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1,477,468,750,881 | arxiv | \section{\textit{Introduction}}
High end cosmological observations of the Supernova of type Ia (SN
Ia), WMAP, etc.,
\cite{1,1a,2,2a,3,3a,3b,3c,3d,3e,3f,4,4a,4b,4c,4d,4e,5,6} suggest
the fact that the universe may be accelerating lately again after
the early phase. Many theories are formulated to explain this lat... |
1,477,468,750,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Whether or not quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium can be understood in terms of well-defined phases of matter is a central question in condensed matter physics. The lack of universal principles, such as those governing equilibrium systems \cite{Chandler:1987,Goldenfeld:2018}, makes the... |
1,477,468,750,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Exoplanets discoveries thus far have been dominated by indirect techniques, mostly due to the success of the radial velocity (RV) and transit techniques. Prior to the discoveries of the Kepler mission \citep{borucki2010a,borucki2016}, the majority of exoplanets were discovered usin... |
1,477,468,750,884 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Following the discovery of high--temperature superconductivity
in the ceramic copper oxides, novel purely electronic pairing
mechanisms due to the strong Coulomb correlations within the $\rm
CuO_2$ planes have been investigated in detail.
Recently, however, it has become clear that the lattice d... |
1,477,468,750,885 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Centraliser clones are collections of homomorphisms of finite powers of
algebras into themselves. That is, if $\alg{A}$ is an algebra and $F$ is
the set of fundamental operations of~$\alg{A}$, then the
centraliser~$\cent{F}$ of~$F$ is the set
$\bigcup_{n<\omega} \Hom\apply{\alg{A}^n,\alg{A}}$. F... |
1,477,468,750,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All graphs in this paper are undirected, finite and simple. We refer
to the book \cite{bondy} for graph theoretic notation and
terminology not described here. For any graph $G$ of order $n$, the
\emph{spanning tree packing number} or \emph{$STP$ number}, denoted
by $\sigma=\sigma(G)$, is the... |
1,477,468,750,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To provide ubiquitous connectivity among tens of billions devices, the internet-of-things (IoT) is envisaged as one of the key technology trends for the fifth generation (5G) system~\cite{8030485}. Under the IoT paradigm, the low-cost devices can automatically communication with each other withou... |
1,477,468,750,888 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The role played by helicity in turbulent flows is not completely
understood. Helicity is relevant in many atmospheric processes, such
as rotating convective (supercell) thunderstorms, the predictability
of which may be enhanced because of its presence \cite{heli}.
However helicity, which is a con... |
1,477,468,750,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The new generation of highly sensitive X-ray observatories such as
Chandra and XMM-Newton is generating large volumes of X-ray data,
which through public archives are made available for all
researchers. Even though all observations are targeting a particular
object, the l... |
1,477,468,750,890 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Free probability has received much attention since its discovery as
an algebraic structure for noncommuting op\-e\-ra\-tors.\cite{Voiculescu1985}
Subsequently, it has found a place in combinatorics with the deep
relationship between free cumulants and noncrossing partitions.\cite{Nica2006a,Nova... |
1,477,468,750,891 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\subsection{$G$-corks.}
{\it Cork} $(C,g)$ is a pair of a compact contractible (Stein\footnote{This condition is included in some original papers by Akbulut et.al., for example \cite{AK}}) 4-manifold $C$ and a diffeomorphism $g$ on the boundary $\partial C$
that $g$ cannot extend to... |
1,477,468,750,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the increasing interest in deploying relays in 4th
generation mobile networks, multi-user multi-hop systems
have drawn substantial research attention. In
spite of the rapid advances in the understanding of
single-hop networks, our knowledge on how to deal with inter-user
interference... |
1,477,468,750,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, a wide range of methodological developments on FPGAs
{\color{black} aim at combining} the performance of an ASIC implementation
with the flexibility of software realizations. One important development
is partial runtime reconfiguration, which allows overcoming... |
1,477,468,750,894 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) play an important role in galaxy evolution. Recent studies indicate that the outflow is regulated by the accretion process (Sulentic et al. 2000; Leighly \& Moore 2004; Richards et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2011; Marziani \& Sulentic 2012).
