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[ { "docid": "1026479#8", "text": "The Char 2C was one of the largest tanks ever produced. At the start of World War II, France and the Soviet Union were the only countries to have inventories of heavy tanks, such as the Char B1, T-35, and KV-1. The Matilda II was designed under the British infantry tank concept which is similar to the heavy tank having thick armor and weighing more than their other tanks. It’s usually separate because they have less firepower with their cruiser tanks (comparable to mediums) at the time having the same main armament but more machine guns. Later war examples were the German Tiger I and II, as well as the Soviet IS series. Note that \"heavy\" versus \"medium\" is more a question of tactical roles than weight; the Panther, for example, was a \"medium\" tank that outweighed most Allied \"heavy\" tanks.", "title": "Heavy tank" }, { "docid": "349115#0", "text": "Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus (\"Mouse\") was a German World War II super-heavy tank completed in late 1944. It is the heaviest fully enclosed armoured fighting vehicle ever built. Five were ordered, but only two hulls and one turret were completed before the testing grounds were captured by advancing Soviet military forces.", "title": "Panzer VIII Maus" } ]

[ { "docid": "2160793#0", "text": "The Tank Museum (previously The Bovington Tank Museum) is a collection of armoured fighting vehicles at Bovington Camp in Dorset, South West England. It is about north of the village of Wool and west of the major port of Poole. The collection traces the history of the tank. With almost 300 vehicles on exhibition from 26 countries it is the largest collection of tanks and the third largest collection of armoured vehicles in the world. It includes Tiger 131, the only working example of a German Tiger I tank, and a British First World War Mark I, the world's oldest surviving combat tank. It is the museum of the Royal Tank Regiment and the Royal Armoured Corps and is a registered charity.", "title": "The Tank Museum" }, { "docid": "1026479#10", "text": "The immediate post-war period saw the final fielding of heavy tanks, including the US M103 heavy tank, the British FV214 Conqueror, and the French ARL 44 (in very limited numbers for the ARL 44), all in response to the Soviet heavy tanks of the period. The largest tank guns were approaching maximum calibre whose shell could still be handled by the crew, even using awkward two-part ammunition (separate projectile and propellant case, similar to battleship guns), which greatly slowed their rate of fire. Thanks to improved shell designs and fire control technology improving accuracy, postwar medium tanks were catching up to heavy tanks in firepower. The tactical value of heavy tanks thus declined to the point that no new designs were fielded; the heavily armed mediums came to be known as the main battle tank (MBT). Doctrine held that less expensive self-propelled artillery could serve in the infantry support role. The weight of MBTs quickly increased during the Cold War, and most third generation MBTs including the M1 Abrams, Challenger 2, Leopard 2, Merkava, Arjun MBT, and Type 99 have weights similar to those of 1950s heavy tanks.", "title": "Heavy tank" }, { "docid": "30573317#0", "text": "Caldwell Tanks is a large privately held company that designs, fabricates, and builds tanks for the water, wastewater, grain, coal and energy industries. Caldwell is the largest elevated tank company in the world. Caldwell has approximately 500 total employees with 206 employees in Louisville at its headquarters campus. Caldwell has two major facilities: fabrication facilities in Louisville, Kentucky, and Newnan, Georgia.Caldwell Tanks was founded in 1887 by William E. Caldwell. The company was originally known as W.E. Caldwell Co. The firm remained in the Caldwell family until 1986 when it was purchased by James W. Robinson. Robinson appointed a former banker, Bernard S. Fineman, to be president of Caldwell.", "title": "Caldwell Tanks" }, { "docid": "182000#72", "text": "The ground campaign consisted of three or possibly four of the largest tank battles in American military history. The battles at 73 Easting, Norfolk, and Medina Ridge are well noted for their historic significance. Some consider the battle of Medina Ridge the largest tank battle of the war. The U.S. Marine Corps also fought the biggest tank battle in its history at Kuwait International Airport. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division also fought a significant battle at Objective Dorset not far from where the battle of Norfolk was taking place. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed approximately 300 enemy combat vehicles during this particular encounter with Iraqi forces. The Iraqis suffered the loss of over 3,000 tanks and over 2,000 other combat vehicles during these battles against the American-led coalition.", "title": "Gulf War" }, { "docid": "7014856#16", "text": "Jacob Stolt-Nielsen helped establish United Tank Containers in 1978, starting small with only a few units. The outfit was eventually renamed Stolt Tank Containers (STC). It currently operates the world's largest fleet of stainless steel ISO tank containers, with more than 31,000 units in service. The fleet is supported by a global network of 24 offices and 15 tank maintenance, repair and cleaning depots in locations worldwide.", "title": "Stolt-Nielsen" }, { "docid": "58397340#9", "text": "The Vesteys Tank, now commonly known as the Tank, was constructed in 1917 as part of Vestey's Meatworks. It was said to be the largest building its nature in the southern hemisphere, utilising new technology of reinforced concrete. The Vesteys tank has now been transformed into a multi-purpose gymnasium which now functions as an indoor court and field for basketball, volleyball, soccer, and badminton. There are pool tables, ping pong tables and gym equipment that is available for use. The tank also holds Darwin High School's assemblies. It was listed on the Northern Territory Heritage Register on 29 July 2006.", "title": "Darwin High School" }, { "docid": "2995889#12", "text": "The French used a very wide range of tanks, including many unique types. France was the second largest tank producer in the world, behind the Soviet Union (see French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II). Their cavalry tank class filled the role of what are now called MBTs. They also fielded a heavy tank design, and several lighter types for scouting and infantry support. In addition to these types, they were also working on super-heavy breakthrough tanks (FCM F1). The French didn't have an independent Tank Corps. All tanks belonged to either the Infantry or the Cavalry.The Renault FT-17 had a long life and saw use in World War II and even later in Indochina. It was utilised as far away as in China, during the Chinese Civil wars, and versions of the tank were used both against and by the Japanese during the invasion of China. A large number found their way into both Republican and Nationalist hands during the Spanish Civil War. They were used in the Russian Revolution by both the Bolsheviks and the White Russians, and later by the Finns against the Soviets. France exported the FT-17 right up to World War II. The design was also developed by the Italians as the Fiat 3000 and the USSR as the T-18.", "title": "Tanks of the interwar period" }, { "docid": "311016#117", "text": "The largest building recently constructed was used largely as an assembly plant. The first floor was occupied by stockrooms, final inspection of cars, the offices of the traffic department and shipping. Six covered railroad tracks facilitated the handling of all incoming and outgoing freight. Fifteen steel oil tanks were located underneath the shipping platforms, where they were protected from fire and were convenient for uploading the tank cars which were run on \"sidings\". Six of the tanks were of 12,000 gallons capacity and held the entire contents of a tank car. Four of the tanks held 2,000 gallons, two held 1,000 gallons and three had a capacity of 3,000 gallons. Engine oil, fuel oil, paints and other oils used in the plant each had an individual tank from which were piped to the departments where they were used. The second floor of the building was devoted to \"chassis testing\" department. This was on the same level as Magnolia Street on the west side of the plant, \"making it convenient to run out cars for road work.\"", "title": "Franklin (automobile)" }, { "docid": "5807156#2", "text": "R. S. Mangalam Big Tank is the second largest water storage tank in the State of Tamil Nadu \nThe most famous festival of R. S. Mangalam is Throvpathi Amman Temple festival. It is conducted by 18 villages. The festival is celebrated for more than 18 days. The highlight of the festival is Beman makeup (veemesam): the village people are made up like Bemen Throupathi round around their village and then go to the temple. At the end, Pookkuli festival is celebrated with the whole neighbor villages.", "title": "R. S. Mangalam" } ]

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[ { "docid": "38181025#1", "text": "\"Nefarious\" was written, directed, produced and narrated by Benjamin Nolot, founder and president of Exodus Cry, the film's distributor. Nolot, who travelled to 19 countries to collect the film's content, said that the purpose of the film is \"to draw people's attention to the issue, but also to inspire them in terms of what they can be doing … to take a stand against this injustice.\" The film was officially released on July 27, 2011, with individual grassroots screenings also taking place. Laila Mickelwait, Exodus Cry's director of awareness and prevention, screened the film in several countries in an attempt to persuade governments to make laws similar to Sweden's \"Sex Purchase Act\", which criminalizes the purchasing rather than the selling of sex. The film was released on home video on May 1, 2012.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#15", "text": "\"Nefarious\" was written, directed, produced, and narrated by Benjamin Nolot, founder and president of Exodus Cry. Exodus Cry, which distributed the film, is headquartered in Grandview, Missouri and is an organization that opposes human trafficking by raising awareness, by reintegrating victims back into society, and by prayer. Nolot founded Exodus Cry in 2007 after a woman he did not know gave him , saying that God told her to do so in order that Nolot might found an anti-human-trafficking organization. This was founded at a prayer meeting later that year where attendees prayed for human trafficking victims. The organization claims that this prayer meeting occurred on the day before the announcement of the 2007 international child pornography investigation, which involved approximately 2,400 human-trafficking-related arrests in 77 countries.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38710253#2", "text": "Nolot then wrote, directed, produced, and narrated \"\", a documentary film about human trafficking. He also conducted the interviews in the film, speaking with such people as a police officer and a pimp. Other scenes depict Nolot doing things like chasing a pedophile out of a town in which he was trying to purchase the right to sexually abuse a child. The film was distributed by Exodus Cry. \"Nefarious\" was Nolot's film debut. Filming started in 2007. Nolot travelled to 19 different countries to collect the film's content. These filming locations included countries in the Middle East, Europe, North America, and Asia. Nolot attested to having found producing the film difficult because of the subject matter; he stated that \"there is not a day that goes by that I am not mindful of the horrific tragedies we uncovered\". He further said that he did not make the film in order to make money or gain fame, but rather, to rouse people to action against human trafficking, an issue he finds both personal and important. Dan Preston of \"Godculture Magazine\" praised Nolot's writing and directing of the film. Nolot said that the purpose of the film is \"to draw people's attention to the issue, but also to inspire them in terms of what they can be doing... to take a stand against this injustice\". At the 2011 California Film Awards, \"Nefarious\" made Nolot the Grand Winner in the Best First-Time Documentary category. At the 2012 Kingdomwood Christian Film Festival, Nolot was named Best Director.", "title": "Benjamin Nolot" } ]

[ { "docid": "38181025#0", "text": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls is a 2011 American documentary film about modern human trafficking, specifically sexual slavery. Presented from a Christian worldview, \"Nefarious\" covers human trafficking in the United States, Western and Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia, alternating interviews with re-enactments. Victims of trafficking talk about having been the objects of physical abuse and attempted murder. Several former prostitutes talk about their conversion to Christianity, escape from sexual oppression, and subsequent education or marriage. The film ends with the assertion that only Jesus can completely heal people from the horrors of sexual slavery.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#3", "text": "\"Nefarious: Merchant of Souls\" documents modern human trafficking, specifically sexual slavery. While there are men and boys who are trafficked around the world, the United States Department of State (DoS) estimates that about 80% of human trafficking victims are female, and the film focuses on them. Information is presented from a Christian worldview—despite the subject matter, there is no profanity or nudity in the film, although there are scenes showing alcohol consumption and women wearing skimpy clothing.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#5", "text": "\"Nefarious\" asserts that there is a link between the international sex industry and legal prostitution in the Western world, and that those who create the demand for forced prostitution around the world are of a wide variety of ages and are often considered respectable. The film contrasts the secretiveness and brutality of the sex industry in Eastern Europe with the openness of public prostitution in the Netherlands. \"Nefarious\" suggests that sex trafficking in Southeast Asia is fuelled largely by the complicity of the victims' parents, with many in Cambodia grooming and then knowingly selling their daughters into prostitution to pay for luxury goods. The film asserts that 10% of the population of Moldova has been sexually trafficked. \"Nefarious\" contrasts Las Vegas prostitutes with victims of sex trafficking in Europe, depicting the former as drawn into the sex industry by dreams of a glamorous lifestyle, and the latter as made vulnerable by child abandonment and orphanages.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#4", "text": "\"Nefarious\" explores how sex trafficking differs from country to country, and suggests that all the victims are both psychologically and emotionally enslaved. One of the initial assertions in the film is that slavery has not been abolished but is increasing, and that half of this slavery is sexual in nature. \"Nefarious\" identifies political corruption and difficult socioeconomic situations as elements that prevent sex slaves from escaping exploitation, and suggests that most victims do not survive for more than seven years after initially being trafficked. While the violent acquisition of sex slaves depicted in the first sequence of the film does occur in reality, Jimmy Stewart of \"Charisma\" wrote that most girls who are sexually trafficked in Europe are recruited through a fraudulent offer of employment and an improved lifestyle overseas, neither of which ultimately materializes in the new country.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#2", "text": "Interviewees in the film include Canadian journalist Victor Malarek, Jerusalem Institute of Justice founder Calev Myers, Christian therapist Dan Allender, clinical psychologist Melissa Farley, Piet Keesman, Baptist missionary Lauran Bethell, Agape International Missions founder Don Brewster, anti-trafficking activist Helen Sworn, former prostitute Annie Lobert, and Swedish detective superintendent Kajsa Wahlberg. Ted Baehr of \"Movieguide\", a Christian magazine, called the film \"a powerful, compelling and transformational documentary about human trafficking and sex slavery\" and commented that it covered the inherently sexual subject matter candidly without displaying nudity. Dan Preston of \"Godculture Magazine\" praised Nolot's writing and directing. \"Nefarious\" has won film awards, including the Honolulu Film Award for best screenplay, the Urban Mediamakers Film Festival best documentary feature award, and the Indie Fest feature documentary award of excellence.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#16", "text": "Filming of \"Nefarious\" was started in 2007, marking Nolot's film debut. The initial plan was to create a short film, but the project was expanded when Exodus Cry realized the scope of the issue they were documenting. Nolot, a leader in Mike Bickle's International House of Prayer, travelled to 19 countries to collect material for the film. These filming locations included countries in the Middle East, Europe, North America, and Asia. Nolot attested to having found it difficult to produce the film due to the subject matter; he stated that \"there is not a day that goes by that I am not mindful of the horrific tragedies we uncovered.\" He further said that he did not make the film for money or for fame but did so in order to rouse people to action against human trafficking, an issue that he feels to be of great importance. Nolot said that the purpose of the film is \"to draw people's attention to the issue, but also to inspire them in terms of what they can be doing … to take a stand against this injustice.\" Steve Willis and Matthew Dickey were the film's cinematographers. Willis, founder of Underpin Photography, also served as photographer while Dickey filled the roles of associate producer and editor, also directing the re-enactment scenes. Actors in these re-enactment scenes included Bill Oberst Jr., Christian Simpson (as Christian J. Simpson), Allison Weissman, Sarah Agor, and Jess Allen. John Samuel Hanson composed the film score for \"Nefarious\" after having worked on such other projects as \"16 Blocks\", \"Constantine\", \"The Book of Eli\", and \"Lost\". As of January 2012, Nolot was producing two sequels to \"Nefarious\".", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#9", "text": "The interviewees in \"Nefarious\" include former traffickers, international humanitarian workers, social workers, psychologists, human rights experts, and former victims of human trafficking. Interviewees include Canadian journalist Victor Malarek, Jerusalem Institute of Justice founder Calev Myers, Christian therapist Dan Allender, clinical psychologist Melissa Farley, Amsterdam police official Piet Keesman, Baptist missionary Lauran Bethell, Agape International Missions founder Don Brewster, anti-trafficking activist Helen Sworn, former prostitute Annie Lobert, and Swedish Detective Superintendent Kajsa Wahlberg.", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" }, { "docid": "38181025#20", "text": "In \"News Weekly\", Babette Francis called \"Nefarious\" a \"ground-breaking documentary\". Tiffany Owens of \"World\", a Christian magazine, praised the film, describing its storytelling as compelling and vivid. Jamie Rake of \"The Phantom Tollbooth\" called the film \"an engrossing, sometimes appropriately gross, exposé [that] sounds a clarion cry against … modern slavery\". Rake praises the re-enactments for being appropriately ominous, and for demonstrating the dehumanization and abuse that characterize sexual trafficking. He suggests that the film is a modern version of \"This Is the Life\", a Christian television series that dealt with social issues, and that, if Nolot applied for a Motion Picture Association of America film rating, it would be given a PG-13 rating. Dan Preston of \"Godculture Magazine\" called the film \"a hands-on, grimy, honest, explorative piece of journalism\". Preston praised Nolot's writing and directing. Jennifer Cheng of the \"South China Morning Post\" called the film \"unnerving\" and wrote that it \"offers a glimpse into how organized crime, abuse, greed, lust and humiliation intertwine to make human trafficking possible.\"", "title": "Nefarious: Merchant of Souls" } ]

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[ { "docid": "646788#2", "text": "Yahoo! made a deal with the online communications company Four11 for co-branded white pages. Marvin Gavin, who worked at Four11 as the Director of International Business Development, said \"We always had a bias about being acquired by Yahoo. They were more entrepreneurial than Microsoft. We had a great cultural fit – it made a lot of sense.\" In the end, Yahoo! acquired Four11 for $96 million. The purpose behind acquiring Four11 was the company's RocketMail webmail service, which launched in 1997. Yahoo! announced the acquisition on October 8, 1997, close to the time that Yahoo! Mail was launched. Yahoo! chose acquisition rather than internal platform development, because, as Healy said, \"Hotmail was growing at thousands and thousands users per week. We did an analysis. For us to build, it would have taken four to six months, and by then, so many users would have taken an email account. The speed of the market was critical.\"", "title": "Yahoo! Mail" }, { "docid": "646788#0", "text": "Yahoo! Mail is an email service launched in 1997 through the American parent company Yahoo!. Yahoo Mail provides four different email plans: three for personal use (Basic, Plus, and Ad Free) and another for businesses. By December 2011, Yahoo! Mail had 281 million users, making it the third largest web-based email service in the world. Since 2015 its webmail client also supports managing non-Yahoo e-mail accounts.", "title": "Yahoo! Mail" }, { "docid": "5492831#8", "text": "On March 8, 1997, Yahoo! acquired online communications company Four11. Four11's webmail service, Rocketmail, became Yahoo! Mail. Yahoo! also acquired ClassicGames.com and turned it into Yahoo! Games. Yahoo! then acquired direct marketing company Yoyodyne Entertainment, Inc. on October 12, 1998. In January 1999, Yahoo! acquired web hosting provider GeoCities. Another company Yahoo! took over was eGroups, which became Yahoo! Groups in June 2000. On March 8, 1998, Yahoo! launched Yahoo! Pager, an instant messaging service that was renamed Yahoo! Messenger a year later.", "title": "History of Yahoo!" }, { "docid": "188213#5", "text": "Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s. Yahoo went public in April 1996 and its stock price rose by 600 percent within two years. Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, putting it in competition with services like Excite, Lycos and America Online. By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users, and the human-edited Yahoo Directory the most popular search engine, receiving 95 million page views per day which was triple the number compared to rival Excite. It also made many high-profile acquisitions. Yahoo began offering free e-mail from October 1997 after the acquisition of RocketMail, which was then renamed to Yahoo! Mail. In 1998, Yahoo! decided to replace AltaVista as the crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with Inktomi. Yahoo's two biggest acquisitions were made in 1999 - that of Geocities for $3.6 billion, and Broadcast.com for $5.7 billion.", "title": "Yahoo!" } ]

[ { "docid": "646788#3", "text": "The transition to Yahoo! Mail was not easy for many Rocketmail users. On March 21, 2002, Yahoo! eliminated free software client access and introduced the $29.99 per year Mail Forwarding Service. Mary Osako, a Yahoo! Spokeswoman, told CNET, \"For-pay services on Yahoo!, originally launched in February 1999, have experienced great acceptance from our base of active registered users, and we expect this adoption to continue to grow.\"", "title": "Yahoo! Mail" }, { "docid": "646788#7", "text": "On September 17, 2010, Yahoo! showed off a new Mail program to reporters. Codenamed \"Minty\", the 2011 release was announced on September 16, 2010. It included a new interface, enhanced performance, improved Facebook and Twitter integration, the ability to watch YouTube videos straight from email, and improved search. Public beta began on October 26, 2010. In May 2011, the new Yahoo! Mail became the default interface. As the new interface became mandatory for users, some users of Yahoo! Mail reported slow typing speeds, contradicting Yahoo's claims of faster performance. Yahoo! offered no resolution to the problem . Users also missed the ability to paste textual email addresses into the sender box. The new version disabled the use of the \"secondary\" addresses provided in the previous version. The new interface overrode the browser's right mouse button (making functions such as opening mails in new tab windows unavailable).", "title": "Yahoo! Mail" }, { "docid": "3390806#2", "text": "3721 Internet Assistant was originally released as a normal client-server application. However, it turned to use ActiveX technology to install itself on a client system later and was also shipped with many sharewares as default install options. 3721 Internet Assistant was also blamed for its use of a flaw in Microsoft Internet Explorer to install itself automatically when a user is browsing an array of 3721 sponsored personal and commercial websites with Microsoft Internet Explorer. Yahoo! Assistant is also included in 3721 Chinese Keywords and Yahoo! Mail Express, but sometimes the whole package of Internet Assistant, Chinese Keywords and Mail Express is named \"Yahoo Assistant\" in some sharewares. The company says the automatic installation ended in September 2005 and now asks user's permission before installing, however, CA Inc. reported that during Yahoo! Assistant installation, extra components are installed without obtaining user's consent.", "title": "Yahoo! Assistant" }, { "docid": "15559466#1", "text": "Hotmail service was founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith, and was one of the first webmail services on the Internet along with Four11's RocketMail (later Yahoo! Mail). It was commercially launched on July 4, 1996, symbolizing \"freedom\" from ISP-based email and the ability to access a user's inbox from anywhere in the world. The name \"Hotmail\" was chosen out of many possibilities ending in \"-mail\" as it included the letters HTML, the markup language used to create web pages (to emphasize this, the original type casing was \"HoTMaiL\"). The limit for free storage was 2 MB. Hotmail was initially backed by venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson. By December 1997, it reported more than 8.5 million subscribers. Hotmail initially ran under Solaris for mail services and Apache on FreeBSD for web services, before being partly converted to Microsoft products, using Windows Services for UNIX in the migration path.", "title": "Outlook.com" }, { "docid": "11007681#3", "text": "In May 1998, NTT, which had been doing technical cooperation until then, participated in the operation as an experiment, and the management staff also became more than ten. We launched web mail which was still rare at the time as \"goo free e-mail\", and we also offer content such as news, sports, weather, etc. as a \"goo hot channel\" in collaboration with companies in their respective fields of business to recruit advertising sponsors At that time, we tried advanced advances one after another and established the position as a portal site from search engines. On the other hand, it spreads the tool itself of searching the Web and sponsored \"search ironman\" event. Yuji Seki of the 1st winner actively acted as an ironman and became manager of Surfer section of Yahoo! Japan's search division (now retired).", "title": "Goo (search engine)" }, { "docid": "199351#9", "text": "Yahoo! Chat was a free online chat room service provided exclusively for Yahoo! users. Yahoo! Chat was first launched on January 7, 1997, as it was confirmed to be a feature on the very first release of Yahoo! Pager. On March 9, 1998, the first public version of Yahoo! Pager was released, with Yahoo! Chat among its features. It allowed users to create public chat rooms, send private messages, and use emoticons.", "title": "Yahoo! Messenger" } ]

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[ { "docid": "19716#0", "text": "Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, nickel and cobalt and their alloys. The prefix \"\" refers to iron, because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, FeO.", "title": "Magnetism" }, { "docid": "51079#25", "text": "Many materials have unpaired electron spins, and the majority of these materials are paramagnetic. When the spins interact with each other in such a way that the spins align spontaneously, the materials are called ferromagnetic (what is often loosely termed as magnetic). Because of the way their regular crystalline atomic structure causes their spins to interact, some metals are ferromagnetic when found in their natural states, as ores. These include iron ore (magnetite or lodestone), cobalt and nickel, as well as the rare earth metals gadolinium and dysprosium (when at a very low temperature). Such naturally occurring ferromagnets were used in the first experiments with magnetism. Technology has since expanded the availability of magnetic materials to include various man-made products, all based, however, on naturally magnetic elements.", "title": "Magnet" }, { "docid": "51079#1", "text": "A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include the elements iron, nickel and cobalt, some alloys of rare-earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism.", "title": "Magnet" }, { "docid": "51079#30", "text": "Rare earth (lanthanoid) elements have a partially occupied \"f\" electron shell (which can accommodate up to 14 electrons). The spin of these electrons can be aligned, resulting in very strong magnetic fields, and therefore, these elements are used in compact high-strength magnets where their higher price is not a concern. The most common types of rare-earth magnets are samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnets.", "title": "Magnet" } ]

[ { "docid": "11807#1", "text": "Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are the materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, and some compounds of rare earth metals.\nFerromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks, and nondestructive testing of ferrous materials.", "title": "Ferromagnetism" }, { "docid": "19716#42", "text": "A very common source of magnetic field found in nature is a dipole, with a \"South pole\" and a \"North pole\", terms dating back to the use of magnets as compasses, interacting with the Earth's magnetic field to indicate North and South on the globe. Since opposite ends of magnets are attracted, the north pole of a magnet is attracted to the south pole of another magnet. The Earth's North Magnetic Pole (currently in the Arctic Ocean, north of Canada) is physically a south pole, as it attracts the north pole of a compass.\nA magnetic field contains energy, and physical systems move toward configurations with lower energy. When diamagnetic material is placed in a magnetic field, a \"magnetic dipole\" tends to align itself in opposed polarity to that field, thereby lowering the net field strength. When ferromagnetic material is placed within a magnetic field, the magnetic dipoles align to the applied field, thus expanding the domain walls of the magnetic domains.", "title": "Magnetism" }, { "docid": "12717811#2", "text": "The magnets used for implantation must be carefully selected and coated in order to successfully implant them. Size is important in this consideration, as too large of a magnet obstructs blood vessels and is likely to reject, or push out of the skin. For this reason, the most common magnet size is a 3×1mm neodymium disk magnet. Usually the magnets used are of the highest strength available, as a stronger magnet leads to higher magnetic field sensitivity. Perhaps the most important consideration is a coating for the magnet, as typical neodymium disk magnets are not suitable for implantation. Magnets must be coated in an inert and biosafe material, so the body does not attack the magnet. Popular magnet coatings include implant grade silicone, titanium nitride, gold and rhodium.\nDisc-magnets are implanted with a scalpel, tubes are inserted by syringe. Both is often done without numbing or just ice water (most countries just allow doctors to use numbing).", "title": "Magnetic implant" }, { "docid": "41060001#0", "text": "Human magnetism is a popular name for an alleged ability of some people to attract objects to their skin. People alleged to have such an ability are often called human magnets. Although metal objects are the most popular, some are also alleged to be able to stick other types of materials, such as glass, porcelain, wood or plastic as well as metals with no ferromagnetic properties such as brass and aluminum. In fact none of the recorded claims of human magnetism corresponds with the actual physics of magnetism, indicating that this \"ability\" is in fact nothing more than a misunderstanding of the physics and meaning of the term and a misapplication of it to what has been shown to be nothing more than unusually sticky skin.According to scientists, if people can stick objects to their body, not only metal but also other materials, it has actually nothing to do with magnetism. Skeptic Benjamin Radford has used a compass to check the magnetic field of a person that claimed to be a human magnet. He claims that person didn't actually produce magnetic fields. It shows that human magnetism uses different kinds of physical effects. Many scientists and proponents of science, including James Randi, claim that this ability is caused by sticky skin.", "title": "Human magnetism" }, { "docid": "24706093#15", "text": "Negative magnetic permeability was originally achieved in a left-handed medium at microwave frequencies by using arrays of split-ring resonators. In most natural materials, the magnetically coupled response starts to taper off at frequencies in the gigahertz range, which implies that significant magnetism does not occur at optical frequencies. The effective permeability of such materials is unity, μ = 1. Hence, the magnetic component of a radiated electromagnetic field has virtually no effect on natural occurring materials at optical frequencies.", "title": "Photonic metamaterial" }, { "docid": "275496#7", "text": "Every kind of material has unique magnetic properties, even those that we do not think of as being “magnetic.” Different materials below the ground can cause local disturbances in the Earth’s magnetic field that are detectable with sensitive magnetometers. Magnetometers react very strongly to iron and steel, brick, burned soil, and many types of rock, and archaeological features composed of these materials are very detectable. Where these highly magnetic materials do not occur, it is often possible to detect very subtle anomalies caused by disturbed soils or decayed organic materials. The chief limitation of magnetometer survey is that subtle features of interest may be obscured by highly magnetic geologic or modern materials.\nGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is perhaps the best known of these methods (although it is not the most widely applied in archaeology). The concept of radar is familiar to most people. In this instance, the radar signal – an electromagnetic pulse – is directed into the ground. Subsurface objects and stratigraphy (layering) will cause reflections that are picked up by a receiver. The travel time of the reflected signal indicates the depth. Data may be plotted as profiles, or as planview maps isolating specific depths.", "title": "Geophysical survey (archaeology)" }, { "docid": "51079#34", "text": "The cheapest permanent magnets, allowing for field strengths, are flexible and ceramic magnets, but these are also among the weakest types. The ferrite magnets are mainly low-cost magnets since they are made from cheap raw materials: iron oxide and Ba- or Sr-carbonate. However, a new low cost magnet, Mn-Al alloy, has been developed and is now dominating the low-cost magnets field. It has a higher saturation magnetization than the ferrite magnets. It also has more favorable temperature coefficients, although it can be thermally unstable.\nNeodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnets are among the strongest. These cost more per kilogram than most other magnetic materials but, owing to their intense field, are smaller and cheaper in many applications.", "title": "Magnet" } ]

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[ { "docid": "24356889#0", "text": "The President of Mexico\n(), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces. The current President is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on December 1, 2018.", "title": "President of Mexico" } ]

[ { "docid": "52385110#3", "text": "The American Society of Mexico is currently run by society president Larry Rubin, who although is the primary representative of the US Republican Party in Mexico demonstrates a conduct of empowering bipartisanship in the society by frequently working alongside and welcoming left-wing organizations. Additionally, Rubin]] went on air to publicly withdraw support from (at the time) presidential candidate Donald Trump during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election.", "title": "The American Society of Mexico" }, { "docid": "4189223#2", "text": "The \"Centro Cultural Islámico de México\" (CCIM), a Sunni organization headed by Omar Weston, a British born Mexican convert to Islam, has been active in several big cities in northern and central Mexico. In the state of Morelos, the CCIM built a prayer hall and centre for recreation, learning and conferences, called Dar as Salaam, which also operates Hotel Oasis, a hotel that offers halal holidays for Muslim travellers and accommodation for non-Muslims sympathetic to Islam. This group was the subject of a study carried out by British anthropologist Mark Lindley-Highfield of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen. Apart from CCIM there is a branch of the Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order in Mexico City which is often at odds with the traditionalist Muslim community and is headed by two women, Shaykha Fatima Fariha and Shaykha Amina Teslima. There is also a small Salafi organization (the Centro Salafi de México) led by Muhammad Abdullah Ruiz (a former deputy to Weston) and an educational centre managed mainly by Muslims from Egypt and the Middle East, el \"Centro Educativo de la Comunidad Musulmana en México\" (run by Said Louahabi),and centro al hikmah run by Isa Rojas a Mexican convert to Islam, who studied Islamic studies in the University of Medina), within the capital city.", "title": "Islam in Mexico" }, { "docid": "46508114#4", "text": "Spanish settlers brought sugarcane to Mexico, where large plantations quickly began to rise, due to Mexico’s high native population, plantation owners were able to find a large neighborhood workforce. After the Mexican revolution in 1910 the Mexican sugar industry took a dramatic change and is now run by government agencies. Today, Mexico is one of the top ten largest sugar producers in the world. Sugar is the second largest crop in Mexico (after corn). Sugar crops span 1.6 million acres throughout 12 Mexican states and employ 2.5 million of Mexico’s people.", "title": "Mexico–United States sugarcane trade dispute" }, { "docid": "29233881#47", "text": "Although hasn't made any actual appearance in the series or on Himaruya's blog, Mexico is mentioned many times by other nations, mostly America. When asked if he plans on making Mexico, Himaruya responded that he indeed has plans to design Mexico and other Latin American nations.While missing a design Mexico is still present in the series, they are mentioned in the \"America and the World Map\" strip, where America explains to England why Mexico on his map is \"half-assed\", stating that \"It's because of my grudge over the \". Mexico is also mentioned in Lithuania's drama CD adaption of \"Lithuania's Out-Sourcing\" where America expresses he is running late for a meeting but since it is with Mexico, he wants to wear a more \"casual\" tie. In episode 9 of the Comic Birz volumes, Kumajirou responds to Mexico's email on advice to better their public safety by telling him to add more Canada. In the same comic, Mexico is mentioned as a male.", "title": "List of Hetalia: Axis Powers characters" }, { "docid": "11247268#8", "text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"", "title": "Brickell World Plaza" }, { "docid": "59351235#1", "text": "Democrat Xochitl Torres Small won New Mexico's second district in the 2018 elections, after incumbent Republican Steve Pearce opted to run for Governor of New Mexico. Pearce lost his election, but was elected as the chairman of the New Mexico Republican Party in December 2018. Despite that, he did not rule out challenging Torres Small in 2020. Yvette Herrell, who lost to Torres Small in the 2018 election, is running again.", "title": "2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico" }, { "docid": "14046416#2", "text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.", "title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase" }, { "docid": "19477084#6", "text": "Recent exhibitions at Tensta konsthall include\n• “Abstract Possible: The Stockholm Synergies,” with Doug Ashford, Claire Barclay, Goldin+Senneby, Wade Guyton, Mai-Thu Perret, Walid Raad, and Haegue Yang, among others\n• “Kami, Khokha, Bert and Ernie: World Heritage” by Hinrich Sachs\n• “Doing what you want: Marie-Louise Ekman accompanied by Sister Corita Kent, Mladen Stilinović, and Martha Wilson” \n• “The Society without qualities” with Sören Andreasen, Ane Hjort Guttu, Sture Johannesson, Sharon Lockhardt, and Palle Nielsen (part of “The new model” and curated by Lars Bang Larsen)\n• “Working With…” by Zak Kyes\n• “We are continuing BBDG” with Bernd Krauss\n• “Two Archives” by Babak Afrassiabi and Nasrin Tabatabai", "title": "Tensta Konsthall" }, { "docid": "47717636#0", "text": "ㅂ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅂ is U+3142.", "title": "ㅂ" }, { "docid": "49690867#0", "text": "ㅛ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅛ is U+315B.", "title": "ㅛ" } ]

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[ { "docid": "16728575#0", "text": "Major General Douglas Alexander Henry Graham, (26 March 1893 – 28 September 1971) was a senior British Army officer who fought with distinction in both world wars. He is most notable during the Second World War for commanding the 153rd Brigade of the 51st (Highland) Division in North Africa from 1942–1943, later being the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 56th (London) Infantry Division during the Salerno landings in Italy in September 1943 and the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division during the Normandy landings in France in June 1944.", "title": "Douglas Graham (British Army officer)" }, { "docid": "50643449#0", "text": "Major General Douglas Edward Cayley, (15 July 1870 – 19 December 1951) was a British Army officer of the First World War who played an important part in the evacuation of soldiers from Gallipoli.", "title": "Douglas Edward Cayley" }, { "docid": "142649#0", "text": "Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, (; 19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928) was a senior officer of the British Army. During the First World War he commanded the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front from late 1915 until the end of the war. He was commander during the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Arras, the Third Battle of Ypres, the German Spring Offensive, and the Hundred Days Offensive.", "title": "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig" } ]

[ { "docid": "26869583#65", "text": "In early 2006, in what was called the \"Generals Revolt,\" six retired generals, Major General John Batiste, Major General Paul D. Eaton, Lieutenant General Gregory Newbold, Major General John M. Riggs, Major General Charles H. Swannack Jr. and General Anthony C. Zinni, called for the resignation of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, accusing him of \"abysmal\" military planning and lack of strategic competence. The ethics of a system under which serving generals felt compelled to publicly support policies that they privately believed were potentially ruinous for the country and cost the lives of military personnel, did not escape critical public comment, and was mocked by political satirist Stephen Colbert at a dinner attended by President George W. Bush and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Peter Pace. Rumsfeld resigned in November 2006. By 2008, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Mike Mullen, felt obliged to pen an open letter in which he reminded all servicemen that \"The U.S. military must remain apolitical at all times.\"", "title": "President Truman's relief of General Douglas MacArthur" }, { "docid": "4447502#0", "text": "Major-General George Douglas, Earl of Dumbarton and Lord of Ettrick KT (1635 – 20 March 1692) was a Scottish professional soldier, who spent much of his career in the service of Louis XIV. In 1678, he returned to England; as a Catholic, he was a trusted servant of James II & VI and went into exile with him after the 1688 Glorious Revolution. He died at the palace of St Germain-en-Laye in March, 1692.", "title": "George Douglas, 1st Earl of Dumbarton" }, { "docid": "49607802#0", "text": "Colonel Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie, 3rd Baronet (died 24 July 1692) was a Scottish soldier.\nDouglas was the only son and heir of Sir William Douglas, 2nd Baronet, and his wife Anne, and was grandson of the first baronet. On 3 May 1684 he became captain of a company in the Royal Regiment of Foot, and he was promoted to major of the regiment on 1 November that year, with his commission as major renewed on 10 February 1685 after the accession of King James II. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy before 11 January 1688, probably later in 1685. Douglas was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Regiment on 1 October 1688, but after the Glorious Revolution, he and Captain Robert Lauder may have been temporarily deprived of their commissions by King William III for refusing to recognise Marshal Schomberg as the regiment's new colonel in the room of Lord Dumbarton, who supported James. He was made colonel of the Royal Regiment on 9 March 1689, though effectively this appointment was only as lieutenant-colonel commanding as Schomberg still retained the chief command, and on 1 March 1690 had his seniority as colonel backdated to 31 December 1688. The Duke of Schomberg was killed at the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, and Douglas was confirmed in the vacant colonelcy of the regiment on 5 March 1691. The regiment was stationed in the Low Countries at the time, and after failing to relieve the siege of Namur, Douglas was sent on 23 June 1692 with men of the Royal Regiment and other troops to attempt an attack on Mons. At one o'clock the following morning he and Colonel O'Farrell, who had mistaken their way in the dark while trying to reach the Prince of Württemberg, were captured by French cavalry. Douglas was ransomed and rejoined his regiment on 29 June, and was in command of the 1st Battalion at the Battle of Steenkerque. The night before the battle, Douglas's battalion was among the troops sent to take up a position closer to the French forces. The following morning they attacked through a valley crossed with hedges, each defended by opposing troops. Douglas led his regiment through the first three hedges, and in the fierce fighting around the fourth hedge, during which the superior force of French were driven from their guns, he became aware that one of the battalion's colours was in the possession of the enemy on the other side of the hedge. He leapt through a gap, killed the French officer holding the colour, and threw it back over the hedge to his own men. While attempting to return through the gap, he was shot dead by a French marksman. He was survived by his widow, Jane, who died in December 1735. They had no sons, and the baronetcy passed to his cousin Robert Douglas of Ardit, a grandson of the Rev. George Douglas, rector of Stepney, who was a younger brother of the first baronet. He was father of the genealogist Sir Robert Douglas, 6th Baronet.", "title": "Robert Douglas (died 1692)" }, { "docid": "2119077#11", "text": "On February 16, 1862, the Union Army under then Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant captured Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, and Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River, near Dover. With these victories, his forces took about 12,000 to 15,000 Confederate prisoners. The army was unprepared to handle this large group of prisoners and scrambled to find places to house them. Colonel Tucker told General Grant's superior, Major General Henry W. Halleck, that Camp Douglas could accommodate 8,000 or 9,000 prisoners, which was about the same number as the recruits it had been built for. This did not anticipate the differences required of a prison facility.", "title": "Camp Douglas (Chicago)" }, { "docid": "339812#13", "text": "After only eight months in office, Douglas was found dead on 1 October 2000 in his house in Portsmouth. He had returned the day before from state visits to Australia, Taiwan, Canada and Libya for the reconvening for the World Mathaba. Among the leaders addressing the conference in Tripoli in addition to Douglas were President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe, Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore, Namibia President Sam Nujoma, Chad President Idriss Deby, Mali President Alpha Oumar Konare, Gambia President Yahya Jammeh, Senegal President Abdoulaye Wade, Nation of Islam Leader Louis Farrakhan, leader of the Sandinistian Liberation Front Daniel Ortega, and Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. Douglas, as the only Caribbean Mathaba leader, sought greater connections between Caribbean, African, and African-American groups to confront global political and economic challenges.", "title": "Rosie Douglas" }, { "docid": "1066462#0", "text": "Major General Sir Douglas Anthony Kendrew, (22 July 1910 – 28 February 1989), often known as Joe Kendrew especially during his rugby career, was an officer of the British Army who served in Second World War and the Korean War, international rugby player and Governor of Western Australia from 1963 to 1974.", "title": "Douglas Kendrew" }, { "docid": "26358798#0", "text": "Major-General Sir Alexander Douglas Campbell KBE CB DSO MC (20 June 1899 – 3 April 1980) was General Officer Commanding Aldershot District.", "title": "Alexander Douglas Campbell" }, { "docid": "2146872#0", "text": "Major General Huntly Douglas Brodie Ketchen, CMG (May 22, 1872 — July 28, 1959) was a Canadian soldier and politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative representative from 1932 to 1945.", "title": "Huntly Ketchen" }, { "docid": "142649#59", "text": "On 1 January 1917, Haig was made a field marshal. The King (George V) wrote him a handwritten note ending: \"I hope you will look upon this as a New Year's gift from myself and the country\". Lloyd George, who had become Prime Minister in December 1916, infuriated Haig and Robertson by placing the BEF under the command of the new French Commander-in-Chief Robert Nivelle, at a stormy conference at Calais. The failure of the Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 (which Haig had been required to support with a British offensive by the Third and First Armies at Arras) and the subsequent French mutiny and political crisis, discredited Lloyd George's plans for Anglo-French co-operation for the time being. During the second half of 1917, Haig conducted an offensive at Passchendaele (the Third Battle of Ypres). Haig hoped to break through and liberate the North Sea coast of Belgium from which German U-Boats were operating, provided that there was assistance from the French, support from Britain and that Russia stayed in the war.", "title": "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig" } ]

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[ { "docid": "21681820#5", "text": "According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Georgia had a population of 9,687,653. In terms of race the population was: \nThe largest ancestry groups are: 10.8% American (mostly British descent), 9.5% Irish, 8.9% English and 8.2% German. In the 1980 census 1,584,303 Georgians cited that they were of English ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817 making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time. Today, many of these same people cite that they are of \"American\" ancestry are actually of English descent and some are of Scots-Irish descent, however, they have families that have been in the state so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having \"American\" ancestry or do not, in fact, know their own ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim \"American\" ancestry, though they are of predominantly English ancestry.", "title": "Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)" }, { "docid": "21681820#0", "text": "The demographics of Georgia are inclusive of the ninth most populous state in the United States, with over 9.68 million people (2010 census), just over 3% of America's population.", "title": "Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)" } ]

[ { "docid": "19397583#13", "text": "Before the war started, one estimate of the population of ethnic Georgians living in South Ossetia was 18,000 people, up to one quarter of the population. On 10 August 2008, Georgia charged that ethnic cleansing of Georgians was occurring behind Russian lines. On 15 August, UNHCR said that according to Georgian officials, up to 15,000 ethnic Georgians had fled into the other parts of Georgia from South Ossetia. As of 15 August 2008, some 73,000 people were displaced in Georgia proper. On 17 August 2008, \"The Independent\" reported that many refugees from South Ossetia in Tbilisi were crammed into makeshift centres without basic amenities and had no possessions with them, except the clothes they were wearing when they fled. By 19 August, the UNHCR figure of the displaced persons rose to 158,600. On 20 August, \"The Guardian\" reported that \"The scale of ethnic cleansing in the district nine miles north of Gori was strikingly apparent\".", "title": "Humanitarian impact of the Russo-Georgian War" }, { "docid": "48830#26", "text": "The largest European ancestry groups are:\nIn the 1980 census 1,584,303 Georgians claimed English ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time. Today, many of these same people claiming that they are of \"American\" ancestry are actually of English descent, and some are of Scots-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having \"American\" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim \"American\" ancestry, though they are of predominantly English ancestry.", "title": "Georgia (U.S. state)" }, { "docid": "110286#5", "text": "There were 1,671 occupied households, of which about 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 4% were non-families. Also, 24% of all households were people living alone and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 people.", "title": "Social Circle, Georgia" }, { "docid": "15457845#0", "text": "The School of Interactive Computing is an academic unit located within the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). It conducts both research and teaching activities related to interactive computing at the undergraduate and graduate levels. These activities focus on computing's interaction with users and the environment, as well as how computers impact the quality of people's lives.", "title": "Georgia Institute of Technology School of Interactive Computing" }, { "docid": "14046416#2", "text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.", "title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase" }, { "docid": "110413#7", "text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 11,407 people, 4,287 households, 2,983 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,101.3 people per square mile (425.1/km²). There were 4,637 housing units at an average density of 447.7 per square mile (172.8/km²). There were 4,287 households out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 25.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.07.", "title": "Monroe, Georgia" }, { "docid": "26508854#0", "text": "ㅍ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅍ is U+314D.", "title": "ㅍ" }, { "docid": "28025488#0", "text": "ㅅ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅅ is U+3137.", "title": "ㅅ" }, { "docid": "49691484#0", "text": "ㅝ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅝ is U+315D.", "title": "ㅝ" } ]

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[ { "docid": "2420319#7", "text": "What was later to be known as Plato's school probably originated around the time Plato inherited the property at the age of thirty, with informal gatherings which included Theaetetus of Sunium, Archytas of Tarentum, Leodamas of Thasos, and Neoclides. According to Debra Nails, Speusippus \"joined the group in about 390 BC\". She claims, \"It is not until Eudoxus of Cnidos arrives in the mid-380s BC that Eudemus recognizes a formal Academy.\" There is no historical record of the exact time the school was officially founded, but modern scholars generally agree that the time was the mid-380s, probably sometime after 387 BC, when Plato is thought to have returned from his first visit to Italy and Sicily. Originally, the meetings were held on Plato's property as often as they were at the nearby Academy gymnasium; this remained so throughout the fourth century.", "title": "Platonic Academy" }, { "docid": "2420319#0", "text": "The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία) was founded by Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) in c. 387 BC in Athens. Aristotle (384–322 BC) studied there for twenty years (367–347 BC) before founding his own school, the Lyceum. The Academy persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC. The Platonic Academy was destroyed by the Roman dictator Sulla in 86 BC.", "title": "Platonic Academy" } ]

