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OBJECTIVE 03.5. Identify the quantity of carbon stored in settlement areas in 2012, and increase stored carbon 3% by 2020 through green planting

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Access to finance from lending institution need to make provision for MSME to access a targeted pool of funds for recovery and rebuilding after a major climatic event, natural or man-made disasters. Automatic waiver of payment of loans for an initial period of at least 3 months from the date of occurrence of the climatic event. Implementation of Small Business Development Centre (SBDC) as a mechanism for business support services for increasing capacity and the know-how for delivery more effective support to MSMEs. This will facilitate greater coordination and collaboration that will help counteract external effects and stimulate competition in the market place.

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

The CO2 emissions of biomass are not included in the total emissions of the sector. CO2 emissions from the consumption of biomass for the production of electricity are estimated by applying the biomass emission factor of the previous table to the amount of biomass consumed. Nevertheless, the CO2 emissions which occur in the production of charcoal cannot be estimated by applying a biomass emission factor to the total amount of firewood used for the production of charcoal, as not all the carbon is combusted in the process. Instead, the carbon content of the biomass is transformed into charcoal. For this reason, the activity data used for calculating CO2 emissions from charcoal is estimated by subtracting the amount of charcoal produced to the total amount of biomass which is used for the production of charcoal. A CO2 emission factor is applied to this amount of biomass calculated as a differential. CO2 emissions from biomass are reported as a memo item.

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

1 7 Mitigation - GHG emission reductions of 10.4 MtCO e by 2023 through forest restoration, afforestation, reforestation, and reduction of deforestation; S D The Big Four Agenda - Progress toward the achievement of food and nutrition security: and L d d D f Adaptation Sustainably managed forests, increased forest cover, improved management of rangelands and grasslands, reduced coastal erosion through mangroves conservation and restoration, and maintenance of ecosystems for wildlife and linking of protected areas: 7 r r Sustainable Development - Restored and protected forests and rangelands, and their ecosystems and biodiversity: increased forest cover; improved food, nutrition, water security, improved livelihoods of forest resource users; healthy wildlife populations and viable tourism operations: reduced poverty and inequality; and opportunities for timber industries and housing construction.

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

1. Quantified information on the reference a. Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s) b. Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year c. For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information d. Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed numerically, for 2015 INDC comparison point, including, as appropriate, a base year The reference year for the target is 2030. The objective is expressed as a reduction in total emissions from BAU by 2030, with a base data period of 2010-2014. Total absolute GHG emissions in the base year 2010 were 263.0 Mt CO2e and estimated emissions per capita were around 2 tonnes CO2e. Under a business-as-usual growth scenario, consistent with strong economic growth of 5% per year, Nigeria's emissions are expected to grow to around 900 million tonnes per year in 2030, which translates to around 3.4 tonnes per person. Not applicable. 20% reduction relative to business-as-usual emissions in 2030 without international support (unconditional) 5 2021 Update of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Nigeria The reference year for the target is 2030. The objective is expressed as a reduction in total emissions from BAU by 2030, with a base data period. of 2010-2018. Total absolute GHG emissions in the base year were restated and grew from 247 million tonnes COe in 2010 to 347 million tonnes CO2e in 2018. Under a business-as-usual growth scenario, Nigeria's emissions are expected to grow to around 450 million tonnes per year in 2030/ which translates to around 1.55 tonnes per person. Not applicable. 20% reduction relative to business

NGA

Sub-Saharan Africa

Nigeria's vision on climate change is set out in its recently updated National Climate Change Policy, for 2021-2030 to promote low-carbon, climate-resilient and gender-responsive sustainable socio economic development. More recent work carried out in 2020 and 2021, to inform the development of a long-term low emission development strategy, has expanded on this from a 2050 perspective. The proposed vision is that: By 2050, Nigeria is a country of low-carbon, climate-resilient, high-growth circular economy that reduces its current level of emissions by 50% and is moving towards having net-zero emissions across all sectors of its development in a gender-responsive manner. This vision therefore introduces some additional priorities, such as the development of a circular economy and gender equality. This new vision can only be achieved by properly embedding climate considerations into all aspects of the economy and society, and by mainstreaming the above vision into the nation's development and planning. This means being reflected in the proposed Agenda 2050 strategy, as well as nearer term National Development Plans. More information on links to such priorities are set out in Section 2.3 below.

NGA

Sub-Saharan Africa

It is for the Government to decide whether the currently legislated budgets are amended to bring them in line with the revised 2050 target or the 2030 NDC, but the Committee does not consider it to be necessary. Forthcoming revisions to the UK's emissions inventory will make existing carbon budgets more challenging. The setting of the Sixth Carbon Budget for 2033-37 in accordance with the Committee's advice will also require that the UK cuts emissions in line with the 2030 NDC to remain on track. Once the sixth budget is legislated, the trajectory towards it will have legal force given the requirement in the Climate Change Act that the Government prepare policies to meet the 2050 target and all legislated carbon budgets. Ideally, all future carbon budgets would be aligned with the pathway to achieve Net Zero by 2050. This would fulfil the intention of the Climate Change Act for these nearer-term budgets to ensure that action is on track for the long-term target. report and the UK's NDC for 2030 (implying emissions of 1,585 MtCO₂e, including IAS emissions, over the Fifth Carbon Budget period), as our best indication of what is required to stay on track to our recommended Sixth Carbon Budget and the UK's 2050 Net Zero target.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

stacks, thermal power plants, construction dust & debris and the other by-products of a crowded and modernised urban existence. Simultaneously the rising incidence of a range of health effects has been recorded and there is compelling evidence of a

IND

South Asia

Biological characteristics of Brown Caucasian cattle breed have been studied in the course of research and production operations at a farm located in Khornabuji village, Sighnaghi district of Kakheti. The research aimed at identifying physiological and clinical characteristics of cattle placed in thermally neutral and extremely high temperature conditions. Caucasian Brown is a local breed, developed through crossbreeding with Brown Swiss. Grown cows of Caucasian Brown weigh 400-450 kg, yield is 2500-4000 kg of milk with fat content of 3.8-3.9%. THI values often were 79STHIS 84, posing potentially serious hazard to livestock health. In spring 2016, 100 heads of Holstein calves were imported from Estonia to LLC Shtori, which is used as a research site. The farm uses innovative intensive farming technologies and is located in Pshaveli village, Telavi district, Kakheti Region.

GEO

Europe & Central Asia

consumption of electricity and natural gas, storage for sustainable energy. This ODE is almost completely identical in structure and design to the energy tax: except for a tax reduction per connection that is in force in the EB but not in the ODE, the ODE follows the EB in all aspects. Therefore, the ODE can be regarded as an increase in the EB. The revenues from the storage for sustainable energy flow into the general budget. Because the budget for the SDE+ increases over the years to achieve the target for renewable energy in accordance with the Energy Agreement and the Renewable Energy Directive, the renewable energy surcharge to cover that increasing budget will be increased annually with a view to achieving a share of renewable energy of 14% in 2020 and 16% in 2023. The rates to be determined annually cover the expenses estimated for that year and tax households and companies for both 50%. With regard to households, the burden is equally divided between gas and electricity consumption and is linked to the slide between natural gas and electricity in the first bracket as defined in the 2016 Tax Plan.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Contents overview Part 1 General provisions Section 1 Purpose and aim of the law Section 2 Scope of application Section 2a Tender volume, distribution of bidding dates Section 3 DefinitionsPart 2 Specialist planning and central preliminary investigation Section 1 Area development plan Section 4 Purpose of the area development plan Section 5 Subject matter of the area development plan Section 6 Responsibility and procedures for preparing the Area development plan Section 7 Transition from the federal offshore plan and the offshore grid development plan Section 8 Amendment and updating of the area development plan Section 2 Central preliminary investigation of sites Section 9 Objective of the central preliminary investigation of sites Section 10 Object and scope of the central preliminary investigation of sites Section 10a Reimbursement of necessary costs for investigations of centrally pre-examined areas Section 10b Reimbursement of necessary costs for investigations of non-centrally pre-examined areas Section 11 Responsibility for the central pre-examination of areas Section 12 Procedure for the central pre-examination of areas Section 13 Construction and operation of offshore connecting lines Part 3 Tenders Section 1 General provisions Section 14 Competitive determination of the party entitled to the contract Section 14a Supplementary capacity allocation Section 15 General tender conditions Section 2 Tenders for areas that have not been centrally pre-examined Section 16 Announcement of the tenders Section 17 Requirements for bids Section 18 Security Section 19 Maximum value Section 20 Award procedure, value to be applied Section 21 Dynamic bid process Section 22 More detailed design of the dynamic bid procedure Section 23 Second bid component Section 24 Legal consequences of the award Section 25 Reimbursement of securities to bidders without an award Section 3 Tenders for existing projects Section 26 Tenders for existing projects Section 27 Tender volume Section 28 Planning of the offshore connection lines Section 29 Announcement of the tenders Section 30 Requirements for Participation in tenders for existing projects Section 31 Requirements for bids Section 32 Security Section 33 Maximum value Section 34 Award procedure Section 35 Area reference of the award Section 36 Award value and value to be applied Section 37 Legal consequences of the award Section 38 Reimbursement of securities to bidders without an award Section 4 (repealed) Subsection 1 (repealed) Section 39 (repealed) Section 40 (repealed) Section 41 (repealed) Section 42 (repealed) Section 43 (repealed) Section 44 (repealed) Section 45 (repealed)Subsection 2 (repealed) Section 46 (repealed) Section 47 (repealed) Section 48

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

In the Energy Agreement for sustainable growth of September 2013, the following agreements have been made for the transport sector: CO emissions in the transport sector must be reduced by 17% by 2030 (compared to 1990) to a maximum of 25 megatons and must have decreased further by 2050 to a maximum of 12 megatonnes, in line with the European ambition to reduce CO emissions from the transport sector by at least 60% by 2050 compared to 1990. The Dutch government embraces these ambitions, which have been established in a broad dialogue between the parties involved. The ambition for the year 2050 is also in line with the challenge outlined by the Rli to meet the energy needs of transport and mobility by 2050 with 7 to a maximum of 15 megatonnes of CO emissions.

