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7193921#0 | 北宋八大家是谁? | [
{
"docid": "8090#0",
"text": "唐宋八大家,又稱唐宋古文八大家,是中國唐代韓愈、柳宗元和宋代欧阳修、蘇洵、蘇軾、蘇轍、曾鞏、王安石八位散文家的合稱。 明初朱右选韩、柳等文人为《八先生文集》,遂起用八家之名,实始于此。明中叶唐顺之所纂《文编》中,唐宋文也仅取八家。明末茅坤承二人之说,选辑了《唐宋八大家文钞》共164卷,此书在旧时流传甚广,「唐宋八大家」之名也随之流行。自明人标举唐宋八家后,治古文者皆以八家为宗。通行《唐宋八大家文钞》164卷,有明万历刻本及清代书坊刻本。清代魏源有《纂评唐宋八大家文读本》8卷。",
"title": "唐宋八大家"
},
{
"docid": "21871#104",
"text": "唐古文作家與宋的代表作家加起來並成為“唐宋八大家”,這是源自清沈德潛把八人的作品合編成《唐宋八家文讀本》30卷而來的。唐宋八大家的宋代作家有歐陽修,蘇洵,蘇軾,蘇轍,曾鞏及王安石六人,當中蘇軾,蘇轍及曾鞏三人是在歐陽修擔任知貢舉的嘉佑3年禮部試的及第者。蘇氏父子合稱“三蘇”,大家均得到歐陽修的知遇之恩而晉身官場。即使主張變法而知名的王安石,其後雖與歐陽修在政見上對立,但他的文才是歐陽修最早發現的。六人橫跨兩個世代,從北宋中期到後期,差不多是同時代活躍的作家,中國近世的主流文體也是在這時候奠定,成熟的。六人雖可以說同是歐陽修一門,但各自的文章中在個性上有少許不同,總結而言,是藉著學習韓愈古文的歐陽修的文體的代表。",
"title": "中国文学"
},
{
"docid": "330207#4",
"text": "其所評選的《唐宋八大家文鈔》,選輯唐代韓愈、柳宗元,宋代歐陽修、蘇洵、蘇軾、蘇轍、曾鞏、王安石等八家文章共164卷,目的在於宣揚此八人文章中得「六經」之精髓者,「唐宋八大家」的名稱即由此流行開來。",
"title": "茅坤"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "21739#0",
"text": "苏洵(),字明允。北宋文学家,四川眉山人,唐宋八大家之一。他是蘇軾和蘇辙的父亲,父子三人被称为“三苏”,均名列“唐宋八大家”,有《嘉祐集》傳世。曾任校书郎、主簿等微官,追贈為光祿寺丞,贈太子太師。",
"title": "苏洵"
},
{
"docid": "171492#0",
"text": "宋四家是中国北宋时期四位成就最高的书法家的合称,分別是苏轼、黄庭坚、米芾和蔡襄。这四个人大致可以代表宋代的书法风格,而且成就最高,故称“宋四家”。",
"title": "宋四家"
},
{
"docid": "8090#1",
"text": "八大家中苏家父子兄弟有三人,人称“三苏”,分別為苏洵、苏轼、苏辙,又有“一门三学士”之譽。故可用「唐有韓柳,宋為歐陽、三蘇和曾王」概括。",
"title": "唐宋八大家"
},
{
"docid": "16067#66",
"text": "文章上,与韩、柳、三苏、欧阳、曾等并称为唐宋八大家。王安石的文偏重于说理,而且言简意赅,能够直指要点。例如,王安石的《读孟尝君》仅仅只有八十八个字,却能独辟蹊径,自有主张。",
"title": "王安石"
},
{
"docid": "6173611#1",
"text": "王安石(1021年—1086年5月21日),北宋临川人,字王介甫,晚号半山,封荆国公。北宋著名政治家,思想家,改革家,文学家,诗人,同时也是唐宋八大家之一。",
"title": "临川集"
},
{
"docid": "7290108#0",
"text": "中国三、四十年代武侠小说创作最高成就的\"北派五大家\"以新思想、新观念和新文学技巧来界定新旧武侠、(又称\"新派\"),即为李寿民 (还珠楼主)、宫白羽(白羽)、王度庐、郑证因、朱贞木、五位作家。由于他们当时生活全在北方,大多以天津为创作中心,因此得名。",
"title": "北派五大家"
},
{
"docid": "38276#0",
"text": "蘇(),字子由,一字同叔,晚年自號濱遺老,眉州眉山(今四川眉山市)人。宋孝宗淳熙年間,追諡文定。蘇洵之子、蘇軾之弟,北宋嘉祐二年(1057年)與其兄蘇軾同登進士。蘇家父子三人,均在“唐宋八大家”之列,人稱“三蘇”,苏辙則是“小蘇”。作品有《欒城集》傳世,包括《後集》、《三集》,共84卷。",
"title": "苏辙"
}
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1677980#0 | 北京有哪些公园? | [
{
"docid": "5518238#2",
"text": "万丰公园是北京城市核心区规划的大型公园之一。在北京四环路内城市核心区30多个城市公园中,规划总面积78公顷(约1200亩)的万丰公园面积位列第四,仅次于朝阳公园、天坛公园、玉渊潭公园。公园一期建成面积44公顷,分为六个景区:观景台(公园主广场)、儿童游乐区、青少年拓展区、麒麟湖区、体育休闲区、林间漫步区。全园植被覆盖率超过80%。2010年代初,万丰公园一期建成面积44公顷中,部分面积被蚕食,陆续建成北京新里程国际医学中心、私人会所等。2014年经媒体爆光后,私人会所被改为小井村文化活动中心,对村民开放。",
"title": "万丰公园"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1569493#6",
"text": "天津市自2008年开始,逐步对每一个城市公园和广场进行提升改造。天津市区的公园有天津水上公园、天津动物园、南翠屏公园、中山公园、北宁公园、海河音乐公园、中心公园、人民公园、金钢公园等,其中北宁公园前身是光绪三十二年(1906年)由清末民初的实业家周学熙修建的种植园,后取“非宁静无以致远”之意,更名为“宁园”。滨海新区的公园有海河外滩公园、泰丰公园、紫云公园等,海河外滩公园中的碧帆海影的雕塑已经成为滨海新区的地标性建筑,并可在此城游船游览海河下游。这些公园在经过提升改造之后,均已取消门票,免费向市民和游客开放。",
"title": "天津旅游"
},
{
"docid": "434713#9",
"text": "朝阳公园是国家AAAA级旅游景区、北京市重点公园与精品公园,为北京四环路以内最大的城市公园。(在奥林匹克森林公园建成之前,曾经為北京市內最大的城市公園。)朝阳公园北到亮马桥路,西到朝阳公园路,东到东四环路,南到朝阳公园南路,规划总面积288.7公顷(其中水面面积为68.2公顷),绿化覆盖率87%。",
"title": "朝阳公园 (北京)"
},
{
"docid": "1276498#0",
"text": "北京游乐园,位于北京市东城区左安门内大街19号(原属崇文区,2010年崇文区与东城区合并成立新的东城区),是一座大型游乐园,2010年关闭,2021年9月24日以龙潭中湖公园之名重新开放,成为一座免费公园。",
"title": "北京游乐园"
},
{
"docid": "55799#0",
"text": "北京动物园位于北京市西城区西直门外大街137号,原来名为农事实验场、天然博物院、万牲园、西郊公园,是中国开放最早、动物种类最多的动物园,从清光绪三十二年(1906年)正式建园至今已有逾百年的历史。北京动物园曾经繁殖和饲养了众多珍贵的野生动物,例如大熊猫、朱鹮、金丝猴等。现在共饲养各类野生动物490余种,近5000头只。该园现隶属于北京市公园管理中心。",
"title": "北京动物园"
},
{
"docid": "5912587#0",
"text": "北京长城国家公园是一个位于中国北京市延庆区的国家公园,范围包括八达岭国家级风景名胜区和十三陵国家级风景名胜区的延庆部分。该国家公园旨在有效保护当地的人文资源。",
"title": "北京长城国家公园"
},
{
"docid": "204694#0",
"text": "北京世界公园位于中華人民共和國北京市丰台区花乡大葆台,是一座以世界各地名胜古迹的微缩景观为特色的公园,被列为北京十大精品公园之一,也是中国国家4A级旅游景区之一。",
"title": "北京世界公园"
},
{
"docid": "4677830#3",
"text": "万寿公园占地面积5万平方米,是北京市首座老年性公园,设有沁芳园、绿竹苑、老年门球场、露天舞池、京韵风俗、假山瀑布、疏林大草坪等八个景区。2004年,宣武区人民政府投资对该公园全面改建,建成了较完善的应急避险指挥系统,成为中华人民共和国首家较为完善的防灾避险公园。该公园还是中华人民共和国首家节能型公园。",
"title": "万寿公园"
},
{
"docid": "3411506#2",
"text": "北京国际雕塑公园是北京市精品公园、北京市一级公园。该公园由刘秀晨设计。2002年,北京国际雕塑公园荣获北京市园林设计一等奖。北京国际雕塑公园的总面积大约为40公顷,分为东区、西区。东区为城市广场区,西区为自然山水区,两个区中间有地下艺术长廊连接。公园内有来自40多个国家和地区的200多件雕塑、浮雕、壁画作品。除了展示雕塑艺术外,该公园还具有休闲娱乐及旅游等功能。比如2004年曾在该公园举办迷笛音乐节。",
"title": "北京国际雕塑公园"
},
{
"docid": "204694#1",
"text": "北京世界公园1992年4月5日奠基,经过一年多的施工,于1993年10月25日开放,共占地46.7公顷。公园按照世界五大洲划分景区,包括了一百余处世界名胜古迹的微缩景观(大多数按1:10比例仿造),此外还有如“童话世界”、“生肖园”等主题景点,并不定期举行各种世界各国民俗风情表演。",
"title": "北京世界公园"
}
] | [
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5415484#0 | 南美洲有哪些国家? | [
{
"docid": "528821#0",
"text": "南美洲国家联盟(;;;)是根据《库斯科宣言》于2004年12月8日成立的主权国家联盟。联盟原名南美洲国家共同体,2007年4月16日改为现名。目前成員國只剩下玻利維亞、蘇利南、圭亞那和委內瑞拉。",
"title": "南美洲国家联盟"
},
{
"docid": "1305663#6",
"text": "南美最大的贸易体是南方共同市场,成员有阿根廷、巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉。玻利维亚、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和智利是其伙伴国。其次,还有安第斯国家共同体,成员国包括玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、委内瑞拉以及2006年加入的智利。南美洲国家联盟预计将会合并这两个贸易体。南美洲平原面积广阔,自北向南有奥利诺斯平原、亚马孙平原与拉普拉塔平原,是农业发展的主要区域。由于南美洲人口密度较低,除智利外,南美洲大部分耕地都处于闲置的状态,利用度很低。种植业以经济作物占绝对优势,为咖啡、香蕉、甘蔗的世界主产地,大豆、麦、稻、玉米、可可、柑橘、牛肉等也占世界产量的大部分。然而,南美的粮食作物生产不足自给,大多数国家需进口粮食。",
"title": "南美洲经济"
},
{
"docid": "528821#1",
"text": "2018年4月,阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、巴拉圭和秘鲁暂停了南美洲国家联盟成员身份。同年8月,哥伦比亚宣布退出该组织。2019年3月,巴西宣布将退出该组织。同月13日,厄瓜多尔宣布将退出该组织,该国总统利寧·莫雷諾同时要求南美洲国家联盟退还其位于基多的总部大楼。",
"title": "南美洲国家联盟"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3639#28",
"text": "以下列出南美洲所有的国家和地区:",
"title": "南美洲"
},
{
"docid": "528821#7",
"text": "目前南美洲国家联盟共有4个成员国:",
"title": "南美洲国家联盟"
},
{
"docid": "1001763#18",
"text": "南美洲国家联盟是由12個南美洲的所有国家組成(不包括加勒比海及中美洲國家),目前僅剩4個會員國。",
"title": "世界政府"
},
{
"docid": "1088661#0",
"text": "这是一个南美洲国家列表,包括主权国家及属地。",
"title": "南美洲国家和地区列表"
},
{
"docid": "3639#27",
"text": "南美洲共有12个国家和4个尚未独立的海外领地。这些海外领地分别属于英国(2个)、法国(1个)和挪威(1个),其中隶属英国的南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛和隶属挪威的布韦岛为无常住居民的荒岛。",
"title": "南美洲"
},
{
"docid": "1088661#1",
"text": "南美洲位于南太平洋和大西洋之间,北面是北美洲和加勒比海。南美洲面积约1784.000万平方公里,面积占地球表面的3.5%左右。",
"title": "南美洲国家和地区列表"
},
{
"docid": "4359#9",
"text": "美洲共有35个国家,其中23个位于北美洲(2个位于北美地区,8个位于中美洲,13个位于加勒比地区),12个位于南美洲。",
"title": "美洲"
}
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535942#0 | 微软有哪些软件产品? | [
{
"docid": "1178#30",
"text": "包括Windows用戶服務處、伺服器暨開發工具處、MSN事業處。產品和服務如Windows Live。Windows伺服器版本,如Windows Server。 微軟商業部門生產的Microsoft Office和該公司的在線辦公軟體。軟體產品包括Word(文字處理器),Access(關係資料庫程式),Excel(電子表格程式)的,Outlook(Exchange Server)時,PowerPoint(演示軟體),和Publisher(桌面排版軟體)。後來又增加了一些其他產品,包括Visio,MapPoint,InfoPath和OneNote。",
"title": "微软"
},
{
"docid": "1178#3",
"text": "截至2015年,尽管在 Android 和 iOS 的竞争下,微软已经失去了绝大部分行動裝置系统佔比,但在 IBM PC 兼容操作系统市场和办公软件套裝市场仍占据主导地位。该公司还为台式机,笔记本电脑,标签,小工具和服务器生产各种其他消费者和企业软件,包括互联网搜索(与 Bing),数位服务市场(通过 MSN),混合现实(HoloLens),云计算(Azure)和软件开发(Visual Studio)。",
"title": "微软"
},
{
"docid": "553310#4",
"text": "微软也提供了基于Windows的x86虚拟化产品:Microsoft Virtual PC与Microsoft Virtual Server,这两个产品都基于微软收购Connectix后获得的技术。后来,微软的Microsoft Virtual PC更名为Hyper-V并成为Windows的一个组件,亦曾推出Windows XP Mode以尽可能的解决Windows 7操作系统不支持某些老应用程序的问题。",
"title": "X86虚拟化"
},
{
"docid": "6835723#5",
"text": "在现今仍在制造游戏机的三大游戏机厂商中,微软较另外两家有所不同。微软靠计算机软件起家,在第六世代才进入游戏机市场。在各个世代,微软的游戏机出现了或多或少的制造与营销失误,销量亦明显低于索尼的同世代竞品。不过微软的计算机操作系统在市场上占有绝对主导地位,加上微软的第八世代游戏机切换回x86平台,使得Xbox One系统软件实际上是Windows的一个修改版。2015年11月的一次更新后,Xbox One系统软件的核心被切换到Windows 10,使得Xbox One系统软件成为Windows 10版本矩阵的一员。微软于2016年4月更进一步,宣布合并Xbox One的应用商店入Microsoft商店(原称Windows应用商店),使得Xbox One的游戏可以下载并运行于Windows平台的计算机,同时用于Windows(通用Windows平台应用)的娱乐和生产力软件也可以下载并运行于Xbox上,Xbox形同一款游戏性能卓异且价格低廉的计算机。",
"title": "第九世代游戏机"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "93644#2",
"text": "OEM 授权是软件公司发售授权许可的一种模式,其最大的特点是授权一般直接附加于主機板等重要硬件上。微软是一个著名的例子,为他们的 Windows 作業系統提供 OEM 版的软件。OEM 产品密钥比相对应的零售版价格更为低廉,但兩者使用相同的软件。OEM 密钥主要是提供给直接的代工生产厂家与系统开发者,所以一般是作为批量许可密钥订单出售给这种製造大厂(例如惠普,戴尔,东芝,联想等)。个人同样可以购买它们作为个人使用(包括虚拟硬件),也可用于他们所组建的电脑的销售或转销。在每一个微软有关于 OEM 的最终用户许可协议中,产品密钥都与它原来安装的电脑主板相绑定,之后这种密钥一般是不能在电脑之间进行转让,它们只能为同一台电脑进行激活。这与零售密钥相反,后者可以被转让。一次重大的硬件更换会触发一个再激活提醒,这与零售版相同。",
"title": "代工生产"
},
{
"docid": "1075924#17",
"text": "Microsoft Security Essentials的宣布以及公开亮相受到了来自杀毒软件行业的不同反响。MSE的三个主要竞争厂商赛门铁克、迈克菲和Kaspersky Lab称其不如自家产品。赛门铁克诺顿产品的工程副总裁延森·梅格思(),认为它“非常平庸,没有突出特点。”赛门铁克的汤姆()敦促他的顾客注意他们选择了怎样的保护,并称OneCare提供了“不合格的保护”和“差的用户体验”。迈克菲的全球公共关系主管尤里斯·埃弗斯()说:“因OneCare不到2%的市场份额,我们理解微软的决定是将注意力转移到他们的核心业务上。”卡巴斯基的贾斯汀·普里斯特利()认为微软“在消费者市场的份额持续低迷,他们不认为OneCare的退出会改变市场格局。”",
"title": "Microsoft Security Essentials"
},
{
"docid": "1075924#10",
"text": "2008年11月18日,微软宣布计划推出一款免费的消费者安全产品,代号为Morro(意为“小丘”)。这标志着微软改变了在消费者杀毒软件市场的策略:Morro将会提供一个占用系统资源较小的免费杀毒软件,而不是推出基于订阅的带有许多附加工具(如备份和个人防火墙)的安全产品。微软在线服务和Windows部门的产品高级主管Amy Barzdukas称Morro将不会与其他商业杀毒软件直接竞争,而是将没有或不希望购买杀毒软件的五六成PC用户作为目标。 2009年6月17日,Morro的官方名称被透露为“Microsoft Security Essentials”。",
"title": "Microsoft Security Essentials"
},
{
"docid": "19450#1",
"text": "该公司最著名的硬件产品有iPhone智能手机、iPad平板电脑、Mac个人电脑、iPod音乐播放器、Apple Watch智能手表、Apple TV媒体播放器 、AirPods无线耳机和HomePod智能音箱、遊戲機 Pippin atmark ;软件有macOS、iOS、iPadOS、watchOS和tvOS五大操作系统、iTunes播放器、Safari网页浏览器 、Shazam音乐识别,还有iLife和iWork创意和生产力套件,以及Final Cut Pro、Logic Pro和Xcode等专业软件;在线服务有iTunes Store、iOS App Store、Mac App Store、Apple Music、Apple TV+、iMessage和iCloud。苹果公司还有其他一系列服务包括Apple Store、、AppleCare、Apple Pay、Apple Pay Cash和Apple Card等。",
"title": "蘋果公司"
},
{
"docid": "548651#6",
"text": "微软还发布了Windows Server Essentials(原先称为Windows Small Business Server)和Windows Essential Business Server(已终止),软件包提供了一个受限制的Windows Server操作系统及其他一些Microsoft Servers产品。",
"title": "Windows Server"
},
{
"docid": "1563894#2",
"text": "为获得这些软件产品,学生需证明其身份。学生可访问Dreamspark网站来认证其身份。ISIC卡、由学校负责人指定的申请码或教育电子邮箱地址都是DreamSpark认证学生的方式。",
"title": "Microsoft Imagine"
}
] | [
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5177867#0 | 上海市有哪些外资企业? | [
{
"docid": "235#39",
"text": "由于便捷的地理位置和传统的经济底蕴,上海也是一些国有企业和跨国公司的注册地或大中华区总部所在地,形成辐射长三角乃至全国和全地区的总部效应。目前全球总部设在上海或注册地为上海的知名企业有:[[交通银行]]、[[中国远洋海运集团有限公司]]、[[中国东方航空集团公司]]、[[中国商用飞机有限责任公司]]、[[中国宝武钢铁集团有限公司|中国宝武钢铁集团]]、[[中國銀聯]]、[[上海浦东发展银行]]、[[中国太平洋保险]]、中银国际证券有限责任公司、[[国泰君安证券股份有限公司]]、[[海通證券|海通证券股份有限公司]]、[[普华永道]]中天会计师事务所、[[德勤]]华永会计师事务所、[[安永會計師事務所|安永]](中国)咨询有限公司、[[毕马威]]企业咨询(中国)有限公司、[[上海电气|上海电气(集团)总公司]]、[[上海汽车工业(集团)总公司]]、[[上海国际港务集团|上海国际港务集团股份有限公司]]、[[上海实业控股|上海实业(集团)有限公司]]、[[上海久事公司]]。此外,[[英特尔]]、[[葛兰素史克]]、[[联合利华]]、[[辉瑞]]、[[強生公司|强生]]、[[拜耳]]、[[汉高]]、[[陶氏化学]]、[[飞利浦]]、[[萊雅|欧莱雅]]、[[博世]]、[[通用汽车]]、[[可口可乐]]、[[埃森哲]]、[[麦肯锡]]、[[贝恩资本|贝恩]]、[[波士頓諮詢公司|波士顿咨询公司]]等一大批跨国公司和[[花旗]]、[[汇丰]]、[[安联]]、[[美国国际集团]]、[[渣打]]、[[法國巴黎銀行|法国巴黎银行]]、[[法国兴业银行]]、[[澳盛銀行|澳新银行]]、[[星展银行]]、[[大华银行]]、[[恒生银行]]、[[東亞銀行|东亚银行]]等17家外资金融公司中国总部设在上海。。",
"title": "上海市"
},
{
"docid": "6217897#17",
"text": "截至2016年底,上海市共有出租汽车企业125家,另有2966户个体经营户也涉及出租汽车经营。在所有企业中,大众、强生、锦江、海博(原农工商,2005年更名)的规模较大,被称为“四大公司”或“四巨头”,这些公司占据上海出租车车辆总数的60%。其他運營公司還有總部位於北京成立於1992年的銀建出租以及2002年5月1日推向市場的法蘭紅。",
"title": "上海出租车"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1712825#1",
"text": "改革开放前,上海没有外资企业,屈指可数的几家外商代表机构集中在锦江俱乐部和几家涉外宾馆中,办公用房矛盾基本不存在。改革开放后,外商代表机构和外资企业纷纷前往上海开拓市场。然而,当时的上海就连普通的办公楼也很少。",
"title": "联谊大厦"
},
{
"docid": "1712825#2",
"text": "改革开放初期,外商代表机构和外资企业在上海设立后,遭遇了「雇不到人、借不到车、租不到房」的三大窘境。在租不到房方面,当时锦江俱乐部、和平饭店、上海大厦等涉外宾馆的许多客房都被改成了办公室,但仍难满足不了外商的需求。个别外商出于无奈,偷偷租用居民住宅,开设「地下办事处」。外商用房奇缺引起上海市政府的重视,经上海市委、市政府研究后决定,采取沪港合作的方式投资建设上海第一幢涉外商务办公楼。",
"title": "联谊大厦"
},
{
"docid": "5597116#0",
"text": "中央外资企业局是1949年10月成立的中华人民共和国政务院财政经济委员会下设的行业管理机构。 中华人民共和国成立之初,在中国的外资企业处于观望状态。在华外资拥有1000多家企业,职工12万多人,涉及煤炭、造船、石油、机械、发电、卷烟、制药、食品、银行、港口、进出口、房地产等行业,大多数为英资与美资。同时,为了打破西方的封锁禁运,正确外援,又与苏联合办了一批矿山与运输企业。 1949年5月上海解放之初,有外资企业910家,雇工5万多人,资产总值约5亿美元,其中英资、美资、法资分占47%、41%、9.5%。 在相关行业内占据绝对统治性优势。如美商电力公司的杨树浦发电厂占上海发电总量80%以上。美商电话公司占据几乎全部上海电话用户并垄断电信器材进口。英商电车公司、法商电车公司控制了电车公共汽车行业。美孚火油公司、亚细亚火油公司与德士古汽油公司垄断了石油及其制品的进口。瑞士的华铝钢精厂控制了铝制品市场。 此前,在中共七大政治报告的《论联合政府》中就提到了“借助于外援。在服从中国法令、有益中国经济的条件之下,外国投资是我们所欢迎的”。",
"title": "中央外资企业局"
},
{
"docid": "465#61",
"text": "重庆的外资企业主要是汽车工业和电子工业为主。从1985年初引进第一家外商投资企业——重庆与五十铃合资组建的庆铃汽车公司,到2012年底,重庆外资企业已累计批准超过8000多家,截至2012年4月,入驻重庆的世界500强企业达到244家。",
"title": "重庆市"
},
{
"docid": "2770960#2",
"text": "去年随着成本提升,一些知名的企业开始离开上海,向长三角的其他城市迁移。上海市统计局总经济师蔡旭初在日前举行的市政府新闻发布会上坦承,上海在吸引外资方面“可以说是处于一个低谷”。",
"title": "173计划"
},
{
"docid": "51954#26",
"text": "滨州有境内外上市企业13家、外资企业150家。2018年,全市有各类市场主体30.12万户,规模以上工业企业1261家,高新技术企业124家,新引进世界500强企业7家。共有市级以上农业产业化龙头企业383家,其中国家级7家、省级67家;农民专业合作社7713个。无公害农产品、绿色食品、有机农产品和农产品地理标志总数为480个。滨州有中国厨都(博兴县)、中国铝谷(邹平市)、江北最大白蜡苗木基地(惠民县)、绳网之都(惠民县)、冬枣之乡(沾化区)、中国大陆第一肉牛产业大县(阳信县)。滨州也是多种水产品和海洋化工、盐化工生产基地,是全省最大的对虾苗种繁育基地、山东省第二大海盐生产基地和全国四大渔场之一(黄渤海湾渔场)。卤虫卵年加工量3000吨、占全国市场份额的70%。",
"title": "滨州市"
},
{
"docid": "6739855#2",
"text": "现上海华谊是上海市国有资产监督管理委员会监管企业,拥有20家合资或者独资子公司,涉及燃煤发电,塑料,橡胶领域。其中子公司华谊集团和氯碱化工分别为上海证券交易所挂牌上市公司。",
"title": "上海华谊(集团)公司"
},
{
"docid": "255386#2",
"text": "德国商业银行自1993年设立上海分行,并在2000年就成为第一批获得全面人民币业务牌照的外资银行。现上海分行办公地点设在陆家嘴环球金融中心,并在大陆设有北京和天津分行。另外在香港和新加坡保留了庞大的投资银行队伍。",
"title": "德国商业银行"
}
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6717135#0 | 新加披有哪些旅游景点? | [
{
"docid": "5562434#3",
"text": "此外,该岛還建造了摩天塔,让访客观看整个新加坡本島以及圣淘沙景觀。新加坡最新的旅游景点也包括两座综合度假村,濱海灣金沙和聖淘沙名勝世界,一座環球影城主题公园和滨海湾花园。",
"title": "新加坡旅游业"
},
{
"docid": "5562434#9",
"text": "圣淘沙是一个位于新加坡南部相对较大的岛屿。该岛的旅游景点包括一个海滨度假酒店、西樂索砲台、其历史博物馆、水下世界水族馆和摩天塔。新加坡还设有两个赌场(综合度假胜地),濱海灣金沙和聖淘沙名勝世界。",
"title": "新加坡旅游业"
},
{
"docid": "5562434#1",
"text": "乌节路地区主要有多层购物中心和酒店,被視為新加坡旅遊業的中心。其他受欢迎的旅游景点包括新加坡动物园、 河川生态园和夜间野生动物园,這些景點可以提供訪客在夜间在與野生動物在沒有明顯隔閡下探索模擬亚洲、非洲和美洲的野生動物栖息地的條件。新加坡动物园擁有\"开放型动物园\"的概念,即動物是被人工河而非鐵欄與訪客進行安全性的隔離。設於動物園旁的河川生态园則设有位於世界各地的10个不同的生态系统大型模擬展示,其中包括尼罗河、长江流域、密西西比河、亚马逊河以及苔原,園內收有約300种动物,包括许多濒临灭绝的物种。裕廊飛禽公園是另一个以鳥類為主題的动物园,園內擁有很多品种的鸟类,其中包括著名的火烈鸟。",
"title": "新加坡旅游业"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6912741#0",
"text": "新加坡动物园()是一座位于新加坡的动物园,是新加坡的主要旅游景点,每年吸引游客190万人次。",
"title": "新加坡动物园"
},
{
"docid": "33609#32",
"text": "其他州内旅游景点包括位于士拉央黑风洞镇的黑风洞,莎亚南、巴生、吉胆岛等地方。雪州最热门沙滩位于雪邦县的雪邦黄金海岸(Sepang Gold Coast)、Batu Laut和摩立(Morib)海滩。雪州也拥有许多生态旅游景点如位于瓜拉雪蘭莪的螢火蟲公園、莎亚南的马来西亚农业公园、共和联邦森林公园、士拉央及甲洞的马来西亚森林研究院(FRIM)、位于安邦的安邦森林公园和森林公园等。",
"title": "雪蘭莪"
},
{
"docid": "4778719#9",
"text": "新加坡旅游局将丹达乌他帕尼庙列为旅游景点。根据旅游局的网站,若旅客有意体验一年一度大宝森节的节日气氛并且见证大宝森节举行的宗教仪式,那么丹达乌他帕尼庙为“必到之处”。",
"title": "丹达乌他帕尼庙"
},
{
"docid": "6136128#30",
"text": "影片的发行也刺激了新加坡的旅游业,部分原因要归于影片展现的多个旅游景点,包括滨海湾金沙酒店及莱佛士酒店。新加坡旅游局和华纳兄弟影业合作举行首映礼,同时在制作过程也负责搜索人才及取景地。然而,在新加坡举行的2018年朝美首脑会晤据说也提振了游客数目。影片上映后,原著小说的销量也增加了约150万本。",
"title": "瘋狂亞洲富豪"
},
{
"docid": "6347759#0",
"text": "夜间野生动物园()是新加坡标志性旅游景点,亦是全球首座专为夜行动物设计的野生动物园。动物园于1994年开幕,现占地面积35公顷,位于新加坡,坐落在新加坡动物园和旁的热带雨林中。",
"title": "新加坡夜间野生动物园"
},
{
"docid": "5562434#10",
"text": "新加坡有很多公园和以其自然热带环境為主題的项目。 新加坡旅游局為吸引旅客经常举办各种各样的活动,包括妆艺大游行、新加坡艺术节和新加坡花园节。新加坡也会在每年七月于博览中心舉行新加坡美食节,以展示新加坡多样的饮食文化;其他年度活动还包括圣诞节亮灯仪式和新加坡珠宝节。",
"title": "新加坡旅游业"
},
{
"docid": "10997#111",
"text": "在拥有丰富旅游景点的同时,宁波旅游景点的门票却饱受诟病。一方面,以溪口为代表的部分景点销售价格高昂的联票,屡屡受到网友的抨击,并引用蒋中正后人蒋孝严对中国大陆旅游景点票价的批评作为支撑。另一方面,部分景区对本地居民采取的优惠措施也引起了外地旅游者的不满。",
"title": "宁波市"
}
] | [
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] |
5070892#0 | 阿尔卑斯山脉最高峰多高? | [
{
"docid": "57046#1",
"text": "阿爾卑斯山共有128座海拔超過4000公尺的山峰,其中最高峰白朗峰海拔4810.45公尺,位於法國和意大利的交界處。山脈呈弧形,長1200公里,寬130~260公里,平均海拔约3000公尺,總面積約22萬平方公里。阿爾卑斯山北邊是水氣較多的氣候,而南邊則較為乾燥,雨量很少。",
"title": "阿尔卑斯山"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3399075#2",
"text": "东阿尔卑斯山脉的最高峰是位于瑞士的西里申阿尔卑斯山脉的贝尔尼纳山脉的皮兹伯里那山,海拔4,049米(13,284英尺)。它也是这个山脉中唯一超过4000米的高峰,它的名字在1850年由第一位登顶的约翰·科兹给出,取自伯尔尼纳山口。构成皮兹伯里那山的岩石是闪长岩和辉长岩,而不是一般山脉的花岗岩(科尔瓦奇峰,帕鲁峰)。除了贝尔尼纳山脉的其他高峰外,其次是意大利博尔扎诺自治省的奥特拉峰,海拔3,905米(12,812英尺)和奥地利最高的山峰大格洛克纳山,海拔3,798米(12,461英尺)。自1986年以来,大格洛克纳山和毗邻的帕斯特泽冰川地区一直是高地陶恩山脉国家公园内的一个特别保护区。",
"title": "東阿爾卑斯山脈"
},
{
"docid": "658698#1",
"text": "狄那里克阿尔卑斯山脉是欧洲第四大山脉,仅次于高加索山脉、斯堪的纳维亚山脉和阿尔卑斯山脉,跨斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納、塞尔维亚、黑山、阿尔巴尼亚和科索沃,最高点为阿尔巴尼亚境内的湖泊峰,海拔2692-{zh-cn:米; zh-hk:米; zh-tw:公尺}-。",
"title": "狄那里克阿尔卑斯山脉"
},
{
"docid": "3243#34",
"text": "瑞士境內約有100座海拔接近或超過4,000公尺的山峰。標高4,634公尺的杜富尔峰為瑞士最高點,但馬特洪峰較為知名,兩座山峰皆位於本宁阿尔卑斯山脉及瓦莱州內;伯爾尼茲阿爾卑斯山脈中以少女峰(標高4,158公尺)及艾格峰最廣為人知,少女峰旁的盧達本納冰蝕河谷存在72個瀑布。位於恩加丁河谷的圣莫里茨為著名滑雪勝地,該河谷旁的貝爾尼納山脈最高峰為標高4,049公尺的貝爾尼納峰。阿尔卑斯山是欧洲最高最大的山脉,绵延瑞士境内的中部,有欧洲著名山峰——少女峰;美国作家马克吐温於1891年写道:“少女峰这个名称很好,没有比少女更洁白无瑕和圣洁的了”,少女峰於2001年被联合国教科文组织评选为世界文化遗产之一。瑞士境内独有多座数千公尺的山峰,和终年不化的冰河,使他成为世界著名的旅游观光胜地。",
"title": "瑞士"
},
{
"docid": "704269#7",
"text": "阿尔卑斯山是受欢迎的旅游目的地,也是瑞士公认的标志之一。瑞士的最高峰杜富尔峰(4634米)在阿尔卑斯山区的瓦莱州。瑞士的另一个标志马特峰也位于阿尔卑斯山区。马特峰(4,478米)是瑞士第7高峰,也是瑞士最上照山峰。",
"title": "瑞士地理"
},
{
"docid": "6308091#1",
"text": "阿莱奇峰,是伯尔尼兹阿尔卑斯山脉第二高峰,仅次于芬斯特瓦山,是唯一一个完全位于瓦莱州的高峰。它是与分隔脊平行的山脉最终点,并且在其主峰的高度上超过它。因此,它的主要范围位于伯尔尼兹阿尔卑斯山脉和本宁阿尔卑斯山脉之间,它与比奇峰处于被群峰环绕的中心位置。阿莱奇峰常被认为可以看到阿尔卑斯群峰最精美的全景。",
"title": "阿莱奇峰"
},
{
"docid": "5292508#2",
"text": "尽管曾有声明说月球上的勃朗峰像地球上的一样,是阿尔卑斯山脉中最高的山峰,但月球勘测轨道飞行器的测量数据显示,它只是阿尔卑斯山脉中三座最高的山丘之一,它比最高的一座低600米,比第二高的低100米。",
"title": "白朗峰 (月球)"
},
{
"docid": "5071657#0",
"text": "阿爾卑斯山脈是月球正面北部的一座山脈,位于西北柏拉图坑和东南的卡西尼环形山之间,它的另一侧与冷海接壤。阿尔卑斯山脉长约450公里,最高峰达4.3-4.7公里,较邻近月海的月面高度高出1.72公里。山脉中间穿插着一条阿尔卑斯谷- 一种起源尚不清楚的地表特征。它的名稱來自歐洲的阿爾卑斯山。",
"title": "阿爾卑斯山脈 (月球)"
},
{
"docid": "6308828#0",
"text": "巴尔德塞克兰峰 (;4,102米)是法国阿尔卑斯山海拔4102米的山峰。它是埃克蘭山和多菲内山的最高峰和高于4,000米的欧洲最南面的阿尔卑斯高峰。它是外法国唯一高于4,000米的高峰。在1860年吞并萨伏依之前,它是法国最高的山峰。",
"title": "巴尔德塞克兰峰"
},
{
"docid": "57046#7",
"text": "國際登山聯會定義了一個官方的阿爾卑斯山脈山峰列表,其中有82個超過4000公尺的山,但其中不止是高山,也包括了一些地形突起度不高,但常作為登山运动目的地的山。下表是22座地形突起度超過500公尺的山,也就是高度高過最近鞍部500公尺的山。",
"title": "阿尔卑斯山"
}
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185288#0 | 古希腊三贤有谁? | [
{
"docid": "7777#20",
"text": "苏格拉底和他的学生柏拉图及柏拉图的学生亚里士多德被并称为“希腊三贤”。苏格拉底出生于雅典,被后人广泛认为是西方哲学的奠基者。柏拉图写下了许多哲学的对话录,并且在雅典创办了知名的柏拉图学院。亚里士多德 在柏拉图学院生活了20多年,在许多领域都留下广泛著作,包括了物理学、形而上学、诗歌、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、政治、政府、以及伦理学。",
"title": "雅典"
},
{
"docid": "3061768#13",
"text": "苏格拉底和他的学生柏拉图及柏拉图的学生亚里士多德被并称为“希腊三哲”。苏格拉底出生于雅典,被后人广泛认为是西方哲学的奠基者。柏拉图写下了许多哲学的对话录,并且在雅典创办了知名的柏拉图学院。亚里士多德 在柏拉图学院生活了20多年,在许多领域都留下广泛著作,包括了物理学、形而上学、诗歌、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、政治、政府、以及伦理学。",
"title": "古雅典"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "53566#0",
"text": "古希腊七贤,古代希腊七位名人的统称,现代人了解较多的只有立法者梭伦和哲学家泰勒斯两人,剩余五人一般認為是契罗、毕阿斯、庇塔庫斯、佩里安德、克萊俄布盧,但無法確定。",
"title": "古希腊七贤"
},
{
"docid": "755#2",
"text": "古希腊悲剧是整个西方戏剧的起源,所以悲剧是最古老的戏剧题材。古希臘悲劇的概念和現代的不同,不在於悲,而在於嚴肅和對高尚行為的模仿的悲壯感受,因此古希臘悲劇結尾不一定是悲慘的;可以又天外救星給一個皆大歡喜的結尾。 古希腊三大悲剧诗人依年代順序為:埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯和欧里庇得斯。 著名的古希腊悲剧有:《被缚的普罗米修斯》、《俄狄浦斯王》、《安提戈涅》、《美狄亞》等",
"title": "悲劇"
},
{
"docid": "129492#31",
"text": "埃斯库罗斯(前525-前456)是古希腊最伟大的悲剧作家。他对古希腊悲剧最大的贡献是在表演中引入了第二个演员,改变了过去古希腊戏剧中只有一个演员和歌队共同演出的传统模式,为戏剧情节的发展和戏剧道白的丰富多彩提供了可能和便利条件。埃斯库罗斯已知剧名的作品共80部,其中只有7部传世,包括《俄瑞斯忒亚》三联剧(《阿迦门农》、《奠酒人》和《复仇女神》)、《乞援人》、《波斯人》、《七将攻忒拜》和《普罗米修斯》。埃斯库罗斯是整个古希腊戏剧的第一位大师,对整个西方戏剧艺术的发展产生了深远的影响。",
"title": "古希腊文学"
},
{
"docid": "3061768#15",
"text": "活跃于公元前五世纪到四世纪的欧里庇得斯、埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师,他们都在雅典生活过。埃斯库罗斯共创作90部悲剧和笑剧,而留下的只有7部,代表作《阿伽门农》,描写一个家族复仇的悲惨故事;索福克勒斯一生共写过123个剧本,如今只有7部完整的流传下来,《俄狄浦斯王》是他的代表作,展示了富有典型意义的希腊悲剧冲突——人跟命运的冲突;欧里庇得斯他一生共创作了九十多部作品,保留至今的有18部,完全将视线从神身上转移到了人,主角以小人物为主,而非对远古英雄的崇敬,代表作品包括《厄拉克特拉》和《特洛伊妇女》等。",
"title": "古雅典"
},
{
"docid": "16996#11",
"text": "古希腊历史上诞生了著名的三大悲剧诗人,他们代表了古希腊悲剧艺术“兴起-繁荣-衰落”各个时期的最高成就: 埃斯库罗斯身处古希腊悲剧刚形成的时期。他最早引入了第二位演员,这使得古希腊戏剧从带有颂歌性质的一人表演转化为表现两人之间的矛盾冲突的文学作品。他注意塑造人物形象,突出戏剧对话的重要性,为古希腊悲剧定型,故被称之为“悲剧之父”",
"title": "古希腊悲剧"
},
{
"docid": "44323#10",
"text": "古希臘的宗教可以被視為多神教,但具有強的一神論成份。 在古希臘的奧林匹斯十二主神分別為: 宙斯,赫拉,波塞冬,雅典娜,阿瑞斯,得墨忒耳,阿波羅,阿耳忒彌斯,赫淮斯托斯,阿佛洛狄忒,赫耳墨斯和赫斯提亞。赫斯提亞下台後狄俄尼索斯被邀請到奧林匹斯山,這是一個有爭議的問題。羅伯特格雷夫斯的「希臘神話」建議赫斯提亞交出她的座位,但他援引的兩個來源顯然不建議赫斯提亞這樣做。哈迪斯會因為他住在陰間而不包括在奧林匹斯十二主神內。所有的神都有一種能力。",
"title": "多神論"
},
{
"docid": "213432#1",
"text": "最著名的参考无疑是赫西俄德的《神谱》,以至于人们时常把希腊神话的神谱等同于他所给出的这个。他所列出的原始神有:卡俄斯(混沌,Chaos),然后有盖亞(大地,Gaia)、塔爾塔罗斯(地狱,Tartarus)、厄罗斯(欲望,Eros)、倪克斯(夜晚,Nyx)、厄瑞玻斯(黑暗,Erebus),接着是乌拉诺斯(天空,Uranus)、埃忒耳(太空,Aether)以及赫墨拉(白昼,Hemera)。",
"title": "希腊原始神"
},
{
"docid": "7846545#2",
"text": "畢阿斯一直被认为是古希腊七贤之一,并被狄凯尔库斯]]称为是四位被普遍授予称号之一,其余三人是泰勒斯、庇塔库斯和梭伦。逍遥学派的将他列为七贤之首。曾讽刺过赫西奥德和毕达哥拉斯的赫拉克利特也称毕阿斯是「一个比任何人都更体贴的人。」 他传说中的一個善舉是曾为一些被俘的妇女支付赎金,将其作為自己的女儿教導,並協助她们回到故乡墨西拿,回到父母身边。",
"title": "普里耶涅的毕阿斯"
}
] | [
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3359372#0 | 古罗马有哪些文化遗产? | [
{
"docid": "66707#41",
"text": "美术博物馆大约有六万件藏品,从古代到现代的艺术品都有收集,并主要集中于地中海、西欧、中国、美国和拉丁美洲的作品。博物馆有专门的古希腊、古罗马的文化遗产收藏,包括陶器、大理石、青铜、以及罗马的镶嵌工艺收藏。这些文物来自普林斯顿大学在安提阿(古叙利亚首都,现土耳其南部城市)的考古挖掘工作。博物馆还收藏了一些中世纪欧洲的雕塑、金属制品和彩色玻璃。西欧的油画收藏包括了从早期文艺复兴一直到19世纪,20世纪以及现代美术作品的收藏还在扩展之中。",
"title": "普林斯顿大学"
},
{
"docid": "1863413#0",
"text": "特里尔的古罗马遗迹、主教座堂和圣母教堂指的是德國特里尔以及周边的一系列罗马和中世纪的文化建筑。这些建筑在1986年被联合国教科文组织制定为世界遗产。公元前16年建城的特里尔拥有大量杰出的罗马时期建筑,连同中世纪基督教建筑一起榜上有名。",
"title": "特里尔的古罗马遗迹、主教座堂和圣母教堂"
},
{
"docid": "122357#2",
"text": "古罗马的文化主要是继承希腊文化而逐渐发展起来的。在希腊化时期,罗马就输入了许多希腊作品,加以翻译和摹仿。在公元前146年罗马灭亡希腊之后,更是将全部希腊神话、诗歌和戏剧据为己有,找了许多从希腊俘虏来的奴隶来做家庭教师,让他们编剧作诗,并研究各种科学,这使得古罗马文学染上了浓厚的希腊色彩。以神话为例,同希腊文化接触后,许多罗马的神祇便同希腊的神祇结合起来。如罗马人信奉的主神朱庇特便等同于希腊的宙斯,他的妻子朱诺则等同于赫拉。至于太阳神阿波罗和文艺女神缪斯等则直接进入罗马神话,连名字都没有变。",
"title": "古罗马文学"
},
{
"docid": "7208168#11",
"text": "此地拥有特别丰富的文化和艺术资源:方尖碑、修道院、博物馆、著名街道、地下墓穴、户外和地下的罗马和希腊遗迹的考古发掘,包括罗马剧院、雕像和浮雕、腰線以及支撑古代历史建筑的中世纪柱子等等。 仅仅在古代中心区,大致包括圣朱塞佩(San Giuseppe)、波尔图(Porto)、彭迪诺(Pendino)、集市区(Mercato)、圣老楞佐区(San Lorenzo)、维卡瑞亚(Vicaria),更具体地说,几乎对应于那不勒斯的德库马尼区(decumani), 就可以看到集中分布了200多座历史教堂 它们与意大利著名艺术家的活动联系在一起。这些艺术家包括: 乔托、卡拉瓦乔、多那太羅、朱塞佩·桑马蒂诺、卢卡·焦尔达诺、科西莫·范扎戈、路易吉·万维泰利、胡塞佩·德·里貝拉、多梅尼基諾、圭多·雷尼、蒂诺·迪·卡马伊诺、马可·达尔·皮诺、西蒙尼·马蒂尼、马蒂亚·普雷蒂等等。",
"title": "那不勒斯历史中心"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "39129#33",
"text": "罗马市作为欧洲最大的文化城市之一,拥有伊特鲁里亚时代至今不计其数的历史遗迹,是伊特鲁里亚时代王朝和罗马早期至晚期的历史见证,罗马帝国同样也给这座城市留下了无数珍贵的历史财富。",
"title": "罗马"
},
{
"docid": "1817593#1",
"text": "罗马时代留下的遗迹还有老桥(Puente Viejo)和浴池(Termas)等。",
"title": "卢戈 (西班牙)"
},
{
"docid": "6324117#4",
"text": "考古遺跡还保留了构成罗马城市最具代表性的元素。它们包括:",
"title": "巴埃洛克劳狄亚"
},
{
"docid": "597590#2",
"text": "新石器時代文化有永卡文化(vinca culture): 遺址靠近Timis河流,最古老的文化層可追溯至公元前五千年,已出土房屋遺址",
"title": "罗马尼亚历史"
},
{
"docid": "39129#3",
"text": "城市及郊区保存大量古蹟,羅馬與佛羅倫斯同為義大利文藝復興中心,現今仍保存有相當豐富的文藝復興與巴洛克風貌;1980年,羅馬的歷史城區被列為世界文化遺產。",
"title": "罗马"
},
{
"docid": "4343591#0",
"text": "羅馬文明博物館()是位於義大利EUR區的一座以古羅馬文明為展示主題的博物館。博物館展示古羅馬起源至4世紀時的歷史,除了發掘出的資料之外,亦展示十分精密的模型及複製品。可通過地鐵直達博物館。",
"title": "羅馬文明博物館"
}
] | [
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1182284#0 | 加拿大位于哪一大洲? | [
{
"docid": "44850#0",
"text": "加拿大(英语、法语:Canada,IPA读音:(英)(法))是一个位于北美洲最北部的国家,属于西半球及北半球,其领土西临太平洋,东濒大西洋,北接北冰洋,有部分领土位于北极圈内。加拿大东北方与丹麦领地格陵兰相望,南方及西北方与美国本土及阿拉斯加州接壤,法国属地圣皮埃尔和密克隆位于其东部的岛屿之中。加拿大的领土面积达998万4670平方公里,为全球面积第二大国家,亦是发达国家之中的领土面积最大者。该国首都为渥太华,以2016年都会区人口排序,前五大城市为多伦多、蒙特利尔、温哥华、卡尔加里、埃德蒙顿。 十个省和三个地区组成加拿大全國。加拿大被《福布斯》列於2020年退休宜居國的名單中。",
"title": "加拿大"
},
{
"docid": "333613#0",
"text": "大熊湖(、甸尼語:、)是加拿大的一個湖泊。它是世界第8大湖,北美洲第4大湖,完全位於加拿大境內的第一大湖(蘇必略湖和休倫湖面積更大但位在美加邊界上)。大熊湖位在加拿大西北地區,在北極圈上的北緯65度和北緯67度間,西經118度和西經123度間,海拔156公尺。",
"title": "大熊湖"
},
{
"docid": "801127#0",
"text": "加拿大地處北美洲,是世界面積第二大的國家,僅次于俄羅斯。國土面積達9,984,670平方公里。相當于俄羅斯的五分之三、澳大利亚的1.3倍、略小于歐洲、英國的40倍。但如果不計河流、湖泊等水域面積的話,加拿大面積小于美國和中國,是世界第四大國家。加拿大國土自太平洋東岸伸延至大西洋西岸。(加拿大的國家格言就是從海洋到海洋)。在陸地上南部與美國相鄰,西北的育空地區及卑詩省與美國的阿拉斯加接壤。",
"title": "加拿大地理"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "43884#6",
"text": "魁北克省占地广袤,是加拿大第一大省(连同地区计则仅次於努纳武特),面积约为中國广东省的十倍。省内大部地区人口稀少。魁北克省超过90%的地区位于加拿大地盾。北部广阔,无人居住。魁北克位于加拿大东部,西接安大略省和哈德逊湾,东邻大西洋诸省,南部与美国接壤(缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州和纽约州),北部直抵北冰洋。",
"title": "魁北克省"
},
{
"docid": "44850#27",
"text": "加拿大占据着北美洲北部的大部分地区,其领土从西部的太平洋地区一直延伸到东部的大西洋地区,北部延伸至北冰洋。格陵兰在该国的东北部,圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛在纽芬兰的南部。按总面积来算(包括陆地面积与水域面积),加拿大是全世界第二大的国家,仅次于俄罗斯;仅按陆地面积计算,它则为全世界第四大。 自1925年起,加拿大宣称西经60度至141度的北极地区为其领土,但是一直没有得到广泛承认。它拥有世界上最北的人类定居点,驻扎在埃尔斯米尔岛的,纬度高达北纬82.5度,距北极点仅有800公里。加拿大拥有世界上最长的海岸线,总共长202,080公里(125,570英里),而与美国之间的边境更是世界上最长的不驻防边界,共8,891公里(5,525英里)长。",
"title": "加拿大"
},
{
"docid": "5080761#0",
"text": "加拿大航空是加拿大最大的航空公司,也是加拿大唯一的国家航空公司和載旗航空,成立于1936年,其前身为環加拿大航空(Trans-Canada Air Lines),目前加拿大航空有194個通航城市,覆盖六大洲。其最大枢纽为多伦多皮尔逊国际机场,其次为蒙特利尔皮埃尔·埃利奥特·特鲁多国际机场、温哥华国际机场和卡尔加里国际机场。按机队数量计算,加拿大航空为全球第十大航空公司,也是星空联盟的创始会员之一。在2014年,加拿大航空及加拿大快运航空共运载旅客超过3800万人次,每天运营航班共1500个班次。",
"title": "加拿大航空航点"
},
{
"docid": "44850#28",
"text": "自上一次冰期开始,加拿大境内有多达八种不同类型的森林,其中包括布满整个加拿大盾地的针叶林。与美国共有的苏必利尔湖是世界上第一大淡水湖(以面积计算),约82,100平方公里(31,700平方英里),而在该国境内有大量淡水资源。同时在洛矶山脉和海岸山脉也有淡水以冰川的状态储存在那些山脉。加拿大的地质活动相当活跃,有着频繁的地震以及许多活火山。1775年发生在不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的爆发是加国历史上最严重的一场自然灾害,造成大约2000遇难并摧毁他们在谷的村庄。火山爆-{zh-hans:发; zh-hant:發; }-带来约22.5公里(14.0英里)的岩浆流,而根据尼斯加人的传说,那些岩浆甚至堵塞纳斯河。加拿大的人口密度为每平方公里3.41人(每平方英里8.83人),是全世界人口密度最低的国家之一。而人口最密集的区域为魁北克市-温莎走廊,位于魁北克省南部和南安大略并分布在圣劳伦斯河和五大湖沿岸。",
"title": "加拿大"
},
{
"docid": "3476287#0",
"text": "加拿大國際航空(英語:,企業標誌中寫作 Canadian Airlines)是加拿大一間已終止營運的航空公司。其總部設在艾伯塔省-{zh-hans:卡尔加里;zh-hk:卡加利;zh-tw:卡爾加里;}-,1996年共運載1.19億旅客,服務涵蓋五個大洲、17個國家的160個目的地。 加拿大國際航空公司是寰宇一家航空聯盟的創始成員之一,惟已於2000年破產,與其機隊一同被楓葉航空(Air Canada)併購。",
"title": "加拿大國際航空"
},
{
"docid": "2891535#1",
"text": "加拿大首都渥太华位于安大略省和魁北克省交界处安大略一侧,其与魁北克省的加蒂諾构成了加拿大首都地区。The Canadian Press defines Eastern Canada as everything east of and including Thunder Bay, Ontario.",
"title": "加拿大东部"
},
{
"docid": "3730534#2",
"text": "英格蘭的哈德遜灣公司,於加拿大中部廣寬土地擁有王家壟斷貿易權,最早定居於該區域。西北公司後來進入該區域的一大部份地方,兩間公司的競爭最終使它們合併。新西班牙和俄屬北美於1793年和1825年前,分別聲稱擁有西部的一大片土地(英國稱為哥倫比亞區,後來成為卑詩殖民地),並且與美國聲稱的俄勒岡區重疊,直至1846年英美簽訂《俄勒岡條約》,邊界才從洛磯山脈沿著北緯49度線延伸至太平洋。",
"title": "加拿大領土變遷"
}
] | [
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6108058#0 | 噬菌体有哪些繁殖特点? | [
{
"docid": "200749#19",
"text": "温和噬菌体在吸附和侵入宿主细胞后,将噬菌体基因组整合在宿主细胞DNA上(或以质粒形式储存在细胞内),随宿主DNA复制而同步复制,随宿主细胞分裂而传递到两个子细胞中,宿主细胞可正常繁殖,以上过程称为“溶源周期”。但在一定条件下,噬菌体基因组可进行复制,产生并释放子代噬菌体,即“裂解周期”。因此温和噬菌体既能进行溶源循环,还能进行裂解循环。",
"title": "噬菌体"
},
{
"docid": "200749#7",
"text": "噬菌体细胞受体是指在宿主细胞表面,存在着某些可被噬菌体吸附蛋白所识别,并与之特异性结合的正常生理功能物质。不同噬菌体其细胞受体各不相同,有的在细胞壁上,有的则在荚膜上、鞭毛上或性菌毛上,例如T3、T4和T7等噬菌体,其细胞受体是脂多糖,T2和T6噬菌体的受体是脂蛋白,枯草杆菌噬菌体SP-50的受体是磷酸壁。",
"title": "噬菌体"
},
{
"docid": "1029#63",
"text": "噬菌体是病毒中最为普遍和分布最广的群体。例如,噬菌体是水体中最普遍的生物个体,在海洋中其数量可达细菌数量的十多倍,1毫升的海水中可含有约2亿5千万个噬菌体。噬菌体是通过结合细菌表面的受体来感染特定的细菌。在进入细菌后的很短的时间内,有时仅仅为几分钟,细菌的聚合酶就开始将病毒mRNA翻译为蛋白质。这些病毒蛋白质有些在细菌细胞内组装成新的病毒体,有些为辅助蛋白可以帮助病毒体的组装,有些则参与细胞裂解(病毒可以产生一些酶来帮助裂解细胞膜)。噬菌体的整个感染过程非常迅速;以T4噬菌体为例,从注入病毒核酸到释放出超过300个新合成的病毒,所需的时间仅为20多分钟。",
"title": "病毒"
},
{
"docid": "200749#14",
"text": "大多数噬菌体以裂解细胞的方式被释放至胞外,溶菌酶水解细胞壁,脂肪酶水解细胞膜,细胞裂解,释放子代噬菌体粒子(即病毒粒子)。丝状噬菌体则以分泌方式从受染细胞中释放出来,它不裂解和杀死宿主细胞,不妨碍宿主细胞,但宿主细胞的生长速度却大大降低",
"title": "噬菌体"
},
{
"docid": "200749#1",
"text": "跟別的病毒一樣,噬菌體也是一團由蛋白質外殼包裹的遺傳物質,大部分噬菌體還長有「尾巴」,用來將遺傳物質注入宿主體內。超過95%已知的噬菌體以雙螺旋結構的DNA為遺傳物質,長度由5,000個碱基对到5,000,000個碱基对不等;餘下的5%以RNA為遺傳物質。正是通過對噬菌體的研究,科學家證實基因以DNA為載體。(见赫希-蔡斯实验)整個噬菌體的長度由20納米到200納米不等。它們的基因組可含有少至四個、多至數百個基因。在注射其基因組進入細胞質後,噬菌體在細菌內複製。噬菌體是在生物圈中最常見的和多樣化的實體。",
"title": "噬菌体"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "200749#0",
"text": "噬菌体()是一种感染细菌和古细菌的病毒,其特点为專以細菌為宿主。人们熟知的噬菌體是以大腸桿菌為寄主的T2噬菌體。",
"title": "噬菌体"
},
{
"docid": "200749#15",
"text": "凡在宿主细胞内能够完成增殖过程,产生并释放大量子代噬菌体,此类噬菌体被称为烈性噬菌体(virulent phage)",
"title": "噬菌体"
},
{
"docid": "4975938#27",
"text": "噬菌体是以细菌和古菌作爲宿主的病毒。国际病毒分类委员会將噬菌體分成11科28属。噬菌体对海洋生态学来说很重要,因为受感染的细菌破裂后,含碳化合物會释放回环境中,刺激新生物的生长。噬菌体在科学研究中很有用,因为它们对人类无害,研究起来很方便。但在食品、制药等行业,噬菌体可能會帶來一些麻烦,因为发酵需要健康的细菌。有些细菌感染用抗生素难以对付,因而用噬菌体治疗細菌感染已成爲一個越來越熱門的課題。",
"title": "病毒概論"
},
{
"docid": "1029#19",
"text": "有尾噬菌体在噬菌体中数量最多,其壳体由头部和尾部组成,头部呈正二十面体对称,尾部呈螺旋对称,头部和尾部之间通过颈部相连。此外噬菌体的尾部还附着有一些尾鞘、尾丝和尾钉等。其头壳中包裹着噬菌体的基因组,而尾部的各个组件则在噬菌体感染细菌的过程中发挥作用。",
"title": "病毒"
},
{
"docid": "6108058#1",
"text": "侵染寄主时,尾鞘收缩,头部的DNA即通过中空的尾部注入细胞内。T-系噬菌体是研究最广泛和深入的细菌噬菌体,侵染大肠杆菌(一种正常栖居在人类肠道中的细菌)B菌株,T为英文Type的字头,并按其发现的前后顺序编号为T1,2,3,4,5,6,7,因其偶数型(2,4,6)结构的化学组成与奇数型(1,3,5,7)不同,故又分为T-偶数系与T-奇数系。例:T4属偶数系。",
"title": "T4噬菌体"
}
] | [
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108005#0 | 自燃有哪些分类? | [
{
"docid": "108005#0",
"text": "自燃()是指可燃物质在没有外部火花、火焰等火源的作用下,因受热或自身发热并蓄热所产生的自行燃烧。蓄积的热量达到某个温度时,干草、堆肥、煤、亚麻籽油和某些化学物质都有可能发生自燃,这一温度就称作自燃温度。还有一些未经证实的报道称,有人体自燃现象。原因可能是因為衣物等被引燃后波及人体脂肪所导致的燃烧现象,被称为,而不属于严格意义上的自燃。干草是可以发生自燃的物质中研究最充分的一种。 由于有多种草可以用来制造干草,所以要建立一个统一的干草自燃理论是很难的。推测认为湿度大于25%的干草会发生自燃。自燃一般发生在干草被储存二到六周的时候,特别是四到五周时最为多见。这一过程多为微生物作用和化学作用的综合,但两者都需要湿度的参与。在100度时,湿干草比干燥的干草吸附的氧气要多一倍,一个推测是在湿度的作用下,干草中含有的多糖会水解为较简单的糖,后者更容易被氧化。",
"title": "自燃"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "245162#46",
"text": "液体推进剂的分类方式有:按推进剂组元数,可分为单组元推进剂、双组元推进剂和三组元推进剂;按推进剂贮存性能,可分为可贮存推进剂(如煤油、硝酸等)和(如液氢、液氧);按氧化剂与燃料直接接触时的化学反应能力,分为自燃推进剂和非自燃推进剂。",
"title": "液体火箭发动机"
},
{
"docid": "449706#6",
"text": "根據國際橄欖油協會的说明,“通常把橄欖油分類為三大类分别是:温和(清和、淡素或‘黃油狀’);半果香(味較濃、橄欖味道較重);果香(味道濃厚、全熟的橄欖油)。”按照橄榄质量,榨出的橄榄油质量也不一样。现代工业榨油方法一般会采用工业萃取法将油快速分离。根据研究显示,常食用富含单元不饱和脂肪的餐饮可能會有效预防心脑血管疾病,但兩者之間的因果關係並沒有足夠科學依據證明。",
"title": "橄欖油"
},
{
"docid": "45107#6",
"text": "金属铯具有高度的活性,并且非常容易自燃。除了在空气中能够自发燃烧以外,铯在很低温度下就能够与水发生爆炸性地反应,比碱金属中的其他元素更剧烈。铯可以在温度低达-116℃的条件下与冰发生反应。由于其高度活性,该金属被分类为危险性物质。铯通常在诸如矿物油等的干燥的饱和烃中储存和运输。类似的,必须在惰性气体的保护下处理铯,例如氩。然而,铯-水的爆炸威力通常比同样量的钠-水的威力小,这是由于铯在接触到水的时候立即爆炸,使得聚集起氢气的时间很少。铯可以储存于真空密封的硅硼酸盐玻璃制造的安瓿中。若铯的量超过100克,需要将铯放置在密封的不锈钢容器中运输。",
"title": "铯"
},
{
"docid": "199388#3",
"text": "燃燒需要三種要素並存才能發生,分別是可燃物如燃料、助燃物如氧氣、以及溫度要達到燃点。燃燒三要素並稱為火三角。助燃物是燃燒反應中的氧化劑,氧氣是燃燒反應中最常見的助燃物,但其他化合物也可能是助燃物,例如鎂帶可以在二氧化碳中燃燒,此時二氧化碳即為助燃物。",
"title": "燃烧"
},
{
"docid": "45107#50",
"text": "金属铯是最活泼的元素之一,并且接触水后会发生爆炸。铯接触水后产生大量的热,加热了同时产生的氢气并将其点燃,引起猛烈地爆炸。其它的碱金属也能发生相似的情况,但是铯和水的反应如此剧烈以至于可以和冷水反应。铯的自燃温度为-116°C,因此铯极度容易自燃,并且在空气中会发生爆炸性的燃烧,形成超氧化铯以及各种氧化物。超氧化铯是一种非常强的碱,可以迅速的腐蚀玻璃。",
"title": "铯"
},
{
"docid": "1068427#16",
"text": "更複雜的分類是,有許多推進劑包含雙基和復合推進劑的元素,它們通常包含一些均勻混合到粘合劑中的高能添加劑。在火藥(一種沒有聚合物粘合劑的壓制複合材料)的情況下,燃料是木炭,氧化劑是硝酸鉀,硫作為反應催化劑,同時也被消耗以形成各種反應產物,如硫化鉀。",
"title": "火箭推进剂"
},
{
"docid": "85073#29",
"text": "鋨金屬粉末可自燃。鋨在室溫下會和空氣中的氧反應,形成揮發性四氧化鋨。某些鋨化合物在有氧環境下也會轉變成四氧化鋨。",
"title": "锇"
},
{
"docid": "983142#2",
"text": "依據Pol Heyns的研究,贌可分為四種類型:",
"title": "贌"
},
{
"docid": "6214158#4",
"text": "上述分類可以依閃點及沸點再細分:",
"title": "易燃液體"
}
] | [
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2899573#0 | 中国古代有哪些著名天文学家? | [
{
"docid": "205159#27",
"text": "楚国是当时天文学最发达的诸侯国之一,楚国的职官中专设有大史和卜尹,负责观察星象、研究天文。《史记·天官书》列举了自远古高辛氏至战国时期的天文学家共十四人,其中有两位是楚国人,他们是甘德和唐昧。甘德长期观察研究天象,曾系统地观测了金、木、水、火、土五个行星的运行规律,精密记录了恒星的位置,编成恒星表,他还著有《岁星经》与《天文星占》两部著作,后人将《天文星占》与魏人石申所著《天文》两书合成一书,名为《甘石星经》,这是世界上第二古老的一份恒星表,僅次於巴比倫星表。",
"title": "楚文化"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1735202#14",
"text": "在10世纪,布韦希王朝鼓励进行天文学研究,建设了一个大型测量台,据著名天文学家,如Ibn al-Alam的历表所载,于950年在此做出了发现。伟大的天文学家阿尔苏飞,受到王子阿杜德·道萊的赞助,系统的修正了托勒密的星历。Sharaf al-Daula在巴格达也做出了类似的发现。Ibn Yunus和al-Zarqall的文献证明了那时就已使用复杂的工具。",
"title": "中古伊斯蘭天文學"
},
{
"docid": "1186801#0",
"text": "石申(),一作石申夫,公元前4世纪魏国人,战国天文学家、占星家,著有《天文》八卷。《史记·天官书》记载战国时期的著名天文学家云:“在齐,甘公;楚,唐昧;赵,尹皋;魏,石申。”《晋书·天文志上》则进一步说:“鲁有梓慎,晋有卜偃,郑有裨湛,宋有了韦,齐有甘德,楚有唐昧,赵有尹皋,魏有石申夫皆掌著天文,各论图经。”《史记正义》引南朝梁阮孝绪的《七录》说,“石申,魏人,战国时作《天文》八卷也。”",
"title": "石申"
},
{
"docid": "1264040#13",
"text": "天文历法方面,《夏小正》是中国历史上见诸于文献最早的历法。位于河南省的登封观星台和周公測景台是中国现存最古老的天文观测建筑。东汉时期出生于南阳的张衡发明了地动仪,并创立“浑天说”。唐代魏州昌乐(今河南省南乐县)人僧一行提出了“恒星自行”观点的时间比英国天文学家哈雷早1000年。",
"title": "中原文化"
},
{
"docid": "33083#10",
"text": "尽管中国人在记录天象上遥遥领先,但对宇宙本质规律的探索却停滞不前。中国人从未发现地球是球形的,亦未能提出一个基于逻辑、数学的宇宙体系。此外,中国古代天文学被皇权垄断,为了防止民众借天象造反,中国一直禁止民众私习天文,如有犯者,罪同造反,将被斩首,这也成为中国天文学落后的一个原因。",
"title": "天文学史"
},
{
"docid": "1735202#11",
"text": "其他重要的天文學家包括:Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi(約1266年)、纳西尔丁·图西(1201–1274年)、Qutb al-Din al Shirazi(1311年)、 Sadr al-Sharia al-Bukhari (1347年),Ibn al-Shatir (約1375年),及Ali al-Qushji(1474年)。",
"title": "中古伊斯蘭天文學"
},
{
"docid": "38859#78",
"text": "兩晉有名的科學家有地理學家裴秀、謝莊、歷史地理家杜預;天文學家虞聳、虞喜、醫學家王叔和、煉丹學及醫學家葛洪。西晉人裴秀任地官,為地圖學家。他收集史料,研究地圖,完成《禹貢地域圖》;科學的描繪出當時山脈水文的分布及行政區劃。他總結前人繪圖方法,提出製圖六體的方法:分率(比例大小)、準望(物體方位)、道里(道路距離)、高下、方邪及迂真(此三項代表地形起伏所帶來的誤差)。西晉人謝莊依各州地理制作木质地理模型《木方丈图》,可合併為全國地理模型。這成為中國最早製作的地理模型。喜愛春秋時期的西晉人杜預也繪製了《春秋盟会图》,紀錄該時期各诸侯国的都邑、盟會的分佈。",
"title": "晋朝"
},
{
"docid": "86#18",
"text": "到了西汉时期(公元前202年-公元8年),中医的阴阳五行理论已经非常完备,名医则有太仓公淳于意和公乘阳庆。东汉出现了著名医学家张仲景和华佗。张仲景完善了中医的辨证理论,他还是世界上第一个临床医学大师,被尊称为医圣。他著有《伤寒杂病论》、《疗妇人方》、《黄素方》、《口齿论》、《平病方》等等医书,最终流传下来的医书被后人编纂为《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》。张仲景采用辨证论治的基本原则,在《伤寒论》中归结为“八纲辨证”和“六经论治”,经由这两种方法辨证论治后,再采用“八法”(汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消)治疗疾病。“八纲辨证”是书中贯彻辨证论治的具体原则,所谓“八纲”(阴、阳、表、里、寒、热、虚、实)是运用“四诊”(望、闻、问、切)分析和检查疾病的部位、性质而归纳出来,“六经论治”是整个脏腑经络学说在临床医学上的具体运用。东汉末年,华佗则以精通外科手术和麻醉名闻天下,华佗是世界上第一个使用麻醉术进行手术的人,他发明的麻沸散是世界上已知最早的麻醉药物,还创立了世界上最早的健身体操“五禽戏”。可惜华佗所著医书的《青囊书》最后被付之一炬。在汉代,大量的医药和历算等书籍传入西藏(《西藏王统记》记载)。在汉代还出现了专门性的妇科医院,西汉时的“乳舍”,是世界上已知最早的妇产医院。",
"title": "中医学"
},
{
"docid": "402054#1",
"text": "正是有了以十八罗汉为主导的第一批地质学家们,中国的地质调查和地质研究工作才得以大规模进行,也取得举世瞩目的成果,例如北京人头盖骨的发掘,煤矿和油田的发现与开采等等。中国地质学早期的许多领袖人才,如谢家荣、王竹泉、叶良辅、李捷、谭锡畴、朱庭祜、李学清等先生,无疑都是十八罗汉中的佼佼者。",