[ { "docid": "1607411#82", "text": "An argument that has been used against ascribing ironic intent to Plato is that Plato's Academy produced a number of tyrants who seized political power and abandoned philosophy for ruling a city. Despite being well-versed in Greek and having direct contact with Plato himself, some of Plato's former students like Clearchus, tyrant of Heraclea; Chaeron, tyrant of Pellene; Erastus and Coriscus, tyrants of Skepsis; Hermias of Atarneus and Assos; and Calippus, tyrant of Syracuse ruled people and did not impose anything like a philosopher-kingship. However, it can be argued whether these men became \"tyrants\" through studying in the Academy. Plato's school had an elite student body, some of whom would by birth, and family expectation, end up in the seats of power. Additionally, it is important to remember that it is by no means obvious that these men were tyrants in the modern, totalitarian sense of the concept. Finally, since very little is actually known about what was taught at Plato's Academy, there is no small controversy over whether it was even in the business of teaching politics at all.", "title": "Republic (Plato)" }, { "docid": "2420319#9", "text": "In at least Plato's time, the school did not have any particular doctrine to teach; rather, Plato (and probably other associates of his) posed problems to be studied and solved by the others. There is evidence of lectures given, most notably Plato's lecture \"On the Good\"; but probably the use of dialectic was more common. According to an unverifiable story, dated of some 700 years after the founding of the school, above the entrance to the Academy was inscribed the phrase \"Let None But Geometers Enter Here.\"", "title": "Platonic Academy" }, { "docid": "16209#34", "text": "The original Academy of Plato had been destroyed by the Roman dictator Sulla in 86 BC. Several centuries later, in 410 AD, a Neoplatonic academy was established that had no institutional continuity with Plato's Academy, and which served as a center for Neoplatonism and mysticism. It persisted until 529 AD when it was finally closed by Justinian I. Other schools in Constantinople, Antioch, and Alexandria, which were the centers of Justinian's empire, continued.", "title": "Justinian I" }, { "docid": "26881815#10", "text": "When a military junta ('the Colonels') took power in 1967, he was one of the many intellectuals arrested, sacked from their posts then confined to restricted residence. He then started what he called an informal new 'Plato's Academy' - his old students would gather at his house in Athens and his teaching continued there.", "title": "Athanasios Roussopoulos" }, { "docid": "2420319#19", "text": "Despite the Platonic Academy being destroyed in the first century BC, the philosophers continued to teach Platonism in Athens during the Roman era, but it was not until the early 5th century (c. 410) that a revived academy (which had no connection with the original Academy) was established by some leading Neoplatonists. The origins of Neoplatonist teaching in Athens are uncertain, but when Proclus arrived in Athens in the early 430s, he found Plutarch of Athens and his colleague Syrianus teaching in an Academy there. The Neoplatonists in Athens called themselves \"successors\" (\"diadochoi\", but of Plato) and presented themselves as an uninterrupted tradition reaching back to Plato, but there cannot have actually been any geographical, institutional, economic or personal continuity with the original academy. The school seems to have been a private foundation, conducted in a large house which Proclus eventually inherited from Plutarch and Syrianus. The heads of the Neoplatonic Academy were Plutarch of Athens, Syrianus, Proclus, Marinus, Isidore, and finally Damascius. The Neoplatonic Academy reached its apex under Proclus (died 485).", "title": "Platonic Academy" }, { "docid": "15652031#1", "text": "The Neoplatonic Florentine Academy was founded after Gemistus Pletho reintroduced Plato's thoughts to Western Europe during the 1438–39 Council of Florence. It was sponsored by Cosimo de' Medici, led by Marsilio Ficino and supported by Medici until death of Lorenzo Medici. It was never a formal group but the members considered themselves a modern form of Plato's Academy. Important members were Poliziano, Cristoforo Landino, Pico della Mirandola, and Gentile de' Becchi. The academy would proceed to translate into Latin all of Plato's works, the Enneads of Plotinus, and various other Neoplatonic works.", "title": "Platonic Academy (Florence)" }, { "docid": "2221011#9", "text": "Platonism was originally expressed in the dialogues of Plato, in which the figure of Socrates is used to expound certain doctrines, that may or may not be similar to the thought of the historical Socrates, Plato's master. Plato delivered his lectures at the Academy, a precinct containing a sacred grove outside the walls of Athens. The school continued there long after Plato's death. There were three periods: the Old, Middle, and New Academy. The chief figures in the Old Academy were Speusippus (Plato's nephew), who succeeded him as the head of the school (until 339 BC), and Xenocrates (until 313 BC). Both of them sought to fuse Pythagorean speculations on number with Plato's theory of forms.", "title": "Platonism" }, { "docid": "149170#11", "text": "In ancient Greece, after the establishment of the original Academy, Plato's colleagues and pupils developed spin-offs of his method. Arcesilaus, a Greek student of Plato established the Middle Academy. Carneades, another student, established the New Academy. In 335 BC, Aristotle refined the method with his own theories and established the Lyceum in another gymnasium.", "title": "Academy" }, { "docid": "2420319#12", "text": "Diogenes Laërtius divided the history of the Academy into three: the Old, the Middle, and the New. At the head of the Old he put Plato, at the head of the Middle Academy, Arcesilaus, and of the New, Lacydes. Sextus Empiricus enumerated five divisions of the followers of Plato. He made Plato founder of the first Academy; Arcesilaus of the second; Carneades of the third; Philo and Charmadas of the fourth; and Antiochus of the fifth. Cicero recognised only two Academies, the Old and New, and had the latter commence with Arcesilaus.", "title": "Platonic Academy" } ]

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[ { "docid": "2332327#7", "text": "People get liver cancer (also called \"hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC\" or \"hepatoma)\" typically from a prolonged Hepatitis B or C infection or as a result of cirrhosis from chronic alcoholism. Liver cancer may bring about yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), itching (pruritus), or cause a buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites). A person may feel an enlarging mass, or the cancer might be revealed by abnormal liver function tests.", "title": "Gastrointestinal cancer" }, { "docid": "12284396#0", "text": "Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis, is more common than that which starts in the liver. Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, and weakness.\nThe leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcohol. Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver flukes. The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which makes up 80% of cases, and cholangiocarcinoma. Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm. The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging with confirmation by tissue biopsy.\nPreventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease. Treatment options may include surgery, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. In certain cases ablation therapy, embolization therapy, or liver transplantation may be used. Small lumps in the liver may be closely followed.\nPrimary liver cancer is globally the sixth most frequent cancer (6%) and the second leading cause of death from cancer (9%). In 2012 it occurred in 782,000 people and in 2015 resulted in 810,500 deaths. In 2015, 263,000 deaths from liver cancer were due to hepatitis B, 167,000 to hepatitis C, and 245,000 to alcohol. Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Males are more often affected with HCC than females. Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old. Five-year survival rates are 18% in the United States. The word \"hepatic\" is from the Greek \"hêpar\", meaning \"liver\".", "title": "Liver cancer" }, { "docid": "12284396#5", "text": "Viral infection with either hepatitis C virus (HCV) or Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the chief cause of liver cancer in the world today, accounting for 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The viruses cause HCC because massive inflammation, fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis occurs within the liver. HCC usually arises after cirrhosis, with an annual incidence of 1.7% in cirrhotic HCV-infected individuals. Around 5-10% of individuals that become infected with HBV become chronic carriers, and around 30% of these acquire chronic liver disease, which can lead to HCC. HBV infection is also linked to cholangiocarcinoma. The role of viruses other than HCV or HBV in liver cancer is much less clear, although there is some evidence that co-infection of HBV and hepatitis D virus may increase the risk of HCC.", "title": "Liver cancer" } ]

[ { "docid": "14902164#0", "text": "Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) is a medical procedure that delivers chemotherapy directly to the liver. The procedure, mostly used in combination with systemic chemotherapy, plays a role in the treatment of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although surgical resection remains the standard of care for these liver metastases, majority of patients have lesions that are unresectable.\nThe liver derives its blood supply from two sources – via the hepatic arterial circulation and the portal circulation. Liver metastases get most of their blood supply primarily from the hepatic artery, whereas the normal liver cells get their blood supply from the portal circulation. This allows for chemotherapeutic drugs to be delivered directly to the cancer cells if infused into the hepatic artery. \nMultiple trials have compared HAI (with various chemotherapeutic agents) to systemic chemotherapy. Compared to systemic Fluoropyrimidine, HAI with Floxuridine (FUDR) had an increased response, but there was no overall increase in patient survival. Efforts have been made to increase the efficacy and safety of HAI chemotherapy: when a combination of FUDR and dexamethasone was used for HAI, both response rate and median survival increased. In another study, a combination of FUDR and leucovorin for HAI increased the response rate, and reduced the biliary toxicity seen with the use of FUDR alone.\nConsidering improvements in the surgical placement of the HAI pump and studies showing promising results when HAI therapy is used together with systemic oxaliplatin or irinotecan, there is once again an increased interest in the role of HAI as a treatment option in patients with cancer, who have unresectable CRC liver metastases. However, studies recommend that this treatment modality be restricted to centers with expertise in the surgical placement of these pumps, and the technical aspects of localized chemotherapy.", "title": "Hepatic arterial infusion" }, { "docid": "32097418#3", "text": "Charles Olweny served as the director of the Uganda Cancer Institute, from 1972 until 1982. Under his stewardship, the team of Ugandan medical researchers that he led were the first group to demonstrate that liver cancer could be successfully treated with chemotherapy using the drug doxorubicin, which is still the mainstay of treatment for liver cancer today. They were also able to confirm that Burkitt lymphoma could be cured with a high dose of chemotherapy and showed that the same was true for childhood Hodgkin disease. They documented the incidence of endemic Kaposi sarcoma in children and conducted clinical trials on how to treat it.", "title": "Charles Olweny" }, { "docid": "12284396#1", "text": "The most frequent liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of all primary liver cancers, is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (also named \"hepatoma\", which is a misnomer because adenomas are usually benign). HCC is a cancer formed by liver cells, known as hepatocytes, that become malignant. Another type of cancer formed by liver cells is hepatoblastoma, which is specifically formed by immature liver cells. It is a rare malignant tumor that primarily develops in children, and accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers in children and 79% of all primary liver cancers under the age of 15. Most hepatoblastomas form in the right lobe.", "title": "Liver cancer" }, { "docid": "12284396#12", "text": "Prevention of cancers can be separated into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention preemptively reduces exposure to a risk factor for liver cancer. One of the most successful primary liver cancer preventions is vaccination against hepatitis B. Vaccination against the hepatitis C virus is currently unavailable. Other forms of primary prevention are aimed at limiting transmission of these viruses by promoting safe injection practices, screening blood donation products, and screening high-risk asymptomatic individuals. Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. Reducing alcohol abuse, obesity, and diabetes would also reduce rates of liver cancer. Diet control in hemochromatosis could decrease the risk of iron overload, decreasing the risk of cancer.", "title": "Liver cancer" }, { "docid": "237585#30", "text": "Surgical removal of the tumor is associated with better cancer prognosis, but only 10-15% of patients are suitable for surgical resection due to the extent of disease or poor liver function. Surgery is only considered if the entire tumor can be safely removed while preserving sufficient functional liver to maintain normal physiology. Thus, preoperative imaging assessment is critical to determine both the extent of HCC and to estimate the amount of residual liver remaining after surgery. To maintain liver function, residual liver volume should exceed 25% of total liver volume in a noncirrhotic liver, greater than 40% in a cirrhotic liver. Surgery on diseased or cirrhotic livers is generally associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The overall recurrence rate after resection is 50-60%. The Singapore Liver Cancer Recurrence score can be used to estimate risk of recurrence after surgery.", "title": "Hepatocellular carcinoma" }, { "docid": "12284396#13", "text": "Secondary prevention includes both cure of the agent involved in the formation of cancer (carcinogenesis) and the prevention of carcinogenesis if this is not possible. Cure of virus-infected individuals is not possible, but treatment with antiviral drugs such as interferon can decrease the risk of liver cancer. Chlorophyllin may have potential in reducing the effects of aflatoxin.", "title": "Liver cancer" }, { "docid": "12284396#10", "text": "Many imaging modalities are used to aid in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. For HCC these include sonography (ultrasound), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When imaging the liver with ultrasound, a mass greater than 2 cm has more than 95% chance of being HCC. The majority of cholangiocarcimas occur in the hilar region of the liver, and often present as bile duct obstruction. If the cause of obstruction is suspected to be malignant, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), ultrasound, CT, MRI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are used.", "title": "Liver cancer" }, { "docid": "18517438#7", "text": "The Answer to Cancer (A2C) run was founded by Adrian Elkins, a 20-year-old student at Southern Oregon University who was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2002. Had he known during his childhood that his ethnicity and chronic hepatitis B infection increased his chance of developing liver cancer by 100%, he would have been regularly monitored for liver damage. He had no idea that hepatitis B—a disease he contracted at birth in Calcutta, India—causes 80% of the world's liver cancer cases. Adrian battled his disease for ten months, working tirelessly to organize an event to raise money for liver cancer research. Adrian saw the first-ever A2C run take place on 8 August 2003. Thanks to the generous support of friends, families and numerous companies, the 2003 Answer to Cancer Race was able to raise more than $20,000 for three charities and reach out to more than 240 participants. Adrian died only eight days after this first race.", "title": "LIVERight" }, { "docid": "12284396#15", "text": "Partial surgical resection is the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when patients have sufficient hepatic function reserve. Increased risk of complications such as liver failure can occur with resection of cirrhotic (i.e. less-than-optimally functional) livers. 5-year survival rates after resection have massively improved over the last few decades and can now exceed 50%. However, recurrence rates after resection can exceed 70%, whether due to spread of the initial tumor or formation of new tumors . Liver transplantation can also be considered in cases of HCC where this form of treatment can be tolerated and the tumor fits specific criteria (such as the Milan criteria). In general, patients who are being considered for liver transplantation have multiple hepatic lesions, severe underlying liver dysfunction, or both. Less than 30-40% of individuals with HCC are eligible for surgery and transplant because the cancer is often detected at a late stage. Also, HCC can progress during the waiting time for liver transplants, which can prevent transplant due to the strict criteria.", "title": "Liver cancer" } ]

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[ { "docid": "1494296#4", "text": "In early 1902, he established the Buick Manufacturing Company, with the objectives of marketing engines to other car companies, and manufacturing and selling its own cars. Manufacturing and development problems ensued, and, at the end of 1902, Buick was out of money with only one car to show for his work. The concentration on development had produced the revolutionary \"Valve-in-Head\" overhead valve engine. This method of engine construction produces a much more powerful engine than the rival side valve engine design used by all other manufacturers at the time. Overhead valve engines are used by most car manufacturers today, but now only GM and Chrysler produce the \"push-rod\" variant with any regularity. Since overhead cam engines are design variants of OHV engines, it is fair to classify virtually all modern engines as derivatives of Buick's invention.", "title": "David Dunbar Buick" }, { "docid": "42254#3", "text": "Buick is one of the oldest automobile brands in the world and the oldest in the United States. (Autocar, founded in 1897, is the oldest motor vehicle manufacturer in the western hemisphere; while originally an automobile maker, Autocar now builds heavy trucks. Oldsmobile, also an early auto maker founded in 1897, is now defunct; Studebaker was founded in 1852, but did not begin producing automobiles until 1902; Ford produced his first car in 1896 but did not start the Ford Motor Co. until 1903, and during the period in between was involved with other automobile manufacturers such as Cadillac, founded in 1902).", "title": "Buick" } ]

[ { "docid": "1453999#2", "text": "The origins of the Limited name date to 1936 when Buick added names to its entire model lineup to celebrate the engineering improvements and design advancements over their 1935 models. It shared its chassis with the top-level Cadillac D body vehicles. Buick had released a new line of cars that were technically superior to their predecessors by offering such features as all-steel passenger compartment tops (GM's Turret Top design), improved front suspension, improved hydraulic safety braking system, alloy engine pistons and an improved engine cooling system.\nBuick's Series 40 was named the Special, the Series 50 became the Super, the Series 60 was named the Century, the Series 80 was named the Roadmaster, and the Series 90 — Buick's largest and most luxurious vehicle — was named the Limited. The engine was a I8", "title": "Buick Limited" }, { "docid": "32465050#0", "text": "The Buick Club of America (BCA), founded in 1966, is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and restoration of automobiles built by the Buick Motor Division of General Motors Corporation. The Buick Club promotes activities, resources, and friendships. The Buick Club has 8,000+ worldwide members and 70+ local Chapters in nine regions. These chapters promote local networking among Buick enthusiasts. The Club also has seven divisions based on vehicle types instead on geographic locations. One must be a member of the national organization to be a member of a division or chapter.", "title": "Buick Club of America" }, { "docid": "1139282#16", "text": "There was also a rare “Stage 2” option produced. This was a dealer-installed package (known as a \"dealer option\"), first offered in 1969. It included a cam, headers, intake manifold, high compression forged pistons, hollow pushrods, and some calibration changes to the ignition and carburetor . In 1970(?) the Stage 2 package was designed for the 455 and included special round exhaust port Stage 2 heads, matching Kustom brand headers, a radical cam, high compression forged pistons, Edelbrock B4B aluminum intake, Holley carburetor #4781 850 cfm, and other equipment for racing. Few Stage 2s even exist and Buick only ever factory assembled 1 Stage 2 test unit, it was a factory GSX clone test mule with 4-speed manual transmission used for speed testing. That GSX test mule was equipped with 4.78 gearing and was driven on the streets and tracks on the West Coast. The Stage 2 package's existence was not made public until 1972 when the Stage 2 parts could be ordered in any combination. There is little documentation about any Stage 2 cars that were sold. Three are known to exist and all three of these cars were built as Stage 1 cars at the factory. One was owned by Kenne-Bell a factory backed Buick high performance specialist based in California . Sponsored by Reynolds Buick .This car was used as a test car in the development of the Stage 2 components in conjunction with Buick engineering . The second Stage 2 was known as the Jones-Benisek car. The Jones/Benisek car is known to have been delivered as a Stage 1 car .The Stage 2 hood and scoop was added later . The Stage 2 iron heads were purchased by the owner at a local Buick Dealer. The car had a very successful drag racing career with many wins and some world records also. The third Stage 2 is known as Wiley Coyote and as the Turner car. It was originally owned by Bob Thetford and campaigned as \"Wiley Coyote\" in the NHRA. Sponsored by Kenne-Bell and Dunn Buick in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Later it was owned by Jim Turner and was very successful in NMCA winning 5 National Records.", "title": "Buick Gran Sport" }, { "docid": "42254#64", "text": "Buicks were sold in Mexico from 1921 to 1962, when a protectionist policy on behalf of the government restricted the percentage of imported parts that could be used in the manufacture of vehicles and the sale of imported cars. From then onwards, all GM products were sold by Chevrolet dealerships. In 1990, after a heavy modification to the protectionist policy of the sixties, GM started assembling the Buick Century in Mexico, at the plant in Ramos Arizpe, in the state of Coahuila, just south of Texas, and selling it through Mexican Chevrolet dealerships, so it was not uncommon for many people to call it \"Chevrolet Century\". In 1997, GM stopped production of Buicks in Mexico and the brand was not sold there until 2009.", "title": "Buick" }, { "docid": "1868094#3", "text": "The plant originated with Buick before the formation of General Motors. Other elements were built by early manufacturers and suppliers like Fisher Body. The Buick City concept represented a successful attempt by General Motors to experiment with just-in-time manufacturing methods in response to Japanese manufacturers. The experiment included successes: The 1989 Buick LeSabre built in Buick City was ranked the top car in the J.D. Power and Associates rankings for that year; it was the first American built car to appear on the list. In 1999, the year the plant was closed, Buick City won J. D. Power's Platinum Award for assembly plant quality . As of 2016, it is the only General Motors plant to win the award. The closing of GM's manufacturing plants in Flint, and its subsequent economic toll on the community was chronicled in Michael Moore's documentary film, \"Roger & Me\".", "title": "Buick City" }, { "docid": "961424#8", "text": "David Dunbar Buick was a Scottish-born immigrant who moved to Detroit with his parents at the age of two in 1856–57. He quit school to supplement the family's income after his father's 1860 death. In the 1880s, he was a plumbing supplier in the Detroit area, inventing a process that created a cheaper white bathtub. Buick produced a method for permanently coating cast iron with vitreous enamel which allowed the production of \"white\" baths at lower cost. He later sold his plumbing business and the patents to American Standard. Using the profits from this sale, Buick started working on gasoline engines, and later automobiles. He eventually moved his operations from Detroit to the Flint Wagon Works. William Durant managed the fledgling Buick Manufacturing Company, making it the number one car-building company in the country by 1908. Durant later built on the foundation of Buick's company to create General Motors. In honor of Buick's contributions to Flint's manufacturing base, the Flint City Commission proposed naming I-475 after Buick. The freeway passed by the city's Buick plant and many of the employees would use the new freeway on their commutes to work. The Michigan Legislature passed Concurrent Resolution 22 in 1969 to add the name.", "title": "Interstate 475 (Michigan)" }, { "docid": "44109495#0", "text": "Buick-Electra Playhouseis a 90-minute dramatic anthology series produced by and aired on CBS from 1959–1960. It was sponsored by Buick Motors. There were a total of four episodes, all based on Ernest Hemingway's works, \"The Killers\", \"The Fifth Column\", \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\", and \"The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio\".", "title": "Buick-Electra Playhouse" }, { "docid": "4690876#2", "text": "In 1901, the automobile industry was in its infancy when Briscoe helped finance David Buick's first car. In return for the finance, Briscoe gained a 97% interest in the Buick Motor Company. He sold Buick in 1904 to James H. Whiting (1842–1919), owner of Flint (Michigan) Wagon Works, and used the money to help found the Maxwell-Briscoe Motor Company, makers of the Maxwell automobile. This was probably his greatest success in the industry. By 1909 they were the third-biggest American make, with 9,400 sales. The company was backed by J. P. Morgan & Co. and Richard Irvin & Co., but in the panic of 1907, Briscoe had the first of many bad experience with bankers and was forced to do his own financing.", "title": "Benjamin Briscoe" }, { "docid": "168617#5", "text": "The White Stripes had their first live performance on August 14, 1997, at the Gold Dollar bar in Detroit. They began their career as part of the Michigan underground garage rock scene, playing with local bands such as The Hentchmen, The Dirtbombs, The Gories, and Rocket 455. In 1998, Dave Buick—owner of an independent, Detroit-based, garage-punk label called Italy Records—approached the band at a bar and asked if they would like to record a single. Jack initially declined, believing it would be too expensive, but he eventually reconsidered when he realized that Buick was offering to pay for it. Their debut single, \"Let's Shake Hands,\" was released on vinyl in February 1998 with an initial pressing of 1,000 copies. This was followed in October 1998 by the single \"Lafayette Blues\" which, again, was only released on vinyl with copies.", "title": "The White Stripes" } ]

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[ { "docid": "6934693#0", "text": "Zanzibar City (or Zanzibar Town, often simply referred to as Zanzibar; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. It is located on the west coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, roughly due north of Dar es Salaam across the Zanzibar Channel. It also serves as the capital of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region, and qualifies as a district, formally known as Zanzibar Urban District. In 2002 its population was 205,870.", "title": "Zanzibar City" }, { "docid": "34414#0", "text": "Zanzibar (; ; ) is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site.", "title": "Zanzibar" }, { "docid": "611866#0", "text": "Stone Town, also known as Mji Mkongwe (Swahili for \"old town\"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo, Swahili for 'the other side'. Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate, and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century, it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar kept a semi-autonomous status, with Stone Town as its local government seat.", "title": "Stone Town" } ]

[ { "docid": "29446213#3", "text": "Unguja Ukuu is an archeological site on the island of Zanzibar. Zanzibar is located south of the equator, central along the east coast of the African continent. It is positioned 25 miles from land and separated from the African continent by the Zanzibar channel (30–40 m deep). Zanzibar is the largest island of the Zanzibar archipelago. The site of Unguja Ukuu covers 16 hectares and is located between a village and a creek. It lies on the southwestern side of the island. The coordinates for this site are: -6.2987° N, 39.358° E.", "title": "Unguja Ukuu" }, { "docid": "34414#31", "text": "The Anglican Diocese of Zanzibar was created in 1892. The first Bishop of Zanzibar was Charles Smythies, who was translated from his former post as Bishop of Nyasaland. The cathedral, located in Stone Town, Zanzibar City, is a prominent landmark, and a national heritage asset. Having fallen into poor condition, it was fully restored, at a cost of one million Euros, to reopen in 2016, with a world heritage visitor centre. The restoration was supported by the Tanzanian and Zanzibari governments, and spearheaded by the diocese in partnership with the World Monuments Fund. The restoration of the spire, clock, and historic Willis organ are still outstanding. Historically the diocese included mainland locations in Tanganyika. In 1963 it was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Dar es Salaam. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese, and the original was again renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Tanga. In 2001 the mainland links were finally ended, and the name reverted to the original Diocese of Zanzibar. The diocese continues to include the neighbouring island of Pemba. There have been ten bishops of the diocese from 1892 to the present day. The current bishop is Michael Hafidh. It is part of the Province of Tanzania, under the Archbishop of All Tanzania, based at Dodoma.", "title": "Zanzibar" }, { "docid": "6018857#4", "text": "The first Bishop of Zanzibar was Charles Smythies, who was translated from his former post as Bishop of Nyasaland in 1892. Zanzibar Cathedral, located in Stone Town, Zanzibar City, is a prominent landmark, and a national heritage asset. Historically the diocese included mainland locations in Tanganyika, and In 1963 it was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Dar es Salaam. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese, and the original was again renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Tanga. In 2001 the mainland links were finally ended, and the name reverted to the original Diocese of Zanzibar. The diocese continues to include the neighbouring island of Pemba. There have been ten bishops of the diocese from 1892 to the present day.", "title": "Anglican Church of Tanzania" }, { "docid": "30118#4", "text": "Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "docid": "32064267#9", "text": "Zanzibar Land Animals and the Park (ZALA) is a small reserve located about from the Jozani National Park. It is where many animals could be seen in captivity. The park was developed by Mohammad, the Park's Ranger with the objective of educating local children about preserving endangered species and the need for their preservation. The animal species are big pythons. chameleons, geckos, tortoises, crabs, dik-dik (mini gazelle-like animals), striped lizards, monitor lizards and hyrax (looks like a rabbit without ears and is one of the closest living relatives of the elephant). The reserve is set amidst rich vegetation of trees such as orange, lime, grapefruit, nutmeg, banana, ginger, chillies, black pepper and cinnamon.", "title": "Wildlife of Zanzibar" }, { "docid": "8913335#0", "text": "Zanzibar Blue was a jazz club located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Known for its live jazz each night and for Sunday brunch, it branded itself as \"Philadelphia's Premier Jazz Club\". Owned by brothers Robert and Benjamin Jr. Bynum, the club was located in Center City, Philadelphia below the Bellevue on the Avenue of the Arts. Zanzibar Blue opened in 1990 on 11th Street, between Spruce and Pine Streets and later moved to the Bellevue in 1996. The club closed on April 29, 2007, Robert Bynum stating \"we didn't think it was in our best interests to renew [the lease]. We'd rather own [our] building than lease.\" WJJZ, Philadelphia's smooth jazz radio station broadcast Sunday brunches from Zanzibar Blue, and performers such as Lou Rawls, Chick Corea and Chuck Mangione have played there.", "title": "Zanzibar Blue" }, { "docid": "11311014#0", "text": "The Zanzibar is a live music venue located on Seel Street in Liverpool, England best known for being the home of regular clubnights such as \"The Bandwagon\" and \"Valhalla\" among others. Unlike most clubs in Liverpool, the music is generally rock and alternative.", "title": "The Zanzibar" }, { "docid": "34414#7", "text": "Persian, Indian, and Arab traders used Zanzibar as a base for voyages between the Middle East, India, and Africa. Unguja, the larger island, offered a protected and defensible harbor, so although the archipelago offered few products of value, traders settled at Zanzibar City (\"Stone Town\") a convenient point from which to trade with the other Swahili coast towns.", "title": "Zanzibar" } ]

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[ { "docid": "1164255#1", "text": "Muhammad was monogamous for 25 years. After his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid died, he proceeded to marry the wives listed below, and most of them were widows. Muhammad's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca, a city in western Arabia, from the year 570 to 622, and post-hijra in Medina, from 622 until his death in 632. All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra (migration to Medina). Of Muhammad's thirteen wives, at least two, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya, were referred to simply as concubines; however, there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two officially became his wives. Of his thirteen wives, only two bore him children, a fact which has been described as \"curious\" by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "18934#70", "text": "Muhammad's life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca (from 570 to 622), and post-hijra in Medina (from 622 until 632). Muhammad is said to have had thirteen wives in total (although two have ambiguous accounts, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya, as wife or concubine.) Eleven of the thirteen marriages occurred after the migration to Medina.", "title": "Muhammad" } ]

[ { "docid": "7559856#41", "text": "Muslims have often pointed out that Muhammad married Khadija (a widow whose age is estimated to have been 40), when he was 25 years old, and remained monogamous to her for more than 24 years until she died. Norman Geisler frames Muhammad's marriages as a question of moral inconsistency, since Muhammad was unwilling to abide by the revealed limit of four wives that he enjoined on other men. The Quran states that the limit of four wives does not apply to Muhammad. Muslims have generally responded that the marriages of Muhammad were not conducted to satisfy worldly desires or lusts, but rather they were done for a higher purpose and due to God's command. Medieval Sufi, Ibn Arabi, sees Muhammad's relationships with his wives as a proof of his superiority amongst men. John Esposito states that polygamy served multiple purposes, including solidifying political alliances among Arab chiefs and marrying widows of companions who died in combat that needed protection.", "title": "Criticism of Muhammad" }, { "docid": "1164255#5", "text": "Before he left for Medina, it was suggested by Khawlah bint Hakim that he marry Sawda bint Zamʿa, who had suffered many hardships after she became a Muslim. Prior to that, Sawda was married to a paternal cousin of hers named As-Sakran bin ‘Amr, and had five or six sons from her previous marriage. There are disagreements in Muslim tradition whether Muhammad first married Sawda or Aisha. In one account, he married Sawda in Shawwal, when Sawda was about 55 years old, in the tenth year of Prophethood, after the death of Khadija. At about the same period, Aisha was betrothed to him. As Sawda got older, and some time after Muhammad's marriage to Umm Salama, some sources claim that Muhammad wished to divorce Sawda. Still other traditions maintain that Muhammad did not intend to divorce her, but only Sawda feared or thought that he would. As a compromise, or because of her old age, Sawda offered to give her turn of Muhammad's conjugal visits to Aisha, stating that she \"was old, and cared not for men; her only desire was to rise on the Day of Judgment as one of his wives\". While some Muslim historians cite this story as a reason of revelation for , others like Rashid Rida dispute this whole account as \"poorly supported\", or mursal.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "1164255#3", "text": "According to Islamic belief, the main objectives of Muhammad's marriages can be divided into four.Muhammad's first marriage was at the age of 25 to the 40-year-old Khadijah. He was married to one woman until the age of 50, after which he is believed to have had multiple wives for the four reasons explained above. With the exception of Aisha, Muhammad only married widows and divorcées or captives.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "1164255#16", "text": "Muhammad, fearing public opinion, was initially reluctant to marry Zaynab. The marriage would seem incestuous to their contemporaries because she was the former wife of his adopted son, and adopted sons were considered the same as biological sons. According to Watt, this \"conception of incest was bound up with old practices belonging to a lower, communalistic level of familial institutions where a child's paternity was not definitely known; and this lower level was in process being eliminated by Islam.\" Muhammad's decision to marry Zaynab was an attempt to break the hold of pre-Islamic ideas over men's conduct in society. The Qur'an, however, indicated that this marriage was a duty imposed upon him by God. It implied that treating adopted sons as real sons was objectionable and that there should now be a complete break with the past. Thus Muhammad, confident that he was strong enough to face public opinion, proceeded to reject these taboos. When Zaynab's waiting period was complete, Muhammad married her. An influential faction in Medina, called \"Hypocrites\" in the Islamic tradition, did indeed criticize the marriage as incestuous. Attempting to divide the Muslim community, they spread rumors as part of a strategy of attacking Muhammad through his wives. According to Ibn Kathir, the relevant Qur'anic verses were a \"divine rejection\" of the Hypocrites' objections. According to Rodinson, doubters argued the verses were in exact conflict with social taboos and favored Muhammad too much. The delivery of these verses, thus, did not end the dissent.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "1164255#33", "text": "Some of Muhammad's widows were active politically in the Islamic state after Muhammad's death. Safiyya, for example, aided the Caliph Uthman during his siege. During the first fitna, some wives also took sides. Umm Salama, for example, sided with Ali, and sent her son Umar for help. The last of Muhammad's wives, Umm Salama lived to hear about the tragedy of Karbala in 680, dying the same year. The grave of the wives of Muhammed is located at al-Baqīʿ Cemetery, Medina.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "29967335#40", "text": "Sheikh Muhammed Rashid was married to nine wives at different times. But this didn’t mean that the sheikh had broken the Islamic code of marriage which allows marrying only four wives at a time. The Islamic code allows the husband to have another wife if one of his wives is dead or if he lost her in divorce. Sheikh Muhammad Rashid was remarried three times because three of his wives were departed from him in death, and he divorced two of them on their own willing. \nHis wives are (Listed in order of their marriage time).From the 27 children of Sheikh Muhammad Rashid, only 17 of them passed the stage of infancy. They are (according their birth date) Muttaqii, Hanifa, Ahmad Taqi, Ahmad Sadiq, Aliyyu, Israfil, Bahjaa, Rumana, Taqiyyaa, Shamsuddin, Jumana, Iskandar, Mustafa, Su’aad, Muqaddam, Ya’sub and Jihbiz. And from among these children, Ahmad Taqi, Aliyyu and Rumana are diseased and all the rest are alive.", "title": "Sheikh Muhammad Rashid Bilal" }, { "docid": "1164255#22", "text": "According to a hadith, Muhammad's contemporaries believed that due to Safiyya's high status, it was only befitting that she be manumitted and married to Muhammad. Modern scholars believe that Muhammad married Safiyya as part of reconciliation with the Jewish tribe and as a gesture of goodwill. John L. Esposito states that the marriage may have been political or to cement alliances. Haykal opines that Muhammad's manumission of and marriage to Safiyaa was partly in order to alleviate her tragedy and partly to preserve their dignity, and compares these actions to previous conquerors who married the daughters and wives of the kings whom they had defeated. According to some, by marrying Safiyyah, Muhammad aimed at ending the enmity and hostility between Jews and Islam.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" }, { "docid": "1164255#29", "text": "As part of the treaty of Hudaybiyah, Muhammad visited Mecca for the lesser pilgrimage. There Maymuna bint al-Harith proposed marriage to him. Muhammad accepted, and thus married Maymuna, the sister-in-law of Abbas, a longtime ally of his. By marrying her, Muhammad also established kinship ties with the banu Makhzum, his previous opponents. As the Meccans did not allow him to stay any longer, Muhammad left the city, taking Maymuna with him. Her original name was \"Barra\" but the Prophet called her \"Maymuna\", meaning the blessed, as his marriage to her had also marked the first time in seven years when he could enter his hometown Mecca.", "title": "Muhammad's wives" } ]

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[ { "docid": "18581372#0", "text": "Ian McDiarmid (; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish character actor and director. He has appeared in 47 films since 1976. He portrayed Emperor Palpatine in the \"Star Wars\" film series. He has received an Olivier Award for Best Actor and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performances.", "title": "Ian McDiarmid" } ]

[]

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[ { "docid": "834193#2", "text": "The trend of countries to increase the number of ODI matches they play means that the aggregate lists are dominated by modern players, though this trend is reversing as teams play more Twenty20 Internationals. Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar has scored the most runs in ODIs with a total of 18,426. Sri Lankan spinner Muttiah Muralitharan is the highest ODI wicket-taker with a total of 534 wickets. The record for most dismissals by a wicket-keeper is held by Kumar Sangakkara of Sri Lanka while the record for most catches by a fielder is held by Sri Lankan Mahela Jayawardene.", "title": "List of One Day International cricket records" } ]

[ { "docid": "48290319#2", "text": "Wasim Akram, regarded as \"one of the greatest left-arm bowlers in the history of world cricket\", holds several Test records. He holds the record for the most Test wickets (414) as well as the record for the most number of five wickets per innings (25) for Pakistan. Akram also holds the record of highest individual score batting at number 8 (257 not out) in Test cricket. This feat was achieved in 1996 playing against Zimbabwe . Abdul Qadir's nine wickets for 56 runs, against England at Gaddafi Stadium in 1987, is the best bowling figures in an innings by a Pakistani bowler. 14 wickets for 116 runs by Imran Khan against Sri Lanka in 1982 at the same ground is the best bowling performance in a Test by a Pakistani player. He also holds the record for best bowling average for Pakistan with 22.81. Younis Khan took 139 catches from 118 matches as fielder, the most by a Pakistani and twelfth-highest overall. Wasim Bari is Pakistan's most successful wicket-keeper having taken 228 dismissals; he is eleventh in the list of most number of dismissals in Test cricket.\nThe top five records are listed for each category, except in \"team wins, losses, and draws\" and \"highest wicket partnerships\". Tied records for the fifth place are listed as well. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate.", "title": "List of Pakistan Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "407754#52", "text": "Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history of both Test and ODI cricket, holds a large number of national batting records. He holds the record of most appearances in both Tests and ODIs, most runs in both Tests and ODIs and most centuries in Tests and ODIs. The highest score by an Indian is the 319 scored by Virender Sehwag in Chennai. It is the second triple century in Test cricket by an Indian, the first being a 309 also made by Sehwag although against Pakistan. The team's highest ever score was a 759/7 against England at MA Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai in 2016, while its lowest was 42 against England in 1974. In ODIs, the team's highest score is 418/5 against West Indies at Indore in 2011–12. India score 413–5 in a match against Bermuda in 2007 World Cup which is the highest score ever in Cricket World Cup history. In the same match, India set a world record of the highest winning margin in an ODI match of 257 runs.", "title": "India national cricket team" }, { "docid": "2805350#1", "text": "Opening batsman and former captain Alastair Cook holds several England Test cricket records. Playing between 2006 and 2018, he scored 12,472 runs, making him the only England player to score 10,000 Test runs. He scored a record 57 half-centuries and 33 centuries. As a slip fielder, Cook has also taken the most catches for England with 175 and holds the England record for the most catches taken in Test series with 13. Captaining his side from 2010 until he stood down in 2016, Cook holds the record for the most matches played as English skipper with 59, the Test record for the most consecutive matches played with 159 and the record for the most matches played for England with 161.", "title": "List of England Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "19769948#2", "text": "Shane Warne, regarded as one of the best bowlers in the history of the game, holds several Test records. He held the record for the most Test wickets with 708 until December 2007 when Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan passed Warne's milestone. Warne is second only to Muralitharan in taking the most five-wicket hauls in an innings and the most ten-wicket hauls in a Test match. Glenn McGrath, who took 563 wickets in his career, is second only to England's James Anderson for the most wickets taken by a fast bowler in Test cricket. Adam Gilchrist is Australia's most successful wicket-keeper having taken 416 dismissals. He is second only to South Africa's Mark Boucher with 555 to his name. Allan Border, who made his Test debut in 1978 and captained Australia from 1984 until his retirement in 1994, holds the Australian record for the most consecutive matches played with 153 and the record for the most matches played as skipper for Australia with 93.\nThe top five records are listed for each category, except for the team wins, losses, draws and ties and the partnership records. Tied records for fifth place are also included. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate. \n, Australia has played 818 Test matches resulting in 384 victories, 222 defeats, 210 draws and 2 ties for an overall winning percentage of 46.94, the highest winning percentage of Test playing teams. Australia has played the second-highest number of Test matches, behind England who have competed in 1,007. Australia has never lost or drawn a match against Zimbabwe, the only team to do so. Australia is also the only team to win their debut Test match with every other team losing their first Test except Zimbabwe who drew against India.", "title": "List of Australia Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "36709588#0", "text": "Mohammad Babar Azam (; born 15 October 1994) is an international Pakistani cricketer who plays in all three formats for Pakistan. He captained the Pakistan Under-19 cricket team at the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He also holds the record of scoring most runs after first 25 ODI Innings by any batsman in the world. Azam is currently the No. 1 T20I batsman and holds the world record of being the fastest batsman to score 1,000 runs (in just 26 innings) in T20I cricket breaking Virat Kohli's record of 27 innings.", "title": "Babar Azam" }, { "docid": "26161487#2", "text": "Englishmen Peter Denning and Graham Rose, jointly hold the record for most List A appearances for Somerset, while Marcus Trescothick holds the record for the most runs in one-day cricket for Somerset, with 7,374 from his twenty-one years with the county. Barbadian Hallam Moseley ranks as the top wicket-taker, claiming 309 wickets in one-day cricket, nine more than England Test cricketer Ian Botham.", "title": "List of Somerset County Cricket Club players with 100 or more first-class or List A appearances" }, { "docid": "2805350#2", "text": "The most prolific Test wicket-taker for England is James Anderson. Making his debut in 2003, he has taken a total of 570 wickets throughout his 146-match career, – the most by a fast bowler in Test cricket. He has also achieved 27 five-wicket hauls in an innings, equal best with Ian Botham. The record for the most ten-wicket hauls for England is held by Sydney Barnes with seven, who also holds the Test cricket record for the most wickets taken in a series with 49 during the English tour of South Africa in 1913–14. Alan Knott is England's most successful wicket-keeper having taken 269 dismissals. England claims two age records, James Southerton as the oldest player to make his Test debut at 49 and Wilfred Rhodes aged 52 as the oldest cricketer to ever play in a Test match.\nThe top five records are listed for each category, except for the team wins, losses and draws and the partnership records. Tied records for fifth place are also included. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate. All records include matches played for England only, and are correct .\n, England have played 1,008 Test matches resulting in 364 victories, 299 defeats and 345 draws for an overall winning percentage of 36.11, the third highest winning percentage of Test playing teams. England has played the highest number of Test matches, ahead of Australia who have competed in 819. England has been the most successful against Bangladesh, having won nine out of ten Tests against them. England played in the debut Test matches of Australia, India, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the West Indies – winning all of them except against Australia.", "title": "List of England Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "2805350#23", "text": "Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan holds the record for taking the most wickets in Test cricket with 800, followed by Australia's Shane Warne who previously held the record with 708. James Anderson of England is fourth on the list with 570 Test wickets to his name and in September 2018 he passed Australia's Glenn McGrath to become the fast bowler with the most Test wickets. Stuart Broad, with 433, is the second highest England Test wicket-taker and equal eighth overall.", "title": "List of England Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "2805350#56", "text": "Steve Bucknor of the West Indies holds the record for the most Test matches umpired with 128. He is followed by the currently active Aleem Dar from Pakistan who has stood in 123 Test matches and South Africa's Rudi Koertzen who officiated in 108. The most experienced Englishman is David Shepherd who is fifth on the list with 92 Test matches umpired. Dickie Bird, who previously held the record with 66 Tests, is currently eleventh .", "title": "List of England Test cricket records" }, { "docid": "11204543#11", "text": "Frank Woolley holds the Kent record for the most catches by a non-wicket-keeper with 773 taken during his long career with the county. James Seymour is the only other man to take more than 500 catches with 659. Chris Tavaré holds the record for the most catches in a season for Kent with 48 taken in 1978. Seymour took 40 or more catches for the county six times during his career.Kent are known for having produced a line of top-class wicketkeepers. The long-serving Fred Huish holds the record for the most career dismissals for the county. Huish's nine stumpings in one match in 1911 are a world record.", "title": "List of Kent County Cricket Club first-class cricket records" } ]

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[ { "docid": "5884#1", "text": "Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed readings extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.", "title": "Charles Dickens" } ]