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

Transport CO emissions increased from approximately 257.61 Gg of COe in 2005 to 332.52 Gg of COe in 2010 (Table 3.9). These emissions are lower than estimations of LMS4 and Tongwane et al.6 because of the shorter distance travelled when compared to the values in the latter. The rate of increase of emissions in the transport sector between 2005 and 2010 is approximately 29 percent which is higher than a growth rate of 5 percent between 2000 and 2005. GHG emissions (1.53 Gg) from civil aviation did not increase between 2005 and 2010. Since civil aviation is not a common mode of transport in Lesotho, road transport is generally the sole producer of transport-related GHG emissions in the country. Heavy duty trucks and buses are the main contributors of transport emissions with an average of 47 percent of total annual transport emissions. Two thirds of the total transport emissions in the country are produced by freight vehicles.6 Petrol sales declined between 2006 and 2008 despite the estimated rapid increase of number of vehicles in the country during that period. This is reflected in the emissions of light duty vehicles and motorcars which are predominantly petrol powered. Decrease of petrol sales may have been caused by reduced mobility of these vehicles as a result of high fuel prices which started in 2004. Commuters would usually change their lifestyles by reducing their trips and changing their modes of transport from private vehicles to public transport because of expensive fuels. Figure 3.5 shows an example of the country's common meandering road network.

LSO

Sub-Saharan Africa

Further, in line with the international community, and based on the principles of extending energy access to all Liberians through careful consideration of the environmental costs and benefits, and with the goal of maximizing efficiency to minimize costs and any adverse environmental impacts, the Government of Liberia states the following additional targets: Improving energy efficiency by 20% by 2015. Raising the share of renewable energy to 30% of electricity production and 10% of overall energy consumption by 2015. Increasing the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 5% by 2015. Implementing a long-term strategy to make Liberia a carbon neutral country in energy production and transportation by 2050. 2. THE ENERGY SITUATION

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

By creating a green vision for the Mtra Power Plant, the government is starting the implementation of the most significant Hungarian climate protection and regional development project of the next decade. The transformation of the Mtra Power Plant will be carried out in such a way that the security of the domestic electricity supply is not disturbed. Erm directly provides the livelihood of 2,100 employees and indirectly around 10,000 family members. The main goal of the government is to support businesses in the region in solving employment tasks related to the transformation of the region. The lignite units of the Mtrai Erm will be phased out gradually, after 2025 coal burning will stop. In parallel with the phasing out of lignite burning, in addition to natural gas-based development, modern technologies such as solar power generation, electricity storage, and increasing the waste incineration capacity of the power plant will play a role. By modernizing the Mtra Power Plant, the country's greenhouse gas emissions can be significantly reduced.

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

programmes, accounting, and reporting systems. The first goal of the NBSAP is to internalise and With the assistance of several regional partners, Saint Lucia, under the GEF Funded and UN incorporated in the national policies, plans, and strategies described above. Also coming out of the

LCA

Latin America & Caribbean

CANADA'S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY The table below illustrates results from ECCC's modelling of a scenario in which a 2050 target of 80% below 2005 levels is achieved by a 65% reduction in the combined emissions of the energy sector, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste, plus an assumed contribution from credits due to improved land sector sequestration and internationally transferred mitigation outcomes. As depicted in the table, the greatest reductions are projected to come from energy-related emissions (74% below the 2005 level), followed by emissions from waste (55% below the 2005 level), industrial process emission (28% below the 2005 level) and agriculture ( 15% below the 2005 level).

CAN

North America

In relation to the electric matrix this percentage is even more significant, reaching 89.0%. The reference scenario in the National Energy Plan (PNE 2030) also stipulates that the expansion of electricity supply between 2005 and 2030 will include 95,000 MW from hydropower plants. Nevertheless, growing demand and the prospect of the long term exhaustion of hydroelectric potential, in addition to questions of socio-environmental nature, require other sources to be part of this expansion, notwithstanding the priority that hydropower deserves in the expansion of the electric system. Brazil has many alternatives for the expansion of electricity supply, free from CO emissions, in addition to hydro-electricity. Among them, renewables should be highlighted cogeneration with sugarcane bagasse and other forms of biomass, wind and solar and other non- conventional sources such as wastes. In the case of cogeneration, it is estimated that electricity supply from this source will reach 136 TWh (11.4%) of the total supply in the country, in 2030. The attempt to reduce energy wastage is also important. Non-technical losses of energy average 22,000 GWh per year. It is intended to reduce this amount in the next ten years, a rate of 1,000 GWh per year. This will represent a reduction in energy wastage of 400 GWh per year. On average approximately 25% (100 GWh per year) of this energy will no longer be produced by thermo power plants.

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

In 2010, in the policy report of the SAR government, the concept of "building a low-carbon Macao and sharing a green life" was put forward to ensure the sustainable development of Macao, actively support and cooperate with the country's climate change policies and actions, and develop low-carbon products and technology, promote the development of green and low-carbon industries, and promote the transformation to an economic model with low emissions and low consumption. In the "Macao Special Administrative Region Five-Year Development Plan (2016-2020)" formulated in 2016, Macao determined to actively cooperate with the national green development strategy and vigorously promote a green, low-carbon, emission-reducing civilized and healthy living pattern. Macao has established a goal of controlling greenhouse gases: by 2020, greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 40%-45% compared to 2005.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

In Tonga, electricity is generated from Fig diesel, solar and wind. According to in- country interviews, Tonga is on track to achieve the target of 50% electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020. The target refers to the fiscal year 2020, which ends in June 2021. Data made available by the utility - Tonga Power Limited (TPL) shows that the share of electricity generated from renewables increased from 7% in 2016 to 11% in 2019 (TPL, 2020a; Figure 3).

TON

East Asia & Pacific

For instance, the Working Group on Capacity Building for Sustainable Bioenergy organized several workshop and activities aimed at raising awareness and data on the implementation of the 24 voluntary sustainability indicators for bioenergy developed by the GBEP since 2011, which represent a unique tool to inform the development of national bioenergy policies and programmes, monitor the impact of these policies and programmes, as well as interpret and respond to the environmental, social and economic impacts of their bioenergy production and use. Until now, GBEP sustainability indicators for bioenergy have been tested in 10 Countries, including Vietnam, Paraguay, Germany, Italy, Ukraine, India and Partnership is a forum where voluntary cooperation works towards consensus in the areas of the share experiences and expertise between countries.

ITA

Europe & Central Asia

Figure 1: Indicative delivery pathway to 2037 by sector So this strategy sets out our plans for reducing emissions from each sector of our economy, while hoovering up any remaining emissions with greenhouse gas removals - either natural, like trees, or technological, using carbon capture. This is an historic plan. Taken together the transitions set out below for every sector of the UK economy meets Carbon Budgets 4 and 5, and puts us on the path for Carbon Budget 6- and ultimately on course for net zero by 2050. Source: BEIS Analysis (2021)

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Total direct GHG emissions from forestry and other land uses (FAT) excluded have, overall, experienced continuous growth over the period from 1990 to 2015 (Table 6 and 7, Figure 2). Emissions in 2015 (11,752.18 Gg CO eq) were 3.6 times higher than those in 1990 (3,235.9 Gg CO eq). The main sector that contributed to the increase in global emissions is energy, whose direct GHG emissions increased sevenfold over the period, with emissions from other sectors, namely industrial processes and product use ( PIUP), agriculture and waste having been multiplied by the factors 5.3; 2.2 and 4.5 respectively. The substantial increase in emissions observed in the energy sector is attributable to the sharp increase in the consumption of gasoline and diesel in the transport category, the quantities of which multiplied between 1990 and 2015 by twenty-eight (28 ) and twenty (20) respectively. The increase noted in emissions from the PIUP sector is explained by the increase in the production of clinker for the production of cement and especially by taking into account emissions of fluorinated gases (HFC 134a) resulting from the -category of the use of fluorinated substitutes of ozone-depleting substances from 2012. As for the agriculture sector, the emission trend is governed

BEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

In addition to its social sector initiative, in the long-term there is need for the Government to undertake a major review of its housing programs and craft a new National Shelter Sector Strategy Report. The proposed strategy will focus on improving the housing finance system; initiating reforms to facilitate the flow of financial resources to the low and middle income segment of the population; leaving Government to play a catalytic, service oriented role rather than to be a main actor in the provision of housing services. The Government has already undertaken essential steps in respect of disaster risk reduction and building resilience in the housing sector with the revision of its building code with requisite training provided to raise awareness of the techniques for making houses disaster resilient. The Government will firmly enforce the building code for the overall protection of homeowners and the citizenry by extension. The passage of Hurricane Maria has decimated the substantial gains which were realized in the housing sector. According to the PDNA (page 79.), the housing sector was the most affected with total damage estimated at EC$955 million, fully affecting the private sector and losses are estimated at EC$77 million, and predominantly affect the private sector.

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

Renewable energy (RE) now accounts for almost a quarter of global energy consumption but fossil fuels remain the dominant sources of energy. Energy scenarios have predicted that investments in existing and new renewable energy technologies (RETS) will continue to grow as countries try to accomplish their sustainable development goals. Today, in a number of countries, renewables represent a rapidly growing share of total energy supply for uses including heat and transport. The share of households worldwide employing solar water heating continues to increase and is now estimated at 70 million households. This goal focuses on the development of indigenous renewable energy resources with the goal of increasing the percentage of renewables in the energy mix to 30% by 2030. For The Bahamas, as for many non-oil producing nations, the development and diffusion of renewable energy resources and technologies will help realize important economic, environmental and social objectives. Renewable resources such as wind, solar, waste-to-energy and biomass are indigenous to the country, and if developed adequately, can provide cleaner, and in the long term, more affordable alternatives to fossil fuels. This will not only lower the country's oil bill but also will improve energy security through diversification of the energy base. Also, increased use of renewable energy will lessen environmental impacts and reduce the country's carbon footprint - and thus its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. It is on this basis that the National Energy Policy 2013-2033 sets a target of about 30 % renewables in the energy mix by 2033 and will allow for a 10% Residential Energy Self Generation Programme with in the year 2014. The Bahamas has abundant renewable energy sources, thereby giving the country the potential and opportunities for the development of renewable energy. The primary focus of this goal will be on the development and deployment of renewable energy by:

BHS

Latin America & Caribbean

Strategic Goal 2: Ensuring the Security and Reliability of Gas Supplies Ireland has a well developed framework to ensure the adequacy of gas supplies and transportation infrastructure into the country. Recent years have seen substantial investment in the transmission network and the new pipelines recently completed [Mayo-Galway & South- North) will enable the indigenous gas find at Corrib to be brought to the market, assist in the development of an all-island gas network and enable more communities to benefit from the availability of natural gas. In light of global, EU and UK trends, natural gas will continue to play a vital role in the Irish fuel mix for some decades yet. Business as usual projections indicate that more than 70% of our electricity would be generated from natural gas by 2020. Our alternative scenario, with renewables contributing 33% by 2020, will see greater diversity in the fuel mix with gas contributing just under 50% to power generation. The UK is now the source of some 87% of our natural gas and the UK's own demand for imports is growing strongly. Norway will remain a significant supplier of gas to UK in the medium term. Ireland's location in Europe from the view-point of gas supply sources is becoming less peripheral. In the last 12 months the UK has achieved a significant increase in gas import capacity through accelerated infrastructure developments with resultant benefits for Ireland. Both Pipeline and LNG capacity has increased significantly. These include the Langeled pipeline from Norway, the new pipeline from the Netherlands and new LNG terminals at Milford Haven. Further expansion of LNG capacity and gas interconnection is underway in the UK and Europe which will benefit Ireland in terms of security of wholesale gas supplies within this regional market.