"title": "中国地质科学十八罗汉"
},
{
"docid": "18619#51",
"text": "东汉时期中国传统医学得到进一步的发展,特别是东汉末期建安年间出现了著名中医学家张仲景和华佗等人,张仲景被后世被尊称为医圣,他完善了中医的理论和临床实践步骤,其著作著《伤寒杂病论》是中医史上第一部理、法、方、药具备的经典,极大的推动了中国传统医学的发展。而华佗史书记载是第一位利用麻醉技术对病人进行手术治疗的外科医生,他还创立了世界上最早的健身体操“五禽戏”。",
"title": "东汉"
}
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6487344#0 | 日本现在有哪些皇室成员? | [
{
"docid": "372904#7",
"text": "现在的所有皇室成员都为大正天皇和貞明皇后的后代,或其女性配偶。",
"title": "日本皇室"
},
{
"docid": "378951#0",
"text": "悠仁親王(;),日本皇室成员。秋篠宮文仁親王與文仁親王妃紀子的獨子,今上天皇德仁的皇侄,是目前最為年少的皇族,並被封位為親王。根據現在的皇室典範規定,悠仁親王為日本皇位繼承順位第二順位。其有兩名胞姊,分別是小室真子、佳子内親王。他是於他的父親秋篠宮文仁親王於1965年出生後41年來日本皇室的第一位男丁,由於是秋篠宮家、皇位的繼承人,所以並沒有宮號。",
"title": "悠仁親王"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "372904#0",
"text": "日本的皇室()包括天皇及皇族,具體的構成包括天皇與組成的「內廷」、加上其他男性皇族及其家庭組成的數個宮家。皇室成員没有姓氏,無选举权,不受日本的户籍法律管理,而有专门的《皇室典範》規範皇室的運作。",
"title": "日本皇室"
},
{
"docid": "372904#2",
"text": "所有皇室身份都是男系继承的,即皇族的子女、孙子女是皇族,而外孙子女不是。明治維新後規定,女性皇室成员(內亲王、女王)下嫁平民後即脫離皇籍,成为平民。女性皇族成员必須嫁给男性皇族成员,她的后代才会是皇族。",
"title": "日本皇室"
},
{
"docid": "372904#8",
"text": "由天皇、皇后、天皇的直系血親與未婚子女組成,其中天皇以外的內廷成員稱為「內廷皇族」,皇太子的家庭則稱為「東宮家」。 日本皇室的管理机构是宫內厅。宫內厅有一千多名职员,其中很多高官出身华族。天皇和皇太子及其家族成員的生活费被称为“內廷费”,近年是大约三亿日圓。其他皇室成员的生活费被称作“皇族费”,每名成年男性成员每年获得皇族费2700万日圓,而秋篠宮文仁親王一家每年能得到皇族费4600万日圓,得子之后会更多。皇室的收入来源主要是股票投资。天皇的皇居中有160名佣人。",
"title": "日本皇室"
},
{
"docid": "923124#0",
"text": "守谷絢子(,),原日本皇室成员。為高圓宮憲仁親王(已卒)與憲仁親王妃久子之三女,有二姊承子女王、千家典子。婚前為絢子女王,皇室典範敬稱殿下,徽章印為葛。2018年嫁給守谷慧後,脫離日本皇室成為平民並冠上夫姓。",
"title": "守谷絢子"
},
{
"docid": "372904#4",
"text": "日本现行的《皇室典範》规定,女性皇族無法繼承皇位,成年後也不像男性皇族能創設宮家,而降嫁後便自動脫離皇籍成為平民。",
"title": "日本皇室"
},
{
"docid": "5994063#0",
"text": "百合子(,)婚前名高木百合子(),日本皇族,出身自華族高木子爵家,為三笠宮崇仁親王的親王妃。勳等為勳一等寶冠章,身位親王妃、依《皇室典範》其敬稱為殿下。徽章印為桐()。她也是皇室會議的備位議員()以及公益社團法人日本紅十字會名譽副總裁。2016年(平成28年),丈夫崇仁親王薨逝后,成為現今日本皇室中最年長的皇室成員,也是現存唯一在大正時代出生的皇室成員。",
"title": "崇仁親王妃百合子"
},
{
"docid": "589875#4",
"text": "但是,對於目前的日本皇室,皇位再次由女性繼位的情況在未來似乎無法避免,因目前皇族最年輕一代的成員中,除去2006年出生的秋篠宮悠仁親王以外,全數皆為女王或內親王(公主),而除秋篠宮家外的所有宮家不是即將斷嗣,就是只生下女性皇族。新一代的皇室成員中只有一位男性,對於皇位的繼承是相當不穩定的,而依照現行的《皇室典範》,由於女性皇族一旦嫁給平民將不再是皇族,其後代亦不會是皇族,因此在所有未婚的女性皇族全數出嫁後,在未來所謂的日本皇室,將只剩下悠仁親王及他未來的妻小這一家,別無旁人。因此在悠仁親王出生前,日本政府曾著手進行修改《皇室典範》,以讓女性皇族(如敬宮愛子內親王)能夠繼位,以保證皇位繼承的穩當性;但日本雖曾出現數位女性天皇、但過去的女性天皇不是守寡就是終生未嫁,在允許女性天皇之外、也要打破傳統允許她與非日本皇室男子生育子女才能解決繼承問題,否則女性天皇也只是剝奪女性皇族的生育權並把繼承權問題拖延一代而已;且在悠仁親王出生後,雖然鬆緩皇位繼承的急迫性,修改《皇室典範》的程序也被擱置下來,但皇位繼承問題終究只是暫時解決,除非有更多的男性皇族誕生,或是將來悠仁親王成年後能穩當地增加男性皇族數量,或修改《皇室典範》允許男性皇族領養舊宮家男嗣,否則皇位繼承危機將再度復燃。",
"title": "女性天皇"
},
{
"docid": "372904#1",
"text": "依据神话与传说,以及日本姓氏的来源,天皇與皇族均只有名字而沒有姓氏。过去几个世纪以来,男子的名字以“仁”(,hito)结尾,女子的名字以“子”(,ko)结尾。历史上有少量例外。皇室成員皆有稱號。一般來說,直系三代以內皇子、皇孙子称“亲王”,皇女称“內亲王”;直系三代之外皇孙称“王”,皇孙女称“女王”。在皇室財力較弱的時例外,曾經有過只有天皇嫡子女才有親王、內親王之位號,庶子女則封為王和女王。从前“女王”的称号只可到直系第六代皇孙女,明治天皇之后这一限制取消。另外还有“皇太子”、“皇太孙”、“皇后”、“皇太后”、“太皇太后”、“王妃”等称呼,意义与中文的相同。天皇的子嗣誕生後,在正式命名之前會先有一個「御稱號」(即幼名),如昭和天皇从前称「迪宫」、上皇(明仁)从前称「继宫」、今上天皇(德仁)從前稱「浩宮」。除了皇太子之外,其他皇子在成年或成婚后,会經宮內廳批准建立一个宮家,並由天皇下賜一個「宮號」,大多以「○○宮」/「○宮」形式命名。明治維新後,天皇、皇后、太上天皇、皇太后、太皇太后敬称“陛下”,其餘皇族敬称“殿下”。天皇去世为“崩御”(駕崩),其余的皇族去世为“薨去”。",
"title": "日本皇室"
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1276217#0 | 壮族主要分布在中国哪里? | [
{
"docid": "8366#0",
"text": "壮族(旧称族,壮文:Bouxcuengh),是中华人民共和国以及越南两国人口最多的少数民族,为古代百越族的一支(西瓯),主要分佈在广西壮族自治区、云南、广东、贵州以及越南北部地区。北支壮族的主体支系之一\"布依\"支系在贵州省境内被划分为独立的布依族;而广西境内的布依支系则与其他北支壮族以及南支壮族一起归为壮族;越南境内主要为南支壮族,其中又以“布泰”支系与“布侬”支系最多,被分别独立为岱依族与侬族;越南境内的北支壮族因人少较少,长期受到其他民族或南支壮族影响,从而又被划分为较为传统的北支布依族(人数最少);风俗习惯上受到其他民族影响的热依族;以及南、北支混合族群山泽族。壮族先人在中國古代曾先後称獠、溪峒蛮、乌浒。宋代始称为撞、僮、仲,明清有称为僮人、良人、土人。1949年中華人民共和國成立前写作,1949年後改为单人旁的僮字,统称族,直到周恩来倡议在1965年改“僮”为“壮”。",
"title": "壮族"
},
{
"docid": "8366#19",
"text": "壮族聚居于广西壮族自治区、云南东部的文山壮族苗族自治州全境,以及曲靖师宗、红河河口;广西毗邻的其他省份均有聚居,包括广东西部的清远连山、肇庆怀集,黔东南的从江、黎平,湖南西南部的永州江华等地,其余因工作、升学就业散居各地。",
"title": "壮族"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "211507#15",
"text": "湖南壮族集中地为永州市,永州有壮族人口14,757人,占全省壮族人口的62.64%,主要分布于江华瑶族自治县,集聚地在清塘壮族乡。湖南壮族是元、明时期宾州(今宾阳县)、贺县迁来,长期与瑶族、汉族杂居,通用汉语文,但仍保留壮语。在文学、艺术和生活习俗等方面有显著民族特色。",
"title": "湖南人口"
},
{
"docid": "42762#17",
"text": "在中国大陆,客家人主要分布在广东省、福建省、江西省、广西壮族自治区、四川省、湖南省、海南省的二百多个县市。其中江西南部、福建西部和广东东部、中部是客家人最集中的大本营。除此之外,也有较少部分客家人分布在陕西省、浙江省等地。",
"title": "客家民系"
},
{
"docid": "158655#5",
"text": "中國大陸境内的京族主要分布在广西壮族自治区东兴市江平镇的巫头-万尾半島和山心島,俗称“京族三岛”,其祖先為16世纪初开始陆续从越南北部的涂山等地迁徙而来的,至今约有500年的历史,基本上現代中國京族普遍能够通用粤语和汉字,2000年人口普查京族人口22,584人,但这一数字不包括在中国大陆学习或工作的36,205名越南公民。",
"title": "京族"
},
{
"docid": "453#22",
"text": "广西是多民族聚居的自治区,有壮、汉、瑶、苗、侗、仫佬、毛南、回、京、彝、水、仡佬等12个世居民族,其中壮、侗、仫佬、毛南、京、水、仡佬为珠江流域土著原住民族,汉、瑶、苗、回、彝 分属于汉朝以后不同朝代由黄河长江流域迁入广西,岭南东部被改土归流实行编户齐民的壮族先民为广西汉族主要来源。 。",
"title": "广西壮族自治区"
},
{
"docid": "1049822#12",
"text": "在中国的部分地区,一些民族自古就生活在中国与越南。同朝鲜族一样,他们被认为是属于中国56个民族之一的京族。中国境內的京族祖先是16世纪初开始陆续从越南北部的涂山等地迁徙而来的,至今约有500年的历史。其主要分布在广西壮族自治区东兴市江平镇的巫头、澫尾(万尾)、山心三个海岛,俗称“京族三岛”,基本上能够通用粤语和漢字。据2000年的统计,京族有人口2.25万人,此不包括在中国工作和留学的越南人。也有少部分在华印支难民为越南京族人。",
"title": "越僑"
},
{
"docid": "1264361#3",
"text": "同朝鲜族一样,他们被认为是属于中国56个民族之一的京族。中国境內的京族祖先是16世纪初开始陆续从越南北部的涂山等地迁徙而来的,至今约有500年的历史。其主要分布在广西壮族自治区东兴市江平镇的巫头(巫头村)、澫尾(万尾村、万西村、万东村)、山心(山心村、贵明村)三个海岛,俗称“京族三岛”,基本上能够通用粤语和漢字。据2000年的统计,京族有人口2.25万人,此不包括在中国工作和留学的越南籍京人。",
"title": "京族三岛"
},
{
"docid": "8366#13",
"text": "在“壮泰走廊”形成并发展的漫长岁月当中,由于云贵高原北部的藏缅语族民族(彝语支民族为主)的南下,以及越南京族政权的兴起并脱离中国的中央王朝政权取得独立后不断地向其北面的壮族地区和其西面的泰族地区扩张,两者开始形成了对壮-泰族先民的钳状制约力量,壮泰民族从漫长的壮泰走廊分布变化为逐渐分离局面,也导致了现在壮族先民与现代泰族先民失去了紧密联系,终于产生了壮泰民族的最终分化。从现在民族的分布图来看,壮族分布与泰族(包括老族、傣族、掸族等)分布呈一个葫芦状,壮族的分布区和泰族的分布区为葫芦的两大瓢,而两者之间唯一的连续点就是越南西北泰族地区和云南文山州的壮族地区,可以窥视出壮泰迁徙历史的一些脉络。",
"title": "壮族"
},
{
"docid": "78405#0",
"text": "壯語(;老壯文:;方塊壯字:話僮)是对壮族所说的一系列壯侗語系侗台语族壯傣語支语言的统称,壯語的使用者大部分居住在中国南部的广西壮族自治区,以及与其毗邻的云南省和广东省部分地区。",
"title": "壮语"
}
] | [
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] |
518681#0 | 苏联解体成为哪几个国家? | [
{
"docid": "5177922#5",
"text": "苏联解体后,该地区出现了一些国际组织和联合体。波罗的海三国没有加入这些后苏联组织中的任何一个,它们的路线最初就是明确地融入西方世界(包括加入欧盟和北约)。还有一些国际组织,这些组织全部或大部分由后苏联国家组成。 独立国家联合体(СНГ)是后苏联地区最大的国家间组织,旨在发展政治,经济,人道主义,文化和其他领域的合作。它曾经包括除波罗的海国家以外的所有苏联前共和国。土库曼斯坦是独联体的“准成员”,格鲁吉亚在南奥塞梯战争后宣布退出独联体,但于2009年8月18日不再成为独联体成员,乌克兰在俄罗斯吞并克里米亚后也宣布退出。",
"title": "後蘇聯國家"
},
{
"docid": "22543#2",
"text": "本届奥运一共有172个国家和地区的奥运代表团参加。由于苏联解体的关系,15个前苏联加盟共和国中的12个国家组成了独立国家联合体来参加本届奥运,而波罗的海沿岸三国——爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛则各自以独立的奥运代表团来参加。由于南斯拉夫解体的缘故,克罗地亚、斯洛文尼亚和波黑均以独立国家身份参赛,而南斯拉夫因正受联合国制裁则只能派出以“独立奥林匹克参赛者”身份报名的运动员来参加本届奥运。",
"title": "1992年夏季奥林匹克运动会"
},
{
"docid": "113863#18",
"text": "1991年底,苏联解体,苏军装备被15个独立的原苏联加盟共和国的武装力量所继承,苏联军队也在1992年5月7日被更名为俄罗斯军队。苏军的核武器则被俄罗斯、乌克兰、白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦四国继承,但白俄罗斯、乌克兰和哈萨克斯坦在1996年将境内所有核武器移交给俄罗斯,三国成为无核国家。原先驻扎在东欧国家的苏联军队在苏联解体后依旧驻扎在这些国家,在之后的几年里这些军队才陆续撤回俄罗斯境内,最后一名驻扎在东欧国家的苏军士兵在1999年10月离开波罗的海国家返回俄罗斯。",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
},
{
"docid": "5295#21",
"text": "苏联解体后,中亚五国获得独立。但在独立后的早期,前共产党官员依然掌握着权力,其中的任何一个国家都难以称得上是一个民族国家。但是在吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦以及蒙古国,官方采取了一些开明政策;而在乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦,政府依然维持着苏维埃体制。",
"title": "中亚"
},
{
"docid": "5413#6",
"text": "1991年苏联解体的同时,由原苏联加盟共和国俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和乌克兰于12月8日签署协议成立。至1991年12月22日為止,有11个原苏联加盟共和国作为创始国加入独联体,分別是阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、摩尔多瓦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、乌克兰和土库曼斯坦。土库曼斯坦没有批准过獨立國家聯合體宪章,即从来没有成为独立国家联合体官方成员国,并且于2005年8月26日在喀山會議上宣佈改变其地位为準會員國,以保持其国际中立國地位。格鲁吉亚則於1993年12月加入,2008年8月因南奥塞梯戰爭,宣佈退出。乌克兰没有批准过独立国家联合体宪章,即从来没有成为独立国家联合体官方成员国,到2014年3月,因克里米亞危機,乌克兰已将一份有关退出独联体的決議草案提交至烏克蘭最高拉達,并于2018年4月12日宣布将正式退出。所有的前蘇聯加盟共和國中,只有波罗的海国家立陶宛、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚始終拒绝加入此組織。",
"title": "獨立國家聯合體"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "285855#33",
"text": "1991年12月,戈尔巴乔夫宣布辞去蘇聯總統的职务,随后苏联解体,15个苏联加盟共和国获得独立,成为主权国家。这些原苏联加盟共和国在苏联解体后,全部放弃了共产主义,并且大多数实行了民主改革和自由市场经济。在苏联解体前后,原苏联境内的加盟共和國領土阿布哈茲共和国、纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫共和国、南奥塞梯共和国、德涅斯特河沿岸摩尔达维亚共和国也先后宣布独立,但并没有得到国际上的广泛承认,這些自治共和國被認為由俄羅斯實際控制。",
"title": "民族自決"
},
{
"docid": "11794#0",
"text": "苏联解体()以发生在1991年12月25日的苏联总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫辞职为象徵,蘇聯最高蘇維埃于次日(1991年12月26日)通過決議宣佈苏联停止存在,立国69年的苏联從此正式解體,蘇聯作為主權國家不復存在,原本15個組成國也恢復了主權地位。苏联解体代表着自第二次世界大战结束后持续了近半个世纪的冷战和两极格局的结束,并且使在雅尔塔会议形成的雅尔塔体系瓦解,很多原来被苏联控制的欧洲主權国家在苏联解体后获得了真正的外交自主权,美国也在苏联解体后成为世界上唯一的超级大国。",
"title": "苏联解体"
},
{
"docid": "11794#38",
"text": "1991年12月26日,苏联最高苏维埃通过最后一项决议,就苏联停止存在和建立独立国家联合体一事发表宣言,并通过议会关于苏联及联盟国家政权机构和管理机构的法律继承问题的决议,苏联就此正式解体。",
"title": "苏联解体"
},
{
"docid": "90231#9",
"text": "1991年12月25日,苏联解体,俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国最高苏维埃决定将国家正式名称改为俄罗斯联邦,简称俄罗斯。俄罗斯和除波羅的海三國与格鲁吉亚之外的其他加盟共和国一同组成了独立国家联合体,俄罗斯继承了苏联在联合国安理会的席位,成为联合国常任理事国之一。",
"title": "俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国"
},
{
"docid": "70484#26",
"text": "1991年8月19日,苏共中的保守派发动了一场不成功的政变,试图收回下放给加盟共和国的权力,同时终止不成功的经济改革。但是在人民、大多数苏共党员的反对及部分军队的倒戈下,政变仅仅维持3天便宣告失败。8月24日,苏联第二大加盟共和国乌克兰宣布独立。联盟开始走向解体。俄罗斯总统叶利钦下令宣布苏共为非法组织,并限制其在苏联境内的活动。在1991年年底,他同白俄罗斯最高苏维埃主席及乌克兰总统克拉夫丘克在白俄罗斯的首府明斯克签署《别洛韦日协议》,成立独立国家联合体,从建立一个类似英联邦的架构来取代苏联。苏联其他加盟国纷纷响应,离开苏联,苏联在此时已经名存实亡。1991年12月25日,戈尔巴乔夫宣布辞职,将国家权力移交给叶利钦。苏联作为一个主权国家正式停止存在而灭亡。 \"有关苏联解体的详细历史,请参看:苏联解体条目\"",
"title": "苏联历史"
}
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7523029#0 | 俄罗斯国旗有哪几种颜色? | [
{
"docid": "6164#3",
"text": "自2006年5月9日胜利日阅兵始,俄罗斯国旗开始和胜利旗一同出现。然而俄罗斯的老兵组织对俄罗斯国旗的使用产生了异议,认为在卫国战争中现今的俄罗斯三色国旗是德国一方的弗拉索夫领导的俄罗斯解放军所使用的旗帜。在一封致俄罗斯总统的公开信中写道:",
"title": "俄羅斯國旗"
},
{
"docid": "6164#2",
"text": "1883年5月7日这面旗帜正式成为俄罗斯帝国国旗,1917年十月革命后三色旗被取代。第二次世界大战期间,亲纳粹的俄罗斯解放军曾使用该旗帜。1991年8月21日这面旗帜再次被采用,成为独立的俄罗斯联邦的国旗。但当时所采用的国旗比例仍为苏联时期的1:2 而且當時配色為腥紅 天藍 白,在1993年憲政危機以后俄罗斯国旗的比例被修改为2:3配色也改回沙俄時期的配色。",
"title": "俄羅斯國旗"
},
{
"docid": "1318689#3",
"text": "金星勋章的设计在2553-I法令中已经被详细地说明,设计与苏联英雄的勋章十分相似。色带是一个长方形的悬挂装置,高19.5mm,宽15mm,颜色是象征着俄罗斯国旗的红、白和蓝三色。色带下面吊着的五角星直径为15mm,表面并没有任何设计。在反面,有2x4mm的凸字体俄罗斯英雄(),在顶部有一个1mm大的序号。序号显示了这个奖项被颁发的次数(例如SN164说明该勋章是第164被颁发的)。在色带的背面,有一个由针和钩组成的扣紧装置,目的是把勋章系在衣服上。勋章由金制造,重大约21.5克。",
"title": "俄罗斯联邦英雄"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6164#4",
"text": "俄罗斯国旗的颜色有多种象征意义,但俄罗斯官方对此并没有解释。流行的解读如下",
"title": "俄羅斯國旗"
},
{
"docid": "472137#7",
"text": "紅色是古代白俄罗斯军队击败十字军凯旋的代表颜色,也是在苏德战争中反抗德國赢得解放的苏联红军与白俄罗斯游击队旗帜的颜色,也象徵光榮的過去。綠色代表占白俄罗斯国土面积1/3的森林與田地,也象徵春天、欣欣向榮的大地與未來的希望。而盧卡申科總統指紅色是指自由和國家的祖先犧牲,而綠色是指生命。",
"title": "白俄罗斯国旗"
},
{
"docid": "5634619#10",
"text": "12月20日,国际奥委会公布了获得批准的俄罗斯奥林匹克运动员队伍的队服以及标志。根据国际奥委会规定,该队队服既不允许俄罗斯国旗中的全部三种颜色同时出现,也不允许使用任何象征俄罗斯的设计元素。标志方面,国际奥委会规定标志上所有文字的字体与大小必须保持一致,同时文字的大小应当与制服和装备相协调。",
"title": "2018年冬季奥林匹克运动会俄罗斯奥林匹克运动员"
},
{
"docid": "5635115#14",
"text": "以色列特拉维夫市政厅被俄罗斯国旗色灯光照亮。在布鲁塞尔,与一年前的做法相似,ING集团大楼也打出俄罗斯国旗飘扬的动画。而一些欧洲地标建筑如埃菲尔铁塔和勃兰登堡门等,并未如往常其他地方(主要是西方国家)遭受袭击之后一样,点亮俄罗斯国旗颜色的灯光,引发了一些人士的不满,被指“双重标准”。",
"title": "2017年聖彼得堡地鐵爆炸案"
},
{
"docid": "735146#1",
"text": "2012年起,白俄罗斯政府修改了国旗和国徽的视觉风格。2020年2月,白俄罗斯议会考虑对该国徽图案和样式进行更新,其中国徽地球仪将以白俄罗斯为中心,地球颜色并改为红色,并显示了更多的欧洲的版图而不是俄罗斯的疆土。2021年1月7日,白俄罗斯新版本的国徽以第83-3号法令对外发布。",
"title": "白俄罗斯国徽"
},
{
"docid": "5586145#0",
"text": "新俄罗斯联邦国旗是由白、黄、黑组成的三色旗。2014年8月13日公开的新俄罗斯军旗,改编自俄罗斯海军的圣安德烈十字军旗;上有俄文国名新俄罗斯联邦和双头鹰国徽。",
"title": "新俄罗斯联邦国旗"
},
{
"docid": "3064230#15",
"text": "自2006年5月9日胜利日阅兵始,胜利旗不再单独入场,而和俄罗斯国旗一同出现。然而俄罗斯的老兵组织对俄罗斯国旗的使用产生了异议,认为在卫国战争中现今的俄罗斯三色国旗是德国一方的弗拉索夫领导的俄罗斯解放军所使用的旗帜。在一封致俄罗斯总统的公开信中写道:",
"title": "胜利旗"
}
] | [
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57721#0 | 世界上有哪几种主要语言? | [
{
"docid": "37075#27",
"text": "目前人類使用的語言大约有7200种,其中只有约2000种有自己的文字。世界上分布最广泛的语言有漢語(中文)、英语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语、葡萄牙语、俄语、義大利语、法语和德语等。根据东英吉利大学的人口生态学家威廉·萨瑟兰对6809种语言的分析来看,将近1/3的语言处于非常危险的地步,有46种语言分别-{只有}-一人能够掌握。大部分语言是人类进化过程中自然形成的,但也有少数语言是在某个时候被人为创造出来的,它们被称为人工语言(或人造语言),比如世界语。",
"title": "人"
},
{
"docid": "5982167#91",
"text": "印欧语系语言的使用者最多,达全球人口的46%,其中包括了英语、西班牙语、俄语、印度斯坦语(印地语和乌尔都语)等主要语言。它们首先经民族大迁徙(公元400—800年)扩散到欧亚大陆各处,而后又随着欧洲的殖民扩张在非洲和美洲取得了政治上乃至规模上的主导地位。汉藏语系语言占全球人口的20%,主要分布在东亚,包括汉语的官话、客家话、粤语,及其他数百种更小的语言。",
"title": "語言"
},
{
"docid": "433426#3",
"text": "汉族是世界上人口最多的民族,占有世界16%的人口。其次是孟加拉族,约占世界人口的2.8%。世界上最多人使用的母语是中文漢語,全世界有16.47%的人口在使用;其次是西班牙语(4.85%),随后是英语(4.83%)、阿拉伯语(3.25%)和印地语(2.68%)。世界上最多人口信仰的宗教是基督教,约占有31.35%的人口;其次是伊斯兰教,占有24.43%;第三是印度教,约占有13.78%。 在2005年,全世界有16%的人没有宗教信仰。",
"title": "世界人口"
},
{
"docid": "2973297#5",
"text": "新加坡使用多种语言,反映出其丰富的语言多样性。该地区的两种主要语言是马来语(土著人民的语言)和普通话,是新加坡的官方语言,泰米尔语则由少数印度人说。英语,事实上的主要语言,也被选为不同背景和种族的新加坡人之间的通用语言。 从历史上看,福建语在不同的中国方言中被广泛用作民族语言,在与中国人交流的其他种族中也被广泛使用,尽管新加坡语中广东话,海南语和潮州语的使用也较少。 但是,这种方言逐渐被普通话所取代,政府认为这是保持与中国文化联系的一种方式。 在第二次世界大战期间,新加坡受日本统治,因此一些新加坡人,尤其是老一辈人,能够以日语进行母语交流,尽管这种人数正在减少。",
"title": "新加坡文化"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "5982167#96",
"text": "目前尚不清楚世界上总共有多少种语言,其统计取决于很多因素。一般认为截至2010年,世界上共有6,000至7,000种语言,其中50%至90%将在2100年前灭绝。世界上50%的人口使用排名前20种语言,每种语言都超过5000万人,而其他许多语言都只在小范围使用,其中大部分语言的使用者不到1万人。",
"title": "語言"
},
{
"docid": "808860#3",
"text": "北京大学的徐通锵和胡吉成两位教授将世界语言分类为13个语系,45个语族。这种分类依據民族起源、语言发展等诸多因素,再參考世界各国(特别是俄罗斯语言学家)对语言分类的方式後歸納而成的,基本上与世界上广泛采用的语言系、属、归类相吻合。这13个语系是:以下依照地理区的划分,分類 \"Ethnologue: Languages of the World (2005)\" 和 \"The Linguist List\" 所列的世界上主要语系。必須注意,地理区的划分只是为了方便读者对世界上各语系的地理位置有基本的概念,并不意味被归为同一地理区的语系有语言学上的亲属关系,更不表示这些地理区可以构成语系和语系之间的“大语系”。最后一节是一些语言学者所提议过的“大语系”,但是这些概念都还有争议,并不被多数语言学家认可。",
"title": "语系列表"
},
{
"docid": "24261#0",
"text": "亚非语系,又称非亞語系、非洲-亞洲語系或阿非罗-亚细亚语系,旧称闪含语系或閃米特-含米特語系,是现今世界的主要语系之一,包含300种语言,主要分布在亚洲西部的阿拉伯半岛、非洲北部和非洲之角。全球有5亿人母语为亚非语系语言,使之成为世界上母语人口第4多的语系,位在印欧语系、汉藏语系和尼日尔-刚果语系之后。亚非语系包括六个不同的语族:柏柏尔语族、乍得语族、闪米特语族、库希特语族、奥摩语族和已灭绝的埃及语族。亚非语系中使用人数最多的语言是现代标准阿拉伯语,而如果包括所有阿拉伯语变体的母语人口在内,亚非语系的“阿拉伯语”共有3.1亿人作为母语,广泛分布在西亚、北非和东非地区。其他广泛使用的亚非语系语言还包括豪萨语、奥罗莫语、阿姆哈拉语、索马里语、希伯来语、提格里尼亚语、卡拜尔语、亚拉姆语和中阿特拉斯柏柏尔语。除上述的现存主要语言之外,许多具有极大历史价值的已灭绝语言也属于亚非语系,如埃及语、阿卡德语、圣经希伯来语和古亚拉姆语等。",
"title": "亚非语系"
},
{
"docid": "4359#14",
"text": "按使用人口排行,四大主要语言包括:最普遍的宗教信仰为:其它信仰包括锡克教、佛教、印度教、巴哈伊信仰以及各种美洲原住民宗教。",
"title": "美洲"
},
{
"docid": "1180#2",
"text": "英语是世界上母语人口第三多的语言(仅次于汉语和西班牙语),也是全世界最多國家的官方語言,有将近六十个国家(英语国家)使用英语做为唯一的官方语言或主要官方语言之一。它是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和紐西蘭五国的通用语言,也在加勒比、非洲及南亚的部分地区被广泛使用。英语也是学习者最多的第一外語,是联合国、欧盟和许多其他国际组织的官方语言之一或唯一官方语言。",
"title": "英语"
},
{
"docid": "1153167#0",
"text": "南高加索语系又称卡特维尔语系(),世界上主要语系之一,属于高加索诸语言。语言人口约520万,主要分布于格鲁吉亚,也有少量分布在土耳其、阿塞拜疆、伊朗、俄罗斯和以色列。又可细分为斯凡语、赞语族(Zan languages,包括明格列尔语、拉兹语),和格鲁吉亚语。下属语言主要以格鲁吉亚语字母书写。",
"title": "南高加索语系"
}
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595540#0 | 广州有哪些高新技术产业? | [
{
"docid": "1329#50",
"text": "广州在近年大力发展高新技术产业,是“中国制造2025”的试点城市之一。早在1991年3月,广州就成立了全国首批国家级高新区之一的广州高新技术产业开发区。2010年,由中华人民共和国和新加坡两国合作推动的中新廣州知識城奠基,将重点发展科技创新、高端制造业、人工智能和知识产权保护等领域,目前引进了GE生物科技园、百济神州、中新国际联合研究院、冷泉港實驗室等研发项目和机构。2011年,广州国际生物岛(官洲岛)正式开放,定位为国际生物医药创新中心,推动广州发展生物医药产业,目前有132家企业签约落户。2017年3月,广州宣布将发展新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物医药等新兴产业,实现从三大支柱产业到“IAB“计划的升级。2018年,广州新增高新技术企业超过3000家,总数从2015年的1,919家增加至2018年的1.1万家,新增数量位居全国第三。",
"title": "广州市"
},
{
"docid": "486#36",
"text": "深圳的工业以高新技术产业为主,2015年工业增加值6743.1亿,其中高新技术产业实现增加值5847.9亿元,增长13.0%,占生产总值的33.4%,是深圳的第一大支柱产业。深圳每年都要定期举办“中国国际高新技术成果交易会”,集中展示高科技工业品。深圳高新技术产业已具备相当规模,形成了以电子信息产业为主导的高新技术产业集群,成为全国高新技术成果产业化的重要基地,主要包括电子信息、生物医药以及新能源、新材料产业三大领域。",
"title": "深圳市"
},
{
"docid": "506326#0",
"text": "珠海高新技术产业开发区是中国广东省珠海市的国家级高新技术产业开发区,簡稱高新区,由中国国务院在1992年12月批准成立,属于珠海市人民政府直接管辖。珠海高新技术产业开发区主园区位于唐家湾镇,下辖唐家湾主园区、南屏科技工业园、三灶科技工业园、新青科技工业园、富山科技工业园、航空产业园以及横琴高新技术和科研研发园区等多园,总面积369.34平方千米。2015年9月,国务院批复同意珠海高新区建设国家自主创新示范区。",
"title": "珠海高新技术产业开发区"
},
{
"docid": "4507669#2",
"text": "建成国内一流、国际上有影响的高新技术产业园区,成为深圳市高新技术产业发展的主要基地。高新区的重点发展产业是:电子信息、生物工程、新材料、光机电一体化等四大产业,其中电子信息产业是高新区的重点支柱产业。",
"title": "深圳科技园"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "136019#8",
"text": "桂林国家高新技术产业开发区是国务院批准建立的第一批国家级高新技术开发区之一,在全国五个少数民族自治区中为首例,以电子与信息、新材料、环保、生物医药、机电一体化为支柱,其中电子信息产业最为强盛,占全广西总量的三分之二以上。2001年,高新区规模企业的工业总产值占全桂林市的四分之一,每年实际利用外资占桂林市的三分之一强。目前该高新区拥有各类企业156家,三资企业283家,开发、实施高新技术项目总计682项余,拥有具有自主知识产权的产品超过300多个。目前正在建设发展的漓东科技新城按照“三园两带一中心”的结构布局,“三园”分别为信息园(占地4.2平米公里)、英才园(占地6.3平方公里)、铁山园(占地7.52平方公里),已有入园企业42家;“两带”为桂磨高新技术产业带、堤园大道旅游观光生态景观带;“一中心”为湖塘行政中心。华侨旅游新城位于华侨农场,三面为漓江所环绕,是漓江游船的起点码头,未来将发展“码头经济”,以观光旅游、商业购物、休闲度假为主,同时结合高新技术产业。",
"title": "七星区"
},
{
"docid": "3450501#1",
"text": "截止2006年8月,已拥有各类企业1000多家,其中高新技术企业196家,三资企业300多家。美国、英国、法国、芬兰、韩国、日本、澳大利亚等国家及港台地区的客商在桂林国家高新区创办了外资企业,世界著名的诺基亚公司、NEC公司在中国大陆创办的第一家生产性企业就建在桂林国家高新技术产业开发区。累计实施高新技术项目1300多项,其中国家级火炬项目135项,开发自主知识产权产品682个,拥有国际唯一产品7个,国内唯一产品45个。初步形成了电子信息、生物医药、光机电一体化、新材料、环境保护等主要产业,其中电子信息产业占广西总量的2/3以上。",
"title": "桂林高新技术产业开发区"
},
{
"docid": "2894247#1",
"text": "广州科学城是广州市高新技术产业开发区的核心,属黄埔区,它的面积是37.5平方公里。东边是开发区东区,北边是白云区,南边是珠江,西边是广州新城市中心珠江新城。",
"title": "广州科学城"
},
{
"docid": "5921748#6",
"text": "2018年2月28日,茂名高新技术产业开发区升级为国家高新技术产业开发区。",
"title": "广东茂名滨海新区"
},
{
"docid": "7263043#0",
"text": "京津石高新技术产业带,范围包括位于北京市、天津市、保定市和石家庄市的四个国家级高新技术产业开发区,是中国大陆三大高新技术产业带之一(珠江三角洲、沪宁杭、京津石)。该产业带拥有中关村国家自主创新示范区、天津滨海高新技术产业开发区、石家庄高新技术产业开发区和保定高新技术产业开发区四大核心园区,智力资源密集,仅北京中关村就坐落有北京大学、清华大学等知名高校和中国科学院的众多研究所。",
"title": "京津石高新技术产业带"
},
{
"docid": "15807#20",
"text": "衡阳市高新技术产业开发区是1992年6月8日经湖南省人民政府批准成立的首批湖南省重点开发区,现为国家高新技术产业开发区。总面积15.09平方公里,下辖1个街道、4个社区居委会、8个村民管理处,现有常住人口10万余人。 衡阳市委、市政府、市政务服务中心、衡阳海关以及市各部办、委、局75家,省管单位10家,大型企业20余家,中学3所,五星级酒店1家(林隐假日大酒店),为华南北部地区(湘中南、赣南、粤北、桂北地区)高新技术产业聚集区和湖南南部政治行政中心所在地。 衡阳高新区已建成了生产力促进中心、科技创业服务中心、电子信息创业园等创新创业平台,拥有1.5万平方米的科技企业孵化器,形成了新能源装备制造、生物制药、军事通信及电子信息、汽车零部件及特种车辆、新材料等五大产业集群,培育了具有国际国内影响力的高新技术产业和战略性新兴产业。已成为引领衡阳产业结构调整和发展方式转变,带动湘南地区高新技术产业发展的“引擎”。",
"title": "衡阳市"
}
] | [
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] |
489794#0 | 台湾有哪些篮球队? | [
{
"docid": "690#145",
"text": "臺灣籃球在1994年到1999年間曾經有中華職業籃球聯盟,後來演變為超級籃球聯賽(SBL),現有臺北達欣工程、桃園璞園建築、台灣啤酒、富邦勇士、金門酒廠、臺灣銀行和裕隆納智捷等七隊。",
"title": "臺灣"
},
{
"docid": "5718149#27",
"text": "台灣以前最高等級的足球聯賽是企業足球聯賽,2008年共有台電、大同、國訓、富邦、鴻鑫北體、悍創、Molten佐儀、義聯集團8支球隊參加,其中只有台電、大同2隊是半職業化球隊,其餘各隊均以服兵役及學生選手為主,於2008年因賽制改變而停辦。 台灣目前最高等級的足球聯賽是台灣企業甲級足球聯賽。",
"title": "台灣體育"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "5425727#0",
"text": "中国国家男子奥运篮球队(又称中国国奥队、国奥队),代表中华人民共和国的一支第二成年篮球队。成立于2012年3月15日。前身为中国国家男子篮球二队。在中国国家男子篮球队有其他重要比赛时,替补参加亚洲篮球锦标赛、亞洲挑戰盃籃球賽、东亚男篮锦标赛、东亚运动会(已停办)、东亚青年运动会,以及其他一些篮球邀请赛。球队由中国篮球协会主管。",
"title": "中国国家男子奥运篮球队"
},
{
"docid": "3742010#1",
"text": "由于台湾方面长期以来以棒球、篮球运动为主,而足球运动却无法得到发展,再加上台湾体委会(今教育部體育署)长期以“足球成绩差”为由,拒绝足球队参赛。因此长期以来台湾足球被称为“足球沙漠”。",
"title": "中华台北大学生足球队"
},
{
"docid": "362199#3",
"text": "論其普及度與運動人口等,籃球為台灣主要運動之一,加上業餘籃球運動SBL的成立,1988年僅有129隊伍參賽的HBL直至2000年代已有269隊。",
"title": "高級中等學校籃球聯賽"
},
{
"docid": "5718149#45",
"text": "台灣目前有三大球隊,分別是民營的國泰人壽女子桌球隊,國營的第一銀行桌球隊和合作金庫桌球隊。",
"title": "台灣體育"
},
{
"docid": "5718149#36",
"text": "台灣目前有五大球隊,分別是民營的亞柏羽球隊,國營的土地銀行羽球隊、合作金庫羽球隊和台灣電力女子羽球隊,2015年7月中租羽球隊成立。",
"title": "台灣體育"
},
{
"docid": "475053#0",
"text": "臺灣銀行()是臺灣籃球隊,以成員身份參與超級籃球聯賽(SBL)賽事。1973年臺灣銀行在臺灣省政府主席謝東閔裁定下成立籃球隊,於1974年投入甲組籃球聯賽;並於2003成為超級籃球聯賽創始球隊。領隊",
"title": "臺灣銀行籃球隊"
},
{
"docid": "5718149#8",
"text": "棒球是台灣最受歡迎的運動,有「國球」之稱。早在日治時期的1906年,台灣就已經出現第一支棒球隊。初期只有日本人打棒球,後來逐漸有台籍選手加入。1931年,嘉義農林(今嘉義大學)棒球隊遠征日本,獲得第17回夏季甲子園亞軍,震驚全日本。其後有多名台灣棒球好手加入日本職棒與企業球隊,其中綽號「人間機關車」的吳昌征能投善打,退休後於1995年獲選進入野球殿堂。",
"title": "台灣體育"
},
{
"docid": "748590#68",
"text": "目前職業運動中以台北市為主場的籃球隊為臺北富邦勇士職籃隊(P.LEAGUE+)及台灣啤酒英熊職籃隊(T1 League)。",
"title": "臺北市"
}
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6333867#0 | 古希腊三贤是谁? | [
{
"docid": "7777#20",
"text": "苏格拉底和他的学生柏拉图及柏拉图的学生亚里士多德被并称为“希腊三贤”。苏格拉底出生于雅典,被后人广泛认为是西方哲学的奠基者。柏拉图写下了许多哲学的对话录,并且在雅典创办了知名的柏拉图学院。亚里士多德 在柏拉图学院生活了20多年,在许多领域都留下广泛著作,包括了物理学、形而上学、诗歌、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、政治、政府、以及伦理学。",
"title": "雅典"
},
{
"docid": "3061768#13",
"text": "苏格拉底和他的学生柏拉图及柏拉图的学生亚里士多德被并称为“希腊三哲”。苏格拉底出生于雅典,被后人广泛认为是西方哲学的奠基者。柏拉图写下了许多哲学的对话录,并且在雅典创办了知名的柏拉图学院。亚里士多德 在柏拉图学院生活了20多年,在许多领域都留下广泛著作,包括了物理学、形而上学、诗歌、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、政治、政府、以及伦理学。",
"title": "古雅典"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "53566#0",
"text": "古希腊七贤,古代希腊七位名人的统称,现代人了解较多的只有立法者梭伦和哲学家泰勒斯两人,剩余五人一般認為是契罗、毕阿斯、庇塔庫斯、佩里安德、克萊俄布盧,但無法確定。",
"title": "古希腊七贤"
},
{
"docid": "755#2",
"text": "古希腊悲剧是整个西方戏剧的起源,所以悲剧是最古老的戏剧题材。古希臘悲劇的概念和現代的不同,不在於悲,而在於嚴肅和對高尚行為的模仿的悲壯感受,因此古希臘悲劇結尾不一定是悲慘的;可以又天外救星給一個皆大歡喜的結尾。 古希腊三大悲剧诗人依年代順序為:埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯和欧里庇得斯。 著名的古希腊悲剧有:《被缚的普罗米修斯》、《俄狄浦斯王》、《安提戈涅》、《美狄亞》等",
"title": "悲劇"
},
{
"docid": "129492#31",
"text": "埃斯库罗斯(前525-前456)是古希腊最伟大的悲剧作家。他对古希腊悲剧最大的贡献是在表演中引入了第二个演员,改变了过去古希腊戏剧中只有一个演员和歌队共同演出的传统模式,为戏剧情节的发展和戏剧道白的丰富多彩提供了可能和便利条件。埃斯库罗斯已知剧名的作品共80部,其中只有7部传世,包括《俄瑞斯忒亚》三联剧(《阿迦门农》、《奠酒人》和《复仇女神》)、《乞援人》、《波斯人》、《七将攻忒拜》和《普罗米修斯》。埃斯库罗斯是整个古希腊戏剧的第一位大师,对整个西方戏剧艺术的发展产生了深远的影响。",
"title": "古希腊文学"
},
{
"docid": "3061768#15",
"text": "活跃于公元前五世纪到四世纪的欧里庇得斯、埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师,他们都在雅典生活过。埃斯库罗斯共创作90部悲剧和笑剧,而留下的只有7部,代表作《阿伽门农》,描写一个家族复仇的悲惨故事;索福克勒斯一生共写过123个剧本,如今只有7部完整的流传下来,《俄狄浦斯王》是他的代表作,展示了富有典型意义的希腊悲剧冲突——人跟命运的冲突;欧里庇得斯他一生共创作了九十多部作品,保留至今的有18部,完全将视线从神身上转移到了人,主角以小人物为主,而非对远古英雄的崇敬,代表作品包括《厄拉克特拉》和《特洛伊妇女》等。",
"title": "古雅典"
},
{
"docid": "16996#11",
"text": "古希腊历史上诞生了著名的三大悲剧诗人,他们代表了古希腊悲剧艺术“兴起-繁荣-衰落”各个时期的最高成就: 埃斯库罗斯身处古希腊悲剧刚形成的时期。他最早引入了第二位演员,这使得古希腊戏剧从带有颂歌性质的一人表演转化为表现两人之间的矛盾冲突的文学作品。他注意塑造人物形象,突出戏剧对话的重要性,为古希腊悲剧定型,故被称之为“悲剧之父”",
"title": "古希腊悲剧"
},
{
"docid": "3964430#3",
"text": "東方三博士,又稱東方三賢士、三智者、麦琪(古希腊共通语 \"magoi\")等,波斯原文(Magus)乃占星术士(法师)之义,本是古波斯的拜火教的高级神职人员的头衔名称。因此有人认为,这表示基督教早期受到犹太教的排挤,而不惜拉来异教的拜火教势力来壮势。有人认为三博士的名字是Caspar、Melchior和Balthasar。但是甚至他们所带来的礼物,也是旧约圣经·以赛亚书60章6节预言的应验",
"title": "马太福音第2章"
},
{
"docid": "44323#10",
"text": "古希臘的宗教可以被視為多神教,但具有強的一神論成份。 在古希臘的奧林匹斯十二主神分別為: 宙斯,赫拉,波塞冬,雅典娜,阿瑞斯,得墨忒耳,阿波羅,阿耳忒彌斯,赫淮斯托斯,阿佛洛狄忒,赫耳墨斯和赫斯提亞。赫斯提亞下台後狄俄尼索斯被邀請到奧林匹斯山,這是一個有爭議的問題。羅伯特格雷夫斯的「希臘神話」建議赫斯提亞交出她的座位,但他援引的兩個來源顯然不建議赫斯提亞這樣做。哈迪斯會因為他住在陰間而不包括在奧林匹斯十二主神內。所有的神都有一種能力。",
"title": "多神論"
},
{
"docid": "7846545#2",
"text": "畢阿斯一直被认为是古希腊七贤之一,并被狄凯尔库斯]]称为是四位被普遍授予称号之一,其余三人是泰勒斯、庇塔库斯和梭伦。逍遥学派的将他列为七贤之首。曾讽刺过赫西奥德和毕达哥拉斯的赫拉克利特也称毕阿斯是「一个比任何人都更体贴的人。」 他传说中的一個善舉是曾为一些被俘的妇女支付赎金,将其作為自己的女儿教導,並協助她们回到故乡墨西拿,回到父母身边。",
"title": "普里耶涅的毕阿斯"
}
] | [
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6690174#0 | 英国国旗有哪些颜色? | [
{
"docid": "1581#3",
"text": "需要留意的是,雖然乍看沒有分別,英國國旗其實是有上下之分,靠近旗杆的两条紅白双色米字斜条中的上部主要应为白色,紅色靠近下部,不可倒掛(且倒掛該國國旗通常具有羞辱該國的意思)。英國國旗不對稱的主要原因,是為了區分聖派屈克十字和聖安德魯十字的相對位置。聖派屈克的紅十字被故意偏置,使聖安德魯的白十字不致被降格成聖派屈克十字的邊線。在旗桿側的聖安德魯十字較高,而在另一側聖派屈克十字較高。",
"title": "英国国旗"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7057#0",
"text": "新西兰国旗呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2:1。旗底为深蓝色,左上方为英国国旗红、白色的“米”字图案,右边有四颗镶白边的红色五角星,四颗星排列均不对称。新西兰是英联邦成员国,红、白“米”字图案表明同英国的传统关系;四颗星表示南十字星座,表明该国位于南半球,同时还象征独立和希望。",
"title": "新西兰国旗"
},
{
"docid": "1579#8",
"text": "美国国旗颜色的含义一般有两种说法。一种是大陆会议秘书查尔斯·汤姆森的说法,白色代表纯洁与无瑕;红色代表坚韧和勇气;蓝色代表机警、毅力和正义。另一种则认为只是简单继承了英国国旗的颜色,没有任何正式含义。",
"title": "美国国旗"
},
{
"docid": "6475446#5",
"text": "这件作品包含了四种旗帜和四种海报。旗帜分别采用四种普通的色彩:黄色、蓝色、绿色、橙色。它们都带有同样的黑色徽章。这些色彩并不能马上唤起任何经典或宏大的政治热情(这里的蓝色并不是英国保守派标志性的蓝色,绿色也不是伊斯兰教标志性的绿色)。。",
"title": "艺术与语言"
},
{
"docid": "1579#5",
"text": "美国国旗所用的红、白、蓝色在美国色彩协会出版的第十版美国标准色参考书中有所规定。并且被称为“白色”、“国旗红”(Old Glory Red) 和“国旗蓝”(Old Glory Blue)。所规定的颜色仅适用于传统布面,而并没有完美的方法把它转换为屏幕显示用的RGB格式亦或是印刷用的CMYK格式。但按照白色的明度可以通过以下的表格近似得出其余两种颜色。",
"title": "美国国旗"
},
{
"docid": "273327#1",
"text": "旗帜由白底和红色的十字组成,红十字比划宽度为旗帜高度的1/5,整个旗帜比例为5:3。",
"title": "英格兰国旗"
},
{
"docid": "3601740#2",
"text": "英国海军的船旗最早出现于16世纪,最初的船旗采用绿白条纹相间的样式(都铎王朝色彩),有时为了区分不同的舰队也会采用蓝、红、棕褐等不同的颜色。在1588年英国海军和西班牙舰队作战的绘画中可以看到这种条纹船旗。随后,出现了在这些条纹船旗的左上角加缝圣乔治十字的旗帜。斯图亚特王朝时期对船旗的描述是:“左上角为圣乔治十字,由15条蓝、白、黄相间条纹所构成的旗帜”。1630年红、蓝、白船旗体系建立后,带有条纹的船旗被定为不列颠东印度公司的旗帜。受其影响美国国旗和夏威夷州州旗也采用了类似的设计。",
"title": "白船旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#14",
"text": "在207年之后的2003年3月,意大利政府首次为其国旗的三种颜色制定了标准,后于2006年再次修改。意政府规定,意国旗所采用的三种标准色分别为蕨绿、亮白和大红,其彩通颜色标准如下:一直以来,意大利人对国旗上的三种颜色都没有一个准确说法,可以说是仅仅靠视觉来决定。由于当今世界上有近十个国家的国旗是绿、白、红三色旗,彼此间差别很小,而同属欧洲的爱尔兰国旗又与意大利国旗极为相似,所以非常容易被人误解。因此,意大利政府不得不颁布了国旗色彩的确切标准。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "261450#78",
"text": "英國皇家徽章为“四分,第一与第四分为红底之上三只直立侧身白金狮(象征英格兰);第二分为金底红色双纹花边内跃立红狮(象征苏格兰);第三分为蓝底之上银弦金竖琴(象征爱尔兰)”。其侧由支持;格言为“我权天授”(法语:Dieu et mon droit)。盾徽周边为一条吊袜带,其上为与其同名的嘉德骑士勋章格言:“心怀邪念者蒙羞”(古法语:Honi soit qui mal y pense)。英国君主在苏格兰使用另一版本的徽章,其中第一与第四分象征苏格兰,第二分为英格兰,第三分为爱尔兰。其格言为“防御”(In Defens;苏格兰语“主为我的防御而辩护”的缩略形式)及蓟花勋章格言“犯我者必受惩”(拉丁语:Nemo me impune lacessit)。其侧由狮与独角兽支持,并手持骑枪,上为苏格兰国旗与英格兰国旗。",
"title": "英国君主"
},
{
"docid": "1581#1",
"text": "英国国旗的标准比例是1:2,而英国陆军所使用的战旗将比例修改为3:5。",
"title": "英国国旗"
}
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4814556#0 | 日本有哪些国际游戏公司? | [
{
"docid": "167459#42",
"text": "日本游戏机生产商占了三大游戏机商的两个,包括索尼(SONY)、任天堂,也有已经退出的世嘉(SEGA)。当中索尼的PSP、PS3,以及任天堂的NDS和Wii等遊戲機更是風靡全球。",
"title": "日本流行文化"
},
{
"docid": "2680#14",
"text": "在日本地區,隨著日本的泡沫經濟在此世代崩潰,前一個世代各家廠商勇於投入大量資金,無視風險的搶占遊戲機市場的盛況也不再復見,漸漸演變成數家大廠對峙的局面(本世代為任天堂/SEGA/日本電氣NEC)。",
"title": "家用游戏机"
},
{
"docid": "584971#4",
"text": "本届展会中,Cosplay比赛在第一届的基础上扩大了规模,并吸纳社会团体的表演,吸引了22家游戏厂商参与了比赛。 2005年7月20日至23日,在上海新国际博览中心举行。本届展会展位面积25000平米,参展游戏厂商总数156家,国内展商137家,国际展商19家;参展游戏289款,国内展品97款,国际展品192款,观众数量约8万。参展的国外游戏公司有美国EA公司、英特尔公司;日本索尼公司、世嘉公司、光荣公司、法国育碧公司、俄罗斯斯布卡公司。国内厂商则有盛大、网易、第九城市等。",
"title": "ChinaJoy"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1095590#31",
"text": "日本电子游戏产业与欧美的显著不同。通常比起西方来说,日本游戏在其娱乐业有更大的市场占有率。日本创造了一些有史以来最庞大的和最昂贵的游戏系列,如《莎木》、最終幻想系列和合金装备系列。",
"title": "电子游戏产业"
},
{
"docid": "4216837#0",
"text": ",1993年7月至1995年6月间名为,是日本电子游戏开发商与发行商。他们的知名作品有《魔界戰記》、《灵武战记》、《光之圣女传说》和《玛尔王国的人形姬》。拥有北美分公司NIS America,除游戏外也在北美代理发行日本动画作品。",
"title": "日本一软件"
},
{
"docid": "4217904#2",
"text": "Media Create和Enterbrain的《Fami通》以及MediaWorks的《电击PlayStation》都提供日本游戏销量数据。因为是三家不同的跟踪公司,所以软件和硬件的销量数据总是不同。哪家公司值得信任存在争议,因为没有任何一家的追踪是100%准确的。",
"title": "Media Create"
},
{
"docid": "6784472#0",
"text": "《AI*少女》是日本成人游戏公司ILLUSION于2019年10月25日发售的一款3D恋爱模拟游戏。2020年3月17日於Steam發售国际版,内含简繁中文及英文,受Steam法規限制而做出刪改,玩家可以在ILLUSION官網下載部分遭刪減部分的相關補丁。游戏背景设定在一座孤岛上,玩家与一群少女一起生活。在游戏中,玩家可以自定义少女的相貌和服饰,可以与游戏中的少女交流,也可以以多种性交体位和她们发生性关系。",
"title": "AI*少女"
},
{
"docid": "4565447#0",
"text": "是由任天堂开发,2008年1月在欧洲廉价零售发行的Wii游戏。2008年9月,游戏在日本作为“通信对局”的第三作,以名义发行,通过WiiWare下载发行。游戏没有在美国等区域发行,这是唯一没有在这些国家发行的Wii系列游戏。《Wii国际象棋》使用Loop Express国际象棋引擎。",
"title": "Wii国际象棋"
},
{
"docid": "87302#79",
"text": "這些製作成人遊戲的遊戲公司其規模有大有小,但如果和負責開發一般家用主機遊戲的廠商比較,其公司規模上大多比後者還要來得小。絕大多數的日本成人遊戲廠商並沒有擁有自己公司所屬的辦公大樓,絕大多是多數公司依照商法被歸類為中小型企業的規模,且遊戲公司遊戲中大約會擁有10來名的開發成員。不過也有些小型的遊戲廠商連法人資格都沒有,且將辦公地點以及遊戲工作室設在公寓裡的公司也不在少數。此外除了少數公司外,絕大多數成人遊戲廠商的工作人員其工作環境以及福利方面十分的惡劣,這在家用主機市場中的遊戲公司也可以看見十分類似的情況。",
"title": "日本成人遊戲"
},
{
"docid": "584971#8",
"text": "2008年7月17日至19日,在上海新国际博览中心举行。本届展会面积达到了4万平方米,来自中国、美国、日本、法国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国内外的169家游戏企业参展,其中国内厂商142家,国际厂商27家。展品总数354款,国内展品207款,国际展品147款(这也是首次国内展品数超过国外)。参展产品涵盖了网络游戏、PC游戏、电视游戏、手机游戏、街机游戏、掌机游戏等各类游戏产品,以及电信增值服务、 数码消费类电子、游戏周边和动漫等。",
"title": "ChinaJoy"
}
] | [
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923549#0 | 柠檬有哪些功效? | [
{
"docid": "7253299#2",
"text": "植物猎人,被美国农业部派遣至亚洲收集新的植物物种,随后在中国本土发现了该柠檬品种。在1908年将其以S.P.I. #23028引进了美国。《今日医学新闻》发表一侧总结了几项研究的时事通讯,表明了这种柠檬可能对健康的一些益处,包括降低中风的风险,调节血压,预防癌症,并且高含量的维生素C可以加强免疫系统。另外果实中的植物化学物质可以帮助改善情绪,缓解焦虑和减轻体重。。",
"title": "梅爾檸檬"
},
{
"docid": "46789#11",
"text": "檸檬提煉出的精油可做為殺菌、收斂劑。增加身體對抗感染的抵抗力。對靜脈曲張、胃潰瘍、焦慮、憂鬱、消化問題有幫助。幫助乳化、分解油脂。可用於頭髮潤絲、清潔傷口,及一些清潔產品中。",
"title": "柠檬"
},
{
"docid": "46789#10",
"text": "柠檬由阿拉伯人带往欧洲,古希腊、古罗马的文献中均无记载,15世纪时才在意大利热那亚开始种植,1494年在亚速尔群岛出现,由于它富含维生素C,解决了西方人远程航海致命的问题——坏血病,英国海军曾用以补充维生素C。檸檬的維生素含量豐富,將檸檬切片或榨汁泡水喝,能防止或淡化皮膚色素沉澱,可以有美白潤膚的作用,",
"title": "柠檬"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "46789#12",
"text": "多项研究表明,柑橘类水果还含有许多其他具有已知抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌特性的植物化合物。这些化合物可能在预防心脏病和某些类型的癌症,包括乳腺癌和结肠癌中发挥作用。",
"title": "柠檬"
},
{
"docid": "135382#0",
"text": "柠檬酸(、),亦称为枸橼酸,化學式為 CHO,是一种中強度有機酸,它包括3個羧基(R-COOH)基團。柠檬酸是自然在柑橘類水果中產生的一種天然防腐劑,也是食物和饮料中的酸味添加劑。在生物化学中,它是檸檬酸循環的重要中间产物,因此在几乎所有生物的代谢中起到重要作用。此外,它也是一种对环境无害的清洁剂。",
"title": "檸檬酸"
},
{
"docid": "1043316#7",
"text": "主要用于配制柠檬香精和制造柑橘类香料,也用于合成紫罗兰酮(合成维生素A的原料)、柠檬腈、甲基紫罗兰酮、羟基香茅醛、异胡薄荷醇、二氢大马酮等化合物。亦有抗菌和和信息素功能。",
"title": "柠檬醛"
},
{
"docid": "46789#4",
"text": "1747年英国皇家海军外科医生詹姆斯·林德负责治疗患坏血病的海员,他的治疗方法中包括在食物中添加柠檬的果汁,但那时维生素C还尚未被发现。常绿灌木或小乔木。枝上有刺;椭圆形叶,线形叶翼,嫩叶为紫红色;花为白色带紫,略有香味,单生或3~6朵成总状花序;柠檬的果实为椭圆形柑果,黄色或红色而有光泽,皮薄,果肉极酸。 现今,柠檬的主要产地为印度、墨西哥、阿根廷、中国(其中四川省安岳縣佔全國產量的85%以上,有檸都檸檬等優質檸檬生產加工基地)与巴西,这些国家的总产量在2010年占全世界产量的一半以上。",
"title": "柠檬"
},
{
"docid": "576409#5",
"text": "玩家可以購買各種升級,但就需要付出一定的金額。各種升級的功效各不同,其中包括減少等候時間、提高知名度、贈送冰塊等。升級攤檔則能提高存貨上限和能應付的顧客量。玩家更能聘請收銀員或小丑,以降低等待時間或提高顧客耐心。",
"title": "柠檬水大亨"
},
{
"docid": "6358494#1",
"text": "他在參與2018年臺北市長選舉時,聲稱受彌勒佛之託,為救世投入該選舉,選舉理念主軸是「平安、健康、智慧、慈悲」,且大力推廣蜂蜜檸檬對保健的功效,認為蜂蜜檸檬有益於保健,並且消除腫瘤,若由政府提供,可解決全民健康保險與長期照顧問題。此外也提到送鳳梨酥給中华民国邦交國,「那些國家說不定吃了之後,覺得『很好吃』,就不會跟你斷交」。也因為在台北市長辯論會中清唱李麗芬的〈愛江山更愛美人〉一曲紅遍大街小巷。",
"title": "吳蕚洋"
},
{
"docid": "3279092#3",
"text": "香茅油可直接作為香水、化妝品及肥皂、乳霜等加工產品香精料。檸檬香茅精油屬於半乾性精油,芳香療法上被認為對油性皮膚有幫助。 傳統或民俗醫療應用上香茅草被認為具有袪風及驅蟲作用。中草藥的歸類上,將其其性味功能歸為辛、溫。作用為祛風除濕,消腫止痛。此外,相關的研究報告指出檸檬香茅精油具有鎮靜及抗微生物作用。",
"title": "柠檬草"
}
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3468695#0 | 德国首都在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "3472#0",
"text": "柏林()是德意志聯邦共和國首都,也是德国最大的城市,现有居民约340万人。柏林位于德国东北部,四面被勃兰登堡州环绕,施普雷河和哈弗尔河流经该市。柏林也是德国十六个-{zh-hans:联邦州; zh-hant:邦}-之一,和汉堡、不来梅同为德国僅有的三個城市州。",
"title": "柏林"
},
{
"docid": "986#0",
"text": "德意志聯邦共和國(/),通稱德國(),是位於中西歐的議會民主制聯邦共和國,由16个-{zh:邦;zh-hans:联邦州; zh-hant:邦;}-组成,首都与最大城市柏林。国土面积35.7万平方公里,南北距离876公里,东西相距640公里,从北部的北海与波罗的海延伸至南部的阿尔卑斯山。气候温和,季节分明。德国人口約8,142万,为欧洲联盟中人口最多的国家,是世界上人口第三多的发达国家,仅次于美国、日本。也是世界第二大移民目的地,仅次于美国。德語是歐盟境内使用人數最多的母語。德國文化的豐富層次和對世界的影響表現在其建築、美術、音樂、哲學、電影等,文化遺產主要以老城為代表,而國家公園和自然公園共計上百處。",
"title": "德国"
},
{
"docid": "180982#0",
"text": "德累斯顿(;;,意为“河边森林的人们”)是德國萨克森自由州的首府,德国东部重要的文化、政治和经济中心。它位於德國的中部靠近東邊,易北河谷地,南面離捷克邊界僅30公里,距捷克首都布拉格150公里,北面距離德國首都柏林200公里,离西北部萨克森州另一个大城市莱比锡100公里。",
"title": "德累斯顿"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1845820#18",
"text": "在德國,大都市須有較大規模和重要地位。一個城市的重要性由三個指標來決定:決策制定和控制力、創新和競爭力、樞紐功能。德國有十一個大都市區:柏林-勃蘭登堡、不萊梅-奧登堡、法蘭克福-萊茵-美因、漢堡、漢諾威-不倫瑞克-哥廷根-沃爾夫斯堡、中德意志(德累斯頓、哈勒、萊比錫)、慕尼黑、紐倫堡、萊茵-盧爾、斯圖加特和萊茵-內卡。",
"title": "大都市"
},
{
"docid": "282835#41",
"text": "运动在德累斯顿工业大学学生当中很受欢迎。这里有8个大型学生俱乐部;夏季校园派对被认为是德国最大的。这里有很多餐厅,最大的食堂甚至可以和一些餐馆在菜品范围上相提并论。 德累斯顿(Dresden)是德国萨克森州的首府,位于德国的东南方,易北河两岸,南面离捷克边界仅30公里,距捷克首都布拉格150公里,北面距离德国首都柏林200公里,离西北方萨克森州另一个大城市莱比锡100公里。",
"title": "德累斯顿工业大学"
},
{
"docid": "153604#0",
"text": "特里爾(,),德國最古老的城市,位于莱茵兰-普法尔茨州西南部,摩泽尔河岸,靠近卢森堡边境。開埠於公元前16年,曾为罗马帝国四帝共治制时期西部凯撒(副皇帝)的驻节地。特里尔不是唯一声称最古老的德国城市,但它作为“城市”有超过两千年的历史,而不是作为殖民地或者军队驻扎地,这在德国确实是最古老的。",
"title": "特里尔"
},
{
"docid": "7641964#1",
"text": "由於德國的疆域在歷史上多次變化,其中心點亦多次轉移。今天,圖林根州的下多爾拉聲稱是德國最中心的城市。1990年德國統一後,在處豎立了一塊牌匾並種植了一棵椴樹。該點被德累斯頓科技大學確認為是德國地理坐標的中心。",
"title": "德國中部 (地理)"
},
{
"docid": "7202207#1",
"text": "根據通常用於確定特定城市的大都市地位的的狹窄定義,德國僅有四個城市在其行政邊界內超過了一百萬居民,它們分別是柏林、漢堡、慕尼黑和科隆。有五個大型區域常被稱謂“五巨頭”,它們用於與歐洲其他都會區在投資、市場方面進行比較。這五分別是其中法蘭克福在全球化與世界城市研究(GaWC)中被評為α級城市,其他則為β級城市。",
"title": "德國大都市區"
},
{
"docid": "986#44",
"text": "德國有诸多大型城市,共有11个官方认定的德国大都会区。其中最大的為萊茵-魯爾都會區,2008年人口达1,170萬,包括杜塞尔多夫(北莱茵-威斯特法伦首府)、科隆、波恩、多特蒙德、埃森、杜伊斯堡、波鸿。",
"title": "德国"
},
{
"docid": "113579#0",
"text": "魏玛()位于德国中部的联邦州图林根,埃特斯山的山脚,伊尔姆河的河畔。德国历史上第一个统一共和国——魏玛共和国和历史上第一部民主宪法正是在这里诞生。这里是现代设计——包豪斯的发源地,对世界艺术与设计的发展有着巨大的贡献。虽然它仅有6万人口,但却是一座风景优美、古色古香充满着文化气息的都市。这里有着各种各样的博物馆,在宫殿博物馆和市立博物馆里有很多国家收藏的艺术品。在德国的国家大剧院前面有著名雕刻家恩斯特·里彻尔所创作的歌德和席勒纪念雕像。1998年,“古典魏玛”(Classical Weimar)被列为世界文化遗产。",
"title": "魏玛"
}
] | [
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7644609#0 | 八大行星有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "1497362#0",
"text": "規則衛星,在天文學是指有著較密切的順行軌道,以及較小的軌道傾角或離心率的天然衛星。相對於被捕獲的不規則衛星,它們被認為是原生的衛星。八大行星總共有55顆規則衛星:地球1顆、木星8顆、土星有22顆已經命名的規則衛星(不包括數百顆或數千顆的小衛星)、天王星18顆、和海王星6顆小的規則衛星(巨大的崔頓顯示是被捕獲的)。矮行星冥王星的3顆衛星和妊神星的兩顆衛星被認為是劇烈碰撞產生的碎片。",
"title": "規則衛星"
},
{
"docid": "4698#8",
"text": "2006年8月24日在捷克首都布拉格舉行之第26屆國際天文學聯會上的定義,初時曾提出包括鬩神星、冥衛一與穀神星的十二行星,但爭議與反響頗大,亦引起天文愛好者與民間熱烈討論;至8月24日下午第26屆國際天文學聯會上的定義:太陽系有八顆行星(決議時曾出現「古(經)典行星」一詞,指的也是這八顆),分別為水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星與海王星。質量不夠的將會被IAU會議決議歸類為矮行星(如冥王星)或太陽系內小天體(如小行星、彗星等)。(此分類方法因以地球為界,故必會忽略地球)",
"title": "行星"
},
{
"docid": "354639#3",
"text": "按照以上定義,太陽系有八個行星:水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星,而冥王星被排除在外。至2007年7月為止,已獲承認的矮行星則有冥王星、穀神星和鬩神星,2008年7月才增加了第四顆鳥神星,又於同年9月增加了第五顆妊神星。但國際天文學聯合會的這項決議並無法弭平所有爭議,部分天文學家拒絕承認此一決議。",
"title": "行星定義"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "354639#23",