[ { "docid": "5884#17", "text": "In November 1836, Dickens accepted the position of editor of \"Bentley's Miscellany\", a position he held for three years, until he fell out with the owner. In 1836 as he finished the last instalments of \"The Pickwick Papers\", he began writing the beginning instalments of \"Oliver Twist\"—writing as many as 90 pages a month—while continuing work on \"Bentley's\" and also writing four plays, the production of which he oversaw. \"Oliver Twist\", published in 1838, became one of Dickens's better known stories, and was the first Victorian novel with a child protagonist.", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "5884#3", "text": "Dickens was regarded as the literary colossus of his age. His 1843 novella, \"A Christmas Carol\", remains popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. \"Oliver Twist\" and \"Great Expectations\" are also frequently adapted, and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel, \"A Tale of Two Cities\", set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised by fellow writers—from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton and Tom Wolfe—for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. On the other hand, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of saccharine sentimentalism. The term \"Dickensian\" is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters.", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "5884#60", "text": "Among fellow writers, Dickens has been both lionised and mocked. Leo Tolstoy, G. K. Chesterton, and George Orwell praised his realism, comic voice, prose fluency, and satiric caricature, as well as his passionate advocacy on behalf of children and the poor. French writer Jules Verne called Dickens his favourite writer, writing his novels \"stand alone, dwarfing all others by their amazing power and felicity of expression.\" Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was inspired by Dickens's novels in several of his paintings like \"Vincent's Chair\" and in an 1889 letter to his sister stated that reading Dickens, especially \"A Christmas Carol\", was one of the things that was keeping him from committing suicide. Oscar Wilde generally disparaged his depiction of character, while admiring his gift for caricature. His late contemporary William Wordsworth, by then Poet laureate, thought him a \"very talkative, vulgar young person\", adding he had not read a line of his work; Dickens in return thought Wordsworth \"a dreadful Old Ass\". Henry James denied him a premier position, calling him \"the greatest of superficial novelists\": Dickens failed to endow his characters with psychological depth and the novels, \"loose baggy monsters\", betrayed a \"cavalier organisation\". Virginia Woolf had a love-hate relationship with his works, finding his novels \"mesmerizing\" while reproving him for his sentimentalism and a commonplace style. Fyodor Dostoyevsky expressed his admiration for the author, \"We understand Dickens in Russia, I am convinced, almost as well as the English, perhaps even with all the nuances. It may well be that we love him no less than his compatriots do. And yet how original is Dickens, and how very English!\".", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "5884#24", "text": "The popularity he gained caused a shift in his self-perception according to critic Kate Flint, who writes that he \"found himself a cultural commodity, and its circulation had passed out his control\", causing him to become interested in and delve into themes of public and personal personas in the next novels. She writes that he assumed a role of \"influential commentator\", publicly and in his fiction, evident in his next few books. His trip to the U.S. ended with a trip to Canada: Niagara Falls, Toronto, Kingston and Montreal where he appeared on stage in light comedies.\nSoon after his return to England, Dickens began work on the first of his Christmas stories, \"A Christmas Carol\", written in 1843, which was followed by \"The Chimes\" in 1844 and \"The Cricket on the Hearth\" in 1845. Of these, \"A Christmas Carol\" was most popular and, tapping into an old tradition, did much to promote a renewed enthusiasm for the joys of Christmas in Britain and America. The seeds for the story became planted in Dickens's mind during a trip to Manchester to witness the conditions of the manufacturing workers there. This, along with scenes he had recently witnessed at the Field Lane Ragged School, caused Dickens to resolve to \"strike a sledge hammer blow\" for the poor. As the idea for the story took shape and the writing began in earnest, Dickens became engrossed in the book. He later wrote that as the tale unfolded he \"wept and laughed, and wept again\" as he \"walked about the black streets of London fifteen or twenty miles many a night when all sober folks had gone to bed.\"", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "5884#52", "text": "A pioneer of serialised fiction, most of Dickens's major novels were first written in monthly or weekly instalments in journals such as \"Master Humphrey's Clock\" and \"Household Words\", later reprinted in book form. These instalments made the stories affordable and accessible, and the series of regular cliffhangers made each new episode widely anticipated. When \"The Old Curiosity Shop\" was being serialised, American fans waited at the docks in New York harbor, shouting out to the crew of an incoming British ship, \"Is little Nell dead?\" Dickens's talent was to incorporate this episodic writing style but still end up with a coherent novel at the end.", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "441425#0", "text": "Bleak House is a novel by English author Charles Dickens, first published as a serial of 20 episodes between March 1852 and September 1853. The novel has many characters and several sub-plots, and the story is told partly by the novel's heroine, Esther Summerson, and partly by an omniscient narrator. At the centre of \"Bleak House\" is a long-running legal case in the Court of Chancery, \"Jarndyce and Jarndyce\", which came about because a testator wrote several conflicting wills. In a preface to the 1853 first edition, Dickens claimed there were many actual precedents for his fictional case. One such was probably the Thellusson v Woodford case in which a will read in 1797 was contested and not determined until 1859. Though the legal profession criticised Dickens's satire as exaggerated, this novel helped support a judicial reform movement which culminated in the enactment of legal reform in the 1870s.", "title": "Bleak House" }, { "docid": "2243028#3", "text": "Charles Dickens is the most famous Victorian novelist. Extraordinarily popular in his day with his characters taking on a life of their own beyond the page; Dickens is still one of the most popular and read authors of the world. His first novel, \"The Pickwick Papers\" (183637) written when he was twenty-five, was an overnight success, and all his subsequent works sold extremely well. The comedy of his first novel has a satirical edge and this pervades his writing. Dickens worked diligently and prolifically to produce the entertaining writing that the public wanted, but also to offer commentary on social problems and the plight of the poor and oppressed. His most important works include \"Oliver Twist\" (1837–39), \"Nicholas Nickleby\" (183839)\", A Christmas Carol\" (1843), \"Dombey and Son\" (1846–48), \"David Copperfield\" (184950), \"Bleak House\" (185253), \"Little Dorrit\" (185557), \"A Tale of Two Cities\" (1859), and \"Great Expectations\" (186061). There is a gradual trend in his fiction towards darker themes which mirrors a tendency in much of the writing of the 19th century.", "title": "Victorian literature" }, { "docid": "11731756#0", "text": "The bibliography of Charles Dickens (1812–70) includes more than a dozen major novels, a large number of short stories (including Christmas-themed stories and ghost stories), several plays, several non-fiction books, and individual essays and articles. Dickens's novels were serialized initially in weekly or monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats.", "title": "Charles Dickens bibliography" }, { "docid": "5884#65", "text": "Dickens published well over a dozen major novels and novellas, a large number of short stories, including a number of Christmas-themed stories, a handful of plays, and several non-fiction books. Dickens's novels were initially serialised in weekly and monthly magazines, then reprinted in standard book formats.", "title": "Charles Dickens" }, { "docid": "843511#45", "text": "Critics have had diverse opinions on the novel. John Ruskin declared \"Hard Times\" to be his favourite Dickens work due to its exploration of important social questions. However, Thomas Macaulay branded it \"sullen socialism\", on the grounds that Dickens did not fully comprehend the politics of the time. George Bernard Shaw argued \"Hard Times\" to be a novel of \"passionate revolt against the whole industrial order of the modern world.\" But he criticised the novel for failing to provide an accurate account of trade unionism of the time, arguing that Slackbridge, the poisonous orator, was \"a mere figment of middle-class imagination.\" Believing that it was very different from Dickens's other novels, Shaw also said: \"Many readers find the change disappointing. Others find Dickens worth reading almost for the first time.\"", "title": "Hard Times (novel)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "2415924#0", "text": "Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park is a regional park in King County, Washington, near the towns of Bellevue and Issaquah. The park was established in June 1983 to protect the central core of Cougar Mountain, the park covers with of hiking trails and of equestrian trails. \nThere are four major trailheads within the park. Maps are available at these trailheads, and there are directional signs at major trail intersections. Equestrian access is available at all but the first of these. Bicycles are not allowed on any trails.", "title": "Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park" }, { "docid": "25587234#0", "text": "Cougar Mountain is a peak in the Issaquah Alps in King County, Washington. It is part of the highlands in the Eastside suburbs of Seattle, and is the lowest and westernmost of the Alps. About two-thirds of Cougar Mountain has experienced residential development, and is home to many neighborhood communities such as Lakemont, but the forested heart of the hill was officially preserved by King County in June 1983 as Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. Cougar Mountain is also home to the Cougar Mountain Zoo.", "title": "Cougar Mountain" } ]

[ { "docid": "2415924#2", "text": "The park is bordered on the north by the Lakemont neighborhood in the city of Bellevue and on the northeast by the city of Issaquah. The park is bounded on the east by the 260-acre Talus Open Space. State Route 900 forms the southeastern border. Neighboring Squak Mountain looms to the southeast and the farms of May Creek valley lie to the south. To the southwest is the city of Renton. The city of Newcastle, ranging over the Newport Hills occupies the western portion of Cougar Mountain, with several smaller parcels designated the China Creek Open Space abutting the park on the west and housing surrounding the Newcastle Golf Club directly to the west. To the northwest of the Red Town Trailhead is the deep gully of Coal Creek, with its own separate park, the Coal Creek Natural Area managed by the City of Bellevue which divides Newcastle from Bellevue. A 4-1/2 mile trail through the latter continues down to I-405. The park is fully within the Mountains to Sound Greenway.The hilltops of Cougar Mountain form a rough horseshoe-shape around the Klondike Marsh headwaters of Coal Creek, which runs northwest to Lake Washington through Coal Creek Park. Long Marsh Creek, Far Country Creek, Cabbage Creek, and Wilderness Creek are tributaries of May Creek, draining the south side of Cougar Mountain to Lake Washington. Deeply etching the sandstone precipice on the north and east side, Lewis Creek, Kline Creek, AA Creek, West Tibbets Creek, and Claypit Creek carry their water to Lake Sammamish.There are five named waterfalls within or near Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park.A notice on the official Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlands Park map cautions \"Due to safety hazards from historical mining activities in this park you must stay on the trails identified on this map.\" Copies of the map are available at the major trailheads.\nThere are a few trails between the \"official\" ones in the park and the developed properties adjacent. Some of these trails are on non-county public property or private property unlikely to be developed due to wetness or access issues.", "title": "Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park" }, { "docid": "25213524#0", "text": "Cougar Mountain Zoo is an zoological park located in Issaquah, Washington, on the north slope of Cougar Mountain about east of Seattle. It is located near the border of the Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park. The zoo focuses on endangered species including lemurs from Madagascar, Bengal tigers, and endangered birds from various parts of the world. It was founded in 1972 by Peter and Marcie Rittler who operated it admission-free for its first 15 years. In 1990, the founders donated it to the Zoological Society of Washington which assumed the zoo's management and fundraising endeavors. As of 2009, Peter Rittler continued in the zoo's management.", "title": "Cougar Mountain Zoo" }, { "docid": "2415924#3", "text": "Now an open field near the Sky Country Trailhead, this was an anti-aircraft Nike missile installation during the Cold War used to protect the region from nuclear attack by Soviet long range strategic bombers. All that is left from that era are a few concrete pads, landscaping features, a deteriorating chain-link fence, and an interpretive sign. Current amenities include restrooms, picnic tables, a playfield, wildlife interpretive signs, and access to the great trail system. The radar site supporting these missiles was located on Anti-Aircraft Peak one mile to the northeast where another interpretive sign provides more history of the site.", "title": "Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park" }, { "docid": "6922108#1", "text": "It was established by the Alberta Government in 2001 under the \"Special Places program\" by Order in Council 308/2001. At , it is the largest provincial protected area in Alberta. (The nearby Wood Buffalo National Park is managed by the federal government.)", "title": "Caribou Mountains Wildland Park" }, { "docid": "6945403#1", "text": "Because of their unique environment, Caribou Mountains Wildland Park , was created in 2001 as part of the Special Places program. The largest provincial Wildland Park in the province, its fragile ecosystem contains sensitive wetlands, permafrost habitat and rich bird breeding habitat. \"A population of up to 120 wood bison, an endangered species, lives in the Wentzel Lake area in small groups of up to 15 animals.\"", "title": "Caribou Mountains (Alberta)" }, { "docid": "46622620#4", "text": "On January 5, 2019, following alleged bullying and intimidation of the proposed Bighorn Wildland Provincial Park supporters, Minister Phillips issued a statement announcing that public consultations that were planned for Drayton Valley, Edmonton, Red Deer, and Sundre, would be cancelled and with announcements of alternative consultations. The Bighorn Wildland Provincial Park is a proposed provincial park that would be situated near Rocky Mountain House. The proposed area to be set is \"about the size of Rhode Island\" and is the largest of four proposals for \"new or expanded\" parks. The proposed region, situated between Banff National Park and Jasper National Park , would provide a vast and critical wildlife corridor for numerous wildlife species, including sensitive species, such as bull trout—Alberta’s provincial fish, wolverine, and grizzly bears, that would extend from Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming in the south to the Yukon in Northern Canada. According to a January 7, 2019 article in \"The Globe and Mail\", some residents of Rocky Mountain House, a town of 7,000, led by United Conservative Party (UCP) Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (MLA) for Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre, Jason Nixon, oppose the creation of the park. Nixon has made unfounded claims that the plan is a \"foreign-funded plot to wall off the back country to Albertans who call the region home\".", "title": "Shannon Phillips" }, { "docid": "2278829#8", "text": "Many of the names for peaks, creeks, wetlands, and trails on Cougar Mountain were invented by Harvey Manning. He discovered Coal Creek Falls and beat a trail to it, and discovered the foundation for the steam hoist in Red Town. With the goal of preserving wildlands within urban King County, Manning designated (in the pages of \"Footsore 1\") the odd twenty mile-long spur of Cascade Mountain foothills along I-90 near Seattle as the \"Issaquah Alps\" and founded the Issaquah Alps Trails Club in 1979. The club serves to improve and publicize hiking around Issaquah, Washington. A bronze statue of Manning stands in an Issaquah park.", "title": "Harvey Manning" }, { "docid": "10362247#1", "text": "The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) established a camp in 1935 at the present park site. The National Park Service (NPS) which managed the camp, proposed to help Oklahoma to develop a system of state parks, using CCC workers who were already trained in all aspects of park development. The state legislature created the Oklahoma Parks Commission, State Fish and Game Commission, under the auspices of the Oklahoma Fish and Game Commission, to manage the newly created system, and provided funding of $10,000. The City of Altus and private donors bought of land for the park. NPS spent about USD500,000 building roads, trails, rest rooms and other amenities. Quartz Mountain became one of the first seven state parks in Oklahoma when the NPS turned the completed project over to the state in 1937.", "title": "Quartz Mountain Nature Park" } ]

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[ { "docid": "11049#0", "text": "The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA ; French for 'International Federation of Association Football') is an organization which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, fútsal, beach soccer, and eFootball. FIFA is responsible for the organization of football's major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991.", "title": "FIFA" } ]

[ { "docid": "649954#18", "text": "\"FIFA 08\" introduced a new game mode called \"Be a Pro\", in which the player controls only a single player on the field. This version also introduced a larger club section including the League of Ireland, and the Hyundai A-League of Australia, for the first time. Unlike \"FIFA 06\" and \"07\" however, \"FIFA 08\" does not include any memorable moments or season highlights. FIFA 08 does not have a version for the original Xbox, which means that \"FIFA 07\" was the last game of the series to feature on the console. The Xbox 360 has taken over permanently since \"FIFA 08\".", "title": "FIFA (video game series)" }, { "docid": "14046416#2", "text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.", "title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase" } ]

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[ { "docid": "18933066#21", "text": "Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams–Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson, on behalf of the U.S. federal government, served as a military commissioner with the powers of governor of the newly acquired territory for a brief period. On March 30, 1822, the U.S. Congress merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory.\nBy the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the U.S. government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles offered sanctuary to blacks, and these became known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.", "title": "Florida" }, { "docid": "3648473#15", "text": "Spain ceded Florida to the United States as part of the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, and Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821. Coastal trade with other markets continued to expand and towns like Jacksonville, Pensacola and Tampa became important ports. After becoming a U.S. territory, the federal government began building a series of lighthouses as aids to navigation along the coasts of Florida to mark dangerous headlands, shoals, bars and reefs.", "title": "Maritime history of Florida" }, { "docid": "41288418#0", "text": "The Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida, often referred to as the Florida Territorial Council or Florida Territorial Legislative Council, was the legislative body governing the American territory of Florida (Florida Territory) before statehood. The territory of Florida was acquired by the U.S. in 1821 under the Adams–Onís Treaty. Replacing the form of martial law that had existed in the territory since Florida was acquired, the U.S. Congress in 1822 established a territorial government consisting of a governor, secretary, thirteen-member Legislative Council, and judiciary, all of whom were appointed by the U.S. president.", "title": "Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida" }, { "docid": "179184#37", "text": "In 1810, parts of West Florida were annexed by proclamation of President James Madison, who claimed the region as part of the Louisiana Purchase. These parts were incorporated into the newly formed Territory of Orleans. The U.S. annexed the Mobile District of West Florida to the Mississippi Territory in 1812. Spain continued to dispute the area, though the United States gradually increased the area it occupied.Seminole Indians based in East Florida had been raiding Georgia settlements, and runaway American slaves were their allies; Negro Fort, an abandoned British fortification in the far west of the territory, was manned by both Indians and blacks. The United States Army would lead increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known later as the First Seminole War. The United States now effectively controlled East Florida. Control was necessary, according to Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, because Florida had become \"a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage, of the United States, and serving no other earthly purpose than as a post of annoyance to them.\" Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams–Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821.", "title": "History of Florida" }, { "docid": "353264#3", "text": "West Florida was declared to be a U.S. possession in 1810 by President James Madison after the territory had declared its independence from Spain. Madison ordered the U.S. Army to take control. Six weeks later, the army entered and occupied the capital, St. Francisville, putting an end to the republic after 74 days of independence. Spain did not relinquish its claim to sovereignty (see West Florida Controversy) until ratification of the Adams–Onís Treaty. General Andrew Jackson personally accepted the delivery of West Florida from its Spanish governor on July 17, 1821.", "title": "United States territorial acquisitions" }, { "docid": "7850624#0", "text": "The colonial governors of Florida governed Florida during its colonial period (before 1821). The first European known to arrive there was Juan Ponce de León in 1513, but the governorship did not begin until 1565, when Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St. Augustine and was declared Governor and \"Adelantado\" of Florida. This district was subordinated to the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1763, following the transfer of Florida to Britain, the territory was divided into West Florida and East Florida, with separate governors. This division was maintained when Spain resumed control of Florida in 1783, and continued as provincial divisions with the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The Spanish transferred control of Florida to the United States in 1821, and the organized, incorporated Florida Territory was established on March 30, 1822. This became the modern State of Florida on March 3, 1845.", "title": "List of colonial governors of Florida" }, { "docid": "503157#12", "text": "Beginning in late 1835, Osceola and the Seminole allies began a guerrilla war against the U.S. forces. Numerous generals fought and failed, succumbing to the heat and disease as well as lack of knowledge of the land. It was not until General Thomas Jesup captured many of the key Seminole chiefs, including Osceola who died in captivity of illness, that the battles began to die down. The Seminoles were eventually forced to migrate. Florida joined the Union as the 27th state on March 3, 1845. By this time, almost all of the Seminoles were gone, except for a small group living in the Everglades.", "title": "Florida Territory" } ]

[ { "docid": "41288418#8", "text": "Zephaniah Kingsley, a plantation owner, slave trader, and merchant who had polygamous \"marriages\" with four purchased slave women he had emancipated, served a single term and did not run when the Council became elective in 1826. During his time as a Council member, he advocated for the Spanish system of slavery that provided for certain rights to free people of color. Kingsley attempted to influence Florida lawmakers to recognize free people of color and allow mixed-race children to inherit property. Kingsley objected to the law passed by the Council that prohibited mixed-race children from inheriting property. The territory did not recognize interracial marriage or polygamous marriages as legal. The year following Kingsley's death, his sister Martha and her children contested his will as \"defective and invalid\". Kingsley's sister cited Florida law that forbade black people from owning property, and claimed that Anna and Kingsley's other wives had moved to Haiti spontaneously, abandoning the property in Florida to become free people. Anna returned to Florida in 1846 to participate in the Kingsley estate defense, despite the increasingly tense racial climate in Duval County. The court upheld the treaty signed between the U.S. and Spain, stipulating that all free blacks born before 1822 in Florida enjoyed the same legal privileges as they had when Spain controlled East Florida. Anna furthermore asked for, and was granted, the transfer of ownership of slaves who had been sent to the San Jose plantation when the family had moved to Haiti. Her request to rent slaves to other plantations to maximize her profits was rejected by the courts.", "title": "Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida" }, { "docid": "503157#9", "text": "[195 U.S. 138, 142] 'This treaty is the law of the land, and admits the inhabitants of Florida to the enjoyment of the privileges, rights, and immunities of the citizens of the United States. It is unnecessary to inquire whether this is not their condition, independent of stipulation. They do not, however, participate in political power; they do not share in the government till Florida shall become a state. In the meantime Florida continues to be a territory of the United States, governed by virtue of that clause in the Constitution which empowers Congress 'to make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States.\"", "title": "Florida Territory" }, { "docid": "41288418#5", "text": "One of the requirements for a United States territory to become a state of the Union is that its constitution be approved by the United States Congress. In order to fulfill that requirement, an Act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for the election of delegates in October 1838 to a convention to be held at St. Joseph, Florida. The delegates were to draft a constitution and bill of rights for the Territory of Florida. The Constitutional Convention convened on December 3, 1838, with Robert R. Reid presiding as president and Joshua Knowles secretary. The work of the Convention was carried out by eighteen committees, whose members were familiar with that particular area of government. The process was a relatively simple one, since they used the constitutions of several other Southern states as models. Only on the subject of banking did much debate take place. The Convention adjourned \"sine die\" on January 11, 1839.", "title": "Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida" }, { "docid": "2117434#4", "text": "One of the requirements for a United States territory to become a State of the Union is that its constitution must be approved by the United States Congress. In order to fulfill that requirement, an Act was passed by the Florida Territorial Council in 1838, approved by Governor Richard Keith Call, calling for the election of delegates in October 1838 to a convention to be held at St. Joseph, Florida. The delegates were to draft a constitution and bill of rights for the Territory of Florida. The Constitutional Convention convened on December 3, 1838, with Robert R. Reid presiding as president and Joshua Knowles secretary. The work of the Convention was carried out by eighteen committees, whose members were familiar with that particular area of government. The process was a relatively simple one since they used the constitutions of several other Southern states as models. Only on the subject of banking did much debate take place. The Convention adjourned \"sine die\" on January 11, 1839.", "title": "Constitution of Florida" } ]

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[ { "docid": "28450#1", "text": "The exact number of Swahili speakers, be it native or second-language speakers, is unknown and a matter of debate. Various estimates have been put forward and they vary widely, from 50 million to over 100 million. Swahili serves as a national language of four nations: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and the DRC. Shikomor, the official language in Comoros and also spoken in Mayotte (), is related to Swahili. Swahili is also one of the working languages of the African Union and officially recognised as a lingua franca of the East African Community. South Africa legalized the teaching of Swahili in South African schools as an optional subject beginning in 2020.", "title": "Swahili language" } ]

[ { "docid": "25948712#28", "text": "With between 50 – 100 million speakers, Swahili is lexiconically similar to other eastern Bantu languages such as Comorian which have differing levels of mutual intelligibility. Swahili is already used unofficially in many UN organizations as the United Nations Office at Nairobi, one of the four major UN global offices (in addition to offices in New York City, Vienna, and Geneva), is located in Nairobi, Kenya. The media branch of the UN, UN News (https://news.un.org/), already includes translations into Swahili.", "title": "Official languages of the United Nations" }, { "docid": "38436837#5", "text": "Settla features a noun class system that differs from standard Swahili, which like most Bantu languages contains a rich noun class system. Since most Settla speakers are native speakers of English, which lacks a complex noun class system, Settla appears to also have a less complex noun class system than standard Swahili. Although there needs to be more research on the specifics, it can be concluded that the speakers of Settla do not disregard this system, but their patterns do most certainly differ from standard Swahili.", "title": "Settler Swahili" }, { "docid": "31030456#14", "text": "Swahili, known as Kiswahili to its speakers, is used throughout large parts of East Africa and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as a lingua franca, despite being the mother tongue of a relatively small ethnic group on the East African coast and nearby islands in the Indian Ocean. At least as early as the late 18th century, Swahili was used along trading and slave routes that extended west across Lake Tanganyika and into the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. Swahili rose in prominence throughout the colonial era, and has become the predominant African language of Tanzania and Kenya. Some ethnic groups now speak Swahili more often than their mother tongues, and many, especially in urban areas, choose to raise their children with Swahili as their first language, leading to the possibility that several smaller East African languages will fade away as Swahili transitions from being a regional lingua franca to a regional first language.", "title": "List of lingua francas" }, { "docid": "28450#9", "text": "Some 80 percent of approximately 49 million Tanzanians speak Swahili in addition to their first languages. The five eastern provinces of the DRC are Swahili-speaking. Nearly half the 66 million Congolese reportedly speak it. Swahili speakers may number 120 to 150 million in total.", "title": "Swahili language" }, { "docid": "31030456#10", "text": "Lingala is used by over 10 million speakers throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a large part of the Republic of the Congo, as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic, although it has only about two million native speakers. Its status is comparable to that of Swahili in eastern Africa.", "title": "List of lingua francas" }, { "docid": "711738#1", "text": "ǂʼAmkoe is moribund and severely endangered. There are only a few dozen native speakers, most born before 1960 (one Sasi speaker was born in 1971, one N!aqriaxe speaker in 1969), many of whom no longer speak the language fluently. The first language of the younger generations, and even of many older, native speakers who no longer speak ǂʼAmkoe well, is Gǀui, a Khoe language, in the case of N!aqriaxe; Kgalagadi, a Bantu language that is the local lingua franca, in the case of ǂHoan; and the Ngwato dialect of Tswana, in the case of Sasi.", "title": "ǂʼAmkoe language" }, { "docid": "8491077#0", "text": "The Nyanga language (native name \"Kinyanga\") is a language spoken by the Nyanga people in Kivu province, north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Speaker estimates range from 27,000 (Biebuyck & Matheene 1970) to 150,000 (1994 census). Many of the Nyanga speak Congo Swahili, the dominant regional lingua franca, as a second language. Nyanga is a Bantu language. Most of the (scarce) linguistic research conducted on Nyanga has been based on the materials published by Biebuyck and Mateene.", "title": "Nyanga language" }, { "docid": "550670#0", "text": "Soga, or Lusoga, is a Bantu language spoken in Uganda. It is the native language of the Soga people or Basoga of the Busoga region of southern Uganda. With over three million speakers, it is one of the major languages of Uganda, after English, Swahili, and Luganda. However, it is largely restricted to the Busoga region, which is mainly within the natural boundaries of Lake Victoria to the south, Lake Kyoga to the north, the Nile river to the west and the Mpologoma \"(Lion)\" river to the east of Namutumba district. It is tonal.", "title": "Soga language" }, { "docid": "27882375#18", "text": "According to \"Ethnologue\", the Comorian Swahili variety is divided into four principal dialects: Ngazidja, Ndzwani, Maore and Mwawli. Ngazidja is spoken on the Grande Comore Autonomous Island, and has around 312,000 total speakers. Ndzwani is spoken on the Anjouan Autonomous Island, and has roughly 275,000 total speakers. Maore is spoken on the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar islands, and has an estimated 136,500 total speakers. Mwali is spoken on the Moheli Autonomous Island, and has about 28,700 total speakers.", "title": "Shirazi people" } ]

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[ { "docid": "844184#31", "text": "Malwa was the centre of Sanskrit literature during and after the Gupta period. The region's most famous playwright, Kalidasa, is considered to be the greatest Indian writer ever. His first surviving play is \"Malavikagnimitra\" (Malavika and Agnimitra). Kalidasa's second play, his masterpiece, is the Abhijñānaśākuntalam, which tells the story of king Dushyanta, who falls in love with a girl of lowly birth, the lovely Shakuntala. The last of Kalidasa's surviving plays is \"Vikramuurvashiiya\" (\"Urvashi conquered by valour\"). Kalidasa also wrote the epic poems \"Raghuvamsha\" (\"Dynasty of Raghu\"), \"Ritusamhāra\" and \"Kumarasambhava\" (\"Birth of the war god\"), as well as the lyric \"Meghaduuta\" (\"The cloud messenger\").", "title": "Malwa" }, { "docid": "291884#10", "text": "Kālidāsa wrote three plays. Among them, \"Abhijñānaśākuntalam\" (\"Of Shakuntala recognised by a token\") is generally regarded as a masterpiece. It was among the first Sanskrit works to be translated into English, and has since been translated into many languages.", "title": "Kālidāsa" } ]

[ { "docid": "9135475#2", "text": "Nanne Choda famous work is Kumara Sambavam in Telugu. This work is believed to be composed in 10th century before Nannaya's Mahabaratha. Others place Nannechoda between the period of Nannaya and Tikkana. Kumara Sambavam is not the translation of Kalidasa's work of the same name. But Nannechodudu has drawn inspiration from Kalidasa's work as well as other stories of the Saivaite literature. \nHe has dedicated his work to Jangama Mallikarjuna, who was his guru.", "title": "Nanne Choda" }, { "docid": "24014018#1", "text": "The \"Hansa-Sandesha\" owes a great deal to its two poetic predecessors, Kalidasa's \"Meghaduta\" and Valmiki's \"Ramayana\". Vedanta Desika's use of the \"Meghaduta\" is extensive and transparently deliberate; his poem is a response to one of India's most famous poems by its most celebrated poet. Vedanta Desika's debt to Valmiki is perhaps more pervasive but less obvious, and possibly less deliberate too. Where the poet consciously plays with Kalidasa's verse, he treats the \"Ramayana\" more as a much-cherished story. Nevertheless, he is clearly as familiar with the details of Valmiki's poem as with Kalidasa's, and he echoes very specific images and details from the epic.", "title": "Hamsa-Sandesha" }, { "docid": "2536810#3", "text": "According to Dasharatha Sharma, the dramatists Kalidasa and Bhavabhuti utilized the \"Arthashastra\" of Kautilya while composing their famous works. Kalidasa is indebted to Kautilya's \"Arthashastra\" for material in the \"Raghuvamsa\". Similarly, Bhavabhuti utilizes words and ideas from the \"Arthashastra\" in the \"Malatimadhava\" and the \"Mahaviracharita\". There is indeed a striking resemblance between the methods advocated by \"Ravana's\" minister, \"Malayavana\" and the policies suggested by Kautilya in the \"Arthashastra\".", "title": "Bhavabhuti" }, { "docid": "291884#8", "text": "Some scholars, including M. Srinivasachariar and T. S. Narayana Sastri, believe that all the works attributed to \"Kalidasa\" are not by a single person. According to Srinivasachariar, writers from 8th and 9th centuries hint at the existence of three noted literary figures that share the name Kalidasa. These writers include Devendra (author of \"Kavi-Kalpa-Lata\"), Rajashekhara and Abhinanda. Sastri lists the works of these three Kalidasas as follows:Sastri goes on to mention six other literary figures known by the name \"Kalidasa\": Parimala Kalidasa alias Padmagupta (author of \"Navasahasanka Charita\"), Kalidasa alias Yamakakavi (author of \"Nalodaya\"), Nava Kalidasa (author of \"Champu Bhagavata\"), Akbariya Kalidasa (author of several \"samasya\"s or riddles), Kalidasa VIII (author of \"Lambodara Prahasana\"), and Abhinava Kalidasa alias Madhava (author of \"Sankshepa-Sankara-Vijayam\").", "title": "Kālidāsa" }, { "docid": "2685420#5", "text": "Kalidasa, now a renowned poet, is one of the astadiggajas (eight great poets including Daṇḍin) in the court of King Bhoja (Srinivasa Murthy), much to the ire of the elder poet Musuri Krishnamurthy. Bhoja pleads with his dear friend Kalidasa to write a \"charama geethe\" (burial song) for him. Kalidasa refuses, since Bhoja is sure to die once he hears the song. Vidyadhare assumes the name Kaladhare, rests at a prostitute Ratnakala's home and catches Kalidasa's attention. Vidyadhare is pleased to see her husband, but Kalidasa is unaware of his former life. Kalidasa composes his best work \"Abhignaanashaakuntala\" with romantic interests on Vidyadhare.", "title": "Kaviratna Kalidasa" }, { "docid": "543454#8", "text": "Kannada epic poetry mainly consists of Jain religious literature and Lingayat literature. Asaga wrote \"Vardhaman Charitra\", an epic which runs in 18 cantos, in 853 CE, the first Sanskrit biography of the 24th and last tirthankara of Jainism, Mahavira, though his Kannada language version of Kalidasa's epic poem, \"Kumārasambhava\", \"Karnataka Kumarasambhava Kavya\" is lost. The most famous poet from this period is Pampa (902-975 CE), one of the most famous writers in the Kannada language. His \"Vikramarjuna Vijaya\" (also called the \"Pampabharatha\") is hailed as a classic even to this day. With this and his other important work Ādi purāṇa he set a trend of poetic excellence for the Kannada poets of the future. The former work is an adaptation of the celebrated Mahabharata, and is the first such adaptation in Kannada. Noted for the strong human bent and the dignified style in his writing, Pampa has been one of the most influential writers in Kannada. He is identified as \"Adikavi\" \"first poet\". It is only in Kannada that we have a Ramayana and a Mahabharata based on the Jain tradition in addition to those based on Brahmanical tradition.", "title": "Indian epic poetry" }, { "docid": "291884#21", "text": "Kalidasa has had great influence on several Sanskrit works, on all Indian literature. He also had a great impact on Rabindranath Tagore. The Meghadutam's romanticism is found in Tagore's poems on the monsoons. Sanskrit plays by Kalidasa influenced late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century European literature. According to Dale Carnegie, Father of Modern Medicine Sir William Osler always kept on his desk a poem written by Kalidasa.", "title": "Kālidāsa" }, { "docid": "37712682#1", "text": "Kalidasa (Prakash Rai) works in the state archaeological department and is a food lover, he is 45 years old and remains unmarried. His only companion is his cook, Krishna (Thambi Ramaiah). Naveen (Tejus) is Kalidasa's nephew who comes to stay with him while looking for a job. Kalidasa has a normal life until he gets a misdialed phone call from Gowri (Sneha), a dubbing artiste living with her friend Meghana (Samyukta Hornad). Gowri rings to order a Dosa from a restaurant, but gets Kalidasa instead. Their conversations do not go well at first, but a long-distance romance develops due to their common interest—cooking and food. Kalidasa is a born gourmet while Gowri is indulging in culinary activities in memory of her dead mother. Kalidasa starts to let Gowri into the secrets of baking with a multi-layered cake called \"Joan's Rainbow\".", "title": "Un Samayal Arayil" }, { "docid": "2399779#19", "text": "The greatest writer of the time was Kalidasa. Poetry in the Gupta age tended towards a few genres: religious and meditative poetry, lyric poetry, narrative histories (the most popular of the secular literatures), and drama. Kalidasa excelled at lyric poetry, but he is best known for his dramas. We have three of his plays; all of them are suffused with epic heroism, with comedy, and with erotics. The plays all involve misunderstanding and conflict, but they all end with unity, order, and resolution.", "title": "History of Patna" } ]

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[ { "docid": "351234#6", "text": "The coast of Greenock formed a broad bay with three smaller indentations: the Bay of Quick was known as a safe anchorage as far back as 1164. To its east, a sandy bay ran eastwards from the Old Kirk and the West Burn as far as Wester Greenock castle. The fishing village of Greenock developed along this bay, and around 1635 Sir John Schaw had a jetty built into the bay which became known as Sir John's Bay. In that year he obtained a Charter raising Greenock to a Burgh of Barony with rights to a weekly market. Further east, Saint Laurence Bay curved round past the Crawfurd Barony of Easter Greenock to Garvel (or Gravel) Point. When a pier (or dyke) was built making the bay an important harbour, the fishing village of Cartsburn gained the alternative name of Crawfurdsdyke. In 1642 it was made into the Burgh of Barony of Crawfurdsdyke, and part of the ill-fated Darien Scheme set out from this pier in 1697. This town was later renamed Cartsdyke.", "title": "Greenock" } ]

[ { "docid": "16459824#0", "text": "The Greenock Academy was a mixed non-denominational school in the west end of Greenock, Scotland, founded in 1855, originally independent, later a grammar school with a primary department, and finally a Comprehensive school only for ages eleven to eighteen. On 24 June 2011, Greenock Academy closed after a history spanning 156 years. Between 2012 and 2014 the school became the home of BBC One school drama Waterloo Road.", "title": "Greenock Academy" }, { "docid": "351234#73", "text": "Greenock Morton F.C. are the local senior football team who currently play in the Scottish Championship. Founded in 1874 as Morton F.C., they play their home matches at Cappielow. At lower levels of the game, Greenock Juniors F.C. play in the West of Scotland Football League.", "title": "Greenock" }, { "docid": "33459861#0", "text": "Glenpark Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Greenock, Scotland. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 1869 when Greenock played the Players of Scotland. Scotland played their first first-class match there in 1926 against Ireland. The ground held five further first-class matches, the last of which saw Scotland play Ireland in 1972. Five of the first-class matches played there were between Scotland and Ireland, while another was between Scotland and the Marylebone Cricket Club.", "title": "Glenpark Cricket Ground" }, { "docid": "351234#70", "text": "Robert Burns' lover Mary Campbell (Highland Mary) and her father sailed from Campbeltown to visit her brother in Greenock early in October 1786. Her brother fell ill with typhus, which she caught while nursing him. She died of typhus on 20 or 21 October 1786, and was buried in the Old West Kirk graveyard. In 1842 increasing interest in their romance led to a monument being erected by public subscription to mark the grave. In 1920 when the church site was needed to expand Harland and Wolff's shipyard, the monument was moved to its present site in Greenock Cemetery, with her remains being transferred to a casket and re-interred with due ceremony. The church itself was moved and rebuilt in its current location at the west end of the Esplanade in 1926.\nThe novelist John Galt, who founded Guelph, Ontario in 1827, lived in the town and based some of his work, most notably \"Annals of the Parish\" (1821), on Greenock and surrounding towns. He is buried in the Inverkip Street Cemetery. The mother of American comedian and writer Jay Leno, Catherine Muir, was born in Greenock and emigrated to the US as a child. The American actress Julianne Moore is the daughter of the late Anne Love, a former psychiatric social worker who emigrated from Greenock. The Rev William C. Hewitt (minister at Westburn Parish Church in Greenock), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2009–2010, is the first serving minister at a church in Greenock to be appointed.", "title": "Greenock" }, { "docid": "351234#74", "text": "Greenock hosts a rugby union team, Greenock Wanderers RFC, founded in 1873. It is one of the oldest clubs in Scotland.", "title": "Greenock" }, { "docid": "7119#1", "text": "Kidd was born in Dundee, Scotland, c. 1654, his father, Captain John Kyd, being lost at sea. Kidd gave Greenock as his place of birth and his age as 41 in testimony under oath at the High Court of the Admiralty in October 1694 or 1695. A local society supported the Kyd family financially after the death of the father. Kidd's origins in Greenock have been dismissed by David Dobson, who found neither the name Kidd nor Kyd in baptismal records; the myth that his \"father was thought to have been a Church of Scotland minister\" has been discounted, insofar as there is no mention of the name in comprehensive Church of Scotland records for the period. Others still hold the contrary view.", "title": "William Kidd" }, { "docid": "15085631#1", "text": "McNab began his career with Greenock Morton in 1916, playing five seasons with the team until his departure for the United States in 1924. World War I caused the loss of three seasons due to partial suspension of professional sports in Scotland. On 27 April 1922, Greenock won the Scottish Cup, winning in the final against Rangers. In 1924, Morton offered McNab £4 per week. He considered this excessively low, but when he asked for a transfer, the club placed a prohibitively high fee on him to force him to stay with Greenock. When McNab received an offer from the Boston Soccer Club of the American Soccer League to play for £12 per week, McNab immediately left Scotland for the United States.", "title": "Alex McNab" }, { "docid": "47543846#0", "text": "The Greenock by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 8 December 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "title": "1955 Greenock by-election" }, { "docid": "45342170#1", "text": "HMS \"Dalriada\" was established as a Royal Naval Reserve Headquarters Unit for Greenock and the Firth of Clyde, Scotland in 1965 and originally occupied former air defence buildings on the outskirts of Inverkip. \"Dalriada\" remained in Inverkip until 1982, when the unit moved to the Navy Buildings in Greenock, on the site of the former gun battery at Fort Matilda.", "title": "HMS Dalriada" }, { "docid": "12707829#0", "text": "The Greenock by-election, 1936 was a by-election held on 26 November 1936 for the House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "title": "1936 Greenock by-election" } ]

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[ { "docid": "67397#0", "text": "Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (, , literally \"Red Hero\"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.", "title": "Ulaanbaatar" } ]

[ { "docid": "22521019#2", "text": "Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers. Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migration and the high price of other accommodation in Ulaanbaatar.", "title": "Ger district" }, { "docid": "40416785#2", "text": "As of 2010, the population of Ulaanbaatar was 1,240,037 inhabitants and is increasing by nearly 100,000 people a year. The transport problem is exacerbated by the harsh climate and long winters. Traffic movement is difficult because of congestion, and the air is heavily polluted by exhaust fumes.", "title": "Ulaanbaatar Metro" }, { "docid": "19271#1", "text": "At , Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the most sparsely populated unitary sovereign state in the world, with a population of around 3 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the country's population. Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world's coldest capital city with Moscow, Ottawa, and Astana.", "title": "Mongolia" }, { "docid": "67397#19", "text": "The Moscow trade expedition of the 1910s estimated the population of Urga at 60,000, based on Nikolay Przhevalsky's study in the 1870s.", "title": "Ulaanbaatar" }, { "docid": "7743480#1", "text": "Bayangol has a population of 192,600.", "title": "Bayangol, Ulaanbaatar" }, { "docid": "19271#60", "text": "About 40% of the population lives in Ulaanbaatar, and in 2002 a further 23% lived in Darkhan, Erdenet, the aimag centers and sum-level permanent settlements. Another share of the population lives in the sum centers.", "title": "Mongolia" }, { "docid": "67397#20", "text": "The city's population swelled during the Naadam festival and major religious festivals to more than 100,000. In 1919, the number of monks had reached 20,000, up from 13,000 in 1810.", "title": "Ulaanbaatar" }, { "docid": "50876149#1", "text": "The company is charged with providing the following postal and communication services at the pot offices.\nOf Mongolia's 3 million inhabitants, 30% are nomadic, and 61% of Ulaanbaatar's population live in informal settlements. This population had \"no consistent addressing system\" until May 2016 when Mongol Post started using a geocoding system provided by what3words.", "title": "Mongol Post" }, { "docid": "11779494#0", "text": "Ulaan-Uul ( = \"red mountain\") is a sum of Khövsgöl aimag. The area is close to 10,000 km². In 2000, Ulaan-Uul had a population of 3,726 people, mainly Darkhad. The sum center, officially named \"Tögöl\" (), is located 171 km north-north-west of Mörön and 942 km from Ulaanbaatar.", "title": "Ulaan-Uul, Khövsgöl" } ]

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[ { "docid": "182075#0", "text": "Richard Siegmund Lindzen (born February 8, 1940) is an American atmospheric physicist known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides, and ozone photochemistry. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and books. From 1983 until his retirement in 2013, he was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a lead author of Chapter 7, \"Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks,\" of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report on climate change. He has criticized the scientific consensus about climate change and what he has called \"climate alarmism.\"", "title": "Richard Lindzen" } ]

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[ { "docid": "23416611#53", "text": "In particular, members of the royal house other than the monarch and the heir-apparent have no official tasks within the Dutch government and do not receive stipends. They are responsible for their own conduct and their own income. They may be asked to stand in from time to time such as to accompany the monarch on a state visit if the consort is ill, but this is always a personal favor and not an official duty. In addition, they are not exempt from taxation.", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "23416611#1", "text": "The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been \"governed\" by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747, since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder. William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic. As stadtholder, he was followed by several of his descendants. In 1747, the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus \"crowned\" Dutch Republic. The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "46631339#37", "text": "According to survey agency TNS NIPO, the Dutch monarchy has had about 90% support amongst the Dutch population since 1964, with a small peak in the mid-1990s. Between 1996 and March 2003, the call for a republic grew by 14% (5% > 19%), but the popularity of the monarchy stabilised after 2003 to 85% (2013). According to an April 2014 TNS NIPO survey commissioned by the Evangelische Omroep, it slightly increased to 89%.\nIn 2005, 2007 and since 2009 every year before Koningsdag, opinion pollster Maurice de Hond inquires people's attitudes towards the monarchy and a possible future republic. His results, which include the possibility of 'Don't know / no answer' show a relatively stable, but structurally lower preference for the monarchy than TNS NIPO: on average, 70% backs the monarchy, 25% is in favour of a republic, and 6% doesn't know or gives no answer.\nIn the run-up to the investiture of Willem-Alexander, De Hond carried out a survey commissioned by \"Hart van Nederland\", which showed that 65% of Dutch people questioned was against a republic, and 22% in favour of a republic, whilst 13% had no opinion on the matter. However, half of participants opined the royal house was too expensive, whilst 42% did not think so.", "title": "Republicanism in the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "32035929#0", "text": "Coronations in Europe were previously held in the monarchies of Europe. The United Kingdom is the only monarchy in Europe that still practices coronation. Current European monarchies have either replaced coronations with simpler ceremonies to mark an accession (e.g. Denmark) or have never practiced coronations (e.g. The Netherlands and Belgium). Most monarchies today only require a simple oath to be taken in the presence of the country's legislature.", "title": "Coronations in Europe" }, { "docid": "23416611#52", "text": "Despite being a large clan, the family as a whole has very little to do officially with Dutch government or the running of the Netherlands. Constitutionally, an important role is played by the monarch. The heir-apparent is deemed to be preparing for an eventual ascent to the throne, so there are some limited tasks and a number of limits on them (particularly he/she cannot hold a paying job, since this might lead to entanglements later on). Since neither the monarch nor the heir-apparent may hold jobs, they receive a stipend from the government. Their spouses are similarly forbidden from earning an income and receive a stipend as well. But constitutionally that is the whole of the involvement of the royal family with the Dutch government.", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "23416611#88", "text": "The Dutch royal family today is much larger than it has ever been. Former Queen Beatrix and her husband, Prince Claus, had three sons, Willem-Alexander (married to Queen Máxima), Friso (whose widow is Princess Mabel) and Constantijn (married to Princess Laurentien). Her sister Margriet and her spouse Pieter van Vollenhoven have four sons: Maurits, Bernhard, Pieter-Christiaan and Floris. Four of these seven princes as well as princess Margriet, are all (potentially) legal heirs to the throne, although the first right goes to the crown prince, and after him his daughters Catharina-Amalia, Alexia, Ariane, and then his brother Constantijn. Prince Friso lost his right to the throne because no approval was asked for his marriage to Mabel Wisse Smit to the States-General. The two other sisters of Beatrix, Irene and Christina, have lost their rights to the throne because their marriages were not approved by the States-General. They both married Roman Catholics and Irene herself converted to Roman Catholicism, which at that time (the 1960s) was still politically problematic for an heir to the throne. An additional complication which the government wanted to avoid, was that Irene's husband, Prince Carlos-Hugo of Bourbon-Parma (whom she later divorced), was a member of a deposed Italian dynasty who claimed rights to the Spanish throne. Traditionally, Dutch monarchs have always been members of the Dutch Reformed Church although this was never constitutionally required. This tradition is embedded in the history of the Netherlands.", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "23416611#77", "text": "On April 30, 2013 Queen Beatrix, abdicated in favour of Crown Prince Willem-Alexander.", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" } ]

[]

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[ { "docid": "645042#56", "text": "New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,622,698 residents , incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population is about 43% of New York State's population and about 36% of the population of the New York metropolitan area.", "title": "New York City" }, { "docid": "1729017#2", "text": "New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 8,491,079 people living in the city, according to U.S. Census estimates dating July 1, 2014 (up from 8,175,133 in 2010; 8.0 million in 2000; and 7.3 million in 1990). This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000. Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²), highest of any county in the United States.", "title": "Demographics of New York City" }, { "docid": "1729017#0", "text": "New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis. It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration. New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million. Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.", "title": "Demographics of New York City" } ]

