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CBSE

Class9

Social_Science

viii Let us read the newspaper is both an exercise and an activity. You can use it to ensure that the students can apply what they have learnt to a different context. You can also use it to encourage the habit of newspaper reading. Where most students have access to news channels on television, you may supplement or modify the projects suggested here to include watching of news and current affair programmes. Here again, if you think a different project will suit your students’ context and resources, you must be right. Please go ahead. ACCESSING ONLINE INFORMATION We are living in an era of information and communication revolution. Printed books, textbooks and the mass media such as newspapers and periodicals have ceased to be the only sources of information. Now millions of websites (World Wide Web) provide easy and instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. The World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralisation of information. Since many schools do not possess the latest encyclopaedias and traditional libraries, students and teachers may rely on the Internet to access the needed information. While using this textbook, the teachers and students may sometimes feel that information provided in the book is, ‘insufficient’ for learning or classroom teaching. You may want to know more about certain ideas, concepts and events in different countries. We would suggest some of the ways you can use the Internet for this purpose. You may find some information in free encyclopaedias like www.en.wikipedia.org or www.britannica.com Search engines like Google and Yahoo can provide links to websites that are specifically dedicated to different topics that you may be interested in. Similarly, several important newspapers and magazines are available online. Some of them allow you to access their archives without payments and registrations. Similarly a few TV channels also allow you to access information without registrations and payments. Some other websites would be useful to know more about the various institutions discussed in the text. You could find the links to all the Indian government institutional websites from www.india.gov.in. Specifically http://india.gov.in/directories_gov.php will provide you the direct link to various institutions. Similarly various international organisations such as United Nations, International Monetary Fund (IMF),World Bank, human rights organisations such as National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) too have their own websites. Apar t from Indian constitution you will also find constitutions of many countries also being available online. You can also look at parliaments around the world by following the link from Inter Parliamentary Union www.ipu.org/english/home.htm Further you may want to use more images, pictures, or cartoons for discussions. You will find them in newspapers that are available online. Apart from it, you could also look at www.politicalcar toons.com for this purpose. Similarly, through searching “images” category of Google you could locate them. You may find it useful to visit the websites like www.plato.standford.edu, www.opendemocracy.net, www.brainyencyclopeid.com especially when you wish to get more clarity on certain theoretical aspects or to learn more about politics.

iess4ps.pdf

CBSE

Class9

Social_Science

ix REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK How did you like this textbook? What was your experience in reading or using this? What were the difficulties you faced? What changes would you like to see in the next version of this book? Write to us on all these and any other matter related to this textbook. You could be a teacher, a parent, a student or just a general reader. We value any and every feedback. Please write to: Coordinator (Political Science) Depar tment of Education in Social Sciences (DESS) NCERT Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110016.REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK How did you like this textbook? What was your experience in reading or using this? What were the difficulties you faced? What changes would you like to see in the next version of this book? Write to us on all these and any other matter related to this textbook. You could be a teacher, a parent, a student or just a general reader. We value any and every feedback. Please write to: Coordinator (Political Science) Depar tment of Education in Social Sciences (DESS) NCERT Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110016.TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON, ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR TEXTBOOKS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL Hari Vasudevan, Professor, Department of History, University of Calcutta, Kolkata. CHIEF ADVISORS Yogendra Yadav, Senior Fellow, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi Suhas Palshikar, Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Pune, Maharashtra ADVISOR K.C. Suri, Professor, Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh MEMBERS Alex M. George, Independent Researcher, Eruvatty, District Kannur, Kerala Amman Madan, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Malini Ghose, Nirantar, Centre for Gender and Education, New Delhi Manish Jain, PGT, currently doctoral student, Department of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi Muzaffar Assadi, Professor, Department of Political Science, Mysore University, Manasgangothri, Karnataka Niraja Gopal Jayal, Professor, Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Pankaj Pushkar, Lecturer, Directorate of Higher Education, Government of Uttaranchal, Dehradun Sabyasachi Basu Roychowdhary, Professor, Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata MEMBER-COORDINATOR Sanjay Dubey, Reader, DESSH, NCERT, New DelhiCHAIRPERSON, ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR TEXTBOOKS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL Hari Vasudevan, Professor, Department of History, University of Calcutta, Kolkata.CHIEF ADVISORS Yogendra Yadav, Senior Fellow, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi Suhas Palshikar, Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Pune, MaharashtraADVISOR K.C. Suri, Professor, Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra PradeshMEMBERS Alex M. George, Independent Researcher, Eruvatty, District Kannur, Kerala Amman Madan, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Malini Ghose, Nirantar, Centre for Gender and Education, New Delhi Manish Jain, PGT, currently doctoral student, Department of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi Muzaffar Assadi, Professor, Department of Political Science, Mysore University, Manasgangothri, Karnataka Niraja Gopal Jayal, Professor, Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Pankaj Pushkar, Lecturer, Directorate of Higher Education, Government of Uttaranchal, Dehradun Sabyasachi Basu Roychowdhary, Professor, Rabindra Bharati University, KolkataMEMBER-COORDINATOR Sanjay Dubey, Reader, DESSH, NCERT, New Delhi

iess4ps.pdf