"text": "如果按照“清除邻近区域”划界,冥王星将不再是行星,八大行星的概念将成为难以撼动的长期称谓。事实上,从科学定义来看,“邻近”并不是一个准确的概念,因此需要给这个划界增加繁琐的附加说明,最后的划界虽然清晰(见右表),却难保简洁,因此并不能算一个无懈可击的科学定义。不过从划分结果来看,却有着多个优点:①从质量排名来看,八大行星是太阳系仅次于太阳的质量最大的八颗星体(第2到第9),第10到第16是包括月球的七颗大卫星,第17、18才是阋神星和冥王星,显然八大行星都是太阳系的绝对主体;②八大行星的运行轨迹都非常规则,都大致在同一个轨道平面上,近似形成一组同心圆,原有的例外冥王星被排除。这恢复了过去人们对行星轨道的完美印象,曾出现的瑕疵(扁长而歪斜的冥王星轨道)被剔除。反之,如果加入50颗新行星,新的行星轨道将互相混杂穿插;③八大行星各自都非常独特,无论是轨道、气候、地质等等,一般的天文爱好者都能从图片中轻易识别;而矮行星属于共用轨道的天体群,质量太小而无明显的大气和地质变化,因此同类型星体互相相似、难以简易识别;④八大行星有着广泛而深远的文化意味,较矮行星深入人心,尽管冥王星缺席,毕竟冥王星只有七十年的文化积淀,而金木水火土五行星已经有着数千年的观测史,而近代列入行星的天地海从文化上代表了空间的三界。",
"title": "行星定義"
},
{
"docid": "33372#2",
"text": "依據2006年國際天文聯合會行星定義,太陽系的行星共有8顆,冥王星遭除名,使得“九大行星”變成了“八大行星”。雖然解決了長久以來「何謂行星」的問題,但仍有天文學家對此定義持有不同意見。",
"title": "太阳系天体列表"
},
{
"docid": "3801884#0",
"text": "八大巨星是一个经典的贺岁組合,自1999年至2008年,每年至少发行一张贺岁专辑,所以有了“八大巨星”系列,其实“八大巨星”并非固定的八个人,基本上每年都有成员变化,并且人数也不一定每次专辑都是8个人。2008年因为公司转变因而解散。而八大巨星這個名字是由當年負責聯絡成員的莊學忠無意中寫下的,於是一直沿用至今。",
"title": "八大巨星"
},
{
"docid": "425440#9",
"text": "香港地區展覽主軸,則是以太空和八大行星為主題,帶領參觀者進入無線和高清新的宇宙,讓現場玩家體驗Xbox 360的新遊戲與無線配件的優勢。 在香港地區的「X06 高清新紀元」中,所謂「八大行星」則是指八個具有特色的展區,一個技術或一個遊戲即為一個展區,包括:",
"title": "X06"
},
{
"docid": "305273#4",
"text": "注意到太阳系的八大行星(2006年IAU的行星定义之前称九大行星)轨道基本在同一平面上。故行星可以认为是永远位于黄道带上。",
"title": "天宫图"
},
{
"docid": "6735344#0",
"text": "從3059個太陽系外行星中(自2019年9月1號始),有667個多行星系統,也就是恆星有至少2個確認的行星。 大約280個多行星系統是有2個確認的行星,而有些多行星系統有明顯更多數量的行星.最多的是我們的太陽和克卜勒90,有8個確認行星,再者,HD 10180、 HR 8832和TRAPPIST-1有7個。在2012年中又有2顆行星也被建議為HD 10180的行星。",
"title": "多行星系统列表"
},
{
"docid": "573329#1",
"text": "2006年,天文学方面最具新闻价值的事情就是对行星的定义进行了重新讨论,致使冥王星不再属于行星,太阳系九大行星变成了八大行星。(见2006年行星重定义)",
"title": "2006年科技"
}
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138152#0 | 古典钢琴有多少琴键? | [
{
"docid": "5844#11",
"text": "鋼琴由弦列、音板、支架、键盘系统(包括黑白琴键和击弦音棰,共88个琴键)、踏板机械(包括顶杆和踏板)和外壳共六大部分组成。直立式钢琴、平台式钢琴 基本结构是一样的。",
"title": "钢琴"
},
{
"docid": "671177#1",
"text": "傳統鋼琴琴槌擊弦機制()的觸鍵感及力度感應(),其觸鍵感依品牌而異,大部份數位鋼琴的琴鍵數量與鋼琴一樣是88鍵。",
"title": "數位鋼琴"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "5844#1",
"text": "现代钢琴发明以前,巴洛克时代,就已经有了两种类似的键盘乐器。一种是拨弦键琴(又称大键琴),这些种类的古鍵琴的发声原理类似于吉他这样的拨弦乐器,用机械传动装置带动一个拨弦的小臂由羽管或皮制拨子拨动琴弦,缺点是没有办法控制力度,音量总是一样大小。另一种是击弦键琴(又称小键琴),体积较小,用铜楔槌击打琴弦,和钢琴不同的是,楔槌不是立刻离开琴弦,而是保持在弦上的压力,直到手指离开琴键,因而击弦键琴可以用手指控制音量,并且可以有细微变化的效果,音色富有歌唱性,缺点是音量很小,只适合家庭使用。",
"title": "钢琴"
},
{
"docid": "3298836#1",
"text": "与一般钢琴不同,贝森朵夫290拥有97个按键。该型号一开始是为意大利钢琴家费卢西奥·布索尼专门定做的,费卢西奥当时要誊写一手管风琴乐曲,但是该曲的最低音超出了标准钢琴键盘的范围。 费卢西奥对这架定制的钢琴非常满意,于是贝森朵夫决定把97键钢琴量产化,顿时成为了市场上最为抢手的三角钢琴。",
"title": "贝森朵夫290三角钢琴"
},
{
"docid": "2952742#1",
"text": "自动演奏的钢琴起源最早可以追溯到19世纪末的欧洲。最初人们尝试在普通钢琴前增加一部可移动的演奏器,其外形就似一架小型簧风琴。一排65-88个“木手指”置于普通钢琴键盘上方,代替了钢琴家的双手。演奏器以自动钢琴打孔纸卷(打孔位置与钢琴谱相符)记谱,用脚踏风箱鼓风作为动力,通过纸卷缓缓转动,纸卷上的孔位与驱动机械连动相应的“木手指”击琴键奏出音乐。此后又有设计者将外附的演奏器直接安装于钢琴内部,还可控制速度、力度、踏板等。",
"title": "自動演奏鋼琴"
},
{
"docid": "3298781#5",
"text": "由于型号290的成功,之后贝森朵夫又制造了具有92键的型号225三角钢琴。多出的琴键均位于键盘最左边,即最低音。一开始贝森朵夫为这块区域里的按键设计了一块盖板以防止演奏者误弹,后来的新型号取消了这种设计,并把该区域的白键涂成黑色以示区别。",
"title": "貝森朵夫"
},
{
"docid": "5844#3",
"text": "大键琴的制造者克里斯托福里,在总结了大键琴和小键琴的优缺点以后,在约1709年试制了一种增加了击槌装置的键盘乐器,它和小键琴的最关键的区别是击弦机的机械系统:击槌敲击琴弦后会立即弹开,使琴弦持续振动,直到手指离开琴键;而且击槌弹开后不会来回弹动,同时又可以迅速的重复击键。在之后钢琴发展中,这些要素都保留并不断改进,它同时解决了不能随意控制演奏音量的缺陷,克里斯托福里给它取名“有强弱的大键琴”(gravicembali col piano e forte),这台乐器也就是古钢琴。克里斯托福里制造了大约20台钢琴,现存于世还有三台:一台制于1720年,四个八度,现存美国纽约大都會藝術博物館;一台製于1726年,四个半八度,现存德国莱比锡;一台製于1722年,现存意大利罗马。",
"title": "钢琴"
},
{
"docid": "6936#3",
"text": "现代手风琴有键盘式手风琴(钢琴式手风琴)和键钮式手风琴(鈕扣式手风琴、巴扬手风琴)两种,中国及中西欧主要使用钢琴式手风琴,而俄罗斯、爱尔兰主要使用巴扬手风琴。钢琴式手风琴比较容易掌握,常作为学习钢琴的基础,可以演奏各种古典或现代音乐;巴扬手风琴音域广,由于键钮小,手移动速度快,可以演奏许多高速度高难度乐曲,总体以演奏俄罗斯,爱尔兰民乐为主。",
"title": "手风琴"
},
{
"docid": "3298836#2",
"text": "多出的琴键均位于键盘最左边,即最低音。一开始贝森朵夫为这块区域里的按键设计了一块盖板以防止使用者误弹,后来的新型号取消了这种设计,并把该区域的白键涂成黑色以示区别。",
"title": "贝森朵夫290三角钢琴"
},
{
"docid": "11809#21",
"text": "古琴的音域为C至d2,除去七個散音之外,還有91個泛音和一百多個按音,但實際演奏中有很多音一般不使用,如一到四弦及一到四徽的區域內不使用按音。",
"title": "古琴"
}
] | [
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5058016#0 | 叙利亚的首都在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "132235#0",
"text": "大马士革(;非正式的名称:沙姆大马士革,有时被直称为沙姆();在中文和合本《聖經》中則翻為大馬色()是亚洲国家叙利亚的首都。其在《回回館譯語》中被称為敵米石。",
"title": "大马士革"
},
{
"docid": "1004912#0",
"text": "叙利亚航空(),是叙利亚的国家航空公司,总部设在叙利亚首都大马士革。该公司以大马士革国际机场为枢纽,经营国内航线以及前往亚洲、欧洲以及北非等地共计40多个目的地的国际航线。叙利亚航空是阿拉伯航空运输组织的成员。",
"title": "叙利亚航空"
},
{
"docid": "32471#0",
"text": "叙利亚阿拉伯共和国(),通称叙利亚(),位于西亚,地中海东岸,属于中东阿拉伯国家,首都大马士革。叙国北部与土耳其接壤,东和伊拉克交界,南与约旦毗连,西南和黎巴嫩和以色列为邻,西濒地中海。1944年1月1日宣布独立,1946年4月7日被联合国及世界各国认可为正式独立国家,现任总统為巴沙尔·阿萨德。由於內戰的持續進行,目前已四分五裂被多個政權或武裝團體所控制,主要有被國際承認的阿拉伯敘利亞共和國政府、敘利亞反對派、敘利亞臨時政府及北敘利亞民主聯邦等。",
"title": "叙利亚"
},
{
"docid": "3243715#68",
"text": "5月5日,叙利亚官方通讯社SANA援引初步调查报道称,以色列对叙首都大马士革附近的一处军事研究中心实施了导弹打击。叙利亚人权观察组织称,位于首都郊区贾姆拉亚的一处研究中心5日早上发生多次爆炸。若情况属实,則是以色列今年以来对叙利亚境内发动的第三次袭击。联合国人权调查人员周日称,他们从叙利亚内战伤者和医疗人员方面收集到的证据表明,叙利亚叛軍使用了沙林毒气。该调查委员会成员Carla Del Ponte表示,联合国叙利亚问题调查委员会没有看到叙政府军动用化学武器的证据。",
"title": "叙利亚内战年表 (2013年1月-2013年6月)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "32471#16",
"text": "位於國家西南部的首都大馬士革與及北部的阿勒颇和霍姆斯都是敘利亞的重要城市。其他主要城市都位於海岸。",
"title": "叙利亚"
},
{
"docid": "719535#1",
"text": "首都",
"title": "叙利亚行政区划"
},
{
"docid": "1645402#4",
"text": "2013年3月上旬,自由叙利亚军在经长期的战斗后,占领了拉卡,这是叙利亚内战中,反对派占领的首座省会城市。恐怖組織伊斯蘭國後來奪取了拉卡的控制權,並宣布為伊斯蘭國首都,并毁坏了这个城市的什叶派清真寺和基督教教堂,其后,约17个叙利亚人成立了“拉卡正無聲地被屠宰”组织,成为伊斯兰国控制地区内独立而可靠的少数消息来源之一。",
"title": "拉卡"
},
{
"docid": "1683104#0",
"text": "马里(英语:Mari,即现在叙利亚境内的特尔·哈利利(Tell Hariri))是古代苏美尔亚摩利人建立的城邦,位于幼发拉底河中流的西岸。位于现在叙利亚的阿布·卡马尔西北部11km处,代尔祖尔东南120km处。大约前5千年有人居住,约前2900年开始繁荣,前1759年被汉谟拉比破坏。 早期国王参见苏美尔王表",
"title": "马里 (叙利亚)"
},
{
"docid": "213090#0",
"text": "撒馬利亞(Samaria,希伯来语Shomron שומרון),是公元前10世纪以色列王國分裂后,北部十个支派形成北國以色列的首都。",
"title": "撒馬利亞"
},
{
"docid": "607235#0",
"text": "亚述古城(阿卡德语:; '; ',亚拉姆语: '),或音译作阿舒尔,是古代亚述帝国的首都,位于伊拉克北部底格里斯河西岸薩拉赫丁省舍爾加特鎮,在与其支流小札卜河汇合处以北。",
"title": "亚述古城"
}
] | [
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7194170#0 | 加拿大的首都是哪里? | [
{
"docid": "2891535#1",
"text": "加拿大首都渥太华位于安大略省和魁北克省交界处安大略一侧,其与魁北克省的加蒂諾构成了加拿大首都地区。The Canadian Press defines Eastern Canada as everything east of and including Thunder Bay, Ontario.",
"title": "加拿大东部"
},
{
"docid": "44850#0",
"text": "加拿大(英语、法语:Canada,IPA读音:(英)(法))是一个位于北美洲最北部的国家,属于西半球及北半球,其领土西临太平洋,东濒大西洋,北接北冰洋,有部分领土位于北极圈内。加拿大东北方与丹麦领地格陵兰相望,南方及西北方与美国本土及阿拉斯加州接壤,法国属地圣皮埃尔和密克隆位于其东部的岛屿之中。加拿大的领土面积达998万4670平方公里,为全球面积第二大国家,亦是发达国家之中的领土面积最大者。该国首都为渥太华,以2016年都会区人口排序,前五大城市为多伦多、蒙特利尔、温哥华、卡尔加里、埃德蒙顿。 十个省和三个地区组成加拿大全國。加拿大被《福布斯》列於2020年退休宜居國的名單中。",
"title": "加拿大"
},
{
"docid": "448809#5",
"text": "上下加拿大於1841年結合為加拿大省,而京士頓則同時獲選為加拿大省的首府,但不到三年就因为“規模太小並缺乏配套設施”、“過於接近美國邊界令其難以抵禦美軍入侵”等原因失去了这个头衔。加拿大省首府從1844年起在蒙特利尔、多伦多和魁北克城之間輪替,到1857年則由英女皇維多利亞的一纸诏书宣布渥太华为首都,再於1866年正式遷都渥太華。京士頓的重要性隨之大減,市内發展亦大為放緩。縱雖如此,京士頓仍保留其五大湖區主要港口之一的地位,並於19世紀末和20世紀初成為工業重鎮,主要產物包括船艦和火車機車。",
"title": "金斯顿 (安大略省)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "70236#6",
"text": "1857年12月31日,维多利亚女王选择渥太华为加拿大省的首都(包括现在的安大略和魁北克)。虽然现代的渥太华是加拿大第四大城市,但在当年,她仅仅是一个木材贸易通道中的内陆小镇,并且距离殖民地的几个主要城市(东部的蒙特利尔和魁北克城;西部的多伦多和京士頓)路途遥远。女王的顾问们建议渥太华成为首都之选有两大重要理由:首先,渥太华是唯一具有一定规模、并且位于加拿大省东西部边界地(现安大略与魁北克边界)的城市,定都于此是平衡两个殖民地及其英裔、法裔居民的聪明妥协之举;其次,1812年战争表明,其他主要城市容易受到美国人的攻击,因为过于靠近美加边界。渥太华位于腹地,易于防守,渥太华河及丽都运河使之与加拿大东西部之间交通极为便利。另外两个方面的考虑是:渥太华正好介于多伦多和魁北克城之间(距离这两个城市都是500公里),并且城市规模较小,因而不容易受到大规模的暴徒袭击,因为政治动机,以往的首都城市都受到过这种攻击。",
"title": "渥太華"
},
{
"docid": "117192#15",
"text": "18世纪晚期之前,魁北克城一直是加拿大人口最多的城市。在1790年的普查期间,蒙特利尔以18,000居民超过了魁北克,但魁北克(14,000人口)依然保住了新法兰西行政首府的地位。在1791年宪法中,魁北克城成为下加拿大的首府。从1841年到1867年,加拿大省的首府在几个城市之间轮替,包括金士顿,蒙特利尔,多伦多,渥太华和魁北克(1852年到1856年,1859年到1866年)。",
"title": "魁北克市"
},
{
"docid": "226268#3",
"text": "1793年,上加拿大副總督閃高()選擇此處為該殖民地的首府,並打算將此處命名為「佐治拿」()以紀念國王佐治三世,但建議被總督多徹斯特否決。此處的聚落待到1826年才設立村級行政區劃,並以英國首都之名取名為「倫敦」。倫敦沒有像閃高預期般成為上加拿大的首府,卻成為第一大城約克(即現多倫多)以西地域的行政中心。湯瑪士·塔爾博特上校()獲任為該地區的首席殖民官,主管了該帶的土地勘探並籌建了西安大略半島地區的政府辦公建築群,倫敦村和西南安大略的其他聚落因此得益。",
"title": "伦敦 (加拿大)"
},
{
"docid": "119014#0",
"text": "加拿大國會(;),也译作加拿大议会,是加拿大政府的立法機構。加拿大國會位於首都渥太華的建築又被稱為「國會山莊」。根據《1867年憲法法案》第17條,加拿大國會包括君主、上議院和下議院。現在上議院的105位議員全部都是由總理提名後由總督委任。下議院的議員是由全國選舉直接產生,目前下議院共有338位議員。",
"title": "加拿大國會"
},
{
"docid": "873907#0",
"text": "加蒂诺(,,)是加拿大的一個城市。位於魁北克省西南部。2011年人口26万5349,较2006年统计增长9.6%。其中操法語的居民占总人口的78.5%。加蒂诺位处渥太华河与加蒂诺河的交汇处。隔河与加拿大首都渥太华相望,是首都圈地区(NCR)的组成部分之一。",
"title": "加蒂諾"
},
{
"docid": "2891853#3",
"text": "在新法兰西时期,这片区域被称为加拿大,但只有现今的魁北克地区,即魁北克城至蒙特利尔有一定数量的人居住。美国独立战争之后,大量保皇派涌入加拿大,定居在如今安大略部分。在殖民时期,由于英国和美国的交战,加拿大最终将首都定在内陆的渥太华,以远离边境上可能的战争。",
"title": "魁北克市-温莎走廊"
},
{
"docid": "801127#2",
"text": "廣闊的北方主要是極地氣候的低地,所以很少人居住。大多數人口聚居地位于相對溫暖的南部,更多的集中在東南部,人口超百万的城市基本上都在距离美加边境100公里内。規模較大的城市有安大略省的多倫多、魁北克省的蒙特利尔、不列顛哥倫比亞省的溫哥華、安大略省的渥太華、艾伯塔省的卡爾加里等。",
"title": "加拿大地理"
}
] | [
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518781#0 | 兵家有哪些代表人物? | [
{
"docid": "355856#2",
"text": "兵家的主要代表人物在春秋战国时期主要有孙武、吴起、孙膑、尉缭、田穰苴等。兵家的思想源头可以追溯到商周时期的吕尚(即史上著名的姜太公)。",
"title": "兵家"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1134#0",
"text": "吳起(),中國春秋末期戰國初期军事家、政治家、改革家,兵家代表人物。衞國左氏(今山东省定陶县,一说山东省曹县东北)人。",
"title": "吴起"
},
{
"docid": "7760156#3",
"text": "来自不同的地点和时间招募了新的士兵、演艺人员和医务人员到现有变革战争。角色包括:克里特亚马逊人、罗马军团士兵、八触手 Lunans(十亿年前在地球月球上繁衍生息的文明的土著)、骠骑兵、国防军陆战队员、金星色狼(十亿年后从金星招募)、美国GI ,和突击队。来自亚历山大大帝、成吉思汗、拿破仑和斯大林军队的士兵可能会发现自己并肩作战或对立作战。同样,医务人员和演艺人员被引入世俗战争,为受伤和疲惫的战斗人员提供医疗、休息和放松。",
"title": "大時代 (小說)"
},
{
"docid": "2191#0",
"text": "諸子百家是後世對華夏先秦學術思想人物和派別之總稱。諸子是指中國先秦時期老子、庄子、孔子、孟子、荀子、墨子、列子、孙子、申子、韓非子、鬼谷子等学术思想代表人物。春秋后期已出现颇有社会影响的道家、儒家、墨家、名家、法家、兵家、阴阳家等不同学術流派,而至战国中期,百家爭鳴,眾多学说紛呈,丰富多彩,为中華文化奠定了深厚基础。",
"title": "诸子百家"
},
{
"docid": "5722555#102",
"text": "蕭昇、曹寶和喬坤是五夷山白雲洞的散人。喬坤在孫良設下的化血陣中陣亡,死後被封為夜遊神;蕭昇和曹寶在燃燈道人被趙公明追擊時出現,蕭升以落寶金錢收了趙公明的法寶,卻被他用鐵鞭擊中腦門而死,死後被封為招寶天尊;曹寶則在之後破王奕的紅水陣時死亡,死後被封為納珍天尊。 黃巾力士是一群神兵神將,造型是佩戴黃色方巾的壯漢,在諸多中國文學作品中皆有出現,他們是一群小神靈,是供神仙或道士差遣的僕役,當神仙或道士必須做某件雜事,但又不願親自出馬時,便會以法術命黃巾力士去做。",
"title": "封神演義角色列表"
},
{
"docid": "1103501#13",
"text": "孫市所率領的鐵砲傭兵集團。有著為戰而生,為戰而死的戰鬥精神,因而被說是「能得到雜賀眾者就能贏得戰爭」。即使面對危機和困難也不會因此而混亂不堪。象徵色為紅和綠 在史實資料的項目中,則是介紹「萬曆朝鮮戰爭時,跟隨秀吉的雜賀眾中有位叫作『沙也加』的女性」的小故事作為名字的由來。",
"title": "戰國BASARA系列角色列表"
},
{
"docid": "355856#0",
"text": "兵家,為中国春秋战国时期诸子百家中的一家,研究讨论的主要是軍事哲学思想(西方近似的称作:The philosophy of war),学说重点在于“用兵”,即战略战术问题。春秋战国之后,那些通晓军事的用兵者,学者也往往归入或称为“兵家”。在中國古代指拥兵一方的豪强或军将,亦为部曲私兵之称。 《汉书·艺文志·兵书略》将兵家著作分为四类:",
"title": "兵家"
},
{
"docid": "1077874#7",
"text": "玩家在单人游戏中扮演的人物是Edison Trent。制作组为了尽量详细地塑造这个人物而放弃了让玩家自订角色外形的系统。但玩家在行为方式上却有相当的自由,例如可以成为商人,海盗,或赏金猎人。随着剧情发展,玩家得以结识几位NPC人物,例如Liberty保安部队(Liberty Security Force,LSF)指挥官Jun'ko Zane,外星文明考古学家Roland Quintaine教授,以及某秘密结社的领导人Casper Orillion。但与这些NPC的交流则只被限制为接受或暂时拒绝他们的委托。主角与其他人物的互动大多通过即时演算表现。",
"title": "自由枪骑兵"
},
{
"docid": "82113#1",
"text": "按《中國歷史掌故發現》一書,《三國演義》一共寫下1191名人物,當中武將436人,文官451人,東漢、三國、西晉的皇族、后、妃、宦官等128人,黃巾起義者、鮮卑、烏桓、羌、山越、南蠻等67人,其他各色人物109人。書中有60多名女子,多為有姓無名或無姓無名者,有姓有名只有蔡琰、曹娥、李春香3人,無姓有名只有貂蟬1人。但是該書的統計尚有漏誤,例如有姓有名的女子,最少還有辛憲英一人。",
"title": "三国演义角色列表"
},
{
"docid": "405592#7",
"text": "帅克可以说是捷克文学史上最著名的文学形象,“帅克”这个名字也溶入到了捷克语言之中。同时,小说中塑造的其他人物也深入人心。尤利乌斯·伏契克曾在其名著《绞刑架下的报告》中将他所厌恶的典狱官比作杜布中尉。",
"title": "好兵帥克"
}
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5899426#0 | 中国有哪些数学家? | [
{
"docid": "3227555#1",
"text": "1929年以来,著名数学家陈建功和苏步青教授先后来浙大数学系工作,形成了著名的“陈苏学派”,培养的院士有程民德、谷超豪、夏道行、王元、胡和生、石钟慈、沈昌祥,以及熊全治、杨忠道、周元燊等一批知名学者。近年来又培养了林芳华、励建书、汪徐家等多位杰出青年数学家,为中国数学的发展做出了重要贡献。",
"title": "浙江大学数学科学学院"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1911768#1",
"text": "1978年毕业于重庆师范学院数学系。1981年获中国科学院研究生院数学硕士学位。1984年获中国科学院应用数学研究所数学博士学位。1995年获得陈省身数学奖,当选为中国科学院院士。1995年5月,中国数学会第七次代表大会在北京清华大学举行,会议选举产生了77名理事,并召开理事会第一次会议,他出任常务理事、副理事长。1998年当选为第三世界科学院院士。2001年6月,中国科学技术协会第六次全国代表大会召开,并选举其出任第六届全国委员会常务委员。2002年国际数学家大会组委会主席。2005年获得华罗庚数学奖。",
"title": "马志明 (数学家)"
},
{
"docid": "1463#1",
"text": "中国、法国、德国、意大利、古希腊、英国、美国、俄罗斯、挪威、瑞典、荷兰、瑞士、比利时、匈牙利、丹麦。",
"title": "数学家列表"
},
{
"docid": "6593918#0",
"text": "朱小华(),浙江鄞州人,中国数学家,北京大学数学科学学院教授,研究领域为微分几何和几何分析等。1990年毕业于杭州大学(现浙江大学)。1995年在杭州大学获得理学博士学位。2017年荣获中国数学会第十六届陈省身数学奖。",
"title": "朱小华 (数学家)"
},
{
"docid": "5394205#1",
"text": "2013年,在国际学生评估项目中(PISA),中国上海的数学、阅读和科学科目测试均居世界第一。而同期,英国的数学排名26,阅读排名23,没有任何科目进入前20名,英国教育大臣称:英国迫切需要进行教学改革。英国小学进行中国老师的交换计划,59名中国数学教师前往英国的48所小学进行了4个月的交流和示范教学,使大部分小学的数学成绩有所提高,学生的学习态度有所改善。",
"title": "博杭特中学的中国实验班"
},
{
"docid": "1911768#0",
"text": "马志明(),男,籍贯山西交城,生于四川成都,中国数学家。中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院应用数学研究所研究员,国家“973”计划重点基础研究发展规划“核心数学的前沿问题”项目首席科学家。曾任中国数学会理事长。",
"title": "马志明 (数学家)"
},
{
"docid": "2894231#2",
"text": "学院拥有中国科学院院士2人(王梓坤、陈木法),第三世界科学院院士1人(陈木法),长江学者奖励计划特聘教授、讲座教授和青年学者共5人,千人计划3人,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者3人、国家优秀青年科学基金获得者2人,高等学校教学名师奖获得者1人,国家级中青年有突出贡献专家6人,国家级新世纪百千万人才2人,国家教育部跨世纪人才培养计划和新世纪优秀人才支持计划11人,国家教育部高校青年教师奖2人,北京市高等学校教学名师奖4人,国务院政府特殊津贴获得者44人(其中在职11人)。",
"title": "北京师范大学数学科学学院"
},
{
"docid": "5803838#2",
"text": "主要从事代数表示论和量子群领域的研究工作,曾获国家杰出青年基金、教育部跨世纪人才基金资助。兼任中国数学会常务理事,担任中国科学、数学学报(中、英)、数学年刊(中、英)、Algebra Colloquium等期刊编委。同时还是国家级教学团队清华大学“理工科数学基础课程教学团队”带头人。研究成果“Hall代数、无限维李代数和量子群”获2006年度教育部自然科学一等奖(第一完成人)。",
"title": "肖杰 (数学家)"
},
{
"docid": "9511#2",
"text": "丘成桐热心于推动中国的数学发展,在中国建立并领导多个数学研究中心,致力于培养年轻数学家。他还多次对中国的科学发展谏言献策,毫不留情批评中国学术界的腐败现象。受父亲影响,丘成桐自幼便对中国古典文学、中国历史有浓厚兴趣,造诣颇深,曾作一文以述數學與中國文學之結構關係,舉紅樓夢及各代詩詞為例,並聯繫王國維人間詞話,以釋證其觀點。丘成桐於1990年加入美國籍,原因可能是有一次出了車禍,很可能被逐離美國,所以決定加入美國籍。",
"title": "丘成桐"
},
{
"docid": "146116#9",
"text": "湖北省科学技术协会副主席、顾问,国家科学技术委员会数学学科组成员,国家科学技术委员会武汉计算机培训中心主任,中国系统工程学会副理事长兼学术委员会主任,中国数学会理事、副会长、名誉理事,湖北省暨武汉市数学会名誉理事长,中国数学物理学会会长,《数学物理学报》主编,《数学年刊》副主编,《数学杂志》及《系统工程与决策》名誉主编,韶关大学名誉校长,第四、五、六届全国人民代表大会代表。",
"title": "李国平 (数学家)"
}
] | [
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] |
7491300#0 | 台湾有哪些景点? | [
{
"docid": "143193#5",
"text": "該處為一絕佳之展望點,台北市風光及四週群山景色可盡收眼底:向北望,近可俯視由左而右排列之四獸山(指「象山」、「獅山」、「豹山」及「虎山」),遠可欣賞五指山、七星山系,及欣賞到基隆河及松山機場飛機起降景觀;向東面及南面可遠眺新北市連綿不絕的山脈,及北二高在山巒間穿梭。",
"title": "南港山 (台北市)"
},
{
"docid": "26341#138",
"text": "桃園市的自然觀光資源豐富,一般人熟知的景點包括東眼山國家森林遊樂區、小烏來風景特定區、 拉拉山風景特定區、角板山行館風景區、慈湖風景區、石門水庫風景區等。 東眼山森林遊樂區是北臺灣最大的森林遊樂區,園內規劃有完善的登山健行步道,沿途有各種景觀、森林植像,景致宜人。不遠處的小烏來瀑布則以神似於新北市的烏來瀑布而聞名,近來則於瀑布上方興建天空步道;於2011年7月2日開放,可隔著玻璃俯視瀑布的壯闊景觀。",
"title": "桃園市"
},
{
"docid": "534106#16",
"text": "基隆河畔附近有許多觀光景點供市民和遊客,進行休閒活動和旅遊觀光。基隆河上游有大量的瀑布及壺穴地形,其中著名的景點有平溪的十分瀑布、眼鏡洞瀑布等。松山段經截彎取直後產生大量河床地,開闢了大佳河濱公園。 基隆河臺北市部分的兩岸,各設有15公里長的休閒用單車專用道。 下游近淡水河的沼澤地區,設有關渡自然公園,以保育及觀賞水鳥生態著名。",
"title": "台北地理"
},
{
"docid": "1005809#10",
"text": "臺中有很多風景名勝與藝文場館,如:臺中國家歌劇院、國立自然科學博物館、國立臺灣美術館、亞洲現代美術館、臺中都會公園、大坑風景區、高美溼地、東勢林場、谷關溫泉與武陵農場等。彰化縣在交通便捷後,設立花卉、蔬果專業生產區,提供都市的一般民眾、專業人士所需。",
"title": "臺灣都會區"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3701752#3",
"text": "從高山、海洋、湖泊、河流、森林、稻田、魚塭、城市等景觀,我們看見臺灣是如此美麗,但也看到各種環境面對人們的開發而造成的改變、破壞和傷害。土地累積了一道道的疤痕、海洋沉澱了一層層的汙染。透過各個不同主題章節的串連,我們化作飛鳥,一起看見臺灣,一起去看這個島嶼的美麗與哀愁。",
"title": "看見台灣"
},
{
"docid": "6271623#0",
"text": "臺灣宗教百景是2013年中華民國內政部舉行票選活動所選出的100個宗教相關景點,這些景點又分成建築、節慶與複合(同時具備建築與節慶者)三種。該次活動徵選出來的候選名單共有417個,網路投票期間是2013年8月20日到10月20日,並在2013年11月22日公告最終入選名單。入選與否,除了參考投票結果外,還有21位專家學者從「歷史與文化價值」、「藝術與創意表現」、「休閒與遊賞功能」等三大面向來評分。",
"title": "臺灣宗教百景"
},
{
"docid": "1529774#1",
"text": "交通部觀光局於2003年所辦理「地景系列(Land form series)」計畫,選出了四個在台灣最具代表性的觀光地區,日月潭即是其一。為了在日月潭向山地區建造一個同時具備遊客服務中心與風景管理處兩種機能的建築,交通部觀光局進行了國際設計比圖活動,由日本「團紀彥建築設計事務所」獲選第一名。",
"title": "向山行政暨遊客中心"
},
{
"docid": "5562434#1",
"text": "乌节路地区主要有多层购物中心和酒店,被視為新加坡旅遊業的中心。其他受欢迎的旅游景点包括新加坡动物园、 河川生态园和夜间野生动物园,這些景點可以提供訪客在夜间在與野生動物在沒有明顯隔閡下探索模擬亚洲、非洲和美洲的野生動物栖息地的條件。新加坡动物园擁有\"开放型动物园\"的概念,即動物是被人工河而非鐵欄與訪客進行安全性的隔離。設於動物園旁的河川生态园則设有位於世界各地的10个不同的生态系统大型模擬展示,其中包括尼罗河、长江流域、密西西比河、亚马逊河以及苔原,園內收有約300种动物,包括许多濒临灭绝的物种。裕廊飛禽公園是另一个以鳥類為主題的动物园,園內擁有很多品种的鸟类,其中包括著名的火烈鸟。",
"title": "新加坡旅游业"
},
{
"docid": "666591#0",
"text": "台灣世界遺產潛力點是指由中華民國文化部所評選出具備登錄世界遺產條件的世界遺產潛力點,它們分別處於台灣本島、金門群島、馬祖列島與澎湖群島。臺灣並非沒有符合世界遺產條件之物件,但不是聯合國一員,所以無法簽署條約。世界遺產潛力點在2002年第一期評估有12處,到2009年新增5個潛力點,到2010年底,台灣的世界遺產潛力點調整並增至為18處。2012年行政院文化建設委員會升格為文化部後,世界遺產潛力點業務轉由文化部文化資產局負責。2014年,文化資產局擬定「臺灣世界遺產潛力點推動情況訪視計畫」,於當年9月10日第12次大會報告訪視機制後,邀請世界遺產專家擔任委員,10月份起進行潛力點實地訪視。",
"title": "臺灣世界遺產潛力點"
},
{
"docid": "2881735#1",
"text": "臺灣位處於亞熱帶地區,新折曲地形造就臺灣高低落差極大的地理環境,因此擁有豐富的氣候型態,故有豐富的自然資源。臺灣亦位居東亞地區交通要道,自古以來有各種不同文化進出,擁有原住民、荷蘭、西班牙、中國、日本等多樣性歷史人文資產。自從觀光開始興盛起,有時會發生脫團事件,2015至17年脫團人數為150人,脫團原因可能是不法工作,或逾期居留等。2018年12月底,藉由新南向政策的「觀宏專案」抵台旅遊的4個越南觀光團152人集體脫隊,是台灣歷年最大的脫逃事件,中華民國外交部與內政部移民署已註銷其電子簽證,並全面追人。清查後僅1人未失聯,3人自行出境,其餘148人失聯。到12月29日,已經找到17人,還有131人至今失聯。其中尋獲的旅客承認是來台不法打工。",
"title": "臺灣觀光"
}
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922010#0 | 英国有哪些摇滚乐队? | [
{
"docid": "11745#20",
"text": "60年代初期,当摇滚乐在美国走向衰退的时候,萌发于英国市区的小乐团终于找到自己的机会。利物浦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰和伦敦等大城市成为这些乐队的聚集地。此时,当年的玩“噪音爵士乐”的年轻人纷纷转投“节拍音乐”。其中有个叫“四人组”的小团体,即是后来的披头士乐队。披头士和很多其他类似的乐队带动起摇滚乐复兴,约在1963年在英国闯出名气,1964年起进入美国市场,被称为英伦入侵。紧随在披头士之后的乐队有动物合唱团、奇想乐团、谁人(The Who)等世界熟知的名字。这些风格各异的乐队又发展出不同的摇滚流派,此时经典摇滚才退出流行。",
"title": "摇滚"
},
{
"docid": "864450#4",
"text": "“英国入侵”(1964年-1966年)极大的影响了车库摇滚。当时在美国已经有大量的年轻白人摇滚乐队,只不过他们那时大多数是在玩器乐摇滚或者冲浪摇滚,要么就是有很浓的节奏布鲁斯味道的传统摇滚乐。他们还没有把注意力放在用个性化的反叛语句来创作自己的音乐。但后来他们广泛地受到了当时以布鲁斯为基础的乐队的冲击,例如滚石乐队(The Rolling Stones),奇想樂團(The Kinks),谁人乐队(The Who),動物樂團,雏鸟乐队,The Small Faces和The Pretty Things等;另一方面也受民谣摇滚的影响,特别是飞鸟乐队,鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan),The Leaves等。",
"title": "車庫搖滾"
},
{
"docid": "3631660#24",
"text": "英國的搖滾樂隊則有披頭四、滾石、齊柏林飛艇、誰人、平克·弗洛伊德、皇后樂團等等。",
"title": "英國文化"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "11745#19",
"text": "面对这场音乐风暴,英国业界最初的反应是——照抄。制作公司找来一些临时乐手,给偶像歌手伴奏翻唱流行的美国歌。尽管英国很快出现了本土草根摇滚乐队,美国音乐仍然主导着这块市场。1958年,英国终于产生了真正的摇滚乐,克里夫·理查德带着一首《Move it》走上排行榜第二名。同时也有一些摇滚乐手通过电视剧走红。克里夫·理查德和他的乐队“影子”是这一时代最成功的英国摇滚乐队。",
"title": "摇滚"
},
{
"docid": "11745#18",
"text": "50年代,英国基本上全盘接受来自美国的摇滚乐文化。两国没有语言鸿沟,美国又在战争期间驻军英国,这使得英美两国在同一时期产生了青少年次文化。英国的爵士乐深受美国影响,布鲁斯和布基伍基风格在英国结合成“传统爵士乐”(Trad Jazz),在社会上风行一时。发源于美国民歌、门槛比较低“噪音爵士乐”在50年代的英国非常流行,很多后来的摇滚乐、民乐、节奏音乐以及节奏布鲁斯音乐家最初是在这种业余乐队里发现自己的潜力。同时,英国观众从电影中接触到美国的摇滚乐文化,《摇摆时钟》这首歌随着电影流传到英国,在进入美国流行音乐排行榜之前4个月,就被英国观众捧上了自己的排行榜。其他美国摇滚名人,包括猫王、小查理和巴迪·霍利,都是英国榜单上的常客。",
"title": "摇滚"
},
{
"docid": "11745#28",
"text": "在英国,战后重建工作比美国更漫长,因此参与摇滚运动的多是劳工家庭的青年(不同于美国的中产阶级富裕青年)。他们最初只是在服饰上反叛,后来才发展出更有持续力的摩托车摇滚青年(rockers)。",
"title": "摇滚"
},
{
"docid": "1155415#22",
"text": "1975年起,猶大祭司、瘦李奇和幽浮已經活躍於國際舞台。在英國的許多城市中,很多年輕人組成的新重金屬樂團紛紛在小場地表演。較大的場地通常是保留給排行榜常勝軍的迪斯可音樂,因為業者普遍認為搖滾樂的表演沒多少利潤。以往大多數低收入的英國樂團都是在夜總會、酒吧、歌舞廳演出,並磨練自己的技術。他們只有在當地建立自己的樂迷基礎,才能有足夠資格與唱片公司代理人談條件。",
"title": "英国重金属新浪潮"
},
{
"docid": "92973#8",
"text": "1988年,呼吸乐队成立,组建者为高旗,硬摇滚风格。同年唐朝乐队成立。也是中国的第一支重金属乐队,由丁武(主唱、节奏吉他手)、张炬(贝斯手),和在京留学生 Kaiser(郭怡广,美籍华人)和他的同学 Szabo 组成。同年清醒乐队成立,国内首支英式摇滚风格乐队,主唱沈黎晖在 1997年成立了著名的唱片公司摩登天空。",
"title": "中国摇滚乐"
},
{
"docid": "969950#0",
"text": "英國音樂至今仍一直非常受歡迎。從1960年代一群音樂家開始推廣搖滾樂以後,英國創造出非常多知名的新音樂領域,像是重金屬、民謠、鼓打貝斯、車庫搖滾、迷幻浩室、龐克、塵垢、金屬、英倫搖滾、新浪潮、輾蕊、血腥輾蕊,以及英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾斯、北愛爾蘭經歷革新後的當地民謠。",
"title": "英國音樂"
},
{
"docid": "92973#5",
"text": "1984年,七合板乐队成立,成员包括崔健、刘元、杨强、周晓明、文博、安邵华、李秀立,主要演唱欧美流行曲。该乐队不是摇滚乐队,但其中崔健等人后来极大地推动了中国摇滚乐发展;同年不倒翁乐队成立,成员有臧天朔、丁武、王迪、王勇、孙国庆、秦齐、李季、严钢、李力,内地第一支尝试用电声器演绎现代音乐的乐队,为中国内地摇滚作了一定奠基。",
"title": "中国摇滚乐"
}
] | [
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6256705#0 | 泰国哪一年与中国建交? | [
{
"docid": "6315697#1",
"text": "1946年1月23日,暹罗与中华民国建交。1975年7月1日,泰国转而与中华人民共和国政府建交。同日,中华民国政府宣布断交。 1975年7月1日,泰国与中华人民共和国建交。",
"title": "泰国驻华大使列表"
},
{
"docid": "4254231#0",
"text": "中泰关系()是中国和泰国之间的关系。泰國於1946年1月23日和中華民國建立大使級外交關係,至1975年7月1日斷交,改與中华人民共和国建交。",
"title": "中泰關係"
},
{
"docid": "4254231#4",
"text": "1971年10月25日,泰國對於中華民國是否續留聯合國的投票採棄權方式,即《聯合國大會2758號決議》。1975年7月1日,泰國與中華民國斷交,與中華人民共和國建交,并开始互派大使。2001年8月,两国政府发表《联合公报》,就推进中泰战略性合作达成共识。2012年4月,两国建立全面战略合作伙伴关系。2013年10月,两国政府发表《中泰关系发展远景规划》。",
"title": "中泰關係"
},
{
"docid": "3324610#9",
"text": "1975年7月1日,泰國與中華民國斷交,同日與中華人民共和國建立正式外交關係。",
"title": "中華民國與泰國關係"
},
{
"docid": "1381421#22",
"text": "1975年,泰國與中華人民共和國建交。",
"title": "泰國共產黨"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "11617#20",
"text": "1992年8月24日在与中華民國中止外交关系后,韩国与中华人民共和国正式建立大使级外交关系。两国建交仅1个月後,卢泰愚便于9月27日率庞大访华团出访中华人民共和国,会见了中共中央总书记江泽民、中国国家主席杨尚昆、中国国务院总理李鹏等领导人,他又邀请杨尚昆主席访问韩国。双方在北京发表了《中韩新闻公报》,并签署了《中韩贸易协定》、《中韩投资保护协定》、《中韩关于设立经济、贸易、技术联合委员会协定》、《中韩科学技术协定》。同年12月22日,韩国又与越南建交。",
"title": "盧泰愚"
},
{
"docid": "7805320#0",
"text": "截至2022年,泰王国已与198个国家建交(包括梵蒂冈、巴勒斯坦两个联合国观察员国,以及科索沃、马尔他骑士团、库克群岛及纽埃)。泰国现已与其余192个联合国成员国全都建立并保持外交关系。",
"title": "泰国外交"
},
{
"docid": "3324610#0",
"text": "中華民國與泰國關係是指中華民國與泰王國(舊稱暹羅)之間的關係。1946-1975年,兩國有官方外交關係。泰国是最后一个与中華民國断交的东南亚国家,斷交後,在對方首都互設具大使館功能的代表機構。兩國雖無外交關係,但是雙方的民間交流未受影響且十分熱絡,兩地間也有密集的客貨運航線。2019年,中華民國為泰國第5大投資来源地,歷年累積投資金額則排名第3。",
"title": "中華民國與泰國關係"
},
{
"docid": "5153553#15",
"text": "6月1-3日,双方举行了第二轮建交谈判。中方重申了建交三原则。韩方立场有所松动,表示同意断交,但由于與中華民國的关系历史已久,韩方希望与中方建交后能与台湾保持“某种特殊关系”,即可以使用电报密码和外交手段的半官方关系。中方认真听取了韩方意见,但对其要求不做回应。实际上,所有与中華民國缔约的国家,在与中华人民共和国建交时,均按照建交三原则行事。韩方对此也是心知肚明。",
"title": "1992年中韩建交"
},
{
"docid": "3324610#11",
"text": "1975年7月1日,泰國與中華民國斷交。為了不中斷雙方的非官方關係來往,於對方首都互設具大使館功能的代表機構。",
"title": "中華民國與泰國關係"
}
] | [
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2965945#0 | 印度尼西亚现任总统是谁? | [
{
"docid": "6359569#0",
"text": "2019年印度尼西亞總統選舉於2019年4月17日舉行,是印度尼西亞第四屆總統選舉。原任總統佐科·維多多和他的競選搭檔、資深伊斯蘭教士、領袖馬魯夫·阿敏在這場選舉中擊敗在2014年總統選舉中落敗的前國民軍將領普拉博沃·蘇比安托和他的競選搭檔、商人、前雅加達首都特區副省長桑迪阿加·烏諾,成功連任。他們在同年10月20日宣誓就職,任期至2024年屆滿。",
"title": "2019年印度尼西亞總統選舉"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3012120#0",
"text": "印度尼西亚共和国总理()是印度尼西亚共和国(印尼)从1945年至1966年实行议会内阁制期间曾经存在过的一个官职。存在期间,总理是印尼的行政首长、内阁的负责人,而当时的内阁与最高立法机构(相当于议会,开始时是印度尼西亚中央国民委员会,后为人民协商会议)和总统并为印尼政府的三大组成部分。1959年7月5日总统令颁布后,时任总理朱安达率领内阁总辞职,苏加诺总统遂自行兼任总理,组成新内阁并开始行使总理职权,直到他因九三零事件而于1966年下台後,继任的苏哈托总统才正式废除总理职位。",
"title": "印度尼西亚总理列表"
},
{
"docid": "4061312#7",
"text": "2014年3月,斗争派民主党提名雅加达行政长官佐科·维多多为该党总统候选人,7月22日,印度尼西亚全国选举委员会宣布佐科·维多多以53.15%的得票率赢得2014年总统大选,成为印尼独立以来的第七任总统。",
"title": "印度尼西亚斗争派民主党"
},
{
"docid": "12482#0",
"text": "印度尼西亚总统即为印度尼西亚国家元首、政府首脑和武装部队最高统帅。",
"title": "印度尼西亚总统"
},
{
"docid": "6482188#0",
"text": "穆罕默德·尤素福·卡拉(,)是印度尼西亚政治家,自2014年起担任印度尼西亚副总统,此前曾在2004年至2009年任职。他在2009年担任总统候选人但未获成功总统选举。自2009年以来,卡拉一直担任印度尼西亚红十字会主席。在2014年总统大选中,卡拉宣称自己是佐科·维多多的竞选伙伴,2012年的一项民意调查显示,他在总统职位前三位竞争者中可能会受到选民的欢迎,并超过他自己党派的提名人。他是第一个担任印度尼西亚副总统的两个非连续任期的人。 尤素福·卡拉于1942年5月15日出生在南苏拉威西省的首府瓦坦波尼。他的父亲是商人哈吉·卡拉母亲是出售丝绸的女人。他是10个孩子中的第二个孩子。",
"title": "优素福·卡拉"
},
{
"docid": "2965945#0",
"text": "穆罕默德·哈达(印度尼西亚语:,)是已故印度尼西亚政治家。他与苏加诺同为印度尼西亚独立运动领袖,印尼独立后任首任副总统,也曾兼任过总理和外交部长。由于与苏加诺政见不合,他最终辞去了副总统之职,但仍为印尼政坛举足轻重的人物。",
"title": "穆罕默德·哈达"
},
{
"docid": "6734872#0",
"text": "扎赫约·库莫罗(,),印度尼西亚政治家,自2014年起加入內閣,自2019年10月起擔任。他是前总统梅加瓦蒂·苏加诺普特里的忠诚支持者,也是其领导的印度尼西亚斗争派民主党(PDI-P)的资深党员。",
"title": "扎赫约·库莫罗"
},
{
"docid": "4506#19",
"text": "總統為印度尼西亞國家元首、最高行政首脑和武装部队最高统帅,並得直接領導內閣、有权单独颁布政令和宣布国家紧急状态法令,对外宣战或媾和等。在经历了苏哈托的新秩序时代后(Orde Baru),印度尼西亞在2004年舉行了首次总统、副總統直接選舉,由苏西洛當選。總統任期5年,可以连任一次。在地方首長方面,人民可以选举市长和省长级别官员。",
"title": "印度尼西亚"
},
{
"docid": "46657#0",
"text": "苏西洛·班邦·尤多约诺(;IPA:, ),印度尼西亚政治人物、第六任总统,他是印尼首位直接普選產生的民選總統。尤多約諾於2004年當選印尼總統,2009年連任。",
"title": "苏西洛·班邦·尤多约诺"
},
{
"docid": "1085018#1",
"text": "2009年7月24日,印尼选举委员会宣布,苏西洛·班邦·尤多约诺以60.8%的得票率,成功连任总统。",
"title": "2009年印度尼西亞總統選舉"
}
] | [
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528455#0 | 法国有哪些奇幻小说? | [
{
"docid": "965294#0",
"text": "《冰人》(,本意为“远古时代”;)是法国科幻小说作家勒内·巴雅韦尔在1968年发表的著名科幻小说。中文版有彭力群的译本,翻译为《冰人》,可见是译自英文版。与另外两篇优秀的科幻小说:《六只纸质十字架》([苏] 罗·列昂尼德夫 著 张雷莉 译)、《神圣的梦》([英] 彼德·菲利浦斯 著 张洁 译)一起结集出版。是河南出版社出版的《科幻小说译丛》系列丛书的一本。",
"title": "冰人 (法国科幻小说)"
},
{
"docid": "1141771#0",
"text": "《神秘岛》()是法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳的一部科幻小说,1874年出版。最初的版本由皮埃尔-儒勒·赫泽尔(Pierre-Jules Hetzel)出版,儒勒·费哈特(Jules Férat)插图。小说是跨界续集,为《格兰特船长的儿女》、《海底两万里》和《神秘岛》三部曲中的最后一部,但主题与前者大相径庭。最初的草稿为《海难家庭:与鲁滨逊叔叔受困》(\"Shipwrecked Family: Marooned With Uncle Robinson\"),深受《鲁滨逊漂流记》和《海角一乐园》的影响,被出版商拒绝,随后重写。凡尔纳也日后小说中构架类似的主题,如《鲁滨逊学校》(\"L'École des Robinsons\",1882年)。",
"title": "神秘岛 (小说)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4130462#8",
"text": "法国奇幻小说多属于浅度奇幻类。浅度奇幻就是法语所形容的“奇幻类”(\"le fantastique\"),但法语中没有和英语词“深度奇幻”对应的说法。加拿大魁北克省康考迪亚大学的荣誉教授大卫·凯特尔(David Ketterer)的说法,“法文术语\"le fantastique\"只指一类特定的奇幻作品,这类作品描述灵异或怪异物传进了我们每天的平凡生活;最接近的英文词只有\"low fantasy\"、\"dark fantasy\"(‘黑暗奇幻’)和\"weird fiction\"(‘志怪小说’)。\"Le fantastique\"一词不包括以托尔金的《指环王》为代表的完全描述第二世界一类的小说。法国没有写‘龙与巫师’故事的传统。”如果遇到了深度奇幻作品,人们就会另找一些像\"le merveilleux\"(“奇迹文学”)或\"le fantastique moderne\"(“新式奇幻”)这样的法语词来描述。",
"title": "浅度奇幻"
},
{
"docid": "965294#17",
"text": "曾经是热卖的畅销小说,作者优美的文字与奇妙的情节让人印象深刻,也体现了作者的反战思想。小说中写的学生游行示威,应该是呼应那一年的法国五月风暴学生示威游行。文章里的两个超级大国之间的对立很难不使人想到二战后美苏两个超级大国之间的对立、军备竞赛和核威慑,还有1962年发生的古巴导弹危机等事件。两个超级大国之间的战争最终导致整个文明的毁灭也是对当今世界的警告。",
"title": "冰人 (法国科幻小说)"
},
{
"docid": "131721#23",
"text": "法国是西欧城市发展最早的国家之一,城市文学最发达。“韵文故事”是法国最流行的一种城市文学类型,其特点是故事性和讽刺性都很强。作品中无情的嘲讽骑士和僧侣的丑态,但同时也暴露市民阶层的贪婪自私。法国城市文学中成就最高的包括两部作品:《列那狐传奇》和《玫瑰传奇》。前者以动物世界隐喻人类社会,对法国文学的影响力巨大而持久,以至于在现代法语中“列那”一词已经成为一般名词,代替了“狐狸”这个单词。18世纪德国作家歌德对之十分推崇,并改写成德语叙事诗《列那狐》。而后者则采用寓意手法,没有曲折的情节,描写梦境、典雅的爱情等主题。这是西方文学中第一部描写梦境的作品,甚至影响到了20世纪的现代文学。",
"title": "中世纪文学"
},
{
"docid": "31469#7",
"text": "19世纪末,20世纪初,欧洲出现了两位重要的小说家,法国人儒勒·凡尔纳和英国人赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯。后者称自己的小说是“Scientific Romance”(科学的傳奇)。从作品来看,他们无疑是今天科幻小说类型的奠基人。一般科幻史认为,科幻小说作为一种严肃的文学体裁广为人知、得到确立,要归功于这两位:",
"title": "科幻小说"
},
{
"docid": "31469#8",
"text": "出生于航海世家的这位法国人,最初是迫于生计才投入小说创作的。凡尔纳的作品在文学风格上继承了冒险小说的一切特点:不可思议的个人冒险、异域风情(如《-{zh-hans:八十天环游地球; zh-hant:環遊世界八十天;}-》)、神秘的人物(如尼莫船长)等。这种幻想的传统源远流长,比如他最著名的作品《海底两万里》中,尼莫(Nemo)船长發现了沉入大西洋的岛屿亚特兰蒂斯,这个传说最早见于古希腊哲学家柏拉图的著作《理想国》。",
"title": "科幻小说"
},
{
"docid": "7055200#0",
"text": "《奇妙小说》()是美国科幻奇幻纸浆杂志,于1940至1941年由纽约弗兰克·蒙西公司出版,后又于1948至1951年经该市流行出版社发行。《奇妙小说》是《著名奇妙奥秘》的姐妹篇,两本杂志刊登的大部分内容都是转载数十年前的科幻或奇幻文学经典作品,作者包括亚伯拉罕·格雷斯·梅里特、乔治·艾伦·英格兰和维克多·卢梭·伊曼纽尔,偶尔也会转载年代更近的作品,如亨利·库特纳与凯瑟琳·露西尔·摩尔合著的《地球的最后堡垒》。",
"title": "奇妙小说"
},
{
"docid": "8049#4",
"text": "在19世纪和20世纪初,真正的奇幻才出現,许多奇幻小說与科幻小说发表在相同的杂志上(通常也是相同的作者)。在20世纪中叶,J·R·R·托尔金的《哈比人歷險記》和《魔戒》、C·S·路易斯的《納尼亞年代記》、娥蘇拉·勒瑰恩的《地海》系列获得了巨大的声望,奇幻小说写作获得了重生,之后的作品多模仿这些成功的作品,从神话、史诗和中世纪浪漫文学中借鉴了许多成分。",
"title": "奇幻作品"
},
{
"docid": "1249903#0",
"text": "《英国奇异谭》()是由篠原美季所创作的轻小说系列作,绘者是河合千草,日版由講談社X文庫WhiteHeart出版。其中文版代理雲南教育出版社在出版1-4卷之后未继续出版。全书内容以英国一所湖畔的全住宿制男子贵族学校为舞台,灵感少年悠里不断的被卷入各种奇异的事件。",
"title": "英国奇异谭"
}
] | [
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7761405#0 | 北海道属与哪种气候? | [
{
"docid": "6106#9",
"text": "北海道除了道南的部分沿海地區屬和溫帶濕潤氣候之外,幾乎所有地區都屬於。北海道的年平均氣溫在5至10度之間,年均降水量在800至1,800毫米之間,和日本其他地區相比,北海道的氣候較為涼爽乾燥。北海道全年氣候溫差頗大,雖然夏季的北海道氣候頗為涼爽,但冬季時大部分地區的平均氣溫可達到零下8度以下,其中又尤以道北、道東地區更為寒冷。特別是內陸的盆地地區全年溫度變化劇烈,旭川市曾在1902年錄得零下41度的記錄,是日本的寒極。但這一地區也是北海道夏季較為炎熱的地區。此外北海道全境均被日本政府定為,部分地區更被指定為特別豪雪地帶。洋流給北海道的氣候帶來很大影響,、親潮(千島海流)等洋流途徑北海道海域。按照氣候特徵,北海道可以分為鄂霍次克海沿岸、日本海沿岸、太平洋沿岸東部和太平洋沿岸西部四個氣候區。日本海沿岸地區比其他三個地區氣溫略高,在夏季降水較少,冬季則受來自大陸的季風影響而降雪較多。太平洋沿岸西部地區包括了自渡島半島南部至日高的太平洋沿岸地區,夏季較為溫暖且降水較多,冬季則相對溫暖且降雪較少。太平洋沿岸東部地區包括了十勝至根室的太平洋沿岸地區,夏季涼爽且降水較少。冬季雖頗為寒冷但降雪亦少。這一地區還以多霧而聞名,釧路市有「日本霧都」之稱。鄂霍次克海沿岸地區則全年降水相對較少。在冬季時鄂霍次克海海域會有接近海岸,使得北海道成為世界上緯度最南的能見到流冰的地區。此外鄂霍次克海沿岸地區在夏季易發生焚風現象,因此這一地區在夏季時有出現溫度反而比北海道南部更高的情況。",
"title": "北海道"
},
{
"docid": "495104#30",
"text": "日本全國可分為五個氣候區,分別是日本海侧氣候區、太平洋侧氣候區、中央高地式氣候區、瀨戶內海式氣候區和琉球诸島式氣候區。日本海型氣候區的範圍的包括了北海道和本州島的日本海側地區。在冬季因西北季風帶來大量水氣,使得日本海沿岸地區在冬季常有大量降雪,其降雪量在世界也位居前列。太平洋型氣候區包括了北海道、本州的太平洋沿岸地區和九州的大部份地區。其夏季因梅雨和颱風的影響降水量較多。而冬季氣候則較為乾燥。中央高地型氣候區的範圍是本州中部的山區地區,這一地區距海洋相對較遠且海拔較高,因而氣溫年較差很大且降水量較少,具有較強的大陸性氣候特徵。瀨戶內型氣候區的範圍是指瀨戶內海沿岸地區,這一地區因被山地包圍,季風受到阻擋,全年降水量都相對較少。琉球群島型氣候區包括了沖繩群島,位於日本的最南端,全年高溫多降水,海洋性氣候特點鮮明。 日本的傳統住宅建築為了適應日本高溫多濕的氣候環境,在設計上注重通風,往往不設固定的牆壁而使用拉門,以促進室內各房間的空氣流通。且在地板和地表間做一定間隔,使得濕氣能從房屋下方通過。然而隨著經濟的發展,傳統的日式房屋數量急劇減少,取而代之的是使用鋼筋混凝土建造的西式住宅。這些住宅大多使用固定牆壁且注重氣密性。都市日益增加的高層建築使得大都市和其近郊的熱島效應日益突出,冬季的氣溫過去和相比有所變暖,而夏季的高溫酷暑也是嚴重的社會問題。",
"title": "日本地理"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6106#43",
"text": "冬季的寒冷氣候,給予北海道發展冬季運動的最佳條件。1972年,札幌市舉辦了冬季奧運會,這是日本首次舉辦冬奧會,也可看出北海道冬季體育的興盛程度。北海道是日本滑雪場最多的地區,並因其優良的雪質吸引了澳大利亞等外國的滑雪愛好者。北海道的冬季體育因氣候差異而呈現出不同的地區特徵。西部地區因降雪較多,滑雪和跳台滑雪等雪上運動興盛。而東部地區則因為氣候乾燥降雪較少,冰球、滑冰等冰上運動的參加者較多。日本有眾多冬季運動選手都是出身自北海道,包括、、、、、高梨沙羅、橋本聖子、等。北海道還擁有和兩個職業冰球球隊。 北海道日本火腿鬥士為日本職棒太平洋聯盟的球隊,其主場位於札幌巨蛋。該隊成立於1945年11月6日,成立時隊名為參議員隊,後來球隊先後轉售給東京急行電鐵(改名為東急飛人隊,直到日本火腿接手前幾次更名都以飛人為吉祥物)與日本火腿(日本火腿鬥士隊)。2004年,日本火腿鬥士隊將主場從東京轉移到位於北海道地區新建完成的札幌巨蛋,球隊名稱也冠上了「北海道」,成為現在的隊名,並更換吉祥物、球衣及隊徽。3度奪下日本一(1962年、2006年、2016年),現今在美國職棒大聯盟活躍的達比修有、大谷翔平就是出身自日本火腿鬥士。北海道在高中棒球上亦有一席之地,曾多次打入甲子園,並培育出田中將大等著名棒球選手。 札幌岡薩多是北海道唯一的一支J聯賽球隊,現在參加J1聯賽的賽事。北海道也是相撲盛行的地方,出身橫綱人數是日本最多。昭和三大橫綱大鵬、北之湖、千代富士均出身於北海道。",
"title": "北海道"
},
{
"docid": "316397#2",
"text": "下可再分三個地區:北陸地方與北信地方是屬於日本海側氣候,冬季的降雪相當大。甲信越地方與岐阜縣的飛驒、地方則為,年溫差相當大。地方則是屬於太平洋側氣候。",
"title": "中部地方"
},
{
"docid": "913251#1",
"text": "北半球主要分布于亚洲、欧洲及北美的北冰洋沿岸地区;南半球同纬度地区为海洋所覆盖,除南极洲沿海个别岛屿以外,基本不存在此气候。该气候以最热月平均气温10摄氏度等温线与亚寒带针叶林气候为界,以最热月平均气温0摄氏度等温线与极地冰原气候分界。",
"title": "苔原气候"
},
{
"docid": "207491#3",
"text": "北陆地方每到冬天時,西伯利亚冷空气受到越后山脉和飛驒山脈的阻挡,常为該地方带来暴雪。而从春天开始冰雪逐漸融化,呈现出典型的日本海側氣候。特别是新潟县南魚沼市和新见市的周边,是日本有名的多雪地带,因此當地設有許多滑雪场。北陆地方有日本最具代表性三名山的其中兩山——立山及白山。",
"title": "北陸地方"
},
{
"docid": "3602209#0",
"text": "北极气候的特点是冬季寒冷漫长,夏季短暂而凉爽。北极不同地区的气候变化多样,但冬夏二季都会经历极端的日照变化。部分地区终年被冰雪覆盖(海冰、冰川或积雪),此外绝大部分地区每年中的大部分时间地表都有冰雪。北极各地区一月份的平均气温在-40℃至0℃之间,冬季大部分地区的最低气温可低至-50℃以下。七月份的平均气温在-10℃至10℃之间,某些地区夏季最高温度可达30℃以上。",
"title": "北极气候"
},
{
"docid": "495104#28",
"text": "在柯本氣候分類法中,北海道、東北地方屬溫帶大陸性濕潤氣候;本州、四國、九州、琉球群島屬副熱帶濕潤氣候。由於日本縱貫的緯度頗大,南北氣溫差異十分顯著;而連綿不斷的山峰縱貫日本列島中央,使得太平洋沿岸地區和日本海沿岸地區氣候差異也很大。因日本地處中緯度大陸東岸,日本氣候明顯受到季候風及洋流交匯的影響。日本是島國,年溫差較小且降水充沛,有明顯的海洋性氣候特徵。以上種種,均導致日本與相同緯度的朝鮮半島、華北等地區的雨量有顯著差異。",
"title": "日本地理"
},
{
"docid": "3602209#1",
"text": "北极地区中部是北冰洋,四周环绕着欧、亚、美洲大陆。因此,北极地区的气候因海洋水体而变得较为温和。北极地区的海水温度基本维持在-2℃以上。正因为有这样相对温暖的海水,在冬季,尽管水面上漂浮着巨大的冰盖,北极仍旧不是北半球最寒冷的地区,而且明显比南极更“温暖”。而在夏季,冰凉的海水也使北冰洋沿岸地区的气温较低。",
"title": "北极气候"
},
{
"docid": "116670#2",
"text": "這些地區由西風帶和副熱帶高壓帶及信风带交替控制。冬季時,西風帶移至此氣候區內,西风从海洋上带来潮湿的气流,加上锋面气旋活动频繁,因此氣候溫和多雨。 夏季時,副熱帶高壓或信風移至此氣候區內,加上沿海涼流的作用,不易形成降水,因此氣候乾燥炎熱。地中海式氣候區由於陽光充足,經常成為觀光地区。地中海式气候区对应的植被类型为副热带常绿硬叶林,此类植物的特点为叶片一般较厚,叶表面有蜡质,以减少水分蒸腾,适应干燥气候。適合生產的農產品包括葡萄、橄欖、柑橘等,故世界上著名的葡萄酒产地多集中于此气候带。",
"title": "地中海式气候"
}
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6503462#0 | 环戊丙酸睾丸酮有哪些不良反应? | [
{
"docid": "6726003#4",
"text": "该药常见不良反应包括中枢神经系统兴奋和胃肠道反应等,较为严重的不良反应包括过敏性休克、药疹、出血、惊厥、意识障碍、静脉炎和肝脏血清转氨酶升高等。",
"title": "亚胺培南/西司他丁"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1153820#32",
"text": "心脏的不良反应可包括心悸、血压变化、心率变化和心跳过速。",
"title": "哌甲酯"
},
{
"docid": "6503462#0",
"text": "戊酸睾酮(或testosterone pentanoate,也称作雄-4-烯-17β-醇-3-酮-17β-戊酸酯androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-valerate),是一种合成雄激素類药物,是睾酮17号C原子β羟基与正戊酸酯化的产物,常用于兽医学,通过肌肉注射给药,比睾酮有着更长时间的药效。",
"title": "戊酸睾酮"
},
{
"docid": "7560709#3",
"text": "该药一般用于:该药不良反应包括贫血、皮疹、瘙痒、嗜睡、失眠、头痛、恶心、厌食、腹痛、腹泻、便秘、尿潴留、过敏性休克等",
"title": "乙哌立松"
},
{
"docid": "916207#5",
"text": "另两个结构都为碳-碳键断开,一个为电荷分离,另一个为双自由基结构。有些环丙酮的反应支持了以上机理:光学纯的(+)-反式-2,3-二叔丁基环丙酮加热到80°C时,会发生外消旋化; 以及光照时,氧代脱氢吡唑烷放出氮气生成茚满的反应(见下),便都可看作是采取了上述的互变异构机理。",
"title": "环丙酮"
},
{
"docid": "1748442#5",
"text": "一种常见使用药剂量的受到限制的副作用是脑病(脑功能障碍)。不同形式的脑病合计大约会出现在50%左右接受治疗的病人。异环磷酰胺在人体内分解产物之一的氯乙醛,一种化学性质与乙醛和水合氯醛类似的物质,可能是导致这种不良反应的原因。异环磷酰胺引起的脑病的症状的范围从轻微(难以集中、疲劳),到中度(谵妄、思覺失調),甚至严重(癫痫持续状态、昏迷)。这对于儿童可影响神经系统的发育。除了大脑之外,异环磷酰胺还会影响周围神经系统。根据國家癌症研究中心,上述不良反应的严重程度可分为I级至IV级。",
"title": "异环磷酰胺"
},
{
"docid": "1153820#30",
"text": "胃肠道的不良反应可包括腹部疼痛和体重减轻。",
"title": "哌甲酯"
},
{
"docid": "7394537#11",
"text": "临床试验中最常见的不良反应是上呼吸道感染(超过10%)、急性鼻咽炎(感冒)、头疼、高血压(至少5%)。至少5%病例谷丙转氨酶水平增高,绝大部分无症状。亦常见血胆固醇水平增高。不常见副作用包括眩晕、感染、皮肤或黏膜疹、胃炎、口腔溃疡。罕见的严重反应包括肠胃穿孔(六个月中0.26%)、过敏性休克(0.2%)。",
"title": "托珠单抗"
},
{
"docid": "1153820#33",
"text": "眼科方面的不良反应可能包括视力模糊和干眼,罕见复视与瞳孔扩大。",
"title": "哌甲酯"
},
{
"docid": "7761633#0",
"text": "环戊胺是一种有机化合物,化学式为CHN。它可由硝基环戊烷的还原反应或环戊酮的还原胺化反应制得。在碳酸钾存在下,它和溴乙酰溴反应,可以得到\"N\"-环戊基溴乙酰胺。",
"title": "环戊胺"
}
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1641541#0 | 中国有哪些书法家? | [
{
"docid": "202805#25",
"text": "南北朝时期流传下来的绝大部分作品都无法考证其作者,由此却可见书法艺术的繁盛。流传下来有名有姓的书法家也很多,南朝主要有羊欣、范晔、王僧虔、萧子云、萧衍、陶弘景等;北朝有崔浩、郑道昭、赵文渊、王长孺等。这些人里面,萧衍是南朝梁的开国皇帝,是有名的皇帝书法家;范晔、王僧孺和萧子云是文学家,而陶弘景则是医学家。",
"title": "中国书法史"
},
{
"docid": "925352#6",
"text": "舉凡中國歷史上的帝皇、名臣,如唐太宗、宋徽宗,以及秦始皇朝的李斯,唐太宗朝的褚遂良,宋代的蘇軾、黃庭堅,乃至清代的劉墉、林則徐,就連歷史上具爭議性的人物,如秦檜、蔡京、嚴嵩、康生、鄭孝胥等人,都是一流的書法家。中國歷史上著名的書法家還有王羲之、顏真卿、歐陽詢、柳公權、張旭、米芾、蔡襄、鮮于樞、趙孟頫、董其昌、王鐸、康有為等。",
"title": "中国书法"
},
{
"docid": "202805#19",
"text": "更重要的是,这个时期出现了一些对后世影响极大的书法家,他们创作的很多作品被后世尊为中国书法的经典之作。三国时期的书法家钟繇擅长楷书,他的小楷作品《宣示表》,被后人誉为“正书之祖”。唐代书法理论家张怀瓘在《书断》中称赞他:“繇尤善书,于曹喜蔡邕刘德升,真书绝世,刚柔备焉。点画之间,多有异趣,可谓幽深无际,古雅有馀。秦汉以来,一人而已。” 东晋时期的王羲之是中国书法史上公认成就最杰出的书法家,被誉为“书圣”。他的行书作品《兰亭序》,是中国书法史上最具有艺术魅力的作品之一,被后世称为“天下第一行书”。受王羲之影响,他的儿子王徽之、王玄之、王献之,孙子王淳之都擅长书法;尤其是王献之与其父齐名,两人并称“二王”。除了钟繇、王羲之父子以书法闻名的之外,还有一些当时的名士在书法上也颇有造诣,例如东晋大臣王导、谢安、庾亮,隐士戴安道;此外,还有出现了一位女性书法家卫夫人,她是王羲之早年的老师。",
"title": "中国书法史"
},
{
"docid": "93254#8",
"text": "中国书法家智永(隋)、褚遂良(唐)、孫過庭(唐)、張旭(唐)、懷素(唐)、米元章(北宋)、高宗(南宋)、趙子昂(元)、文徵明(明)皆有著名的《千字文》书法作品。敦煌出土文書中也有《千字文》手本習字断片,可见最迟至7世紀利用《千字文》练习汉字书法已较普及。",
"title": "千字文"
},
{
"docid": "202805#20",
"text": "在书法理论方面,钟繇的《用笔法》,卫夫人的《笔阵图》,卫恒的《四体书势》,王羲之的《自论书》、《题卫夫人笔阵图后》、《记白云先生书诀》,索靖的《草书状》等,都是书法家从事书法实践的总结;而羊欣的《采古来能书人名》,则是中国书法史上第一部书法家列表。",
"title": "中国书法史"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "202805#0",
"text": "中國書法歷史和中国文字使用的历史一样悠久。自从甲骨文发明以来,中国书法的字体经历了由篆书到隶书、草书、楷书、行书的发展阶段。每个阶段都产生了数量众多的书法家和书法作品,这些书法家和书法作品构成了中国书法的深厚传统。中国书法在古代已经是一门成熟的艺术,有丰富、完整、一脉相承的理论体系,很多理论著作是书法家艺术实践的总结,极大地影响了后人的书法学习和创作。",
"title": "中国书法史"
},
{
"docid": "202805#2",
"text": "显然,把文字刻写到坚硬的甲骨远比写到竹简、缣帛或纸张上,要难得多。人们大多认为,在使用甲骨文的时代,能够同时掌握文字识别和刻写技术的人是非常少的,而这些人可以说就是中国古代最早的一些书法家。尽管如此,在当时书法也不大可能从生活实用中区别出来,人们还没有有意识地去创造和欣赏书法作品。",
"title": "中国书法史"
},
{
"docid": "925352#2",
"text": "书法是中国土生土长的艺术,自身历史背景悠久、深厚,是琴棋书画四艺之一。在中国古代,书法具有非常高的参与程度,一般的知识分子都付出不同程度的努力学习书法,产生了数量众多的书法家。中国自从秦汉以来的各个朝代,都相当多的书法作品被创造出来;其中最优秀者成为皇室、贵族和文人最珍贵的收藏品。此外,中国书法有丰富、完整、一脉相承的理论体系,这表明书法在中国古代已是一门很成熟的艺术。",
"title": "中国书法"
},
{
"docid": "2888076#0",
"text": "张海(),男,河南偃师人,中国当代书法家,曾任中国书法家协会主席,郑州大学美术学院院长。全国政协常委,国务院批准有突出贡献的专家。曾任中国第八、九、十届全国人大代表,河南省文联主席,中国河南省书法家协会主席,河南省书画院院长等。",
"title": "张海 (书法家)"
},
{
"docid": "5203183#1",
"text": "中国书法家协会成立于1981年5月,现在有41个团体会员以及14000余名个人会员,另外设置了17个委员会。",
"title": "中国书法家协会"
}
] | [
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6537783#0 | 法国最好的大学有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "6554630#19",
"text": "大学的国际排名对法国的大学体系来说十分不友好。上海交大2018年的世界大学学术排名中,排名最高的法国大学是:索邦大学36、巴黎南大42、巴黎高师64。在前500中有19所法国院校。这些排名因计算诺贝尔奖获得者的权重过大受到批评(根据大学过去的研究成果排名而非现在的教学水平),也因为法国的研究团队一般都有一所大学和一个研究机构共同成立(导致分数被除以二)。",
"title": "法国的大学"
},
{
"docid": "487522#4",
"text": "巴黎第十一大学是法国最富声誉的大学之一,尤其是在自然科学领域。在2018年上海交通大学的世界大学排名 中,巴黎第十一大学在法国名列第二,世界名列第42。历年ARWU排名中,巴黎第十一大学及其主要竞争对手巴黎第六大学一直占据第1~2名。在物理学与数学方面,该校的表现格外杰出。在2018年上海交通大学的世界大学排名 中,数学名列世界第2,物理名列世界第10。最近连续3届(2002,2006,2010)都有菲尔兹奖获得者。巴黎第十一大学一贯以严谨的学风和高水平的教学闻名,在法国国立大学系统中首屈一指。接近27000名学生,其中:",
"title": "巴黎第十一大学"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6554630#1",
"text": "法国的第一所大学1200年在巴黎成立。法国大革命时期大学都被关闭,又在后来重新开放,到2018年法国共有67所大学。",
"title": "法国的大学"
},
{
"docid": "295053#31",
"text": "在高等教育方面,图卢兹是法国重要的大学城,被《学生》杂志评为“2019至2020年度法国最适合读大学的城市”,境内有图卢兹第一大学、图卢兹第二大学和图卢兹第三大学三所法国公立综合性大学,同时拥有数十家独立的高等教育机构。",
"title": "圖盧茲"
},
{
"docid": "3448#106",
"text": "意大利其他一流大學及理工學院包括:都灵理工大学、米蘭理工大學(在2009年被評選為在世界最佳科技大學排行中名列第57名。從2008年第63位上升6個名次。意大利在2009年將該校是意大利最好的大學,參考指標包括科學生產力、對外國學生吸引力以及其他等方面)、羅馬大學(在2005年名列歐洲第33佳的大學,歐洲50所和世界150所最好的大學之一)與米蘭大學(其研究和教學活動,發展了多年,並且已經獲得重要的國際讚譽。米蘭大學是歐洲研究型大學聯盟唯一的意大利大學,該聯盟擁有20所著名的研究密集型歐洲大學。它也在萊頓排名中名列意大利第1與歐洲第7)。",
"title": "意大利"
},
{
"docid": "6553529#0",
"text": "图卢兹第三大学(),是法国图卢兹的三所所公立综合性大学之一,建立于1969年。学校在世界报的法国最容易就业的大学中排名第一。",
"title": "图卢兹第三大学"
},
{
"docid": "1252444#1",
"text": "巴黎第八大学是一所具有国际影响力的大学,许多拥有国际声望, 法国独一无二的重量级学者与研究人员曾在八大授课,例如 :爱莲·西苏 (Hélène Cixous)是法国著名的女权主义作家,诗人,哲学家,剧作家,诗人,文学批判家及修辞学家。左派思想家弗朗索瓦 沙德烈 (François Châtelet)是法国历史的思想家,在法国政治哲学与历史学上作出了重要的贡献。让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔(Jean-François Lyotard)是法国的哲学家,后现代主义理论家,玛德莲·勒贝留( Madeleine Rebérioux)为法国著名的历史学家。罗伯特 卡斯特 (Robert Castel)是法国社会学家,主要研究被排此在社会之外的课题。伊夫·拉考斯特 (Yves Lacoste) 是法国最著名的地理学家及地缘政治学家之一,被誉为“法国地缘政治之父。拉考斯特于1968年开始在巴黎第八大学授课并且创办了 法国最权威及唯一立志于地缘政治研究的杂志,并且在全世界具有很高的学术影响力的《Hérodote》杂志,它是。同时,他于1989年创办了法国第一个地缘政治研究和分析中心,也就是后来的法国地缘政治研究所,同时也被称为法国地缘政治高等学院(L'École français de Géopolitique), 每年都有大量法国及来去全世界的学生申请其硕士专业,该研究所拥有法国唯一地缘政治专业的博士点。",
"title": "巴黎第八大学"
},
{
"docid": "328449#43",
"text": "在高等教育方面,图尔是法国西部重要的大学城,在校大学生数量超过3万人。2018年,在由法国《》发起的“法国最推荐读大学的城市排名”中,图尔位居第八。图尔大学是法国的一所综合性公立大学,下辖多个二级学院、大学技术学院、和研究所,隶属于中央-卢瓦尔河谷院校联盟。此外,图尔还有多所私立高等学府,包括和图尔高等商业学校()等。",
"title": "图尔"
},
{
"docid": "6554630#25",
"text": "在法国,很多后高中教育(艺术、管理、农学、建筑、军事、商科、土木工程、工业、公证师、兽医等)和后大学教育(管理、档案管理、法官、公证师)都在大学外的学校或高中中进行。",
"title": "法国的大学"
},
{
"docid": "551803#27",
"text": "法国的高等教育分为大学校(高等學院)(法语:grande école)和大学(université)。大学校(高等學院)比大学享有更高的声誉,是法國菁英份子的搖籃,其选择程序也较具竞争性。例如,最负盛名的巴黎高等師範學院和巴黎综合理工学院,通常都有萬餘名高等學院預備班的精英竞争幾百個个名额。",
"title": "法国教育"
}
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2902636#0 | 台湾有哪些城市? | [
{
"docid": "1845820#4",
"text": "台灣《地方制度法》規定,人口聚居達125萬人以上、縣人口聚居到達200萬人以上,且在政治、經濟、文化及都會區域發展上,有特殊需要之地區得設直轄市。中華民國目前共有臺北市、新北市、桃園市、臺中市、臺南市、高雄市六個直轄市。臺灣這六個直轄市之中又以臺北都會區、高雄都會區、臺中都會區為臺灣三大都市。臺北市于1967年升格為直轄市;高雄市於1979年升格為直轄市;新北市、臺中市、臺南市等三個直轄市都是在2010年升格,而臺中市、臺南市和高雄市都在2010年進行了合併;桃園市則是在2014年升格。。",
"title": "大都市"
},
{
"docid": "1005809#0",
"text": "臺灣都會區,大致分為5個大都會區、2個次都會區;分別是臺北、桃園、新竹、臺中、嘉義、臺南、高雄,並組成臺灣西部走廊的重要地帶。臺灣6個直轄市(臺北、新北、桃園、臺中、臺南、高雄)即位於這5個大都會區,3個市(基隆、新竹、嘉義)中的兩個亦為2個次都會區的核心所在。詳見下述。",
"title": "臺灣都會區"
},
{
"docid": "1077670#33",
"text": "府城為臺灣最早發展的城市,前身為荷蘭人興建的赤崁(今中西區)、熱蘭遮(今安平)2市鎮,後因內海淤積逐漸合而為一。加上安南、永康、仁德等地相繼成為臺南市區的擴張及延伸地帶,都會區目前擁有超過100萬人口,為臺灣單一規模第四大的都市建成區,僅次於臺北、高雄及臺中三個都市建成區。市區以外的舊台南縣地區有星點狀分佈的區域中心如新營、佳里、麻豆、新化、歸仁,或是近年來因南科設立帶動繁榮的新市、善化,其餘的地方多是田畝、魚塭、丘陵的農業社會型態。",
"title": "臺南市"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "45443#17",
"text": "台州是沿海城市,拥有丰富的港口资源,全市目前有15个主要港口,其中沿海港口9个,沿江港口6个。台州港是最主要的沿海港口,由健跳港区、临海港区、海门港区、黄岩港区、温岭港区、大麦屿港区等6个港区组成。",
"title": "台州市"
},
{
"docid": "70456#8",
"text": "北港鎮是臺灣最早發展的鄉鎮之一,昔日濱海,在大航海時代及近代農業時代有著舉足輕重的地位、曾為臺灣第2大市街(僅次於臺南府城)。除了早期的交通運輸和經濟地位盛極一時之外,北港朝天宮的建廟、媽祖信仰的廣泛流傳,使得北港鎮近300年來在全臺成為遠近馳名的港鎮,更是著名的美食小鎮。然而由於港口淤積,又缺乏鐵路幹線、高速公路通過,影響力大不如前,現僅為區域中心,人口由全盛時期的近六萬人逐漸下滑至現今數量。",
"title": "北港鎮 (台灣)"
},
{
"docid": "5210168#1",
"text": "臺北市是首都及中央政府所在地,人口逾265萬人,是臺灣人口第4大城,臺北都會區的中心城市。 新北市是臺灣最大的城市,人口逾400萬人,是臺灣人口第1大城,位於臺北市外圍,被視為臺北一部分。另桃園市是屬於臺北生活圈的範圍。有許多重大的基礎建設,如台灣桃園國際機場。",
"title": "北北桃"
},
{
"docid": "26555#0",
"text": "基隆市()是臺灣的市之一,位於臺灣東北部,古名雞籠,以深水谷灣之天然港灣著名,乃臺灣最北端的都市,位於市中心的基隆港則是北臺灣首要航運樞紐,因而有臺灣頭、臺灣北玄關之稱,亦因氣候多雨而別稱雨港、雨都,與高雄並列為臺灣兩大港都。全市劃分為7個區,人口逾36萬人;轄內95%土地為丘陵地,東、西、南三面環山與新北市相鄰,僅北面之環港區域有少量平地與東海毗鄰。",
"title": "基隆市"
},
{
"docid": "45443#0",
"text": "州市(台州话发音:/tʰe33-tɕiɯ33/),简称台,是中华人民共和国浙江省下辖的地级市,位于浙江省东部沿海。市境南界温州市,西邻丽水市、金华市,北接绍兴市、宁波市,东濒东海。地处浙东山地丘陵及沿海平原,地势西高东低,西部多丘陵。北有天台山,南有括苍山、雁荡山,东部为温黄平原。永安溪、始丰溪于市境中部汇合成灵江,往东流汇集永宁江后称椒江,并注入台州湾出海。沿岸有多个港湾,有玉环岛、台州列岛、东矶列岛等岛屿。全市总面积10,038平方公里,人口604.9万,市人民政府驻椒江区。",
"title": "台州市"
},
{
"docid": "223620#30",
"text": "中国大陆常把“”汉译成“市”或县级市。台湾有时直接把“”汉译成“市社”。在英文中,“”的译名则是“区级镇”(district-level town),因為郡、縣在英文中被翻譯為都市區、鄉村區。但是,越南官方中文网站没有一个统一的翻译标准。越南官方中文网站编辑通常不在网站中使用“市社”一词,而是使用“市”和“镇”两种译名。过去,中国大陆习惯将“郡”译作“区”,“社”译作“乡”,“市镇”译作“镇”。",
"title": "越南行政区划"
},
{
"docid": "19897#59",
"text": "台灣則有2個城市上榜,分別是新竹市與台北市。",
"title": "新竹市"
}
] | [
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3671096#0 | 美国有哪些航空公司? | [
{
"docid": "19615#3",
"text": "美国最早的班机商业航线于1914年1月1日设立。最早的航空公司有布兰尼夫国际航空、泛美航空、達美航空、聯合航空(最初为波音的子公司)、環球航空、西北航空和東方航空等。",
"title": "航空公司"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6209814#0",
"text": "美国航空集团公司()是美国一家总部位于德克萨斯州沃斯堡的航空业上市公司。美国航空集团成立于2013年12月9日,由美国航空的母公司与全美航空的母公司合并而成。 美国航空集团是目前全球最大的航空公司,每天约有6,700多架次的航班飞往全球56个国家或地区的350个目的地,年营业收入超过400亿美元,并拥有超过10万人的雇员。美国航空集团且计划接受607架新飞机,这其中包括517架窄体飞机和90架宽体国际飞机。 美国联邦航空管理局于2015年4月8日为美国航空集团公司颁发了单一运营证书,这标志着美国航空与全美航空的合并最终完成。",
"title": "美国航空集团"
},
{
"docid": "5498265#0",
"text": "美国国家航空(National Airlines,)曾是一家总部设在拉斯维加斯的廉价航空公司,于1999年至2002年间运营。这家公司是美国第三家使用“国家航空”为名的公司。该航空公司致力于运送来往拉斯维加斯游客的航空业务,尽管如此,其仅运营数量有限的从拉斯维加斯出发飞往热门城市的航线。这家历史上第三家“美国国家航空”用19架波音 757-200来经营其航线。",
"title": "美国国家航空 (1998年)"
},
{
"docid": "19615#28",
"text": "这些航空公司为它们国内航空飞行服务,同时也连接拉丁美洲各国以及飞往北美洲、欧洲、大洋洲、非洲和亚洲。",
"title": "航空公司"
},
{
"docid": "1180131#0",
"text": "美国航空的航点包括81个美国国内目的地(包括美国本土)和在亚洲,美洲和欧洲的39个海外国家(包括荷兰和英国海外领土)的76个国际目的地。此列表不包括代码共享航空公司的航点,亦不包括美国航空附属子公司美鹰航空和美国航空联运所经营的航点。美国航空在1970年代早期设有经檀香山至大洋洲的航班服务。",
"title": "美国航空航点"
},
{
"docid": "1528512#14",
"text": "途易拥有数家航空公司。这些航空公司此前都归纳在途易飞(TUIfly)的品牌下。在2007年1月途易的两家航空子公司赫伯罗特航空和赫伯罗特快运合并后也采用TUIfly作为新名称,因此现在这些航空公司都将以途易航空的名义运作,并由途易航空管理公司负责管理。除了德国的TUIfly,途易还在法国、比利时、荷兰、英国和瑞典分别拥有科西嘉国际航空、比利时途易飞航空、荷兰途易飞航空、英国途易飞航空、北欧途易飞航空等航空公司。",
"title": "途易集团"
},
{
"docid": "6209814#1",
"text": "截止2017年,美国航空集团公司的主要股份由机构投资者所持有,例如:、波克夏·哈萨威公司、等。",
"title": "美国航空集团"
},
{
"docid": "19615#2",
"text": "航空公司可以按多种方式分类: 德国飞艇股份公司(,缩写)是世界上第一家航空公司,成立于1909年11月16日。它是一家政府参与的公司,使用齊柏林飛船,总部位于法兰克福。世界上依然存在的五家历史最悠久的航空公司为荷兰的荷蘭皇家航空、哥伦比亚的哥倫比亞航空、澳洲的澳洲航空、墨西哥的墨西哥國際航空和捷克的捷克航空。",
"title": "航空公司"
},
{
"docid": "284712#0",
"text": "美国大陸航空(;;)是美國一家已結束營業的航空公司,以芝加哥為基地,曾是美國第五大、全球第六大的航空公司1934年創立於休士頓,2012年吞并聯合航空后以联合航空的名义继续飞行。",
"title": "美國大陸航空"
},
{
"docid": "174244#5",
"text": "美國航空公司是由一个大约82家小航空公司组合透过一系列整合和改革发展而来的:最初,许多飞机都可以自由使用“American Airways”这个名字作为共有品牌。1934年,美國航空公司陷入财政危机,在E.L. Cord的领导下,将公司更名为“American Airlines”。早期的时候,公司的总部是位于伊利诺斯州的芝加哥中途机场。在这段时期美航的一个创新就是在飞机上使用了空乘人员。",
"title": "美國航空"
}
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134597#0 | 灵长类动物有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "1215032#0",
"text": "灵长类学(英文:Primatology)是一门研究灵长类动物的学科。它属于体质人类学的分支学科。研究的范围包括灵长类的演化、遗传、行为等方面,而研究的对象则包括原猴、新世界猴、旧世界猴、类人猿等灵长类物种。灵长类動物学是一个新兴学科,起源于1920年代。",
"title": "灵长类学"
},
{
"docid": "36446#28",
"text": "非人类灵长类动物(NHP)常用于毒理学测试、艾滋病及肝炎研究、神经学研究、行为和认知、生殖、遗传学和异种移植等领域。他们通常来自野外捕获或是人工繁殖。在美国和中国,大多数灵长类动物是由本国进行人工繁殖,而在欧洲,大多数灵长类动物依靠进口。欧盟委员会报告称,2011年,欧洲各地的实验室总共对6,012只猴子进行了试验。根据美国农业部的数据,2016年美国有71,188只猴子被用于实验室研究。2014年,有23,465只猴子被进口到美国,其中929只是在野外捕获的。在实验中最常使用的NHP是猕猴;但也使用了、蜘蛛猴和松鼠猴等,而在美国还使用狒狒和黑猩猩。截至2015年,美国实验室约有730只黑猩猩可供科学研究。",
"title": "動物試驗"
},
{
"docid": "6593761#6",
"text": "动物园内的灵长目动物包括:西部低地大猩猩、黑猩猩、山魈、东黑白疣猴和猩猩等。",
"title": "马德里动物园"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "471074#28",
"text": "大置换的变化模型中的一个重要支撑要素是——在大置换中,欧洲地区所有的灵长类动物都灭绝了;但是最近发现的一种生活于渐新世早期的、大小与鼠类相仿的灵长类动物——海岸潟湖灵长类(omomyid)(这一发现表明在那个时期,小型哺乳类动物更易于生存),则进一步削弱了这一大置换变化模型。",
"title": "始新世"
},
{
"docid": "1517035#7",
"text": "其他的13種靈長目動物則包括、、和等,另外還有非洲森林象、、大林豬和紫羚等哺乳類動物。",
"title": "卡胡兹-别加国家公园"
},
{
"docid": "44945#21",
"text": "三个国家公园中所发现的大型哺乳动物种类也是最多的,公园也均属于指定保护区。阿卡盖拉国家公园拥有包括长颈鹿和大象在内的典型稀树草原动物,而火山国家公园则是世界上约三分之一山地大猩猩的栖息地。纽格威森林公园拥有包括黑猩猩和鲁文佐里树栖疣猴在内的13种灵长类动物,其中鲁文佐里树栖疣猴会有多达400只进行群体活动,数量上超过非洲的其他任何灵长类动物。",
"title": "卢旺达"
},
{
"docid": "389688#0",
"text": "獼猴('),猴科的一屬,是亞洲和北非地區最常見的一類猴,也稱為猢猻。除人类以外,猕猴是在全球分布最广泛的灵长类动物。现在已知的猕猴共有23种,分布在亚洲、北非和南欧。是雜食性動物。",
"title": "獼猴"
},
{
"docid": "147492#3",
"text": "滇金丝猴是世界上栖息海拔高度最高的灵长类动物。它们活动于海拔2500~5000米左右的高山暗针叶林内。如同其他灵长类动物一样,滇金丝猴也有社群等级行为,猴群为多雄多雌的混合群体,但种群内数量不大,多为20-60只,以家庭为单位活动。一个家庭常由一只雄性和2~3个雌性及若干幼仔组成。",
"title": "滇金丝猴"
},
{
"docid": "36434#14",
"text": "灵长目动物大多是社会性动物。他们的生活和迁徙都是成群结队进行的。其规模大小根据种类的不同而不同。在群体中,有一只成年雄性的个体是整个群体的领导者。",
"title": "灵长目"
},
{
"docid": "202240#3",
"text": "灵长类动物学家继续探索不同大猩猩种群之间的关系。这里列出的物种和亚种是大多数科学家都同意的。",
"title": "大猩猩"
}
] | [
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495869#0 | 香港四大天王都有谁? | [
{
"docid": "34636#0",
"text": "香港四大天王()是指香港流行文化的一種現象,代表人物為1990年代初香港最受歡迎的四名男歌手:張學友、劉德華、黎明、郭富城(按出道成為歌手的年份排序)。 4人於1980年代先後加入娛樂圈成為歌手或演員,在1990年代初期各自冒起,並於1992年同時被傳媒稱為「四大天王」,继承了八十年代以來林子祥、陳百強、梅艷芳、譚詠麟和張國榮在香港樂壇的地位,自1990年代至今在音樂、影視、舞蹈、商業、慈善等領域均獲得傑出的成就,在華人社會具有廣泛的影響力和知名度。在2020年代仍然有唱片公司將各人以往的歌曲作品重新推出,也有作者以「香港四大天王」為主題出版著作,香港四大天王的封號一方面代表香港娛樂圈一度表面上的繁榮盛世,另一方面對市場形成了壟斷,給華語流行樂壇的發展來了負面的影響,各人在2000年代淡出樂壇後,香港樂壇隨後多年來被詬病為青黃不接。隨著許冠傑、林子祥、陳百強、譚詠麟、張國榮、梅艷芳、鍾鎮濤、徐小鳳等1970至1980年代知名歌手相繼淡出香港流行樂壇颁奖礼,張學友、劉德華、李克勤、草蜢和Beyond樂隊等歌手於1990年代初開始冒起。黎明在1980年代後期至1990年代初期因主演電視劇集而受到觀眾的注意,歌唱事業也因此發展理想,唱片銷量排行IFPI香港唱片銷量大獎前列,當中專輯《是愛、是緣》更成為1991年IFPI最高銷量唱片專輯。黎明和劉德華的形象同屬偶像派,一样靠收视高企的tvb电视剧走红后开始发唱片,曾被媒體稱為「藝壇雙子星」,也有媒體將他們二人及張學友統稱為「三劍俠」。1990年尾,郭富城在台灣演出機車廣告,開始受到關注,隨後灌錄了三張國語大碟,其中《對你愛不完》及《我是不是該安靜的走開》等歌曲紅遍港澳臺,1992年初以歌手身份返回香港發展。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#1",
"text": "1992年,張學友、劉德華、黎明、郭富城同屬香港最受歡迎的男歌手之一,《東方日報》為此寫了一篇描寫香港流行樂壇的打油詩,引起了「香港演唱會之父」張耀榮的興趣,並統稱四人為「四大天王」,此稱號獲得公眾廣泛地認可和接受,一直沿用至今。另一說法則是前香港電台助理廣播處長張文新在1992年香港電台「太陽計劃」活動上,邀請四人同台表演並即場向香港傳媒封四人為「四大天王」。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "7408764#21",
"text": "香港四大天王指1990年代期間香港男歌手的代表人物:張學友、劉德華、郭富城、黎明(按年齡由大至小順序排列)。",
"title": "台灣四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#3",
"text": "1999年,黎明率先宣佈退出香港樂壇頒獎禮,當時他認為「四大天王」這四個字在香港本地及報紙上已刻上多年,是永遠不能洗脫的名稱,而張學友、郭富城、劉德華在不久之後也相繼淡出樂壇,「四大天王」的流行文化現象逐漸冷卻,香港樂壇亦開始進入衰落時期,惟「四大天王」的稱號至今仍廣泛流傳,四人仍具有相當的影響力。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#7",
"text": "自1980年代至今,四人之間曾經個別合作演出電影及電視劇集,以及一同出席綜藝節目及音樂頒獎禮等活動。2015年,黎明接受媒體訪問時表示,他們四人都有自己的獨特之處,彼此的生活、嗜好和工作方式不一樣,因此暫時沒有必要合作演出;2019年,劉德華接受媒體訪問時表示,期望四人能夠合作擔任季選秀節目的導師,惟他表示張學友好像不願意。下表列出四人曾經一同或個別合作的節目活動或影視作品: 指1990年代期間最有機會問鼎四大天王以外第五人的男歌手人選,實際上此角色從未正式得到承認,天王仍然只有張劉黎郭四位。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7408764#5",
"text": "媒體經常把「台灣四大天王」和「香港四大天王」做對比。90年代初,「香港四大天王」的封號家喻戶曉,比「台灣四大天王」的名氣大。「香港四大天王」在影視方面多栖發展,缺乏音樂創作能力,而「台灣四大天王」都自己作曲填詞,是創作型歌手。「台灣四大天王」的音樂作品和音樂理念影響了華語樂壇 2020年台灣廣播電視台還在介紹他們並播放他們以往的歌曲作品",
"title": "台灣四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#6",
"text": "四人自1990年代至今在音樂、影視、舞蹈、商業、慈善等領域均獲得傑出的成就,具有廣泛而持久的影響力。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#4",
"text": "2004年11月,譚詠麟在接受傳媒訪問時,將古巨基、許志安、梁漢文及李克勤四名歌手稱為「新四大天王」,引起各方的爭議及討論,四名歌手均表示自己並未達到「四大天王」的成就,不願意被稱為「新四大天王」,市民大眾、媒體及業內人士均認為「新四大天王」的稱號名不副實,事件最終亦不了了之,評論認為事件反映出1990年代的「四大天王」在大眾心目心無法被取代和超越。這也體現出和四大天王同時期的歌手被擠壓的後果,那些生不逢時的真正的實力派男歌手水平被嚴重低估,甚至被迫轉行做節目主持或者其他幕後工作。在他們事業的黃金年代面對不公平競爭,沒有得到應有的市場認可",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "34636#5",
"text": "有媒體分析認為,隨着無線網絡技術的發展和普及,網路紅人的數量快速增長,大眾的注意力被分散,愛好者被瓜分到各個社群中,可能不會再誕生「四大天王」這類家喻戶曉的跨年代巨星。香港影評人石琪認為「四大天王」在21世紀應可繼續各展所長,彼此競爭,但同時認為香港演藝界的黃金時期已經一去不返,新一代藝人的出頭機會大不如前。專欄作家楊崢在其撰文中表示,「四大天王」具有自己的個人特色,他們的共通點是努力上進、積極求變,四人同樣難以被取代。從事電影導演、編劇兼作家的何言在其出版的著作中表示,「四大天王」這個稱號足以代表整個香港娛樂圈的繁榮盛世,四人的影響力超出了樂壇,延伸到電視、電影、商業、慈善等領域,在1990年代至今已經超過二十多年,地位依然舉足輕重,他們的作品成為了大眾的集體回憶。香港教育大學客座首席講師許為天曾於報章撰文,表示「四大天王」是香港珍貴的文化資產,四人的成就不止於演藝舞台,也是香港人努力成功的見證。作者認為四人具有偶像的魅力,容易被青少年接受,而他們在成長過程中的奮鬥經歷、在演藝生涯中的待人處事智慧,更令學生容易吸收,認為教師在向學生介紹「流行文化」時應加以教導和啟發,將四人具備的優點(例如:堅毅、承擔、溝通、創新等)傳承下去。",
"title": "香港四大天王"
},
{
"docid": "5100261#0",
"text": "四大天王(Four Best Born)是在1996年組成的臺灣流行男子音樂組合,成員有羅志祥、歐漢聲、陳顯政和陳霆叡(原名陳中威),活躍於1996年2月至1998年7月,團名來自成員善於模仿香港四大天王。",
"title": "四大天王 (團體)"
}
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7811785#0 | 法国有哪些时装品牌? | [
{
"docid": "796484#9",
"text": "法国是全球最大的时尚奢侈品及化妆品生产国之一,拥有路易威登、爱马仕、香奈儿、迪奥、兰蔻、欧莱雅等多个世界顶级品牌。",
"title": "法國經濟"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "525618#0",
"text": "蔻依()法国时装公司于1952年,由Gaby Aghion 成立,總部設於巴黎。 在1953年的第二年,Aghion與Jacques Lenoir正式合作,由Jacques管理品牌生意上的事务,这使得Aghion能夠专心追求Chloé的創意發展。 蔻依總部位於法國巴黎。 品牌歸奢侈品牌控股公司歷峰集團所有,为集团旗下少有的时装品牌。",
"title": "蔻依"
},
{
"docid": "431170#0",
"text": "巴黎世家(,,中文有时也翻译成巴隆夏加、巴伦西亚加)是一家歐洲时装品牌,由来自西班牙巴斯克地区的艺术家克里斯托瓦尔·巴伦西亚加(Cristóbal Balenciaga)所创立。由法国開雲集團旗下的古驰持有。巴黎世家以其嚴格的標準而聞名,被克里斯汀·迪奧稱為“我們所有人的大師”。他的泡泡裙和古怪、女性化的「現代派輪廓」成為品牌的一大特色。",
"title": "巴黎世家"
},
{
"docid": "296606#0",
"text": "克麗絲汀·迪奥(),简称迪奥(),是源自法国的國際奢侈品品牌,由法国时装设计师克麗絲汀·迪奧於1946年創立,總部位於巴黎。主要经营時裝、配飾、香水、化妆品、童装等高档消费品。其男装品牌现已独立为迪奥男装。其亦為全球最大的奢侈品公司LVMH的最大股東,握有LVMH總共42.38%的普通股及59.3%的。",
"title": "克里斯汀·迪奧 (品牌)"
},
{
"docid": "4302628#0",
"text": "Miu Miu是由Miuccia Prada於意大利米蘭創立的一所時裝公司,名字取於Miuccia Prada的花名Miu Miu。目前Miu Miu全權由Prada管理。 Miu Miu早前迁至位于法国巴黎马提翁街18号的Prada集团法国分公司办公楼。这幢大厦刚经过重新布局以安置Miu Miu品牌团队,包括销售部门,营销部门和广告宣传部门员工。这将是Prada集团旗下这个女性时装品牌的全新总部地址,而留在米兰的只有设计团队。",
"title": "Miu Miu"
},
{
"docid": "5193203#0",
"text": "巴黎時裝週(Fashion Week de Paris),是全球四大著名時裝週(即米兰、巴黎、纽约、伦敦时装周)之一,起源于1910年,由法国时装协会主办。",
"title": "巴黎時裝週"
},
{
"docid": "3448#151",
"text": "義大利時裝發展擁有悠久的歷史,被認為是世界上最重要的地區之一,與法國、美國、英國及日本時裝並列。米蘭、佛羅倫斯和羅馬是義大利的主要時裝之都。然而,那不勒斯、杜林、威尼斯、博洛尼亞、熱那亞和維琴察則是其他的時裝中心。根據2009年全球語言監測(Global Language Monitor)的數據顯示,米蘭被認為是世界上真正的時裝之都,甚至超越其他國際城市,例如紐約、巴黎、倫敦與東京,羅馬則名列第4位。義大利主要的時裝品牌被視為最優秀的時裝公司之一的世界,例如古驰、普拉达、范思哲、瓦伦蒂诺、阿玛尼、杜嘉班纳、米索尼、芬迪、Moschino、Max Mara與菲拉格慕等。此外,時裝雜誌《Vogue Italia》被認為是世界上最重要和最負盛名的時裝雜誌。",
"title": "意大利"
},
{
"docid": "3180150#0",
"text": "法国国际时装学院()是于1982年成立于法国巴黎的时装学院。学院提供时装设计、时尚市场营销两个方向的本科课程,以及时装商业、奢侈品品牌管理和全球时尚传媒等方面的硕士课程。2002年,法国国际时装学院与上海工程技术大学合作,成立其中国校区——位于上海的中法埃菲时装设计师学院,自此学校拥有巴黎和上海两个校区,并在时装商业和奢侈品管理两类课程上推出了与意大利时尚名校Polimoda合作的办学项目。",
"title": "IFA Paris"
},
{
"docid": "1711195#31",
"text": "義大利時裝發展擁有悠久的歷史,被認為是世界上最重要的地區之一,與法國時裝,美國時裝,英國及日本時裝並列。米蘭、佛羅倫斯和羅馬是義大利的主要時裝之都。然而,那不勒斯、杜林、威尼斯、博洛尼亞、熱那亞和維琴察則是其他的時裝中心。根據2009年全球語言監測(Global Language Monitor)的數據顯示,米蘭被認為是世界上真正的時裝之都,甚至超越其他國際城市,例如紐約、巴黎、倫敦與東京,羅馬則名列第4位。義大利主要的時裝品牌被視為最優秀的時裝公司之一的世界,例如Gucci、Prada、Versace、Valentino、 Armani、Dolce & Gabbana、Missoni、Fendi、Moschino、Max Mara與Ferragamo等。此外,時裝雜誌《義大利時尚》被認為是世界上最重要和最負盛名的時裝雜誌。",
"title": "義大利文化"
},
{
"docid": "5431193#9",
"text": "在20世纪20年代中期,公司与纽约的进口商进行销售合作,VIONNET时装打入美国市场,成为第一个把高级时装销售到美国的法国品牌。1924年2月,VIONNET纽约沙龙在Hickson开幕,发布一系列独家设计收藏礼服,同时VIONNET & CIE公司与第五大道的零售商店Hickson Inc希克森公司签署一项独家销售协议。建筑设计师拉克鲁瓦叶利钦被任命为时装屋的艺术总监,从1924年至1937年期间,他设计了家具、标识、印花纺织品、手袋、配饰等作品,并参与了VIONNET后来的香水计划。",
"title": "玛德琳·薇欧奈"
}
] | [
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5189204#0 | 塔吉克斯坦的首都在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "73601#0",
"text": "杜尚别(,)是中亞國家塔吉克斯坦的首都,位於北緯38.5度、東經68.8度,人口在2000年統計約有53萬6千人。又譯做杜桑貝、杜夏貝、杜山比、-{zh-tw:杜尚别;zh-cn:杜尚貝}-。杜尚别在塔吉克語解作「星期一」,即指杜尚别著名的星期一市場。",
"title": "杜尚别"
},
{
"docid": "2928772#0",
"text": "圖爾孫扎德是塔吉克斯坦的城市,由國家直轄區負責管轄,位於該國西部,距離首都杜尚別60公里,毗鄰與烏茲別克接壤的邊境,2011年人口30,400人。",
"title": "圖爾孫扎德"
},
{
"docid": "4957369#0",
"text": "塔吉克斯坦最大的城市群是首都杜尚别,共843,252人。全国人口的13%居住在首都地区。",
"title": "塔吉克斯坦城市列表"
},
{
"docid": "1822362#0",
"text": "-{塔吉克航空}-()是塔吉克斯坦的國家航空公司,總部設在該國首都杜尚別,主要服務於独联体、東亞國家與杜尚别之間的航線。",
"title": "塔吉克航空"
},
{
"docid": "2928734#0",
"text": "庫爾干秋別(、、)是塔吉克斯坦的城市,也是哈特隆州的首府,位於該國西南部,距離首都杜尚別約100公里,2006年人口約85,000,是全國第三大城市。 据估计,该市人口接近102000人(2014年),是该国第三大城市。该市的人口波动取决于随季节移动的在俄罗斯的塔吉克移民工人。与首都杜尚别相同的是,库尔干秋别的人口多样化程度远远超过塔吉克斯坦的其他城市与苦盏、库洛布和伊斯塔拉夫尚。种族包括塔吉克族,乌兹别克族,俄罗斯族,鞑靼人,乌克兰人,哈萨克人,希腊人等。库尔干秋别有大量的俄罗斯族,他们大多被市内的农业和工业综合体雇佣。塔吉克斯坦的大部分政治反对派来自库尔干秋别。",
"title": "庫爾干秋別"
},
{
"docid": "3733768#0",
"text": "塔吉克斯坦国家博物馆()成立于1934年8月12日,位于塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别,1999年11月27日改为现名。",
"title": "塔吉克斯坦国家博物馆"
},
{
"docid": "2928758#0",
"text": "瓦赫達特是塔吉克斯坦的城市,由國家直轄區負責管轄,位於該國西部,距離首都杜尚別10公里,始建於1927年9月17日,海拔高度870米,2009年人口45,693。",
"title": "瓦赫達特"
},
{
"docid": "3837836#1",
"text": "現時,塔吉克國家奧林匹克委員會的總部設在首都杜尚別,主席是Emomalii Rahmon。",
"title": "塔吉克斯坦國家奧林匹克委員會"
},
{
"docid": "3451326#0",
"text": "塔吉克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国()是苏联乌兹别克共和国下的一个自治共和国。作为今日塔吉克斯坦的前身短暂存在了五年。苏联根据1924年相关政策,将原有的突厥斯坦、花剌子模和布哈拉三个共和国按照民族区域划分为五个新国家。塔吉克自治共和国自那时成立,归属于同时成立的乌兹别克共和国管辖。1929年,在一些领导人的倡议下,塔吉克自治共和国将索格特并入,并脱离乌兹别克升格为塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国。首都杜尚别也更名为“斯大林纳巴德”以纪念斯大林。",
"title": "塔吉克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国"
},
{
"docid": "7791571#4",
"text": "塔吉克航空公司总部位于该国首都杜尚别的杜尚别国际机场,-{塔吉克航空}-和索蒙航空的樞紐機場亦设于此,该机场也是塔吉克斯坦最主要的机场。除此之外,在苦盏、霍罗格等国内重要城市也有地方机场。",
"title": "塔吉克斯坦交通"
}
] | [] | [
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1898399#0 | 宁夏有哪些铁路线? | [
{
"docid": "3932954#1",
"text": "1958年8月1日,全长990公里的包兰铁路(包头↔兰州)在银川接轨,宁夏结束了没有铁路的历史。包兰铁路建成后,随即开行了经由银川开往兰州和三盛公(位于内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市)的两趟混合列车,这也是银川火车站仅有的两趟旅客列车。1958年11月,这两趟列车合并成包头↔兰州间的普通旅客列车,车次变为101/102次 。1959年夏季,由大同客运段担当的京兰61/62次直快车队组建完成,开行了北京往返兰州的61/62次直快列车。该列车的开行,使得宁夏有了直通首都北京的旅客列车。1961年,随着全国铁路调整运行图,该列车车次变更为43/44次,并一直沿用至今。1959年至1975年这十几年间,43/44次直快列车成为了宁夏人民去往北京的唯一列车。这种情况,直到1975年开行了北京往返银川的169/170次直快列车以后才得以改观。",
"title": "Z275/278、Z277/276次列车"
},
{
"docid": "4378#37",
"text": "南宁有通往自治区内其他地级市的铁路。主要有柳南城際鐵路(南宁-柳州)、南钦铁路(南宁-钦州)、南凭铁路(南宁-凭祥)。 截至2018年末,除河池、崇左未与南宁通高铁外,自治区内其余11个地级市柳州、桂林、北海、欽州、防城港、貴港、梧州、賀州、百色、来宾、玉林均有开往至南宁的動車組車次,主要是以南寧站或南寧東站為起始車站。 黎湛铁路(黎塘-湛江)、黎钦铁路(黎塘-钦州),这两条铁路均不经过南宁市区内的火车站。",
"title": "南宁市"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4378#40",
"text": "截至2021年,南宁共有4条运营中的地铁线路,分别是、、和。。南宁目前仍有1条在建线路,即,预计2021年底开通试运营。3号线南延线、4号线北延线和东沿线、5号线南延和北延线、6号线、机场线、武鸣线等仍在规划或开工初期,其中机场线以市郊铁路的标准申报,线路全长约23公里,共设5座车站、1座车辆段,为钢轮钢轨制式、双线技术标准,速度目标值120公里/小时,投资估算总额约84.5亿元。项目已于2020年2月获广西壮族自治区发展和改革委员会的批复。。",
"title": "南宁市"
},
{
"docid": "101845#0",
"text": "宁西铁路是连接南京与西安两座城市的铁路系统,东起江苏省南京市,经安徽省合肥市、六安市,河南省信阳市、南阳市,湖北省随州市,穿越秦岭进入陕西省,经商洛市、渭南市,至西安市西安站,全长1075.69公里,是中国“十五”规划的“八横八纵”主通道之一。",
"title": "宁西铁路"
},
{
"docid": "4713390#0",
"text": "宁大铁路,又名大通煤矿支线,是一条连接青海省西宁市和大通回族土族自治县的支线铁路,全长39千米,最初由兰州铁路局管辖,现由青藏铁路公司管辖。该线为当时规划建设的西宁至张掖铁路的前期铺垫,于1966年开工建设,1968年修建至大通县时停止继续修建。该线于2008年停止办理客运业务。主要车站:西宁站、西宁北站、孙家寨站、长宁堡站、陶家寨站和大通县站。",
"title": "宁大铁路"
},
{
"docid": "4378#34",
"text": "南宁第一条铁路是湘桂铁路,于民国25年(1936年)由铁道部与湖南、广西两省协商修建。民国27年开始建设,后因日军入侵南宁而停工。1954年,湘桂铁路全线贯通,成为贯穿广西全境并与越南铁路接轨的首条通过南宁的干线。 湘桂鐵路的南端与越南的河同铁路北端相连,2009年1月1日为适应2010年建成的中国-东盟自由贸易区的需要,南宁至河内正式开通旅客列车,列车车次使用T8701/8702次(中国境内,越南境内为MR1/2次),全程约400公里,单程运行时间约12小时。该线路是中国连接东南亚泛亚国际铁路的重要通道。",
"title": "南宁市"
},
{
"docid": "35559#22",
"text": "20世纪初,江阴就曾经酝酿建造一条从江阴到武进横林的铁路,但考虑到当时的经济条件并未付诸现实。2002年12月新长铁路全线完工,结束了江阴没有铁路的历史。新长铁路在江阴以轮渡方式过长江。江阴境内29公里,共设两个站:江阴站和月城站,另外建有轮渡栈桥。目前江阴境内只开行货运列车。2005年曾发生多起路堤坍塌。铁路货运运力不足,并未显现出优势,而轮渡过江的方式也成为一个瓶颈。目前已经有专家建议建设江阴铁路大桥。镇南铁路(由江苏镇江经江阴到上海南翔)已经在1999年立项。常州—江阴—常熟—苏州城际轨道交通线也在规划中。另外,京沪高铁从江阴市境内的璜土,青阳,徐霞客和祝塘四个镇通过,但没有设站。",
"title": "江阴市"
},
{
"docid": "3824228#0",
"text": "红淖三铁路是中国新疆维吾尔自治区哈密地区境内的一条铁路,南起兰新铁路红柳河站接轨,向北至淖毛湖煤田、三塘湖煤田。线路全长625千米。主要服务于原煤外运,兼顾煤化工产品运输。",
"title": "红淖三铁路"
},
{
"docid": "1127474#0",
"text": "宁省铁路是20世纪中国南京城内一条连接沪宁铁路和南京市区的铁路,1907年10月20日动工,1908年12月竣工,1958年7月12日拆除。线路起自下关江口站(今南京港务局近侧),经北极阁南行而达雨花门外之养虎巷,全长15.1公里,标准轨距。",
"title": "宁省铁路"
},
{
"docid": "101845#1",
"text": "宁西铁路在江苏省内约26公里,安徽省约240公里,湖北省约18公里,河南省约531公里,陕西省约155公里。其中南京到叶集段属上海铁路局管辖,祖师庙到小林段属武汉铁路局管辖,月亮店到富水站段属郑州铁路局管辖,商南到新丰镇段属西安铁路局管辖。",
"title": "宁西铁路"
}
] | [
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7296293#0 | 有机化合物有哪些结构特点? | [
{
"docid": "338511#2",
"text": "在很多有机化合物中能发现吲哚结构,比如色氨酸及含色氨酸的蛋白质,生物碱及色素中也包含有吲哚结构。",
"title": "吲哚"
},
{
"docid": "797988#2",
"text": "其他表示有机化合物结构的还有伞形式、锯架式、键线式,以及费歇尔投影式和哈沃斯透视式等。",
"title": "纽曼式"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "10405#0",
"text": "有机化学是研究有机化合物及有機物質的结构、性质、反應的学科,是化学中极重要的一个分支。有机化学研究的對象是以不同形式包含碳原子的物質,又称为碳化合物的化学。有關有机化合物或有機物質結構的研究包括用光譜、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱或其他物理或化學方式來確認其組成的元素、組成方式、實驗式及化學式。有關性質的研究包括其物理性質及化學性質,也需評估其,目的是要了解有機物質在其純物質形式(若是可能的話),以及在溶液中或是混合物中的性質。有機反應的研究包括有機物質的製備(可能是有機合成或是其他方式),以及其化學反應,可能是在實驗室中的,或是In silico(經由電腦模擬的)。有机化学研究的範圍包括碳氫化合物,也就是只由碳和氫組成的化合物,化合物中也有可能还会参与其他的元素,包括氮、氧和卤素,还有诸如磷、硫等元素(以稀有氣體以外的非金屬元素為主,不包括類金屬元素硼、矽、鍺、砷、銻、碲、釙、砈)。 。有机化学和許多相關領域有重疊,包括药物化学、生物化学、有机金属化学、高分子化学以及材料科学等。有机化合物之所以引起研究者浓厚的兴趣,是因为碳原子可以形成稳定的长碳链或碳环以及许许多多种的官能基,这种性质造就有机化合物的多样性。有機化合物是所有碳基生物的基礎。有機化合物的應用範圍很廣,包括醫學、塑膠、藥物、、食物、化妆品、护理用品、炸藥及塗料等。",
"title": "有机化学"
},
{
"docid": "692898#4",
"text": "1913年,威廉·亨利·布拉格和威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格确定了氯化钠的晶体结构。他们发现每个原子都有六个等距的相邻原子,表明了这些成分不是排列成分子或有限的聚集体,而是一个长距离的网络晶体排列。许多其它的无机化合物也被发现具有类似的结构特征。这些化合物很快被假设是由离子而不是电中性的原子构成,但直到1920年代中期进行实验(检测电子密度)时,才发现了这一假设的证据。",
"title": "离子化合物"
},
{
"docid": "76191#34",
"text": "有机镓化合物的反应性和有机铟化合物类似,比有机铝化合物的活性低,但比有机铊化合物的活性高。烷基镓是单体。硼族元素的有机化合物的路易斯酸性以 Al > Ga > In 递减,因此有机镓化合物不和有机铝化合物一样形成桥接二聚体。有机镓化合物可以形成稳定的过氧化物。烷基镓在室温下为液态,熔点低且容易燃烧。三苯基镓在溶液中为单体,但它的结晶由于分子间的Ga···C 相互作用而形成链状结构。",
"title": "镓"
},
{
"docid": "85244#12",
"text": "由于镧元素的电子构型,镧化学往往不涉及π键合,因此有机镧化学非常有限。表征最好的有机镧化合物是三茂镧 La(CH)(由无水 LaCl 和NaCH在四氢呋喃里反应而成)以及它的甲基替代衍生物。",
"title": "镧"
},
{
"docid": "575838#0",
"text": "结构式(),表示分子的空间结构,表示有机化合物一般用结构简式或鍵線式(一般省去碳氢键,有时也省去碳碳单键,用折线表示)。",
"title": "结构式"
},
{
"docid": "7369650#0",
"text": "类化合物()是一类有机化合物,带有二苯基乙烯的C–C–C结构,通常由植物合成。",
"title": "芪类化合物"
},
{
"docid": "895767#0",
"text": "有机磷化合物指含有碳-磷键的有机化合物,它們主要用於蟲害控制以作為長期存在於環境中的氯化烴、滴滴涕等替代物。研究有机磷化合物性质和反应的有机化学分支稱作有机磷化学。磷元素与氮同族,具有类似的价电子层结构,因此有机磷化合物的性质与有机含氮化合物有些相似。 但除了3\"s\"和3\"p\"轨道外,磷还可以用3\"d\"轨道成键,因此也存在很多特殊高价的有机磷化合物,它们都不存在对应的氮化合物。磷的电负性也小于氮,碱性较弱,因此形成化合物的性质也存在很多差别。",
"title": "有机磷化合物"
},
{
"docid": "5023432#0",
"text": "有机锗化学是研究碳-锗键的化合物的化学分支。有机锗化合物有四烃基锗、锗杂碳环化合物、有机多锗烷、锗烯、锗炔,和它们的衍生物等。由于锗的原子半径和亲电性和硅有较大差异,因此其化合物和有机硅化合物有所不同。",
"title": "有机锗化学"
}
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5202422#0 | 唐代最后一任皇帝是谁? | [
{
"docid": "102159#0",
"text": "唐哀帝李(),原名祚。唐昭宗第九子,生母何皇后。是唐朝的第23位也是最后一位皇帝(除武曌以外),在904年-907年在位,在位3年,被废。次年死,得年16岁,葬于温陵。",
"title": "唐哀帝"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7615#0",
"text": "唐玄宗李隆基(公元),685年出生在洛阳,唐朝第九代皇帝(712年-756年在位);在位44年,享寿77岁,是唐朝在位最久与最长寿的皇帝,唐睿宗第三子,母窦德妃。庙号玄宗,谥号至道大圣大明孝皇帝。宋代避聖祖趙玄朗讳,清代避諱康熙帝「玄燁」,皆称为唐明皇,另有尊号“开元圣文神武皇帝”。年輕時性格英明果断,勇敢有為,善於謀略,多才多艺,知人善任,頗有曾祖父唐太宗之風範。知晓音律,至今留下許多樂曲,擅长书法,儀表雄伟俊丽。",
"title": "唐玄宗"
},
{
"docid": "23557#0",
"text": "唐中宗李顯(),后改名李哲,是唐朝的第四和第六任皇帝,两次在位:第一次在位时间为684年1月3日-684年2月26日,第二次在位时间为705年2月23日-710年7月3日。唐中宗前后两次当政,共在位五年半,公元710年病逝,终年55岁,谥号大和大圣大昭孝皇帝(初谥孝和皇帝),葬于定陵。",
"title": "唐中宗"
},
{
"docid": "3467#0",
"text": "唐高宗李治(),小名雉奴,字为善,唐朝第三任皇帝,唐太宗李世民第九子、嫡三子,母文德皇后長孫氏,和胞妹晉陽公主一樣,唯一一對由太宗親自抚養長大的親生子女。唐代的版图以高宗时为最大,领土面積為1237万平方公里,东起朝鲜半岛大同江以北,西临鹹海,北包贝加尔湖,南至越南横山。在位三十四年,于弘道元年(683年)崩于洛阳紫微宫贞观殿,終年五十五岁,葬于唐乾陵,庙号高宗,谥号天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝(初謚天皇大帝)。",
"title": "唐高宗"
},
{
"docid": "2874158#10",
"text": "乾隆皇帝是中国最后一个王朝清朝的皇帝,在位时间达六十年(公元1736-1795年)。他的统治时间之长,在中国历史上仅次于其祖父康熙。在艺术史家看来,乾隆皇帝是他以来历代皇帝中最热衷收集艺术藏品的一位皇帝。他收集的藏品包括画作、瓷器、铜器、玉器、书法用具、奇书等众多品种。乾隆的功绩主要包括平定中国西部边疆叛乱、扶植艺术创作发展、编纂四库全书等。",
"title": "达拉斯艺术博物馆"
},
{
"docid": "301452#0",
"text": "魏宣武帝元恪(),河南郡洛阳县(今河南省洛阳市东)人,魏孝文帝元宏次子,生母貴人高照容,是南北朝时期北魏的第八代皇帝。499年-515年在位,在位十六年,是北魏最后一位拥有实权的皇帝。",
"title": "魏宣武帝"
},
{
"docid": "4548049#5",
"text": "天祐四年(907年),朱全忠迫唐哀帝禅位于他,灭唐建立后梁,为太祖皇帝。包括杨渥、李茂贞、河东节度使李克用、西川节度使王建在内的几位节度使拒绝承认梁帝。王建自建前蜀政权,杨渥和二李理论上仍为已灭亡的唐朝的封臣,实际为各自分离的政权弘农、岐、晋的领主。",
"title": "李俨 (唐朝至五代)"
},
{
"docid": "100472#0",
"text": "唐德宗李(),是唐代宗與睿真皇后所生长子,唐朝的第12代皇帝(除武则天以外),779年6月12日-805年2月25日在位,在位26年,享壽62岁。谥号为神武孝文皇帝。",
"title": "唐德宗"
},
{
"docid": "112050#0",
"text": "唐明宗李亶(),初名嗣源,小名邈佶烈。应州金城(今山西省应县)人,沙陀族,五代十国时期后唐第二位皇帝(926年6月3日-933年12月15日在位),在位8年。唐河东节度使李克用之养子,生父為李霓。",
"title": "唐明宗"
},
{
"docid": "31257#0",
"text": "唐高祖李淵(),字叔德,陇西成纪人,唐朝開國皇帝,618年6月18日-626年9月4日在位共8年 。即位前是隋朝外戚、唐國公、山西河東郡慰撫大使、右驍衛將軍。是隋文帝楊堅皇后獨孤伽羅的外甥,隋煬帝楊廣的表兄。於玄武門之變后不久被逼禪位于唐太宗,稱號“太上皇”。",
"title": "李渊"
}
] | [
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1200687#0 | 广州有哪些美食? | [
{
"docid": "1329#102",
"text": "廣州菜選料龐雜,在1965年“广州名菜美点展览会”上被介绍的粤菜就有5457种之多。早茶是广州饮食文化最有名的标签之一,广式点心是广州人饮早茶的标配。茶点分为干湿两种,干点有饺子、粉果、包子、酥点等,湿点则有粥类、肉类、龟苓膏、豆腐花等。其中又以干点做得最为精致,卖相甚佳。",
"title": "广州市"
},
{
"docid": "283867#55",
"text": "被評為“廣州名牌美食”的西關美食有杏花樓薑撞奶、鳳凰奶糊、榮德麻蓉湯丸、薩棠記薩其馬、艇仔粥、德昌的咸煎餅、梁英記裹蒸粽和笑口棗、國華白糖倫滘糕、順記冰室椰子雪糕、涼粉糕。 雙皮奶數順德大良的最為出名,南信雙皮奶的創始人是順德人,1943年在廣州創店。 順記冰室的椰子雪糕是馳名遠近的西關歷史名牌小食。20世紀20年代由小販呂順首創,選用椰肉作原料,加工成鮮椰絲後榨成椰汁,再配上新鮮的水牛奶和雞蛋、白糖。20世紀50年代60年代一些外國元首和貴賓如柬埔寨西哈努克親王等都曾品嘗。自1956年以來均獲歷屆評比的“廣州市名牌美食”稱號。 開記位於龍津東路,店主葉健開,被戲稱“豆沙開”。其製作的香草陳皮脫殼綠豆沙散熱解毒,譽滿羊城。葉健開自小就跟隨外祖父經營這種食品。 雲吞湯是蝦子、大地魚、豬骨熬成的老火靚湯,雲吞餡用鮮豬肉、鮮蝦肉、鮮蛋拌制。雲吞皮薄,煮熟後呈肉色,被稱為“玻璃雲吞”。 為民國時期著名小食店,坐落于文昌巷,粥類以及第粥見稱,粥底用腐竹、白果、大地魚等餚成,又叫“三元及第粥”。因豬肉丸、豬肝片、豬粉腸正好全上狀元、榜眼、探花之數,意合三元及第。伍湛記及第粥為廣東名小食,在1997年首屆全國“中華名小吃”評比中登榜。 布拉腸是抗日戰爭時期由泮塘荷仙館創制的,現在是廣州茶樓酒家早茶夜市的必備之品,銀記最為出名。將米漿置於多層蒸籠或布上蒸成薄皮,放上碎肉、魚片、豬肝等等,卷起來切斷。 出自荔枝灣一帶,因最初是水上人家搖著小艇向遊客兜售而得名,是舊時水上人家用新鮮的河蝦或魚片為配料熬成的粥。現在已成為街邊小吃並逐漸進入飯店酒家,配料也不斷更新,增加了海蜇皮、花生仁、炸粉絲等。 西關人飲食較為講究,尤其在茶樓中,不會粗言穢語;互相禮讓表示謝意;斟茶八分滿;拿茶壺及斟茶酒的手勢、用匙羹夾菜也有講究。",
"title": "西关"
},
{
"docid": "6061539#10",
"text": "有好姐鱼头煲、荣华金牌叉烧酥、荣华富贵鸡等多款在历届广州美食节中获奖的点心、菜式。",
"title": "榮華樓"
},
{
"docid": "1329#103",
"text": "作为历史悠久的对外通商口岸和著名侨乡,廣州的飲食也呈现出融会贯通、風格多樣的特点。一方面,广州菜善于借鉴外来菜系的用料和烹饪手法,如上汤焗龙虾、盐焗海螺等菜品即是西餐中“焗法”在广州菜中的体现。。另一方面,广州菜也对周边国家的饮食文化产生了一定的影响,如越南粉相传原型是起源于广州的沙河粉,在20世紀初由廣東人传入越南。",
"title": "广州市"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1329#104",
"text": "改革開放以來,广州饮食国际化的趋势加强。外地餐飲企業在廣州設分店,中國大陸最初的一批東南亞菜大廚就在此發圍,市面除了有專做南亞風味的印度餐廳,也有適合中東人士的穆斯林餐廳。異國風味食肆繁多,可品嚐日本菜、韓國菜、越南菜、泰國菜、印度菜、意大利菜、非洲菜等。2018年,世界知名美食年鉴《米其林指南》发布首版《米其林指南广州》,标志着广州成为中国大陆第二个、亚洲第九个获得米其林指南评鉴的地区。",
"title": "广州市"
},
{
"docid": "203971#2",
"text": "“食在广州,味在西关”,西关是三百多年来广州美食文化的核心区域,也是广式点心的发源地,广州的十大名小吃皆是出自西关地区。 “西关名点”是以传统广州西关早茶包点为主打产品的广式点心连锁,到广州,不可不来西关饮茶;饮早茶,自然少不了“西关名点”。",
"title": "廣式點心"
},
{
"docid": "2741000#0",
"text": "《揾食珠三角》是广州广播电视台的一档生活资讯节目,主要介绍广州和周边地区的美食,每期由不同主持人主持。首次播出时间为逢周一至五晚20:35,但现在改为逢周一至五17:55(《广视新闻》前)播出。而在周六则会以《百味广州》的名义重播之前播出的节目。",
"title": "揾食珠三角"
},
{
"docid": "1329#100",
"text": "廣州的飲食業發達,全市飲食企業多達數萬家。在市區,店家普遍經營「三茶兩飯一宵夜」(早茶、下午茶、夜茶和午飯、晚飯、消夜),全日供應幾乎沒有中斷。這使得廣州市每年的餐飲零售總額高達數百億元,人均消费常年居中國大陸各主要城市之首。廣州每年舉行「廣州國際美食節」,促進飲食業的發展。",
"title": "广州市"
},
{
"docid": "131787#9",
"text": "北京路的饮食消费层次非常之多,从低价的小吃店、快餐店到高档的餐厅,应有尽有,餐饮种类亦丰富多样,有古色古香的广州地道西关美食,有全国各地风味菜品,有越南、意大利、法国等特色西餐料理,有回转寿司、铁板烧等日本料理,此外还有韩国菜、印度菜以及东南亚美食等等。新式食肆主要集中在光明广场,临近的惠福东路在2010年起也大力发展饮食,临街食肆林立。",
"title": "北京路 (越秀区)"
},
{
"docid": "1329#101",
"text": "广州是中国四大菜系之一——粤菜的代表性城市,传统本地菜以广府菜为主。广州位于珠江口,因此海鮮及河鮮也是常见的菜色。广州属亚热带季风海洋性气候,气候湿热易上火的环境使饮涼茶成为广州人常年的生活习惯。",
"title": "广州市"
}
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5481200#0 | 南京大学排名多少? | [
{
"docid": "16500#3",
"text": "南京大学是中华人民共和国顶尖高校之一,是“双一流A类”和原“985工程”、原“211工程”重点建设大学,為基礎學科拔尖學生培養試驗計劃、九校聯盟、中國大學校長聯誼會、環太平洋大學聯盟、21世紀學術聯盟、國際應用科技開發協作網、東亞研究型大學協會、新工科教育國際聯盟、中國高校行星科學聯盟、長三角研究型大學聯盟成员。南大现有1个国家实验室(筹),7个国家重点实验室,15个部、省重点实验室,21个国家和部、省工程中心,人文社会科学方面有27个各类重点研究基地,此外全校还设有200多个研究机构。医学院有附属鼓楼医院、金陵医院(南京总医院)、南京市口腔医院。除大学外,还有南大附属中学、丁家桥小学等。另有科技产业园区和多个产学研结合机构。南京大学有超过二十位诺贝尔奖得者作为荣誉教授。 依据评估全球大学的自然科学研究成果的主要指标“自然指数排行榜”(Nature Index 2017 Tables),南京大学的排名为全国第二(仅次于北京大学)、全亚太地区第三、全球第十二,超越加州理工学院、康奈尔大学、新加坡国立大学、南洋理工大学、帝国理工学院等校。南京大学中文系的排名保持在全国前两名,与北京大学并列第一或仅次于北京大学。除此,南京大学中文系为培养全国第一位中文博士莫砺锋教授的大学。在2018年QS世界大学排名中,南京大学位列世界第114位。在中國校友會網中國大學排行榜2020年中國大學排名中位列第5位。2020年ARWU中國大學排名位列第5。",
"title": "南京大学"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "16240#41",
"text": "在世界范围内,上海交通大学主持的2014年世界大学学术排名(ARWU)将南开大学归入301-400名中。2015年QS大学排名中,南开大学位列第277名,中国大陆高校第10名。2016年由《自然》杂志出版的自然指数(Nature Index),南开大学位居世界第50位,中国第7位。 2018年9月,泰晤士高等教育2019世界大学排行榜中,南开大学排名中国第10位。",
"title": "南开大学"
},
{
"docid": "4423#47",
"text": "2018年QS世界大学排名中,北京大学列世界第38名(亚洲第9名,中国第2名)。2016年QS亞洲大學排名将北京大学排在亚洲第9名。2019年泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名中,北京大学排在世界第31位,在上榜的中国高校中排名第二。中华人民共和国教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心2012年学科评估中,北京大学48个学科参评,16个学科排名第一,35个学科排名前三,38个学科排名前五,三项指标均列中国高校第一。评估中排名第一的16个学科是数学、物理、化学、地球物理、力学、中国语言文学、外国语言文学、中国史、世界史、考古学、哲学、政治学、艺术学理论、基础医学、药学、护理学。2016年基本科学指标数据库(ESI)排名中北京大学6个学科进入全球千分之一,21个学科进入前百分之一,两项数据在中国大陆高校中排名第一。2016年QS世界大学学科排行榜中,北京大学有26个学科进入全球前50名,语言学和现代语言学进入全球前十名,语言学排名第八,现代语言学并列第十。",
"title": "北京大学"
},
{
"docid": "44385#13",
"text": "2017年5月,根据汤森路透(英语:Thomson Reuters)ESI大学排名中国大学排名,南通大学排名118位。",
"title": "南通大学"
},
{
"docid": "44385#11",
"text": "2019年,在中国管理科学院《2019中国大学评价》中列第122位,ESI中国高校综合排名列第112位,位列艾瑞深校友会2019世界十大权威大学排名(中国大学)第100名。",
"title": "南通大学"
},
{
"docid": "17466#64",
"text": "中山大学在2018年世界大学学术排名中,位列中国大陆第4-6名,世界第101-150名;在2019年QS世界大学排名、2019年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名和2020年U.S.NEWS世界大学排名中,均位列中国大陆第8名,并分别位列世界第295名、301-350名与208名,近年排名提升迅猛。",
"title": "中山大学"
},
{
"docid": "16240#40",
"text": "在教育部学位中心2012学科评估中,南开大学29个学科中有20个学科位居全国前十,其中人文、社科、理学等专业排位较高。在武书连发布的2017年中国大学排行榜中,南开大学位列第18名。2016年7月,《自然》杂志公布的自然指数2016新星榜中,南开大学作为全球科研产出增长最快的科研机构,位列中国科研机构的第5位,高校第4位。",
"title": "南开大学"
},
{
"docid": "23326#37",
"text": "由中国统计出版社最新出版的《挑大学 选专业--2014高考志愿填报指南》中,四川大学排在南京大学、武汉大学之后,位列“中国大学100强”第8位并进入中国一流大学之列。在韦伯麦特里克斯网亚洲大学(不包括中东地区)排名(2014)中,四川大学位列亚洲第25位,大陆排名在复旦大学(亚洲第22位)之后,同济大学(亚洲第35位)之前。根据2018年上海交通大学高等教育研究院世界一流大学研究中心发布的《世界大学学术排名》(ARWU),四川大学位于世界大学500强第151-200名,中国8-12名。",
"title": "四川大学"
},
{
"docid": "2980#72",
"text": "南京是全国高等教育资源最集中的城市之一。民国时期,南京曾有國立中央大学、私立金陵大学、金陵女子文理学院等全国著名的高等学府。1949年国立中央大學改名国立南京大學,1950年去“国立”径称南京大学,之后1952年院系调整,衍生出南京大学、南京工學院、南京農學院、南京師範學院等多所院校。经过多年的发展,截至2011年,南京普通高等学校(不含军队所属院校)共有53所,在校本专科学生71.57万人,在校研究生9.28万人。有南京大学、东南大学2所“一流大学建设高校”,河海大学、南京航空航天大学、南京理工大学、南京农业大学、南京师范大学、中国药科大学、南京邮电大学、南京信息工程大学等10所“一流学科建设高校”,以及南京工业大学等7所江苏省属重点高校,是除北京、上海外,“双一流”建设高校最多的城市。南京高等教育毛入学率为57.9%,人均受教育超过14年,每万人大学生数量超过1100人,高等学历人口比例仅次于北京。2009年被推选为“中国最具教育发展力城市”。 南京是中国重要的科研基地,南京高校和研究所主持的项目在国家科技三大奖中全部获得过一等奖。南京有中科院、自然科学研究和开发机构近600家,研究领域涉及自然科学和工程技术等各门类,科研设施较为先进,科研开发实力雄厚。2011年,全市共有各级工程技术研究中心256家,其中国家级14家、省级199家、市级43家。南京有2座国家实验室正在筹建,拥有国家重点实验室24座,省级以上重点实验室60座,国家工程(技术)研究中心数十个。拥有体系完善、功能齐全的科技服务网络,其中科技推广、科技信息、科技服务机构百余家。各类科技协会、学会400余个,其中省、市级学会200个。南京拥有科技人员近40万人,在宁中国科学院院士、中国工程院院士约80人,“千人计划”创业人才40人。從2019年開始南京市政府在每年六月的最後一周舉行創新周活動。",
"title": "南京市"
},
{
"docid": "3001261#1",
"text": "中国教育部门曾明确表示不制作官方的大学排名,虽然自从三十年代开始就有民国四大名校、全国前十名、北约联考、华约联考等说法,但都是基于大学的名气和学术声望。中国教育部门只进行国家重点学科的评估,依国家重点学科的评估結果,官方高校排名由北京大学、清华大学和复旦大学位前三甲,目前在该评估中学科优势较为明显的学校有北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、北京理工大学、复旦大学、上海交通大學、浙江大学、南京大学、中国科学技术大学、武汉大学、厦门大学、中山大学、南开大学、西安交通大学等。 而中国论坛网络曾经传言教育部九十年代中期有过部属院校的排名,而经证是《黄金时代》、《跨世纪人才》两本杂志没有根据的文章,其列出名单有:清华大学、北京大学、浙江大学、北京理工大学、南京大学、复旦大学、 西安交通大学、 武汉大学、上海交通大学、 厦门大学、 南开大学、中山大学、华中理工大学、 东南大学、 大连理工大学、天津大学、四川联合大学、 吉林大学、 中国人民大学、同济大学等。",
"title": "中国大学排行榜"
}
] | [
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2970581#0 | 忍术有哪些招数? | [
{
"docid": "71026#0",
"text": "忍术是日本一种用来进行间谍和暗殺活动的技术,修練者稱為忍者,其包括了战斗、制造混乱和收集情报。忍术的训练內容包括了伪装、逃跑、隐藏、格斗、地理學、医学和爆破。忍术起源於平安時代末期,其發源地為伊賀地區。但受中國許多道家方士學說影響,忍者最常用的咒語“臨兵闘者皆陣列在前”九字護身法就是出自中國丹道大家葛洪的《抱朴子》一書。",
"title": "忍术"
},
{
"docid": "419284#11",