[ { "docid": "429081#11", "text": "There are sixty-two cities in the state. As of 2000, 54.1% of state residents were living in a city; 42.2% were living in New York City; 11.9% were living in one of the other 61 cities. In 1686, the English colonial governor granted the cities of New York and Albany city charters, which were recognized by the first State Constitution in 1777. All other cities have been established by act of the state legislature and have been granted a charter. Cities have been granted the power to revise their charters or adopt new ones. There are no minimum population or area requirements in order to become a city. While there is no defined process for how and when a village becomes a city, the Legislature requires clear evidence, usually in the form of a locally drafted charter, that the community in question seeks to incorporate as a city.", "title": "Administrative divisions of New York (state)" }, { "docid": "1729017#16", "text": "Multiracial Americans make up 2.1% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were 177,643 multiracial Americans residing in New York City. People of black and white ancestry numbered at 37,124, making up 0.4% of the population. People of white and Asian ancestry numbered at 22,242, making up 0.3% of the population. People of white/Native American ancestry (10,762) and black/Native American ancestry (10,221) each made up 0.1% of the city's population. The term \"Multiracial American\", however, can be very misleading. For example, many people of Latin American background may have various racial ancestries. Furthermore, there are many Americans who have multiple racial ancestries who are not aware of it. Therefore, the actual numbers are likely much higher.", "title": "Demographics of New York City" }, { "docid": "1729017#13", "text": "Native Americans make up 0.4% of New York City's population. According to the survey, there were 29,569 Native Americans residing in New York City. Of 29,569 Native Americans, 2,075 were of the Cherokee tribal grouping. In addition, 213 were of the Navajo tribal grouping. Also, 42 people identified themselves as Chippewa, and 47 people identified themselves as Sioux. There is a number of Mohawks indigenous to the New York city area and/or Upstate New York, and many Mohawks arrived in the 1930s to work in the skyscraper building construction industry. And a few Lenape Indians indigenous to the New York city area still remain in the city, migrated from other rural parts to Manhattan.", "title": "Demographics of New York City" }, { "docid": "21874629#0", "text": "Jews in New York City comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel. , 1.1 million Jews live in the five boroughs of New York City, and 2 million Jews live in New York state overall. Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. The large Jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of New York City. After many decades of decline in the 20th century, the Jewish population of New York City has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the Hasidic and Orthodox communities.", "title": "Jews in New York City" }, { "docid": "1729017#37", "text": "According to the 2010 United States Census, New York City had the largest population of self-defined Black residents of any U.S. city, with over 2,000,000 within the city's boundaries, although this number has decreased since 2000. New York City had more Black people than did the entire state of California until the 1980 United States Census. The Black population consists of immigrants and their descendants from Africa and the Caribbean as well as native-born African-Americans. Many of the city's black residents live in Brooklyn and The Bronx. Several of the city's neighborhoods are historical birthplaces of urban Black culture in America, among them the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford–Stuyvesant and Manhattan's Harlem and various sections of Eastern Queens and The Bronx. Bedford-Stuyvesant is considered to have the highest concentration of Black residents in the United States. New York City has the largest population of Black immigrants (at 686,814) and descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean (especially from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Belize, Grenada, and Haiti), and of sub-Saharan Africans. In a news item of April 3, 2006, however, the \"New York Times\" noted that for the first time since the American Civil War, the recorded African-American population was declining, because of emigration to other regions, a declining African-American birthrate in New York, and decreased immigration of Blacks from the Caribbean and Africa.\nThe New York City Metropolitan Area contains the largest ethnic Chinese population outside Asia, enumerating an estimated 735,019 individuals as of 2012, with the Manhattan Chinatown (), home to the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. Other Chinatowns are included one in Queens (the Flushing Chinatown, three in Brooklyn (the Sunset Park Chinatown, the Avenue U Chinatown, and the Bensonhurst Chinatown), and one each in Edison, New Jersey and Nassau County, Long Island, as well as fledgling ethnic Chinese enclaves emerging throughout the New York City metropolitan area. Chinese in New York constitute the fastest-growing nationality in New York State and on Long Island,", "title": "Demographics of New York City" }, { "docid": "764593#34", "text": "The largest urban area in the United States is the New York metropolitan area. The population of New York City, the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million people, its metropolitan statistical area has a population that is over 20 million, and its combined statistical area population is over 23 million. The next six largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Houston. About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of an urbanized area as of December, 2010. Combined, these areas occupy about 2 percent of the land area of the United States. Many Americans live in agglomerations of cities, suburbs, and towns that are adjacent to a metropolitan area's largest city.", "title": "Urban area" }, { "docid": "51788780#1", "text": "According to the 2010 Census, New York City had the largest population of self-defined black residents of any U.S. city, with over 2 million within the city's boundaries, although this number has decreased since 2000. New York City had more black people than did the entire state of California until the 1980 Census. The black population consists of immigrants and their descendants from Africa and the Caribbean as well as native-born African-Americans. Many of the city's black residents live in Brooklyn and The Bronx. Several of the city's neighborhoods are historical birthplaces of urban black culture in America, among them the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford–Stuyvesant and Manhattan's Harlem and various sections of Eastern Queens and The Bronx. Bedford-Stuyvesant is considered to have the highest concentration of black residents in the United States. New York City has the largest population of black immigrants (at 686,814) and descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean (especially from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Belize, Grenada, and Haiti), and of sub-Saharan Africans. In a news item of April 3, 2006, however, the \"New York Times\" noted that for the first time since the American Civil War, the recorded African American population was declining, because of emigration to other regions, a declining African American birthrate in New York, and decreased immigration of blacks from the Caribbean and Africa.", "title": "African Americans in New York City" }, { "docid": "9430314#9", "text": "The intense development, urbanization and suburban sprawl of New York City makes it the most populated region in the U.S., an estimated 20 to 30 million in the eight-state Megalopolis stretching 500 miles from Boston to Washington DC, with New York City in the middle has 15 million residents in a 100-mile radius including Philadelphia (1.5 million in its city limits), northern New Jersey and Connecticut. The bulk of New York's population lives within two hours of New York City. According to the July 1, 2004 Census Bureau Estimate, New York City and its six closest New York State satellite counties (Suffolk, Nassau, Westchester, Rockland, Putnam and Orange) have a combined population of 12,626,200 people, or 65.67% of the state's population.", "title": "Demographics of New York (state)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "199987#1", "text": "The award is named for Randolph Caldecott, a nineteenth-century English illustrator. Rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937. The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecott's front cover illustration for \"The Diverting History of John Gilpin\" (Routledge, 1878, an edition of the 1782 poem by William Cowper), which depicts Gilpin astride a runaway horse. The reverse is based on \"Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie\", one of Caldecott's illustrations for the nursery rhyme \"Sing a Song of Sixpence\".", "title": "Caldecott Medal" }, { "docid": "24541293#7", "text": "Melcher proposed the Caldecott Medal in 1937 to honor children's picture books. Named for British illustrator Randolph Caldecott, the medal is presented annually for the \"most distinguished picture book for children\".", "title": "Frederic G. Melcher" }, { "docid": "1795182#0", "text": "Randolph Caldecott (; 22 March 1846 – 12 February 1886) was an English artist and illustrator, born in Chester. The Caldecott Medal was named in his honour. He exercised his art chiefly in book illustrations. His abilities as an artist were promptly and generously recognised by the Royal Academy. Caldecott greatly influenced illustration of children's books during the nineteenth century. Two books illustrated by him, priced at a shilling each, were published every Christmas for eight years.", "title": "Randolph Caldecott" } ]

[ { "docid": "199987#2", "text": "Beside the Caldecott Medal, the committee awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up, called the Caldecott Honors or Caldecott Honor Books. The \"Honor\" was introduced in 1971, but some runners-up had been identified annually and all those runners-up were retroactively named Caldecott Honor Books. The number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five, and it had been two to four since 1994, until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, either the leading runners-up on that ballot or the leaders on one further ballot that excludes the winner.", "title": "Caldecott Medal" }, { "docid": "199987#0", "text": "The Randolph Caldecott Medal annually recognizes the preceding year's \"most distinguished American picture book for children\", beginning with 1937 publications. It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). The Caldecott and Newbery Medals are the most prestigious American children's book awards.", "title": "Caldecott Medal" }, { "docid": "5520671#3", "text": "The Provensens were a runner-up for the 1982 Caldecott Medal as illustrators of \"A Visit to William Blake's Inn\" by Nancy Willard (who won the companion Newbery Medal). Two years later they won the Caldecott for \"The Glorious Flight\", the story of aviator Louis Blériot, the first man to fly solo across the English Channel, which they also wrote. The annual award by U.S. professional librarians recognizes the year's \"most distinguished American picture book for children\". Eight of their books were named to \"The New York Times\" annual Ten Best Illustrated Books, including \"Our Animal Friends at Maple Hill Farm\" (1974) and \"An Owl and Three Pussycats\" (1981). The couple were collaborative illustrators for Donald Waxman's \"Pagaents for Piano,\" a series of pedagogical primers.", "title": "Alice and Martin Provensen" }, { "docid": "2766467#3", "text": "When the Circle Line was initially planned, this station was planned to be a shell station, to be opened only when the surroundings are more developed and was commonly named \"Thomson\", named after the Thomson constituency that was being visible from 1980 to 1991, and subsequently absorbed into the Thomson GRC. It was only announced quite later that Caldecott will be opened with the Stage 4 on 11 January 2007, and the station name was renamed to \"Caldecott\", which is named after the Caldecott Hill, a private housing estate and was a home to the MediaCorp Campus from 1963 to 2016, and was also named after the colonial master, Sir Andrew Caldecott who had served in various posts for nearly three decades. The station opened on 8 October 2011.", "title": "Caldecott MRT station" }, { "docid": "199987#8", "text": "The 2019 committee named four Caldecott Honor Books. The annual number of runners-up has ranged from one to six, same as for the Newbery Medal during the same timespan, from 1938. Indeed, for twenty years from 1993 to 2012 there were two to four Honors every year.", "title": "Caldecott Medal" }, { "docid": "199987#7", "text": "The latest winner of the Caldecott Medal, awarded in 2019, is Sophie Blackall for \"Hello Lighthouse\" (Little, Brown, 2018).", "title": "Caldecott Medal" }, { "docid": "6707563#1", "text": "‡ As an illustrator Ets won the annual Caldecott Medal in 1960 for \"Nine Days to Christmas\" and she was one of the runners-up five times from 1945 to 1966 (exceeded only by Maurice Sendak). Since 1971 the runners-up are called Caldecott Honor Books, but some runners-up had been identified annually and all those runners-up were retroactively named Caldecott Honor Books. The number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five, and it had been two to four since 1994, until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, either the leading runners-up on that ballot or the leaders on one further ballot that excludes the winner.", "title": "Marie Hall Ets" } ]

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[ { "docid": "241663#5", "text": "The present city was proclaimed in 1945 with the amalgamation of the three local government areas. The city's boundaries have been increased by incorporating parts of other local government areas since then (most notably Kearsley Shire which from 1946 to 1949 was the only local government area in Australia's history to have a Communist majority of councillors).", "title": "Maitland, New South Wales" } ]

[ { "docid": "3962993#3", "text": "The current site was opened in 1914 when the Main Northern line was quadrupled with the two extra coal roads built south side of the existing tracks. At that time the Morpeth branch was realigned to allow trains to proceed directly from Newcastle instead of from Maitland. It received its own platform on a lower level. The new site of East Maitland became the junction and the third East Maitland then became the goods siding. For many years after 1916 there were five tracks from the goods siding to just east of East Maitland station. The remains of this can be seen in the wider than now required overpass of Melbourne Street and in the wider Pitnacree Road bridge over the railway line.\nThe line to Morpeth closed in 1953 with the branch line platform at East Maitland still remaining today.", "title": "East Maitland railway station" }, { "docid": "20535179#0", "text": "Maitland, East Hants, Nova Scotia (originally known as Jean Peter's Village) is a village in the East Hants, Nova Scotia municipal district, and home to the historic Lawrence House Museum, part of the Nova Scotia Museum. The community was part of the Douglas Township until it was named Maitland after Governor General of Nova Scotia Peregrine Maitland (1828–34), when building the Shubenacadie Canal was first attempted (1826–1831). The Canal was supposed to start at Maitland, Nova Scotia and run through the province to Maitland Street, Dartmouth, the canal being \"bookended\" by two \"Maitland\" landmarks.", "title": "Maitland, Hants County, Nova Scotia" }, { "docid": "241663#3", "text": "Originally Maitland was a culmination of three separate towns which arose roughly all around the same time. West Maitland, now just Maitland, was a privately founded town which grew because of its proximity to the river and which today is the commercial centre of the city. The other areas were East Maitland, which was established by the colonial New South Wales government, and Morpeth, another private town founded by Lieutenant Close, a Peninsular War veteran. Each town functioned as if they were separate municipalities.", "title": "Maitland, New South Wales" }, { "docid": "3962993#2", "text": "The third site was opened originally as Morpeth Junction when the short Morpeth branch to Morpeth opened in 1866 and was about 400 metres west of the present East Maitland. The second station closed in 1873 and became the goods yard and Morpeth Junction was renamed East Maitland.", "title": "East Maitland railway station" }, { "docid": "3347610#1", "text": "The Great Northern Railway was built through Maitland in the 1850s and extended to Lochinvar in July 1860. Maitland was serviced by Victoria Street, East Maitland and High Street when it opened however it was not until 1880 that what is now Maitland's principal station opened as West Maitland.", "title": "Maitland railway station" }, { "docid": "11129881#9", "text": "In June 1902 a passenger service commenced between East Greta Junction and Stanford Merthyr. Intermediate stations were at East Greta and Heddon Greta, and, with the construction of the Aberdare Railway to Cessnock, a station named Aberdare Junction was opened at the junction of the Aberdare & Stanford Railways. Stations were also initially opened at Weston, Abermain, Caledonia & Cessnock, with further stations latter opening at B Siding, North Kurri Kurri and Neath. Passengers had to make their own way between East Greta Junction and West Maitland stations and this was the source of many complaints. During 1903 the service was extended to West Maitland. The connection to the government passenger service was further improved in 1905 when a platform was constructed at West Maitland for the use of East Greta trains. These trains were operated by the East Greta Coal Mining Co, initially using a number of second hand ex New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) 4 and 6 wheel passenger carriages. In the following years additional similar carriages were obtained with the total of these ex NSWGR railway carriages reaching 20. From 1908 to 1925, 16 new bogie end platform carriages similar to the carriages running on the NSWGR were also obtained. A carriage shed was constructed at East Greta Junction to house the passenger carriages when not in use. With the opening of the line to Cessnock passenger services were also operated from Cessnock to Maitland. Stations on this line were located at Aberdare Junction, Bee Siding, North Kurri Kurri, Weston, Abermain, Neath, Caledonia and Cessnock.", "title": "South Maitland Railway" }, { "docid": "8673264#4", "text": "In 1853 he first travelled to East Maitland, New South Wales as a livestock agent. He returned to Leeds two years later on the ship \"Speedy\", when he sold his business. He thereafter diversified his business and political interests and returned to colony. On 13 December 1861, he and James Brunker purchased 600 head of cattle at a sale in the Northumberland Hotel, Maitland.\nIn March 1862 a new municipality of East Maitland was created and elections were called. Stephen Scholey was elected Alderman for the new municipality on 25 April 1862; and on 2 May 1867, he was commissioned by the Colonial Office, with a Letters Patent from the colony's governor, Sir John Young (and witnessed by Henry Parkes, who had stood for election to the Legislative Assembly in Scholey's East Maitland in August 1863, but was defeated by J. B. Darvall), to that effect, to be Warden and President of the Maitland District Council.", "title": "Stephen Scholey" }, { "docid": "8784202#3", "text": "By Papal Brief dated 27 May 1847, the Titular See of East Maitland was created with Most Reverend Charles Henry Davis nominated as Bishop. Bishop Davis was also the Auxiliary Bishop to the Archbishop of Sydney and lived in Sydney, never visiting his Titular See in East Maitland, therefore the Titular See of East Maitland remained under the administration of the Archdiocese of Sydney until Most Reverend James Murray was nominated Bishop of Maitland in 1865, taking possession of St John the Baptist Church West Maitland as his Cathedral on 1 November 1866.", "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle" }, { "docid": "58060113#0", "text": "East Maitland Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 18 Day Street, East Maitland, City of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1870. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.", "title": "East Maitland Post Office" }, { "docid": "58085234#0", "text": "East Maitland Police Station is a heritage-listed former police station and now residence at John Street, East Maitland, City of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1870 to 1871. It was used as a police lock-up from 1870 to 1914 and as a police residence from 1914 to 1998. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.", "title": "East Maitland Police Station" } ]

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[ { "docid": "13485#28", "text": "Æthelstan continued the expansion of his father and aunt and was the first king to achieve direct rulership of what we would now consider England. The titles attributed to him in charters and on coins suggest a still more widespread dominance. His expansion aroused ill-feeling among the other kingdoms of Britain, and he defeated a combined Scottish-Viking army at the Battle of Brunanburh. However, the unification of England was not a certainty. Under Æthelstan's successors Edmund and Eadred the English kings repeatedly lost and regained control of Northumbria. Nevertheless, Edgar, who ruled the same expanse as Athelstan, consolidated the kingdom, which remained united thereafter.", "title": "History of England" }, { "docid": "58522#59", "text": "Æthelstan is regarded as the first King of England by some modern historians. Although it was Eadred who would achieve the final unification of England by the permanent conquest of Viking York, Æthelstan's campaigns made this success possible. His nephew Edgar called himself King of the English and revived the claim to rule over all the peoples of Britain. Simon Keynes argued that \"the consistent usages of Edgar's reign represent nothing less than a determined reaffirmation of the polity created by Æthelstan in the 930s\". Historian Charles Insley, however, sees Æthelstan's hegemony as fragile: \"The level of overlordship wielded by Æthelstan during the 930s over the rest of Britain was perhaps not attained again by an English king until Edward I.\" George Molyneaux argues that:", "title": "Æthelstan" }, { "docid": "407950#8", "text": "During the Heptarchy, the most powerful king among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms might become acknowledged as Bretwalda, a high king over the other kings. The decline of Mercia allowed Wessex to become more powerful. It absorbed the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex in 825. The kings of Wessex became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during the 9th century. In 827, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore, briefly making Egbert the first king to reign over a united England.", "title": "Kingdom of England" } ]

[ { "docid": "160904#0", "text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (Heptarchy) which made up modern England. Alfred styled himself \"King of the Anglo-Saxons\" from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. \nArguments are made for a few different kings deemed to control enough of the Heptarchy to be deemed the first king of England. For example, Offa, king of Mercia, and Egbert, king of Wessex, are sometimes described as kings of England by popular writers, but it is no longer the majority view of historians that their wide dominions are part of a process leading to a unified England, as highlighted by historian Simon Keynes stating, for example, that \"Offa was driven by a lust for power, not a vision of English unity; and what he left was a reputation, not a legacy.\" This refers to a period in the late 8th century when Offa achieved a dominance over many of the kingdoms of southern England, but this did not survive his death in 796. In 829 Egbert of Wessex conquered Mercia, but he soon lost control of it. It was not until the late 9th century that one kingdom, Wessex, had become the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Its king, Alfred the Great, was overlord of western Mercia and used the title \"King of the Angles and Saxons\", but he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then known as the Danelaw, having earlier been conquered by the Danes from Scandinavia. His son Edward the Elder conquered the eastern Danelaw, but Edward's son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927, and he is regarded by some modern historians as the first true king of England. The title \"King of the English\" or \"Rex Anglorum\" in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan in one of his charters in 928.", "title": "List of English monarchs" }, { "docid": "407950#6", "text": "The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was ' (\"King of the English\"). Canute the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself \"King of England\". In the Norman period ' remained standard, with occasional use of ' (\"King of England\"). From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of ' or \"\". In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) \"King of Great Britain\". The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707.", "title": "Kingdom of England" }, { "docid": "13485#101", "text": "When Elizabeth died, her closest male Protestant relative was the King of Scots, James VI, of the House of Stuart, who became King James I of England in a Union of the Crowns, called James I & VI. He was the first monarch to rule the entire island of Britain, but the countries remained separate politically. Upon taking power, James made peace with Spain, and for the first half of the 17th century, England remained largely inactive in European politics. Several assassination attempts were made on James, notably the Main Plot and Bye Plots of 1603, and most famously, on 5 November 1605, the Gunpowder Plot, by a group of Catholic conspirators, led by Robert Catesby, which caused more antipathy in England towards Catholicism.", "title": "History of England" }, { "docid": "21235366#2", "text": "The first marquess in England was Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, who was appointed the Marquess of Dublin by King Richard II of England on 1 December 1385. On 13 October 1386, the patent of this marquessate was recalled, and Robert de Vere was raised to the rank of the Duke of Ireland. John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the second illegitimate son of John of Gaunt, was raised to the second marquessate as the Marquess of Dorset in September 1397. In 1399, he was disgraced, and the king revoked his marquessate. The House of Commons of England later petitioned King Henry IV for his restoration, but the King objected stating \"\"the name of marquess is a strange name in this realm\"\". From that period the title appears to have been dormant until it was revived by Henry VI in 1442. The only woman to be appointed as a marquess in her own right was Anne Boleyn, who was created Marchioness of Pembroke in preparation for her marriage to Henry VIII. The investiture ceremony was held at Windsor Castle on 1 September 1532.", "title": "Marquesses in the United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "5076012#3", "text": "England had been a unified nation for only a short time prior to this. It had been successfully invaded and conquered with military power from Roman Empire, with periodic incursions from Gaul, over about 400 years. This was followed with periodic waves of Viking invasions. It was not until the end of the first millennium that England had become unified by the conjoining of various local kingdoms and defeat of the many kingdoms in Northern and Eastern England paying Danegeld and having some ties (which became quite loose over time) to Viking kings on the continent. It is not clear cut who was the first King of England. Offa and Athelstan are strong candidates. History would have told Henry of the earlier Viking invasions along the North Sea, the English Channel (including Normandy) and the Irish Sea (Ireland and Wales). Because his immediate ancestors had themselves conquered England, he was well aware of the potential for external threats to his kingdom, as well as the more common risk of divided loyalties among those beneath him.", "title": "Assize of Arms of 1181" }, { "docid": "37780#42", "text": "Edward the Elder was succeeded by his son Æthelstan, who Simon Keynes calls the \"towering figure in the landscape of the tenth century\". His victory over a coalition of his enemies – Constantine, King of the Scots, Owain ap Dyfnwal, King of the Cumbrians, and Olaf Guthfrithson, King of Dublin – at the battle of Brunanburh, celebrated by a famous poem in the \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\", opened the way for him to be hailed as the first king of England. Æthelstan's legislation shows how the king drove his officials to do their respective duties. He was uncompromising in his insistence on respect for the law. However this legislation also reveals the persistent difficulties which confronted the king and his councillors in bringing a troublesome people under some form of control. His claim to be \"king of the English\" was by no means widely recognised. The situation was complex: the Hiberno-Norse rulers of Dublin still coveted their interests in the Danish kingdom of York; terms had to be made with the Scots, who had the capacity not merely to interfere in Northumbrian affairs, but also to block a line of communication between Dublin and York; and the inhabitants of northern Northumbria were considered a law unto themselves. It was only after twenty years of crucial developments following Æthelstan's death in 939 that a unified kingdom of England began to assume its familiar shape. However, the major political problem for Edmund and Eadred, who succeeded Æthelstan, remained the difficulty of subjugating the north. In 959 Edgar is said to have \"succeeded to the kingdom both in Wessex and in Mercia and in Northumbria, and he was then 16 years old\" (ASC, version 'B', 'C'), and is called \"the Peacemaker\". By the early 970s, after a decade of Edgar's 'peace', it may have seemed that the kingdom of England was indeed made whole. In his formal address to the gathering at Winchester the king urged his bishops, abbots and abbesses \"to be of one mind as regards monastic usage . . . lest differing ways of observing the customs of one Rule and one country should bring their holy conversation into disrepute\".", "title": "Anglo-Saxons" }, { "docid": "46390#0", "text": "Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. Before becoming king, he was Duke of York, Earl of March, Earl of Cambridge and Earl of Ulster.", "title": "Edward IV of England" }, { "docid": "154671#14", "text": "The title \"King of Ireland\" was created by an act of the Irish Parliament in 1541, replacing the Lordship of Ireland, which had existed since 1171, with the Kingdom of Ireland. The Crown of Ireland Act 1542 established a personal union between the English and Irish crowns, providing that whoever was King of England was to be King of Ireland as well, and so its first holder was King Henry VIII of England. Henry's sixth and last wife, Katherine Parr, was the first Queen consort of Ireland following her marriage to King Henry in 1543. This followed the failure of the plan to make The 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519–1536), Henry VIII's illegitimate son, into the King of Ireland. Although Richmond was made Lord Lieutenant, the King's counsellors feared that creating a separate Kingdom of Ireland, with a ruler other than that of England, would create another threat like the King of Scotland.", "title": "Monarchy of Ireland" } ]

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[ { "docid": "551756#3", "text": "Paul Heyman was born on September 11, 1965, in Westchester County, New York, the son of Sulamita (\"née\" Szarf; 1928–2009) and Richard S. Heyman (1926–2013), a prominent personal injury attorney and World War II veteran. He is of Jewish descent; his mother was a Holocaust survivor who suffered through experiences in Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, and the Łódź Ghetto. By age 11, he was running a mail order business selling celebrity and sports memorabilia from his home. While still a teenager, he fast-talked his way backstage at a World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) event at Madison Square Garden as a photojournalist. He was paid by the company for several of his photographs. He graduated from Edgemont High School. He attended SUNY Purchase and worked on-air as an opinionated, controversial host at SUNY's radio station and the WARY-FM New York radio station for Westchester Community College; in 1985, at the age of 19, he became a photographer, then a producer and promoter for the New York City nightclub Studio 54.", "title": "Paul Heyman" }, { "docid": "551756#0", "text": "Paul Heyman (born September 11, 1965) is an American entertainment producer, writer, performer, marketer, promoter, professional wrestling manager, and commentator. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand. He has shunned the label of \"manager\" for decades, preferring the term \"advocate\" or \"agent\" for his work with Brock Lesnar, and has also called himself an \"agent\" or \"CEO\".", "title": "Paul Heyman" } ]

[ { "docid": "42107833#1", "text": "Heyman was born in New York City on 16 March 1931 to Charles and Lillian Heyman. He went on to attend the University of Colorado, where he majored in music while also studying a pre-medical course, graduating in 1952. After his graduation, Heyman was drafted into the United States Army. He initially knew nothing about Korea; when informed by his senior officer that he would be stationed in Uijeongbu near the South Korean capital Seoul, he asked, \"Excuse me sir, in what part of Japan is Uijeongbu?\" He would go on to serve as an army medic and lab technician.", "title": "Alan Heyman" }, { "docid": "551756#4", "text": "Heyman decided he wanted to work in professional wrestling when he saw Vince McMahon interviewing Superstar Billy Graham. He began as a photographer when he was 13 and bought his own photo lab to take photos of pro wrestlers in New York. He published his own newsletter, \"The Wrestling Times Magazine\", and wrote for third-party wrestling publications such as \"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\". At the age of 14, he called Capitol Wrestling Corporation, the parent company of the World Wide Wrestling Federation, and obtained a backstage pass for Madison Square Garden, his first official work in pro wrestling. Heyman met Dusty Rhodes at a Jim Crockett Promotions taping, when he entered a production meeting. In 1985, Heyman was hired by New York Studio 54 as photographer. The same year, he became producer of Studio 54 and hosted the first Wrestle Party 85 show. He called Jim Crockett, who sent Ric Flair, Dusty Rhodes and Magnum TA. The show featured Bam Bam Bigelow's debut and an award to Flair.", "title": "Paul Heyman" }, { "docid": "901204#6", "text": "Born in Brussels, Heymans moved with her family to Quebec after her mother competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal as a fencer. Her mother, Marie-Paule Van Eyck, was an Olympic fencer for Belgium.", "title": "Émilie Heymans" }, { "docid": "29789860#1", "text": "Heyman was born on 13 May 1580, the son of Henry Heyman of Sellinge, Kent and his wife Rebecca Horne, daughter the Right Rev. Robert Horne, Bishop of Winchester. He was admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1597. He studied under William Bedell, who in 1624 buttonholed him in Parliament as overzealous to reform pluralism.", "title": "Peter Heyman" }, { "docid": "10443662#1", "text": "Heyman was born in 1951 and raised in Plainfield, New Jersey. He started banging on things when he was five, got a full drum kit when he was seven, and was an accomplished drummer by the time he was twelve. He picked up guitar and piano in his teens, which was also when he began writing songs. He was one of the original members of the 60s group, The Doughboys, who are considered to be a legendary New Jersey garage rock band. He would later go solo, in his twenties, following the breakup of the original Doughboys.", "title": "Richard X. Heyman" }, { "docid": "2286760#1", "text": "Heyman was born in London. He is the son of John Heyman, producer of the films \"The Go-Between\" and \"Jesus\", and Norma Heyman (\"née\" Parnell), an actress, and Academy Award-nominated producer of the films \"Dangerous Liaisons\" and \"Mrs Henderson Presents\". His paternal grandparents were German Jews who left Nazi Germany and emigrated to England prior to World War II, while his mother's family was English. He went to Westminster School and, following graduation, he decided to study abroad. He earned a degree in Art History from Harvard University in 1983.", "title": "David Heyman" }, { "docid": "551756#16", "text": "After McMahon defeated his daughter Stephanie in October 2003 at the No Mercy pay-per-view, the storyline was that she was forced to resign from her position as General Manager (GM) of \"SmackDown!\". Heyman returned to television to assume Stephanie McMahon's on-camera role as GM. On March 22, 2004, he appeared on \"Raw\" to take part in the annual WWE draft lottery. During the show he was drafted to \"RAW\" to work for \"RAW\" General Manager Eric Bischoff. Instead, he decided to \"quit\" rather than work for Bischoff, the man he cited for the death of ECW by raiding its talent. Heyman was replaced as \"SmackDown!\" General Manager by his former client Kurt Angle on March 25.", "title": "Paul Heyman" }, { "docid": "42190190#1", "text": "Heyman was born in Elmira, New York to a Jewish family and raised in Dayton, Ohio. Heyman graduated from the Miami Valley School, and received a B.A. (1979) and an M.B.A. (1980) from Vanderbilt University. His grandfather, Sam Malamud, immigrated from Lithuania in 1912. He followed in the footsteps of his older brother Ben, and assumed the surname of his cousin, Henry Heyman.", "title": "Bruce Heyman" } ]

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[ { "docid": "6071264#10", "text": "Carneada is considered one of Honduras' national dishes, known as \"plato típico\" when served in Honduran restaurants. While it is a type of dish, a \"carneada\" or \"carne asada\", like its Mexican counterpart, is usually more of a social event with drinks and music centered on a feast of barbecued meat. The cuts of beef are usually marinated in sour orange juice, salt, pepper and spices, and then grilled.", "title": "Honduran cuisine" } ]

[ { "docid": "13394#115", "text": "Honduran cuisine is a fusion of indigenous Lenca cuisine, Spanish cuisine, Caribbean cuisine and African cuisine. There are also dishes from the Garifuna people. Coconut and coconut milk are featured in both sweet and savory dishes. Regional specialties include fried fish, tamales, carne asada and baleadas.", "title": "Honduras" }, { "docid": "13394#118", "text": "Other typical dishes are the montucas or corn tamales, stuffed tortillas, and tamales wrapped in plantain leaves. Honduran typical dishes also include an abundant selection of tropical fruits such as papaya, pineapple, plum, sapote, passion fruit and bananas which are prepared in many ways while they are still green.", "title": "Honduras" }, { "docid": "22527511#19", "text": "In Honduras, cassava is used in a variety of soups and other dishes. Cassava is one of the main ingredients in \"Sopa de Caracol\" (Conch soup). Another typical Honduran dish is \"Yuca con Chicharrón\", which is served with lemon-dripped raw cabbage and diced tomatoes, topped with \"chicharrones\" (pork rinds).", "title": "Cassava-based dishes" }, { "docid": "6071264#12", "text": "Rice and beans is a popular side dish in the Honduran Caribbean coast. It is often called Casamiento. Every country that their own signature bean and in Honduras they are red beans ( frijoles cheles). Typically in Honduras the beans are refried and served with green fried bananas (tajadas).", "title": "Honduran cuisine" }, { "docid": "51099714#0", "text": "The National Police of Honduras (founded 5 January 1888) is the uniformed police force of the Republic of Honduras. The force is organised into regional headquarters, municipal headquarters, headquarters of fixed or mobile stations, and police posts. There are at least 360 police centres throughout Honduras. The National Police of Honduras has its headquarters in Tegucigalpa, the capital city of Honduras. The National Police of Honduras is the fourth largest police body in Central America by number of employees (more than Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Belize). It is the sixth largest force in Central America by police officers per capita. The force's patroness is the Virgin of Carmen. On 16 July of each year the \"National Police Patroness Day\" is celebrated.", "title": "National Police of Honduras" }, { "docid": "691074#31", "text": "Other popular dishes include \"carne asada\" (roasted meat); chicken with rice and corn; fried fish with pickled onions; and fried or baked plantain. In the coastal areas and in the Bay Islands, seafood and meats are sometimes prepared with coconut milk.", "title": "Culture of Honduras" }, { "docid": "691074#30", "text": "The \"baleada\" is a representative dish of the Honduran gastronomy. It consists of a flour tortilla which is folded and filled with refried beans, \"quesillo\" cheese or Parmesan cheese or sour cream. Roast meat or scrambled eggs may be added.", "title": "Culture of Honduras" }, { "docid": "13394#116", "text": "Other popular dishes include: meat roasted with chismol and carne asada, chicken with rice and corn, and fried fish with pickled onions and jalapeños. Some of the ways seafood and some meats are prepared in coastal areas and in the Bay Islands involve coconut milk.", "title": "Honduras" }, { "docid": "8231928#0", "text": "The Asociación Nacional de Muchachas Guías de Honduras (ANMGH; roughly \"National Girl Guide Association of Honduras\") is the national Guiding organization of Honduras. It serves 5,484 members (as of 2006). Founded in 1953, the coeducational organization became an associate member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1981 and a full member in 2002.", "title": "Asociación Nacional de Muchachas Guías de Honduras" } ]

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[ { "docid": "47398513#12", "text": "On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of \"Game of Thrones\", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with \"Variety\", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were \"down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap.\" Director Jack Bender, who worked on the show's sixth season, said that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes. Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said \"It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule.\" HBO confirmed on July 18, 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Later it was confirmed that the season would debut on July 16. The seventh season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes. The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes – around 16 minutes longer than an average \"Game of Thrones\" episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively. The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth-season finale, \"The Winds of Winter\", which ran for 69 minutes.", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)" }, { "docid": "31120069#1", "text": "The series premiered on April 17, 2011, on HBO. David Benioff and D. B. Weiss both serve as executive producers along with Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, Bernadette Caulfield and George R. R. Martin. Filming for the series has taken place in a number of locations, including Croatia, Northern Ireland, Iceland and Spain. Episodes are broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm Eastern Time, and the episodes are between 50 and 81 minutes in length. The first seven seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray.", "title": "List of Game of Thrones episodes" } ]

[ { "docid": "20715044#98", "text": "On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a \"Game of Thrones\" prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin as co-creator. Regarding the other four projects, HBO president of programming Casey Bloys said that some of them have been abandoned completely, while some remain as possibilities for the future. The accepted prequel will take place in the Age of Heroes, a period that begins roughly 10,000 years before the events of \"Game of Thrones\". Notable events of that period include the foundation of powerful Houses, the Long Night when the White Walkers first descended upon Westeros, and the Andal Invasion when the Andals invaded from Essos and conquered most of Westeros. Writing in a blog post in June 2018, Martin suggested \"The Long Night\" as a title for the upcoming series, and revealed that the filming location, the cast and the director for the pilot episode were yet to be determined.", "title": "Game of Thrones" }, { "docid": "43186937#0", "text": "The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Each episode cost over $10 million.", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)" }, { "docid": "43181262#5", "text": "\"Game of Thrones\" is an episodic point-and-click graphic adventure fantasy drama video game, released as 6 episodes following the model of Telltale's previous adventure games. The player is able to move their character around some scenes, interacting with objects and initiating conversation trees with non-player characters. Choices made by the player influence events in future episodes. The game switches between the viewpoints of five different characters.", "title": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game)" }, { "docid": "35948928#0", "text": "Thronecast is a British television series on Sky Atlantic which is presented by Sue Perkins and Jamie East. It is an aftershow to \"Game of Thrones\", which also airs on the channel. Each episode is an hour in length and features interviews with members of the cast and crew, interaction with the audience and social media alongside analysis of the previous episode and a preview of the next episode of \"Game of Thrones\". It was the only official aftershow for the American series until HBO aired \"After the Thrones\" in 2016 – a show which was cancelled after only one series.", "title": "Thronecast" }, { "docid": "54826312#0", "text": "The Game of Thrones Tapestry is a hand-woven tapestry which currently stands at 66 m (217 ft) long, which was opened to the public on 21 July 2017 at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Once finished, it will be longer than its inspiration, the Bayeux Tapestry, at 77 m (253 ft). The tapestry tells the entire story of the television show, \"Game of Thrones\". It consists of six 11 metre long panels of hand-woven fabric, and one 10.5 metre panel. The seven panels depict scenes from each episode of the aired seasons. After season 8 is aired in 2019, the tapestry is planned to grow to reflect that season's six episodes.", "title": "Game of Thrones Tapestry" }, { "docid": "43181262#9", "text": "Throughout the game, the player controls one of 5 family members or servants of the Forresters, with decisions made by one character affecting the others, and the ultimate fate of the house. Thirteen original playable and non-playable characters were created for the game.The game is separated into six episodes, released in intervals.\n\"Game of Thrones\" received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics praising the narrative, choice driven gameplay, and faithfulness to the source material while criticism was directed towards the graphical glitches and the lack of context for players unfamiliar with the \"Game of Thrones\" franchise.", "title": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game)" }, { "docid": "54919915#0", "text": "\"Beyond the Wall\" is the sixth and penultimate episode of the seventh season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 66th overall. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Alan Taylor. At 70 minutes, it was the series' longest episode until the airing of the season's finale.", "title": "Beyond the Wall (Game of Thrones)" }, { "docid": "20715044#37", "text": "Each ten-episode season of \"Game of Thrones\" has four to six directors, who usually direct back-to-back episodes. Alan Taylor has directed seven episodes, the most episodes of the series. Alex Graves, David Nutter, Mark Mylod, and Jeremy Podeswa have directed six each. Daniel Minahan directed five episodes, and Michelle MacLaren, Alik Sakharov, and Miguel Sapochnik directed four each. Brian Kirk directed three episodes during the first season, and Tim Van Patten directed the series' first two episodes. Neil Marshall directed two episodes, both with large battle scenes: \"Blackwater\" and \"The Watchers on the Wall\". Other directors have been Jack Bender, David Petrarca, Daniel Sackheim, Michael Slovis and Matt Shakman. David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have directed two episodes together but only credited one each episode, which was determined after a coin toss.", "title": "Game of Thrones" }, { "docid": "12300#21", "text": "HBO Productions purchased the television rights for the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series in 2007 and began airing the fantasy series on their US premium cable channel on April 17, 2011. Titled \"Game of Thrones\", it ran weekly for ten episodes, each approximately an hour long. Although busy completing \"A Dance With Dragons\" and other projects, George R. R. Martin was heavily involved in the production of the television series adaptation of his books. Martin's involvement included the selection of a production team and participation in scriptwriting; the opening credits list him as a co-executive producer of the series. The series was renewed shortly after the first episode aired.", "title": "George R. R. Martin" } ]

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[ { "docid": "28963519#0", "text": "The North Fork American River is the longest branch of the American River in Northern California. It is long from its source at the crest of the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe, to its mouth at Folsom Lake northeast of Sacramento. Prior to the construction of Folsom Dam the river was about longer making for a total length of .", "title": "North Fork American River" }, { "docid": "23455173#13", "text": "The North Fork is the longest tributary of the American River, at . It begins at an elevation of about near Lake Tahoe in Placer County at Mountain Meadow Lake, just northeast of Granite Chief and immediately due west of Squaw Valley Ski Resort. It flows westward through remote wilderness areas.", "title": "American River" } ]

[ { "docid": "879606#1", "text": "The Stones River is composed of three major forks: the West, Middle, and East forks. The West Fork, long, rises in southernmost Rutherford County near the Bedford County line. The upstream portion of its course runs roughly parallel to U.S. Highway 231. The Middle Fork, long, rises in an area of low hills, or knobs, also near the line with Bedford County, near Hoovers Gap, an important troop movement route during the American Civil War. It flows roughly parallel to, but west of, Interstate 24 and U.S. Highway 41, and is met by the West Fork near State Route 99. The East Fork is the longest, at ; it rises in Cannon County on Short Mountain, an outlier of the Cumberland Plateau, and flows through Woodbury, the county seat. This stream is roughly paralleled by U.S. Route 70S.", "title": "Stones River" }, { "docid": "4954175#2", "text": "The river has three forks: the South Fork, Wheatfield Fork and the North Fork. The South Fork is the longest and travels northwest, parallel to the coast along the San Andreas Fault rift zone. The Wheatfield Fork begins west of Lake Sonoma and has the largest flow of the three forks. Its tributaries include Tombs, Wolf, House, Haupt and Fuller creeks. Wheatfield is the first fork to combine with the South Fork. Buckeye Creek, a tributary of the river, joins the South Fork next. It is followed by Rockpile Creek and Big Pepperwod Creek. The North Fork is the only part of the river in Mendocino County. It travels roughly southwest towards the coast along the San Andreas Fault rift zone and meets the South Fork at the border between the counties, a few miles before the river flows into the ocean.", "title": "Gualala River" }, { "docid": "28499161#0", "text": "The \"Atlas of Oregon\" ranks 31 rivers in the state by average streamflow; the top five are the Columbia, Snake, Willamette, Santiam, and Umpqua. Not all Oregon rivers with high average flows are on this list of longest streams because neither their main stems nor any of their tributaries (including what are called \"forks\") are at least 50 miles (80 km) long. High-flow streams mentioned in the \"Atlas\" but not included in this long-stream list are the Metolius, Hood, Youngs, and Coos rivers. On the other hand, the list includes four low-flow intermittent streams—Dry River, Rattlesnake Creek, Rock Creek, and Dry Creek—that cross parts of the Oregon High Desert.", "title": "List of longest streams of Oregon" }, { "docid": "3683610#3", "text": "The North Fabius River, about long, is the longest of the three forks and rises near Moulton in southwestern Appanoose County, Iowa. It flows generally southeastwardly through Davis County in Iowa and Schuyler, Scotland, Knox, Clark, Lewis and Marion counties in Missouri, past the towns of Memphis and Monticello, both in Missouri. In its upper course it collects two short tributaries known as the North Fork North Fabius River and the South Fork North Fabius River.", "title": "Fabius River" }, { "docid": "4301442#31", "text": "In January 2008, the Guinness Book of World Records recognized The Forks as the home of the longest skating rink in the world. The 8.54-kilometre-long Assiniboine Credit Union River Trail on the Assiniboine River and the Red River is almost 1 kilometer longer than the previous record-holding rink. The 7.8-kilometre long rink on the Rideau Canal in Ottawa, Ontario had lost its World Record title which it had held since 1971. Then in 2008 the rivers beat their own record which made the longest rink go to about 9.3-kilometres. The Rideau Canal still held the record for the \"world's largest naturally frozen ice rink\" by the Guinness Book of World Records because \"its entire length receives daily maintenance such as sweeping, ice thickness checks and there are toilet and recreational facilities along its entire length\". In 2013 the Assiniboine Credit Union River Trail lost its record to the Lake Windermere Whiteway at Invermere, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "The Forks, Winnipeg" }, { "docid": "5520778#1", "text": "The headwaters of the Rio Ruidoso are located near the top of Sierra Blanca Peak, in the rugged Sierra Blanca mountains, which is located within the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation. The upper reaches of the river are divided into three forks, the longest of which is the North Fork of the Rio Ruidoso. It begins on the north side of Sierra Blanca at Ice Spring near the Ski Apache ski area. The south and middle forks begin on the south side of the mountain. They merge in Cow Canyon approximately west of the point at which the south fork merges with the north fork. From there, the river winds its way down through the Sacramento Mountains, which are part of the Lincoln National Forest and through the village of Ruidoso, which was named after the river. Just east of Ruidoso two major tributaries, Cedar Creek and Carrizo Creek flow into the Rio Ruidoso.", "title": "Rio Ruidoso" }, { "docid": "4761443#1", "text": "The Concho River has three primary feeds: the North, Middle, and South Concho Rivers. The North Concho River is the longest fork, starting in Howard County and traveling southeast for until merging with the South and Middle forks near Goodfellow Air Force Base in San Angelo, Texas. The combined branches of the river flow east about until it eventually empties into the Colorado River within the waters of the O.H. Ivie Lake about east of Paint Rock, Texas.", "title": "Concho River" }, { "docid": "6005549#1", "text": "The river has Oregon's longest covered bridge crossing it at Westfir, the Office Bridge. Portions of the river were designated wild and scenic in 1988. The portion from Waldo Lake to upstream from Westfir is designated \"scenic\" by the State of Oregon and is known for its native trout by fly fishermen.", "title": "North Fork Middle Fork Willamette River" } ]

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[ { "docid": "195805#1", "text": "Michoacán is located in Western Mexico, and has a stretch of coastline on the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. It is bordered by the states of Colima and Jalisco to the west and northwest, Guanajuato to the north, Querétaro to the northeast, the State of México to the east, and Guerrero to the southeast.", "title": "Michoacán" } ]