By carrying away a... |
1,477,468,750,895 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Harmonic Hyperspherical (HH) method is extensively used in the description
of few-body systems. For example the HH method has been applied to describe
bound states of $A=3,4$ nuclei (for a recent review see
Refs.~\cite{kievsky:1997_few-bodysyst,kievsky:2008_j.phys.g}). In these applications... |
1,477,468,750,896 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Rotating neutron stars are the main candidates for sources of persistent, periodic
gravitational radiation detectable by ground-based, long-baseline
gravitational wave interferometers. Time varying quadrupole moments in (and
thus gravitational-wave emission from) these sources can result from
d... |
1,477,468,750,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For about a century, three main research fields have taken an interest in the various space plasma environments found around the Sun. On the one hand, two of them, namely planetary science and solar physics, have been exploring the solar system, to understand the functionin... |
1,477,468,750,898 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{01-introduction}
\section{Related Work}
\input{02-related-work}
\section{Annotation Study}
\input{03-annotation-study}
\section{Methodology}
\input{04-methodology}
\section{Experiments}
\input{05-experiments}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{06-conclusion}
\section*{Acknowledgment}
This w... |
1,477,468,750,899 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The present work is part of an
ongoing project \cite{Dunne2016:NewPerspective,Dunne2017:OnTheStructure} to
marry conceptually the monoidal approach to quantum
theory initiated by Abramsky and Coecke
\cite{AbramskyCoecke2004:CategoricalSemantics},
and the topos a... |
1,477,468,750,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Backward stochastic differential equations (in short BSDE's) were first
introduced by Bismut in 1973 in the paper \cite{Bismut:73} as equation for the
adjoint process in the stochastic version of Pontryagin maximum principle. In
1990, Pardoux and Peng \cite{Pardoux/Peng:90} generalized and ... |
1,477,468,750,901 | arxiv | \section{}
\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
\section{System Model}\label{sec:model}
Consider that a system administrator needs to protect all secret information in the system. The administrator desires to do so in such a way that every secret is protected with at least a certain number of protections and these pro... |
1,477,468,750,902 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
A holomorphic vector bundle $H$ on ${\mathbb C}\times M$, $M$ a complex
manifold, with a meromorphic connection $\nabla$ with a
pole of Poincar\'e rank 1 along $\{0\}\times M$ and no pole
elsewhere, is called a~$(TE)$-structure.
The aim of this paper is the local classification of all rank $2$
$(... |
1,477,468,750,903 | arxiv | \subsection{The surface of revolution}
Suppose we are given a surface of revolution $M$ in ${\R}^{m+2}$
with $m \geq 1$. Using the coordinates $(x,y) \in {\R}^{m+2} = {\R}^1\times{\R}^{m+1}$, $M$ is represented as
\begin{equation}
y = f(x)\omega, \quad \omega \in \S^{m}, \quad x\in I = [0,x_0],
\end{equation}
w... |
1,477,468,750,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many mathematical models are described by non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It is therefore important to be able to visualise solutions to these equations, and study how their dynamic behaviour changes when parameter values are modified. The theory of bifurcation analysis provide... |
1,477,468,750,905 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of random walks as a tool in
mathematical physics is now well established and they have been for
example widely used in classical statistical mechanics to study critical phenomena
\cite{FFS}. Analogous methods in
quantum statistical mechanics require the study of random walks on orie... |
1,477,468,750,906 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The high complexity of biological systems has encouraged during the last decades extensive inter-disciplinary research comprising biology and other fields of science such as computer science, mathematics, physics and chemistry. This interdisciplinary approach to biology resulted in a new field o... |
1,477,468,750,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural network derived word embeddings are dense numerical representations of words that are able to capture semantic and syntactic information\cite{mikolov2013distributed}. Word embedding models are calculated by capturing word relatedness\cite{hou2018enhanced} in a corpus as derived from contex... |
1,477,468,750,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observational studies have shown that magnetic fields
are present at all scales where star formation processes are at work, permeating molecular clouds, prestellar cores and protostellar envelopes
\citep[e.g.,][]{Girart2006, Alves2014, Zhang2014, Soler2019}. While magnetized models... |
1,477,468,750,909 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The ability to compute observables at arbitrary values of coupling constant(s) is crucial to understand and test a model. In the context of string theory and AdS/CFT this is very hard for backgrounds that are supported by Ramond-Ramond (RR) fluxes. In some cases, howeve... |
1,477,468,750,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Upon deformation, amorphous materials behave as solids when the applied shear stress is lower than the yield stress and start to flow when this threshold is exceeded.