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

Lighting "prolongs the day" and allows activity during the night (eg studying) and can be supplied by various energy sources. Traditionally, a fire pit provides basic lighting, but the quality of lighting is poor, and the source poses health (fume inhalation) and fire hazards, especially if used indoors. Candles provide a portable light source, but are considered expensive and the quality of lighting is also poor. Oil lamps are relatively common, being a better quality and more versatile source of lighting than candles, with adjustable intensity; however, they also carry risks of smoke inhalation and fire. Hand torches are common, and batteries are easy to find at local stores; however batteries are expensive and undesirable from the point of view of environmental conservation. Electric light, powered by an accumulator, provides better quality lighting. The accumulator can be recharged during the day with a photovoltaic solar panel or any other source of electricity. This Strategy will promote the development of actions aimed at increasing access to electric lighting, which is versatile, safe and of good quality.

MOZ

Sub-Saharan Africa

and in the adequate management of liquid waste in the national territory. The goals of this objective will be reported by the Superintendency of Sanitary Services. Goal 5.1: By 2030, 90% of the population will have continuity of service in disruptive events. Goal 5.2: By 2030, 100% of the concessionaires will have implemented a management process that covers the complete risk cycle. Goal 5.3: By 2030, the volume of unbilled water will be reduced by at least 25%. Goal 5.4: By 2030, at least 30% of the wastewater discharged into the sea and 20% of the treated wastewater discharged into surface courses will be available for reuse. Goal 5.5: By 2030, 100% of the urban population will have access to sanitation services. Target 5.6: By 2030, at least 50% of new housing will be built through a planned and coordinated urban process. Goal 5.7: By 2030, the number of events related to discharges of untreated sewage resulting from the entry into the sewerage system of water other than sewage will be reduced by at least 75%. Goal 5.8: By 2030, each public water resources infrastructure project will include in its evaluation the consideration of a portion to meet demands associated with urban and/or rural human consumption. Goal 5.9: By 2030, the environmental footprint of the sanitation sector (water footprint, waste footprint and GHG generation footprint) will be reduced by at least 10% compared to its baseline. Goal 5.10: By 2030, a network of public-private actors will have been consolidated to promote the responsible use of water at all levels. Goal 5.11: By 2030, the responsible use of water will be incorporated into the national school curriculum. Goal 5.12: By 2030, 100% of urbanizations will have a Blue Seal of efficiency. Goal 5.13: By 2030, 100% of the products used in home installations will be authorized by the SISS and will have their respective efficiency certification. SAN MENT NOSTRA IVAN AND CONGM RESPONSIBLE CO 13 POREICINA

CHL

Latin America & Caribbean

In the transitory articles, it stipulates that the country undertakes to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 22% and its black carbon emissions by 51% by the year 2030 in an unconditional manner with respect to the baseline. This commitment, assumed as a nationally determined contribution, implies reaching a maximum of national emissions by the year 2026; and decoupling greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth, the intensity of emissions per unit of gross domestic product will be reduced by around 40% between 2013 and 2030 (DOF, 2012).

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

Setting our sights on enhancing the productivity of resources and raising the rate at which they are recycled, we will optimize the spatial layout of industrial parks, and retrofit these parks to facilitate circular production. Circular production in enterprises and circular organization of industries in these parks will be encouraged as well, and arrangements will be made for enterprises to conduct retrofits for clean production. We will promote the comprehensive utilization of waste, cascading use of energy, and circular use of water resources. To be specific, we will facilitate the recycling of residual heat and pressure as well as waste gas, liquid, and slag from industrial processes, and actively expand the application of centralized gas and heating supply. We will set up platforms for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in parks. By 2030, all key industrial parks at the provincial level or above will be upgraded to support circular operations.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

- To approach and master the technology for producing seedling of high-yield plants for biofuel production. b/ During 2011-2015: - To research into, master and produce materials and additives for biofuel production; - To develop the production and extensive use of biofuels as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. To expand biofuel production establishments and the network of distribution of biofuels for transportation and other industries; - To develop raw material areas under planning, put raw-material plant varieties of high yield and pest resistance into mass production, thus ensuring sufficient supply of biomass materials to be converted into biofuel; - To successfully apply modern fermentation technologies in order to diversify raw material sources to be use in the process of converting biomass into biofuel; - To build and develop biofuel production and using estabishments nationwide. By 2015, the out put of ethanol and vegetable oil will reach 250,000 tons (enough for blending 5 million tons of E5 and B5), satisfying 1% of the whole country's gasoline and oil demand; - To train a pool of specialists in major domains related to biofuel production and technical workers to satisfy the need for human resources for biofuel development. c/Vision to 2025: The biofuel production technology applied in Vietnam will attain the world's advanced level. The ethanol and vegetable oil output will reach 1.8 million tons, satisfying some 5% of the whole country's gasoline and oil demand.

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

Legal act Act of 20 May 2016 on Investments in wind power plants (Official Journal of the Laws of 2016, Item 961) "National reform programme for the implementation of the Europe 2020 strategy- update 2017/2018", adopted by the Council of Ministers on April 25, 2017. Act of 25 August 2006 on biocomponents and liquid biofuels (Official Journal of the Laws of 2015, Item 775) Act of 25 August 2006 on fuel quality monitoring and control system (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 1728, as amended) Act of 27 May 2011 Amending the Act on the Monitoring System and the quality control of fuels and certain other acts (Official Journal of the Laws No. 153, Item 902, as amended) and the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 7 February 2012 amending the regulation on quality requirements for liquid fuels (Official Journal of the Laws of 2012, Item 136) Act of July 11, 2014 Amending the Act on the Monitoring System and the quality control of fuels and certain other acts (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 1088) and the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 3 November 2014 amending Regulation on quality requirements for liquid fuels (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 1547) Act of 6 December 2008 on excise duty (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 752, as amended) Description in agricultural biogas from RES installations; creating new jobs as a result of the increase in the number of new RES installations; ensuring the use of energy by-products or residues from agriculture and industry using agricultural raw materials. The Act specifies conditions and procedures for the location and construction of wind turbines and conditions for the location of wind turbines in the vicinity of existing or planned housing developments. The document identifies the most important measures for the years 2017-2018, that will supporting economic growth, competitiveness and employment. Amendment to the regulations, included in the Act of 21 March 2014 amending the Act on biocomponents and liquid biofuels and some other acts (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 457) as regards the issues arising from the

POL

Europe & Central Asia

³Mexico was the second country to have a national climate change law, after the UK. The U.S. mid-century low greenhouse gas emissions strategy lays out multiple pathways for achieving ambitious reductions of domestic net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, consistent with holding global average temperature increases to well below 2 °C. The U.S. strategy envisions actions across three categories: (1) the transformation to a low carbon energy system, including a near-complete decarbonization of the electricity grid and deep emissions reductions across the transportation, buildings and industrial sectors; (2) storing carbon and reducing emissions through U.S. lands and agriculture; and (3) reducing nonCO₂ emissions such as methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, despite large increases in key drivers of these emissions (e.g. agricultural production). To achieve a low GHG pathway, the U.S. strategy envisions an aggressive and cost-effective suite of public policies that include market incentives to reduce emissions and public support for research, development, demonstration & deployment (RDD&D). National context

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

NCCAP 2018-2022 seeks to increase annual per capita water availability from 647 m to 1000 m3. To achieve this target, the Plan proposes concrete actions to enhance the resilience of the water sector, by ensuring adequate access to, and efficient use of water for agriculture. manufacturing, domestic use, wildlife, and other uses. The planned water-related climate change actions involve women who help to reduce water wastage at the household level, and to some extent, also support water agencies to reduce wastage. The actions also promote the Blue Economy by encouraging low-carbon actions in the maritime sector, ensuring coastal infrastructure that better withstands projected rise in sea level and storm surges, and assisting coastal fisher communities to cope in a changing climate.

KEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

See footnote ad ch. 1.2. Requirements for energy efficiency and the release and supply of ventilation units Conformity assessment procedure

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

Increased employment opportunities for older people by encouraging the return of the Dominican diaspora or older expatriates through strategies that allow them to contribute to the country's workforce at a later age; The incidence and severity of poverty in 2003 were felt more by females (51%) than by males, and this structure of poverty remained up until 2009. Apart from the economically disadvantaged and single-women headed households, other vulnerable groups include children and youth (especially those from low-income families and those living in abusive families), women, elderly, persons with disabilities, and indigenous people. Some of the contributing factors to these gender-based vulnerabilities include migration of adults, prevalence of single-parent headed households, unemployment and job scarcity, high medical costs, land ownership issues, and unpaid family care responsibilities. Mo inc ma foo nee eng cop

DMA

Latin America & Caribbean

Document Polish Nuclear Energy Programme, adopted by the Council of Ministers on 28 January 2014 National Action Plan for Energy from Renewable Sources adopted by the Council of Ministers on 7 December 2010 Fourth National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Poland, adopted by the Council of Ministers on 23 January 2018 Description The Programme diversifies the Polish energy mix by using nuclear energy. Among others, it sets out the timetable for the construction of a nuclear power plant in Poland and the preparation of the regulatory and management structure for the purposes of this investment project.. The document defines the roles and responsibilities of institutions for the implementation of the Programme and the issues related to ensuring nuclear safety and radiological protection. The Programme also contains an economic justification for the implementation of nuclear energy in Poland and addresses the possibilities of its financing and the methods for handling spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. "Clean Air" Priority Programme launched in September 2018 The document sets out the measures to promote the use of RES, including those designed to enable Poland to achieve its 2020 RES target of a 15% share of RES in the final gross energy consumption. It contains projections of the achievement of this target in a sustainable manner, taking many factors into account, including such ones as the resources of RES and raw materials for fuel production, as well as the legal status of the power grid. It assumes that the pillars for enhancing the use of RES will include a greater use of biomass and wind-based electricity. The document lays down the measures to improve energy efficiency in final energy consumption broken down into end-use sectors and the calculations of final energy savings achieved in the period from 2008 to 2015 and planned to be achieved in 2020. National Plan to Increase the Number of Low- The Plan defines low-energy buildings, their specific Energy Buildings, adopted by the Council characteristics and the measures to be taken by of Ministers on 16 July 2015 the government administration to promote low-energy buildings, also in the scope of their design, construction and reconstruction in a way which ensures energy efficiency, and to increase the share of renewable energy in new and existing buildings. It is a comprehensive programme with the aim of reducing or avoiding the