[ { "docid": "40960416#0", "text": "Monte Grande, Michoacán is a \"rancho\" (ranch) located in the Mexican State of Michoacán. This \"rancho\" has an area of 153.41 square kilometres (0.12% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by the municipality of San Lucas, Michoacán, It sits between the state of Guerrero, and to the west of Huetamo, Michoacán another popular city in the region of Tierra Caliente (Mexico).", "title": "Monte Grande, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "20938859#2", "text": "The state of Michoacán lies within 100 miles of Mexico City. Its proximity to the capital combined with its heavy forests, mountainous terrain and difficult weather made it ideal for guerilla operations. The state's population was largely sympathetic to the Republican cause and the region was laced with routes for smuggling arms and supplies for Republican forces operating in the area. Maximilian found it unacceptable that Republican troops were operating so close to the capital without opposition. He found it important both strategically and politically that his forces quell Republican activity in Michoacán to prevent the destabilization of his regime.", "title": "Battle of Tacámbaro" }, { "docid": "15609458#3", "text": "Its territorial size is 162.64 km and it represents 0.35% of Michoacán.", "title": "Álvaro Obregón, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "195805#14", "text": "In 1831, the state was reorganized into 61 municipalities and 207 locales (tenencias). Due to the struggle between centralists and federalists in Mexico in the 19th century, Michoacán's rights as an entity would change depending on who was in control. The state was declared a department in 1836 but became a more independent state again in 1846. Colima broke off from Michoacán to form its own state in this year. In 1849, the municipality of Coyuca was separated to form the state of Guerrero. In 1853, the state became a department again, regaining state status in 1856. In 1857, Contepec was separated from the state of Guanajuato and attached to Michoacán. In 1863, the diocese of Michoacán was reduced in size, but its status was also elevated to archdiocese.", "title": "Michoacán" }, { "docid": "15490630#0", "text": "The municipality of Lagunillas is located in the state of Michoacán. Its municipal seat is Lagunillas, Michoacán. It is bordered on the north and east by Morelia, south and west with Huiramba and Tzintzuntzan. Its distance from the state capital is 30 kilometers by the federal highway Morelia-Patzcuaro number 14. Lagunillas (small lakes) owes its name to the system of lakes and ponds that existed in ancient times in the region. During the colony a population center type hacendario. This place was called “Hacienda de Lagunillas”. By running the years the economic and social life revolved around the farm until the year of 1930 when “La Reforma Agraria” (the agrarian reform) took place.", "title": "Lagunillas Municipality, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "18695217#2", "text": "Following up on an operation planned by predecessor, Vicente Fox, on December 12, President Felipe Calderón ordered the military to send 4,000 troops to his home state of Michoacán, where drug-related crime had left over 500 dead. Troops were assigned to areas under the control of organized criminals, conducting raids, making arrests and establishing control points on highways and secondary roads. In 2007 May 8 in Apatzingan, Michoacán, Soldiers from the 51st Infantry Battalion engaged drug traffickers. Soldiers driving HMMWV armed with Mk 19 grenade launchers killed 4 cartel gunmen, 3 soldiers were reported wounded.Operation Michoacán is the first stage of the so-called War Against Drug Trafficking implemented by the federal government of President Felipe Calderón. The joint operation has been questioned about the human rights violations that may have occurred, given the military presence among the civilian population of the state of Michoacán. The chairman of the National Commission on Human Rights, José Luis Soberanes, in May 2007, charged that had been at least 53 complaints of human rights violations by the military to the civilian population.", "title": "Operation Michoacán" }, { "docid": "13578433#1", "text": "The municipality is located at the southeast of the state bordering the Mexican state of Guerrero. It has a territory of 468.01 km2, which represents the 9% of the state of Michoacán. San Lucas takes part of the San Lucas municipality. The government is constituted by a municipal president, one syndic, and three regidors. Other principal communities include Angao, San Pedro, Tacupa, Riva Palacio, and Tamarindo. San Lucas’ principal crafts are the production of palm hats, huaraches and more.", "title": "San Lucas Municipality, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "42065445#18", "text": "The municipality is located in the north of the state of Michoacán and has an average altitude of 1,840 meters above sea level. The territory is relatively flat as part of the Cuitzeo Depression with some hills such as the Manuma, Campanas, Coronilla, Encina and Amoles. The main surface water is Lake Cuitzeo, but there are two main streams called Colorado and Blanco. There is also a dam called San Cristóbal. The climate is temperate with an average annual rainfall of 965 ml. Temperatures vary between 12.4 and 27.2C. Most of the wild vegetation is grassland, with huisache, opuntia, mesquite and other arid plants. Wildlife mostly consists of squirrels, cacomixtles, coyotes, rabbits, aquatic birds, and various fish.", "title": "Huandacareo, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "3592040#0", "text": "Aquila () is a town in the southwest part of the Mexican state of Michoacán. It is 23 mi/43 km southeast of Tecoman. Its population was 1,915 in 2002. It is located at Latitude: 18°35'N Longitude: 103°31'W and at elevation 989 ft/510 m. It has harsh terrain. Agriculture consists of small farming, mainly for subsistence. There is one paved road south to Mexico Highway 200 (5 mi/11 km away).", "title": "Aquila, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "1921552#0", "text": "El Caracol is a small village in the mountains of the Mexican state of Michoacán, in the municipality of Hidalgo. It is located off the State route of Mexico-Morelia-Guadalajara, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Mil Cumbres at an elevation of 2896 m (9501 ft) above mean sea level. Seasonal temperatures vary from 40–79 °F (4–26 °C) July to February and 60–89 °F (16–32 °C) March to June with relatively low humidity. There are almost no mosquitoes, snakes or other pests.", "title": "El Caracol, Michoacán" }, { "docid": "195805#20", "text": "The state is located in the center west of the Mexican Republic, on the extreme southwest of the central highlands. It borders the states of Mexico, Querétaro, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Jalisco and Colima, with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean. The state has a territory of , making it the sixteenth largest in Mexico (exactly at midpoint among Mexican states in Area). In addition, it also has of marine territory off its Pacific coast.", "title": "Michoacán" } ]

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[ { "docid": "156489#0", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the \"Harry Potter\" series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. Five million copies were sold in the first 24 hours of publication. It is the longest book of the series.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ { "docid": "156489#19", "text": "\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the fifth book in the \"Harry Potter\" series. The first book in the series, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" was first published by Bloomsbury in 1997 with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, three hundred of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9 to 11 year-olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second novel, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\", was published in the UK on 2 July 1998. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" was published on 8 July 2000  simultaneously by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the longest book from the series, yet the second shortest film at 2 hours and 18 minutes.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "156489#20", "text": "After the publishing of \"Order of the Phoenix\", the sixth book of the series, \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\", was published on 16 July 2005, and sold 9 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release. The seventh and final novel, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", was published 21 July 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "156489#24", "text": "The first official foreign translation of the book appeared in Vietnamese on 21 July 2003, when the first of twenty-two instalments was released. The first official European translation appeared in Serbia and Montenegro in Serbian, by the official publisher \"Narodna Knjiga\", in early September 2003. Other translations appeared later (e.g. in November 2003 in Dutch and German). The English-language version has topped the best-seller list in France, while in Germany and the Netherlands an unofficial distributed translation process was started on the Internet.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "16559#9", "text": "When the first trade paperback of \"The Dark Phoenix Saga\" was published in 1984, Marvel also published a 48-page special issue titled \"Phoenix: The Untold Story\". It contained the original version of \"Uncanny X-Men\" #137, the original splash page for \"Uncanny X-Men\" #138, and transcripts of a roundtable discussion between Shooter, Claremont, Byrne, editors Jim Salicrup and Louise Jones, and inker Terry Austin about the creation of the new Phoenix persona, the development of the story, and what led to its eventual change, and Claremont and Byrne's plans for Jean Grey had she survived.", "title": "Jean Grey" }, { "docid": "156489#22", "text": "A video game adaptation of the book and film versions of \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" was made for Microsoft Windows, PS2, PS3, Xbox 360, PSP, Nintendo DS, Wii, Game Boy Advance and Mac OS X. It was released on 25 June 2007 in the U.S., 28 June 2007 in Australia and 29 June 2007 in the UK and Europe for PlayStation 3, PSP, PlayStation 2, Windows and 3 July 2007 for most other platforms. The games were published by Electronic Arts.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "259106#6", "text": "The following characters were members of the Order of the Phoenix during Lord Voldemort's initial rise to power and several years prior to the main events of the \"Harry Potter\" series. Many of these characters later served as members of the revived Order.\nThese characters joined the Order when Dumbledore reactivated it after Lord Voldemort's return at the end of \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\".\nThis is a list of notable members of the Order of the Phoenix. Albus Dumbledore, Severus Snape and Rubeus Hagrid have their own pages. Minerva McGonagall is listed under Hogwarts staff, Fred and George are listed under Dumbledore's Army, and Peter Pettigrew is listed under Death Eater.", "title": "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)" }, { "docid": "7968800#0", "text": "Phoenix was a samizdat literary magazine published by Yuri Galanskov in 1960 and 1966. The magazine was founded by Galanskov and Alexander Ginzburg. Only two issues were ever produced (\"Phoenix\" in 1960 and \"Phoenix-66\" in 1966). The magazine died after the arrest of Galanskov and subsequent Trial of the Four.", "title": "Phoenix (literary magazine)" }, { "docid": "29844460#2", "text": "R-3 \"The Egg of the Phoenix\" was written by Frank Mentzer, with art by Bob Walters, and published by TSR/RPGA in 1982 as a 16-page booklet with an outer folder. The module was a limited edition, sold only to members of the RPGA. It was later rewritten, and collected with the other modules from the R-series in I12 \"Egg of the Phoenix\".", "title": "The Egg of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "15016440#0", "text": "The Phoenix Requiem is a dystopic fantasy webcomic written and drawn by Sarah Ellerton, author and artist of \"Inverloch\", which takes place in a setting similar to Victorian-era England. The comic's first pages were published on September 27, 2007, and the final pages were published on March 16, 2011. During its run, \"The Phoenix Requiem\" updated with 2-3 new pages on Mondays and Thursdays.", "title": "The Phoenix Requiem" } ]

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[ { "docid": "62200#1", "text": "Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements. The radioactive oganesson atom is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (possibly six) atoms of the nuclide Og have been detected. Although this allowed very little experimental characterization of its properties and possible compounds, theoretical calculations have resulted in many predictions, including some surprising ones. For example, although oganesson is a member of group 18 – the first synthetic element to be so – it may be significantly reactive, unlike all the other elements of that group (the noble gases). It was formerly thought to be a gas under normal conditions but is now predicted to be a solid due to relativistic effects. On the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period.", "title": "Oganesson" }, { "docid": "62200#0", "text": "Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow in Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist, in this case the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who has played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium; it is also the only element whose namesake is alive today.", "title": "Oganesson" } ]

[ { "docid": "5659#41", "text": "The known elements have atomic numbers from 1 through 118, conventionally presented as Arabic numerals. Since the elements can be uniquely sequenced by atomic number, conventionally from lowest to highest (as in a periodic table), sets of elements are sometimes specified by such notation as \"through\", \"beyond\", or \"from ... through\", as in \"through iron\", \"beyond uranium\", or \"from lanthanum through lutetium\". The terms \"light\" and \"heavy\" are sometimes also used informally to indicate relative atomic numbers (not densities), as in \"lighter than carbon\" or \"heavier than lead\", although technically the weight or mass of atoms of an element (their atomic weights or atomic masses) do not always increase monotonically with their atomic numbers.", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "docid": "31743#0", "text": "Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99%) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "docid": "181556#47", "text": "Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots, weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys and as a radiation shield. Lead has the highest atomic number of all of the stable elements, although the next higher element, bismuth, has a half-life that is so long (much longer than the age of the universe) that it can be considered stable. Its four stable isotopes have 82 protons, a magic number in the nuclear shell model of atomic nuclei.", "title": "Period 6 element" }, { "docid": "5659#8", "text": "Of the 94 naturally occurring elements, those with atomic numbers 1 through 82 each have at least one stable isotope (except for technetium, element 43 and promethium, element 61, which have no stable isotopes). Isotopes considered stable are those for which no radioactive decay has yet been observed. Elements with atomic numbers 83 through 94 are unstable to the point that radioactive decay of all isotopes can be detected. Some of these elements, notably bismuth (atomic number 83), thorium (atomic number 90), and uranium (atomic number 92), have one or more isotopes with half-lives long enough to survive as remnants of the explosive stellar nucleosynthesis that produced the heavy metals before the formation of our Solar System. At over 1.9 years, over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe, bismuth-209 (atomic number 83) has the longest known alpha decay half-life of any naturally occurring element, and is almost always considered on par with the 80 stable elements. The very heaviest elements (those beyond plutonium, element 94) undergo radioactive decay with half-lives so short that they are not found in nature and must be synthesized.", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "docid": "30041#29", "text": "Technetium, with atomic number (denoted \"Z\") 43, is the lowest-numbered element in the periodic table of which all isotopes are radioactive. The second-lightest exclusively radioactive element, promethium, has an atomic number of 61. Atomic nuclei with an odd number of protons are less stable than those with even numbers, even when the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) is even, and odd numbered elements have fewer stable isotopes.", "title": "Technetium" }, { "docid": "17747#0", "text": "Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin \"plumbum\") and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes each conclude a major decay chain of heavier elements.", "title": "Lead" }, { "docid": "5180#10", "text": "A chemical element is a pure substance which is composed of a single type of atom, characterized by its particular number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms, known as the atomic number and represented by the symbol \"Z\". The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. Although all the nuclei of all atoms belonging to one element will have the same atomic number, they may not necessarily have the same mass number; atoms of an element which have different mass numbers are known as isotopes. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, but atoms of carbon may have mass numbers of 12 or 13.", "title": "Chemistry" }, { "docid": "5676#0", "text": "Californium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first synthesized in 1950 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). The element was named after the university and the state of California.", "title": "Californium" }, { "docid": "20373503#16", "text": "All group 3 elements have an odd atomic number, and therefore few stable isotopes. Scandium has one stable isotope, and yttrium itself has only one stable isotope, Y, which is also the only isotope that occurs naturally. However, the lanthanide rare earths contain elements of even atomic number and many stable isotopes. Yttrium-89 is thought to be more abundant than it otherwise would be, due in part to the s-process, which allows enough time for isotopes created by other processes to decay by electron emission (neutron → proton). Such a slow process tends to favor isotopes with atomic mass numbers (A = protons + neutrons) around 90, 138 and 208, which have unusually stable atomic nuclei with 50, 82, and 126 neutrons, respectively. Y has a mass number close to 90 and has 50 neutrons in its nucleus.", "title": "Yttrium" } ]

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[ { "docid": "402351#0", "text": "There are one hundred and fourteen colleges and universities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that are listed under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. These institutions include nine research universities, twenty-one master's universities, and thirty-four special-focus institutions. This number excludes the newly reopened Atlantic Union College, which has yet to receive accreditation. Eighty-five of Massachusetts' post-secondary institutions are private, of which five are for-profit. Thirty of the state's post-secondary institutions are public, a number which excludes the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which was founded by the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act, but later became a private institution.", "title": "List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts" } ]

[ { "docid": "1645518#104", "text": "Several universities in Massachusetts are notable for their collegiate athletics. The state is home to two Division I FBS teams, Boston College of the Atlantic Coast Conference, and FBS Independent University of Massachusetts at Amherst. FCS play includes Harvard University, which competes in the famed Ivy League, and College of the Holy Cross of the Patriot League. Boston University, Northeastern University, UMASS Lowell, and Merrimack College also participate in Division I athletics. Many other Massachusetts colleges compete in lower divisions such as Division III, where MIT, Tufts University, Amherst College, Williams College, and others field competitive teams.", "title": "Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "402351#3", "text": "At least eighty-two colleges and universities have closed in Massachusetts, beginning with Worcester Medical Institute in 1859. Defunct institutes include multiple private institutions, and the public Hyannis State Teachers College. Many schools were also merged into modern public universities, which form the origins of the Boston, Dartmouth, and Lowell campuses of the University of Massachusetts system. Many of these were private institutions, which either merged with private institutions and ceased to grant degrees, or institutions like the Swedenborg School of Religion, which merged with the Pacific School of Religion upon its relocation to California. The Bible Normal School was founded in Massachusetts but moved to Connecticut before it was merged into the Hartford Seminary. However, this excludes institutions which operated as part of for-profit corporations incorporated in other states, such as Empire Beauty Schools and the University of Phoenix, as they were not operated as separate college campuses and operated more as corporate entities.", "title": "List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "9558435#2", "text": "Many colleges and universities in Massachusetts are active in college athletics. There are a number of NCAA Division I members in the state for multiple sports: Boston College, Boston University, Northeastern University, Harvard University, College of the Holy Cross, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and the University of Massachusetts Lowell.", "title": "Sports in Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "402351#2", "text": "The University of Massachusetts Amherst is the state's sole public land-grant university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Massachusetts system. There are also eleven Catholic post-secondary institutions, including Boston College, College of the Holy Cross, and Stonehill College. There are also two Judaic post-secondary institutions in Massachusetts, including Brandeis University and Hebrew College. The state has four medical schools, including Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School. There are nine law schools, which are accredited by the American Bar Association, including Boston College Law School, Harvard Law School and the University of Massachusetts School of Law. One hundred and seven of Massachusetts post-secondary institutions are officially recognized by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), while most are accredited by multiple higher education accreditation agencies.", "title": "List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "1645518#50", "text": "Massachusetts is home to 121 institutions of higher education. Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both located in Cambridge, consistently rank among the world's best private universities and universities in general. In addition to Harvard and MIT, several other Massachusetts universities currently rank in the top 50 at the undergraduate level nationally in the widely cited rankings of \"U.S. News and World Report\": Tufts University (#27), Boston College (#32), Brandeis University (#34), Boston University (#37) and Northeastern University (#40). Massachusetts is also home to three of the top five \"U.S. News and World Report\"s best Liberal Arts Colleges: Williams College (#1), Amherst College (#2), and Wellesley College (#4). The public University of Massachusetts (nicknamed \"UMass\") features five campuses in the state, with its flagship campus in Amherst that enrolls over 25,000 students.", "title": "Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "2789854#8", "text": "On Howe Street, the college has their Howe Building Annex, which the top floor is used for Dance, Music, and Voice classes. The bottom floor is a storage/garage for facilities.", "title": "Middlesex Community College (Massachusetts)" }, { "docid": "1601618#6", "text": "The School of Professional and Continuing Studies offers degree programs in human services and has seven satellite campuses located throughout the country, as well as representation on the main College campus in Springfield, Massachusetts. Its campuses are located in Boston, Mass.; Houston, Texas; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; St. Johnsbury, Vermont; Tampa, Florida; Springfield, Massachusetts; and Wilmington, Delaware. The human services programs came to Springfield College in 1988, when they were acquired from Southern New Hampshire University (then known as New Hampshire College).", "title": "Springfield College (Massachusetts)" }, { "docid": "2667288#13", "text": "Endicott College is listed as one of the haunted colleges in the book \"Haunted Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts\" by Renee Mallet. The school was also mentioned in the book \"Haunted Halls \"by Elizabeth Tucker. There are many ghost stories that students share about the dorms that they live in and some are thought to be true. Old maps of Beverly call Endicott’s surrounding areas as the “Witch’s Woods,” as it was rumored to be a place where many escaped to after being accused in the Salem Witch Trials by hiding in the forests.", "title": "Endicott College" }, { "docid": "18879#34", "text": "MIT has five schools (Science, Engineering, Architecture and Planning, Management, and Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) and one college (Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology), but no schools of law or medicine. A second college, The Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing, is scheduled to open in September 2019. While faculty committees assert substantial control over many areas of MIT's curriculum, research, student life, and administrative affairs, the chair of each of MIT's 32 academic departments reports to the dean of that department's school, who in turn reports to the Provost under the President. The current president is L. Rafael Reif, who formerly served as provost under President Susan Hockfield, the first woman to hold the post.", "title": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology" } ]

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[ { "docid": "25459516#4", "text": "At the end of the war, his childhood friend Desi Arnaz asked Rizo to join him as the pianist and orchestrator for his band, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra. He toured the U.S. with the band until 1950. When Arnaz started production of \"I Love Lucy\", he once again turned to Rizo, hiring him to be the pianist and orchestrator for the show between 1951 and 1957. Rizo also made several on-camera appearances on the show throughout its run on television.\nContrary to popular belief he did not write the I Love Lucy theme by himself which had music by Rizo, Eliot Daniel and Desi Arnaz with lyrics by Harold Adamson. The lyrics were only heard once on the series in the Season three episode 'Lucy's Last Birthday' made in 1953.\nAfter the \"I Love Lucy\" show ended, he remained with CBS and was the pianist-arranger for the “Bob Hope Radio Show.”", "title": "Marco Rizo" }, { "docid": "144832#0", "text": "I Love Lucy is a popular 1950s American television sitcom that originally ran on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning 6 seasons (including the 'lost' original pilot and Christmas episode). The show starred Lucille Ball, her real-life husband Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley. It followed the life of Lucy Ricardo (Ball), a middle class housewife in New York City, who either concocted plans with her best friends (Vance & Frawley) to appear alongside her bandleader husband Ricky Ricardo (Arnaz) in his nightclub, or tried numerous schemes to mingle with, or be a part of show business. After the series ended in 1957, a modified version continued for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials; it ran from 1957 to 1960. It was first known as \"The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show\" and later in reruns as \"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\". Following the end of that, Ball divorced Arnaz and appeared in three other sitcoms into 1986.", "title": "I Love Lucy" } ]

[ { "docid": "4299615#1", "text": "In total 180 episodes of \"I Love Lucy\" were produced, plus a pilot episode. The pilot, which was not made for broadcast and did not air as part of the show's original run, is generally not counted as one of the episodes and therefore is not listed below. It is, however, included on DVD and Blu-ray releases of the first season. Following \"I Love Lucy\", a further 13 hour-long episodes were produced under the title of \"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\".\nAfter season six, the series was renamed \"The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show\" for its original broadcast run and rather than airing as weekly half hour series, hour-long episodes were produced to run occasionally during the year. There were thirteen hour-long shows. The first five were broadcast as specials during the 1957-58 television season. The other eight episodes were broadcast as part of the \"Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse\" from October 6, 1958, to April 1, 1960. The series was subsequently broadcast in syndication as \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\" and \"We Love Lucy\". This show had the same cast as \"I Love Lucy\", employed many of the other same actors, and featured many famous guest stars. Of the original \"I Love Lucy\" cast, besides the principals, only Lucy's mother appeared in any \"Comedy Hour\" episode. She appears in season 3, episode 2 'The Ricardos Go To Japan' as Little Ricky's babysitter.", "title": "List of I Love Lucy episodes" }, { "docid": "4319219#10", "text": "Critics have generally regarded the series as a rather pallid continuation of \"I Love Lucy\", with not enough of the original show's brisk pace and memorable sketchwork, and an excessive use of celebrity guest-stars. Still, many fans enjoy the series because of the cast, which remained intact from the original. \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\" is occasionally seen on nostalgia outlets like TV Land in its original hour-long format, or in edited thirty-minute installments (beginning in 1987) as \"We Love Lucy\" and run directly after the sixth season of \"I Love Lucy\" the additional 'episodes' broadcast as a 7th season of \"I Love Lucy\". Me-TV broadcast the program in the original one-hour format during the summer of 2012. The Decades Channel ran a weekend binge marathon of \"Lucy-Desi\" in August 2015. With just 13 episodes produced and broadcast during its 3-year run the series was released as one DVD box collection separate from the \"I Love Lucy\" sets.", "title": "The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour" }, { "docid": "144832#35", "text": "In 1957, \"I Love Lucy\" was re-tailored into an hour-long show originally titled \"The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show\" that was to be part of an anthology series called the \"Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse\". The hour-long \"Lucy-Desi\" show was to alternate on a monthly basis with other hour long \"Playhouse\" shows. The new series put a much heavier emphasis on big name guest stars as being part of the plot and although the Mertz characters continued into the new series, their roles became somewhat diminished. Although a lighter workload was welcomed by Frawley, Vance came to somewhat resent the change. Arnaz, in an effort to please Vance, for whom he had much respect, proposed doing a spin-off from \"I Love Lucy\" called \"The Mertzes\". Seeing a lucrative opportunity and the chance to star in his own show, Frawley was enthused. Vance, however, declined for a number of reasons, the biggest factor being that she felt she and Frawley could barely work together on the ensemble show they were doing at the time, so it would be much less likely the two could work together on their \"own\" series. Vance also felt that the Mertz characters would not be as successful without the Ricardos to play off of, and despite being her biggest success, she was becoming interested in playing more glamorous roles rather than Ethel. In fact, during the thirteen-episode run of the \"Lucy-Desi\" hour-long shows, Vance was given a lot more latitude to look more attractive as Ethel Mertz, something she was denied during the run of the \"I Love Lucy\" episodes. Frawley's resentment of Vance intensified after she declined to do the spin-off show and the two rarely talked to each other outside of their characters' dialogue with one another.", "title": "I Love Lucy" }, { "docid": "144832#56", "text": "After the conclusion of the sixth season of \"I Love Lucy\", the Arnazes decided to cut down on the number of episodes that were filmed. Instead, they extended \"I Love Lucy\" to 60 minutes, with a guest star each episode. They renamed the show \"The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show\", also known as \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\". Thirteen hour-long episodes aired from 1957 to 1960. The main cast, Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, William Frawley and Little Ricky/Richard Keith (birth name Keith Thibodeaux) were all in the show. \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\" is available on DVD, released as \"I Love Lucy: The Final Seasons 7, 8, & 9\". On March 2, Desi's birthday, 1960, the day after the last hour-long episode was filmed, Lucille Ball filed for divorce from Desi Arnaz. It made that playful, yet passionate kiss at the end of the final episode, which aired April 1, \"Lucy Meets the Moustache\", all the more poignant, as the world already knew that this storied Hollywood marriage was all but over, and also lent extra meaning to the use of the song \"That's All\" (performed by guest star Edie Adams) in that episode.", "title": "I Love Lucy" }, { "docid": "346303#7", "text": "In 1957, after the highly successful half-hour \"I Love Lucy\" episodes had ended, Vance continued playing Ethel Mertz on a series of hour-long specials titled \"The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show\" (later retitled \"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\"). In 1959, she divorced her third husband, Philip Ober, who allegedly physically abused her. When \"I Love Lucy\" was reformatted into the hour-long \"Lucy-Desi\" shows in 1957, Desi Arnaz offered Vance and Frawley the opportunity to star in their own \"Fred and Ethel\" spin-off show. Although Frawley was very interested, Vance declined, mainly because she did not want to work on a one-on-one basis with Frawley as they already did not get along. Also, she felt the Mertz characters would be unsuccessful in a show without the Ricardos. Vance's choice to decline the would-be show intensified the animosity between her and Frawley. Instead, Vance was interested in doing a series based on the life of Babs Hooten, a New York socialite who moves to New Mexico to run a hotel and ranch. Desi Arnaz financed a pilot starring Vance as Hooten titled \"Guestward, Ho!\", which was shot in 1958 by Desilu; however, the show was rejected by CBS and Vance continued playing Ethel Mertz. Arnaz would later retool the show with model and actress Joanne Dru taking the lead role, selling the series to ABC, where it was subsequently cancelled after one season.", "title": "Vivian Vance" }, { "docid": "144832#65", "text": "\"I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom\", a comedy about how Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz battled to get their sitcom on the air, had its world premiere in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, starring Sarah Drew as Lucy, Oscar Nuñez as Desi, and Seamus Dever as series creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, from Gregg Oppenheimer (son of Jess Oppenheimer), was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution.\nSeveral classic episodes of \"I Love Lucy\" have been colorized. Star and producer Desi Arnaz had expressed interest in airing the show in color as early as 1955, but the cost of such a presentation was prohibitive at the time.", "title": "I Love Lucy" }, { "docid": "3331466#7", "text": "Writers Carroll, Pugh and Oppenheimer all agreed to continue with \"I Love Lucy\". They subsequently reworked numerous \"My Favorite Husband\" episodes into \"I Love Lucy\" episodes early in the TV show's run. For example, the March 18, 1949 radio episode entitled \"Giveaway Program\" inspired the November 24, 1952 \"I Love Lucy\" episode \"Redecorating\". Many of the actors who appeared on \"My Favorite Husband\" on radio later appeared on \"I Love Lucy\", often in episodes where they reprised their original roles from a reworked \"My Favorite Husband\" script. During the first season of \"I Love Lucy\" Gale Gordon twice played the role of the boss, and the May 26, 1952 episode entitled \"Lucy's Schedule\" was a rewrite of the April 22, 1949 \"My Favorite Husband\" episode \"Time Schedule\" (also called \"Budgeting Time\".)", "title": "My Favorite Husband" }, { "docid": "144832#41", "text": "\"I Love Lucy\" aired Mondays from 9:00 to 9:30 PM ET on CBS for its entire first run. Each year during its summer hiatus its timeslot was occupied by various summer replacement series. Beginning in April 1955 CBS added reruns from the show's early years to its early evening weekend schedule. This would be the first of several occasions when \"I Love Lucy\" reruns would become part of CBS's evening, prime time, and (later on) daytime schedules.", "title": "I Love Lucy" }, { "docid": "24191364#30", "text": "A scene in which Lucy and Ricky practice the tango, in the episode \"Lucy Does The Tango\", evoked the longest recorded studio audience laugh in the history of the show — so long that the sound editor had to cut that section of the soundtrack in half. During the show's production breaks, Lucy and Desi starred together in two feature films: \"The Long, Long Trailer\" (1954) and \"Forever, Darling\" (1956). After \"I Love Lucy\" ended its run in 1957, the main cast continued to appear in occasional hour-long specials under the title \"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\" until 1960.", "title": "Lucille Ball" } ]

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[ { "docid": "182259#8", "text": "Trench warfare has become archetypically associated with the First World War of 1914–1918, when the Race to the Sea rapidly expanded trench use on the Western Front starting in September 1914. By the end of October 1914 the whole front in Belgium and France had solidified into lines of trenches, which lasted until the last weeks of the war. Mass infantry assaults were futile in the face of artillery fire as well as rapid rifle and machine-gun fire. Both sides concentrated on breaking up enemy attacks and on protecting their own troops by digging deep into the ground. Trench warfare also took place on other fronts, including in Italy and at Gallipoli.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "182259#1", "text": "Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defender held the advantage. On the Western Front in 1914–1918, both sides constructed elaborate trench, underground, and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire, mines, camouflaged trapping pits, and other obstacles. The area between opposing trench lines (known as \"no man's land\") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "182259#15", "text": "Trench warfare prevailed on the Western Front from late 1914 until the Germans launched their Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918. After the buildup of forces in 1915, the Western Front became a stalemated struggle between equals, to be decided by attrition. Frontal assaults, and their associated casualties, became inevitable because the continuous trench lines had no open flanks. Casualties of the defenders matched those of the attackers, as vast reserves were expended in costly counter-attacks or exposed to the attacker's massed artillery. There were periods in which rigid trench warfare broke down, such as during the Battle of the Somme, but the lines never moved very far. The war would be won by the side that was able to commit the last reserves to the Western Front.", "title": "Trench warfare" } ]

[ { "docid": "182259#38", "text": "Some sectors of the front saw little activity throughout the war, making life in the trenches comparatively easy. When the I Anzac Corps first arrived in France in April 1916 after the evacuation of Gallipoli, they were sent to a relatively peaceful sector south of Armentières to \"acclimatise\". Other sectors were in a perpetual state of violent activity. On the Western Front, Ypres was invariably hellish, especially for the British in the exposed, overlooked salient. However, quiet sectors still amassed daily casualties through sniper fire, artillery, disease, and poison gas. In the first six months of 1916, before the launch of the Somme Offensive, the British did not engage in any significant battles on their sector of the Western Front and yet suffered 107,776 casualties. Only 1 in 2 men would return alive and unwounded from the trenches.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "182259#94", "text": "Only with the advent of accurate firearms did the use of trenches as positions for the defender of a fortification become common. Elaborate trench and bunker systems were employed by the Māori to withstand British artillery barrages and bayonet charges during the New Zealand Wars in the 1840s. Trench systems were also employed in the Russo-Japanese War and American Civil War. The military usage evolved very quickly in the First World War, until whole systems of extensive main trenches, backup trenches (in case the first lines were overrun) and communication trenches had been developed, often stretching dozens of kilometres along a front without interruption, and some kilometres further back from the opponent's lines.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "182259#117", "text": "Trench warfare has been infrequent in recent wars. When two large armoured armies meet, the result has generally been mobile warfare of the type which developed in World War II. However, trench warfare reemerged in the latter stages of the Chinese Civil War (Huaihai Campaign), the Korean War (from July 1951 to its end), and at Dien Bien Phu and other later locations and engagements during the Vietnam War. During the Cold War, NATO forces routinely trained to fight through extensive works called \"Soviet-style trench systems\", named after the Warsaw Pact's complex systems of field fortifications, an extension of Soviet field entrenching practices for which they were famous in their Great Patriotic War (the Eastern Front of World War II).", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "53170357#40", "text": "2/4th Londons received their introduction to trench warfare in the 'Eski' reserve line between 20 and 27 October, and suffered their first battle casualties. Thereafter they did seven-day tours of duty in the reserve line alternating with 'rest' in flooded camps in the rear. In December the battalion took over frontline trenches. Between 31 December and 8 January 1916 the battalion was evacuated to Mudros by detachments as the Gallipoli operation was closed down. From Mudros the battalion was taken to Alexandria aboard HMT \"Ionian\", arriving on 21 January.", "title": "4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment" }, { "docid": "182259#111", "text": "Tanks were first introduced by the British as a means to attack enemy trenches, by combining heavy firepower (machine guns or light artillery guns), protection from small-arms fire (armour), and battlefield mobility (tracks). These tanks were designed with rhomboid-shaped tracks to easily crush barbed wire lines and cross trenches. They were first deployed in 1916 at the Battle of the Somme in limited numbers, proving unreliable and ineffective at first, as mechanical and logistical issues overshadowed implementing a coherent tank doctrine, with the additional challenge of traversing ground torn apart by years of shell fire. At the First Battle of Cambrai in 1917, improved tanks in larger numbers demonstrated the potential of tank warfare, though German improvised anti-tank tactics, including using direct fire from field artillery, also proved effective.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "182259#49", "text": "One famous truce was the Christmas truce between British and German soldiers in the winter of 1914 on the front near Armentières. German soldiers began singing Christmas carols and soon soldiers left their trenches. The soldiers exchanged gifts and stories, and played several games of football. The commanders of the warring nations disapproved of this cease fire, and the British court-martialed several of their soldiers. Roughly 100,000 British and German troops were involved in the unofficial cessations of hostility along the Western Front. The first truce started on Christmas Eve 1914, when German troops decorated the area around their trenches in the region of Ypres, Belgium and particularly in Saint-Yvon (called Saint-Yves, in Plugstreet/Ploegsteert – Comines-Warneton). The Germans placed candles on their trenches and on Christmas trees, then continued the celebration by singing Christmas carols. The British responded by singing carols of their own. The two sides continued by shouting Christmas greetings to each other. Soon thereafter, there were excursions across No Man's Land, where small gifts were exchanged, such as food, tobacco and alcohol, and souvenirs such as buttons and hats. The artillery in the region fell silent. The truce also allowed a breathing spell where recently killed soldiers could be brought back behind their lines by burial parties; joint services were held. In many sectors, the truce lasted through Christmas night, continuing until New Year's Day in others.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "docid": "1559537#3", "text": "Modern armoured warfare began during the First World War with the need to break the tactical, operational and strategic stalemates forced on commanders on the Western Front by the effectiveness of entrenched defensive infantry armed with machine guns—known as trench warfare. Under these conditions, any sort of advance was usually very slow and caused massive casualties. The development of the tank was motivated by the need to return manoeuvre to warfare, and the only practical way to do so was to provide caterpillar traction to (machine)guns allowing them to overcome trenches while at the same time offering them armour protection against small arms (rifle, machine gun) fire as they were moving.", "title": "Armoured warfare" } ]

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[ { "docid": "419373#1", "text": "The series debuted on July 12, 2002, on USA Network. It continued for eight seasons, with the final season concluding on December 4, 2009. The series held the record for the most-watched scripted drama episode in cable television history from 2009 through 2012 (broken by \"The Walking Dead\") with \"Mr. Monk and the End – Part II\", its series finale, with 9.4 million viewers, 3.2 million of them in the 18–49 demographic.", "title": "Monk (TV series)" } ]

[ { "docid": "419373#16", "text": "Although ABC originated the show, the network handed it off to the USA Network. USA is now owned by NBC (NBC Universal). \"Monk\" was the first ABC Studios-produced show aired on USA Network instead of ABC. Although ABC initially refused Monk, they did air repeats of the show on ABC in the summer and fall of 2002, and then again in the spring of 2004. On January 12, 2006, USA Network announced that \"Monk\" had been picked up through at least season six as one of the \"highest-rated series in cable history.\" An in-joke reference to this contract renewal was also inserted into the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Big Reward\", which aired around this time.", "title": "Monk (TV series)" }, { "docid": "21911224#2", "text": "In 1964 Monk assembled and began touring and recording with what would come to be regarded as his \"most venerable\" quartet. On October 31 and November 2 Monk recorded sessions for the album \"Solo Monk\". The band performed on October 31 and November 1 at the It Club, and then again on November 3 and 4 at San Francisco's Jazz Workshop, performances that were later released as \"Live at the Jazz Workshop\". Critic Bob Blumenthal called \"Live at the It Club\" \"an incredible cache of vintage Monk\" that serves as \"a prime document of what [Monk's] band sounded like\" during this productive period.", "title": "Live at the It Club" }, { "docid": "2204363#1", "text": "Written by Andy Breckman and directed by Randall Zisk, \"Mr. Monk Takes Manhattan\" was shot in New York. When the episode first aired in the United States on USA Network on June 18, 2004, it was watched by 5.5 million viewers. The episode garnered a mixed reaction from critics, praising the comedy obtained through putting Monk in a scenario that would arouse his fears while criticizing Monk's exaggerated reactions to the setting.", "title": "Mr. Monk Takes Manhattan" }, { "docid": "34255387#2", "text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.", "title": "Styrene monooxygenase" }, { "docid": "19477084#6", "text": "Recent exhibitions at Tensta konsthall include\n• “Abstract Possible: The Stockholm Synergies,” with Doug Ashford, Claire Barclay, Goldin+Senneby, Wade Guyton, Mai-Thu Perret, Walid Raad, and Haegue Yang, among others\n• “Kami, Khokha, Bert and Ernie: World Heritage” by Hinrich Sachs\n• “Doing what you want: Marie-Louise Ekman accompanied by Sister Corita Kent, Mladen Stilinović, and Martha Wilson” \n• “The Society without qualities” with Sören Andreasen, Ane Hjort Guttu, Sture Johannesson, Sharon Lockhardt, and Palle Nielsen (part of “The new model” and curated by Lars Bang Larsen)\n• “Working With…” by Zak Kyes\n• “We are continuing BBDG” with Bernd Krauss\n• “Two Archives” by Babak Afrassiabi and Nasrin Tabatabai", "title": "Tensta Konsthall" }, { "docid": "494189#52", "text": "After Bennett Cerf's death, stations continued to air shows where he was a panelist resulting in confusion among some fans, who were seeing \"new\" episodes with Cerf long after hearing about his death. At the time, syndication involved tape-sharing among stations that aired a series, a practice referred to as \"bicycling.\" As such, while \"What's My Line?\" aired daily on weekdays, each station airing the show did not air the same episode on a particular day. This prompted producer Gil Fates, who recalled the situation in his book, \"What's My Line?: TV's Most Famous Panel Show,\" to send a form letter response to fans who had written complaining about the late Bennett Cerf's failure to disappear, some saying the television stations were using poor taste.", "title": "What's My Line?" }, { "docid": "11247268#8", "text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"", "title": "Brickell World Plaza" }, { "docid": "38358079#15", "text": "In September 2016, after acquiring TWC, Charter indicated it would price the 2017 season above $4.50. “[The previous] deal is no longer on the table—it didn’t work,” said Charter Chief Executive Thomas Rutledge to the \"Los Angeles Times\". “We would love to sell the channel to others, but no one has bought it—and we are not giving it away. So if consumers want the Dodger channel, they’ll need to subscribe to us to get it.”", "title": "Spectrum SportsNet LA" } ]

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[ { "docid": "22419890#0", "text": "Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal blood oxygen levels in humans are considered 95–100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low resulting in hypoxemia. Blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed. Continued low oxygen levels may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. Oxygen therapy may be used to assist in raising blood oxygen levels. Oxygenation occurs when oxygen molecules () enter the tissues of the body. For example, blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air and into the blood. Oxygenation is commonly used to refer to medical oxygen saturation.", "title": "Oxygen saturation (medicine)" }, { "docid": "3997#20", "text": "About 98.5% of the oxygen in a sample of arterial blood in a healthy human breathing air at sea-level pressure is chemically combined with the hemoglobin. About 1.5% is physically dissolved in the other blood liquids and not connected to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule is the primary transporter of oxygen in mammals and many other species (for exceptions, see below). Hemoglobin has an oxygen binding capacity between 1.36 and 1.40 ml O per gram hemoglobin, which increases the total blood oxygen capacity seventyfold, compared to if oxygen solely were carried by its solubility of 0.03 ml O per liter blood per mm Hg partial pressure of oxygen (about 100 mm Hg in arteries).", "title": "Blood" } ]

[ { "docid": "15272963#7", "text": "Oxygen diffuses through membranes and into red blood cells after inhalation into the lungs. They are bound to dioxygen complexes, which are coordination compounds that contain O as a ligand, providing a more efficient oxygen-loading capacity. In blood, the heme group of hemoglobin binds oxygen when it is present, changing hemoglobin's color from bluish red to bright red. Vertebrate animals use hemoglobin in their blood to transport oxygen from their lungs to their tissues, but other animals use hemocyanin (molluscs and some arthropods) or hemerythrin (spiders and lobsters). A liter of blood can dissolve 200 cc of oxygen gas, which is much more than water can dissolve.", "title": "Dioxygen in biological reactions" }, { "docid": "31638472#0", "text": "The arteriovenous oxygen difference, or a-vO diff, is the difference in the oxygen content of the blood between the arterial blood and the venous blood. It is an indication of how much oxygen is removed from the blood in capillaries as the blood circulates in the body. The a-vO diff and cardiac output are the main factors that allow variation in the body's total oxygen consumption, and are important in measuring VO. The a-vO diff is usually measured in millilitres of oxygen per 100 millilitres of blood (mL/100 mL).", "title": "Arteriovenous oxygen difference" }, { "docid": "3551251#1", "text": "Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary vehicle for transporting oxygen in the blood. Oxygen is also carried dissolved in the blood's plasma, but to a much lesser degree. Hemoglobin is contained in red blood cells. Under certain conditions, oxygen bound to the hemoglobin is released into the blood's plasma and absorbed into the tissues. Each hemoglobin molecule has the capacity to carry four oxygen molecules. These molecules of oxygen bind to the iron of the Heme group. The binding of the first oxygen molecule induces a conformational change of hemoglobin that increases the affinity for the remaining three oxygen molecules.", "title": "Oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve" }, { "docid": "31638472#5", "text": "Arterial blood will generally contain an oxygen concentration of around 20 mL/100 mL. Venous blood with an oxygen concentration of 15 mL/100 mL would therefore lead to typical values of the a-vO diff at rest of around 5 mL/100 mL. During intense exercise, however, the a-vO diff can increase to as much as 16 mL/100 mL due to the working muscles extracting far more oxygen from the blood than they do at rest.", "title": "Arteriovenous oxygen difference" }, { "docid": "33209445#6", "text": "The ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen, sometimes called the \"Carrico index\", is a comparison between the oxygen level in the blood and the oxygen concentration that is breathed. This helps to determine the degree of any problems with how the lungs transfer oxygen to the blood. A sample of arterial blood is collected for this test. A PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than or equal to 200 is necessary for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome by the AECC criteria. The more recent Berlin criteria defines mild ARDS at a ratio of <300.", "title": "Fraction of inspired oxygen" }, { "docid": "3997#22", "text": "Under normal conditions in adult humans at rest, hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs is about 98–99% saturated with oxygen, achieving an oxygen delivery between 950 and 1150 ml/min to the body. In a healthy adult at rest, oxygen consumption is approximately 200–250 ml/min, and deoxygenated blood returning to the lungs is still roughly 75% (70 to 78%) saturated. Increased oxygen consumption during sustained exercise reduces the oxygen saturation of venous blood, which can reach less than 15% in a trained athlete; although breathing rate and blood flow increase to compensate, oxygen saturation in arterial blood can drop to 95% or less under these conditions. Oxygen saturation this low is considered dangerous in an individual at rest (for instance, during surgery under anesthesia). Sustained hypoxia (oxygenation less than 90%), is dangerous to health, and severe hypoxia (saturations less than 30%) may be rapidly fatal.", "title": "Blood" }, { "docid": "42179#140", "text": "In May 2007, the Caudwell Xtreme Everest undertook a medical study of oxygen levels in human blood at extreme altitude. Over 200 volunteers climbed to Everest Base Camp where various medical tests were performed to examine blood oxygen levels. A small team also performed tests on the way to the summit. Even at base camp, the low partial pressure of oxygen had direct effect on blood oxygen saturation levels. At sea level, blood oxygen saturation is generally 98–99%. At base camp, blood saturation fell to between 85 and 87%. Blood samples taken at the summit indicated very low oxygen levels in the blood. A side effect of low blood oxygen is a greatly increased breathing rate, often 80–90 breaths per minute as opposed to a more typical 20–30. Exhaustion can occur merely attempting to breathe.", "title": "Mount Everest" }, { "docid": "1144509#12", "text": "The calculation of the arterial and venous oxygen concentration of the blood is a straightforward process. Almost all oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells. Measuring the content of hemoglobin in the blood and the percentage of saturation of hemoglobin (the oxygen saturation of the blood) is a simple process and is readily available to physicians. Using the fact that each gram of hemoglobin can carry 1.34 ml of O, the oxygen content of the blood (either arterial or venous) can be estimated by the following formula:", "title": "Fick principle" } ]

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[ { "docid": "50444#156", "text": "According to the recent biography of Zhou by an anti-communist political pundit Gao Wenqian, Zhou was first diagnosed with bladder cancer in November 1972. Gao Wenqian claimed that Zhou's medical team reported that with treatment he had an 80 to 90 percent chance of recovery, but medical treatment for the highest ranking party members had to be approved by Mao. Gao Wenqian also claimed in his book that Mao ordered that Zhou and his wife should not be told of the diagnosis, no surgery should be performed, and no further examinations should be given. By 1974, Zhou was experiencing significant bleeding in his urine. After pressure by other Chinese leaders who had learned of Zhou's condition, Mao finally ordered a surgical operation to be performed in June 1974, but the bleeding returned a few months later, indicating metastasis of the cancer into other organs. A series of operations over the next year and a half failed to check the progress of the cancer. Zhou continued to conduct work during his stays in the hospital, with Deng Xiaoping, as the First Deputy Premier, handling most of the important State Council matters. His last major public appearance was at the first meeting of the 4th National People's Congress on 13 January 1975, where he presented the government's work report. He then fell out of the public eye for more medical treatment. Zhou Enlai died from cancer at 09:57 on 8 January 1976, aged 77.", "title": "Zhou Enlai" } ]

