audio codec in `/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf`:
```
/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
```
```
install snd_hda_intel /bin/false
```
If both devices use the same module then you can use the `enable` [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter") from snd\_hda\_intel module; it is an array of booleans that can enable/disable the desired sound card.
```
options snd_hda_intel enable=1,0
```
### Wrong sound card model type
Although ALSA detects your soundcard through the BIOS, at times ALSA may not be able to recognize your [model type](https://docs.kernel.org/sound/hd-audio/models.html). The soundcard chip can be found in `alsamixer` (e.g. ALC662) and the model can be set as [kernel module parameters](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-hda-intel model=MODEL
```
There are other model settings too. For most cases ALSA defaults will do. If you want to look at more specific settings for your soundcard take a look at the [ALSA Soundcard List](https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Matrix:Main) find your model, then Details, then look at the "Setting up modprobe..." section. Enter these values in `/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf`. For example, for an Intel AC97 audio:
```
# ALSA portion
alias char-major-116 snd
alias snd-card-0 snd-intel8x0
# module options should go here
# OSS/Free portion
alias char-major-14 soundcore
alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-0
# card #1
alias sound-service-0-0 snd-mixer-oss
alias sound-service-0-1 snd-seq-oss
alias sound-service-0-3 snd-pcm-oss
alias sound-service-0-8 snd-seq-oss
alias sound-service-0-12 snd-pcm-oss
```
### Intel onboard sound
#### No sound with onboard Intel sound card
There may be a problem with two conflicting modules loaded, namely `snd-intel8x0` and `snd-intel8x0m`. In this case, [blacklist](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Blacklisting "Blacklist") `snd-intel8x0m`.
*Muting* the "External Amplifier" in `alsamixer` or `amixer` may also help. See [the ALSA wiki](https://alsa.opensrc.org/Intel8x0#Dell_Inspiron_8600_.28and_probably_others.29).
Unmuting the "Mix" setting in the mixer might help, also.
#### No headphone sound with onboard intel sound card
With some laptops, you may need to add the following [kernel module parameter](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter"):
```
options snd-hda-intel model=model
```
Where *model* is any of the ones listed in the [kernel documentation](https://docs.kernel.org/sound/hd-audio/models.html), but check that it is the correct version of that document for your kernel version.
**Note:** It may be necessary to put this "options" line below (after) any "alias" lines about your card.
To know your chip name type the following command (with \* being corrected to match your files). Note that some chips could have been renamed and do not directly match the available ones in the file.
```
$ grep Codec /proc/asound/card*/codec*
```
Note that there is a high chance none of the input devices (all internal and external mics) will work if you choose to do this, so it is either your headphones or your mic. Please report to ALSA if you are affected by this bug.
And also, if you have problems getting beeps to work (pcspkr):
```
options snd-hda-intel model=model enable=1 index=0
```
### HDMI
#### HDMI Output does not work
The procedure described below can be used to test HDMI audio. Before proceeding, make sure you have enabled and unmuted the output with `alsamixer`.
Connect your PC to the Display via HDMI cable and enable the display with [xrandr](../../en/Xrandr.html "Xrandr").
Use `aplay -l` to discover the card and device number. For example:
```
$ aplay -l
```
```
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: SB [HDA ATI SB], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: SB [HDA ATI SB], device 1: ALC892 Digital [ALC892 Digital]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
```
Send sound to the device. Following the example in the previous step, you would send sound to `card 1`, `device 3`:
```
$ aplay -D plughw:1,3 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
```
If aplay does not output any errors, but still no sound is heard, "reboot" the receiver, monitor or tv set. Since the HDMI interface executes a handshake on connection, it might have noticed before that there was no audio stream embedded, and disabled audio decoding. If you are using a standalone window manager, you may need to have sound playing while plugging in the HDMI cable.
mplay and other application could be configured to use special HDMI device as audio output. But flashplugin could only use default device. The following method is used to override default device. But you need to change it back when your TV is disconnected from HDMI port.
If the test is successful, create or edit your `~/.asoundrc` file to set HDMI as the default audio device.
```
~/.asoundrc
```
```
pcm.!default {
type hw
card 1
device 3
}
```
Or if the above configuration does not work try:
```
~/.asoundrc
```
```
defaults.pcm.card 1
defaults.pcm.device 3
defaults.ctl.card 1
```
Or if you alternatively succeed with
```
$ speaker-test -Dplug:hdmi
```
for your HDMI or DisplayPort port the following configuration will work (successfully tested on Lenovo ThinkPad T430s):
```
~/.asoundrc
```
```
pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "hdmi"
}
```
#### PCM through HDMI does not work (Intel Gfx)
As of Linux 3.1 multi-channel PCM output through HDMI with a Intel card (Intel Eaglelake, IbexPeak/Ironlake,SandyBridge/CougarPoint and IvyBridge/PantherPoint) is not yet supported. Support for it has been recently added and expected to be available in Linux 3.2. To make it work in Linux 3.1 you need to apply the following patches:
* [drm: support routines for HDMI/DP ELD](https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=patch;h=76adaa34db407f174dd06370cb60f6029c33b465)
* [drm/i915: pass ELD to HDMI/DP audio driver](https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=patch;h=e0dac65ed45e72fe34cc7ccc76de0ba220bd38bb)
#### HDMI 5.1 sound goes to wrong speakers
Sound can be redirected to the intended speakers using ALSA's `remap` function.
```
/etc/asound.conf
```
```
pcm.!hdmi-remap {
type asym
playback.pcm {
type plug
slave.pcm "remap-surround51"
}
}
pcm.!remap-surround51 {
type route
slave.pcm "hw:0,3"
ttable {
0.0= 1
1.1= 1
2.4= 1
3.5= 1
4.2= 1
5.3= 1
}
}
```
### Intel Cannon Lake PCH cAVS
**This article or section is out of date.**
**Reason:** User reports of the kernel parameter no longer being needed. No bug report linked to follow up… (Discuss in [Talk:Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/Troubleshooting.html))
On Intel Cannon Lake (eg. HP ZBook 15 G6), the integrated sound chipset requires [ALSA firmware](../../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#ALSA_firmware "ALSA firmware"), and the following [kernel module parameters](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter") are required:
```
options snd-hda-intel dmic_detect=0
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop-amic enable=yes
```
That should enable both sound and microphone.
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Applications |
## Applications
### SDL: No sound with SDL applications
If you get no sound using SDL based applications, try setting the [environment variable](../../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variable") `SDL_AUDIODRIVER` to `alsa`.
### OpenAL: No sound in applications that use OpenAL
OpenAL defaults to PulseAudio. To instruct it to try ALSA first:
```
/etc/openal/alsoft.conf
```
```
drivers=alsa,pulse
```
### VirtualBox: Virtual machine has no sound
If you experience problems with VirtualBox, the following command might be helpful:
```
$ alsactl init
```
```
Found hardware: "ICH" "SigmaTel STAC9700,83,84" "AC97a:83847600" "0x8086" "0x0000"
Hardware is initialized using a generic method
```
You might need to activate the ALSA output in your audio software as well. You might also try selecting different sound devices in your virtual machine settings to find one that works.
### Others: Generic application problems
For other applications who insist on their own audio setup, e.g., XMMS or MPlayer, you would need to set their specific options.
For [MPlayer](../../en/MPlayer.html "MPlayer") or [mpv](../../en/Mpv.html "Mpv"), add the following line to the respective configuration file:
```
ao=alsa
```
Eg. for XMMS2, go into their options and make sure the sound driver is set to ALSA, not oss.
To do this in XMMS:
* Open XMMS
* Options > Preferences.
* Choose the ALSA output plugin.
For applications which do not provide a ALSA output, you can use aoss from the alsa-oss package. To use aoss, when you run the program, prefix it with `aoss`, e.g.:
```
aoss realplay
```
pcm.!default{ ... } doesnt work for me anymore. but this does:
```
pcm.default pcm.dmixer
```
|
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture/Troubleshooting | Other Issues |
## Other Issues
### Simultaneous playback problems
If you are having problems with simultaneous playback, and if [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio") is installed, its default configuration is set to "hijack" the soundcard. Some users of ALSA may not want to use [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio") and are quite content with their current ALSA settings. One fix is to edit `/etc/asound.conf` and comment out the following lines:
```
# Use PulseAudio by default
pcm.!default {
type pulse
fallback "sysdefault"
hint {
show on
description "Default ALSA Output (currently PulseAudio Sound Server)"
}
}
```
Commenting the following out also may help:
```
ctl.!default {
type pulse
fallback "sysdefault"
}
```
This may be a much simpler solution than completely uninstalling [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio").
Effectively, here is an example of a working `/etc/asound.conf`:
```
pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
ipc_key_add_uid 0
ipc_perm 0660
}
pcm.dsp {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmix"
}
```
**Note:** This `/etc/asound.conf` file was intended for and used successfully with a global [MPD](../../en/Music_Player_Daemon.html "MPD") configuration. See [#Problems with availability to only one user at a time](#Problems_with_availability_to_only_one_user_at_a_time).
**Note:** Alternatively, if you do **not** have PulseAudio installed, and just want to get `dmix` to work with vanilla ALSA, see the [upstream documentation](https://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Asoundrc#dmix). In particular, you probably want to replace `dsp` in the above config with `!default`. Also, if you notice this causes certain applications to skip while playing (i.e. sound "glitchy"), and complain about underrun occurring, you may want to tweak the `slave.buffer_size` inside `pcm.dmixer`.
### Removing old ALSA state file (asound.state)
The [alsa-utils](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=alsa-utils) package provides `alsa-store.service` which automatically stores the current ALSA state to `/var/lib/alsa/asound.state` upon system shutdown. This can be problematic for users who are trying to reset their current ALSA state as the `asound.state` file will be recreated with the current state upon every shutdown (e.g., attempting to remove user-defined channels from the mixer). The `alsa-store.service` service may be temporarily disabled by creating the following empty file:
```
# mkdir -p /etc/alsa
# touch /etc/alsa/state-daemon.conf
```
The presence of `state-daemon.conf` prevents `alsa-store.service` from saving `asound.state` during shutdown. After disabling this service, the `asound.state` file may be removed as such:
```
# rm /var/lib/alsa/asound.state
```
After rebooting, the previous ALSA state should be lost and the current state should be reset to defaults. Re-enable `alsa-store.service` by deleting the condition file we created:
```
# rm /etc/alsa/state-daemon.conf
```
On the next shutdown, the `asound.state` file should be recreated with ALSA defaults. The file may also be generated immediately using:
```
# alsactl store
```
If you want to clean ALSA state without rebooting, you can use `rmmod` to remove the sound driver module, then manually delete the unwanted entries in `asound.state`, and then use `modprobe` to reinstall the sound driver module.
### Problems with availability to only one user at a time
You might find that only one user can use the dmixer at a time. This is probably ok for most, but for those who run [mpd](../../en/Music_Player_Daemon.html "Mpd") as a separate user this poses a problem. When mpd is playing a normal user cannot play sounds though the dmixer. While it is quite possible to just run mpd under a user's login account, another solution has been found. Adding the line `ipc_key_add_uid 0` to the `pcm.dmixer` block disables this locking. The following is a snippet from `asound.conf`, the rest is the same as above.
```
...
pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1024
ipc_key_add_uid 0
ipc_perm 0660
slave {
...
```
### Crackling/popping on Dell laptops
Check if you have [i8kutils](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/i8kutils/)AUR installed and if anything (e.g. `i8kmon.service`) is reading or writing to the interface exposed by the module, as i8kutils BIOS system calls block the kernel for a moment on some systems. See warning in [Fan speed control#Dell laptops](../../en/Fan_speed_control.html#Dell_laptops "Fan speed control") for more details.
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Sound](../../en/Category:Sound.html "Category:Sound")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Out of date](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Out_of_date.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Out of date")
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- This page was last edited on 22 May 2024, at 15:33.
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Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid | Intro |
# Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid
\[ ] 2 languages
* [Español](../../es/Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_fcgid.html "Apache HTTP Server (Español)/mod fcgid – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_fcgid "Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server")
**This article or section needs language, wiki syntax or style improvements. See [Help:Style](../../en/Help:Style.html "Help:Style") for reference.**
**Reason:** bad style (Discuss in [Talk:Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid](../../en/Talk:Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_fcgid.html))
[mod\_fcgid](https://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/) is a FastCGI module for Apache with a GPL license.
[apache](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=apache) 2.4 now provides an official module, [mod\_proxy\_fcgi](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html). See [configuration example for php-fpm](https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/PHP-FPM) and [Apache HTTP Server#Using php-fpm and mod\_proxy\_fcgi](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html#Using_php-fpm_and_mod_proxy_fcgi "Apache HTTP Server").
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid | Installation |
## Installation
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [mod\_fcgid](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mod_fcgid/)AUR package.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid | Usage |
## Usage
First you need to load the fastcgi module. Make sure that the following is **present** and **uncommented** in your `httpd.conf`:
```
LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so
```
Then you need to tell Apache when to use FastCGI.
For example you can ask Apache to treat all .fcgi files as fastcgi applications:
```
<IfModule fcgid_module>
AddHandler fcgid-script .fcgi # you can put whatever extension you want
</IfModule>
```
Remember that standard CGI restrictions apply, files must be in an ExecCGI enabled directory to execute.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid | Troubleshooting |
## Troubleshooting
It does not work? Apache error log (`/var/log/httpd/error_log`) should help you find the problem.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod fcgid | See also |
## See also
* [lighttpd#FastCGI](../../en/Lighttpd.html#FastCGI "Lighttpd")
* [Apache HTTP Server#Using php-fpm and mod\_proxy\_fcgi](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html#Using_php-fpm_and_mod_proxy_fcgi "Apache HTTP Server")
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Web server](../../en/Category:Web_server.html "Category:Web server")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Style](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Style.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Style")
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Apache HTTP Server/mod\_gnutls | Intro |
# Apache HTTP Server/mod\_gnutls
\[ ] 2 languages
* [Español](../../es/Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_gnutls.html "Apache HTTP Server (Español)/mod gnutls – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Mod_gnutls "Mod gnutls – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server")
From [mod\_gnutls wiki](https://mod.gnutls.org/wiki):
* * mod\_gnutls is an extension for Apache's httpd uses the GnuTLS library to provide HTTPS.
* It is similar to mod\_ssl in purpose, but it supports some features and protocols that mod\_ssl does not, and it does not use OpenSSL.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_gnutls | Installation |
## Installation
Install [mod\_gnutls](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mod_gnutls/)AUR, available in the [Arch User Repository](../../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "Arch User Repository").
### Configure Apache
Add these lines to `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`:
```
LoadModule gnutls_module modules/mod_gnutls.so
Include conf/extra/httpd-gnutls.conf
```
Make sure that the following line is commented in `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`:
```
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
```
Make sure no vhost definitions include mod\_ssl.
Create the file `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-gnutls.conf` with the following content:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-gnutls.conf
```
```
Listen 443
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
GnuTLSCache dbm "/var/run/httpd/gnutls_scache"
GnuTLSCacheTimeout 600
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
DocumentRoot "/srv/http"
ServerName www.example.org
ServerAdmin youremail@example.org
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/error_log"
TransferLog "/var/log/httpd/access_log"
GnuTLSEnable on
GnuTLSPriorities NORMAL
GNUTLSExportCertificates on
GnuTLSCertificateFile /path/to/certificate/domain.tld.crt
GnuTLSKeyFile /path/to/certificate/domain.tld.key
</VirtualHost>
```
[Restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `httpd.service`.
Check that Apache loaded correctly and answers on port 443.
Additional documentation of configuration directives is on the [outoforder.cc mod\_gnutls](https://web.archive.org/web/20190917191240/http://www.outoforder.cc/projects/apache/mod_gnutls/docs/) documentation page.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_gnutls | Testing |
## Testing
You can test or verify your https configuration via [SSL Labs analyze tool](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html).
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Web server](../../en/Category:Web_server.html "Category:Web server")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_gnutls&oldid=658100>"
- This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 17:04.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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Apache HTTP Server/mod\_perl | Intro |
# Apache HTTP Server/mod\_perl
\[ ] 2 languages
* [Español](../../es/Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_perl.html "Apache HTTP Server (Español)/mod perl – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Mod_perl "Mod perl – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server")
From the [project](https://perl.apache.org/):
* mod\_perl brings together the full power of the Perl programming language and the [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server"). You can use Perl to manage Apache, respond to requests for web pages and much more.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_perl | Installation |
## Installation
Install the [mod\_perl](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mod_perl/)AUR package.
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_perl | Configuration |
## Configuration
Load the module via the main Apache configuration file:
```
httpd.conf
```
```
LoadModule perl_module modules/mod_perl.so
```
### Allow perl to execute scripts for certain directories
There are two possible methods to enable the `mod_perl` module:
* [#Using virtual hosts](#Using_virtual_hosts), or
* [#For a subdirectory](#For_a_subdirectory).
#### Using virtual hosts
Add a virtual host with settings. For example:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
```
```
<VirtualHost perlwebtest:80>
Servername perlwebtest
DocumentRoot /srv/http/perlwebtest
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/perlwebtest-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/perlwebtest-access.log combined
<Directory /srv/http/perlwebtest>
AddHandler perl-script .pl
PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
Options +ExecCGI
PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
```
Ensure `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf` includes the created virtual host:
```
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
```
Make sure it does not have `Options Indexes FollowSymLinks`!
Add "perlwebtest" as localhost in `/etc/hosts`, using the machine's hostname for `yourhostname`:
```
127.0.0.1 localhost yourhostname perlwebtest
```
#### For a subdirectory
Add the following to the main configuration file:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
```
Alias /perlwebtest/ /srv/http/perlwebtest/
<Location /perlwebtest/>
AddHandler perl-script .pl
AddHandler perl-script .cgi
PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
Options +ExecCGI
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Location>
```
### Turn on perl for directory listings
Create `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/perl_module.conf` as well:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/perl_module.conf
```
```
# Required modules: dir_module, perl_module
<IfModule dir_module>
<IfModule perl_module>
DirectoryIndex index.pl index.html
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
```
Then include it in `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
```
# Perl
Include conf/extra/perl_module.conf
```
### Try it out
Create `index.pl` in `/srv/http/perlwebtest`:
```
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/plain\n\n";
print "mod_perl now works\n";
```
[Restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") Apache's `httpd.service` and let it [reload](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Reload") the configuration.
Finally, depending on chosen alternative configuration, visit
* <http://perlwebtest> for [#Using virtual hosts](#Using_virtual_hosts), or
* <http://localhost/perlwebtest> for [#For a subdirectory](#For_a_subdirectory).
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Web server](../../en/Category:Web_server.html "Category:Web server")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_perl&oldid=795547>"
- This page was last edited on 30 December 2023, at 01:05.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi | Intro |
# Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi
\[ ] 2 languages
* [Español](../../es/Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_wsgi.html "Apache HTTP Server (Español)/mod wsgi – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/mod_wsgi "mod wsgi – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server")
According to the [project's site](https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi):
* The aim of mod\_wsgi is to implement a simple to use Apache module which can host any Python application which supports the Python WSGI interface. The module would be suitable for use in hosting high performance production web sites, as well as your average self managed personal sites running on web hosting services.
mod\_wsgi is an [Apache HTTP Server](../../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server") module that embeds a [Python](https://www.python.org) application within the server and allow them to communicate through the Python WSGI interface as defined in the [Python PEP 333](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/). WSGI is one of the Python ways to produce high quality and high performance web applications.
WSGI provide a standard way to interface different web-apps without hassle. Several well-know python applications or frameworks provide wsgi for easy deployment and embedding. It means that you can embed your Django-powered blog and your project's Trac into a single Pylons application that wraps around them to deals with, say, authentication without modifying the formers.
Example:
* [Pylons](https://www.pylonsproject.org/)
* [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/)
* [Turbo-gear](https://turbogears.org/)
* [Trac](https://trac.edgewall.org/)
* [Moin-moin](https://moinmo.in/)
* [Zope](https://www.zope.org/)
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi | Installation |
## Installation
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [mod\_wsgi](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mod_wsgi/)AUR which provides the module working with all common versions of Python (3.x).
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi | Apache configuration |
## Apache configuration
As indicated during installation, add the following line to the configuration file of Apache:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
```
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
```
[Restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `httpd.service`.
Check that Apache is running properly. If the previous command returned nothing, it means that the launch of Apache went well. Otherwise, you can see errors with the `httpd.service` [unit status](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Unit status").
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi | Module test |
## Module test
Add this line in Apache configuration file:
```
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
```
WSGIScriptAlias /wsgi_app /srv/http/wsgi_app.py
```
Create a test file:
```
/srv/http/wsgi_app.py
```
```
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def wsgi_app(environ, start_response):
import sys
output = sys.version.encode('utf8')
status = '200 OK'
headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, headers)
yield output
# mod_wsgi need the *application* variable to serve our small app
application = wsgi_app
```
[Restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `httpd.service`
You can check the proper functioning by going to the following address : <http://localhost/wsgi_app>
|
Apache HTTP Server/mod\_wsgi | See Also |
## See Also
* [LAMP](../../en/Category:Web_applications.html "LAMP")
* [Quick Configuration Guide](https://modwsgi.readthedocs.org/en/develop/user-guides/quick-configuration-guide.html)
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Web server](../../en/Category:Web_server.html "Category:Web server")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_HTTP_Server/mod_wsgi&oldid=726435>"
- This page was last edited on 14 April 2022, at 17:09.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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Arch package guidelines/Security | Intro |
# Arch package guidelines/Security
\[ ] 2 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Arch_%E3%83%91%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3/%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3 "Arch パッケージガイドライン/セキュリティ – 日本語")
* [Português](../../pt/Arch_package_guidelines/Security.html "Arch package guidelines (Português)/Security – português")
From ArchWiki
< [Arch package guidelines](../../en/Arch_package_guidelines.html "Arch package guidelines")
This page describes security packaging guidelines for Arch Linux packages. For C/C++ projects the compiler and linker can apply security hardening options. Arch Linux applies PIE, Fortify source, stack protector, nx and relro by default.
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | Usage |
## Usage
Hardening protections can be reviewed by running [checksec](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=checksec).
```
$ checksec --file=/usr/bin/cat
```
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | RELRO |
## RELRO
RELRO is a generic mitigation technique to harden the data sections of an ELF binary/process. When a program is loaded several ELF memory sections need to be written to by the linker but can be turned read-only before turning control over to the program. This prevents attackers of overriding some ELF sections. There are two different RELRO modes:
* Partial RELRO (`-Wl,-z,relro`) some sections are marked as read-only after program load except the GOT (`.got.plt`) is still writeable.