In the limit of very slow shear rate and at low temperature, the stress response becomes very jerky as seen for instance in bulk... |
1,477,468,750,911 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment(s)}
|
1,477,468,750,912 | arxiv | \section*{Computational Details}
Geometry optimizations of the anion rings were performed
using the program package Gaussian16\cite{g16short} with the
PBE0\cite{adamo1999toward} density functional theory method
and a def2-TZVP basis set. After eliminating
unconverged, non-planar and acyclic structures,
the result... |
1,477,468,750,913 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the growing amount of biomedical information available in the textual form, there has been considerable interest in applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques and machine learning (ML) methods to the biomedical literature~\cite{huang2015community,leaman2016taggerone,singhal2016te... |
1,477,468,750,914 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors are grateful to S\~{a}o Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (\#2013/07375-0, \#2014/12236-1, \#2017/25908-6, and \#2019/07825-1, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (\#307066/2017-7, and \#427968/2018-6), and Petrobras (\#2017/00285-6).
\... |
1,477,468,750,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theoretical basis of NPRG was formulated by K.G.Wilson in
1970's.\cite{wk} After that, several types of `exact' renormalization group
equations were derived and have been applied to various quantum
systems. Although those equations are exact, we can not
solve them without any approximation in... |
1,477,468,750,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Double stars are those stars which, seen through the telescope,
present themselves as two points of light. Some of these are
physically associated with each other and are true bona fide
{\it binary stars}, while others are chance alignments. While these
$``$optical doubles" may prove t... |
1,477,468,750,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
High-energy particle collisions such as those produced in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN can result in the production of massive particles (e.g.\ $W$/$Z$/$H$ bosons and top quarks) with large Lorentz boosts. When such particles decay, their decay products become collimat... |
1,477,468,750,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Accurate trajectory prediction of road users in the near future is a crucial task in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) \cite{goldhammer2013early,hashimoto2015probabilistic,koehler2013stationary}, autonomous driving \cite{franke1998autonomous,ferguson2008detection,l... |
1,477,468,750,919 | arxiv | \subsection{Problem Statement}
We will first define the system model studied throughout this paper.
\begin{definition}[Control System]
$\ $ A state feedback control system $\Psi(X, U, f, \K)$ consists
of a plant, a controller over
$X \subseteq \reals^n$ and $U \subseteq \reals^m$.
\begin{compactenum}
\item $X \subsete... |
1,477,468,750,920 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, a variety of experiments has been devoted to explore
the spin-dependent phenomena in hard processes.
Especially, experiments
with transvesely polarized hadrons have opened a new window to study
rich structure of perturbative/nonperturbative dynamics of QCD
associated with th... |
1,477,468,750,921 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
We have investigated various corrections that would occur for a specific rapid-cycle Thouless pumping protocol inside a one-dimensional optical lattice. Firstly, it was shown that the finite-sized corrections to an integer pumped charge decay exponentially with the size of the system, as seen in F... |
1,477,468,750,922 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{SS1}
\label{intro}
The Riemann zeta function for ${\rm Re}(s)>1$ is defined by the
series
$$
\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^s}={}\sb {s+1}F\sb
s\left(\left.\atop{1,\ldots,1}{2,\ldots,2}\right|1\right),
$$
where
$$
{}\sb pF\sb q\left(\left.\atop{a_1,\ldots,
a_p}{b_1,\ld... |
1,477,468,750,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} abundance of bandwidth in the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum enables gigabit-per-second data rates for cellular systems and local area networks \cite{m1}, \cite{m2}. MmWave systems make use of large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and the receiver ... |
1,477,468,750,924 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\def6.\arabic{equation}{2.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
This paper develops testing tools for two independent sets of functional observations, explicitly allowing for temporal dependence within each set. Functional data analysis has become a mainstay for dealing with t... |
1,477,468,750,925 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The two-dimensional Potts model pervades statistical physics and is a vivid
illustration of the strong ties between conformal field theory (CFT), integrability,
algebra, and probability theory. For $Q \in [0,4]$, and on
the square lattice, it exhibits integrable points corresponding to second-or... |
1,477,468,750,926 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relative expansion of the Universe is parametrized by a dimensionless scale factor $\mathcal{R}$. This is a key parameter in Friedman equations and also known as the cosmic scale factor or Robertson Walker scale factor. In the early stages of the Big Bang, most of the energy was in the form o... |
1,477,468,750,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fractional calculus is an effective tool in the study of non local and memory
effects in physics. Its successful application to anomalous diffusion was
immediately followed by other examples in classical physics [1-4]. The first
application of fractional calculus to quantum mechanics was gi... |
1,477,468,750,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent \textbf{Definition of the Yamabe operator $L_g$, eigenvalues of $L_g$, smooth Yamabe invariant $\sigma(M)$}\\
Let $(M,g) $ be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\geq 3$. We denote the scalar curvature by $\Scal_g$.
Let us define
$$\mu(M,g):= \inf_{\tilde{g} \in [g]} \int_M... |
1,477,468,750,929 | arxiv | \subsection{The training of the encoder (stage 1)}
The encoder training is based on the maximization problem:
\begin{equation}
\label{MI_SIMCLR}
\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi_{\varepsilon}}} = \operatornamewithlimits{argmax}_{\boldsymbol{\phi_{\varepsilon}}} I_{\boldsymbol {\phi_{\varepsilon}}}({\bf{X}} ;{\bf{E}}),
\e... |
1,477,468,750,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a well-known quasi-periodical variation with characteristic time 0.5-4 years in different solar, heliospheric and cosmic ray characteristics, see \cite{Bazilevskaya_etal_SSR_186_359_2014,Bazilevskaya_etal_JoP_CS_inprint_2015,Bazilevskaya_etal_CosRes_i... |
1,477,468,750,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most widely studied class of antiferromagnets contains two sublattices on which the magnetic moments point oppositely to each other. Materials where the magnitude of the moments on the sublattices is different are known as ferrimagnets. Both antiferromagnets~\cite{Gomonay2014,Jungwirth2016,B... |
1,477,468,750,932 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A_1A_2A_3A_4A_{5}$ be a closed hexahedron in
$\mathbb{R}^{3},$ $B_{i}$ be a non-negative number (weight) which
corresponds to each vertex $A_i,$ $A_{0}$ be a point in
$\mathbb{R}^{3}$ and $a_{ij}$ be the Euclidean distance of the
linear segment $A_{i}A_{j},$ for $i,j=0,1,2,3,4,5$ res... |
1,477,468,750,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Absorption from layers of photo-ionized gas in the circumnuclear
regions of AGN is commonly observed in more than half of radio-quiet
objects, the so-called warm absorbers (e.g., Blustin et al.~2005;
McKernan et al.~2007). These absorbers are usually detected in the
X-ray spectra at energies bel... |
1,477,468,750,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many combinatorial problems in machine learning can be cast as the minimization of submodular functions (i.e., set functions that exhibit a diminishing marginal returns property). Applications include isotonic regression, image segmentation and reconstruction, and semi-supervised clustering (see,... |
1,477,468,750,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The ability of perceiving the environment and building structured maps that can be used in path and motion planning is among the most critical abilities of mobile robots. For legged robots, due to the discretely changing footholds, such an ability becomes even more vital. The... |
1,477,468,750,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:intr}
In particle and nuclear physics, intensity interferometry provides a direct
experimental method for the determination of sizes, shapes and lifetimes
of particle-emitting sources
(for reviews see, \eg, \cite{Gyulassy:1979,Boal:1990,Baym:1998,Wolfram:Zako2001,Tamas:HIP2002}).