[ { "docid": "57491413#4", "text": "On the second day, after inquiring about the situations of the field and the post office, Zhou Enlai comes to the \"Danganhu\"'s (go-it-aloner) home to ask for information. The 65-year-old bachelor tells Zhou Enlai that he is an individuallist and he is afraid that others will eat his ration. At night, a freak storm badly damages all the sweet potato vines which were just planted. All the villagers are carrying rain gears to the fields to deal with the flood. Zhou Enlai is very melancholy when he sees the villagers working in the torrential rain. Zhou Enlai comes to the kitchen to help cooking a pot of brown sugar water.", "title": "The Story of Zhou Enlai" }, { "docid": "52180771#4", "text": "Shi died when she was 26 and was buried next to Gao Junyu in Taoranting Park. The story was highlighted by Zhou Enlai when he was premier of a communist China. He visited their graves and highlighted that love and revolution were not incompatible.", "title": "Shi Pingmei" }, { "docid": "10480332#14", "text": "Since the two sides established their \"all-weather diplomatic relations\", there have been frequent exchanges between the two countries' leadership and peoples. For example, former Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai received warm welcomes in all of his four visits to Pakistan. When Zhou died in 1976, then-Pakistani Ambassador to China rushed to the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at 8 in the morning without appointment. Upon arriving at the ministry, the ambassador cried due to his grief in front of Chinese diplomats. In 2004, a road in Pakistani capital Islamabad leading to the Diplomatic Enclave was named \"Zhou Enlai Road\". It is the first road in Pakistan that is named after foreign leaders. On 27 May 1976, then Chinese leader Mao Zedong, aged 83, received his last foreign guest Pakistani president Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto despite his illness.", "title": "China–Pakistan relations" }, { "docid": "50444#8", "text": "Zhou's birth mother Wan died in 1907 when Zhou was 9, and his adoptive mother Chen in 1908 when Zhou was 10. Zhou's father was working in Hubei, far from Jiangsu, so Zhou and his two younger brothers returned to Huai'an and lived with his father's remaining younger brother Yikui for the next two years. In 1910, Zhou's uncle Yigeng, his father's older brother, offered to care for Zhou. The family in Huai'an agreed, and Zhou was sent to stay with his uncle in Manchuria at Shenyang, where Zhou Yigeng worked in a government office.", "title": "Zhou Enlai" }, { "docid": "45311#68", "text": "On January 8, 1976, Zhou Enlai died of bladder cancer. On January 15 Deng Xiaoping delivered Zhou's official eulogy in a funeral attended by all of China's most senior leaders with the notable absence of Mao himself, who had grown increasingly critical of Zhou. Curiously, after Zhou's death, Mao selected neither a member of the Gang of Four nor Deng Xiaoping to become Premier, instead choosing the relatively unknown Hua Guofeng.", "title": "Cultural Revolution" }, { "docid": "3449249#2", "text": "The children became the wards of Premier Zhou Enlai. Sirin was 8 years old; her brother 12. The book relates how she was caught up in the Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s. Accused of the crime of having been reared in a bourgeois Thai family and by the capitalist sympathizer Zhou, she was forced to denounce her family in public. Then, in an unforeseen turn of events, Sirin becomes a Communist Party heroine by saving two children in a fire -but she was required to announce that her deed was inspired by the teachings of Chairman Mao Zedong. Sirin's memoir provides a valuable eyewitness account of the Cultural Revolution.", "title": "The Dragon's Pearl" }, { "docid": "8205#51", "text": "Zhou Enlai died in January 1976, to an outpouring of national grief. Zhou was a very important figure in Deng's political life, and his death eroded his remaining support within the Party's Central Committee. After Deng delivered Zhou's official eulogy at the state funeral, the Gang of Four, with Mao's permission, began the so-called \"Criticize Deng and Oppose the Rehabilitation of Right-leaning Elements\" campaign. Hua Guofeng, not Deng, was selected to become Zhou's successor.", "title": "Deng Xiaoping" }, { "docid": "49656013#0", "text": "Ge Cunzhuang ) was a Chinese actor. He won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1998, for \"Zhou Enlai, A Great Friend\". On 4 March 2016, he died at the age of 87.", "title": "Ge Cunzhuang" }, { "docid": "50444#170", "text": "By the end of his lifetime, Zhou was widely viewed as representing moderation and justice in Chinese popular culture. Since his death, Zhou Enlai has been regarded as a skilled negotiator, a master of policy implementation, a devoted revolutionary, and a pragmatic statesman with an unusual attentiveness to detail and nuance. He was also known for his tireless and dedicated work ethic, and his unusual charm and poise in public. He was reputedly the last Mandarin bureaucrat in the Confucian tradition. Zhou's political behaviour should be viewed in light of his political philosophy as well as his personality. To a large extent, Zhou epitomized the paradox inherent in a Communist politician with traditional Chinese upbringing: at once conservative and radical, pragmatic and ideological, possessed by a belief in order and harmony as well as a faith, which he developed very gradually over time, in the progressive power of rebellion and revolution.", "title": "Zhou Enlai" }, { "docid": "50444#153", "text": "Although Zhou escaped being directly persecuted, he was not able to save many of those closest to him from having their lives destroyed by the Cultural Revolution. Sun Weishi, Zhou's adopted daughter, died in 1968 after seven months of torture, imprisonment and rape by Maoist Red Guards. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Sun's plays were re-staged as a way of criticizing the Gang of Four, whom many thought were responsible for her death.", "title": "Zhou Enlai" } ]

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[ { "docid": "3966377#1", "text": "Cho was born in a farming village in Buan, North Jeolla Province. In 1934, Japanese professional Kitani Minoru visited Korea and played with ten-year-old Cho, who deeply impressed the great master. He went to Japan in 1937 to study go as Kitani's first \"insei\", or live-in student. In 1943, he returned to Korea and played a key role in the founding of the Hanguk Kiwon. It wasn't until 1983, that he would be awarded 9 dan, but for most of the 1950s and 1960s, he won the vast majority of national tournaments.", "title": "Cho Nam-chul" } ]

[ { "docid": "3534769#0", "text": "Cho Chikun \"25th Honinbo\" \"Honorary Meijin\" (; born June 20, 1956 in Busan, South Korea) is a professional Go player and a nephew of Cho Namchul. His total title tally of 73 titles is the most in the history of the Japanese Nihon Ki-in. Cho is the first player to hold the top three titles—Kisei, Meijin, and Honinbo—simultaneously which he did for 3 years in a row. Cho is the first in history to win all of the \"Top 7\" titles in Japan (Kisei, Meijin, Honinbo, Judan, Tengen, Oza, and Gosei) which he achieved by winning the Oza in 1994. Cho U in 2011 and Iyama Yuta in 2013 would duplicate this feat, both by winning the Kisei. He is also one of the 'Six Supers' Japanese players that were most celebrated in the late twentieth century, along with Rin Kaiho, Otake Hideo, Takemiya Masaki, Kato Masao and his classmate and arch-rival Kobayashi Koichi.Cho was born into a very rich family of six children. His grandfather was a bank director. During the Korean War, the money the family had owned was burnt and they became impoverished. His father then sought the advice of a fortune teller. Originally called Pung-yeon, Cho's name was changed to Chihun, as the fortune teller told him to change his son's name to Chihun or else his mother would die, also saying that following the change, Chihun's younger brother would die but Chihun would become famous. Both predictions proved accurate.", "title": "Cho Chikun" }, { "docid": "3534769#1", "text": "His grandfather taught him Go when he was young. Seeing great talent in Cho, his father sent him to Japan in 1962. His rise to becoming one of the greatest Go players began when he joined Minoru Kitani's Go school. He was accompanied by his uncle Cho Namchul and his brother Cho Shoen on his way to the Haneda airport in Japan in August 1962. He was only six years old at the time. At the airport he met Minoru Kitani and his wife, another pupil Kobayashi Chizu, and the master's daughter, Reiko Kitani (who as an adult married Cho's future rival Koichi Kobayashi). The day after arriving in Japan Cho beat Rin Kaiho in a five stone handicap game at a party held at the Kitani School to celebrate the total dan ranks of Kitani students reaching a sum of 100. A large crowd watched intensely, as if it were a professional game.", "title": "Cho Chikun" }, { "docid": "3966377#0", "text": "Cho Namchul (November 30, 1923 - July 2, 2006, alternately Cho Namcheol) was a professional Go player (Baduk in Korean). He died of natural causes in Seoul at the age of 83.", "title": "Cho Nam-chul" }, { "docid": "57200576#1", "text": "Cho was born in Seoul on 25 January 1976. He is the son of Hanjin Group president Cho Yang-ho, and the grandson of group founder . He has two sisters, Cho Hyun-min and Cho Hyun-ah (also known as Heather Cho). He attended Marian High School in Massachusetts. He went on to a two-year college in the United States, where he earned a grade-point average of 1.67 and received 33 course credits. He then returned to South Korea in 1998 to continue his studies at Inha University, which amended its entrance requirements so that he could transfer in as a third-year student. For his mandatory military service, he completed alternative service under the program.", "title": "Cho Won-tae" }, { "docid": "40909572#1", "text": "Cho Sung-ki was born March 30, 1951, in Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. He attended Busan Middle School and Gyeonggi High School where he put himself through a strenuous self-training period reading nearly a thousand pieces of fiction, literary criticism and poetry while teaching himself grammar by hand-copying an entire grammar book. Cho also struggled with his sexual urges and found some refuge in religion. Cho entered Seoul National University and graduated with a degree in Law. He also received a graduate degree from Presbyterian Divinity School. He made his literary debut in 1971, winning the New Spring Literary Contest sponsored by The Dong-a Ilbo with a short story called “Kaleidoscope” (Manhwagyeong), but remained virtually silent for the next fourteen years.", "title": "Cho Sung-ki" }, { "docid": "33167856#1", "text": "Cho Hae-il was born April 18, 1941 in Manchukuo and was originally given the name Haeryong, which means \"Sea Dragon\". After the liberation of Korea his family returned to Seoul, and five years later the Korean War began. During the war his family joined the stream of refugees who retreated to Busan, only returning so Seoul in 1954 after the cessation of hostilities. Cho entered Posung High School where, by his own admission, he had \"the lowest scholastic achievements\". At this school he entered the creative writing club. In 1960 he lived through the student revolution of April 19, about which he said made him very proud for the achievements of others and very shamed for his own failure to participate.", "title": "Cho Hae-il" }, { "docid": "14046416#2", "text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.", "title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase" } ]

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[ { "docid": "1714063#5", "text": "The typical role of a bishop is to provide pastoral governance for a diocese. Bishops who fulfill this function are known as diocesan ordinaries, because they have what canon law calls ordinary (i.e. not delegated) authority for a diocese. These bishops may be known as hierarchs in the Eastern Catholic Churches. Other bishops may be appointed to assist ordinaries (auxiliary bishops and coadjutor bishops) or to carry out a function in a broader field of service to the Church, such as appointments as papal nuncios or as officials in the Roman Curia.", "title": "Hierarchy of the Catholic Church" }, { "docid": "1620723#18", "text": "A Bishop is a High Priest ordained for special ministry. All bishops belong to the Order of Bishops which guides the church in teaching the principles of Disciples' Generous Response along with the larger understanding of stewardship. They are led by the Presiding Bishopric in providing support, training, and advocacy in empowering Aaronic ministers to respond to their call of ministry. The Presiding Bishopric also hold Presidency over the Aaronic Order. They also serve as judges in church court proceedings. Historically, the Order of Bishops included other bishoprics, particularly at stake levels. Some bishops continue to have financial responsibility for a particular area. For example, mission centers will have a bishop. Nationally, Canada is one of the few countries to have a bishop for the entire nation. There are other bishops in Canada, but they serve in a supporting role to the Bishop \"of\" Canada (and may preside over mission centers within Canada).", "title": "Priesthood (Community of Christ)" }, { "docid": "8799424#0", "text": "In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of holy orders and is responsible for teaching doctrine, governing Catholics in his jurisdiction, sanctifying the world and representing the Church. Catholics trace the origins of the office of bishop to the apostles, who it is believed were endowed with a special charism by the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. Catholics believe this special charism has been transmitted through an unbroken succession of bishops by the laying on of hands in the sacrament of holy orders.", "title": "Bishop in the Catholic Church" } ]

[ { "docid": "12841324#20", "text": "Bishops still had a freedom of interpretation. The competing versions of Christianity led many bishops who subscribed to what is now the mainstream version of Christianity to rally more closely together. Bishops would call synods to discuss problems or doctrinal differences in certain regions; the first of these to be documented occurred in Roman Asia in about 160. Some bishops began to take on a more authoritative role for a region; in many cases, the bishop of the church located in the capital city of a province became the central authority for all churches in that province. These more centralized authorities were known as \"metropolitan churches\" headed by a Metropolitan bishop. The churches in Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome exerted authority over groups of these metropolitan churches.", "title": "History of early Christianity" }, { "docid": "27182415#84", "text": "Bishops still had a freedom of interpretation. The competing versions of Christianity led many bishops who subscribed to what is now the mainstream version of Christianity to rally more closely together. Bishops would call synods to discuss problems or doctrinal differences in certain regions; the first of these to be documented occurred in Roman Asia in about 160. Some bishops began to take on a more authoritative role for a region; in many cases, the bishop of the church located in the capital city of a province became the central authority for all churches in that province. These more centralized authorities were known as \"metropolitan churches\" headed by a Metropolitan bishop. The churches in Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome exerted authority over groups of these metropolitan churches.", "title": "Historiography of early Christianity" }, { "docid": "4092#13", "text": "The most usual term for the geographic area of a bishop's authority and ministry, the diocese, began as part of the structure of the Roman Empire under Diocletian. As Roman authority began to fail in the western portion of the empire, the church took over much of the civil administration. This can be clearly seen in the ministry of two popes: Pope Leo I in the 5th century, and Pope Gregory I in the 6th century. Both of these men were statesmen and public administrators in addition to their role as Christian pastors, teachers and leaders. In the Eastern churches, latifundia entailed to a bishop's see were much less common, the state power did not collapse the way it did in the West, and thus the tendency of bishops acquiring secular power was much weaker than in the West. However, the role of Western bishops as civil authorities, often called prince bishops, continued throughout much of the Middle Ages.", "title": "Bishop" }, { "docid": "8799424#29", "text": "The pope is the man who possesses the sacrament of Holy Orders as a bishop and who has been chosen to be Bishop of Rome. The Catholic Church holds that the College of Bishops as a group is the successor of the College of Apostles. The Church also holds that uniquely among the apostles Saint Peter was granted a role of leadership and authority, giving the Pope the right to govern the Church together with the bishops, and making his leadership necessary for the completion of the College. Hence, Catholicism holds that the Bishop of Rome, as successor of Peter, possesses this role: the Pope, uniquely among bishops, may speak for the whole Church, and a council of bishops is incomplete without the approval of the pope. Papal pronouncements which meet the requirements of the decree on papal infallibility of the First Vatican Council, and no others, even in matters of faith and morals, are deemed to be infallible. Papal infallibility has been invoked only twice since the doctrine was instituted and both are about Mary: her Immaculate Conception (declared by Pope Pius IX in 1854 and grandfathered in after the First Vatican Council’s declaration of papal infallibility in 1870) and her bodily Assumption into heaven (declared by Pope Pius XII in 1950).", "title": "Bishop in the Catholic Church" }, { "docid": "1468007#6", "text": "The role and importance of the office has grown over time. Originally, the Presiding Bishop was simply the senior diocesan bishop who presided over the House of Bishops. In 1919, the office was transformed into an elected one, and in the 1940s the decision was made that the Presiding Bishop should resign any other jurisdictions for which he or she might have pastoral responsibility. In this respect, the office is different from that of many archbishops found in other churches in the Anglican Communion which have diocesan responsibilities in addition to overseeing a national church. In the 1970s, the Presiding Bishop was given authority to enter dioceses for sacramental and preaching ministry, consulting with bishops, and related purposes. The Presiding Bishop was given the title of primate in 1982.", "title": "Presiding bishop" }, { "docid": "2996466#34", "text": "In a letter to a Protestant Episcopal cleric Bishop George Cummins wrote that the role of a bishop was an \"office\" of service not a \"monarchialist order\" contending that \"the Episcopate is not of apostolic origin; that the Bishop is only \"primus inter pares,\" and not in any way superior in \"order\" to the Presbyter. We are \"acting\" on this principle. We set apart a Bishop to his work by a joint laying on of hands of a Bishop and the presbyters. I act as a Bishop, not claiming \"a jure divino\" right, or to be in any Apostolic Succession, but only as one chosen of his brethren to have the oversight. If \"others\" look upon me as retaining the succession, that does not commit us to their understanding.\"", "title": "Reformed Episcopal Church" }, { "docid": "9635261#10", "text": "The senior ordained member of the denomination is called the Bishop of the Church. The office is filled by election, and the Bishop of the Church serves for ten years. He is based at the Church headquarters in Warsaw. The Church's official website describes the role of the Bishop of the Church as: \"His service is to minister the Word of God and the Sacraments. He also guards the whole Church (episcope), so that God’s Word is proclaimed faithfully and clearly. The Bishop of the Church is the “Pastor of the pastors” (Pastor pastorum).\" The office is currently held by Bishop Jerzy Samiec.", "title": "Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland" }, { "docid": "5928500#16", "text": "In larger or more populous dioceses, diocesan bishops may be assisted by one or more junior bishops. Where the role of an assistant bishop is a legal part of the structure of the diocese, he or she is known as a suffragan bishop. Suffragans usually have a title named after a place within the diocese. For example, the Bishop of Jarrow is a suffragan to the Bishop of Durham. Some dioceses divide into \"episcopal areas\", with each assigned to a suffragan \"area bishop\". For example, the Bishop of Toronto has suffragans assisting him by providing certain delegated duties in four different geographical divisions. Sometimes a diocese may appoint a bishop as coadjutor bishop, an assistant bishop who will become diocesan bishop on the retirement of the current diocesan. This arrangement allows for greater continuity of episcopal ministry but is not very common in the Anglican Communion. Where a diocesan has not been elected or appointed, a bishop or senior priest may act as vicar general through the vacancy. Retired bishops or bishops who are pursuing ministry outside the usual episcopal ministry are usually licensed as \"honorary assistant bishops\" within a diocese (Stephen Sykes, the former Bishop of Ely who was Principal of St John's College, Durham, was also an honorary assistant bishop in Durham).", "title": "Anglican ministry" } ]

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[ { "docid": "312639#0", "text": "The Riddler (Edward Nigma or Nygma) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, created by Bill Finger and Dick Sprang. He first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #140 (October 1948). The character is commonly depicted as a criminal mastermind in Gotham City who takes delight in incorporating riddles and puzzles into his schemes, leaving them as clues for the authorities to solve. The Riddler is one of the most enduring enemies of superhero Batman and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery.", "title": "Riddler" } ]

[ { "docid": "31561791#316", "text": "The character was adapted for a two-episode story for the second season of the television series \"Batman\" and portrayed by Maurice Evans. The episodes had originally been written for the Riddler, portrayed by Frank Gorshin. Since Gorshin was in a contract dispute with the series' producers at the time and no longer wanted to play the Riddler as a result of this, the script was rewritten and the Riddler was changed to the Puzzler.", "title": "List of minor DC Comics characters" }, { "docid": "2320334#6", "text": "As its name suggests, The Riddler's Revenge is themed for the DC Comics character Riddler. The track was previously painted green with black supports, but as of 2017, the track is now green with yellow supports. As the Riddler was an archenemy of Batman, The Riddler's Revenge is located appropriately adjacent to \"Batman: The Ride\", in the back of the park. The Riddler's signature question mark is featured on the coaster's logo. The techno music that played on the loading platform is Ecuador (Bruce Wayne Mix) by Sash! (Bruce Wayne being the secret identity of Riddler's nemesis, Batman).", "title": "The Riddler's Revenge" }, { "docid": "312639#1", "text": "In 2009, the Riddler was ranked as IGN's 59th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including feature films, television series, and video games. The Riddler has been voiced by John Glover in the DC animated universe, Robert Englund in \"The Batman\", and Wally Wingert in the series. He has been portrayed in live-action by Frank Gorshin and John Astin in the 1960s \"Batman\" television series, Jim Carrey in the 1995 film \"Batman Forever\", and Cory Michael Smith in the FOX television show \"Gotham\".", "title": "Riddler" }, { "docid": "14701004#1", "text": "A comic book fan from an early age, McCarthy's first widely published work was the three-part Batman backup story \"Low\" for DC Comics in 2004, beginning in \"Detective Comics #797\". McCarthy later was responsible for a reinvention of the Riddler character in the five-part \"Riddle Me That\" beginning in \"\" #185 (2005) and followed it up with \"Victims\" in Detective Comics #816 (2006), pitting Batman against Zsasz.", "title": "Shane McCarthy" }, { "docid": "2205196#16", "text": "In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Secret Six was relaunched in December 2014 with Gail Simone returning as the writer. The series features a completely new line-up, save Catman and Black Alice, including Strix, Ventriloquist (Shauna Belzer), Ralph Dibny under the alias of Big Shot and a new character named Porcelain. In the third issue of the series the Riddler was revealed to be the Mockingbird, while Big Shot was revealed to be Riddler's mole on the team. In the next issue, Scandal Savage, Ragdoll and Jeannette appear acting as operatives of Mockingbird, tracking down the team but later the three characters become allies to the Secret Six and turn on the Riddler.", "title": "Secret Six (comics)" }, { "docid": "27388543#5", "text": "The fifth DC Comics character to bear the name Echo was Nina Damfino, a part of Query and Echo, a henchman team for the villain the Riddler. Her first appearance was in \"Detective Comics Annual\" #8 (1995).", "title": "Echo (DC Comics)" }, { "docid": "141884#13", "text": "Artist Bob Kane negotiated a contract with National Comics, the future DC Comics, that signed away ownership of the character in exchange for, among other compensations, a sole mandatory byline on all Batman comics (and adaptations thereof). Finger's name, in contrast, until 2015 did not appear as an official credit on Batman stories or films. Finger began receiving limited acknowledgment for his writing work in the 1960s; the letters page of \"Batman\" #169 (Feb. 1965), for example, features editor Julius Schwartz naming Finger as creator of the Riddler.", "title": "Bill Finger" }, { "docid": "77709#30", "text": "During 1964, Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the Batman titles and Fox returned to writing Batman stories. Obeying the Silver Age trends, he reintroduced characters including the Riddler and the Scarecrow. Fox's \"Remarkable Ruse of the Riddler\" with art by Sheldon Moldoff in \"Batman\" #171 (May 1965). Eighteen issues later, Fox and Moldoff similarly resuscitated and relocated Professor Jonathan Crane, launching the Earth-1 Scarecrow in \"Fright of the Scarecrow\", \"Batman\" #189 (Feb 1967). He and artist Carmine Infantino created the Blockbuster in \"Detective Comics\" #345 (Nov. 1965) and the Cluemaster in issue #351 (May 1966). Fox and Infantino introduced Barbara Gordon as a new version of Batgirl in a story titled \"The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!\" in \"Detective Comics\" #359 (January 1967). Fox's final Batman story, \"Whatever Will Happen to Heiress Heloise?\", was published in \"Detective Comics\" #384 (Feb. 1969).", "title": "Gardner Fox" }, { "docid": "53766786#0", "text": "\"How the Riddler Got His Name\" is the fifteenth episode and spring premiere of the third season, and 59th episode overall from the Fox series \"Gotham\". The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology. It's also the first episode with the subtitle \"Heroes Rise\". The episode was written by Megan Mostyn-Brown and directed by TJ Scott. It was first broadcast on April 24, 2017.", "title": "How the Riddler Got His Name" } ]

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[ { "docid": "648405#0", "text": "The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous series. The Cretaceous is named after the white limestone known as chalk which occurs widely in northern France and is seen in the white cliffs of south-eastern England, and which dates from this time.", "title": "Late Cretaceous" }, { "docid": "23743#22", "text": "The Early Cretaceous Epoch spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to replace them as apex species of the seas. Some island-hopping dinosaurs, like \"Eustreptospondylus\", evolved to cope with the coastal shallows and small islands of ancient Europe. Other dinosaurs, such as \"Carcharodontosaurus\" and \"Spinosaurus\", rose to fill the empty space that the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction had created. Of the most successful would be the \"Iguanodon\" which spread to every continent. Seasons came back into effect and the poles grew seasonally colder. Dinosaurs such as the \"Leaellynasaura\" inhabited the polar forests year-round, while many dinosaurs, such as the \"Muttaburrasaurus\", migrated there during summer . Since it was too cold for crocodiles, it was the last stronghold for large amphibians, such as the \"Koolasuchus\". In this epoch Pterosaurs reached their maximum diversity and grew larger, as species like \"Tapejara\" and \"Ornithocheirus\" took to the skies. The first true birds evolved, possibly sparking competition between them and the pterosaurs.", "title": "Phanerozoic" }, { "docid": "23743#21", "text": "The Cretaceous is the longest period in the Mesozoic, spans from 145 million to 66 million years ago, and is divided into two epochs: Early Cretaceous, and Late Cretaceous.", "title": "Phanerozoic" }, { "docid": "23743#23", "text": "The Late Cretaceous Epoch spans from 100 million to 66 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue into the Cenozoic Era. Eventually, tropical ecology was restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes of weather. Dinosaurs still thrived as new species such as \"Tyrannosaurus\", \"Ankylosaurus\", \"Triceratops\" and Hadrosaurs dominated the food web. Whether or not Pterosaurs went into a decline as birds radiated is debated, however many families survived until the end of the Cretaceous, alongside new species such as the gigantic \"Quetzalcoatlus\". Marsupials evolved within the large conifer forests as scavengers. In the oceans, Mosasaurs ruled the seas to fill the role of the ichthyosaurs, and huge plesiosaurs, such as \"Elasmosaurus\", evolved. Also, the first flowering plants evolved. At the end of the Cretaceous, the Deccan Traps and other volcanic eruptions were poisoning the atmosphere. As this was continued, it is thought that a large meteor smashed into Earth, creating the Chicxulub Crater creating the event known as the K-T Extinction, the fifth and most recent mass extinction event, during which 75% of life on Earth became extinct, including all non-avian dinosaurs. Every living thing with a body mass over 10 kilograms became extinct, and the age of the dinosaurs came to an end.", "title": "Phanerozoic" }, { "docid": "5615#4", "text": "The Cretaceous is divided into Early and Late Cretaceous epochs, or Lower and Upper Cretaceous series. In older literature the Cretaceous is sometimes divided into three series: Neocomian (lower/early), Gallic (middle) and Senonian (upper/late). A subdivision in eleven stages, all originating from European stratigraphy, is now used worldwide. In many parts of the world, alternative local subdivisions are still in use.", "title": "Cretaceous" } ]

[ { "docid": "3969819#36", "text": "At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's present land area was submerged. The Berriasian epoch showed a cooling trend that had been seen in the last epoch of the Jurassic. There is evidence that snowfalls were common in the higher latitudes and the tropics became wetter than during the Triassic and Jurassic. Glaciation was however restricted to alpine glaciers on some high-latitude mountains, though seasonal snow may have existed farther south. Rafting by ice of stones into marine environments occurred during much of the Cretaceous but evidence of deposition directly from glaciers is limited to the Early Cretaceous of the Eromanga Basin in southern Australia.", "title": "Evolution of insects" }, { "docid": "4144117#1", "text": "220,000,000 BC, Late Triassic (Arizona) − This episode follows the evolution of the first dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures in the late Triassic period.152,000,000 BC, Late Jurassic (Colorado) − This episode follows the story of a young female \"Diplodocus\" and her brothers and sisters in the late Jurassic period.149,000,000 BC, Late Jurassic (Oxfordshire) − This episode follows the life of several baby \"Ophthalmosaurus\" and a bull \"Liopleurodon\" in the late Jurassic period.127,000,000 BC, Early Cretaceous (Brazil) − This episode follows a male \"Ornithocheirus\" on his long journey to the mating grounds in the early Cretaceous period.106,000,000 BC, Early Cretaceous (Antarctica) − This episode follows the hardships of an Antarctican \"Leaellynasaura\" clan in the early Cretaceous period.65,500,000 BC, Late Cretaceous (Montana) − This episode follows the final years of the dinosaurs and a mother \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" and her babies in the late Cretaceous period.49,000,000 BC, Early Eocene (Germany) − This episode follows the life of a mother \"Leptictidium\" and her babies in the dense forests of Germany in the early Eocene epoch.36,000,000 BC, Late Eocene (Pakistan) − This episode follows the sea journey of a pregnant female \"Basilosaurus\" search for food in the late Eocene epoch.25,000,000 BC, Late Oligocene (Mongolia) − This episode follows the life of a young \"Paraceratherium\" and his mother from his birth in the late Oligocene epoch.3,200,000 BC, Late Pliocene (Ethiopia) − This episode follows the hardships of an \"Australopithecus\" group and a young called Blue in the late Pliocene epoch.1,000,000 BC, Early Pleistocene (Paraguay) − This episode follows a male \"Smilodon\" called Half-Tooth after he lost his territory in the early Pleistocene epoch.30,000 BC, Late Pleistocene (North Sea, Belgium, and Swiss Alps) − This episode follows a herd of woolly mammoth journey to the Alps in the last Ice Age of the late Pleistocene epoch.This episode details a list of animals from the first season that the developers thought were the most impressive creatures on Earth.", "title": "Prehistoric Planet" }, { "docid": "5615#29", "text": "The cooling trend of the last epoch of the Jurassic continued into the first age of the Cretaceous. There is evidence that snowfalls were common in the higher latitudes and the tropics became wetter than during the Triassic and Jurassic. Glaciation was however restricted to high-latitude mountains, though seasonal snow may have existed farther from the poles. Rafting by ice of stones into marine environments occurred during much of the Cretaceous but evidence of deposition directly from glaciers is limited to the Early Cretaceous of the Eromanga Basin in southern Australia.", "title": "Cretaceous" }, { "docid": "37864028#8", "text": "The Paleocene (the first epoch of the Paleogene) immediately followed the asteroid impact that destroyed the dinosaurs and the Cretaceous world. It marks the transition between the dinosaurs of the Mesozoic and the emergence of the larger mammals of the Eocene (Cenozoic). The early part of the period experienced cooler temperatures and a more arid climate than existed before the asteroid. This is most likely due to atmospheric dust reflecting sunlight for an extended time. But in the latter part of the epoch, the temperatures warmed significantly, resulting in the absence of glaciated poles and the presence of verdant, tropical forests. The warmer climate increased ocean temperatures leading to a proliferation of species such as coral and other invertebrates.", "title": "Climate across Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary" }, { "docid": "24844634#0", "text": "The Cretaceous Thermal Maximum (CTM), also known as Cretaceous Thermal Optimum, was a period of climatic warming that reached its peak approximately 90 million years ago (90 Ma) during the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous epoch. The CTM is notable for its dramatic increase in global temperatures characterized by high carbon dioxide levels.\nDuring the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum (CTM), atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rose to over 1000 parts per million compared to the pre-industrial average of 280 ppm. Rising carbon dioxide resulted in a significant increase in the greenhouse effect, leading to elevated global temperatures. In the seas, crystalline or \"glassy\" foraminifera predominated, a key indicator of higher temperatures. The CTM began during the Cenomanian/Turonian transition and was associated with a major disruption in global climate as well as global anoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2). The CTM was the most extreme disruption of the carbon cycle in the past 100 million years.", "title": "Cretaceous Thermal Maximum" } ]

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[ { "docid": "7942#14", "text": "Jack Thompson, the Florida lawyer noted for his activism against video games, rap music, and Howard Stern was permanently disbarred for various charges of misconduct. The action was the result of several grievances claiming that Thompson had made defamatory, false statements and attempted to humiliate, embarrass, harass or intimidate his opponents. The order was made on September 25, 2008, effective October 25. However, Thompson attempted to appeal to the higher courts in order to avoid the penalty actually taking effect. Neither the US District court, nor the US Supreme Court would hear his appeal, rendering the judgment of the Florida Supreme Court final.", "title": "Disbarment" }, { "docid": "5043505#72", "text": "On July 8, 2008, Judge Tunis recommended permanent disbarment and a $43,675.35 fine for Thompson to the Florida Supreme Court, citing \"cumulative misconduct, a repeated pattern of behavior relentlessly forced upon numerous unconnected individuals, a total lack of remorse or even slight acknowledgment of inappropriate conduct, and continued behavior consistent with the previous public reprimand... Over a very extended period of time involving a number of totally unrelated cases and individuals, the Respondent has demonstrated a pattern of conduct to strike out harshly, extensively, repeatedly and willfully to simply try to bring as much difficulty, distraction and anguish to those he considers in opposition to his causes... He does not proceed within the guidelines of appropriate professional behavior, but rather uses other means available to intimidate, harass, or bring public disrepute to those whom he perceives oppose him.\" The court approved the recommendation and fine on September 25, 2008, and ordered that Thompson be permanently disbarred effective 30 days from the date of the order so Thompson could close out his practice. He later filed for an emergency stay of the Florida Supreme Court's order with the U.S. District Court, which was ultimately denied. In an e-mail to media outlets, Thompson responded to the court's decision by stating, \"The timing of this disbarment transparently reveals its motivation: This past Friday Thompson filed a federal civil rights action against The Bar, the Supreme Court, and all seven of its Justices. This rush to disbarment is in retribution for the filing of that federal suit. With enemies this foolish, Thompson needs only the loyal friends he has.\" He closed the email—in which he included the court ruling—with, \"...this should be fun, starting now\".", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" }, { "docid": "5043505#1", "text": "He is also known for his unusual filings to The Florida Bar, including challenging the constitutionality of The Florida Bar itself in 1993. Later the Florida Supreme Court described his filings as \"repetitive, frivolous and insulting to the integrity of the court\". On March 20, 2008, the Florida Supreme Court imposed sanctions on Thompson, requiring that any of his future filings in the court be signed by a member of The Florida Bar other than himself. In July 2008, Thompson was permanently disbarred by the Supreme Court of Florida for inappropriate conduct, including making false statements to tribunals and disparaging and humiliating litigants.", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" } ]

[ { "docid": "5043505#0", "text": "John Bruce Thompson (born July 25, 1951) is an American activist and disbarred attorney, based in Coral Gables, Florida. Thompson is known for his role as an anti-video-game activist, particularly against violence and sex in video games. During his time as an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture. This included rap music, broadcasts by shock jock Howard Stern, the content of computer and video games and their alleged effects on children.", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" }, { "docid": "5043505#71", "text": "On June 4, 2008, prosecutor Sheila Tuma recommended 'enhanced disbarment' for Thompson, saying that Thompson demonstrated continued misconduct, a pattern of misconduct and persistently failed to admit any wrongdoing. Enhanced disbarment lengthens the period before an attorney may reapply for admission to the bar from five years to ten. After being prevented from making a speech to begin the disciplinary hearing, Thompson distributed his written objections to lawyers, a court reporter, and a newspaper reporter, departed the courtroom, and called the proceedings against him a \"star chamber\" and \"kangaroo court\".", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" }, { "docid": "5043505#77", "text": "In January 2005, Beasley hired attorney Lawrence A. Kellogg of law firm Tew Cardenas, LLP, to manage Thompson's threats. Because Kellogg delayed arranging a meeting with him, Thompson on March 17 began a campaign targeting the firm's name partner Al Cardenas, a former chair of the Republican Party of Florida, accusing him of personally being involved in \"a statewide racketeering activity\" in a letter sent to the media, Florida Attorney General Charlie Crist, and Florida Governor Jeb Bush. Kellogg then filed a complaint to The Florida Bar that figured largely in Thompson's disbarment.", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" }, { "docid": "5043505#74", "text": "In 1992, a complaint from Thompson led Florida Secretary of State Jim Smith to withhold a $25,000 grant to the Miami Film Festival; Thompson claimed that the festival was using state money to show pornographic films. In response, Thompson was named an \"Art Censor of the Year\" by the ACLU. The next month, Thompson faced disbarment over allegations that he lied while making accusations against prominent Dade County lawyer Stuart Z Grossman. Thompson ultimately admitted violating bar rules of professional conduct, including charges that he contacted people represented by an attorney without first contacting their attorneys, and agreed to pay $3,000 in fines and receive a public reprimand.", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" }, { "docid": "49412438#10", "text": "In 1930, the Oregon Supreme Court appointed Thompson to prosecute George W. Joseph in a disbarment case. This was an extremely high-profile case because Joseph became a candidate for governor just prior to the case going to trail. The trial began on April 15. Joseph won the Republican primary against four other candidates on May 16. On May 27, the Supreme Court announced Joseph's disbarment. Joseph decided to continue his campaign, but died of a heart attack a few weeks later. Thompson's highest profile case was probably the Bowles-Loucks murder case. In 1931, a young millionaire from Portland named Nelson C. Bowles and his secretary Irma Loucks were accused of murdering Bowles' wife, Leone. Thompson led the defense team. The theory he offered the jury was that Leone had committed suicide. The trial became even more sensational when a key prosecution witness was stabbed and beaten at her home during the course of the trial. The witness recovered, but her testimony was not as useful as the prosecution had hoped. In fact, Thompson used her testimony to back up several important defense points. At the close of the trial, the jury took just an hour to acquit both Bowles and Louck.", "title": "W. Lair Thompson" }, { "docid": "595511#11", "text": "Thompson was named in the press as a leading candidate for Attorney General after John Ashcroft resigned on November 9, 2004. Thompson, if selected, would have been the first African-American ever to head the Justice Department. Instead, Alberto Gonzales was selected as Ashcroft's replacement. Later, Thompson's name was mentioned as a possible candidate to replace Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. With the resignation of Gonzales in August 2007, Thompson's name again surfaced a candidate for Attorney General. He supported former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani in the 2008 presidential election, and the American Bar Association mentioned Thompson again as a possible Attorney General or Supreme Court justice during a potential John McCain administration.", "title": "Larry Thompson" }, { "docid": "47653067#1", "text": "John C. Thompson was born in Westerly, Rhode Island, probably in 1790. He studied law with an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut, and attained admission to the bar. He moved to Windsor, Vermont in 1813, where he established himself as an attorney and also became active in politics as a Democratic-Republican, including serving as editor of the \"Vermont Republican\" newspaper. He practiced law in Windsor until 1818, when he moved to Hartland. Thompson moved to Burlington in 1822.", "title": "John C. Thompson" }, { "docid": "5043505#76", "text": "Prior to Thompson's disbarment, attorney Norm Kent filed a personal lawsuit against him, which eventually resulted in Thompson paying Kent $50,000 for defamation. Thompson reacted to the suit by threatening employees at one of Kent's clients, Beasley Broadcast Group, with lawsuits and depositions unless they got Kent to drop his case.", "title": "Jack Thompson (activist)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "3975604#0", "text": "Dallas, the third largest city in the U.S. state of Texas, is the site of 36 completed high-rises over , 19 of which stand taller than . The tallest building in the city is the Bank of America Plaza, which rises in Downtown Dallas and was completed in 1985. It also stands as the 3rd-tallest building in Texas and the 28th-tallest building in the United States. The second-tallest skyscraper in the city is the Renaissance Tower, which rises and was completed in 1974. The Comerica Bank Tower, completed in 1987 and rising , is the third-tallest building in Dallas. Three of the ten tallest buildings in Texas are located in Dallas.", "title": "List of tallest buildings in Dallas" }, { "docid": "429754#1", "text": "At the time of completion in 1974, it was the tallest building in Dallas at and was originally known as the First International Bancshares Tower (First International Bancshares, Inc. was the new holding company parent of First National Bank in Dallas). In 1985, it was surpassed by Fountain Place and Bank of America Plaza, which became Dallas's tallest building. It was also clear that Renaissance Tower would be overtaken by Comerica Bank Tower and Chase Tower then under construction. Therefore, in order to regain some status, the building underwent a major renovation in 1986 that included a re-glazed exterior and removal of the lighting on its sides. In 1986, James T. Chiles was brought in by the owner, the Prudential Insurance Company of America to design the broadcast center and towers on top the building, one of which was . This brought the structural height of the building up to , securing its place as the second-tallest building in Dallas. Excluding antennas and spires, the Renaissance Tower is the fifth-tallest.", "title": "Renaissance Tower (Dallas)" }, { "docid": "13812278#1", "text": "Museum Tower is the 15th-tallest structure in Dallas, tied with both the Reunion Tower and Cityplace Center in height. Among all-residential buildings in Dallas it is surpassed in height only by the Republic Center Tower I, with its spire. However, if measuring by roof height, and thereby excluding the Republic Center Tower I's spire, Museum Tower is taller. It also breaks the record for the highest residence in Dallas, surpassing the Republic I. The Museum Tower is the 4th-tallest building in Dallas' Arts District, behind Chase Tower, Fountain Place, and the Trammell Crow Center; with Bank Of America Plaza being the tallest building in Dallas.", "title": "Museum Tower (Dallas)" } ]

[ { "docid": "11310163#0", "text": "Thanksgiving Tower is a 50-story, skyscraper at 1601 Elm Street in adjacent to Thanks-Giving Square downtown Dallas Texas. At its completion in 1982, it was the second tallest building in Dallas, surpassing Elm Place. One year later, with the completion 1700 Pacific it became the third tallest, and it is currently the 8th-tallest building in the city. The building is connected to the Dallas Pedestrian Network and the Bullington Truck Terminal. Thanksgiving Tower is owned and managed by Woods Capital, and it was designed by the architecture firm HKS Architects.", "title": "Thanksgiving Tower" }, { "docid": "3975604#3", "text": "Since 1909, the year the first high-rise in the city was constructed, the title of the tallest building in Dallas has been held by eight high-rises.", "title": "List of tallest buildings in Dallas" }, { "docid": "6268958#4", "text": "At its completion, the Merc was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River and it was the tallest building in Dallas until 1954, when Republic Bank Tower I surpassed it. The building has 31 stories, and when the ornamental clock tower is included, is feet tall; making it the 19th-tallest building in Dallas. It also contains of floor space.", "title": "Mercantile National Bank Building" }, { "docid": "11473076#2", "text": "As the bank expanded, in 1964 it sought to reclaim the tallest-in-Dallas title. The bank hired architects Harrell & Hamilton to achieve this by designing a taller companion to adjacent Republic Center I. However, height limit was restricted by the FAA. Upon completion in 1964, Republic Center Tower II was only tallest-in-Dallas on some lists. The spire on the original 1954 Republic Center gave that structure a edge in terms of spire height. Less than a year later, the building was surpassed by Elm Place as the tallest building in Dallas.", "title": "Republic Center" }, { "docid": "454993#0", "text": "Chase Tower is a , 55-story postmodern skyscraper at 2200 Ross Avenue in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas. Although it is the fourth tallest skyscraper in the city, if one were to exclude antennas and spires, it would be the third. It is also the 12th tallest building in Texas. The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and was completed in 1987. The building also houses the Dallas Petroleum Club, a business and social club located on the 39th and 40th floors.", "title": "Chase Tower (Dallas)" }, { "docid": "429808#0", "text": "Comerica Bank Tower (formerly Momentum Place, Bank One Center and Chase Center) is a 60-story postmodern skyscraper located at 1717 Main Street in the Main Street District in downtown Dallas, Texas. Standing at a structural height of , it is the third tallest skyscraper in the city of Dallas. (If the antennas and spires of Renaissance Tower were excluded, Comerica Bank Tower would be the second tallest.) It is also the sixth tallest building in Texas and the 61st tallest building in the United States. The building was designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee, land was completed in 1987. The structure has of office space.", "title": "Comerica Bank Tower" }, { "docid": "11462731#3", "text": "The Southland Life Building overtook the Republic National Bank Building and became from 1959 to 1964 the tallest in the city and the tallest building west of the Mississippi River. Its height was later surpassed in the city by Republic Center Tower II. For many years after the building's opening, the most exclusive restaurant in downtown Dallas was the Chaparral Club on the 37th floor, and an observation deck was located at the top of the tower.", "title": "Sheraton Dallas Hotel" } ]

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[ { "docid": "1086719#53", "text": "Salvaging \"Seydlitz\" also proved difficult, as the ship sank again during the first attempt to raise her, wrecking most of the salvage equipment. Undaunted, Cox tried again, ordering that when she was next raised, news cameras would be there to capture him witnessing the moment. The plan nearly backfired when \"Seydlitz\" was accidentally refloated while Cox was holidaying in Switzerland. Cox told the workers to sink her again, then returned to Britain to be present as \"Seydlitz\" was duly refloated a third time.", "title": "SMS Seydlitz" }, { "docid": "1086719#52", "text": "The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations that ultimately produced the Treaty of Versailles. Reuter believed that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June 1919, which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty. Unaware that the deadline had been extended to the 23rd, Reuter ordered the ships to be sunk at the next opportunity. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers, and at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships. \"Seydlitz\" slipped beneath the surface at 13:50. On her side and on the bottom in twelve fathoms of water the wreck was frequently mistaken for a small island, and was sold in this condition as scrap to the salvage firm of Cox and Danks, led by Ernest Cox, along with a battleship and twenty-six destroyers. The ship was raised on 2 November 1928, and while still inverted was towed south to be scrapped in Rosyth by 1930. \"Seydlitz\"s bell is on display at the Laboe Naval Memorial.", "title": "SMS Seydlitz" } ]

[]

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[ { "docid": "924482#0", "text": "The Isle of Man Railway (IMR) () is a narrow gauge steam-operated railway connecting Douglas with Castletown and Port Erin. The line is narrow gauge and long. It is the remainder of what was a much larger network (over ) that also served the western town of Peel, the northern town of Ramsey and the small mining village of Foxdale. Now in government ownership, it uses original rolling stock and locomotives and there are few concessions to modernity.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway" } ]