POL

Europe & Central Asia

The AREP will be implemented in two TERMs to achieve the above goals: 1. AREP TERM 1 (2015-2020) will create and support an atmosphere and activities for the development and growth of REN sector particularly in the PPP mode. It will facilitate a transition from donor supported to private investment driven REN sector with an objective of deploying REN in full commercialization mode during its TERM 2 (2021-2032). 2. The overall goal is to achieve 95% of the total energy mix of 5000 MW to 6000 MW by 2032 translating to a deployment of 4500 MW to 5000 MW of RETS.. In order to achieve the above targets, AREP TERM 1 will identify high priority

AFG

South Asia

• We will continue to work with the Community Energy Contact Group on some of the key policy and delivery issues which impact the sector and support community energy projects through UK-wide growth funding schemes and Ofgem's Industry Voluntary Redress Scheme. • As announced in the Budget, all new Investment Zones will be required to demonstrate how they will support the UK's net zero target. Upcoming delivery milestones

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

necessary to enable the intended applicant to prepare an application for a licence. 22 Application for licence

BTN

South Asia

In November 2015 the country submitted its proposal to the UNFCCC for a national contribution to reduce GHG emissions ("Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of the Republic of Angola"), where it proposes to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 35% by 2030 compared to the baseline scenario (base year 2005), and also, through international funding, reduce a further 15% of its GHG emissions by 2030. One of the factors that contributed to the success of COP 21 was the commitment of countries to develop and

AGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

Due to the large number of parameters used to calculate cattle emissions, the SMC method was applied to determine the uncertainty. This method was also applied in the case of managed solid waste and the FE of some categories of industrial processes. CHAPTER 7: RE-CALCULATION AND IMPROVEMENTS NATIONAL INVENTORY REPORT (IBA 3) Table 747: Estimation method and Uncertainty value

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

c) At the beginning of the third paragraph, the words: "However, in the case of a sale to another organization of low-income housing" are replaced by the words: "In the case of a sale to another organization low-cost housing, other than a low-rent housing company,” and after the word: “notification”, are inserted the words: “by the seller”>; d) After the same third paragraph, a paragraph worded as follows is inserted: "In the case of a sale to a company selling low-cost housing, the purchaser and the seller may decide that the loans are transferred with maintenance of the related guarantees granted by the local authorities, by their groups or by the local chambers of commerce and industry. When they decide to transfer the loans with maintenance of the guarantees, the seller must then approach the guarantor of the loan with a request for the maintenance of the guarantee. The guarantor of the loan announces his decision within three months from the day on which he received the seller's request. In the absence of opposition within this period of three months, the agreement is deemed to have been given. »;

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

With a view to carrying out the program referred to in Article 1 above and notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary, the company is automatically responsible for: 1- the design of integrated solar development projects, hereinafter referred to as solar projects", in areas of the national territory capable of hosting electricity production plants from solar energy, as defined in the "convention" >. By integrated solar energy development project, I mean a project comprising a solar electricity production plant with a cumulative power greater than or equal to 2 megawatts, as well as related achievements and activities contributing to the development of the area. implantation and more generally of the country: 2- Development of the technical, economic and financial studies necessary for the qualification of the sites, the design, the realization and the exploitation of the solar projects; 3- promoting the program to Moroccan and foreign investors; 4- the contribution to the research and mobilization of the financing necessary for the realization and operation of solar projects; 5- the proposal to the administration of the methods of industrial integration for each solar project; 6-project management for the realization of solar projects: Article 2:

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

TITLE I-BUDGET ENFORCEMENT SEC. 30101. AMENDMENTS TO THE BALANCED BUDGET AND EMER GENCY DEFICIT CONTROL ACT OF 1985. (a) REVISED DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS.-Section 251(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(c)) is amended by striking paragraphs (5) and (6) and inserting the following: "(5) for fiscal year 2018-

USA

North America

Table 4-2 shows the change in size of forest areas over the last decade, as well as planned and targeted areas for the next two decades. During the past decade, officially declared forest areas (defined as areas with canopy density of at least 20 percent) increased from less than 10 million ha in 2000 to about 13.6 million ha in 2010. The Government further plans to increase the forested area to 65 percent of total land by 2015, or 15.4 million ha, and to particularly promote protected and conserved forests. This could be achieved by rehabilitation and replantation of degraded or abandoned land. By 2020, the Government plans to increase the forested area to 70 percent of total land.

LAO

East Asia & Pacific

The development of transportation infrastructure is an important element in ensuring economic growth. The EIA report on Global Transportation Energy Consumption noted that while the OECD countries currently account for 55 per cent of the total energy consumed by the transportation sector globally, the non-OECD countries show higher incremental growth in demand from this sector. This is due to the changing economic situation in developing countries, where increased urbanization, diversification of employment, and increase in incomes is the driving factor in the growth of the transportation sector and consequently of the energy demand from the same. The energy demand from the transportation sector in developed countries corresponds to a high level of economic prosperity and a lack of investment in enhancing green transportation alternatives and reducing energy consumption from the sector. On the other hand, developing countries such as India have a dynamically changing economy with faster growing secondary and tertiary sectors, leading to essential growth in transportation infrastructure and services.

IND

South Asia

By type of fuels, the final energy consumption is composed of fossil fuels (oil fuels, coal, coal briquette, natural gas, LPG), renewable fuels (biomass, biofuel and biogas) and electricity (generated from fossil energy and renewable energy). The development of final energy consumption by type of fuels for 2000-2019 is shown in Figure 1-6. As shown in the figure, oil fuels have been dominating the final energy consumption. This occurs because oil fuels is used in transportation and industry sub-sectors which as mentioned previously are the two dominant energy consumers in Indonesia. Between 2000-2019 there are some notable changes in the proportion of final energy consumption. Share of electricity increased from 9% in 2000 to 16% in 2019. This increase is the result of improved access to electricity, indicated by electrification ratio, that has reached around 95% in 2019. The share of LPG increased from merely 1.5% in 2000 became 7% in 2019. This significant LPG consumption increase is the result of residential kerosene-to-LPG conversion program, launched in 2007. The share of biofuel, that has not been used in 2000, has increased to 4.6% in 2019. This growth is associated with government program to promote production and use of biofuel, especially biodiesel. Coal share increased from 7% (2000) to 17% (2019). This growth is attributed to the increased use of coal (relatively cheap fuel) in industry. In the case of natural gas, although in terms of absolute value the consumption is relatively constant around 13 million TOE, in terms of share it decreased from 16% in 2000 to 10% in 2019.

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

corporate income tax. Detailed rules for settlements between the RES fee payer and the transmission system operator are specified in the contract or the instruction referred to in Art. 9 g of paragraph 1. 1 of the Energy Law.

POL

Europe & Central Asia

The Energy-Climate Package introduces a dual approach to achieving the 20% reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels, France. This goal has been split into two sub-goals, one for ETS sectors (subject to the EU quota trading scheme) and another for non-ETS sectors (EU, 2009). Under the revised EUETS directive, a single EU-ETS cap covers the EU member States and the three non-EU member States taking part (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), meaning there are no country-specific emissions caps for the sectors concerned. For the quotas allocated to sectors included in the EU ETS, annual caps have been set for the period from 2013 to 2020; these drop by 1.74% per annum, starting at the average level of the quotas issued by Member States during the second period (2008-2012). The annual caps entail intermediate emissions reduction goals in the sectors covered by the EU ETS for each year up to 2020. More information on the EU ETS and information on the use of market mechanisms in the ETS can be found in Europe's biennial report. Emissions not covered by the ETS are handled as part of the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD). The ESD covers emissions from all sources that do not come under the EU ETS, except emissions derived from international marine transport and from international and European air transport (the latter have been included in the ETS since the 1" of January 2012) and emissions and removals derived from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). It therefore covers a broad variety of diffuse emissions from a wide range of sectors: transport (with road transport first and foremost), buildings (especially heating), services, small industrial facilities, fugitive emissions from the energy sector, fluorinated gas emissions, agriculture and waste management. These sources currently represent about 60%

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

Some of these saving measures concern long-term energy saving policies, such as energy taxes and covenants with the business community. The Netherlands is also stepping up policy measures arising from the Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth (Social Economic Council (SER), 2013), which brings together the activities of more than 40 organisations, including central, regional and local governments, employers' and employees' organisations, nature and environmental organisations, other civil society organizations and financial institutions. The national government is responsible for the elaboration, implementation, execution and evaluation of the policy measures specified in the agreement and will be accountable for this to parliament. The Energy Agreement aims to achieve an average annual saving of 1.5 percent on final energy consumption. In addition, in this context, the Parties agree on a package of measures, which is expected to enable approximately 100 PJ of additional final energy savings to be achieved in 2020 compared to a reference scenario without an Energy Agreement (Daniels et al. 2013, p. 19). The monitoring and assurance of the results of the Energy Agreement is carried out by a permanent committee within the SER in which all parties, including the government, participate. In 2016 it was decided to intensify the agreements in the Energy Agreement in order to guarantee the national target of 100 PJ additional final energy savings. Some of these intensification measures have already been implemented. These measures are also included in Annex I.