In pa... |
1,477,468,750,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Searching for new resonances as bumps in the invariant mass spectrum of the new particle decay products is one of the oldest and most robust techniques in particle physics, from the $\rho$ meson discovery~\cite{PhysRev.126.1858} and earlier up through the recent Higgs boson di... |
1,477,468,750,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many experts admit that quantum field theory is a difficult and complicated subject. Besides that, it is plagued with infinities, divergences and mathematical inconsistencies. The purpose of this work is to try to gain a deeper understanding of the foundations and basic principles of the theory ... |
1,477,468,750,939 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Genetic programming is an evolutionary computation technique, where the objective is to find a program (i.e. a simple expression, a sequence of statements, or a full-scale function) that satisfy a behavioral specification expressed as test cases along with expected results. Grammatical genetic ... |
1,477,468,750,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The wireless mesh networks are being extensively studied recently
due to their potential to improve the performance and throughput
of the cellular networks by borrowing the features of ad-hoc
networks \cite{Akyildiz:05CN}. The two-hop interference network
was recently proposed to model the mesh ... |
1,477,468,750,941 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
\node [right, text width= 7.3in, align=left] at (-.5,15.7) {Preprints of the \textbf{IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL)} paper presented at the \\\textbf{2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)}, Palais des congres de Montreal, Montre... |
1,477,468,750,942 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The scientific and technological advancement in the last century greatly increases our understanding of the universe.
Nowadays, we are able to build giant telescopes and observe astronomical objects billions of light years away.
Apart from deepening our scientific understanding, our astronomical ... |
1,477,468,750,943 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1966 Greisen, Zatsepin and
Kuz'min \cite{G,Z} noted that the microwave background radiation
(MBR) makes the universe opaque
to cosmic rays of sufficiently high energy, yielding a steep drop
in the energy cosmic ray spectrum at approximately $ 5
\times 10^{19}$ eV (GZK cutoff). More recently... |
1,477,468,750,944 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of \emph{abelian object} plays a key role in
categorical algebra. In the study of categories of non-abelian
algebraic structures---such as groups, Lie algebras, loops, rings,
crossed modules, etc.---the ``abelian case'' is usually seen as a
basic starting point, often simpler than the... |
1,477,468,750,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The growing popularity of mobile devices and applications that require bandwidth hungry services has fueled an increase in mobile traffic which in many cases, limits the ability of systems to offer high quality communications.
For example, in peak demand hours, or during a popular event in spe... |
1,477,468,750,946 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fractional wave equations, describing the disturbance propagation in a
viscoelastic or non-local material, are obtained through the system of
equations consisting of: equation of motion corresponding to one-dimensional
deformable bod
\begin{equation}
\partial _{x}\sigma (x,t)=\rho \,\parti... |
1,477,468,750,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
\label{intro}
In this paper, we consider the integer programming (IP) with linear inequalities:
\begin{equation}\label{IP}
\min_x \{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} x_i: ~Ax\geq b,~ x\in\{0, 1\}^n\},
\end{equation}
where $A\geq0\in R^{m\times n}$ is a given matrix, $b\in R^m$ is ... |
1,477,468,750,948 | arxiv | \section{placeholder}
\section{More Experiments and Detailed Experiment Setup}
\label{sec:more-experiments}
\subsection{Experiments setup}
In this section, we introduce the experiment setup in detail.
\paragraph{Small Synthetic Example} We generate the dataset in the following way: We first set up a ran... |
1,477,468,750,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the main results}
\label{sec:int}
Consider an algebraic $k$-group $G$ acting on a $k$-variety $X$, where
$k$ is a field. If $X$ is normal and $G$ is smooth, connected and affine,
then $X$ is covered by open $G$-stable quasi-projective subvarieties;
moreover, any such variety a... |
1,477,468,750,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charge transport in granular conductors is an intense area of research, wherein, electronic properties of granular conductors can be tuned at the nanoscale by varying grain size and inter-grain separation \cite{murray,gaponenko,mowbray,bimberg,stangl}. Grain size distribution in a granular condu... |
1,477,468,750,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spacecraft position and attitude estimation is essential to on-orbit operations \cite{nanjangud2018robotics}, e.g., formation flying, rendezvous, docking, servicing and space debris removal \cite{taylor2018remove}. These rely on precise and robust estimation of the relative pose and trajectory o... |
1,477,468,750,952 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro}
Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI involves the administration of a $T_1$-shortening Gadolinium-based contrast agent (CA), followed by the acquisition of successive $T_1$-weighted images as the contrast bolus enters and subsequently leaves the organ \cite{Sourbron2013}. In DCE... |
1,477,468,750,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In continuum mechanics, Cauchy has only described the behavior of a mechanical system when inhomogeneities have a characteristic length scale much smaller than the macro-scale in which the phenomena are observed. Usually, the mechanical description of other conservative systems needs a higher or... |
1,477,468,750,954 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The layered perovskite Mn oxide La$_{2-2x}$Sr$_{1+2x}$Mn$_{2}$O$_{7}$
(LSMO327), in which MnO$_{2}$ double layers and (La,Sr)$_{2}$O$_{2}$ blocking
layers are stacked alternatively, attracts much attention as
another class of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) system. Possibly due to the
reduced ... |
1,477,468,750,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nucleon-nucleus interaction is known to be nonlocal in
nature \cite{bethe,frahn1,frahn2}. This nonlocal character arises
because of the many-body effects such as the virtual excitations in
the nucleus and the exchange of the nucleons within the interacting
system \cite{frahn1,frahn2,lem... |
1,477,468,750,956 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a closed surface $M$, a natural question
is to determine the maximum integer $n$ such that the complete graph
$K_n$ can be embedded (drawn without crossings) into $M$ (e.g., $n=4$
if $M=S^2$ is the $2$-sphere, and $n=7$ if $M$ is a torus). This
classical problem
was raised in the late $1... |
1,477,468,750,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The pioneering work of K. C. Kulander in the late 1980s \cite{kulander,kulander1} has paved the way for the numerical solution of the time-dependent
Schr\"{o}dinger equation (TDSE) to become a very important and powerful tool for studying the laser-atom interaction and related strong-field pheno... |
1,477,468,750,958 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par
Motivated by the theoretical problems in the standard model (SM),
many extended models beyond the SM have been established. Among them the
large extra dimensions (LED) model proposed by Arkani-Hamed,
Dimopoulos, and Dvali in Ref.\cite{1} may be one of the promising
models which can sol... |
1,477,468,750,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
H.
Weyl, by the use of scale transformations,
attempted to unify gravitation and electro-magnetism
within the framework of general relativity
early this century
\cite{Weyl} and in so doing initiated
the `gauge revolution' in
physics.
Like Einstein and many others
who followed, Weyl recognised t... |
1,477,468,750,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Online market places, where people sell goods to other participants, are one of the most popular applications on the internet. EBay had a revenue of 2.6 billion US dollar in the first quarter of 2019 alone~\cite{ebayq1} and is one of the top 10 internet companies in terms of revenue in the world... |
1,477,468,750,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, considerable effort has been directed towards identifying and classifying
phase transitions far from thermal equilibrium. Such nonequilibrium transitions can
be found in a wide variety of problems in biology, chemistry, and physics. Examples
include population dynamics, the spre... |
1,477,468,750,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of quantum phase transitions has greatly benefited from
developments in quantum information theory
\cite{REVIEWSOFMODERNPHYSICS,numericalmethods}. We know, for
example, that the extremum points of entanglement and other related
correlations coincide with phase transition points
\... |
1,477,468,750,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent studies indicate that,
by 2030,
the number of connected devices is expected to increase to 100 billion,
and that \ac{5G} mobile networks may be supporting up to 1,000× more data traffic than the \ac{4G} ones in 2018.