"text": "使用忍術,將其加入屬性等附加效果稱為「性質變化」。每個人都至少有一種容易修習的屬性,上忍等級的忍者幾乎都已習得兩種以上。修習性質變化,依資質不同,可能要花費數天或數年。 忍术中最常见的是五行遁术。忍者的查克拉有火、風、雷、土、水五種屬性。五行遁术本质上是由这五种查克拉的形态和性质变化产生的。大部分忍术通过结印施放,一些忍术则不需要。基本上,只涉及查克拉形态变化的术一般不需要结印,而涉及性质变化的术则需要。另外也有一些忍术与属性无关。",
"title": "火影忍者術列表"
},
{
"docid": "9540#9",
"text": "忍者的特殊能力稱為忍術,於現代常被夸张,如隐形、变成动物、高楼躍下、飞行能力和预见将来。还有一些来自于作家和电影业影響。事实上一些神话来自于人们目睹了忍者的技艺表演后,有些所见的忍者是那些常常在不同城镇靠卖艺为生的演員和魔術師。",
"title": "忍者"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1569985#102",
"text": "忍豆在戰鬥時,移動、攻擊、被攻擊三種狀態下逐漸累積的數值,集到一定階段可以發動攻擊系以及召喚系的忍術,若有裝備武器類的妖氣石,還可以發動\"奧義\"。",
"title": "忍豆風雲3"
},
{
"docid": "419284#9",
"text": "印是使用術的其中一項要素,忍者須要結出固定的手勢,且順序正確才能使用特定的術。忍術的基本印有十二種,各以十二地支命名。亦存在基本印以外的印,例如影分身之術和身心轉換術的印。印一般都是使用雙手結印,然而也有單手即可結的印存在。",
"title": "火影忍者術列表"
},
{
"docid": "1169422#62",
"text": "於故事12話登場,五人遭到妖怪改造軍團強力的攻擊之下,使出了隱連者最大忍法『隱流‧獸將鬥士之術』。將手中變身令牌裡的徽章投出,即可召喚五架獸將鬥士,也可說是五獸將的分身。獸將鬥士能以自主意識行動,敏捷性高,沒有合體之能力,但隱連者可以脫出獸將轉與獸將鬥士合而為一增強能量。絕招為兩架獸將鬥士以肩作為支撐,另兩架在前採跪姿並手臂互撐成為跳台,剩下的一架獸將鬥士(通常為戰鬥猿王),從肩上跳下踩上跳台在一躍而起攻擊敵人的『鬥士衝擊Fighter Crash』。也能使用巨大版的合作招式-隱連者球,絕招為『超級隱連射門』。",
"title": "忍者戰隊隱連者"
},
{
"docid": "419284#84",
"text": "以下是在火影忍者出現過的忍術,難度的排列順序為S─A─B─C─D─E。另外關於秘傳、血繼限界、仙術等術。因習得方式特殊,是施術者特殊能力使用的術,不屬於前六種分類,公式書上以「-」表示 難度最高,以禁術、秘術、奧義、封印術為主。",
"title": "火影忍者術列表"
},
{
"docid": "5680496#3",
"text": "此外,游戏中还加入了“觉醒模式”,当玩家在战斗中失去了一定的生命值后就会激活该觉醒模式,激活该模式所需要失去的生命值取决于模式的强大程度。觉醒完成后。角色的能力、速度、攻击力都将翻上一番。游戏中某些角色在觉醒后的移动方式和觉醒前完全不同。玩家还可利用预备好的物资对敌人造成伤害、激活状态等。玩家还可以自定义角色可使用的忍术,并指定两个辅助角色在对抗中支援自己。此外,游戏还有“合击忍术”模式,需要两位玩家同时发动特殊攻击。此外,每个角色都有自己的“究极忍术”,能为对手造成极大伤害。",
"title": "火影忍者 究极忍者风暴"
},
{
"docid": "1569985#77",
"text": "忍術中有5個系類,分別是回復系、輔助系、特殊系、變身系、攻擊系、召喚系。",
"title": "忍豆風雲3"
},
{
"docid": "519566#10",
"text": "合氣道(Aikido)基本的招式,包括一教、二教、三教、四教、五教、四方投げ、入身投げ、迴轉投げ、天地投げ、小手返し、呼吸投げ、十字絞、合気落とし等術數種主要技法,每一種技法均可再配合正面打、突き、橫面打、片手取り、両手取り、後ろ両手取り,甚至可以沿生出座技及半身半立的施技方式,因此在臨敵的應變上,招式相當地變化多端。",
"title": "合氣道"
}
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7412373#0 | 美国第一座核电站是什么? | [
{
"docid": "3947315#3",
"text": "近期,南方电力正在佐治亚州,奥古斯塔 兴建美国30年来第一座核电站,Vogtle核能发电站;在新墨西哥州的Cimarron建造一座大型太阳能光伏电站;在德克萨斯州的纳科多奇斯县修建一座大型的生物能电站;并且在2012年完成了4百万个智能电表的安装。",
"title": "美国南方电力公司"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3947315#16",
"text": "这两个发电量1154兆瓦的核反应堆被前美国能源部部长朱棣文称赞为“几十年来美国修建的第一座核电站”。该电站预计可以在建设期间创造3500个就业机会,建成投产后将会创造800个就业机会。",
"title": "美国南方电力公司"
},
{
"docid": "106894#3",
"text": "切尔诺贝利核电站是原苏联时期在乌克兰境内修建的第一座核电站,曾经被认为是“最安全、最可靠”的核电站。为了解决乌克兰、白俄罗斯等苏联西南部地区的用电负荷,同时树立苏联“和平利用核能”的形象,苏联政府决定在乌克兰地区修建一座当时苏联最大的核电站。该项目自1970年开始实施,1972年,核电站开始建设,拟定装备六个核反应堆。四座苏式石墨1000型反应堆(RBMK-1000)分别在1977年、1978年、1981年和1983年建成并投入发电,每座反应堆能产生1千兆瓦的电能。到事故发生前,四个反应堆承担了乌克兰当时10%的电力供应,第五个反应堆也即将建成投入运行。",
"title": "切尔诺贝利核电站"
},
{
"docid": "508116#13",
"text": "1954年6月27日,苏联奥布宁斯克核电站成为世界上第一个向电网并网发电的核电站。这个反应堆使用了石墨来控制核反应并用水来冷却,功率为5兆瓦。全世界第一个投入商业运营的核电站是英格兰設菲尔德的,它于1956年开始运行。它有一个Magnox型石墨气冷反应堆,最初的输出功率为50兆瓦,后来提高到了200兆瓦。美国海军为研制的钠冷堆(Submarine Intermediate Reactor, SIR)的原型堆于1955年7月18日并网发电。 宾夕法尼亚州码头市的一个压水型反应堆1957年12月18日并网发电,是美国第一个投入商业运营的非军用反应堆。",
"title": "核動力"
},
{
"docid": "5573885#5",
"text": "氢弹突破之后,库尔恰托夫及其研究所转为核动力、热核聚变以及等离子物理等方面的试验研究任务。1954年,世界上第一座核电站在奥布宁斯克“442工程”并网发电,设计发电能力6MW,净输出5MW,热能输出30MW;属于石墨慢化水冷堆,称之为高功率通道型反应堆(RBMK),属于沸水堆。该电站一共运行了48年,于2002年4月29日停止运行。接下来还从事核潜艇动力堆、原子能火箭发动机、原子能破冰船、第一台托卡马克系统研究。",
"title": "库尔恰托夫研究所"
},
{
"docid": "7315360#0",
"text": "杜科瓦尼核电站是捷克共和国杜科瓦尼村附近的核电厂,是捷克斯洛伐克的第二座核电站(现在的斯洛伐克的Bohunice核电站建于1958年),也是捷克共和国的第一座核电站。它距特热比奇市30公里,靠近达勒西采水库,那里是该厂的水源。 1970年,捷克斯洛伐克和苏联批准了两座核电站的建造合同,四年后实际施工开始。从1985年到1987年,调试四个带有压水堆的动力装置,所有这四个仍在运行。杜科瓦尼核电站每年向国家电网供应大约14TWh的电能。该厂由CEZ Group持有和运营。",
"title": "杜科瓦尼核电站"
},
{
"docid": "34288#3",
"text": "1948年9月3日,核反应堆首次在美国田纳西州橡树岭的X-10石墨反应堆发电。这是第一个为灯泡供电的核电站。第二个较大的实验发生在1951年12月20日,位于爱达荷州Arco附近的EBR-1实验站。",
"title": "核电厂"
},
{
"docid": "34288#4",
"text": "1954年6月27日,世界上第一个为电网发电的核电站奥布宁斯克核电站在苏联的奥布宁斯克开始运营。1956年10月17日,世界上第一个核电站:英国开始发电,兩個電站除了用於國內電力需求,還用做製作钚。美国宾夕法尼亚州的碼頭市核電站于1957年12月18日并网。",
"title": "核电厂"
},
{
"docid": "7656289#1",
"text": "考虑到科学家们特别是库尔恰托夫的和平利用原子能的意见,1949年5月16日苏联部长会议颁布了关于准备建立第一座核电站的法令。库尔恰托夫被任命为该项目的科学负责人,同时领导苏联原子弹计划的研制。核电站反应堆的总设计师是。1950年5月,苏联部长会议颁布了关于开工建设第一座核电站的法令。1951年确定了选址,即奥布宁斯克核电站。1951年,苏联部长会议通过了关于建设第一座核电站的措施的决议。在选择反应堆类型时,考虑了在制造和运行生产钚的工业反应堆时的经验。采用了在100个大气压的压力下对非沸水进行散热的具有管状燃料元件(燃料棒)的通道式石墨慢化反应堆,即压力管式石墨慢化沸水反应堆的原型堆。1952年开始建造核岛厂房。该反应堆也是苏联的海军舰艇动力堆的原型。",
"title": "多列扎利动力工程科研设计院"
},
{
"docid": "3359504#4",
"text": "1954年6月27日,世界上第一个为电网提供电力的核电站在苏联的欧伯宁斯克开始运行。这个反应堆使用了石墨来控制核反应并用水来冷却,功率为5兆瓦。全世界第一个投入商业运营的核反应堆是位于英格兰Sellafield的Calder Hall,它于1956年开始运行。它有一个Magnox型反应堆,最初的输出功率为 50兆瓦,后来提高到了200兆瓦。 宾夕法尼亚州码头市的一个压水型反应堆是美国第一个投入商业运营的反应堆。",
"title": "核電存廢問題"
}
] | [
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4490314#0 | 北京有哪些地标建筑? | [
{
"docid": "88670#4",
"text": "明清北京城的中轴线上建筑从南往北依次为:永定门箭楼(1957年拆除)、永定门城楼(1957年拆除,2005年重建)、天桥(1934年拆除,后重建)、正阳桥坊(五牌楼)、正阳门(前门)箭楼 、正阳门城楼 、中华门(明称大明门,清称大清门,民国时改为中华门,1954年拆除)、天安门、端门、午门、太和门、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清门、乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、坤宁门、御花园、钦安殿、顺贞门、神武门、北上门(1956年拆除)、景山门、绮望楼、万春亭、寿皇门、寿皇殿、地安门(1954年拆除)、万宁桥、鼓楼和钟楼。",
"title": "北京中轴线"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "159454#4",
"text": "北京西站的建筑风格、建筑质量、设计规划等方面自车站啟用以來一直备受批评和争议,但儘管如此,北京西站仍然是北京最為矚目的建築物之一。2007年末,新京报主办的“北京新地标评选”活动,经社会公众投票后于2008年1月揭晓北京十大新地标,北京西站出乎意料地以51335票仅次国家体育场,成为得票第二多的北京新地标。",
"title": "北京西站"
},
{
"docid": "465552#0",
"text": "北京银泰中心in01位于北京市朝阳区CBD的核心地带,北临长安街,东接东三环,与中国国际贸易中心国贸大厦隔街相望。该项目包括一栋249.9米高的塔楼和两栋186米高的塔楼。总建筑面积约36万平方米,地下4层。三座高层建筑平面上呈品字形分布,由凯悦国际集团旗下的豪华酒店柏悦级酒店、甲级5A级写字楼以及奢侈品商业中心柏悦生活中心(PARKING LIFE)组成,为北京中央商务区的核心地带地标建筑之一,同时也是银泰裕盛运营的4个in系列商业项目之一。",
"title": "北京银泰中心"
},
{
"docid": "4234121#5",
"text": "2012年,北京市提出“名城标志性历史建筑恢复工程”,北京市人民政府及东城区、西城区人民政府将组织实施,该工程拟定建设6处古城地标,其中包括内城西南角楼。",
"title": "西便门城墙遗址公园"
},
{
"docid": "5964582#1",
"text": "为容纳指挥中心而建设的建筑名为京投大厦,位于北京市朝阳区北四环外的小营北路。园区共有两个建筑群,其中南部建筑为一期工程,北部建筑为二期工程。北京地铁的主要业主北京市基础设施投资有限公司(简称京投)总部设于大厦内。",
"title": "北京市轨道交通指挥中心"
},
{
"docid": "6045891#3",
"text": "北京市随即组织专家小组到美国考察。最后大家一致认为要建一座多功能、综合性超高层建筑,集写字楼、公寓、商场、酒店、娱乐、银行于一体,当时这在国内没有、国际少见。建筑选址由北京市政府委托市政协秘书长单昭祥带领广东省代表围绕北京市四个城区(东城区、西城区、宣武区、崇文区)展开,定址为朝阳区呼家楼十字路口的西北角。因该项目是北京市和广东省合作,所以在意向书中定名“京广”,因当时政府批准的大项目多叫“中心”,乃正式定名“京广中心”。",
"title": "京广中心"
},
{
"docid": "131787#7",
"text": "2002年7月,北京路的北段出土了自唐代直到民国时期共五朝的十一層路面,而南段则发掘出宋代至明清时期共5层的拱北楼建筑基址。出土的文物包括大量石條、牆磚,以及宋代拱北樓基址、明代拱北樓抱鼓石。遺跡現用玻璃覆蓋,原地保留。",
"title": "北京路 (越秀区)"
},
{
"docid": "3431363#1",
"text": "北京恒基中心位于建国门内大街南侧,北京站东侧,由关善明建筑师楼有限公司、北京市建筑设计研究院联合设计。建筑面积将近30万平方米,地上27层,地下3层,建筑高度为97米。该建筑集商场、豪华办公楼、酒店、餐饮及娱乐设施等于一体。恒基中心的立面东高西低。其东北角办公楼顶部设有钟楼,钟楼屋顶覆盖着绿铜板。该建筑被评为1990年代北京十大建筑之一。2016年底被雛菊機構以32.61億港元收購後,更名為雛菊金融中心。",
"title": "北京恒基中心"
},
{
"docid": "2872207#1",
"text": "北京地下城由全长三十余千米的地道组成,位于地下8-18米,遍布于北京市中心,覆盖了85平方千米的面积,历史上最多时约有90个入口,全部隐藏在前门大街两侧的商店中。目前这些入口多数已因地上建筑物阻挡而被封闭,现存的入口包括西打磨厂街62号、幸福大街44号、大栅栏街18号等处。地下城中设有多种设施,包括食堂、医院、学校、剧院、工厂、滑冰场、粮仓、油库等,还曾利用低光照条件种过蘑菇。地下城中还有近七十处潜在的水井开掘地,必要时只需向下挖数米即可取得地下水。",
"title": "北京地下城"
},
{
"docid": "5485219#2",
"text": "包含已经实质动工的摩天大楼。 北京第一座真正意义上的高层建筑是位于西城区的民族文化宫。它于1958年建造,由张博设计,1959年竣工。该楼高67米,共13层,是上世纪50年代全市及整个华北地区的第一高度。",
"title": "北京摩天大樓列表"
}
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1935248#0 | 白俄罗斯有多少人口? | [
{
"docid": "5436#16",
"text": "白俄罗斯人口为934.96万人(2021年),多年来呈下降趋势。主体民族白俄罗斯族占84.9%,俄罗斯族占7.5%,波兰族占3.1%,乌克兰族占1.7%,其他民族占2.8%。",
"title": "白俄罗斯"
},
{
"docid": "594052#0",
"text": "白俄罗斯人()是东斯拉夫人的一支,主要居住在白俄罗斯,近1,000万人,在世界其他地方也分布着不少白俄罗斯人,其总人口约1,500万人。许多学者认为,现代白俄罗斯人的祖先在六世纪至八世纪期间定居在现在的白俄罗斯地区。",
"title": "白俄罗斯人"
},
{
"docid": "5436#0",
"text": "白俄羅斯共和國(;;)簡稱「白俄」,其在國家官網的中文名定为「白羅斯」,是位于东欧的内陆国家,首都為明斯克。白羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國於1991年8月25日從苏联独立,於同年9月19日改稱“白俄罗斯共和国”。白俄罗斯东及北部与俄罗斯为邻,南部与乌克兰接壤,西部同波兰、立陶宛和拉脱维亚毗邻,国土面积207,600平方公里,人口934万人(2021年),大部分居住在明斯克或者其他大城市附近,將近85%人口為土生土長的白俄罗斯人,主要少數民族依次是俄羅斯人、波蘭人和烏克蘭人。1995年後,白羅斯語和俄羅斯語均為官方語言。白羅斯憲法並無明確規定國教,大多數人信仰俄羅斯東正教,其次則為羅馬天主教,而基督宗教的不少節日(如復活節等)也被設為國定假日。",
"title": "白俄罗斯"
},
{
"docid": "5179127#0",
"text": "白俄羅斯的人口數量在二戰期間大幅減少,從1940年的900萬人減少到1951年的770萬人。之後白俄羅斯人口恢復增長,在1999年恢復到1000萬人。在此之後,白俄羅斯人口逐漸減少。2006年至2007年,白俄羅斯人口數為970萬人。白俄羅斯人口正在持續都市化。白俄羅斯曾有接近8成的人口居住在農村,1959年下降至70%,2000年代下降至不到30%。據2014年估計,白俄羅斯有人口9,608,058人。",
"title": "白俄羅斯人口"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6674203#12",
"text": "白俄羅斯第一批猶太人社區在14世紀末出現,並繼續增加直到第二次世界大戰。1914年白俄羅斯全國有近130萬猶太人,占城鎮人口的50%至60%;1989年的蘇聯人口普查白俄羅斯地區大約有142,000名猶太人,佔總人口的1.1%,其中許多人已經移居國外。1992年底,白俄羅斯有近七十個猶太組織。",
"title": "白俄罗斯宗教"
},
{
"docid": "6674203#9",
"text": "1990年代初,白俄羅斯天主教信徒人口的數字從8%到20%不等。據估計,25%的天主教信徒是波蘭人。天主教會在白俄羅斯有一所神學院。",
"title": "白俄罗斯宗教"
},
{
"docid": "4979766#0",
"text": "白俄羅斯,大約有1200000俄羅斯人生活,佔人口11.4%,是該國最大少數族群。",
"title": "白俄羅斯的俄羅斯人"
},
{
"docid": "2880818#1",
"text": "大多数白俄移民在1917到1920年间离开俄国,人数估计在90万到200万之间。阶层主要为士兵和军官、哥萨克、知识分子、商人和地主以及俄罗斯帝国政府的官员和俄罗斯内战期间各种反布尔什维克政府的官员。",
"title": "白俄 (移民)"
},
{
"docid": "45199#0",
"text": "明斯克(,IPA;)是白俄罗斯的首都和最大城市,也是明斯克州的首府和独联体的行政中心,位於斯维斯洛奇河畔,明斯克是白俄罗斯的政治、经济和文化中心,拥有多所高等院校,包括白俄羅斯國立大學。此外还有著名的马戏团、歌剧院和芭蕾舞院等設施。截至2021年1月,其人口約為2,009,786人(不包括郊區) 。使明斯克成為歐洲第11大人口最多的城市。",
"title": "明斯克"
},
{
"docid": "1288039#15",
"text": "1943年1月,总数56000人的白俄罗斯苏维埃游击队中有11000人活动在波兰前东部领土(即西白俄罗斯),(西白俄罗斯)每一万名当地人口中游击队员的数量比东部至少要少3.5人。如果将1941年撤出白俄罗斯东部的人口也考虑在内,则要少上5—6人。这种差异性无法完全解释为是因为德军对当地人的残暴对待,无法完全解释为是因为1941年德军的闪电战攻势,也无法完全解释为是因为当地当时存在的社会问题。 有明显迹象表明,这是苏联当局的决定,苏联当局不考虑在波兰东部兴起的亲苏联军队,并且让波兰地下军队在1941年至1942年间不受影响地在这些地方发展下去,这种情况与当时苏联跟瓦迪斯瓦夫·西科尔斯基领导下的波兰流亡政府建交有关。某些军事组织受到苏联游击队和波兰国民军的注意,并被这些实力利用,在某种角度来看,波兰人成为了1942年恐怖活动的替罪羊。1943年4月苏联和波兰流亡政府断交后,形势发生变化。在这时,波兰国民军成了敌对势力。",
"title": "波兰前东部领土"
}
] | [
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1234870#0 | 坦克有哪些装置组成? | [
{
"docid": "390694#24",
"text": "99式坦克采用传统的机械传动、液力控制装置。传动装置由传动箱、两个侧变速箱和同轴侧传动器组成,驾驶容易,而且转向灵活。侧变速箱为行星式,带摩擦离合器,采用液力操纵,有7个前进档和1个倒档,每个变速箱内有2个闭锁离合器和4个机械式制动器。 改进型99A坦克采用CH1000型液力机械综合自动传动装置,实现自动换档,高速联合制动,以及由方向盘无级转向。",
"title": "ZTZ-99主战坦克"
},
{
"docid": "19913#2",
"text": "坦克炮主要分为滑膛式和线膛式两类。在坦克上多装在可以360度回转的装甲炮塔内以获得最大的攻擊效能,並配備裝甲防护,与观瞄火控设备、自动装弹机和炮塔回转机构组成坦克的武器系统。",
"title": "坦克炮"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "361681#5",
"text": "T-72坦克车内分为前部驾驶舱、中部战斗舱、后部动力舱3部分。位于车体中部的铸造结构炮塔呈半球形,车体前上装甲板上有1个“V”型防浪板。车体每侧有6个750毫米大直径负重轮、3个托带轮,采用扭杆悬挂装置。车内柴油发动机横向布置,采用行星式机械传动装置。 T-72与T-62相比,使用自动装弹机减少了为装填手站在坦克内装弹需要分配足够的垂直空间,坦克的高度降低。 T-72与T-64外观相似但内在完全不同,与T-64相比,T-72更简单,可靠性更优越。在效费比上T-72具有优势,对T-72的出口有着积极影响,尽管许多T-72型号在技术上被认为逊于同期出产的T-64或T-80型号,T-72技术升级潜力更大,行动装置有增加承载能力的潜力,T-72的设计基础,使其在蘇聯解體和海湾战争後仍持續地被俄羅斯與其他使用國家选用,并被不断改進,包含引進新式火控系統與熱影像儀,改良自動裝彈機等,甚至大幅修改砲塔構型、裝甲配置與自動裝彈機的設計,如果给予足够先进的技术升级,T-72改得不会逊于后来的T-90。",
"title": "T-72主戰坦克"
},
{
"docid": "1106903#43",
"text": "01式营用简易火控由弹道解算器、诸元装定装置、光学瞄准装置、激光测距装置、连接机构等组成。其采用步进电机装定表尺,使射角的装定角度及精度大大提高,省去了使用象限仪装定大射角的过程,功能更加强大。01式营用简易火控将按键的功能设置进行了整合,使键盘上的按键数由25个减少到12个。",
"title": "98式反坦克火箭筒"
},
{
"docid": "2840114#23",
"text": "预计的E-100坦克战斗全重140t,乘员6人。战斗室特别大,火力强大,防护力超群。动力装置后置,主动轮在前,诱导轮在后,悬挂装置为外置筒式螺旋弹簧式悬挂装置。负重轮的排列型式,也采用了二战期间德国坦克上惯用的交替排列式。在E-100样车的研制阶段,炮塔没有制造出来,所以,仅安装了一个同等重量的假炮塔来进行试验。主要武器是一门KWK型150mm火炮或174mm火炮,但最后似乎准备选用128mm火炮。另外,E-100坦克的各部位装甲厚度也十分可观。二战期间的反坦克武器很难击穿。它的动力装置为HL234型水冷汽油机,它的履带宽度达到了1020mm。",
"title": "E系坦克"
},
{
"docid": "1254225#18",
"text": "T-64A坦克前部装甲采用K型复合装甲,材料构成由外至内分别为:锻压钢板、陶瓷材料、高硬度锻压钢板、强化玻璃纤维材料、陶瓷材料和防中子衬层。其中陶瓷材料层为刚玉陶瓷,内层钢板的硬度远大于外层,强化玻璃纤维材料则为装甲提供较好的韧性,装甲最外层有3~4条加强筋以及V型凸起,具备防浪、防弹和登车防滑功能。坦克其余部分装甲使用装甲钢板焊接而成。炮塔采用整体铸造加顶部焊接工艺,同轴机枪射孔附近的炮塔壁厚约为400mm,主炮两侧的间隙装甲中填有填料,顶装甲板厚度约为40~80mm不等,炮塔侧面装甲厚120mm,后部装甲厚90mm。",
"title": "T-64主战坦克"
},
{
"docid": "6269983#0",
"text": "坦克歼击营()是美国陆军在二战时期所采用的一种军事编制。该编制有两种形式-装备牵引式反坦克炮的坦克歼击营与装备自行式坦克歼击车的坦克歼击营。坦克歼击车是为了应对二战初期德军使用的大规模装甲部队而采用的。这一概念需要使用坦克歼击车的营级规模的部队对敌军的装甲攻势快速做出反应,这需要坦歼营配属至师以及军级单位。在实战中,它们经常配属至步兵师,但不少步兵师师长都认为他们更希望配属一个装甲营。美军组建了超过一百个坦歼营,其中超过一半参加了战争。因在战争中发现坦克歼击车这一概念已过时,且其在战争中的角色与坦克有很大重叠,坦歼营在战后不久即悉数解散。",
"title": "坦克歼击营"
},
{
"docid": "3897203#7",
"text": "“红箭73”反坦克导弹武器系统由导弹战斗部、运载体、发射装置和地面控制设备等组成。采用架式发射,单锥型聚能装药破甲战斗部,目视跟踪、三点导引、手动控制、导线传输指令制导方式。在弹体弹翼根部装有一个曳光管,在飞行时进行观察和瞄准。射手通过一个摇杆控制导弹。“红箭-73”可由兵组携行发射,导弹分战斗部、运载体两部分分离装箱。作战编制通常以班为最基层单位,反坦克导弹班编制为8人,分为2个战斗小组,各自携带4枚导弹。 后来进行改型设计,发展出A、B、C、D型(发展有E型)等改进型号,有采用光学瞄准、红外跟踪、半自动控制的制导方式,也可车载发射,还有改进串列式聚能破甲战斗部,增强穿甲威力。",
"title": "红箭-73反坦克导弹"
},
{
"docid": "361693#4",
"text": "T-80坦克车体与炮塔的正面使用带中间复合材料夹层的装甲,车体侧面由橡胶制侧裙板保护。从T-80B开始往后的T-80各型号都可加装附加爆炸式反应装甲,外观上看炮塔部位反应装甲安装排列形式与T-64B以及T-72B不同。不过,T-80U的防护弱点是侧面防护能力比较薄弱。后期部分型号可装备“窗帘”-1光电干扰系统或,最新有一些安装了“画眉”-2主动防御系统(俄语:)。 T-80坦克装备了超压式集体防护装置。T-80装备还包括平时载于炮塔后部的潜渡筒,潜渡时须安装进气与排气两根管。",
"title": "T-80主戰坦克"
},
{
"docid": "19913#4",
"text": "用坦克支援步兵的思维流行到第二次世界大戰之初。当时大多数的坦克仍然装备野战炮改装而成的坦克炮,用来打击带轻装甲或不带装甲的目标。同时,某些专门用来支援步兵的重型坦克则装备了射程短的大口径重炮。这些发射高爆弹的火炮是用来对付工事和要塞的,但是在短距离内也能有效打击敌方坦克。B1重型坦克,丘吉尔和M3 李将军等等坦克甚至同时装备两门炮——在车体上安装重炮,并在炮塔里分别安装另一門小口径火炮。",
"title": "坦克炮"
}
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7169580#0 | 俄罗斯属于哪个大洲? | [
{
"docid": "30963#36",
"text": "目前,俄罗斯幾乎不會加入欧盟。俄罗斯申请加入欧盟的可能性依然渺茫。根据欧盟比例代表制的表决方式,俄罗斯的加入将会导致欧盟内权力的失衡,並打破區域平衡。除了它幅员辽阔外,也有人认为俄罗斯不属于欧洲,他们的理由与反对土耳其加入欧盟的理由相同:俄罗斯大部分的领土在亚洲境内,而非欧洲。但与土耳其不同的是,俄罗斯的经济、政治中心都在欧洲,大部分俄罗斯人也居住在欧洲。虽然俄罗斯是传统的欧洲国家,但它基本上不可能加入欧盟。因为欧盟内部需要国家间力量均衡,互相依赖、互相制约;俄罗斯加入势必打破力量均势,造成一国独大。一些东欧小国对俄罗斯仍然疑虑重重,历史上经历了被瓜分、吞并、割地等苦难后,担心俄罗斯重夺沙皇俄国或苏联的势力,会强烈反对俄罗斯入盟。加入或使俄羅斯控制歐盟,打破原本由法國、德國主導歐盟的局面。此外,贫富差距、经济改革和腐败等問題都是俄罗斯加入欧盟的绊脚石。此外俄罗斯内部也有很多不安定因素,例如车臣问题。俄罗斯若要加入欧盟,还有许多问题要解决,特別是在民主、言論自由、人權、司法獨立等方面,俄罗斯在多方面均不符合歐盟的要求。",
"title": "欧洲联盟扩大"
},
{
"docid": "1379962#0",
"text": "歐洲俄羅斯(), 簡稱歐俄,是指俄羅斯位於歐洲的部分,為俄羅斯在歷史與文化上主要的組成區塊。面積約396萬平方公里,佔俄羅斯領土面積的25%、以及歐洲總面積的40%。東面以烏拉山脈為界線,南面則以俄羅斯—哈薩克、俄羅斯—格魯吉亞、阿塞拜疆邊境為限,重要城市有莫斯科和聖彼得堡。這個地區人口1.1億,佔俄羅斯78%人口,人口密度每平方公里27人。與歐俄類似的地理概念還有「」或「中俄羅斯」,該詞用來稱呼北高加索以外的歐俄區域。另外,俄羅斯的東部是北亞的一部分,被稱為亞洲俄羅斯,也被稱為北亞或西伯利亞。歐洲也是歐亞大陸的次大陸,使整個俄羅斯成為歐亞大陸的一部分。",
"title": "歐洲俄羅斯"
},
{
"docid": "1379962#1",
"text": "俄罗斯的欧洲部分的地形主要以平原为主,属于东欧平原的一部分。山地集中于东部(乌拉尔山脉)和南部(大高加索山脉)。",
"title": "歐洲俄羅斯"
},
{
"docid": "5388#17",
"text": "俄羅斯歐洲部份的政治疆界大致和東歐平原的自然邊界一致,但在此之外它還占有芬蘭王国以及波蘭会议王国。它的北界達到了北冰洋以及北冰洋中的諸島。俄罗斯帝国的乌拉尔山以東部為其亞洲的領地,西伯利亞以及其南部的草原。俄罗斯帝国的亞州部份和歐洲部份以烏拉爾山,烏拉爾河,以及裡海—高加索山脉為界。南界達到了黑海东南岸以及高加索山脈。西部邊界在傳統意義上從科拉半島途徑波羅的海直到多瑙河河口,包含了俄羅斯所占有波蘭的部份。西邊鄰國有普魯士王國,奧地利帝国,以及羅馬尼亞。 20世紀初,俄羅斯帝國国土面积达2280万平方公里,佔地球陆地面積的六分之一,當時俄羅斯帝國的領土面積仅次于大英帝國。虽然沙俄中亚、北亚及远东占全国领土的四分之三,但大部分人居住乌拉尔山脉以西的歐洲部分。俄羅斯国境内拥有一百多個不同的民族,其中俄羅斯族佔全國人口的45%。",
"title": "俄罗斯帝国"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "518#0",
"text": "俄罗斯联邦(,縮寫为),簡稱俄羅斯()、俄国,位於歐亞大陆北部的聯邦共和國,國土横跨歐亞兩大洲,拥有1,707万平方公里的面积,占地球陸地面积八分之一,为全世界領土面積最大的國家;它也是世界上人口第九多的国家,拥有1.44亿人口,77%居住于其较为发达的欧洲部分。俄罗斯国土覆盖整个亚洲北部及东欧大部,横跨11个时区,涵盖广泛的环境和地形。拥有全世界最大的森林储备和含有约世界四分之一的淡水的湖泊。俄罗斯有十四個陸上鄰國(從西北方向起逆时针序):挪威、芬兰、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波蘭、白俄罗斯、乌克兰、格鲁吉亚、阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦、中国、蒙古和朝鲜(其中立陶宛和波蘭僅與俄羅斯外飛地加里寧格勒州接壤)。俄羅斯還與日本、韓國、美国、加拿大、格陵蘭(丹麥)、冰島、瑞典、土耳其隔海相望。俄羅斯北部和東部分別為北冰洋和太平洋包圍,西北和西南則分別可經由波羅的海达到大西洋,黑海则可以到地中海。",
"title": "俄罗斯"
},
{
"docid": "812529#0",
"text": "罗斯属地()是一块新西兰在南极洲(以及其它在南冰洋的分散领土)声称拥有的地区。这块领地的范围是从南极点出发的一个扇形,沿着160°东经线至150°经线之间向北延伸,终结在60°南纬线。罗斯属地的名字是来自发现罗斯海的詹姆斯·克拉克·罗斯爵士()。 罗斯属地包括部分维多利亚地以及大部分罗斯冰架,如同冰雪覆盖的罗斯福岛一样,罗斯岛、巴勒尼群岛和小斯科特岛也共同构成属地的領地。",
"title": "罗斯属地"
},
{
"docid": "699293#0",
"text": "俄罗斯跨越北纬50~70°的欧亚大陆大部地区,南北宽2500~4000公里,东西长9000公里,海岸线长约3.4万公里。",
"title": "俄罗斯地理"
},
{
"docid": "6064598#1",
"text": "俄罗斯的最北和最东端与亚欧大陆之最北与最东端重合。",
"title": "俄罗斯地理极点"
},
{
"docid": "518#29",
"text": "俄罗斯联邦跨越了欧亚大陆的北部大部分地区,地势及气候变化多端。全境大部分地区属于平原,特别是欧洲部分以及亚洲的西伯利亚地区。南部平原大部分是寬廣草原,而北部平原则大部分是森林地区。山脉多集中在東部太平洋沿岸及南部边境,例如大高加索山脉和萨彦-贝加尔山脉。比较中央的乌拉尔山脉雖是欧洲和亚洲的主要分界线,但因屬於古褶曲山,山勢低矮,地形起伏不大。",
"title": "俄罗斯"
},
{
"docid": "699293#1",
"text": "广大的西部、中东部地区分属俄罗斯地台、西伯利亚地台,中间被乌拉尔山脉、天山褶皱带分离。地台基底为前寒武纪结晶岩组成;上部为古生代到第四纪时期的沉积岩;基底由于侵蚀作用出露地表为地盾。东南、东北、西南部属地壳运动强烈、岩浆活动频繁的地槽,位在環太平洋地震帶上。俄羅斯四大河流:鄂畢河、葉尼塞河、勒拿河、伏爾加河。",
"title": "俄罗斯地理"
}
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310082#0 | 浙江绍兴有哪些作家? | [
{
"docid": "5540564#9",
"text": "清前期,发源于嘉兴的浙西词派和江南的其他词派(如常州词派、阳羡词派等)等争奇斗艳,形成了清代词文学的又一个高峰。袁枚是乾隆、嘉庆时期代表诗人,为“乾隆三大家”之一。此外还有二拍作者凌濛初。到20世纪,浙江更是涌现一大批文学家。出现了伟大的文学巨匠鲁迅、茅盾等享誉中外的文学名人。 到了近代,由于地处沿海更多的接触西方现代科学,在科学界的浙江人层出不穷。在1948年选出的首届中央研究院81名院士(包括人文组)中,有20位院士来自浙江,占近1/4。中华人民共和国成立以后的中国科学院和中国工程院“两院”院士(学部委员)中,浙江籍院士占了近1/5。",
"title": "浙江人"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6827532#0",
"text": "徐志耕,男,浙江绍兴人。中国军旅作家,报告文学作家。著有《南京大屠杀》。 1946年2月7日(一说2月8日)生于浙江绍兴。1964年参军入伍,被分配到舟山,此后历任6559部队勤务连战士,舟山岱山守备区宣传科干事。1966年发表首篇诗歌《我为人民守海岛》。1968年调任至《解放军报》记者、《人民前线报》编辑。1987年调任至南京军区政治部,历任文艺创作室创作员、副主任。1989年毕业于南京大学中文系。1990年加入中国作家协会,担任中国报告文学学会理事,江苏省作家协会理事。",
"title": "徐志耕"
},
{
"docid": "3753448#0",
"text": "徐兴业,浙江绍兴人,中国大陆小说家,毕业于无锡国学专修学校。1991年因《金瓯缺》荣获第三届茅盾文学奖。",
"title": "徐兴业"
},
{
"docid": "5217408#2",
"text": "中华人民共和国成立后,同春舞台于1950年改名为同春绍剧团。1953年回到绍兴。1956年改为国营,重组为浙江绍剧团,并由章益生之子六龄童(章宗义)任团长。1984年浙江绍剧院成立,原浙江绍剧团改为一团,绍兴市绍剧团改为二团。1992年恢复浙江绍剧团。2012年,改组为浙江绍剧艺术研究院。",
"title": "浙江绍剧艺术研究院"
},
{
"docid": "367416#0",
"text": "茹志鹃(),笔名阿如、初旭,女,祖籍浙江绍兴,生于杭州,中国当代作家。代表作品有《高高的白杨树》、《百合花》、《静静的产院》、《剪辑错了的故事》等。",
"title": "茹志鹃"
},
{
"docid": "5032624#0",
"text": "诸志祥(),笔名浩谷,浙江绍兴人,中国大陆作家,主要作品有《八戒回乡》、《黑猫警长》、《黑猫警长与外星人》,其中《黑猫警长》被改编为动画并播出。",
"title": "诸志祥"
},
{
"docid": "3793624#0",
"text": "吴绍祥(),中国诗人、作家。出生于江苏省溧水县,1984年毕业于西南政法学院。江苏省作家协会会员。",
"title": "吴绍祥"
},
{
"docid": "871467#3",
"text": "1952年第一届全国评酒会将浙江绍兴酒厂出产的鉴湖绍兴酒评为名酒。当时仅评出了八种名酒,黄酒类只有鉴湖绍兴酒一款。目前绍兴比较知名的绍兴酒品牌有古越龙山、沈永和、女儿红、鉴湖、塔牌、会稽山等。",
"title": "绍兴酒"
},
{
"docid": "4016796#0",
"text": "孙侃(),当代报告文学作家,中国作家协会会员。出生于浙江慈溪。发表小说、散文、文学评论等文学作品约300万字,出版个人专著20余部,主编《浙江文坛》等文学丛书等多套。作品曾获浙江省社会科学成果一等奖、杭州市精神文明“五个一工程”奖等,并被《读者》、《作家文摘》、《报刊文摘》等报刊转载。散文作品入选初中生课外阅读教材。",
"title": "孙侃"
},
{
"docid": "5217408#0",
"text": "浙江绍剧艺术研究院(原浙江绍剧团)是1956年在浙江绍兴成立的绍剧演出团体。",
"title": "浙江绍剧艺术研究院"
}
] | [
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1516099#0 | 天津有哪些美食? | [
{
"docid": "1165636#30",
"text": "天津菜多以河、海两鲜为原料,擅长勺扒、软溜、清炒、清蒸。并且口味多变,咸鲜清淡,精于调味,清浓兼备,注重配色。历史上有代表性的天津风味菜肴有八大碗、四大扒、冬令四珍。八大碗有粗、细之分。粗八大碗指:熘鱼片、烩虾仁等。细八大碗有:炒青虾仁、烩鸡丝等。四大扒是成桌酒席的配套饭菜,包括:扒整鸡、扒整鸭等。冬令四珍指铁雀、银鱼、紫蟹、韭黄,均为天津特产。现代天津名菜有:蟹黄鱼翅、软熘鱼扇、鸡丝银针等。",
"title": "天津文化"
},
{
"docid": "50511#12",
"text": "名优小食品是津市工业的一大特色,全市共在食品工业30家,生产5大系列80多个品种,其中绿康桔片曾获第八届全国食品博览会金奖、蓝光茭头是湖南省十大名牌产品之一。张老头五香牛肉干、云露牌五香牛肉干、羊肉火锅、香肠、木子腐乳王(又名湖南十八子腐乳)、桃酥王、麦穗鸟鸡精等曾先后获湖南省农博会金奖,还有湘泰麻蓉酥糖等一大批食品获农博会银奖。津市的风味小吃更是五花八门,知名的有汽水粑粑、蒸蒸糕、面饺儿、津市包子、糖麻果、湘泰点心、肉戈魁、津市米粉与津市牛肉粉等。",
"title": "津市市"
},
{
"docid": "1517081#3",
"text": "春节期间,天津的饮食习俗有独特而又普遍的特点。天津人称农历腊月初八为“腊八儿”,并有喝腊八粥、吃腊八蒜和腌制腊八醋的习俗。此外。“二十三,糖瓜粘;二十五,冻豆腐;二十六,顿大肉;二十七,宰公鸡;二十八,白麵发”的谚语也体现了天津在腊月的饮食风俗。大年三十这一天的夜里要做传统的天津风味素馅儿饺子,饺子馅包括香干,油条,豆芽菜,白菜等,最重要的是要有红色的粉皮,和馅使用酱豆腐(腐乳),麻酱等,风味别具一格。饺子做成后用黄纸盖上,等到午夜二十四点来吃。在包饺子之前有的天津家庭按“南礼儿”还有一顿年夜饭,年夜饭中要有鸡和鱼,取自谐音“吉庆有余”,年夜饭的米饭下通常藏有一个荸荠,寓意元宝。年菜以辣白菜、烩蚕豆瓣、辣豆等为主。在大年三十当天要剩下留在正月吃。此外在大年三十这一天,人们有吃红果糖葫芦的习俗,用来表示来年吉祥,已婚未生子的女人们还要吃枣和栗子,取其谐音“早立子”。谚语:“初一饺子,初二面,初三合子往家转”体现了在初一和初三这三天中天津家庭中的饮食习惯。农历正月初四一些天津家庭通常食用烙饼卷鸡蛋。正月初五,天津年俗中又有“破五吃饺子,捏小人嘴”的习惯,以喻示新一年的吉祥顺利。正月十五元宵节这一天,天津家庭和全国各地风俗普遍相同以吃元宵为主。正月二十五在天津为填仓节,谚语:“填仓填仓,干饭鱼汤。”体现了这一天天津人民吃米饭熬鱼的习俗。",
"title": "天津春节习俗"
},
{
"docid": "1517081#2",
"text": "天津的年俗最主要的价值取向就是“阖家欢乐”,其社会意义是保证宗法社会下父系家庭的团圆。农历腊月初八的腊八节在天津称为“腊八儿”,许多天津人在这天喝腊八粥并用醋泡大蒜,从而为正月准备腊八蒜和腊八醋。从腊月十五开始,天津的年货摊贩要“上全街(gāi)”,就是各商店把年货全部上齐,把所有吃喝玩乐的商品都摆上贩卖。天津的年货市场主要集中在在天津天后宫为中心的宫南、宫北大街,也就是今天的古文化街一带。“二十三,灶王爷上天,二十四,扫房子,二十五,糊窗户;二十六,顿大肉;二十七,宰公鸡;二十八,白面发;二十九,贴对子。”的天津俗语也体现了年前天津人民准备过年的特点,在一般的天津民居,人们往往换上新的杨柳青年画、擦玻璃、收拾屋子、贴好红春联、“倒有”和“倒福”、红剪纸“挂千”、贴“吊钱儿”等等。其中,吊钱儿是一种用彩纸或者红纸剪刻成的图案,天津人民将其贴在门窗的玻璃或者横棱上,每家每户贴上的吊钱儿必须要到农历正月初五那天才能损坏,否则就会暗示一年不顺利。此外,鞭炮和焰火基本上也贯穿整个正月。腊月二十三在天津民俗里是灶王爷升天的日子,家家户户要买糖瓜儿并等到夜里十二点祭祀灶王爷。大年三十,天津各家各户往往摆上供品供奉神佛,当天夜里,把家中所有灯火点明,父系家庭的一家欢聚一堂吃团圆饭,之后的一夜不能睡觉,灯火亮到天明,天津人称之为“守岁”,天津年俗里,这一夜禁止扫地、倒水、用剪刀,说“破”、“坏”、“没”、“死”、“光”、“鬼”、“杀”、“病”、“输”、“穷”、“没有了”和“少了”等不吉利的话语,大年初一天津人习惯一早出门走亲访友,俗称拜年,在送年礼方面,天津人讲究送整盆不剪枝的腊梅、海棠和迎春花。另外在这一天,每家每户的米缸不能空着,如果空着就寓意一年之中有断炊之虞。而且在这天还禁止洒水、扫地、倒垃圾等行为,因为天津人往往将水、土视为“财气”,将垃圾、粪便看做“肥水”,洒水、扫地、倒垃圾会把“财气”扫走。正月初五不能到别人家拜年,这天家家都包饺子,剁小人,捏小人嘴;正月十六晚上要一家人出去遛遛弯儿,这叫遛百病,为的是新年不生病。大年初二,天津有“回娘家”的传统。正月初五天津人称为“破五”。这一天,每家每户要吃饺子,并且在切菜的时候,菜板要剁得叮咚响,暗示剁“小人”。正月十五上元节,天津人称其为“灯节”,这一天每家每户除了吃汤圆外,还要供奉给神仙和佛祖面制的刺猬和老鼠,灯节前后,天津城内各商铺从正月十三日至正月十七日张灯五日。正月二十四晚上,天津农村的各家各户还要在自家的院内或屋内的地上用白粉画出小囤和小梯子,在他们上面放粮食和铜钱,寓意来年物丰粮丰。除此之外,天津人还讲究正月里不能理发、看病、吃药、打孩子。",
"title": "天津春节习俗"
},
{
"docid": "952394#2",
"text": "天津三绝:狗不理包子与耳朵眼炸糕、桂发祥十八街麻花",
"title": "南市食品街"
},
{
"docid": "467#69",
"text": "津菜起源于民间,以鲜咸为主,从形成到发展至今有300多年历史。天津菜系形成和发展与漕运和盐商有关,为庆祝康熙登基而开设的聚庆成饭庄是天津菜系形成的标志。1860年天津对外开放商埠后,西方饮食逐渐进入天津,有代表性的是1907年由德国人阿尔伯特·起士林开办的起士林餐厅。天津菜中具有代表性的津菜有八大碗、四大扒、冬令四珍、锅塌里脊等。天津的小吃与特产数目众多,尤其以狗不理包子、十八街麻花及耳朵眼炸糕合称的“天津三绝”最具知名度。天津的特色小吃有糖礅、大饼鸡蛋、茶汤儿、果仁张、蹦豆张、皮糖张、面茶、杨村糕干、糖炒栗子、熟梨糕、锅贴等百余种,但是部分小吃缺乏推广,如今已经面临失传。而天津当地的早餐独具地方特色、种类繁多,如煎饼馃子、锅巴菜、老豆腐、果子、炸糕、素卷圈、馄饨等。天津的地方特产则有糖炒栗子、天津冬菜、独流老醋、北塘虾酱、杨村糕干等。",
"title": "天津市"
},
{
"docid": "40432#11",
"text": "锅巴菜深受天津本地人士以及曾经旅居天津的人士喜爱,如青年时期曾在天津读书的第六届全国政协主席邓颖超十分青睐天津的锅巴菜和煎饼馃子。有天津市民在接受关于天津饮食的采访中表示,锅巴菜、煎饼馃子等天津特色早餐是天津饮食中最具特色的。",
"title": "锅巴菜"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1237584#0",
"text": "天津滨海新区海鲜美食街又称鲤鱼门美食街,是一条坐落在天津市滨海新区的特色海鲜餐饮街区。位于原汉沽中心渔港经二路以西,平水五路以北。一期规划总占地面积61079平方米,于2010年6月16日营业。",
"title": "天津滨海新区海鲜美食街"
},
{
"docid": "1237584#1",
"text": "天津滨海新区海鲜美食街坐落于汉沽中心渔港休闲港湾区,周边拥有14个海域作业港区、冷库群、大型水产品市场和水产品加工基地。其中,规划总占地面积9.7万平方米,总建筑面积47930平方米,由天津滨海新区建设投资集团投资建设,其中沿街建筑包括四合院、海鲜市场、观海楼、大餐厅、渔家小院、沿街商铺、临海大排档、步行街休闲广场及停车场等。",
"title": "天津滨海新区海鲜美食街"
},
{
"docid": "1691274#0",
"text": "天津灌汤包为中國天津市的著名小吃。作为天津传统的中华名吃,天津灌汤包以“皮薄馅大、口味醇香、18个摺、肥而不腻、鲜香可口、荤素搭配、色泽金黄、清香上口”而著称。",
"title": "天津灌汤包"
}
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997826#0 | 中国二级保护植物有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "1420316#1",
"text": "1984年,广东省人民政府在南昆山设立级自然保护区,受保护的植物有194科,共有703属1519种,如中国的二级保护植物黑桫椤、福建柏、樟树、润楠、格木、绣球茜草等;动物有4纲29目,共76科295种,如保护区栖息的蟒蛇、云豹和林麝属于中国的一级保护动物。",
"title": "南昆山"
},
{
"docid": "414#20",
"text": "贵州省是中国野生动植物物种资源比较丰富的省份。全省有野生动物资源1000余种,其中黔金丝猴、黑叶猴、黑颈鹤等16种为国家一级保护动物。国家二级保护动物有71种,主要有穿山甲、黑熊、水獭、大灵猫、小灵猫、林麝、红腹雨雉、白冠长尾雉、红腹锦鸡等。共建立国家级自然保护区9个。植物资源有森林、草地、农作物品种、药用植物、野生经济植物和珍稀植物等六类。银杉、珙桐、梵净山冷杉、贵州苏铁等15种为国家一级保护植物,植物物种丰富程度居全国第四位。“夜郎无闲草,黔地多良药”,贵州省是全国四大中药材产区之一,有药用植物资源4419种,占全国中草药品种的80%,居全国第二位。贵州农作物品种丰富,栽培的粮食作物、油料作物、纤维植物和其他经济作物近600个品种,粮食作物以水稻、玉米、小麦、马铃薯、甘薯、大豆为主,其他经济作物主要有蔬菜、茶叶、烤烟、水果、甘蔗等品种。经济林木主要有油桐、油茶、乌桕、漆树、核桃等,大方生漆、六马桐油为贵州名优土特产品代表。",
"title": "贵州省"
},
{
"docid": "281063#6",
"text": "管理区气候温和,雨量充沛,适宜于植物生长,植被种类繁多。蕨类植物15科25种,裸子植物7科13种,被子植物94科383种。其中属国家一级保护的有木本植物银杏、水杉、红豆杉等,属国家二级保护的有樟树、金钱杉等。水生植物经济价值较高的有湘莲、茭白、芡实、水芹等,生长于洲滩和湖泊。境域属洞庭湖湿地生态类型,鸟类和鱼类资源丰富。鸟类资源有28科52种,属国家二类保护动物有猴面鹰等。鱼类资源有12目22科97种,其中属国家一级保护的有中华鲟、白鲟等。哺乳类动物有10科20种,其中属国家一级保护的有江豚等。两栖类和爬行类有22种。昆虫类有65科171种。地下矿产物主要有黄金、砂砾石、粘土和风化石。境内土壤有3个大类、5个亚类、14个土属、30个土种、4个变种,其中水稻土壤和潮土面积占86%,加上土质肥沃,光照充足,适宜水稻、甘蔗、玉米、蔬菜、瓜果等作物种植。",
"title": "屈原管理区"
},
{
"docid": "7679573#4",
"text": "新疆巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区内至少有81科444属1178种植物。其中7科8属15种为羊齿植物,3科4属7种为裸子植物,71科431属1136种为被子植物,被子植物中62科360属913种为双子叶植物,9科71属913种为单子叶植物。保护区内植物含30属以上的科有菊科、禾本科和十字花科。10属到30属的有唇形科、伞形科、藜科、豆科、蔷薇科、毛茛科、紫草科、石竹科。另外,玄参科、百合科、兰科、莎草科、蓼科、龙胆科、罂粟科等也存在于保护区内。保护区内植物种数超过20种的属包括黄芪属、苔草属和葱属。蒿属、棘豆属、龙胆属等在保护区内较为常见。保护区内有2科2属6种(变种)的巴尔鲁克山特有种,分别为(\"Fritillaria yuminensis\")、白花裕民贝母(\"Fritillaria yuminensis\" var. albiflora)、粉红花裕民贝母(\"Fritillaria yuminensis\" var. roseoflora)、(\"Fritillaria tortifolia\")、重瓣托里贝母(\"Fritillaria tortifolia\" var. plena)以及托里风毛菊。保护区内有被列为《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》易危物种的新疆野苹果和濒危物种野巴旦杏(\"Amygdalus ledebouriana\" Schlecht)。以及有中华人民共和国《国家重点保护野生植物名录》二级保护植物的新疆阿魏、新疆紫草、贝母属下的新疆贝母、裕民贝母、白花裕民贝母、粉红花裕民贝母、托里贝母及重瓣托里贝母。以种区分植物区系的话,保护区内以北温带成分为主,其中最多的为旧世界温带成分,次于北温带成分的是地中海成分。此处为伊朗-吐兰植物的区系与准噶尔植物区系的汇合点。保护区内植被类型大致可分为山地针叶林、落叶阔叶林、灌丛、荒漠、草原、草甸、沼泽和高山植被八个植被类型。",
"title": "新疆巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7280914#1",
"text": "保护区有珍稀濒危植物19科29种,其中国家一级保护植物有伯乐树、南方红豆杉和合柱金莲木,国家一级保护动物有鼋、蟒蛇、熊猴、金钱豹和林麝。",
"title": "九万山国家级自然保护区"
},
{
"docid": "6016296#5",
"text": "南滚河国家级自然保护区在中国植物区系的分区上属于古热带植物的滇、缅、泰地区;植被区划属于热带季雨林、雨林区,西部(偏干性)季雨林、雨林亚区,北热带季节性雨林、半常绿季雨林地带中的滇西南河谷山地半常绿季雨林区。有记录的维管植物共有2,439种,分属222科,1,066属。其中蕨类植物43科,94属,150种,种子植物179科,972属,2,289种。植物名录中属珍稀濒危保护植物的共计216种,占保护区维管植物种类的8.86%,包括国家级保护植物18种,其中蕨类植物5种,被子植物13种。云南省级保护植物35种,均为被子植物。其他还有苔藓植物37科,83属,165种;大型真菌4个纲,22科,56属,102种。森林以热带雨林、热带季雨林为主,重要植物有桫椤、长蕊木兰、箭毒木、千果榄仁、董棕、铁杉、铁力木、四数木、云南石梓等。",
"title": "云南南滚河国家级自然保护区"
},
{
"docid": "6783000#2",
"text": "森林公园内生物多样性丰富,据调查有种子植物610种,国家一、二级保护植物有红松、野大豆、黄檗、水曲柳、核桃楸、乌苏里狐尾藻、莲等7种。动物209种,隶属61科,已查明的国家一级保护动物有东方白鹳、白尾海雕、丹顶鹤、东北虎、梅花鹿等13种,国家二级保护动物有史氏鲟、达氏鳇、大天鹅、棕熊等25种,国家三级保护动物有极北鲵、红点锦蛇等85种,另被列入濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约保护名录的有大白鹭、大杓鹬等12种。",
"title": "华夏东极国家森林公园"
},
{
"docid": "1276298#2",
"text": "区内有陆生植被和湿地植被2个种类,有维管束植物2060种,其中被子植物1944种,裸子植物15种,蕨类植物101种。国家Ⅱ级重点保护植物有7种,包括连香树、香果树、杜仲、野大豆、中华结缕草等;河南省濒危植物有22种。常见的木本植物计有63科461种,灌木有156种,藤本植物有26种,草本植物有410种。",
"title": "河南丹江湿地国家级自然保护区"
},
{
"docid": "451#43",
"text": "植物有维管束植物共4829种,其中木本植物1400余种,国家一级重点保护野生植物12种、二级重点保护44种,省级重点保护野生植物139种,孑遗植物及特有、珍稀属种较多,如如百山祖冷杉、普陀鹅耳枥、天目铁木等,百年以上古树及名木共21.84万株,其中500年以上国家一级保护古树6149株。共有野生脊椎动物775种,其中国家一级重点保护野生动物16种、二级重点保护79种。近岸浮游生物共530种,潮间带生物649种;海域鱼类386种,其中国家保护物种5种,中国特有种5种。国家级自然保护区7处、省级自然保护区9处、自然保护小区353处,国家森林公园39家、省级森林公园80家,国家级湿地公园10处、省级湿地公园17处。",
"title": "浙江省"
},
{
"docid": "7757109#2",
"text": "新疆塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区已知有1科1属1种的链束植物,34科84属132种种子植物,其中裸子植物1科1属2种,被子植物32科82属129种。主要包括胡杨、灰胡杨、骆驼刺、尖果沙枣、沙蓬、沙棘、柽柳等,其中包括被列入《中华人民共和国国家重点保护野生植物名录》的肉苁蓉。保护区内已知脊椎动物65科200余种,其中哺乳动物6目15科28种,鸟类17目40科140种,爬行动物2目3科19种,两栖动物1目2科4种,鱼类1目3科19种。其中有被列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》的有金雕、白肩雕、雕鸮等32种,保护区内动物中被列入《中华人民共和国国家重点保护野生动物名录》的一级保护野生动物包括金雕、白肩雕、小鸨、黑鹳、白尾海雕、野双峰驼、新疆大头鱼等8种,二级保护野生动物26种,包括红隼、塔里木马鹿、塔里木兔、大天鹅、鹅喉羚、草原斑猫、塔里木裂腹鱼等。另外,栖息于此的黄头鶺鸰、黄鶺鸰、杓鹬等13种候鸟被列入《中澳保护候鸟及其栖息环境的协定》,大白鹭、大麻鳽等41种候鸟被列入《中日保护候鸟及其栖息环境的协定》。另外,已经灭绝的新疆虎也曾经生活在包括保护区在内的塔里木河流域。",
"title": "新疆塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区"
}
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490430#0 | 中国有哪些手球选手? | [
{
"docid": "816603#1",
"text": "球員名單為:闫亮、郝可鑫、王晓龙、周小坚、崔亮、李和鑫、苗青、田剑侠、叶强、王泷、张星、張骥、祝捷、朱闻欣、崔磊;教練團中有姜在源、王心东及王遐,管理分別為王建国與金振宇,医生是宋扬。",
"title": "2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会中国手球队"
},
{
"docid": "816603#3",
"text": "成員名單為:吴亚楠、李薇薇、张耿、王莎莎、吴雯绢、刘晓妹、李兵、王旻、黄冬杰、刘赟、孙来苗、刘桂妮、黄红、闫美珠、韦秋香;闫威名、曹久利、杜江涛為隊中教練,而管理是王建国、金振宇,医生也是宋扬。",
"title": "2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会中国手球队"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6631020#0",
"text": "张丽(),出生于北京,中国女子手球运动员,曾代表中国国家队参加1996年夏季奥运会和2004年夏季奥运会女子手球比赛,分别获得第五名和第八名。",
"title": "张丽 (手球运动员)"
},
{
"docid": "40316#30",
"text": "黑龙江5名运动员入选,赛前预测有希望获得金牌的项1个,获得奖牌的项目2个。入选运动员为男子乒乓球名将孔令辉、篮球选手苗立杰、铁饼运动员李艳凤、跳远选手梁淑艳、竞走运动员刘云峰。孔令辉没有进入单打比赛,与王皓参加双打;比赛结果未能如愿。",
"title": "2004年夏季奥林匹克运动会中国代表团"
},
{
"docid": "6631008#0",
"text": "翟超(),出生于北京,中国手球运动员,曾参加1996年夏季奥运会和2004年夏季奥运会女子手球比赛,以及1999年,2001年和2003年世界锦标赛。2002年,她被选为IHF世界年度最佳女子手球运动员。",
"title": "翟超 (手球运动员)"
},
{
"docid": "6334710#2",
"text": "由于原先在2017年世界青年沙滩手球锦标赛上获得资格的泰国和中国因选择参加其他项目而放弃沙滩手球项目的资格,香港队递补获得沙滩手球的参赛资格。 香港有一名马术选手凭借世界排名获得青奥资格。",
"title": "2018年夏季青年奧林匹克運動會中國香港代表團"
},
{
"docid": "6844055#2",
"text": "中国奥委会指定跆拳道选手赵帅和排球选手朱婷为该届奥运中国代表团的开幕式旗手,两人都曾在2016年里约奥运夺得金牌,其中朱婷是历史上首位在夏奥开幕式上担任中国代表团旗手的女选手。田径选手苏炳添担任中国体育代表团闭幕式旗手。",
"title": "2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会中国代表团"
},
{
"docid": "4125959#11",
"text": "东道主中国队选择参加女子手球比赛。 中国队作为东道主有权参加男、女项目比赛。中国选择参与男子-66公斤级和女子-52公斤级的角逐。",
"title": "2014年夏季青年奥林匹克运动会中国代表团"
},
{
"docid": "6844055#1",
"text": "经中国奥林匹克委员会确认,该届奥运中国代表团共有包含替补在内的432名运动员(包括134名男运动员和298名女运动员)入选代表团阵容,中国代表团在该届奥运参加除棒球、垒球、手球和冲浪以外其他所有大项的比赛。入选代表团的选手当中有138人曾参加往届奥运,这当中有131人曾参加2016年里约奥运;24人曾获得奥运冠军,这当中有19人曾在2016年里约奥运夺冠。该届奥运中国队女选手占比达到69%,男女比例悬殊与前两届夏季奥运相比明显加剧。该国的男子奥运足球队、男子国家排球队和男子国家五人制篮球队此次均未能获得奥运资格,这在1984年以来尚属首次。",
"title": "2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会中国代表团"
},
{
"docid": "6631028#0",
"text": "刘赟(),出生于安徽合肥,中国女子手球运动员,曾代表中国参加2004年夏季奥运会和2008年夏季奥运会女子手球比赛。",
"title": "刘赟 (手球运动员)"
}
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2851683#0 | 甘肃省省会是哪里? | [
{
"docid": "410#0",
"text": "甘肃省,甘肃(),简称甘或陇,是中华人民共和国省份,位於中国西北地区、黄河上游,省会为兰州市,面积45万平方公里,排名第7。",
"title": "甘肃省"
},
{
"docid": "1761119#1",
"text": "1949年8月的兰州战役后,解放军攻占甘肃省省会兰州。12月2日,中央人民政府委员会第四次会议通过甘肃省人民政府组成人员名单。12月9日,隶属于中華民國政府的甘肃省政府主席、国军第119军军长王治岐和副军长蒋云台在武都县宣布“起义”。中华人民共和国政府取得甘肃省全境。",
"title": "甘肃省人民政府"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1138039#0",
"text": "甘肃等处行中书省,简称甘肃行中书省、甘肃行省、甘肃省或甘肃,是直属元朝中央政府的一级行政区,废除西夏中兴行省而建立。其省会曾由兴庆府移置甘州府。至元二十三年(1286年),徙置西夏中兴行省省会于甘州(今甘肃张掖市),立甘肃行省(即甘肃行中书省)。至元二十四年,以中兴府隶甘肃行省。甘肃行中书省为元朝中国本部的10个行中书省(不含征东行省等)之一,辖境包括今宁夏回族自治区,甘肃省大部、青海省东北部、内蒙古自治区以及陕西省北部的部分地区。南与四川行省等接壤。",
"title": "甘肃等处行中书省"
},
{
"docid": "7792371#0",
"text": "甘肃省道是指在甘肃省境内的由甘肃省编制编号的道路,省道的命名规则与国道一致,《国家公路网规划(2013-2030年)》的出台,以及随后2015年《甘肃省省道网规划(2013—2030年)》的出台,甘肃省道网将由6射40纵32横96联组成。",
"title": "甘肃省道"
},
{
"docid": "6997680#0",
"text": "甘肃省图书馆(简称甘图)是甘肃省兰州市的一座综合性公共图书馆,目前是中国西北地区的中心图书馆。馆址位于兰州市城关区南滨河东路488号。",
"title": "甘肃省图书馆"
},
{
"docid": "7172655#0",
"text": "中国共产主义青年团甘肃省委员会,简称共青团甘肃省委,是中国共产主义青年团在甘肃省的地方组织机构,接受中国共产党甘肃省委员会和中国共产主义青年团中央委员会的领导。主要负责青年工作。",
"title": "中国共产主义青年团甘肃省委员会"
},
{
"docid": "6957779#0",
"text": "中国人民政治协商会议甘肃省委员会,简称甘肃省政协,是中国人民政治协商会议在甘肃省的地方组织机构,成立于1955年2月。其主要职能是政治协商、民主监督、参政议政。",
"title": "中国人民政治协商会议甘肃省委员会"
},
{
"docid": "1138039#2",
"text": "甘肃等处行省正是在西夏故土上设立的,其范围在今宁夏回族自治区,甘肃省大部、青海省东北部、内蒙古自治区以及陕西省北部的部分地区。",
"title": "甘肃等处行中书省"
},
{
"docid": "6989294#0",
"text": "甘肃省人民代表大会(简称甘肃省人大)是中华人民共和国甘肃省的地方国家权力机关,1954年8月在兰州成立。其常设机构为甘肃省人民代表大会常务委员会。甘肃省人民代表大会每届任期五年,每年至少举行一次会议。",
"title": "甘肃省人民代表大会"
},
{
"docid": "6957779#1",
"text": "其前身是甘肃省各界人民代表会议协商委员会(简称甘肃省协商委员会)。1950年10月,甘肃省第一届各界人民代表会议第一次会议在兰州召开,选举产生甘肃省各界人民代表会议协商委员会,作为甘肃省各界人民代表会议闭会期间的常设机构。协商委员会共有主席、副主席、委员53人。设有学习委员会和政治法律、财政经济、文教卫生、民族宗教等4个工作组。",
"title": "中国人民政治协商会议甘肃省委员会"
}
] | [
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7339225#0 | 病毒有哪些传播途径? | [
{
"docid": "1029#43",
"text": "病毒的流行病学是现代医学中的一个分支,主要是研究基于人的病毒的传播途径和对病毒感染的控制方法。病毒的传播可以是垂直方式,如从母亲到婴儿,或者是水平方式,即从一个人到另一个人。的例子包括乙肝病毒和艾滋病毒,婴儿一出生就会从母亲处感染病毒;另一个少见的例子是水痘-带状疱疹病毒,虽然只会引起较温和的感染反应,但对于胎儿或刚出生的婴儿却是致命的。是最普遍的病毒在人群中的传播方式。病毒的传播途径包括:血液交换或性行为,如艾滋病毒、乙肝和丙肝病毒;口部的唾液交换,如人类疱疹病毒第四型;含病毒的食物或饮用水,如诺罗病毒;呼吸入以气溶胶形式存在的病毒,如流感病毒;以蚊虫为载体,通过蚊虫叮咬注入人体,如登革熱病毒。病毒感染的传播速率取决于多重因素:包括人口密度、易感染个体(例如缺乏对该病毒的免疫力)的数量、医疗和天气条件等。",
"title": "病毒"
},
{
"docid": "456798#9",
"text": "传播途径主要有感染性食物中毒和传染性胃肠炎。生食海贝类及牡蛎等水生动物是该病毒的主要传播途径,也会从非细菌性急性胃肠炎患者的呕吐物及粪便,或者干燥之后通过尘埃感染。",
"title": "诺如病毒"
},
{
"docid": "6293562#11",
"text": "传播方式主要是通过口腔的直接接触,如接吻、或通过共享餐具或香烟。通过口腔接触而传播的病原体有:疱疹病毒和传染性单核白血球增多症。",
"title": "传播途径"
},
{
"docid": "4975938#25",
"text": "病毒在宿主间的传播方式有很多,但每种病毒只会利用其中的一两种。很多植物病毒通过称为病媒的载体传播。有些感染动物(包括人类)的病毒也由病媒(通常是吸血昆虫)传播,不过直接传播更为常见。有些病毒(如诺如病毒和轮状病毒)通过食物、水、手和公用物品传播,人在與其他受感染者密切接触之後也可能會染上這類病毒。還有一些病毒(如流感病毒)通过空气传播。艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝等病毒則通常通过不安全的性接触或受污染的注射器针头传播。了解各种病毒的传播途徑对预防病毒感染和流行至關重要。",
"title": "病毒概論"
},
{
"docid": "6293562#17",
"text": "载体主要有两种途径传播疾病。 病原体可以依附在载体的表面上,这种传播通常是被动的。 例子:病原体依附在家蝇身体的表面上。 反之,病原体也可进入载体并透过载体和被感染者的接触而传播,例子:蚊叮。 通过这种方式而传播的病往往比较严重,例如 疟疾、 病毒性脑炎, 查加斯病, 莱姆病 和 非洲人类锥虫病。 载体通常是节肢动物,例如 蚊子, 蜱, 跳蚤 和 虱子。而且病原体往往在载体里有自己的生命周期。",
"title": "传播途径"
},
{
"docid": "1029#2",
"text": "病毒的传播方式多种多样,不同类型的病毒采用不同的方法。例如,植物病毒可以通过以植物汁液为生的昆虫,如蚜虫,来在植物间进行传播;而动物病毒可以通过蚊虫叮咬而得以传播。这些携带病毒的生物体称为“载体”。流感病毒可以经由咳嗽和打喷嚏来传播;诺罗病毒则可以通过手足口途径来传播,即通过接触带有病毒的手、食物和水;輪狀病毒常常是通过接触受感染的儿童而直接传播的;此外,艾滋病毒则可以通过體液接触来传播。",
"title": "病毒"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6293562#8",
"text": "在已开发国家也可以发现生粪-口途径传播的病原体。特别是当系统故障从而导致地下污水道溢出。典型通过粪-口途径传播的传染性病有:霍乱、甲型肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、轮状病毒、沙门氏菌和寄生虫(如:蛔虫)。",
"title": "传播途径"
},
{
"docid": "488251#25",
"text": "她反对官方宣传“艾滋病在中国的主要传播途径是性传播和吸毒传播”的观点,她认为中国农村并没有多少同性恋人口,贫穷的农民也无力购买毒品。此外,经武汉中南医院桂希恩教授在河南驻马店调查500多艾滋病病人, 夫妻 同居时间在5年以上, 对方感染愛滋病病毒者,40多人,证实艾滋病性传播的机率不到10 %, 因中国的艾滋病病毒类型与外国不同, 过分强调官方的观点助长了人们对于艾滋病患者的偏见。人们认为,既然吸毒或性滥交是艾滋病的主要传播途径,那么得艾滋病的人必定大多从事这类活动,进而称艾滋病为“脏病”。艾滋病患者也因而受到歧视甚至侮辱,并殃及家人。",
"title": "高耀洁"
},
{
"docid": "1208006#11",
"text": "猪瘟病毒的主要传播途径包括车辆、人员、设备、伴侣动物、鸟类和节肢动物等。空气也可以传播猪瘟病毒。怀孕母猪接触慢性CSFV毒株后会呈隐性传染并传播给胎儿,同时造成死胎和弱仔出现。此外,使用不安全的疫苗也可能引起母猪的繁殖障碍。",
"title": "猪瘟"
},
{
"docid": "1540407#11",
"text": "乙肝病毒在人类的主要传播途径是肠外体液接触,如血液和唾液(但感染的毒性因各种程度的乙肝疾病而不同);围产期婴儿与患者母亲接触。有人认为,在乙肝病毒感染率高的地区,如东亚、南亚以及撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲,围产期母亲患者对婴儿的传染,以及这种终身病毒携带的状态是高流行率的主要原因。还有案例发现,有乙肝表面抗原阳性的母乳的母亲是病毒携带者,但是还没有科学性的报道关于乙肝病毒通过母乳传播。",
"title": "嗜肝DNA病毒"
}
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6956980#0 | 苏联有哪些作家? | [
{
"docid": "142323#18",
"text": "从1917年开始,俄国开始向苏联过渡。这一进程对文学的发展产生了巨大影响。在苏联成立早期,曾经产生了一批相当优秀的作家,包括来自工人阶层的作家高尔基、诺贝尔文学奖得主肖洛霍夫、阿·托尔斯泰等。诗人马雅可夫斯基在苏联成立之后仍然活跃在诗坛上,领导苏联的未来主义运动。苏联成立之后,所谓的“社会主义的现实主义”文学占据了主导地位。然而一些作家,如米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫、帕斯捷尔纳克、曼德尔斯塔姆、瓦西里·格罗斯曼等人则仍然坚持俄国文学传统。米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫的作品《大师与玛格丽特》、鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克的《日瓦戈医生》等在苏联境内长期无法得以出版,很多都是在作者故世多年后才得以面世。謝拉皮翁兄弟主張以獨立的政治意識形態書寫的權利,蘇聯政府拒絕他們的意見,強迫他們接受社會主義、現實主義原則。",
"title": "俄国文学"
},
{
"docid": "142323#19",
"text": "很多苏联作家因此而流亡海外,形成了一个强大的俄国流亡文学阵营,其中包括很多20世纪最优秀的作家,如诺贝尔奖得主伊凡·亚历克塞维奇·蒲宁、亚历山大·库普林、安德烈·别雷、弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫等。",
"title": "俄国文学"
},
{
"docid": "415625#1",
"text": "1932年4月23日由蘇聯共產黨中央委員會發佈《关于改组文学艺术团体》決議成立,同时解散了此前由法捷耶夫担任主席的俄罗斯无产阶级作家协会。1934年8月17日至9月1日,在莫斯科举行了第一次全苏作家代表大会,會中確立其創作方向以革命浪漫主义为其组成部分的社会主义现实主义为苏联文学。蘇聯作家協會总书记的政治地位相當於國家部長級,享有相當的榮譽,高尔基、、法捷耶夫、卡爾波夫等先后任作家协会总书记。協會裡的作家也擁有極高的待遇,有房子、車子,還可以去黑海旅游度假,吃住全免费。他們在报纸、杂志上发表作品,出版新书,有驚人的稿费收入。",
"title": "苏联作家协会"
},
{
"docid": "6757#42",
"text": "斯大林去世后,苏联的文化艺术领域逐渐解冻。赫鲁晓夫在任期间,一些具有改革思想和批评苏联现状的作品得到发表,他本人则致力于平衡自由主义和保守主义的关系。作家弗拉基米尔·杜金采夫于1956年发表长篇小说《不单单是为了面包》,讲述理想主义的工程师被冷酷的官僚所毒害的故事。同年11月文学年鉴《莫斯科文学》出版,其中的部分诗歌表达了去斯大林化的积极影响。赫鲁晓夫担忧知识分子的自由化倾向,他批评杜金采夫的文章“某些章节写的很有力度”,但“思想基础是错误的”。同时他还多次指责《莫斯科文学》是“意识形态谬误的”。1957年,鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克的小说《齊瓦哥醫生》由于在苏联国内遭拒绝出版,被偷运到意大利米兰发表,这使他获得1958年的诺贝尔文学奖,却被苏联的保守主义者视为叛徒行径,《真理报》将其作品批判为“低级反动的作品”,苏联作家协会也开除了他的会籍。同时,赫鲁晓夫发起批判帕斯捷尔纳克的运动,但在回忆录中,他宣称“对《齊瓦哥醫生》感到矛盾,一度考虑同意出版,后来又对未能出版感到后悔。”赫鲁晓夫下台后看了这部小说,他重新评价道:“我们不应该禁止它。我本应该亲自看看这本小说,里面并没有什么反对苏联的意思。”1962年,亚历山大·索忍尼辛描写劳改营生活的中篇小说《伊凡·杰尼索维奇的一天》得到赫鲁晓夫的推崇,同年12月在赫鲁晓夫的建议下,苏共中央主席团允许将其改版后公开发表。",
"title": "尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "142323#22",
"text": "苏联晚期的流亡作家有很多也取得了国际声誉,如诺贝尔文学奖得主约瑟夫·布罗茨基以及短篇小说作家多弗拉托夫等在西方国家的影响力相当大,而这些人的作品在苏联国内仍然只能秘密的流传。",
"title": "俄国文学"
},
{
"docid": "415625#0",
"text": "蘇聯作家協會(Writers' Union of the U.S.S.R.)是前苏联的官方作家组织,机关刊物为《文学报》,其他官方刊物有《新世界》、《外国文学》等。高尔基文学院为其下属机构。",
"title": "苏联作家协会"
},
{
"docid": "1818239#5",
"text": "1980~90年代任苏联作家协会理事会书记兼俄罗斯联邦作家协会理事会副主席。1991年他曾和普罗哈诺夫、瓦勒廷·拉斯普京、久加诺夫等人一起发表公开信《告人民书》批评戈尔巴乔夫的经济改革政策,同年发表的杂文集《诱惑》中,他批评了苏联的政治文化制度。他的近作《百慕大三角》(1999)以一位苏联老知识分子老画家的视角观察八十年代末到九十年代的政治变动。",
"title": "尤里·瓦西里耶维奇·邦达列夫"
},
{
"docid": "4459988#19",
"text": "赫鲁晓夫的解冻使苏联社会在一定程度上允许了一些外国电影、书籍、艺术和音乐。随着苏联官方审查政策的改变,一些以前被禁止的作家和作曲家,如安娜·阿赫玛托娃和米哈伊尔·佐申科等,重回公众视野。一些国际知名作家的书籍,如海明威的书,出版了数百万册,以满足苏联读者的兴趣。",
"title": "赫鲁晓夫解冻"
},
{
"docid": "3951322#0",
"text": "鲍里斯·安德烈耶维奇·皮利尼亚克(,)苏联作家。苏联文学奠基人之一,曾在二三十年代的苏联文学史上占有重要地位,他丰富的文学创作对苏联文学起到了承前启后的作用。",
"title": "鲍里斯·安德烈耶维奇·皮利尼亚克"
},
{
"docid": "6923810#0",
"text": "维克托·普拉托诺维奇·涅克拉索夫(,),苏联的著名作家,参加过苏德战争,创作风格为现实主义,1966年签署反对为斯大林平反的《25人公开信》,1967年作为持不同政见者被开除党籍,1974年被开除出苏联作协,1975年迁居法国巴黎。1987年因为肺癌在巴黎去世。",
"title": "维克托·普拉托诺维奇·涅克拉索夫"
}
] | [
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4441011#0 | 国际上流通的货币有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "190572#5",
"text": "外币贸易市场是世界上最大的国际贸易市场。这个市场也是确定各种货币之间兑换比率的机构。最重要的贸易点有纽约、东京、香港、法兰克福、伦敦等。最重要的外币有美元、欧元、日元以及英镑和瑞士法郎。",
"title": "外幣"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "13545#0",
"text": "欧元(Euro;符號:';ISO 4217代码'),港澳俗稱為歐羅,是欧盟中19个国家的货币,这19国是奥地利、比利时、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、馬爾他、塞浦路斯、斯洛伐克、愛沙尼亞、拉脱维亚、立陶宛,合称为欧元区。目前共有3.3亿人使用欧元,如果加上与欧元固定汇率制的货币,欧元影响到全球4.8亿人口。2006年12月,共有6,100亿欧元在市面上流通,按照当时汇率计算,相当于8020亿美元。欧元流通的现金总价值超过美元。",
"title": "欧元"
},
{
"docid": "1699424#1",
"text": "在大多数地区,货币面额单位之间的换算多以十进制计。非十进制计算的货币单位换算目前较少存在,但其在日常流通过程中却有着自身的优势,比如:1 = 60,而数字60可以被2、3、4、5、6、10、12, 15、20和30整除,使得交易变得简单。在没有计算器而且缺少精准衡器的时代,非十进制的货币单位凭借自身优势得以存在。从理论上看,目前仅有毛里塔尼亚与马达加斯加两国存在非十进制的货币面额单位;但是实际上,这两种货币的价值都很低,换算后都不到美元的千分之一,其辅币很少在市面上流通。衣莱姆比郎甲实为结转货币。2005年,马达加斯加宣布停用马达加斯加法郎,每5个马达加斯加法郎兑换1阿里亚里,衣莱姆比郎便成为了马达加斯加法郎的替代者。除此之外,较晚废除非十进制货币单位的国家还有英国(1971年)、爱尔兰(1971年)、马耳他(1972年)、尼日利亚(1973年)等。",
"title": "面额"
},
{
"docid": "2981#10",
"text": "根据美国国家安全局1994年公布,全世界美钞流通量为3500亿元,1/3在美国境内流通,2/3在外国流通。纽约联储局报告称,在2002年末,在市面流通的6,200亿美元货币中,有大约55%到60%,即3,400亿到3,700亿美元左右是在美国以外地区流通的。根据联邦储备体系最近的估计,在所有流通的美元中,大约三分之二为美国境外持有。在2012年底於全世界流通的美国货币总额已达一兆一千兩百六十七亿美元。仅在1989到1996年3月间,流到俄罗斯和阿根廷的美钞就分别达到了440亿和350亿美元。而美国印制一张1美元钞票的材料费和人工费只需0.03美元,却能买到价值1美元的商品,美国由此得到每年大约250亿美元的巨额铸币税收益,二战以来累计收益在二万亿美元左右。",
"title": "美元"
},
{
"docid": "3805596#0",
"text": "北美洲货币列表列出北美洲23个主权国家的18种正式流通的货币。",
"title": "北美洲货币列表"
},
{
"docid": "87682#46",
"text": "目前最新的第五套人民币于1999年10月1日起发行。货币有8种面值:1角、5角、1元、5元、10元、20元、50元和100元。2004年,带有毛泽东头像的1元纸币开始发行。从1999年起,流通的硬币共有1分、2分、5 分、1角、5角和1元面值。",
"title": "中国货币史"
},
{
"docid": "304957#1",
"text": "数字黄金货币由很多供应商发行。每个竞争供应商都发行独立的数字黄金货币,基本都以他们的公司名字命名。当前流通的数字黄金货币有e-gold和Liberty Reserve是应用最流行的数字黄金货币供应商,拥有最大数量的用户。在黄金储备总量方面,GoldMoney是领导供应商(2006年5月)。",
"title": "数字黄金货币"
},
{
"docid": "89538#1",
"text": "目前有超过4000种私营货币在35个国家流通。这包括私人拥有的黄金和白银、地方纸币和电子货币,例如数位黄金货币。",
"title": "私营货币"
},
{
"docid": "7123127#0",
"text": "現共有180種貨幣獲聯合國會員國、聯合國觀察員、有限承認國家及其属地認定為法定貨幣,在扣除之後則餘130種。",
"title": "流通貨幣列表"
},
{
"docid": "129440#0",
"text": "中华民国大陆时期货币,在中國大陸又被称為“民国货币”,指1912-1949年间流通于中华民国境内的货币。由于时局多变,各类政权林立,皆自行發行货币。除中华民国政府发行的法定货币外,还有多种地方性以及民间货币。地方性货币如臺灣銀行发行的旧台币和新台币,西藏地方政府发行的藏币等。而由地方政府、商号、金融机构发行民间货币则更为庞杂。中国共产党政权发行的边币和汪精卫政权发行的中儲券等,由于其政权势力范围较广,亦是当时发行量、流通区域较大的货币。",
"title": "中華民國貨幣 (大陸時期)"
}
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5746421#0 | 浙江卫视有哪些户外综艺? | [
{
"docid": "1225460#28",
"text": "自浙江卫视2008年提出“中国蓝”概念后,浙江卫视综艺节目大幅增加,制作出一系列膾炙人口的娛樂與綜藝節目。著名的节目包括《奔跑吧》(原为《奔跑吧兄弟》,后因「限韓令」而改名)、《中国好声音》、《我爱记歌词》(已停播)、《我是大评委》(已停播)、《爱唱才会赢》(已停播)、《冲关我最棒》(已停播)、《爸爸回来了》(已停播)、《中国梦想秀》、《高能少年团》、《我就是演员》、《梦想的声音》、《二十四小时》、《王牌對王牌》等。现综艺节目播出时段繁多,其中周五、周六晚间时段播出的均为首播节目,周日至周四晚间时段播出的大部分为重播节目,有时会播出首播节目,此前曾推出“921节目带”,现已取消。在白天时段,浙江卫视也会重播综艺节目。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1225460#29",
"text": "浙江卫视的综艺节目,大部分都是五个字(不过某些节目除外,例如《来吧冠军》)。为配合广电总局要求,从2016年起,浙江卫视开始增加原创综艺节目的比重。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#27",
"text": "目前,浙江卫视有四個主要的电视剧播出時段,分別為《经典剧场》(周一至周五上午时段)、《百姓剧场》(周一至周五下午时段)、《中国蓝剧场》(每天黄金时段)和《中国蓝周播剧场》(每周一至四晚间时段)。其中《经典剧场》时段為近期浙江卫视《中国蓝剧场》播過的电视剧;《百姓剧场》时段為之前在黄金时段播過的电视剧;《中国蓝剧场》为日播首播剧播出时段,现周日至周五播出两集,周六播出一集;《中国蓝周播剧场》为周播首播剧播出时段,每周一至四播出两集。曾经设置的电视剧播出时段还包括《假日剧场》(周末白天时段),现已取消。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#46",
"text": "浙江卫视在新马地区与astro和星和电信达成战略合作,目前浙江卫视大多综艺节目都会通过astro全佳HD、HUB都会台双平台同步直播和延后录播。另外《中国新歌声》还会通过八度空间同步延时播放。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#44",
"text": "浙江卫视的频道形象声音代言人是何雁南,俗称“青龙哥雁南”,曾配音过《我爱记歌词》、《中国梦想秀》节目等大型节目旁白。由于晚间时段“中国蓝剧场”以及一些周播综艺节目(《中国新歌声》及領跑20XX演唱會除外)仅享有在中国大陆地区的首映权(通常在每天19:30-23:00之間),故在香港now宽频电视、香港有线电视平台会在《新闻联播》结束后一瞬间立马屏蔽,并使用动画提示覆盖香港now宽频电视555频道(浙江卫视)中国蓝剧场开始屏蔽过程。而《中国新歌声》由于nowTV购买了香港特区同步转播权,故在收费平台当中的now宽频电视555频道、香港有线电视35频道传送的浙江卫视的该时段综艺节目则未受影响,而且《領跑20XX演唱會》(全球直播)则会照常同時直播。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "3182122#5",
"text": "目前,浙江广电集团保留呼号的“浙江电视台”拥有11条频道,現拥有浙江卫视、钱江频道、浙江经视等11个频道。其中浙江卫视在中国大陆拥有较高收视率,与湖南卫视、东方卫视、江苏卫视旗鼓相当且这四个卫视时常位居省级卫视收视率的前四名而被民众从整体上习惯性地称为四大卫视,代表节目包括奔跑吧、中国新歌声等。",
"title": "杭州媒体"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#12",
"text": "自广电总局发出限娱令后,2012年起,浙江卫视除保留周五、周六黄金时段综艺时段外,原周间21:21节目带改为人文节目及生活服务类节目,其他黄金档综艺节目则移至晚上十点后播出。4月,周立波加盟的《中国梦想秀》第三季开播,同时浙江卫视推出“第一梦想频道”概念。7月,引进荷兰《The voice》节目模式,推出与灿星传媒合作制作的音乐真人秀节目《中国好声音》,播出后反响热烈,迅速成为现象级节目。9月1日,举办“中国蓝迈向五周年”晚会,发布由陈奕迅演唱的台歌《梦想天空分外蓝》。9月30日,《中国好声音》巅峰之夜以分段收视破6%、分段收视份额近30%的成绩,创造了浙江卫视开播以来的最高收视记录,也创下自《2005年超级女声》后全国卫视综艺节目最高收视纪录。自此,浙江卫视稳居全国卫视一线阵营之列。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#0",
"text": "浙江电视台综合频道,或浙江电视台卫星频道(简称浙江衛視,前名:浙江电视台新闻综合频道;),是浙江广播电视集团旗下的卫星综合频道,于1994年1月1日上星播出,在中国大陆因收视率与湖南卫视、东方卫视、江苏卫视旗鼓相当且这四个卫视时常位居省级卫视收视率的前四名而被民众从整体上习惯性地称为四大卫视。浙江卫视具有代表性的节目有奔跑吧、中国好声音等。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#7",
"text": "2007年1月,推出情景栏目剧《三个女人一台戏》,3月,推出全国首档母子互动节目《母爱总动员》。5月,与浙江影视集团合办体育竞技真人选秀节目《梦想奥运真男孩》。2007年国庆黄金周,《太可乐了》推出七期特别节目《我爱记歌词》,这档脱胎于美国NBC《合唱小蜜蜂》的音乐互动综艺节目大受欢迎,比浙江卫视以往同时段节目平均收视高出280%,刷新了浙江卫视栏目收视纪录,10月26日起成为固定周播节目,在每周五晚9时21分的黄金时段播出。这是浙江卫视第一档真正意义上拥有全国影响力的综艺节目,被国家广电总局作为典型节目形态向全国推荐,获得《综艺》、《新周刊》等杂志的年度综艺节目奖,并在全国掀起了“音乐K歌”类节目风潮。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
},
{
"docid": "1225460#23",
"text": "浙江卫视現階段常規的新聞資訊節目包括《浙江新闻联播》、《今日聚焦》、《新闻深一度》、《今日评说》。曾经播出过的节目包括《新闻超视》、《寻找王》、《新闻直通车》(由原《寻找王》改版而来,最初在傍晚时段播出,后改为早间时段播出)、《午间新闻快报》、《今日证券》等。目前,浙江卫视各档新聞資訊節目均由浙江广电集团融媒体新闻中心(2020年前为浙江卫视新闻中心)制作。",
"title": "浙江卫视"
}
] | [
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1508718#0 | 香港有哪些综艺节目? | [
{
"docid": "41294#13",
"text": "除上述基本的港台電視節目時段外,尚有每年1 月的《十大中文金曲頒獎音樂會》、小量非黃金時段節目,如《左右紅藍綠》(及其前身《五稜鏡》)、《奉告》、《城市論壇》、《識多一點點》、《上網問功課》(及其前身《打電話問功課》)、《英語一分鐘》、《中文一分鐘》等,這些節目大部份長期固定時段及頻道,不會作每年對調,部份為只在某一頻道播出,部份為兩頻道皆播出。英語頻道,即無綫明珠台及亞視國際台,亦須播出教育電視及小量英語港台電視節目。",
"title": "香港電台"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "617410#1",
"text": "台灣和香港的綜藝節目發展多時,早期比較有名的節目如《群星會》、《歡樂今宵》等。",
"title": "綜藝節目"
},
{
"docid": "1211023#2",
"text": "在香港和广东等粤语地区,小品又被称为诙谐剧、趣剧,大多以幽默搞笑的故事情节,带出社会百态,讽刺时弊。常在香港的综艺节目中见到,而全球最长寿的电视综艺节目《歡樂今宵》则孕育过众多喜剧小品。香港众多天王巨星、影帝影后均曾参与过不同电视台的综艺节目的小品演出。代表人物有梁醒波、谭炳文、卢海鹏、林建明、夏雨、朱咪咪、尹光、吴君如、周星驰、郑中基、阮兆祥、薛家燕、黄子华、詹瑞文等,新生代有虾头杨诗敏、王祖蓝、李思捷等。",
"title": "喜剧小品"
},
{
"docid": "538974#2",
"text": "除了娱乐、电影、音乐等综艺节目外,香港各大电视台也有很多特色节目,如新闻财经、体育社会、饮食文化、儿童妇女等节目,这些特色节目也造就一群金牌司仪。随着1990年代,政论节目和烽烟节目的兴起,一些香港的政论家和政论节目主持人也成为香港的一代名嘴,如黄毓民、陶杰、陶君行、施永青、刘梦熊、叶刘淑仪、陈方安生、刘慧卿等,而一批资历深厚且阅历颇丰的文艺圈人士因参与政论节目,而成为香港炙手可热的名嘴,如潘小涛、梁文道、胡恩威、刘天赐、马家辉、谭卫儿、张翠容、施南生、刘锐绍、萧若元、岑建勋、狄娜、卢觅雪、查小欣等。",
"title": "主持人"
},
{
"docid": "538974#4",
"text": "因香港是国际金融中心,财经节目颇受欢迎,每家电视台均常设财经股评节目,众多电视股评人也风靡香港,如胡孟青、马时亨、曹仁超、陈永陆等人也成为香江投资界的名嘴。体育节目拥有广大观众群,一些著名的体育节目主持人和评论员也应运而生,如林尚义、潘宗明、韩毓霞、马启仁、钟志光、潘源良等等。妇女和儿童节目也诞生一批名嘴名人,如方任丽莎(方太)、安德尊、谭玉英等等。赛马节目亦缔造了一批马评家,如董骠和陈百祥等。深夜的电台鬼故事节目和倾情节目孕育出白韵琴、陈海琪、颜联武、路芙、黄伟文、雷宇扬等名嘴。这些特色节目的主持人,除将专业范畴带入节目外,更可拉近市民大众对专业人士的距离。",
"title": "主持人"
},
{
"docid": "1211023#3",
"text": "在香港,小品、趣剧的创作人员也人才辈出,早期的“talk show”节目和表演,均有多位幕后资深编剧和精英撰写,如名嘴黄霑、“金牌司仪”许冠文、已故的著名编剧黄炳耀、大导演王晶、创作人黎文卓、创作人吴昊、导演刘镇伟、导演高志森、著名电影人郑丹瑞等均有参与过早期缤纷悦目的搞笑talk show编剧。及后,许多香港的综艺节目、大型节目等,主持人介绍节目和嘉宾的讲稿对白、颁奖典礼中颁奖嘉宾的颁奖词、节目环节与环节之间的串场等,均以趣剧小品等趣味形式展开,一大群综艺节目的创作精英,必须学会撰写栋笃笑和小品趣剧的技巧,因此一大批栋笃笑创作人也应运而生,如蔡和平、刘天赐、吴雨、何丽全、曾展章、黎文卓、余咏珊、甘国亮、彭济才、何丽全等,还有创作鬼才许冠文、王晶、林超荣、李力持、高志森、郑丹瑞、陈庆嘉等,香港著名“度桥”人李瑜、胡美屏、吴金鸿、区华汉、钟景辉、金广城、刘定坚、刘镇华、郑介立等等。这批笑话、栋笃笑、小品趣剧的创作人,及后均称为香港电影界和华语演艺界最著名的喜剧创作家。",
"title": "喜剧小品"
},
{
"docid": "5930808#17",
"text": "由于香港電台为公营广播机构,并无商业广告,故香港電台转播的央视综合频道所有广告时段以央视自制公益广告(如“大美中国”宣传片、“手创中国”宣传片、“国家品牌计划”宣传片)及内地广电总局制作的公益广告或者有关中国梦的中共政治宣传歌曲或爱国歌曲的MV取代(包括《新闻联播》前的报时广告、《朝闻天下》、《新闻30分》、《晚间新闻》的广告时段)。其实曾在亚视播出时,早期曾大量播放和大陆同步的广告,但后期广告时段变得鲜有商业宣传,基本上如同现在那样大多播放公益广告(根据香港通讯管理局要求,若免费电视转播的外来频道需要带着转播商业广告,亦要保证该转播机构的电视台有对应广告收入,且在符合广播电视条例情况下),只不过那时候CCTV-1港澳版并机央视新闻节目时,节目的贴片商业广告还会带着一起播出,且一些综艺晚会节目还会带着赞助商广告一起播出(但在黄金时段禁忌卖酒的时候,以及涉及过渡植入广告、仅限中国大陆播放权的时候,亦会改播其他节目,但在2019年9月30日晚,由于新闻联播节目超时再加上央视临时决定并机新闻频道有关庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年特别报道而同步播放大陆地区商业广告以及带有广告版本的联播天气预报,但是港台电视并未屏蔽商业广告)。",
"title": "中国中央电视台综合频道 (港澳版)"
},
{
"docid": "118377#21",
"text": "明珠台綜藝節目包括紀錄片、資訊、音樂、戲劇及娛樂節目等。另外亦有香港電視少見的英語自家製作,如《城市追擊》英語版(City Focus)、和近期的《港生活·港享受》(Dolce Vita)。",
"title": "明珠台"
},
{
"docid": "1447473#28",
"text": "粵語綜合頻道「香港開電視」內容包括綜藝娛樂、旅遊、飲食、劇集、體育、兒童、新聞、財經及資訊節目。大部分會是本地製作。",
"title": "奇妙電視"
},
{
"docid": "5394692#28",
"text": "樂視體育香港設有多個自家製作節目包括《Sports Café》、《樂場教波》、《明辯擂台》等,分別邀請不同本地運動員分享個人經歷,著名教練及球員為賽事作出分析,亦就網上不同英超熱話,邀請球証、球迷、評述員作互動式辯論。",
"title": "樂視體育香港"
}
] | [
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7395021#0 | 中国四大名醋有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "33057#3",
"text": "由于原料,工艺,饮食习惯的不同,各地的醋的口味相差很大,一般可以分为固态发酵的黑醋和液态发酵的红醋、白醋两大类。在中国北方大多数醋都是黑醋,最著名的醋種當屬明朝時發明的山西老陳醋。山西人以愛好食用醋而全國聞名,有“缴枪不缴醋”的笑谈。在中国南方,黑醋产品中影响最大的有镇江香醋、四川保宁醋两者,以上三种黑醋构成了中国四大名醋的前三位。此外,食用海鲜较多的东南沿海地区则大量使用液态发酵的红醋,其主体为浙江米醋,下有湖州老恒和、绍兴仁昌酱园、绍兴咸亨、广东珠江桥、豫西贾氏柿子醋等品牌。",
"title": "醋"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "98325#12",
"text": "永春老醋被称为“中国四大名醋”。",
"title": "永春县"
},
{
"docid": "951286#0",
"text": "山西老陈醋是中国四大名醋之一,产于山西省中部汾河平川十余个县市区,至今已有500年余年的历史。",
"title": "山西老陳醋"
},
{
"docid": "1528996#0",
"text": "中国四大名酒是指1952年在中国北京举行全国名酒评选選出的四大名酒,其中白酒包括汾酒、茅台酒、泸州老窖、西凤酒。",
"title": "中国四大名酒"
},
{
"docid": "7243857#1",
"text": "一般来说,“四大名鸡”包括了山东德州扒鸡、辽宁沟帮子熏鸡、河南道口烧鸡和安徽符离集烧鸡,这四种鸡肉料理皆因当地较为发达的铁路运输而闻名全国。另外有时江苏常熟的叫花鸡、河北保定的卤煮鸡和四川泸州的煮鸡(一种当地特色的白斩鸡)也会被列入“中国四大名鸡”之中。",
"title": "中国四大名鸡"
},
{
"docid": "46900#10",
"text": "特产有保宁压酒、丝绸、保宁醋、干牛肉、半夏曲、白糖蒸馍等,其中丝绸织造的历史有两千多年,而保宁醋则是中国四大名醋之一。",
"title": "阆中市"
},
{
"docid": "496048#2",
"text": "九龙牦牛、天祝白牦牛、青海高原牦牛、独龙牛(大额牛)、中国水牛(山区水牛、富钟水牛、西林水牛)、延边牛、复州牛、南阳黄牛、秦川牛、晋南牛、渤海黑牛、鲁西黄牛、温岭高峰牛、蒙古牛、雷琼牛。",
"title": "中国四大名牛"
},
{
"docid": "85044#0",
"text": "中国四大名绣是中国刺绣手工艺中最为突出的四种,包括:",
"title": "四大名绣"
},
{
"docid": "496048#1",
"text": "四大有多种说法,更有五大之说(民间说法并不统一):中国的牛类有很多亚种,如奶牛、黄牛、水牛、牦牛等。按地理位置分,内蒙古地区奶牛为主(牛奶),中原地区以黄牛为主(肉牛、皮草),秦岭淮河以南地区多水牛。",
"title": "中国四大名牛"
},
{
"docid": "100158#0",
"text": "鎮江香醋又稱鎮江醋,中国四大名醋之一。「香」字道明鎮江醋比起其他種類的醋來說,重點在有一種獨特的香氣。鎮江醋屬於烏醋,其製作方法,是以糯米酿成米酒,再加入醋酸菌,采用固态分层发酵方法精釀陳置而成,一般需要釀製近三個星期,并且需要经过半年以上甚至5年的时间陈酿而成。",
"title": "镇江香醋"
}
] | [
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5645414#0 | 乌克兰的首都是哪里? | [
{
"docid": "5438#0",
"text": "乌克兰(;)是位于东欧的共和国,南接黑海,东连俄罗斯,北与白俄罗斯毗邻,西与波兰、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、羅馬尼亞和摩尔多瓦诸国相连。地理位置上位於欧洲联盟与独联体的交界處,為西方世界与俄罗斯地缘政治的交會点,亦是天主教文明和東正教文明的交匯處。乌克兰是欧洲面积第二大的国家,僅次於俄羅斯,人口4,117万人(不包括克里米亚半岛)。根据乌克兰的行政区划,乌克兰有24个州、一个自治共和国,和两个直辖市(首都基辅和塞瓦斯托波爾),人口构成上78%为乌克兰人,其余有俄羅斯人和羅馬尼亞人等。乌克兰官方语言为乌克兰语,主要宗教为东正教。",
"title": "乌克兰"
},
{
"docid": "712675#0",
"text": "文尼察(乌克兰语:,)位于乌克兰中西部南布格河畔,是文尼察州的首府,2015年人口约37万。文尼察距离乌克兰首都基辅约260公里,距港口城市敖德萨429公里,距利沃夫369公里。",
"title": "文尼察"
},
{
"docid": "7881472#27",
"text": "当地时间25日清晨,俄军机械化部队正在由切尔诺贝利地区向乌克兰首都基辅进发。据中央廣播電視總台记者消息,俄军坦克已抵达基辅周边,乌军炸毁基辅附近一座桥梁。泽连斯基在首都基辅发表视频演说,警告俄罗斯的目的是针对他与家人的斩首行动,承诺将与家人和战士一起留在首都。泽连斯基表示:「我的家人是第二个目标。他们想在政治上通过摧毁国家元首来摧毁乌克兰。我会留在首都。我的家人也在乌克兰。」",
"title": "2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭"
},
{
"docid": "65347#6",
"text": "1991年,基辅局势动荡,乌克兰脱离苏联独立,该市成为乌克兰的首都,在2004年至2005年期間,基輔舉辦了迄今為止最大規模的後蘇聯公眾示威活動,以支持橙色革命。從2013年11月到2014年2月,基輔成為烏克蘭親歐盟示威運動的主要地點,2022年,由於俄羅斯軍隊全面襲擊烏克蘭,基輔出現大規模的疏散人潮,首都基輔地鐵免費開放,地鐵站將作為防空洞使用。",
"title": "基輔"
},
{
"docid": "2770730#0",
"text": "烏克蘭卡是烏克蘭的城市,位於該國北部第聶伯河右岸,距離首都基輔36公里,由基輔州負責管轄,始建於1967年,面積5.91平方公里,海拔高度91米,2011年人口15,338。",
"title": "烏克蘭卡 (烏克蘭)"
},
{
"docid": "5940#23",
"text": "烏克蘭設有兩個直轄市():基輔以及塞瓦斯托波爾。基輔該國首都,蘇聯時期為蘇聯第三大城。塞瓦斯托波尔目前在俄罗斯联邦的实际掌控之下。",
"title": "直辖市"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "90349#35",
"text": "共和国最早的首都是哈尔科夫,是为乌克兰共产党初创时期的中心城市。1934年,共和国迁都至基辅。",
"title": "乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国"
},
{
"docid": "7886055#0",
"text": "烏克蘭駐俄羅斯大使館是烏克蘭在俄罗斯联邦的主要外交機構,位於俄國首都莫斯科列昂捷夫斯基巷18號( )。",
"title": "烏克蘭駐俄羅斯大使館"
},
{
"docid": "594041#14",
"text": "对乌克兰人的第三个重要的国家是哥萨克酋长国。自15世纪后期起,扎波罗热哥萨克控制第聂伯河的下游,包括俄罗斯、波兰和克里米亚鞑靼人之间的地区,层层防守的国家首都称为。博格丹·赫梅利尼茨基酋长是最有名的,也同时是在乌克兰的早期现代史上最具争议的政治人物。他是一个杰出的军事领袖,他在国民革命的过程中最大的成就是即是建立扎波罗热哥萨克酋长国(1648年至1782年)。17世纪晚期毁灭时代的到来,在乌克兰历史上的标志是乌克兰人国家的解体和人口的总体下滑。在毁灭时代(1659年-1686年),乌克兰沿第聂伯河分为左岸乌克兰和右岸乌克兰,且两半开始相互敌对。期间,乌克兰的领导人在很大程度上是机会主义者和短视之人,谁也无法使他们的政策拥有广泛的群众基础。在17世纪末时,总共大约有400万乌克兰人。",
"title": "乌克兰族"
},
{
"docid": "435055#0",
"text": "乌里扬诺夫斯克(俄语:Улья́новск,俄语拉丁字母拼写:Ul'yanovsk)是俄罗斯联邦的一座城市,在1924年之前称作辛比尔斯克(俄语:Симби́рск)。 乌里扬诺夫斯克坐落于伏尔加河之畔,在莫斯科以东893公里,是乌里扬诺夫斯克州的首府。20世纪著名的俄国政治人物弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·列宁和亚历山大·克伦斯基,和泛突厥主義理論家優素福·阿克楚拉都在这里出生。",
"title": "乌里扬诺夫斯克"
}
] | [
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1580523#0 | 法兰克王国有哪些国家领袖? | [
{
"docid": "46587#4",
"text": "“法兰西”或“法国”()的名称来自日耳曼人的部落之一——法兰克人。墨洛温王朝的国王最初仅仅是部落的首领,今人所知的法兰克人最早的首领是法拉蒙德。克洛维一世是其中第一个真正登上王位的首领,他建立了法兰克王国。在他死后,他的王国被他的儿子瓜分为苏瓦松国(后成为纽斯特里亚国)、巴黎国、奥尔良国(后成为勃艮第国)和梅斯国(后成为奥斯特拉西亚国)四个独立王国。虽然后来这四个王国的某些国王不时得以统一整个王国,但在日耳曼人的传统影响下,统一的王国往往在国王死后被分给他的儿子们。除了巴黎国之外,其他三个国家都设立了宫相(宫廷总管),由于国王不理朝政(被称为“懒王”),政事委托宫相,使得宫相渐渐夺取国家的大权。",
"title": "法国君主列表"
},
{
"docid": "46587#5",
"text": "加洛林王朝诸王的统治比墨洛温王朝诸王更有力。起初,他们是奥斯特拉西亚的宫相,但到了丕平二世时击败了所有对手,成为法兰克唯一的宫相和实际的最高统治者,也是自克洛维一世以后第一次真正统一了全法兰克王国。丕平三世更篡夺了法兰克王位,取墨洛温王朝而代之以加洛林王朝。加洛林王朝是第一个真正的法国王朝。丕平三世的儿子查理一世(即查理曼或查理大帝)极大地拓展了法兰克王国的疆域并将之变为法兰克帝国(亦被称为查理曼帝国或查理大帝帝国,通常被认为是神圣罗马帝国的前身或是开始),但帝国被查理曼的儿子路易一世(即虔诚者路易)所分割。在843年路易一世的长子洛泰尔一世治世时,法兰克帝国最终分裂。日耳曼路易分得的帝国东部(即东法兰克王国)成为神圣罗马帝国和德意志即德国的前身,洛泰尔一世的帝国中部(即中法兰克王国)成为意大利、罗泰凌吉亚(洛林)和后来的神圣罗马帝国的一部分,而秃头查理(即查理二世)分得的帝国西部(即西法兰克王国)成为法兰西或法国。查理二世是第一位独立的西法兰克王国的国王,也被认为是第一位法国君主。",
"title": "法国君主列表"
},
{
"docid": "543#13",
"text": "法兰克人接受了高卢罗马文化,改说罗曼语族语言。克洛维定巴黎为首都,建立墨洛温王朝。克洛维死后,王朝陷入分裂,克洛维的四个儿子按照法兰克人的习惯,将法兰克国家一分为四,分别是巴黎、奥尔良、苏瓦松和兰斯。随后的时期,法兰克王权旁落,国家大权被原主理政事的宫相把持,称为“”。其中一位宫相查理·马特功勋卓著,他因为在图尔战役中挫败倭马亚王朝穆斯林的入侵,而赢得法兰克人的尊重。查理·马特之子矮子丕平篡夺了墨洛温王朝的王位,自立为王,开启加洛林王朝。矮子丕平之子查理大帝统一了法兰克诸国,建立跨越西欧与中欧的庞大帝国,史称“查理曼帝国”。800年,查理大帝于罗马由教宗良三世加冕,自立神圣罗马帝国皇帝,法国政府与天主教会历史悠久的联系也自此开始。查理大帝试图恢复西罗马帝国,继承其文化上的宏大功业。查理大帝死后,其子虔誠者路易保持了短时间内的安定统一,但在路易死后,加洛林帝国也陷入分裂。庞大的帝国被路易的三个儿子一分为三,东法兰克归日耳曼人路易,中法兰克归洛泰尔一世,西法兰克归秃头查理。其中,西法兰克被看作是现代法国的前身。",
"title": "法国"
},
{
"docid": "46587#1",
"text": "关于“法国”或“法兰西”何時開始以国家形式存在,素來頗多争论。其中对于“法国”一詞首次出現的时间點,一說為从公元486年法兰克王国墨洛温王朝国王克洛维一世击败西羅馬蘇瓦松王國末代君主夏克立乌斯算起。墨洛温王朝的末代国王在8世纪时被废黜,加洛林王朝取而代之,查理曼更加冕称帝,國名更改为法兰克帝国。然而在843年的《凡尔登条约》中,查理曼的三个孙子把帝国一分为三,秃头查理(即查理二世)获得西部,建立西法兰克王国。许多历史学家把西法兰克王国看作近代法国的雏形,也就把843年西法兰克的建国年作为法国建国年。另一个被认为是“法国”开始的日期是许多中世纪历史学家所倾向的987年,那一年西法兰克的末代国王路易五世驾崩,统治巴黎法兰西岛的于格·卡佩被选举为国王,建立法兰西王国,开始了直系的卡佩王朝的统治。然而,以上关于近代法国起源问题的传统观点从历史的角度来说是有问题的(见以下参考书目中的现代研究)。根据近来史学界的倾向,本列表从843年秃头查理建立西法兰克王国开始算起,因为西法兰克直接发展成为了如今的法国。关于之前的法兰克人的君主,请参见法兰克国王列表。",
"title": "法国君主列表"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "173665#2",
"text": "西罗马帝国灭亡后,法兰克王国在其存在的三个世纪中成为中欧最重要的国家,它当时是中欧的大国。在它瓦解后它的组成部分逐渐演变成今天的法国、德国和其它一些小国家。统治法兰克王国的國王出自墨洛温王朝和卡洛林王朝,查理大帝统治时期它达到了其顶峰。",
"title": "法兰克王国"
},
{
"docid": "173665#7",
"text": "511年克洛维死后,他的王国被他的四个儿子瓜分为苏瓦松国(后成为纽斯特里亚国)、巴黎国、奥尔良国(后成为勃艮第国)和梅斯国(后成为奥斯特拉西亚国)四个独立王国。虽然后来这四个王国的某些国王不时得以统一整个王国,但在日耳曼人的传统影响下,统一的王国往往在国王死后被分给他的儿子们。除了巴黎国之外,其他三个国家都设立了宫相(宫廷总管),由于国王不理朝政(被称为“懒王时代”),政事委托宫相,使得宫相渐渐夺取了国家的大权。639年達戈貝爾特一世死后,他的儿子得以再次继承一个统一的王国,但国家的实权掌握在宫相和王太后手中。",
"title": "法兰克王国"
},
{
"docid": "46587#8",
"text": "墨洛溫王朝是“法蘭克王國”第一個王朝,“法兰西”或“法国”()的名称来自日耳曼人的部落之一——法兰克人。墨洛温王朝的国王最初仅仅是部落的首领,今人所知的法兰克人最早的首领是法拉蒙德,當西羅馬帝國開始瓦解時,他們便乘機擴展地盤。克洛维一世是其中第一个真正登上王位的首领,在克洛維一世的帶領下他們佔領了高盧東北,並接收了羅馬的管理機構。他建立了法兰克王国,在他死後,他的王國被他的四個兒子瓜分為蘇瓦松國、巴黎國、奧爾良國和梅斯國四個獨立王國。",
"title": "法国君主列表"
},
{
"docid": "173665#15",
"text": "路易死于840年,他的儿子洛泰尔一世成为唯一的统治者,但是843年他的三个儿子还是在《凡尔登条约》裡决定三分法兰克帝国。帝国后来在855年的普吕姆分割、870年的《墨尔森条约》和880年的《利贝蒙条约》中又多次被细分。此后法兰克帝国再没有被统一过。各个不同的帝国部分发展出不同的习俗、民风、语言,成为了独立的国家。有一段时间裡,人们还称分开的国家为东法兰克王国、西法兰克王国和中法兰克王国。在之后的一百年内,加洛林家族对东部王国和西部王国的统治纷纷被王国境内的贵族家族所取代。虽然直至12世纪,两个王国依旧称为东西法兰克王国,但人们称之为非加洛林系的法兰克王国东部和西部,国王被称为非加洛林家族的“法兰克人的国王”。西法兰克王国后来被称为法兰西王国,东法兰克王国则演变为神圣罗马帝国,继续维持着罗马皇帝的传统。",
"title": "法兰克王国"
},
{
"docid": "173665#20",
"text": "西法兰克王国的国王路易三世死于882年,卡洛曼死于884年,东法兰克王国的查理三世到888年还被看作是整个帝国的皇帝。直到20世纪,法国与德国还互相将对方看作是“遗产对手”。",
"title": "法兰克王国"
},
{
"docid": "173665#1",
"text": "法兰克王国是一个多民族国家,其人民主要由民族大迁徙过程中从日耳曼尼亚迁入的民族组成。",
"title": "法兰克王国"
}
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] |
362110#0 | 北洋水师的创始人是谁? | [
{
"docid": "1675357#3",
"text": "清政府为加强海防,又于1880年由李鸿章在天津创建北洋水师大沽船坞。大沽船坞是近代中国北方第一座船坞,与旅顺军港、威海卫刘公岛并称北洋水师的三大基地,用于修理北洋水师的军舰,1890年始造军火。",
"title": "天津近代工业"
},
{
"docid": "434198#34",
"text": "光绪六年(1880年),清政府为加强海防,李鸿章在天津兴办北洋水师大沽船坞,是近代中国北方第一座船坞,与旅顺军港、威海卫刘公岛并称北洋水师的三大基地,用于修理北洋水师的军舰,1890年始造军火。",
"title": "天津歷史"
},
{
"docid": "98665#3",
"text": "1875年5月30日,慈禧太后諭令北洋大臣李鸿章创设北洋水师,李鸿章通过海关总税务司赫德在英国订造4舰铁甲舰。",
"title": "北洋水師"
},
{
"docid": "541985#0",
"text": "天津水师学堂,又名北洋水师学堂,由直隶总督兼北洋大臣李鸿章创办于1881年。",
"title": "天津水师学堂"
},
{
"docid": "6676985#2",
"text": "1875年,慈禧太后諭令北洋大臣李鴻章創設北洋水師;1875年至1880年期间,李鴻章通過海關總稅務司赫德向英國阿姆斯特朗造船廠(文献旧译“阿摩士庄厂”)訂製炮舰、巡洋舰等新式海軍船艦。",
"title": "北洋水師水兵墓"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "98665#0",
"text": "北洋水師是大清帝國建立的现代化海军,1880年代筹建,1888年12月17日在山东省威海卫刘公岛正式成立。北洋水師是清朝新式海軍四支艦隊中規模最大、投資最巨者,规模一度為世界第八、亚洲第一。但北洋水师提督丁汝昌及管带们对现代海战的残酷性缺乏认识,导致这支清政府倾全国之力打造的现代化军队全军覆没。",
"title": "北洋水師"
},
{
"docid": "7143124#0",
"text": "《北洋水师》是1998年拍摄的关于根据晚清时期北洋海军的故事,改编的历史电视剧。本剧由冯小宁执导,由陈宝国、陈道明、葛优、滕汝骏主演,荣获中国电视剧“飞天奖”优秀电视剧奖。",
"title": "北洋水师 (电视剧)"
},
{
"docid": "114800#0",
"text": "《北洋海軍章程》于1888年12月17日,清朝北洋水师正式宣告成立同日颁布施行。该章程由任北洋海军旗舰定远舰管带刘步蟾撰写,阐述了北洋水师船制、官制、升擢、事故处理、招考学生、俸饷、恤赏、工需杂费、仪制礼节、钤制、军规、简阅、武备、国旗、将旗、通语旗、水师后路各局等事项。",
"title": "北洋海軍章程"
},
{
"docid": "3176254#2",
"text": "光绪三十四年(1908年),李士钰、孙多森等人合伙创立北洋水火保险股份公司,李士钰任总理。",
"title": "李士鈺"
},
{
"docid": "360346#0",
"text": "广东水师亦稱粤洋水师,清朝末期部署于南海区域的一支海軍舰队,受到两广总督节制,主要基地设在广州黄埔。广东水师的历史可以追溯到同治五年至七年(1866-1868年),時任两广总督瑞麟向英国及法国购入了6艘蒸汽火炮舰船,用于巡海、缉私及捕盗,1875年後納入清朝新式海軍。宣统元年(1908年),广东水师与北洋水师、南洋水师、福建水师一起整编为巡洋舰队和巡江舰队。",
"title": "广东水师"
}
] | [
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] |
7135479#0 | 香港实行什么法律制度? | [
{
"docid": "214636#0",
"text": "香港法律制度以法治及司法獨立的精神为基础,沿自普通法體系。1997年主權移交後,以《香港基本法》作為特別行政區法律制度的憲制性文件。根據一國兩制的原則,香港的法律制度得以繼續原有的普通法體系,並由成文法作補充。因此,香港的法律制度與中國內地的法律制度,以至與澳門特別行政區的制度都截然不同。現時適用於香港的法律,以成文法形式的香港法例編彙通行。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#6",
"text": "1997年香港主權移交中華人民共和國之后,法律制度保持一國兩制。中華人民共和國憲法第31條規定了國家可以設立特別行政區。據此,香港現時的憲制性文件是香港特別行政區基本法。在香港實施的中華人民共和國法律包括憲法、全國人大常委會對基本法的解釋和相關決定,以及其他適用於香港的全國性法律。 而香港原有的普通法、衡平法及制定法等等法律基礎均繼續沿用。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#3",
"text": "根據 1844 年頒布的《最高法院條例》,英國法(包括普通法、判例法、衡平法及制定法等)均開始在香港適用,英國司法機構的設置及許可權的劃分、法官制度、律師制度等,也跟著引入香港,對本地的華人司法習慣等就未有所排除,予以尊重。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "214636#1",
"text": "香港特区目前實施的法律包括:《基本法》、《基本法》附件三載列的全國性法律、香港主權移交前的原有法律(包括普通法和衡平法)、香港立法機關制定的法律。與國防、外交及其他在香港特別行政區自治範圍以外的事務有關的中華人民共和國全國性法律,可以由香港特區公布或自行立法,在香港施行。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#8",
"text": "香港是唯一個以中英文制定法律的司法管轄區,可稱為「一法兩語」。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "391856#3",
"text": "馬道立認為普通法是香港乃以成功的關鍵,普通法制度在香港運作近180年,一直被認為是適合香港社會的法律制度,無論於金融、商業、整體社會上的每個人而言,普通法制度是確保香港得以持續成功的關鍵,而香港也是廣受認同的普通法適用地區。此外《基本法》一些條文都直接或間接地「都顯然只是與普通法制度有關」。",
"title": "馬道立"
},
{
"docid": "214636#24",
"text": "香港特區以「中國香港」的名義自行參加不以國家為成員單位的國際組織和國際會議,包括世界貿易組織、世界海關組織和亞太區經濟合作組織等。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#7",
"text": "而中華人民共和國全國性法律,關係國防、外交等不於香港特別行政區自治範圍內的,根據《香港基本法》附件三,適用於香港特區,由香港特区在当地颁布或实施。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#14",
"text": "香港司法機構是香港司法部門的統稱,負責香港的司法工作。為了維護司法獨立,司法制度保障司法人員在執行職責時不受政府的行政和立法機關影響。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
},
{
"docid": "214636#5",
"text": "而憲制性文件,就以英國皇室特權立法的英皇制诰和皇室训令為準。英皇制诰作出了關於總督、行政局、立法局和法官的規定。皇室训令則規範行政局和立法局運作方式。直至香港主權移交前,香港可以直接適用英國判例法;英國上議院與樞密院司法委員會的判例,以及其他普通法適用地區的判例,會尊重兼採納。",
"title": "香港法律制度"
}
] | [
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428529#0 | 地中海气候有哪些特点? | [
{
"docid": "1196598#19",
"text": "地中海气候的分布区域为:地中海盆地,南美洲的西部部分地区,西澳大利亚州和南澳大利亚州的部分地区,南非的西南部和智利中部的部分地区。该气候类型的特点是夏季炎热干燥,冬季寒冷潮湿。",
"title": "氣候"
},
{
"docid": "3348042#0",
"text": "在生物地理学上,地中海盆地(也被称为地中海地区或地中海)是指地中海周围的陆地区域,属地中海式气候,冬季温和多雨,夏季炎热干燥,有着颇具特色的地中海型森林、林地和灌木。作为一个,地中海盆地是旧大陆中长着橄榄树的地方。然而橄榄树也见于世界上其他为地中海气候的地区,同时,地中海周边许多不属于地中海气候的地区并没有橄榄树的存在。",
"title": "地中海盆地"
},
{
"docid": "116670#1",
"text": "地中海式氣候分布範圍占全球比例十分稀少,(降水和温度相反),迥異於其他類型氣候,也往往造成作物生長季無法與雨季配合,因此地中海農業區的作物種類往往為耐旱的蔬果,灌溉系統亦十分發達,為其一大特色。其气候特征是:夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨。",
"title": "地中海式气候"
},
{
"docid": "116670#2",
"text": "這些地區由西風帶和副熱帶高壓帶及信风带交替控制。冬季時,西風帶移至此氣候區內,西风从海洋上带来潮湿的气流,加上锋面气旋活动频繁,因此氣候溫和多雨。 夏季時,副熱帶高壓或信風移至此氣候區內,加上沿海涼流的作用,不易形成降水,因此氣候乾燥炎熱。地中海式氣候區由於陽光充足,經常成為觀光地区。地中海式气候区对应的植被类型为副热带常绿硬叶林,此类植物的特点为叶片一般较厚,叶表面有蜡质,以减少水分蒸腾,适应干燥气候。適合生產的農產品包括葡萄、橄欖、柑橘等,故世界上著名的葡萄酒产地多集中于此气候带。",
"title": "地中海式气候"
},
{
"docid": "19035#3",
"text": "地中海沿岸夏季炎热乾燥,冬季温暖濕潤,被稱作地中海性氣候。植被,叶质坚硬,叶面有蜡质,根系深,有适应夏季干热气候的耐旱特征,属亚热带常绿硬叶林。这里光热充足,是欧洲主要的亚热带水果产区,盛产柑橘、无花果,和葡萄等,还有木本油料作物油橄榄。",
"title": "地中海"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3348042#4",
"text": "地处非洲西北的马格里布地区,其北部为地中海气候,被阿特拉斯山脉和横跨北非的撒哈拉沙漠与其他区域分隔开。撒哈拉沙漠延伸到东地中海的南岸,仅利比亚的昔兰尼加半岛的北部边缘属于地中海气候。",
"title": "地中海盆地"
},
{
"docid": "116670#0",
"text": "地中海式气候,又稱作地中海气候 ()、副热带夏乾氣候 (),其分布於中緯度地區(約南北緯30至40度)的大陸西岸地區,包括地中海沿岸地區、黑海沿岸地區、美國的加利福尼亞州、澳洲西南部伯斯、南部阿德莱德一帶,南非共和國的西南部,以及智利中部等地區。",
"title": "地中海式气候"
},
{
"docid": "310761#3",
"text": "利古里亚海岸属于和暖的地中海气候,与北面几公里外的波河河谷的半-大陆性气候有很大对比;在一月份,热那亚的平均气温大约8-10°C,没有降霜,只是有时会在山脉的内部出现。夏天平均气温大约24-25°C。有时可能会有大量的降雨;山脉非常接近海岸,而制造了地形雨效应,所以热那亚可以一年有接近2000 mm雨量;其它地区反而是正常地中海的雨量(500-800 mm)。",
"title": "利古里亚大区"
},
{
"docid": "3348042#6",
"text": "中新世的结束末也标志着地中海盆地的气候变化。化石证据表明,中新世的地中海盆地夏季降雨,是相对湿润的亚热带气候,生长着常绿阔叶林。在3200-2800万年前的上新世期间,夏季降水减少,气候向地中海气候转变。亚热带常绿阔叶林带消退,但在大西洋中的马卡罗尼西亚上仍然存在;如今的地中海植被逐渐兴起,以针叶林、硬叶林和灌木为主,体积小,木质硬,叶表面有蜡质,在干燥的夏季可减少水分流失。由于数千年来人类的活动,这些森林和灌木林大部分已经面目全非,曾经树木繁茂的地方现在只有为数不多的区域相对完整。",
"title": "地中海盆地"
},
{
"docid": "3348042#3",
"text": "地中海盆地一直延伸到西亚,包括小亚细亚半岛的西部和南部,但土耳其中部属于温带气候的山区除外。它还包括在地中海的东端属于地中海气候的累范特地区,止于叙利亚沙漠和內蓋夫沙漠东部及南部。",
"title": "地中海盆地"
}
] | [
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5224308#0 | 菲律宾有哪些民族? | [
{
"docid": "2134#26",
"text": "据菲律宾人口委员会的测算,2014年7月27日零时6分10秒,菲律宾人口达到1亿,主要以講南島語系語言的民族所构成(95.5%),包括維薩亞人、他加禄人、、、比科尔人、伊巴丹人,另外有尼格利陀人、摩洛人、华人、印度人、阿拉伯人與西班牙裔等。",
"title": "菲律宾"
},
{
"docid": "689859#0",
"text": "菲律宾主要以講南島語系語言的民族所构成(95.5%),包括他加禄人、伊洛戈人、邦班牙人、米沙鄢人和比科尔人等。另外还有华人(1.5%)、印度人、阿拉伯人等。",
"title": "菲律賓人口"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1214036#0",
"text": "菲律宾人為擁有菲律賓共和國國籍者、菲律賓境內的民族、族群與擁有菲律賓血統者。在菲律宾國內约有92,000,000人 ,菲律宾境外則约有11,000,000人。“Filipino”一词得名于西班牙国王菲利普二世。大部分菲律宾人自称「Pinoy」(女性自称「Pinay」),这是一个俚语单词,由「Pilipino」的最后4个字母以及后缀\"-y\"组合而成。",
"title": "菲律宾人"
},
{
"docid": "1200947#0",
"text": "華裔菲律賓人(),簡称華菲,是指那些具有华人血统并出生及居住在菲律賓的菲律賓籍或雙重國籍居民,人数约有110万,多數使用閩台片閩南語。如果把华裔麦士蒂索人(混血族群)也计算在内,菲律宾有超过两成人具有华人血统。 華人在整個菲律賓都有分佈。據統計,目前在菲律賓人口的華人約有百萬,其中先祖來自中國福建閩南者(晉江市、漳州市、廈門市)十之八九,當中又以晉江為最。在所有菲律賓本地華人之中,不論其已否菲化(加入菲律賓國籍),百分之八、九十以上屬閩南裔;其餘約百分之十,以廣東籍為多,其它省籍為數無幾。閩南語(當地稱福建話或咱儂話 Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lán-lâng-ōe )是菲華社區的通行語。",
"title": "菲律宾华人"
},
{
"docid": "1214036#3",
"text": "约30000年前,矮黑人开始在菲律宾群岛定居。他们是今天阿埃塔人等民族的祖先。 2,000 年前,台湾原住民开始在菲律宾上定居。菲律宾的土著居民与其他亚洲人也有接触,如马来人,华人,印度人等。",
"title": "菲律宾人"
},
{
"docid": "2134#29",
"text": "根據人類學家所作的這項研究,遍處東南亞地區的華人,與當地族群通婚最多者,首推泰國,其次為菲律賓,在菲律賓民族中,華人血統約佔20%;過去由於漢學教育不發達,大部份具華人血統的,鮮有機會接受華文教育,也由於信奉天主教,結果同化成純粹的菲律賓人。其中只有四分之一含有中國血統的,因為接受華語教育而未徹底同化。",
"title": "菲律宾"
},
{
"docid": "1034#15",
"text": "菲律賓的民族亦十分多元,當中主要是他加祿人和比薩亞人。",
"title": "东南亚"
},
{
"docid": "1214036#9",
"text": "根據人類學家所作的這項研究,遍處東南亞地區的華人,與當地人種混血出生最多的,首推泰國,其次為菲律賓,在菲律賓民族中,華人血統約佔20%;以菲律賓現有九千五百萬人口來說,有華人血統的,应该超過一千五百萬人。過去由於漢學教育不發達,大部份具華人血統的,鮮有機會接受華文教育,也由於信奉天主教,結果同化成純粹的菲律賓人。其中只有四分之一含有中國血統的,因為接受華語教育而未徹底同化。",
"title": "菲律宾人"
},
{
"docid": "308867#0",
"text": "菲律宾和东帝汶是亚洲仅有的两个天主教国家,也是世界第三大天主教国家(前两名分别是巴西和墨西哥)。天主教徒占菲律宾人口的83%,占有绝对优势,从西班牙传入五百年来,天主教一直对菲律宾的政治和社会产生巨大影响。1986年总统马科斯和2001年埃斯特拉达被赶下台,以樞機辛海梅為首的菲律賓主教聯會(CBCP)都发挥了重要作用。全国城乡各处遍布大小教堂和售卖天主教用品的店铺。菲律宾有四座巴洛克风格的天主教堂已列为世界文化遗产,分别坐落在马尼拉、圣玛丽亚、帕瓦伊和米亚高。菲律宾还拥有世界上最长的圣诞季,从12月16日开始。",
"title": "菲律宾天主教"
},
{
"docid": "1200947#31",
"text": "根據人類學家所作的這項研究,遍處東南亞地區的華人,與當地人種混血出生最多的,首推泰國,其次為菲律賓,在菲律賓民族中,華人血統約佔20%;以菲律賓現有一億人口來說,有華人血統的,应该將近兩千萬人。過去由於漢學教育不發達,大部份具華人血統的,鮮有機會接受華文教育,也由於信奉天主教,結果被同化成純粹的菲律賓人。其中只有十分之一含有中國血統的,因為接受華語教育而未徹底同化。",
"title": "菲律宾华人"
}
] | [
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7364238#0 | 卢浮宫收藏了哪些作品? | [
{
"docid": "7793328#6",
"text": "在法国博物馆中,雕塑和绘画是主要藏品,一些博物馆只收集雕塑和绘画作品。国有的卢浮宫博物馆收藏了大量18世纪前的艺术杰作,例如达芬奇的名作《蒙娜·丽莎》。1986年于旧火车站落成的奥尔赛博物馆收藏有来自19世纪下半叶的艺术作品(主要是印象派和野兽派画作)。现代艺术作品则多收藏于蓬皮杜中心的法国国立现代艺术美术馆。此三家国有博物馆平均每年招待近1700万人。巴黎大皇宫美术馆也是国有博物馆,于2008年共招待有130万人。市立博物馆中,游览人数最多的是巴黎现代艺术博物馆,主要收藏当代作品,2008年招待有80万人。在巴黎之外,全部大城市都拥有一座收藏法国及欧洲画作的美术博物馆。这其中最为著名的有里昂美术馆、里尔美术宫、鲁昂美术馆、第戎美术馆、雷恩美术馆和格勒诺布尔美术馆。",
"title": "法国美术"
},
{
"docid": "6873385#15",
"text": "2009年5月,阿布扎比卢浮宫首次通过展览“会说话的艺术:阿布扎比卢浮宫”与公众分享其收藏。展览展示了展馆最初的19件藏品,包括14世纪的《馬木路克古蘭經》、5世纪来自多马尼亚诺的《腓骨》、贝里尼的《圣母与圣婴》,以及蒙德里安1922年的《蓝红黄黑构图》。",
"title": "阿布達比羅浮宮"
},
{
"docid": "7336963#31",
"text": "1794年,在法国革命军占领南荷兰掠夺贵族财产期间,卢浮宫收藏了这幅画以及许多其他尼德兰和佛拉芒绘画作品,包括凡·艾克的《根特祭坛画》中画板的中心部分,汉斯·梅姆林的《莫雷尔·三联画》和杰拉德·大卫的《坎比西斯的审判》。包括《圣母圣子和范德帕勒》在内的许多作品于1816年被送回布鲁日。专家组在归化画板的过程中卷入了布鲁日的法语和荷兰语官员之间在控制权和所有权上的争论中,但它最后被委托给了布鲁日的弗拉芒学院。1855年,它起初在博加尔德学校博物馆展出,属于市政收藏品,直到1930年成为格罗宁明博物馆的收藏品。",
"title": "圣母和圣婴与教士范德帕勒"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "21589#26",
"text": "圖片 室內 羅浮宮目前擁有約615,797 件藏品,其中 482,943 件自2021 年 3 月 24 日起能夠透過網路平台 collections.louvre.fr所遊覽,—佔其總館藏的 75%,至於館內八個文物部門中,則展示了 35,000 件藝術品。",
"title": "卢浮宫"
},
{
"docid": "21589#30",
"text": "2018 年 3 月,根據伊朗和法國總統於 2016 年達成的協議,羅浮宮數十件屬於古埃及、羅馬和美索不達米亞等文物展覽在德黑蘭向遊客開放參觀。",
"title": "卢浮宫"
},
{
"docid": "161438#17",
"text": "由于存在大量关于杜伊勒里宫内部房间结构、陈设、布置的图片资料,重建工作面临的技术困难非常小。同时宫中原始的家具、油画和其他陈设物品也保存完好。这些物品在1870年普法战争开始后不久就从宫中运出,以防遭受战争破坏,如今仍堆放在卢浮宫的地下库房之中。",
"title": "杜伊勒里宫"
},
{
"docid": "3914165#0",
"text": "卢浮宫金字塔()位于巴黎卢浮宫的主庭院拿破仑庭院(\"Cour Napoléon\"),是一个用玻璃和金属建造的巨大金字塔,周围环绕着三个较小的金字塔。大金字塔作为卢浮宫博物馆的主入口,由美籍華人建築師貝聿銘設計,于1989年建成,已成为巴黎的城市地标。",
"title": "卢浮宫金字塔"
},
{
"docid": "6873385#17",
"text": "2014年5月,一个以阿布扎比展出的作品和巴黎卢浮宫的一系列新藏品为特色的博物馆展览诞生了。展馆展出了许多新作品,包括日本艺术家志永一雄(Kazuo Shiraga)于1960年创作的《Chirisei Kyubiki》等。",
"title": "阿布達比羅浮宮"
},
{
"docid": "21589#12",
"text": "1793 年 8 月 10 日,即君主制滅亡一周年,羅浮宮正式命名为“中央艺术博物馆”開放。公眾每周可以免費進入三天,這在當時被認為是一項重大成就,並受到普遍讚賞,當時博物館展示了 537 幅畫作和 184 件藝術品。四分之三來自皇室收藏,其餘來自教堂、贵族和地方政府等处没收来的艺术品。同時為了擴大和組織收藏,共和國每年投入約100,000里弗維持博物館的經營,並在1794年開始開始從北歐和歐洲等地帶來作品,在法國大革命戰爭期間與教宗簽署的《托倫蒂諾條約》(1797 年)之後,來自梵蒂岡的作品,如勞孔群像和观景殿的阿波罗也曾在盧浮宮展出。.",
"title": "卢浮宫"
},
{
"docid": "21589#1",
"text": "羅浮宮的建築物始建於1190年左右,並在近代曾多次進行擴建,今天所見的模樣則一個巨大的翼樓和亭閣建築群,主要組成部分的總面積則超過 60,600 平方公尺(652,000 平方英尺),館內永久收藏則包括雕塑、绘画、美术工艺及古代东方、古代埃及和古希腊罗马等7个分类,主要收藏1860年以前的艺术作品与考古文物,羅浮宮博物館在1793年8月10日開幕起正式對公眾開放,平均每天有 15,000 名遊客到此參觀,其中 65% 是外國遊客。",
"title": "卢浮宫"
}
] | [
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] |
794702#0 | 香港迪士尼有哪些景点? | [
{
"docid": "40926#1",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園為第五座與亞洲第二座以神奇王國為主題的迪士尼樂園,開園之初僅有28公頃,但經過第一輪和第二轮擴建計劃後,現面積已達35公頃;目前香港迪士尼正在進行第三輪擴建中。香港迪士尼是世界上以神奇王國為主題的迪士尼樂園中,最小的迪士尼乐园,目前共由七個園區所組成。香港迪士尼乐园擁有世界上所有迪士尼樂園中最大的「探險世界」園區,兩個全球獨有園區「灰熊山谷」和「迷離莊園」,以及全球最大的3D無縫銀幕來表演「米奇幻想曲」。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "164691#1",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園度假區總面積為126公頃,是世界上最小的迪士尼度假区,而且相較其他迪士尼度假區,香港的度假區並沒有填滿整個可用土地、有非常多的預留地。香港迪士尼度假區的第一期包括香港迪士尼樂園、3家酒店、迪欣湖活動中心和零售、餐飲及娛樂設施等,共126公頃。另外,香港政府在度假區現已擁有的126公頃東側一直預留着一块60公頃的填海土地,供度假區發展第二期之用。而且香港政府再給予華特迪士尼公司優先購買周邊的海洋的使用權,迪士尼公司可以在這個範圍內自由填海造陸、並且作為度假區第三期興建之用,全部完成後共佔地300公頃。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園度假區"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "723974#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園(英文:Hong Kong Disneyland)位於香港新界大嶼山的香港迪士尼樂園度假區,以下是香港迪士尼樂園內的服務設施。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園服務設施"
},
{
"docid": "723981#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園(英語:Hong Kong Disneyland)位於香港新界大嶼山竹篙灣的香港迪士尼樂園度假區,佔地約40多公傾。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園節慶活動"
},
{
"docid": "718720#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園(英語:Hong Kong Disneyland)位於香港新界大嶼山的香港迪士尼樂園度假區。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園遊樂設施"
},
{
"docid": "40926#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園()是一座位於新界大嶼山的迪士尼樂園,其坐落於香港東南部大嶼山的竹篙灣,是香港迪士尼樂園度假區的最主要组成部的分。香港迪士尼樂園由香港國際主題樂園有限公司建設及營運、由香港迪士尼樂園管理有限公司管理。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "723688#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園(英語:Hong Kong Disneyland)位於香港新界大嶼山的香港迪士尼樂園度假區。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園娛樂節目"
},
{
"docid": "164691#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園度假區()是一座位於香港新界大嶼山東北部之竹篙灣,由香港國際主題公園有限公司建設、管理及營運,由華特迪士尼幻想工程設計的大型度假區。香港迪士尼樂園度假區是世界上第5個迪士尼度假區,為亞洲第二座、大中華區第一座迪士尼度假區。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園度假區"
},
{
"docid": "310480#0",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園酒店(英語:Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel)位於中華人民共和國香港特別行政區大嶼山香港迪士尼樂園度假區內,屬五星級酒店。於2005年9月12日隨香港迪士尼樂園開幕。以迪士尼浪漫夢幻為主題,其設計採用維多利亞時代的建築設計,在香港較為罕見。因著酒店的紅色屋頂設計於本地少見,不少的士司機稱酒店為紅屋,更成為行內術語。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園酒店"
},
{
"docid": "178254#0",
"text": "迪士尼站()是一個位於香港新界荃灣區大嶼山竹篙灣香港迪士尼樂園度假區,屬於港鐵迪士尼綫的鐵路車站,於2005年8月1日配合迪士尼綫通車而啟用,車站由建築師事務所Aedas設計。雖然迪士尼站座落大嶼山,但在香港十八區區域劃分上迪士尼站所在地為荃灣區,而不是離島區。",
"title": "迪士尼站 (香港)"
}
] | [
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69794#0 | 日本有哪些角色扮演游戏? | [
{
"docid": "7554557#2",
"text": "日本首款角色扮演游戏是《地底探险》,1982年3月由光荣公司发行。次月,波丽佳音发行了《虎膽妙算》改编的《间谍大作战》;该作未采用经典的奇幻舞台,而是使用了现代的间谍设定。同年12月,光荣在PC-8801上推出了游戏 《龙与公主》;游戏情节是接受国王征招、将公主从龙的魔掌中救出。游戏分为冒险和战斗两部分。冒险部分如同多数文字冒险游戏,以纯文字方式展开。途中,玩家会将随机遇敌,转入战斗部分。战斗在独立的俯视地图中展开,模式回合制策略。1982年《巫术》和《创世纪》尚未登陆日本,上述实验性游戏可谓“日式角色扮演游戏的雏形”。",
"title": "东亚电子角色扮演游戏史"
},
{
"docid": "2162#9",
"text": "1985年,日本的艾尼克斯公司為任天堂公司的紅白機平台開發遊戲。參考《龙与地下城》及《創世紀》等遊戲,並融入東方思想及日本動漫要素後,開發出了被稱為日本國民遊戲的《勇者鬥惡龍》。該系列是電視平台角色扮演遊戲的指標。而史克威爾公司的《Final Fantasy系列》亦是日本的代表角色扮演遊戲。",
"title": "角色扮演游戏"
},
{
"docid": "1486655#3",
"text": "第三世代见证了许多角色扮演游戏的诞生。日本的游戏审查制度和对出口北美游戏的本地化措施也让角色扮演游戏传到了美国及其他地区。在这一世代中,有很多经典的电子游戏推出了其初代版本,例如《超级马里奥兄弟》、《最终幻想》、《塞尔达传说》、《勇者斗恶龙》、《银河战士》、《洛克人》、《合金装备》、《恶魔城》、《梦幻之星》和《炸弹人》。",
"title": "第三世代遊戲機"
},
{
"docid": "359482#28",
"text": "虽然传说系列在英文区一直难受瞩目,但在日本被视为最庞大的角色扮演游戏系列之一。1UP.com的杰里米·帕里什在2001年称,传说系列在日本仅次于最终幻想和勇者斗恶龙,是第三大RPG系列。Gamasutra布兰登·谢菲尔德同样称,“虽然系列没有最终幻想在西方或勇者斗恶龙在日本那样的文化蕴藏,但仍然是全球非常流行的品牌”。IGN的Anoop Gantayat称就销量而言,传说是第三大日式角色扮演游戏系列。系列《宿命传说》和《遗迹传说》等作品可以和街头霸王等格斗或乱斗游戏比肩。GameTrailers专门以《圣恩传说》为例,称線性動作戰鬥系統是五大顶尖JRPG战斗系统之一。故事和角色多获西方褒贬两极的评价:《遗迹传说》、《深渊传说》和《无尽传说》的评价从褒贬不一到积极,《仙乐传说》和《圣恩传说》等则蒙受批评。对这些游戏和《遗迹传说》的批评是故事可以猜到或老生常谈。系列几部游戏的图形也获得分化的评价,如《宿命传说》、《永恒传说》、《圣恩传说》和《无尽传说》。",
"title": "傳奇系列"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7554557#1",
"text": "西方世界眼中,自红白机统治世界以来,日本电子游戏界长期由游戏机游戏主导。但实际上,自1970年代末期至1990年代中期止,日本市场诞生了数以千计的商业电脑游戏,以及众多“同人游戏”(或独立游戏)。日本早期电脑业极其零碎,如《淘金者》为适配不同硬件平台,改版多达34种。最终日本电气(NEC)的PC-8801和PC-9801成为主流;其他主要电脑有夏普的X1和X68000,富士通的FM-7和FM Towns,以及ASCII的MSX和MSX2。当时日本电脑为显示汉字,屏幕分辨率较当时西方电脑更高;这一特色亦影响了游戏设计。1980年代起,日本电脑搭载雅马哈的调频合成(FM合成)声卡后,作曲家得以创作更优质的游戏音乐(代表者有日本Falcom作曲家古代祐三)。因硬件差异较大,日本电脑游戏鲜有推出美版;少数移植作品或登陆游戏机(如NES和Genesis), 部分登陆美国电脑系统(如MS-DOS)。1990年代勇者斗恶龙、最终幻想等游戏机作品成为主流,确立了日式角色扮演游戏的公式;而于此之前的1980年代,电脑平台涌现了许多创意性、试验性角色扮演作品。早期日式角色扮演游戏受视觉小说式冒险游戏的影响;艾尼克斯、史克威尔、日本Falcom、光荣等公司涉足角色扮演游戏前,均为冒险游戏开发商。当时日本亦受美国角色扮演游戏冲击,例如巫术系列(ASCII娱乐翻译)在日本的人气和影响力不小,甚至胜过产地美国。",
"title": "东亚电子角色扮演游戏史"
},
{
"docid": "517133#59",
"text": "电子游戏,亦叫电玩,是动漫的延伸。有别于美国游戏着重操作感,日本游戏更着重游戏细节的表现,小游戏简单易玩,大游戏掺杂极多的小游戏以增加娱乐性,当然也有同时具有日美元素的作品。日本游戏机生产商占了三大游戏机商的两个,包括索尼(SONY)、任天堂,也有已经退出的世嘉(SEGA)。",
"title": "日本文化"
},
{
"docid": "167459#42",
"text": "日本游戏机生产商占了三大游戏机商的两个,包括索尼(SONY)、任天堂,也有已经退出的世嘉(SEGA)。当中索尼的PSP、PS3,以及任天堂的NDS和Wii等遊戲機更是風靡全球。",
"title": "日本流行文化"
},
{
"docid": "1095590#31",
"text": "日本电子游戏产业与欧美的显著不同。通常比起西方来说,日本游戏在其娱乐业有更大的市场占有率。日本创造了一些有史以来最庞大的和最昂贵的游戏系列,如《莎木》、最終幻想系列和合金装备系列。",
"title": "电子游戏产业"
},
{
"docid": "10826#8",
"text": "電玩在日本多以休閒目的為主,競技型遊戲並非主流。唯獨街机游戏竞赛屡见不鲜,格斗游戏亦在日本風行。",
"title": "电子竞技"
},
{
"docid": "6499530#51",
"text": "新的千禧年出现了一些独立发行的PC角色扮演游戏,以及西欧和更远的东欧开发的一些电-{}-脑角色扮演游戏,这使得一些人称近年来东欧成为角色扮演游戏发展的温床。独立制作的角色扮演游戏的例子包括Spiderweb Software的Geneforge系列(2001–2009)和Avernum系列(2000–2010)、Zero Sum Software的《Pyrrhic Tales: Prelude to Darkness》(2002)、Basilisk Games的《阿斯卡隆:第一章》(Eschalon: Book I,2007)和《阿斯卡隆:第二章》(Eschalon: Book II,2010)、Soldak Entertainment的《Depths of Peril》(2007)和《丁神的诅咒》(2010)、《圣杯骑士》(Knights of the Chalice,2009)。东欧和中欧角色扮演游戏的例子有比利时开发商的神界系列,开始于《神界》(2002);俄罗斯开发商的战术角色扮演游戏系列,开始于《》(2003);德国开发商的动作角色扮演游戏系列圣域,开始于《圣域》(2004);波兰开发商CD Projekt Red的巫师系列,开始于《巫师》(2007);波兰开发商的《》(2007)和《》(2010)。混合角色扮演游戏包括俄罗斯开发商Elemental Games的多类型游戏《》(2002)和《》(2004),乌克兰开发商的混合角色扮演和第一人称射击元素的《浩劫殺陣:車諾比之影》(2007)和土耳其开发商TaleWorlds的混合角色扮演和中世纪作战模拟器的游戏系列,始于《騎馬與砍殺》(2008)。",
"title": "西方电子角色扮演游戏史"
}
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1831050#0 | 意大利国旗有哪几种颜色? | [
{
"docid": "114052#14",
"text": "在207年之后的2003年3月,意大利政府首次为其国旗的三种颜色制定了标准,后于2006年再次修改。意政府规定,意国旗所采用的三种标准色分别为蕨绿、亮白和大红,其彩通颜色标准如下:一直以来,意大利人对国旗上的三种颜色都没有一个准确说法,可以说是仅仅靠视觉来决定。由于当今世界上有近十个国家的国旗是绿、白、红三色旗,彼此间差别很小,而同属欧洲的爱尔兰国旗又与意大利国旗极为相似,所以非常容易被人误解。因此,意大利政府不得不颁布了国旗色彩的确切标准。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#0",
"text": "意大利国旗,也叫「三色旗」,旗面由三个平行相等的竖长方形相连构成,从左至右依次为绿、白、红三色,和国歌《意大利人之歌》(\"Il canto degli italiani\")一起成为意大利的象征。意大利原来国旗的颜色与法國國旗相同,1796年才把藍色改为绿色。据记载,1796年拿破仑的意大利军团在征战中曾使用由拿破仑本人设计的绿、白、红三色旗。与其相似的旗帜还有绿、白、橙三色爱尔兰国旗,和排列方向相反的橙、白、绿三色科特迪瓦国旗,以及一模一样,但中间包含國徽的墨西哥国旗。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#12",
"text": "现在的意大利国旗形式是由于意大利宪法的通过所确定,并在1948年1月1日被采用的。宪法规定:“意大利共和国的三色旗是由绿色,白色和红色三条垂直相同尺寸的条纹组成”。其长宽比2:3,而在此之前的战时旗帜是方形的。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#1",
"text": "如同其他旗子一样,这面旗子采用了源自1789年法国革命时的旗帜。1796年,由拿破仑率领的意大利军团在征战中曾使用由拿破仑亲手设计的绿、白、红三色旗。当时的意大利新共和国——坦斯帕達納共和國也采用了相似的旗帜。或许,它的颜色来源自隆巴德军团(Legione Lombarda)的旗帜: 它包含米兰市的颜色——红色和白色,以及米兰国卫队制服颜色——绿色。相同的颜色也被由来自艾米利亚(Emilia)和罗马涅(Romagna)士兵组成的意大利军团(Legione Italiana)采用了。 1797年1月7日,第一面意大利三色旗在雷焦艾米利亚(Reggio Emilia)诞生,并被采用为奇斯帕达纳共和国的官方旗帜。它呈水平方向排列,从上至下依次为红色,白色和绿色。旗帜中央处有一徽章,它由一支箭筒和一个授予骑士爵位的战争奖座组成,箭筒中的四支箭象征了组成共和国的四个省。整个徽章被绿色的橄榄枝环绕。 1798年,奇斯帕达纳共和国和坦斯帕达纳共和国合并成立奇薩爾皮尼共和國,采用了一面正方形垂直条纹,但中间没有徽章的意大利三色旗。该旗帜一直使用到1802年,共和国被拿破仑改为意大利共和国,并自任总统。同年,一面新的正方形旗子被采用,红色旗面的中央区域是一个中间带绿色正方形的白色菱形。 在1799年,卢卡共和国(Repubblica di Lucca)受法国的影响,先后两次采用了「绿色─白色-红色」水平排列的三色旗,直到1805年。 拿破仑称帝之后的1805年,意大利共和国变成意大利王国,拿破仑任国王。王国的国旗形状由原来共和国时期的正方形改为长方形,在中央的白色正方形上镶有拿破仑之鹰。这面旗帜使用到1814年拿破仑退位。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#10",
"text": "在1861年4月15日,意大利王国国王维多利奥埃互努莱二世(原撒丁王国国王)再度统一意大利时,宣布将皮德蒙特—萨丁尼亚(Piedmont-Sardinia)时期的国旗作为新成立的意大利王国的国旗。旗面为绿、白、红竖条三色旗,在旗的左上角加上萨伏依王朝的徽章红盾白十字,后来又把红盾白十字徽章放到中间的白色条纹里。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#7",
"text": "在同年中,威尼斯的人民厌恶奥地利帝国政府的统治,发动革命,宣布成立圣马可共和国。采用了与意大利独立和统一所付出的努力有联系的旗帜,在三色旗左边绿色条纹的上方绿/白/红三色相间的区域,绘有以白色长方形为底的金色圣·马克狮子(St. Mark's lion)。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "114052#8",
"text": "1849年,罗马共和国将白色条纹中绘有黑色双「R」的意大利三色旗作为战旗。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#9",
"text": "在1860年6月21日,新的国旗版本被兩西西里王國采用。三色旗中间的白色条纹印有王室徽章。后于1861年3月合并入意大利王国时停止使用。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#13",
"text": "意大利海军旗使用白色条纹中间带有王冠和\"海军\"徽章的旗帜,商船则使用没有王冠的另外一种版本。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
},
{
"docid": "114052#5",
"text": "同年,托斯卡纳大公国修改宪法,废除带有奥地利—洛林大徽章的奥地利旗帜,改用带有简单国徽图案的意大利三色旗。",
"title": "意大利国旗"
}
] | [
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4006608#0 | 苏联有哪些军事活动? | [
{
"docid": "2888193#1",
"text": "1946年,苏联红军和苏联红海军一起改组为苏联武装力量。冷战时期,苏联的军事力量除了苏联武装力量之外,还有内务部的内卫部队、克格勃的边防部队。第二次世界大战结束之后,苏联成为与美国并驾齐驱的超级大国,苏联的军事力量有着数量庞大的常规武器和核武器。苏联的军事力量在冷战时期参与过朝鲜战争、中苏边界冲突、阿富汗战争、越南战争、阿拉伯-以色列冲突,并参与干预1956年的匈牙利十月事件和1968年的捷克斯洛伐克布拉格之春。",
"title": "苏联军事史"
},
{
"docid": "113863#17",
"text": "苏联军队在二战后直接或间接地参加了朝鲜战争、匈牙利事件、布拉格之春、中苏边界冲突、越南战争和阿富汗战争等。",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "113863#1",
"text": "根据1925年的全联盟兵役法,苏联军事力量分为地面部队、空军部队、苏联海军、国家政治保卫局和内卫部队5大部分,其中地面部队和空军部队统称苏联工农红军。国家政治保卫局在1934年归属内务人民委员部。二战结束后苏联进行军事改组,由陆军和空军部队组成的苏联工农红军和苏联海军合并成为苏联武装力量。国土防空军、战略火箭军和全联盟国家民事防御部队先后在1948、1960和1970年成立并归属苏联武装力量。在顶峰时期,苏联武装力量共下辖6个兵种,按照苏联官方对其重要性的排序分别为战略火箭军、陆军、国土防空军、空军、海军和民防部队。除了受国防委员会指挥的苏联武装力量外,广义上的苏联军事力量还包括受克格勃指挥的边防军和受内务部指挥的内卫部队。",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
},
{
"docid": "2888193#2",
"text": "1991年苏联解体时,苏联的军事力量被各个加盟共和国瓜分,由於蘇聯時期各加盟國就已有各國自己的軍隊,因此一些重要裝備(如核武)的轉移是透過必須外交談判才能完成。俄罗斯分得的数量最多。",
"title": "苏联军事史"
},
{
"docid": "1117768#1",
"text": "国防委员会决议具有战时法律效力,各级国家机关、军事、经济、工会机关都必须无条件地执行它的一切决议和命令。它向最高统帅部及整个苏联武装力量下达军事政治任务,负责完善军队体制,配备领导干部,确定战争中使用的军队的总性质。它依靠人民委员会、城防委员会、党政机关、国防委员会在各地的全权代表开展活动。它通过最高统帅部大本营对武装斗争实施战略领导。",
"title": "苏联国防委员会"
},
{
"docid": "113863#10",
"text": "苏联是华沙条约组织的创始国,1988年,苏在德意志民主共和国驻军约38万人,波兰约4万、捷克斯洛伐克8万、匈牙利6.5万。苏联另在1987年前在阿富汗有兵力11.8万,在蒙古有6.5万。在越南、古巴及其他一些亚非拉国家也驻有军队或军事顾问和技术人员。",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
},
{
"docid": "7653810#0",
"text": "国民自卫军()是苏联的执法机构。“”可以指为保护企业和运输通讯免受非法侵占和火灾、维持群众活动秩序、预防和制止相关领土内的违法行为而创建的准军事组织,也即是民兵。",
"title": "苏联民警"
},
{
"docid": "113863#4",
"text": "苏联陆军军区为:1988年时,苏联海军人数为45.1万,分为4个舰队和一个区舰队。装备弹道导弹潜艇79艘,巡航导弹潜艇和攻击潜艇268艘,主要水面作战舰只193艘,小型水面作战舰只797艘,登陆舰艇187艘,主要辅助船只269艘。 5个舰队分别为:",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
},
{
"docid": "3355153#0",
"text": "蘇聯边防軍()是蘇聯担任边防的武裝力量。受苏联的国家安全部门的领导、管理、指挥,先后隶属于全俄肃清反革命及怠工非常委员会、国家政治保卫总局、内务部,从1954年起隶属于苏联部长会议国家安全委员会。因此,相应地称这支部队为“内务部边防军”()、“国家安全委员会边防军”()。苏联边防军也包括海防部队。",
"title": "苏联边防军"
},
{
"docid": "113863#3",
"text": "苏联武装力量的最高领导是苏共中央、最高苏维埃和部长会议。国防会议于1974年成立,是平时的最高国防决策机构,战时是军事最高领导机关,国防会议主席由苏共中央总书记担任。国防部是武装力量的中央领导机关,总参谋部是主要指挥机关,总政治部是武装力量中党的领导机关。实行普遍义务兵役制,海军服役3年,其他军兵种2年1988年时,苏联陆军人数399万,分为16个军区。编为51个坦克师、142个摩托化步兵师、7个空降师、约10个空中突击旅和16个方面军炮兵师,装备主战坦克8.3万辆、装甲战斗车辆15.3万辆、火炮2.9万门、地对地导弹发射架约1570部。",
"title": "苏联武装力量"
}
] | [
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387668#0 | 项目经理的职责是什么? | [
{
"docid": "67125#2",
"text": "项目经理的主要职责是识别直接影响成功机率的风险,这种风险应该在項目的整个生命周期中进行正式或非正式的测量。",
"title": "项目经理"
},
{
"docid": "67125#4",
"text": "项目经理是一个负责做或大或小的决定的人,以能够使风险被控制,不确定性被最小化的方法。项目经理出的每一个决定都应该以该决定能够直接使-{zh-hans:項目;zh-hant:專案}-收益的方式做出。",
"title": "项目经理"
},
{
"docid": "67125#1",
"text": "项目经理必须要有一系列的技能包括提出敏锐问题的能力,察觉未声明的假设以及解决人与人之间的冲突,同时还需要更多的系统化的管理技能。",
"title": "项目经理"
},
{
"docid": "35154#11",
"text": "项目经理会总结制作在该行业进行项目管理的可重复模板,以此明晰透彻,减少重复性工作,具有提高质量,降低成本和缩短时间的效果。",
"title": "项目管理"
},
{
"docid": "67125#3",
"text": "风险主要从不确定中产生,成功的项目经理是关注风险作为主要的关心的事。所有影响-{zh-hans:項目;zh-hant:專案}-的问题总是以这种方式或那种方式从风险上产生。一个好的项目经理可以显著地减少风险,通常通过坚持开放的沟通的政策,以保证每一个重要的参与者都有机会表达自己的意见和关心的事。",
"title": "项目经理"
},
{
"docid": "67125#0",
"text": "项目经理(,縮寫:PM, PjM)或稱專案經理,是指为-{zh-hans:项目;zh-hant:專案}-的成功策划和执行负总责的人。",
"title": "项目经理"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "35154#1",
"text": "项目管理的目的是产生一个符合客户目标的完整项目,在许多情景下也可以通过塑造或改变客户的想法,更切实地实现客户的目标。一旦明确了客户的目标,就应该让目标指导参与项目的其他人员——例如项目经理、设计师、承包商和分包商等——做出的所有决策。定义不清或规定过严的项目管理目标不利于良好决策。",
"title": "项目管理"
},
{
"docid": "67125#6",
"text": "在中國大陸,「信息系统项目管理师」是国家软考高级科目,通过即具备高级工程师资格。",
"title": "项目经理"
},
{
"docid": "940121#10",
"text": "3.项目在分解授权的同时,也必须是分层管理――公司管理层(看项目结果:输入、输出)、项目管理委员会(要点控制:授权项目负责人、项目是否值得、计划是否合理、下阶段是否进行、项目是否完成、项目目标是否达到)、项目经理(日常管理:项目上所有管理的事)、分包合同或工作包小组经理(具体操作:按分包合同或工作包目标具体操作。)。 同时,项目的各项计划也是分层进行编制、上报、审核、检查、评审的管理。项目的各职能计划也发展到向三维方向分解――产品分解PBS(做什么?,合同包或工作包计划)、项目过程分解WBS(如何作?,阶段或时间滚动计划)、项目职能目标分解DBS(为什么?,各专项计划例如风险计划、配置计划、进度计划、质量检查计划、资源配置计划、资金预算计划、成本统计……)。",
"title": "PRINCE2"
},
{
"docid": "67125#5",
"text": "在过去,施工的項目經理是从施工或相关岗位上提拔到項目管理岗位的。这会导致其中的专业人员难以获取知识。施工行业同时缺少任何程度的标准化。美国的專案管理學會通过创造项目管理专门人员(PMP: Project Management Professional)名称,在成为标准化团体方面取得了进展。",
"title": "项目经理"
}
] | [
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403243#0 | 越南国防部部长是谁? | [
{
"docid": "5755717#2",
"text": "2021年2月19日,国务委员、公安部部长赵克志在河内会见越南国防部部长吴春历,共同签署了双方关于建立边境管理和口岸边防检查三级执法合作机制的协议。中国驻越南大使熊波,国务院副秘书长孟扬,公安部副部长、国家移民管理局局长许甘露,外交部大使谢杭生参加会见。",
"title": "孟扬"
},
{
"docid": "1835774#3",
"text": "2021年2月19日,国务委员、公安部部长赵克志在河内会见越南国防部部长吴春历,共同签署了双方关于建立边境管理和口岸边防检查三级执法合作机制的协议。中国驻越南大使熊波,国务院副秘书长孟扬,公安部副部长、国家移民管理局局长许甘露,外交部大使谢杭生参加会见。",
"title": "谢杭生"
},
{
"docid": "6706524#2",
"text": "2021年2月19日,国务委员、公安部部长赵克志在河内会见越南国防部部长吴春历,共同签署了双方关于建立边境管理和口岸边防检查三级执法合作机制的协议。中国驻越南大使熊波,国务院副秘书长孟扬,公安部副部长、国家移民管理局局长许甘露,外交部大使谢杭生参加会见。",
"title": "熊波"
},
{
"docid": "5442700#0",
"text": "這個頁面列出了現在越南國防部的部長以及統一前北越的國防部長和越南南方共和國的國防部長,現任者是吳春歷大將。",
"title": "越南社會主義共和國國防部長列表"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "792168#4",
"text": "2001年5月至2006年8月,接替调任人民军政治总局主任的黎文勇中将出任越南人民军总参谋长、越南国防部副部长。2006年接替年届退休的-{范}-文茶大将出任越共中央军事党委副书记兼越南国防部长。",
"title": "冯光青"
},
{
"docid": "3573014#1",
"text": "根据1992年越南宪法,国防部是越南人民军及其它准军事力量的最高指挥机构。最高指挥机关由国防部办公厅及总参谋部(')、(')及其他总部单位组成。总参谋部负责实施军事指挥,总参谋长也是国防部常务副部长。总政治局负责军队政治工作与党务工作,还包括军事审判、军事检察、军队律师等工作。国防部还下辖(也译作技术总局 ')、总后勤局(也译作后勤总局')、(')、国防情报总局。隶属于国防部的还有海警局(')、救护救难局(')、外事局(')。国防部办公厅()同时作为越共中央军委的办事机关。",
"title": "越南国防部"
},
{
"docid": "1367577#3",
"text": "1995年升格为总局,直接隸屬於國防部,与总参、总政治局、总后勤局、总技术局等平级。直接對越南共產黨及越南國家主席負責。 現任總局長為劉德揮(Lưu Đức Huy)中将。前任总局长阮志咏(现为上将,国防部副部长)。现任总局政委杨春荣中将。现任副局长: 现任副政委Trần Việt Thắng少将。 總局的監察範圍涵蓋政治、國防、安全、外交、經濟、社會、科學、環境及文化等各方面,承擔對外及對內的情報工作。過去亦曾在越南佔領柬甫寨其間扮演積極角色。",
"title": "越南国防部国防情报总局"
},
{
"docid": "3573014#0",
"text": "国防部()是越南政府的部,负责管理、领导及指挥越南军事事务与国防工业。",
"title": "越南国防部"
},
{
"docid": "6122087#8",
"text": "2016年4月12日,被任命为越南国防部副防长。",
"title": "潘文江"
},
{
"docid": "3831327#3",
"text": "1968年6月、1974年11月和1977年6月曾3次访问中国。1978年升任越南国防部副部长兼总参谋长。1979年任侵柬越军总指挥,同时参与了中越边界军事冲突的作战指挥。1980年2月晋升为上将,1981年4月当选为越南第七届国会代表。1982年3月越共五大当选为中央委员,中央军委常委。1984年12月21日第七届国会会议发布596号决议,晋升其为大将。1986年本内定由其任国防部长,但他在大会10日前的12月5日因心脏病发作去世而未果。",
"title": "黎仲迅"
}
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3536692#0 | 河南省简称是什么? | [
{
"docid": "427#0",
"text": "河南省,简称“豫”,位于中国中部,华中地区偏北,是中华人民共和国一级行政区。河南省承东启西,古称“天地之中”,被视为中国之处、天下之枢。因其大部分土地位于黄河中下游以南地区,故名“河南”。河南省省会是郑州市,位于河南省中部偏北。",
"title": "河南省"
},
{
"docid": "6696889#4",
"text": "明清时期的文献中常有以一字加“省”的二字简称来指代各省的情况,如河南被称为“豫省”,福建被称为“閩省”,但山东在此类语境中被提及时,并不被称为“齐省”或“鲁省”,而是被直接称为“山东”,或简称为“东省”。如《硃批諭㫖》中有“豫省之祥符縣,山東之曹州曹縣,與直隷之東明縣、長垣縣交界之處,中界黄河,地方遼闊,抑且犬牙相錯,難以歸併一處管轄”就以“山东”与“豫省”并称;“以理豫省之心兼理東省,可也”,“臣愚以為,督撫奏請歸公之項,如豫省鹽商節禮、東省泰山香規等項,方可奏請歸公以充公用,盖以其非取之於民也”等句则将山东省简称为“东省”。",
"title": "山东的名称"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7052646#0",
"text": "河南省人民代表大会常务委员会(简称河南省人大常委会)是河南省人民代表大会的常设机关,对河南省人民代表大会负责并报告工作。常务委员会由主任、副主任若干人,秘书长、委员若干人组成。这些组成人员由河南省人民代表大会从河南省人民代表大会的代表中选举产生。",
"title": "河南省人民代表大会常务委员会"
},
{
"docid": "7173331#0",
"text": "中国共产主义青年团河南省委员会,简称共青团河南省委,是中国共产主义青年团在河南省的地方组织机构,接受中国共产党河南省委员会和中国共产主义青年团中央委员会的领导。主要负责青年工作。",
"title": "中国共产主义青年团河南省委员会"
},
{
"docid": "7196929#0",
"text": "全国人民代表大会河南省代表团,简称全国人大河南省代表团,是在中华人民共和国的最高权力机构全国人民代表大会中,代表中华人民共和国河南省行使国家立法权的人大代表组成的代表团。",
"title": "全国人民代表大会河南省代表团"
},
{
"docid": "7016241#0",
"text": "中国人民政治协商会议河南省委员会,简称河南省政协,成立于1955年2月,是中国人民政治协商会议在河南省的地方组织机构,其主要职能是政治协商、民主监督、参政议政。",
"title": "中国人民政治协商会议河南省委员会"
},
{
"docid": "5946810#0",
"text": "中国人民武装警察部队河南省总队,简称武警河南省总队,是中国人民武装警察部队的省级总队,是隶属于武警总部的副军级单位。其主要执行治安維持、民防警卫、处突维稳等任务。",
"title": "中国人民武装警察部队河南省总队"
},
{
"docid": "7177013#0",
"text": "河南省妇女联合会,简称河南省妇联,是中华人民共和国河南省妇女儿童工作者组成的人民团体,是中华全国妇女联合会的地方组织,接受中国共产党河南省委员会的领导。其最高权力机构是河南省妇女代表大会。",
"title": "河南省妇女联合会"
},
{
"docid": "208732#0",
"text": "河南大学,简称河大,是一所主体位于中華人民共和国河南省开封市的涵盖文、史、哲、经、管、法、理、工、医、农、教育、艺术等12个学科门类的中国“双一流”世界一流学科建设高校、中华人民共和国教育部同河南省省政府省部共建型的综合性公立大学、中国华中地区的综合性大学。",
"title": "河南大学"
},
{
"docid": "427#5",
"text": "在5000-4000年前,河南为中国九州中心之豫州,河南省是中国传统地理概念中“中原”的主体,又有“中州”、“豫州”、“中土”、“中夏”、“华夏”、“中华”之称,“中国”一词源自河南省洛阳市。",
"title": "河南省"
}
] | [
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] |
5182332#0 | 查谟-克什米尔在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "6694762#0",
"text": "查谟和克什米尔(英语:Jammu and Kashmir)是一個位於印度北部的聯邦屬地,分为查谟和克什米尔山谷两个专区,為印度控制的克什米爾的一部分。该地南面与旁遮普和喜马偕尔邦接壤,东北部与拉達克相连,西北部与巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德查谟和克什米尔接邻。该地区面积42,241km²,人口12,258,433,最大城市和夏季首府是斯利那加,冬季首府是查谟。",
"title": "查谟和克什米尔 (中央直辖区)"
},
{
"docid": "3618224#0",
"text": "查谟和克什米尔(;)是存在于1846年—1947年间,位于今印度北部、巴基斯坦南部的一个印度土邦,由王公(玛哈拉贾)统治。",
"title": "查谟和克什米尔土邦"
},
{
"docid": "161147#0",
"text": "-{zh-hans:克什米尔;zh-cn:克什米尔;zh-hk:克什米爾;zh-tw:什米爾;zh-mo:克什米爾;}-(、)是介於青藏高原西端與南亚最北端交接的一个地区。19世纪中期之前,“克什米尔”一词仅指代喜马拉雅山脉和比尔本贾尔岭之间的,而今日則泛指由印度控制的查谟和克什米尔(细分为查谟、克什米尔)和拉达克、由巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德克什米尔和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦,以及由中华人民共和国控制的阿克赛钦和喀喇昆仑走廊。中国认为阿克赛钦和喀喇昆仑走廊自古以来便是属于中国的领土,不属于克什米尔地区",
"title": "克什米尔"
},
{
"docid": "7950#0",
"text": "查谟和克什米尔邦(;;)地处喜马拉雅山脉南簏的克什米尔地区,因印巴领土争议,也被称为“印控克什米尔”,曾經为印度最北部邦,面積101387平方公里。该邦南面与旁遮普和喜马偕尔邦接壤,西北部与巴基斯坦接邻,东北部与中华人民共和国相连。地理上查谟和克什米尔分为三大部分即查谟、克什米尔山谷和拉達克。",
"title": "查谟和克什米尔邦"
},
{
"docid": "1098323#0",
"text": "查谟县(Jammu District)为印控克什米尔西南边境县,北面与拉朱里縣(Rajouri)接壤,东面与乌德汉普尔()、卡图瓦县()相连,西南毗邻巴控克什米尔省。查谟全县面积3,097平方公里,共有1,588,772人(2001年普查),人口识字率77.02%(2001年普查)。主要人口为印度教徒,少部分为巴控克什米尔省逃亡人员。全县下辖5个乡(tehsil)。",
"title": "查谟县"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3071087#0",
"text": "贾姆穆或查谟(Jammu),是印度查谟和克什米尔的冬季首府,面積167平方公里,海拔高度327米。位於該國北部,距離新德里約600公里。2011年人口502,197。",
"title": "贾姆穆"
},
{
"docid": "161147#23",
"text": "印度控制的查谟克什米尔(包括查谟、克什米尔山谷)人口中占70%的为伊斯兰教徒(根据印度2001年的数据),其余为印度教和佛教等其他教徒,其中克什米尔谷地穆斯林占绝对多数,查谟印度教徒居多,而查謨的南部有許多部落,這些部落的祖先可以追溯到鄰近的哈里亞納邦、旁遮普邦、德里市。拉达克居民屬於印藏種,主要信奉佛教和印度教。",
"title": "克什米尔"
},
{
"docid": "6694762#5",
"text": "查謨和克什米爾有兩個不同的區域:印度教徒佔多數的查謨地區、穆斯林占多數的克什米爾山谷。",
"title": "查谟和克什米尔 (中央直辖区)"
},
{
"docid": "7266967#0",
"text": "克什米尔门(Kashmiri Gate)是德里的一个城门,位于北侧的城墙上,由莫卧儿帝国皇帝沙贾汉建造,因为它朝向克什米尔,是通往克什米尔道路的起点,而命名为克什米尔门。而南面的城门命名为德里门。",
"title": "克什米尔门 (德里)"
},
{
"docid": "7950#13",
"text": "查谟和克什米爾邦過去由三個分區組成:查谟、克什米爾和拉達克,又分為22個區。而錫亞琴冰川在印度軍方控制之下,沒有於查謨和克什米爾邦的管理之下。基斯赫特瓦爾、拉姆班、雷阿西、桑巴、班迪波拉、加恩德爾巴爾、庫爾加姆和紹皮恩是在2008年成立的地區,他們的區域包括與那些從他們所構成的區。",
"title": "查谟和克什米尔邦"
}
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577235#0 | 中国有哪些慈善活动? | [
{
"docid": "143363#32",
"text": "2014年4月,发起“今天不说话,倾听自闭儿童的世界”行动;12月14日,在《中国慈善家》“中国慈善名人榜”中排名第二位;12月16日,参加举行“壹·起·爱慈善夜”拍卖会。2015年7月,参加香港保良局137周年上海之夜慈善活动。2016年3月,参加“太极进校园”公益活动;7月9日,参加首届全球XIN公益大会。2018年5月12日,汶川地震十周年纪念日,参加成都-壹基金青少年与未来防灾体验馆暨联合国开发计划署与中国风险治理创新项目成都基地启动会议。",
"title": "李连杰"
},
{
"docid": "1363151#9",
"text": "改革开放以来,中国福利会继续秉承宋庆龄“全心全意为妇女儿童服务”的办会宗旨,坚持“立足上海、服务全国、面向世界”。服务领域不断扩大,其中“两奖一节”,即宋庆龄奖学金、宋庆龄樟树奖、上海国际少年儿童文化艺术节,已经成为上海乃至全国的知名品牌。“母婴平安”、“宋庆龄爱心书库”、“流动少年宫”、“国培计划”、“凉山计划”、“雪莲计划”以及“樱花计划”等项目也逐步展开,影响不断扩大。",
"title": "中国福利会"
},
{
"docid": "1248654#1",
"text": "目前,中国红基会主要实施两大系列的公益项目:一是助医领域的“红十字天使计划”,一是助学系列的“博爱助学计划”。两大系列下面又有很多子项目,如嫣然天使基金(救助唇腭裂儿童)、玉米爱心基金(白血病、卫生院)、捐建博爱小学等。",
"title": "中国红十字基金会"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "225308#35",
"text": "是音乐之声于2003年发起组织的、目前国内唯一由国家级媒体主办的年度大型慈善活动,覆盖北京、河北、四川、贵州等18个省、自治区、直辖市。迄今为止,捐建资助了60个音乐之声春蕾小学和音乐之声春蕾班,募集捐款超过4000万元,累计资助贫困地区儿童超过3万名。“我要上学”活动每年都有年度主题,每年都有年度主题曲,每年都组织慰问探访、举办慈善晚会、邀请明星艺人担任爱心大使全程参与,是中国慈善事业的卓越品牌。",
"title": "中央人民广播电台音乐之声"
},
{
"docid": "1861236#0",
"text": "香港每年有很多團體舉辦不同的慈善活動,通常透過舉辦活動籌款金錢或資產,捐贈到教育、環保團體或醫療機構等,給予有需要的社群幫助。香港慈善活動有數十年歷史,活動地點遍布香港、九龍及新界。",
"title": "香港慈善活動列表"
},
{
"docid": "1364704#6",
"text": "嘉道理公馆在抗战胜利后成为美、澳、英等国军人的活动场所,同时也是沪上众多的慈善活动举办地。孙中山夫人宋庆龄领导的中国福利基金会(即中国福利会前身)曾多次在此处举办各种慈善活动,例如举行游园会、慈善舞会、义卖活动等。嘉道理家族于1940年代末,由上海迁往香港。1953年,在征得嘉道理家族同意以后,宋庆龄于当年6月1日国际儿童节,在嘉道理公馆创办了中国最早的少年宫——中国福利会少年宫。并邀请毛泽东题写了少年宫之名。",
"title": "嘉道理爵士公馆"
},
{
"docid": "4045050#0",
"text": "公益中国(英语:Charity China),是凤凰卫视的周播公益慈善类节目,主持人为艾楚怡(2015年4月前為许戈辉)。节目以公益慈善为主要内容,全面关注两岸三地大中华区各相关机构的有特色、有影响力的活动。涵盖民生疾苦、生态环境、文化传承等多方面内容,展现当下中国公益活动的精彩与艰难,向观众传递更多新的公益理念,努力推广多种公益行为。现时各频道播出时间如下:",
"title": "公益中国"
},
{
"docid": "1569271#1",
"text": "中国有30个省、市、自治区及港、澳地区数千万人参与赞助活动。巴基斯坦政府、希腊、日本、美国、英国、法国、德国、苏联、瑞典等26个国家的团体、友人和侨胞们参加了赞助活动。",
"title": "“爱我中华,修我长城”赞助活动"
},
{
"docid": "3208011#0",
"text": "2012年广东省国际慈善义卖活动,是指2012年12月8日,在中国广东广州举行的首届广东省国际慈善义卖活动,三十余个驻广州总领事馆出售各国产品,为广东省听障残疾儿童共筹得善款逾33万元。",
"title": "2012年广东省国际慈善义卖活动"
},
{
"docid": "6156806#16",
"text": "在参加第61届环球小姐中国区大赛后,许龄月参加了关注白内障儿童的慈善活动,这不是许龄月第一次参与公益活动。在2008年汶川发生地震时,还是大二学生的她省出了自己两个星期的生活费捐给了灾区,并且将自己的冬衣捐给了灾区的孩子。",
"title": "许龄月"
}
] | [
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5505272#0 | 巴基斯坦首都在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "9268#1",
"text": "“巴基斯坦”乌尔都语意思为“圣洁的土地”。巴基斯坦原为英属印度一部分,1858年随印度成为英国殖民地,1947年8月14日宣告独立,成为英联邦的自治领。1956年3月23日,巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国成立。1971年孟加拉人民共和国从巴基斯坦独立。巴基斯坦从前的首都在卡拉奇,现在首都位于伊斯兰堡。巴基斯坦是英联邦和伊斯兰合作组织成员国。",
"title": "巴基斯坦"
},
{
"docid": "113307#0",
"text": "伊斯蘭堡(乌尔都语:,乌尔都语转写:),中華人民共和國將瑪巴德意譯為堡,是巴基斯坦的首都,位於該國的伊斯兰堡首都区。伊斯兰堡在2011年有两百多万人口,并与紧邻着的城市拉瓦尔品第组成一个超過450万人口、位列全国第三的城市群。自城市建立起来就吸引了来自全国的人口,使伊斯兰堡成为巴基斯坦最有世界性和高城市化率的城市。作为国家首都,巴基斯坦政府、巴基斯坦总统府(Aiwan-e-Sadr)驻地于此。巴基斯坦一座国家纪念碑也坐落于这里。伊斯兰堡也是大量外交官、政客和政府员工的接待处。伊斯兰堡的首都開發委員會(CDA)对该城市公共建设工程管理负责。",
"title": "伊斯兰堡"
},
{
"docid": "6439012#0",
"text": "巴基斯坦國家圖書館(烏爾都語:قومی کتب خانہ پاکستان)位於巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭馬巴德,最初成立於1951年。現今的馆舍于1988年6月建成,馆藏和工作人员同年搬入新馆。1993年8月24日,总理莫因·库雷希主持开馆仪式,自此巴基斯坦国家图书馆面向公众开放,联邦政府图书馆部门也设在该馆。目前擁有130,000冊館藏和600份手稿。根据《1962版权条例》,巴基斯坦国家图书馆接收呈缴本,以保存该国所有的出版物,并向民眾提供;此外,巴基斯坦國家圖書館还是亚洲开发银行、国际劳工组织等国际组织的文献托存机构。",
"title": "巴基斯坦国家图书馆"
},
{
"docid": "113307#5",
"text": "巴基斯坦1947年建国时,首都位于国内南部的港口城市卡拉奇。伊斯兰堡因多种原因以首都的规格而展开建设。前巴基斯坦总统阿尤布·汗想要让各地区经济平衡发展,但传统上巴基斯坦的经济发展围绕着以卡拉奇为中心带有殖民痕迹的地域为重点。同时卡拉奇属于热带气候,且位于全国的最南端处濒临阿拉伯海,国防上考虑也不安全。对于巴基斯坦而言需要一座能与内地各区域联系便捷的城市。因而政府几经考虑迁都问题直到1959年2月才确定在波特瓦尔高原离拉瓦尔品第东北的地方建设一座新首都,取名为“伊斯兰堡”。1970年基本建成市区面积907平方公里,多现代化建筑,并具有传统的伊斯兰特色。分居民、行政、商业、使馆、工业、绿化等区,四边各有一条高速公路。行政区南侧是外交使館区;西侧是一条宽阔宪法大街,隔街相对的是公共事业区,内有国家银行、广播公司、电视台、电信局等单位。",
"title": "伊斯兰堡"
},
{
"docid": "7402170#0",
"text": "小山公園(),又称舍科帕里昂(Shakarparian Hills),是位於巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡西部的山、游乐场和國家公园。巴基斯坦紀念碑等名胜景点都在公园之内,是巴基斯坦的旅游胜地之一。",
"title": "小山公園"
},
{
"docid": "295172#1",
"text": "卡拉奇屬第2級世界都市,為當地最大及繁忙港口-喀拉蚩港及卡西姆港的所在地。伊斯蘭堡建為巴基斯坦首都以前,卡拉奇曾為該國首都。巴基斯坦獨立後,數十萬印度穆斯林難民(穆哈吉爾人)移民到卡拉奇,因而帶動其人口及經濟快速成長。",
"title": "卡拉奇"
},
{
"docid": "113307#1",
"text": "伊斯兰堡位于巴基斯坦东北的波特瓦尔高原上,海拔540米,属副热带湿润气候。在历史上,这个地区处于一个前往旁遮普和开伯尔-普什图的十字路口处,而马格拉关口则扮演前往两个地区的入口的角色。伊斯兰堡修建于1960年代以取代当时的首都卡拉奇。现在伊斯兰堡是有秩序的国际城市,被认为是巴基斯坦最发达的城市,也被列为Gamma+级的全球城市。但自21世纪初,伊斯兰堡多次遭到恐怖主义威胁。在2007年7月当地的红色清真寺的一伊斯兰学校发生了伊斯兰原教旨主义武装分子和巴政府之间的武装冲突、2008年6月2日的丹麦驻巴基斯坦大使馆爆炸案以及同年9月20日的伊斯蘭堡萬豪酒店爆炸案。",
"title": "伊斯兰堡"
},
{
"docid": "1191968#0",
"text": "費薩爾清真寺(乌尔都语:,拉丁化:Shah Faisal Masjid),位于巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡,是巴基斯坦的国家清真寺。它是巴基斯坦乃至南亚地区最大的清真寺,同时也是世界第六大清真寺。清真寺由沙特阿拉伯国王费萨尔·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特出资修建,并以其名冠名。建筑风格以贝都因人帐篷为灵感。",
"title": "費薩爾清真寺"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1845820#12",
"text": "在巴基斯坦,大都市有卡拉奇和拉合爾。雙子城市拉瓦爾品第/伊斯蘭堡和旁遮普省的費薩拉巴德也考慮被列為大都市。",
"title": "大都市"
},
{
"docid": "900209#9",
"text": "2013年8月27日,中巴经济走廊秘书处在巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡设立。2014年2月,巴基斯坦总统侯赛因在对中国的国事访问中讨论了相关议题。两个月后,巴基斯坦总理谢里夫同中国国务院总理李克强会面讨论了项目的计划。2014年11月8日,在中国国务院总理李克强与巴基斯坦总理谢里夫的共同见证下,中国国家发展改革委副主任、国家能源局局长吴新雄与巴基斯坦水电部常秘穆罕默德·尤尼斯·达加签署了《中巴经济走廊能源项目合作的协议》。",
"title": "中国-巴基斯坦关系"
}
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148948#0 | Google公司创始人是谁? | [
{
"docid": "738692#6",
"text": "2004年4月,Keyhole公司向Google创始人谢尔盖·布林和拉里·佩奇展示了他们的软件,随后在10月,谷歌正式收购了Keyhole。其创始成员和约翰·汉克留在了Google。2005年,Google推出了收购了Keyhole后的第一个版本:Google地球3.0。2010年汉克在谷歌内部成立创业公司Niantic Labs,开发了Field Trip、Ingress等产品,后于2015年脱离Google成为独立公司。",
"title": "Google地球"
},
{
"docid": "267701#3",
"text": "1997年,施密特担任了Novell公司的总裁,之後Novell收購了Cambridge Technology Partners,但他之後也離開了此公司。在风险投资家约翰·杜尔和Michael Moritz的建議下,Google创始人拉里·佩奇和謝爾蓋·布林於2001年招募艾瑞克·施密特來运作Google公司。",
"title": "埃里克·施密特"
},
{
"docid": "1071150#2",
"text": "布赫海特,Gmail的创造者,曾说过:当时这是Google的经营理念之一。Google 2004年的首次公开募股的招股书(又名“S-1”),(Google创始人的一封信,后来被称为“不作恶宣言”): 现在很多公司有“”来规范他们的行为,Google声称“不作恶”已经成为他们的身份和他们自称的核心价值观念的核心支柱之一。“不作恶”组成了Google核心价值观的第六点: 首次公开发行前,拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林在Google2004年创始人至股东的公开信中解释说他们“不作恶”的文化绝不会和利益冲突,并需要客观、不带偏见看待:",
"title": "不作惡"
},
{
"docid": "267701#4",
"text": "施密特在2001年3月以董事會成員的身分擔任Google的董事長,並在同年8月兼任总裁一職。任職於Google時,施密特採取與兩位創始人佩奇及布林共同負責公司的日常運作的工作方式。在Google提交給美國證券交易委員會的檔案的第29頁中,說明了兩位創始人佩奇及布林與施密特運作Google公司的關係係屬三人同盟,施密特以執行長身份負責公司的正常運作並且專注於銷售部分。而從Google的公司網頁中得知,施密特也著重以下的工作:建設公司的基礎建設以應付Google的快速發展;確保產品的開發周期縮到最短,但仍能保持產品的品質。",
"title": "埃里克·施密特"
},
{
"docid": "3433442#9",
"text": "Google.org还负责管理Google基金会。该基金会成立较早,与Google的帮助和类似的既定目标,是一个非营利性的组织,根据中的501(c)(4)部分。其董事会由Google创始人谢尔盖·布林和拉里·佩奇组成。Google.org的高级顾问兼投资主管这两个职位,除了Brilliant为执行董事,都由格雷戈里·米勒执行。Google贡献一些自己的员工到基金会工作,还在晚于2005年时资助了基金会9千万美元。",
"title": "Google.org"
},
{
"docid": "738397#7",
"text": "有人怀疑Google公司的企业文化在上市后,会由于董事会施压或高管们的暴富而不可避免地被改变。两位创始人拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林则在一份报告中承诺,上市不会影响Google的公司文化,以作为对潜在投资者们的怀疑所做的回应。2005年,纽约时报等媒体撰文指出Google已经丧失了原来不作恶的哲学。在此之下,为了保持与众不同的企业文化,Google专门指派了一位首席文化官,来为Google构建和维护企业内部广泛协助的扁平化组织,及其所产生的核心价值。 Google也面临前员工性别歧视和年龄歧视的指控。",
"title": "Google"
},
{
"docid": "738397#4",
"text": "1997年9月15日,两人注册了Google域名。1998年9月4日,佩奇和布林在加州门洛帕克一位朋友家的车库内建立了Google公司,克雷格·西尔弗斯坦(Craig Silverstein)——同为斯坦福大学的博士生——是公司的首位雇员。",
"title": "Google"
},
{
"docid": "738397#0",
"text": "Google(中文譯名:-{zh-cn:谷歌;zh-tw:谷歌/科高;}-)是总部位于美国加州山景城的跨國科技公司,為Alphabet(字母控股)的子公司,业务范围涵盖互联网广告、互联网搜索、云计算等领域,开发并提供大量基于互联网的产品与服务,其主要利润来自Ads等广告服务。Google由在斯坦福大学攻读理工博士的拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林共同创建,因此两人也被称为“”。",
"title": "Google"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "738397#5",
"text": "佩奇和布林在Google项目上最早获得投资是在1998年8月,Sun Microsystems的联合创始人安迪·贝托尔斯海姆给了两人一张十万美元的支票来用于搜索引擎的开发和运营,当时Google公司还尚未成立。到1999年,由于搜索引擎的开发花费了太多的学习时间,佩奇和布林甚至考虑将其出售。两人找到公司CEO乔治·贝尔(George Bell)提出一百万美元的收购价。尽管Excite的风险投资人维诺德·科斯拉在与Google的两位创始人谈判后将价格降低到75万美元,但仍被贝尔拒绝了。1999年6月7日,包括Kleiner Perkins公司和红杉资本在内的投资者为Google注资两千五百万美元。",
"title": "Google"
},
{
"docid": "738397#1",
"text": "1998年9月4日,Google以私营公司的形式创立,目的是设计并管理互联网搜索引擎“Google搜索”。2004年8月19日,Google公司在纳斯达克上市,后来被称为“三驾马车”的公司两位共同创始人与出任首席执行官的埃里克·施密特在此时承诺:共同在Google工作至少二十年,即至2024年止。Google的宗旨是“-{zh-cn:整合全球信息,供大众使用,使人人受益;zh-tw:匯整全球資訊,供大眾使用,使人人受惠}-”(');而非正式的口号则为“不作恶”('),由工程师阿米特·帕特尔()所创,并得到了保罗·布赫海特的支持。Google公司的总部称为“”,位于美国加州圣克拉拉县的山景城。2011年4月,佩奇接替施密特擔任首席执行官。在2015年8月,Google宣布進行资产重组。重组後,Google划归新成立的Alphabet底下。同时,此舉把Google旗下的核心搜索和廣告業務與Google無人車等新兴业务分離開來。",
"title": "Google"
}
] | [
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] |
6885160#0 | 韩国有哪些出口电视剧? | [
{
"docid": "247201#23",
"text": "1993年,中国中央电视台尝试首次引入韩剧《嫉妒》,直至1997年的《爱情是什么》方引起巨大轰动。韩国电视剧在各地的走红也引起了部分电影的热卖。包括2003年的《实尾岛》、2004年《太极旗飘扬》。在韩国韩亚航空公司一架命名为“大长今”波音767客机(注册号HL7514)上,机身上画满李英爱的巨幅照片。2009年的《花樣男子》不僅風迷東南亞更於2015穫頒Soompi韓流特別獎,說明该剧雖然已經經過了6年仍然持續不斷的受到全球韓迷的歡迎,人氣不減 。。",
"title": "韓流"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "34435#0",
"text": "韩国电视剧(),简称韩剧(),指韩国拍摄制作的电视剧。二十世纪八十年代,韩剧随着电视的彩色化而兴起。1990年,韩国修订《电视法》,允许民营电视台和有线电视台进入电视广播产业。1991年,民营商业电视台SBS的成立使韩剧产业形成KBS、MBC和SBS三足鼎立的商业化运作格局。1997年,韩剧《爱情是什么》在中国中央电视台的热播,使韩剧开始在中国、臺灣、日本、斯里蘭卡、印度东北部、东南亚地区流行,成为“韩流”的重要组成部分。2000年开始,韩剧与韩流在世界更大范围流行,进入兴盛期。",
"title": "韓國電視劇"
},
{
"docid": "247201#22",
"text": "韩流的主要中心是以韩国电视剧为中心展开,通过电视剧中展示出的服装、家居、时常消费等,刺激着观众对于韩国商品或文化的向往,包括手机、服饰、化妆品、游戏、漫画、饮食、甚至美容技术等。",
"title": "韓流"
},
{
"docid": "360639#7",
"text": "韩国光复后,美国电影大批涌入韩国。进口美国电影曾占据韩国全年上映电影数量的一半以上。朝鲜战争期间,韩国依然大量进口美国和法国的电影。避难地破旧的电影院上映的进口外国电影吸引了大批的观众,盛况空前。1954年,有30个外国电影进口公司相互竞争争夺这一市场。1959年,韩国进口的外国电影多达212部,其中90%都是好莱坞的影片。《魂断蓝桥》(1940年,默夫云·莱罗依)、《卡莎布兰卡》(1942年,迈克尔·柯蒂兹)、《罗马假日》(1953年,威廉·惠勒)等经典好莱坞电影放映时影院经常满座。这些进口电影一方面让韩国电影人有了紧迫感,迫使他们尽早制作出高质量的作品,另一方面,也为韩国电影人提供了可以学习、借鉴的契机。",
"title": "韓國電影"
},
{
"docid": "5183047#35",
"text": "韩国光复后,美国电影大批涌入韩国。进口美国电影曾占据韩国全年上映电影数量的一半以上。朝鲜战争期间,韩国依然大量进口美国和法国的电影。避难地破旧的电影院上映的进口外国电影吸引了大批的观众,盛况空前。1954年,有30个外国电影进口公司相互竞争争夺这一市场。1959年,韩国进口的外国电影多达212部,其中90%都是好莱坞的影片。《魂断蓝桥》(1940年,默夫云·莱罗依)、《卡莎布兰卡》(1942年,迈克尔·柯蒂兹)、《罗马假日》(1953年,威廉·惠勒)、《飞瀑怒潮》(1953年,亨利·哈萨维)等经典好莱坞电影放映时影院经常满座。这些进口电影一方面让韩国电影人有了紧迫感,迫使他们尽早制作出高质量的作品,另一方面,也为韩国电影人提供了可以学习、借鉴的契机。",
"title": "韓國電影史"
},
{
"docid": "247201#6",
"text": "韩国电影业的兴起也带动了韩剧的兴起。韩国文化的向外输出开始于韩剧在中国的热播。1997年,中央电视台在第八套影视频道播出电视剧《爱情是什么》,在中国观众引起轰动,收视率高达4.2%。同年,韩国宇田公司为代表将大量韩国音乐人作品介绍到中国,韩国作品遂如雨后春笋。这个时期主要是电视剧与音乐为主,特別是偶像組合H.O.T.在北京舉行演唱會的高人氣,開創了偶像文化、粉絲文化、應援文化,受众为青年女性和中学生。“韩流”或“韩风”一词最初其实是由海峡两岸的中文媒体率先开始使用(取其寒流或寒风自北方而来的谐音双关义),例如1999年11月19日,《北京青年报》以“韩流”一词描述突显的韩国文化影响力,为应对激增的韩国进口文化产品,中国国家广播电影电视总局开始限制韩剧在中国电视台的播放数量。",
"title": "韓流"
},
{
"docid": "89497#18",
"text": "在1997年,MBC電視劇《愛情是什麼》被中央電視台首次引進之後,在中國初次引起韓國電視劇的熱潮。此後,眾多電視劇、綜藝、紀錄片等節目向海外出口。 MBC代表古裝劇《大長今》出口到全球91個國家與地區。目前,MBC通過《我是歌手》、《我們結婚了》、《爸爸去哪兒》等綜藝節目的模式版權出口的方式,擴大內容事業範圍。",
"title": "文化廣播公司"
},
{
"docid": "3905647#3",
"text": "2013年11月,该剧登陆韩国中华TV。韩国《朝鲜日报》称:“中国电视剧凭借服装华丽、弘大精良的制作场景日益受到韩国观众热捧”是这部电视剧在韩国播放的重要原因。",
"title": "雪山飞狐 (2007年电视剧)"
},
{
"docid": "34435#4",
"text": "1964年12月,民营东洋放送社(TBC)成立后播出了韩国首部日日电视剧《下著雪》(),KBS則推出了第一部历史剧《國土萬里》()。以追求收视率为目的的民营电视台的出现使韩国电视界出现了竞争。1960年代后期,特别是1969年民营MBC电台成立后,韩国电视剧的类型基本完善,出现了历史剧、社会剧、家庭剧和爱情剧等类型。1969年,韩国还出现了以婚外情为题材的电视剧《》。该剧以“青蛙是水陆两栖生活,你的丈夫生活在何地?”为主题,描述了丈夫(崔佛岩飾演)与年轻女秘书发生关系,妻子(金惠子飾演)以忍耐与原谅坚守家庭的当时社会大男子主义的传统气氛。由于题材的刺激性和不道德因素,该剧播放期间遭到众多批评而中途停播,但同时也创造了当时最高的收视率。",
"title": "韓國電視劇"
},
{
"docid": "360639#16",
"text": "1990年代和21世纪是韩国电影在开放中重获新生的时代。根据韩美的电影协商,自1989年1月1日开始韩国电影公司无需经政府批准就可以进口外国电影,外国电影也无需经过审查,韩国逐年放宽对外国电影进口拷贝数目的限制,直到1994年完全废除。外国进口电影对韩国电影的发展产生了巨大的冲击。1980年代,韩国电影的占有率曾上升到30%,但在1993年已经下降到了历史最低的15.9%。1998年,韩国国产电影的数量由1990年前后的100-120部,缩减到43部。而进口外国电影则由1984年的25部,激增到1996年的405部。",
"title": "韓國電影"
}
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5315781#0 | 巴拿马属于哪一大洲? | [
{
"docid": "1325775#10",
"text": "巴拿馬:巴拿马位于中美洲,它的东岸是加勒比海,西岸是太平洋,北临哥斯达黎加,南临哥伦比亚。它是连接北美洲和南美洲的地峡。其境內的野生動物多樣性是所有中美洲國家中最高的,並且也是很多北美洲及南美洲野生動物品種的發源地。境內擁有巴拿馬運河。連接大西洋及太平洋的巴拿马运河位於國家的中央,劃分了南北美洲,拥有重要的战略地位。 雖然部份國家如英國、法國、澳大利亚、新西蘭、阿根廷、智利、挪威等聲稱擁有南極洲部份領土主權,但由於以上國家均簽署南極條約,條約訂明不會承認任何對南極洲的領土主權,可視為名義上的跨洲國家。",
"title": "跨大陸國家列表"
},
{
"docid": "41556#13",
"text": "巴拿马位于中美洲,它的东岸是加勒比海,西岸是太平洋,北临哥斯达黎加,南临哥伦比亚。它是连接北美洲和南美洲的地峡。其境內的野生動物多樣性是所有中美洲國家中最高的,並且也是很多北美洲及南美洲野生動物品種的發源地。境內擁有巴拿馬運河。",
"title": "巴拿马"
},
{
"docid": "41556#0",
"text": "巴拿马共和国( ),簡稱巴拿馬(;; ),是中美洲最南部的国家,国土面积7.55万平方公里,人口393万。",
"title": "巴拿马"
},
{
"docid": "1676598#0",
"text": "巴拿马是中美洲劃分北南美洲的國家。其歷史可追溯至公元前的阿茲特克文明、瑪雅文明。",
"title": "巴拿马历史"
},
{
"docid": "7781082#3",
"text": "战略上,巴拿马是同盟国最重要的拉美国家,因为巴拿马运河控制了连接大西洋和太平洋的通道,对贸易和军事都至关重要。巴西也非常重要,因为它是美洲离非洲最近的地方,而当时同盟国又在北非与德国和意大利作战。",
"title": "第二次世界大战中的拉丁美洲"
},
{
"docid": "449414#3",
"text": "到1821年为止巴拿马是西班牙在美洲的殖民地之一。1821年巴拿马加入到了西蒙·玻利瓦尔所建立的大哥伦比亚共和国,与南美洲的邻国哥伦比亚共和国形成了联盟关系。自1821年联盟的形成至1903年巴拿马宣布独立期间,巴拿马使用了哥伦比亚的国旗。但在哥伦比亚旗帜中央的盾牌下,绣有“地峡领域”(Departamento del Istmo)的字样。这代表着巴拿马当时仅被哥伦比亚政府视为一个领域管理。1855年至1885年间,巴拿马境内不少脱离哥伦比亚的独立运动得到了兴起。巴拿马的名称从“地峡领域”改为“巴拿马联邦州”(Estado Federal de Panamá),国旗盾牌下的字纹也随着改成了“巴拿马州”(Estado de Panamá)。1885年后,又改为“巴拿马省”(Provincia de Panamá)的字样。",
"title": "巴拿马国旗"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3985118#0",
"text": "巴拿马湾()是太平洋的一个海湾,位于巴拿马以南,最大宽最大深度面积约为。巴拿马运河连接了大西洋加勒比海与太平洋巴拿马湾。巴拿马的首都巴拿馬城的主城区就在巴拿马湾沿岸。",
"title": "巴拿马湾"
},
{
"docid": "41556#1",
"text": "連接大西洋及太平洋的巴拿马运河位於國家的中央,劃分了南北美洲,拥有重要的战略与经济地位。",
"title": "巴拿马"
},
{
"docid": "65599#36",
"text": "第二次世界大战后,美国对于巴拿馬河道及運河區的控制开始引发争议;美国和巴拿马的关系也开始变得更紧张。很多巴拿马人认为运河区理应属于巴拿马;當地爆發学生抗议活动的同時,美国亦在运河区加設圍欄並增兵佈防。1956年,美國在苏伊士危机中透過經濟及外交手段,迫使英法把苏伊士運河拱手讓與埃及纳赛尔政府後,要求美国向巴拿马移交运河控制权的呼聲更形高漲。动荡的局势在1964年1月9日达到顶点,在当天的暴动中,有大约20名巴拿马人和3至5名美军士兵死亡,這一日被巴拿馬奉為「烈士節」。 10年后的1974年,美巴双方展開谈判;最終在1977年9月7日,美国总统吉米·卡特和巴拿马实际上的领导人奥马尔·托里霍斯在《巴拿马运河条约》上签字。条约规定,巴拿马运河由两国官员组成的运河管理委员会管理,运河区的司法和移民机构、海关、邮局等逐步交由巴拿马管辖和经营;条约期满后,由巴拿马承担运河的管理和防务。這一條約遭到美國許多人的反對。1979年美國将巴拿马運河區主權交還巴拿馬,但仍然控制運河。",
"title": "巴拿马运河"
},
{
"docid": "3985118#1",
"text": "巴拿马湾包括三个更小的港湾,西边的帕里塔湾,北部的巴拿马港湾和东边的圣米格尔湾,以及珍珠群岛等两百个大小岛屿。巴拿马湾沿岸有许多巴拿马的重要城市,如巴拿马城、拉帕尔马和奇特雷。",
"title": "巴拿马湾"
}
] | [
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6829684#0 | 泰勒斯威夫特的代表歌曲有哪些? | [
{
"docid": "3475244#0",
"text": "美国创作歌手泰勒·斯威夫特(英語:Taylor Swift)擁有9張錄音室專輯、5張迷你專輯、4張現場專輯、4場影音專輯、56支單曲、21支宣傳單曲及44支音樂錄影帶。斯威夫特于2005与大机器唱片签订唱片合约,并于次年发行她的同名首张专辑,从此开启职业生涯。在美国,《泰勒·斯威夫特》在公告牌二百强专辑榜最高排至第五位,在21世纪初期间于该榜停留了最长时间。专辑所有单曲《蒂姆·麦格劳》、《泪洒吉他》、《我们的歌》、《烧掉的回忆》和《早该拒绝》在美国跻身榜单前40,获美国唱片工业协会铂金认证。之后,斯威夫特发行了迷你专辑《季节之声:泰勒·斯威夫特假日收藏》和《美丽的双眼》,两者在二百强榜上分列第20和第9。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特音乐作品列表"
},
{
"docid": "3475244#1",
"text": "2008年,斯威夫特发行其第二张录音室专辑《无惧的爱》,于美国、加拿大和新西兰位列榜首。2009年,专辑成为美国最畅销的专辑,其13首歌曲都在公告牌百强单曲榜位列前40,打破了单张专辑最多前40作品的纪录。歌曲《爱情故事》、《与我同在》和《无惧的爱》在美国位列前十,而《爱情故事》更成为她在澳大利亚的首支冠军单曲。她凭借《情人节原声带》歌曲《今天是个童话》首次在加拿大夺冠。2010年,斯威夫特的第三张录音室专辑《爱的告白》在美国位列榜首,于澳大利亚、加拿大和英国等多个国家跻身前十,其中三首单曲《太刻薄》和《重回十二月》在加拿大位列前十。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特音乐作品列表"
},
{
"docid": "791714#61",
"text": "斯威夫特的唱片涵盖乡村、流行、民谣和另类流派。 她的前三张录音室专辑《泰勒·斯威夫特》、《放手去爱》和《爱的告白》被归类为乡村风格;她不拘一格的第四张录音室专辑 《红》,涵盖了乡村和流行风格; 她接下来的三张专辑《1989》、《名誉》和《恋人》都贴上了流行音乐的标签;《民间故事》和《永恒故事》被认为是另类风格。 乐评家将她的歌曲归类为合成器流行、乡村流行、摇滚、电子流行和独立音乐等;一些歌曲,尤其是《名誉》重的歌曲,融合了节奏布鲁斯、电子舞曲、嘻哈和陷阱的元素。斯威夫特演奏的乐器包括钢琴、班卓琴、尤克里里和各种类型的吉他。 在《1989》发行之前斯威夫特将自己描述为乡村艺术家,她将该专辑描述为她的第一张“声音连贯的流行专辑”。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特"
},
{
"docid": "7143053#0",
"text": "泰勒·斯威夫特是美国创作歌手及音樂製作人。2005年,她与当时的独立唱片公司大机器唱片签下了一份唱片合约。除参與了几次翻唱表演和两次客串演唱外,她的每首歌曲都由她本人詞曲創作及大部分的歌曲由她及其他音樂製作人共同製作,她也參與了其他歌手的歌曲创作。2006年,斯威夫特发行了首张同名专辑,她独立完成了《我们的歌》、《本应拒绝》和《局外人》等三首歌曲,其余八首歌曲由她與利兹·罗斯、、布赖恩·马赫和安杰洛·佩特拉利亚共同创作完成。2007年,她发行了首张个人首张迷你专辑《》,其中收录了两首原创歌曲:《当你在圣诞节想起我》和《圣诞节的意义》。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特歌曲列表"
},
{
"docid": "791714#23",
"text": "斯威夫特还录制了一些周边歌曲。2009年,她透过Rhapsody发布了汤姆·佩蒂歌曲《》的翻唱版,并有幸与佩蒂共同录制歌曲直至2013年。她还担任梅尔第四张专辑《》歌曲《半颗心》的伴唱。她还与共同创作并录制了歌曲《》,并分别与和共同创作了电影《》中的两首插曲《》和《》。斯威夫特还为男生爱女生的歌曲《两人世界总比单身要强》作伴唱,斯威夫特與马丁·约翰逊共同创作這首歌。她还为电影《情人节快乐》原声带贡献了包括《》在内的两首插曲,并为《》翻唱了的歌曲《无力呼吸》(Breathless)。 2009年,斯威夫特凭借《与我同行》赢得最受欢迎女歌手音乐录影带奖,成为首个赢得MTV音乐录影带大奖的乡村音乐歌手。但当她发表获奖感言时,被饒舌歌手坎耶·韦斯特打断。威斯特此前曾涉及多起颁奖典礼事故。在活动的新闻发布厅裡,斯威夫特表示她是坎耶的歌迷,自己跟他没有“任何过节”。事件受到媒体的关注,在网上爆红。几天后,斯威夫特告诉一名记者,威斯特私底下给她道了歉,她接受了:“他很真诚。”在随后的采访中,她拒绝谈论这一事件,以免招致“大麻烦”:“这件事发生在电视上,所以大家都看清楚了事件的原委……我并不认为我们需要谈这些。”有人表示,这起事件和后续的媒体关注度,让斯威夫特变成“一位真正的友善的主流名人。”",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特"
},
{
"docid": "7479985#3",
"text": "《泰勒·斯威夫特圣诞特辑》属于乡村流行乐风格的圣诞音乐。这张专辑主要由圣诞歌曲和圣诞颂歌的翻唱组成。专辑的首支曲目是威猛乐队《去年圣诞》的翻唱,这首歌来自他们1986年的专辑《天边的音乐》。原创曲目《圣诞回忆》由泰勒·斯威夫特、 利兹·罗斯和内森·查普曼共同创作。在歌词上,这首歌着眼于主人公过往圣诞节的幸福回忆。歌词还表达了眼下的圣诞节比之前的圣诞节更难让人开心起来。这是泰勒·斯威夫特迄今为止唯一一首与内森·查普曼共同写谱写的歌曲。在他们其他所有合作中,内森·查普曼只是制作人,而泰勒·斯威夫特本人,有时甚至包括其他歌曲作者,也参与了这一角色。泰勒·斯威夫特还翻唱了1953年的歌曲《圣诞宝贝》,原唱来自厄莎·凯特。圣诞颂歌《平安夜》也是翻唱,在音乐表现上有所不同,从钢琴演奏改成了吉他弹唱。泰勒·斯威夫特的歌声也比传统版本的来得更欢快一些。《圣诞节的意义》是专辑里的第二首原创歌曲,由泰勒·斯威夫特独立创作。歌词表达了庆祝圣诞节的原因,是对基督教中耶稣诞生的庆祝。结束曲目是欧文·柏林的《白色圣诞节》的翻唱,这首歌从宾·克罗斯比1942年的同名专辑中开始流行开来。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特圣诞特辑"
},
{
"docid": "7143053#3",
"text": "2014年,斯威夫特发行了第五张专辑《1989》。作为斯威夫特的“首张正式流行乐专辑”,《1989》代表着她脫離了乡村风格。《1989》将流行舞曲,流行电音和合成器流行乐等音乐类型加以融合,并被描述为“一张合成器和鼓代替了吉他”的专辑。斯威夫特与杰克·安东诺夫,瑞恩·泰德及等新搭档完成了专辑制作,斯威夫特和马丁担任执行制作人。她邀请了查普曼、马丁和歇爾貝克等老搭档,并首次邀请了诺埃尔·赞卡内拉、馬特曼和羅賓和等人。2016年12月,斯威夫特和英国歌手贊恩共同录制了《五十度黑》电影歌曲〈无爱不活〉。2017年,斯威夫特发行了第六张专辑《舉世盛名》,她同样担任执行制作人,并与安东诺夫,马丁,歇尔贝克等老搭档及奥斯卡·戈雷斯和奥斯卡·霍尔特等新人共同完成制作,紅髮艾德、未来小子也在专辑中伴唱。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特歌曲列表"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7479985#0",
"text": "《泰勒·斯威夫特圣诞特辑》(原名《节日之声:泰勒·斯威夫特圣诞特辑》 )是美国歌手兼作词家泰勒·斯威夫特的圣诞迷你专辑。专辑由大机器唱片于2007年10月14日首次发行,仅在美国的塔吉特百货商店和线上商店发行。该专辑本来是2007年圣诞节的限量发行,但于2008年12月2日重新发行于iTunes和亚马逊网站平台 ,2009年10月再次发行于塔吉特百货商店。这张专辑收录了圣诞歌曲的翻唱版本和两首泰勒·斯威夫特的原创曲目,《圣诞回忆》和《圣诞节的意义》,所有歌曲都具有乡村流行乐风格。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特圣诞特辑"
},
{
"docid": "791714#30",
"text": "专辑的首支单曲《我的最愛》于2010年8月发行,另外五首于2010年和2011年全年发布的单曲为《重回十二月》、《太刻薄》、《我們的故事》、《火花飞舞》和《有你有我》。专辑在商业上获得重大成功,以榜首位置首次杀入公告牌二百强专辑榜。发行首日销量为104.7万张,使得专辑成为美国历史上第16张单周卖出100万张的专辑。截至2012年2月,专辑已在全球售出超过570万份。 斯威夫特在2011年全年和2012年初举办「愛的告白世界巡迴演唱會」來宣传专辑。111场世界巡演于北美、亚洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和新西兰举办。斯威夫特在北美巡演期间,力邀众多艺术家与她作一次过的二重唱。登台明星包括小賈斯汀、提姆·麥格劳、詹姆斯·泰勒、杰森·玛耶兹、、、、赛琳娜·戈麦斯、、妮琪·米娜、耐利、B.o.B、亚瑟小子、佛罗·里达、T.I.、、、海莉·威廉斯、、、和肯尼·薛士尼。在北美巡演站期间,每一场表演斯威夫特都会在左臂上写下不同的歌词,表示应该被当成夜间的“情绪戒指”。斯威夫特在北美巡演期间还表演了无数首不插电翻唱歌词。每到一个城市,她都会赞扬当地出生长大的艺术家。她表示翻唱歌曲能让她在一场原本精心编排的节目“不那么被动”。超过160万歌迷观看巡演,票房收入超过1.23亿美元。斯威夫特首张现场专辑《爱的告白世界巡回演唱会:现场》收录了北美巡演的17场表演,于2011年11月发布。 在第54届格莱美奖颁奖典礼上,斯威夫特的歌曲《太刻薄》赢得最佳乡村歌曲,這首歌也替泰勒獲得最佳乡村歌手。她也在典礼上演唱了这首歌曲。对她在2010年格莱美奖上的表演抨击得最为猛烈的雷夫塞特玆认为这首歌是写给他的,雷夫塞特玆此前很看好这位歌手的职业生涯,而斯威夫特不定期透过电子邮件和电话与雷夫塞特玆交流。《时代》杂志的克莱尔·苏达夫(Claire Suddath)感觉斯威夫特“以复仇之心发表她要开启复出。而《今日美国》的杰米·蒂尔维斯特(Jayme Deerwester)则指出,2010年的批评似乎“让她成为了「更优秀的词曲作家和现场表演者」。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特"
},
{
"docid": "791714#69",
"text": "斯威夫特的被强调为她的歌曲的最佳方面之一,并为她赢得了媒体的“桥段女王”称号。在2021年授予她词曲作家偶像奖,并表示“在当今的音乐创作方面,没有人”比斯威夫特“更有影响力”。《》认为她是现代最重要的女性词曲作家。斯威夫特还发表过两首原创诗歌:《她为什么失踪》()和《如果你和我一样》()。",
"title": "泰勒·斯威夫特"
}
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] |
3609414#0 | 氯化铋有哪些化学反应? | [
{
"docid": "3609414#6",
"text": "氯化铋是一种氧化剂,遇还原剂如氯化亚锡生成黑色的金属铋粉末,此反应可用于检验Bi。 氯化铋作为一种路易斯酸,在Cl浓度高的溶液中能形成各种氯配合物,如BiCl。其八面体结构与价层电子对互斥理论的判断不符, 不过BiCl的四方锥结构符合该理论的判断。",
"title": "氯化铋"
},
{
"docid": "3609414#7",
"text": "氯化铋用于有机合成的催化剂,例如麦克尔加成反应,碘的加入能提高催化效率。",
"title": "氯化铋"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3609414#1",
"text": "氯化铋可从氯气与铋直接反应制得:",
"title": "氯化铋"
},
{
"docid": "1052695#3",
"text": "由液相或气相干燥不含铁质的甲苯与氯在光照或在催化剂存在下侧链自由基氯化制得。 反应通常得到含氯化苄、二氯化苄和三氯甲苯的混合物,如控制反应条件(反应物之间配比、反应温度等)可得到其中一种作为主要的产品,再经分馏氯化产物,即得氯化苄。",
"title": "氯化苄"
},
{
"docid": "5730605#8",
"text": "这是N,N'-二甲基巴比妥酸、苯甲醛和乙烯基乙醚的多组分反应。使用催化剂,报道的化学产率为90%,反式异构体的百分比为70%。不加催化剂,产率下降到65%,只有50%反式产物。",
"title": "氯化铟"
},
{
"docid": "588862#8",
"text": "值得注意的是,这个反应的产物随着溶剂的不同而有所改变:如果反应的介质为醚类,则产物中氯所连的碳构型与反应物的保持不变;如果反应介质为吡啶,则产物中氯所连的碳构型相对于反应物的进行了一次翻转。",
"title": "氯化亚砜"
},
{
"docid": "82430#16",
"text": "铋的化学性质和砷、锑相似,常温下不与水及氧作用,因此,铋在空气中稳定。在加热至熔点时,铋表面逐渐生成灰黑色的氧化物。金属铋可以在一定条件下和卤素直接反应生成三卤化铋。高温下,金属铋能和很多非金属及金属生成三价铋的化合物,铋的还原电势为正值,即在电动序中位于氢后,所以铋不和非氧化性酸反应。铋能溶于热的浓硫酸中,也能顺利地和硝酸反应。与砷、锑不同,铋有生成含氧酸盐的明显趋势,如硫酸铋、硝酸铋、砷酸铋等。铋不和碱反应。",
"title": "铋"
},
{
"docid": "3812066#1",
"text": "氯化锎可由氧化锎和氯化氢气体反应得到。 氯化锎在加热(500℃)下,可以在HCl—HO的气流中发生水解,产生氯氧化锎。",
"title": "氯化锎"
},
{
"docid": "1052695#4",
"text": "反应副产氯化氢经水吸收可得盐酸;二氯化苄水解得苯甲醛。",
"title": "氯化苄"
},
{
"docid": "3812100#0",
"text": "氯化锫是一种无机化合物,化学式BkCl,有很强的放射性。它可由氧化锫和氯化氢气体在520 °C反应制得。它是六方晶体,与UCl同构。它在水溶液中和氯化铯、氯化钠反应,可以结晶出CsNaBkCl。",
"title": "氯化锫"
}
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5495005#0 | 有机化合物有哪些特点? | [
{
"docid": "2139#0",
"text": "有機化合物(;英語:organic compound、organic chemical),简称有机物,是含碳化合物。但有少數含碳,卻屬無機化合物,主要有以下三類:碳氧化物(如一氧化碳、二氧化碳)、碳酸鹽類、及氰化物。如碳酸、碳酸鹽、碳酸氢盐、氫氰酸、硫氰化物、氰酸、氰酸鹽、鹵化氰(如氯化氰)。有机化合物有时也可被定义为碳氫化合物及其衍生物的總稱。有机物是生命產生的物質基礎,例如生命的起源——胺基酸即為一有機化合物。Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh. Chemistry for Today: general, organic, and biochemistry. Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2004, p. 342. 碳、氫兩種元素,有些含氧,此外也常含有氮、磷、硫、鹵素等(以稀有氣體以外的非金屬元素為主)。在目前发现的有机物中,部分有機物來自生物圈,但絕大多數是以石油、天然氣、煤等作為原料,通過人工合成的方法製得。",
"title": "有机化合物"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "10405#0",
"text": "有机化学是研究有机化合物及有機物質的结构、性质、反應的学科,是化学中极重要的一个分支。有机化学研究的對象是以不同形式包含碳原子的物質,又称为碳化合物的化学。有關有机化合物或有機物質結構的研究包括用光譜、核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱或其他物理或化學方式來確認其組成的元素、組成方式、實驗式及化學式。有關性質的研究包括其物理性質及化學性質,也需評估其,目的是要了解有機物質在其純物質形式(若是可能的話),以及在溶液中或是混合物中的性質。有機反應的研究包括有機物質的製備(可能是有機合成或是其他方式),以及其化學反應,可能是在實驗室中的,或是In silico(經由電腦模擬的)。有机化学研究的範圍包括碳氫化合物,也就是只由碳和氫組成的化合物,化合物中也有可能还会参与其他的元素,包括氮、氧和卤素,还有诸如磷、硫等元素(以稀有氣體以外的非金屬元素為主,不包括類金屬元素硼、矽、鍺、砷、銻、碲、釙、砈)。 。有机化学和許多相關領域有重疊,包括药物化学、生物化学、有机金属化学、高分子化学以及材料科学等。有机化合物之所以引起研究者浓厚的兴趣,是因为碳原子可以形成稳定的长碳链或碳环以及许许多多种的官能基,这种性质造就有机化合物的多样性。有機化合物是所有碳基生物的基礎。有機化合物的應用範圍很廣,包括醫學、塑膠、藥物、、食物、化妆品、护理用品、炸藥及塗料等。",
"title": "有机化学"
},
{
"docid": "5023432#0",
"text": "有机锗化学是研究碳-锗键的化合物的化学分支。有机锗化合物有四烃基锗、锗杂碳环化合物、有机多锗烷、锗烯、锗炔,和它们的衍生物等。由于锗的原子半径和亲电性和硅有较大差异,因此其化合物和有机硅化合物有所不同。",
"title": "有机锗化学"
},
{
"docid": "895767#0",
"text": "有机磷化合物指含有碳-磷键的有机化合物,它們主要用於蟲害控制以作為長期存在於環境中的氯化烴、滴滴涕等替代物。研究有机磷化合物性质和反应的有机化学分支稱作有机磷化学。磷元素与氮同族,具有类似的价电子层结构,因此有机磷化合物的性质与有机含氮化合物有些相似。 但除了3\"s\"和3\"p\"轨道外,磷还可以用3\"d\"轨道成键,因此也存在很多特殊高价的有机磷化合物,它们都不存在对应的氮化合物。磷的电负性也小于氮,碱性较弱,因此形成化合物的性质也存在很多差别。",
"title": "有机磷化合物"
},
{
"docid": "85244#12",
"text": "由于镧元素的电子构型,镧化学往往不涉及π键合,因此有机镧化学非常有限。表征最好的有机镧化合物是三茂镧 La(CH)(由无水 LaCl 和NaCH在四氢呋喃里反应而成)以及它的甲基替代衍生物。",
"title": "镧"
},
{
"docid": "1359#9",
"text": "有機物質中主要的化學元素是碳,碳原子的特點是有很強的親合力可以和小原子鍵結,也可以和其他的碳原子鍵結,而且因為其體積小,可以同時和多個原子鍵結,因此是有機生物體的基礎。碳可以形成三個原子的簡單分子(二氧化碳),也可以形成有數千個原子,可以儲存資料的長鏈(核酸)。",
"title": "生物"
},
{
"docid": "1904012#0",
"text": "有机钯化学是有机金属化学的一个分支,是主要研究有机钯化合物与其反应的学科。钯常用于烯烃或炔烃发生氢化反应的催化剂。这类反应过程通常都涉及了钯-碳共价键的形成。钯化合物还主要用于碳-碳偶联反应中的催化剂,该反应属于串联反应的一种。与相邻的族元素不同的是,10族元素中的钯元素自身在有机化学中并不用于制备多种有机钯化合物,而是形成各种活性的有机钯中间体。需要注意的时,在大多数的反应中钯的使用只需催化量,这是由于反应中存在催化循环,钯催化剂在反应过程中会自动再生。",
"title": "有机钯化学"
},
{
"docid": "890929#0",
"text": "有机硫化合物(organosulfur compounds)指含有硫元素的有机化合物,有机硫化学即是研究有机硫化合物的有机化学分支。有机硫化合物广泛存在于自然界中,具有特征性的令人讨厌的气味(例如大蒜素),但少数也带甜味(例如糖精)。很多化石燃料,如煤、天然气、石油中,都含有一定数量的有机硫化合物,燃烧时会释放出有毒的二氧化硫气体。为避免污染,脱硫已成为石油炼制中很重要的一个环节。",
"title": "有机硫化学"
},
{
"docid": "76191#34",
"text": "有机镓化合物的反应性和有机铟化合物类似,比有机铝化合物的活性低,但比有机铊化合物的活性高。烷基镓是单体。硼族元素的有机化合物的路易斯酸性以 Al > Ga > In 递减,因此有机镓化合物不和有机铝化合物一样形成桥接二聚体。有机镓化合物可以形成稳定的过氧化物。烷基镓在室温下为液态,熔点低且容易燃烧。三苯基镓在溶液中为单体,但它的结晶由于分子间的Ga···C 相互作用而形成链状结构。",
"title": "镓"
},
{
"docid": "7454341#0",
"text": "有机碲化合物是含有碳-碲键的有机化合物,而有机碲化学则是研究有机碲化合物的学科。有机碲化学是在有机硒化学之后发展起来的。尽管硒和碲在元素周期表中都是氧族元素,但考虑到氧族元素-碳键中极性的逆转,有机硒化合物和有机碲化合物的化学性质却大不相同。",
"title": "有机碲化合物"
}
] | [
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] |
584701#0 | 诺贝尔物理学奖获得者都有谁? | [
{
"docid": "958812#0",
"text": "诺贝尔物理学奖是诺贝尔奖的六个奖项之一,由瑞典皇家科学院每年颁发给在物理科学领域做出杰出贡献的科学家。根据阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗愿,该奖由诺贝尔基金会管理,由瑞典皇家科学院选出5名成员组成一个委员会来评选出获奖者。诺贝尔物理学奖於1901年第一次頒發,由德国的威廉·伦琴獲得。每个获奖者会得到一块奖牌,一份获奖证书,以及一笔不菲的奖金,奖金的数额每年会有变化。1901年,伦琴得到150,782瑞典克朗,相当于2007年12月的7,731,004瑞典克朗。2008年,三位获奖者(小林诚、益川敏英和南部阳一郎)分享了总额为1千万瑞典克朗的奖金(略多于100万欧元,或140万美元)。该奖每年于12月10日,即阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔逝世周年纪念日,以隆重的仪式在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅颁发。",
"title": "诺贝尔物理学奖得主列表"
},
{
"docid": "583244#21",
"text": "至今,一共有14名诺贝尔奖得主在维尔茨堡大学进行过科研和教学工作,其中包括德国著名物理学家威廉·康拉德·伦琴, 他因在维尔茨堡大学物理研究所发现了X射线,成为了全球第一位诺贝尔物理学奖得主。在维尔茨堡大学获得博士学位的物理学家克劳斯·冯·克利青,因为发现了量子霍尔效应在1985年也获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。",
"title": "维尔茨堡大学"
},
{
"docid": "661462#4",
"text": "量子色动力学领域的第一项诺贝尔物理学奖,在2004年授予了三位美国物理学家戴维·格娄斯、休·波利策和弗朗克·韦尔切克,以表彰他们发现强相互作用理论中的渐近自由现象,他们对夸克力的计算却得益于弗里奇此前所作出的基础性贡献,他与导师盖尔曼一同开创了量子色动力学,而盖尔曼在此前因对基本粒子的分类及其相互作用的发现,已经获得过1969年的诺贝尔物理学奖。弗里奇对于诺贝尔物理学奖没有授予量子色动力学的发现而感到惋惜:“作为一个诺贝尔奖得主的学生,虽然会有很好的前途,但也因此难以再获得诺贝尔奖。”(德国《时代》周报,DIE ZEIT 07.10.2004 Nr.42)",
"title": "哈拉尔德·弗里奇"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1861#0",
"text": "诺贝尔物理学奖获得者名单包含更多的20世纪以及21世纪著名物理学家。",
"title": "物理学家列表"
},
{
"docid": "907930#2",
"text": "自20世纪后,有许多诺贝尔奖获得者也获得了科普利獎章,包括17位物理学奖获得者,21位生理学或医学奖获得者以及14位化学奖获得者,共计52位(截止2013年)。1976年,多萝西·霍奇金成为第一位也是唯一一位(截止2013年)获得过科普利獎章的女性。",
"title": "科普利獎章"
},
{
"docid": "958812#1",
"text": "约翰·巴丁是唯一两次获得该奖的得主,他于1956年和1972年獲獎。威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格是至今最年轻的诺贝尔物理学奖奖得主,也是诺贝尔三项科学奖项中的最年轻得主,他在1915年获奖时仅有25岁。 至今共有四位女性获得过该奖,分别是玛丽·居里(1903年)、玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶(1963年)、唐娜·斯特里克蘭(2018年)和安德烈娅·盖兹(2020年)。在六个诺贝尔奖项中,这是女性获奖人次第二少的奖项(只多於僅二位女性得主的諾貝爾經濟學獎)。截至2020年,共有216人获得过该奖。诺贝尔物理学奖有6年因故停发(1916、1931、1934、1940-1942年),有8年延遲一年頒發(1917、1918、1921、1924、1925、1928、1932、1943年)。",
"title": "诺贝尔物理学奖得主列表"
},
{
"docid": "1174721#1",
"text": "就获奖领域而言,有至少25名获奖者在有机化学研究中做出贡献,比其他化学领域的获奖者都多。有两位诺贝尔化学奖获奖者,德国的里夏德·库恩(1938年获奖)和阿道夫·布特南特(1939年获奖),受其政府阻止不能接受奖金。他们虽然后来收到了奖牌和获奖证书,但没有收到奖金。弗雷德里克·桑格是至今唯一一位两次(1958年和1980年)获得诺贝尔化学奖的科学家。其他两次获得诺贝尔奖的玛丽·居里(1903年获物理学奖,1911年获化学奖)和萊納斯·鮑林(1954年获化学奖,1962年获和平奖)都是在不同领域获奖。有七位女性获得过化学奖:玛丽·居里、伊雷娜·约里奥-居里(1935年获奖)、多萝西·克劳福特·霍奇金(1964年获奖)、阿达·约纳特(2009年获奖)、弗朗西斯·阿諾德(2018年獲獎)、埃玛纽埃勒·沙尔庞捷和珍妮弗·道德纳(2020年獲獎)。截至2020年,已经有185人获得诺贝尔化学奖。从1901年至今,该奖有8年因故停发(1916、1917、1919、1924、1933、1940-1942年),有9年延遲一年頒發(1914、1918、1920、1921、1925、1927、1938、1943、1944年)。\"[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system\" \"[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds\" \"[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him\" \"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation\" \"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances\" \"[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction\" \"[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds\" \"[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\" \"for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent\" \"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals\" \"[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry\" \"[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements\" \"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll\" \"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements\" \"[for] his work in thermochemistry\" \"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes\" \"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule\" \"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances\"",
"title": "诺贝尔化学奖得主列表"
},
{
"docid": "1019054#1",
"text": "2001年,JILA有2名教授获得诺贝尔物理学奖,分别是埃里克·康奈尔和卡尔·威曼;2005年约翰·霍尔也获得诺贝尔物理学奖。",
"title": "实验天体物理联合研究所"
},
{
"docid": "52073#12",
"text": "阿西莫夫还大胆预测,如果莫塞莱不是在当年牺牲的话,那么极有可能被授予1916年度的诺贝尔物理学奖(该年度的物理学奖和化学奖最终都未颁出)。事实上,过往的两届(1914、1915)和之后的一届(1917)的物理学奖的获奖情况也可以佐证阿西莫夫的猜想。1914年的诺奖颁发给了德国物理学家马克斯·冯·劳厄,以表彰他发现的晶体中X射线的衍射现象。这一成果直接决定了X射线光电子能谱的诞生。紧接着的1915年,英国的威廉·亨利·布拉格和威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格这一对父子因为利用X射线观测晶体结构这一技术获得了当年的诺贝尔物理学奖。此后,莫塞莱利用X射线衍射实验测量了多种金属元素的X射线波长。这是X射线光电子能谱的首次利用,也是创立X射线晶体学的关键一步。此外,莫塞莱有关原子序数的研究和分析是当时物理学上的重大突破。基于这些前人的研究成果,1917年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者查尔斯·巴克拉因其对多种金属元素中发现的X射线衍射现象的发现而得奖。莫塞莱的研究领域与上述几位获奖的物理学同行属于同一领域,而且他对原子序数的发现所带来的影响更为深远。欧内斯特·卢瑟福如此评价莫塞莱的成绩:“他研究生涯起步的这两年的研究已经足以为他带来一座诺贝尔奖杯。”",
"title": "亨利·莫塞莱"
},
{
"docid": "6795433#3",
"text": "截至2018年,共有20位亚洲人获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,其中日本人最多,有11位。 截至2019年,共有17位亚洲人获得了诺贝尔化学奖,其中日本人最多,有8位。 截至2018年,共有7位亚洲人获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,其中日本人最多,有5位。",
"title": "亚洲诺贝尔奖得主列表"
}
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53897#0 | 南宋首都在哪里? | [
{
"docid": "2980#9",
"text": "南宋建炎三年(1129年),金兵南下,建炎南渡,宋高宗改江宁府为建康府,建康一度定為南宋首都,1138年宋高宗正式定都臨安(杭州)後,改为江南東路首府,設為陪都并设行宫,建康雖然並非南宋行在,但終南宋一代一直是南宋的軍事最前線。元朝時,改為集慶路,是当时东南纺织业的中心。",
"title": "南京市"
},
{
"docid": "926773#9",
"text": "南宋首都临安城垣在吴越城的基础上增修,有十三座旱门和五座水门,城市平面很好的结合了较为复杂的地形,但道路系统较为杂乱。其宫城在城南凤凰山东,原为吴越时府台所在的子城,周围9里,南有丽正门,北有和宁门,宫殿规模比北宋开封小,最高行政机关三省六部位于和宁门以内,比较集中,其他行政机构则较为分散。全城被划分为八个厢(厢为行政及治安管理的地区单位,城外尚有两厢),共有六十八个坊,但是由于城市范围无法适应快速增长的人口,臨安城的拥挤程度与开封类似。",
"title": "宋朝建筑"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "25658#9",
"text": "南京为东吴、东晋、劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳、楊吳(933-937年作为首都)、南唐、南宋(1129-1138年为实际首都)、明、太平天国、中华民国共12朝代首都。随着1912年北洋政府的建立,由南京迁都北京。1927年国民政府北伐胜利后,复定都南京。抗日戰爭期间,1937年国民政府迁往重庆,陪都重庆为临时首都。1945年抗战胜利后,國民政府還都南京。1949年蔣中正領導中华民国政府撤退到台灣,台北市成为实际的中华民国首都。中华民国政府传统上认为南京仍为中华民国理论上的正式首都,但在《中华民国宪法》中没有明定首都,所以南京并非中华民国的“法定首都”。2000年民進黨執政後,總統、行政院長、台北市長等都在公開場合口頭表示過台北市是中華民國首都。2002年起,中華民國所出版之大陸地區地圖已改依現況處理,因而為將南京註記為江蘇省省會。",
"title": "中国首都"
},
{
"docid": "6893#12",
"text": "在南宋和金朝对峙时期,南阳曾作为前线,几度易手。岳飞北上抗金途经南阳卧龙岗,在南阳武侯祠手书诸葛武侯《前后出师表》,以示收复失地之决心。自北宋开始,处在关中(西安)、河洛(洛阳)和江汉(荆州)三大地域中心的南阳,由于受到当时政治中心东移和江汉地区的中心城市从江陵转向武汉的影响,失去了秦汉时期的辉煌。",
"title": "南阳市"
},
{
"docid": "4293863#164",
"text": "2015年7月31日,王曉波上民視談話性節目,被主持人問到「我國的首都到底是在哪裡」,王曉波回答說「我國的首都是在南京,但是我們目前在台灣地區的首都是台北。」來賓回應,這與現實不同,王曉波插話回稱,解決方法為「那你修憲」,此回應引發爭論。五五憲草與中華民國憲法中皆未規定中華民國首都在南京,針對這一點,王曉波則堅持,南京為中華民國首都的歷史事實不可改變,除非修憲,同時否認曾說過「根據《中華民國憲法》,我國首都在南京」。名嘴黃智賢在臉書上以「歷史教科書,毛骨悚然的真相」為題發文指出,王曉波明明說的是「中華民國首都為南京,現在在有效統治地區,首都為台北。」這句話是正確的,但造謠王曉波曾說「首都在南京」。名嘴黃智賢並批評「台獨如果不造謠,就不叫台獨了」。",
"title": "臺灣高中課程綱要微調案"
},
{
"docid": "6105745#0",
"text": "宋国故城位于中华人民共和国河南省商丘市睢阳区商丘古城(原商丘县县城)东北,因座落于古睢水之南又名睢阳城,1994年至1997年由美籍华人张光直和中美联合考古队发掘并确认为周朝宋国故城,2000年被列为河南省文物保护单位,2006年被列为第六批全国重点文物保护单位。",
"title": "宋国故城"
},
{
"docid": "427#24",
"text": "北宋时首都位于东京城。此时的河南地域属于京西南路、京西北路和开封府路。北宋末期的开封府东京城,又称汴梁、汴京(今开封),人口有一百多万,成為当时世界上最大、人口最多、最繁榮和最壯麗的城市,宋徽宗宣和年間的画家张择端的清明上河图,即描绘了当时东京城的繁华和壮丽,生动记录了中国十二世纪城市生活的面貌。",
"title": "河南省"
},
{
"docid": "3148037#0",
"text": "宋城是杭州市西湖西南方的一个主题公园,位于西湖区之江路148号。2011年接待游客600万人次,是中国最大的宋朝文化主题公园之一(开封有清明上河园)。由杭州宋城旅游发展股份有限公司(宋城集团旗下)投资、开发和经营。",
"title": "宋城"
},
{
"docid": "146233#11",
"text": "南京位於中國華東,曾是中國史上六朝古都,亦是現今唯一與北京共享「京」稱號的城市,南京是中國唯一不像大城市的一線城市,南京曾是中國南方的政治文化中心,但現今被鄰近的蘇州與上海奪去她的光輝、文化與經濟地位,但南京始終有着厚重的文化底蘊和豐富的歷史遺存,是中國首批國家歷史文化名城和全國重點風景旅遊城市。南京的歷史原因以及地理因素成為了中國重要的國家綜合性交通和通信樞紐城市、華東區域中心城市。",
"title": "南京中医药大学"
},
{
"docid": "407652#11",
"text": "南唐(937年—975年)在金陵建都,称江宁府。南唐金陵城的范围,南到今中华门,西到今水西门和汉中门,北到今珠江路北门桥,东到大中桥。今天的内桥就是南唐皇宫大内正门前的桥梁,中华路就是当时的御道和城市的中轴线。宋朝以后南京城市就是在南唐金陵城的基础上逐步扩建而成。北宋降江宁府为昇州,后又升为江宁府,南宋改称建康府,为江南东路首府。元朝时为集庆路。",
"title": "南京历史"
}
] | [
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119027#0 | 中国有哪些知名动画导演? | [
{
"docid": "75949#71",
"text": "2010年04月29日,中国规模最大、展品最丰富、内容最权威的动漫专业博物馆——中国动漫博物馆正式破土动工。著名动画艺术家严定宪、林文肖、曲建方、蔡渊澜、周克勤、阎善春,日本著名漫画家尾田荣一郎,香港著名漫画家黄玉郎,以及香港漫画协会等代表向中国动漫博物馆捐赠近百件藏品;以及20世纪七八十年代中国国产动画片《大闹天宫》、《阿凡提》的珍贵原稿,也被收藏进动漫博物馆。",
"title": "Cosplay"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "4039807#0",
"text": "戴铁郎,广东省惠州市惠阳区人,生于新加坡,中华人民共和国画家,中国著名动画片艺术家和一级导演。现任国际动画协会会员、中国美术家协会会员、中国动画学会理事以及中央电视台动画部艺术顾问,享受国务院终身制待遇。",
"title": "戴铁郎"
},
{
"docid": "6584256#1",
"text": "1953年毕业于北京电影学校动画系后,担任上海美术电影制片厂一级导演,并担任中国动画协会副会长,是中国剪纸动画创始人之一。职业生涯期间创作出《葫芦兄弟》、《渔童》、《金色的海螺》、《人参娃娃》、《鹬蚌相争》等脍炙人口的动画作品。",
"title": "胡进庆"
},
{
"docid": "56611#64",
"text": "电影人阵容也不断庞大, 吸纳来自五湖四海的各界精英。一大批新晋导演,如彭浩翔、黄真真、郭子健、伍健雄、翁子光、麦曦茵、萧定一、毕国智、钟澍佳、吴彦祖、林子聪、黄精甫、曾国祥、叶念琛、云翔、彭氏兄弟、麦婉欣、郑思杰、岸西、孙立基、洪荣杰、深泽宽、崔允信、郑思杰、莊文強、麦兆辉、郑保瑞等在不断尝试实验开创之后,开始自成一格、走向成熟,连同老一辈的新浪潮导演如许鞍华、杜琪峰、徐克、刘镇伟、王晶、刘伟强、陈嘉上、陈德森、罗启锐、张婉婷、尔冬升、陈可辛、岑建勋、甘国亮、程小东、方平、黄百鸣、曾志伟、麦兆辉、吴思远、张同祖、张艾嘉等创作力依然旺盛的电影界支柱,一起迸发出新世纪香港电影的光彩,并继续发光发热,使得香港电影业再次人才济济、精英云集。而幕前更加精彩,很多阔别影坛的“老中青”演员再次复出,与新星如李治廷、周秀娜、罗仲谦、周柏豪、angelababy、彭罡原、梁洛施、薛凯琪、房祖名、农夫、陳奐仁、杜宇航、王祖蓝、黄宗泽、林峯、徐子珊、陈法拉、吴千语、吴卓羲、胡杏兒等一同闪耀大银幕,带来不一样的激情和清新气色,掀起自八十年代香港电影新浪潮后,新一波电影旋风,这股新的电影潮流立足香港本土,以锐意创新的电影方式征服观众,并席卷两岸三地、世界各地。香港电影业以成熟的制作机制和人才,再次成为华人地区的创意之都。",
"title": "香港電影"
},
{
"docid": "5581693#57",
"text": "电影人阵容也不断庞大, 吸纳来自五湖四海的各界精英。一大批新晋导演,如彭浩翔、黄真真、郭子健、伍健雄、翁子光、黃修平、麦曦茵、萧定一、毕国智、钟澍佳、吴彦祖、林子聪、黄精甫、曾国祥、叶念琛、云翔、彭氏兄弟、麦婉欣、郑思杰、岸西、孙立基、洪荣杰、深泽宽、崔允信、郑思杰、莊文強、麦兆辉、郑保瑞等在不断尝试实验开创之后,开始自成一格、走向成熟,连同老一辈的新浪潮导演如许鞍华、杜琪峰、徐克、刘镇伟、王晶、刘伟强、陈嘉上、陈德森、罗启锐、张婉婷、尔冬升、陈可辛、岑建勋、甘国亮、程小东、方平、黄百鸣、曾志伟、麦兆辉、吴思远、张同祖、张艾嘉等创作力依然旺盛的电影界支柱,一起迸发出新世纪香港电影的光彩,并继续发光发热,使得香港电影业再次人才济济、精英云集。而幕前更加精彩,很多阔别影坛的“老中青”演员再次复出,与新星如李治廷、周秀娜、罗仲谦、周柏豪、angelababy、彭罡原、梁洛施、薛凯琪、房祖名、农夫、陳奐仁、杜宇航、王祖蓝、黄宗泽、林峯、徐子珊、陈法拉、吴千语、吴卓羲等一同闪耀大银幕,带来不一样的激情和清新气色,掀起自八十年代香港电影新浪潮后,新一波电影旋风,这股新的电影潮流立足香港本土,以锐意创新的电影方式征服观众,并席卷两岸三地、世界各地。香港电影业以成熟的制作机制和人才,再次成为华人地区的创意之都。",
"title": "香港电影史"
},
{
"docid": "5592448#0",
"text": "刘健(),江苏人,中国动画电影导演、编剧,1993年毕业于南京艺术学院美术专业。1995年开始进入动画片领域并创作了一系列短片。2007年成立南京乐无边动画设计工作室。",
"title": "刘健 (导演)"
},
{
"docid": "19861#67",
"text": "电影人阵容也不断庞大, 吸纳来自五湖四海的各界精英。一大批新晋导演,如彭浩翔、黄真真、郭子健、伍健雄、翁子光、麦曦茵、萧定一、毕国智、钟澍佳、吴彦祖、林子聪、黄精甫、曾国祥、叶念琛、云翔、彭氏兄弟、麦婉欣、郑思杰、岸西、孙立基、洪荣杰、深泽宽、崔允信、郑思杰、莊文強、麦兆辉、郑保瑞等在不断尝试实验开创之后,开始自成一格、走向成熟,连同老一辈的导演如许鞍华、杜琪峰、徐克、刘镇伟、王晶、刘伟强、陈嘉上、陈德森、罗启锐、张婉婷、尔冬升、陈可辛、岑建勋、甘国亮、程小东、方平、黄百鸣、曾志伟、麦兆辉、吴思远、张同祖、张艾嘉等创作力依然旺盛的电影界支柱,一起迸发出新世纪香港电影的光彩,并继续发光发热,使得香港电影业再次人才济济、精英云集。而幕前更加精彩,很多阔别影坛的“老中青”演员再次复出,与新星如李治廷、钟嘉欣,周秀娜、罗仲谦、陈伟霆、周柏豪、angelababy、彭罡原、梁洛施、薛凯琪、房祖名、农夫、陳奐仁、杜宇航、王祖蓝、黄宗泽、林峰、徐子珊、陈法拉等一同闪耀大银幕,带来不一样的激情和清新气色,掀起自八十年代香港电影新浪潮后,新一波电影旋风,这股新的电影潮流立足香港本土,以锐意创新的电影方式征服观众,并席卷两岸三地、世界各地。",
"title": "華語電影"
},
{
"docid": "1559523#1",
"text": "自1905年中国电影诞生到2005年(截止至2004年12月)出演过中国电影的演员,中国大陆、香港、台湾等两岸三地的演员均在候选中。上官云珠、于洋、于蓝、王人美、王丹凤、冯喆、田方、白杨、石挥、刘琼、孙道临、阮玲玉、吴茵、吴楚帆、张平、张瑞芳、李纬、陈强、周璇、金山、金焰、胡蝶、赵丹、项堃、秦怡、袁牧之、陶金、黄宗英、舒適、舒绣文、谢添、蓝马、鲍方、黎莉莉、魏鹤龄(共35人)",
"title": "中国电影百年百位优秀演员"
},
{
"docid": "3222891#0",
"text": "刘艺出生于吉林省吉林市,毕业于解放军艺术学院,为中国大陆知名动画片配音演员代表作有《小神仙和小仙女》《蓝皮鼠大脸猫》《小虎还乡》等。",
"title": "刘艺 (配音演员)"
},
{
"docid": "1641469#0",
"text": "陈家林,男,出生于江苏南京,中国大陸导演。其导演的知名电视剧有《武则天》、《唐明皇》、《康熙王朝》等,他擅长于将各种历史元素融入到电视剧中去,能驾驭重大历史题材,有“中国第一历史剧导演”之称。",
"title": "陈家林"
}
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] |
136026#0 | 瑞典现任国王是谁? | [
{
"docid": "136014#0",
"text": "古斯塔夫·阿道夫(Gustaf Adolf,Gustaf Adolf Oscar Fredrik Arthur Edmund,),過世時為瑞典王位第二順位继承人,西博滕公爵,因意外早逝未能成为瑞典国王。其子卡尔十六世·古斯塔夫为现任瑞典国王。",
"title": "古斯塔夫·阿道夫亲王"
},
{
"docid": "204186#2",
"text": "現任瑞典君主為卡爾十六世·古斯塔夫國王,他屬於伯納多特王朝,但也有瓦薩王朝的血統。他与欧洲目前在位的所有王室都有血缘关系。",
"title": "瑞典君主"
},
{
"docid": "7197#24",
"text": "瑞典是君主立憲制國家,卡爾十六世·古斯塔夫是現任瑞典國王,僅履行代表性或禮儀性職責,不干預議會和政府工作。",
"title": "瑞典"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7058237#0",
"text": "埃克塞尔·古斯塔夫松·乌克森谢纳( )瑞典政治家、成员、宰相,国王古斯塔夫二世和克里斯蒂娜女王密友,普鲁士总督,被认为是瑞典历史上最重要的人物之一,曾在三十年战争中起到重要作用,瑞典现代中央行政制度包括省份制度的奠基人。",
"title": "埃克塞尔·乌克森谢纳"
},
{
"docid": "130205#6",
"text": "根據瑞典王国宪法,國王是虚位元首,其地位纯粹是代表性和禮儀性的。他代表瑞典对外国进行國事訪問并接待对瑞典的访问、主持瑞典国會每年的开会仪式、在政府更迭期間主持特別委員會、根据法规向委員會與大臣提出咨询意见、主持外交事務委員會的會議,接受和簽署外国使节的国书和簽署瑞典對其它國家的国书。國王名义上还是瑞典三军的統帥權。",
"title": "卡尔十六世·古斯塔夫"
},
{
"docid": "204186#1",
"text": "作为国家元首,瑞典君主并无实权,仅具象征意义。根据1974年瑞典宪法,君主与政治无关,不得干政,也没有正式权力。国王主要行使礼仪性和代表性职责。瑞典君主亦是每年诺贝尔奖的颁发者。",
"title": "瑞典君主"
},
{
"docid": "68474#1",
"text": "有史記載的第一位國王是胜利者埃里克,之前的早期國王稱為「神話國王」(),但下表列出的初期國王也並非完全確定。斯滕和菲里普之間、小英格和老斯渥克爾之間的數據都不確定,有些國王和聲索王位者的名字可能已亡佚。",
"title": "瑞典君主列表"
},
{
"docid": "204186#0",
"text": "瑞典君主是瑞典王國的國家元首。瑞典奉行君主立憲制,實行代議民主的議會制,故此君主雖然擁有瑞典最高官職和軍階,但只是負責國家禮儀的虛君。1810年的《繼承法案》指定來自法國的伯納多特家族為瑞典王室,也規定國王(言外之意,包括女王)必須為信義宗瑞典教會的新教徒。",
"title": "瑞典君主"
},
{
"docid": "206919#8",
"text": "一个月后,1388年3月,瑞典帝国议会也选举玛格丽特为女王()。当时的瑞典国王是阿爾伯特,但是阿爾伯特与瑞典议会之间的矛盾重重。在瑞典有势力的贵族的支持下玛格丽特向阿爾伯特开战。1389年2月她在斯科訥最终击败了阿爾伯特。",
"title": "玛格丽特一世"
},
{
"docid": "68474#0",
"text": "此列表列出10世紀末以來,所有曾擔任瑞典王國統治者(包括國王、女王、攝政、國家執政)的人。雖然瑞典一千多年來都是君主國,但不同朝代的君主有不同形式和實權,瑞典的領土也有不同,甚至連國家名稱「瑞典」()也隨着語言演化而改變。",
"title": "瑞典君主列表"
}
] | [
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1149438#0 | 傣族分布在中国哪些省份? | [
{
"docid": "825#3",
"text": "根據中華人民共和國2010年人口普查,中國内地31个省级行政区内有傣族人口1,261,311(一百二十六万一千三百一十一)人,位列第19大民族。在中国内地,傣族主要聚居於雲南省西双版纳傣族自治州和德宏傣族景颇族自治州以及耿马、孟连、新平、元江、景谷、金平、双江等县,在保山、鎮沅、瀾滄、元陽、彌勒、馬關等地也有傣族民眾散居。另外四川省凉山州会理县新安乡也是傣族聚居地。一部分南下到越南、緬甸與老撾北部。",
"title": "傣族"
},
{
"docid": "825#1",
"text": "中国大陸境内的傣族,包括有傣泐(云南西双版纳、普洱)、傣阮(云南西双版纳,有几个村寨是傣阮村寨,而傣阮的主体主要位于泰国北部,此外还有老挝北部、缅甸掸邦)、傣龙(即掸族,缅甸掸邦云南德宏)、黑泰(云南金平)、(云南普洱,的主体主要位于缅甸掸邦景栋)等等。佤族对傣族称呼为“Siam”。",
"title": "傣族"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "937373#0",
"text": "傣那(傣那语:ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ,国际音标:)是傣族的一个支系,缅甸将其划为掸族的支系,人口约65万。其中28万分布在中国云南省的德宏傣族景颇族自治州,26万分布在普洱市、临沧市和保山市,其余主要分布在缅甸掸邦、老挝北部和泰国北部等地。住竹楼的自称傣德(傣那语:ᥖᥭᥰᥖᥬᥲ,国际音标:,意思是下方傣族)、傣绷,他称“水傣”;住平房的自称傣那或傣勒(傣那语:ᥖᥭᥰᥘᥫᥴ,国际音标:,意思是上方傣族;傣仂语:ᦺᦑᦟᦵᦄᦲ,国际音标:),他称“汉傣”。傣那语属于侗台语族台语支,和掸语十分接近。",
"title": "傣那"
},
{
"docid": "7583312#20",
"text": "20世纪50年代初期进行社会调查时,将勐卯傣族分为汉傣和水傣,水傣分布在勐卯城至弄岛一带,汉傣分布在勐卯城至混板一带,城内傣族及土司家族均是汉傣。汉傣与水傣的划分方式现已弃用,取而代之的是傣勒、傣卯与傣德,傣勒对应原汉傣,是汉化程度较高的傣族,傣卯和傣德对应原水傣,傣卯是勐卯世居傣族,傣德是缅甸迁入的傣族。",
"title": "勐卯土司"
},
{
"docid": "2753368#1",
"text": "在中國境内,他們被认为是傣族分支。",
"title": "傣担"
},
{
"docid": "888986#0",
"text": "傣端语,又称傣皓语、白傣语、金平傣语,是台语支的西南语群的一种语言。與泰語、傣担语關係密切。说这种语言的人自称傣端或傣皓。主要分布在越南(28万)和老挝(20万)。中国也有一些,主要在金平县勐拉区。在越南为泰族的一支——白泰,在中国为傣族的一支——白傣。",
"title": "傣端语"
},
{
"docid": "1448567#0",
"text": "德昂语(),原称崩龙语,缅甸、泰国称巴朗语(,),是德昂族的民族通用语言,约有50万人使用,主要分布在缅甸的掸邦、克钦邦。在中国云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州和临沧市有1万多人使用,在泰国的北部省份也有5000人使用。在中国的德昂族由于长期与周边他族交往,多数兼通他族语言(傣语、汉语、景颇语、佤语),其中以傣语和汉语为主。在潞西县甚至有许多德昂族民被傣化、汉化,不会德昂语,完全改用傣语(傣那语)或汉语(西南官话)。这些地区的德昂语中亦掺杂许多傣语、汉语借词。缅甸、泰国境内的德昂族分别兼通缅甸语和泰语。德昂语系属南亚语系孟-高棉语族佤语支。中国境内另一跨境少数民族佤族的佤语接近德昂语,与布朗族的布朗语同属一个语支,与越南语有远亲关系。标准德昂语以使用人数为多的缅甸掸邦的语音为代表,而中国和泰国境内的德昂族没有实际的标准语音,在书写文字方面采用缅甸德昂语正文法。",
"title": "德昂语"
},
{
"docid": "924258#1",
"text": "傣泐原先居住在勐泐,今中国云南的西双版纳傣族自治州、老挝丰沙里省、缅甸掸邦勐永一带;现在主要居住在中国云南西双版纳、缅甸掸邦、老挝北部、泰国北部和越南萊州省等地。在中国被划为傣族的一支,又称西双版纳傣。在泰国則是泰族的一支,居住在泰国北部的泐人,和傣阮(Tai Yuan)、傣龙(Tai Yai/Shan)、痕人(Tai Khun)一起,被称为“兰纳泰/ล้านนาไทย”,拥有独特的服饰和文化,有别于泰国中部的暹罗泰人。",
"title": "傣仂"
},
{
"docid": "1919299#0",
"text": "傣亮,他称红傣,是越南與老撾一個台語民族,中华人民共和国境内分布于云南省河口瑶族自治县和马关县。",
"title": "傣亮"
},
{
"docid": "5369353#1",
"text": "傣亮人主要分布於越南的清化省,乂安省與和平省,人數約10万人。",
"title": "傣亮语"
}
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7067011#0 | 那些国家有迪士尼乐园? | [
{
"docid": "105407#2",
"text": "本条目介绍的是歷史最悠久、全球第一座的迪士尼樂園,位于美國加州洛杉矶的元祖迪士尼乐园。建成于1955年7月17日,1971年,耗时十年的另外一座美國佛罗里达州迪士尼(華特迪士尼世界度假區)建成;另外,其他冠有“迪士尼乐园”之名的迪士尼主题乐园还有:1983年建成的东京迪士尼乐园,1992年建成的巴黎迪士尼乐园,2005年9月12日开幕的香港迪士尼乐园,和2016年開幕的上海迪士尼樂園。",
"title": "迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "335717#5",
"text": "美國小鎮大街(Main Street, U.S.A.)是進出樂園的地方,顯示出18世紀初的歐洲殖民者在美国建造建筑物的風情。探險世界(Adventureland)。巴黎迪士尼乐园的探险世界是介于美国、日本、香港的探险世界和上海市迪士尼的探险世界两者之间的风格。和上海迪士尼一样,没有其他迪士尼所拥有的经典项目『丛林巡游』,但是却有潜水艇和海盗船;但是和上海迪士尼不一样的是,上海没有潜水艇、而且海盗船也是《加勒比海盗》里面的海盗船,而巴黎的海盗船是小飞侠《彼得潘》里面虎克船长的海盗船。另外,巴黎的探险世界里面还有一个做成过山车形式的印第安纳琼斯,和元祖迪士尼乐园、东京迪士尼海洋的印第安纳琼斯完全不同。另外,把巴黎的加勒比海盗的顺序,和其所有迪士尼加勒比海盗的场景顺序都不同。邊域世界(Frontierland)。此处有巴黎迪士尼在全球迪士尼的范围中引以为傲的巨雷山铁路和幽灵公馆,巴黎版本的巨雷山铁路是所有迪士尼乐园中最大、最长、速度最快的;巴黎版本的幽灵公馆是所有迪士尼乐园中最恐怖、时间最长的,还加入了“法国殖民者的女儿,在得不到心爱的男人之后自杀,化身为恐怖新娘,袭击法国在美国的殖民小镇,让镇民全部死光而变为鬼城”的场景。幻想世界(Fantasyland)是一個充滿想象、希望和夢想的地方,以各迪士尼曾演繹的童話為主題。巴黎版本的幻想世界对比其他迪士尼乐园。非常多次的使用粉红色和金色,呈现出欧洲的奢华感。",
"title": "巴黎迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "3258513#1",
"text": "上海迪士尼乐园是世界第六座、亞洲第三座、中國第二座、中國內地第一座迪士尼樂園。从单体面积来说,上海迪士尼樂園的單體面積是世界所有迪士尼樂園中最大的,相當於東京迪士尼樂園的2倍、香港迪士尼樂園的3倍;但是以整个度假区来说,上海迪士尼度假区是世界所有迪士尼度假区当中只是第3大的,排在美國的迪士尼世界和巴黎迪士尼度假區之後。",
"title": "上海迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "20643#5",
"text": "迪士尼的酒店及相关多元化控股企业包括:华特迪士尼乐园及度假区(包含洛杉矶迪士尼乐园度假区、奥兰多华特·迪士尼世界度假区、迪士尼邮轮、和)、東京迪士尼度假區、巴黎迪士尼樂園度假區、香港迪士尼樂園度假區和上海迪士尼度假區。",
"title": "华特迪士尼公司"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "105407#1",
"text": "加州迪士尼乐园是世界唯一由華特·迪士尼亲手设计和創辦的迪士尼樂園,虽然是第二小的迪士尼度假區(最小为香港迪士尼度假區),却拥有世界迪士尼樂園中最多的游乐设施,同時不会让人觉得拥挤,它的整体规划和人潮动线构造地极其巧妙;而且加州迪士尼樂園的建築面積一直在不斷的變化,一開始為28公頃、後來不斷擴建,在2019年星球大戰:銀河邊緣建成後比美國神奇王國和日本東京迪士尼樂園的面積更大,為52.4公頃。加州迪士尼從2008年開始一直是世界上第二人數多的主題樂園(第一名同為迪士尼管轄的神奇王國),人數遠超第三名的東京迪士尼樂園以及是隔壁加州冒險樂園的三倍有餘 。",
"title": "迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "40926#1",
"text": "香港迪士尼樂園為第五座與亞洲第二座以神奇王國為主題的迪士尼樂園,開園之初僅有28公頃,但經過第一輪和第二轮擴建計劃後,現面積已達35公頃;目前香港迪士尼正在進行第三輪擴建中。香港迪士尼是世界上以神奇王國為主題的迪士尼樂園中,最小的迪士尼乐园,目前共由七個園區所組成。香港迪士尼乐园擁有世界上所有迪士尼樂園中最大的「探險世界」園區,兩個全球獨有園區「灰熊山谷」和「迷離莊園」,以及全球最大的3D無縫銀幕來表演「米奇幻想曲」。",
"title": "香港迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "3258513#8",
"text": "全球所有的迪士尼乐园都拥有「梦幻世界」(Fantasyland)區域,上海迪士尼樂園中包含新版本的「梦幻世界」(Fantasyland)區域。樂園的城堡名為「奇幻童话城堡」(Enchanted Storybook Castle),在《海洋奇緣》之前所有的迪士尼公主都在此出現,是所有迪士尼樂園城堡中最具互動性的一座。",
"title": "上海迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "68499#6",
"text": "东京迪士尼的游客“人数”雖然不及美国的加州迪士尼和佛州迪士尼,但是因为日本有有卖“土特产、伴手礼”的习惯,所以实际经营“所得”是远超美国;并且日本迪士尼成功从美国引进了原本人气不高达菲熊和它系列卡通人物,并且发扬光大、反过来传回其他迪士尼乐园;以及东京迪士尼任何人事物都无条件的向迪士尼靠拢,例如汉堡的面包皮·汉堡肉·番茄甚至鸡蛋都是米老鼠的形状、厕所的洗手液喷出的形状是米老鼠的形状、甚至清洁工喷水·垃圾桶的花纹都要有米老鼠的形状,让游客无时无刻不沉浸在迪士尼的气氛当中。",
"title": "東京迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "105407#3",
"text": "迪士尼乐园开创了很多先例,最大的就是场景再现,例如在迪士尼乐园里面的一些区域再现《米老鼠》、《小熊维尼》、《白雪公主》、《彼得潘》、《狮子王》、《小美人鱼》、《小飛象》这些经典卡通动画,而在其他不同主题区域再现《復仇者聯盟》、《加勒比海盗》、《印第安纳琼斯》、《星际大战》、《阿凡达》这些偏向成人的电影。",
"title": "迪士尼樂園"
},
{
"docid": "1268884#1",
"text": "在2009年,它是亚洲第四多入场人次的主题公园,仅殿于日本东京迪士尼乐园、迪士尼海洋和大阪环球影城。乐园里面有动物园,水上乐园和陸上設施。乐园由三星集团下辖的三星物产管理。",
"title": "爱宝乐园"
}
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2973441#0 | 天主教教义是什么? | [
{
"docid": "4674134#4",
"text": "一般來說,天主教認為,教義()是一種經過正式會議肯定過的信仰內容,而教理(doctrina)只是由教會或是某個導師,根據教義(),進一步歸結出的非正式信仰原理,可以作為教育信徒之用,但是具備較低的權威性。但是這個定義不一定適用於基督教新教教會。包括原罪、三位一體等,都被視為是一個教理(doctrine)。",
"title": "Doctrina"
},
{
"docid": "4674277#1",
"text": "一般來說,天主教認為,教義()是一種經過正式會議肯定過的信仰內容,而教理(doctrina)只是由教會或是某個導師,根據教義(),進一步歸結出的非正式信仰原理,可以作為教育信徒之用,但是具備較低的權威性。但是這個定義不一定適用於基督教新教教會。",
"title": "教理"
},
{
"docid": "5865270#0",
"text": "在天主教中,主教是一个聖秩聖事,可全权掌管聖禮,也负责传授教律、依照自己的准则来管理天主教信众、圣化世界并代表整个教会。天主教认为使徒在五旬節间被聖靈赋予了特别的神恩,是天主教的主教之由来。天主教相信,这份特殊的神恩可在圣秩圣礼期间,由不间断的主教传承传递下去。",
"title": "天主教会主教"
},
{
"docid": "3739068#8",
"text": "人的尊严是新教和天主教共有的核心问题。 天主教会教义问答坚持主张“人的尊严在于人是按天主的肖象造成”,“人类只有作为天主形象的创造物才拥有人所具有的尊严。” 天主教会也进一步地阐述:“自由的权利属于每个人,原因在于它是与人之为人的尊严权紧密联系在一起的。\"同康德的尊严观类似的地方在于:天主教会把尊严归之于人是行动者和其具有的自由意志。而教会则进一步的把这种自由意志的来源归之于天主,人因其是天主形象的创造物而具有如此之能力的。",
"title": "尊严"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1757290#1",
"text": "这部著作是针对那些具有对于神学基础知识有所掌握的人的一本关于新教理论的概论书籍,涵盖了从教会教条、圣礼到因信称义和基督徒自由等多方面的主题。它尖锐地批判了那些加尔文认为是异端的教条教理,尤其是加尔文自己在转向新教之前曾经笃信的天主教会。该书的一个突出主题——也是加尔文在神学理论方面的最伟大遗产——是“上帝完全主权”()的观点,特别是它在拯救和神的拣选方面的内容。加尔文歸納聖經經文後指出了名聞千古的預選說,上帝已经对世人的命运與是否得救,做出了预定,且没有人能够改变其命运。",
"title": "基督教要义"
},
{
"docid": "2772630#0",
"text": "天主教神学(,罗马大公教会神学;明朝天主教称之为天学)是指有关天主教会根据《圣经》和圣传进行传教的神学理论。教会的信仰体现在《尼西亚信经》、《使徒信经》中,并在《天主教教理》中被详细论述。天主教会的一些理论在历史上几次重要的大公会议中得到修订或澄清。公元50年,使徒在耶路撒冷召开了第一次大公会议。而最近的一次大公会议为1965年的第二次梵蒂冈大公会议。",
"title": "天主教神学"
},
{
"docid": "275#0",
"text": "宗教(英语:Religion)有多种定义,可以是联系人与神祇或超自然、神聖存在的文化体系;还可以定义为,以热情和坚定地信念而坚持信仰的原则或理论体系。 按前者定义,可分为多神论、泛神论、一神论。 按后者定义,无神论,自然神论, 不可知论等,也都是不同的宗教信仰。 这些宗教体系,包括个人行为、传统仪式、价值观念、世界观念、经典作品、朝拜圣地、道德规范或社会团体等形式。宗教信仰是人们对其中某个体系的共识和崇敬。人类学家克利福德·格尔茨声称与神话和哲学相辅相成,宗教相当于人文社科中的一门包罗万象的“生存之道”。",
"title": "宗教"
},
{
"docid": "5025297#20",
"text": "此章節敘述了作為物質世界的團體的教會,以及形而上的天上的教會之間的關係。以及現在的教會是為了在末日時降臨的天主之國而預備的性質。在天主教的神學,教會是耶穌所建造的,並由聖神運作。而信徒們則靠著信德對現世有所體悟,且對末世抱持信心。並未了日後的審判,慎言慎行以待其時。",
"title": "教會 (教義憲章)"
},
{
"docid": "2207#9",
"text": "基督教是一种信仰神和天国的一神论宗教,发源于中东地区。在人类发展史中,基督教扮演非常重要的角色,(中世紀到文藝復興尤甚)世界各地遍布为数众多的教堂。基督徒相信耶稣为神(天主或稱上帝)的圣子、人类的救主(弥赛亚,即基督)的一神论宗教。基督教与伊斯兰教、佛教並列為当今三大世界性宗教。主要有羅馬公教(又称天主教)、希臘正教(又稱正教會)、基督新教(華人俗稱基督教)三大派别,以及其他许多规模较小的派別。基督教虽然产生于中东地区,但后来由于阿拉伯帝国和奥斯曼土耳其帝国的兴起、扩张和持续打压,基督教的传播中心逐渐转移至欧洲并在欧洲发扬光大,并由此传播至远东、美洲、非洲、大洋洲等地。即便如此,目前在基督教的发源地中东地区仍存留着一些具有一定规模的古老的东方礼教派,信仰者有阿拉伯人、科普特人、亚述人、亚美尼亚人和希腊人等。中文語彙的「基督教」一词时常是专指基督新教,这是中文目前的特有现象。《一本讀懂世界三大宗教》指出,基督教的信徒佔2008年世界人口32.9%,即約20億7千萬人。天主教徒佔其中52.89%(約11億人),基督新教佔其中17.63%(約3億6千萬人),而東正教則佔其中10.64%(約2億2千萬)人口。",
"title": "一神論"
},
{
"docid": "596416#0",
"text": "在宗教及比較宗教學中,教義(),又譯為定理、信條、信理、教條、教理、定論,是一個或一組原則,被歸源至由某個權威所制定,被認為是絕對正確,不可爭辯的。它是一個意識型態或信仰體系的基礎部份,改變教義必然會影響整個信仰系統,造成在根本上的典範改變,或是可能造成意識型態本身的改變。對於教義的確信,會影響到其信徒對於世界的理解及解釋,影響其行為,也可能造成團體的凝聚或分裂。",
"title": "宗教教義"
}
] | [
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] |
7642235#0 | 澳大利亚的首都是哪里? | [
{
"docid": "1930#45",
"text": "澳大利亚首都位於堪培拉。堪培拉是在兩大城市墨爾本和悉尼相爭20年未果後,以地理位居兩城之中而獲選為首都。",
"title": "澳大利亚"
},
{
"docid": "1845820#26",
"text": "澳大利亞的大都市都會區有悉尼、布里斯班、墨爾本、阿德萊德、珀斯,以及澳大利亞的首都坎培拉。",
"title": "大都市"
},
{
"docid": "1074249#0",
"text": "總理府()位于澳大利亞的首都,坎培拉,是澳大利亞總理在坎培拉的官邸。總理府地址是澳洲首都特區坎培拉迪肯區的阿德雷得大道(Adelaide Avenue)。",
"title": "澳大利亞總理府"
},
{
"docid": "1151442#1",
"text": "19世紀晚期,在澳洲的各英属殖民地谈判组成联邦时,就联邦首都的选址在两个最大城市悉尼和墨尔本之间相持不下,因此最终在1901年施行的《澳大利亚联邦宪法》中规定新首都必须位于新南威尔士州境内但必须距离悉尼100英里——这样保证新首都会离悉尼和墨尔本都保持相当距离。经过屡次讨论,最终联邦政府选定在新南威尔士州东南部、大分水岭和雪山余脉环抱之处建都,就是后来的坎培拉。为了确保联邦政府拥有能够自由支配的足够大的地区,1911年新南威尔士根据宪法将新首都及其主要河流流域的一部分划出移交给联邦政府,成为联邦直辖的领地。1913年開始建城。1927年暂时国会大厦(现在的旧国会大厦)建成,澳大利亞聯邦國會從墨爾本国会大厦遷往坎培拉,代表澳大利亚政府的正式首都正式启用。1988年首都领地取得自治领地地位,代表首都领地的自治政府在一部分联邦政府下放的问题上有自主立法的职能。自治后,坎培拉的市政机构即并入自治领地政府,因此首都领地兼管州级政府和地方政府事务。",
"title": "澳大利亚首都领地"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "1151442#0",
"text": "澳大利亚首都领地(,缩写为),是澳大利亚聯邦政府所在地,是澳大利亚管轄區最小但人口最稠密的州層級行政區。它全境位于新南威尔士州境内,面积為2,358平方公里。澳大利亞首都领地的首府,亦是澳大利亚聯邦的首都,是位在领地北部的坎培拉。",
"title": "澳大利亚首都领地"
},
{
"docid": "1570566#3",
"text": "当澳洲的六个英属殖民地在1901年合并成为澳大利亚联邦时,由于两个最大城市悉尼和墨尔本的长期竞争习惯,各殖民地代表认为两个城市都不适合成为联邦的首都。最后《澳大利亚联邦宪法》第125条对于首都选址如此规定:",
"title": "澳洲國會大廈"
},
{
"docid": "7622547#8",
"text": "澳大利亚的首都悉尼将在2000年举办夏季奥运会,为了迎接世界的千禧年和澳大利亚的“奥运年”,悉尼举办了一系列的庆祝活动,包括在海港大桥发射多达20吨的烟花。",
"title": "庆祝千禧年活动"
},
{
"docid": "183902#2",
"text": "达尔文是澳大利亚原住民居民最集中的城市,还有很大一部分居民是从东南亚和东亚移居的移民,所以达尔文被称为是“澳大利亚多元文化的首府”,由于它距离亚洲最近,所以是重要的出口港口,主要出口活牲畜(牛、羊)和矿物。达尔文也是澳大利亚重要的军事基地和北部海岸巡逻艇的基地。",
"title": "达尔文 (澳大利亚)"
},
{
"docid": "2852411#1",
"text": "澳洲东岸是澳大利亚人口最为密集的地区,拥有了大约八成的澳洲人口。澳洲最大的三个城市悉尼、墨尔本和布里斯班都是位于东部沿岸的世界级大都市,也是澳洲工业、商业、科技、文化、教育、交通和艺术中心。澳洲的主流文化雲集在東岸地區,位於維多利亞州的墨爾本市是澳洲的藝術和文化首都。",
"title": "澳洲東岸"
},
{
"docid": "3525702#7",
"text": "1901年澳大利亚联邦成立。由于《宪法》规定联邦的正式首都必须在两大城市悉尼和墨尔本之外新建,因此在新的首都建成之前联邦议会决定在墨尔本暂驻。维多利亚议会因此腾出议会大厦搬入皇家展览馆议事,而原殖民地议会大厦成为暂时的澳大利亚议会大厦。澳大利亚联邦成立初年的许多重要政治事件都在此发生,包括1901年澳大利亚工党联邦党团的成立会议,1909年自由贸易党和保护主义党的并入联邦自由党(现在的澳大利亚自由党的前身之一),1916年澳大利亚工党在征兵问题上的重大分裂(包括将工党籍总理开除党籍)等。1927年,新首都堪培拉的议会大厦(现在的旧议会大厦)完工,联邦议会告别墨尔本迁往新首都,维多利亚议会回迁议会大厦。",
"title": "议会大厦 (墨尔本)"
}
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2839530#0 | 波兰的首都是哪里? | [
{
"docid": "4285#49",
"text": "61.8%的波兰人居住在城市,人口最密集的地區為南部的、其次為首都華沙,其餘人口較多都會區尚有克拉科夫、羅茲、波茲南、弗羅茨瓦夫、三聯市(格但斯克+格丁尼亞+索波特)。",
"title": "波兰"
},
{
"docid": "4470254#0",
"text": "波隆尼亞宮酒店(Polonia Palace Hotel)是位於波蘭首都華沙市中心的一座酒店,開業於1913年。這座酒店是華沙歷史第二古老的酒店,僅次於布里斯托酒店。在1965年,波隆尼亞宮酒店成為波蘭的歷史古蹟。二戰期間,波隆尼亞宮酒店奇蹟般的逃過了戰火。在戰後初期,許多外國都曾臨時將領事館設於波隆尼亞宮酒店。現在波隆尼亞宮酒店由一家奧地利企業所有。",
"title": "波隆尼亞宮酒店"
},
{
"docid": "514363#9",
"text": "此阶段的波兰是一个典型的多民族国家,其东部有大量乌克兰和白俄罗斯等民族,首都华沙还有犹太人聚居区。里加和约后波兰获得了西白俄罗斯和西乌克兰,波兰人不但无意解决乌克兰的土地问题,反而通过迁入人口、加强行政管制,使自己显得格外的“殖民主义”。与此同时,乌克兰人在合法政治中也被边缘化。尽管有三分之一的波兰公民是少数民族,“但是没有任何少数民族代表在波兰政府中担任过部长(连地区和地方长官都没有)。造成双方冲突不断,二战后该地划归苏联,波兰裔居民整体迁往新获得的西部领土。",
"title": "波兰第二共和国"
},
{
"docid": "3183980#0",
"text": "科学文化宫(),是波兰境内最高的建筑物,也是該國首都华沙的标志性建筑。通常缩写为 \"PKiN\",因此华沙市民也谑称其为“北京”()。亦有人稱其為“斯大林的注射器”、“俄国婚礼蛋糕”。",
"title": "科学文化宫"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "333713#33",
"text": "波兹南作为波兰昔日的首都之一,拥有众多历史建筑和文化遗产,主要集中在旧城区和市中心的其余地区。2008年11月28日,市中心的部分地区被列入。",
"title": "波茲南"
},
{
"docid": "11866#34",
"text": "波兰第一个首都是十世纪的格涅兹诺。下一个中世纪首府是克拉科夫。在这两个城市都有历史和中世纪的艺术博物馆。其他重要的中世紀城市有波茲南、克魯什維察、卡利什、弗罗茨瓦夫、本津、拉多姆、普沃茨克、切哈努夫、格但斯克和托伦等。",
"title": "中世纪"
},
{
"docid": "984659#0",
"text": "大波兰(,,)是位于波兰中西部的历史地区,其首府为波兹南。行政上,该地区大多数地方属于大波兰省(),也有一些地方位于卢布斯卡省,库亚维-滨海省和罗兹省。",
"title": "大波兰"
},
{
"docid": "1845820#20",
"text": "波蘭大都市聯盟()設立于1990年,是一個聯合波蘭各大都市的組織。目前有12個都市參加了這個組織,其中有11個都市人口超過一百萬。如果按照人口數量來排名的話,波蘭最大的大都市是上西里西亞都會區,人口達到200萬(西里西亞都會區的人口達到500萬)。之後是華沙,其市區人口有170萬,而華沙都會區的人口有270萬。在最近數年,有提議將上西里西亞都會區的各大都市合併為一個正式的城市。",
"title": "大都市"
},
{
"docid": "7559176#0",
"text": "瓦尔米亚(;;)是波兰北部历史地区,面积约4500平方公里,原首府为弗龙堡、利兹巴克,最大城市为奥尔什丁,现为瓦爾米亞-馬祖里省的核心地区,历史上与天主教瓦尔米亚采邑主教区有密切关系。",
"title": "瓦尔米亚"
},
{
"docid": "1217318#0",
"text": "克拉科夫老城(;又譯為克拉科夫舊城)是波兰城市克拉科夫的历史城區,位於克拉科夫的市中心地帶。这是波兰最知名的老城,因为在许多世纪以来,克拉科夫曾波兰的首都,直到1596年,時任國王齐格蒙特三世才将他的宫廷迁往华沙。1978年,克拉科夫老城以「克拉科夫历史中心」名稱由联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。",
"title": "克拉科夫老城"
}
] | [
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