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

The EU Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) establishes binding annual greenhouse gas emission levels for Member States for the period 2013-2020. The ESD covers the emissions from the non-emissions trading sector (non-ETS) calculated as the total national emissions without LULUCF minus the national emissions in EU Emission trading sector for the Member State in question. The CO emissions from civil aviation are also excluded from the non-ETS emissions. The non-ETS emissions come from sources such as transport, housing, agriculture and waste. The emissions will be cut by approximately 10 per cent from the 2005 level by 2020 within the EU as a whole. The ESD sets Finland's reduction obligation for the sectors not covered by the EU ETS as 16 per cent of the 2005 emissions. This reduction obligation has been determined in CO2 equivalent (eq) tonnes after the EU internal review of the 2012 greenhouse gas emission inventory submission in the Commission Decision 2013/163/EU. The decision sets annual emission allocation for each Member State for the year 2013 to 2020. The Commission Implementing Decision 2013/634/EU adjusts these annual emission allocations taking into account the changes in coverage of the EU Emission Trading System from 2013 onwards.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

of air, land and maritime traffic, the laws promulgated by 2050, which include aspects of reducing GHG emissions. of the regulations necessary for the effective management of the subsector and taking into account the provisions of the MARPOL 1.11 Convention. Continuation of the modernization of airport infrastructures, road traffic and port infrastructures 1.12. Preparation of the Regulations of the Hydrocarbons Law and the Mining Law 1.13. Promotion of comprehensive energy management for the hydrocarbons industry 1.14. Promote the use of natural gas and LPG in the country 1.15 Energy efficiency management and increased processing to reduce the emission intensity indicator per productive unit in cement and adhesive cement 1.16. Use of energy from renewable sources in production industries 1.17. Require refrigerator importers to import those with efficient energy savings with LED lighting and others that have R-600a as Production of at least: 1 annual report on the civil aviation GEL emissions mitigation plan, 1 annual report on the GHG emissions mitigation plan for land transport 1 annual report on the GHG emissions mitigation plan for maritime transport 2 Enforcement regulations for the two laws promulgated, which include the reduction of GHG emissions. - At least 1 annual environmental sustainability report prepared voluntarily on GHG measurement data from companies in the hydrocarbons sector At least 1 production and export database for calculating GHG emissions from the hydrocarbons industry per part of the relevant environmental authorities to promote the centralization of environmental information At least 50% of rural households will be promoted to the substitution of firewood for LPG by the year 2030 Have the annual report on the production of cement and adhesive cement until the year 2050. Have the best technology with European standards to reduce emissions by 2030 By 2050, 100% of industries will use energy from renewable sources At least by 2030, 80% of imported refrigerators are efficient and of energy saving. - At least customs will have annual information on quantity by type of refrigerators MAV & MTCT 2,600,000 MMH MMH MMH MIE MIE MIE 100,000 500,000 150,000 8,000 0 50,000 2,000,000 0 500,000 10,000 0

GNQ

Sub-Saharan Africa

The creation of favorable conditions and coordination between public policies is required so that the development of electric mobility occurs in such a way that its benefits are fully exploited. The impact of a massive adoption of electric mobility mainly covers the energy, environment and transport sectors. In addition to the possible contribution to achieving the aforementioned energy consumption and emissions goals, the impacts on mobility are also relevant to public health issues. The development of electric vehicles is coupled with a series of advances such as connected autonomous vehicles, the internet of things, and in the way people travel, issues that are of importance today and will have a greater boom in the coming years. years. Panama is in the process of reporting progress and expanding the ambition of its climate actions or NDC, where it seeks to include commitments in the field of transportation; The goals of the current NDC, in the energy sector, are for the year 2030, for which 2030 has been established as the target year for the estimated contribution of this electric mobility strategy. Electric mobility is key to achieving emissions mitigation in the transport sector, so its contribution could be included in the NDC's and be presented as an appropriate mitigation action for Panama or NAMA. Implementing this electric mobility strategy will require a significant amount of financial resources, which could be mobilized by setting clear targets for the transportation sector that would help shape potential GHG mitigation contributions. Despite their energy and environmental efficiency, electric cars take up road space just like conventional ones, so it is important that the development of this technology is accompanied by other efforts that help make transport more efficient together. In this sense, electric buses are an interesting alternative that is also contemplated in this strategy and that are aligned with efforts in mass transportation such as the Metro lines, the recovery of public spaces, among others, which seek to maximize efficiency and achieve sustainable mobility.

PAN

Latin America & Caribbean

Various studies exist for Switzerland which generally focus on specific sub-areas. They include, for example, the impacts of climate change on infrastructure, healthcare costs or economic productivity. Some studies evaluate the costs of climate change at macroeconomic level. The existing studies show that the costs of not taking action - i.e. the costs of unchecked global warming - for Switzerland will reach an annual amount of up to four per cent of GDP by 2050.00 If the development of GDP according to EP2050+ is taken as an approximate basis, these costs will amount to around CHF 38 billion. According to these estimates, annual costs of around one billion francs will be incurred on infrastructure from 2050 and annual costs of up to 11 billion francs in healthcare from 2060. If global efforts succeed in restricting climate change in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement, the costs will be much lower. In this case, the annual costs in 2050 would amount to a maximum of 1.5 per cent of GDP which equates to around 14 billion francs. This means the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero would stand at 2.5 per cent of GDP a year. This is roughly 20 to 30 billion francs. The figures available today on the costs of climate change should be regarded as conservative estimates. This is mainly due to a lack of comprehensive cost calculations that take account of all climate impacts. The actual costs of climate change - and so too the benefits of comprehensive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions - may be significantly higher.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

Summary: NATIONAL PROMOTION REGIME FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY. REGULATION.

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

the three scenarios examined (COeq/year).... Figure 2 - Sectoral distribution of net GHG emissions under the three scenarios examined (COeq/year)...... Figure 3 - Composition of final energy consumption by sector under the three scenarios examined, 2016-2050 (PJ)..... 10 11 Figure 4 - Final energy consumption by fuel type under the three scenarios examined, 2016- 2050 (PJ)... 12 Figure 5-Real GDP developments under the three scenarios examined. 16 Figure 6 - Carbon intensity of the Hungarian economy under the three scenario examined 16 Figure 7 - Changes in GHG emissions per capita and GDP per capita in Hungary... .24 .25 Figure 8 - Gross and net GHG emissions per capita of EU Member States in 2018. Figure 9- Expected change of total annual net GHG emissions for the whole economy under the three scenarios examined (COeq/year).... 28 Figure 10 - Sectoral distribution of net GHG emissions under the three scenarios examined (COeq/year).... .30 Figure 11 - Additional investment needs by sector in the LA and EA scenarios compared to .32 .33 the BAU scenario. Figure 12 - Real GDP developments under the three scenarios examined Figure 13 - Carbon intensity of the Hungarian economy under the three scenarios examined .33 Figure 14-GHG emissions from energy consumption in the residential, service, and agricultural sectors (kt COeq) and the change in GHG intensity (kg CO2eq/MJ), 1990-2018 .37 Figure 15 - GHG emissions (kt COeq) from the electricity and district heating sector and from the other energy industries, 1990-2018. .37 Figure 16-GHG emissions (kt COeq) and GHG intensity (kg COeq/MJ) from industrial energy consumption, 1990-2018. Figure 17-GHG emissions from transport energy consumption (kt COeq) and GHG intensity (kg COeq/MJ), 1990-2018. Figure 18 - Composition of final energy consumption and the change in primary energy consumption, 1990-2018 (PJ)...... .38 .39 .39 Figure 19 - GHG

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

b/ Through the program's activities, to achieve the specific target of total saved energy amount, reduce part of development investment for the energy supply system and bring about socio-economic benefits while contributing to environmental protection, rational exploitation of natural energy resources and sustainable socio-economic development. To strive to save 3-5% of the total energy amount consumed nationwide in the 2006-2010 period and 5-8% in the 2011-2015 period compared with the current energy and socio-economic development forecasts according to normal development plans, with the following specific contents: a/ To develop and put into effective operation models of management of economical and efficient use of energy, applicable to state management, management within enterprises, within buildings and in social life:

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

12/26/2016 Submitted to management for consideration 12/26/2016 Received by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

UKR

Europe & Central Asia

in accordance with instructions in Directive 2018/410 of 14.03.2019, deadline until 30.09.2019, the Republic of Bulgaria has notified the EC of the country's intention to use a derogation on the basis of art. 10c of Directive 2018/410, through the free distribution of GHG quotas to electricity generation installations, with the aim of strengthening cost-effective reductions in GHG emissions and low-carbon investments during the fourth phase of the ETS for the transition period 2021 - 2030. Total the quotas distributed free of charge will not exceed 40% of the quotas that the Republic of Bulgaria will receive according to Article 10, paragraph 2, 6. a) for the transition period 2021-2030, distributed in equal annual amounts. Implementation of a market-based capacity mechanism for a period of 10 years. According to Regulation (EC) 2019/943 on the internal electricity market, which gives Member States the possibility to apply a capacity mechanism in case of concerns about the adequacy of national resources, which operates on a market basis and is in line with the requirements of the permissible values of CO2 of 550 gCO2/kWh electricity and the limit of 350 kgCO2 from fossil fuels on average per year per installed capacity in kW from 1 July 2025. and the implementation of Bulgaria's efforts will be aimed at approving a capacity mechanism that will guarantee the security and adequacy of the system and will enable electricity producers to receive additional financial income for their participation in the market.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

disease, forest fire, invasive species and climate change related hazards will be mitigated through applying research findings. To develop wildlife areas, reducing GHG emission & increasing CO sink, it is planned to reduce illegal action on protected areas by 80% during the plan period. The current level of 114 ton CO emission will be reduced by 50% annually. In collaboration with stakeholders, five new wildlife areas will be demarcated & legalised. In addition, six protected wildlife zones which have unclear boundaries will be demarcated & legalised. Management plan will be prepared for ten protected wildlife areas & those communities who live inside three national parks will be settled outside the parks through providing them with alternative means of livelihood. In addition, the coverage of necessary infrastructure facilities in national parks & protected wildlife zones will reach 70% by the end of the plan period. Moreover, rehabilitating protected wildlife areas & developing CO sinks will increase by 30% from existing 121.86 billion ton. A unit will be established to follow up and resolve conflicts of interests among wildlife & human settlements. Efforts will be made to register one protected wildlife area as World Natural Heritage Site. On the other hand, three rare animals that have escaped from protected areas will be reared and/or multiplied. Implementation Strategies