However, the energy consumption of future networks i... |
1,477,468,750,964 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Following the discovery of the Higgs boson (\PH) by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations~\cite{paper:Aad:2012,paper:Chatrchyan:2012,Chatrchyan:2013lba} at the CERN LHC, a thorough program of precise measurements~\cite{CMS:2021ugl,Sirunyan:2021fpv,CMS:2021kom} has been carried out... |
1,477,468,750,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
One of the main goals of the study of galaxy formation and evolution is to understand the star formation history of the Universe. A key advance in this area was the discovery of the cosmic far-infrared extragalactic background light (EBL) by the \emph{COBE} satellite \citep{... |
1,477,468,750,966 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Statement of the main result}
Let $S$ be the oriented Seifert manifold with unnormalized invariant $(g$; $(a,b))$, where $g$ is an integer $\geqslant 2$ and $a$, $b$ are two coprime integers such that $a\neq0 $ and $b \geqslant 1$. Recall that $S$ is obtained from a genus $g$ oriented surface $\Si$ wit... |
1,477,468,750,967 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{} Towards the beginning of the 20th century, Schur defined a
functor from polynomial representations of $GL_n(\CM)$ of degree $d$ to
representations of the symmetric group ${\mathfrak S}} \def\sg{{\mathfrak s}} \def\SM{{\mathbb{S}}_d$, which is an equivalence
of categories for $n\... |
1,477,468,750,968 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\vskip .1in \noindent A problem of great interest in the classical Complex Function Theory is the
following:
\vskip .1in \noindent Given a function $f(z) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k z^k$, analytic at $z=0$,
determine the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of the {\em part... |
1,477,468,750,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum circuit synthesis is a process to construct a quantum circuit that implements a desired unitary operator and optimizes its size/depth in terms of a given gate set, which is an important task in the field of quantum computation and quantum information~\cite{ShendeBM06,vartiainen2004effici... |
1,477,468,750,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light-harvesting complexes (LHC) are pigment protein-complexes that act as the functional units of photosynthetic systems, capable of absorbing the energy of a photon and transferring it towards the reaction center where it is converted into chemical energy usable for the cell. The transfer of en... |
1,477,468,750,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Security techniques \cite{saeed2018examine, kumar2018data} have been acknowledged to be an integral part in many fields i.e., business, national defense, military and etc. One special part of cryptographic algorithms is the hashing family that is important, especially in the field of modern info... |
1,477,468,750,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Confidence sets, regions, and intervals are fundamental tools in data science, statistical inference, and machine learning, capturing a range of plausible beliefs of the parameters of a model. For simplicity of computation and analysis, most approaches to construct confidence sets rely on approxi... |
1,477,468,750,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
This paper is mainly concerned with \emph{channel connectivity}, by which we mean the relationship
that describes which input channels are connected to which output channels in a setting with message-passing concurrency.
In the {\pic}~\cite{DBLP:journals/iandc/MilnerPW92a},
chan... |
1,477,468,750,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In real-world distributed systems, the distributed components are often failure-prone.
As it is often hard to show that the undesired failures of these unreliable components would happen with sufficiently low probabilities, these components are often allowed to fail arbitrarily, i.e., being Byzan... |
1,477,468,750,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Auxetic materials are rather special and unusual elastic solids. Their Poisson's ratio $\nu$ is negative, which means that it is easy to change their volume while fixing their shape, but it is hard to change their shape while fixing their volume \cite{Feynman2011}. This behavior is just opposite ... |
1,477,468,750,976 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\title{\bf On a new characterisation of Besov spaces with negative exponents
\author{
{\bf Moshe Marcus}\\
{\small Department of Mathematics,}\\
{\small Technion, Haifa}
\and
{\bf Laurent V\'eron}\\
{\small Department of Mathematics,}\\
{\small Universit\'e Fran\c{c}ois-Rabelais, ... |
1,477,468,750,977 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first formalism to quantum mechanics in phase space was proposed by
Wigner in 1932 \cite{wig1}. He was motived by the problem of finding a way
to improve the quantum statistical mechanics, based on the desity matrix, to
treat the transport equations for superfluids \cite{wig2, wig3, wig... |
1,477,468,750,978 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Research in Psychology has shown that humans handle the complexity of the real world by biasing or constraining their action choice at a given moment based on known object-related actions. In particular, recent fMRI studies show that the human brain uses \textit{action codes} -- automatically ev... |
1,477,468,750,979 | arxiv | \section{Stationary discs and holomorphic extension }
The problem of testing analyticity on a domain $D\subset {\Bbb C}^n$ by a family of discs has attracted a great deal of work. The first significant result goes back to Stout \cite{S77} who uses as testing family all the straight lines. Reducing the testing family, A... |
1,477,468,750,980 | arxiv | \section{Theoretical basis}
Within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) the masses of
the ${\cal CP}$-even neutral Higgs bosons are
calculable in terms of the other MSSM parameters. The mass of the
lightest Higgs boson, $\mathswitch {m_\Ph}$, has been of particular interest as it is
bounded from above at ... |
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