* Full RELRO (`-Wl,-z,now`) during program load all dynamic symbols are resolved, allowing for the complete GOT to be marked read-only.
If an application reports partial relro, investigate if the build toolchain passes our LDFLAGS or allows overriding LDFLAGS. For Go packages investigate if the build method uses `build.go` as pure golang Makefile replacement which does not allow passing of LDFLAGS.
### Haskell
For Haskell it is not clear how to achieve Full RELRO at the moment.
### Go
See [Go package guidelines#Flags and build options](../../en/Go_package_guidelines.html#Flags_and_build_options "Go package guidelines").
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | Stack canary |
## Stack canary
A [stack canary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_canary "wikipedia:Stack canary") is added by the compiler between the buffer and control data on the stack. If this well known value is corrupted, a buffer overflow occurred and the running program segfaults to prevent possible arbitrary code execution.
The [gcc](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gcc) package has it enabled stack protection by default with the [--enable-default-ssp](https://github.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/blob/packages/gcc/trunk/PKGBUILD#L100) compile option.
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | NX |
## NX
### C/C++
Executable-space protection marks memory regions as non-executable, such that an attempt to execute machine code in these regions will cause an exception. It makes use of hardware features such as the NX bit (no-execute bit), or in some cases software emulation of those features.
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | PIE |
## PIE
### C/C++
The [gcc](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gcc) package has it enabled by default for C/C++ with [--enable-default-pie](https://github.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/blob/packages/gcc/trunk/PKGBUILD#L99).
### Golang
Pass the following flags to `go build`:
```
export GOFLAGS='-buildmode=pie'
export CGO_CPPFLAGS="-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3"
export CGO_LDFLAGS="-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now"
```
### Haskell
Pass the following flag to `runhaskell Setup.hs configure`:
```
--ghc-option='-pie'
```
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | RPATH/RUNPATH |
## RPATH/RUNPATH
RUNPATH/RPATH provides further search paths for the object it is listed in (it can be used both for executable and for shared objects).
```
$ objdump -x /usr/bin/perl | grep -E 'RPATH|RUNPATH'
```
If the RPATH value contains a path within an attackers control it can possibly execute code by installing a malicious library in that directory for example [CVE-2006-1566](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-1566) [CVE-2005-4280](https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2005-4280/). See [Debian:RpathIssue](https://wiki.debian.org/RpathIssue "debian:RpathIssue").
The RPATH entry is set by the linker by passing for example the following string to LDFLAGS `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,/usr/local/lib`. To make an RUNPATH entry append `--enable-new-dtags` to the linker flags.
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | FORTIFY |
## FORTIFY
Fortify source is a macro that adds buffer overflow protection in various functions that perform operations on memory and strings. It checks whether an attacker tries to copy more bytes to overflow a buffer and then stops the execution of the program. This protection is enabled with the default `CPPFLAGS`:
```
makepkg.conf
```
```
CPPFLAGS="-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3"
```
See [makepkg#Configuration](../../en/Makepkg.html#Configuration "Makepkg").
|
Arch package guidelines/Security | systemd services |
## systemd services
**This article or section is a candidate for moving to [systemd/Sandboxing](/index.php?title=Systemd/Sandboxing\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Systemd/Sandboxing (page does not exist)").**
**Notes:** Covers the same topic as [systemd#Sandboxing application environments](../../en/Systemd.html#Sandboxing_application_environments "Systemd"). Both could be merged and moved to a dedicated page. See [User:NetSysFire/systemd sandboxing](../../User:NetSysFire/systemd_sandboxing.html "User:NetSysFire/systemd sandboxing") for a proposed draft. (Discuss in [Talk:Security#systemd unit hardening and system.conf tweaks](../../en/Talk:Security.html#systemd_unit_hardening_and_system.conf_tweaks "Talk:Security"))
If a [systemd](../../en/Systemd.html "Systemd") service file is shipped with the package due to upstream not providing any, look into applying the following systemd service hardening features. Systemd provides a way to analyse security features which are enabled for a service.
```
$ systemd-analyze security reflector.service
```
### File access
A service can be hardened by restricting file system access.
Set up a new file system namespace for the executed process and mounts private `/tmp` and `var/tmp` directories inside it that is not shared by processes outside the namespace. Useful for programs which write data to `/tmp`.
```
PrivateTmp=true
```
ProtectSystem has three different varieties of mounting directories as read-only for the executed process. The "full" option mounts `/usr`, `/boot` and `/etc` read only. ProtectHome makes `/home`, `/root` and `/run/user` inaccessible to the executed process.
```
ProtectSystem=strict
ProtectHome=true
```
Sets up a new `/dev` namespace for the executed process and only adds API pseudo devices such as `/dev/null`, `/dev/zero` or `/dev/random`, but not for physical devices or system memory, system ports and others. This is useful to secure the execute process from writing directly to physical devices, systemd also adds a system call filter for calls within the `@raw-io` set.
```
PrivateDevices=true
```
These options make the executed process unable to change kernel variables accessible through `/proc/sys`, `/sys`, etc. ProtectControlGroups makes the `/sys/fs/cgroup` hierarchy read-only.
```
ProtectKernelTunables=true
ProtectControlGroups=true
```
Making file paths inaccessible can be done as following:
```
InaccessiblePaths=/etc
```
More detailed information can be found in [systemd.exec(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/systemd.exec.5).
### User
Ensure that the executed process and its children can never gain new privileges through [execve(2)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/execve.2).
```
NoNewPrivileges=true
```
### Memory
Prohibit attempts to create memory mappings that are both writable and executable, to change mappings to be executable or to create executable shared memory. This sandboxes a process against allowing an attacker to write in to memory which is also executed. Note that enabling this is not compatible with all applications which rely on a [JIT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIT_\(computing\) "wikipedia:JIT (computing)").
```
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=true
```
### System calls
Locks down the [personality(2)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/personality.2) system call so that the kernel execution domain can not be changed.
```
LockPersonality=true
```
System calls can be restricted in a service as well, systemd can display syscalls to filter on:
```
$ systemd-analyze syscall-filter
```
Predefined groups are available, e.g. to use the recommended starting point for whitelisting system calls for system services use:
```
SystemCallFilter=@system-service
```
System calls can be restricted by their architecture such as to prevent 32-bit binaries from executing on 64-bit machines (no non-native binaries):
```
SystemCallArchitectures=native
```
### Network
If the running process does not require any network access it can be fully disabled by setting up a new network namespace for the process and only configuration a loopback interface.
```
PrivateNetwork=true
```
If network is required, the type of address families used can be restricted for the [socket(2)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/socket.2) system call by for example only allowing UNIX sockets.
```
RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX
```
For when only network to localhost or specific IP ranges is required a process can be restricted by only allowing network access to localhost.
```
IPAddressAllow=localhost
IPAddressDeny=any
```
More information about network filtering can be found in [systemd.resource-control(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/systemd.resource-control.5).
### Various
Sets up a new UTS namespace for the execute process and disallows changing the hostname or domainname.
```
ProtectHostname=true
```
[Categories](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Arch package guidelines](../../en/Category:Arch_package_guidelines.html "Category:Arch package guidelines")
* [Security](../../en/Category:Security.html "Category:Security")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Move](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Move.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Move")
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- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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|
Bash/Functions | Intro |
# Bash/Functions
\[ ] 4 languages
* [Español](../../es/Bash/Functions.html "Bash (Español)/Functions – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Bash/%E9%96%A2%E6%95%B0 "Bash/関数 – 日本語")
* [Русский](../../ru/Bash/Functions.html "Bash (Русский)/Functions – русский")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Bash/Functions "Bash/Functions – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
< [Bash](../../en/Bash.html "Bash")
[Bash](../../en/Bash.html "Bash") also supports functions. Add the functions to `~/.bashrc`, or a separate file which is [sourced](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Source "Source") from `~/.bashrc`. More Bash function examples can be found in [BBS#30155](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=30155).
|
Bash/Functions | Display error codes |
## Display error codes
To set `trap` to intercept a non-zero return code of the last program run:
```
EC() {
echo -e '\e[1;33m'code $?'\e[m\n'
}
trap EC ERR
```
|
Bash/Functions | Compile and execute a C source on the fly |
## Compile and execute a C source on the fly
The following function will compile (within the `/tmp/` directory) and execute the [C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_\(programming_language\) "wikipedia:C (programming language)") source argument on the fly (and the execution will be without arguments). And finally, after program terminates, will remove the compiled file.
```
# Compile and execute a C source on the fly
csource() {
[[ $1 ]] || { echo "Missing operand" >&2; return 1; }
[[ -r $1 ]] || { printf "File %s does not exist or is not readable\n" "$1" >&2; return 1; }
local output_path=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/${1##*/};
gcc "$1" -o "$output_path" && "$output_path";
rm "$output_path";
return 0;
}
```
|
Bash/Functions | Extract |
## Extract
The following function will extract a wide range of compressed file types. Use it with the syntax `extract <file1> <file2> ...`
```
extract() {
local c e i
(($#)) || return
for i; do
c=''
e=1
if [[ ! -r $i ]]; then
echo "$0: file is unreadable: \`$i'" >&2
continue
fi
case $i in
*.t@(gz|lz|xz|b@(2|z?(2))|a@(z|r?(.@(Z|bz?(2)|gz|lzma|xz|zst)))))
c=(bsdtar xvf);;
*.7z) c=(7z x);;
*.Z) c=(uncompress);;
*.bz2) c=(bunzip2);;
*.exe) c=(cabextract);;
*.gz) c=(gunzip);;
*.rar) c=(unrar x);;
*.xz) c=(unxz);;
*.zip) c=(unzip);;
*.zst) c=(unzstd);;
*) echo "$0: unrecognized file extension: \`$i'" >&2
continue;;
esac
command "${c[@]}" "$i"
((e = e || $?))
done
return "$e"
}
```
**Note:** Make sure `extglob` is enabled: `shopt -s extglob`, by adding it to the `~/.bashrc` (see [gregswiki:glob#Options which change globbing behavior](https://mywiki.wooledge.org/glob#Options_which_change_globbing_behavior "gregswiki:glob")).
Another way to do this is to install a specialized package, see [Archiving and compression tools#Convenience tools](../../en/Archiving_and_compression.html#Convenience_tools "Archiving and compression tools").
|
Bash/Functions | cd and ls in one |
## cd and ls in one
Very often changing to a directory is followed by the `ls` command to list its contents. Therefore it is helpful to have a second function doing both at once. In this example we will name it `cl` (change list) and show an error message if the specified directory does not exist.
```
cl() {
local dir="$1"
local dir="${dir:=$HOME}"
if [[ -d "$dir" ]]; then
cd "$dir" >/dev/null; ls
else
echo "bash: cl: $dir: Directory not found"
fi
}
```
Of course the *ls* command can be altered to fit your needs, for example `ls -hall --color=auto`.
|
Bash/Functions | Simple note taker |
## Simple note taker
```
note () {
# if file doesn't exist, create it
if [[ ! -f $HOME/.notes ]]; then
touch "$HOME/.notes"
fi
if ! (($#)); then
# no arguments, print file
cat "$HOME/.notes"
elif [[ "$1" == "-c" ]]; then
# clear file
printf "%s" > "$HOME/.notes"
else
# add all arguments to file
printf "%s\n" "$*" >> "$HOME/.notes"
fi
}
```
|
Bash/Functions | Simple task utility |
## Simple task utility
Inspired by [#Simple note taker](#Simple_note_taker)
```
todo() {
if [[ ! -f $HOME/.todo ]]; then
touch "$HOME/.todo"
fi
if ! (($#)); then
cat "$HOME/.todo"
elif [[ "$1" == "-l" ]]; then
nl -b a "$HOME/.todo"
elif [[ "$1" == "-c" ]]; then
> $HOME/.todo
elif [[ "$1" == "-r" ]]; then
nl -b a "$HOME/.todo"
eval printf %.0s- '{1..'"${COLUMNS:-$(tput cols)}"\}; echo
read -p "Type a number to remove: " number
sed -i ${number}d $HOME/.todo "$HOME/.todo"
else
printf "%s\n" "$*" >> "$HOME/.todo"
fi
}
```
|
Bash/Functions | Calculator |
## Calculator
```
calc() {
echo "scale=3;$@" | bc -l
}
```
|
Bash/Functions | IP info |
## IP info
Detailed information on an IP address or hostname in bash via <https://ipinfo.io>:
```
ipif() {
if grep -P "(([1-9]\d{0,2})\.){3}(?2)" <<< "$1"; then
curl ipinfo.io/"$1"
else
ipawk=($(host "$1" | awk '/address/ { print $NF }'))
curl ipinfo.io/${ipawk[1]}
fi
echo
}
```
**Note:** Bash is limited to extended regular expressions; this example uses perl regular expressions with *grep*. [\[1\]](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/84477/forcing-bash-to-use-perl-regex-engine)
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Command-line shells](../../en/Category:Command-line_shells.html "Category:Command-line shells")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Bash/Functions&oldid=806150>"
- This page was last edited on 16 April 2024, at 15:31.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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|
Bash/Prompt customization | Intro |
# Bash/Prompt customization
\[ ] 4 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Bash-Prompt_anpassen "Bash-Prompt anpassen – Deutsch")
* [Español](../../es/Bash/Prompt_customization.html "Bash (Español)/Prompt customization – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Bash/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA "Bash/プロンプトのカスタマイズ – 日本語")
* [Русский](../../ru/Bash/Prompt_customization.html "Bash (Русский)/Prompt customization – русский")
From ArchWiki
< [Bash](../../en/Bash.html "Bash")
Related articles
* [Bash](../../en/Bash.html "Bash")
* [Environment variables](../../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variables")
* [Git#Git prompt](../../en/Git.html#Git_prompt "Git")
Bash has several prompts which can be customized to increase productivity, aesthetic appeal, and nerd cred.
|
Bash/Prompt customization | Prompts |
## Prompts
Bash has five *prompt strings* that can be customized:
* `PS0` is displayed after each command, before any output.
* `PS1` is the primary prompt which is displayed before each command, thus it is the one most people customize.
* `PS2` is the secondary prompt displayed when a command needs more input (e.g. a multi-line command).
* `PS3` is not very commonly used. It is the prompt displayed for Bash's `select` built-in which displays interactive menus. Unlike the other prompts, it does not expand [Bash escape sequences](#Bash_escape_sequences). Usually you would customize it in the script where the `select` is used rather than in your `.bashrc`.
* `PS4` is also not commonly used. It is displayed when debugging bash scripts to indicate levels of indirection. The first character is repeated to indicate deeper levels.
All of the prompts are customized by setting the corresponding variable to the desired string (usually in `~/.bashrc`), for example
```
PS2='> '
```
|
Bash/Prompt customization | Techniques |
## Techniques
While one can simply set their prompt to a plain string, there are a variety of techniques for making the prompt more dynamic and useful.
### Bash escape sequences
When printing the prompt string, Bash looks for certain backslash-escaped characters and will expand them into special strings. For example, `\u` is expanded into the current username and `\A` is expanded to the current time. So a PS1 of `'\A \u $ '` would be printed like `17:35 username $ `.
See the man page [bash(1) § PROMPTING](https://man.archlinux.org/man/bash.1#PROMPTING) or the [Bash reference manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Controlling-the-Prompt.html) for a complete list of escape sequences.
### Terminfo escape sequences
Aside from the escape characters recognized by Bash, most terminals recognize special escape sequences that affect the terminal itself rather than printing characters. For example they might change the color of subsequent printed characters, move the cursor to an arbitrary location, or clear the screen. These escape sequences can be somewhat illegible and can vary from terminal to terminal, so they are documented in the terminfo database. To see what capabilities your terminal supports, run
```
$ infocmp
```
The capability names (the part before the =) can be looked up in [terminfo(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/terminfo.5) for a description of what they do. For example, `setaf` sets the foreground color of whatever text is printed after it. To get the escape code for a capability, you can use the `tput` command. For example
```
$ tput setaf 2
```
Prints the escape sequence to set the foreground color to green.
**Note:** If tput commands are failing for you, ensure that you have set the correct `TERM` value for your shell. For example, if you have set `xterm` instead of `xterm-256color`, `tput setaf` will only work with color numbers 0-7.
To practically incorporate these capabilities into your prompt, you can use Bash's command substitution and string interpolation. For example
```
GREEN="\[$(tput setaf 2)\]"
RESET="\[$(tput sgr0)\]"
PS1="${GREEN}my prompt${RESET}> "
```
my prompt>
**Note:** Wrapping the tput output in `\[ \]` is recommended by the Bash man page. This helps Bash ignore non-printable characters so that it correctly calculates the size of the prompt. The wrap will not work with command substitution, in which case [the raw `\1 \2`](https://superuser.com/a/301355) must be used.
### ANSI escape sequences
Unfortunately, valid ANSI escape sequences may be missing from your terminal's terminfo database. This is especially common with escape sequences for newer features such as 256 color support. In that case you cannot use tput, you must input the escape sequence manually.
See [Wikipedia:ANSI escape code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code "wikipedia:ANSI escape code") for examples of escape sequences. Every escape sequence starts with a literal escape character, which you can input using the Bash escape sequence `\e`. So for example,`\e[48;5;209m` sets the background to a peachy color (if you have 256 color support) and `\e[2;2H` moves the cursor near the top-left corner of the screen.
In cases where Bash escape sequences are not supported (such as PS3) you can get a literal escape character using Bash's printf builtin:
```
ESC=$(printf "\e")
PEACH="$ESC[48;5;209m"
```
### Embedding commands
If you want to add the output of some command to your prompt, you might be tempted to use command substitution. For example, to add the amount of free memory to your prompt you might try:
```
PS1="$(awk '/MemFree/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo) prompt > "
```
```
53718 prompt >
53718 prompt >
53718 prompt >
```
But this does not work; the amount of memory shown is the same every time! This is because the command is run once, when PS1 is first set, and never again. The trick is to simply prevent the substitution either by escaping the `$` or by defining it in single quotes — either way it will be substituted when the prompt is actually displayed:
```
PS1="\$(awk '/MemFree/{print \$2}' /proc/meminfo) prompt > "
# or
PS1='$(awk "/MemFree/{print \$2}" /proc/meminfo) prompt > '
```
To prevent long commands from making your PS1 huge, you can define functions:
```
free_mem()
{
awk '/MemFree/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo
}
PS1='$(free_mem) prompt > '
```
**Note:** You can use terminfo/ANSI escape sequences inside substituted functions but **not** Bash escapes. In particular `\[ \]` will not work for surrounding non-printable characters. Instead you can use the octal escapes `\001` and `\002` (e.g. using `printf` or `echo -e`).
### PROMPT\_COMMAND
If the `PROMPT_COMMAND` variable or array is set, it will be evaluated right before PS1 is displayed. This can be used to achieve quite powerful effects. For example it can reassign PS1 based on some condition, or perform some operation on your Bash history every time you run a command.
**Note:** `PROMPT_COMMAND` generally should not be used to print characters directly to the prompt. Characters printed outside of PS1 are not counted by Bash, which will cause it to incorrectly place the cursor and clear characters. Either use `PROMPT_COMMAND` to set PS1 or look at [embedding commands](#Embedding_commands).
**Tip:** If the `PROMPT_COMMAND` becomes too complicated, [bash-preexec](https://github.com/rcaloras/bash-preexec) (an implementation of [Zsh](../../en/Zsh.html "Zsh")'s `preexec` and `precmd` hook functions for Bash) may make it more maintainable.
### Escapes between command input and output
You can affect your input text in Bash by not resetting the text properties at the end of your PS1. For example, inserting `tput blink` at the end of your PS1 will make your typed commands blink. However this effect will also continue through the command's output since the text properties are not reset when you hit Enter.
In order to insert escape sequences after you type a command but before the output is displayed, you can set PS0. Alternatively, you can trap Bash's DEBUG signal, which is sent right before each command is executed:
```
$ trap 'tput sgr0' DEBUG
```
### Customizing root prompts
To ensure that you know when you are running as root, you can customize your root prompt to make it clearly stand out (perhaps blinking red?). This is done by customizing the Bash prompt as usual but in root's home directory, `/root`. Start off by copying the skeleton files `/etc/skel/.bash_profile` and `/etc/skel/.bashrc` to `/root`, then edit `/root/.bashrc` as desired.
|
Bash/Prompt customization | Examples |
## Examples
### Colors
**This article or section needs language, wiki syntax or style improvements. See [Help:Style](../../en/Help:Style.html "Help:Style") for reference.**
**Reason:** Too much duplication with [Color output in console](../../en/Color_output_in_console.html "Color output in console") WRT listing colors. Should be trimmed to zsh length. (Discuss in [Talk:Bash/Prompt customization](../../en/Talk:Bash/Prompt_customization.html))
**Tip:** `infocmp` shows the number of colors `tput` works with, for example `colors#8`.
To see the full range of colors your terminal supports, you can use a simple loop with tput (change `setab` to `setaf` for text foregrounds):
```
for C in {0..255}; do
tput setab $C
echo -n "$C "
done
tput sgr0
echo
```
If that does not work (and you cannot fix it by setting the [correct TERM value](#Terminfo_escape_sequences)), you can test the different manual escape sequences:
```
# standard colors
for C in {40..47}; do
echo -en "\e[${C}m$C "
done
# high intensity colors
for C in {100..107}; do
echo -en "\e[${C}m$C "
done
# 256 colors
for C in {16..255}; do
echo -en "\e[48;5;${C}m$C "
done
echo -e "\e(B\e[m"
```
To change the manual escapes from background to foreground, the standard color range is `30..37`, the high intensity range is `90..97`, and the 48 should be changed to 38 for 256 colors.
### Common capabilities
The following [terminfo capabilities](#Terminfo_escape_sequences) are useful for prompt customization and are supported by many terminals. **#1** and **#2** are placeholders for numeric arguments.
| Capability | Escape sequence | Description |
| ------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Text attributes | | |
| blink | \e\[5m | blinking text on |
| bold | \e\[1m | bold text on |
| dim | \e\[2m | dim text on |
| rev | \e\[7m | reverse video on (switch text/background colors) |
| sitm | \e\[3m | italic text on |
| ritm | \e\[23m | italic text off |
| smso | \e\[7m | highlighted text on |
| rmso | \e\[27m | highlighted text off |
| smul | \e\[4m | underlined text on |
| rmul | \e\[24m | underlined text off |
| setab **#1** | \e\[4**#1**m | set background color **#1** (0-7) |
| setaf **#1** | \e\[3**#1**m | set text color **#1** (0-7) |
| sgr0 | \e(B\e\[m | reset text attributes |
| Cursor movement | | |
| sc | \e7 | save cursor position |
| rc | \e8 | restore saved cursor position |
| clear | \e\[H\e\[2J | clear screen and move cursor to top left |
| cuu **#1** | \e\[**#1**A | move cursor up **#1** rows |
| cud **#1** | \e\[**#1**B | move cursor down **#1** rows |
| cuf **#1** | \e\[**#1**C | move cursor right **#1** columns |
| cub **#1** | \e\[**#1**D | move cursor left **#1** columns |
| home | \e\[H | move cursor to top left |
| hpa **#1** | \e\[**#1**G | move cursor to column **#1** |
| vpa **#1** | \e\[**#1**d | move cursor to row **#1**, first column |
| cup **#1** **#2** | \e\[**#1**;**#2**H | move cursor to row **#1**, column **#2** |
| Removing characters | | |
| dch **#1** | \e**#1**P | remove **#1** characters (like backspacing) |
| dl **#1** | \e**#1**M | remove **#1** lines |
| ech **#1** | \e**#1**X | clear **#1** characters (without moving cursor) |
| ed | \eE\[J | clear to bottom of screen |
| el | \e\[K | clear to end of line |
| el1 | \e\[1K | clear to beginning of line |
### Visualizing exit codes
Using the same trick from [embedding commands](#Embedding_commands) you can delay the interpolation of special Bash variables like `$?`. So the following prompt shows the exit code of the previous command:
```
PS1="\$? > "
# or
PS1='$? > '
```
0 > true\
0 > false\
1 >
This can be made more interesting using conditionals and functions:
```
exitstatus()
{
if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
echo ':)'
else
echo 'D:'
fi
}
PS1='$(exitstatus) > '
```
:) > true\
:) > false\
D: >
### Positioning the cursor
It is possible to move the cursor around the screen inside of PS1 to make different parts of the prompt appear in different locations. However, to ensure that Bash positions the cursor and output in the right position, you must move the cursor back to the original position after you are done printing elsewhere. This can be done using the tput capabilities `sc` and `rc` to save and restore the cursor position. The general pattern for a prompt that moves the cursor is
```
PS1="\[$(tput sc; cursor-moving code) positioned prompt stuff $(tput rc)\] normal prompt stuff"
```
where the entire block of repositioned prompt is wrapped in `\[ \]` to prevent Bash from counting it as part of the regular prompt.
#### Right-justified text
The simplest way to print text on the right side of the screen is to use printf
```
rightprompt()
{
printf "%*s" $COLUMNS "right prompt"
}
PS1='\[$(tput sc; rightprompt; tput rc)\]left prompt > '
```
left prompt > right prompt
This creates a right-justified variable-sized field `%*s` and sets its size to the current number of columns of the terminal `$COLUMNS`.
#### Arbitrary positioning
The `cup` capability moves the cursor to a specific position on the screen, for example `tput cup 20 5` moves the cursor to line 20, column 5 (where 0 0 is the top left corner). `cuu`, `cud`, `cuf`, and `cub` (up, down, forward, back) move the cursor relative to its current position. For example `tput cuf 10` moves the cursor 10 characters to the right. You can use the `LINES` and `COLUMNS` variables in the arguments to move the cursor relative to the bottom and right edges. For example, to move 10 lines and 5 columns away from the bottom right corner:
```
$ tput cup $((LINES - 11)) $((COLUMNS - 6))
```
### Customizing the terminal window title
The terminal window title can be customized in much the same way as the prompt: by printing escape sequences in the shell. Thus it is common for users to include window title customizations in their prompt. Although this is technically a feature of xterm, many modern terminals support it. The escape sequence to use is `ESC]2;new titleBEL` where `ESC` and `BEL` are the escape and bell characters. Using [#Bash escape sequences](#Bash_escape_sequences), changing the title in your prompt looks like
```
PS1='\[\e]2;new title\a\]prompt > '
```
Of course your window title string can include output from [embedding commands](#Embedding_commands) or variables such as `$PWD`, so that the title changes with each command.
|
Bash/Prompt customization | See also |
## See also
* Community examples and screenshots in the Forum thread: [What's your PS1?](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=50885) (only accessible if logged in)
* [Gentoo's /etc/bash/bashrc](https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/app-shells/bash/files/bashrc). See also [gentoo-bashrc](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gentoo-bashrc/)AUR.
* [tput(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/tput.1)
* [Colours and Cursor Movement With tput](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/x405.html)
* [Bash Prompt HOWTO](https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/x329.html)
* [Giles Orr's collection of sample prompts](https://gilesorr.com/bashprompt/prompts/index.html)
* [Bash tips: Colors and formatting](https://misc.flogisoft.com/bash/tip_colors_and_formatting)
* [Liquid Prompt — a useful adaptive prompt for Bash & zsh](https://github.com/nojhan/liquidprompt)
* [Bash POWER PROMPT](https://www.askapache.com/linux/bash-power-prompt/)
* [Wikipedia:ANSI escape code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code "wikipedia:ANSI escape code")
* [GNU Bash manual: Controlling the Prompt](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Controlling-the-Prompt.html)
[Categories](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Eye candy](../../en/Category:Eye_candy.html "Category:Eye candy")
* [Command-line shells](../../en/Category:Command-line_shells.html "Category:Command-line shells")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Style](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Style.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Style")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Bash/Prompt_customization&oldid=789850>"
- This page was last edited on 13 October 2023, at 12:09.
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Binfmt misc for Java/Wrapper examples | Intro |
# Binfmt misc for Java/Wrapper examples
\[ ] 1 language
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Java_%E3%81%AE_binfmt_misc/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E4%BE%8B "Java の binfmt misc/ラッパーの例 – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Binfmt misc for Java](../../en/Binfmt_misc_for_Java.html "Binfmt misc for Java")
These are examples of wrappers and C code which can be used to run [Java](../../en/Java.html "Java") programs via `binfmt_misc`.
|
Binfmt misc for Java/Wrapper examples | jarwrapper |
## jarwrapper
```
#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/jarwrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/jar
# set path to java using JAVA_HOME if available, otherwise assume it's on the PATH
JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME:+$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/}java
$JAVA_PATH -jar "$@"
```
|
Binfmt misc for Java/Wrapper examples | javawrapper |
## javawrapper
```
#!/bin/bash
# /usr/local/bin/javawrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/java
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo Usage: $0 class-file
exit 1
fi
CLASS=$1
FQCLASS=`/usr/local/bin/javaclassname $1`
FQCLASSN=`echo $FQCLASS | sed -e 's/^.*\.\([^.]*\)$/\1/'`
FQCLASSP=`echo $FQCLASS | sed -e 's-\.-/-g' -e 's-^[^/]*$--' -e 's-/[^/]*$--'`
# for example:
# CLASS=Test.class
# FQCLASS=foo.bar.Test
# FQCLASSN=Test
# FQCLASSP=foo/bar
unset CLASSBASE
declare -i LINKLEVEL=0
while :; do
if [ "`basename $CLASS .class`" == "$FQCLASSN" ]; then
# See if this directory works straight off
cd -L `dirname $CLASS`
CLASSDIR=$PWD
cd $OLDPWD
if echo $CLASSDIR | grep -q "$FQCLASSP$"; then
CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR | sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`
break;
fi
# Try dereferencing the directory name
cd -P `dirname $CLASS`
CLASSDIR=$PWD
cd $OLDPWD
if echo $CLASSDIR | grep -q "$FQCLASSP$"; then
CLASSBASE=`echo $CLASSDIR | sed -e "s.$FQCLASSP$.."`
break;
fi
# If no other possible filename exists
if [ ! -L $CLASS ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " $CLASS should be in a" \
"directory tree called $FQCLASSP"
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ ! -L $CLASS ]; then break; fi
# Go down one more level of symbolic links
let LINKLEVEL+=1
if [ $LINKLEVEL -gt 5 ]; then
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " Too many symbolic links encountered"
exit 1
fi
CLASS=`ls --color=no -l $CLASS | sed -e 's/^.* \([^ ]*\)$/\1/'`
done
if [ -z "$CLASSBASE" ]; then
if [ -z "$FQCLASSP" ]; then
GOODNAME=$FQCLASSN.class
else
GOODNAME=$FQCLASSP/$FQCLASSN.class
fi
exec 1>&2
echo $0:
echo " $FQCLASS should be in a file called $GOODNAME"
exit 1
fi
if ! echo $CLASSPATH | grep -q "^\(.*:\)*$CLASSBASE\(:.*\)*"; then
# class is not in CLASSPATH, so prepend dir of class to CLASSPATH
if [ -z "${CLASSPATH}" ] ; then
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE
else
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE:$CLASSPATH
fi
fi
shift
# set path to java using JAVA_HOME if available, otherwise assume it's on the PATH
JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME:+$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/}java
$JAVA_PATH $FQCLASS "$@"
```
|
Binfmt misc for Java/Wrapper examples | javaclassname (support for javawrapper) |
## javaclassname (support for javawrapper)
This program is used by the *javawrapper* script above. Compile it with the command
```
$ gcc -O2 -o javaclassname javaclassname.c
```
and move the executable to `/usr/local/bin`.
```
/* javaclassname.c
*
* Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java
* wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel.
*
* Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
/* From Sun's Java VM Specification, as tag entries in the constant pool. */
#define CP_UTF8 1
#define CP_INTEGER 3
#define CP_FLOAT 4
#define CP_LONG 5
#define CP_DOUBLE 6
#define CP_CLASS 7
#define CP_STRING 8
#define CP_FIELDREF 9
#define CP_METHODREF 10
#define CP_INTERFACEMETHODREF 11
#define CP_NAMEANDTYPE 12
/* Define some commonly used error messages */
#define seek_error() error("%s: Cannot seek\n", program)
#define corrupt_error() error("%s: Class file corrupt\n", program)
#define eof_error() error("%s: Unexpected end of file\n", program)
#define utf8_error() error("%s: Only ASCII 1-255 supported\n", program);
char *program;
long *pool;
u_int8_t read_8(FILE *classfile);
u_int16_t read_16(FILE *classfile);
void skip_constant(FILE *classfile, u_int16_t *cur);
void error(const char *format, ...);
int main(int argc, char **argv);
/* Reads in an unsigned 8-bit integer. */
u_int8_t read_8(FILE *classfile)
{
int b = fgetc(classfile);
if(b == EOF)
eof_error();
return (u_int8_t)b;
}
/* Reads in an unsigned 16-bit integer. */
u_int16_t read_16(FILE *classfile)
{
int b1, b2;
b1 = fgetc(classfile);
if(b1 == EOF)
eof_error();
b2 = fgetc(classfile);
if(b2 == EOF)
eof_error();
return (u_int16_t)((b1 << 8) | b2);
}
/* Reads in a value from the constant pool. */
void skip_constant(FILE *classfile, u_int16_t *cur)
{
u_int16_t len;
int seekerr = 1;
pool[*cur] = ftell(classfile);
switch(read_8(classfile))
{
case CP_UTF8:
len = read_16(classfile);
seekerr = fseek(classfile, len, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_CLASS:
case CP_STRING:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_INTEGER:
case CP_FLOAT:
case CP_FIELDREF:
case CP_METHODREF:
case CP_INTERFACEMETHODREF:
case CP_NAMEANDTYPE:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 4, SEEK_CUR);
break;
case CP_LONG:
case CP_DOUBLE:
seekerr = fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_CUR);
++(*cur);
break;
default:
corrupt_error();
}
if(seekerr)
seek_error();
}
void error(const char *format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
FILE *classfile;
u_int16_t cp_count, i, this_class, classinfo_ptr;
u_int8_t length;
program = argv[0];
if(!argv[1])
error("%s: Missing input file\n", program);
classfile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if(!classfile)
error("%s: Error opening %s\n", program, argv[1]);
if(fseek(classfile, 8, SEEK_SET)) /* skip magic and version numbers */
seek_error();
cp_count = read_16(classfile);
pool = calloc(cp_count, sizeof(long));
if(!pool)
error("%s: Out of memory for constant pool\n", program);
for(i = 1; i < cp_count; ++i)
skip_constant(classfile, &i);
if(fseek(classfile, 2, SEEK_CUR)) /* skip access flags */
seek_error();
this_class = read_16(classfile);
if(this_class < 1 || this_class >= cp_count)
corrupt_error();
if(!pool[this_class] || pool[this_class] == -1)
corrupt_error();
if(fseek(classfile, pool[this_class] + 1, SEEK_SET))
seek_error();
classinfo_ptr = read_16(classfile);
if(classinfo_ptr < 1 || classinfo_ptr >= cp_count)
corrupt_error();
if(!pool[classinfo_ptr] || pool[classinfo_ptr] == -1)
corrupt_error();
if(fseek(classfile, pool[classinfo_ptr] + 1, SEEK_SET))
seek_error();
length = read_16(classfile);
for(i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
u_int8_t x = read_8(classfile);
if((x & 0x80) || !x)
{
if((x & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
{
u_int8_t y = read_8(classfile);
if((y & 0xC0) == 0x80)
{
int c = ((x & 0x1f) << 6) + (y & 0x3f);
if(c) putchar(c);
else utf8_error();
}
else utf8_error();
}
else utf8_error();
}
else if(x == '/') putchar('.');
else putchar(x);
}
putchar('\n');
free(pool);
fclose(classfile);
return 0;
}
```
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [System administration](../../en/Category:System_administration.html "Category:System administration")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Binfmt_misc_for_Java/Wrapper_examples&oldid=806243>"
- This page was last edited on 17 April 2024, at 09:07.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Intro |
# Bubblewrap/Examples
\[ ] 1 language
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Bubblewrap/%E4%BE%8B "Bubblewrap/例 – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
< [Bubblewrap](../../en/Bubblewrap.html "Bubblewrap")
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | dhcpcd |
## dhcpcd
Create a simple [dhcpcd](../../en/Dhcpcd.html "Dhcpcd") sandbox:
* Determine available kernel namespaces
```
$ ls /proc/self/ns
cgroup ipc mnt net pid uts
```
**Note:** The absence of `user` indicates that the kernel has been built with `CONFIG_USER_NS=n` or is user namespace restricted.
* Bind as read-write the entire host `/` directory to `/` in the sandbox
* Mount a new devtmpfs filesystem to `/dev` in the sandbox
* Create new [IPC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication "wikipedia:Inter-process communication") and [control group](../../en/Cgroups.html "Control group") namespaces
* Create a new UTS namespace and set `dhcpcd` as the hostname
```
# /usr/bin/bwrap --bind / / --dev /dev --unshare-ipc --unshare-cgroup --unshare-uts --hostname dhcpcd /usr/bin/dhcpcd -q -b
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Unbound |
## Unbound
Create a more granular and complex [Unbound](../../en/Unbound.html "Unbound") sandbox:
* Bind as read-only the system `/usr` directory to `/usr` in the sandbox
* Create a symbolic link from the system `/usr/lib` directory to `/lib64` in the sandbox
* Bind as read-only the system `/etc` directory to `/etc` in the sandbox
* Create empty `/var` and `/run` directories within the sandbox
* Mount a new devtmpfs filesystem to `/dev` in the sandbox
* Create new IPC and [PID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier "wikipedia:Process identifier") and control group namespaces
* Create a new UTS namespace and set `unbound` as the hostname
```
# /usr/bin/bwrap --ro-bind /usr /usr --symlink usr/lib /lib64 --ro-bind /etc /etc --dir /var --dir /run --dev /dev --unshare-ipc --unshare-pid --unshare-cgroup --unshare-uts --hostname unbound /usr/bin/unbound -d
```
**Tip:** See [systemd#Editing provided units](../../en/Systemd.html#Editing_provided_units "Systemd") to enable the bubblewrapping of systemd unit files including `unbound.service`
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | MuPDF |
## MuPDF
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** Forwarding the X11 socket may lead to a sandbox escape (Discuss in [Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples](../../en/Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples.html))
The power and flexibility of *bwrap* is best revealed when used to create an environment within a shell wrapper:
* Bind as read-only the host `/usr/bin` directory to `/usr/bin` in the sandbox
* Bind as read-only the host `/usr/lib` directory to `/usr/lib` in the sandbox
* Create a symbolic link from the system `/usr/lib` directory to `/lib64` in the sandbox
* Create a [tmpfs](../../en/Tmpfs.html "Tmpfs") filesystem overlaying `/usr/lib/gcc` in the sandbox
* This effectively [blacklists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklist_\(computing\) "wikipedia:Blacklist (computing)") the contents of `/usr/lib/gcc` from appearing in the sandbox
* Create a new tmpfs filesystem as the `$HOME` directory in the sandbox
* Bind as read-only an `.Xauthority` file and *Documents* directory into the sandbox
* This effectively whitelists the `.Xauthority` file and *Documents* directory with recursion
* Create a new tmpfs filesystem as the `/tmp` directory in the sandbox
* Whitelist the [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System "wikipedia:X Window System") socket by binding it into the sandbox as read-only
* Clone and create private containers for all namespaces supported by the running kernel
* If the kernel does not support non-privileged user namespaces, skip its creation and continue
* Do not place network components into a private namespace
* This allows for network access to follow URI hyperlinks
```
#!/bin/sh
#~/bwrap/mupdf.sh
(exec bwrap \
--ro-bind /usr/bin /usr/bin \
--ro-bind /usr/lib /usr/lib \
--symlink usr/lib /lib64 \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/gcc \
--tmpfs $HOME \
--ro-bind $HOME/.Xauthority $HOME/.Xauthority \
--ro-bind $HOME/Documents $HOME/Documents \
--tmpfs /tmp \
--ro-bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 \
--unshare-all \
--share-net \
/usr/bin/mupdf "$@")
```
**Tip:** Execute a shell wrapper substituting the existing executable with */usr/bin/sh* to debug and verify the contents and filesystem structure of the sandbox.
```
$ bwrap \
--ro-bind /usr/bin /usr/bin \
--ro-bind /usr/lib /usr/lib \
--symlink usr/lib /lib64 \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/gcc \
--tmpfs $HOME \
--ro-bind $HOME/.Xauthority $HOME/.Xauthority \
--ro-bind $HOME/Desktop $HOME/Desktop \
--tmpfs /tmp \
--ro-bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 \
--unshare-all \
--share-net \
/usr/bin/sh
bash-4.4$ ls -AF
.Xauthority Documents/
```
Perhaps the most important rule to consider when building a bubblewrapped filesystem is that *commands are executed in the order they appear*. From the [MuPDF](https://mupdf.com/) example above:
* A tmpfs system is created followed by the bind mounting of an `.Xauthority` file and a *Documents* directory:
```
--tmpfs $HOME \
--ro-bind $HOME/.Xauthority $HOME/.Xauthority \
--ro-bind $HOME/Documents $HOME/Documents \
```
```
bash-4.4$ ls -a
. .. .Xauthority Desktop
```
* A tmpfs filesystem is created after the bind mounting of `.Xauthority` and overlays it so that only the *Documents* directory is visible within the sandbox:
```
--ro-bind $HOME/.Xauthority $HOME/.Xauthority \
--tmpfs $HOME \
--ro-bind $HOME/Desktop $HOME/Desktop \
```
```
bash-4.4$ ls -a
. .. Desktop
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | p7zip |
## p7zip
Applications which have not yet been patched against [known vulnerabilities](https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2016-9296) constitute prime candidates for bubblewrapping:
* Bind as read-only the host `/usr/bin/7za` executable path to the sandbox
* Create a symbolic link from the system `/usr/lib` directory to `/lib64` in the sandbox
* Blacklist the sandboxed contents of `/usr/lib/modules` and `/usr/lib/systemd` with tmpfs overlays
* Mount a new devtmpfs filesystem to `/dev` in the sandbox
* Bind as read-write the host `/sandbox` directory to the `/sandbox` directory in the sandbox
* *7za* will only run in the host `/sandbox` directory and/or its subdirectories when called from the shell wrapper
* Create new cgroup/IPC/network/PID/UTS namespaces for the application and its processes
* If the kernel does not support non-privileged user namespaces, skip its creation and continue
* Creation of a new network namespace prevents the sandbox from obtaining network access
* Add a custom or an arbitrary [hostname](../../en/Network_configuration.html#Set_the_hostname "Hostname") to the sandbox such as `p7zip`
* Unset the `XAUTHORITY` [environment variable](../../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variable") to hide the location of the X11 connection cookie
* *7za* does not need to connect to an X11 display server to function properly
* Start a new terminal session to prevent keyboard input from escaping the sandbox
```
#!/bin/sh
#~/bwrap/pz7ip.sh
(exec bwrap \
--ro-bind /usr/bin/7za /usr/bin/7za \
--symlink usr/lib /lib64 \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/modules \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/systemd \
--dev /dev \
--bind /sandbox /sandbox \
--unshare-all \
--hostname p7zip \
--unsetenv XAUTHORITY \
--new-session \
/usr/bin/7za "$@")
```
**Note:** */usr/bin/sh* and */usr/bin/ls* must reside in the executable path in order to traverse and verify the sandbox filesystem.
```
bwrap \
--ro-bind /usr/bin/7za /usr/bin/7za \
--ro-bind /usr/bin/ls /usr/bin/ls \
--ro-bind /usr/bin/sh /usr/bin/sh \
--symlink usr/lib /lib64 \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/modules \
--tmpfs /usr/lib/systemd \
--dev /dev \
--bind /sandbox /sandbox \
--unshare-all \
--hostname p7zip \
--unsetenv XAUTHORITY \
--new-session \
/usr/bin/sh
bash: no job control in this shell
bash-4.4$ ls -AF
dev/ lib64@ usr/
bash-4.4$ ls -l /usr/lib/modules
total 0
bash-4.4$ ls -l /usr/lib/systemd
total 0
bash-4.4$ ls -AF /dev
console full null ptmx@ pts/ random shm/ stderr@ stdin@ stdout@ tty urandom zero
bash-4.4$ ls -A /usr/bin
7za ls sh
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Firefox |
## Firefox
Network facing applications with large surface attack areas are also ideal candidates to be bubblewrapped:
* [Transmission](../../en/Transmission.html "Transmission") included in the sandbox to launch with magnet and torrent links
* Example wrap supports audio ([PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio")) and printing ([CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")/[Avahi](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi")) under [GNOME](../../en/GNOME.html "GNOME") ([Wayland](../../en/Wayland.html "Wayland"))
* Paths in `~/.config/transmission/settings.json` should reflect the `--setenv HOME` variable
* Full paths are used to allow for keyboard bindings in environments which do not support variable expansion.
* [WebRenderer](../../en/Firefox.html#Hardware_video_acceleration "Firefox") and hardware (accelerated) compositing support included
```
bwrap \
--symlink usr/lib /lib \
--symlink usr/lib64 /lib64 \
--symlink usr/bin /bin \
--symlink usr/bin /sbin \
--ro-bind /usr/lib /usr/lib \
--ro-bind /usr/lib64 /usr/lib64 \
--ro-bind /usr/bin /usr/bin \
--ro-bind /usr/lib/firefox /usr/lib/firefox \
--ro-bind /usr/share/applications /usr/share/applications \
--ro-bind /usr/share/gtk-3.0 /usr/share/gtk-3.0 \
--ro-bind /usr/share/fontconfig /usr/share/fontconfig \
--ro-bind /usr/share/icu /usr/share/icu \
--ro-bind /usr/share/drirc.d /usr/share/drirc.d \
--ro-bind /usr/share/fonts /usr/share/fonts \
--ro-bind /usr/share/glib-2.0 /usr/share/glib-2.0 \
--ro-bind /usr/share/glvnd /usr/share/glvnd \
--ro-bind /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons \
--ro-bind /usr/share/libdrm /usr/share/libdrm \
--ro-bind /usr/share/mime /usr/share/mime \
--ro-bind /usr/share/X11/xkb /usr/share/X11/xkb \
--ro-bind /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons \
--ro-bind /usr/share/mime /usr/share/mime \
--ro-bind /etc/fonts /etc/fonts \
--ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf \
--ro-bind /usr/share/ca-certificates /usr/share/ca-certificates \
--ro-bind /etc/ssl /etc/ssl \
--ro-bind /etc/ca-certificates /etc/ca-certificates \
--dir "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-1" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-1" \
--dev /dev \
--dev-bind /dev/dri /dev/dri \
--ro-bind /sys/dev/char /sys/dev/char \
--ro-bind /sys/devices/pci0000:00 /sys/devices/pci0000:00 \
--proc /proc \
--tmpfs /tmp \
--bind /home/example/.mozilla /home/example/.mozilla \
--bind /home/example/.config/transmission /home/example/.config/transmission \
--bind /home/example/Downloads /home/example/Downloads \
--setenv HOME /home/example \
--setenv GTK_THEME Adwaita:dark \
--setenv MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND 1 \
--setenv PATH /usr/bin \
--hostname RESTRICTED \
--unshare-all \
--share-net \
--die-with-parent \
--new-session \
/usr/bin/firefox
```
### Enhancing privacy
* Further restrictions can be made by removing specific entries
* Remove the following entry to remove audio support:
```
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" \
```
* `/sandbox` represents an arbitrary location defined by the user to hold desired profile information
* This allows for the use of a [sanitized profile](../../en/Firefox/Privacy.html#Sanitized_profiles "Firefox/Privacy") copied into `/sandbox` via a script/cron job or manually e.g.
```
$ cp -pR ~/.mozilla /sandbox/
```
The location can be a network share, a USB mount, or a local filesystem or [ramfs/tmpfs location](../../en/Firefox/Profile_on_RAM.html "Firefox/Profile on RAM")
* Set `/home/r` to obscure the actual `/home/example`
* Set new user ID and group ID values
**Note:** Ensure that the selected UID and GID does not conflict with existing values listed in `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/groups`.
```
bwrap \
....
--bind /sandbox/.mozilla /home/r/.mozilla \
--bind /sandbox/Downloads /home/r/Downloads \
...
--setenv HOME /home/r \
...
--uid 200 --gid 400 \
...
/usr/bin/firefox --no-remote --private-window
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Chromium |
## Chromium
A simple chromium sandbox on wayland and with pipewire:
```
bwrap \
--symlink usr/lib /lib \
--symlink usr/lib64 /lib64 \
--symlink usr/bin /bin \
--symlink usr/bin /sbin \
--ro-bind /usr/lib /usr/lib \
--ro-bind /usr/lib64 /usr/lib64 \
--ro-bind /usr/bin /usr/bin \
--ro-bind /etc /etc \
--ro-bind /usr/lib/chromium /usr/lib/chromium \
--ro-bind /usr/share /usr/share \
--dev /dev \
--dev-bind /dev/dri /dev/dri \
--proc /proc \
--ro-bind /sys/dev/char /sys/dev/char \
--ro-bind /sys/devices /sys/devices \
--ro-bind /run/dbus /run/dbus \
--dir "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-1" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-1" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pipewire-0" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pipewire-0" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" \
--tmpfs /tmp \
--dir $HOME/.cache \
--bind $HOME/.config/chromium $HOME/.config/chromium \
--bind $HOME/Downloads $HOME/Downloads \
/usr/bin/chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland
```
**Warning:** If you are using the [linux-hardened](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=linux-hardened) kernel, you will not be able to use bubblewrap to sandbox chromium due to the `kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone` [sysctl](../../en/Sysctl.html "Sysctl") being set to 0. You can set it to 1, however, this is not recommended [FS#36969](https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/36969).
One alternative solution is to have chromium use the namespace created by bubblewrap. This can be achieved through [zypak](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zypak/)AUR which is also used by flatpak to run electron based apps inside an additional namespace. Example code that demonstrates how to use zypak with chromium/electron can be found [here](https://github.com/valoq/bwscripts/blob/master/profiles/signal-desktop)
* [PipeWire](../../en/PipeWire.html "PipeWire"): `--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pipewire-0" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pipewire-0" \`
* If you are not using pipewire, feel free to remove this line
* `--bind $HOME/.config/chromium $HOME/.config/chromium \` mounts your chromium configuration directory in the sandbox as readable and writable
* `--bind $HOME/Downloads $HOME/Downloads \` mounts your \~/Downloads directory in the sandbox as readable and writable
* This example can be further improved for more isolation.
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Skype for Linux |
## Skype for Linux
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** Forwarding the X11 and/or DBus sockets may lead to a sandbox escape (Discuss in [Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples](../../en/Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples.html))
The following example provides these features:
* `env -i` ensures that all environment variables are unset.
* Network is shared with the host (`--share-net`), `/etc/resolv.conf` is bind-mounted.
* [Xorg](../../en/Xorg.html "Xorg") access: bind the `/tmp/.X11-unix/X0` socket, set `$DISPLAY`.
* [D-Bus](../../en/D-Bus.html "D-Bus"): bind the `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus` socket, set `$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS`.
* Audio: bind the [PulseAudio](../../en/PulseAudio.html "PulseAudio") socket.
* Video: dev-bind the `/dev/video0` device.
The directory on the host where you want to keep the Skype profile can be configured with `$HOST_PROFILE_PATH`.
```
env -i bwrap \
--ro-bind /usr /usr \
--dir /home/r \
--dir /tmp \
--dir /var \
--dir "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR" \
--proc /proc \
--dev /dev \
--symlink usr/lib /lib \
--symlink usr/lib64 /lib64 \
--symlink usr/bin /bin \
--symlink usr/sbin /sbin \
--symlink ../tmp /var/tmp \
--bind "$HOST_PROFILE_PATH" /home/r/.config/skypeforlinux \
--ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf \
--ro-bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus" \
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse" \
--dev-bind /dev/video0 /dev/video0 \
--chdir / \
--unshare-all \
--share-net \
--hostname RESTRICTED \
--die-with-parent \
--new-session \
--setenv PATH /usr/bin \
--setenv HOME /home/r \
--setenv XDG_RUNTIME_DIR "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR" \
--setenv DISPLAY "$DISPLAY" \
--setenv DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS "unix:path=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bus" \
/usr/bin/skypeforlinux
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | Steam |
## Steam
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** Forwarding the X11 and/or DBus sockets may lead to a sandbox escape (Discuss in [Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples](../../en/Talk:Bubblewrap/Examples.html))
A simple Steam sandbox
```
#!/usr/bin/bash
set -e
STEAM_HOME="$HOME/.local/share/steam_sandbox"
RUN_USER="$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
mkdir -p "$STEAM_HOME"
_bind() {
_bind_arg=$1
shift
for _path in "$@"; do
args+=("$_bind_arg" "$_path" "$_path")
done
}
bind() {
_bind --bind-try "$@"
}
robind() {
_bind --ro-bind-try "$@"
}
devbind() {
_bind --dev-bind-try "$@"
}
args=(
--tmpfs /tmp
--proc /proc
--dev /dev
--dir /etc
--dir /var
--dir "$RUN_USER"
--bind "$STEAM_HOME" "$HOME"
--dir "$HOME"
--dir "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME"
--dir "$XDG_CACHE_HOME"
--dir "$XDG_DATA_HOME"
--dir "$XDG_STATE_HOME"
--symlink /usr/lib /lib
--symlink /usr/lib /lib64
--symlink /usr/bin /bin
--symlink /usr/bin /sbin
--symlink /run /var/run
--setenv XAUTHORITY "$XAUTHORITY"
)
robind \
/usr \
/etc \
/opt \
/sys \
/var/empty \
/var/lib/alsa \
/var/lib/dbus \
"$RUN_USER/systemd/resolve"
devbind \
/dev/dri \
/dev/nvidia* \
/dev/input \
/dev/uinput
# steam
bind \
"$XAUTHORITY" \
"$HOME/.local/bin/proton" \
"$HOME/.pki" \
"$HOME/.steam" \
"$HOME/.steampath" \
"$HOME/.steampid" \
"$HOME/Downloads" \
"$RUN_USER"/.mutter-X* \
"$RUN_USER"/ICE* \
"$RUN_USER"/dbus* \
"$RUN_USER"/gnome* \
"$RUN_USER"/pipewire* \
"$RUN_USER"/pulse* \
"$RUN_USER"/wayland* \
"$RUN_USER/at-spi" \
"$RUN_USER/bus" \
"$RUN_USER/dconf" \
"$RUN_USER/systemd" \
"$XDG_CACHE_HOME/mesa_shader_cache" \
"$XDG_CACHE_HOME/nv" \
"$XDG_CACHE_HOME/nvidia" \
"$XDG_CACHE_HOME/radv_builtin_shaders64" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/Epic" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/Loop_Hero" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/MangoHud" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/ModTheSpire" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/RogueLegacy" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/RogueLegacyStorageContainer" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/cef_user_data" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/proton" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/pulse" \
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/unity3d" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/3909/PapersPlease" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/Colossal Order" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/Dredmor" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/FasterThanLight" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/HotlineMiami" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/IntoTheBreach" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/Paradox Interactive" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/PillarsOfEternity" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/RogueLegacy" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/RogueLegacyStorageContainer" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/Steam" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/SuperHexagon" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/Terraria" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/applications" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/aspyr-media" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/bohemiainteractive" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/cdprojektred" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/feral-interactive" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/frictionalgames" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/icons" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/proton" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/vpltd" \
"$XDG_DATA_HOME/vulkan" \
"/var/lib/bluetooth" \
/run/systemd \
/tmp/.ICE-unix \
/tmp/.X11-unix
exec bwrap "${args[@]}" /usr/lib/steam/steam "$@"
```
|
Bubblewrap/Examples | NPM, Node Version Manager (NVM), Maven Java |
## NPM, Node Version Manager (NVM), Maven Java
In order to be able to run *npm* in a project root you can use the following command.
It works in combination with Angular, Cypress and Maven Java. X11 and wayland are on top included because Cypress starts a GUI based on electron.
It allows full file access to the current directory where it is run from. Assuming you execute `npm install` in the current project root where *npm* needs to write to `node_modules`, `package.json`, etc. Also access to global *npm* install directory and *nvm* is allowed (`npm -g install ...`). Furthermore X11 with cypress is also able to run and even wayland apps.
**Note:** The bindings to the directories zsh, maven, etc might differ from your setup.
```
bwrap_arguments=(
# no zombies
--die-with-parent
# network required for dependencies
--unshare-all
--share-net
# create environment for a properly running shell
--tmpfs /
--tmpfs /run
--dir /tmp
--dev /dev
--proc /proc
--ro-bind /bin /bin
--ro-bind /sbin /sbin
--ro-bind /usr /usr
--ro-bind /etc /etc
--ro-bind /lib /lib
--ro-bind /lib64 /lib64
--ro-bind /sys /sys
--ro-bind /var /var
# systemd-resolve for dns
--ro-bind /run/systemd/resolve /run/systemd/resolve
# git is used by npm to init repos, config necessary for email username
--ro-bind $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config
# zsh has to look everywhere cool
--ro-bind $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshrc $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshrc
--ro-bind $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshenv $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh/.zshenv
--ro-bind $HOME/.zshenv $HOME/.zshenv
# Maven
--ro-bind /opt/maven /opt/maven
--ro-bind $HOME/.m2 $HOME/.m2
# NPM
--bind "$XDG_DATA_HOME/npm" "$XDG_DATA_HOME/npm"
# cache is needed by many programs like npm, cypress, nvm, maven
--bind "$XDG_CACHE_HOME" "$XDG_CACHE_HOME"
# x11, needed for cypress
--ro-bind "$XAUTHORITY" "$XAUTHORITY"
# wayland, might be useful
--ro-bind "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY" "$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY"
# current dir is assumed to be project dir and full access is allowed
--bind "$(pwd)" "$(pwd)"
)
# run bwrap with the arguments specified above and with the command provided by the user: zsh, npm install, etc
$ bwrap "${bwrap_arguments[@]}" "$@"
```
[Categories](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Sandboxing](../../en/Category:Sandboxing.html "Category:Sandboxing")
* [Kernel](../../en/Category:Kernel.html "Category:Kernel")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Accuracy](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Accuracy.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Accuracy")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Bubblewrap/Examples&oldid=805314>"
- This page was last edited on 5 April 2024, at 00:32.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Intro |
# CUPS/Printer-specific problems
\[ ] 2 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/CUPS/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%88%A5%E3%81%AE%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C "CUPS/プリンター別の問題 – 日本語")
* [Русский](../../ru/CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html "CUPS (Русский)/Printer-specific problems – русский")
From ArchWiki
< [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
Related articles
* [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
* [CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/CUPS/Troubleshooting.html "CUPS/Troubleshooting")
This article contains printer or manufacturer-specific instructions for [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS"). See [OpenPrinting](https://www.openprinting.org/printers) if your printer is not already listed here, or if none of the listed drivers work.
**Note:** If you add a printer to this list, consider contributing your entry to [OpenPrinting](https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/openprinting/database/databaseintro) - that way users of other distributions will also benefit!
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Brother |
## Brother
**Note:** Some printer models can be found in several entries because there are several packages or drivers for them.
Drivers for several models:
| Printers | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| DCP-1510 series (DCP-1510, DCP-1510r, DCP-1511, DCP-1512, DCP-1512r, DCP-1518) | [brother-dcp1510](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp1510/)AUR | |
| DCP-7010, DCP-7020, DCP-7025, DCP-8060, DCP-8065DN, FAX-2820, FAX-2920, HL-2030, HL-2040, HL-2070N, HL-5240, HL-5250DN, HL-5270DN, HL-5280DW, MFC-7220, MFC-7225N, MFC-7420, MFC-7820N, MFC-8460N, MFC-8660DN, MFC-8860DN, MFC-8870DW | [brother-cups-wrapper-laser](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-cups-wrapper-laser/)AUR | |
| HL-4040CN, HL-4040CDN, HL-4050CDN, HL-4070CDW, MFC-9440CN, MFC-9450CDN, MFC-9840CDW, DCP-9040CN, DCP-9042CDN, DCP-9045CDN | [brother-cups-wrapper-ac](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-cups-wrapper-ac/)AUR | |
| DCP-1510 series, DCP-1600 series, DCP-7030, DCP-7040, DCP-7055, DCP-7055W, DCP-7060D, DCP-7065DN, DCP-7080, DCP-L2500D series, DCP-L2520D series, DCP-L2540DW series, HL-1110 series, HL-1200 series, HL-2030 series, HL-2140 series, HL-2220 series, HL-2270DW series, HL-5030 series, HL-L2300D series, HL-L2320D series, HL-L2340D series, HL-L2360D series, MFC-1910W, MFC-1919NW, MFC-7240, MFC-7360N, MFC-7365DN, MFC-7840W, Lenovo M7605D | [brlaser](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser/)AUR [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR | Unofficial driver, may be compatible with more models |
Drivers for one model:
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DCP-135C | [brother-dcp135c](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp135c/)AUR | |
| DCP-150C | [brother-dcp150c](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp150c/)AUR | |
| DCP-150C | [brother-dcp150c](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp150c/)AUR | |
| DCP-2550DW | [brother-dcp-l2550dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp-l2550dw/)AUR | |
| DCP-B7500D | [brother-dcpb7500d](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcpb7500d/)AUR | |
| DCP-L3550CDW | [brother-dcpl3550cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcpl3550cdw/)AUR | Use IPP driver as described [here](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcpl3550cdw/#comment-728480) and [here](https://www.printerforums.net/threads/brother-dcp-l3550cdw.68978/). |
| DCP-7020 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or Brother's driver. |
| DCP-7030 | [brother-dcp7030](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp7030/)AUR | |
| DCP-7065DN | [brother-dcp7065dn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp7065dn/)AUR | |
| DCP-7090DW | [brother-dcp7090dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp7090dw/)AUR | |
| DCP-9020CDW | [brother-dcp-9020cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp-9020cdw/)AUR | |
| DCP-9022CDW | [brother-dcp-9022cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp-9022cdw/)AUR | |
| DCP-J515W | [brother-dcp-j515w](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcp-j515w/)AUR | |
| DCP-J4110DW | [brother-dcpj4110dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcpj4110dw/)AUR | |
| DCP-J1200W | [brother-dcpj1200w](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-dcpj1200w/)AUR | "DCPJ1200W" is added automatically to cups when installing this aur package. multilib not required. SANE drivers for this model: [brscan5](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brscan5/)AUR |
| FAX-2820 | [brother-cups-wrapper-laser](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-cups-wrapper-laser/)AUR | |
| FAX-2840 | [brother-fax2840](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-fax2840/)AUR | Or [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") - works mostly with `hpijs-pcl5e.ppd`. Same as the HL-2170W. |
| FAX-2940 | [brother-fax2940](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-fax2940/)AUR | |
| HL-1110 | [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR | Tested and it works |
| HL-2030 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or [brother-hl2030](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2030/)AUR |
| HL-2035 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Should be compatible with any drivers for the HL-2030. |
| HL-2040 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or [brother-hl2040](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2040/)AUR |
| HL-2130 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") (using the HL-2140 driver) | Or [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) |
| HL-2135W | [brother-brgenml1](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-brgenml1/)AUR | |
| HL-2140 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or [brother-hl2140](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2140/)AUR |
| HL-2170W | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or Brother's driver. |
| HL-2230 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Same as HL-2170W. Select HL-2170W as the driver in CUPS admin when adding a printer. |
| HL-2250DN | [brother-brgenml1](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-brgenml1/)AUR | [brother-hl2250dn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2250dn/)AUR is broken? |
| HL-2270DW | [brother-hl2270dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2270dw/)AUR | |
| HL-2280DW | [brother-hl2280dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl2280dw/)AUR | |
| HL-3045CN | Install Brother's driver or [brother-hl3040cn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl3040cn/)AUR. | |
| HL-3140CW | [brother-hl3140cw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl3140cw/)AUR | Use IPP and Brother's driver to avoid page-shrinking and endless blank printouts |
| HL-3150CDW | [brother-hl3150cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl3150cdw/)AUR | |
| HL-3170CDW | [brother-hl3170cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl3170cdw/)AUR | |
| HL-4150CDN | [brother-hl4150cdn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hl4150cdn/)AUR | |
| HL-5140 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or Brother's driver. |
| HL-5340 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Using the *Generic PCL 6/PCL XL Printer - CUPS+Gutenprint* ([gutenprint](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gutenprint) and [foomatic-db-gutenprint-ppds](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db-gutenprint-ppds)). Or Brother's driver, which may result in failed prints with postscript errors. |
| HL-L2300D | [brother-hll2300d](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2300d/)AUR | [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR works better. Using the brother driver, only defaults are honored and print-specific settings are ignored. |
| HL-L2340DW | [brother-hll2340dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2340dw/)AUR | |
| HL-L2350DW | [brother-hll2350dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2350dw/)AUR | |
| HL-L2360DN | [brother-hll2360d](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2360d/)AUR | Or [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR |
| HL-L2360DW | [brother-hll2360d](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2360d/)AUR | [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR should works. |
| HL-L2365DW | [brother-hll2360d](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2360d/)AUR | [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR should works. |
| HL-L2380DW | [brother-hll2380dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2380dw/)AUR | |
| HL-L2395DW | [brother-hll2395dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll2395dw/)AUR | Use the `socket` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers) |
| HL-L3230CDW | [brother-hll3230cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll3230cdw/)AUR | Or <https://github.com/splitbrain/archlinux-brother-hll3230cdw> |
| HL-L3270CDW | [brother-hll3270cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll3270cdw/)AUR | Use the `lpd` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| HL-L5100DN | HP LaserJet Foomatic driver | This model will emulate a HP LaserJet. Use the `lpd` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| HL-L8360CDW | [brother-hll8360cdw-cups-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-hll8360cdw-cups-bin/)AUR | |
| MFC-420CN | [brother-mfc-420cn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-420cn/)AUR | |
| MFC-440CN | [brother-mfc-440cn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-440cn/)AUR | |
| MFC-7360N | [brother-mfc7360n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc7360n/)AUR | Or [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR |
| MFC-7460DN | [Gutenprint](../../en/CUPS.html#Gutenprint "Gutenprint") | Use the *Generic PCL 6 Printer wide margin - CUPS+Gutenprint* driver, with address `ipp://hostname-or-ip/pcl_p1`. |
| MFC-7840W | [brother-mfc-7840w](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-7840w/)AUR | Or [brlaser-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brlaser-git/)AUR |
| MFC-9320CW | Install Brother's driver. | |
| MFC-9332CDW | [brother-mfc-9332cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-9332cdw/)AUR | |
| MFC-9840CDW | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | Or Brother's driver. This printer also works with the generic PCL-6 driver from the [gutenprint](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gutenprint) package. Use **pcl\_p1** for the printer's address when using the PCL-6 driver. |
| MFC-J1300DW | [brother-mfc-j1300dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j1300dw/)AUR | Use the `ipp` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-J435W | [brother-mfc-j435w](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j435w/)AUR | Use `lpd://[printer_addr]/BINARY_P1` or `http://[printer_addr]/POSTSCRIPT_P1` as described in the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-J470DW | [brother-mfc-j470dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j470dw/)AUR | Use the `ipp` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-J4710DW | [brother-mfc-j4710dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j4710dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-J480DW | [brother-mfc-j480dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j480dw/)AUR | Use the `ipp` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-J5520DW | [brother-mfc-j5520dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j5520dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-J5845DW | [brother-mfc-j5845dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j5845dw/)AUR | Use the `ipp` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-J5910DW | [brother-mfc-j5910dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j5910dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-J650DW | Install Brother's driver. | |
| MFC-J885DW | [brother-mfc-j885dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j885dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-J985DW | [brother-mfc-j985dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-j985dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-L2700DN | [brother-mfc-l2700dn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2700dn/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L2700DW | [brother-mfc-l2700dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2700dw/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L2710DN | [brother-mfc-l2700dn](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2700dn/)AUR | Use the `ipp` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-L2710DW | [brother-mfc-l2710dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2710dw/)AUR | Use the `lpd` protocol as described in [#Network printers](#Network_printers). |
| MFC-L2720DW | [brother-mfc-l2720dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2720dw/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L2730DW | [brother-mfc-l2730dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2730dw/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L2740DW | [brother-mfc-l2740dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l2740dw/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L3770CDW | [brother-mfc-l3770cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l3770cdw/)AUR | Please look also at the comments section of the AUR package page. |
| MFC-L5800DW | [brother-mfc-l5750dw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l5750dw/)AUR | |
| MFC-L8600CDW | [brother-mfc-l8600cdw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-mfc-l8600cdw/)AUR | Please follow the instructions on the AUR page. |
| QL-500 | [brother-ql500](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql500/)AUR | |
| QL-570 | [brother-ql570](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql570/)AUR | |
| QL-580N | [brother-ql580n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql580n/)AUR | |
| QL-650TD | [brother-ql650td](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql650td/)AUR | |
| QL-700 | [brother-ql700](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql700/)AUR | |
| QL-710W | [brother-ql710w](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql710w/)AUR | |
| QL-720NW | [brother-ql720nw](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql720nw/)AUR | |
| QL-1050 | [brother-ql1050](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql1050/)AUR | |
| QL-1050N | [brother-ql1050n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql1050n/)AUR | |
| QL-1060 | [brother-ql1060n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql1060n/)AUR | |
| QL-1110NWB | [brother-ql1110nwb](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-ql1110nwb/)AUR | |
| TD-2020 | [brother-td2020](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-td2020/)AUR | |
| TD-2120N | [brother-td2120n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-td2120n/)AUR | |
| TD-2130N | [brother-td2130n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-td2130n/)AUR | |
| TD-4000 | [brother-td4000](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-td4000/)AUR | |
| TD-4100N | [brother-td4100n](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/brother-td4100n/)AUR | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
### Network printers
For network printers, use `ipp://printer_ip/ipp/port1` as printer address. For some older printers, this might not work. If not, try `lpd://printer_ip/BINARY_P1` instead.
Some printers use the socket protocol. For these printers, use `socket://printer_ip:9100`. For http, use `http://printer_ip/POSTSCRIPT_P1`.
### Custom drivers
Brother provides custom drivers on their website, either in source tarball, rpm, or deb form. [Packaging Brother printer drivers](../../en/Packaging_Brother_printer_drivers.html "Packaging Brother printer drivers") covers creating [PKGBUILDs](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD") from the existing RPM packages.
**Note:** The source packages might be a better alternative to the rpm packages, provided they contain all the needed files.
#### Manually installing from the RPM packages
**Warning:** This should ideally be automated in a [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD").
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [rpmextract](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=rpmextract) package, and extract both rpm packages using `rpmextract.sh`. Extracting both files will create a var and a usr directory - move the contents of both directories into the corresponding root directories.
Run the cups wrapper file in `/usr/local/Brother/cupswrapper`. This should automatically install and configure your brother printer.
For some of the drivers 32 bit libraries may need to be installed from [multilib](../../en/Official_repositories.html#multilib "Multilib").
### Updating the firmware
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [net-snmp](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=net-snmp) and run:
```
$ snmpwalk -c public $PRINTER_IP | grep -A 1 3.6.1.4.1.2435.2.4.3.99.3.1.6.1.2
```
Or alternatively:
```
$ snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.23.11 iso.3.6.1.4.1.2435.2.4.3.99.3.1.6.1.2
```
At this point, you will have the relevant data to get a valid firmware download link from Brother. The file should look similar to the one below:
```
request.xml
```
```
<REQUESTINFO>
<FIRMUPDATETOOLINFO>
<FIRMCATEGORY>MAIN</FIRMCATEGORY>
<OS>LINUX</OS>
<INSPECTMODE>1</INSPECTMODE>
</FIRMUPDATETOOLINFO>
<FIRMUPDATEINFO>
<MODELINFO>
<SELIALNO></SELIALNO>
<NAME>MFC-9330CDW</NAME>
<SPEC>0401</SPEC>
<DRIVER></DRIVER>
<FIRMINFO>
<FIRM>
<ID>MAIN</ID>
<VERSION>R1506121801:4504</VERSION>
</FIRM>
<FIRM>
<ID>SUB1</ID>
<VERSION>1.07</VERSION>
</FIRM>
<FIRM>
<ID>SUB2</ID>
<VERSION>L1505291600</VERSION>
</FIRM>
</FIRMINFO>
</MODELINFO>
<DRIVERCNT>1</DRIVERCNT>
<LOGNO>2</LOGNO>
<ERRBIT></ERRBIT>
<NEEDRESPONSE>1</NEEDRESPONSE>
</FIRMUPDATEINFO>
</REQUESTINFO>
```
Post this file to Brother:
```
$ curl -X POST -d @request.xml https://firmverup.brother.co.jp/kne_bh7_update_nt_ssl/ifax2.asmx/fileUpdate -H "Content-Type:text/xml" > response.xml
```
In `response.xml` you will find a `<PATH>` tag that contains the firmware download URL. Next, download the firmware, push it to the printer, and let the printer process it. Before that is done, change the Admin password to something known, it will be used as the user to log into the FTP site (VERY bad practice, do not do this).
```
$ wget http://update-akamai.brother.co.jp/CS/LZ4266_W.djf[dead link 2023-07-30 ⓘ]
$ ftp $PRINTER_IP|
ftp> bin
ftp> hash
ftp> send LZ4266_W.djf
ftp> bye
```
With that, the printer will restart, and the latest firmware will be installed and (hopefully) your printing woes will be solved.
### IPP-over-USB
You might experience some trouble while using the USB port on certain models.
Brother provides a shell script to create udev rules to prevent the use of IPP-over-USB. This might solve USB printing problems but means that you need to use the legacy LPR driver. See the [FAQ article](https://support.brother.com/g/b/faqend.aspx?c=us_ot\&lang=en\&prod=mfcl9570cdw_us_eu_as\&faqid=faq00100729_000).
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Canon |
## Canon
There are many possible drivers for Canon printers. [Many Canon printers](https://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/p_Supported_Printers.php) are supported by [Gutenprint](../../en/CUPS.html#Gutenprint "Gutenprint") and [foomatic-db-ppds](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db-ppds). Some of Canon's LBP, iR, and MF printers use a driver supporting the UFR II/UFR II LT/LIPSLX protocols, [#UFRII](#UFRII) . Others use the [#CARPS](#CARPS), or [#cnijfilter](#cnijfilter) ([cnijfilter2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2/)AUR / [cnijfilter2-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2-bin/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found]), or [Canon CAPT](../../en/Canon_CAPT.html "Canon CAPT") drivers.
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| iP4300 | [Gutenprint](../../en/CUPS.html#Gutenprint "Gutenprint") | Or use the [TurboPrint](https://www.turboprint.info/) driver. |
| PIXMA G4000 series | | Misidentifies itself as Canon G3010 Series. Use Canon PIXMA G4000 - CUPS+Gutenprint driver instead. |
| LBP810 | [Canon CAPT](../../en/Canon_CAPT.html "Canon CAPT") | |
| LBP1120 | | |
| LBP1210 | | |
| LBP2900 | | |
| LBP3000 | | |
| LBP3010 | | |
| LBP3018 | | |
| LBP3050 | | |
| LBP3100 | | |
| LBP3108 | | |
| LBP3150 | | |
| LBP3200 | | |
| LBP3210 | | |
| LBP3250 | | |
| LBP3300 | | |
| LBP3310 | | |
| LBP3500 | | |
| LBP5000 | | |
| LBP5050 series | | |
| LBP5100 | | |
| LBP5300 | | |
| LBP6000 | | |
| LBP6018 | | |
| LBP6020 | | |
| LBP6200 | | |
| LBP6300 | | |
| LBP6300n | | |
| LBP6310dn | | |
| LBP7010C | | |
| LBP7018C | | |
| LBP7200Cdn (network mode) | | |
| LBP7200C series | | |
| LBP7210Cdn | | |
| LBP9100C | | |
| LBP7110cw (network mode) | [cnrdrvcups-lb](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnrdrvcups-lb/)AUR v 5.00 | |
| MF216n (network over ldp) | [cndrvcups-lb-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cndrvcups-lb-bin/)AUR | |
| MF635Cx | | |
| MF4720w | | |
| MF4770n | | |
| MF8080Cw | | See [CUPS#Network](../../en/CUPS.html#Network "CUPS") for discovery. |
| FAX-L400 | [carps-cups-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/carps-cups-git/)AUR | |
| FP-L170 | | Should work, unverified |
| ICD300 | | |
| imageCLASS D300 | | |
| L380 | | Should work, unverified |
| L389 | | Should work, unverified |
| L390 | | |
| L408S | | |
| LASERCLASS 500 | | Should work, unverified |
| LC180 | | |
| LC310 | | |
| LC380S | | |
| LC398S | | |
| MF350 | | Should work, unverified |
| MF3110 | | |
| MF5630 | | |
| MF5650 | | Should work, unverified |
| MF5730 | | |
| MF5750 | | |
| MF5770 | | |
| PC-D300 | | |
| MG4200 series | [cnijfilter-mg4200](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter-mg4200/)AUR | Avoid the [web interface](../../en/CUPS.html#Web_interface "CUPS") when adding the printer as it will not find the PPD file. |
| MB2350 | [cnijfilter2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2/)AUR [cnijfilter2-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2-bin/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found] | |
| MB5450 | | |
| MX490 | | |
| MX492 | | |
| TR150 | | |
| TR8500 series | | |
| TS202 | | |
| TS3100 series | | |
| TS8050 | Without [cnijfilter2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2/)AUR printing will fail with a filter error or you might get "Rendering Completed" and nothing will print | |
| TS9020 | [canon-ts9020](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/canon-ts9020/)AUR | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
Some Canon printers will use a similar setup to the iP4500, so consider modifying the [cnijfilter-ip4500](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter-ip4500/)AUR package for other, similar printers.
### UFRII
Many LBP, iR, and MF printers use a protocol that has had several names over the years: UFR II, UFR II LT, LIPSLX. There are multiple packages for these printers in AUR, and at least the imageCLASS MF4570dn and i-sensys MF633C are reported to only work with the older v3.70 version.
[cnrdrvcups-lb](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnrdrvcups-lb/)AUR v 5.00: latest version built from source
[cndrvcups-lb](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cndrvcups-lb/)AUR 3.70 and [cndrvcups-common-lb](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cndrvcups-common-lb/)AUR 4.10: older version built from source
[cndrvcups-lb-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cndrvcups-lb-bin/)AUR v3.70: uses Canon provided binaries with location/config adjustments to make them work on Arch Linux
### CARPS
Some of Canon's printers use Canon's proprietary CARPS (*Canon Advanced Raster Printing System*) driver. [Rainbow Software](https://www.rainbow-software.org/2014/01/23/cups-driver-for-canon-carps-printers/) have managed to reverse engineer the CARPS data format and have successfully created a CARPS CUPS driver, which is available as [carps-cups-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/carps-cups-git/)AUR. The project's [GitHub](https://github.com/ondrej-zary/carps-cups) page includes a list of working printers.
### USB over IP (BJNP)
Some Canon printers use Canon's proprietary USB over IP BJNP protocol to communicate over the network. There is a CUPS backend for this, which is available as [cups-bjnp](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cups-bjnp/)AUR.
### cnijfilter
Some printers using the cnijfilter drivers support the `cnijnet` protocol. To find the [printer URI](../../en/CUPS.html#Printer_URI "CUPS") run
```
$ cnijnetprn --search auto
```
and use the `cnijnet:/` URI in the output.
Other driver versions, as is the case for the current version of [cnijfilter2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cnijfilter2/)AUR, provide the `cnijlgmon3` binary to search for available printers.
```
$ cnijlgmon3
```
```
network cnijbe2://Canon/?port=net&serial=60-12-81-A7-7D-34 "Canon MB2300 series" "Canon-MB2300-series_60-12-81-A7-7D-34"
```
The printer can be added to cups using the `cnijbe2` url and an appropriate `.ppd` file, which should be shipped with your driver.
```
$ lpadmin -p CustomPrinterNameMB2300 -P /usr/share/cups/model/canonmb2300.ppd -v "cnijbe2://Canon/?port=net&serial=60-12-81-A7-7D-34" -E
```
The argument `serial` in the cnijbe2 url corresponds to the MAC address of the printer.
### IPP Everywhere
For recent Canon printers, like the G7000 series, it can be hard to find a valid driver. However, it is possible to use a driverless installation using IPP Everywhere.
If you have installed avahi, CUPS should be able to detect your printer automatically.
However, if it fails, you can always enter your printer settings manually. In CUPS web interface select `Internet Printing Protocol (ipp)` and enter the IPP URL of the printer. Then at the driver selection screen select`Generic > {current_make_and_model} - IPP Everywhere ™`.
For the G7000 series the IPP URL is `ipp://<printer_ip>` or `ipps://<printer_ip>`.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Dell |
## Dell
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| -------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1250C | [foo2zjs-nightly](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/foo2zjs-nightly/)AUR | The printer may also work with the [Xerox Phaser 6000B driver](#Phaser_6000B). |
| C1660NW | | |
| E515 | Install [Dell's driver](https://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER03040853M/1/Printer_E515dw_Driver_Dell_A00_LINUX.zip). | Both *e515dwcupswrapper-3.2.0-1.i386.deb* and *e515dwlpr-3.2.0-1.i386.deb* need to be installed. You could either write a [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD"), use [debtap](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/debtap/)AUR, or use [dpkg](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=dpkg) (using dpkg is not recommended as the files will not be managed by [pacman](../../en/Pacman.html "Pacman")). The driver works on both the x86\_64 and i386 platforms, but may require [multilib](../../en/Official_repositories.html#multilib "Multilib"). |
| E515dw | | |
| S1130n | [dell-unified-driver](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/dell-unified-driver/)AUR | Driver conflicts with [samsung-unified-driver-printer](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/samsung-unified-driver-printer/)AUR (as [dell-unified-driver](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/dell-unified-driver/)AUR appears to be based on the Samsung one, and they create several of the same files) |
| 1130 | | |
| 1133 | | |
| 1135n | | |
| 1815 | | |
| 2145cn | | |
| 2335dn | | |
| 2355dn | | |
| 5330 | | |
| B1160 | | |
| B1160w | | |
| B1165nfw | | |
| B1260dn | | |
| B1265dfw | | |
| B1265dnf | | |
| B2365dnf | | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Epson |
## Epson
[epson-inkjet-printer-escpr](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr/)AUR and [epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2/)AUR are sets of drivers using the Epson Inkjet Printer Driver (ESC/P-R) for Linux.
Drivers for multiple printer modules:
**Note:** To the editor:
* The drivers can be downloaded from Epson: [escpr](https://support.epson.net/linux/Printer/LSB_distribution_pages/en/escpr.php), [escpr2](https://support.epson.net/linux/Printer/LSB_distribution_pages/en/escpr2.php)
* Under "ARM ESC/P-R (2) Driver", look for "Or if you want to use the source package for arm CPU, please \_click here\_." Since the download links normally are the same, wget may be used:
```
# wget --trust-server-names "https://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/du/02/DriverDownloadInfo.do?LG2=JA&CN2=US&CTI=176&PRN=Linux%20src%20package&OSC=LX&DL" # escpr
# wget --trust-server-names "https://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/du/02/DriverDownloadInfo.do?LG2=JA&CN2=US&CTI=178&PRN=Linux%20src%20package&OSC=LX&DL" # escpr2
```
* To list all PPDs within the $TARGZ\_FILE (replace with actual tarball, e.g. epson-inkjet-printer-escpr-1.8.1-1.tar.gz or epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2-1.2.8-1.tar.gz), this shell command may be used:
```
# tar -ztf $TARGZ_FILE --wildcards '*.ppd' | sed -e 's/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr[0-9]*-.*\/ppd\///; s/-epson-escpr[0-9]*-en.ppd//; s/Epson-//; y/_/ /' | sort -V - | sed -e 's/\([0-9]\)\(\s\)\([0-9]\)/\1\/\3/g' | sed -e ':a' -e 'N' -e '$!ba' -e 's/\n/, /g'
```
* Do not use if you're unsure!
| Printers | Driver/filter | Notes |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Artisan 630, Artisan 700, Artisan 710, Artisan 720, Artisan 730, Artisan 800, Artisan 810, Artisan 830, Artisan 837, Artisan 1430, EC-C110 Series, EP-10VA Series, EP-30VA Series, EP-306 Series, EP-315 Series, EP-702A, EP-703A, EP-704A, EP-705A Series, EP-706A Series, EP-707A Series, EP-708A Series, EP-709A Series, EP-710A Series, EP-711A Series, EP-712A Series, EP-713A Series, EP-714A Series, EP-715A Series, EP-716A Series, EP-774A, EP-775A Series, EP-776A Series, EP-777A Series, EP-801A, EP-802A, EP-803A, EP-804A, EP-805A Series, EP-806A Series, EP-807A Series, EP-808A Series, EP-810A Series, EP-811A Series, EP-812A Series, EP-813A Series, EP-814A Series, EP-815A Series, EP-816A Series, EP-901A, EP-901F, EP-902A, EP-903A, EP-903F, EP-904A, EP-904F, EP-905A Series, EP-905F Series, EP-906F Series, EP-907F Series, EP-976A3 Series, EP-977A3 Series, EP-978A3 Series, EP-979A3 Series, EP-4004, EP-M552T Series, EP-M553T Series, EP-M570T Series, ET-1110 Series, ET-1810 Series, ET-2400 Series, ET-2500 Series, ET-2550 Series, ET-2600 Series, ET-2610 Series, ET-2650 Series, ET-2700 Series, ET-2710 Series, ET-2720 Series, ET-2750 Series, ET-2760 Series, ET-2800 Series, ET-2810 Series, ET-2820 Series, ET-2850 Series, ET-4500 Series, ET-4550 Series, ET-4700 Series, ET-4800 Series, ET-7700 Series, ET-7750 Series, ET-16500 Series, ET-M1100 Series, ET-M1120 Series, ET-M2120 Series, EW-052A Series, EW-M571T Series, EW-M660FT Series, EW-M770T Series, EW-M970A3T Series, EW-M5071FT Series, E-150, E-200, E-300, E-330, E-330S, E-340, E-350, E-360 Series, E-370 Series, E-500, E-520, E-530, E-600, E-700, E-720, E-800, E-810, E-820, E-830 Series, E-840 Series, E-850 Series, K200, K300, L364 Series, L375 Series, L385 Series, L386 Series, L395 Series, L396 Series, L405 Series, L455 Series, L475 Series, L485 Series, L486 Series, L495 Series, L565 Series, L575 Series, L605 Series, L655 Series, L805 Series, L810 Series, L850 Series, L1110 Series, L1455 Series, L3050 Series, L3060 Series, L3070 Series, L3100 Series, L3110 Series, L3150 Series, L3160 Series, L3250 Series, L3260 Series, L4150 Series, L4160 Series, L4260 Series, L5190 Series, L5290 Series, L7160 Series, L7180 Series, M200 Series, M205 Series, M1100 Series, M1120 Series, M2110 Series, M2120 Series, ME 200, ME OFFICE 510, ME OFFICE 520, ME OFFICE 530, ME OFFICE 560W, ME OFFICE 570, ME OFFICE 620F, ME OFFICE 650FN, ME OFFICE 700FW, ME OFFICE 900WD, ME OFFICE 940FW, ME OFFICE 960FWD, ME Office 600F, ME-301 Series, ME-303 Series, ME-400 Series, NX230 TX230, NX430 TX435, PF-70 Series, PF-71 Series, PF-81 Series, PM-400 Series, PM-A750, PM-A820, PM-A840, PM-A840S, PM-A890, PM-A920, PM-A940, PM-A950, PM-A970, PM-D600, PM-D800, PM-D870, PM-G850, PM-G4500, PM-T960, PM-T990, PX-5V, PX-7V, PX-046A Series, PX-047A Series, PX-048A Series, PX-049A Series, PX-205 Series, PX-404A, PX-405A Series, PX-434A, PX-435A Series, PX-436A Series, PX-437A Series, PX-501A, PX-502A, PX-503A, PX-504A, PX-505F Series, PX-535F Series, PX-601F, PX-602F, PX-603F, PX-605F Series, PX-673F, PX-675F Series, PX-1600F, PX-1700F, PX-5600, PX-A620, PX-A640, PX-A650, PX-A720, PX-A740, PX-B700, PX-B750F, PX-FA700, PX-G5300, PX-M160T Series, PX-M350F, PX-M650A, PX-M650F, PX-M740F, PX-M741F, PX-M840F, PX-M840FX, PX-M860F, PX-M5040F, PX-M5041F, PX-M7050FP, PX-M7050FX, PX-M7050 Series, PX-S05 Series, PX-S06 Series, PX-S155 Series, PX-S160T Series, PX-S170T Series, PX-S170UT Series, PX-S350, PX-S505 Series, PX-S740, PX-S840, PX-S840X, PX-S860, PX-S5040, PX-S7050PS, PX-S7050X, PX-S7050 Series, PictureMate 500, PictureMate Deluxe, PictureMate Express, PictureMate PM 200, PictureMate PM 210, PictureMate PM 215, PictureMate PM 225, PictureMate PM 235, PictureMate PM 240, PictureMate PM 245, PictureMate PM 250, PictureMate PM 260, PictureMate PM 270, PictureMate PM 280, PictureMate PM 290, PictureMate PM 300, PictureMate PM 310, ST-2000 Series, ST-C2100 Series, Stylus CX2800, Stylus CX2900, Stylus CX3700, Stylus CX3800, Stylus CX3900, Stylus CX4200, Stylus CX4800, Stylus CX4900, Stylus CX5000, Stylus CX5900, Stylus CX6000, Stylus CX7300, Stylus CX7400, Stylus CX7700, Stylus CX7800, Stylus CX8300, Stylus CX8400, Stylus CX9300F, Stylus CX9400Fax, Stylus DX3800, Stylus DX4000, Stylus DX4200, Stylus DX4800, Stylus DX5000, Stylus DX7400, Stylus DX8400, Stylus DX9400F, Stylus NX200, Stylus NX210, Stylus NX230, Stylus NX300, Stylus NX330, Stylus NX400, Stylus NX410, Stylus NX420, Stylus NX430, Stylus NX510, Stylus NX530, Stylus NX620, Stylus NX635, Stylus Office BX300F, Stylus Office BX305, Stylus Office BX305 Plus, Stylus Office BX310FN, Stylus Office BX320FW, Stylus Office BX525WD, Stylus Office BX535WD, Stylus Office BX600FW, Stylus Office BX610FW, Stylus Office BX620FWD, Stylus Office BX630FW, Stylus Office BX635FWD, Stylus Office BX925, Stylus Office BX935, Stylus Office TX300F, Stylus Office TX320F, Stylus Office TX510FN, Stylus Office TX515FN, Stylus Office TX525FW, Stylus Office TX600FW, Stylus Office TX610FW, Stylus Office TX620FWD, Stylus Photo 1400, Stylus Photo 1410, Stylus Photo 1430, Stylus Photo 1500, Stylus Photo PX650, Stylus Photo PX660, Stylus Photo PX700W, Stylus Photo PX710W, Stylus Photo PX720WD, Stylus Photo PX730, Stylus Photo PX800FW, Stylus Photo PX810FW, Stylus Photo PX820FWD, Stylus Photo PX830, Stylus Photo R240, Stylus Photo R250, Stylus Photo R260, Stylus Photo R265, Stylus Photo R270, Stylus Photo R340, Stylus Photo R350, Stylus Photo R360, Stylus Photo R380, Stylus Photo R390, Stylus Photo R1900, Stylus Photo R2000, Stylus Photo R2880, Stylus Photo R3000, Stylus Photo RX520, Stylus Photo RX530, Stylus Photo RX560, Stylus Photo RX580, Stylus Photo RX585, Stylus Photo RX590, Stylus Photo RX595, Stylus Photo RX610, Stylus Photo RX640, Stylus Photo RX650, Stylus Photo RX680, Stylus Photo RX685, Stylus Photo RX690, Stylus Photo TX650, Stylus Photo TX700W, Stylus Photo TX710W, Stylus Photo TX720WD, Stylus Photo TX730, Stylus Photo TX800FW, Stylus Photo TX810FW, Stylus SX200, Stylus SX210, Stylus SX218, Stylus SX230, Stylus SX235, Stylus SX400, Stylus SX410, Stylus SX420W, Stylus SX430, Stylus SX440, Stylus SX510W, Stylus SX525WD, Stylus SX535WD, Stylus SX600FW, Stylus SX610FW, Stylus SX620FW, Stylus TX200, Stylus TX210, Stylus TX220, Stylus TX230, Stylus TX235, Stylus TX400, Stylus TX410, Stylus TX420W, Stylus TX430, Stylus TX550W, Stylus TX560WD, TX220 NX220, TX320 WorkForce320, TX420 NX420, TX720 Artisan720, TX820 Artisan830, WF-100 Series, WF-110 Series, WF-2110 Series, WF-2510 Series, WF-2520 Series, WF-2530 Series, WF-2540 Series, WF-2630 Series, WF-2650 Series, WF-2660 Series, WF-2750 Series, WF-2760 Series, WF-2810 Series, WF-2820 Series, WF-2830 Series, WF-2840 Series, WF-2850 Series, WF-2870 Series, WF-2910 Series, WF-2930 Series, WF-2950 Series, WF-3010 Series, WF-3520 Series, WF-3530 Series, WF-3540 Series, WF-3620 Series, WF-3640 Series, WF-4630 Series, WF-4640 Series, WF-5110 Series, WF-5190 Series, WF-5620 Series, WF-5690 Series, WF-6090 Series, WF-6530 Series, WF-6590 Series, WF-7110 Series, WF-7510 Series, WF-7511 Series, WF-7515 Series, WF-7520 Series, WF-7521 Series, WF-7525 Series, WF-7610 Series, WF-7620 Series, WF-8010 Series, WF-8090 Series, WF-8510 Series, WF-8590 Series, WF-M1130 Series, WF-M1560 Series, WF-M5190 Series, WF-M5690 Series, WF-R4640 Series, WF-R5190 Series, WF-R5690 Series, WF-R8590 Series, WP-4010 Series, WP-4011 Series, WP-4015 Series, WP-4020 Series, WP-4022 Series, WP-4023 Series, WP-4025 Series, WP-4090 Series, WP-4091 Series, WP-4092 Series, WP-4095 Series, WP-4511 Series, WP-4515 Series, WP-4520 Series, WP-4521 Series, WP-4525 Series, WP-4530 Series, WP-4531 Series, WP-4532 Series, WP-4533 Series, WP-4535 Series, WP-4540 Series, WP-4545 Series, WP-4590 Series, WP-4592 Series, WP-4595 Series, WP-M4011 Series, WP-M4015 Series, WP-M4095 Series, WP-M4521 Series, WP-M4525 Series, WP-M4595 Series, WorkForce 310, WorkForce 320, WorkForce 435, WorkForce 500, WorkForce 520, WorkForce 545, WorkForce 600, WorkForce 610, WorkForce 620, WorkForce 630, WorkForce 645, WorkForce 840, WorkForce 845, XP-55 Series, XP-65 Series, XP-200 Series, XP-201/204/208 Series, XP-202/203/206 Series, XP-205/207 Series, XP-211/214/216 Series, XP-212/213 Series, XP-215/217 Series, XP-220 Series, XP-225 Series, XP-235 Series, XP-240 Series, XP-243/245/247 Series, XP-255/257 Series, XP-300 Series, XP-302/303/305/306 Series, XP-310 Series, XP-312/313/315 Series, XP-320 Series, XP-322/323/325 Series, XP-330 Series, XP-332/335 Series, XP-340 Series, XP-342/343/345 Series, XP-352/355 Series, XP-400 Series, XP-402/403/405/406 Series, XP-410 Series, XP-412/413/415 Series, XP-420 Series, XP-422/423/425 Series, XP-430 Series, XP-432/435 Series, XP-440 Series, XP-442/445 Series, XP-452/455 Series, XP-510 Series, XP-520 Series, XP-530 Series, XP-540 Series, XP-600 Series, XP-610 Series, XP-620 Series, XP-630 Series, XP-640 Series, XP-700 Series, XP-710 Series, XP-720 Series, XP-750 Series, XP-760 Series, XP-800 Series, XP-810 Series, XP-820 Series, XP-830 Series, XP-850 Series, XP-860 Series, XP-900 Series, XP-950 Series, XP-960 Series, XP-2100 Series, XP-2150 Series, XP-2200 Series, XP-3100 Series, XP-3150 Series, XP-3200 Series, XP-4100 Series, XP-4150 Series, XP-4200 Series, XP-7100 Series | [epson-inkjet-printer-escpr](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr/)AUR | version 1.8.1 |
| EC-4020 Series, EC-4030 Series, EC-4040 Series, EC-C7000 Series, EP-50V Series, EP-879A Series, EP-880A Series, EP-881A Series, EP-882A Series, EP-883A Series, EP-884A Series, EP-885A Series, EP-886A Series, EP-982A3 Series, ET-2830 Series, ET-2840 Series, ET-3700 Series, ET-3710 Series, ET-3750 Series, ET-3760 Series, ET-3800 Series, ET-3830 Series, ET-3840 Series, ET-3850 Series, ET-4750 Series, ET-4760 Series, ET-4810 Series, ET-4850 Series, ET-5150 Series, ET-5170 Series, ET-5180 Series, ET-5800 Series, ET-5850 Series, ET-5880 Series, ET-8500 Series, ET-8550 Series, ET-8700 Series, ET-14100 Series, ET-15000 Series, ET-16150 Series, ET-16600 Series, ET-16650 Series, ET-16680 Series, ET-18100 Series, ET-M1140 Series, ET-M1170 Series, ET-M1180 Series, ET-M2140 Series, ET-M2170 Series, ET-M3140 Series, ET-M3170 Series, ET-M3180 Series, ET-M16600 Series, ET-M16680 Series, EW-M530F Series, EW-M630T Series, EW-M634T Series, EW-M670FT Series, EW-M674FT Series, EW-M752T Series, EW-M754T Series, EW-M873T Series, EW-M973A3T Series, EW-M5610FT Series, L3550 Series, L3560 Series, L5590 Series, L6160 Series, L6170 Series, L6190 Series, L6260 Series, L6270 Series, L6290 Series, L6460 Series, L6490 Series, L6550 Series, L6570 Series, L6580 Series, L8050 Series, L8100 Series, L8160 Series, L8180 Series, L11050 Series, L11160 Series, L14150 Series, L15150 Series, L15160 Series, L15180 Series, L18050 Series, M1050 Series, M1140 Series, M1170 Series, M1180 Series, M2050 Series, M2140 Series, M2170 Series, M3140 Series, M3170 Series, M3180 Series, M15140 Series, M15180 Series, PM-520 Series, PX-M161T Series, PX-M270FT Series, PX-M270T Series, PX-M380F, PX-M381FL, PX-M382F, PX-M680F Series, PX-M730F Series, PX-M780F Series, PX-M781F Series, PX-M791FT Series, PX-M880FX, PX-M884F, PX-M885F, PX-M886FL, PX-M887F, PX-M5080F Series, PX-M5081F Series, PX-M6010F Series, PX-M6011F Series, PX-M6711FT Series, PX-M6712FT Series, PX-M7070FX, PX-M7080FX, PX-M7090FX, PX-M7110F, PX-M7110FP, PX-S161T Series, PX-S270T Series, PX-S380, PX-S381L, PX-S382, PX-S383L, PX-S730 Series, PX-S880X, PX-S884, PX-S885, PX-S887, PX-S5010 Series, PX-S5080 Series, PX-S6010 Series, PX-S6710T Series, PX-S7070X, PX-S7090X, PX-S7110, PX-S7110P, ST-3000 Series, ST-4000 Series, ST-C4100 Series, ST-C5000 Series, ST-C5500 Series, ST-C8000 Series, ST-C8090 Series, ST-M1000 Series, ST-M3000 Series, WF-2860 Series, WF-2880 Series, WF-2960 Series, WF-3720 Series, WF-3730 Series, WF-3820 Series, WF-4720 Series, WF-4730 Series, WF-4740 Series, WF-4820 Series, WF-4830 Series, WF-7210 Series, WF-7310 Series, WF-7710 Series, WF-7720 Series, WF-7820 Series, WF-7830 Series, WF-7840 Series, WF-C529RB, WF-C529RBAM, WF-C529R Series, WF-C579RB, WF-C579RBAM, WF-C579R Series, WF-C869R Series, WF-C878RB, WF-C878R Series, WF-C879RB, WF-C879RBAM, WF-C879R Series, WF-C4310 Series, WF-C4810 Series, WF-C5210 Series, WF-C5290BA, WF-C5290BAM, WF-C5290 Series, WF-C5310 Series, WF-C5390BAM, WF-C5390 Series, WF-C5710 Series, WF-C5790BA, WF-C5790BAM, WF-C5790 Series, WF-C5810 Series, WF-C5890BAM, WF-C5890 Series, WF-C8190B, WF-C8190 Series, WF-C8610 Series, WF-C8690B, WF-C8690 Series, WF-M4119 Series, WF-M4619 Series, WF-M5298 Series, WF-M5299BAM, WF-M5299 Series, WF-M5399BAM, WF-M5399 Series, WF-M5799BAM, WF-M5799 Series, WF-M5899BAM, WF-M5899 Series, XP-970 Series, XP-5100 Series, XP-5150 Series, XP-5200 Series, XP-6000 Series, XP-6100 Series, XP-8500 Series, XP-8600 Series, XP-8700 Series, XP-15000 Series | [epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2/)AUR | version 1.2.10 |
| Printers | Driver/filter | Notes |
Drivers and/or notes for specific Epson printer models:
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| AcuLaser C900 | | This printer uses Epson's driver, with a device URI of '**usb://EPSON/AL-C900'**, and may need the pipsplus service to be running. |
| LP-S5000 | | This printer requires a [custom driver from Avasys](#Avasys). |
| TX125 | [epson-inkjet-printer-n10-nx127](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-n10-nx127/)AUR | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
### Utilities
#### escputil
escputil is part of the [gutenprint](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gutenprint) package, and performs some utility functions on Epson printers such as nozzle cleaning.
#### mtink
This is a printer status monitor which enables to get the remaining ink quantity, to print test patterns, to reset printer and to clean nozzle. It use an intuitive graphical user interface.
#### Stylus-toolbox
This is a GUI using escputil and cups drivers. It supports nearly all USB printer of Epson and displays ink quantity, can clean and align print heads and print test patterns.
### Custom drivers
#### Avasys
**This article or section needs language, wiki syntax or style improvements. See [Help:Style](../../en/Help:Style.html "Help:Style") for reference.**
**Reason:** This section involves installing packages without [pacman](../../en/Pacman.html "Pacman"). These directions should ideally be automated with a [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD"). (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Printer-specific problems](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html))
"Source" code of the driver is available on the [avasys website](https://www.avasys.jp), in Japanese, however it includes a 32 bit binary which will cause problem on 64 bit system.
* [Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [psutils](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=psutils), [bc](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=bc), [libstdc++5](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/libstdc%2B%2B5/)AUR packages ([lib32-libstdc++5](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lib32-libstdc%2B%2B5/)AUR on 64bit).
* Download the source code of the driver.
* Compile and install the driver.
```
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
$ make
# make install
```
If you have any problems on a 64 system, some other lib32 libraries may be required. Please adjust this page if that is the case.
### Adding missing paper sizes
Some of the PPD files in [epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2/)AUR are missing paper size definitions for media that is supported by the printers and the filter. It is relatively straightforward to add the missing media types to the PPD files.
To begin, download the PKGBUILD for the [epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2/)AUR package, either with an AUR helper or from a snapshot tarball. Once in the directory with the PKGBUILD, download and extract the source of the package by running `makepkg --nobuild`.
Change directory to `src/epson-inkjet-printer-escpr2-$PKGVER`. Open the file `src/optBase.h` in a text editor for reference.
Identify the PPD used by your printer in the `ppd` directory. For example, a Workforce 7710 printer uses `Epson-WF-7710_Series-epson-escpr2-en.ppd`. Let us call it `your_ppd_filename`. Convert the relevant PPD to a PPD compiler source file using the `ppdi` utility from the [cups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups) package.
```
$ ppdi -o your_ppd_filename.drv ppd/your_ppd_filename.ppd
```
Open the newly-created `your_ppd_filename.drv` in a text editor. Identify the section of the file with a lot of lines starting with `CustomMedia`. Duplicate one such line to modify. For example:
```
CustomMedia "Legal/US Legal" 612.00 1008.00 8.40 8.40 8.40 8.40 "<</PageSize[612.00 1008.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice" "<</PageRegion[612.00 1008.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
```
The pair of numbers `612.00 1008.00` represents the width and height of the paper in inches, multiplied by 72. Replace all three instances of these numbers with the dimensions of the paper you want to add. For example to add 11"x17" paper, replace the numbers with `792.00 1224.00`.
The string `"Legal/US Legal"` identifies the paper. On the left side of the slash, `Legal` is a magic identifier that the filter uses to identify the paper size. Replace it with the one you want to use. Refer to the `mediaSizeData` array in `optBase.h` for a list of possible values. The string to the right of the slash can be set to any human-readable value.
If you want to enable borderless printing for a paper size, prefix the magic identifier string you just found with the letter T. So `Letter` would become `TLetter`. Additionally, change the four numbers `8.40 8.40 8.40 8.40` to `0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00`.
For example, I was able to add 11x17 paper to the PPD for a Workforce 7710 by adding the following lines:
```
CustomMedia "USB/US B(11x17 in)" 792.00 1224.00 8.40 8.40 8.40 8.40 "<</PageSize[792.00 1224.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice" "<</PageRegion[792.00 1224.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
CustomMedia "TUSB/US B(11x17 in) (Borderless)" 792.00 1224.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 "<</PageSize[792.00 1224.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice" "<</PageRegion[792.00 1224.00]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
```
Once you have added your custom size, recompile `your_ppd_filename.drv` into a PPD file with ppdc (also from [cups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups)):
```
$ ppdc your_ppd_filename.drv
```
This will create a ppd file in the `ppd` directory with a file name derived from the `PCFileName` parameter in `your_ppd_filename.drv`. You can test this file by uploading it to the CUPS web interface, or install it permanently by overwriting the original PPD file and making the package with `makepkg`.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | HP |
## HP
See also [CUPS/Troubleshooting#HP issues](../../en/CUPS/Troubleshooting.html#HP_issues "CUPS/Troubleshooting").
Most HP printers will use [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip), some may use [hpoj](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hpoj/)AUR, while for multifunction laser printers [hpuld](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hpuld/)AUR might be required. Some laser printers are also supported by [foo2zjs-nightly](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/foo2zjs-nightly/)AUR.
Notice that if `lpinfo -m` tells you that the driver "requires proprietary plugin", you need to install [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR.
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DeskJet 710C | [pnm2ppa](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pnm2ppa/)AUR | |
| DeskJet 712C | | |
| DeskJet 720C | | |
| DeskJet 722C | | |
| DeskJet 820se | | |
| DeskJet 820Cxi | | |
| DeskJet 1000Cse | | |
| DeskJet 1000Cxi | | |
| Envy 5640 series | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) | |
| Envy 6452 series | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) | Search using mDNS/Bonjour |
| Envy 7800 series | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) | Have not tried [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") yet |
| LaserJet P1606dn | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) + [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR | Or [foo2zjs-nightly](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/foo2zjs-nightly/)AUR, or [AirPrint](../../en/CUPS.html#AirPrint_and_IPP_Everywhere "CUPS"). |
| LaserJet Pro MFP M126nw | | |
| LaserJet Pro MFP M281fdw | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) | No proprietary drivers as of 2019-04-18 |
| Photosmart 2575 | | Or use the hpijs driver in [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic"). |
| LaserJet MFP M433 | [hpuld](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hpuld/)AUR | |
| LaserJet MFP M436 | | |
| LaserJet MFP M72625 72630 | | |
| Laser 10x Series | | |
| Laser MFP 13x Series | | |
| Color Laser 15x Series | | |
| Color Laser MFP 17x Series | | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
### HPLIP
**Note:**
* As of hplip v3.17.11, hpijs is no longer available. If you have printers using hpijs they will fail to print. You must modify them and select the new hpcups driver instead.
* Since at least with [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) v3.22.10, *hp-setup* crashes when it uses `hpfax://` to access a printer, with the message `Unable to communicate with the device. Please check the device and try again`. This is likely due to the missing [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR, but can be bypassed by disabling fax support on the printer itself.
[hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) provides drivers for HP DeskJet, OfficeJet, Photosmart, Business Inkjet, and some LaserJet printers, and also provides an easy to use setup tool. See <https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing/supported_devices/index> for the list of supported printers.
hplip requires [python-pyqt5](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=python-pyqt5) to run the GUI qt frontend. hp-setup requires [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") to be installed and `cups.service` to be started to save the printer. hp-setup also requires the lsusb software, which is provided by the [usbutils](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=usbutils) package.
To run the setup tool with the GUI qt frontend:
```
$ hp-setup -u
```
To run the setup tool with the command line frontend:
```
$ hp-setup -i
```
To set up directly the configuration of a network connected HP printer:
```
$ hp-setup -i ip_address
```
To run systray spool manager:
```
$ hp-systray
```
To generate a URI for a given ip address:
```
# hp-makeuri <ip address>
```
PPD files are in `/usr/share/ppd/HP/`.
If your printer is [listed as requiring a binary plugin](https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing/binary_plugin.html), install the [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR package from [AUR](../../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "AUR"). If the binary plugin [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR is a requirement you will need to [start](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") the `cups.service` before the PPD is recognized by [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip). If that does not work, reboot and log in with the printer *off*. Then switch it on and run a test print.
**Note:** [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) depends on [foomatic-db-engine](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db-engine) which prevents the drivers list from appearing when a printer is added to CUPS via the web user interface (`Unable to get list of printer drivers`). Possible workarounds:
* **Either:** Install [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) first, then retrieve the PPD file that matches your printer from `/usr/share/ppd/HP/`. Next, remove [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) entirely as well as any unnecessary dependencies. Finally, install the printer manually using the CUPS web UI, selecting the PPD file you retrieved, and then re-install [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip). After a reboot, you should have a fully working printer.
* **Or:** Remove [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip), [foomatic-db](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db) and [foomatic-db-engine](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db-engine) along with any unnecessary dependencies. Reinstall [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) and restart CUPS. Install your printer using the CUPS web UI, which should now be able to find the drivers automatically. No reboot needed.
### HPULD
See [Debian:CUPSPrintQueues#hpuld](https://wiki.debian.org/CUPSPrintQueues#hpuld "debian:CUPSPrintQueues") for more information.
The package [hpuld](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hpuld/)AUR collects the sparse "HP + ULD" packages into one single package.
### foo2zjs
[foo2zjs](https://web.archive.org/web/20210129024712/http://foo2zjs.rkkda.com/) supports some HP LaserJet printers. As of June 2018 the hplip package interferes with [foo2zjs-nightly](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/foo2zjs-nightly/)AUR, as described at [this forum post](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1662809) and [FS#58815](https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/58815).
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Kodak |
## Kodak
[c2esp](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/c2esp/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found] is free software. [Upstream notes](https://sourceforge.net/projects/cupsdriverkodak/) it is likely to work on all ESP and Hero printers/scanners.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Konica Minolta |
## Konica Minolta
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| Minolta Magicolor 1600W | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | |
| Minolta Magicolor 1680MF | | |
| Minolta Magicolor 1690MF | | |
| Minolta Magicolor 2480MF | | |
| Minolta Magicolor 2490MF | | |
| Minolta Magicolor 2530DL | | |
| Minolta Magicolor 4690MF | | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
### foo2zjs
[#foo2zjs](#foo2zjs), mentioned above for supporting some HP printers, also support some Minolta printers.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Lexmark |
## Lexmark
Note that most Lexmark printers are now supported by CUPS without needing further installation. See also [SANE/Scanner-specific problems#Lexmark](../../en/SANE/Scanner-specific_problems.html#Lexmark "SANE/Scanner-specific problems") for Lexmark scanners issues.
### Utilities
Lexmark provides a utility called *lexijtools* with the drivers.
### Custom drivers
**This article or section is out of date.**
**Reason:** This section was written before the i686 architecture stopped being supported. As such, it provides only an example with an i686 packages and needs to be updated by taking [32-bit package guidelines](../../en/32-bit_package_guidelines.html "32-bit package guidelines") into consideration. (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Printer-specific problems](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html))
Lexmark does provide Linux drivers for all their hardware. The following packages are required:
* [cups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups)
* [sane](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=sane)
* [ncurses](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=ncurses)
* [libusb](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=libusb)
* [libxext](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=libxext)
* [libxtst](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=libxtst)
* [libxi](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=libxi)
* [libstdc++5](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/libstdc%2B%2B5/)AUR
* [krb5](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=krb5)
* [lua](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lua) (for the automated installer)
* [Java](../../en/Java.html "Java") (for the automated installer, and some of the Lexmark tools)
The drivers will need to be [downloaded](http://support.lexmark.com/index?page=driversdownloads)\[[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "wikipedia:Wikipedia:Link rot") 2022-09-17 ⓘ] from Lexmark's website. Preferably, create a package (see [Creating packages](../../en/Creating_packages.html "Creating packages")) and install it. Here is a basic [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD") that still needs work but will give an idea of what is required.
```
PKGBUILD
```
```
# Contributor: Todd Partridge (Gen2ly) toddrpartridge (at) yahoo
pkgname=cups-lexmark-Z2300-2600
pkgver=1
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Lexmark Z2300 and 2600 Series printer driver for cups"
arch=('i686')
url="http://www.lexmark.com/"
license=('custom')
depends=('cups' 'glibc' 'ncurses' 'libusb' 'libxext' 'libxtst' 'libxi' 'libstdc++5' 'krb5' 'lua' 'java-runtime')
conflicts=('z600' 'cjlz35le-cups' 'cups-lexmark-700')
source=(lexmark-inkjet-08-driver-1.0-1.i386.tar.gz.sh)
md5sums=(3c37eb87e3dad4853bf29344f9695134)
package() {
# Extract installer
sh lexmark-inkjet-08-driver-1.0-1.i386.tar.gz.sh --target Installer-Files
cd Installer-Files
mkdir Driver
tar xvvf instarchive_all --lzma -C Driver/
cd Driver
tar xv lexmark-inkjet-08-driver-1.0-1.i386.tar.gz -C $pkgdir
}
```
Keep in mind you can use the automated installer but doing so will leave the resulting changes untracked. The PPD will be installed into `/usr/local/lexmark/lxk08/etc/` or similar, depending on the printer model.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Oki |
## Oki
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| ------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| C110 | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | |
| MC561 | [foomatic-db-nonfree](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "CUPS") | |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Ricoh |
## Ricoh
Install [openprinting-ppds-pxlmono-ricoh](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/openprinting-ppds-pxlmono-ricoh/)AUR if your device is black and white, or [openprinting-ppds-pxlcolor-ricoh](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/openprinting-ppds-pxlcolor-ricoh/)AUR if it is color. Note that Ricoh copiers are sometimes branded as Savin, Gestetner, Lanier, Rex-Rotary, Nashuatec, and/or IKON. So, if you have a device bearing one of these brands, it may be supported by these drivers as well.
* [List of supported black and white models](https://www.openprinting.org/driver/pxlmono-Ricoh)
* [List of supported color models](https://www.openprinting.org/driver/pxlcolor-Ricoh)
For cheap [GDI-only winprinters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Graphics_Device_Interface#GDI_printers "wikipedia:en:Graphics Device Interface"), which do not support PCL (Ricoh series SP100 and SP200) try out [ricoh-sp100-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ricoh-sp100-git/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found].
SG or GX series printers requiring [RPCS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Refined_Printing_Command_Stream "wikipedia:en:Refined Printing Command Stream") drivers may be suppported by [ricoh-rpcs-cups-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ricoh-rpcs-cups-bin/)AUR, which provides PPDs and needed filter programs found on the Japanese Ricoh website.
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| SP 112 | [ricoh-sp100-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ricoh-sp100-git/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found] | |
| SP 201n | | |
| IPSiO GX e3300 | [ricoh-rpcs-cups-bin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ricoh-rpcs-cups-bin/)AUR | As the Japanese products seem to be called IPSiO instead of Aficio, products not listed here could still work with specific printer models. |
| IPSiO GX e5500 | | |
| IPSiO SG 2010L | | |
| IPSiO SG 2100 | | |
| IPSiO SG 3100 | | |
| IPSiO SG 3100SF | | |
| IPSiO SG 7100 | | |
| SG 2200 | | |
| SG 2300 | | |
| SG 3100KE | | |
| SG 3120SF | | |
| SG 3120B SF | | |
| SG 3200 | | |
| SG 3300 | | |
| SG 5100 | | |
| SG 5100FT | | |
| SG 5200 | | |
| SG 5200FT | | |
| SG 7200 | | |
| 213W | *Generic PCL Laser* | Obtain a WPS code by holding down the wifi button for 2 seconds, then hitting the stop/start button. |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Samsung |
## Samsung
Since 2016, or 2017, Samsung is no longer in the printers/scanners business. As of 2019, HP partially support some of Samsung printers/scanners. Before 2016, Samsung was a major player. Which is why there are still many Samsung machines around. In addition, Linux, and cups, keep evolving. The bottom line of all this is that supporting Samsung products is at a flux.
A major site for information about Samsung printers/scanners is [Samsung Unified Linux Driver Repository](https://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/). Despite its name, it is not affiliated by Samsung (HP). Neither it is devoted only to [samsung-unified-driver](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/samsung-unified-driver/)AUR. Yet the actual drivers suggested are the closed source from Samsung (HP). `samsung-unified-driver`, on the other hand, also encompass Windows and Mac. It might be the first stop to get a driver for a Samsung printer and scanner as it, or was, claim to support practically every one of these. Note that `samsung-unified-driver` includes software that can stand on its own, not tied to cups. If you can not get the printer to work with cups, you might try this route.
That said, there are more options. An overview is at [alternatives](https://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/alternatives.html).
* Out of CJX-XXX series, at least CJX-1000, CJX-1050W, and CJX-2000FW are reported to work with [c2esp](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/c2esp/)AUR\[[broken link](../../en/Help:Procedures.html#Fix_broken_package_links "Help:Procedures"): package not found], even though `c2esp` is supposedly for Kodak products.
* For [Samsung Printer Language](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vj6tA), there is [splix](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=splix). For a list of models that are supported, see its [home page](http://splix.sourceforge.net/). Other SPL Samsung printers, even tough not in that list, might work with `splix`.
* QPDL (Quick Page Description Language) printers, some of which are supported by `splix`, are also supported by by `foo2qpdl`, provided by the [#foo2zjs](#foo2zjs) package. A list of known to work models is [here](https://web.archive.org/web/20210312142508/http://www.foo2qpdl.rkkda.com/).
All of `c2esp`, `splix` and `foo2zjs` are free software.
You should also note that many Samsung printers support PostScript. Chances are that it will work with CUPS generic postscript printer, especially if it is only black & white and only printer, without a scanner added to it. Generic driver may be missing functionality or limited, for example in their support for duplex, color control, and resolution settings, and print quality may be lower.
|
CUPS/Printer-specific problems | Xerox or FujiXerox |
## Xerox or FujiXerox
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
| --------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DocuPrint 203A | [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) | Using the **DocuPrint P8e(hpijs)** driver, or the Brother driver on FujiXerox's website (see [#Brother](#Brother) for more information on how to install custom Brother drivers). |
| Phaser 3020 | [xerox-phaser-3020](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/xerox-phaser-3020/)AUR | Also supports Phaser 3052, 3117, 3140, 3155, 3160, 3200MFP, 3250, 3260, 3300MFP, 3320, 3435, 3600, 6110MFP, WorkCentre 3025, 3210, 3215, 3220, 3225, 3315, 3325, 3550, 4118, PE120, PE220, FaxCentre 2218. |
| Phaser 3100MFP | Install Xerox's driver | See [#Phaser 3100MFP](#Phaser_3100MFP) for more instructions. |
| Phaser 6115MFP | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | |
| Phaser 6121MFP | [foomatic](../../en/CUPS.html#Foomatic "Foomatic") | |
| Xerox Workcentre 3119 | [splix](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=splix) | Since Samsung SCX-4200 is the rebranded Xerox 3119, splix package works for both |
| Printer | Driver/filter | Notes |
### Custom drivers
#### Phaser 3100MFP
**Warning:** This section involves installing packages without [pacman](../../en/Pacman.html "Pacman"). These directions should ideally be automated with a [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD").
Once you have downloaded the drivers, execute the driver installer and accept the licence:
```
# cd printer
# ./XeroxPhaser3100.install
```
Note that the driver is 32 bit, so some 32 bit libraries will be required on an x86\_64 system: [lib32-libpng12](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-libpng12), [lib32-zlib](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-zlib), [lib32-libjpeg6-turbo](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-libjpeg6-turbo), [lib32-libcups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-libcups), [lib32-libxext](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-libxext), [lib32-libx11](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-libx11), [lib32-gcc-libs](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=lib32-gcc-libs), [lib32-libstdc++5](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lib32-libstdc%2B%2B5/)AUR
For the scanner, create an `/etc/sane.d` directory if it does not already exist, because it is needed by the installer:
```
# mkdir -p /etc/sane.d
```
Now install the driver:
```
# cd scanner/
# ./XeroxPhaser3100sc.install
```
Again, on an x86\_64 install, 32 bit libraries will be needed.
#### Phaser 6000B
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [xerox-phaser-6010](https://github.com/aur-archive/xerox-phaser-6010) package (archived from the AUR). The driver may require older versions of [nettle](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=nettle) and [gnutls](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gnutls) to be installed, since the binary blob linked against older versions of the shared libraries provided by those packages. The oldest known-good versions are `nettle-2.7.1-1` and `gnutls-3.3.13-1`.
#### Phaser 6125N
**Warning:** This section involves installing packages without [pacman](../../en/Pacman.html "Pacman"). These directions should ideally be automated with a [PKGBUILD](../../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD").
FujiXerox does not support Linux on this model. An old rpm [is available](https://onlinesupport.fujixerox.com/tiles/common/hc_drivers_download.jsp?system=%27Linux%27\&shortdesc=null\&xcrealpath=http://www.fujixeroxprinters.com/downloads/uploaded/dpc525a_linux_.0.0.tar_81c2.zip)\[[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "wikipedia:Wikipedia:Link rot") 2022-09-17 ⓘ] but does not seem to work.
A slightly adapted [custom driver](https://rickvanderzwet.nl/trac/personal/wiki/XeroxPhaser6125N) has been found to work out of the box.
To install the tarball, run:
```
# tar -C / --keep-newer-files -xvzf cups-xerox-phaser-6125n-1.0.0.tar.gz
```
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|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Intro |
# CUPS/Printer sharing
\[ ] 2 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/CUPS/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89 "CUPS/プリンター共有 – 日本語")
* [Русский](../../ru/CUPS/Printer_sharing.html "CUPS (Русский)/Printer sharing – русский")
From ArchWiki
< [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
Related articles
* [Samba](../../en/Samba.html "Samba")
* [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
This article contains instruction on sharing printers from a GNU/Linux system.
| Protocol | Linux | Windows | macOS |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| [Discovery (DNS-SD/mDNS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-configuration_networking#DNS-based_service_discovery "wikipedia:Zero-configuration networking") | [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") with [Avahi](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi") | Native support since [Windows 10](https://www.ctrl.blog/entry/windows-mdns-dnssd.html) | Bonjour |
| [Internet Printing Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol "wikipedia:Internet Printing Protocol") | [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") | *Control Panel > Programs > Turn Windows features on or off > Print and Document Services > Internet Printing Client* | Native support |
| [SMB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block "wikipedia:Server Message Block") shared printer | [Samba](../../en/Samba.html "Samba") with [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") | Native support | Native support |
| [Line Printer Daemon protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Printer_Daemon_protocol "wikipedia:Line Printer Daemon protocol") | [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") | *Control Panel > Programs > Turn Windows features on or off > Print services >* *LPD Print Service* and *LPR Port Monitor* | Native support |
|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Creating class for multiple printers |
## Creating class for multiple printers
In CUPS, a class is a group of printers which appears to clients as a single printer. When a client selects to print to the class, CUPS selects any printer in the group to accept the print job. This may be especially useful when one printer from the class must be removed. If it is excluded from the class, end users will not notice any change because the print job will be queued to another printer in the class. Creating and managing classes can be done from CUPS Web GUI.
|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Printer sharing |
## Printer sharing
**This article or section needs expansion.**
**Reason:** List ports which need to be opened in the firewall.[\[1\]](https://www.cups.org/doc/firewalls.html) (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Printer sharing](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Printer_sharing.html))
### DNS-SD advertisement
To announce the printer to the network over DNS-SD/mDNS (Bonjour in Apple world), [Avahi](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi") must be installed and running on the server.
To enable it, either select *Share printers connected to this system* in the web interface, or manually set `Browsing Yes` in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf`:
```
/etc/cups/cupsd.conf
```
```
...
Browsing Yes
...
```
Afterwards [restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `cups.service`.
Note that "browsing" at the print server is a different thing from "browsing" at a remote networked host. On the print server, `cupsd` provides the DNS-SD protocol support which the `avahi-daemon` broadcasts. The `cups-browsed` service is unnecessary on the print server, unless also broadcasting the old CUPS protocol, or the print server is also "browsing" for other networked printers. On the remote networked host, the `cups-browsed` service is *required* to "browse" for network broadcasts of print services, and running `cups-browsed` will also automatically start `cupsd`.
The `cups.service` service will be automatically started when a USB printer is plugged in, however this may not be the case for other connection types. If `cups.service` is not running, `avahi-daemon` does not broadcast the print services, so in that case the systemd unit service file must be modified to start on boot, and then the service must again be "enabled/installed" with the new dependency. To do this, [edit](../../en/Systemd.html#Editing_provided_units "Edit") the service file `[Install]` section to add a `WantedBy=default.target` dependency, and then [enable](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Enable") and [start](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") the `cups.service` service.
### Sharing via Internet Printing Protocol
The server can be configured using either the web interface or by manually editing `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf`.
Open up the web interface to the server, select the *Administration* tab, look under the *Server* heading, and enable the "Share printers connected to this system" option. Save your change by clicking on the *Change Settings* button. The server will automatically restart.
On the server computer (the one directly connected to the printer), allow access to the server by modifying the location directive. For instance:
```
/etc/cups/cupsd.conf
```
```
<Location />
Order allow,deny
Allow localhost
Allow 192.168.0.*
</Location>
...
```
Also make sure the server is listening on the IP address the client will use:
```
/etc/cups/cupsd.conf
```
```
...
Listen <hostname>:631
...
```
There are more configuration possibilities, including automatic methods, which are described in detail in [Using Network Printers](https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html) and [cupsd.conf(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/cupsd.conf.5).
After making any modifications, [restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `cups.service`.
If CUPS is started using socket activation, create a [drop-in snippet](../../en/Systemd.html#Drop-in_files "Drop-in snippet") for `cups.socket` so that socket activation also works for remote connections:
```
/etc/systemd/system/cups.socket.d/override.conf
```
```
[Socket]
ListenStream=631
```
### Sharing via Samba
[Samba](../../en/Samba.html "Samba") is an implementation of the Windows file and printer sharing protocols, even the most vintage ones.
To configure Samba on the Linux server, edit `/etc/samba/smb.conf` file to allow access to printers. File `smb.conf` can look something like this:
```
/etc/samba/smb.conf
```
```
[global]
...
printing = CUPS
...
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = yes
# to allow user 'guest account' to print.
guest ok = no
writable = no
printable = yes
create mode = 0700
write list = root @adm @wheel yourusername
```
That should be enough to share the printer, yet adding an individual printer entry may be desirable:
```
/etc/samba/smb.conf
```
```
[ML1250]
comment = Samsung ML-1250 Laser Printer
printer = ml1250
path = /var/spool/samba
printing = cups
printable = yes
user client driver = yes
# to allow user 'guest account' to print.
guest ok = no
writable = no
write list = root @adm @wheel yourusername
valid users = root @adm @wheel yourusername
```
Please note that this assumes configuration was made so that users must have a valid account to access the printer. To have a public printer, set `guest ok` to `yes`, and remove the `valid users` line. To add accounts, set up a regular GNU/Linux account and then set up a Samba password on the server. See [Samba#User management](../../en/Samba.html#User_management "Samba").
After this, [restart](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `smb.service` and `nmb.service`.
See Samba's documentation [Setting up Samba as a Print Server](https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Setting_up_Samba_as_a_Print_Server) for more details.
### Sharing via Line Printer Daemon protocol
**Warning:** *cups-lpd* does not perform any access control based on the settings in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf`. Therefore, running *cups-lpd* on your server will allow any computer on your network (and perhaps the entire Internet) to print to your server.
[Enable](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Enable") and [start](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") `cups-lpd.socket`.
|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Remote administration |
## Remote administration
Once the server is set up as described in [#Printer sharing](#Printer_sharing), it can also be configured so that it can be remotely administered. Add the allowed hosts to the `<Location /admin>` block in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf`, using the same syntax as described in [#Sharing via Internet Printing Protocol](#Sharing_via_Internet_Printing_Protocol). Note that three levels of access can be granted:
```
<Location /> #access to the server
<Location /admin> #access to the admin pages
<Location /admin/conf> #access to configuration files
```
To give remote hosts access to one of these levels, add an `Allow` statement to that level's section. An `Allow` statement can take one or more of the forms listed below:
```
Allow from all
Allow from host.domain.com
Allow from *.domain.com
Allow from ip-address
Allow from ip-address/netmask
Allow from @LOCAL
```
Deny statements can also be used. For example, to give full access to all hosts on your local network interfaces, edit `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf` to include this:
```
# Restrict access to the server...
# By default only localhost connections are possible
<Location />
Order allow,deny
Allow from @LOCAL
</Location>
# Restrict access to the admin pages...
<Location /admin>
Order allow,deny
Allow from @LOCAL
</Location>
# Restrict access to configuration files...
<Location /admin/conf>
AuthType Basic
Require user @SYSTEM
Order allow,deny
Allow from @LOCAL
</Location>
```
You might also need to disable the HTTPS requirement, when using the default self-signed certificate generated by CUPS:
```
DefaultEncryption IfRequested
```
This should avoid the error: 426 - Upgrade Required when using the CUPS web interface from a remote machine.
### Kerberos
[Kerberos](../../en/Kerberos.html "Kerberos") can be used to authenticate users accessing a remote CUPS server. This assumes that your machine has a keytab and it will need a ticket for "HTTP". Instead of using `http://localhost:631` you must use `https://host.example.co.uk:631` - encryption is required for auth (hence https) and the full hostname is needed so that Kerberos/Negotiate can work. In addition, the server must be configured in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf` to use a `DefaultAuthType` of `Negotiate`.
If you are using [Samba](../../en/Samba.html "Samba")'s winbind NSS support, you can add an AD group name to `/etc/cups/cups-files.conf` - in the following example `sysadmin` might be an AD group:
```
/etc/cups/cups-files.conf
```
```
SystemGroup sys root sysadmin
```
|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Troubleshooting |
## Troubleshooting
See [CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/CUPS/Troubleshooting.html "CUPS/Troubleshooting") for general troubleshooting tips.
### Cannot print with GTK applications
If you get a *getting printer information failed* message when you try to print from GTK applications, add this line to your `/etc/hosts`:
```
/etc/hosts
```
```
serverip some.name.tld ServersHostname
```
### Permission errors on Windows
Some users fixed `NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED` (Windows clients) errors by using a slightly different syntax:
```
smb://workgroup/username:password@hostname/printer_name
```
### Local Printing is fine, but no printing via Network
Depending on the printer (Especially for unidirectional label-printers) one side must be configured with the `raw`-driver to be able to print
|
CUPS/Printer sharing | Other operating systems |
## Other operating systems
More information on interfacing CUPS with other printing systems can be found in the CUPS manual, e.g. on <http://localhost:631/help/network.html>.
[Category](../../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Printers](../../en/Category:Printers.html "Category:Printers")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Expansion](../../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Expansion.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Expansion")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=CUPS/Printer_sharing&oldid=790795>"
- This page was last edited on 23 October 2023, at 09:34.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
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|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | Intro |
# CUPS/Troubleshooting
\[ ] 2 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/CUPS/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0 "CUPS/トラブルシューティング – 日本語")
* [Русский](../../ru/CUPS/Troubleshooting.html "CUPS (Русский)/Troubleshooting – русский")
From ArchWiki
< [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
Related articles
* [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS")
* [CUPS/Printer-specific problems](../../en/CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html "CUPS/Printer-specific problems")
This article covers all non-specific (ie, not related to any one printer) troubleshooting of CUPS and printing drivers (but not problems related to printer sharing), including methods of determining the exact nature of the problem, and of solving the identified problem.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | Debug log |
## Debug log
The best way to get printing working is to set `LogLevel` in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf` to:
```
LogLevel debug
```
And then viewing the output from `/var/log/cups/error_log` like this:
```
# tail -n 100 -f /var/log/cups/error_log
```
The characters at the left of the output stand for:
* D=Debug
* E=Error
* I=Information
* And so on
These files may also prove useful:
* `/var/log/cups/page_log` - Echoes a new entry each time a print is successful
* `/var/log/cups/access_log` - Lists all cupsd http1.1 server activity
Print a document and watch `error_log` to get a more detailed and correct image of the printing process.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | Problems resulting from upgrades |
## Problems resulting from upgrades
*Issues that appeared after CUPS and related program packages underwent a version increment*
### CUPS stops working
The chances are that a new configuration file is needed for the new version to work properly. Messages such as "404 - page not found" may result from trying to manage CUPS via localhost:631, for example.
To use the new configuration, copy `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf.default` to `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf` (backup the old configuration if needed) and restart CUPS to employ the new settings.
### All jobs are "stopped"
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** This seems a rather brute-force way of fixing this; maybe the printer is simply disabled? (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting.html))
If all jobs sent to the printer become "stopped", first check the error log at `/var/log/cups/error_log`. If it does not yield any useful hints to what is the source of the issue, delete the printer and add it again. Using the [CUPS web interface](http://localhost:631), go to Printers > Delete Printer.
To check the printer's settings go to *Printers*, then *Modify Printer*. Copy down the information displayed, click 'Modify Printer' to proceed to the next page(s), and so on.
### All jobs are "The printer is not responding"
On networked printers, you should check that the hostname in the printer's URI resolves to the printer's IP address via DNS, e.g. if your printer's connection looks like this:
```
lpd://BRN_020554/BINARY_P1
```
then the hostname 'BRN\_020554' needs to resolve to the printer's IP from the server running CUPS. If [Avahi](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi") is being used, ensure that [Avahi's hostname resolution](../../en/Avahi.html#Hostname_resolution "Avahi") is working.
Alternatively, replace the hostname used in the URI with the printer's IP address.
### The PPD version is not compatible with gutenprint
Run:
```
# /usr/bin/cups-genppdupdate
```
And restart CUPS (as pointed out in gutenprint's post-install message).
### Issues Relating to Upgrade 2.3.3 -> 2.4.0
**This article or section is being considered for removal.**
**Reason:** This happened in [November 2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/cups/-/commit/6ec24baebe54d1e584272f5c579918a306718647). The new behavior should be already documented outside the troubleshooting page. (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting.html))
CUPS now officially supports AirPrint and Mopria clients (including Windows 10) by reporting required attributes and DNS-SD TXT record keys. It includes also limited support for huffy iOS clients. This obsoletes the need for Avahi service files for propagation of CUPS shared printers to mobile devices. The following list of new functions has been taken from CUPS release note:
* New `ReadyPaperSizes` directive that specifies the "loaded" (ready) media for each printer; the actual list is based on the supported media sizes for the printer, and allows the user to pick a size from a short list. Default list is based on locale (A4, etc. everywhere but North America which uses Letter, etc.)
* Proper URF/urf-supported values for image/urf.
* Other attributes/keys as needed.
As a side-effect of the new ready media propagation IOS clients may show wrong media types (e. g. US letter instead of DIN/ISO A4). The best way to get ISO media types is to set `DefaultPaperSize` in `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf` to:
```
DefaultPaperSize A4
```
for ISO. In addition, the [system-default paper size](../../en/CUPS.html#Default_paper_size "CUPS") should be configured correctly.
**Note:** CUPS provides IOS clients only with a set of main media sizes. This set is matched from a default set of media sizes {see `ReadyPaperSizes`) and sizes from the PPD or the `DefaultPaperSize` if none of the sizes match.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | Networking issues |
## Networking issues
### Unable to add printer or message "print in progress" but nothing happens
In GNOME Printer settings for example, you could find troubles adding your printer, even though you have installed the drivers. You can try installing [system-config-printer](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=system-config-printer) and executing it via terminal, and adding the printer from there (for instance using LPD/LPR queue 'PASSTHRU').
### Unable to locate printer
Even if CUPS can detect networked printers, you may still end up with an "Unable to locate printer" error when trying to print something. The solution to this problem is to enable Avahi's [.local hostname resolution](../../en/Avahi.html#Hostname_resolution "Avahi"). See [CUPS#Network](../../en/CUPS.html#Network "CUPS") for details.
This problem may also arise when you have a firewall. You may need to disable your firewall or set the right rules. Using *system-config-printer* to detect network printers will do that automatically.
Similarly, being connected to a VPN may also cause CUPS to be unable to locate the printer. Disabling any VPN connections temporarily for printing can help fixing it.
### Old CUPS server
As of CUPS version 1.6, the client defaults to IPP 2.0. If the server uses CUPS <= 1.5 / IPP <= 1.1, the client does not downgrade the protocol automatically and thus cannot communicate with the server. A workaround is to append the `version=1.1` option documented at [\[1\]](https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html#TABLE2) to the URI.
### Unable to locate PPD file
```
/var/log/cups/error_log
```
```
Cannot connect to remote printer ipp://HP079676.local
copy_model: empty PPD file
```
Make sure [Avahi](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi") is set up correctly. In particular, make sure [nss-mdns](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=nss-mdns) is installed and set up in `/etc/nsswitch.conf`.
### Finding URIs for Windows print servers
Sometimes Windows is a little less than forthcoming about exact device URIs (device locations). If having trouble specifying the correct device location in CUPS, run the following command to list all shares available to a certain windows username:
```
$ smbtree -U windowsusername
```
This will list every share available to a certain Windows username on the local area network subnet, as long as Samba is set up and running properly. It should return something like this:
```
WORKGROUP
\\REGULATOR-PC
\\REGULATOR-PC\Z
\\REGULATOR-PC\Public
\\REGULATOR-PC\print$ Printer Drivers
\\REGULATOR-PC\G
\\REGULATOR-PC\EPSON Stylus CX8400 Series EPSON Stylus CX8400 Series
```
What is needed here is first part of the last line, the resource matching the printer description. So to print to the EPSON Stylus printer, one would enter:
```
smb://username:password@REGULATOR-PC/EPSON%20Stylus%20CX8400%20Series
```
as the URI into CUPS.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | USB printers |
## USB printers
### Conflict with SANE
If you are also running [SANE](../../en/SANE.html "SANE"), it is possible that it is conflicting with CUPS. To fix this create a [Udev](../../en/Udev.html "Udev") rule marking the device as matched by libsane:
```
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-printer.rules
```
```
ATTRS{idVendor}=="vendor id", ATTRS{idProduct}=="product id", MODE="0664", GROUP="lp", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"
```
### Conflict with usblp
USB printers can be accessed using two methods: The usblp kernel module and libusb. The former is the classic way. It is simple: data is sent to the printer by writing it to a device file as a simple serial data stream. Reading the same device file allows bi-di access, at least for things like reading out ink levels, status, or printer capability information (PJL). It works very well for simple printers, but for multi-function devices (printer/scanner) it is not suitable and manufacturers like HP supply their own backends. Source: [here](https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/printing-architecture/2012/002412.html).
**Warning:** As of [cups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups) version 1.6.0, it should no longer be necessary to blacklist the `usblp` kernel module. If you find out this is the only way to fix a remaining issue please report this upstream to the CUPS bug tracker and maybe also get in contact with Till Kamppeter (Debian CUPS maintainer). See [upstream bug](https://github.com/apple/cups/issues/4128) for more info.
If you have problems getting your USB printer to work, you can try [blacklisting](../../en/Kernel_module.html#Blacklisting "Blacklisting") the `usblp` [kernel module](../../en/Kernel_module.html "Kernel module"):
```
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklistusblp.conf
```
```
blacklist usblp
```
Custom kernel users may need to manually load the `usbcore` [kernel module](../../en/Kernel_module.html "Kernel module") before proceeding.
Once the modules are installed, run:
```
# journalctl -f
```
Then plug in the printer and inspect the output to see if it was detected.
If you are using `usblp`, the output should indicate that the printer has been detected like so:
```
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: printer.c: usblp0: USB Bidirectional
printer dev 2 if 0 alt 0 proto 2 vid 0x04E8 pid 0x300E
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: usb.c: usblp driver claimed interface cfef3920
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: printer.c: v0.13: USB Printer Device Class driver
```
If you blacklisted `usblp`, you will see something like:
```
usb 3-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 3
usb 3-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
```
### USB autosuspend
The Linux kernel automatically suspends USB devices when there is driver support and the devices are not in use. This can save power, but some USB printers think that they are disconnected when the kernel suspends the USB port, preventing printing. This can be fixed by deactivating autosuspend for the specific device, see [Power management#USB autosuspend](../../en/Power_management.html#USB_autosuspend "Power management").
### Bad permissions
Check the permissions of the printer USB device. Get the bus and device number from `lsusb`:
```
$ lsusb
```
```
Bus <BUSID> Device <DEVID>: ID <VENDOR>:<PRINTERID> Hewlett-Packard DeskJet D1360
```
Check the ownership by looking in devfs:
```
# ls -l /dev/bus/usb/BUSID/DEVID
```
The cups daemon runs as user "cups" and belongs to group "lp", so either this user or group needs read & write access to the USB device. If you think the permissions look wrong, you can change the group and permission temporarily:
```
# chgrp lp /dev/bus/usb/BUSID/DEVID
# chmod 664 /dev/bus/usb/BUSID/DEVID
```
Then check if cups can now see the USB device correctly.
To make a persistent permission change that will be triggered automatically each time the USB device is attached, add the following line:
```
/etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules
```
```
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="VENDOR", ATTRS{idProduct}=="PRINTERID", GROUP:="lp", MODE:="0664"
```
After editing, reload the udev rules with this command:
```
# udevadm control --reload-rules
```
Each system may vary, so consult [udev#List the attributes of a device](../../en/Udev.html#List_the_attributes_of_a_device "Udev") wiki page.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | HP issues |
## HP issues
**This article or section is a candidate for merging with [CUPS/Printer-specific problems#HP](../../en/CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html#HP "CUPS/Printer-specific problems").**
**Notes:** There should not be two different places for these issues. (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting.html))
### CUPS: "/usr/lib/cups/backend/hp failed"
Try adding the printer as a Network Printer using the http\:// protocol.
**Note:** There might need to set permissions issues right.
### CUPS: Job is shown as complete but the printer does nothing
This happens on HP printers when you select the (old) hpijs driver (e.g. the Deskjet D1600 series). Use the hpcups driver instead.
Some HP printers require their firmware to be downloaded from the computer every time the printer is switched on. If there is an issue with udev (or equivalent) and the firmware download rule is never fired, you may experience this issue. As a workaround, you can manually download the firmware to the printer. Ensure the printer is plugged in and switched on, then run:
```
# hp-firmware -n
```
### CUPS: '"foomatic-rip" not available/stopped with status 3'
If receiving any of the following error messages in `/var/log/cups/error_log` while using a HP printer, with jobs appearing to be processed while they all end up not being completed with their status set to 'stopped':
```
Filter "foomatic-rip" for printer printer_name not available: No such file or director
```
or:
```
PID pid (/usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip) stopped with status 3!
```
make sure [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip) has been [installed](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install").
### CUPS: "Filter failed"
A "filter failed" error can be caused by any number of issues. The CUPS error log (by default `/var/log/cups/error_log`) should record which filter failed and why.
#### Missing ghostscript
Install [ghostscript](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=ghostscript) (`/usr/lib/cups/filter/gstoraster` needs it to run).
#### Missing foomatic-db
Install [foomatic-db](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db) and [foomatic-db-ppds](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=foomatic-db-ppds). This fixes it in some cases.
#### Avahi not enabled
[Start](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start"), and [enable](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Enable") the `avahi-daemon` service.
#### Out-of-date plugin
This error can also indicate that the plugin is out of date (version is mismatched) and may occur after a system upgrade, possibly showing up as a `Plugin error` message in the logs. If you have installed [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR you will need to update the package, otherwise re-run `hp-setup -i` to install the latest version of the plugin.
#### Outdated printer configuration
As of [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR v3.17.11, *hpijs* is no longer available. If you have printers using hpijs they will fail to print. You must modify them and select the new *hpcups* driver instead.
You can check if this is your case looking at cups error\_log:
```
$ grep hpijs /var/log/cups/error_log
```
```
...
D [09/Jan/2018:14:32:58 +0000] [Job 97] sh: hpijs: command not found
...
```
#### Client and host both run CUPS with hpcups
**Note:** The following issue has been described on FreeBSD forum. [Read more here](https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/filter-failed-cups-hp-psc-2350-series.60222/).
A bug seems to affect CUPS when a host shares a physically connected HP printer using hpcups drivers from [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip), and a client adds the shared printer in is own CUPS server through [IPP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Printing_Protocol "wikipedia:Internet Printing Protocol"), using hpcups driver too. On every attempt to print a page from the client, the jobs page from the client returns indefinitly *"Sending data to printer"* while the same page from the host returns *"Filter failed"*. It appears that the job runs through the CUPS filter twice: a first time on client-side, and a second time on host-side, which makes it fails on host-side. The same bug should not be observed when printing from a Windows client, or when printing directly on the host. There are some workarounds here (use only one method):
* Use **Generic IPP Everywhere Printer** driver on the client. When selecting the driver in the CUPS Web Interface, you should find it in the *Generic* manufacturer.
* Modify the **PPD used on the client side** so the job does not goes through the filter client-side. Find the right PPD in `/usr/share/ppd/HP` and copy it in your home directory. Edit the copy : replace the line `*cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-raster 0 hpcups"` with `*cupsFilter: "*/* 0 -"`. Now, add your printer on the client CUPS, selecting your custom PPD located in your home directory.
* Create a **raw queue** on the host: when you add the printer in the CUPS interface of the host, do not select the specific PPD of your printer, but choose *Raw queue* from *Raw* manufacturer. You should be able to add this shared printer on the client, using this time the specific PPD of the printer. With this method, the host is not able to print directly a document because it does not run the filter. However, if the host is a small headless embedded device such as a Raspberry Pi, you might notice an important decrease of the response time with this method compared to the two previous ones, especially with large documents, because it saves a lot a CPU usage.
### CUPS: prints only an empty and an error-message page on HP LaserJet
**This article or section is out of date.**
**Reason:** The bug was reported in 2012; is this still an issue? (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting.html))
There is a bug that causes CUPS to fail when printing images on HP LaserJet (in my case 3380). The bug has been reported and fixed by [Ubuntu](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cups-filters/+bug/998087). The first page is empty, the second page contains the following error message:
```
ERROR:
invalidaccess
OFFENDING COMMAND:
filter
STACK:
/SubFileDecode
endstream
...
```
In order to fix the issue, run the following command as root:
```
# lpadmin -p printer -o pdftops-renderer-default=pdftops
```
### CUPS: "File "/usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertospl" not available
After the printer is connected by other means to the network, setting up the HP 107w Laser printer is possible through the CUPS web interface; but this error prevents printing.
It seems that support for this printer is not provided by hplip. However, drivers can be installed using HP's install scripts and PPD file found at the HP [downloads](https://support.hp.com/us-en/drivers/selfservice/hp-laser-100-printer-series/24494339/model/24494342) page.
Extract the .zip and read this [gist](https://gist.github.com/taniwallach/f1f6c81ce19b7d68f74d4b71d1db57a2) for further details and instructions.
In case this problem appeared after a PPD package (like *foomatic-\**) update, check if there are new PPDs for the printer, and try to use the new ones.
As of January 2022, the new driver for Samsung M283x has PXL in the name and the PPD does not reference rastertospl, and the printer works again. Fetching the rastertospl via the above method did not work because the arguments are passed in the wrong order.
### HPLIP 3.13: Plugin is installed, but HP Device Manager complains it is not
The issue might have to do with the file permission change that had been made to `/var/lib/hp/hplip.state`. To correct the issue, a simple `chmod 644 /var/lib/hp/hplip.state` and `chmod 755 /var/lib/hp` should be sufficient. For further information, please read this [link](https://bugs.launchpad.net/hplip/+bug/1131596).
### hp-toolbox: "Unable to communicate with device"
```
# hp-toolbox
# error: Unable to communicate with device (code=12): hp:/usb/printer id
```
#### Virtual CDROM printers
This can also be caused by printers such as the P1102 that provide a virtual CD-ROM drive for MS Windows drivers. The `lp` appears in `/dev/` and then disappears. In that case, try the [usb\_modeswitch](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=usb_modeswitch) package, that lets one switch off the "Smart Drive" (udev rules included in said package).
#### Networked printers
This can also occur with network attached printers using dynamic hostnames if the [avahi-daemon](../../en/Avahi.html "Avahi") is not running. Another possibility is that *hp-setup* failed to locate the printer because the IP address of the printer changed due to DHCP. If this is the case, consider adding a DHCP reservation for the printer in the DHCP server's configuration.
### hp-setup asks to specify the PPD file for the discovered printer
Furthermore, when selecting a PPD file in hp-setup's graphical mode, the field does not update and no error message is shown.
Or, if in interactive (console) mode, you may encounter something similar to this even when providing a correct path to a valid ppd file:
```
Please enter the full filesystem path to the PPD file to use (q=quit) :/usr/share/ppd/HP/hp-deskjet_2050_j510_series.ppd.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/hp-setup", line 536, in <module>
desc = nickname_pat.search(nickname).group(1)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
```
The solution is to install and start [cups](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups) before running `hp-setup`.
### hp-setup: "Qt/PyQt 4 initialization failed"
[Install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [python-pyqt4](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/python-pyqt4/)AUR, which is an optdepend of [hplip](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=hplip). Alternatively, to run hp-setup with the command line interface, use the `-i` flag.
### hp-setup: finds the printer automatically but reports "Unable to communicate with device" when printing test page immediately afterwards
This at least happens to hplip 3.13.5-2 for HP Officejet 6500A through local network connection. To solve the problem, specify the IP address of the HP printer for hp-setup to locate the printer.
### hp-setup: "KeyError: 'family-class'"
If adding a printer fails silently in the UI or you receive a `KeyError: 'family-class'` traceback from `hp-setup`, the `/usr/share/hplip/data/models/models.dat` may need to be manually updated. Check if `family-class=Undefined` is defined the section for your printer, if not add it:
```
/usr/share/hplip/data/models/models.dat
```
```
[hp_laserjet_pro_mfp_m225dw]
...
family-class=Undefined
```
### Broken pipe
If `/var/log/cups/error_log` contains the `HTTP_STATE_WAITING Closing for error 32 (Broken pipe)` error, you probably need to install the [hplip-plugin](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/hplip-plugin/)AUR and restarts the cups service.
|
CUPS/Troubleshooting | Other |
## Other
### Printer "Paused" or "Stopped" with Status "Rendering completed"
#### Low ink
When low on ink, some printers will get stuck in "Rendering completed" status and, if it is a network printer, the printer may even become unreachable from CUPS' perspective despite being properly connected to the network. Replacing the low/depleted ink cartridge(s) in this setting will return the printer to "Ready" status and, if it is a network printer, will make the printer available to CUPS again.
**Note:** If you use third-party ink cartridges, the ink levels reported by the printer may be inaccurate. If you use third-party ink and your printer used to work fine but is now getting stuck on "Rendering completed" status, replace the ink cartridges regardless of the reported ink levels before trying other fixes.
### Printing fails with unauthorised error
If a remote printer requests authentication CUPS will automatically add an `AuthInfoRequired` directive to the printer in `/etc/cups/printers.conf`. However, some graphical applications (for instance, some versions of [LibreOffice](../../en/LibreOffice.html "LibreOffice") [\[2\]](https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53029)) have no way to prompt for credentials, so printing fails. To fix this include the required username and password in the URI. See [\[3\]](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cups/+bug/283811), [\[4\]](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=61826).
### Unknown supported format: application/postscript
Comment the lines:
```
application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -
```
from `/etc/cups/mime.convs`, and:
```
application/octet-stream
```
in `/etc/cups/mime.types`.
### Print-Job client-error-document-format-not-supported
Try installing the foomatic packages and use a foomatic driver.
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** Implying that the user has a wrong driver installed does not make sense (is not relevant to this section). (Discuss in [Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting](../../en/Talk:CUPS/Troubleshooting.html))
If that does not fix, you maybe have to remove the printer from your printer list, then manually search for your printer driver (usually you can find it on AUR), and then add the printer again.
### Unable to get list of printer drivers
(Also applicable to error "-1 not supported!")
Try to remove Foomatic drivers or refer to [CUPS/Printer-specific problems#HPLIP](../../en/CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html#HPLIP "CUPS/Printer-specific problems") for a workaround.
### lp: Error - Scheduler Not Responding
If you get this error, ensure [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") is running, the environmental variable `CUPS_SERVER` is unset, and that `/etc/cups/client.conf` is correct.
### "Using invalid Host" error message
Try adding `ServerAlias *` into `/etc/cups/cupsd.conf`.
### Cannot print from LibreOffice
If you can print a test page from the [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS") web interface, but not from [LibreOffice](../../en/LibreOffice.html "LibreOffice"), try to [install](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [a2ps](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=a2ps) package.
### Printer output shifted
This seems to be caused by the wrong page size being set in [CUPS](../../en/CUPS.html "CUPS").
### Printer becomes stuck after a problem
When an issue arises during printing, the printer in CUPS may become unresponsive. `lpq` reports that the printer `is not ready`, and it can be reactivated using `cupsenable`. In the CUPS web interface, the printer is shown as *Paused*, and can be reactivated by *resuming* the printer.
To automatically have CUPS reactivate the printer, change [ErrorPolicy](https://www.cups.org/doc/man-cupsd.conf.html?TOPIC=Man+Pages#ErrorPolicy) from the default `stop-printer` to `retry-current-job`.
### Samsung: URF ERROR - Incomplete Session by time out
This error is usually encountered when printing files over the network through IPP to a Samsung printer, and is solved by using the [samsung-unified-driver](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/samsung-unified-driver/)AUR package.
**Note:** The corresponding error code 11-1112 corresponds to an internal wiring problem with the printer, so contacting Samsung's tech support is futile.
### Brother: Printer prints multiple copies
Sometimes the printer will print multiple copies of a document (for instance a MFC-9330CDW printed 10 copies). The solution is to [update the printer firmware](../../en/CUPS/Printer-specific_problems.html#Updating_the_firmware "CUPS/Printer-specific problems").
### Regular user cannot change properties of the printer or remove certain jobs
If a regular user needs to be able to change the printers properties or manage the printer queue, the user may need to be added to the `sys` group.
### Cannot login into web interface
Check if there is more than one `cupsd` process running. If this is the case then [stop](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Stop") `cups.service`, kill all processes named `cupsd` and [start](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") `cups.service` again.
### Virtual PDF printer stops jobs
If the virtual PDF printer (driver: `Generic CUPS-PDF Printer (w/ options)`) keeps stopping print jobs and the error log shows `Unable to auto-configure PostScript Printer - no bidirectional I/O available!`, re[installing](../../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [cups-filters](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=cups-filters) may help.
### No Suitable Destination Found
If a printer prefers ipps (ipp-secure), Cups will store the printer's certificate in /etc/cups/printers/ssl. However, these certificates are never removed, even if invalid. There are several ways for a certificate to become invalid, apart from expiring: for example, if you switch from standard, self signed, printer certificates to official SSL-certificates; if your printer software is upgraded and it generates a new certificate; or if a printer is simply changed for a new one with the old name. In any of these situations, Cups will not renew the cached certificate, but will only complain with a rather generic message "no suitable destination found".
This is, unfortunately, \*not\* fixed by removing and re-installing the printer: even then, the invalid certificates are kept on the file system. The only way to fix this is to manually remove the certificates. (Note: the exact way of doing this, i.e. if it is enough to just wipe /etc/cups/printers/ssl or if you need to stop cups and/or remove the affected printer first, is lost in history - please feel free to add this information).
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