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Title Act of 25 August 2006 on the Fuel Quality Monitoring and Control System (Official Journal of the Laws of 2019, Item 660) Regulation of the Minister of the Economy of 21 November 2005 on the technical conditions to be met by terminals and stations of liquid fuels, long-distance pipelines for transfer of crude oil and its products, and their location (Official Journal of the Laws of 2014, Item 1853) Act of 6 December 2008 on the Excise Duty (Official Journal of the Laws of 2018, Item 864, as amended) Energy consumption and energy efficiency Act of 20 May 2016 on Energy Efficiency (Official Journal of the Laws of 2019, Item 545) Description biofuels for their own use, the performance of economic activities in the scope of the placing on the market of biocomponents and liquid biofuels, the determination and implementation of the National Indicative Target, the confirmation of compliance with the sustainability criteria, the performance of economic activities in the scope of the award of authorisation for the use of a recognised certification and the performance of economic activities in the scope of the issue of certificates. Moreover, it regulates the rules for carrying out inspections, preparing reports and the procedure for submitting reports. It implements the requirements of Directive 2009/28/EC for achieving the target of a 10% share of renewable energy in transport in 2020 and introducing sustainability criteria for biocomponents and liquid biofuels. The Act lays down the rules for the organisation and operation of a system for monitoring and controlling the quality of fuels intended for use in vehicles, including agricultural tractors, off-road machinery, recreation-related floating vessels, combustion plants and inland navigation vessels, selected fleets and by farmers for their own use. Moreover, it regulates the rules for monitoring and using certain means of reducing GHG emissions in the life cycle of fuels used in transport and electricity used in motor vehicles. The Act also lays down the rules for controlling the quality of solid fuels. The Regulation regulates the issues of the hermetic storage and distribution of liquid fuels with a view to limiting their losses. The Act lays down, among others, the excise duty rates for

POL

Europe & Central Asia

According to VINLEC, if the Government does not take action to diversify energy sources, seek for long-term energy security and promote energy efficiency, the energy sector will develop as follows: Peak electricity demand will be 27 MW on the island of St. Vincent by 2015 and 31 MW by 2020, together with reserve power requiring an installed capacity of 48 MW and 55 MW respectively. Additional capacity will be based on diesel-powered generators and/or heavy fuel oil (HFO).. Gross Electricity generation will rise to 158 GWh by 2015 and 184 GWh by 2020 (VINLEC, 2009), leading to an additional requirement of 1 million imperial gallons of diesel imports by 2015 and more than 3 million imperial gallons by 2020 (assuming that all new generation comes from diesel gensets). Consequently, CO2 emissions will also augment. For the smaller islands of SVG it is also projected that electricity consumption and load will increase over the next decade at a rate of 3% to 4% per year. The number of vehicles is projected to increase at a 2% rate per year (i.e. ~10,000 more cars will be imported by 2015). Meanwhile, fuel consumption in the transport sector will continue increasing as well, reaching 13 million imperial gallons of diesel and 8.3 million imperial gallons of gasoline by 2015, based on observed behaviour in the last years and expected increase in the transport fleet. 19 Based on current investments made by VINLEC and projected growth of the power sector 20 As it relates to projected development in the electricity sector only. 21 There is a considerable discrepancy between values reported by the Licensing Department and Statistics Office.

VCT

Latin America & Caribbean

Title Context and justification Overall objective Specific objectives Methodological approach Project activities Modernized and low-carbon family farming through water control and the use of organic fertilizers and renewable energies in irrigated rice growing. In Senegal, family farming manages to cover 50 to 60% and depending on the agro-meteorological conditions from one year to another. This family farming is essentially driven by three types of groups of actors determined by the size of their farm and also their means of farming. This situation is marked by a socio-economic and political situation which opts to make agriculture the engine of the economy within the framework of the Emerging Senegal Plan (PSE) translated for the sub-sector of agriculture by the Acceleration Program of the Cadence of Senegalese Agriculture (PRACAS). Subsequently, the Senegalese rural environment is marked by a strong population growth, mainly young people, a trend towards urbanization, the effects of climate change and the degradation of natural resources, the massive influx of new non-rural actors to the lands of the national domain, high food prices and the dynamics of regional integration. This project aims to build the capacity of family farmers to enable them to cover at least 80% of the food needs of producers through a low-carbon strategy. Reducing the impact of climatic, economic and environmental risks through the use of the drip system and plot irrigation, the use of organic amendments and solar energy for drainage and the mobilization of water resources in agriculture; the diversification of production in order to improve food security and, ultimately, achieve the country's food sovereignty; training of family farmers in low-carbon techniques and technologies; Improve the environment and the quality of products so that family farming is the engine of industrial and artisanal development for food self-sufficiency in Senegal. The effects of climate change and variability have caused sustained degradation of arable land and the scarcity of water resources, especially rainwater. This has had repercussions on agricultural productivity and, in turn, on the living conditions of the populations. Thus, in terms of methodological approach, it will be a question of making an inventory of fixtures in the areas of intervention of the project and then developing an integrated approach putting the family farmer at the center of decision-making for an appropriation of the project for the

SEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

The MCS stands on the shoulders of decades of work across government agencies. It is based on robust literature related to U.S. decarbonization from peer-reviewed journal articles and studies conducted by private, public, and non-profit organizations. The MCS was further informed by the input received at a series of stakeholder listening sessions with non-governmental and private sector organizations, and by ongoing collaboration with other nations that are developing mid-century strategies, including Canada and Mexico. Finally, the MCS is supported by original analysis and modeling that portrays pathways to a low-GHG economy by 2050. The MCS analysis combines economy-wide modeling that encapsulates all sources and sinks of GHG emissions with more granular sectorspecific models. We reference the results of this analysis throughout the remainder of this report, as we describe our vision for a mid-century low-GHG pathway. But uncertainty is no reason for inaction. Just as we take precautions to avoid major risks in our own lives, and just as we expect governments to take precautions to avoid major risks to their citizens, deep decarbonization will protect Americans against the extreme risks of climate change.

USA

North America

The scenario "with additional measures" projects a 27% share of energy from renewable energy sources in gross final consumption and a 10% share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in the transport sector by 2020, as well as implementation of energy efficiency measures that will lead to 9% of reduction in the final consumption compared to the previous scenario. This scenario includes implementation of measures aimed at reducing final energy consumption in construction, commercial sector and services, industry and transportation (the First Serbian Energy Efficiency Action Plan for 2010-2012 (2010) and Draft Energy Development Strategy by 2025 with projections until 2030). Consequently, a relative reduction in energy consumption (reduction per unit of GDP) in manufacture and services will be accomplished. All activities and documents promote energy efficiency as "new energy resources".

SRB

Europe & Central Asia

Title of the mitigation measure Implementation of energy saving strategies: Phase II Title of the indicator Number of low consumption light bulbs Status Idea Unit UT Institution in charge of implementation Ministry in charge of Energy, CEET Duration 2020-2030 Sector and sub-sector Energy sector Residential and tertiary sub-sector Objective of the mitigation measure The objective of the mitigation measure is to reduce electricity consumption in households; in administrative and public buildings in Togo Brief description and planned activities: Thanks to this mitigation measure, the consumption of electrical energy in households and in administrative and public buildings will be reduced. Phase I of this mitigation measure has was carried out and replaced twenty thousand three hundred and twenty (20320) T-8 and T-12 lamps with electromagnetic ballast and other conventional lamps with T-8 lamps without ballast and LED globe bulbs in administrative and public buildings in Lom and in the regional ancillary services throughout the Togolese territory. Phase II of this mitigation measure will be implemented in the same way as phase I, but households will be given more consideration this time through the payment of part of the cost of energy-saving light bulbs. Estimated result of emissions and estimate of reduced emissions The implementation of phase I of this mitigation measure between 2014 and 2015 led to energy production facilities, in this case thermal power plants, reducing GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions estimated at 3.565 Gg CO-e. Phase II, which will be more ambitious than phase I, will reduce an emission of 35.56 Gg of CO-e. Methodology and Hypothesis: Methodology: The LEAP-IBC tool was used to project energy demand and supply to 2030; the resulting GHG emissions and build GHG mitigation scenarios. Thanks to this tool, the energy needs in the Residential sub-sector have been projected according to the evolution of the population by type of habitat and type of energy source Hypothesis: LED bulbs consume less energy than incandescent bulbs 20,320 bulbs will be replaced per year Main indicators used Reference value indicator National radius of action For the same quantity of light, LED fluorescent lighting consumes one-fifteenth (1 /15) of the energy of an incandescent bulb and lasts about 10 times longer, which makes it easy to amortize the additional investment cost (10 to 20 times more

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

CSDLVBQPPL B T php - Approving Vietnam's national energy development Strategy up to 2020, with 2050 vision Specify the source of the Portal from the Ministry of Justice (wwwno geuvn) when quoting information from this address

VNM

East Asia & Pacific

National Plan on Climate Change With the smoothing of variations in the daily electricity demand curve in Brazil, it is possible to optimize the generation of electricity, preventing thermoelectric plants from being dispatched at peak times, and consequently reducing greenhouse gas emissions.. According to the aforementioned study, it is estimated that the solar thermal program, added to the actions currently underway, has the potential to reduce around 1,200 MW at peak hours and reduce energy consumption of 2,200 GWh/year in the year of 2015, if the original goals of installing approximately 15 million square meters by 2015 are maintained (assuming a baseline of 3 million square meters in 2006). This would represent, in 2015, an annual emission reduction of 640,000 tCOe. Efficient Public Procurement Decrees

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Improved efficiency of energy use in 50% of households and businesses, and 75% of government buildings by 2020;

MHL

East Asia & Pacific

These actions are just a snapshot of what Nova Scotians are doing to reduce GHG emissions and provide a strong contribution to a comprehensive pan-Canadian framework. In addition to the hard cap on GHG emissions, Nova Scotia also has a renewable energy standard for the electricity sector. This standard established requirements for 25% of electricity to be sourced from renewable energy by 2015, and 40% by 2020. ACTION ON PRICING CARBON POLLUTION

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

2 With regard to the average indigenous production of hydroelectricity, development should be aimed at reaching at least 37,400 GWh in 2035. For pumped storage power plants, only production from natural flows is included in these indicative values.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

The phenomenon known as "climate change", the focus of this policy, refers to an ongoing trend of changes in the earth's general weather conditions as a result of an average rise in the temperature of the earth's surface often referred to as global warming. This rise in the average global temperature is due, primarily, to the increased concentration of gases known as greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere that are emitted by human activities. These gases intensify a natural phenomenon called the "greenhouse effect" by forming an insulating layer in the atmosphere that reduces the amount of the sun's heat that radiates back into space and therefore has the effect of making the earth warmer.