[ { "docid": "13213443#9", "text": "Since the nationalisation of the railway secured its future the main thrust of the group has been the restoration of the Groudle Glen Railway commencing in 1982 and the line continues today. Since starting the project, at which time the line had been reduced to a footpath, the line has been relaid to its full length for the first time since 1939 which was officially opened in 1992, seen the return of the original steam locomotive Sea Lion to service in 1987, the erection of various replica station buildings starting with the station canopy in 1993, and the continuing improvement of the line as one of the island's tourist attractions; this has included the added attraction of visiting steam locomotives, gala days in conjunction with Isle of Man Heritage Railways and popular off-season events such as \"Santa Trains\" and \"Bunny Trains\" each Easter weekend. In more recent times there have also been \"Jester Express\" days, promotions in connection with Father's Day and operations on New Year's Day were introduced in 2011. Additionally, \"Driver Experience Days\" are also offered where, for a fee, members of the public may spend the day on the footplate of a steam locomotive and drive trains. The railway is now a stand-alone charity and operates seasonally, whilst the volunteers of the Supporters' Association continue to maintain strong ties with the Isle of Man Railway albeit in a watchdog role, and provision of project items. The group maintains a strong working relationship with the management and attends regular meetings to ensure the development.", "title": "Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association" }, { "docid": "13308694#3", "text": "The line from Ramsey to St John's was opened by the Manx Northern Railway in 1879 and operated until 1968 when passenger operations ceased on the same day as those on the Peel line. By far the most scenic and spectacular route operated by the railway, it featured two viaducts at Glen Wyllin and Glen Mooar and was nearly 17 miles in length. The railway ran independently until 1905 when the Isle of Man Railway took over operations, together with the operation of the Foxdale Railway, thereby controlling the entire network on the island. Sections of this line along the Irish Sea coast suffered some cruel weather and a turntable was installed at St John's to turn coaching stock to ensure even weathering on the most exposed section at the \"Donkey Bank\" which caused trouble to the operators throughout its lifetime. Trains were often dispatched with wagonloads of ash to deposit over the side to shore up the line, and it has dropped considerably since the departure of the railway. Further along the line at Glen Wyllin were pleasure gardens owned and operated by the railway company and these became a popular destination for Sunday School picnics in the railway's heyday, this providing a large source of income for the railway. The nearest station at Kirk Michael was the drop off point for holidaymakers who walked along a track to the side of the line. At Ballavolley a halt was created in 1967 to serve the newly opened Wildlife Park, which remains in place today. The line also boasted a wayside halt for the exclusive use of the Bishop of Sodor and Mann at Bishopscourt, which comprised a simple bench seat and hand-operated signal for the stopping of the passing train. The station at Ramsey was on the site of today's Ramsey Bakery on the outskirts of the town, a disadvantage when compared with the station of the Manx Electric Railway which is in the heart of the town. The station did however boast an extension along the quayside for a time, ideally situated to load and unload goods to and from the vessels in this busy port. Also, as part of an initiative to encourage the railway's use for freight and cargo, a small sharply curved siding was laid to Milntown Power Station in 1968 and three wagons converted to oil carrying wagons for this purpose. The venture was however short-lived, but trains serving this siding were some of the very last recorded trains to travel over the line, in 1969 as part of a rolling stock collection. Today, it is difficult to visualise the station as the site has been modernised and developed beyond recognition.\nOpened in 1886 this was the shortest branch of the Isle of Man Railway and the shortest-lived, closing as early as 1940 to all traffic. It was originally a separate affair to the other railways, but was taken over as part of the merger in 1905 together with the Manx Northern Railway to Ramsey. The tracks remained in situ for many years and reports that trains, or light engines, travelled along its length as late as 1974 (just prior to lifting) are known. The line was only 3 miles in length but was on a steady climb of 1 in 49 for its entirety and it served the small mining community with limited passenger services (only one passenger coach was ever acquired and this remains in service on the preserved south line today, as F.39). The station at Foxdale itself was also the site of the iron ore \"deads\" which gave rise to the station acquiring the nickname \"the back of the moon\" owing to its lunar appearance. Today the station building remains in place in private ownership but the removal of two vital bridges in the 1970s has rendered it extremely unlikely that any proposal to restore the line would ever be successful. There is evidence to suggest (in the form of images) however that Foxdale Station may well retain some of its track to the present day - albeit buried under heaps of spoil. Until recently (within the last ten years) there was still trackwork visible in the road beyond the station which would have run up onto the spoil heaps for working the deads.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway stations" }, { "docid": "924482#3", "text": "During the mid-1920s the IMR formed a bus subsidiary that operated most of the island's bus services, and helped the railway to remain profitable into the 1960s. The first serious examination of the long term viability of the railway came with the Howden Report in 1949, which recommended the closure of the Ramsey line, which was already losing money; the eventual closure of the Peel line, which was breaking even in the late 1940s; and the retention of the then profitable Port Erin line. Howden also reported that the existing equipment of the railway had an economic life of 10–25 years. Economies were made throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. These included the ending of evening and Sunday services, the deferral of track maintenance, and cuts to train mileage as locomotives became unserviceable. To further reduce expenses, there were winter closures of the Peel line (1960-61 only) and the Ramsey line after September 1961, but A. M. Sheard, the then general manager, refused to close the Ramsey line which by this time was losing a considerable amount of money each year.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway" }, { "docid": "924482#7", "text": "Today's railway is a fraction of its original size: it once served the western town of Peel, the northern town of Ramsey and the small mining village of Foxdale. Since 1969 only the southern line has been operational. Although it is only about half of its former size, Douglas railway station is still an impressive complex. After crossing the River Douglas, the line climbs the two-and-a-half-mile-long 1-in-65 Nunnery Bank through a wide rock cutting that brings it through a large estate, and past an industrial estate to the White Hoe, where the island's largest brewery is passed on the left of the train before crossing the first bridge. The train continues to climb to Port Soderick, just before which passengers get the first view of the sea at Keristal, before descending into the railway station. The train then passes through Crogga Woods, under another bridge at Meary Veg (centre for the island's sewage treatment works) and climbs, reaching its summit (, marked by a board visible from the train) close to the site of Ballacostain Halt. The train descends to Santon, the only intermediate station in substantially original condition. From here the train descends at 1 in 60 to Ballasalla railway station, with interesting sea-cliff views to the east. Regular service trains formerly passed each other here. After Ballasalla the line runs over relatively flat land past the request halt at Ronaldsway to the ancient capital of Castletown.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway" }, { "docid": "13248302#16", "text": "Two plank, drop sided wagons, broadly similar to the \"H\" class. They were intended as Ballast Wagons but their ease of loading and unloading made them useful for many types of goods traffic, eventually totalling 78 of these wagons on the line. At least six were still serviceable in 1975, and a couple survived into nationalisation. M.70 was resident on the old goods siding at Santon Station for many years. M.78 also survived and it was this vehicle that inspired the Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association to restore it in 1998. The \"rebuilt\" wagon is now part of the railway's historic fleet of vehicles and bears plaques denoting its origins. It is coupled to H.1 as the Troublesome Trucks each September for the \"Friends of Thomas\" event.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway rolling stock" }, { "docid": "13308694#2", "text": "This was the first railway line to be opened on the island in 1873 and was operational continually until September 1968, with the exception of 1966 when the entire network was closed. The line is today retained as a footpath and bridleway and is 11.5 miles long. Since the rails were lifted in 1975, there has often been talk of resurrecting this line, which out of the closed lines would be the most viable. Since closure there have been several service mains buried under the trackbed, including gas and telephone mains, but pains are always taken to ensure that the trackbed is returned in such a way that the railway could be reinstated. There are two notable examples of this, firstly at Quarterbridge where the railway ran parallel to the T.T. course where an access road was built on the trackbed in 1991, and secondly at the station of St John's where a primary school and housing complex have been developed since 2001. Both of these developments have been built in such a way to ensure the line could be reinstated, albeit that any station at St John's would have to be significantly relocated. During the First World War there was a branch extending from a mid-way point between Peel and St John's stations to the farm of Knockaloe in connection with prisoners of war who were interned there. The stations are listed to the right. At the terminus of Peel a large heritage centre has been built, partly using the old goods shed and station building. The brickworks office and water tower remain in place at the mouth of the yard and are occupied by the Manx Transport Museum Group, and the station site itself is now a car park for the heritage centre. It would not be unfeasible however to reinstate some form of station here in the future as needs required.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway stations" }, { "docid": "924482#13", "text": "All but one of the railway's distinctive locomotives were built by Beyer, Peacock and Company of Manchester between 1873 and 1926, with 16 steam locomotives in total. As of October 2018 there are nominally four locomotives in traffic: № 8 \"Fenella\", № 12 \"Hutchinson\", № 13 \"Kissack\" and № 15 \"Caledonia\". In addition, № 11 \"Maitland\" is undergoing a long-term rebuild, whilst № 4 \"Loch\" and № 10 \"G. H. Wood\" are both undergoing overhaul. The Isle of Man Railway Museum is home to № 6 \"Peveril\" of 1875 and № 16 \"Mannin\" of 1926, with other locomotives at various locations. Only № 2 \"Derby\" has been lost, with only the frames of № 7 \"Tynwald\" in existence, privately owned off-island. The railway also possesses two diesel locomotives: № 17 \"Viking\" which was withdrawn in 2010 and the as-yet unnamed № 21, a diesel electric locomotive delivered in December 2013. A number of smaller shunting locomotives and people carriers for departmental use also exist.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway" }, { "docid": "924482#20", "text": "The last two summer timetables reflect the tourism of the mid-1960s. These show six round trips on the Port Erin line, three to five on the Peel line, and two to Ramsey. Except for the Port Erin-Douglas boat train July and August, all trains operated between 09:30 and 17:30: quite a contrast with the 15 or 16 hours-a-day operation of the 1920s and 1930s. Almost the whole of the Peel line service was handled by the ex-Donegal Railcars, allowing the remaining steam locomotives to be divided between the South Line and the service to Ramsey.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway" }, { "docid": "13260176#8", "text": "A one-off purchase in 1875 from Beyer, Peacock & Co. (works number 1524), and of similar design to Nos. 4 and 5, \"Peveril\" (named after a character in Sir Walter Scott's novel \"Peveril Of The Peak\") saw extensive use on Peel Line for many years, apt as the name is also a local one. She was rebuilt as a Medium Boiled locomotive in 1907, and last reboilered in 1932. She was withdrawn from service, having been station shunter at Douglas for a number of years, in August 1960 and stored out of use thereafter. In 1967 she was selected as one of the static display locomotives during the Marquess of Ailsa years at St.John's station and, after closure of the Peel and Ramsey lines in 1968 relocated to Douglas Station for display purposes. Stored for several years together with No. 5 \"Mona\" in original 1893 Douglas carriage shed, she was removed from here and cosmetically restored by members of the Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters' Association, a local preservation group, in 1994 and is now resident in the railway museum at Port Erin carrying the Indian red livery of the post-war years. Sometimes considered as a restoration job by the railway, this has yet to be carried out but enthusiasts remain hopeful that this may happen one day.", "title": "Isle of Man Railway locomotives" } ]

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[ { "docid": "44319#0", "text": "Elizabeth Petrovna () ( – ), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death. She led the country during the two major European conflicts of her time: the War of Austrian Succession (1740–48) and the Seven Years' War (1756–63).", "title": "Elizabeth of Russia" } ]

[ { "docid": "44319#21", "text": "The great event of Elizabeth's later years was the Seven Years' War. Elizabeth regarded the Convention of Westminster (16 January 1756) in which Great Britain and Prussia agreed to unite their forces to oppose the entry of or the passage through Germany of troops of every foreign power, as utterly subversive of the previous conventions between Great Britain and Russia. Elizabeth sided against Prussia over a personal dislike of Frederick the Great. She wanted him reduced within proper limits so that he might no longer be a danger to the empire. Elizabeth acceded to the Treaty of Versailles, thus entering into an alliance with France and Austria against Prussia. On 17 May 1757 the Russian army, 85,000 strong, advanced against Königsberg.", "title": "Elizabeth of Russia" }, { "docid": "22601435#0", "text": "The Elizabeth Bishop House, also known as the Bulmer House, is an historic single-family house that today is used as an artists' retreat in Great Village, Nova Scotia. The house is associated with Pulitzer Prize winning author Elizabeth Bishop who in her youth lived in the house each summer with her maternal grandparents, William Brown Bulmer and Elizabeth (Hutchinson) Bulmer. Bishop based many of her stories (such as \"In the Village\") and poems (such as \"Filling Station\") on aspects of Great Village and Nova Scotia. Although the Bulmers bought the property in 1874, it is not known when it was built. On May 21, 1997, the Bulmer House was recognized as a Nova Scotia Provincially Recognized Heritage Site for its connection to Elizabeth Bishop and her writings as well as for its architectural significance; it is a good example of a typical -storey Classical Revival dwelling dating from between 1800 and 1850, a type common to rural Nova Scotia.", "title": "Elizabeth Bishop House" }, { "docid": "18717460#0", "text": "Elizabeth Pease Nichol (5 January 1807 – 3 February 1897) was an abolitionist, anti-segregationist, woman suffragist, chartist and anti-vivisectionist in 19th century Great Britain. She was active in the Peace Society, the Temperance movement and founded the Darlington Ladies Anti-Slavery Society. In 1853 she married Dr. John Pringle Nichol (1804–1859), Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Glasgow. She was one of about six women who were in the painting of the World Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840.", "title": "Elizabeth Pease Nichol" }, { "docid": "23152258#0", "text": "Elizabeth Cheney (April 1422 – 25 September 1473) was a member of the English gentry, who, by dint of her two marriages, was the great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, and Catherine Howard, three of the wives of King Henry VIII of England, thus making her great-great-grandmother to King Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was also the great-grandmother of Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. Her first husband was Sir Frederick Tilney, and her second husband was Sir John Say, Speaker of the House of Commons. She produced a total of eight children from both marriages.", "title": "Elizabeth Cheney (gentry)" }, { "docid": "47411418#0", "text": "Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs (1838 – 21 November 1905) was an English novelist and advocate for women's rights and anti-slavery.\nThe eldest granddaughter of the prominent British radical lawyer William Henry Ashurst, she was born in Leicester, Leicestershire in 1838. She was the daughter of Matilda Ashurst Biggs (1818–1866) and hosier Joseph Biggs (1809–1895), the brother of MP William Biggs. The family spent her early years in Leicester. She was close with her mother's family who remained in London. In 1841, her aunt Eliza Ashurst wrote of Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs' early political education to a friend in America. She gave the child a penny for her to donate \"to help 'knock down the Corn Laws, and give poor people cheap bread' — which she learned and repeated with great pathos.\" When a toddler is encouraged to participate in politics, especially a girl in a country that did not foresee a time when women would be allowed to vote, it is not surprising that she would grow up to become civic-minded and engaged in national and international affairs.", "title": "Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs" }, { "docid": "44319#35", "text": "Despite Elizabeth’s volatile, often violent reactions in regards to her appearance, the Empress was ebullient in most other matters particularly when it came to Court entertainment. Elizabeth was renowned throughout and beyond Russia for the balls she held and her fierce commitment to the arts, particularly music, theater, and architecture. It is reported that Elizabeth threw two balls a week. One would be a large event with an average of 800 guests in attendance, most of whom were the nation’s leading merchants, members of the lower nobility, and guards stationed in and around the city of the event. The other ball was a much smaller affair reserved for Elizabeth’s closest friends as well as members of the highest echelons of nobility. These smaller gatherings began as masked balls but evolved into the famous Metamorphoses balls by 1744. At these Metamorphoses balls, guests were expected to dress as the opposite sex, with Elizabeth often dressing up as Cossack or carpenter in honor of her father. The costumes not permitted at the event were those of pilgrims and harlequins, which the Empress considered profane and indecent respectively. Most members of court thoroughly disliked these balls since most looked ridiculous but Elizabeth adored them. As Catherine the Great’s advisor Potemkin posited, this adoration was due to the fact that she was “the only woman who looked truly fine, and completely a man… As she was tall and powerful, male attire suited her.” Though the balls were by far her most personally beloved and lavish events, Elizabeth often threw children’s birthday parties and wedding receptions for those affiliated with her Court, going so far as to provide dowries for each of her ladies-in-waiting.\nThe other court pastimes most enjoyed by Elizabeth and therefore most revered in Court were theatre, music, and architecture. The Empress had a longstanding love of theatre and had a stage erected in the palace to enjoy the countless performances she sanctioned. Though countless domestic and foreign works were shown, the French plays quickly became the most popular, often being performed twice a week. In tandem with Elizabeth’s love of theatre, music came to be of high importance in Court. Many attribute its popularity to Elizabeth’s relationship with Alexei Razumovsky, a Ukrainian Cossack and the supposed husband of the Empress, who reportedly relished music. Regardless of the reasoning behind its introduction, Elizabeth transformed “her court into the country’s leading musical center.” She would spare no expense in its regard, importing leading musical talents from Germany, France, and Italy. As to the Empress’ love of architecture, she financed many construction projects during her reign. Her most famous creations were the Winter Palace, which she commissioned and oversaw the construction of but died before its completion, and the Smolny Convent. The Convent, built when Elizabeth considered becoming a nun, was one of the many religious buildings erected at her behest, using the nation's funds (rather than those of the church). According to Robert Nisbet Bain, “No other Russian sovereign ever erected so many churches.”", "title": "Elizabeth of Russia" }, { "docid": "1216438#80", "text": "In 2012, to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, David was chosen by BBC Radio 4 as one of the 60 Britons who have been most influential during the 60 years of the Queen's reign. In 2013 her portrait was one of a series of first-class stamps issued to celebrate the centenary of ten \"Great Britons\". In 2016 an English Heritage blue plaque was erected on her former home at 24 Halsey Street, Chelsea, where she had lived for 45 years: she was the first food writer to receive this form of recognition.", "title": "Elizabeth David" }, { "docid": "57527427#0", "text": "Elizabeth Zouche (died after 1552), was an English abbess. She was the last abbess of Shaftesbury Abbey, a Benedictine nunnery founded by Alfred the Great which was one and largest and richest in England. It was she who had to sign the deed of surrender on 23 March 1539 which brought to an abrupt end the 650 year life of the abbey and granted all its property and wealth to Henry VIII.", "title": "Elizabeth Zouche" }, { "docid": "44240#6", "text": "The diplomatic intrigue failed, largely due to the intervention of Sophie's mother, Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Historical accounts portray Johanna as a cold, abusive woman who loved gossip and court intrigues. Her hunger for fame centred on her daughter's prospects of becoming empress of Russia, but she infuriated Empress Elizabeth, who eventually banned her from the country for spying for King Frederick of Prussia. The Empress Elizabeth knew the family well: she had intended to marry Princess Johanna's brother Charles Augustus (Karl August von Holstein), who had died of smallpox in 1727 before the wedding could take place. In spite of Johanna's interference, Empress Elizabeth took a strong liking to the daughter, who, on arrival in Russia in 1744, spared no effort to ingratiate herself not only with the Empress Elizabeth, but with her husband and with the Russian people. She applied herself to learning the Russian language with zeal, rising at night and walking about her bedroom barefoot, repeating her lessons (even though she mastered the language, she retained an accent). This practice led to a severe attack of pneumonia in March 1744. When she wrote her memoirs, she said she made up her mind when she came to Russia to do whatever was necessary, and to profess to believe whatever was required of her, to become qualified to wear the crown.", "title": "Catherine the Great" }, { "docid": "11664800#7", "text": "Elizabeth's family called her \"Temperance\" for her kind nature. When she was eleven, the French ambassador described Elizabeth as a \"budding young beauty\" who had \"grace, dignity, intelligence and sensibility\" that enabled her to judge the different people she met and understand different points of view. Elizabeth suffered from poor health. A Victorian-era examination of her remains revealed that she had suffered from rickets, which caused shoulder and back deformities, knock knees and pigeon toes. These problems would have made it difficult for Elizabeth to walk. The adolescent Elizabeth had a long face with a protruding jaw and reddish-brown hair.\nWhen Parliament decided to remove Elizabeth's household in 1648, the 12-year-old princess wrote them a letter protesting their decision: \"My Lords, I account myself very miserable that I must have my servants taken from me and strangers put to me. You promised me that you would have a care for me; and I hope you will show it in preventing so great a grief as this would be to me. I pray my lords consider of it, and give me cause to thank you, and to rest. Your loving friend, Elizabeth.\" The Lords were sympathetic to Elizabeth's plight and condemned the Commons for intervening with the Royal Household, and overturned the decision. However, the Commons demanded that the royal children be brought up as strict Protestants; they were also forbidden to join the Court at Oxford, and were held virtual prisoners at St. James's Palace. At one point, Parliament considered making Henry a replacement king, but strictly a constitutional monarch.", "title": "Elizabeth Stuart (daughter of Charles I)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "38203#0", "text": "Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The first period usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age, a point in time known as menarche. However, periods may occasionally start as young as eight years old and still be considered normal. The average age of the first period is generally later in the developing world, and earlier in the developed world. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days). Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days. Menstruation stops occurring after menopause, which usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Periods also stop during pregnancy and typically do not resume during the initial months of breastfeeding.\nUp to 80% of women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. Common signs and symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. These may interfere with normal life, therefore qualifying as premenstrual syndrome, in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, symptoms are severe.\nA lack of periods, known as amenorrhea, is when periods do not occur by age 15 or have not occurred in 90 days. Other problems with the menstrual cycle include painful periods and abnormal bleeding such as bleeding between periods or heavy bleeding. Menstruation in other animals occur in primates (apes and monkeys).\nThe menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of hormones. This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus, and the growth of an egg, (which is required for pregnancy). The egg is released from an ovary around day fourteen in the cycle; the thickened lining of the uterus provides nutrients to an embryo after implantation. If pregnancy does not occur, the lining is released in what is known as menstruation.", "title": "Menstruation" }, { "docid": "88003#0", "text": "The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible. The cycle is required for the production of oocytes, and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms during the one to two weeks prior to menstruation. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability and mood changes. These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, they are severe.\nThe first period usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age, a point in time known as menarche. They may occasionally start as early as eight, and this onset may still be normal. The average age of the first period is generally later in the developing world and earlier in developed world. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women and 21 to 35 days in adults (an average of 28 days). Menstruation stops occurring after menopause which usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days.\nThe menstrual cycle is governed by hormonal changes. These changes can be altered by using hormonal birth control to prevent pregnancy. Each cycle can be divided into three phases based on events in the ovary (ovarian cycle) or in the uterus (uterine cycle). The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase whereas the uterine cycle is divided into menstruation, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.", "title": "Menstrual cycle" } ]

[ { "docid": "3215535#4", "text": "The human luteal phase lasts between ten and sixteen days, the average being fourteen days. Luteal phases of less than twelve days may make it more difficult to achieve pregnancy. While luteal phase length varies significantly from woman to woman, for the same woman the length will be fairly consistent from cycle to cycle.", "title": "Luteal phase" }, { "docid": "479970#11", "text": "Another theory is that the 260-day period is the length of human pregnancy. This is close to the average number of days between the \"first missed\" menstrual period and birth, unlike Naegele's rule which is 40 weeks (280 days) between the \"last\" menstrual period and birth. It is postulated that midwives originally developed the calendar to predict babies' expected birth dates.", "title": "Tzolk'in" }, { "docid": "7650180#5", "text": "The number of children born to one woman can vary dependent on her window from menarche to menopause. The average window of fertility is from 13.53 to 49.24. Taking into consideration lactational amenorrhea and the period between conception and birth, the average woman is capable of experiencing around 20 births. However, if the duration of lactation is cut short due to use of a formula substitute or the woman has multiple births, the number of offspring could exceed 20.", "title": "Natural fertility" }, { "docid": "36578750#2", "text": "The average age of a young woman's first period (menarche) is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, 12.72 in Canada, 12.9 in the UK) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, 50% in the third and 10% in the sixth year. A woman's fertility peaks in her early and mid-20s after which it starts to decline. However, the exact estimates of the chances of a woman to conceive after a certain age are not clear, and are subject to debate.", "title": "Age and female fertility" }, { "docid": "88003#5", "text": "The length of a woman's menstrual cycle typically varies somewhat, with some shorter cycles and some longer cycles. A woman who experiences variations of less than eight days between her longest cycles and shortest cycles is considered to have regular menstrual cycles. It is unusual for a woman to experience cycle length variations of more than four days. Length variation between eight and 20 days is considered as moderately irregular cycles. Variation of 21 days or more between a woman's shortest and longest cycle lengths is considered very irregular.", "title": "Menstrual cycle" }, { "docid": "11141345#8", "text": "A note at the end of the movie states that for a woman during a session of lovemaking the average length of time from initial arousal to orgasm is about seven minutes.In 1965 20th Century Fox bought the rights to three novels by Irving Wallace for $1.5 million. The first of these was \"The Plot\". The second was \"The Seven Minutes\". He finished the book in 1968.", "title": "The Seven Minutes (film)" }, { "docid": "3174918#5", "text": "A woman's fertility is affected by her age. The average age of a girl's first period (menarche) is 12-13 (12.5 years in the United States, 12.72 in Canada, 12.9 in the UK), but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, 50% in the third and 10% in the sixth year. A woman's fertility peaks in the early and mid 20s, after which it starts to decline, with this decline being accelerated after age 35. However, the exact estimates of the chances of a woman to conceive after a certain age are not clear, with research giving differing results. The chances of a couple to successfully conceive at an advanced age depend on many factors, including the general health of a woman and the fertility of the male partner.", "title": "Female infertility" }, { "docid": "652165#9", "text": "Another theory is that the 260-day period came from the length of human pregnancy. This is close to the average number of days between the \"first missed\" menstrual period and birth, unlike Naegele's rule which is 40 weeks (280 days) between the \"last\" menstrual period and birth. It is postulated that midwives originally developed the calendar to predict babies' expected birth dates.", "title": "Mesoamerican calendars" }, { "docid": "38203#2", "text": "Menstruation is the most visible phase of the menstrual cycle and its beginning is used as the marker between cycles. The first day of menstrual bleeding is the date used for the last menstrual period (LMP). The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days).", "title": "Menstruation" } ]

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[ { "docid": "3260737#1", "text": "A native of Grant Town, West Virginia, Rodriguez graduated from North Marion High School in 1981 where he played four sports and was an all-state football and basketball player. After high school, Rodriguez attended West Virginia University. Playing as a defensive back, Rodriguez recorded 54 career tackles over three seasons.", "title": "Rich Rodriguez" } ]

[ { "docid": "3260737#0", "text": "Richard Alan Rodriguez (born May 24, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is the offensive coordinator at Ole Miss. Rodriguez previously served as the head football coach at Salem University (1988), Glenville State College (1990–1996), West Virginia University (2001–2007), the University of Michigan (2008–2010), and the University of Arizona (2012–2017). His career college football coaching record stands at 163–118–2. In 2011, Rodriguez worked as an analyst for CBS Sports.", "title": "Rich Rodriguez" }, { "docid": "1830689#1", "text": "He was born on July 31, 1944, into a Mexican immigrant family in San Francisco, California. Rodriguez spoke Spanish until he went to a Catholic school at 6. As a youth in Sacramento, California, he delivered newspapers and worked as a gardener. He graduated from Sacramento's Christian Brothers High School.", "title": "Richard Rodriguez" }, { "docid": "26457067#1", "text": "Rodriguez is from Catbalogan City, Samar, and later migrated to the United States when he was 12 years old with his parents. He was born in Subic Naval Base in Zambales to an American serviceman father and a Filipina mother. One of six siblings, he moved with his two brothers and three sisters with their mother to Pinabacdao, Samar (where their mother hails from) but they grew up in nearby Catbalogan City, also in Samar, where Rodriguez studied at St. Mary's College of Catbalogan (formerly Sacred Heart College) from kindergarten to elementary. He lived in Yuma, Arizona and attended Cibola High School. Then, the family migrated to San Francisco where he took up Digital Animation but found it hard to find a job there. Rodriguez is multi-lingual, able to fluently speak English, Tagalog and Waray-Waray.", "title": "Tom Rodriguez" }, { "docid": "27506923#1", "text": "Burridge was born on 11 June 1955 to Alan Burridge and Iris Joyce Burridge (\"née\" Coates). He was educated at University College, Oxford where he received an MA and the University of Nottingham where he read for a PhD. His doctoral thesis on the genre of the gospels was published in 1992 as \"What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography\" and is highly influential in that it played a key part both in establishing that the Gospels were read as biographies in the first centuries after Christ and that they belonged to a recognised literary genre of biographies rather than being unprecedented writings which reflected the faith and life of the post-Easter church.", "title": "Richard Burridge (priest)" }, { "docid": "57844292#2", "text": "Mj Rodriguez was born on January 7, 1991, in Newark, New Jersey to an African-American mother and Puerto Rican father. Rodriguez attended the Queen of Angels Catholic School. Although she wanted to become an actor since the age of 7, she only began pursuing the profession at the age of 11 after her mother enrolled her in the New Jersey Performing Arts Center—where she became an eight-year veteran of the program and participated in its New Jersey Youth Theater program.", "title": "Mj Rodriguez" }, { "docid": "34511126#1", "text": "Alejandro Rodriguez was born in Caracas, Venezuela, in 1918, to a businessman and a homemaker. He spent his entire youth in Caracas, Venezuela. After his graduation from Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, in Caracas, he entered Universidad Central de Venezuela, where he earned his medical degree in 1939.", "title": "Alejandro Rodriguez (psychiatrist)" }, { "docid": "1552312#1", "text": "Pedro Rodriguez was born in Brooklyn, New York to the Puerto Rican salsa singer, Pellin Rodríguez and Elba Lopez Perez, who met in New York while Pellin's band was touring. Rodriguez is the first of three children for the couple. As a child, Rodriguez was always surrounded by musical instruments and by personalities from the entertainment world. He wanted to become a musician like his father, but his father objected because he wanted Pedro to get a college education. The family settled in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. There, young Pedro started to become more interested in the field of science than in the field of music. During his school years, he excelled in the subjects of math and science. In 1971, Rodriguez graduated from La Salle High School with honors.", "title": "Pedro Rodriguez (scientist)" }, { "docid": "50412558#1", "text": "Patricia Rodriguez was born in Marfa, Texas in 1944. She was born to a Chicana single parent and was raised by her grandmother while her mother worked. Her grandmother played a major role in the development of a feminine identification. Rodriguez grew her creative identity by attending jamaycas (festive days) which provided an acceptable method of feminine creativity. Later, Patricia and her family moved to California and this helped Patricia learn a new sense about cultural boundaries. Back in Texas, Patricia wouldn’t hang out with Anglos unless they were poor or were from the same neighborhood, but in California, there wasn’t a division and they hung out together. In junior high, Rodriguez began to formulate herself as an artist. She had an art teacher that encouraged her to become an artist and to go to college. The limitations and social attitudes were an obstacle for Patricia’s future, but she relied on her endurance and perseverance.", "title": "Patricia Rodriguez (artist)" }, { "docid": "18703801#1", "text": "Born in Lake Forest, California, to parents John and Lori, Rodriguez grew up in Lake Forest, California and attended Santa Margarita Catholic High School in Rancho Santa Margarita, California, where she was a \"Parade\" All-American in 2003 and 2004 and the Gatorade Player of the Year in 2005. Her paternal grandparents were from Cuba and immigrated to the United States in the 1950s. She has a sister named Lauren and brother named Adam.", "title": "Amy Rodriguez" }, { "docid": "32134804#30", "text": "Rodríguez was born in Zürich to a Spanish father and a Chilean mother. His mother, Marcela Araya, died of cancer in 2015. Rodriguez had the number 68, the year of her birth, tattooed on his back. Rodriguez was born with a diaphragmatic hernia, meaning that his stomach, spleen, liver and intestine had migrated into the chest. Rodriguez was given a 50% chance of survival and was monitored every six months for the first three years of his life. He is the younger brother of FC Zürich midfielder Roberto Rodríguez and the older brother of midfielder Francisco Rodríguez, who plays for FC Luzern.", "title": "Ricardo Rodríguez (footballer)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "12749659#0", "text": "In television and radio programming, a serial has a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode-by-episode fashion. Serials typically follow main story arcs that span entire television seasons or even the full run of the series, which distinguishes them from traditional episodic television that relies on more stand-alone episodes. Worldwide, the soap opera is the most prominent form of serial dramatic programming.", "title": "Serial (radio and television)" } ]

[ { "docid": "32608228#0", "text": "Serial TV Drama (stylized as serial TV drama) （シリアル・ティーヴィー・ドラマ）is a Japanese band that was formed in 2004, managed by Sony Music Records Inc. and under Steezlab Music. The group consists of five members Hiroki Arai (新井 弘毅 Arai Hiroki), Shotaro Okada (岡田 翔太朗 Okada Shōtarō), Satoshi Tokizaki (鴇崎 智史 Tokizaki Satoshi), Goh Inamasu (稲増 五生 Inamasu Goh), and Futoshi Kondo (近藤 太 Kondō Futoshi).", "title": "Serial TV Drama" }, { "docid": "38233561#0", "text": "Turkish television drama () is a genre of television serial dramas, melodramas, comedy dramas, romantic dramas, thriller dramas, or action dramas produced in, and broadcast from Turkey. Most of genres reflect the Turkish culture. They are the country's most well known economic and cultural exports. Turkey is the world's fastest TV series exporter and the second biggest exporter of TV series after the U.S. Turkish TV series are among the world's lengthiest, ranging between 120 and 150 minutes in length. The television series industry has played a pivotal role in increasing Turkey's popularity in Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa.", "title": "Turkish television drama" }, { "docid": "51873003#0", "text": "Sammi is a Pakistani television drama serial about Social cause that airs on Hum TV from 28 January 2017. It is written by Noor-ul-Huda Shah and directed by Saife Hassan. The series centers social issues on the rural society revolving around the concept of \n\"Vanni\", the series shows moral lessons against common issues such as gender discrimination. Depicting the Vanni concept storyline revolves around the journey of Sammi, a young girl who was sold off by her family to the Chaudhry family where her brother had killed her fiancé. Simultaneously it revolves around reality based issues with different characters within the same plot. It is nominated for Best Drama Serial at 6th Hum Awards.", "title": "Sammi (2017 TV series)" }, { "docid": "14101770#0", "text": "The Passion is a television drama serial produced by the BBC and HBO Films in association with Deep Indigo Productions. It tells the story of the last week in the life of Jesus. The serial was first proposed by Peter Fincham in 2006, on the success of the contemporary-set Manchester Passion. Writer Frank Deasy and producer Nigel Stafford-Clark were inspired to make a drama that opened up the story beyond the \"vacuum\" it is often told in. They did this by expanding the roles of Pontius Pilate and Caiaphas, and exploring the politics of Judea at the time. Deasy and Stafford-Clark were aided by scholar Mark Goodacre, with whom they put together an extensive research manual about the topic.", "title": "The Passion (TV serial)" }, { "docid": "34255387#2", "text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.", "title": "Styrene monooxygenase" }, { "docid": "23535556#28", "text": "POLICE RESCUE \nLogie Awards \n1993 Most Popular Actor | Gary Sweet \n1993 Most Outstanding Actor | Gary Sweet \n1994 Most Outstanding Drama \n1994 Most Popular Actor | Gary Sweet \n1994 Most Popular Actress | Sonia Todd \n1996 Most Outstanding Drama \nAFI Awards \n1989 Best Director (Pilot) | Peter Fisk \n1991 Best Screenplay in a TV Drama | Peter Schreck \n1991 Best Actress in a Leading Role in TV Drama | Sonia Todd \n1991 Best Actor in a Leading Role in TV Drama | Gary Sweet \n1992 Best Actor in a Leading Role in TV Drama | Gary Sweet \n1993 Best Direction in a TV Drama | Michael Carson \nPeople's Choice Awards \n1993 Favourite TV Drama or Serial \n1993 Favourite Male Star in TV Drama or Serial | Gary Sweet \n1994 Favourite Australian Movie Star | Gary Sweet \n1994 Favourite Australian Film (Police Rescue – The Movie)\n1994 Favourite Male Star in TV Drama | Gary Sweet\n1995 Favourite TV Drama/Serial \nUmbriafiction (Italy)\n1992 Best Non-European Drama Serial \nNew York Festivals/Worldmedal \n1995 International TV Programming", "title": "John Edwards (producer)" } ]

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[ { "docid": "142543#3", "text": "Sorley MacLean was born at Òsgaig on the island of Raasay on 26 October 1911; Scottish Gaelic was his first language. Before he went to school at the age of six, he spoke very little English. He was the second of five sons born to Malcolm (1880–1951) and Christina MacLean (1886–1974). The family owend a small croft and ran a tailoring business, but they later gave up the croft to move to a better house, which proved detrimental to their finances when the Great Depression took a high toll on the tailoring business. His brothers were John Maclean (1910–1970), a schoolteacher and later rector of Oban High School, who was also a piper; Calum Maclean (1915–1960), a noted folklorist and ethnographer; and Alasdair (1918–1999) and Norman (c.1917–c.1980), who became general practitioners. Sorley's two younger sisters, Isobel and Mary, were also schoolteachers. His patronymic was Somhairle mac Chaluim 'ic Chaluim 'ic Iain 'ic Tharmaid 'ic Iain 'ic Tharmaid; he could not trace his genealogy with certainty to the eighth generation.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "8768746#1", "text": "Maclean was born in Òsgaig, Isle of Raasay, Scotland, into a family of five boys and two girls. His father was Malcolm MacLean (1880–1951), who was a tailor. His mother, Kirsty (1886–1974), was the daughter of Sorley Mor Nicolson of Braes, Skye, and his wife, Ishabel.", "title": "Calum Maclean" }, { "docid": "206719#28", "text": "The poet Sorley MacLean was born in Osgaig, a small crofting community on the west coast of the island; perhaps his most famous poem is about \"Hallaig\", an abandoned community on the east coast. MacLean's writings often combine an ancient traditional awareness, with a modernist political outlook, in which Raasay, and the areas adjacent to it are frequently referenced. But while MacLean's work dwells on the brutality of war, of the Highland Clearances and modern exploitation, he also writes about nature. Thus, although the Clearances leave an empty landscape populated only by the ghosts of those evicted or forced to emigrate, \"Time, the deer, is in the Wood of Hallaig\".", "title": "Raasay" }, { "docid": "143579#42", "text": "The poet Sorley MacLean was born on Raasay, the setting for his best known poem, \"Hallaig\". George Orwell wrote much of the novel \"1984\" whilst living at Barnhill on Jura and J.M. Barrie wrote a screenplay for the 1924 film adaptation of \"Peter Pan\" whilst on Eilean Shona. Cressida Cowell, the author of \"How to Train Your Dragon\", spent childhood summers in the Inner Hebrides and has stated that they are \"one of the most beautiful places on Earth\" and \"the kind of place where you expect to see dragons overhead\".", "title": "Inner Hebrides" } ]

[ { "docid": "142543#1", "text": "He was raised in a strict Presbyterian family on the island of Raasay, immersed in Gaelic culture and literature from birth, but abandoned religion for socialism. In the late 1930s, he befriended many Scottish Renaissance figures, such as Hugh MacDiarmid and Douglas Young. He was wounded three times while serving with the British Army during the Second World War. MacLean published little after the war, due to his perfectionism. In 1956, he became head teacher at Plockton High School, where he advocated for the use of the Gaelic language in formal education.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "142543#12", "text": "MacLean returned to Britain for convalescence in March 1943. He was discharged from Raigmore Hospital in Inverness in August 1943 and released from the army in September. In the fall of 1943, he resumed teaching at Boroughmuir, where he met Renee Cameron in 1944. They married on 24 July 1946 in Inverness and had three daughters and six grandchildren. According to friends, their marriage was happy and peaceful, as they complemented each other well, and MacLean \"mellowed\" with age and family life. He had never been a member of the Communist Party, and the Soviet occupation of Poland after the war caused MacLean to become disillusioned with the Soviet Union and Stalinism. He retained his socialist world-view and strong belief in social justice. During this period, he frequently reviewed poetry and continued to make friends in literary circles, including younger poets such as Iain Crichton Smith and George Mackay Brown. He became particularly close to Sydney Goodsir Smith, who shared a flat with MacLean and his family for more than a year. In 1947 he was promoted to Principal Teacher of English at Boroughmuir, but MacLean wanted to return to the western Highlands.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "142543#8", "text": "He was educated at Raasay Primary School and Portree Secondary School. In 1929, he left home to attend the University of Edinburgh. For economic reasons, he chose to study English instead of Celtic. He disliked the head of the English department, Herbert Grierson, who favoured different poets than MacLean; MacLean felt that Grierson imposed his aesthetic preferences on the department. MacLean's academic work has been described as merely \"dutiful\". While at Edinburgh, MacLean also took classes in the Celtic department, then under William J. Watson. He was involved in left-wing politics, literary circles, and the university shinty team. MacLean later described an occasion in which he had demonstrated against Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists. According to Celtic scholar Emma Dymock, MacLean's education at Edinburgh broadened his horizons and the city itself was significant in his life. While in Edinburgh, he observed urban poverty, slums, and overcrowding, especially severe due to the Great Depression. After his graduation in 1933 with a first-class degree, rather than pursuing postgraduate studies he remained in Edinburgh and spent a year at Moray House Teachers' Training College, where he met Hugh MacDiarmid.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "142543#13", "text": "In 1956, MacLean was offered the position of head teacher of Plockton High School in Wester Ross, not far from where his paternal grandmother's family had lived. It was a difficult assignment as the remote location was not attractive to teacher candidates, and MacLean frequently had to teach himself due to vacancies. While at Plockton, he promoted the use of Scottish Gaelic in formal education and campaigned for a Highers exam for learners of Gaelic. Before 1968, there was no separate exam for Gaelic learners, who had to compete with native speakers if they took Gaelic Highers. MacLean felt that this unfair policy discouraged many students from studying Gaelic, although he encouraged his students to take the exam even if they were not native speakers. In 1966, he presented a paper to the Gaelic Society of Inverness outlining the practical issues in Gaelic education. MacLean pointed out that in continental Europe, it was not uncommon to study three or four languages in school. According to MacLean, Scottish children would benefit from studying three languages in school alongside English, and \"surely it is not expecting too much of Gaelic patriotism to demand that Gaelic should be one of the three?\" MacLean set high academic expectations for his students and also promoted shinty; in 1965, the Plockton team won the cup for Ross and Cromarty.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "142543#5", "text": "What MacLean learned of the history of the Gaels, especially of the Clearances, had a significant impact on his worldview and politics. On his mother's side were three noteworthy singers, two pipers, and a village bard. Of especial note was MacLean's paternal grandmother, Mary Matheson, whose family had been evicted from Lochalsh in the 18th century. Until her death in 1923, she lived with the family and taught MacLean many traditional songs from Kintail and Lochalsh, as well as Skye. As a child, MacLean enjoyed fishing trips with his aunt Peigi, who taught him other songs. Unlike other members of his family, MacLean could not sing, a fact that he connected with his impetus to write poetry.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" }, { "docid": "142543#9", "text": "In 1934, he returned to Skye to teach English at Portree High School. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, he considered volunteering to fight in the International Brigades; according to his daughter, he would have gone if not for family responsibilities. At the time, his mother was seriously ill and his father's business was failing. In January 1938, MacLean accepted a teaching position at Tobermory High School on Mull, where he stayed until December. The year he spent on Mull had a profound effect on him, because Mull was still devastated from nineteenth-century clearances in which many MacLeans had been evicted. MacLean later said, \"I believe Mull had much to do with my poetry: its physical beauty, so different from Skye’s, with the terrible imprint of the clearances on it, made it almost intolerable for a Gael.\" He believed that fascism was likely to emerge victorious in Europe, and was further dismayed by the continuing decline of the Gaelic language.", "title": "Sorley MacLean" } ]

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[ { "docid": "12449#8", "text": "\"Gundam Wing\" was not the first series in the \"Gundam\" franchise to be dubbed and distributed in the U.S. (the compilation movie version of the original \"Mobile Suit Gundam\", as well as the OVAs \"\" and \"\", preceded it by about two years), but it is well known as the first \"Gundam\" series to be aired on American television. This dub was produced by Bandai Entertainment and the voice work was done by Ocean Productions. The series aired on Cartoon Network's weekday afternoon after-school programming block Toonami; premiering on March 6, 2000. In the first extended promo leading up to the series' premiere, voice actor Peter Cullen narrated the back story, evoking memories of \"Voltron's\" opening credits. The promo was said to be so riveting that Bandai decided to use it as the official promo for the series.", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" }, { "docid": "12449#20", "text": "\"Gundam Wing\" was a greater success in North America, however, and is credited with single-handedly popularizing the \"Gundam\" franchise among Western audiences. Just over a week after its premiere on Cartoon Network on March 6, 2000, the series was the top rated program in all age groups. During the summer of 2000, it remained as the first or second top-rated show among kids and teens during its twelve airings per week on the Toonami block. \"Gundam Wing\" was ranked the 73rd best animated series by IGN, calling the series \"so good that even those opposed to anime have to give the show its due credit\".", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" }, { "docid": "253053#20", "text": "Early in the show's North American run, Bandai reported that \"G Gundam\" had the top ratings of any anime show for the period. The company considered the show to be a \"hit\" at the time. However, officials for Toonami recounted in 2006 that no \"Gundam\" series earned significant viewer ratings after the first North American airing of \"Gundam Wing\" in 2000. \"G Gundam\" received an overall positive critical reception amid its mainstream exposure in the United States. Nonetheless, views on \"G Gundam\"s plot remain largely mixed. Negative reactions to the plot mostly stem from its stark contrast to preceding \"Gundam\" entries that have traditionally focused on deep political and social issues in the midst of war. AnimeNation writer John Oppliger considered \"G Gundam\" to be \"the plague of the \"Gundam\" franchise\" and \"one of the biggest mis-steps in anime history\" due to its elimination of such serious subtext. Both Bamboo Dong of the Anime News Network and Duncan Scott of \"Protoculture Addicts\" were also initially disappointed for the same reason, with the latter writer feeling that the series features \"Gundam\" in its title purely for marketing reasons. Derrick L. Tucker of T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews called the series' episodic storyline its \"most profound weakness\", whereby \"the narrative exists to move the viewer from fight to fight\". Tucker also found that the potential for its more dramatic themes, such as tension between Domon and Master Asia or Domon's romantic relationship with Rain, is \"overshadowed from start to finale by the show's domineering, if repetitive action sets\".", "title": "Mobile Fighter G Gundam" }, { "docid": "12449#1", "text": "The series aired in Japan on the terrestrial TV Asahi network. It ran for 49 episodes; beginning on April 7, 1995 and ending on March 29, 1996. It received multiple manga adaptations, as well as video games. Four original video animation (OVA) episodes were produced including a retelling of the series, \"Operation Meteor\", and a direct sequel, \"\". In 2010, Sumizawa started writing the novel \"\", another sequel to the series. While the series fared modestly well in Japan, it found greater success in the United States and popularized the \"Gundam\" franchise in the West.", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" } ]

[ { "docid": "20113#10", "text": "Hoping to capitalize on the success of \"Gundam Wing\" from the previous year, Bandai Entertainment released a heavily edited and English-dubbed version of \"Mobile Suit Gundam\", premiering on Cartoon Network's Toonami weekday afternoon after-school action programming block across the United States on Monday, July 23, 2001. The series did not do as well as \"Wing\" but the ratings were high enough for the whole series to be aired and to spawn an enormous toy line. Due to the September 11th attacks, Cartoon Network, like many other American TV stations, began pulling, and editing, war-themed content and violent programming, resulting in the cancellation of the series. However, the series finale was shown as part of Toonami's \"New Year's Eve-il\" special on December 31, 2001 and the unaired episodes were aired in reruns during 2002.", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam" }, { "docid": "253053#12", "text": "The \"Mobile Fighter G Gundam\" television series originally aired in Japan the terrestrial channel TV Asahi from April 22, 1994 to March 31, 1995 for a total of 49 episodes. The show would not reach North American audiences until many years later. \"Mobile Suit Gundam Wing\", a series that succeeded \"G Gundam\" on Japanese television in 1995, was first localized in North America by Bandai Entertainment in early 2000. \"Gundam Wing\" was a moderate success in the United States while being broadcast on the popular afternoon Toonami block of Cartoon Network. In late 2001, Bandai acquired the rights to distribute an English-dubbed version of \"G Gundam\" with voice casting recorded by Ocean Productions in their Blue Water studio in Calgary, Alberta. The English-language version of \"G Gundam\" premiered as a free screening at the Sony Metreon Action Theatre in San Francisco on March 30, 2002. \"G Gundam\" began airing on Toonami on August 5, 2002. Due to the channel's censorship policies, some edits were made for the broadcast. This mainly involved altering the names of several mobile fighters, such as changing God Gundam and Devil Gundam to Burning Gundam and Dark Gundam respectively. The show was also aired on the channel's \"Midnight Run\" and as part of its Saturday programming in November 2002. Cartoon Network officially dropped \"G Gundam\" from its afternoon schedule the following June. The series has since been re-broadcast on the Japanese cable network Family Gekijo and the satellite channel Animax.", "title": "Mobile Fighter G Gundam" }, { "docid": "12449#12", "text": "A three-part OVA titled \"\" was produced in 1997 as a sequel to the TV series; plot-wise, it brought the \"After Colony\" timeline to a close. The OVA was also notable for its massive redesigns of all the Gundams by Hajime Katoki, such as the Wing Gundam Zero's new \"angel-winged\" appearance. A compilation movie version of \"Endless Waltz\" (featuring additional footage, alterations of the music score and a different ending theme) was later released in Japan on August 1, 1998. \"Endless Waltz\" premiered on Cartoon Network in the U.S. on November 10, 2000. Both the OVA and movie versions of \"Endless Waltz\" were later released together on DVD. Right Stuf released both OVAs on Blu-ray and DVD in December 2017 (though \"Operation Meteor\" remains un-dubbed).", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" }, { "docid": "292869#2", "text": "It is the year After Colony 195, and the battles between Earth and the space colonies have ended. Treize Khushrenada is dead and OZ has come to an end. This gives birth to the Earth Sphere Unified Nation (ESUN) and the Preventers. Seeing they won't be needed anymore, the Gundam pilots (except Chang Wufei) send their suits into the sun. However, this peace would not last, for a rebellion occurs on the newly completed colony, L3 X-18999. Led by seven-year-old Mariemaia Khushrenada, Treize's illegitimate daughter, the rebellion kidnaps Relena Darlian, now the Vice Foreign Minister of the ESUN, during a diplomatic mission to X-18999. As the Gundam pilots investigate further, they discover that Mariemaia is merely a puppet controlled by her grandfather Dekim Barton, a former advisor to martyred colony leader Heero Yuy, who is using X-18999 to go through with the original Operation Meteor, as a contingency plan in case the ESUN doesn't comply. The Gundam pilots must prevent Dekim from seizing power over the ESUN. The Gundams are retrieved from their course to sun to Earth's orbit thanks to Quatre and the Maganacs. The pilots use their Gundams one last time to fight against Dekim's forces, not killing anyone. In the end, Dekim is killed by one of his own soldiers, Earth and its colonies are at peace once again and all mobile suits (including the Gundams) are forever destroyed.One of the most notable features of \"Endless Waltz\" was the massive redesigns all five of the Gundams from the end of the \"Gundam Wing\" TV series received, courtesy of the artist Hajime Katoki. The Gundams in \"Endless Waltz\" have more stylized appearances; reflected in the even more demonic design of the Gundam Deathscythe Hell, the more dragon-like design of the Altron Gundam, and the new \"angel-winged\" design of the Wing Gundam Zero. Despite the dramatically different designs of the Gundams, the story in \"Endless Waltz\" retcons them as if the original designs from the TV series never existed. However, this changed after the release of the \"Glory of Losers\" manga series.In North America, \"Endless Waltz\" premiered on Canada's YTV on September 11, 2000 and on Cartoon Network in the U.S. on November 10, 2000. It was later released to VHS, UMD, and DVD by Bandai Entertainment, with the DVD edition containing both the OVA and compilation movie versions on one disc. Due to the closure of Bandai Entertainment, the OVA and Movie went out-of-print. On October 11, 2014 at their 2014 New York Comic-Con panel, Sunrise announced they will be releasing all of the Gundam franchise, including \"Endless Waltz\" in North America though distribution from Right Stuf Inc., beginning in Spring 2015. Right Stuf had re-released \"Endless Waltz\" on Blu-ray and DVD in December 2017.", "title": "Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz" }, { "docid": "292869#3", "text": "The initial airing of the OVA on November 10, 2000, was Cartoon Network's second highest-rated program ever at the time, only being topped by the premiere of Funimation's in-house dub of \"Dragon Ball Z\". Helen McCarthy in \"500 Essential Anime Movies\" commented that \"the giant robot fights are as good as ever\" and that \"the art direction and design is excellent\".", "title": "Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz" }, { "docid": "995022#8", "text": "YTV hosted the North American broadcast premiere of \"Sailor Moon\" in August 1995. The final 17 episodes of \"Sailor Moon R\" were dubbed specifically for the Canadian market. Series such as \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Pokémon\" were broadcast on the channel in following years. In 2000, YTV broadcast \"Mobile Suit Gundam Wing\", airing an edited version of the series at 11:30 p.m. ET on weeknights.", "title": "Bionix" }, { "docid": "12449#16", "text": "In early 2010, \"Gundam Ace\" magazine announced they would serialize a \"New \"Gundam Wing\" Project\". The project was eventually revealed to be a novel, titled \"\". Written by Katsuyuki Sumizawa, the novel begins a new timeline, following the \"Mars Century\" calendar (\"MC\") which was the successor of the previous \"After Colony\" calendar. According to an interview with the author, the novel spans backwards into the AC century and the Gundam pilots, Relena, and their children make appearances.", "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" } ]

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[ { "docid": "7025#7", "text": "In North America, the Narragansett people of the Algonquian nation in the regions of New England appeared to be using cranberries in pemmican for food and for dye. Calling the red berries, \"sasemineash\", the Narragansett people may have introduced cranberries to colonists in Massachusetts. In 1550, James White Norwood made reference to Native Americans using cranberries. In James Rosier's book \"The Land of Virginia\" there is an account of Europeans coming ashore and being met with Native Americans bearing bark cups full of cranberries. In Plymouth, Massachusetts, there is a 1633 account of the husband of Mary Ring auctioning her cranberry-dyed petticoat for 16 shillings. In 1643, Roger Williams's book \"A Key Into the Language of America\" described cranberries, referring to them as \"bearberries\" because bears ate them. In 1648, preacher John Elliott was quoted in Thomas Shepard's book \"Clear Sunshine of the Gospel\" with an account of the difficulties the Pilgrims were having in using the Indians to harvest cranberries as they preferred to hunt and fish. In 1663, the Pilgrim cookbook appears with a recipe for cranberry sauce. In 1667, New Englanders sent to King Charles ten barrels of cranberries, three barrels of codfish and some Indian corn as a means of appeasement for his anger over their local coining of the Pine Tree shilling. In 1669, Captain Richard Cobb had a banquet in his house (to celebrate both his marriage to Mary Gorham and his election to the Convention of Assistance), serving wild turkey with sauce made from wild cranberries. In the 1672 book \"New England Rarities Discovered\" author John Josselyn described cranberries, writing:", "title": "Cranberry" } ]

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[ { "docid": "193371#35", "text": "Beginning in 1917, as the United States became involved in World War I under President Woodrow Wilson, formerly rural Sewell's Point became the site of what grew to become the largest Naval Base in the world which was established by the United States Navy and is now known as the Naval Station Norfolk.", "title": "Hampton Roads" }, { "docid": "1098226#58", "text": "Naval Station Norfolk currently occupies Sewells Point. The base is approximately and is the largest naval base in the world.", "title": "Sewell's Point" }, { "docid": "896196#0", "text": "Naval Station Norfolk, is a United States Navy base in Norfolk, Virginia. It supports naval forces in the United States Fleet Forces Command, those operating in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean. The installation occupies about of waterfront space and of pier and wharf space of the Hampton Roads peninsula known as Sewell's Point. It is the world's largest naval station, with the largest concentration of U.S. Navy forces through 75 ships alongside 14 piers and with 134 aircraft and 11 aircraft hangars at the adjacently operated Chambers Field and Port Services controls more than 3,100 ships' movements annually as they arrive and depart their berths.", "title": "Naval Station Norfolk" } ]

[ { "docid": "5275459#22", "text": "After the war, the British government devoted significant resources into building a naval base in Singapore, as a deterrent to the increasingly ambitious Japanese Empire. Completed in 1939 at a staggering cost of $500 million, the naval base boasted what was then the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and enough fuel tanks to support the entire British navy for six months. It was defended by heavy 15-inch naval guns and by Royal Air Force squadrons stationed at Tengah Air Base. Winston Churchill touted it as the \"Gibraltar of the East.\" Unfortunately, it was a base without a fleet. The British Home Fleet was stationed in Europe and the plan was for it to sail quickly to Singapore when needed. However, after World War II broke out in 1939, the Fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain. Lieutenant General Sir William George Shedden Dobbie was appointed governor of Singapore and General Officer Commanding Malaya Command on 8 November 1935, holding the post based in The Istana until shortly before the outbreak of World War II in 1939. He was responsible for forming The Dobbie Hypothesis on the fall of Singapore which, had it been heeded, may have prevented the fall of Singapore during the Second World War.", "title": "History of Singapore" }, { "docid": "30863992#0", "text": "Naval Base Subic Bay was a major ship-repair, supply, and rest and recreation facility of the Spanish Navy and subsequently the United States Navy located in Zambales, Philippines. The base was 262 square miles, about the size of Singapore. The Navy Exchange had the largest volume of sales of any exchange in the world, and the Naval Supply Depot handled the largest volume of fuel oil of any navy facility in the world. The naval base was the largest overseas military installation of the United States Armed Forces after Clark Air Base in Angeles City was closed in 1991. Following its closure in 1992, it was transformed into the Subic Bay Freeport Zone by the Philippine government.", "title": "U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay" }, { "docid": "27318#13", "text": "After the First World War, the British built the large Singapore Naval Base as part of the defensive Singapore strategy. Originally announced in 1923, the construction of the base proceeded slowly until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. When completed in 1939, at the very large cost of $500 million, it boasted what was then the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and having enough fuel tanks to support the entire British navy for six months. It was defended by heavy 15-inch naval guns stationed at Fort Siloso, Fort Canning and Labrador, as well as a Royal Air Force airfield at Tengah Air Base. Winston Churchill touted it as the \"Gibraltar of the East\" and military discussions often referred to the base as simply \"East of Suez\". Unfortunately, it was a base without a fleet. The British Home Fleet was stationed in Europe, and the British could not afford to build a second fleet to protect its interests in Asia. The plan was for the Home Fleet to sail quickly to Singapore in the event of an emergency. However, after World War II broke out in 1939, the fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain.", "title": "Singapore" }, { "docid": "3723271#138", "text": "Naval Base San Diego was started on land acquired in 1920. San Diego has become the home port of the largest naval fleet in the world, and includes two supercarriers, as well as U.S. Marine Corps stations, U.S. Navy ports, and U.S. Coast Guard installations. Naval Base San Diego is the largest base of the United States Navy on the west coast of the United States, in San Diego, California. Naval Base San Diego is the principal homeport of the Pacific Fleet, consisting of 54 ships and over 120 tenant commands. The base is composed of 13 piers stretched over of land and of water. The total on base population is 20,000 military personnel and 6,000 civilians.", "title": "Maritime history of California" }, { "docid": "3838015#2", "text": "Originally announced in 1923, the construction of the base proceeded slowly at Sembawang until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. It was completed in 1938, at a staggering cost of £60 million – equivalent to £2½ billion in 2006. The base covered and had what was then the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and enough fuel tanks to support the entire British Navy for six months.", "title": "Singapore Naval Base" }, { "docid": "2070187#124", "text": "Naval Base San Diego was started on land acquired in 1920. It is the largest base of the United States Navy on the west coast of the United States. Naval Base San Diego is the principal homeport of the Pacific Fleet, consisting of 54 ships and over 120 tenant commands. The base is composed of 13 piers stretched over of land and of water. The total on-base population is 20,000 military personnel and 6,000 civilians. San Diego has become the home port of the largest naval fleet in the world, and includes two supercarriers, as well as U.S. Marine Corps stations, United States Navy ports, and U.S. Coast Guard installations.", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "docid": "29378217#3", "text": "Lisbon and the neighbor Tagus estuary has always been the largest and most important naval base of Portugal, since the 12th century. During the Age of Discovery, in the 15th and 16th centuries, Lisbon and the Tagus became the major naval base in the World. It was from this base, that Vasco da Gama set out to discover the sea route to India.", "title": "Lisbon Naval Base" }, { "docid": "10124277#19", "text": "During World War II, the following squadrons were assigned to the airfield:In 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ordered the construction of a naval base in the Atlantic similar to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The site was meant to provide anchorage, docking, repair facilities, fuel, and supplies for 60% of the Atlantic Fleet. The naval base, which was named U.S. Naval Station Roosevelt Roads’ became the largest naval installation in the world in land mass and was meant to be the Pearl Harbor of the Atlantic, however with the defeat of Germany, the United States concentrated all of their efforts to the war in the Pacific. In May 2003, after six decades of existence, the base was officially shut down by the U.S. Navy.", "title": "Puerto Ricans in World War II" } ]

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[ { "docid": "53941569#1", "text": "The first instance of a self-cleaning surface was created in 1995. Paz et al. created a transparent titanium dioxide (TiO) film that was used to coat glass and provide the ability for the glass to self-clean. The first commercial application of this self-cleaning surface, Pilkington Activ, was developed by Pilkington glass in 2001. This product implements a two-stage cleaning process. The first stage consists of photocatalysis of any fouling matter on the glass. This stage is followed by the glass becoming superhydrophilic and allowing water to wash away the catalyzed debris on the surface of the glass. Since the creation of self-cleaning glass, titanium dioxide has also been used to create self-cleaning nanoparticles that can be incorporated into other material surfaces to allow them to self-clean.", "title": "Self-cleaning surfaces" }, { "docid": "2547900#0", "text": "Synthetic setae emulate the setae found on the toes of a gecko and scientific research in this area is driven towards the development of dry adhesives. Geckos have no difficulty mastering vertical walls and are apparently capable of adhering themselves to just about any surface. The 5-toed feet of a gecko are covered with elastic hairs called setae and the ends of these hairs are split into nanoscale structures called spatulae (because of their resemblance to actual spatulas). The sheer abundance and proximity to the surface of these spatulae make it sufficient for van der Waals forces alone to provide the required adhesive strength. Following the discovery of the gecko’s adhesion mechanism in 2002, which is based on van der Waals forces, biomimetic adhesives have become the topic of a major research effort. These developments are poised to yield families of novel adhesive materials with superior properties which are likely to find uses in industries ranging from defense and nanotechnology to healthcare and sport.\nGeckos are renowned for their exceptional ability to stick and run on any vertical and inverted surface (excluding Teflon). However gecko toes are not sticky in the usual way like chemical adhesives. Instead, they can detach from the surface quickly and remain quite clean around everyday contaminants even without grooming.", "title": "Synthetic setae" } ]

[ { "docid": "52297406#1", "text": "The Paradise Cleanseat Power by CWS can be installed on standard toilets with access to power supply and water connection. The cleaning process is executed repeatedly after each use by a sensor or automatically (triggered by flush). The hygiene lock extends out and positions itself on the seat, sprays fresh tap water and the CWS cleaning liquid onto the surface of the toilet seat, which then completely rotates around its axis one time. The wiper made of a highly flexible specialised synthetic material removes any dirt, germs, water and cleaning liquid from the seat surface without leaving any residue. The cleaning process takes approx. 15 seconds, than the hygiene lock retracts to its initial position. It was first introduced in 1993 is manufactured in Switzerland.", "title": "Automatic self-clean toilet seat" }, { "docid": "19667140#2", "text": "In 1982, High Density Plastics launched the first full-size synthetic skating floor under the trade name of Hi Den Ice. The surface was made of interlocking panels of high-density polyethylene which became an ice rink when sprayed with a gliding fluid. The surface needed to be cleaned off and resprayed once a month. In a dry form, the panels were also usable for other indoor sports.", "title": "Synthetic ice" }, { "docid": "733700#1", "text": "The household chore of doing the laundry began to change with the introduction of washing powders in the 1880s. These new laundry products were pulverized soap. New cleaning-product marketing successes, such as the 1890s introduction of the N. K. Fairbank Company's \"Gold Dust Washing Powder\" (which used a breakthrough hydrogenation process in its formulation), and Hudson's heavily advertised product, Rinso, proved that there was a ready market for better cleaning agents. Henkel & Cie's \"self-activating\" (or self bleaching) cleaner, Persil; (introduced in 1907); the early synthetic detergent, BASF's Fewa (introduced in 1932); and Procter & Gamble's 1933 totally synthetic creation, Dreft (marketed for use on infant-wear) —all indicated significant advances in the laundry cleaning product market.", "title": "Tide (brand)" }, { "docid": "11373813#5", "text": "In 2001, Pilkington Glass announced the development of the first self-cleaning windows, Pilkington Activ™, and in the following months several other major glass companies released similar products. As a result, glazing is perhaps the largest commercial application of self-cleaning coatings to date. All of these windows are coated with a thin transparent layer of titanium dioxide. This coating acts to clean the window in two stages, using two distinct properties: photocatalysis and hydrophilicity. In sunlight, photocatalysis causes the coating to chemically break down organic dirt adsorbed onto the window. When the glass is wet by rain or other water, hydrophilicity reduces contact angles to very low values, causing the water to form a thin layer rather than droplets, and this layer washes dirt away.", "title": "Self-cleaning glass" }, { "docid": "2174453#1", "text": "The phenomenon of ultrahydrophobicity was first studied by Dettre and Johnson in 1964 using rough hydrophobic surfaces. Their work developed a theoretical model based on experiments with glass beads coated with paraffin or PTFE telomer. The self-cleaning property of ultrahydrophobic micro-nanostructured surfaces was studied by Wilhelm Barthlott and Ehler in 1977, who described such self-cleaning and ultrahydrophobic properties for the first time as the \"lotus effect\"; perfluoroalkyl and perfluoropolyether ultrahydrophobic materials were developed by Brown in 1986 for handling chemical and biological fluids. Other biotechnical applications have emerged since the 1990s.", "title": "Lotus effect" }, { "docid": "10886#16", "text": "Historically the game developed on natural grass turf. In the early 1970s, \"synthetic grass\" fields began to be used for hockey, with the first Olympic Games on this surface being held at Montreal in 1976. Synthetic pitches are now mandatory for all international tournaments and for most national competitions. While hockey is still played on traditional grass fields at some local levels and lesser national divisions, it has been replaced by synthetic surfaces almost everywhere in the western world. There are three main types of artificial hockey surface:Since the 1970s, sand-based pitches have been favoured as they dramatically speed up the game. However, in recent years there has been a massive increase in the number of \"water-based\" artificial turfs. Water-based synthetic turfs enable the ball to be transferred more quickly than on sand-based surfaces. It is this characteristic that has made them the surface of choice for international and national league competitions. Water-based surfaces are also less abrasive than sand-based surfaces and reduce the level of injury to players when they come into contact with the surface. The FIH are now proposing that new surfaces being laid should be of a hybrid variety which require less watering. This is due to the negative ecological effects of the high water requirements of water-based synthetic fields. It has also been stated that the decision to make artificial surfaces mandatory greatly favoured more affluent countries who could afford these new pitches.", "title": "Field hockey" }, { "docid": "25557394#7", "text": "Wilhelm Barthlott was the first botanist to use high resolution in scanning electron microscopy systematically in the research of biological surfaces since 1970. Most prominent among his results was the discovery of the self-cleaning effect of superhydrophobic micro- and nanostructured surfaces, which were technically realized with the trademark Lotus Effect® from 1998 on. Resulting products are distributed worldwide. The patents and the trademark Lotus Effect® are owned by the company Sto-AG.", "title": "Wilhelm Barthlott" }, { "docid": "42670879#4", "text": "The first synthetic surface to replace dirt in the United States was installed at The Meadows Racetrack and Casino in Washington, Pennsylvania in 1963. This surface, called Tartan, was found to be unsatisfactory and removed and replaced with a traditional limestone surface in 1975.", "title": "Track surface" }, { "docid": "42670879#3", "text": "The first synthetic surface used for thoroughbred racing was Tropical Park's Tartan turf, a synthetic surface similar to Astroturf installed in 1966. Tartan turf was never a success with horsemen.", "title": "Track surface" } ]

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[ { "docid": "16330449#8", "text": "Brooks then made a powerful, well-timed dive and surfaced almost even with his Soviet counterpart Kopliakov. He had drawn level halfway through his leg and made a superior turn to take the lead as they headed home. The Soviet freestyler pulled level with 25 m to go before Brooks sprinted away again to seal an Australian victory by 0.22 s. He did not breathe in the last ten metres, and claimed to be laughing for the final five metres, confident that his opponent could not pass him. Brooks had finished his leg in 49.86 s as he had vowed to his teammates. In doing so, he recorded the fastest freestyle split in the relay, even faster than the individual 100 m freestyle gold medallist, Jörg Woithe of East Germany.", "title": "Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay" } ]

[ { "docid": "2325724#12", "text": "In the individual event, which occurred after the relay, Brooks had come equal first in his heat with eventual bronze medallist Per Johansson from Sweden in a time of 52.11 s. This made him the seventh fastest qualifier for the semi-finals, but he suffered a severe asthma attack and had to be hospitalised. He swam the semi-final regardless, despite having a heart-rate before the start of race of 120, compared to his usual 72. He finished seventh in a time of 52.70 s, which saw him place 14th, missing the final by 0.83 s.", "title": "Neil Brooks" }, { "docid": "2325724#8", "text": "Aged 17, Brooks swam 51.91 s in Perth in January 1980, breaking Tonelli's Australian record in the 100 m freestyle. As a result, he was invited to his first national training camp under Bill Sweetenham for prospective Olympic swimmers. He had the first of his many clashes with sporting administrators, first claiming that the officials did not want him to board with Tonelli's family and then stating that Sweetenham had only coached him two or three times, which he felt was insufficient. Brooks walked out of the camp and returned to Perth to train under Duff. At the Australian Championships, the 100 m was seen as a clash between Tonelli and Brooks. The latter came second in the 100 m freestyle, outsprinted in the dying stages by Tonelli, who reclaimed his national record in a time of 51.80 s. As a result, Brooks was selected in both the individual event and the 4 × 100 m medley relay.", "title": "Neil Brooks" }, { "docid": "2325724#16", "text": "Arriving in Brisbane for the Commonwealth Games, Brooks and some of his fellow sprinters shaved their heads, something that received much attention from the Australian public. He won his heat of the 100 m freestyle in a Commonwealth and Commonwealth Games record of 51.09 s. He swam slower in the final, but his time of 51.14 s was enough to secure the gold medal in a close contest. Just 0.43 s separated him and the bronze and silver medallists Greg Fasala and Michael Delany, both of Australia.", "title": "Neil Brooks" }, { "docid": "2325724#22", "text": "In 1985, Brooks dead-heated with Stockwell in the 100 m freestyle at the Australian Championships, clocking a time of 51.12 s. He then combined with Tom Stachewicz, Paul Lee and Barry Armstrong, as Western Australia won the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay for the first time. Brooks maintained his form and despite not defending his Australian 100 m title, was selected for the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, where he came second to Fasala in the 100 m freestyle in a time of 51.01 s. He claimed gold in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay along with Fasala, Stockwell and Matthew Renshaw, anchoring the quartet in setting a Commonwealth Games record. On the return flight, he consumed 46 cans of beer and was banned for six months after he talked about the incident during a television interview. In his memoirs, Talbot, a non-drinker, cited Brooks and his Mean Machine teammates as being one of the biggest proponents of a hard-drinking culture that had permeated the Australian swimming scene at the time. In particular, he singled out Brooks as being a focal point of disruptive activity during his time at the Australian Institute of Sport. Talbot sees alcohol as the main reason behind the collapse of Australia's standing in the swimming world in the 1970s and the subsequent prolonged period of international uncompetitiveness in the 1980s.", "title": "Neil Brooks" }, { "docid": "2850265#26", "text": "A faster lap was recorded at Mount Panorama in March 2011 but as it was not achieved during a race it does not count as a record. As part of publicity for the 2011 Australian Grand Prix, McLaren provided a MP4-23 Formula One car for Jenson Button and Craig Lowndes. Button recorded a time of 1:48.88.\nThe fastest lap of the pre-1987 circuit was a 2:09.7 set by Formula 5000 driver Neil Allen in 1970 driving a McLaren M10B-Chevrolet.", "title": "Mount Panorama Circuit" }, { "docid": "2325724#7", "text": "During the 1976–77 season, Brooks came to prominence as a possible Australian representative sprinter. He broke six records in winning two events at the 1977 Western Australian Championships. He swam the 100 m freestyle in 56.56 s, breaking the state records for 14-, 15-, and 16-year-olds, before repeating the achievement in the 200 m backstroke. Still aged 14, he competed at his second Australian Championships and came fourth in the 100 m freestyle. In 1978, he came third in the 100 m freestyle and missed selection for the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Canada by 0.03 s. He spent the rest of the year training and studying accounting at Leederville Technical College. During the year, Brooks set Australian age group records in the 200 m individual medley, the 200 m backstroke and the 100 m freestyle. At the inaugural Australian Short Course Championships in Launceston, Tasmania in 1979, he won silver in the 200 m individual medley and bronze in the 100 m freestyle. His performances earned him selection in the Australian team for the first time, competing in the FINA Swimming World Cup event in Tokyo in April 1979, aged 16 years and nine months.", "title": "Neil Brooks" }, { "docid": "20534689#15", "text": "In 1967 two Venom Thruxton motorcycles, ridden by Neil Kelly and Keith Heckles gained first and second places in the \"Production TT\", a category for road-based machines with limited controlled-modifications first staged at the Isle of Man in that year; Kelly also recorded the fastest lap at 91 mph. Prepared by Reg Orpin, workshop manager at London Velocette dealer L.Stevens, the winning motorcycle was far from standard, for as well as being in Thruxton trim, the valve gear included titanium tips to the pushrods and valve caps. A Norton Manx piston had been specially engineered at Velocette's Hall Green Workshops, and it had cam followers on needle rollers as well as light alloy timing wheels. It was nearly all for nothing, however, as Kelly failed to start and the rest of the field left him struggling to kick start the Venom. Orpin managed to start it just in time, and despite his poor start, Neil Kelly caught up with the other riders within three miles and went on to win the 500 cc class, recording 121 mph as he passed the Highlander speed trap.", "title": "Velocette Venom" }, { "docid": "38058423#1", "text": "Versfield swam collegiately for the Georgia Bulldogs at the University of Georgia (UGA). As a UGA senior in 2008, he won an individual national championship in the 200-yard breaststroke at the NCAA Championships by swimming the fastest time in the history of the event (1:51.40). At UGA, Versfeld was a seven-time All-American and graduated as the team record-holder in the 100-yard breaststroke, 200-yard breaststroke, 200-yard medley relay and 400-yard medley relay.", "title": "Neil Versfeld" }, { "docid": "24013359#2", "text": "Demus and Moroşanu recorded the fastest times on the first day of the competition, which saw no surprise eliminations. Kaliese Spencer was the third fastest, making her seem a possible finalist. Reigning Olympic champion Walker was the fastest in the semi-finals, with Lucas the second fastest in a national record time. Spencer, winner of the second race, was initially disqualified but was reinstated upon review. Amaka Ogoegbunam, a Nigerian athlete, tested positive for metenolone (an anabolic steroid) after the semi-finals, becoming the second athlete of the competition to fail a drugs test after Jamel Chatbi.", "title": "2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 400 metres hurdles" }, { "docid": "10254889#1", "text": "Chambon won the 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube event at the 2005 French Open, in what was only his second tournament. In the first round of this tournament, he broke the European Record for the fastest average time. Later that year he finished second in the World Championships. A series of top-four finishes followed before he broke the World Record for the fastest solve at the Belgian Open in 2007. Chambon broke the world record in the first round with a 10.36 seconds solve. However, he was then beaten by Thibaut Jacquinot in the final. In 2008, he regained his world record with a time of 9.18 seconds. His record was broken again by Yu Nakajima, who set an average of 11.28 seconds and a best time of 8.72 on May 4, 2008 at Kawashi Open 2008.", "title": "Édouard Chambon" } ]

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[ { "docid": "151419#51", "text": "The \"Dao De Jing\" (\"Tao-Te-Ching,\" c. 4th century BCE), traditionally attributed to Laozi, and the \"Nan Hua Jing\" (\"Zhuang Zi\") are considered the key texts of the tradition. The first organized form of Taoism, the Tianshi (Celestial Masters') school arose in the 2nd century CE. Xuanxue (\"deep learning\", also \"Neo-Taoism\") was a major philosophical movement influenced by Confucian scholarship, which focused on the interpretation of the \"Yijing,\" \"Daodejing,\" and \"Zhuangzi\" and which flourished during the third to sixth centuries CE. The most important philosophers of this movement were He Yan, Wang Bi, the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, Ge Hong and Guo Xiang. Thinkers like He Yan and Wang Bi focused on the deep nature of Tao, which they saw as being best exemplified by the term \"Wu\" (nothingness, non-being, negativity).", "title": "Eastern philosophy" } ]

[ { "docid": "326595#1", "text": "He left a very rich corpus of philosophical and theological works that reveals influence from the works of Ibn Sīnā, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī and al-Ghazali. Two of his works titled \"Mabāhith al-mashriqiyya fī ‘ilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa-'l-tabi‘iyyāt\" (\"Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics\") and \"al-Matālib al-‘Aliya\" (\"The Higher Issues\") are usually regarded as his most important philosophical works.", "title": "Fakhr al-Din al-Razi" }, { "docid": "12108#169", "text": "Aristotle of Stagira, the most important disciple of Plato, shared with his teacher the title of the greatest philosopher of antiquity. But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience. Except from these three most significant Greek philosophers other known schools of Greek philosophy from other founders during ancient times were Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism and Neoplatonism.", "title": "Greece" }, { "docid": "151419#64", "text": "Recent attempts to incorporate Western philosophy into Eastern thought include the Kyoto School of philosophers, who combined the phenomenology of Husserl with the insights of Zen Buddhism. Watsuji Tetsurô, a 20th-century Japanese philosopher attempted to combine the works of Søren Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Heidegger with Eastern philosophies. Some have claimed that there is also a definite eastern element within Heidegger's philosophy. For the most part this is not made explicit within Heidegger's philosophy, apart from in the dialogue between a Japanese and inquirer. Heidegger did spend time attempting to translate the Tao Te Ching into German, working with his Chinese student Paul Hsaio. It has also been claimed that much of Heidegger's later philosophy, particularly the sacredness of Being, bears a distinct similarity to Taoist ideas. There are clear parallels between Heidegger and the work of Kyoto School, and ultimately, it may be read that Heidegger's philosophy is an attempt to 'turn eastwards' in response to the crisis in Western civilization. However, this is only an interpretation.", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "docid": "3657390#44", "text": "During the Middle Ages, philosophy itself was in many places seen as opposed to the prevailing monotheistic religions, Islam, Christianity and Judaism. The strongest philosophical tradition for some centuries was amongst Islamic philosophers, who later came to strongly influence the late medieval philosophers of western Christendom, and the Jewish diaspora in the Mediterranean area. While there were earlier Muslim philosophers such as Al Kindi, chronologically the three most influential concerning the intellect were Al Farabi, Avicenna, and finally Averroes, a westerner who lived in Spain and was highly influential in the late Middle Ages amongst Jewish and Christian philosophers.", "title": "Nous" }, { "docid": "1367068#8", "text": "One of the most important early Jewish philosophers influenced by Islamic philosophy is Saadia Gaon (892-942). His most important work is \"Emunoth ve-Deoth\" (Book of Beliefs and Opinions). In this work Saadia treats of the questions that interested the Motekallamin so deeply—such as the creation of matter, the unity of God, the divine attributes, the soul, etc. — and he criticizes the philosophers severely.", "title": "Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)" }, { "docid": "195973#43", "text": "\"One of the most important early Jewish philosophers influenced by Islamic philosophy is Rav Saadia Gaon (892–942). His most important work is Emunoth ve-Deoth (Book of Beliefs and Opinions). In this work Saadia treats of the questions that interested the Mutakallimun so deeply—such as the creation of matter, the unity of God, the divine attributes, the soul, etc.—and he criticizes the philosophers severely.\"", "title": "Islamic–Jewish relations" }, { "docid": "2241273#8", "text": "Many of the Eastern philosophers worked out their thought in poetical fashion. Some of the important names include:Notable Western philosophical poets include:Some philosophers have undertaken to write philosophy in the form of fiction, including novels and short stories (see separate article on philosophical fiction). This is apparent early on in the literature of philosophy, where philosophers such as Plato wrote dialogues in which fictional or fictionalized characters discuss philosophical subjects; Socrates frequently appears as a protagonist in Plato's dialogues, and the dialogues are one of the prime sources of knowledge about Socrates' teaching, though at this remove it is sometimes hard to distinguish Socrates' actual positions from Plato's own. Numerous early Christian writers, including Augustine, Boethius, and Peter Abelard produced dialogues; several early modern philosophers, such as George Berkeley and David Hume, wrote occasionally in this genre.", "title": "Philosophy and literature" }, { "docid": "37103142#7", "text": "Heller was born in 1929. It is well known that she is the most prominent philosopher and aesthetician from Budapest School, and one of the most representative critical theorists from Eastern European Neo-Marxists. She has published more than forty books on social theory, the theory of history, the philosophy of ethics and moral and political philosophy. Since 1990s, she has been paying more attention to issues of aesthetics.Fehér wrote an important book called Paradoxical poet in the early 1970s under the influence of Georg Lukács's The Theory of the Novel, and later published some writings about aesthetics and political philosophy with Agnes Heller in Australia and the U.S. He died in 1994.", "title": "Budapest School (Lukács)" }, { "docid": "30328582#17", "text": "During the 1930s, Georges Florovsky undertook extensive researches in European libraries and wrote his most important works in the area of patristics as well as his magnum opus, \"Ways of Russian Theology\". In this massive work, he questioned the Western influences of scholasticism, pietism, and idealism on Russian theology and called for a re-evaluation of Russian theology in the light of patristic writings. One of his most prominent critics was Nikolai Berdyaev, the religious philosopher and social critic.", "title": "History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century" } ]

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[ { "docid": "2269463#4", "text": "The first full-scale thermonuclear test was carried out by the United States in 1952; the concept has since been employed by most of the world's nuclear powers in the design of their weapons. The design of all modern thermonuclear weapons in the United States is known as the \"Teller–Ulam configuration\" for its two chief contributors, Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam, who developed it in 1951 for the United States, with certain concepts developed with the contribution of physicist John von Neumann. Similar devices were developed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, and China.", "title": "Thermonuclear weapon" }, { "docid": "242883#32", "text": "The notion of using a fission weapon to ignite a process of nuclear fusion can be dated back to 1942. At the first major theoretical conference on the development of an atomic bomb hosted by J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley, participant Edward Teller directed the majority of the discussion towards Enrico Fermi's idea of a \"Super\" bomb that would use the same reactions that powered the Sun itself.", "title": "History of nuclear weapons" } ]

[ { "docid": "14458973#17", "text": "The United States Atomic Energy Commission, directed by David E. Lilienthal until 1950, was in charge of designing and building nuclear weapons. The policy was 100% civilian control. The U.S. had only 9 atomic bombs in 1946, but the stockpile grew to 650 by 1951. Lilienthal wanted to give high priority to peaceful uses, especially nuclear power plants, but coal was cheap and the power industry was not interested. Construction of the first nuclear plant would not begin until 1954. In early 1950, Truman authorized the development of thermonuclear weapons, a more powerful version of atomic bombs. Truman's decision to develop thermonuclear weapons faced opposition from many liberals and some government officials, but Truman believed that the Soviet Union would likely develop the weapons, and he was unwilling to allow the Soviets to have such an advantage. The first test of thermonuclear weaponry was conducted by the United States in 1952, and the Soviet Union performed its own thermonuclear test in August 1953.", "title": "Presidency of Harry S. Truman" }, { "docid": "2269463#43", "text": "The Soviet thermonuclear weapons program was aided heavily by Klaus Fuchs. Fuchs’ most valuable contribution to the Soviet weapons program concerned the hydrogen bomb. The idea of a hydrogen bomb arose from discussions between Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller in 1941. From 1943 Teller lectured at Los Alamos on what he called the \"super\". Following their meeting, Fermi was convinced by Teller to present a series of lectures detailing the current state of research into thermonuclear weapons. In September 1945 Fuchs passed a synopsis of these lectures to the Soviets. This information was important to the Soviets, but not solely for the information about the US bomb project. The importance of this material was in that it confirmed that the United States were working on their own thermonuclear weapon research. Although the information provided by Fuchs regarding the thermonuclear weapons research was not seen as entirely beneficial, it still provided the Soviet Union with knowledge such as the properties of tritium. Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons, which allows for more efficient fusion reactions to occur during the detonation of a nuclear weapon. Discovering the properties of this radioactive material would allow the Soviet Union to develop a more powerful weapon that requires less fuel. Following Fuchs's return, experts from the Soviet Union spent a great deal of time researching his findings for themselves. Even though the Soviets did obtain some original ideas, the findings of this research served to confirm Fuchs's notes from the American lectures on the matter. After his return to England in mid-1946, Fuchs was not again in touch with Soviet intelligence until September 1947, when his controller confirmed the Soviet interest in thermonuclear weapons. In response Fuchs provided details of the \"ongoing theoretical superbomb studies in the U.S. under the direction of Teller and Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago.\" Fuchs obtained information regardless of the American McMahon Act, which prevented Anglo-American cooperation on nuclear weapons research. Under this act, Fuchs did not have routine access to American collaborators like Fermi and Teller. Fuchs was very close to Teller at Los Alamos, and while there Fuchs had worked on thermonuclear weapons. As Teller later recalled, \"he [Fuchs] talked with me and others frequently in depth about our intensive efforts… it was easy and pleasant to discuss my work with him. He also made impressive contributions, and I learned many technical facts from him.\" Fuchs obtained the information, it energized the Soviets to direct new intelligence activities against research in Chicago. In February 1948 the Soviet Union formally began its hydrogen bomb program. A month later Fuchs again met with Feklisov, an event which \"played an exceptional role in the subsequent course of the Soviet thermonuclear bomb program.\" A report of June 1953 warned that, although no indication of Soviet development of hydrogen bombs had been found, \"Soviet research, development and even field testing of thermonuclear reactions based on the disclosures of Fuchs may take place by mid-1953.\" U.S. intelligence thus recognized for the first time that Fuchs' material held invaluable information for the Soviet thermonuclear weapons program.", "title": "Thermonuclear weapon" }, { "docid": "52018264#17", "text": "A New Weapons Committee was established at Aldermaston on 15 October 1951 to examine improvements to their atomic bombs. John Corner, the head of the theoretical group at Aldermaston, suggested producing a device in the \"megaton range\"—one with a yield of or more. In this he was thinking not of a thermonuclear weapon, but of a large fission one. The idea was not pursued at that time, because the RAF wanted more, not bigger, atomic bombs. Meeting in Bermuda in December 1953 with Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had replaced Truman as president earlier that year, Churchill told him that the RAF had reckoned that fission bombs would be sufficient for most targets, and therefore that Britain had no intention of developing hydrogen bombs.\nOn 12 and 19 March 1954, Penney briefed the Gen 475 Committee meetings, attended by the Chiefs of Staff, senior officials from the Ministry of Defence and Foreign Office, and Sir Edwin Plowden, about recent developments in thermonuclear weapons. Sir Frederick Brundrett, the chairman of the Chiefs of Staff's Working Party on the Operational Use of Atomic Weapons (OAW), then asked Penney on 25 May for a working paper for an OAW meeting on 31 May. In turn, OAW sent a report to the Chiefs of Staff, who recommended that the United Kingdom develop its own thermonuclear weapons. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor, the First Sea Lord, recalled that:", "title": "British hydrogen bomb programme" }, { "docid": "2269463#58", "text": "The French nuclear testing site was moved to the unpopulated French atolls in the Pacific Ocean. The first test conducted at these new sites was the \"Canopus\" test in the Fangataufa atoll in French Polynesia on 24 August 1968, the country's first multistage thermonuclear weapon test. The bomb was detonated from a balloon at a height of 520 meters. The result of this test was significant atmospheric contamination. Very little is known about France's development of the Teller–Ulam design, beyond the fact that France detonated a 2.6 Mt device in the 'Canopus\" test. France reportedly had great difficulty with its initial development of the Teller-Ulam design, but it later overcame these, and is believed to have nuclear weapons equal in sophistication to the other major nuclear powers.", "title": "Thermonuclear weapon" }, { "docid": "441642#2", "text": "In July 1954, the Cabinet decided to develop the hydrogen bomb. The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston produced three designs: Orange Herald, a large boosted fission weapon; Green Bamboo, an interim thermonuclear design; and Green Granite, a true thermonuclear weapon. The first test series consisted of three tests in May and June 1957. In the first, Grapple 1, a version of Green Granite known as Short Granite was dropped from a Vickers Valiant bomber flown by Wing Commander Kenneth Hubbard. The bomb's yield was estimated at , far below its designed capability. Despite its failure, the test was hailed as a successful thermonuclear explosion, and the government did not confirm or deny reports that the UK had become a third thermonuclear power. The second test was Grapple 2, of Orange Herald. Its yield made it technically a megaton weapon. It was the largest ever achieved by a single stage device. Grapple 3 tested Purple Granite, a Short Granite with some fixes. Its yield was a very disappointing .", "title": "Operation Grapple" }, { "docid": "5368490#1", "text": "In 1953, shortly after the Americans tested a thermonuclear weapon in 1952, followed by the Soviets with Joe 4, and before the UK government took a decision in July 1954 to develop a thermonuclear weapon, the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston was asked about the possibilities for a very large pure fission bomb with a yield of one megaton. This study referred to the Zodiak Mk.3 bomb, but progressed no further than a rudimentary study. At this time studies were also started that ultimately led to a decision in 1954 to develop a thermonuclear weapon, and the design studies were split into two tracks because the British at that time had not yet discovered the Teller-Ulam technique necessary to initiate fusion. One track led to an intermediate design, the so-called Type A thermonuclear design, similar to the Alarm Clock and layer cake hybrid designs of other nuclear powers; although these designs are now regarded as large boosted fission weapons, and no longer regarded as thermonuclear weapons that derive a very large part of their energy from a fusion reaction, designated by the British as Type B, but as hybrids. The British hybrid weapon was known as Green Bamboo, weighed approx 4,500 lb (2,045 kg) and its spherical shape measured approx 45 inches diameter with a 72-point implosion system. This Green Bamboo weapon was intended as the warhead for all projected British strategic delivery systems of the period; the Yellow Sun Stage 1 air-dropped bomb, and the Blue Steel air-launched stand-off missile. The large girth of these weapons was designed to accommodate the diameter of Green Bamboo's implosion sphere.", "title": "Violet Club" }, { "docid": "58901579#2", "text": "On 10 June 1948, Tamm headed a new group of theorists which included Andrei Sakharov, Vitaly Ginzburg, S.Z. Belenky and Romanov. They followed up Sakharov's ideas for a new thermonuclear weapon and went to KB-11 (now the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics) in the closed city of Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod. He started as a junior researcher, then senior, then head of department. In 1952, he received a degree in Physical and Mathematical Sciences with a thesis on kinetic processes of neutrons. This work on neutrons and efficiency continued, along with calculations on nuclear reaction kinetics and energy release of the Soviet Union's first thermonuclear weapon, the RDS-6, tested in 1953; for this he was awarded the Stalin Prize, the first of several awards. He was a leading developer of the RDS-37 - the first Soviet two-stage thermonuclear weapon - most specifically concerned with the power output. Romanov transferred to the new Scientific Research Institute-1011 as head of the theoretical department in 1955. Two years later, his team had developed a new megatonne-yield bomb design. He gained a Ph.D. in Physical and Mathematical Sciences in 1958 and was appointed to professorship of theoretical physics in 1962.", "title": "Yuri Romanov (physicist)" }, { "docid": "32781989#12", "text": "McCormack became involved in discussions with Edward Teller over the possibility of developing thermonuclear weapons, then known as the \"Super\". McCormack became an early advocate of the Super, which promised yields in the megaton range, and directed Norris Bradbury at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to proceed with its development even at the detriment of other weapons. The debate over the merits of the Super pitted the United States Air Force against the other services, which wanted more small, tactical weapons. Concurrently, there was a technical debate between Teller and other scientists like Robert Oppenheimer over the feasibility of the Super, because there was no guarantee that it would work, and even after Operation Greenhouse, the processes involved in thermonuclear reactions were not fully understood. It ultimately became apparent that the Super design would not work, but the development of the Teller-Ulam design provided a new path to high yield thermonuclear weapons. For his services as Director of Military Applications, McCormack was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.", "title": "James McCormack" }, { "docid": "12295421#0", "text": "Test No. 6 is the codename for China's first test of a three-staged thermonuclear device and, also its sixth nuclear weapons test. The device was detonated at Lop Nur Test Base, or often dubbed as Lop Nur Nuclear Weapon Test Base, in Malan, Xinjiang, on 17 June 1967. With successful testing of this three-stage thermonuclear device, China became the fourth country to have successfully developed a thermonuclear weapon after the United States, Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. It was dropped from a Hong-6 (Chinese manufactured Tu-16) and was parachute-retarded for an airburst at 2960 meters. The bomb was a three-stage device with a boosted U-235 primary and U-238 pusher. The yield was 3.3 megatons.", "title": "Test No. 6" } ]

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[ { "docid": "60140#31", "text": "Neither a cure for SS nor a specific treatment is known to permanently restore gland secretion. Instead, treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive.", "title": "Sjögren syndrome" } ]

[]

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[ { "docid": "124989#0", "text": "Mahwah is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 25,890. The population increased by 1,828 (+7.6%) from the 24,062 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 6,157 (+34.4%) from the 17,905 counted in the 1990 Census. The name \"Mahwah\" is derived from the Lenape word \"\"mawewi\"\" which means \"Meeting Place\" or \"Place Where Paths Meet\".", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" } ]

[ { "docid": "124989#32", "text": "As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 15,168 registered voters in Mahwah Township, of which 3,410 (22.5% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 4,349 (28.7% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 7,399 (48.8% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 58.6% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 73.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "43673658#9", "text": "When the matter became generally known in mid-July, there was what local reporter Tom Nobile called a \"firestorm of opposition\" from local residents, with some expressing concerns that the eruv would allow Orthodox communities in Rockland County to expand into New Jersey. Groups formed on social media, including one named Mahwah Strong, in opposition to the eruv. Mahwah Strong claimed 3,000 members within days; a founder, Robert Ferguson, stated that his group would act as a check and balance to ensure the township enforced its laws, and noted, \"I don't view this as a hostile takeover of the town.\" Two hundred people gathered in a Mahwah park on July 22 to support the eruv's removal. An online petition to \"Protect the Quality of Our Community in Mahwah\", initiated by former township council member John Roth, reached 1,200 names before being taken down due to what Roth called inappropriate comments, made by some signers. Similarly, Mahwah Strong lost its Facebook page following an influx of comments deemed \"hateful\".", "title": "2017–18 Bergen County eruv controversy" }, { "docid": "124989#3", "text": "The Lenape and ancestral indigenous peoples were the original inhabitants of Mahwah (the meeting place) and surrounding area. Their descendants have combined with other Native Americans and ethnicities and were recognized in 1980 by the state as the Ramapough Mountain Indians. They number approximately 5,000 people living around the Ramapo Mountains of northern New Jersey and southern New York. The tribe is officially recognized by New Jersey, but does not have federal recognition. Their tribal office is located on Stag Hill Road in Mahwah, and the Chief of the Ramapough Lenape Indian Nation is Dwaine Perry (as of March 2007).", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#20", "text": "As of the 2000 United States Census there were 24,062 people, 9,340 households, and 6,285 families residing in the township. The population density was 927.9 people per square mile (358.3/km²). There were 9,577 housing units at an average density of 369.3 per square mile (142.6/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 87.93% White, 2.16% African American, 0.70% Native American, 6.31% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.50% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.27% of the population.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#22", "text": "In the township the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#23", "text": "The median income for a household in the township was $79,500, and the median income for a family was $94,484. Males had a median income of $62,326 versus $42,527 for females. The per capita income for the township was $44,709. About 1.2% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#18", "text": "The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $92,971 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,209) and the median family income was $107,977 (+/- $7,049). Males had a median income of $85,873 (+/- $6,728) versus $54,111 (+/- $3,935) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $53,375 (+/- $3,851). About 2.2% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#19", "text": "Same-sex couples headed 49 households in 2010, an increase from the 27 counted in 2000.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" }, { "docid": "124989#21", "text": "There were 9,340 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.01.", "title": "Mahwah, New Jersey" } ]

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