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

(Urban Development/Living based on Disaster Risk Information) (iii) Preparing for Evacuation, Emergency Operations, Business Continuity (Providing/Sharing Detailed Disaster Risk Information)

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

Energy supply projections: In the BAU scenario, the Indian power generation capacity increases about nine times from 135 GW to 3500 GW between 2000 and 2100. The share of coal in total generation capacity drops from a little over 65% in 2000 to about 52% by the end of the century but remains the mainstay of power generation. A notable feature of technology trajectory is substantial increase in gas- and nuclear-based capacities, which reach about 1316 GW and 633 GW, respectively, in 2100. The growing attractiveness for natural gas is due to its relatively low investment costs as compared to coal, high operating efficiencies, and suitability for meeting peak load. Nuclear capacity shows enhanced penetration because of the ease of import of uranium post Indo-US nuclear deal. Hydro capacity increases to about 232 GW in 2100, but its share decreases from about 25% in 2000 to 7% of the total installed capacity by 2100. The slow growth in capacity is due to barriers of high investment requirements and long gestation periods. A number of socio-environmental issues are related to dam construction, flooding of areas, damages to the ecology, and resettlement and rehabilitation of the population. The share of renewables excluding biomass increases to about 3% by the end of the century. Biomass share also steadily increases to 2.5% by the end of the century. The total renewables-based generation capacity reaches 98 GW, while that of biomass touches 87 GW in 2100. Electricity Generation (Th)

IND

South Asia

• End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers' new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

are used to check target fulfillment, task and measure implementation, province (autonomous region, municipality) to include large drop of carbon in the 12th FYP Period. Proposed in this document was an accountability

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

Pursuant to the Republic of the Marshall Islands 2009 National Energy Policy and Energy Action Plan, the 2011 National Climate Change Policy Framework and Joint National Action Plan (for climate change adaptation, energy security and disaster risk reduction), and the Green Energy Micronesia Initiative: A 40% reduction in CO emissions below 2009 levels by 2020; Electrification of 100% of urban households and 95% of rural outer atoll households by 2015; The provision of 20% of energy through indigenous renewable resources by 2020; Improved efficiency of energy use in 50% of households and businesses, and 75% of government buildings by 2020; A 20% efficiency improvement in transportation sector fuel use by 2020; Feasibility studies and internationally supported financing plans for innovative game- changing' renewable energy and sustainable development opportunities including Majuro atoll waste-to-energy and Kwajalein/Ebeye atoll OTEC (Ocean Tidal Energy Conversion) plants undertaken by 2015 40% reduction of CO emissions below 2009 levels by 2020, pursuant to the 2009 National Energy Policy and Energy Action Plan, and with subject to the provision of adequate international support. 4 1.5.4 International

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Accelerating our domestic supply of clean and affordable electricity also requires accelerating the connecting network infrastructure to support it. Within this decade, our modern system will prioritise two key features: anticipating need because planning ahead minimises cost and public disruption; and hyper-flexibility in matching supply and demand so that minimal energy is wasted. This more efficient, locally-responsive system could bring down costs by up to 10 billion a year by 2050.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Government responsibility and policy orientation, strictly implement energy conservation assessment and review of fixed asset investment projects system, implement a mandatory energy efficiency labeling system for end-use energy-consuming products, and formulate and improve energy consumption quota standards for high-energy-consuming products. By 2020, the total primary energy consumption will be controlled at around 4.8 billion tons of standard coal. Strengthen energy conservation in key areas. Focus on promoting energy conservation in electric power, steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, chemicals and other industries. Strengthen the energy conservation of new buildings, intensify the energy conservation renovation of existing buildings, and implement green building action plans. Promote energy conservation in transportation, accelerate the construction of a green, low-carbon, safe and efficient integrated transportation system, and promote energy conservation in commercial and civilian use, agriculture and rural areas, and public institutions. Implement major energy-saving projects such as energy-saving renovation projects, energy-saving products benefiting the people, contract energy management promotion projects, and energy-saving technology industrialization demonstration projects. Continue to carry out energy-saving and low-carbon actions for 10,000 enterprises. Vigorously develop circular economy. Key leadership in agriculture, industry, construction, business services, etc. To promote the development of circular economy in the field, control the generation and emission of greenhouse gases from the source and the whole process.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

6th The person in charge of the General Directorate of Energy Policy and Mines. 7th The person holding the Presidency of the State Meteorological Agency. 8th The head of the Directorate of the Autonomous Organism National Parks.

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

electricity consumption is included to yield the total primary energy supply for each sector. to its energy demand. The allocation is straightforward where fuels are used directly by a particular sector. Regarding electricity, the primary energy associated with each sector's

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

In Prime Minister Sanna Marin's government program, the importance of tourism to Finnish society has been taken into account. The government program contains eight measures directly related to the tourism industry and numerous mentions indirectly related to the tourism industry, e.g. to the platform economy, the development of digital and road infrastructure, the reduction of the repair debt of off-road sites. The measures targeted at the tourism sector are particularly focused on the sustainable growth of the tourism sector and are supported for launching a program to increase tourism entrepreneurship, improving the conditions for practicing nature tourism, and strengthening cultural tourism. The government has also launched the Sustainable Tourism 2030 program as part of the implementation of previous entries. In accordance with the EU's decision, Finland is committed to significantly reduce carbon emissions over the next decades. Prime Minister Sanna Marin's government program also emphasizes the importance of operating in accordance with sustainable development. Finland's goal is carbon neutrality by 2035 and halting the depletion of biodiversity by 2030. By strengthening the ecological sustainability of the tourism industry, we aim to realize these goals. Sustainable tourism is also aligned as part of Finland's Arctic policy, both in the new Finnish Arctic strategy published in 2016 and in the spring of 2021. A description of the reforms and investments related to the area

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

Transport Achieve 70:30 modal split between public and private transport Extend the Grant for Energy Efficient Technologies (GREET) scheme (2012) Require Green Mark Certification for existing buildings when retrofitted (2013)

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

As far as establishment of low carbon economy pertains to reduction of emission and less fossil fuel consumption, it can be accepted as a strategy. However, if it concerns economic structural change, different studies would be required to find out how Iran can move towards economic paradigm. Therefore, absence of these subjects in the Action Plan does not mean, they are neglected. National Strategies and Action Plan on Climate Change Iran's Third National Communication 6.4.1. Emission Reduction

IRN

Middle East & North Africa

How the Party addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement (i.e. how NDC target represents progression and highest possible ambition): adline target, and the gap between the business-as-usual emissions curve and emissions curve needed to meet the NDC target. This analysis concluded that the updated NDC to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to 50 per cent below gross 2005 levels by 2030 is a fair contribution for New Zealand in light of the range of indicators outlined above. New Zealand's updated first NDC represents a progression beyond New Zealand's first NDC submitted upon ratification of the Paris Agreement in 2016. It is an increase in ambition in terms of headline number, cost and emissions impact, reduction from business-as-usual emissions and contribution to the global effort to limit warming to 1.5C. How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement (i.e. LD and small island developing states may prepare and communicate strategies, plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development reflecting their special circumstances): Element: How the NDC contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2 Information: New Zealand is working with Tokelau on how best to reflect its strategies and plans, noting that New Zealand already includes Tokelau in its greenhouse gas inventory and provides information from Tokelau in its national communications. Sub-element: Article 2 of the Convention (i.e. stabilisation of New Zealand welcomed the IPCC's Special Report on global warming of 1.5C, and the

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

The share of electricity in the final energy consumption has been steadily increasing from 6.2% in 2000 to 11.8 % in 2016. Between 2000 and 2016, the electricity consumption has grown at an average rate of 6.5%, from 79 TWh in 2000 to 216 TWh in 2016. The electricity consumption was supplied by 59 GW power plant in 2016, an increase from the 37 GW in 2000, which translated to an average annual growth of around 3.0% per annum. Indonesia's electricity is generated using fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, crude oil) and renewable energy sources (hydropower, geothermal, and other R.E: solar PV, wind). Figure 1-6 shows the development of power generation by types of energy sources. In the period of 2000-2016, the electricity generation that have experienced high growths were geothermal ( 11% per annum) and coal (9.0% per annum). Hydropower, gas fuelled and oil-fuelled power plants grew annually at a rate of 6%, 5% and 4%, respectively. The high growth of coal plants had resulted in significant increase of coal share in the power generation mix, from 37.3% in 2000 to 54.7% in 2016. Despite the high growth, the share of geothermal in power mix was still low, i.e. 4.3% in 2016. Overall, the renewable fuel accounted for around 12% of the total electricity generation in 2016.

IDN

East Asia & Pacific

(2) For the purposes of this section, the Minister must determine a figure that represents the amount of Fiji's greenhouse gas emissions for the year 2013 in accordance with the IPCC methodologies. (11) The Minister, with the assistance of the Committee, must take all reasonable steps to promote the achievement of each carbon budget. Form of carbon budgets

FJI

East Asia & Pacific

8.19 For economic transformation, energy and private sector development (PSD) emerge as the leading sectors, accounting for more than half the total cost (see Figure 8.7). In the Energy Sector, most of the costs are derived from survey and assessing the feasibility and subsequent development of projects such as geothermal, methane and peat that promote Rwanda's self-reliance in power. For PSD, initiatives to promote economic opportunity such as credit expansion to facilitate businesses, development of SEZS and an integrated logistics system figure as prominent cost drivers. Figure 8.7 Percentage Contribution of Sectors to the Cost of Economic Transformation e 8.5 Breakdown of Rural Development Thematic Area by Sectors (RWF million)

RWA

Sub-Saharan Africa

1.2 The UK has made world-leading progress in cutting our GHG emissions while growing the economy. We were the first country to introduce legally binding long-term emissions reduction targets, known as carbon budgets, through the Climate Change Act in 2008. Under this legal framework, the UK has led the world in delivering clean growth. Between 1990 and 2018, we reduced our emissions by over 43%² while growing the economy by 75%³. In June 2019, the UK became the first major economy to pass a net zero law to end its contribution to climate change by 2050 and in November we will welcome the world to the UN's climate change summit COP26 in Glasgow. 1.3 Net zero will require all sectors of the UK economy to deliver substantial further emissions reduction. Now is the time to build on the frameworks set out in the Industrial Strategy and the 2017 Clean Growth Strategy, which presented a 'high ambition' emissions reduction pathway through carbon budgets 4 and 5 to 2032³. 1.4 Addressing climate change will deliver a range of co-benefits including improved public health, reduced air pollution and noise. In doing so we will improve the places in which we live and work, our health and wellbeing and outcomes for future generations, as well as reducing inequality and promoting a fairer society.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

• Following the IPCC's fourth assessment report, the countries met in Copenhagen in 2009 to set a goal of limiting average global temperature rises to +2°C, which involves halving global emissions by 2050. In 2007, the IPCC estimated that this goal would require reductions of 80-95% by 2050 in developed countries. • now aims to limit global warming "well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C", and to achieve a global balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorption - "carbon neutrality" - in the second half of the 21st century; • Recognizes the principles of "equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances." This requires the countries that have contributed the most to climate change (due to their past and current greenhouse gas emissions) and that are in a position to do so (capacity and potential to reduce emissions) to play a more active role in global climate action.

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

, MINISTER ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND BHUPENDER YADAV LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 75 Date: 23 August, 2022 Dear Mr. Ibrahim Thiaw, Pursuant to decision 1/CP.20, India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the UNFCCC on 2nd October, 2015, which is now its first NDC under the Paris Agreement. In accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement and relevant decisions, India hereby communicates an update to its existing NDC for the period up to 2030. At 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the UNFCCC held in Glasgow, United Kingdom, in November 2021, India strengthened its commitment to climate action by presenting to the world, the five nectar elements (Panchamrit). This update to India's existing NDC translates the 'Panchamrit' announced at COP 26 into enhanced climate targets, after carefully considering national circumstances and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Mr. Ibrahim Thiaw Acting Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Encl: As above. India's NDC do not bind it to any sector specific mitigation obligation or action. India's goal is to reduce overall emission intensity and improve energy efficiency of its economy over time and at the same time protecting the vulnerable sectors of economy and segments of our society. This update to India's existing NDC is a step forward towards our long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070. No change in other sections or text or otherwise of the document containing existing first NDC is proposed at this stage. India reserves the right to provide further updates by way of additional submissions on its NDC, as and when required. India reaffirms its commitment to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. With regards, Yours sincerely, (Bhupender Yadav) , , 110003, : 011-20819275

IND

South Asia

1. Commercial se research projects recommended by SIRDC and smlar instrutiens by 2012; and 1. Streamline existing universities to increase the beaching and interface of science, technology and mathematics with busness by 2013. 4.9.5 Policy Measures i. Review the National Science and Technology Policy to strengthen the role of Science, Technology and Innovation in the ecoriomy; ii. Establish a Science, Technology and Innovation Performance Management Framework for effective co-ordination of national Science, Technology and Innovation activities, tracking implementation of various intiatives and evaluation diereof, This will also seek to leverage die activities of international organisations working in the country; iii. Collaborate with regional and international research institutions and continuous monitoring of science and technology developments globally to the benefit of Zimbabwe on Science, Technopay and Innovation issues; v. Strengthen policies to enhance awareness and public understanding of Science, Technology and Innovation and improving the quality of scientific and technological learning; Promote science and technopgy as an integral component of individual life improvement. The identification of the Science, Technology and Innovation issues will be done through analysis of all socio-economic sector needs; vi. Engage international organisations for finding of dentified research and development projects and other Science, Technology and Innovation initiatives; vli, Draft and implement a policy to raise Research and Development (R&D) funding to at least 1% of GDP in line with the position adopted following the rat fication of the SADC Protocol on Science and Technology; V. Encourage the Private Sector to provide capital to bridge the gaps in science and technology and in financing innovation programmes in a manner that is mutually berieficiat Promote the use of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) especially those with science and technology dimensions; x. Promote the teaching of mathematics and sciences at every level of education together with enhanced training of teachers and lecturers to augment Science Technology and Innovation awareness and appreciation of ts importance and impact on everyday life among policy makers and the general public; viii. X. 80 xl. Set up networks of science and technology with Zimbabwean experts in the Diaspora with specific locally based focal points and specific technology mobilisation goals. The focus will be on technologies that accelerate productivity; and Promote development of local alternative energy tealino pgies. xil.

ZWE

Sub-Saharan Africa

from renewable sources. Planning rules and guidelines should be adapted to take into consideration cost-effective and environmentally beneficial renewable heating and cooling and electricity equipment. (42) For the benefit of rapid deployment of energy from renew- able sources and in view of their overall high sustainable and environmental beneficial quality, Member States should, when applying administrative rules, planning structures and legislation which are designed for licensing installations with respect to pollution reduction and con- trol for industrial plants, for combating air pollution and for the prevention or minimisation of the discharge of dan- gerous substances in the environment, take into account the contribution of renewable energy sources towards meeting environmental and climate change objectives, in particular when compared to non-renewable energy installations. (43) In order to stimulate the contribution by individual citizens to the objectives set out in this Directive, the relevant authorities should consider the possibility of replacing authorisations by simple notifications to the competent body when installing small decentralised devices for pro- ducing energy from renewable sources. (44) The coherence between the objectives of this Directive and the Community's other environmental legislation should be ensured. In particular, during the assessment, planning or licensing procedures for renewable energy installations, Member States should take account of all Community environmental legislation and the contribution made by renewable energy sources towards meeting environmental and climate change objectives, in particular when com- pared to non-renewable energy installations. (45) National technical specifications and other requirements falling within the scope of Directive 98/34/EC of the Euro- pean Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 lay- ing down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and rules on Information Society services (), relating for example to levels of quality, testing methods or conditions of use, should not create barriers for trade in renewable energy equipment and systems. Therefore, support schemes for energy from renewable sources should not prescribe national technical specifications which deviate from exist- ing Community standards or require the supported equip- ment or systems to be certified or tested in a specified location or by a specified entity. (46) It is appropriate for Member States to consider mecha- nisms for the promotion of district heating and cooling from energy from renewable sources. (47) At national and regional level

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia ("Narodne novinex no. 130/2009"), as a basic document defining the energy policy, sets the following goals related to the energy efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources: - Energy efficiency in energy production and consumption 10% reduction in direct energy consumption by 2020 compared to the average consumption in the period from 2001 to 2005. Increasing the share of renewable energy sources in gross direct energy consumption to 20% in 2020, the sectoral goals are as follows: 35% of renewable energy sources in the production of electricity, including large hydropower plants (9.2% of the total share of renewable sources energy). - 10% in transport (2.2% of the total share of renewable energy sources). 20% for heating and cooling (8.6% of the total share of renewable energy sources). In accordance with the stated goals of the Energy Development Strategy, the following planning documents were prepared that define measures to encourage the increase of energy efficiency and measures to encourage the use of renewable energy sources:

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Figure 10: Emission developments of households (left) and the services sector (right) in Mt CO₂eq based on the 'Business as usual' and ZERO basis scenarios of the EP2050+. Source: Prognos/TEP Energy/Infras/Ecoplan 2020. Figure 10 shows the possible development of emissions from households and in the services sector according to EP2050+ to 2050. A reduction to zero for households is possible by 2050, but there are low levels of remaining emissions from older infrastructure in the services sector. The comparison with the 'Business as usual' scenario clearly shows that much greater efforts are needed to maintain the reduction pathway towards net-zero emissions. According to the EP2050+, the decarbonisation of the heating supply system is the first main lever for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of households. Heating supply will continue to make up the biggest part of energy requirements long-term. It is mainly met today by heating oil and natural gas. These fossil energies must be replaced by emission-free alternatives by 2050. Figure 11 shows the development of energy consumption in the ZERO basis scenario according to EP2050+.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

3) the share of applied research support 70% (small), 60% (medium), 50% (large); 4) the share of product development support 45% (small), 35% (medium), 25% (large); 5) the share of support for the feasibility study 70% (small), 60% (medium), 50% (large); 6) the share of support for innovation advisory services and support services 50% (small), 50% (medium);

EST

Europe & Central Asia

7. The staff to be hired at DESMIE SA based on the staff announcement 1/91/2008 which is ongoing, will be hired by ADMIE SA to cover its needs. 8. Until the completion of one of the procedures and infrastructures that are necessary for the operation of LAGIE SA as Market Operator, as well as all the actions required in order to be able to exercise the powers assigned or to it, as they are foreseen in this law and in the acts issued pursuant to its authorization, and on the other hand the procedures and infrastructures that are necessary for the operation of ADMIE SA as the Manager of the ESMIE, as well as all the actions required in order to be able to exercise the responsibilities assigned to it, such as those - provided for in this law and in the acts issued pursuant to its authorization, DESMIE SA which the ; was established by article 14 of Law 2773/1999 operates the electricity market and manages the ESMIE in accordance with the provisions issued under the authority of Law 2773/1999 and in particular the Code of Management of the Electricity System and Transactions (B ΄ 655/2005) as applicable. 1 or -

GRC

Europe & Central Asia

On the eve of the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, China made a solemn commitment to the world: to reduce carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020, compared to 2005 levels; to increase the non-fossil share of energy consumption to around percent by 2020. In the past ten years, China has firmly implemented the national strategy to actively address climate change, and unswervingly pushed forward the work to address climate change. By the end of 2020, China's carbon intensity had decreased by about 48.4% compared with 2005, and non-fossil energy accounted for 15.9% of primary energy consumption, significantly exceeding the 2020 targets. Not only has China exceeded its climate commitments to the international community ahead of schedule, in September 2020 China announced to would scale up its NDCs, strive to peak CO emissions before 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. In October 2021, China officially submitted "China's Achievements, New Goals and New Measures for Nationally Determined Contributions" to the secretary of UNFCCC and including "strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030, and strive to achieve carbon dioxide emissions by 2060. China's updated NDC goals are as follows: aims to have CO emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. By 2030, CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

The National Energy Policy states the Government's policies for the planning and management of the nation's energy sector over the next 10 years. The rationale for this time horizon is the 20:30:30 policy target that has been formulated. This policy target envisions a 20 % contribution of renewable energy to the energy mix by 2020 and a 30 % reduction in energy consumption though energy efficiency and conservation efforts. Currently, renewable energy only makes a small contribution of less than 1% towards Palau's total energy supply and experiences are limited to solar PV and solar hot water units. Achieving a target of 20% by 2020 will require expansion into other forms of renewable energy such as wind, waste (landfill gas), hydropower and perhaps marine energy (wave energy and currents). At current world market prices for fuel and local tariffs for electricity, only solar water heaters can be considered financially viable options. I.e. an increased renewable energy contribution will require subsidies or increases in electricity tariffs. Financing a transition towards a greener energy through tariff increases is not considered feasible, given the state of Palau's economy and it is hoped that development partners will assist closing the gap between supply cost for renewable energy and conventional energy. In the field of energy conservation, numerous efforts under way to improve energy efficiency both on the supply and demand side. Achieving a 30 % reduction in primary energy consumption by 2020 is feasible but will require more efforts in demand and supply side management, improvements in transport sector efficiency and the introduction of regulations that curb wasteful practices. Relation between Policy and Strategic Action Plan

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean