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ESSAY: Aspects of Belief of Jainism Essay When learning about religions and philosophies, I find that origins or backgrounds are essential in interpreting the context and content of a religion. For Jainism, it was vital to learn that it is substantially older than a more well-known and contemporary Sikhism. Though both have close ties with Hinduism, Sihkism’s origins date back to only about 500 years ago while Jainism has a history of nearly 2500 years (Molloy 191). Sikhism exhibits a more militaristic approach to monotheism despite being more modern. As such, the Jainist belief that no Creator exists and that the universe is simply guided by natural forces becomes especially interesting as it rejects a very traditional integration of deities into theology. Following this, it is also interesting to me to observe in what ways a religion interacts with the world through its perspective. As mentioned above, Jainism rejects the belief in a Creator or God. This belief is held up by several philosophical questions that are even asked in atheistic circles. These include contradictions in typical monotheistic religions such as God being both perfect and creating an imperfect world or God loving all life but still allowing suffering. Jainism even poses a logical fallacy, which suggests that if everything in the universe had to be created, would God not also need to be created? This worldview is surprisingly modern and potentially controversial for its time. Ethics is another vital component of any philosophy or belief system. Jainism establishes five distinct principles of ethics which are Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Astheya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (chastity), and Aparigraha (non-possession). I am especially interested in Ahimsa which is the core of Jainist ethics. This is because I believe that many religions excuse violence due to their beliefs, which is inherently immoral to my values. Jainism proposes that non-violence is a priority and therefore inexcusable. Work Cited Molloy, Michael. Experiencing the World’s Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change . McGraw Hill, 2010.

ESSAY: Aspects of Cultural Misperception Essay It is important to note that it is highly common for one culture not to be able to understand the state, internal struggles, and intricacies of a different culture. The given notion is called ethnocentrism, where one’s perspective and views are centered around his or her own culture. For example, the book states: “people in America don’t understand, but when an American chain opens in a third-world country, people go crazy” (Noah 188). As a person living in Canada, I embody Canadian culture, where most people from developing nations might not fully understand that a mere fast food restaurant chain is not such a thrilling occurrence for regular consumers. The book also states that “Westerners are shocked and confused by that, but it’s a case of the West reaping what it has sown. The colonial powers carved Africa, put the black man to work, and did not properly educate him” (Noah 194). Similarly, many assume that Canadian people are excessively polite as part of the culture, but I would want others to know that it is not the case. One of the most interesting aspects of the book is how certain tyrants are not perceived as such in other places due to the lack of their relevance, which is why it is true for current leaders in Canada as well. The text states: “so in Europe and America, yes, Hitler is the Greatest Madman in History, In Africa, he’s just another strongman from history books” (Noah 196). Although Canada did not have such tyrants, many people outside Canada perceive that our leaders are perfect and representative of true democracy. However, it is not always true because they also face challenges for power struggles and do not always behave in the nation’s best interests, which are becoming more evident in recent events. Work Cited Noah, Trevor. Born a crime . Doubleday Canada, 2016.

ESSAY: Aspects of Electronic Banking Proposal Introduction The advancement of data and communication technology provides a new possibility for developing company strategies centered on client value co-creation. This is especially noticeable in the financial sector, more specifically, the banking field. In this situation, the competitive process can be aided by e-banking operations. Financial services are currently evolving in tandem with technological advancements. Clients always had to come directly to the financial institution to perform activities with their money. However, with the progress of technologies, the same actions were allowed to be done distantly with the help of electronic banking (e-banking). Today, e-banking implies a financial information system provided by the bank using modern wireless technology to facilitate the quick and easy conduct of financial transactions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the field of electronic banking and explore the correlation between e-banking and customer satisfaction. The significance of our study is in the critical issues of e-banking and the areas of improvement that the banks can eliminate or improve to boost customer satisfaction. To increase customer satisfaction with e-banks, businesses must increase the following factors: speed of operations, dependability, safety and confidentiality, and a client-oriented approach. Literature Review In the last 10-20 years, financial institutions have significantly moved from traditional financing to E-banking (Khatoon, Zhengliang, and Hussain, 2020). The waves of development and technical breakthroughs aided banks in expanding their number of clients and E-banking products, which paved the way for financial services to flourish and become more accessible (Khatoon, Zhengliang, and Hussain, 2020). Clients now can see watch their account balances, perform cash transactions, deposit accounts, text, and transfer payments to other individuals and companies using directions supplied to their smartphones by institutions. Electronic banking is also known as internet or mobile banking. These are platforms that banks may use to offer clients easier access to services (Nurhadi and Ilfitriah, 2020). Namely, a client utilizing online banking does so via a computer connected to the internet, while a consumer using banking apps does so using a smartphone or tablet (Khatoon, Zhengliang, and Hussain, 2020). According to Khatoon, Zhengliang, and Hussain (2020), wireless usage of e-banking demonstrates the distinction between the two types of banking settings, while users consider flexibility to be among the most crucial characteristic of the electronic banking business. The most important aspect of electronic banking is its dependability (Haq and Awan, 2020). More significantly, bank consumers think that important online financial institutions are being utilized, even though digital banking is the least expensive route. Customer Satisfaction Client satisfaction is among the essential topics in consumer research nowadays. In general, it connects buying process to post-buying phenomena, including attitude adjustment, purchase frequency, and brand recognition (Al Ali, 2021). According to Hammoud, Bizri, and El Baba (2018), a sense of pleasure occurs when consumers share their impression of the goods or services and when their experiences align with the expectations. Thus, satisfaction levels correlate directly with the work of banks’ apps and services. Define consumer satisfaction, a variety of definitions have been presented. Nonetheless, the concept of evaluating service execution and assumptions appears to be shared by most interpretations. Hammoud, Bizri, and El Baba (2018) describe satisfaction as a favorable post-purchase assessment judgment about a good or service. Likewise, Banu, Mohamed, and Parayitam (2019) described client satisfaction as a customer reaction to the appraisal of the observed gap between hopes and outcomes after usage. Satisfaction may also be defined as the result of a post-purchase evaluation of a service or good as opposed to the prior-buying stage’s expectations. Other studies, contrary to this, have discovered that the influence exercised throughout the purchase and consuming stages of the goods or services may also have a significant effect on the user’s judgments of contentment. Therefore, client satisfaction is a consumer’s experience of joy or unhappiness after comparing an item’s or service’s effectiveness to their expectations (Carranza et al., 2021). Following these criteria and the context of this study, client satisfaction is the overall user’s perspective formed in reaction to utilizing any type of E-Banking service. As a result, E-Banking qualities may enhance, decline, or maintain the same level of client contentment. Customer Satisfaction and E-Banking With a variety of research pointing to a link between e-banking customer experience and customer happiness, the issue lies within the definition of services of products that make customers increasingly happy and satisfied. According to our study’s examination of the literature, the following factors play an immense role in client satisfaction: speed of operations, dependability, safety and confidentiality, and a client-oriented approach (Usman, Monoarfa, and Marsofiyati, 2020). With the proper combination of these elements, an e-banking organization will be able to increase the level of customer satisfaction. Additionally, to create a bigger client base, Alabsy (2018) advises banks to make a more extensive awareness of the service ambiguity. The speed of operations implies the speed of money transfers, payments, money withdrawals, or money deposits. Dependability in this situation can be described as the overall reliability of the app and the safety of its usage. Additionally, safety and confidentiality prove to play a significant role in the evaluation of satisfaction levels. In case an organization has a bad reputation and a scandalous record, the level of trust in the company can significantly decline. The last factor, the client-oriented approach, is responsible for the quick response of the support team. Proper responses from support teams can change the attitudes of clients drastically. Methodology The given research is based on the qualitative approach, which focuses on the accumulation and analysis of the retrieved information. Among the chosen variables were the e-banks such as PayPal Bank, WebMoney Bank, and Payoneer Bank. The selected sample was a group of five people who willingly decided to participate in the study and share their opinions on their experiences while testing the banks mentioned above, specifically their services. The selected group analyzed in one day and shared their results via a Google platform. As has been mentioned, the analyzed literature has defined the following elements like the ones that contribute to client satisfaction from e-banks: speed of operations, dependability, safety and confidentiality, and a client-oriented approach. Therefore, the group of volunteers has been asked to test the apps of the banks and rate the given variables from 1 to 5, which in further stages of the research helped understand the correlation between the mentioned factors and the level of satisfaction. To collect the data correctly, a platform such as Google Forms was utilized. According to the findings, the e-bank WebMoney Bank provided the lowest results and, therefore, did not lead to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, all five participants gave PayPal Bank the highest rates for speed of operations, dependability, safety and confidentiality, and a client-oriented approach. Therefore, the findings indicated that these factors influenced client satisfaction drastically. Nevertheless, the conducted research contains limitations, which could lead to low-quality results. Among the limitations is the sample size which might be considered insufficient for robust statistical data. Moreover, the chosen individuals could be biased towards the mentioned e-banks, which could lead to the distortion of the evidence. Lastly, time constraints also played a key role in determining the success of the research. Conclusion Hence, nowadays, a significant number of businesses allow their consumers to access almost all of their services and products via multiple channels, notably electronic banking. From this perspective, the usage of e-banking by financial institution consumers is seen as a significant achievement and has been thoroughly investigated in many kinds of research. Decades ago clients had to go directly to the financial institution and today everything can be accessed via smartphones and other gadgets. Yet, while more and more services are being offered to consumers, the key is client satisfaction, which can be defined by several factors. According to the analyzed studies, among the factors that play the most prominent role in client satisfaction speed of operations, dependability, safety and confidentiality, and a client-oriented approach are the leading elements. To compare the given information with reality, research was conducted with the help of five participants. The testes banks, PayPal Bank, WebMoney Bank, and Payoneer Bank, revealed that the leading e-platform is PayPal Bank, whose factors were proven to be high-quality and led to client satisfaction. Reference List Alabsy, N. (2018) ‘The impact of electronic banking services on customer satisfaction in the Sudanese banking sector’, International Business Research , 11(6), pp. 102–109. Al Ali, R. M. S. S. (2021) ‘Customer affecting-satisfaction factors in electronic banking systems: three significantly selected research perspectives’ Iraqi Journal of Science , pp. 271–275. Banu, A. M., Mohamed, N. S., and Parayitam, S. (2019) ‘Online banking and customer satisfaction: evidence from India’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation , 15(1-2), pp. 68–80. Carranza, R., Díaz, E., Sánchez-Camacho, C. and Martín-Consuegra, D. (2021) ‘E-Banking adoption: an opportunity for customer value co-creation’, Frontiers in Psychology , 11, pp. 1–10. Hammoud, J., Bizri, R.M. and El Baba, I. (2018) ‘The impact of e-banking service quality on customer satisfaction: evidence from the Lebanese banking sector’, Sage Open , 8(3), pp. 1–12. Haq, I. U., and Awan, T. M. (2020) ‘Impact of e-banking service quality on e-loyalty in pandemic times through interplay of e-satisfaction’, Journal of Management , 17(1), pp. 39–55. Khatoon, S., Zhengliang, X., and Hussain, H. (2020) ‘The Mediating Effect of customer satisfaction on the relationship between Electronic banking service quality and customer’ Sage Open , 10(2), pp. 1–12. Nurhadi, M., and Ilfitriah, A. M. (2020) ‘The understanding customer satisfaction on internet banking: a case study in Indonesia’, Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen , 16(1), pp. 36–46. Usman, O., Monoarfa, T., and Marsofiyati, M. (2020) ‘E-Banking and mobile banking effects on customer satisfaction’, Accounting , 6(6), pp. 1117–1128.

ESSAY: Aspects of End-Stage Renal Failure Case Study End-Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) is a decrease in the excretory filtration systems of the kidneys, which arose due to the death of nephrons and was provoked by a chronic organ disease. The extinction of renal function causes a violation of normal life, to which various body systems respond with complications. The incidence of ESRF has recently reached more than 1 in 7 adults in the US, with 144 cases per million reported globally (Cobo et al., 2018). In the last decade, the prevalence of ESRF has been steadily increasing in parallel with the rapid growth of the population, including about 759 people per one million (Benjamin & Lappin, 2021). In 2017, the ESRF-caused mortality rate was 28% worldwide, with frequent comorbidities of ESRF being hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancy (Cobo et al., 2018). Given this evidence, ESRF is a highly dangerous disorder with numerous adverse effects on the population’s health. The body cavity associated with the disease is the abdominal cavity, where the kidneys, the main affected organs, are located. Kidneys are gradually losing their functions, failing to filter blood; there may also be a deterioration in blood clotting, the level of prothrombin decreases, and thrombocytopenia occurs (Cobo et al., 2018). The affected body system is the urinary system, which cannot efficiently eliminate waste from the blood; however, changes in the central nervous system may also occur, such as sleep disorders, problems with concentration, and inhibited reactions. Prefixes that could be used for describing the disease are nephro-, hemato-, patho-, and reno-. While nephro- and reno- mean kidney, which can be used to describe the organ’s failure, hemato- is defined as blood and can be utilized to specify the issues with blood filtration. Patho-, which means disease, can be used to explain the pathologic nature of ESRF. Thrombo- could also be used, as blood clotting may occur together with ESFR. A useful suffix for ESFR could be -al, defined as “about”; for example, renal is “about the kidney”. Another similar suffix is -ic, which has the same meaning. Suffixes -in and -ism can be utilized to discuss the condition of ESRF, with -ism also referring to the process. Finally, -osis explains the abnormal condition of the kidneys and body systems. Combining forms that could be used to describe ESFR can be renal, nephric, and nephritic, which means “relating to the kidney”. Nephrosis could be used to describe the degenerative nature of the kidney tubules. Nephrogenic and renogenic are also utilized to describe the excretory body system, as these words are defined as “originating in or derived from the kidney”. Renopathy and nephropathy may be used to discuss a kidney disorder. Nephroma is another word specific for the kidney system, as it relates to the tumor of the renal cortex; a nephrocyte is a cell involved in the excretory process. As chronic renal failure causes a decrease in hemoglobin levels, hematopoiesis is a term related to this disorder. Although this process is defined as the creation of blood cells, during ESRF, it becomes suppressed. Hypertension, myocarditis, and pericarditis are also related to the disorder (Cobo et al., 2018). Hypertension is defined as elevated blood pressure. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscles. Pericarditis is the swelling of the heart’s pericardium. Congestive heart failure , where the heart cannot efficiently pump blood, can occur. Convulsions or random muscle contractions can also be observed in most ESRF patients (Cobo et al., 2018). Skin irritability is a frequent symptom during ESRF. Anemia , or lack of hemoglobin, is also closely related to ESRF. Diarrhea is another condition that can emerge, with the patient’s bowel movements becoming watery. It is extremely difficult to keep my productivity up; I feel fatigued most of the time. I often have a dry mouth, and I recently lost a lot of body weight. I noticed that my skin is less normal, it has less color and is easily irritated. References Cobo, G., Lindholm, B., & Stenvinkel, P. (2018). Chronic inflammation in end-stage renal disease and dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , 33 (3), 35-40. Benjamin, O., & Lappin, S. L. (2021). End-stage renal disease. StatPearls.

ESSAY: Aspects of Globalization Concept Report (Assessment) Globalization is the extent to which information, investments, trade, political cooperation, cultural values, and social ideas flow among different countries. It is creating a borderless world for managers by allowing them to conduct their operations internationally rather than locally, hire employees from different countries, buy raw materials from the best sources, and sell goods in various markets (Samson et al., 2020). Although the borderless world presents many opportunities to managers, it also entails risks, such as information security and cultural differences. A global mindset is a manager’s ability to recognize and influence people or organizations that have different cultural, social, political, and psychological backgrounds (Samson et al., 2020). It has become imperative for international companies because managers constantly interact with individuals with different perspectives. To ensure effective operations and collaboration, managers should be able to understand these perspectives instead of sticking to a worldview prevalent in their home country. The international landscape is changing since China, India, and Brazil demonstrate economic growth and play an important role in global business. For example, China has received more foreign investments than any other place and has increased its number of Fortune Global 500 companies from 16 in 2005 to 98 in 2015 (Samson et al., 2020). While China is growing through manufacturing, India develops economically through services, software design, and precision engineering. A multinational corporation (MNC) is a company, with more than 25% of revenues which come from operations in countries other than the home country of the parent organization (Samson et al., 2020). MNCs are characterized by close cooperation among affiliates in different countries and a single management authority making key decisions for the parent company and all affiliates (Samson et al., 2020). Additionally, MNC managers have a global perspective, viewing the whole world as one market. Outsourcing refers to participating in a global division of labor that enables companies to complete certain activities in locations with the cheapest raw materials and labor (Samson et al., 2020). Exporting is an entry strategy in which the company’s production facilities remain in the home country, while produced goods are transferred to other countries for sale. Licensing is an entry strategy in which the company in one country gives firms in other countries access to specific resources, such as technology or trademark rights, to produce and sell its products abroad (Samson et al., 2020). Direct investing is an entry strategy where the company manages its production facilities in another country. Reference Samson, D., Donnet, T., & Daft, R. L. (2020). Management (7th ed.). Cengage Learning Australia.

ESSAY: Aspects of Refractory Superalloys Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. AI integrated composite additive manufacturing 3. Micromechanics of high-temperature materials 4. Resolving safety issues of batteries 5. How glasses creep 6. Reference Introduction Fig. 1. Notes: (Cruz, 2022). The research topic of refractory superalloys presents many interesting challenges on how to improve the qualities of the existing materials of gas turbines. According to James Coakley currently, technological progress has reached a limit in terms of the materials for gas turbines (Cruz, 2022). Specifically, gas turbines require low-density materials which, simultaneously, have a high level of mechanical performance across temperatures and times and are resistant to corrosion and oxidation. The existing nickel-based superalloys have such qualities, yet there has been no progress in terms of their improvement over the past seven decades. As of now, the nickel-based superalloys can be utilized at 11,000C, and such a temperature level cannot be increased with the existing technology in different fields, including casting. In order to overcome the established limit of capabilities of gas turbine materials, refractory high entropy superalloys can be used. The notable feature of such superalloys is that they have a body-centric cubic crystal structure which means that every crystal has one atom in the middle of it. The refractory high entropy superalloys have an ordered crystal structure which considerably improves the capability to withstand high temperatures by reinforcing it. Currently, the refractory high entropy superalloys are still being researched by scientists, yet there are already organizations which are interested in the use of such materials, including the Air Force. The researchers working on the new generation of superalloys will focus on two main issues in the future. The first aspect which scientists will explore is what deformation micromechanisms refractory high entropy superalloys tend to have. Another important issue which will be studied during the research is how stable the material will be during the period of exposure to a high temperature. AI integrated composite additive manufacturing Fig. 2. Notes: (Cruz, 2022). Another interesting research topic presented during the conference concerned the integration of artificial intelligence into composite additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is an alternative to the traditional methods of composite production (Cruz, 2022). The former methods, including compression molding and autoclave, require large and expensive machinery, which implies using molds to create simple geometries. Additive manufacturing such as direct ink writing, as opposed to the traditional one, involves 3D printing composites and creating complex geometries while minimizing material waste. Moreover, additive manufacturing considerably improves the composite microstructure making it more resilient and durable. The entire chain of additive manufacturing processes makes ink, which initially has randomly aligned fibers, stronger. As the ink goes through the nozzle of a 3D printing syringe, its fibers become highly aligned. As a result, the ink after the 3D printing procedure has much more superior qualities than that at the beginning of the process. Nevertheless, a key problem with the direct ink writing technology lies in the fact that the properties of the ink change depending on the environment. Yet, artificial intelligence can help to determine the ideal material since researchers can train it to identify the required conditions for the ink. Essentially, artificial intelligence enables researchers to easily discover ideal process parameters, which saves many hours of work and makes the entire procedure more predictable. Since artificial intelligence makes it easier to find excellent conditions for the material, the quality of the end-product also improves. Moreover, the performance increase occurs across all of the fields, including mechanical, thermal, and electrical, making the printing process more efficient and effective. The newly discovered capacity of artificial intelligence can significantly enhance the quality of 3D printers and make them more accurate. Micromechanics of high-temperature materials Fig. 3. Notes: (Cruz, 2022). The report presents information on the topic of micromechanics of high-temperature materials, which have many technological applications. For instance, high-temperature materials are extensively utilized in the spheres of rocket science, hypersonic flights, the nuclear energy industry, and many others (Cruz, 2022). The current limits of the materials are dictated by the nickel-based superalloys, yet there are also ceramics which can operate at high temperatures. Both refractory metals and ceramics are crystalline materials which means that they have a crystal structure. The field of micromechanics is still emerging and developing, but it has already enabled researchers to make considerable progress in their understanding of the structures of different materials on their micro and nanoscale. Micromechanics also provides researchers with real-time data about the mechanical behavior at the precise locations of materials and prevents experimental errors. When conducting experiments, material properties of constituent phases can be easily extracted and modeled to assess the behavior of the materials. The properties of crystalline materials are directly dependent on their defects which are studied as part of micromechanics. For instance, in order to study the strength of certain materials such as nickel-based superalloys, researchers utilize micromechanical modeling. By changing the microstructural parameters of the material, including the size, researchers can determine the variation in terms of the strength of the alloy. After conducting such experiments, the researchers discovered that the strain parameter was the most important one for the strength of the material. The researchers also utilized mechanical modeling in their study of the materials used in nuclear fusion reactors, namely, the refractory metals. Such materials have a different microstructure which consists of small loops and defects called dislocations, and by exploring them, the researchers were able to find how they contribute to the strengthening of the material. Resolving safety issues of batteries Fig. 4. Notes: (Cruz, 2022). Today, batteries are utilized in many devices and appliances, while they are extremely effective in powering such gadgets, they also have many issues. The batteries’ common issue is the risk of them suffering a damage which can entail considerable injuries for people. Batteries contain toxic electrolytes which are highly flammable and therefore pose a risk of explosion and fire in the case if they leak (Cruz, 2022). At the same time, there is research on how safer batteries can be made and the aforementioned risks and accidents prevented. One of the possible solutions would be to replace batteries with liquid-state electrolytes with those which have solid-state ones. Moreover, the batteries with solid-state electrolytes can be produced with simpler fabrication techniques and have a smaller size. Nevertheless, there is a challenge with solid-state electrolyte batteries, which is the slow ionic conduct of solid electrolytes. The researchers discovered a possible solution for the challenge by using a supersonic ceramic conductor, rubidium silver iodide, and subjecting it to several procedures. Specifically, the researchers conducted a solid-state synthesis, quenching, and annealing in order to improve the ionic conduct of the material. As a result of the experiment, the researchers were able to achieve one of the highest values in terms of ionic conduct for a solid-state electrolyte material. Based on the result of the experiment, the researcher managed to develop a solid-state battery composed of silver as anode and cathode as graphite, as well as rubidium silver iodide as the solid electrolyte. The battery demonstrated excellent results and even outperformed the traditional liquid-state batteries in a high-humidity environment. Thus, the researchers concluded that the properties of solid-state batteries could be used successfully in appliances even without special packaging. How glasses creep Fig. 5. Notes: (Cruz, 2022). The report presented by Mingyue Wu provides an account of glasses and their property of creeping. The researcher defined glasses as disordered systems which have fractured dynamics. The study explored not only those glasses which people interact with on a daily basis but also metallic ones (Cruz, 2022). The phenomena of creeping can be defined as a long-term plastic deformation which occurs to glasses and other materials such as cement in the situation when they are subject to a sustained load. In order for the glass or cement to experience the creep effect, it must be subject to a load for a considerable period of time. After the load is lifted from the system, permanent deformation will be formed compared to the initial state of the system. The creep phenomenon affects all glass and concrete structures and presents a challenge to scientists and engineers. There is no knowledge on how the creep relaxation dynamics are related to the glass structure. In order to tackle the creep problem, researchers decided to switch from studying large structures such as concrete bridges to small ones. In fact, the creep behavior can be discovered on the microscale, where it becomes visible that it is dependent on the microscopic displacements of the nanoparticles forming the cement matrix. The research conducted by Mingyue Wu and other scientists demonstrates that machine learning can be used as a tool to identify complex structural metrics which correlate with creep behavior. Specifically, the researchers used molecular dynamics simulations and viewed displacements of particles as a function of time, as well as utilized machine learning to predict particle displacements. Such an experiment enabled researchers to get a better insight into how the creep phenomenon occurs. Reference Cruz, W. (2022). CoE research day – Feb 25/2022 [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: Aspects of the Assessment: Risk Analysis and Goal Setting Essay One of the key aspects of the assessment includes risk analysis and goal setting, both of which enable a clearer direction and more detailed as well as the focused planning process. The video provides an insightful demonstration of how risk assessment and goal setting are conducted when dealing with a client. The assessment session begins with the risk assessment process, where a counselor asks a client whether or not he or she has suicidal thoughts. Regardless of the answer, the video shows that the counselor asks the client to report if she will start having such inclinations (Dr. Todd Grande, 2016). A similar structure is applied to tendencies of harming others with an equivalent request to report. The last part of the risk assessment includes questions about drug-related issues, such as hallucinations (Dr. Todd Grande, 2016). The goal setting process is initiated by questions regarding goals on the client’s life in general, for which she responds with “nice cushy job” and “better future for her children” (Dr. Todd Grande, 2016). A more specific goal also needs to be identified, such as becoming drug free. The third part of goal setting involves objectives specifically for counseling itself, such as being less angry, sleeping more, eating less, and trying to quit drugs (Dr. Todd Grande, 2016). The confidence in achieving is also assessed, which can range from no confidence to full confidence. The very last part is about questions for the counselor and structure informing. In conclusion, the core elements of risk assessment include the questioning of risk factors, such as self-harm, harm to others, and drug-related issues. In contrast, goal setting involves general objectives, specific overall goals, and goals specific for the counseling. Reference Dr. Todd Grande. (2016). Intake and assessment role-play part 6 – risk assessment and goal setting [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: Aspects of the Indian Act Research Paper The importance of learning is to obtain new information about events not previously known to me. At the same time, studying helps me analyze them and understand their negative and positive aspects. As a consequence, because I have received and assimilated specific knowledge, I have the opportunity to apply it. In case the background information concerns negative phenomena, oppression, and discrimination, learning enables me to prevent past mistakes and develop a fair future. It is essential to emphasize that knowledge and experiences are precious, especially if they relate to problems that have arisen with family members. Hence, the guest speaker formed his position because of his mother’s encounter with the discrimination of women. At the same time, the mother was trying to restore her lost rights and status in society at the highest and interstate level, which was not a common practice in that period. Although, in fact, there are several cases where women have appealed to the Supreme Court and the United Nations for assistance in obtaining rights that had not been legally restored (File, 2022). Thus, Bill C-31 resulted from such a struggle, and personally, for the speaker means an opportunity for further innovation and resolution of Indigenous rights. Therefore, understanding history and analyzing it motivates individuals to advocate for the reinstatement of their own rights and interests. It is crucial to be aware of the historical record concerning illegal actions directed at indigenous populations. Although, according to the data provided by Columbus, before the invasion of the native population of Europeans, they had a facilitated system for rights and freedoms and were immune to widespread diseases (File, 2022). At the same time, after twenty-five years, most of the population had been exterminated and exposed to genocide. In my opinion, even the documents issued by the Pope were aimed at harshly assimilating the indigenous people. Once again, even allowing children to be educated in boarding schools destroyed genetic memory and enforced new thoughts about culture and history. Significantly, the government also enacted the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 and the Indian Act of 1876 (Hanson, 2022). While the first act assimilated the natives and forced them to abandon their roots, the second act effectively granted Canada the right to dispose of lands and resources belonging to the Indians. It seems evident that the Europeans were thus imposing their power on the native population. The authority granted to the General Superintendent of Indian Affairs created extraordinary control of Indian status. The consequences of these laws were disobedience from the natives and a desire to regain acquired rights. Although, at first, Aboriginal authorities peacefully petitioned the Canadian government to repeal the discriminatory legislation (Hanson, 2022). I believe that the enactment, the bans on Indian self-identification, and the continuation of discrimination contributed to Aboriginal people’s growing sense of identity and willingness to assert their rights. Moreover, considering that this act significantly reduced the number of individuals who had Indian status, they lost the right to remain on reservations. Therefore, I think that the change of the land, the renaming of communities, and the transformation of Indian names contributed to the fact that Aboriginal people wanted their land and were not ready to accept the domination of their territory by Europeans. The consequences of such government actions are still being felt today because the aboriginal people have passed on these stories to the next generation as a warning of danger. I should also mention the “Potlatch Law,” In 1884, the federal government banned this festival and other ceremonies (Hanson, 2022). The administration understood that these festivals were significant cultural and social ceremonies for the indigenous population. As a consequence of assimilation, they wanted to remove this component and grant leniency to those who would surrender their potlatch items, such as valuable masks, costumes, and cauldrons. I think the government thus intended to eradicate any opportunity for Aboriginal identity and, in the long run, to eliminate the transmission of oral histories between generations and even parts of the tribe (Hanson, 2022). Although, I consider that such a design did not materialize because the indigenous population had a great desire to reinstate the rights violated and prevent such a situation in the future. World War II’s effects contributed to the concept of human rights and citizens recognizing Native people as the most disadvantaged in the country. In my view, this change occurred because Aboriginal people also participated in the war, which demonstrated their unification as a nation, even though attempts to exterminate them lasted for several centuries. The consequence of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights led to revising the Indian Act in 1951 (Hanson, 2022). That is, indigenous people received the rights previously withdrawn from them, they were permitted to vote, hold rituals and festivals, and women were afforded non-discriminatory treatment. Accordingly, it marked the beginning of a massive struggle against discrimination against Aboriginal women in society; it contributes to the fact that in the democratic world, it is finally possible to abolish the Indian Act. References Hanson, E. (2022). The Indian Act . Web. File. 2022. Important notes .

ESSAY: Aspects of the Restaurant Tipping Culture Essay This study’s independent variable was a helpful message on the back of the dining check regarding the upcoming specials. The dependent variable was the percentage of the bill left as a tip to the waiter. This study operationalizes the restaurant tipping culture by focusing on the tip percentage. The potential confounding variables of this experiment may be the food quality, the server’s gender, the dining party’s size, and whether the customers were regulars. The study’s strengths include design transparency, implementation simplicity, and potential replication in different settings. However, the message’s content varied depending on the special, appealing differently to customers. Furthermore, the study was conducted only in one restaurant, which renders extrapolation to different establishment classes difficult. These factors could impact the tipping outcomes and, therefore, the study results. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the mere presence of a personalized message or the message content itself drove the outcome. To evaluate this possibility, the authors could have asked waiters to write different messages, some with no useful content, such as wishing a good day or drawing a smiley face. Moreover, the researchers could have used alternative arrangements, assigning the waiters randomly instead of assigning dining parties randomly. Several aspects of this study could impact its internal validity. The researchers have instructed servers to keep their behavior consistent, thus limiting potential confounding variables. Varying attitudes may affect the final tip, thus undermining the causal relationship. Furthermore, a few hypothetical aspects could limit the research’s external validity. For instance, if the waiter were a young female adult, applying the same conclusions to male waiters and older servers would be challenging, given the potential gender factor. If the study was conducted at a private country club, extrapolating the result onto the high-class restaurant and casual diners alike would be unreliable. If the meal was buffet-style, the overall tipping percentage might have been lower due to the perceived lesser effort of a waiter, thus impacting its wider applicability. Lastly, the study only used two groups, servers, and dining parties, with no size specification. The authors could have employed a third group of solo dining parties, thus separating groups from those dining by themselves. Such an addition would allow addressing the question of the groups’ size effect and individual, interpersonal interactions. Lastly, implementing the design with solo dining parties would address the effect of gender on the outcome.

ESSAY: Assessment of Personal Leadership Strengths Report Introduction Developing leadership qualities is helpful for any person, but not everyone is successful in this matter. Most executives have achieved heights not only through luck, connections, or natural talent – most of their achievements are the result of hard work. I have to evaluate myself as a leader in this work, backing up my opinion with an outside perspective and well-known approaches. It is important to note how the leader approaches the issue of evaluating himself, with the same responsibility he will treat the evaluation of his employees. Self-awareness and critical thinking are essential skills of any leader, so how much my own assessment matches up with the feedback from other people is also an important indicator. Evaluation Self-Evaluation For self-assessment, I used questionnaires that have already proven themselves in this area. These include the Emotional and Social Competence Questionnaire (ESCI), which reflects aspects of emotional intelligence and the ability to see your strengths (Park & Faerman, 2019). Before the test, I noted to myself my strengths in communicating with people: adaptability, critical thinking, self-control, and inspiration of the interlocutor. The difficulty confirmed my high achievement in communication skills. Flexibility, coupled with constant control, makes it easy to approach any person while keeping the main goals and objectives to yourself. This ability does not allow me to leave the intended topic in dialogue or negotiations until a compromise or consensus is reached. In addition, I always try to support the interlocutor, even if he comes to me with bad news. A person has the right to make mistakes, and you need to be able to admit them. My strong point is that I can give a person a push at the moment when they are depressed. The second questionnaire with which I made a self-assessment is the assessment of personal value. If the first questionnaire showed my natural communication abilities, then the second questionnaire indicates what is behind my behavior (Smikle, 2019). There are three main styles of leadership: authoritarian, participatory, and delegative (Akpoviroro et al., 2018). My style, according to the test results, is focused on accessibility, which corresponds to participatory leadership. This style requires high levels of emotional intelligence, but it also guarantees the highest productivity among all types in the workplace (Akpoviroro et al., 2018). My power is not an obstacle or a source of fear for employees – it is just a tool to reveal their strengths. The test results showed that flexibility is closely related to creative thinking and creativity. Finding opportunities for your development allows you to demonstrate a vitality that energizes other people. Feedback I received feedback from two of my former colleagues and family members. Having brought the data to statistics, I got that people note sympathy and the ability to give strength even in the most challenging situation. This fact is a consequence of flexibility and adaptability against the background of high levels of emotional intelligence. However, some of those taking part in the survey fear that I am a talented manipulator. Empathy and inspiration can direct a person towards their own goals and desires. This fear is very genuine, and thanks to this test, I understood in which direction I need to work on myself. The tendency to manipulate is a consequence of my commitment to control. Constantly keeping an eye on the pulse, as indicated in the test of the value questionnaire, means something not to trust or something to be afraid of. Growth Opportunities To overcome this character trait, I also asked colleagues and family questions. I assumed that the openness and availability of my intentions and goals to other employees would remove suspicions of manipulation. However, the feedback showed that I should verbally voice my dreams and demonstrate fairness in my actions. This fact is consistent with the transformational leadership model, which partly contradicts individualism, flexibility, and empathy (Eliyana & Ma’arif, 2019). However, transformational leadership can only be applied to one specific aspect: responsibility for one’s own words and actions. Each of my intentions should be openly discussed with the interlocutor, who can express his opinion in return. As a result, empathy will be shown at every stage of decision-making, demonstrating adaptability and flexibility. In turn, I will have to confirm my intentions in every possible way with my activities. A leader who sincerely strives for goals can lead the whole team with a light heart if their values coincide. Conclusion A holistic approach to assessing my strengths has created a lot of food for self-reflection. Feedback from colleagues and my family members confirmed the self-assessment results. The big picture allowed us to draw up a plan to improve leadership skills and identify the main problems that threaten professional communication. Flexibility and the ability to inspire people to form the basis of my leadership strategy, which I must now reinforce with my own example and actions. Controlling helps me maintain my critical thinking ability, but it creates the illusion of manipulation. With the help of high emotional intelligence, I need to learn to show people that any urge to act on my part is exclusively professional and supported by rational arguments. References Akpoviroro, K. S., Kadiri, B., & Owotutu, S. O. (2018). Effect of participative leadership style on employee’s productivity. International Journal of Economic Behavior (IJEB), 8 (1), 47-60. Eliyana, A., & Ma’arif, S. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment affect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25 (3), 144-150. Park, H. H., & Faerman, S. (2019). Becoming a manager: Learning the importance of emotional and social competence in managerial transitions. The American Review of Public Administration, 49 (1), 98-115. Smikle, J. L. (2019). Connecting values to leader and leadership development. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 12 (1), 1-6.

ESSAY: Asthma: Description, Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Description of the Disease 3. Contraction of the Disease 4. Affect on the Patient 5. Treatment 6. Prevention of the Disease 7. Asthma Attack 8. References Background This scientific paper explores the respiratory disease asthma. In the modern world, many people face this disease, which is why it is necessary to study this ailment. Therefore, this work focuses on such aspects of the disease as description, symptoms, people at risk, and treatment. Moreover, this study examines preventive measures that can contribute to reducing the dynamics of the occurrence of the disease among the population. Description of the Disease First of all, before discussing measures to prevent an increase in the case of the disease, it is necessary to understand the nature of the disease. Research shows that “asthma is a serious disease that affects about 25 million Americans and causes nearly 1.6 million emergency room visits every year” (Ratini, 2021, para. 2). As indicated in the sources, “chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with bronchial hyper-responsiveness to a variety of stimuli and variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment” (Fajt et al., 2017). In other words, this disease causes swelling and narrowing of the respiratory tract and the possible occurrence of excessive mucus on them (Figure 1). As a result of this process, there is difficulty breathing, coughing, and a slight whistle when inhaling and exhaling. The peculiarity of this disease is that all people experience it in different ways. For someone, it may be asymptomatic, and for someone, it may have severe consequences that complicate everyday life. An asthma attack can become a particular danger for asthma patients. An unfavorable prognosis is that such a respiratory disease as asthma is not fully treated, but it can be controlled and put into remission. This can be done with the help of constant monitoring of the doctor and following all necessary instructions. Figure 1. Comparison of normal airways and those affected by asthma Depending on the symptoms, doctors distinguish several types of asthma. The first type is called mild intermittent asthma, which is characterized by rare symptoms and a low number of asthma attacks. The second involves the daily manifestation of symptoms that interfere with daily activities and is called moderate persistent asthma. The latter, severe persistent asthma, is characterized by even more frequent manifestations of asthma, which places severe restrictions on the patient’s vital activity and capabilities. Therefore, based on the above qualifications, more detailed types of respiratory asthma disease are distinguished. This may be adult-onset asthma, which manifests itself in people under forty years of age, status asthmaticus, which continues to affect the human body, even with treatment and asthma in children. This type of disease varies from child to child and has such notable symptoms as cough, heavy breathing, and weakness. Another common type of asthma is allergic asthma. It is emphasized that “the unique role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been identified as the main reason for this respiratory inflammation” (Qu, 2017, p. 32). The pathogens of this species include dust or pollen of flowers and plants. Moreover, there is also nonallergic asthma, which occurs at high or low temperatures, severe stress, or other respiratory diseases. A particular type is eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a high level of blood cells, and most often, people aged 35 and 50 years old have it (Bakakos et al., 2019). In addition, there is aspirin-induced asthma caused by taking aspirin, and such consequences as running nose, sneezing, and a cough. Contraction of the Disease The next aspect that requires detailed consideration is the ways of infection with the respiratory disease asthma. Thus, the aspects that can provoke asthma are external and internal factors before a person is born or a genetic predisposition. A particularly interesting impact factor is race, where African American or Puerto Rican people are more prone to the disease. Moreover, boys are more predisposed to the respiratory disease under study than girls. However, at an older age, this circumstance changes, and women suffer from asthma more often (Naeem & Silveyra, 2019). Moreover, asthma is also affected by various other diseases such as lung infections, obesity, and allergies. All groups of the population are exposed to the disease, regardless of age, gender, and social status. Affect on the Patient There are three main symptoms of the respiratory disease asthma. The first is the blocking of the airways, which manifests itself in the contraction of the muscles of the airways when breathing, which makes it difficult for air to pass. Next, there is inflammation, which is characterized by swelling of the bronchial tubes, which can significantly affect the work of the lungs. The last main symptom of asthma is the inability of the respiratory tract to function correctly. This affects the fact that the respiratory system is very susceptible to reactions to external and internal stimuli and narrows when interacting with them. Other, more common symptoms that are most common in asthma patients are coughing, whistling while breathing, lack of air when breathing, pain or pressure in the chest. In addition, all these symptoms affect sleep disorders due to breathing difficulties and a general barrier to the performance of vital functions. It is worth noting that all people have asthma characterized by different symptoms for each person. Moreover, they can change over time, which is predominantly caused by asthma attacks that leave a mark on human health. Another effect of asthma on people is that some symptoms may not manifest for a long time, while others may experience them constantly. Another exciting factor is the manifestation of asthmatic features only during physical exertion or in combination with other infectious diseases. With the help of medical examination, timely detection of asthma symptoms is critically necessary since their detection can significantly facilitate the patient’s life. Treatment As already mentioned, asthma is not a type of respiratory disease that can be cured entirely. At the same time, there are ways that can significantly ease the course of the disease or even put it into remission. One of the methods that are used for each patient is the use of special inhalers. The active effect of this drug is the effect of reducing swelling in the lungs and reducing mucus secretion. One of the most effective is inhaled corticosteroids, which are used throughout the treatment. The number of times of use and the time frame is determined by the patient’s attending physician. Among inhaled corticosteroids, one can highlight beclomethasone, budesonide, and leukotriene modifiers. The latter block leukotrienes, which cause asthma attacks in patients. There are also long-acting beta-agonists that reduce tension in the muscles of the respiratory tract, ciclesonide (Alvesco), mometasone (Asmanex), and salmeterol (Serevent). Another subspecies are combined inhalers, which provide the patient with corticosteroid and a long-acting beta-agonist together when inhaling. Among them, such drugs as fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair Diskus, AirDuo Respiclick) or, for example, mometasone and formoterol (Dulera) are produced. In addition to inhalers, there are oral and intravenous corticosteroids, which include Methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone (Flo-pred, Orapred, Pediapred, Prelone), and Prednisone (Deltasone). They are also often used together in inhalers and are used to reduce swelling and infection in the respiratory tract. Non-drug treatment, biological, is used in cases where medications do not have exceptional efficacy. Examples of such drugs are bevacizumab (Fastener), mepolizumab (Nucala), and reslizumab (Cinqair). Prevention of the Disease Medications are the primary way to treat respiratory asthma disease. However, there are some ways that will help control the disease and reduce cases of asthma attacks. These measures include avoiding the pathogens of asthma, if it is, for example, allergic, constant physical stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, constant breathing exercises are recommended to alleviate asthma symptoms. This may also include activities such as yoga, acupuncture, or supplements like vitamin C. It is worth remembering that all these actions are performed simultaneously with taking the necessary medications prescribed to the patient by the attending physician. Asthma Attack The part that aroused the most significant interest in conducting this study was the attack of asthma as the most severe and dangerous manifestation of respiratory disease. This attack is characterized by a strong tone of the muscles of the respiratory tract, which causes their tightening and difficulty breathing. Thus, this process is called bronchospasm and can have severe consequences for human health. In addition, in addition to the narrowing of the airways, additional mucus is formed on them than usual. In addition to the difficulty of breathing, patients also experience wheezing, coughing, and trouble with regular activities. In addition to these symptoms, chest pain, a feeling of panic and anxiety, pale skin, and blue lips and fingertips may also appear. Based on the above, it is critically important to note that asthma treatment should be applied in a timely and continuous manner to avoid the manifestation of such dangerous incidents. Without the use of drugs such as asthma inhalers or bronchodilators, people can suffer severe consequences for their health. Thus, in such cases, an urgent appeal to the ambulance is necessary for further provision of medical services and mitigation of symptoms. To prevent the manifestation of an asthma attack, several rules must be followed to avoid negative consequences. They include the removal of asthma triggers, following the instructions of the attending physician on taking medications, and constant monitoring of the patient’s well-being (Gautier & Charpin, 2017). Coupled with the study of all aspects of the disease, it will help to understand the body better and can also reduce the number of attacks. It is also helpful in gaining knowledge about what measures should be taken when dangerous incidents of illness occur. It is worth emphasizing that such data and emergency care skills should also be known by all the close people around the patient. Thus, this scientific work considered such a respiratory disease as asthma. First of all, the description of the disease was investigated and what is its mechanism. Further, the symptoms of asthma and what measures can be applied to reduce its impact were analyzed. Interest was aroused by asthma attacks, which were considered as useful additional information at the end of the work. In conclusion, it is essential to note that acquiring this knowledge and spreading awareness about them among the population will help significantly improve the dynamics of the spread of the disease and the occurrence of incidents dangerous to human health. References Ratini, M. (2021). Asthma . WebMD. Web. Fajt, M. L., & Wenzel, S. E. (2017). Development of new therapies for severe asthma. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 9 (1), 3-14. Web. Qu, J., Li, Y., Zhong, W., Gao, P., & Hu, C. (2017). Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 9 (1), 32-43. Web. Bakakos, A., Loukides, S., & Bakakos, P. (2019). Severe eosinophilic asthma. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8 (9), 1375. Web. Naeem, A., & Silveyra, P. (2019). Sex differences in paediatric and adult asthma. European Medical Journal (Chelmsford, England), 4 (2), 27. Gautier, C., & Charpin, D. (2017). Environmental triggers and avoidance in the management of asthma. Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 10 , 47. Web. Asthma . (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Web.

ESSAY: Asthma: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Manifestations Research Paper Nowadays, asthma has become one of the most common diseases in the United States and the world. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA, 2021), 25 million people nationwide have asthma. While the disease does not manifest itself on a daily basis, annually, people with asthma have at least one serious episode. In order to define the nature of this disease, it is necessary to dwell on the pathophysiology or the distortions in the physiological process of asthma. Pathophysiology The primary organ affected by asthma is the lungs, as the disease is caused by airway narrowing and the inability to breathe. Hence, one of the major changes in the airway caused by asthma is bronchoconstriction. According to Sinyor and Perez (2021), this phenomenon stands for the rapid airway response to external irritants and triggers. For example, if a person is exposed to a certain allergen, in order to prevent the exposure, bronchial smooth muscle creates contractions that block the airway (Sinyor & Perez, 2021). Being one of the most common and evident responses to an allergic reaction or any external trigger, including cold air or exercise, bronchoconstriction can be stopped by limiting the exposure to the trigger or by administering epinephrine. Another physiological manifestation of asthma is airway edema. This phenomenon is more complex and challenging for an affected individual. This process includes further inflammation and the occurrence of mucus plugs that block one’s airways (Sinyor & Perez, 2021). These issues can cause long-term changes in the airway structure, limiting one’s ability to liquidate bronchoconstriction. Thus, in some cases, the airway barriers caused by triggers can only partially go back to normal, creating a major obstruction in the long term. Finally, frequent exposure to allergens and triggers can lead to such a physiological phenomenon as an airway hypersensitivity, including a more serious and active response to minimal exposure to allergens and other triggers (Sinyor & Perez, 2021). Hence, taking into consideration the pathophysiology of asthma, it can be concluded that the general pattern of the disease is characterized by the airway limitation and lung pressure that happens as a result of exposure to an irritant or stimulus. The severity of airway blockage depends on the personal reaction to an irritant and its quantity. Symptoms and Manifestation Although asthma is a disease that accounts for unique reactions to allergens, the average physical exam will showcase the three most common asthma processes, namely: * Airway swelling; * Airway clogging by mucus plugs; * Muscle tightening (AAFA, 2022). These processes, in their turn, are manifested through such signs and symptoms as shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and wheezing. Hence, depending on the severity of these symptoms, patients are expected to either address the doctor immediately or prevent the attack locally, using quick-relief medications such as EpiPen or preventive medicine such as corticosteroids. There are three major asthma zones, including green, yellow, and red. According to the zone, people experiencing asthma symptoms need to take prescriptive or quick-relief medication and seek professional clinical assistance. While in most cases, asthma can be hard to predict, the most common risk factors include a genetic predisposition to asthma, conditions related to allergic reactions, having serious respiratory infections as a child, and being exposed to various irritants and chemicals at work. For this reason, if a person feels episodes of breath shortness, cough, or tightness of breath, it is recommended they address a clinical professional immediately. By using physicals such as spirometry, professionals are capable of early disease recognition and asthma attack prophylaxis. References Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2021). Asthma facts and figures . Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2022). What are the symptoms of asthma? Sinyor, B., & Perez, L. C. (2021). Pathophysiology of asthma . In StatPearls [E-book]. StatPearls Publishing.

ESSAY: “Atonement” by Ian McEwan: A Book Review Essay The novel Atonement , written by Ian McEwan, touches upon the topic of the significance of writing. The author uses various literary devices to convey many themes within the novel. Using the omniscient narrator, the author strives to show a person’s emotions who tries to atone the sins through writing. The image of the main character of the novel, Briony, shows how the writing can help people to accept their own sins. The author uses the different types of irony and omniscient narrator mode to reflect the idea of alleviating grief and guilt through writing. The significance of writing and narrative to coping with guilt, loss, or trauma is expressed primarily through two literary devices. The first one is the irony: situational and verbal. The irony is a satirical technique by which the writer evaluates the subject involving double meaning. The truth lies not in the statement but in its opposite meaning. The author uses verbal irony to convey the emotions of the characters in more detail. “Now you’re sticking to the salad while the rest of us are suffering” (121). This type of irony is used to condemn the narrator’s behavior. Such writing structure is a way to plead guilty in the actions causing the sufferings to others. “When the wounded were screaming, you dreamed of sharing a little house somewhere” (227). This quote also contains the narrator’s conviction to her actions against the loved ones. Creating a novel, the narrator wants to grant characters the opportunity to live lives they had no chance to live. The narrator emphasizes that she has stolen the lives of the people she loved. People cannot be brought back to life, and the narrator has no chance to be forgiven. Thus, she creates a novel where she can atone her sins. The situational irony is used to depict the narrator’s remorse trying to use the writing to cope with the loss. At the end of the book, the narrator confesses that the reuniting of characters had never happened (310). The happy ending exists because she decides to atone for her own sins through the novel. Being unable to change their lives, the writer creates a new life for these people in the story. Another element helping to express the mentioned topic is the omniscient narrator mode. In such novels, the narrator simultaneously acts as a character and identifies himself with the first person pronoun “I”. Such a narrator makes it possible to effectively express the thoughts and feelings of the narrator, hidden and inaccessible to an external observer, opening the way to various forms of self-observation. “How can a novelist achieve atonement when, with her absolute power of deciding outcomes, she is also God?” (325). This example shows that the narrator considers writing as an alleviating measure helping to overcome the loss. However, the narration mode allows the reader to understand that the narrator wants to be with the loved ones and cannot overcome being separated with them. Actually, the reader realizes that the atonement was impossible for the narrator. Through writing, she devotes her life to the people whose lives she ruined. Even though Briony’s mental trauma cannot be potentially atoned, she alleviates her grief and guilty through writing. The discussed issue is vital for me personally and the whole society in terms of understanding the writer’s emotions. Life is uncontrollable, and many events that haunt people all their lives may occur. Everyone finds their own way to overcome the traumas. Writing is the perfect opportunity to stay faithful to loved ones and express one’s regrets. It is morally relieving when the audience reads and accepts the author’s confessions. For me, writing may help stay morally stable and remember losses and tragedies, which is vital for the ethical development and cultural heritage transferring of society. Work Cited McEwan, Ian. ATONEMENT . Anchor, 2003.

ESSAY: Attaining Sustainability in the Environment Essay Table of Contents 1. Human Relationship with Nature 2. Earth’s Biodiversity and Ecosystems 3. Agricultural Production 4. Water Resource Management 5. Energy Management 6. Waste Management 7. Choices and Tradeoffs 8. References Human Relationship with Nature Attaining sustainability is the optimal way of humanity’s long-term development. In fact, it may be the only one, as achieving a natural balance may eventually become a matter of survival for the humankind. To enable this outcome, the very nature of the relationship between people and their planet needs to change. More specifically, respect should become the central pillar of this relationship. This includes the respect of nature as something that had existed long before the dawn of humanity, as well as something that needs to stay for millennia ahead. Eventually, people will understand that the current one-sided approach, resulting in the planet resource exploitation, is arrogant, devoid of respect. In a sustainable future, this problem will cease to exist, allowing humanity to reach the balance. Earth’s Biodiversity and Ecosystems A sustainable future will have an effect on the planet in many ways, and the Earth’s biodiversity is one of them. At present, this parameter sees major hazards that are caused by the humanity’s exploitation of nature. The concept of biodiversity refers to the presence of various complex ecosystems that have undergone their natural development. Today, they remain threatened by pollution and exhaustion of resources. In a sustainable future, the biodiversity goals described by Diaz et al. (2020) will be completed. The first step toward this outcome will be reversing the process, which currently sees a negative trends with the number of species declining year after year. While the reversion is now set at 2050, it is imperative to achieve positive results as early as possible. Agricultural Production Agriculture has been the cornerstone of human civilization since its dawn. Ever since people mastered the first primitive tools, agricultural products have sustained their entire existence. As centuries went by, these practices became more sophisticated along with the progress. Furthermore, the exponential growth of the Earth’s population led to the expansion of agricultural production. Forests and endemics are destroyed to free more land, so the soil fertility is attained through quantity rather than quality (Bilali & Allahyari, 2018). In a sustainable future, environmentally harmful activities will be reduced to a minimum, as agricultural production currently accounts for a major part of the carbon footprint. The soil fertility will be increased through natural, harmless inventions that will produce more food per square mile instead of providing more space at the expense of the nature. Water Resource Management The management of the Earth’s water resources is another topical concern of modern society. Freshwater is heavily utilized, gradually depleting the reserves of the planet. In pursuit of water resource efficiency, humanity changes the landscape, often causing ecological catastrophes. Furthermore, the very distribution of resources is out of balance, since certain regions of the Earth are left with little or no water (Tomislav, 2018). The development of sustainable water resource management practices will address all of these issues. One of the promising technologies consists of harvesting and utilizing the rain water, which currently goes to waste. This way, currently deprived communities will have better access to fresh water. Speaking of waste, the oceans of the Earth remain increasingly polluted by it, which is problematic. This issue is to be addressed along with the general waste management policies. Energy Management Humanity retains a strong need for energy, which is bound to be on a stable increase in the distant future, as well. Civilization’s production and consumption needs are growing, which causes the aforementioned trend. As a result, the energy sector remains one of the largest suppliers of pollution and waste in a global sense. The pursuit of sustainability implies a revolution within the energy sector. In such a future, humanity will have deactivated all of its coal-based plants, as well as most nuclear ones. Renewable resources will form the core of the planet’s energy grid, including hydroelectricity, solar power, and wind power (Tomislav, 2018). These three types of energy sources will be distributed across the globe in accordance with the geographical properties of each area. This way, the production capacity will reach its peak, meeting the growing demand while alleviating the environmental effect. Waste Management Within the current discussions of sustainability, waste is considered to be one of the key issues faced by humanity. In fact, the treatment of waste is among the first aspects that need to change for a sustainable future to be possible. It exists in many forms that originate from industries and households, as well. The world of the 21 st century is made of plastic, a material that takes hundreds of years to decompose. Therefore, in a sustainable future, the use of plastic will be reduced to an absolute minimum. The role of recycled materials in production will be enhanced, from daily use items to complex constructions (Pluskal et al., 2021). The sustainable society will reflect the value of reuse and recycling, as in the case of waste, prevention is infinitely better than the cure. Instead of optimizing the treatment of existing waste, humanity will have to reduce its amount in the first place. Choices and Tradeoffs Evidently, sustainable future will not even come on its own. It supposed to become the product of a global choice made by humanity by remaining loyal to the current sustainable development goals. Moreover, this pursuit will not be an easy journey, as it will require a series of consolidated decisions and compromises (Tomislav, 2018). Specifically, the most serious challenge faced by humanity in pursuit of sustainability lies in the societal domain. Global community will inevitably deal with the economic and technological impediments. However, the most important step is to reach a global consensus on the value and importance of sustainable practices. In other words, the key challenge is to convince the majority of eight billion people of the feasibility of sustainable development goals. References Diaz, S., Zafra-Calvo, N., Purvis, A., Verburg, P. H., Obura, D., Leadley, P., Chaplin-Kramer, R., De Meester, L., Dulloo, E., Martin-Lopez, B., Shaw, M. R., Visconti, P., Broadgate, W., Bruford, M. W., Burgess, N. D., Cavender-Barres, J., Declerk, F., Fernandez-Palacios, J. M., Garibaldi, L. A., … & Zanne, A. E. (2020). Set ambitious goals for biodiversity and sustainability. Science, 370 (6615), 411–413. Web. El Bilali, H., & Allahyari, M. S. (2018). Transition towards sustainability in agriculture and food systems: Role of information and communication technologies. Information Processing in Agriculture, 5 (4), 456–464. Web. Pluskal, J., Somplak, R., Nevrly, V., Smejkalova, V., & Pavlas, M. (2021). Strategic decisions leading to sustainable waste management: Separation, sorting and recycling possibilities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278 , 123359. Web. Tomislav, K. (2018). The concept of sustainable development: From its beginning to the contemporary issues. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 21 (1), 67-94. 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ESSAY: Austville Community Health Centre Case Study Report Why Austinville Community Health Centre Is a Good Place for Mrs.. Smith to Receive Care Austville Community Health Centre is an ideal place for Mrs.. Smith to access healthcare services because it is a short distance from where she lives. This means that it is convenient because she can easily access the health center with little or no transport cost. In addition, the small distance between Mrs.. Smith’s home and the Austville center can help her exercise through walking, which is very beneficial in managing her condition. According to research, regular exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy weight and also regulates blood sugar levels (Borse et al. 2021, p. 113). Likewise, the short distance to the facility will make it easy for Mrs.. Smith to get regular check-ups to ensure her blood sugar remains within the target range. Austville is also a good place for Mrs.. Smith to obtain care because it has multidisciplinary healthcare personnel trained to offer high-quality services to the elderly. In this case, it has several specialists, such as a podiatrist and optometrist, who can detect and treat symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, Mrs.. Smith will be able to obtain appropriate medications for her condition. Likewise, the center has a diabetes educator and provides education programs on diabetes. This implies that Mrs.. Smith will get insightful training on managing her condition. This may include useful tips like how to maintain a healthy diet, test her blood sugar, and the appropriate exercises that aid in weight loss. Such education will help Mrs. Smith to manage her condition and prevent further complications. The environment around Austville offers Mrs.. Smith an opportunity to establish positive social networks that may benefit her general well-being. Since the health center provides most of its health services to the elderly, Mrs.. Smith may establish friendships with other patients. She may also make friends with her peers during the group exercise programs offered by the center. Similarly, Austville has a community café where people living in the neighborhood can meet and talk. A study shows that stronger social networks and support among the elderly are linked with increased patient adherence to medical treatment and improved self-care (Li 2021, p. 1). In this case, social networks may help Mrs.. Smith maintains her happiness, reducing any incidences of stress that are detrimental to her health. Equally important, Austville is located in a low socioeconomic community, which implies that it offers low-cost healthcare services. Thus, it is ideal for Mrs.. Smith because she solely relies on her pension. Five Health Professionals That Mrs.. Smith, Will Need to See at the Health Centre, and What Services Each of Them Could Offer Since Austville is a primary healthcare center, Mrs.. Smith can benefit from the services offered by several specialists. The five health professionals that Mrs. Smith would seek assistance from including the podiatrist, optometrist, diabetes educator, physiotherapist, and clinical exercise physiologist. In this case, a podiatrist is a valuable specialist in the diabetes care team. Patients with diabetes are highly predisposed to developing foot problems such as foot ulcers, nerve damage, Charcot foot, and amputations. A podiatrist is adequately trained to assess any complications associated with a patient’s foot and prepare a treatment and prevention plan (Blanchette et al. 2020, p. 2). These specialists can identify foot health risks and effectively treat them to avoid further complications. In addition, an optometrist is critical in managing Mrs. Smith’s health condition. One of the common symptoms of type 2 diabetes is blurred vision. Thus eye care is essential for patients with diabetes (Ford et al. 2021, p. 1). In this case, an optometrist will check Mrs. Smith’s eyes regularly to detect and treat any injuries or abnormalities associated with her vision. A diabetes educator is crucial in offering valuable insights into the management of diabetes. In this context, a diabetes educator will work collaboratively with Mrs. Smith to develop an effective treatment plan and educate her on proper nutrition and other positive lifestyle choices (King et al. 2017, p. 2). Patients with diabetes are advised to eat nuts and avocadoes as well as use beans and eggs as a healthy source of protein. They are also directed to consume a diet with fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains (Borse et al. 2021, p. 113). The diabetes educator may also recommend regular exercise to help in reducing body weight. Similarly, these professionals also train families to assist patients with diabetes in managing the disease. Likewise, a physiotherapist may assist in alleviating the severity of diabetes through therapeutic exercise programs (Harris-Hayes et al. 2020, p. 12). In this case, a physiotherapist may recommend various aerobic and resistance programs to Mrs. Smith to help her maintain healthy body weight. Aerobic exercise may include swimming and walking, while resistance activities may comprise yoga, weightlifting, and calisthenics. Finally, Mrs. Smith may require the services of a clinical exercise physiologist (CEP) who is integral personnel to patients with chronic illnesses, especially diabetes. A CEP assesses a patient to determine the most suitable exercise regimen (Pearce & Longhurst 2021, p. 2). They also monitor the exercises to ensure that the patients engage in safe practices. Through such patient-centered exercise programs, patients can maintain healthy body weight and regulate their blood glucose, protecting them against further complications. How Mrs. Smith’s Care Would Be Funded, and the Benefits Mrs. Smith Might Be Eligible for Mrs. Smith is on an aged care pension, one of the income support payments from the Federal Government for individuals who are 66 years and above. Therefore, her primary care may be funded through the aged care scheme. One of the benefits that Mrs. Smith is eligible for is a carer allowance. For people of her age to qualify for this type of government pension, they need to be frail, aged and have a severe illness or disability. If a community health center offers ongoing or continuous primary care services to an individual meeting these criteria, the institution may also qualify for a carer benefit (Payments, Concessions n.d.). This payment intends to help individuals who have assumed responsibilities to care for the geriatric population. This is because unique demands associated with caring for older adults usually hinder or negatively impact caregivers’ ability to actively engage in formal employment. In this case, since the patient is frail, aged, and has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, Austville qualifies to receive a carer allowance after every two weeks. Under this national scheme, Mrs. Smith is also entitled to an extra supplement pension. This can help the patient with her bills and drug costs. In addition, since Mrs. Smith is a beneficiary of the Age Pension, this automatically qualifies her for the Pensioner Concession Card (Payments, Concessions n.d.). This means that she can receive healthcare services and utilities and use her Pensioner Card to access more discounted rates on medicines through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and other support services. Therefore, all these advantages could mean cheaper medication, considerable refunds for medical costs, Mrs. Smith having her physician’s visits bulk billed, and reduced rates on household supplies. Others include lower water rates, property, motor vehicle registration, and public transport. The benefits a Primary Health Centre Such as Austville Would Offer for Others in the Local Community Primary health centers have several benefits to people in the local community. Such facilities increase the access to care services for the community residents, especially people with low socioeconomic backgrounds and the elderly. Additionally, primary healthcare institutions provide a range of services to people in the neighborhood. The services may include health promotion, early intervention, preventive care, and screening, as well as treatment and management of acute and chronic health conditions like asthma, cancer, and hypertension. Likewise, primary health centers provide a broad range of healthcare personnel, such as general practitioners, nurses, social workers, nutritionists, and other allied health professionals. This greatly improves the healthcare outcomes of the residents in the surrounding areas because they can receive high-quality and patient-centered care. According to research, a robust primary healthcare system is linked with low medical costs, improved efficiency, reduced hospitalization rates, increased patient satisfaction, and positive health outcomes (van Weel & Kidd 2018, p. 464). Therefore, the Austville center will provide comprehensive and tailored services to meet the health needs of the locals. Primary health facilities provide continuity of care to local residents. Having a specialist who is familiar with a patient’s medical history is essential. This is because they can adequately recommend an effective treatment method based on the patient’s records. In addition, such healthcare personnel can efficiently detect a health abnormality in its initial stages due to frequent check-ups and contacts with the patient. It is also important to note that the familiarity between a patient and a physician builds trust and improves communication. Therefore, patients can easily talk about sensitive health issues and receive much-needed help. Not to mention, a primary care doctor may help patients avoid certain health complications that may affect them in the future. In this case, based on a patient’s health records, a physician may detect an increased risk of conditions such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, and obesity, among others. Such information may, in turn, assist a patient on what steps to take to avoid developing the ailments (Agarwal et al. 2017, p. 7). Therefore, primary care centres offer continuity of care which substantially improves the local residents’ health outcomes. The Community Need The growth of the geriatric population has negatively impacted the provision of primary care. This is because older adults have more co-morbidities demanding higher levels of care than the younger generation (van Gaans & Dent 2018, p. 2). Another report shows that one in four senior Australians lives below the poverty line, and individuals aged 65 years and above equals 7 percent of those who are homeless (Face the Facts n.d.). In addition, instances of older adults living alone and away from family members have also been reported. The city’s population growth rate has increased significantly over the last few years, driven mainly by an increase in net overseas migration. The research indicates that migrants currently represent about 28% of the country’s overall population (Raymer & Baffour 2018, p. 1055). Therefore, issues facing refugees and asylum seekers are also things that Austville endeavors to address. This often involves providing them with the most basic needs, such as food, education, and temporary housing. The implication here is that Austville must be adequately equipped to address the challenges of growing senior citizens and cultural diversity. The goal is also to assist informal caregivers like friends and neighbours who provide daily assistance to these groups. Solution Since the community has continued to experience a high growth rate of the older population and an increasing number of migrants, inadequate clinical and social services have left these individuals in a dire situation. Austville sees the opportunity to continue running primary care, community café, education group exercise, and English conversation programs to enhance these groups’ dependent functioning and social integration. A study shows that community-based support can help senior citizens live safely in their residences and delay institutionalization (Robinson et al. 202, p. 133). Austville provides older patients with various services, resources, and general assistance around their homes. These include fitness training, nutritional support, and consultation and coaching services about health and aging. The organization’s staff members also provide counseling services to older adults’ informal caregivers and general assistance with finances. Similarly, research indicates that language proficiency is crucial to social integration and increases their chances of securing employment and promoting social and political participation (Lundberg 2020, p. 4). For this reason, Austville also runs English language classes, which can help this group interact with the community. Project Description Austville aspires to continue providing much-needed services to prevent the hospitalization of older residents and promote the social functioning of newly arrived migrants. The organization plans to invest additional resources to help diabetic patients manage their lifestyle conditions and aid in the social integration of migrants. For instance, dancing classes can help senior residents lose weight and boost their heart health. It is also important to support refugees coming to the center by offering food, medicine, and nutrition assistance to those living with chronic illnesses to enhance their recovery. Offering English language training can also improve social engagement and improve migrants’ opportunities and acceptance in the community. For these stated reasons, Austville wants to continue offering these services and get more professionals involved to ensure that these people receive the resources and services they need. Therefore, these are some reasons Austville is applying for a $2,000 grant to fund some of its operations. Reference List Agarwal, R, Jain, P, Ghosh, M & Parihar, J 2017. ‘Importance of primary health care in the society. International Journal of Health Sciences , vol. 1, no. 1, pp.6-11. Blanchette, V, Brousseau-Foley, M & Cloutier, L 2020. ‘Effect of contact with podiatry in a team approach context on diabetic foot ulcer and lower extremity amputation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, vol. 13, no.1, pp. 1-12. Borse, S, Chhipa, A, Sharma, V, Singh, D & Nivsarkar, M 2020. ‘Management of type 2 diabetes: current strategies, unfocussed aspects, challenges, and alternatives. Medical Principles and Practice , vol. 30, no. 2, and pp.109-121. Face the facts: older Australians . n.d., Australian Human Rights Commission. Web. Ford, B, Angell, B, White, A, Duong, A, Hiidome, S & Keay, L 2021. ‘Experiences of patients with diabetes attending a publicly funded eye care pathway in western Sydney: a qualitative study,’ Journal of Patient Experience , vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Harris-Hayes, M, Schootman, M, Schootman, J & Hastings, M 2020. ‘The role of physical therapists in fighting the type 2 diabetes epidemic’. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 50, no. 1, pp.5-16. King, O, Nancarrow, S, Grace, S & Borthwick, A 2017. ‘Diabetes educator role boundaries in Australia: a documentary analysis. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-11. Li, S 2021, ‘The relationships among self-efficacy, social support, and self-care behavior in the elderly patients with chronic pain (a STROBE-compliant article)’, Medicine , vol. 100, no. 9, pp. 1-4. Lundberg, O 2020, ‘Defining and implementing social integration: a case study of school leaders’ and practitioners’ work with newly arrived im/migrant and refugee students, International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-12. Payments, concessions and support . n.d., Services Australia. Web. Pearce, A & Longhurst, G. 2021. ‘The role of the clinical exercise physiologist in reducing the burden of chronic disease in New Zealand’. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , vol 18, no. 3, pp. 1-13. Raymer, J & Baffour, B. 2018. ‘Subsequent migration of immigrants within Australia,1981-2016’. Population Research and Policy Review , vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1053–1077. Robinson, KN, Menne, HL & Gaeta, R 2021. ‘Use of informal support as a predictor of home- and community-based services utilization’. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B , vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 133–140. van Gaans, D & Dent, E 2018. ‘Issues of access to health services by older Australians: a review’. Public Health Reviews, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-16. van Weel, C & Kidd, M 2018. ‘Why strengthening primary health care is essential to achieving universal health coverage. Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol. 190, no.15, pp. 463-466.

ESSAY: Authentic and Servant Leadership in Pakistani Higher Education Essay As apparent from the title, the focus of the article “Positive leadership psychology: Authentic and servant leadership in higher education in Pakistan” is the Pakistani educational system, whose organization the authors analyze through the lens of leadership. Specifically, they examine the role of centralized guidance in the learning process and speculate on which style can influence its participants in the most favorable ways. In particular, the piece highlights the importance of relationships of trust in education. According to the authors, any suppressive hierarchy, strict subordination, or an atmosphere of complete obedience prevents people from openness, becoming a serious obstacle to social exchange. The latter is seen as the foundation of productive teamwork and presupposes an awareness of the other’s feelings as well as motives for searching for the most appropriate behavioral patterns. Therefore, within Bloom’s taxonomy, more precisely, its cognitive domain, the article describes the knowledge, the primary level. The publication is quite coherent and well-structured, which marks its appropriate quality. Notably, the outcomes of the analysis appear in an understandable form and actually serve to illustrate the theoretical background, in which part the authors comment on the essentiality of proper leadership in organizations. The practical part involves a detailed examination of several types and styles, specifically, the ways various leaders interact with employees. The general conclusion is the criticality of mutual respect and dedication to recognizing everybody’s needs, which underlies servant leadership as a practice. Human resources and psychology of leadership apparently are the areas where the investigators specialize. Notably, they participated in a range of publications on several topics within the above fields, such as organizational leadership, individual leadership, culture-specific peculiarities, and others. As mentioned, Current Psychology, the global peer-reviewed research forum, accepted their work for publishing, which means that it meets its quite specific quality requirements. It was found through the JFL, Jerry Falwell Library. References Abbas, A., Saud, M., Suhariadi, F., Indrianawati, U., & Dian, E. (2020). Positive leadership psychology: Authentic and servant leadership in higher education in Pakistan. Current Psychology. Web.

ESSAY: Aztec and Christian Creationism Essay Various cultures around the world have unique creation myths and traditional methods of presenting them through art. The cosmology of the Aztec civilization was quite different from the Europeans that conquered them. Firstly, the Europeans’ Christian God “created mankind in his own image” and granted him dominion over a perfectly constructed world, the Garden of Eden (Holy Bible, New International Version, Genesis 1:27). In the Bible, he is described as a benevolent, if strict, father figure who can forgive humankind their sins and grant them eternal redemption. Consequently, God is depicted in art as a wise, older man with a beard and white hair. Christian art primarily praises the power of His forgiveness and the bountiful nature that He created. In contrast, Aztec creation stories are based on dismembered gods, and thus the origin of the world is catastrophic violence, which explains why Aztec art depicts divinity as gruesome and awe-inspiring (National University, 2022). Their art functions as a warning and an order to obey. They demand blood in exchange for food, and each sculpture of the gods in Aztec culture contains a receptacle for human hearts (National University, 2022). Unlike Christianity, the central figure is a female goddess, but similarly to Eve, she is primarily a passive player whom the other gods punish. Furthermore, Coatlique’s choice to give birth a second time against her children’s wishes could also be interpreted as the Aztec version of Eve’s sin of disobedience. Both Aztec and Christian gods are described as perfect and self-contained. However, in the Aztec mythos, gods are above the concepts of good and evil, while in the Christian order evil is considered the dominion of Satan and the opposite of God. Therefore, Aztecs have to appease a bloodthirsty, violent goddess to receive food and survive. On the other hand, Christians have to reject sin and submit their spirit to God to gain eternal salvation. Ultimately, the Christian creation story is based on forgiveness and love compared to the Aztecs’ survival through violence, and this difference is reflected in their opposing art styles. References Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Bible Gateway. Web. National University. (2022). Lecture.

ESSAY: Bail Reform: New Rules and Their Effects Essay Numerous issues concerning the recent amendments to the bail program have become the topic of heated debates. The original claims implied that the new attitude would allow for more humane and just techniques. Nevertheless, releasing various types of defendants without any bail has led to an increased number of participants who are rearrested on felony charges while still on release. Therefore, a dedicated analysis is needed in order to realize all the factors that stand behind such dramatic outcomes. Moreover, it is crucial to develop and establish the most efficient framework for releasing people without bail. The bail reform is a part of a series of criminal justice reforms that have gone into effect in recent years. According to new rules, judges are not allowed to impose monetary bail. Moreover, judges were not granted an opportunity to evaluate the potential threat that a defendant could pose to a community. At the same time, according to Gold and Wright (2020), pretrial detention has huge repercussions and can jeopardize employment and housing. Thus, the original motivation behind the introduction of the bail reform was centered around the inequality issues and disparities that allowed the rich to buy their freedom and return home. Right now, thousands of people who have not yet been convicted of a crime are incarcerated and awaiting trial. The vast majority of them belong to low-income communities and cannot afford to pay the needed sum to spend time with their family, earn money and prepare for a trial properly. The vicious cycle created by such an attitude allowed numerous activists and politicians to propose a reform that was intended to improve the situation and fight discrimination. Koepke and Robinson (2018) claim that the current pretrial risk assessment instruments do not truly support reformist goals of reducing incarceration. Thus, the data points to the fact that the new approach, despite positive effects, allowed criminals to escape punishment and continue to disrupt the normal pace of life in their communities. It is hard to find the appropriate decision concerning the issue of bail, as there are few other means that can ensure that a defendant returns to court to face charges against him/her. Nevertheless, it has become clear that the bail reform should definitely be revised. According to Baughman (2019), done right, bail keeps dangerous individuals off the streets; done wrong, it keeps those with less economic means in jail longer. With all the recent economic repercussions, American society cannot afford the risks that come with the complete elimination of the bail system. It is not the right time to release almost every defendant, as more people are getting involved in crime. Alternative-to-jail programs are desperately needed, but it is not the best option to allow social workers to perform all the monitoring instead of judges and let most criminals return to the streets. The safety of society should still be a top priority for courts and law enforcement. Therefore, it is crucial to allow judges, not social workers, to decide whether a person can be released or not. One of the essential steps forward would be the introduction of a uniform set of criteria that takes into consideration a person’s previous record. Moreover, it is vital to distinguish between first conviction and recidivism. Thus, I would like to stay optimistic about the future of bail reform. I hope that during this decade, the entire system will ensure that more humane conditions and approaches will help free innocent defendants and change criminals without the necessity to release the majority of defendants. References Baughman, S. B. (2019). Dividing bail reform. Iowa Law Review , 105 (3), 947–1025. Web. Gold, R. M., & Wright, R. F. (2020). The Political patterns of bail reform. Wake Forest Law Review , 55 (4), 743–756. Web. Koepke, J. L., & Robinson, D. G. (2018). Danger ahead: Risk assessment and the future of bail reform. Washington Law Review, 93 (4), 1725–1807. Web.

ESSAY: Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Essay The concept of nursing is closely associated with the idea of continuous improvement, as the trends of health care need to mirror the existing social trends to provide the best care possible. One way to secure such care is to refer to the latest scholarly findings to modify the approaches to care provision in the workplace. This process of implementing research-based findings in daily patient care is known as evidence-based practice (EBP) (Wilson & Austria, 2021). Currently, EBP is not used actively by nurses for several reasons. First, the workload of most nurses discourages their desire to learn and embrace EBP. According to McArthur et al. (2021), a physical opportunity is a construct that contributes to the nurses’ ability to resort to EBM. Physical opportunity includes such barriers as “cost and lack of resources, compromised communication, staff turnover, and limited physical guidelines” (McArthur et al., 2021, p. 20). As a result, management promotes behavioral patterns that react to the environment rather than examine it in advance. The second massive barrier to EBP in the workplace is the lack of social opportunity embodied in the lack of organizational support and teamwork (McArthur et al., 2021). Since the aforementioned examples tackle only a minor part of the existing challenged, the need to intervene and facilitate EBP is evident. The first commonly mentioned approach to facilitate the use of EBP is to establish a leadership that would encourage the practice by both setting an example and conducting training and workshops. Another crucial facilitator is to secure nurses’ access to relevant sources in the workplace, including relevant databases, steady Internet connection, and subscription to peer-reviewed publications. In such a way, the use of scholarly research will become more time-efficient and less stressful for nurses. References McArthur, C., Bai, Y., Hewston, P., Giangregorio, L., Straus, S., & Papaioannou, A. (2021). Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based guidelines in long-term care: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Implementation Science , 16 (1), 1-25. Web. Wilson, B. & Austria, M. J. (2021). What is evidence-based practice? Health University of Utah. Web.

ESSAY: Barriers to Healthcare Plan Implementation Essay There are always multiple obstacles that can significantly diminish the overall efficiency of any project plan. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze all the factors that may stay behind potential barriers to its successful implementation. Given the complexity of the project plan and the holistic approach expected to prevail in all stages of its fulfillment, there are numerous spheres that may be exposed to certain risks. Significant changes that affect the organizational structure of an institution always lead to various issues ranging from increased expenditures to employees’ diminished motivation and resistance to changes. A dedicated analysis is needed in order to find the most appropriate solutions to problems that may arise. One of the essential issues that should be addressed while implementing the plan is centered around the employees’ perception of the efficiency and urgent nature of the changes that the project plan implies. Therefore, it is of significant importance to provide all employees that may be affected with a substantial body of evidence proving the benefits to a hospital in general. It is crucial to underpin the strong correlation between a hospital’s performance and employees’ salaries. Given the importance of measures listed in the project plan, the only issue that might make employees anxious is their pay. Factors such as lack of cooperation among the medical team, lack of motivation in nurses, lack of a holistic approach, and lack of support organizations could be barriers to holistic care (Babaei & Taleghani, 2019). Therefore, employees that are most likely to be exposed to increased amounts of stress should be comforted with the available data on the ultimately positive outcomes of the changes. The next barrier that can significantly undermine the way the desired changes are implemented is related to deadlines. Although the project plan contains estimates of the time that is necessary for each step, it is clear that numerous unforeseen factors may result in delays. Therefore, it is crucial to provide extra guidelines that will explain to employees all the details of combining old and new methods. Sipes (2020) claims that nursing education did not have informatics competencies; thus, current managers, administrators, or NEs may not be fully prepared to lead or use change in the use of health information technology. Therefore, encouraging employees to actively participate in the implementation of different stages of the plan and teaching them basic IT skills should also be considered instrumental for the eventual success. Different new strategies and approaches should be used while implementing the project plan. White et al. (2021) name careful planning, execution, evaluation, and broad dissemination among the measures that are instrumental for a successful outcome. Dang et al. (2021) pinpoint the increased importance of dissemination plans, audience-specific recommendations for internal and external dissemination venues, pros and cons of different types of dissemination. Thus, collecting data and evidence continue to play a crucial role in mitigating potential barriers. There are multiple barriers that may undermine the rapid and efficient implementation of the project plan. Nevertheless, solutions provided in this work allow for an enhanced understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the plan and may eventually contribute to future changes. Therefore, it is vital to stick to the original plan that includes stipulations on the required actions if specific difficulties arise. Nevertheless, additional efforts are needed to secure the payments, keep employees engaged and motivated, and provide precise guidelines for cases when deadlines cannot be met. References Babaei, S., & Taleghani, F. (2019). Compassionate care challenges and barriers in clinical nurses: A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research , 24 (3), 213–219. Dang, D., Dearholt, S. L., Bissett, K., Ascenzi, J., & Whalen, M. (2021). Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals: Model and guidelines (4 th ed.). Sigma Theta Tau International. Sipes, C. (2020). Project management for the advanced practice nurse (2 nd ed.). Springer Publishing. White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terhaar, M. F. (Eds.). (2021). Translation of evidence into nursing and healthcare (3 rd ed.). Springer Publishing.

ESSAY: Barriers to Successful Supply Chain Logistics Management Essay The barriers that firms may face on their way to internal logistical integration are possible to group into five categories by their origin and nature. The first derives from an insufficiently coherent structure of a business that results in poor communication among its departments. According to Bowersox (2019), this is the consequence of the “traditional practice” of uniting the employees who are responsible for certain activities into clusters to enable excellent performance though functional perfection (p. 332). In practice, meanwhile, such an approach can result in an insufficiently effective corporate culture, in other words, a lack of unity, morale, and dedication, frequently from top management as well (Naseem et al., 2021). My professional experience illustrates this; I have worked for a firm where the boss showed little to no interest in organizational routine. Furthermore, some of my coworkers from different departments considered their function the most important, offending each other. The traditional systems of management and reward, which actually result from the above functional structure, also can be an obstacle to internal integration. Notably, they “mirror” that structure, focusing on employees’ achievements in the area of their activity rather than their involvement in corporate culture and contribution to the performance of the entire company (Bowersox, 2019, p. 332). In fact, this begins ever before employment; many educational institutions stick to the classical assessment system that uses grades as the only measurement. Consequently, school leavers as well as graduates, including myself, have to acquire knowledge about other reward systems intentionally, and it remains theoretical in most cases. Considering the above, information flows in companies of traditional structure normally lack integrity as well. Specifically, the data such businesses operate should be possible to organize by functionality and accountability, which automatically limits their scope and area of use (Bowersox, 2019). This can result not only in poor integration of departments, but also in insufficient communication with customers and inappropriate quality of service; therefore, Naseem et al. (2021) prefer to label this category coordination barriers. In fact, the company I mention in the first paragraph also can serve as an example in the given case. The lack of unity, notably, led to that of awareness and dedication; consequently, few employees were able to provide high quality services. It is worth noting that such obstructed circulation of data interferes with knowledge exchange, which, in turn, can complicate the integration of new units in the company. Therefore, such businesses have poor capacity of expansion as well as partnership; these call for cross-functionality, while the traditional structure does not enable it. Furthermore, even the need to hire a new employee may bear a threat for productivity since it will be hardly possible to compensate for his or her lack of relevant knowledge (Bowersox, 2019). This actually is among the reasons why I left the above company. Specifically, I did not see any development prospects there, as the informational restrictions prevented me from adequate self-actualization. Finally, another possible barrier is inappropriate infrastructure, which umbrella term comprises, primarily, transportation, storage, and inventory. Thus, the latter, as Bowersox (2019) insists, should be in the minimal quantity that it necessary for surviving drops in demand or similar perturbations. Otherwise, a business may face considerable financial challenges emerging from the need to store and maintain extra equipment; its obsolescence can aggravate the situation. In fact, this is a quite natural phenomenon even in everyday life, for instance, many have cupboards full of unnecessary items, and I am not an exception. In business, however, such practice is especially unfavorable because it can interfere with process integration. References Bowersox, D. (2019). Supply chain logistics management (5th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Naseem, M. H., Yang, J., & Xiang, Z. (2021). Prioritizing the solutions to reverse logistics barriers for the e-commerce industry in Pakistan based on a Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approach. Sustainability , 13, 12743. Web.

ESSAY: BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth Essay World history is an endless treasure trove of valuable lessons for modern humanity. People of all ages have round-the-clock access to various educational materials to research all kinds of historical events, phenomena, and personalities. One such material is the video “BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth – Democrats – 1/3” (Maximus, 2013). The presenter of this video talks about the importance of theater culture to the people of ancient Athens. At the beginning of the video, the host says that we must understand the ancient Greeks to understand ourselves. This phrase has profound meaning and sets the tone for the rest of the story. By this, the presenter implies that history is cyclical and that many of our problems are like those of people who lived many hundreds of years ago. Indeed, like fashion, history has a way of repeating itself. That is why looking at the life of the ancient Greeks; many modern people will be able to find their reflection in them. The film’s overall meaning is that the meaning of theater then and now is strikingly different. Today, theatrical productions are seen by people as entertainment and recreation. In the days of the ancient Greeks, the people of Athens learned the latest news from theatrical productions. Athens made the theater the center of its democracy – it was through performances on the stage residents participated in the city’s political life (Maximus, 2013). For the Athenians, the theater was not just a mirror of their present; it was itself a stage on which that present could be played out. The story of Athens is a story of survival in a complex and changing world. The video tells the dramatic story from the creation of the theater and shows how Athenian tragedy and comedy not only reflected the subtleties of that survival but were critical reasons for it. Based on the above, this week’s history teaches us that ancient events can be much closer than they appear. Like the people of Athens, we, too, follow the news from the productions-political debates press conferences. Our democratic will manifests itself in observation, as it did many years ago. In this way, history works out its cyclical and repetitive nature, forcing us to reflect on our place in the broader socio-political arena. Reference Maximus, C. (2013). BBC Ancient Greece The Greatest Show on Earth – Democrats – 1/3 [Video]. YouTube. Web.

ESSAY: “Before Night Falls”: The Life and Sexual Orientation of Reinaldo Arenas Essay Introduction The biographical film ‘ Before Night Falls’ touches the most delicate strings of its viewers’ soul, describing the tragic and hardship-filled life of the famous Cuban poet Reinaldo Arenas. The man was raised in a low-income family and decided to support the Cuban revolutionaries who appreciated his talent as a writer. At the same time, he suddenly resolved to issue a national appeal about his non-traditional orientation. However, his former friends and comrades-in-arms, with the famous Fidel Castro at the head, managed to declare a law banning homosexuality and together jailed the young man. For two whole years, he served his sentence in a Cuban prison and developed plans for a new brighter future. After his liberation, Reinaldo Arenas radically changes his plans and escapes to America. Although he found true love there, but the idyll ended with a disease. Thus, it is essential to establish if Reinaldo himself chose his sexual orientation or if it was influenced by various factors. Social and Cultural Factors that Influenced the Sexual Orientation Although evidence of homosexuality existed in ancient Greece, humanity has long considered it immoral. Freud’s writings in this area explain the main character’s sexual attraction to his own gender (Gibson et al. 37). In this way, the philosopher wrote that obstacles or the inability to pass a particular stage in life contribute to the development of homosexuality (Gibson et al. 37). The film’s hero suffered from living in poverty and without a father since his childhood. Even when a teacher visited the house to praise the boy’s literary abilities, his grandfather became highly annoyed (Schnabel). At the same time, viewers may notice that Reinaldo Arenas watched men bathe naked for the first time. The main protagonist smiled and looked at the men’s bodies with curiosity. Therefore, it is possible to draw a connection between the problems in the family and Reinaldo’s yet undiscovered desires. At the same time, Freud believed that innate sexual deviations could not affect a person independently (Gibson et al. 38). They were stimulated by social factors, of which there were also plenty in the central character’s life. The prohibition and persecution of homosexuals and arrests also strengthen Reynaldo Arenas’ sexual instinct. Significantly, even in prison, he believed that he could emerge free and defend gay rights (Schnabel). Carpenter remarked that members of the culture, such as writers, actively advocated for homosexual rights (Gibson et al. 39). He argued that rights and freedoms are valuable for such people, and they are willing to fight for them. Reinaldo Arenas also felt oppression and tried to restore justice in his books. He wrote about the government’s fighting against gay people, although Reinaldo could only publish abroad. As a consequence, the protagonist’s heightened sense of justice and equality, attracted by cultural figures, negatively affected his life. He was persecuted because of the written books banned by the censorship and held in custody as a particularly dangerous criminal (Schnabel). Thus, the concepts cited indicate that Reinaldo Arenas was prone to homosexuality due to the social conditions of his life, and his literary talent contributed to the expression of dissent and the desire to live freely. The Main Character’s Conscious Choice It is interesting that the protagonist assessed the consequences of his actions and understood that he would receive punishment. He did not stop writing and did not hide his homosexuality, even when the authorities intensively persecuted gay people. Reinaldo Arenas participated in homosexual parties and frequented public places with gay friends (Schnabel). It seems inappropriate behavior, considering that the protagonist was afraid of being punished and wanted to save his own life. Accordingly, it could argue that he deliberately chose this behavior and its aftereffects. According to religious cultures, sexual relations between people of the same sex need punishment. For example, Leviticus notes that committing such adultery involves mortal punishment (Gibson et al. 7). Hence, religious concepts do not accept homosexuality as a natural phenomenon or caused by social factors. Instead, they consider it a manifestation of sexual promiscuity and a particular individual choice. From this point of view, Reinaldo Arenas chose a problematic fate for himself when the hero confessed his involvement in homosexuality. Moreover, he had many sexual relationships with different partners, which indicated an amoral lifestyle that stimulated the emergence of AIDS (Schnabel). Therefore, religious doctrines are skeptical of the protagonist’s behavior and confirm that he made a conscious selection. Although the Bible describes a close relationship between David and Jonathan, some scholars interpret this as a manifestation of homosexuality (Gibson et al. 7). Accordingly, the argument that people are automatically born with a traditional orientation and that homosexuality is a personal selection that one can refute. Hence, even this interpretation of scripture by scholars explains that one does not deliberately choose homosexuality. Conclusion Thus, Freud would argue that social factors influencing an individual’s formation as a person can affect sexual orientation. The adverse conditions of Reinaldo Arenas’ childhood and adolescence may have contributed to the manifestation of a non-traditional sexual orientation. At the same time, Reinaldo’s literary abilities inspired him to resist the authorities and society. That is why he did not stop writing books and openly declared his gay identity. It was these various reasons why the main character died at a young age after experiencing a great deal of suffering. The biblical argument that sexual orientation is his own decision can people refute because some scholars believe that scripture demonstrates gay relationships. Therefore, the protagonist’s non-traditional orientation resulted from a combination of reasons that subsequently led to his death as a young man. Works Cited Gibson, Michelle, et al. Finding Out: An Introduction to LGBT Studies . Sage, 2017. Schnabel, Julian, director. Before Night Falls . Grandview Pictures, 2000.

ESSAY: Benefits of Bicycling for Persons with Parkinson’s Disease: Analysis Essay In persons diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) (P), how effective is bicycle exercise as physical activity (I) compared to usual care (C) help to improve the stableness or physical health of PD patients (O) when applied to a specific period (T)? The chosen article for the analysis is ‘Parkinson’s disease patients benefit from bicycling’ by Tiihonen et al. 2021. The article’s abstract starts by acknowledging PD patients’ difficulties in containing their conditions. According to Tiihonen et al. (2021), identify and mention that PD patients are adversely compromised and can hardly have stable movement on their own. Hence, the article strives to find out which bicycle exercise would best benefit persons diagnosed with PD. Moreover, the research would also determine which PD-related symptoms or conditions would improve the anticipated bicycle exercise. The abstract introduces the reader to a systematic database literature search, both randomized control trials (RCT) and non-randomized control trials (NRCT), which are the tools used for assessing the effect of bicycle riding on PD patients. Furthermore, the abstract quantifies several sources that were analyzed to arrive at the conclusions that were made after the cohort study. It is presented that out of 202 articles researched, about 22 were found eligible studies with approximately 505 patients suffering from PD condition. Therefore, I think the information contained in this article abstract is adequate to give an overview of the research to its readers. The key issue in this article’s introduction is the goal-directed physical exercise and general physical activities that are in practice to alleviate the challenges faced by PD patients. According to Tiihonen et al. (2021), physical and general activities have been experimentally and scientifically proven to lessen both motor and cognitive symptoms among persons diagnosed with PD. As such, exercise is a complement to standard pharmaceutical and surgical treatment of PD patients. The article further reinstated the need for diversified physical exercise forms for patients suffering from PD conditions to help improve their condition and better their lives. As presented in this article’s introduction, little or resources have been allocated to identifying noble physical activities paramount to improving patients’ needs and well-being. Bicycle riding is, therefore, one such activity that has been proposed by Tiihonen et al. (2021) to help improve PD patients’ conditions as more new forms and technologies are underway concerning therapies for persons struggling with PD conditions. The article states that exercise-based training could enhance functional mobility by utilizing enhanced strength, endurance, balance, and flexibility that support the efficient performance of these groups. Tiihonen et al. (2021), acknowledge that there is no conclusive research that proves exercise as a full remedy for the condition but could be considered as a disease-modifying element that helps in patients’ improvements. In addition, physical activities have been found to have neuroprotective effects on the brain. This research reports that in 2010, some individuals had severe gait freezing as a result of riding bicycles (Tiihonen et al., 2021). Therefore, physical activities have potential benefits for persons diagnosed with PD conditions. According to Tiihonen et al. (2021), the research adopted a criterion for judging the eligibility of the sources they ought to use to investigate the matter under question. First, the review was pre-registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. According to this study, only original reports applying quantitative measures in understanding the effects of an intervention on PD patients were rendered valid. Studies with recumbent, tandem, motorized, non-motorized, and stationary bicycle ergometers in defining bicycle exercise were also included in this research. Furthermore, studies that involve hand pedaling instead of foot pedaling were also included in this research. Studies that were unaccepted, for instance, were those in which their primary outcome had no link to the effect of bicycling on the physical health of PD patients. To gather the appropriate data, PubMed databases for biomedical literature were visited for studies from 2010 up to 2020 using keywords such as ‘Parkinson bicycle cycling.’ Which studies were settled depending on the publishing year and author, study design and design size, quantitative measures on both pre and post-treatment, demographic characteristics of the study size, and intervention characteristics? All the studies were grouped and tested upon verifying the quality of the selected sources and validating the effect of the size of the treatment. In cases where multiple primary measures were involved, a suitable measure for analysis was chosen that best aligned the rest of the outcome true. The measure was termed functional if it enabled general movement and body mobility. Afterward, secondary measures were examined and their relationship to how bicycle cycling would influence the lives of PD patients was determined. The variables that were of interest were gait, walking capacity, speeds, tremors, and balance. Some of the testing tools that were used in this research were the 6-minutes walking test, Parkinson’s Diseases Questionnaire 39, MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Diseases rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) II and III, and Quality-of-life. This is a quantitative research method because it involves the measurement of several variables that must be systematically analyzed to arrive at an informed conclusion regarding the matter of question. According to Tiihonen et al. (2021), the treatment period varied between 1-12 weeks. Out of the 22 used studies, a few PD patients did not report bicycle cadence. On the other hand, the majority of the studies reported cadence. The data collected and presented from this research ultimately showed that bicycle exercise is beneficial as PD patients are concerned. The study proved motor improvement with physical exercise. Moreover, interventions that were implemented more than once proved to yield better outcomes in managing PD patients (Tiihonen et al., 2021). Therefore, the results of this study showed that bicycling among PD persons improves their general conditions and wellbeing. In addition, the effect size that was obtained from the data indicates that bicycling has several benefits in helping diagnosed patients cope with their conditions. The hypothesis also proved true that moderate to high-intensity physical exercise among the patients had a positive result as compared to low-intensity training. Finally, the research also proves that the patient’s ability to balance improved with bicycling among PD patients. This study helps readers and the general public understands Parkinson’s Disease in depth. Moreover, the research gives more details in terms of the causes, risk factors, and how the diagnosed patients could be managed to give them hope in their daily lives. One is a coping intervention method that the study has outlined bicycling. This is considered a physical activity in which patients suffering from PD are subjected to improve their condition. Finally, the research reinstates the importance of caring for PD patients. Reference Tiihonen, M., Westner, B., Butz, M., & Dalal, S. (2021). Parkinson’s disease patients benefit from bicycling – a systematic review and meta-analysis . Npj Parkinson’s Disease , 7 (1). Web.

ESSAY: Beowulf Among Ancient European Poems Essay It goes without saying that Beowulf may be regarded as one of the most prominent ancient European poems. Although its origin remains the subject of multiple discussions, the common version describes it as “a Danish poem in the Anglo-Saxon dialect” (Neidorf 847). The poem describes the glorious life and deeds of a hero, Beowulf, who was regarded as a person sent by heaven for people (Gummere line 13). Helping Hrothgar, king of the Danes, he kills the monster Grendel and his mother. Later, when he becomes the king of Danes by himself, he has to fight a dragon that terrorizes his lands. Although he follows the beast and finally slays it, Beowulf dies, being mortally wounded. From a personal perspective, this poem reflects several essential aspects of human life. The first one is the issue of identity – in Beowulf , people were entirely associated with the glory of their ancestors. They do not exist independently from their family lineage and kinship bonds. Thus, their desire of Beowulf to be recognizable and honored forces him to search for deeds and fame. Thus, another important theme of the poem is the maturity and responsibility that come with age. At the beginning of the poem, the main hero desires personal glory and has nothing to lose. However, after becoming a king, he realizes the importance of being a wise ruler who is responsible for his people’s lives. Finally, one more topic of the poem is the tension between personal value systems and the heroic code and between Christian and pagan values. It may be regarded as an example of the multifacetedness and complexity of human nature in comparison with fixed rules that frequently do not provide appropriate answers. Works Cited Gummere, Frances B. “Beowulf (Modern English Translation).” Poetry Foundation. Neidorf, Leonard. “Beowulf as Pre-National Epic: Ethnocentrism in the Poem and its Criticism.” ELH , vol. 85, no. 4, 2018, pp. 847-875.

ESSAY: “Beowulf” in Contemporary Culture Essay Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic poem set in Jutland before the Angles migrated to Britain. The title of this literary work is the name of the main character (Hall 2). Beowulf became one of the revered heroes in Old English literature, and the poem itself had a strong influence on pop culture. This epic character, who accepts his fate without hesitation, attracts attention in modern times full of doubts and contradictions with his almost archetypal clarity and wholeness. Indeed, for example, it can be assumed that modern superhero comics are particularly popular, partly because people still need the image of a fair, superpowered being. One of the most popular heroes of the Marvel Universe is Superman. Their similarities with Beowulf are obvious – both have incredible strength and are role models for the people of their time (Burn 107). These heroes have to overcome obstacles to help those who need support. In both universes, strength and extreme physical abilities become objects of praise and reverence. In addition, a key factor contributing to the plot of the heroes’ destinies is the presence of an enemy, on whose destruction depends the survival of the world. However, the fundamental difference is that a hero’s physical strength is not enough to admire him for modern people. This characteristic must be complemented by the purity of thought and good intentions. The hero becomes much more complex as the modern world gets more sophisticated. The fact that people still draw inspiration from old stories correlates with the tenets of postmodernist theory. According to the latter, it is necessary to constantly reproduce what has passed, make sense of it, and experiment with its content. It can be seen that stories about legendary superheroes remain relevant to contemporary viewers, readers, and audiences in general. As in Saxon times, bravery and loyalty are revered, and having these characteristics is what makes an individual a role model. Works Cited Burn, Andrew. Literature, Videogames and Learning . Taylor & Francis, 2021. Hall, J. Lesslie. Beowulf, an Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem . D.C. Heath and Company, 1892.

ESSAY: Bernard Ebbers’ Input to WorldCom Firm’s Growth Essay There are multiple factors that stand behind the successful implementation of the P-O-L-C framework. It is important to prioritize some of them duly in case a company faces serious issues, or when the market indicates upcoming challenges. The collapse of WorldCom in 2002, that led to one of the largest accounting scandals in the US, provides a nice example of the lack of proper communication in a corporation. The inability of various top managers and accountants to communicate efficiently in order to prevent frauds is always disastrous. WorldCom grew rapidly under Bernard Ebbers who managed to jump at the multiple opportunities that the growing interest for telecom services provided at that time. Nevertheless, the company went bankrupt in a matter of a few years. Moreover, Ebbers faced several charges, including one count of conspiracy, one count of securities fraud and seven counts of filing false statements with securities regulators. The fact that the large portion of Ebber’s wealth was in WorldCom stocks, let alone several loans and loan guarantees from the company, was also scrutinized. The top managers of the company faced numerous charges and started to testify against each other. Moreover, Ebbers and his subordinates alike claimed to know nothing of the fraudulent schemes. According to Knecht (2020), up to 80% of employees generally believe that their opinions are not taken into account. Therefore, the major factor that led to the collapse of the telecom giant was the diminished quality of communication within the company. The reasons for all the misunderstanding and complicated series of negotiations between Ebbers, directors and accountants are rooted in barriers to communication that include motive distortion and extreme self-absorption. The top managers and professionals who were expected to lead the company tended to prioritize their own interests and receive only the parts of information and data that was convenient to them. Thus, the atmosphere created by such an attitude eventually led to the collapse of the corporation, as a result of the lack of decently organized teamwork. References Knecht, Z. (2020). Social communication crises in the company and their overcoming. Journal of Decision Systems , 29 (sup1), 129–138. Web.

ESSAY: Beverly Greene Life and View of Racism Annotated Bibliography Ackerman Institute for the Family (2021). Beverly Greene. Web. This article presents the biography of psychologist Beverly Greene, which is a scientific understanding of the life story of her personality. The text is aimed at finding and identifying the origins of a woman’s socially significant activity in her individual biographical experience. The prerequisite for the creation of this biography was the recognition of the importance of personality for Beverly Greene for psychology both nationally and globally. In this biography, the events of a woman’s life are documentary material, and they are presented from the factographic side. The plot of the biography, identified and formed by the Ackerman Institute for the Family in the life of the heroine, consists of dynamics, personality development and its patterns. The genre affiliation of this publication is defined as a popular science biography. This work is addressed to a special audience and meets the requirements of verifiability and consistency. The degree of the author’s presence in the biography, and the amount of transformation of life events are insignificant. Interpretation of life events and logical analysis are carried out without moral evaluation, there is no emotional coloring. Since authors are objective, and there is no biased interpretation of the life events of Beverly Greene, the source can be called accurate and valid. It has documentary and scientific features, devoid of stylistic picturesqueness or imagery. The authors of the biography do not bring their life experience and values to the study in any way. The text of the biography is organized through a consistent description of verified and repeatedly verified facts. A special scientific concept is summed up under the description of events; this biography is a scientific study. The narrative about the personality of Beverly Greene is built on verifiable facts. This source was very useful, as it allows the reader to get a fairly clear idea of the origin and scientific path of Beverly Greene, which are necessary to understand the context of the psychologist’s views. After presenting this work, the reader can get an idea of how the scientist’s life path influenced the formation of her new scientific theories. By reading this article, it can be also tracked which events in the life of Beverly Greene preceded the making of discoveries in the field of psychology and the emergence of new ideas in her. Due to the information presented by the authors, it is possible to observe in what conditions the information accumulated by different scientific disciplines formed into a single picture. Ensuring productive interdisciplinary interaction of history and psychology helped in solving the difficult problem of identifying the concept of the flow of scientific knowledge in Beverly Greene. Rubin, L. (2022). Beverly Greene on Race, Racism and Psychotherapy . Psychology. Web. This article deals with the peculiarities of the psychotherapeutic work of people suffering from racism. The reader is presented with an interview with Beverly Greene, who raises the problem of racism and considers it from the perspective of psychotherapy. The focus of the professional activity of the psychologist includes clients who have suffered from racial discrimination. Beverly Greene gives a detailed answer to the question of how racial stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination affect psychological health. The psychologist also refers to the situation with George Floyd as an example illustrating the actual problem of modernity. Beverly Greene emphasizes that the signs of nationality should act as an incentive for a psychologist to show increased attention and alertness to the presence of injuries associated with the experience of discrimination. The main advantage of this publication is its objectivity which in this case does not mean the mathematical accuracy of the transmission of the scientific position expressed by Beverly Greene. Rather, it is the coverage of the conversation with her, excluding emotions and separating facts from opinions. Such objectivity is associated with the structure of writing a text in a form of an inverted pyramid, when facts are arranged according to their importance from top to bottom. Objectivity, the accuracy and validity of the source in this case is considered as an accurate coverage of the psychologist’s opinion in the form of an impartial description. There is practically no analytical coverage of the scientific concept of Beverly Greene in the article, which excludes the possibility of biased interpretation of her ideas. The interviewer asking the scientist questions is unbiased and has a good knowledge of the subject of the conversation, as a result of which the source fully correspond to the position of Beverly Greene. The advantages of this source are that an interview is chosen as a form of research; it allows the information to be as useful as possible. The reader can see not only the specific view of the Beverly Greene person on the specifics of working with patients affected by racism. It is also possible to assess the level of her education and culture, calculate the angles of her worldview and identify her high competence in psychology. If there is a lack of understanding of what the respondent is talking about, the interviewer asks her clarifying questions, so that everything said is definitely presented in an accessible form for the reader.

ESSAY: Beverly Tatum’s Monolog About Injustice of Racism Essay (Book Review) Beverly Daniel Tatum, a prominent expert on education and psychology, argues that racial identity is one of the most pressing matters in contemporary society. The issue of discrimination against people of color is ubiquitous despite democracy and international law. Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?: And other conversations about race is the author’s sincere monolog about injustice, which provides insight into its grounds, effects, and approaches to overpower it. The book reveals the issue of inequality from multiple angles, and it is demanding to pick out a few leading ideas, as Tatum tries to cover distinct topics in a certain number of pages. She starts with a definition of racism and explains that it is challenging to have an honest conversation about race due to its negative stigma. Furthermore, the author’s point is to define the state of discrimination in the country and the world nowadays and explore what steps need to be taken to develop identity. The book educates readers on how black people perform in white society and how white ones act in their community, noting the various subtleties and characteristics of security and privilege. Moreover, one of the central themes is the concern of patience and silence. People need to understand that black children sit together because they feel understood and can develop a part of their identity that remains unformed without these connections. They think that other individuals are incapable of sharing their values, and therefore it is unsafe to be a part of their circle. One of the first efforts to comprehend systemic discrimination is eliminating the fear, shame, and protection around the word racist. Whether white or colored, everyone is exposed to the smog of stereotypes, misinformation, prejudice, and disregarded history. There is a tendency, especially among whites, to deny the existence of systemic racism because accepting it as truth is like admitting that they are racist, and that needs to be altered. The author’s idea is that there must be a clear distinction between the negative attitudes, assumptions, and stereotypes that one person may project on another and how racism operates in society. If everyone understood discrimination as a set of policies and practices that systematically give white people an advantage over people of color, the matter would become apparent. Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?: And other conversations about race raises fundamental issues of discrimination that are particularly acute in education. The negative racial biases that black children face lead to frequent suspensions, resulting in excessive absences and the fact that they cannot receive the same quality of education as their white counterparts. After reading, it becomes apparent that it is necessary to create encouraging conditions for communication between diverse students. It is the educator who can control the nature of this interaction directly. The book helps comprehend that education is the most promising tool to fight racism and build inclusive societies. Children can and should be taught equality, respect, and tolerance from a young age. Moreover, the author’s thoughts inspire a shift in the approach to learning so that students of color feel empowered rather than victimized. Equally meaningful is communicating to white children and explaining their role in discrimination counteracting. Education contributes to building a global community in which integrity, ethics, non-discrimination, and respect for the rule of law are essential pillars. The author’s central message emphasizes the educator’s role in developing the students’ ability to operate existing or acquired knowledge to alter their behavior. It is necessary to promote proper conduct in appropriate circumstances, such as making ethical decisions and speaking out against discrimination. Fighting something as pervasive as systemic racism may seem like an impossible task for an educator, but Tatum emphasizes that everyone can start with their sphere of influence. Every individual has some impact on the lives of others and is capable of taking small steps that will dismantle racist systems. The book has undoubtedly valuable sense, though some of the author’s ideas seem exaggerated, such as ubiquitous racism in the media. Daniel Tatum illustrates the discrimination through the Lion King example. According to the author’s beliefs, the good characters are voiced by white people and are portrayed in a lighter shade, and the evil ones are expressed by minorities and are darker. This sample seems irrational because it is evident that no discrimination was intended. Moreover, no one would think about the skin color of the person who voices the cartoon, let alone any hidden social or racial controversies that it might represent. This example demonstrates that not all of Tatum’s arguments are valid, and one should not look for racism everywhere. If one parses all movies or any media for that matter, one would assume that they are all built on discrimination, even if they are not. It is necessary to encourage proper intentions and equality rather than seeking racism. In conclusion, Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?: And other conversations about race is a book that explains the hardships that people of color experience. Despite the controversial ideas, the author describes the causes of inequality in an accessible manner and points out that everyone can enhance the situation if they take action. Thus, this book is helpful to everyone, especially the educator, who lays the foundation of the relationship between diverse groups of children.

ESSAY: “Bhagavad Gita”: The Reading Reflection Essay The Bhagavad Gita is an ancient Indian scripture that consists of 700 verses and is part of the larger epic Mahabharata. This book is one of the central holy scriptures of Hinduism and dates from the second half of the first millennium BC. e. The plot of the Gita unfolds within the framework of a conversation between Arjuna, the prince of the Pandavas, and Krishna, his guide, charioteer, and the supreme God incarnate. Krishna prompts Arjuna’s behavior patterns and helps to solve some moral expectations. The latter is connected with the need for the Pandavas to fight against the Kauravas. This paper aims to reflect on the Bhagavad Gita , one of the most outstanding books of the Indian epic. Arjuna exhibits characteristic traits, such as self-confidence, arrogance, pride. Arjuna demonstrates outstanding martial skills and is one of the best warriors. Krishna is the personification of the Supreme God and his traits include wisdom, humility, knowledge, and benevolence. The two characters have a close relationship: “Then, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), stationed in their magnificent chariot with white horses yoked to it, loudly blew their divine conchs” (“Bhagavad Gita,” 2021, p. 13). Other characters are the Kaurava king Dhritarashtra and his adviser Sanjaya, secondary characters. The purpose of the author of the epic was to tell about the battle of Kurukshetra, where two Indian armies gathered to fight until the final victory. Arjuna asks Krishna to drive up to the center of the battlefield and finds those who will participate and those who want war – his relatives, friends, and teachers. Arjuna feels betrayed as he doesn’t want to fight and kill them. Full of doubt, he drops his bow and asks his charioteer Krishna many questions about the reasons for the war, the possibility of renouncing the battle, the correctness of his action, and ethical dilemmas. Thus, the reflection on the Bhagavad Gita, one of the most outstanding books of the Indian epic, was provided. The book is relevant, as it reveals eternal themes – morality, justice, a sense of duty, a feeling of love for one’s neighbor. The philosophical dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna touches on the most challenging ethical topics that apply to both war and peace. The characters discuss identity crisis, the purpose of life, the human self, and human temperament. Reference Bhagavad Gita . (2018). Advaita Ashrama.

ESSAY: Bias and Discrimination: Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping Report (Assessment) The TED Talks are illustrations of bio-psycho-social-spiritual developmental issues which ultimately create circumstances in which certain people do not feel fully included in society. For example, Smith (2015) refers to the differences correlating with raising a white and a black child. Abdel-Magied (2014), on the other hand, exemplifies how a piece of clothing changes the way people treat, view, and evaluate Muslim women. It is certain that discrimination starts with bias, which is a layered concept. An article published by New York Times (2016) refers to the experiences of non-white people in the US, which often correlate with the lack of feeling of inclusion. This is also perpetrated by bias, which creates specific overviews in which people tend to favor a group of people over another one. The bias may be automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent depending on its characteristics and how it manifests in terms of people’s opinions on certain groups of individuals (Fiske, 2022). While such incidents have never been personally experienced, it is certain that the lives of people I know have been affected in terms of self-esteem and confidence, which can often be negatively impacted because of discrimination. I would like to explore racial bias due to its relevance in today’s day and age, namely how it manifests on structural levels. As mentioned prior, the three types of bias are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent. Automatic bias may be exemplified through the link between a white person’s overview of an African-American man as dangerous or a Muslim woman as suppressed, which is a result of intrinsic discrimination. Ambiguous biased is exemplified through a Latino person preferring to befriend other Latinos or an African-American individual seeking other African-Americans in terms of hiring preferences. Ambiguous bias (illustrated through characteristics of competence and warmth) can be referred to as one’s overview of all rich people as competent or all homeless people as incompetent. While people are different based on their background, skin color, religion, gender, and other characteristics, this does not mean they cannot get along if they are not judging others. References Abdel-Magied, Y. (2014). What does my headscarf mean to you? . TED Talk. Web. Fiske, S. T. (2022). Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping . Noba. Web. The New York Times. (2016). A conversation on Race. The New York Times. Web. Smith, C. (2015). How to raise a black son in America . TED Talk. Web.

ESSAY: Bias in Facial Recognition Algorithms Essay (Critical Writing) The film “Coded Bias” provides comprehensive information regarding the problems related to facial recognition algorithms, determining several sources of bias. They primarily include the original orientation of creators on white faces, leading to the lack of data regarding dark complexion and the prevalence of prejudiced male developers. These conditions do not allow establishing equality in terms of race and gender and seem to present a significant threat to the field stemming from the failure to meet everyone’s needs. In addition, the lack of knowledge of how the programs process data and make conclusions does not help eliminate the risks. In turn, the possible ways of reducing this type of bias attributed to present-day facial recognition algorithms are to prevent their implementation in legal proceedings and police activity in general and introduce practical improvements. The former means accepting responsibility for decisions, and the latter suggestion is multi-faceted and should begin with updating databases to increase their variety and conducting independent assessments to confirm efficiency. By adopting these measures, bias based on race and gender can be addressed over time, and the appropriate quality of operations can be guaranteed. The mentioned ideas seem crucial for promoting proper use of technology; however, they can not only increase the precision of programs but also resolve the challenge concerning surveillance and racialized minorities. This standpoint is based on the above consideration, according to which accountability for decisions should be clearly established. This change can be performed if the algorithms work correctly, and minimizing or eliminating bias, in this case, is possible if internal and external evaluations correlate with each other. In this way, the future of this field in terms of its suitability for investigations is conditional upon the efforts of specialists in resolving the existing issues to address major concerns of Nakamura and Browne.

ESSAY: Biomedical Research Ethics and Human Rights Essay Biomedical research includes direct interaction with individuals, and rules exist to set boundaries for studying subjects in a morally appropriate manner. After terrifying experiments conducted on humans during World War II, ethical regulations were established to regulate scientific work and eliminate harm or disrespect to the participants (Piasecki & Dranseika, 2019). History revealed that although rapid technological progress is impossible without research, respect for subjects must always be shown regardless of how it might complicate the process. The latest studies include ethical considerations and peer-reviewing boards also check if the biomedical studies have doubtful aspects in their methodologies. This paper aims to discuss the impact of the history of research ethics on modern approaches and the protection of the rights of human subjects. Ethics are vital for biomedical research because their methodologies include direct intervention into an individual’s private space, body, or mental health conditions. The history of regulations began with the Nuremberg Code established in 1948 which declared that no study could be conducted on a person without their voluntary consent (Dawson et al., 2020). Another significant part of the research ethics in biomedicine is the Declaration of Helsinki which provided the guidelines which, for instance, prohibit the conduct of studies without prior laboratory testing on animals (Piasecki & Dranseika, 2019). The regulations address main principles such as respect, beneficence, and justice through informed consent, risk assessment, and fair outcomes prognosis. Learning the history of research ethics impacts the view of biomedical studies by providing the understanding of the priority of human rights over any scientific progress, even if it promises beneficial results for healthcare. Many modern and old biomedical research articles have been read and studied throughout the nursing educational course, and different ethical considerations were noticed. Furthermore, during the work on the PICOT question, the most recent studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and can serve as an example of protecting human rights. The practicum issue for which the PICOT framework is used is the increased number of skipped follow-up visits by impoverished patients in the local clinic (Dawson et al., 2020). Studies about the identified population and the influence of non-attendance on their health outcomes and service quality were selected for retrieving evidence to develop an intervention. For instance, the article “Negative impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health service access and follow-up adherence for immigrants and individuals in socio-economic difficulties” is based on research on patient records (Aragona et al., 2020). The data was anonymized, and no informed consents were signed; however, it is inadequate protection of human subjects’ rights. Indeed, there is no confirmation that patients know that their health information might be used for scientific or educational purposes. Another research related to skipping follow-up visits and the specific population is “‘Missingness’ in health care: Associations between hospital utilization and missed appointments in general practice” conducted as a retrospective cohort study. Scientists aimed to retrieve the connection between worsening participants’ conditions and the increased frequency of reaching healthcare facilities and used patient records for analysis (Williamson et al., 2021). Although the selected articles are not related to biomedicine and have no direct interventions, they show that the research ethics still need enforcement. For instance, organizations can develop a policy that informs all patients that their records can be used for educational or scientific purposes and requires a signed document to allow personal data analysis. The history of research ethics had crucial lessons about prioritizing human subjects’ rights and addressing the principles of justice and beneficence. Indeed, scientific interventions must have boundaries that cannot be passed despite the demand for further progress, and participants must always be aware of the studies’ methodologies. The analysis of articles related to the PICOT question about the impoverished population skipping their follow-up visits revealed that the researchers might still underestimate the ethical considerations. References Aragona, M., Barbato, A., Cavani, A., Costanzo, G., & Mirisola, C. (2020). Negative impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health service access and follow-up adherence for immigrants and individuals in socio-economic difficulties. Public Health, 186 , 52-56. Web. Dawson, A., Emanuel, E. J., Parker, M., Smith, M. J., & Voo, T. C. (2020). Key ethical concepts and their application to COVID-19 research. Public Health Ethics, 13 (2), 127-132. Web. Piasecki, J., & Dranseika, V. (2019). Research versus practice: The dilemmas of research ethics in the era of learning healthcare systems. Bioethics, 33 (5), 617-624. Web. Williamson, A. E., McQueenie, R., Ellis, D. A., McConnachie, A., & Wilson, P. (2021). ‘Missingness’ in health care: Associations between hospital utilization and missed appointments in general practice. A retrospective cohort study. PloS One, 16 (6), e0253163. Web.

ESSAY: Biracial People in Modern Society Case Study Biracial people have many advantages that open many opportunities for the non-standard perception of the world. In this case, the reader is confronted with the story of a girl who has problems with the perception of her own identity. There are problems associated with the fact that the girl cannot detect her belonging to a particular group, which causes anxiety about the impossibility of having friends. This essay reveals various features of biracial people that allow them to feel their identity better. This is an opportunity to combine different cultural characteristics, which manifests itself in confidence and a decrease in the feeling of belonging to one particular group. Multi-racial persons can have better self-esteem than mono-racial people if they are nurtured to identify with both parents and comprehend their diverse racial ancestry. An important feature here is that biracial people do not depend on the stereotypes that society imposes on other people. An example here is a situation where a person may face uncertainty or fear of failure since others may judge him as a stupid or uneducated person based on their race. That is why being a biracial person is less influenced by someone else’s opinion. The girl needs to realize her main feature, which allows her to adopt the qualities and characteristics of different cultures. In addition, another important characteristic that allows people to develop their own confidence better is a more excellent range of interests and hobbies (Weaver, 2020). This allows biracial people to strengthen their self-confidence since they are also independent of stereotypical ideas. In this case, they open up many opportunities related to professions or other things that could be perceived negatively by society in a normal situation. The fact that multi-racial persons might inherit a more extensive range of characteristics is significant. Mixed-race offspring are more likely to inherit a variety of physical traits from both parents, allowing them to defy preconceptions. They can be brown-eyed blondes, fair-skinned tiny brunettes with various eye colors, or fair-skinned petite brunettes with various eye colors. There are many physical combinations for mixed-race children, especially when their parents do not look similar (Weaver, 2020). In reality, there have been reported occurrences of mixed-race twins that appear to be significantly different from one another, such as one who is fair-skinned while the other is brown-skinned. The girl needs to understand that various qualities do not limit her from belonging to a particular group, but the set opens up more opportunities. In this case, the feeling of dissimilarity should not become an obstacle, but on the contrary, it should be an advantage for the girl. The sensation of vulnerability that comes with feeling like a person is just a part of a small minority in society is fading. Mixed-race persons are tired of constantly defending their identification and are more secure in asserting their own identity rather than accepting whatever society assigns them. Mixed-race persons have seldom opposed this imposition because they have historically been conditioned by the necessity to live in cultures controlled by single racial groupings (Weaver, 2020). Instead, people have merely conformed to whatever identity designations others have assigned to them or have arisen from previous interracial confrontations. On the other hand, the girl must recognize that the opportunity to establish her own identity is a significant duty. Thus, summing up, it should be noted that biracial have unique characteristics that allow them to perceive the surrounding reality in a different way. This is manifested in overcoming the framework of stereotypical judgments and reducing the level of dependence on one racial group. All this also makes it possible to increase confidence and strengthen interactions with representatives of different, heterogeneous cultures. Thus, the girl from this case needs to learn to be aware of her own special identity. Reference Weaver, J. (2020). Identity development in biracial children: Contextual factors from social work. Keystone Journal of Undergraduate Research , 7 (1), 13–22. Web.

ESSAY: Bird Strikes in Aviation: Causes and Results Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. How Many Species of Birds Exist 3. What Frequencies Do Birds Hear? 4. The Species of Birds Altitude 5. Current Technology that Deters Birds in Airports and Planes 6. Conclusion 7. List of References Introduction A bird strike happens when an aircraft in a flight and a bird collides or when landing or takeoff. Bird Strike is prevalent, and it can cause substantial hazards to aircraft safety. For instance, substantial damage may be caused in a small aircraft, particularly in jet-engine aircraft vulnerable to thrust loss. It causes bird ingestion in the engine air intake. This has been the cause of various fatal accidents. Since large bird numbers in a particular flight are at reduced ranks, bird strikes are more likely during the stages of takeoff, approach, landing, and initial climb. Since the majority of birds fly in the daytime, the majority of birds associated strikes happen in the daytime. Consequently, the following research aims to assess the bird species globally, the birds hearing frequencies, the species of birds’ altitude, and current technology that deters birds in airports and planes. The figures below indicate the images of birds striking. Figure 1 Figure 2 How Many Species of Birds Exist Birds are widely regarded as a well-studied cohort, with more than 95 percent of their global species composition approximated to have been explained. According to most scorecards used by bird watchers and scientists, there are approximately 9,000 to10, 000 birds species (Van Gasteren et al., 2019, p. 907). However, those figures are based on the “biological species concept,” which characterizes species based on what creatures can breed together. Another study conducted by Princeton University professionals found approximately 9,700 bird species globally, though this figure is debatable (Miłek and Blicharz-Domańska, 2018, p. 251). According to BirdLife.org, the world is home to nearly 11,000 different bird species (Miłek and Blicharz-Domańska, 2018, p. 251). Even though the precise number of bird species in the world varies, nearly all projections are in the 10,000-species range. So, it is safe to say that there are approximately 10,000 bird species on the planet. What Frequencies Do Birds Hear? Birds are a hazard to aviation and prey on a variety of crops. Even though a lethal monitor is required in many circumstances, it is normally preferable to use nonlethal methodologies to dissipate birds from specific environments for several reasons. Sound is one type of deterrent dispersal methodology (Heffner et al., 2020, p. 901). To be effective, the noises must be loud enough for birds to hear, within the frequency spectrum that the birds’ earlobes can identify, and include a biologically relevant signal that induces the birds to escape. This makes it necessary to consider the frequency at which birds hear sounds. Hearing is number two only to vision in controlling their surroundings for birds. Avian hearing is most susceptible to sounds between 1 and 4 kHz, even if they can hear increasing and decreasing frequencies (Heffner et al., 2020, p. 902). Moreover, no bird species has demonstrated responsiveness to ultrasonic frequencies. Although responsiveness to frequencies below 20 Hz (sound) has attracted great attention, bird species have demonstrated physiological (Zeyl et al., 2020) and behavioral reactions to these low frequencies. Within the 1 – 4 kHz range, the frequency of institutional racism in birds is only around half or one-third as effective as in human beings (Zeyl et al., 2020, p. 1037). Destruction of the auditory receptors caused by loud noises is an issue that birds face as humans do. The quantity of destruction and the intensity of the sound created varies based on the species. Birds living in airport populated places may be regularly exposed to sound thresholds that affect their hearing. Consequently, auditory alerts must be at frequency bands detectable by the damaged auditory receptors to disperse birds using sound accurately (Zeyl et al., 2020). Even though some, if not all, bird species can revolutionize hair cells, sustained exposure to loud noises would result in hearing loss. The Species of Birds Altitude Many bird species are located in natural environments. These environments are greater than 13,123 ft above sea level, while others regularly fly to heights of 10,000-13,000 feet which is 3,000-4,000 meters, particularly when relocating (Conkling et al., 2018). Scott wrote that a multitude of bird species navigate at even high elevations (Conkling et al., 2018). Scott is interested in how vertebrates operate in physically demanding surroundings (Conkling et al., 2018, p. 1171). Scott emphasizes that birds such as hummingbirds and sparrows exist in heights of 16,404 ft (5,000 m) in the Alpine region (Conkling et al., 2018, p. 1171). Other birds, such as massive Andean condors, are found at 18,044 feet which is 5,500 m. Mallard ducks have been observed at heights of 21,000 ft., which is 6,401 m. Moreover, the bar-headed geese in Central Asia are explicitly monitored at 23,917 ft (Conkling et al., 2018). Such high-flyers are capable of exerting themselves at incredible heights. While the size of these birds varies, they all have one commonality: they have a larger wingspan comparative to their bodies when contrasted to birds that fly lower. However, as Scott points out, high-altitude flight necessitates more than just longer wings, which present immense physical challenges. “The first great hurdle is that the air becomes less intense” (Conkling et al., 2018, p. 1172). They must flutter as they fly greater. Hence, they struggle to stay skyward, which increases their metabolism requirements. The availability of oxygen (O 2 ) becomes confined and gets colder at greater heights, and birds have to warm them. Moreover, as the air becomes dry, they are more prone to losing water through respiration and water loss, leaving them thirsty. Charles Bishop asserts that physiological modifications undoubtedly permit birds to achieve extraordinary altitudes (Biteman et al., 2018). Bishop, a strong bar-headed bird’s research associate, told Reporters via email indicating that the geese birds do not struggle from heights sickness. These birds hyperventilate while piloting to continue increasing their oxygen consumption. Because of their rapid breathing, their blood becomes more basic, influencing blood flow to the brain in humans (Biteman et al., 2018, p.28). Consequently, this is why hyperventilating causes most individuals to faint or be dizzy. However, geese are very impervious to alkaline environments or high PH states. as a result, blood flow to the creatures’ biological makeup remains normal, as the Bishop suggests. “Finally,” Bishop told Live Science, “the hemoglobin in their blood has a relatively high affinity for oxygen binding” (El-Sayed, 2019, p.109). All through their long waves of migration, ranging from 1,243 to 3,107 miles which are 2,000 to 5,000Km, and last 5 to 200 hours, bar-headed geese use a “roller-coaster strategy” (El‐Sayed, 2019, P 108). Observations made directly of the geese’s height happened at a rate of 98% below 18,044 ft. “Whenever the geese had to fly over a high obstacle, they would immediately come down” (El-Sayed, 2019, p. 109). Furthermore, as per Scott, flying higher may give birds fair prospects for long-haul flights. Migration patterns flights at higher elevations introduce the living creatures to fewer predatory animals, while wind conditions can help the birds fly more efficiently, and cold weather can keep the living creatures from excessive heat. Current Technology that Deters Birds in Airports and Planes When birds are prevalent in an area of aircraft action, among the most popular techniques of scaring them off-airport land is to fire air cannons. Nevertheless airports regularly alter the neighboring surroundings to make it less bird-friendly or substituting grass with crushed rock (Biteman et al., 2018, p. 28). Some airports are compelled to get innovative to keep birds at bay. This suggests that Salt Lake City’s airport uses pigs to feed gull eggs (Arrondo et al., 2021 p. 31). Similarly, border collies chase away egrets and herons at Southwest Florida International. Conclusion A bird strike occurs when an aircraft in flight collides with a bird or when landing or taking off. Bird strikes are common, posing significant risks to aircraft safety. Because of most birds in flight at subordinates, bird strikes seem to be more probable during the departure airport, preliminary climb, attitude, and arrival stages. Birds are widely regarded as a well-studied group, with more than 95 percent of their global species composition roughly explained. Birds threaten aviation and prey on a wide range of crops. Although lethal control is required in many situations, it is frequently preferable to use nonlethal methods to disperse or deter birds from specific locations for various reasons. Most of these species live in natural environments that are more than 13,123 ft (4,000 meters) above sea level. Others normally tend to fly heights 10,000-13,000 ft when relocating (Miłek and Blicharz-Domańska, 2018, p. 252). When birds are abundant in an area of aircraft activity, one of the most common methods of scaring them off-airport land is to fire air cannons, but airports also frequently alter the surrounding environment to make it less bird-friendly, such as filling in ponds or replacing grass with crushed rock. In the appearance of bird exercise, postpone takeoff or touching down. The plane should keep the speed below 10,000 feet to less than 250 tangles if feasible (Biteman et al., 2018, 29). Afterward, they should ascend at the fastest possible rate below 2,000 feet to reduce flight time vulnerability to a potential attack danger. List of References Arrondo, E., García-Alfonso, M., Blas, J., Cortes-Avizanda, A., De la Riva, M., Devault, T., Fiedler, W., Flack, A., Jimenez, J., Lambertucci, S., Margalida, A., Oliva-Vidal, P., Phipps, L., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Wikelski, M. and Donazar, J. 2021). Use of avian GPS tracking to mitigate human fatalities from bird strikes caused by large soaring birds. Journal of Applied Ecology . Volume 2, pp.31-34 Biteman, D., Collins, D. and Washburn, B., 2018. Sunshine, Beaches, and Birds: Managing Raptor-Aircraft collisions at airports in Southern California. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference , 28. pp. 28-35. Conkling, T., Belant, J., DeVault, T. and Martin, J., 2018. Impacts of biomass production at civil airports on grassland bird conservation and aviation strike risk. Ecological Applications , 28(5), pp. 1168-1181. El-Sayed, A., 2022. Bird Strike in Aviation . Zagazig University Press. 25(3), 98-111. Heffner, R., Cumming, J., Koay, G. and Heffner, H., 2020. Hearing in Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus): sensitivity to infrasound. Journal of Comparative Physiology A , 206(6), pp. 899-906. Miłek, J. and Blicharz-Domańska, K., 2018. Coronaviruses in avian species – review with focus on epidemiology and diagnosis in wild birds. Journal of Veterinary Research , 62(3), pp. 249-255. Van Gasteren, H., Krijgsveld, K., Klauke, N., Leshem, Y., Metz, I., Skakuj, M., Sorbi, S., Schekler, I. and Shamoun‐Baranes, J., 2019. Aeroecology meets aviation safety: early warning systems in Europe and the Middle East prevent collisions between birds and aircraft. Ecography , 42(5), pp. 899-911. Zeyl, J., Ouden, O., Köppl, C., Assink, J., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Patrick, S. and Clusella‐Trullas, S., 2020. Infrasonic hearing in birds: a review of audiometry and hypothesized structure–function relationships. Biological Reviews , 95(4), pp. 1036-1054.

ESSAY: Black Maternal Health: A Systematic Approach Annotated Bibliography Black women worldwide have problems with access to high-level health care, which impairs their health during pregnancy and childbirth and poses risks to the child’s health. Children are the future of modern society, and every woman deserves quality care to ensure her well-being and that of her child. Systematic adjustments, starting with health care, aimed at improving the well-being of black women and improving the accessibility of quality health care will improve maternal health and women’s possibilities in this matter. A literature search and review were conducted to examine the subject presented. PubMed and Science Direct databases were used to find suitable sources. Sources had to meet specific criteria for inclusion in work: they should be published in English no more than five years ago in peer-reviewed journals and correspond to the research topic. As a result, four sources were selected that entered the annotated bibliography. They present several perspectives for the issue of black maternal health – understanding factors such as economic status, cultural and social aspects, the influence of stereotypes, and the subject of intersectionality. While making recommendations for changes, the authors agree that a systematic approach is needed to address existing problems. Bullock, H. E., Reppond, H. A., Truong, S. V., & Singh, M. R. (2020). An intersectional analysis of the feminization of homelessness and mothers’ housing precarity. Journal of Social Issues, 76 , 835–858. Web. The authors draw attention to the tendency of feminization and racialization in the prevalence of homelessness. They conducted interviews with homeless mothers to investigate the causes of homelessness, factors of gender and race, and their correlation. Bullock et al. (2020) focused on particular sides – economic problems, housing issues, and weak welfare programs. They identified many causes of homelessness among mothers connected with intersectionality. The authors’ central argument claims that there is a need for holistic approaches to address the concerns of inequality and vulnerabilities. Their results show that not only significant problems such as job loss but also difficulties in dealing with more minor issues such as fines have a significant impact on well-being. The source under consideration is of interest for studying the theme of Black Maternal Health. It provides an overview of the pathway and problems that worsen the situation of black mothers. Homelessness is a critical issue that affects health, and often this problem exists in conjunction with others, like access to medicine or nutritional matters. The difficulties identified prove the need for systemic changes to improve maternal health. The authors also put forward proposals for potential solutions, such as investing in programs for housing affordability, providing legal aid, and strengthening social support policies. The source has strengths and weaknesses that influence the assessment of its value. The article does not have significant gaps, and its strength in the method used as it helps to understand the experience of the considered population better. Moreover, the advantage is addressing intersectionality, including factors of race and gender. However, the article has limitations and leaves open questions about the influence of other factors, such as relationship with a partner or sexual orientation. Researchers also recognize the homogeneity of their sample, as all women spoke English and were single. Although they had the experience of homelessness, they had at least someplace to live. Destine, S., Brooks, J., & Rogers, C. (2020). Black maternal health crisis, COVID-19, and the crisis of care. Feminist Studies, 46 (3), 603-614. Web. The authors provide examples and proof that during the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to barriers established by it, racism continues to have a substantial impact on the health of black mothers. Destine et al. (2020) argue that the pandemic exacerbated existing health problems for black mothers and further complicated the situation for queer, transgender, and undocumented births. As a result, new risks to the health of the mother and child appeared, and the threat to life increased. The authors provide several recommendations to address some of the most significant issues and improve the situation of black mothers. The source is of interest to the topic, as it discusses additional factors affecting maternal health, particularly the pandemic influence. Moreover, the proposed policy recommendations are also helpful for considering and creating new proposals. While the data presented are the strength of the source, it has several drawbacks. The authors present a literature review rather than a study, which may cause a risk of bias. Moreover, not all identified issues have appropriate recommendations or solutions. The question remains of protecting births from both COVID and maternal health risks. It is necessary to overestimate the authors’ recommendations considering the restrictions and the pandemic factor to answer it. Green, T. L., Zapata, J. Y., Brown, H. W., & Hagiwara, N. (2021). Rethinking bias to achieve maternal health equity: Changing organizations, not just individuals. Obstetrics and Gynecology , 137 (5), 935–940. Web. The study focuses on the issue of implicit bias, which prevents providing decent care for black women. The authors argue that stereotypes, particularly about health differences, have historical roots but continue to affect health care significantly. The problem is supported by manifestations of racism at other levels. For example, there is still an insufficient number of black physicians in healthcare, which may be due to bias, education unavailability, and other factors (Green et al., 2021). In this regard, the authors of the article offer several recommendations. They aim to transform medical education, particularly the elimination of stereotypes. The proposals also offer increased standardization and accountability of care processes and support for racial diversity among physicians. The source is of interest for the topic under study, as it carefully examines the causes of the problem from within the medical system. Understanding that racism in the educational system is closely linked to bias in health care is critical and supports the thesis of the need for structural change. The new perspective also expands on possible recommendations to address inadequate care for black maternal health. This review does not have significant gaps and expands existing research disclosing the theme determined by the authors. The benefits of the source are in view from within healthcare; however, there are limitations as methods to combat implicit bias are still insufficiently effective. Moreover, the authors did not use an intersectional approach but focused precisely on the factor of race. Therefore, in studying the topic, it is essential to consider additional sources and explore influencing factors – the economic situation, relations with a partner, and other aspects. Parker, A. (2021). Reframing the narrative: Black maternal mental health and culturally meaningful support for wellness. Infant Mental Health Journal , 42 (4), 502-516. Web. The source is considering a new factor in the problem of black maternal health – mental health. The author argues that existing narratives common in culture and society impair the health of mothers and their children and should be changed. Narratives support racism and the myth of white supremacy and ignore the strengths and significance of black mothers, which makes the situation worse. Parker (2021) propose recognizing the existence and influence of cultural oppression, combating economic, political, and cultural pressure, and admitting the significance and strengths of black families. The article complements the study of black maternal health by presenting the view of mental health and related cultural aspects. This perspective expands the intersectional question and considers society and culture as sources of oppression for black women. Moreover, in presenting an Afrocentric view, the source more deeply explores racial awareness and competence issues, which is its strength. While the recommendations given are valuable, they still need verification in practice, which is a limitation of the source. References Bullock, H. E., Reppond, H. A., Truong, S. V., & Singh, M. R. (2020). An intersectional analysis of the feminization of homelessness and mothers’ housing precarity. Journal of Social Issues, 76 , 835–858. Web. Destine, S., Brooks, J., & Rogers, C. (2020). Black maternal health crisis, COVID-19, and the crisis of care. Feminist Studies, 46 (3), 603-614. Web. Green, T. L., Zapata, J. Y., Brown, H. W., & Hagiwara, N. (2021). Rethinking bias to achieve maternal health equity: Changing organizations, not just individuals. Obstetrics and Gynecology , 137 (5), 935–940. Web. Parker, A. (2021). Reframing the narrative: Black maternal mental health and culturally meaningful support for wellness. Infant Mental Health Journal , 42 (4), 502-516. Web.

ESSAY: Black’s Self-Expression and Identity in the Caribbean Essay The Caribbean history includes the ruthless colonization by Western countries like Spain. Upon colonization, the area was home to native groups such as the Ciboney or Guanahuatebey, Taino Arawak, and Carib. The colonizers brought a bunch of enslaved Africans who would work in their homes and plantations. The Whites were the minority and foreigners in the Caribbean but brutally seized and ruled against the Blacks majority. However, the Blacks maintained their identity and self-expression through various cultural activities evident to date. The Caribbean is the home for many musical genres expressing human freedom and revolution. Reggae is associated with the Caribbean people, and it is the unofficial soundtrack of many Caribbean vacations. Reggae musicians such as Bob Marley and the Wailers produced revolutionary and redemptions songs protesting against the White brutal rule in the Caribbean. Therefore, through Reggae, the Caribbean people expressed their anger against the ruthless White control. The majority African population in the Caribbean identified themselves with their cuisines and customs, including religious beliefs. The enslaved people maintained their African culinary art and cherished their cuisines. For instance, the Callaloo, the Caribbean vegetable soup, is one of the national dishes in Tobago and Trinidad. Furthermore, carnivores and parades are serious business in the area. The Caribbean parades manifest the area’s folklores and customs of African origin. The Caribbean people commemorate events in history like slavery through carnivals. The distinct African heritage in the Caribbean helped in identifying the Blacks. The Caribbean was colonized by the whites, who were the minority of the area’s population. The colonizers brought Africans who worked in their homes and plantations under the fierce rule. However, the enslaved people and the Blacks in the area expressed and identified themselves through music and distinct African heritage. Reggae songs helped the Blacks protest against the pitiless white rule, and events such as the parades and carnivals commemorated slavery. Furthermore, African cuisines such as Callaloo identified Africanism in the Caribbean. Despite the brutal rule by the White minority, the Blacks in the Caribbean expressed and identified themselves through songs and events that are evident to date.

ESSAY: Blood Transfusion and Blood Banks Development Essay The history of blood transfusion dates back to ancient times when people tried to treat animals with blood. Hippocrates recommended that patients suffering from mental disorders drink the blood of healthy people (Community Blood Center, 2020). Blood was commonly credited as having a rejuvenating effect. It is also believed that blood is a miraculous liquid: once it is applied, life can be extended for many years (Community Blood Center, 2020). I find those facts especially interesting in the context of how blood transfusion and blood banks would be further developing. The development of donation was accompanied by numerous ups and downs – from the deification of this method to the state ban on its use. The first documented intravenous injections refer to the beginning of the world’s first academy of sciences – the Royal Society of London, founded in the 60s of the 17th century (Community Blood Center, 2020). It was not easy to make an intravenous infusion of blood to a person in those days: before the invention of a hollow injection needle and a modern syringe, there were still two centuries left. Christopher Wren, in 1656 used a bird’s feather as an injection needle and bladders of fish and animals instead of a syringe (Community Blood Center, 2020). Although the first attempts gave good results, blood transfusion was not widely used. It was a technically rather complicated operation, and in several patients, the transfused blood caused severe complications. Moreover, the works of early researchers showed that blood transfusion remains an exotic method of medicine, in which the result depends not on the doctor’s knowledge and skills but on random yet unknown factors. It is known that there are compatible and incompatible blood types (Community Blood Center, 2020). For these and many other reasons, blood transfusion was not a method of daily medical practice. The main and perhaps the only indication for blood transfusion was only acute blood loss. The last century’s world wars and technological progress greatly accelerate the study and application of blood transfusion. Thanks to different methods of blood storage, as well as the invention of freon freezing chambers, blood began to be transported over long distances and stored for a longer time. In 1932, the world’s first blood bank was established in a Leningrad hospital (Community Blood Center, 2020). Soon after establishing the Institute, Leningrad scientists A.N. Filatov and N.G. Kartashevsky acquired a world priority in producing and using blood components: erythrocyte mass and plasma (Community Blood Center, 2020). Strict adherence to blood collection and transfusion instructions has made blood transfusion relatively safe. This procedure has acquired the features of almost a universal method of treatment. It began to be advertised not only for the treatment of blood loss and anemia but also for strengthening strength, nutrition, fighting infection, and preventing various diseases. And so it went on almost until the mid-80s, until the AIDS epidemic radically changed the attitude towards blood transfusion. Currently, the blood service is one of the dynamically developing sectors of health care that is focused on ensuring the quality, safety, and availability of transfusion care. Priority areas at the present stage of the development of transfusion medicine are the maximum automation of work processes based on the development of information systems, the use of high-tech equipment, and the improvement of the product quality management system. Reference: Community Blood Center. (2020). History of blood banking . Web.

ESSAY: Board-Certified Behavior Analyst at Job Market Essay The Cult of the Head Start Salary Tips, incentives, and overtime compensation are not included in the salary when working as a BCBA. In the United States, the average BCBA pay is around $62,000 per year and the worst ten percent make $47,000 per year, whereas the top ten percent get $97,000 per year, excluding bonuses (Epstein, 2020). BCBAs at the entry-level earn around $57,000 per year, with annual wages rising in the following order: Humble beginnings: $60,000, immediate post: $65,000, and late-career get about $75,000 to $68,000 for a seasoned BCBA and $71,000 in final years (Dounavi et al., 2019). As a person develops expertise as a BCBA, you may anticipate your income to rise. Similarly, an individual’s place of work can have a substantial impact on the compensation. A BCBA who works in the private sector, for example, typically receives more pay than a BCBA who works for a state agency or learning institution. BCaBAs make an average of $44,000 every year, with the top earners receiving more than $70,000 after rewards (Lotfizadeh et al., 2020). However, the annual pay for BCBAs often tends to grow with time. When Less of the Same is More Skills For an individual to get certified, all BCBAs need to complete stringent conditions, although some BCBAs are in greater competition than others due to added talents. BCBAs with competence in clinical management, ABA, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Structural Analysis and creating processes and standards are sought by employers. BCBAs with functional analytic expertise, for example, recorded a compensation rise of 5%, while clinical supervision abilities can boost your pay by about 2% or more (Lotfizadeh et al., 2020). Although there is a high demand for BCBAs right now, having extra abilities can give you confidence and generate more revenue. The BCBAs are known for their robust and effective communication and a desire to inform and assist others. They are skilled at interpreting individuals’ attitudes and body posture. BCBAs must evaluate a patient’s behavioral issues and come up with the appropriate treatment plan for that person (Lotfizadeh et al., 2020). The patient’s condition often determines their method; for example, somebody with autism will react differently than somebody with a personality defect. Thinking Outside Experience Experience A professional who has earned accreditation in applied behavior analysis is a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst. The Behavior Analyst Credential Board issues the certification to BCBAs (Epstein, 2020). For those who wish to train, BCBAs must have attained a master’s degree and be board-certified prior to start working on their own, and they usually need roughly six years to acquire their training and gain experience. Behavior analysts need to demonstrate that they have undergone the requisite level of practice in one of three methods. Practicum, which requires a minimum of 1000 hours of medical practice under strict monitoring, independent monitored research work requiring not less than 1,500 hours of medical practice under the supervision of a qualified behavior analyst. An Intensive practicum that needs not less than 750 hours of medical practice under the most stringent supervision is required (Epstein, 2020). BCBAs often undergo job training to understand the company’s systems and procedures after the job opportunity. The Trouble with Too Much Grit Names of Relevant Departments The growth of the market for BCBAs results from an attribute to increase in public knowledge of autism and the use of applied behavior analysis as a therapy method. Individuals also realize the value that a qualified BCBA may bring to other fields (Dounavi et al., 2019). The following professions are steering for an increase in demand for behavior analysts: therapy for drug addiction, gerontology of conduct, sport behavior psychology, long-term environmental stability and pediatric psychiatry. There has been a considerable growing market for BCBAs due to a recent broadening of what behavioral analysis and therapy can be used for inpatients. Flirting with Your Possible Selves Types of Organizations and Actual organizations Behavior analysts can work in colleges, health centers, clinics, and nonprofit organizations. However, most behavior analysts mainly focus on specific areas such as psychological issues, autism and developmental disorders. Companies that hire behavior analysts include Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health, The ABRITE Organization, The Columbus organization and many more (Boydston & Jowett Hirst, 2020). It is a good moment in the United States to be a board-certified behavior analyst, as BCBAs are in the growing market. ABA treatment companies throughout the state are on the lookout for licensed behavior therapists to be part of their staff. There is an enormous job opportunity for either BCBA or a junior behavior analyst, regardless of certification. In recent times, demand for trained behavior analysts has surged in all fifty states (Boydston & Jowett Hirst, 2020). The BCBA job market has grown dramatically due to increased public knowledge of the field and the wide range of ailments to which one can perform. The Outsider Advantage Job Description For a candidate to have a chance to be a part of fitness and wellbeing specialists. A qualified behavioral specialist who is hunting for a career opportunity in a health center specializing in Behavioral Health, the person need to be a considerate and competent board-certified behavior analyst (Sellers et al., 2019). To engage with a clientele group that consists of people with autism and other developmental disorders, emotional stability issues, and more, the BCBA must have compassion and understanding. The best person will need to have strong communication, conflict solving abilities and a record of successful behavior change. Fooled by Expertise Trends and Future Projections BCBA or BCaBA, are members of a career with a substantially brighter job outlook compared to the state average. Based on the present job development rate, a profession in behavior analysis is anticipated to be good and lucrative for a person. From 2019 to 2029, the increase in employment for marriage and family therapists who attained master’s-level therapists is expected to be 22% (Normand & Bober, 2020). Behavioral counsellors, who must have attained a bachelor’s degree, such as BCaBAs, are expected to witness a 25 percent increase in employment by 2029 (Dounavi et al., 2019). As the demand for experienced behavior therapists grows, an individual employment option will be available. Learning to drop Familiar Tools Region In 2019, the BACB issued a survey that Burning Glass Technologies did, and it came to the realization that competition board qualified assistant behavioral experts and BCBAs climbed dramatically annually since 2010. The competition for BCBAs surged by 1942 percent between 2010 and 2018. There was a 127 percent rise in demand between 2017 and 2018, and the market for BCaBAs rose at a steady rate. Assistant behavior analysts grew by 1,098 percent between 2010 and 2018, and it increased by 184 percent from 2017 to 2018 (Normand & Bober, 2020). While the rise and demand for BCBA jobs have been astonishing, it has not been uniformly distributed throughout 50 states. In 2018, only five states accounted for 53 percent of the market demand for BCBAs. Particularly, California accounted for about 31percent of the total competition. The leading states in BCBAs employment creation include Illinois, Arizona, California, Texas and Massachusetts (Normand & Bober, 2020). Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not yet have data on BCBAs, the employment situation for comparable jobs is positive in United States. References Boydston, P. S., & Jowett Hirst, E. S. (2020). Public perceptions and understanding of job titles related to behaviour analysis . Behaviour Analysis in Practice , 13 (2), 394-401. Dounavi, K., Fennell, B., & Early, E. (2019). Supervision for certification in the field of applied behaviour analysis: Characteristics and relationship with job satisfaction, burnout, work demands, and support . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 16 (12), 2098. Epstein, D. (2019). Range: Why generalists triumph in a specialized world . Penguin. Lotfizadeh, A. D., Carter, C., Schroeder-Mackay, C., & Poling, A. (2020). Hiring behavior analysts: Free Gifts at a booth increase verbal contacts with a recruiter, but not serious job inquiries. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 40 (1-2), 119-128. Web. Normand, M. P., & Bober, J. (2020). Health coaching by behaviour analysts in practice: How and why . Behaviour Analysis: Research and Practice , 20 (2), 108. Sellers, T. P., Valentino, A. L., Landon, T. J., & Aiello, S. (2019). Board certified behavior analysts’ supervisory practices of trainees: Survey results and recommendations. Behaviour Analysis in Practice , 12 (3), 536-546. Web.

ESSAY: Boeing Aircraft Manufacturer: Risk Management Aspects Research Paper Boeing is the largest aircraft manufacturer of all time, having success stories running throughout U.S business history. The company is well-known for its commercial airplanes and input in space and security. William E. Boeing established the company in 1916 in Seattle before moving to Chicago (O’Connell, 2020). Boeing started manufacturing by transforming a building plant designed for wooden boats. The company earned its first income from the United States military and contracted it to develop aircraft. Due to the influence the firm had in the market, the owner focused on ensuring that he gathered input and ideas from all staff members. Boeing also developed aircraft specifically designed to deliver mail to faraway cities and towns in the country. The aircraft provided a faster way for people to share information despite having distance barriers. This forced the company to change its business model to incorporate airplane manufacturing and flights. In 1931, Boing transformed other airlines into a single one to form United Airlines (UAL) and also purchased other airplane manufacturing companies to expand its operations (O’Connell, 2020). Later, the firm changed its name to Boeing Airline Company and played a significant role in developing military aircraft used during World War II. When the war was over, Boeing shifted back to manufacturing commercial aircraft to make single trips across the country. This meant that the company had to eliminate aircraft that used propellers and adapt turbojets. Boeing started receiving large orders from the United States air force, which made it roll out the 707, commonly used by Pan American Airlines. This airplane model was the public’s favorite since it allowed them to move from one city to another within a few hours. Becoming the public’s favorite aircraft enabled Boeing to manage large orders for the airplane model. The high number of orders for the 707 made Boeing develop the 737 and 747, which affected the production process, almost making the company announced bankruptcy. As Boeing considered the production of the 747 models, the industry was hit by a recession which acted as a barrier to domestic carriers purchasing new aircraft. The production of the 747 was also affected when the company started building the 2707 model, whose production had been halted due to the high costs involved. However, the 747 became the highest-selling aircraft since they were bigger and had faster engines (Hayward, 2020). Boeing never gave up on the airplane model, which was fruitful. The company has seen an increase in revenue coming from its diverse product line and a high number of orders from customers. With time the company has opened up multiple subsidiaries to handle various operations. Despite being a giant in the aircraft manufacturing industry, Boeing still has many competitors seeking to overtake its position. Boeing started expanding its operations to enable the production of helicopters. Boeing’s assembly lines also integrated the manufacture of missiles for the military, with the first missile being launched in 1962. Boeing also expanded its processes to allow air and land craft building, with NASA being the main customer. This enabled the company to produce rockets to take human beings to the moon and back. The firm also manufactured vehicles designed for the space shuttle mission organized by NASA till the project was closed down. Boeing later produced the 757 and 767 aircraft models, which were more beneficial since they were used in flying and training exercises. This helped cut down on costs needed to purchase aircraft designed for the two processes differ. Boeing was also involved in managing a housing project designed to develop various projects to improve housing in the country. The 777 models from the company used a design and manufacturing software that was computer-aided. Boeing managed to save time and resources when building the aircraft by failing to create a physical frame first. The firm later turned to the production of the 787 Dreamliner, which caused significant production problems. The aircraft kept failing stress tests and experienced production flaws, which slowed the manufacturing process. The airplane model was later grounded since they indicated a high risk of batteries firing. However, the 787 became the fastest and most fuel-saving commercial aircraft in the industry. The various airplane models produced by Boeing have enabled the firm to become a top manufacturer globally. Boeing has employed more than 140,000 people in various countries. Being located in various parts of the world has allowed the company to get one of the most diverse and talented workforces (Boeing, 2017). The company also focuses on offering its customer’s service solutions for the wide range of products available in the market. Boeing has customer support which is active to ensure that aircraft operate with high efficiency and enhance mission assurance. Boeing also has a capital corporation that provides its customers with a wide range of financing solutions. This helps to ensure that they have adequate funds to purchase different aircraft products hence minimizing struggles likely to be experienced due to lack of funds. References Boeing. (2017). The Boeing Company: General information. Web. Hayward, J. (2020). The rise and fall of the Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet. Simple Flying. Web. O’Connell, B. (2020). History of Boeing: Timeline and facts. The Street. Web. ‌

ESSAY: “Bowling Alone” by Robert Putnam Essay (Critical Writing) Society has always been a fundamental institution influencing the development of states. Communicating in groups, people share values, views, and responses to a particular phenomenon. Interaction in communities or clubs cultivates a public attitude to multiple events, forms a lifestyle, and influences politics. For this reason, the changes in civic life are significant for states. Putnam, in his essay “Bowling Alone,” also emphasizes this idea, saying that the social life of the USA collapses, and it is difficult to predict the results of this process. Active engagement in social processes has always been one of the major features peculiar to the country, but the situation has changed. Putnam says that “tens of millions of Americans had forsaken their parents’ habitual readiness to engage in the simplest act of citizenship” (67). It means that people have started to alter their lifestyles, shifting towards isolation and detachment, which is not typical for U.S. society. Furthermore, traditional organizations, such as clubs, are replaced by new mass membership organizations. Putnam says they have more political importance and might impact the country; however, they do not promote civic engagement. “For the vast majority of their members, the only act of membership consists in writing a check for dues or perhaps occasionally reading a newsletter” (Putnam 70). This line shows that Putnam is worried about the continuous process of disconnecting community members, who become divided and disengaged. From a long-term perspective, it might result in the collapse of civic life. The results cannot be predicted as the USA has always been a state with strong community relations. That is why Putnam says that if nothing changes, we will bowl alone, isolated from others. Work Cited Putnam, Robert. “Bowling Alone.” Journal of Democracy , vol. 6, no. 1, 1995, pp. 65-78.

ESSAY: Breast Cancer: Genetics and Malignancy Essay (Critical Writing) One of the most critical factors of breast cancer development is heredity since it causes a genetically inherent disease. If the patient’s closest relatives have been diagnosed with breast cancer, a tumor’s likelihood is high even at a young age (Coleman & Tsongalis, 2016). Since one of the patient’s close relatives had this disease, this diagnosis is indeed possible for her as well. Another significant factor in developing cancer is various diseases of the mammary glands, for example, “cystic” breasts. In the presence of such conditions, the formation of atypical cells is possible in the mammary gland (Tkaczuk et al., 2016). This can lead to their overgrowth and increase the risk of more severe diseases. The hormonal factor also has a critical influence on health. In the described case, this aspect is the most significant since it includes various details of the patient’s life. These include the first pregnancy after 30 years, not breastfeeding, and many years of taking hormonal contraceptives. This leads to the fact that the patient’s hormonal background can be disrupted (Tkaczuk et al., 2016). Therefore, with age, it becomes more difficult for the body to deal with abnormal processes. If there is an initial stage of cancer, there can be no metastasis in the patient’s organs. However, early active metastasis is characteristic of aggressive forms of cancer. There are multiple ways to determine them, and it is necessary to use some of them in any case to avoid future health problems. Histological analysis of tissue can determine the aggressiveness of the cancer type at an early stage. Breast cancer metastases detected by CT or scintigraphy indicate secondary foci in the lungs, liver, bones, and brain. It must be remembered that in breast cancer, metastases are capable of long-term existence in a latent state, even five to ten years after removal of the primary tumor. References Coleman, W. B., & Tsongalis, G. H. (2016). The molecular basis of human cancer. Humana Press. Tkaczuk, K., et al. (2016). Handbook of breast cancer and related breast disease. Springer Publishing Company.

ESSAY: Bullying and Harassment in the Healthcare Workplace Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origin of Bullying 3. Types of Bullying 4. Defamation 5. Recommendations 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Discrimination and abuse are harmful to both patients and physicians. Discrimination and abuse have far-reaching consequences; there are detrimental effects on patient care and safety. In contrast, a student who is intimidated by a senior colleague is more likely to prevent requesting aid or explanation from them perspective, thereby jeopardizing patient safety. Work engagement is reliant on a pleasant work environment where employees feel appreciated and respected. Trainee physicians who are harassed are less satisfied with their assignments overall. This paper is written to explore the origins of discrimination and harassment in the healthcare workplace. Origin of Bullying Bullying begins early in medical college and residencies; it has been referred to as an element of the learning activity: unstructured learning that occurs outside of the traditional medical program and occurs through undefinable procedures. Many students are aggressively challenged in these informal contexts, embarrassed for their lack of knowledge, disregarded, belittled, and ridiculed. However, because sufferers are made to feel responsible and helpless, these acts are difficult to establish and hard to enforce. Bullying may be defined as a boss who is never satisfied with an employee’s performance, speculating or disseminating stories, purposely omitting a worker from staff meetings, and being summoned to unannounced meetings with the management where the person is denigrated. An environment that tolerates bullying, inadequate personnel levels, high workloads, power differentials, and poor management abilities contributes to the contamination. Role ambiguity and uncertainty, job overload, stress, a lack of autonomy, and a lack of administrative justice are particular organizational characteristics that can contribute to workplace harassment. Bullying raises the likelihood of psychological discomfort and mental health issues among doctors. Female doctors who have been sexually harassed claim that it has harmed their trust in themselves as experts and has harmed their careers. Bullying and harassment have considerable costs for enterprises, primarily due to increased turnover and sick leave (León-Pérez et al., 2021). Lower productivity, potential lawsuit and compensation expenses, loss of providing benefits, and reputation damage must all be addressed. There is a growing acknowledgment of the significance of corporate culture in fostering and allowing bullying, which illustrates why certain companies have greater levels of harassment than others. Bullying is usually intentional, has a negative impact on the victim, and is used to exert control over staff (León-Pérez et al., 2021). Bullying is defined as hostile, purposeful, and regular conduct. Bullies typically target workers who lack proper support or are unable to protect themselves against hostility. The target perceives bullying as an act of aggression, which is an essential element of harassment. Authoritarian, destination leadership styles; inadequate job design; long working hours; and preclearance from reorganization or cultural factors, mainly when extreme and top-down, are among the elements recognized as likely to contribute to a bullying culture. The hierarchy has also been known to contribute to harassment in the medical community. Because of the industry’s hierarchical character and labor strain, the possibility of silent by standing’ — a lack of colleagues to speak up – increases, allowing bullying conduct to continue unabated. Doctors, particularly new or inexperienced nurses, consider nurse-on-nurse harassment as a regular aspect of the profession, giving rise to the expression “nursing staff eat their young.” Bullying is prevalent in healthcare environments such as mental treatment centers, state hospitals, and critical care units. Bullying is more common in long-term care settings in the evenings and at night. Workers who are generally under general practitioners are the focus of bullying, as are female marital workers with less schooling and who have kids at home. Types of Bullying Behavior problems have a negative influence on organizational enthusiasm, production, and attendance, which leads to quick and increasing turnover, which jeopardizes the safety of patients. Workplace bullying also results in litigation, disability benefits, lost earnings, a negative influence on the company’s reputation, and deterioration of the patient-healthcare professional connection (Adams & Bryan, 2021). Workers, patients, and relatives who observe non-citizen conduct are concerned about the effect on care—for instance, a nurse who publicly criticizes another nurse or a doctor who openly criticizes a nurse. Given the harmful effects of workplace harassment on workers’ psychological health and well-being, and thus on the productivity of any business, it is critical to understand the factors that contribute to the origin and growth of this social phenomenon (Adams & Bryan, 2021). In this regard, the psychologists who are now spearheading this study method have primarily concentrated on victimization and bullying psychopathology. Understanding the phenomena of bullying requires a view of any business as a complete entity; it appears difficult to envisage a labor setting as overly autonomous or non-influential enough to prohibit internal workplace violence. As a result, whereas early research mainly concentrated on the mental qualities of bullying and its targets, numerous groups have addressed a more serious look at the impact of organizational work and institutional contexts on individuals. The amount of labor stability may influence the measure of susceptibility to bully, not only because relatively low expert places of employment typically hold insecure and transitory occupations but also because uncertainty diminishes workers’ perceived authority over their supervisors. Indeed, one of the explanations cited to look at the rise in harassment in twenty-first-century firms is that organizational transformation procedures and high degrees of outsourced have widened the power imbalance between management and workers. Elevated concentrations of regulation, rigorous rules, and overly high job stability may create situations conducive to bullying, as these conditions render abusers invisible and sufferers less inclined to leave. Workers in the formal sector have unique employment conditions; they are safeguarded by civil servant legislation and requirements, organizations with internal conciliation and arbitration, and provisions that protect against reprisal for whistleblowers. Aside from the negative impact, this conduct has on sufferers and their patients. It can also result in high costs and hassles for employers. Often, the manager is thoroughly ignorant that the source of their problems is the fundamental phenomenon of workplace harassment. Increases in attrition, unavailability, and the expense of finding new workers, as well as a higher likelihood of civil action, can all have an impact on a firm. Defamation This is considered defamatory when someone makes false claims about another individual to a third party. In most cases, a defamation lawsuit must also show that the misleading statements harmed the target’s reputation in some way. However, no evidence of actual reputational injury is necessary for some circumstances when the comment is connected to the person’s occupation and has the potential to influence their employment. The damage is merely assumed because these words can affect whether an individual is recruited, advanced, penalized, or dismissed, as well as how they interact with colleagues and superiors. Companies should also use discretion when disclosing information about a previous employer to a potential new employer. Making remarks about an organization’s productivity or personality should be fact-based and very well, and being able to express personal views should be avoided entirely. Receiving a certified sworn affidavit from the former colleague allowing the dissemination of information to third-party companies is another way to safeguard oneself. The best protection against a defamation suit is to make sure that all comments made about a colleague, subjugated, or superintendent are accurate and verifiable, assuming these declarations need to be created at all. Recommendations Every corporation should send a clear message that bullying is not accepted in any way and is considered serious misconduct under the conduct code. Creating a project atmosphere where all employees are treated with dignity and respect and feel appreciated is critical to preventing bullying behaviors (Lever et al., 2019). To foster respectful interactions, it is essential to establish a policy that supports dignity at work, as well as a learning and development program. Proactive measures like values-based recruiting, effective and timely assessments, fairness and transparency implementation of absence management or flexible working policies, and voicing concerns policies may all help to avoid incidents from occurring. Work-related stress avoidance and management are critical to creating decent working conditions. Hospital management is advised to have regular interactions with any clinician who expresses concern about workplace bullying (WPB). A communication process that is open and honest might help in isolating such regrettable occurrences, exposing culprits, and safeguarding other employees. The fight against workplace bullying involves joint efforts by hospital managers and researchers to identify other WPB-predisposing variables that are typically under-reported in institutions (Lever et al., 2019). These include evaluating bullies’ early life, psychological well-being, financial stresses, alcohol misuse, emotional honesty, and trauma background. Most health providers are concerned about WPB, particularly its detrimental influence on patient safety and quality of care. Worrying about WPB demonstrated that medical professionals were ardent champions and safety guards for their clients. WPB not only causes personal stress for practitioners but also jeopardizes patient interaction. WPB concerned an enormous number of professionals with higher levels of education and those with less work experience. Prior experience with a WPB incidence increases the practitioner’s concern, whereas training on dealing with bullying situations reduces the practitioner’s problem. Identifying and understanding variables that underlie workplace bullying is critical in developing more effective preventative and intervention techniques to address this societal problem. Workplace harassment in hospital environments happens four times more frequently than in all other small corporations combined, with mental wards, hospital emergency rooms, and elevated units having the most excellent rates. Bullying incidence varies significantly between countries and even within the same nation. Physical bullying can have a significant harmful influence on patients, which is of great concern for healthcare practitioners (Munro & Phillips, 2020). This might be related to how harassment is thought to lead employees to feel discouraged, dedication to their company, and the capacity to focus on employment, all of which place the worker at increased risk of making errors on the job. Fear of retribution, social stigma, or harm to one’s career development opportunities may result in the underrepresentation of offenses. As a result, many managers may be utterly ignorant that they have a discipline problem inside their organization. The risk that a company will reject a civil action claim merely based on traditional bullying is significantly small. Nevertheless, the expense of opposing these claims might be too expensive. Furthermore, attrition, the ensuing need to employ more staff, rises in absences, and perhaps a rise in overtime compensation to workers who must make up the shortfall all amount to clearly avoidable monetary blows. As a result, from a cost standpoint, incorporating a system-wide curriculum to combat aggressive behaviors is prone to make more understanding. Legally and morally, cost avoidance should not be the primary motive for developing comprehensive anti-bullying policies or codes of behavior. The individual’s well-documented health consequences should be the reason for alarm. Given that other medical institutions have previously acted in this area, the emergency medicine community may have slipped behind the times. Furthermore, businesses should take proactive measures to design educational programs and foster an environment that reduces the fear of reporting incivility (Munro & Phillips, 2020). As previously stated, comparable methods have benefited other sectors. Conclusion To summarize, bullying increases the chance of depression and other mental health problems among doctors. Racism and violence are detrimental to both patients and doctors. Discrimination and maltreatment have far-reaching ramifications; they jeopardize patient care and safety. Organizational climate is dependent on a pleasant working environment in which workers create a positive environment. Bullying, insufficient personnel numbers, heavy workloads, power imbalances, and poor management abilities all lead to degradation. Organizational factors such as role uncertainty and ambiguity, task overloading, stress, a lack of control, and weak administrative justice can all promote harassment in the workplace. Female physicians who have been sexually harassed feel that it has impacted their confidence in themselves as professionals as well as in their jobs. Discrimination and abuse have high costs for businesses owing to higher turnover and sick leave. There is a growing recognition of the importance of company culture in developing and permitting abuse, which explains why certain firms have higher levels of harassment than others. Harassment is described as aggressive, deliberate, and consistent behavior. Bullies generally target employees who lack enough assistance or who are unable to defend themselves against hostility. Clinicians, new or revolutionary or naïve doctors, see nurse-on-nurse assault as a common occurrence in the industry, giving birth to the phrase “nursing staff eats their young.” Bullying is common in healthcare settings such as psychiatric hospitals, state hospitals, and intensive care units. Harassment is more widespread in long-term healthcare institutions late at night and in the evenings. Bullying targets employees who are typically under the care of general practitioners, as well as female spousal workers with less education and children at home. Recognizing the phenomenon of bullying necessitates viewing any firm as a whole; it seems impossible to believe a labor environment is sufficiently independent or uninfluential to preclude internal occupational injuries. As a result, although the early study focused mainly on the mental characteristics of bullies and their targets, various organizations have given a more thorough look at the influence of organizational functioning and institutional environments on individuals. The level of employment instability may impact the measurement of sensitivity to bullying, not only because relatively low expert workplaces generally hold unstable and transient vocations but also because uncertainty reduces workers’ perceived power over their superiors. Elevated levels of control, strict standards, and excessive job stability may produce environments favorable to bullying, as these characteristics make abusers invisible and victims less likely to leave. Aside from the detrimental impact this behavior has on patients and suffering. It can also result in significant expenditures and complications for companies. Frequently, the manager is completely unaware that the root cause of their troubles is the fundamental phenomenon of workplace discrimination. Increased turnover, unavailability, and the cost of hiring new employees, as well as an increased possibility of a legal lawsuit, can all have an effect on a business. In most situations, a defamation action must also demonstrate that the false remarks affected the target’s image. However, where the statement is related to the person’s vocation and has the potential to influence their job, no evidence of actual reputational loss is required. Businesses should also use caution when revealing information about a prior employer to a possible new employer. Making comments on an organization’s success or character should be fact-based and well-reasoned, and expressing personal opinions should be avoided altogether. Another option to protect oneself is to obtain a certified sworn document from a former colleague authorizing the disclosure of information to third-party firms. Bullying is not tolerated in any form and is deemed significant misbehavior under the conduct code; thus, every organization should send a clear message. To minimize bullying behaviors, it is vital to create a project environment in which all employees are treated with decency and respect and feel valued. Proactive approaches like values-based hiring, accurate and practical evaluations, accountability and integrity in absence management or flexible work rules, and speaking concerns policies may all assist in preventing occurrences. Avoiding and managing work-related stress is crucial to developing good working conditions. It is recommended that hospital administration meets with any doctor who raises worry about WPB on a frequent basis. The battle against workplace harassment entails collaborative efforts by hospital management and academics to uncover other WPB risk factors that are generally under-reported in facilities. The majority of healthcare providers are worried about WPB, notably its negative impact on patient safety and quality of care. Worrying about WPB revealed that medical professionals were devoted supporters and protectors of their patients. WPB not only creates emotional stress in clinicians but also completely undermines the patient relationship. WPB affected a large number of skilled workers, both those with advanced degrees and those with less job experience. Bullying prevalence varies significantly between nations and even within the same country. Physical bullying may have a considerable negative impact on patients, which is a significant worry for healthcare providers. Fear of retaliation, social shame, or harm to one’s professional advancement chances may cause transgressions to be underreported. As a result, many managers may be completely unaware that their firm has a disciplinary problem. The likelihood of a firm rejecting a civil action suit based only on classic bullying is relatively low. Nonetheless, the cost of disputing these claims may be too high. As a consequence, from a financial aspect, adopting a system-wide program to prevent violent behaviors is likely to make more sense. The primary motivation for adopting comprehensive anti-bullying rules or codes of conduct should not be cost avoidance. The individual’s well-documented health repercussions should cause concern. Given that other medical organizations have already engaged in this area, it is possible that the accident and emergency community has fallen behind the times. Additionally, organizations should take proactive steps to provide instructional programs and promote a climate that eliminates the fear of reporting incivility. References Adams, L., & Bryan, V. (2021). Workplace harassment: The leadership factor. In Healthcare Management Forum , 34 (2). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. Web. León-Pérez, J. M., Escartín, J., & Giorgi, G. (2021). The presence of workplace bullying and harassment worldwide. Concepts, Approaches and Methods , 1 , 55-86. Web. Lever, I., Dyball, D., Greenberg, N., & Stevelink, S. A. (2019). Health consequences of bullying in the healthcare workplace: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 75 (12), 3195-3209. 3195–3209. Web. Munro, C. E., & Phillips, A. W. (2020). Bullying in the workplace. Surgery (Oxford) , 38 (10), 653-658.

ESSAY: Burke’s Pentad: Public Relations, Social Theory, and Rhetoric Essay Burke’s pentad presents a simple tool for analyzing dramatic situations that can be used to examine texts and other narratives. This framework describes such elements as act, agent, scene, agency, and purpose, as well as their relations. Burke’s pentad can be used to identify an actor’s motivation in a given dramatic scene. On the example of one of Jeff Wall’s photographs, it is illustrated how the motivation of an actor in this paradigm can be described in different ways in terms of the viewer’s focus. Kenneth Burke’s life stance is based on several leading points, and their analysis contributes to an awareness of the meaning of human behavior. He drew the most significant attention to language as the basis that leads to conscious action rather than involuntary movement. Rhetor holds that acts are related to the neurological aspect of human existence, defined as the body’s ability to master the sign system (Bonanno, 2018). Since the rhetorician models his description on the principle of drama, it consists of five elements: act, agent, scene, agency, and purpose (Hawhee & Poole, 2019). These are the basic parameters of rhetorical analysis and the foundation of the pentad, which examines human action from five interacting motivational perspectives. In this fivefold approach, the individual is an actor who acts purposefully through specific means, and he serves as the backdrop of a historical place of motion. Jensen (2018) explains that Burke was guided by the fact that every individual can influence his life by his actions, but possibilities always depend on five means. The pentad determines how an individual acts in a certain case and what his motivation is. In addition, it is essential to prioritize the connections that the rhetorician makes in speech between these five dramatic elements. These connections are called relations, and depending on which structural elements are emphasized, the rhetor’s strategy and identification are determined (Jensen, 2018). In the communication process, there is an exchange of characters and a constant desire to identify the sender’s views and the recipient of speech (Lynch, 2017). Thus, these aspects link the actor and other elements of the dramatic situation. Analysis using Burke’s pentad also depends on what the viewer is focusing on. For example, this framework can be used to analyze paintings and photographs. In this paper, we will take for this photo taken by Jeff Wall in 1986, which is titled The thinker. Identified elements: * Agent: an old man; * Act: sitting and looking into the distance; * Agency: empty space; * Scene: early morning in an elevated city; * Purpose: meditation. The thinker (Wall, 1986). In this situation, when analyzing, the viewer builds a description of the dramatic scene based on the available information. In particular, without paying attention to the title of the photograph, it is impossible to clearly determine the motivation of the actor since it may depend on the perception of the viewer. However, if you have more information and know that Woll reconstructed the famous sculpture of the same name in this photograph, the motivation of the actor and his relations with other elements immediately change. Additionally, the photographer himself can act as the author or rhetor, in which case Burke’s pentad will describe his motivation and connections with other elements of the scene. Thus Burke’s pentad can be used to identify an actor’s motivation in a particular dramatic situation. However, the interaction of elements has a key influence on what conclusions can be drawn from the application of this framework. Thus Burke’s pentad helps the viewer identify the various components of the scene that ultimately force the action. As illustrated by the analysis of Wall’s photograph, an actor’s motivation can change depending on its constituent elements. References Bonanno, J. N. (2018). Capital as the lens that Bourdieu Pierres through: Public relations, social theory, and rhetoric . Public Relations Review , 44 (3), 385-392. Web. Hawhee, D., & Poole, M. (2019). Kenneth Burke at the MoMA: A viewer’s theory . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 105 (4), 418-440. Web. Jensen, K. (2018). Rhetorical counteraction in Kenneth Burke’s a rhetoric of motives and the war of words . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 104 (4), 384-399. Web. Lynch, P. (2017). Rescuing Rhetoric: Kenneth Burke, René Girard, and Forms of Conversion . Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture , 24 (1), 139-158. Web. Wall, J. (1986). The thinker . E-Flux. Web.

ESSAY: Business Ethics: Etihad Airways Case Study Essay International labor laws prohibit making employment decisions regarding individuals’ age and disabilities. It means that Etihad Airways infringed on the existing regulations by introducing its approach to layoff. Considering the fact that social justice is a central demand for multinational corporations, Etihad’s conduct can be viewed as unethical and irrelevant. The more significant employee involvement in the decision-making process could have helped to avoid this situation. It directly influences performance and guarantees that fair decisions considering the workers’ input are made. Thus, Etihad attained success in compensating employees for their contribution and work. Payment processing is a critical factor influencing job security and employees’ motivation, meaning that this decision helps Etihad to generate benefits and rehire them in the future. From the case, one can also see that reduction in job security was a critical factor associated with the change process in Etihad. The decision to fire workers resulted in a lack of confidence among specialists and reduced their motivation and long-term plans in the corporation. For this reason, it is critical to secure employee positions to ensure individuals are engaged and fulfill their duties effectively. Discrimination was another factor peculiar to the change process at Etihad Airways. The corporation disregarded the corporate social responsibility issues, which resulted in the growth of dissatisfaction, lack of motivation, and engagement. It means that the company ignored possible alternatives that could have been used instead of its discriminative practices undermining job security and individuals’ readiness to work with such entities. Altogether, the case shows that lack of employee involvement was one of the fundamental issues in the case. The company’s top management made changes with minimal employee involvement. It resulted in creating an unpopular and ineffective strategy that cultivated dissatisfaction among workers. Etihad Airways ignored employees’ need for self-actualization, decreasing their motivation. The remaining workers did not feel their importance to the corporation and the power to influence its development. It demonstrates that modern workers should be provided with the chance to participate in corporate decision-making to realize their significance and become motivated. Trying to manage the wage bill, Etihad Airways accepted the wrong decision, viewing layoff as the only possible option. The choice of disability and age as criteria for decision-making infringed on the existing labor laws. Moreover, it undermined job security as employees realized their vulnerable position. Outcomes prove the low effectiveness of this strategy. Regarding the absence of available manpower, the remaining employees started to suffer from burnout because of the high level of stress. Moreover, the lack of motivation and engagement because of the processes mentioned above influenced their performance. As a result, Etihad Airways’ ability to achieve existing objectives was hindered. The case proves the critical importance of employee involvement in decision-making during the change process as it helps to motivate them and select the most acceptable options.

ESSAY: Business Memo on Foreign Exchange Essay (Article) On January 1 of this year, our company received information about the spot rate of Malaysian ringgit (MYR) to USD to be 3.13 MYR on April 1; however, on April 1, it became 3.52 MYR. Our team conducted an analysis about the importance of foreign currency exchange for our trade in Malaysia. The main objective of this memo is to demonstrate the results of our evaluation and show that currency exchange is a viable and profitable option for our firm. The profitability of transactions in international marker is influenced by foreign currency exchange. Since our company has sales contracts with different vendors, we have an obligation to sell a specific number of units that are shipped to Malaysia during the first quarter. Specifically, the firm must sell 4,000 units for 1.25 million MYR within the specified period. Since retailers make payments in their local currency, fluctuation in the exchange rate between MYR and USD may affect our profit. Although we could establish the so-called producer currency pricing to make the customers purchase in USD, it may result in the complete market loss (Monetary and Economic Department [MED], 2018). Therefore, it is essential to maintain international currency exchange because minor alterations MYR/USD rate should not affect its profit. This memorandum will review three scenarios: adjusting for currency fluctuations, using a fixed rate mentioned in the contract, and avoiding currency exchange by purchasing raw materials in MYR. Firstly, our company could use the spot rate of 3.52 on April 1 to convert its sales revenue in MYR to USD. If the rate was 3.13 MYR per one USD in January, then there was 0.39 points increase on April 1. If 1.25 million MYR is converted to USD in April’s rate, there is a $44,247 loss. Secondly, our firm can lock up January’s rate of 3.13 MYR/USD and thus convert 1.25 million MYR using this value; in this case, the company will have a $44,247 profit. Lastly, the third scenario prevents any currency exchange, avoiding the loss, but it also does not allow a profit. Although the second case seems to be the most profitable, our firm should consider local retailers’ interests to avoid losing customers. Indeed, currency fluctuation is an inevitable part of the foreign exchange market. Our calculations showed that there is a short-term benefit in converting to USD by a fixed rate. However, there is no actual long-term profitability in reducing domestic currency because the exchange value may go below the ones indicated in a contract (MED, 2018). Therefore, our primary suggestion was to buy raw materials using local currency, which would minimize exchange risks. Nevertheless, after completing calculations for the first two scenarios, we believe that keeping an equal share of USD and MYR will be profitable both in short and long perspectives. In summary, this memo reviewed the issue of currency fluctuations and the risks of exchange for our firm in the Malaysian market. Considering the available literature and our calculations, we suggest purchasing raw materials using ringgit. At the same time, we recommend having a one-to-one ratio of the U.S. dollar and MYR in this market because the currency conversion brings short-term profit at times when the value of USD rises. If you have any doubts about our proposal, please email us directly. You can also bring your questions to our meeting that will be held in the conference room on February 10, 2022. Reference Monetary and Economic Department. (2018). The price, real, and financial effects of exchange rates . BIS Papers , 96, 1-148.

ESSAY: Business Principles in Healthcare Essay Every business must be managed carefully, and every detail must receive a fair amount of attention. When it comes to healthcare, such facilities must require even more attention because they focus on people’s well-being. Performing such duties might be strenuous and expensive, and mentally demanding. As a Chief Nursing Officer, one will be faced with principles that include integrity maintenance, cash flow management, and employee motivation in the given circumstances. To start with, a healthcare business must always maintain its integrity. It can be evident that any business field should be focused on communication, which makes integrity a vital part (Fisher, 2008). In the given facility, the integrity maintenance principle is heavily adhered to. First of all, every doctor follows an ethical code, meaning that they know of doctor-patient confidentiality. Moreover, doctors and nurses focus on honest communication with patients. For example, in my situation, I tell patients about their actual conditions and honestly answer their questions. Another important business principle is proper cash flow management. Healthcare facility requires renovations and innovations, meaning that there will constantly be situations when new equipment or repairs will be needed (Mason et al., 2020). In this situation, it is highly necessary to implement the needed changes to not jeopardize patients’ health and well-being. For example, as a CNO, it was my obligation to manage the replacement of power generators. As a result, generators enabled the personnel to carry out their duty without problems during a storm and power outage. The last principle is the management of employees and providing them with motivation. In the case of a healthcare facility, it is essential that the employees are rewarded and their hard work is appreciated. The employees are offered extra days off and gift cards in the given facility. This can make the workers feel heard and supported. Without these steps, the nurses and doctors will have burnout and lose the desire to provide high-quality results. Thus, the given principles were chosen due to the impact they can bring on employees and patients. The mentioned principles are being used, providing good results and leading to the satisfaction of all parties. These principles are important to me since I believe that healthcare should be based on these values. Otherwise, no facility will be able to treat their patients, and there will be no trust and respect between healthcare personnel and patients. References Fisher, G. (2008). The art of business: The top ten basic business principles. Web. Mason, D. J., Perez, A., McLemore, M. R., & Dickson, E. (2020). Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health . Elsevier Health Sciences.

ESSAY: Callaway Golf Company’s Acquisition of Topgolf Essay Topgolf is a high-growth platform with favorable unit economics across its companies. It will benefit from Callaway’s solid financial position, which allows it to fully support Topgolf’s expansion ambitions at a low cost of capital. Both businesses are focused on golf and active-lifestyle customers. The acquired company will benefit from a compelling family of brands with reach across numerous channels, including retail, venues, e-commerce, and digital communities, thanks to Topgolf’s 90 million consumer contact points every year. Callaway’s golf equipment and soft products companies benefit from Topgolf’s efforts to introduce new players to the game of golf (Repar, 2021). The merged company’s industry-leading sales, marketing, and partnership infrastructure will enhance traffic, same-venue revenues, and new business conversion. The combined consumer reach of Callaway and Topgolf will result in enhanced promotion, exposure, and sales of equipment and clothing to golfers and non-golfers alike (Repar, 2021). A common innovation culture opens attractive long-term options, such as the ability to transmit information for teaching, exercise, and lifestyle across linked displays. The company’s core platform, which is distinguished by immersive games, proprietary technology, and locally sourced, high-quality food and beverage, is a one-of-a-kind social destination for everyone. Topgolf locations are physically positioned to profit from customer preferences for outdoor activities because of their open-air, climate-controlled bays. In 2019, Topgolf served more than 23 million visitors from 63 sites throughout the world, including a strong pipeline of new openings, with more than half of customers identifying as non-golfers (Repar, 2021). Topgolf has a significant digital presence in the game of golf through World Golf Tour, a popular mobile golf game with 28 million subscribers as of 2019 (Repar, 2021). Topgolf’s exclusive, in-house gaming skills also enable novel sponsorship and consumer interaction options across the company’s linked digital and in-person platforms due to the company’s own in-house gaming capabilities. Reference Repar, K. (2021). Callaway golf: Leading the game’s renaissance with the Topgolf acquisition . Seeking Alpha. Web.

ESSAY: Campbell’s “The Hero With a Thousand Faces” Essay (Book Review) The nature of mythology and its persistence in culture throughout thousands of years has long fascinated scholars and thinkers. Joseph Campbell’s book entitled The hero with a thousand faces investigates this issue in detail to reveal how myth as a psychologically informed phenomenon predetermines cultural patterns of humanity. In this paper, the first chapter of the book, “Myth and dream,” will be at the center of the discussion. The thesis of this part might be projected through the following quote. The author states that myths “are dangerous because they threaten the fabric of the security into which we have built ourselves and our family. But they are fiendishly fascinating too, for they carry keys that open the whole realm of the desired and feared adventure of the discovery of the self” (Campbell, 2004, p. 7). Such a formulation implies that people’s minds intertwine myths and dreams as a mechanism of self-perception, understanding of the self in the context of the whole life cycle, and coping with developmental change. Myths lead people through the challenges of life and allow for integrating the conscious and subconscious into a single framework. Indeed, prior to presenting the idea in the above-mentioned quote, Campbell (2004) refers to the repetitive occurrence of the terrors and irrationalities from ancient mythology in contemporary people’s dreams. Indeed, the motifs of hatred, vanity, jealousy are intertwined with love, gratitude, and other feelings and motivations to action. In such a manner, these matters are dangerous to people because they unveil the psychological underpinnings of their subconscious in ways that contradict their rational or conscious decision-making and thinking. The author elaborates on this central idea by referring to the letters written by people about their myth-like dreams reflecting their concerns or subconscious struggles. Campbell (2004) presents an example of a young man’s dream about accidentally killing his father to obtain the full attention of his mother, which has been a recurring theme in mythology. Furthermore, the author refers to a dream of a woman who sees a half-horse-half-man individual in her dream despite any ideas of infidelity experienced consciously. In this regard, the connection between the experiences of early childhood and adulthood is essential for myths and their manifestation in dreams. This observation helps explain the second part of the quote, which states that through the contradictions of the myth-like dreams, people can understand their selves and the subconscious triggers of their emotions and behaviors. Indeed, the change that people experience individually or collectively is inherently connected with the purpose of myths. The changes that people experience throughout their life, including the transitioning from one lifespan stage to another, have been addressed by rituals addressed in myths (Campbell, 2004). In such a manner, through the reference to the odd rituals accompanying tribal or ancient life, the author pursues his idea that myths help people navigate the difficulties of perceiving a change in them. Conclusively, in his first chapter entitled “Myth and dream,” Campbell (2004) integrates mythological motifs as a part of dreams into the psychological realm of human struggle with change, lifespan development, and understanding of self. The author presents his thesis with the following support by means of vivid examples that tie the experiences of individuals today with the rituals and mythological themes of the past. In such a manner, the psychological premises of the mythological role in dreams provides answers for the analysis of individuals’ psyche development. Reference Campbell, J. (2004). The hero with a thousand faces . Princeton University Press.

ESSAY: Can Carbohydrates Cause Harm to One’s Body? Essay Recent fad diets have suggested that carbohydrates cause harm to one’s body. However, this statement has been refuted many times for several reasons. Firstly, to get a beautiful, efficiently functioning body, one needs nutrients – fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and water (Nazario). Carbohydrate metabolism converts carbs into vital energy for the nervous system and brain, as well as for the possibility of proper metabolism of proteins and fats. Once these elements are eliminated, there is a high risk of developing continuous fatigue, which potentially leads to depressive mood. Secondly, giving up carbohydrates leads to extra pounds because after completing a carb-free diet, the body is susceptible to every gram of carbohydrates, and super-compensation occurs in the diet. In addition to an increased appetite for carbohydrate-containing foods, the assimilation of this element increases significantly (Nazario). For example, a person was on such a diet for a month and lost ten pounds, and then immediately returned to a regular diet, regaining the same weight within a week. Thirdly, even after the first day of giving up carbohydrates, a person may feel a slight malaise and headache (Nazario). Later, there is a chance of developing constant headaches leading to migraine. Ultimately, carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the brain. All cognitive functions slowly fade away when the main “engine” ceases to receive sufficient charge. Almost every activity demands increased brain activity which is stimulated by carbs (Nazario). When a person does not consume them, primarily the level of concentration reduces. Constant burning of ketones instead of glucose can lead to impaired brain function. Therefore, it is vital to include carbs into one’s ration in order to ensure that all bodily systems function properly. Work Cited Nazario, Brunilda. “ What Happens When You Stop Eating Carbs ”. Nourish by Web MD . 2021. Web.

ESSAY: Can Euthanasia Be Considered Ethical Essay The subject of euthanasia is an extremely delicate topic of discussion which is surrounded by numerous ethical debates. Generally speaking, euthanasia as a term is used to describe deliberate action to painlessly terminate a person’s life to put an end to their pain. On the one hand, advocates of euthanasia speak about one’s right to make their own decision in regard to life and death and call the act ‘mercy killing’ due to it relieving people of suffering. On the other hand, euthanasia opponents argue about the sanctity of life and equal the act to murder. However, from the point of view of a few ethical theories – namely, teleology, deontology, and Levina’s “face of the other” – euthanasia is deeply unethical and contradicts all possible moral laws. Teleology is the study of things in terms of the purposes they serve, and it was heavily relied on by Aristotle. He believed that there was a reason for everything – including human life: he saw it as organized and directed towards the final end. As for what Aristotle considered the final end, it was “complete good” – happiness, the ultimate goal of all our activities that renders a human life “in need of nothing” (Aristotle, 2017, p. 247). Evidently, all of our activities are aimed at achieving a goal, although most of them are means to achieving other goals. Happiness is a goal in and of itself – the ultimate goal; as such, it is the highest good. The problem is that different people tend to disagree with what makes life happy or good – the goal of ethics is to answer this question. However, it is unlikely for that answer to be death – which is the outcome of euthanasia; therefore, one can conclude that the practice of euthanasia would be deemed unethical from Aristotle’s perspective. The theory of deontology is the theory according to which people have a moral obligation to act in concordance with a particular set of rules and principles. Immanuel Kant was this theory’s prominent advocate, and he formulated its most substantial form. As opposed to deontological theory’s religious interpretations, Kant’s theory’s rules are derived from the human mind. As per Kant, “some actions are inherently wrong,” even if they lead to a remarkable outcome (Kant, 2019, p. 30). This is the way actions are evaluated in deontology – regardless of the end result. In regard to euthanasia, the end result can be considered good – a person is able to escape suffering. However, from a moral viewpoint, ending someone else’s life would most likely be deemed inherently wrong. Therefore, the act of euthanasia is unethical from the perspective of Kant’s deontological theory as well. “Face of the other” is the theory of Emmanuel Lévinas – a French philosopher of the 20th century – that proposes that people are responsible for one another in face-to-face encounters. He stated that his ethical relation to loving others comes from his inability to survive alone and find meaning “within its own being-in-the-world, within the ontology of sameness” (My Jewish Learning, n.d.). According to Lévinas, another person’s right to exist takes precedence over one’s own right, and it is embodied in an ethical decree: one shall not kill, and one shall not endanger the life of another. Consequently, from this perspective, the act of euthanasia would be regarded as violence to someone else’s life. As a result, euthanasia is likely to be considered unethical from the point of view of any of these theories. From a teleological viewpoint, things that lead to one’s life being happy or good cannot be pursued – therefore, euthanasia, with its end result being death, could hardly be viewed as something positive. Moreover, in accordance with Kant’s deontological theory, there are acts that are always wrong, regardless of the outcome, which fits euthanasia – essentially, a killing that frees one of pain. Additionally, Lévinas speaks about putting someone’s life higher than his own due to the existence being meaningful only with others in it – euthanasia, from his perspective, would be deemed an infringement on another’s life. References Aristotle. (2017). Nicomachean ethics . Lulu.com. Kant, I. (2019). Groundwork for the metaphysics of morals . (C. Bennett, J. Saunders & R. Stern, Trans.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1785). My Jewish Learning. (n.d.). Responsibility in the Face of the Other . Web.

ESSAY: Cannabis or Marijuana for Medical Use Research Paper Introduction Marijuana has been used for several thousand years in various directions. In the West, for the first time, medical use became known thanks to the work of Professor O’Shaughnessy, who personally observed the process of her treatment in India (Cerdá et al. 167). After a series of experiments, he began to use it for patients with rabies, epilepsy and tetanus. Over the following years, the opinion of experts has constantly been changing, and discussions about the ratio of benefits and harms are still ongoing. Evidence of medical use of marijuana varies from proven clinical cases to speculative claims. Despite its long history and positive feedback from patients in various fields, one must not forget that cannabis has psychoactive properties, so its turnover should be limited. The legal status and availability of the remedy are ambiguous for many countries. Forms of Medical Cannabis The Cannabis sativa plant contains more than 100 compounds, including terpenes, flavonoids and – most importantly for medical purposes – cannabinoids (Ali 25). The most common cannabinoid is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which has psychotropic properties and is capable of causing euphoria (Grassa et al. 1678). The next most common cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), which is not psychotropic. THC and CBD are the most studied cannabinoids. Evidence suggests that other cannabinoids and terpenoids may also have potential medical applications and that different cannabis compounds may work synergistically, enhancing each other’s effect. Opinions on the Legalization of Medical Cannabis Opponents Among psychiatrists, there are opponents of the use of marijuana. They warn that legal cannabis, even with limited use in medicine and veterinary medicine, will easily get out of control and will contribute to the additional spread of drug addiction among the population (Nosarieme 293). Opinions are given about the risk of mental disorders, a decrease in long-term memory. The danger is the statement about the harmlessness of marijuana. There is concern that the burden on law enforcement agencies will sharply increase, which will have to deal with the purpose of using cannabis in detainees. Studies have shown that adolescents who use marijuana have noticed anxiety and deterioration in the educational process (Larkin and Madras 590). Colorado was the first to legalize marijuana in 2012 (Page et al. 145). Scientists at the University of Colorado stated that since legalization, the number of patients admitted to hospitals in a serious conditions caused by cannabis has tripled (Cerdá et al. 169). Opponents of legalization are also confident that legalization will lead to the emergence of a black market for marijuana. It is economically more profitable for producers to trade illegally than to pay taxes to the state and be under its control. Supporters Supporters of changing the law emphasize the need to use medical cannabis as an adjunct to pain relief for different illnesses. In addition, they refer to the results of the experience of other countries where there is no ban on marijuana, which has allowed to reduce in drug trafficking on the black market (Ali 25). A number of studies have shown that the crime rate began to drop markedly in the US states where marijuana was legalized (Grassa et al. 1677). For example, in the states bordering Mexico, the number of crimes decreased by 13% (Nosarieme 294). Results of Cannabis Legalization The process was initiated by Uruguay and Canada, which allowed the use of marijuana in 2001 (Larkin and Madras 579). Smoking is not prohibited for persons over the age of 18 in special places (Page et al. 138). The position of the official authorities is neutral. In some countries, the law allows to have marijuana for one’s own use and to breed from 5 to 15 bushes at home for personal needs (Nosarieme 292). In Colorado, Georgia and Washington in the USA, two years after the legalization of marijuana in 2013, there were fewer patients going to drug treatment centers (Ali 21). The suicide rate has hardly changed. According to police statistics, employees have received more opportunities to investigate serious crimes and preventative law enforcement activities. Consumption of other narcotic drugs has not increased (as shown in the graph) and alcohol consumption has decreased. However, it is also possible to highlight the negative consequences of the legalization of marijuana. The Canadian Association of Psychiatrists demands that the sale of cannabis be restricted to 25 years (Grassa et al. 1669). Doctors say that the passion of young people affects the development of thinking abilities, memory, attention, and learning ability and destroys intelligence. In addition, marijuana becomes a catalyst for people at risk for mental illness. These include people with stressful work, stress and dysfunctional heredity. The Use of Cannabis in Medicine Chemotherapy Chemotherapeutic drugs are administered to cancer patients in courses for several weeks. They are effective but highly toxic; treatment is accompanied by severe side effects that worsen the quality of life of patients. One of the unpleasant consequences is severe nausea and vomiting, which are almost impossible to control. Patients try to eat less, and can not stand the sight and smell of food, which leads to exhaustion and depression. Sometimes they interrupt therapy, despite the deadly risk. Antiemetic drugs relieve the condition, but they are not always effective, and their prolonged use causes complications. Marijuana has been proposed as a less harmful alternative. Since 1985, oncologists have been allowed to use synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol in capsules, but Alfred Chang’s research has shown that bioavailability when smoking is much higher (Larkin and Madras 578). Cannabis treats nausea by increasing appetite (which prokinetics do not do), and also has an analgesic effect, which potentially allows to give up narcotic analgesics. Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy Clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis are diverse and depend on the localization of foci of myelin destruction. Etiotropic therapy is absent; the disease is irreversible, so combinations of expensive symptomatic drugs are used. Marijuana relieves tremors and partial loss of coordination. There have been documented cases when cannabis effectively coped with focal seizures in epilepsy (Cerdá et al. 171). Even under the condition of illegal purchase, it was cheaper than traditional treatment. Anticonvulsive properties also helped with tremors of various origins (infections, organic pathology of the central nervous system, and dystonia). Anorexia in the Treatment of HIV/AIDS Taking antiretroviral drugs can depress digestion and cause nausea, which increases the risk of exhaustion for patients who are already losing weight due to the disease. Cannabis not only excites hunger but enhances the taste and pleasure of food. After the 1971 studies, Dronabinol was allowed to be used in the USA since it turned out to be safer and more effective in comparison with Megestrol (Page et al. 149). Cannabis treatment of anorexia with HIV infection Marinol is possible only in some foreign countries by prescription. Many patients resort to ordinary smoking marijuana. They indicate that it relieved symptoms more effectively than a synthetic analog. Chronic Pain Traditionally, chronic pain was treated with opiates and synthetic analgesics. This led to dangerous complications in the form of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers and renal-hepatic insufficiency. The combination of sedative and analgesic action allows the use of cannabis for pathologies such as osteoarthritis and phantom pain after limb amputation. Although marijuana is inferior to opiates in the power of pain relief, smoking on demand is accompanied by fewer side effects and rarely causes addiction. Cannabis is becoming a means of choice for people suffering from migraines, as many of them simply do not help analgesics. Rare Cases of Medical Use Cannabis helps only a small part of patients, so it is rather an exception to the rule. This is due to the use of pharmaceutical drugs in the treatment of fairly rare symptoms and side effects. There is reason to believe that marijuana is likely to benefit in the treatment of diseases, the list of which is presented below. Glaucoma In an experiment at the University of California, the properties of cannabis were found to reduce intraocular pressure and lacrimation. The effect after smoking persisted for 4-5 hours, while the pupils reacted normally to light and the quality of vision did not change (Nosarieme 295). Atopic Dermatitis Marijuana helps to suppress itching and irritability associated with the disease when the effectiveness of antihistamines and corticosteroids is limited or there are contraindications to them. Labor Pains Pregnant and lactating women should generally avoid the use of medications, as there is a risk of poisoning the child. However, in India and African countries, marijuana is used to relieve labor pains due to the banal lack of normal medications. Depression, Psychosis and Other Disorders of The Emotional Sphere The use of cannabis, in this case, is ambiguous. On the one hand, it has been used for years past to treat melancholy. On the other hand, chronic use can cause and exacerbate mental disorders. Asthma Cannabinoids in the experiment showed a weak bronchiolitis effect in the absence of side effects characteristic of beta-agonists and steroids. However, smoking is contraindicated because of its irritating properties; only oral administration is suitable. Insomnia This is one of the most ancient indications for taking cannabis in various pathologies. Such pathologies can be multiple sclerosis, bipolar disorder, and withdrawal syndrome. Scleroderma Due to the pathology of connective tissue, patients suffer from heartburn, difficulty swallowing and nausea, which leads to a decrease in appetite and exhaustion. Conclusion People in the last stages of fatal diseases often turn to weak narcotic substances. Cannabis helps to suppress pain, nausea, depression and feelings of fear without causing severe withdrawal or addiction. Therefore, it is pointless to deny its palliative capabilities. Globally, evidence of the use of cannabis in medicine is not systematic. Due to problems with the legality of turnover, doctors are forced to provide unofficial statistics. However, cases of the palliative use of cannabis are massive. Marijuana is not harmless, so the question of safety should be decided by a doctor. If a patient finds a suitable specialist, they will help choose the right dose and weigh the risks in the long term. The toxic effects of cannabis can be acute and chronic, leading to undesirable consequences. However, no fatal cases of intoxication have been confirmed. The effectiveness of cannabis is individual in each case. It depends on the severity of the causal disease, the characteristics of the patient and the dose. Unfortunately, accurate data is not available, as the illegality of the tool limits research. Works Cited Ali, Ola. Association of Cannabis Use with Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Analysis . Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2015. Cerdá, Magdalena, et al. “Association Between Recreational Marijuana Legalization in the United States and Changes in Marijuana Use and Cannabis Use Disorder From 2008 to 2016.” JAMA Psychiatry , vol. 77, no. 2, 2020, pp. 165-171. Grassa, Christopher, et al. “A New Cannabis Genome Assembly Associates Elevated Cannabidiol (CBD) With Hemp Introgressed into Marijuana.” New Phytologist , vol. 230, no. 112, 2021, pp. 1665-1679. Larkin, Paul, and Bertha Madras.“Opioids, Overdoses, and Cannabis: Is Marijuana an Effective Therapeutic Response to the Opioid Abuse Epidemic?” The Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy , vol. 17, no. 555, 2019, pp. 555-597. Nosarieme, Abey. “Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana) Alters Blood Chemistry and the Cytoarchitecture of Some Organs in Sprague Dawley Rat Models.” Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol. 116, no. 15, 2018, pp. 292-297. Page, Robert, et al. “Medical Marijuana, Recreational Cannabis, and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association.” Circulation , vol. 8, no. 142, 2020, pp. 131-152.

ESSAY: Capital Budget and Advanced Documentation System Essay Cost of Advanced Documentation System The Advanced Documentation System is a document technology partner that helps optimize and ameliorate the work of the company’s printers. The costs spent on printers and their supply grow exponentially within years. There are various ways to improve the way printers are handled by implementing helpful services such as the Advanced Documentation System. The cost of the system depends on the brand, for instance on Capterra, the service costs $25 per month with a minimum of 5 working places which is $125 in total (Capterra, 2022). The software has a free trial period that allows the customer to understand the features of the system and its working specialties. The usage of the system can become profitable for the company within time. It is a cost-saving service as it analyzes and teaches the personnel to use various printer regimes for various needs. The software teaches the customer to use the printer on a higher level and consequently leads to better document management including converting papers to digital and re-engineering procedures for better productivity. The service successfully integrates into the IT environment of the firm and optimizes the inner work processes. Eventually, the implementation of the Advanced Documentation System can become an investment within time as it can save the time of the personnel, increase their productivity, and help the environment (Advanced Document Systems, 2022). The environmental-friendly approach is based on saving the print and the time printers are used by the personnel. Alternative Funding Sources The company can pay for the service using various financial resources for alternative funding resources. The sources usually depend on the scale of the firm, its level of income, and its current position in the market. The easiest and most accessible way to pay for Advanced Document System is from the cash flow, especially if the company has a surplus of profit. Some companies do not possess many employees and income, and they can take a bank loan to cover the costs of the system. The bank loan can also be helpful when the service is needed for many seats that have to be united and optimized. Then, the costs spent on the system increase, and extra funding might be needed. To increase the cash flow, the company can also go to the equity market and issue the stocks. The more stocks are sold to shareholders, the more cash flow the firm receives and can use for different needs. The other way to find alternative funding sources is to issue bonds that represent a fixed-income instrument. A bond is a debt obligation meaning that the company loans from an investor a specific sum of money. Bonds are safe for investors and faster to get for the company because more people invest in bonds as a safer method. Finally, the company can use mixed funding to get the cash for the payment which means uniting several methods described above. All the funding opportunities are possible for buying and implementing the Advanced Documentation System. References Advanced Document Systems. Managed print services. Web. Capterra. Legal document management software . Web.

ESSAY: Capitalism and Racism in Past and Present Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Racial Capitalism 3. Forms of Racial Inequality 4. Consequences of Racial Capitalism 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Racial concerns and debates regularly emerge in the United States. Despite the intention to create an equal society and support all citizens, many problems and questions remain poorly addressed. The creation of the Black Lives Matter movement, unstable community-police relationships, and the inability to manage racial discrimination prove that American people need more changes at different organizational levels. People from various spheres are interested in contributing to the evaluation of the situation and sharing their opinions about racial capitalism that came from Europe and continues challenging America today. Racism includes social and economic inequalities due to racial identity and is represented through dispossession, colonialism, and slavery in the past and lynching, criminalization, and incarceration in the present. This paper aims to explore how racial capitalism, which originated in Europe, penetrates Americans and affects Black lives. Robin Kelley, Ruth Wilson Gilmore, William Du Bois, and other activists offer strong arguments and campaigns to predict the development of the worst scenario for racially abused Americans. Racial capitalism is not just police or social inequality and injustice but a number of positive and negative interpersonal relationships determined by slavery, violence, and wars. Racial Capitalism The concept of racial capitalism is relatively new in American society. Cedric Robinson introduced it at the end of the 1980s to criticize political order and leadership authority (Kelly). During the last several centuries, people from different parts of the world have taken multiple steps to prove the importance of freedom and equality in society. However, instead of promoting liberty, it seems that governments prefer to replace some words and change their meanings. For example, slavery is no longer present in the United States, but more than 25% of the world’s population are imprisoned in American jails (“13th”). Prison and police have become the easiest industrial complex to solve various social problems (“Ruth Wilson Gilmore makes a case for Abolition”). These facts and observations prove that racism was not removed or resolved as a problem but re-evaluated through the prism of capitalism. European colonial aggrandizement shows how black-and-white relationships are developed, considering Europe as white and the world as black (Du Bois 23). Thus, racial capitalism is not an outcome or a solution for Americans but a sentence according to which millions of people have to live. Forms of Racial Inequality Most people prefer to recognize racism as a form of the unequal relationship between people based on racial or ethnic concerns. Yet, the spread of racial capitalism proves that many additional aspects may affect society. European examples and experiences demonstrate how such processes as dispossession, colonialism, and slavery established and defined human life quality. According to Kelley, some conspiracies always justified slavery and dispossession as a significant part of Western feudal society. Robinson explained European radicalization as a colonial process in the past that turned into nationalism in the present (qtd. in Kelley). Although this tendency was not effective, it was inevitable because society was in need of changes, and the government could allow those steps only. As a result, many individuals had no guarantees about their future and the possibility of protecting their property. It was not racism but capitalism that created additional grounds for inequality and injustice. Another form of racial capitalism that could not be ignored in the 18 th and 19 th centuries was colonialism. In Robinson’s research, colonial processes varied from new settlements, multiple invasions, and reasonable and unreasonable expropriation to racial hierarchy and wars (qtd. in Kelley). German colonization was harsh and brutal in relation to native citizens and innocent people. Regarding the current state of affairs and racially-based principles, all those lessons and mistakes were not enough to make the right judgments and promote equal and fair treatment in society. Finally, interpersonal relationships are constantly analyzed, addressing the impact of slavery and its abolishment according to the 13 th amendment. It is hard to understand when slavery was initiated, but the desire to use someone’s abilities and strengths to achieve personal or public benefits has been observed since ancient times. Human freedoms were challenged in different ways, and people could do nothing to resist or avoid punishment. Rebellions, wars, and military conflicts within states or entire countries grew, which resulted in the Civil War and the creation of the 13 th amendment at the end of the 19 th century (“13th”). Slavery was officially over, but radical capitalism grew and strengthened its impact from new perspectives. Consequences of Racial Capitalism When official freedoms and rights were approved, it was hard to achieve a mutual understanding because new problems occurred. Instead of slavery and colonization, new rules and principles were promoted. The amendment supported human rights, but the same idea was not applied to criminalized individuals. Thus, the rise of police powers and prisons was noticed. Black people were arrested even for minor crimes (loitering or vagrancy) and were obliged to work for the country to rebuild the economy and cover the losses in different spheres (“13th”). It became clear that blackness, not crime, was condemned and reasoned for inequality and biases (Du Bois 20). Even today, similar judgments challenge society and create additional grounds for punishment and imprisonment. A terrible example was introduced by Wells when a white man was shot by a black one (3). All blacks in the neighborhood got hunted and judged as criminals. Although lynching and incarceration were not regular in the region, it was approved as a matter of justice for the white population, provoking anger and violence (Wells 5). The resistance was impossible due to the power of radical capitalism that had never disappeared. Racism and capitalism co-exist and increase the impact on citizens’ relationships. People observe how brutal and unfair policing, which was created to support them and maintain public order, could be. Police impunity is devastating, especially when powers are used to harm and kill Black people (“Ruth Wilson Gilmore makes a case for Abolition”). In addition to George Floyd, Oscar Grant, and Botham Jean, the name of Recy Taylor should be mentioned to prove white violence and black struggles. Her story shows how the dehumanization of black females spreads in American society (McDonald). Not all rapes and mockeries are officially reported, and many women had to hide their problems and bad experiences not to be judged or misunderstood. Besides, employment and educational concerns bother many Americans today because of the existing absolutism (Wynter 66). If imperial wars and military conflicts due to racism are over, it does not mean that all problems have been resolved. Conclusion Racial capitalism is a current burden that defines American life quality from multiple perspectives. Regarding the historical overview and experiences of slavery, wars, and conflicts, it is necessary to find a solution and protect innocent citizens. It is not enough to abolish slavery but encourage incarceration or forget about colonization and justify lynching and black dehumanization. Not many people are ready to talk about their problems out loud, and all those killings, rapes, shortages, and anti-racial initiatives prove that racism exists in the United States and is nourished by European capitalism, increasing the impact of social injustice, racial inequality, and human violence. Works Cited “13th.” YouTube, uploaded by Netflix, 2020, Web. Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil . Dover Publications, 1999. Kelley, Robin D. G. “What Did Cedric Robinson Mean by Racial Capitalism?” Boston Review , Web. McDonald, Soraya Nadia. “‘The Rape of Recy Taylor’ Explores the Little-Known Terror Campaign Against Black Women.” The Undefeated, Web. “Ruth Wilson Gilmore makes a case for Abolition.” The Intercept , 2020, Web. Wells, Ida B. Lynching at the Curve . Web. Wynter, Sylvia. “No Humans Involved: An Open Letter to My Colleagues.” Forum N. H. I. Knowledge for the 21 st Century, vol. 1, no. 1, 1994, pp. 42-73.

ESSAY: Carbohydrate Consumption and Its Importance Essay Carbohydrates are energy-giving foods that enable the body to function well. Every person needs plenty of carbohydrates in their diet to remain healthy and carry out their daily tasks properly. Scientists recommend that carbohydrates form between 45% and 65% of one’s daily consumption (Wali et al., 2021). High carbohydrates uptake translates to high calories and sufficient energy for the body. The paper will discuss carbohydrate consumption and the composition of carbohydrate sources. Some of the foods that contain high contents of carbohydrates are wheat which can be consumed as wheat grain or wheat flour and differ in their functionality in the body. Wheat flour from wheat grain is obtained by milling the wheat grain to remove the outer part of the kernel, which are the bran and germ. There is a variation in the chemical composition of the bran and portions of the kernel’s endosperm. The kernel contains starch as the major carbohydrate in its endosperm. The kernel also contains free gas, pentosans, and glucofructans. The outermost layer of the wheat kernel, the bran, has starch as a contaminant of the endosperm. The bran also contains carbohydrate materials such as free gas and cellulose. Carbohydrates come from different foods, including fruits, green vegetables, roots, and legumes. Sugar types found in fruits are three in total, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose (Ludwig et al., 2018). Glucose is utilized in the body by the brain and muscles, while fructose is used in the functioning of the liver. Sucrose is broken down into fructose and glucose to give the body energy. Green vegetables only contain simple carbohydrates that are in the basic form. Root vegetables also contain carbohydrates in low quantities, which are useful to the human body. Legumes contain complex carbohydrates in resistant starch, used as food by organisms living in the large intestine. Complex carbohydrates resist being broken down into glucose while in the small bowel. Consumption of a large amount of added sugar is unhealthy for the human body. The high calories of carbohydrates consumed daily must be associated with the rigorous activity to burn it. Consumption of high amounts of starch and fat causes obesity. Obesity is a condition that results from unburnt calories in the body. Humans must exercise consumption of the right quantities of carbohydrates. Problems that arise from much sugar consumption are heart failures and heart attacks that result from the excess sugar that insulates the blood vessels hindering blood from passing through. When the blood is blocked from flowing to other parts of the body by the excess sugar, one may experience stroke due to a lack of blood in the parts of the body. In conclusion, carbohydrates are important for our bodies, and consumption level differs from person to person depending on the type of activity one does. People who engage in rigorous activities must take more carbohydrate-rich foods than those who do not. One must understand the type of activity they engage in to avoid excessive consumption of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have different functions in the body that are dependent on the types of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates primarily give the body the energy to do activities that involve muscles or just body movement. People under instructions from doctors to avoid high content carbohydrates due to underlying conditions should consume low carbohydrate foods such as vegetables and some fruits. Carbohydrates that occur naturally in fruits and vegetables are less harmful to the body than added sugars. One should consult their doctor on the kind of fruits and vegetables to consume depending on the seriousness of their condition. References Ludwig, D. S., Hu, F. B., Tappy, L., & Brand-Miller, J. (2018). Dietary carbohydrates: Role of Quality and Quantity in Chronic Disease. BMJ, 361 . Web. Wali, J. A., Raubenheimer, D., Senior, A. M., Le Couteur, D. G., & Simpson, S. J. (2021). Cardio-metabolic consequences of dietary carbohydrates: reconciling contradictions using nutritional geometry. Cardiovascular Research, 117 (2), 386-401. Web.

ESSAY: Care Coordination Plan: Hypertension Report (Assessment) Introduction Coordination in healthcare is a critical activity supporting healthcare’s efficient and successful transmission. Healthcare regulations, ethical resource development, and many other essential aspects of healthcare should be considered while coordinating treatment for patients. Care coordination also considers a patient’s psychological requirements, cultural viewpoint, ethics, and other specific features that provide satisfaction throughout the treatment process. A selected patient’s hypertension will be examined, and a tentative care coordination plan prepared to address the patient’s needs. Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is greater than it should be. Nearly 50% of the US population from around 54 to 74 years has hypertension (Carey & Whelton, 2018). Thus, a coordinated care plan will benefit the patient and anybody else who may be affected by the condition. The number of instances of hypertension has risen, and the primary reason is people’s lifestyles. Patient-Centered Health Interventions Effective interventions should place the patient at the heart of the treatment and clinical endeavors. Patient-centered care entails including the patient in the treatment process and taking an active role. Patients may make a significant difference in the quality of healthcare they get if they are adequately involved (Fowler, 2017). The patient in this study was a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with hypertension in July 2019. The important statistics are BP 141/90, HR 108 bpm, temperature 38 °C, and RR 37 bpm. When the patient learned about her illness, she became interested in care coordination and made the plan better and faster. She stated that she was eager to learn more about the disease and what she could do to maintain a normal life despite having a disability. Her hypertension would cause several health problems; thus, it was critical to point out three of them. Stroke or Heart Attack A heart attack can occur because of the hardening and thickening of the arteries caused by hypertension (atherosclerosis). It is common knowledge that a heart attack happens when there is a blockage of blood flow to the heart, resulting in a blood clot formation. A stroke is a similar obstruction of blood flow but affects the brain (Wang et al., 2018). They do, nevertheless, follow a similar pattern, and patients with high blood pressure should be on the lookout for any of these health problems since they are more likely to occur. The best ways to prevent heart problems for the patient in question include quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, getting enough exercise, managing their blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and losing or maintaining their current weight. With the support of a medical coordination cooperation team, the patient can accomplish this. Another way to improve this is to incorporate a shared resource to provide the patient with more information about their treatment options (Wang et al., 2018). Health Partners Regional Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and University of Minnesota Medical Center are excellent community resources. Depression Learning about hypertension might significantly affect a patient’s mental and emotional health. Because this is a long-term ailment, the patient will need to alter her lifestyle and spend a significant amount of money to guarantee that she receives the best possible treatment (Fowler, 2017). All of these things may take a toll on the patient. Depression is a serious problem because its symptoms and indications might be mistaken for those of other medical conditions. In the treatment of depression, patient-centered interventions include ensuring that the patient maintains her daily activities, uses medication when symptoms appear, educates the patient about depression, and gets the patient’s social circle more involved in her overall health and well-being (Wang et al., 2018). The University of Minnesota Medical Center, Mayo Clinic, psychiatric hospitals, the Minnesota Department of Human Services, and other community services might be consulted if a patient suffers from depression. Dementia Blocked arteries cause vascular dementia, and constricted arteries hinder blood flow to the brain. Strokes are thought to be a contributing factor in people developing dementia. Cognitive decline is one of the hallmarks of dementia (decline in memory, problem-solving skills, and language) (Fowler, 2017). Patients with high blood pressure should know that poor health and lifestyle decisions can lead to dementia, a chronic and progressive disease. Workouts, multisensory stimulation, and medication are all examples of patient-centered therapies (pharmacology). Reminiscence, reassurance, and aromatherapy are some of the methods used to treat those with dementia (Wang et al., 2018). The Minnesota Guardians Pharmacy, the University of Minnesota Medical Center, and the Mayo Clinic are among the local community services that can assist patients in dealing with dementia. Ethical considerations in patient-centered healthcare interventions Healthcare has a crucial role in upholding ethical standards and should be performed following moral principles. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), patient-centered treatment includes ethical considerations as a core component (Fowler, 2017). This includes making sure that patients are treated with respect and consideration at all times. American Nurses Association’s (ANA) Code of Ethics encourages nurses to guarantee that they adhere to their professional standards. The ethical principles of healthcare delivery, such as benevolence, independence, nonmaleficence, and impartiality, are crucial criteria for ensuring that treatment is provided ethically. Improving care coordination is made possible by ethical and moral healthcare practices. When it comes to caring coordination, ethical questions arise and are critical, such as whether the patient’s well-being has been considered. Additionally, whether care coordination has improved patient safety and healthcare quality is another matter (Wang et al., 2018). Team members might reflect on what they would have achieved if the problem had been more personal (maybe to a family member or friend). Quality care and patient outcomes may be ensured if concerns are dealt with ethically, and the patient is given the finest treatment available. Continuity and Coordination of Care in Health Policy Health policies play a critical role in ensuring that healthcare is ethical and compliant with applicable laws. Health policy should also consider ethical deliberations, a critical part of the care integration strategy. The government and the organizations established to monitor and operationalize healthcare operations set health policies. They are designed to ensure that healthcare goals are met quickly and effectively (Wang et al., 2018). The Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly known as Obamacare after President Barack Obama, who advocated for its passage, is a major healthcare policy. Regardless of how it is perceived, the law has had a substantial influence on the process of care coordination and continuity. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a regulation that controls patient information privacy and insurance coverage for health care services under its purview. It aims to make healthcare more accessible to more people, regardless of where they live in the country or where the federal government has authority over them at any one moment. A multidisciplinary approach, trust, and privacy in care coordination make it possible for patients to share their private medical information with a wide range of specialists (Hu et al., 2018). HIPAA guarantees that care coordination uses patient data in the most effective manner possible. Both Obamacare and HIPAA assure patient assistance in times of need. Hypertension may significantly influence patients, and they should obtain the best available care (Hu et al., 2018). Additionally, the Care Continuum and Coordination Act improves patient care by allowing them to continue receiving healthcare services for a given time. Effective health policy provisions are important tools if a patient is nearing the end of their life and cannot pay for treatment. Priorities a Care Coordinator Would Introduce Learning sessions are essential to improve care coordination. The best method to implement a care coordination strategy is to provide patients with regular educational opportunities (Liang et al., 2017). These opportunities will assist patients in grasping the need for care coordination better. Many key aspects of the patient’s care coordination plan were emphasized. We effectively coordinated and dealt with the difficulties that developed because of the uncovered concerns, ensuring that the care continuum was done in the manner intended by the appropriate parties. As a care coordinator and healthcare provider, I learned how to attend to patients’ needs in partnership with them. In addition, I gained insight into the hopes and concerns of patients and the areas where they believed the healthcare continuum might require improvement. The patient made it clear that she was aware of the importance of the continuum of treatment. The coordination strategy allowed her to gather crucial information that she would not have otherwise accessed. However, it was clear that some aspects of the care plan needed improvement. Close people, such as family members, should be encouraged to attend the sessions by the patient. Consequently, improved care coordination is achieved even in the patient’s own home. Care coordination practices will benefit nutritionists, fitness coaches, and other professionals in physiotherapy and occupational therapy (Liang et al., 2017). Because of such adjustments, the final care plan would be revised and implemented. Increasing the number of learning sessions will benefit everyone, but it would be especially beneficial to hypertension patients. Changes based on evidence-based practice should be intended to ensure that care is delivered quickly and efficiently. Plan for Patient Care and Healthy People 2030 In the treatment process and the care coordination plan, patient happiness is the most important goal for all parties. The patient in this study expressed her happiness with the treatment process because of the learning sessions, which incorporated patients in the care process. The progress made in achieving Healthy People 2030 is fully documented in the care strategy. According to Healthy People 2030, healthcare conditions such as hypertension are of international importance and should be treated per the organization’s recommendations (Hasbrouck, 2021). The management of respiratory disorders would be incomplete without care coordination. The adjustments recommended should be incorporated into the final collaborative care plan to ensure patient fulfillment in line with Healthy People 2030. Alternative learning approaches should also be considered to alleviate the stereotypes and dullness sometimes associated with education and make it more enjoyable for all parties involved (Liang et al., 2017). Including all stakeholders in the care process will help raise awareness and address underlying issues. This may be incorporated into a healthcare management plan for various conditions. Conclusion Doctors and patients should work together to guarantee long-term success and improve the quality of life. Ingenious alternatives should be offered to bring much-needed diversity to the integrated treatment strategy. Healthy People 2030 principles and ethical behaviors have been suggested as part of a healthcare strategy. Incorporating adjustments and ensuring the patient is an active participant in the treatment process can improve care provision and patient outcomes. References Carey, R., & Whelton, P. (2018). Prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: Synopsis of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168 (5), 351-356. Fowler, M. D. (2017). Faith and ethics, covenant, and code: The 2015 revision of the ANA code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements . Journal of Christian Nursing, 34 (4), E60-E61. Hasbrouck, L. (2021). Healthy People 2030: An improved framework. Health Education & Behavior , 48 (2), 113-114. Hu, L., Kaestner, R., Mazumder, B., Miller, S., & Wong, A. (2018). The effect of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on financial wellbeing. Journal of Public Economics, 163 , 99-112. Liang, J., Abramson, M. J., & George, J. (2017). Educational interventions for health professionals managing COPD in primary care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1 (5), 1-10. Wang, C., Redgrave, J., Shafizadeh, M., Majid, A., Kilner, K., & Ali, A. (2018). Aerobic exercise interventions reduce blood pressure in patients after stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53 (24), 1515-1525.

ESSAY: Careers of The Beatles vs. The Rolling Stones in the 1960s Essay Rolling Stones were in the shadow of the Beatles from the very beginning, and this fact disturbed them a lot. On the other hand, most of the fame went to the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones constantly felt their superiority. To be different, they tried to become the anti-Beatles. The legendary Beatles were a pioneer of hard rock: the musical influence of the song Helter Skelter led to the emergence of heavy metal (Covach and Bell 28). The influence of The Rolling Stones on the formation and development of rock music cannot be overestimated. It was significant not only in music, like the Beatles but also in artistic and visual, image and mass media terms. In songwriting development, the Rolling Stones tried hard to keep up with their competitors, but it was not easy, and they seemed to be one step behind. A lot of what they did was a reaction to what the Beatles had already done. For example, when a sitar began to sound in the Beatles’ composition, it immediately appeared in the Rolling Stones. The Beatles, with their working-class origins in provincial Liverpool, sought to maintain an elegant image (Covach and Bell 28). They dressed in decent suits, cut their hair neatly and short, and communicated politely with everyone. The Rolling Stones did the opposite: they wore black leather clothes and looked and behaved provocatively. In 1964, when The Beatles first came to the US, it was called the British invasion (Covach and Bell 28). The Beatles took all five first places in the Billboard singles chart at once and became the only ones who were able to set such a record (Covach and Bell 28). The Rolling Stones also achieved success in the US, mainly through shocking exposure, but they did not shake the Beatles’ position. Many of the rock bands of the 60s, The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, are seen as irreconcilable rivals. The reasons to think so are quite weighty: they played different music and had different images. However, both groups have influenced music around the world and have become one of the most recognizable – this is their main similarity. Work Cited Covach, John, and Andy Flory. What’s That Sound? An Introduction to Rock and Its History . W. W. Norton & Company, 2018.

ESSAY: Casa Mono: A Multi-Sensory Experience as a Food Critic Essay Introduction Casa Mono, coupled with Bar Jamón, is located on the corner of Irving Place and 17th Street, just east of Union Square. Awarded a Michelin star in 2009, Casa Mono is a tapas bar restaurant inspired by the cuisine of Spain’s Costa Brava ( About – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). Founded in 2003 by Mario Batali and Joe Bastianich, Casa Mono was one of the earliest and most influential restaurants to transform the Spanish tapas paradigm into what New Yorkers call small-plates dining ( About – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). This essay will examine numerous ways this restaurant brings novelty to the world of Spanish cuisine while staying true to its authenticity. Entrance and Overall Impression Upon the first entry to the restaurant, one gets greeted by “Welcome to Casa Mono!” from charismatic servers, who approach the guests with elegance and warmth. Every server in the restaurant manages to create an atmosphere of a special evening. However, the service was observed to be scattered and lackluster at times. The wait to be seated stays under five minutes, given that reservations had to be made prior to attending. Due to COVID-19, guests must present proof of vaccination upon entry; however, beyond that and the fact that personnel wore masks, the overall impression was surprisingly authentic. Cultural Differences The sensory overload from being in the restaurant is at times overpowering. One can hear loud and energetic music emanating the bustling energy of Spain. Upon sitting at the bar directly in front of the grill, one can smell the smoke of cooked meals. Overall, the smells create a feeling of rural Spain, fresh food cooked directly over the flames. The rich flavor of Spanish cheeses in one’s mouth brings the place’s energy into a perfect symphony. The intimate space holds just over ten tables and several bar seats. With so little room, one cannot maneuver through the restaurant without accidentally touching others’ shoulders or hands. The perception of personal space and comfort is reminiscent of Spanish rather than American cultural geography – the communication is open, extremely friendly, and physical (Adomaitis, 2022). Looking around, one sees that the space is purposefully designed to create the cultural landscape of Spain. The interior walls are lined with wine bottles, shining in plentiful light from the floor-to-ceiling windows, reminiscent of the Mediterranian sun. The Menu: Ordered Food The food menu only consists of 21 entries, with three ‘dulces’ or sweets. Most of the menu is written in Spanish as a homage to the original dishes. Ordering an authentic entry of roasted piquillo peppers stuffed with braised oxtail was a must ( Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). Additionally, here one can try the traditional style of serving ‘tapas’ or small portions, the description language reflecting the cultural environment of Spain (Adomaitis, 2022). Casa Mono’s original twist on tapas necessitated an enjoyable order of soft eggs with sea urchins, crunchy walnuts, lime zest, and pungent anchovy oil. Finally, the unaltered and original flavors of imported Manchego cheese and locally adapted ‘Crema Catalana con Buñuelos’ brought the meal to a satisfying end ( Menu – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d). ‘Crema Catalana’ came with a crunchy, hard coat of burnt sugar atop the custard and deep-fried bay leaves, which one eats by pinching off the stem and separating the coating from the soft leaf. The taste of the ordered dishes provided an insight into the depth and complexity of Spanish taste. The Menu: Salad, Bread, and Desserts If none of the described choices seemed appealing, one could start their meal with ‘Pana con Tomate’ or traditional Spanish bread with tomatoes and olive oil. In the simplicity of this dish lies the heart of Mediterranean culture. For a spin on Spanish salads, ‘Ensalada Mono with Manchego and Pimentón Spiced Marcona Almonds’ is recommended, served between pieces of Manchego cheese and topped with almonds ( Menu – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). Lastly, a dessert flavor that Spain is famous for is churros with chocolate sauce, which could be ordered from both Bar Jamón and Casa Mono. The Menu: Beverages Casa Mono and Bar Jamón share a wine list of hundreds of beverages, representing a thoughtful selection of Spain’s expansive contribution to the world of wine. To those of drinking age, the help of sommeliers is readily available. Other drinks follow the sweets section, presenting traditional Spanish coffee styles such as ‘Café Cortado’ and ‘Café con Leche’ ( Menu – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). No sodas or juices are offered, with the wine menu being the shining star, distinctly differentiating it from American chain restaurants. The Menu: Cultural and Economic Geography Casa Mono treats the Hudson Valley as a local market in Barcelona, Spain, and additionally imports authentic ingredients. Some standard products are a selection of cheeses, numerous pickled ingredients, anchovies, and ‘Jamón Iberico’ (Adomaitis, 2022; Menu – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). Spain’s geographic location near the sea (Picture 1) is reflected in this menu by its seafood and fish selection. Additionally, a section called ‘whole organic animals’ refers to the traditional practice of buying whole animals and cutting them in portions called ‘raciones’ ( Menu – Casa Mono & Bar Jamon , n.d.). Overall, the food in Casa Mono reflects Spanish strive to keep the authentic nutrition closely based on Mediterranean staples resulting from an abundance of sun and sea access. Picture 1. Español: Relieve de España The Dress The personnel wears plain white shirts and black pants, with a white apron for the kitchen staff. Given the open kitchen style at the bar, the staff can be seen and heard around the room and in the cooking area as they chat with the guests, receive orders, and prepare food. Abiding Roach-Higgins & Eiche’s (1992) dress definition, one also notices several tattooed people whose tattoos are semi-visible under tough-looking clothes and soft-to-touch vinyl gloves. The smells of delicious meals seem to be forever embedded in staff aprons. Food Critic Experience The overall rating for this experience rounds at B or B+. The food tastes impeccable and authentic; novel approaches do not undermine the overall impression from fresh ingredients. With its glass doors to 17th Street, the dining room is charming, with, if not privacy, at least intimacy in the small room. The mosaic tile floors are so worn that they invoke the echo of thousands of steps taken over them from all those who enjoyed being at Casa Mono. The large crowds in the establishment take away from the experience to a lesser extent than in an American bar, as it feels like the way it should be – loud, lively, and energetic. However, the service suffers slightly due to overcrowding, so one letter is taken away. Learning Outcomes The experience of being immersed in the busy, semi-chaotic, yet incredibly welcoming atmosphere of Spanish dining in New York may provide a decent proxy for experiencing Spanish culture. The value of visiting Casa Mono goes beyond tasting delicious meals – it includes the recipes authenticity, approach to ingredients, and the feeling of being transported to another country for just one dinner. Overall, this understanding allows connecting Spanish cultural geography and dining experience through a detailed description of the restaurant atmosphere, an important aspect of the multi-cultural experience. References About—Casa Mono & Bar Jamon . (n.d.). Casa Mono & Bar Jamon. Web. Adomaitis, A.D. (2022). Fashion Economics [PowerPoint slides]. FM 4339. Español: Relieve de España . (2005). [Map]. Web. Menu—Casa Mono & Bar Jamon . (n.d.). Casa Mono & Bar Jamon. Web. Roach-Higgins, M. E., & Eicher, J. B. (1992). Dress and identity. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal , 10 (4), 1–8. Web.

ESSAY: Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Essay Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and long-term disorder characterized by uncontrollable, repeated thoughts and behaviors that an individual feels the need to repeat over and over. The case of Robert, a twenty-three-year-old young man, will be discussed further. Robert came to a mental health facility to get treated for anxiety, but it soon turned out that he rather struggled with OCD because he strongly smelled of disinfectant and reported excessive cleaning behaviors. After being in contact with surfaces and people, Robert felt a strong urge to wash his hands with bleach. He could wash his hands up to thirty times a day, which damaged his skin dramatically. However, the fear of germs was much stronger, and he could not stand touching something without washing his hands afterward. The issue of cleanliness took a great toll on his mental health. During the pandemic, the symptoms of OCD increased significantly. Robert reported wearing a HAZMAT suit outside, afraid of contracting the virus. In his social life, Robert avoids making physical contact with people and prefers keeping his distance from them. He works remotely from home, which quite pleases him because he does not have to go anywhere and spend time with other people in a confined space. Overall, Robert does not have a dependency on other people when it comes to handling his OCD and prefers being on his own the majority of the time. In Robert’s case, the combination of behavior therapy and pharmacological treatment is possible. Cognitive-behavioral treatment can be implemented for treating Robert’s OCD, including exposure and response prevention and cognitive restructuring (Moody, 2017). It is expected that Robert will feel relief from his symptoms within several weeks. Reference Moody, T. D., Morfini, F., Cheng, G., Sheen, C., Tadayonnejad, R., Reggente, N., O’Neill, J., & Feusner, J. D. (2017). Mechanisms of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder involve robust and extensive increases in brain network connectivity . Translational Psychiatry, 7 (9), e1230.

ESSAY: Cellulitis: Physical Examination and Care Case Study Physical examination of the affected regions of the skin is necessary. Individuals with cellulitis are likely to have a reddened region of the skin, swelling as well as intense pain (Brown & Watson, 2022). Brant experiences pain in his right leg, in a reddened region that is swollen. The affected area should be thoroughly checked for any signs of skin disintegration. Variations in temperature in the area should be monitored along with signs of an abscess (Sutherland & Parent, 2017). Brant revealed that he was bit by a mosquito on the reddened area. This being a seemingly severe case, the physician may order complete blood count (CBC) testing. This will help measure blood count levels (Bennett et al., 2020). A CBC will allow the physician to make an accurate early diagnosis of a wide range of medical conditions. The physician may also order a C-reactive protein (CRP) test, which is a blood test for inflammation. This would be a necessity since Brant has broken skin because of a mosquito bite (Sutherland & Parent, 2017). Brant’s case is an event of major systemic disturbance since there is a manifestation of chills and acute disorientation. Priority diagnostic criteria for Brant would include assessing the occurrence of erythematous inflammation in the basal dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Redness, swelling, and pain are all signs of cellulitis (Sutherland & Parent, 2017). Erythema must be present in order to make the diagnosis. The location and nature of broken skin should also be assessed. For cellulitis to be diagnosed, the patient’s skin must be checked for micro-abrasions resulting from insect bites (Brown & Watson, 2022). Lower limbs are commonly affected. Brant’s positioning and movement should be adjusted. To reduce swelling in the areas facing downward, Brant’s feet and arms should be propped up on cushions while he lays on his back (Zariquiey-Esteva & Santa-Candela, 2017). If Brant stands for a long time, speedy blood flow to the heart may be hindered, which could cause low blood pressure. Brant may also need to be placed on his side in the recovery position, particularly whenever he feels nauseated or feels like vomiting. From the assessment, he feels nauseated and weak and has vomited on numerous occasions (Zariquiey-Esteva & Santa-Candela, 2017). This will help avoid low blood pressure. When germs break through the skin, “cytokines” and “neutrophils” are released into the bloodstream to fight them off. This causes cellulitis, which is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain (Brown & Watson, 2022, para 5). This appears to have been the case for Brant. He was bitten by a mosquito, which broke his skin, allowing bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes) to penetrate the area. An outbreak of redness and swelling occurred when “cytokines and neutrophils” were drawn to the area of the skin to fight against the bacteria (Brown & Watson, 2022, para 5). The leucocyte count increased to 15. This is outside of the reference range (4.0–11.0). An excessive immune reaction to an acute inflammation and parasite infection is likely to have induced increased leucocyte levels (Agnello et al., 2021). An increase in leucocyte count is a normal response to infection or inflammation in the bone marrow. Venous blood lactate (4) is also above the reference range (1.3). Blood lactate concentrations in healthy individuals are generally modest (Asati et al., 2018). This could indicate that Brant’s condition has escalated to tissue hypoxia (Agnello et al., 2021). Extensive exposure to hypoxia damages tissue, leading to death. The hemoglobin count (189) is above the normal range (140-164). This should not be the case. In sepsis, hemoglobin count decreases due to a functional iron deficit, which is also caused by the infected area’s decreased production of hemopoietin (Agnello et al., 2021). Normally, inflammation inhibits RBC production, leading to decreased hemoglobin. Plasma potassium increased to 7.0. This is beyond the ordinary reference range (3.5-5.2 mEq/L), even in cases of bacterial infection. It could indicate that Brant’s condition could be critical, as the infection may have led to hyperkalemia (extreme levels of potassium) (Tongyoo et al., 2018). Hence, Brant needs immediate medical attention. References Agnello, L., Giglio, R. V., Bivona, G., Scazzone, C., Gambino, C. M., Iacona, A., Ciaccio, A. M., Lo Sasso, B., & Ciaccio, M. (2021). The value of a complete blood count (CBC) for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Diagnostics, 11 (10), 1881. Web. Asati, A., Gupta, R. & Behera, D. (2018). To determine blood lactate levels in patients with sepsis admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit and to correlate with their hospital outcomes. Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, 4 (2), 1-12. Bennett, S., S., Harris, N., Chaffin, J. & Beal, S. (2020). Educational case: Hematologic and immunologic response to allergic rhinitis with other causes of leukocytosis. Academic Pathology, 7 , 1-5. Brown, B. & Watson, K. (2022). Cellulitis. StatPearls Publishing. Web. Sutherland, M. & Parent, A. (2017). Cellulitis: Assessment, diagnosis and management. Dermatological Nursing, 16 (4), 24-28. Web. Tongyoo, S., Viarasilpa, T. & Permikul, C. (2018). Serum potassium levels and outcomes in critically ill patients in the medical intensive care unit. Journal of International Medical Research, 46 (3), 1254–1262. Web. Zariquiey-Esteva, G. & Santa-Candela, P. (2017). A case report: Nursing interventions on a patient with anaphylactic shock in ICU. Enfermería Intensiva, 28 (2), 80-91.

ESSAY: Change Theories: Influencing Change in Nursing Essay One of the distinct characteristics of the nursing craft is the professionals’ need to constantly adapt to the dynamic environment of health care service and approaches to patient care. In order to facilitate this process, researchers have identified a series of change theories that seek to systematize the experience of implementing new practices (Udod & Wagner, 2018). The two most widespread theories of change in the nursing practice are Lewin’s change theory and Roger’s five-step theory. In Lewin’s framework, the change process undergoes three major stages: unfreezing, change proper, and refreezing (Udod & Wagner, 2018). Thus, according to this framework, in order to introduce change, the team needs to acknowledge the existing workflow and “unfreeze” this system, actively participate in implementing change and new functional patterns, and, finally, make the change a new generally accepted standard. Unlike Lewin’s approach, Roger’s model is more oriented towards the staff’s response and acceptance of the change through the gradual shifting process. Indeed, this five-step model implies exhaustive preliminary research, gathering staff’s feedback, conducting a pilot study, and actually implementing the change proposal (Udod & Wagner, 2018). Hence, it may be concluded that while Lewin’s model addresses mostly the implementation of the evidence-proven modifications, the five-step model is designed to prove the suggested change beneficial to the clinical environment. When speaking of the change proposal for the capstone project, Roger’s approach to change implementation is more appropriate. Considering the fact that the project seeks to justify the hypothesis of the EBP training’s positive impact on nurses’ self-esteem and patient satisfaction, the data collected from the intervention will be crucial for further implementation of this change to nursing practice. This theory has also been proven advantageous by the preceptor, as she has successfully integrated changes into the staff’s scheduling patterns using Roger’s model. Reference Udod, S., & Wagner, J. (2018). Common change theories and application to different nursing situations. In Leadership and influencing change in nursing (ed. by J. Wagner, pp. 228-254). University of Regina Press.

ESSAY: Chapters 12-13 of Worlds Together, Worlds Apart by Rosenberg et al. Essay Chapter 12 describes the events of the colonization of the Americas in 1450-1600, including the conquest of the southern continent and the types of trade that affected Asia, Africa, and Europe. The chapter begins by explaining why the more active and aggressive empires, the Ottoman and Chinese, were not involved in the colonization of the lands in South and North America (Adelman et al., 2015, p. 475). The authors note that the peoples of many Asian countries for centuries had only a vague idea of the scope and importance of Columbus’ discovery. This discovery, through increased trade and interaction between peoples, changed the borders of states on new continents and the ways of life of the inhabitants of European, African, and Asian countries. Interestingly, China had a particular role in international relationships as a country whose population was one-third of the world. It is noted that the expansion to the west was partly an experiment, resulting in the concepts of the New and Old Worlds. Afterward, the control of information from various parts of the world has become a source of political power (Adelman et al., 2015, p. 478). It is also described how the Ottoman Empire, which had already conquered Byzantium, the Balkans, and cut in the Venecians’ empire, conquered Syria and Egypt in 1516-1517. The Ottoman Empire failed to conquer Iran when faced with the Safavid, who established a Shia state on the Iranian plateau. Notably, the subsequent plans of the Ottoman Empire to conquer Europe coincided with the Protestant movement led by Martin Luther. The authors also discuss the presence of the Portuguese in Africa and Asia in the context of the ‘clash’ of the continents. Key topics include navigation and military advances, sugar and slavery, commerce and conquest in the Indian Ocean, and the conquered Atlantic world. Chapter 13 discusses the further mingling of relationships between the New and Old Worlds, China, Africa, and Europe. The emergence of the mercantilism concept in global commerce is given special attention. Europeans see mercantilism as an understanding that valuable resources such as gold and silver are limited in the world as a whole and the desire to get these resources into their treasury. After the Spaniards seized most of the gold and silver in South America, other European countries tried to obtain these resources by selling cash crops like tobacco and sugar and through government-sanctioned pirate attacks on merchant ships (Adelman et al., 2015, p. 520). Further, the authors describe the Little Ice Age in the 17th century, when a cold snap and drought caused reforestation after the extinction of millions of cities in South America as a result of diseases introduced by the Spaniards (Adelman et al., 2015, p. 524). Then, the expansion in North America is described, including the settlement of the first states by Europeans on the Atlantic coast. The comparative perspectives on climate change in the Ottoman and Ming empires are equally interesting. In these empires, the Little Ice Age caused severe rebellion and unrest among the peasants who faced famine. The cold hit the eastern Mediterranean parts of the Ottoman Empire the hardest, where the situation was additionally destabilized by the import of New World silver leading to inflation. What started as unrest in Anatolia province eventually led to the end of the Ottoman Empire, which never restored its power and influence, although the uprising was followed by a prosperous period in the late seventeen’s century. The weakening of the state prompted Egypt, Syria, and other Arab provinces to assert autonomy. The Little Ice Age was deadly for the Ming dynasty, which did not survive and was later replaced by the Qing dynasty. In Beijing, an estimated 300,000 citizens perished from hunger; food shortages pushed the Manchu to China, adding to destabilization (Adelman et al., 2015, p. 537). Eventually, the charismatic rebellion leader Li Zicheng seized Beijing in 1644. The New World silver undermined the Chinese economy, with the peasants bearing the heaviest burden. Reference Rosenberg, C. D., Tignor, R. L., Adelman, J., Aron, S., Brown, P., Elman, B. A., & Tsin, M. T. W. (2015). Worlds together, worlds apart . WW Norton.

ESSAY: Chapters 9-10 of Women in World History by Hughes Essay Chapter 9 The two main concepts in chapter 9 of “Women in World History” are gender roles and feminism. Gender Roles Gender roles (GR) are societal roles allocated to each sex, regardless of whether they are masculine or feminine. GR is learned early on in a person’s life through a process known as gender socialization. Women have been assigned feminine roles over time, which has limited women’s opportunities in society. The Turkmen women were engaged in nomadic carpet making from the comfort of their own homes (Hughes & Hughes, 1997). While men were transporting products out of the family tents, women were responsible for activities within and around the shelters. Young women who had not yet given birth to their first children wove for twelve hours a day while older women looked after the house. In the twentieth century, carpet weaving became a primary industry in Iran, as it was in high demand in other western societies. Generally, the book outlines how the division of labor made the females handle household chores and males travel and be involved in business transactions. Feminism Feminism is a phrase used to describe a western ideology that advocates for women’s rights based on political and socioeconomic equality. However, feminism’s definition and goal have evolved to include and recognize the interests of males as well. According to Hughes and Hughes (1997), feminism emerged alongside Middle Eastern nationalist movements in Western countries, motivated by European ideas of women’s education, gender equality, individualism, and pride and contempt for Islamic societies. As a result of growing international trade pushed by the railway and the Suez Canal, many women experienced life changes. Ultimately, When the Islamic Republic was established, the leadership began amending legislation concerning women’s newly acquired rights. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 of the book mainly discusses the impact of British rule on Indian women. Gender Division and Feminism This part, like Chapter 9, covers gender roles; however, it focuses on Indian women in this context. The British came to India to develop their trade and increase their profits. The British colonial government began an educational program to prepare men to work as clerks in the civil service. Women were in charge of domestic chores and the planning and coordination of family gatherings. Westerners had debated on the treatment of women to rationalize their conquests of Asians and Africans. Some conserved leaders publicly mocked feminism, comparing it to western equitable demands. Ultimately, nationalists responded with a program of liberal reforms for women, which required a feminist perspective to alter the lives of Indian spouses. Women Seclusion (Purdah) According to Hughes and Hughes (1997), “purdah” was a term used to refer to seclusion and entailed women being separated from society, especially in Islamic culture. The Indian National Congress, a nationalist organization, argued that women should own land and live in nuclear families rather than isolated dwellings. Women in purdah were forced to come out and participate fully in modern-day public events. Indian women were freed from societal restraints, not British colonial power. Poverty and Literacy Dalit women were among the poorest in India, with a high percentage of illiteracy. Discrimination made it more difficult for them to get above poverty, while the ongoing political discussion aggravated the issue of educational and employment protection. Instead of being considered human beings, males have viewed women as sexual objects. They have been repressed for a long time, making it difficult to make significant life adjustments. Reference Hughes, S. S., & Hughes, B. (1997). Women in world history: V.2: Readings from prehistory to 1500 . Routledge.

ESSAY: Character Analysis in Movie “Girl, Interrupted” Essay The 1999 movie Girl, Interrupted presented life in a psychiatric hospital from the perspective of its patients. The main character is Susanna Kaysen, a girl who has graduated from high school, decided not to go to college and attempted suicide. The last incident became the reason why her parents sent her to a mental institution, where she was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. The way Susanna was portrayed in the movie using lighting, music, external and internal factors, messages, and relationships with others presented her as a teenager with a severe but not hopeless psychiatric condition. The protagonist is a beautiful thin girl with short hair, pale skin, and a unique sense of style. As the plot reveals, Susanna is talented in writing, painting, and music. However, this framing was created in the movie to demonstrate that even individuals like Susanna may struggle with multiple emotional issues, including low self-esteem, nonadherence to societal rules, and anxiety. Still, some elements of this character’s appearance suggest that the girl is sad and anxious. Specifically, her eyes rarely express happiness, especially at the film’s beginning. Lighting was also a critical element in Girl, Interrupted , but it was not used to highlight one character. Indeed, during night or day, the light was shed on those involved in a particular conversation or silent scene rather than on one character. This technique probably was used to show that even though this story was mainly about Susanna, she was a small part of this world, where people self-harm, starve themselves, lie to others, and be violent. Music in Girl, Interrupted is primarily depressing to reveal the protagonist’s state of mind. Susanna’s conversations with therapists always accompany the clock ticking, which usually means that the character is in danger. In this case, the girl is haunted by her mind, several months or weeks from harming herself again. Although most of Susanna’s communication does not have musical framing, there is dramatic music when she makes crucial statements and decisions about her future. The film’s editing was made to represent Susanna’s unease about her memories and thoughts. The story’s timeline is not linear but goes backward to show the girl’s flashbacks about difficult moments in her life. Moreover, the movie starts with one of the final and pivotal situations where the main character sits in darkness with other patients. It changes to the scene when doctors try to save her life after her suicide attempt when she claims her bones have disappeared. This transition wanted to demonstrate that Susanna was unsure if she was sane or crazy. The movie creators used exterior and interior factors to build the character. For instance, although Susanna, an unconventional and dramatic name, is beautiful, her appearance, attitude, and behavior suggest that this teenage girl may have emotional problems. Indeed, she looks anxious around people and wants to make herself invisible by putting more powder on her face to make it paler and wearing clothes that can maximally cover her body. Susanna’s inner world revolves only around drawing and writing about random situations without any specific purpose. Still, her relationships with Lisa reveal that the main character is lost, but she is against cruelty. Even though her interaction with Lisa initially made her violent and rude, Susanna later realizes that she does not plan to stay in the hospital forever. Thus, her final message was that she wanted to be a part of the ordinary world despite its ambiguity, which set her path to recovery. In summary, Girl, Interrupted is not only a movie about psychiatric patients but also the story of a teenage girl who struggled to find her place in the world. Susanna was a beautiful and talented but anxious young woman. Her framing, interaction with other characters, and the film’s editing were made in such a way to show that the protagonist was aware of her mental issues. However, only true acceptance of these problems allowed her to recover.

ESSAY: Characteristics of Flawed Leaders in Business Essay It is necessary to fully understand the fundamental difference between the concepts of a leader and a regular employee in any field. While the head of the company is most often focused on the internal financial processes, a good leader understands the paramount importance of employees in any enterprise. The ideal leader sees the potential in every person and helps them develop to the maximum while working with them in the same direction instead of putting pressure. The policy of actions of flawed leaders can lead to more than unpleasant consequences for all sides of any business. Unfortunately, imperfect leaders in our time can be found a lot in any field. Bad experiences can happen on any level, from personal to global. It is particularly difficult to single out a specific person without personal experience and hard evidence, but statistics show an extremely high proportion of unscrupulous people in high positions. According to available data, the owner of Ali Express online retailer, Jack Ma, can be cited as an example. Plenty of evidence suggests that most of the items available to order are made by underage children from the poorest parts of the world. With the tacit consent of Jack Ma, many thousands of people are being exploited for minimal pay and terrible living conditions. It is an example of a person who is not only a bad leader but intentionally contributes to the violation of human rights. One of the biggest problems, in this case, is the lack of empathy and humanism. A bad leader always looks at people through the prism of a solid resource and cheap labor. It is difficult for an imperfect leader to hear and understand a person’s intentions through the prism of ignorance and selfishness. It is the absolute wrong approach, leading to nothing but a dead end. However, it should be noted that any statement in this vein is a serious accusation and requires additional thorough collection and analysis of data. The exploitation of people in any level of relationship, from business to politics, cannot lead to a successful and fulfilled conclusion. The best people and professionals will not tolerate such an attitude and quickly find a replacement with better conditions. The main mistake of many leaders in any business is an overly egocentric picture of the world and a tendency to immoral exploitation of people’s resources.

ESSAY: Characterization in Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri Essay Most writers rely on their stories’ pivotal points to fully develop particular characters. The readers gain a vivid picture of the genuine nature of the characters by narrating their interactions with others, discussions, and actions. The authors use this methodology to bring their characters to life in their stories. Mr. Kapasi, the driver who also performs the role of a tour guide for the Das family, is divulged more via his interlinkages with Mrs. Das than any other personas in Jhumpa Lahiri’s short novel Interpreter of Maladies . In his late forties, Mr. Kapasi, a brilliant Indian man who has lost romantic values in his marriage, is the protagonist of this short narrative told in limited omniscience. Mr. Kapasi is precise in his physical appearance and possesses several qualities such as observance, hard work, modesty, dependability, and intelligence. He is well-educated, works two jobs that need him to employ his linguistic skills, and goes through life without his wife’s affection. He’s quick to point out the parallels and contrasts between tourists and himself. As a result, the paper looks at how Lahiri portrays Mr. Kapasi through his relationships with Mrs. Das and the story’s indirect depiction of Mrs. Das. It is revealed how Mr. Kapasi views himself and his love life through their connection and communication. For example, he regards his marriage as a failure and aspires to more romantic life. To do something about it, he creates a fantasy in which he imagines himself in an intimate relationship with Mrs. Das, who he believes is suffering from the same issues. His wife has alienated him and disapproves of his second job as a doctor’s interpreter, as seen by their interactions. His wife seemed preoccupied with their son’s death, which occurred at the hospital where Mr. Kapasi works as an interpreter. Mrs. Das has similar feelings as the protagonist. She is also stuck in a loveless relationship. Mr. Kapasi fantasizes about probable similarities between himself and Mrs. Das initially, but when he learns more about Mrs. Das’s personality, he is disappointed. He chooses closeness between them as a token of his gratitude for Mrs. Das’s kindred spirit in describing his job as ‘romantic,’ believing that it is the only way suitable to escape his loneliness. Although his attitude does not substitute when he discovers that the woman is not the one he envisages in his delusion, this conversation demonstrates his grateful and empathetic character. It occurs after she tells him about her adulterous affair with her husband’s buddy, through which she produced a son. “Is it agony you’re feeling, Mrs. Das, or is it guilt?” he wonders after hearing her narrative of unfaithfulness (Lahiri 120). This inquiry expresses his sorrow for Mr. Das once he discovers how evil the woman he had thought was good has turned out to be. Mr. Kapasi realizes that he has exaggerated the depth of his troubles with his wife after listening to Mrs. Das’ confession. He realizes that considerably deteriorated cases could have made him perceive even worse than he does now if they had transpired to him. Mr. Kapasi appears to have no genuine experience in comprehending people, regardless of his faculty, to elucidate some health and related concerns for many individuals, as seen by his wife’s incorrect view of the woman he once dreamed of.Mr. Kapasi’s character would not have been revealed explicitly without Mrs. Das in the short story Interpreter of Maladies. The other characters he meets and interacts with are unconcerned about his safety. They treat him as if he were a second-class citizen, exactly like they treat each other. Mr. Das, for example, is unconcerned about Mr. Kapasi because they have never met. As a result, it is feasible to conclude that Mrs. Das’ character is crucial since she aids in revealing and displaying Mr. Kapasi’s actual personality, which would otherwise stay underdeveloped if she had not appeared. Mrs. Das is a catalyst for story development and a medium for societal commentary in Jhumpa Lahiri’s intricately gorgeous novel The Interpreter of Maladies. Mrs. Das is a direct cultural contrast to Mr. Kapasi through her indirect portrayal, propelling the plot while providing sad social commentary. The Das family meets Mr. Kapasi as they prepare for their journey through India. It is noted that Mr. Kapasi thought it weird that “Mr. Das should refer to his wife by her first name when speaking to the small girl” (Lahiri 30). It is instantly evident that there is a cultural divide between Kapasi and the Das family. When “Mr. and Mrs. Das behaved like an elder brother and sister, not parents, the cultural divide becomes evident” (Lahiri 56). As in the case of Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasi, such stark contrasts often pique people’s interest. Mrs. Das represents an unknown land to Mr. Kapasi. Mr. Kapasi’s adoration for Mrs. Das develops as the novel unfolds, and he finds himself staring at her, appreciating her legs, and yearning to be with her. The cultural difference between Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasi distinguishes this fling from others and adds to its intrigue (thereby carrying the story forward). Mr. Kapasi, on the one hand, is a poor, down-on-his-luck Indian who works as a translator and tour guide. Mrs. Das, on the other hand, appears to live in style. She does not live in reality: she’s unhappy because she lives a life of irresponsibility, shallowness, superficiality, and an unhealthy sense of calm. Mrs. Das also embodies conventional American characteristics such as self-centeredness, ethnocentrism, carelessness, and a disregard for the outside world. It is revealed through her portrayal as she did not hold the small girl’s hand as they headed to the restroom,” we get our first impression of Mrs. Das. Mr. Kapasi has a solid basis for evaluating the family as many siblings because Mrs. Das does not concern about her children’s safety. “He couldn’t believe Mr. and Mrs. Das were in charge of anything else” (Lahiri 160). Mrs. Das’s self-absorbed personality reveals her disinterest in Mr. Kapasi, her family, and the trip; hence, Mrs. Das’s enthusiasm for Mr. Kapasi’s employment as a language interpreter is surprising. Mrs. Das compliments Mr. Kapasi by saying his employment is “very romantic” as he briefly explains the job he considers trivial (Lahiri 161). The remarks of Mrs. Das affect Mr. Kapasi, who has a misconstruing mentality, and his mind begins to magnify the expression. In conclusion, the details of the character’s personalities, the author enable the reader to understand the character. Moreover, the writer shows how the characters view certain subjects through their response to different events. The theme of love and marriage has been reflected in-between character characterization from the narrative. Their personalities, such as Mrs.das being self-centered and Mr. Kapsi’s evolution as a sympathetic character, are well developed. Through both characters, marriage has become an underage issue to be taken into interest. Their characterization has also enabled the story’s development relating to societal issues affecting us. Work Cited Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies . HarperCollins Publishers India, 2017. pp.1-198.

ESSAY: Characters in the Odyssey: Athena, Poseidon, and Polyphemus Essay Throughout the odyssey, Odysseus encounters several unique characters who have distinct stories and interact with the main character in their specific way. The mythological aspects of the main characters and their significance for Odysseus are essential for understanding the poem. In the epic poem The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus encounters Athena, Poseidon and Polyphemus are surrounded by unique myths and occupy a distinct place in Odysseus’ journey. While Athena and Poseidon are gods, Polyphemus is a Cyclops encountered by Odysseus. Considering the contrasting origin of these characters, Athena and Poseidon are well-known for their divine powers; Polyphemus, on the other hand, is known for his leadership over the Cyclops and being the son of Poseidon. Odysseus first meets Athena disguised as a little girl; in contrast, Poseidon’s first encounter with Odysseus occurs when the god attempts to avenge Polyphemus, who was killed by the protagonist on the island of the Cyclopes. Although Odysseus interacts with several gods throughout his path, the goddess Athena remains particularly important due to her position as the hero’s patron. Athena has always protected the protagonist from danger, ensuring his successful journey. For instance, when talking to Athena, Odysseus says: “Stand by me—furious now as then, my bright-eyed one— / and I would fight three hundred men, great goddess” (Homer 224). From this perspective, the goddess shares a unique relationship with the protagonist and is vital for Odysseus’s path. Another God whom Odysseus encounters on his journey is Poseidon, the god of the seas. However, Odysseus and Poseidon share a drastically contrasting relationship, with Poseidon demonstrating tremendous wrath towards the protagonist, who blinded the god’s son. As such, Poseidon says to Odysseus: “I’ll give that man his swamping fill of trouble!” and “With that he rammed the clouds together—both hands / clutching his trident—churned the waves into chaos” (Homer 86). By doing so, Poseidon attempted to hinder the hero’s journey, which is one of the numerous examples of the god’s critical role in Odysseus’ path. Finally, Polyphemus attempted to harm the hero and his companions; however, Odysseus succeeds at tricking the cyclops. Polyphemus said to that “‘Nobody, friends’[…] / ‘Nobody’s killing me now by fraud and not by force’” (Homer 149), which prevented Polyphemus from receiving help from his friends. Thus, the encounter with Polyphemus serves as an example of Odysseus’ wit and is an essential moment in The Odyssey. Work Cited Homer. (1997). The Odyssey. Translated By Robert Fagles . Penguin.

ESSAY: Charles Schwab Brokerage Account Agreement Essay Developing a contract so that all parties involved could be aware of their obligations and meet them accordingly is one of the vital tasks for an organization. Charles Schwab, an organization offering banking and brokerage services, has developed a contract for its users to sign so that both parties could meet the respective requirements (Reder et al., 2021). For their collaboration. Since the contract in question contains the essential components of a legal agreement, it can be considered viable. Starting with the key definitions of the foundational concepts on which the agreement is based, Schwab’s contract establishes the offer, acceptance, and legality terms from the start exceptionally clearly. The specified clarity and transparency benefit the company and its customers, promoting immediate trust and cooperation (Templin, 2017). Remarkably, Schwab also provides a robust basis for the consideration element of the agreement. Namely, the contract outlines the legal issues associated with the disbursement process, as well as the associated trading concerns (“Schwab account agreement,” 2022). Outlining that Schwab is not responsible for tracking the trading process, the contract sets the key responsibilities and relations between the parties completely clearly. Incorporating the primary components of a legal contract, the brokerage agreement created by Schwab offers its customers a chance to familiarize themselves closely with the services that they will obtain and the responsibilities that they have. Similarly, the contract outlines the crucial responsibilities of Schwab, thus, creating a basis for cooperation and the successful delivery of the end product to the customer. Overall, Schwab’s approach to contract development can be considered a prime example of how a contract should be structured due to the close focus on key issues and the clear delineation of all parties’ roles and rights. References Reder, M. E. K., Chang, K. K., Melvin, S. M., & Darrow, J. J. (2021). Business law for entrepreneurs . Edward Elgar Publishing. Schwab account agreement . (2022). Schwab.com . Templin, B. (2017). Contracts: A modern coursebook . Wolters Kluwer.

ESSAY: Chemical Processes: The Diels-Alder Reaction Essay In the academic environment of chemical processes, named reactions are of particular importance because they are of applied value or solve problems of intergroup transition between compounds. Among the named processes, the Diels-Alder reaction, or diene synthesis, traditionally used to produce stereospecific six-membered carbon cycles with multiple bonds, is of excellent research popularity. Two types of reagents are used for this reaction, one being a conjugated diene and the other a dienophile. As a dienophile can be used, any substances with π-bond, including alkenes or acetylenes with activating electron acceptor groups, and diene must meet the requirements of chemical stability, conjugation of bonds, and the ability to take s-cis configuration. When they interact, the electron density is redistributed with the formation of single multiple bonds with a six-membered cycle. The double name of this reaction is due to the history of its creation. In 1927, the process was patented by German organic chemists Otto Diels and Kurt Alder (Diels & Alder, 1927). Since the synthesis of six-membered homocyclic has applications in organic chemistry, including the possibility of using them to produce aromatic rings, Diels and Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize for their development in 1950. Since then, the possibilities of diene synthesis have expanded significantly; this includes the possibility of obtaining bicyclic compounds if cyclic dienes were used as raw materials. However, the basis has remained unchanged; namely, the addition of a dienophile to a diene by 2,4-conjugation allows the preparation of non-aromatic homocyclic with one multiple bonds in them. Initially, an intermediate compound with unstably separated multiple bonds is formed, which stabilizes over time into a stable homocycle. The exothermic reaction is carried out without additional reagents in an inert solvent at low temperatures, which is an additional advantage in terms of its practical implementation in the laboratory. Procedure For the present diene synthesis reaction, butadiene sulfone was used to produce a conjugated diene system when heated. The use of butadiene-1,3 instead of butadiene sulfone was complicated by the gaseous state of the diene, which made the process technically challenging to implement. Thermal decomposition of solid butadiene sulfone was carried out to produce toxic sulfur dioxide and butadiene-1,3. The sulfur dioxide was captured with water since using only a fume hood would result in air contamination. Thus, 2.29 g of butadiene sulfone was added to 1.22 g of finely dispersed maleic anhydride in a heat-resistant 50-milliliter flask. Both substances were dissolved in inert xylene (3.0 mL), and a boiling stone was used to stabilize the boiling process. A reflux condenser was hermetically attached to the opening of the flask, and all potential gaps were sealed with a rubber baffle on top, according to Figure 1 below. Several wet paper towels were additionally attached to the beaker to trap the toxic sulfur dioxide vapors. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the used setup for diene synthesis. The installed reflux system was slowly heated for 30 minutes, and the cyclohex-4-ene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride released during this process remained in the round-bottom flask. After a five-minute cooling down after the completion of heating, the process was repeated but with 5 mL of distilled water added to the round-bottom flask. After 30 minutes of repeated heating, the mixture was cooled, and the synthesized crystals were collected by vacuum filtration with 2×2 portions of ice water. The cyclohex-4-ene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic acid crystals were dried and analytically weighed to determine their exact mass for further analysis. If the crystals were not distinguishable after the reheating procedure, the addition of a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid should have catalyzed the process. Reference O. Diels and K. Alder, Brit. Pat. 300130 (1927).

ESSAY: Chernobyl Nuclear Plant Disaster: Primary and Secondary Sources Research Paper Differences between primary and secondary sources Primary sources are the ones providing first-hand evidence on the events or phenomena that one is studying. Such sources include diaries, photographs, video and audio recordings, interview transcripts, works of art, statistical data, and others. All of these types of sources give the researcher a possibility to learn about the investigated matter directly by observing it or reading/listening about it from first-hand witnesses. In case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant Disaster, the most relevant primary sources include reports, documents, and local newspapers of that time, photographs, and interviews of witnesses. By using such resources, one can obtain the possibility to learn unbiased facts and obtain the most relevant information about the event or phenomenon under investigation. Moreover, when analyzing primary sources, the researcher can become immersed in the atmosphere in which the object of investigation existed and the circumstances under which it developed. For instance, for historians and archeologists, such primary sources as ancient fossils or some tribes’ belongings serve both as sources of information and inspiration. On the other hand, for someone analyzing a political or environmental issue, reports and pertinent news releases will be helpful sources of reliable data. Meanwhile, secondary sources offer second-hand information and analyses from other researchers. Secondary sources include books, reviews, and scholarly articles investigating the subject of research. By analyzing secondary sources, one can get a deeper understanding of both the analyzed phenomenon and the primary sources. While primary sources offer a first-hand view of the situation, secondary ones enable the researcher to synthesize the material on the topic. Explain why it is important to consult a variety of sources when conducting historical research Both types of sources are crucial in research since they complement each other. Whereas primary sources offer credible evidence, secondary sources provide additional information and valuable synthesis. However, even when one possesses a primary and a secondary source, it is not enough for completing a thorough research endeavor. One needs much more than a few sources, however credible they might be. It is of utmost importance to consult a variety of sources when conducting historical research since in each new source, valuable additional evidence can be found. Also, when the same data occurs in several sources, its credibility increases. At the same time, the presence of different pieces of information gives the researcher food for thought and allows posing new questions and seeking new answers. That is why the more sources one has at one’s disposal, the better. It is crucial to consult not only a wide range of sources but also different types of them since authors of articles and books, for instance, have divergent approaches to synthesizing data.

ESSAY: Chesapeake Colonies and Development of Slavery Essay The development of the Chesapeake colonies is a bright example of how slavery became one of the integral parts of societies existing on these lands. The necessity to grow specific crops and use them to earn money and survive resulted in the constantly growing demand for the workforce. However, the practice of using indentured servants was ineffective because of the end date of their contracts. It meant that new sources of people to work on fields and plantations were needed. The resolution of the given problem was a matter of survival, as the inability to raise crops would mean death for the whole community (Kidd, 2019). Under these conditions, the development of slavery was inevitable as people stripped of their rights could be used to perform diverse tasks, and the term of exploitation was not limited. It created the basis for the evolution of slavery which became one of the fundamental institutions functioning on these lands. At the same time, the example of the Middle colonies proves that the enslavement of people and their use as a cheap workforce was inevitable. Although the pacific principles of Quakerism dominated these lands at the first stages of their evolution, settlers still needed people to perform complex tasks and support the evolution of colonies. Regarding the limited number of arriving settlers, slavery became the possible option to compensate for the deficit and create the basis for future expansion. The given trend was similar to the Middle and Chesapeake colonies, proving specific attitudes to slavery peculiar to people of that period (Huntley, 2019). They were ready to promote further evolution of this institution as the central way to support the development of the agricultural sector critical for survival and enrichment. References Huntley, D. (2019). America’s forgotten colonial history (7 th ed.). Lyons Press. Kidd, T. (2019). American history . B&H Academic.

ESSAY: Chickenpox Virus: Classification, Symptoms, and Statistics Essay Table of Contents 1. Classification 2. Infection 3. Symptoms 4. Forms of Chickenpox 5. Stopping the Reproduction of the Virus 6. Statistics of the Virus 7. Works Cited Classification According to Gabutti et al., the causative agent of chickenpox, the Varicella-Zoster virus, belongs to the 3rd type of viruses from the Herpesviridae family, a subfamily of type 3 α-viruses, and contains DNA. It has the shape of an icosahedral capsid (shaped like spheres). Gerada et al. assert that the size of the virion reaches 150-200 nm in diameter. It is similar in properties to the herpes simplex virus and is indistinguishable from the causative agent of herpes zoster. The virus’s outer shell contains a double layer of lipids and is a derivative of the nuclear envelope of the host cell. Between the capsid and the outer shell of the virus are matrix proteins. Infection This virus does not have its apparatus for the synthesis of organic molecules. Therefore, for self-replication, it uses the resources of the host cell. The primary target cells are the mucoepithelia (Gabutti et al. 16). In turn, the main location of latency is the sensory and cranial ganglia. The penetration of the varicella-zoster virus into the cell occurs by the interaction of the virus with receptors on the cell membrane. Connecting to the receptor, the virus loses part of its shells, moving to the cell nucleus. In the nucleus, the actual reproduction of the virus occurs – DNA replication. One cell produces several million viruses. After the assembly of new DNA, the synthesis of virus shells occurs – the nucleocapsid, tegument, and supercapsid. To build them, the virus uses the membrane of the nucleus of the affected cell, violating its integrity. Due to damage, the cell fills with fluid and soon dies. Thus, the virus infects the nuclei of cells with the formation of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and can cause the formation of giant multinucleated cells. Symptoms The disease usually begins acutely with fever and rash on the skin, scalp, and mucous membranes. Kennedy and Gershon note that sometimes the disease begins with a short prodrome, manifested with subfebrile temperature and deterioration of health. The rash occurs within 3-4 days, sometimes longer. The primary element of the rash is a small spot or papule, which very quickly, after a few hours, turns into a vesicle with hyperemia around it. Since chickenpox rashes do not appear all at once but at intervals of 1-2 days, elements of rashes at different stages of development can be simultaneously seen on the skin. Forms of Chickenpox According to Kennedy and Gershon, there are three typical forms of chickenpox. With a mild form, the general condition of the patient is satisfactory. The temperature is sometimes normal but more often subfebrile, rarely exceeds 38 °C. Rashes on the skin are not abundant, on the mucous membranes – in the form of single elements. The duration of the rash is 2-4 days. The moderate form is characterized by slight intoxication, fever, rather abundant rashes, and itching. The duration of the rash is 4-5 days. The temperature normalizes as the vesicles dry up and the patient’s well-being improves. The severe form is characterized by a profuse rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and genitals. The high temperature, vomiting, lack of appetite, poor sleep, anxiety due to severe itching are observed. The duration of the rash is 7-9 days. Stopping the Reproduction of the Virus For many years, except for immunosuppressed patients, VZV infections have been treated symptomatically with acetaminophen and drugs to relieve itching. Gerada et al. affirm that such methods as calamine lotion, cool baths with baking soda or colloidal oatmeal, and over-the-counter pain medications, including acetaminophen (Tylenol), are used to reduce itching and discomfort. Nowadays, antiviral drugs are widely used, which are effective, well-tolerated, and can be given orally. According to Gabutti et al., these include valaciclovir and famciclovir. Moreover, a doctor may prescribe the Acyclovir (Zovirax) to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms. Acyclovir reduces the rate at which the varicella-zoster virus replicates in the body. Gerada et al. report that adults who took acyclovir within 24 hours of discovering a chickenpox rash experienced less severe symptoms and symptoms that lasted for a shorter time compared to people who did not take acyclovir. Statistics of the Virus The varicella vaccine has been publicly available in the United States since 1996. Before a vaccine was available, about 4 million people developed chickenpox each year in the United States, more than 10,500 of those people were hospitalized, and about 100-150 people died (Gabutti et al. 18). After vaccination, these outbreaks were smaller and shorter in duration. Fewer than 350,000 people contract the disease per year and that fewer than 1,700 hospitalizations and 20 deaths occur each year from chickenpox (Gabutti et al. 18). Most cases associated with the outbreak occurred in unvaccinated people. Notably, in these outbreaks, most vaccinated patients had mild disease. Although the prevalence of the disease has dropped dramatically since the introduction of the varicella vaccine, gaps in vaccination have allowed dangerous and sometimes fatal outbreaks. To prevent future outbreaks, it is critical that the public health community determine the best ways to encourage vaccination and reduce non-vaccination. Works Cited Gabutti, Giovanni et al. “ Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccines: An Update. ” ImmunoTargets and Therapy, vol. 8, 2019, 15-28. Web. Gerada, Chelsea et al. “ Manipulation of the Innate Immune Response by Varicella Zoster Virus. ” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020. Web. Kennedy, Peter G.E., and Anne A. Gershon. “Clinical Features of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection.” Viruses, vol. 10, no. 11, 2018, 609. Web.

ESSAY: Childhood Ear Infection and Determinants of Health Essay Table of Contents 1. A childhood ear infection 2. Determinants of Health 3. Epidemiological Triad 4. Role of the Nurse Practitioner 5. References A childhood ear infection A childhood ear infection is caused by celiac disease, a chronic small intestine enteropathy resulting from exposure to the protein gluten, primarily a component of rye, barley, and wheat. As a result, ear infections are caused by both environmental and genetic factors since they cause celiac disease. A childhood ear infection is mainly caused by early-life antibiotics, age at gluten introduction, and breastfeeding duration (Bittker & Bell, 2019). In addition, ear infections begin when the child has a cold, sore throat, and diverse upper respiratory infections resulting from bacterial or viral infections that spread to the middle ear. An ear infection is scientifically known as otitis media and is more prevalent among children than adults. Out of six children, five have the potential of demonstrating at least one ear infection by the age of three years (NIH, n.d.). Symptoms of childhood ear infections include pain in the ear from the swollen middle ear, sleeping troubles, fever, fluid drains from the ear, balance problems, and hearing troubles. Ear infections are not contagious; however, they are caused by bacteria or viruses that develop in the middle ear, which can be transmitted from person to person. Additionally, they might present complications such as hearing and speech loss, discharge from the ear, lack of body balance, and developmental delay (Hirsch et al., 2021). In addition, these viruses and bacteria might lead to the common cold or flu. Antibiotics, including ear drops, can treat childhood ear infections. However, surgical operations may be required to drain excess fluid from the middle ear in chronic or severe cases. Determinants of Health Determinants of health refer to social, personal, environmental, and economic factors that influence health status. Healthy People 2020 presents the social determinants as education, health and health care, social and community context, built environment, and neighborhood and economic stability. Under the financial stability segment, childhood ear infection risk factors include employment, poverty, housing instability, and food security. The risk is primarily due to the living conditions characterized by poor hygiene, thus enabling bacterial and viral transmission leading to infections. Moreover, education for parents is vital, particularly early childhood education and development, which equips the parents with disease detection, prevention, and control. For example, the mother can recognize the importance of breastfeeding the child through education, thus avoiding ear infections (Bittker & Bell, 2019). Similarly, other risk factors such as smoking would be made known to the mother and enable her safely prevent ear infections in the child. Health and health care act as predominant determinants because they entail health literacy and access to primary care and health care which are vital in preventing the spread of the infection in a child. Access to health facilities promotes health literacy, enabling one to be aware of the risk factors of ear infections and prevention methods in case of an infection. The built environment or the neighborhood entails environmental conditions and housing quality, which are risk factors for ear infections. Environmental conditions characterized by smoking and poor hygiene would lead to the spread of the infection through bacterial and viral elements. Epidemiological Triad The epidemiological triad facilitates understanding of the agent (what), host (who), and environment (where) of the infectious disease. The agent factor in childhood ear infections refers to what causes the infection. These include bacteria and viruses. Childhood ear infections through viral infections often occur when the upper respiratory tract is infected by the respiratory syncytial virus (Wilson M. & Wilson P., 2021). The condition provides a conducive environment for the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Moraxella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenza. Children below the age of three years are prone to viral and bacterial infections due to a lack of breastfeeding and gluten use (Bittker & Bell, 2019). However, older adults and adolescents are more susceptible to smoking and chronic diseases. Ear infections affect humans of any given age; however, it is more prominent in children because humans are the ideal host for ear infections with differentiated causes. Ear infection among adults and older age is mainly attributed to chronic diseases, otosclerosis, smoking, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and sensorineural degeneration relating to age (WHO, 2021). However, in childhood and adolescents, the risk factors are meningitis and diverse infections, accumulation of fluid in the ear, and chronic ear infections. The environmental factors provide the conducive surrounding for the development of the condition. The elements are external forces to the host that permit the disease to be transmitted. The environmental factors for ear infections include poor hygiene and housing conditions that facilitate viral and bacterial transmission. Children under the age of five years are more susceptible to ear infections under environmental factors due to the inability to prevent exposure and the lack of immunity against such factors as poor hygiene (Bittker & Bell, 2019). Hygiene factors influence the spread of bacterial infections resulting in massive infections among children compared to adults and adolescents who have developed immunity against bacterial infections. Role of the Nurse Practitioner The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) provides information on epidemiological diseases to curb misinformation spread by nurses in any case. The process often involves a policy brief where nurses are required to be identified by their profession and thus professionally accountable for the information they issue to the public (NCSBN, 2021). Through the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality of Care, nurses and various healthcare providers are further guided to utilize research findings to improve patient outcomes, thus helping curb the influence of misinformation in practice (Curley, 2019). According to the NCSBN, the nursing practitioner’s role concerning data dissemination of infectious diseases is guided by the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses, where the nurse is held professionally accountable for misinformation. Moreover, the American Association of Nursing Practitioners (AANP) consults with the Center for Disease Control to implement successful interventions against infections (AANP, n.d.). Primary intervention mainly targets disease prevention, and the nurses are advised to professionally provide educative counseling to the most vulnerable targets through health promotional activities. The aim is to provide the population with the various resources and tools designed to keep them informed on the health issue and educate the patient through health promotion as entailed in the Chronic Care Model (Curley, 2019). In secondary infection intervention, nursing practitioners are expected to provide the patient with the utmost treatment through patient engagement. Furthermore, nursing practitioners are obligated by the NCSBN to adhere to the provided code of ethics in patient treatment and service provisions to improve patient outcomes. Moral reasoning is highly applicable to the nursing practitioner concerning tertiary intervention because of the tough lifelong decisions to be made. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model (JHNEBPM) proves vital to nursing practitioners in encouraging them to engage in critical thinking and a framework that guides them in seeking and finding the appropriate evidence to promote patient outcomes (Curley, 2019). Therefore, the nurse is expected to adhere to the code of ethics in undertaking the tertiary intervention to limit adverse effects, prevent disease-related complications, and restore high physical and psychological functioning possible. References American Association of Nursing Practitioners. (n.d.). Clinical resources by therapeutic area . Web. Bittker, S. S., & Bell, K. R. (2019). Potential risk factors for celiac disease in childhood: A case-control epidemiological survey. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology , 12 , 303-319. Web. Curley, A. L. (2019). Population-based nursing: Concepts and competencies for advanced practice (3 rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company. Hirsch, S. D., Elling, C. L., Bootpetch, T. C., Scholes, M. A., Hafrén, L., Streubel, S. O.,… & Santos-Cortez, R. L. P. (2021). The role of CDHR3 in susceptibility to otitis media. Journal of Molecular Medicine , 99 (11), 1571-1583. Web. National Institute of Health. (n.d.). Ear infections in children . Web. National Council of States Board of Nurses. (2021). Leading nursing organizations issue policy brief regarding nurses spreading misinformation about COVID-19 . Web. Wilson, M., & Wilson, P. J. (2021). Middle Ear Infections. In Close Encounters of the Microbial Kind (pp. 233-242). Springer, Cham. Web. World Health Organization. (2021). Deafness and hearing loss . Web.

ESSAY: Chornobyl, the Type-Site of Nuclear Disaster Essay The history of humankind has witnessed several events that significantly affected large areas shared between several countries. One such incident is the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in modern Ukraine (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The accident happened in 1986 and has influenced numerous lives and regions (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The explosion at Chernobyl is a disaster with long-lasting effects that still present threats to the environment and should be remembered by the society around the globe. People’s mistakes have contributed to the nuclear tragedy, which the previous administration attempted to conceal. Chernobyl is located north of the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, and the country is neighboring Russia, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, and Belarus (Mousseau, 2022). The station began to operate in 1977 in the former Soviet Union, and about 14000 people lived in the town before the explosion (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The closest city was Pripyat, with approximately 49000 residents, many of whom were Chernobyl employees and their families (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). A reactor exploded on April 26, 1986, during a safety test, and the incident was due to several reasons, such as human errors, unauthorized manipulations, and design imperfections of the reactor (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The Soviet authorities had tried to hide the occurrence but failed, and the Chernobyl accident later ranked at the maximum classification on the International Nuclear Event Scale (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The fire burned for ten days, and a radioactive plume spread across Europe, with an exclusion zone remaining nearby Chernobyl (Mothersill, 2022). The disaster at Chernobyl has impacted numerous people, especially those who lived nearby. The Chernobyl accident has caused multiple consequences, primarily because of radiation. Radioactive substances significantly contaminated more than 38000 square miles, affecting vital natural objects like the river Pripyat, which was watering the broader area of Kyiv (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The explosion harmed agricultural lands and pine trees and led to the weakening or dying of wild animals (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). According to Naoum and Spyropoulos (2021), domestic animals inside and outside the Soviet Union also showed increased levels of radioactivity in the following years. Moreover, the incident had an intensive human impact, raising the number of people suffering and passing away from cancer and acute radiation sickness (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). Inhabitants from nearby areas have developed mental health issues due to being worried about the risks of radiation exposure (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). Despite little evidence of the accident expanding congenital disabilities, some European countries have detected a higher number of abortions (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The explosion resulted in damaging lives and the local environment. Furthermore, the nuclear power station disaster had political and socioeconomic consequences. After the incident, the international community became distrustful of the Soviet Union, and the explosion is perceived to have facilitated the fall of the Union (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). Several countries, mainly European, have spent resources to inspect the amount of radioactivity in soil, water, and food, while Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia lost lands needed for agricultural and forest production (Naoum & Spyropoulos, 2021). The tragedy at Chernobyl has led to expenditures from governments and geopolitical changes. The territory of the Chernobyl nuclear station remains to be a place of international interest. For several years, the area has attracted scientific expeditions and people interested in visiting sites associated with death, but the situation changed after Russia invaded Ukraine (Mothersill, 2022). According to Mothersill (2022), in the absence of humans, forests grew up in the region that wild animals like wolves, horses, lynxes, and bison started to occupy. However, as Russia entered Ukraine via the Chernobyl exclusion zone, the army brought heavy equipment through contaminated places (Mothersill, 2022; Mousseau, 2022). An environmental threat that such a tactic can cause is the ignition of forest fires, which, worsened by climate change and local dead trees and debris, can result in radioactive fallout (Mousseau, 2022). Such activities as thousands of soldiers passing through, eating, and building campfires near the former nuclear station increase the risk of forest fires (Mousseau, 2022). While radiation in Chernobyl presents relatively fewer hazards, the presence of Russian troops can lead to more environmental issues. To summarize, the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power station was a major event that affected neighboring countries, numerous people, and local flora and fauna. The incident that resulted from human errors also harmed human beings, destroying lives, causing physical and psychological traumas, and contaminating water sources and production lands. Although the accident’s aftermath is still immense, the local environment has begun to flourish with new trees and more wild animals. However, the current political conflict with the Russian army entering Ukraine from the nuclear station’s area can potentially initiate forest fires that can ruin nature. Society has to know about such disasters as the explosion at Chernobyl and its outcomes to understand the need to prevent similar events in the future, preserve the environment, and save lives. References Naoum, S., & Spyropoulos, V. (2021). The nuclear accident at Chernobyl: Immediate and further consequences. Romanian Journal of Military Medicine, 124 (2), 184-190. Mothersill, C. (2022). Russian capture of Ukraine’s Chernobyl nuclear plant threatens future research . Scientific American . Mousseau, T. A. (2022). Why military action in radioactive Chernobyl could be dangerous for people and the environment . PBS NewsHour .

ESSAY: Christian Dior’s Exhibition Review Essay An exhibition is a planned staging and demonstration of selected items such as attires and garments which occur in an educational or cultural setup. It may be carried out in museums, exhibition halls, art galleries, parks, or libraries. All exhibitions are short-term; hence they are scheduled to occur within a set timeframe. For an exhibition to be successful, it has to be assembled and implemented by a team of experts such as the curators whose work is to select items to be displayed and presented. It involves activities such as commercially focused trade fairs and expositions, art in major museums and smaller galleries, and interpretive shows. Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams show scheduled from September 10 th , 2021 to February 20 th , 2022 is an example of a presentation illustrating several aspects of an exhibition. Thesis and Themes of Christian Dior’s Exhibition The exhibition on Christian Dior sightsees the intelligence behind Dior’s theatrical creations that rejuvenated the entire Parisian haute couture industry after the desolation of the Second World War. In 1947, the revolutionary “New Look” and the establishment of the new couture house swept away the manly wartime silhouette, making Christian Dior’s postwar fashions wanted, worn, and imitated by women around the globe (Bowles). Drawn from the Royal Ontario Museum, the Christian Dior fashion design collection is perfected by a dozen attires from the McCord Museum’s fashion, dress, and textiles collection and loans from Dior Heritage, Paris. The exhibition emphasizes on the epoch from 1947 to 1957. It offers a fascinating insight into the inventive process and the mechanism of the Parisian haute couture industry during the 1950s (Bowles). It examines Dior’s luxury textiles, romantic embroideries, and iconic lines that laid the basis for the fashion house’s international success. Presenting magnificent fashions from daytime to sunset attire for grand events, the exhibition invites guests to discover the gorgeous artistry, sophisticated feature, and brilliant luxury designs by the amount from the Golden Age of haute couture. Presented are galleries dedicated to Dior and the creative directors who thrived him: Marc Bohan, Yves Saint Laurent, John Galliano, Gianfranco Ferre, and Raf Simons. A latrine room, an acknowledgment to the Ateliers, and contiguous galleries of tailoring garments display Dior’s petite mains (Bowles). The chief foyer of our Beaux-Arts Court has been restructured as an enthralled garden, and an ending gallery reveals dresses worn by celebrities from Grace Kelly to Jennifer Lawrence. The Brooklyn Museum exhibition of Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams is curated by Denver Art Museum, Florence Muller, Avenir Foundation Curator of Textile Art, and Fashion curate Designer of Dreams, in collaboration with Brooklyn Museum. Installation view, Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams, Brooklyn Museum, September 10th, 2021–February 20th, 2022. (Photo: Here and Now Agency) Description of Displays Guests are correspondingly shown how Dior has been understood through the years. Fashion photography beautifies a room, plus the work of such prominent artists such as Ethan James Green, Irving Penn, Lillian Bassman, Annie Leibovitz, and Horst P. Richard Avedon takes the middle stage in this room, instantaneously displaying the most photos and also the largest. Avedon’s Dovima with Elephants is positioned in the center of the room, to be observed beside a mannequin earring and the same dress that Dovima dressed in the photograph. Unprecedented attention is also given to American photojournalists, who have their hedge to depict how Americans see the brand. Narrative Structure Dior exemplars on show comprise Galliano’s first dress premeditated for the house: the midnight satin and lace lingerie-inspired clothing worn by Diana, Princess of Wales, to join the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Dior reviewing in 1996. Here is the chartreuse satin outfit trimmed in fawn-colored pink that Nicole Kidman wore to the 1997 Academy Awards (Bowles). Raf Simon’s shell pink ballgown that Jeniffer Lawrence sprawled over as she went to claim her 2013 Academy Award. The fashionable diadems throughout the exhibition are by Stephen Jones, who has craftily recommended period hairstyles and replicated archive hat silhouettes, and this final room suggests the character of the specific wearers with twists of ribbon. Exhibition Design The exhibition uses an interesting display method whereby a few rooms offer an understanding of the encryptions of the house and how they play a part in different designs. The 18 th century’s inspiration on the house is given exceptional attention, displaying how the overgenerous dress of the time prejudiced the silhouette and configurations of the designs (Bowles). Raf Simon’s work here markedly differs from his forerunners because he takes encouragement not from ladies’ current dresses but rather from men and dressing representations in traditionally manly coats. Color also plays an important portion in the brand today. Items of all kinds from the house are presented in a color slope that shows how each hue is used in context. An exclusively white room highpoint the work that goes into the garments, while the “toile-the in-process test garments” give an unparalleled insight into the course of couture’s creation (Bowles). Flowers and gardens, which held a special place in Dior’s heart, are given the largest room in the exhibit. Their influence is seen constantly throughout the show and beautiful dresses from the house’s history encircles the visitors, reaching up to the ceiling in front of garden-inspired backdrops. Christian Dior’s exhibit poses relevant question in the fashion study. It asks whether the legacy of its process has led to the progressively narrow and standardized fashion exhibitions that can harm America’s fashionable status through excluding several places and networks that make the State’s fashion culture unique. Installation view, Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams, Brooklyn Museum, September 10th, 2021–February 20th, 2022. (Photo: Here and Now Agency) Work Cited Bowles, Hamish. “Inside ‘Christian Dior: Designer of Dreams at the Brooklyn Museum.” Vogue, 2021, Web.

ESSAY: Christian Faith: Influence on Learning Essay In his writing, Daniel Spanjer claims that the Christian worldview has influenced the study of Liberal Arts. He discusses science and how humans are the products of the world – they are endowed with feeling and thought, which are beyond natural (Spanjer 3). The author differentiates the reasons for learning everything surrounding people and claims that thinkers can answer many questions, either logical or surreal. These people have developed a term worldview “to describe this holistic concept of learning, scholarship, experience and knowledge” (Spanjer 15). Even though sometimes they cannot agree on the solution to the problems, time helps them dissipate false beliefs. The other reading by Brad Green suggests the interconnection of words and faith. In the chapter. When transcendent realities and goals surround a language, it is magnificent, but when transcendence is taken away from it, it falls apart and loses its glory (Green). The word was sent by God to save humanity; He portrayed people through the words (Green). Hence, humans should follow God’s guidelines in the Bible because His sayings are truthful. In case the words are devoid of meaning, the speech is useless. The last reading by Dockery narrates about the Christian faith’s influence on learning. People are encouraged to think in Christian categories in order to sanctify thoughts and beliefs (Dockery 4). It is vital to seek God’s guidance and His calls that help humans contribute to the societal good (Dockery 8). Thoughtful believers are needed to revive faith-centered higher educational institutions because only such people will be able to promote gracious deeds. Hence, Christian worldview is again viewed as foundation of successful education and learning. Works Cited Dockery, David. Faith and Learning: A Handbook for Christian Higher. B&H Publishing Group Nashville, 2012. Green, Bradley G. The Gospel and the Mind: Recovering and Shaping the Intellectual Life . Crossway, 2010. Spanjer, Daniel. Engaging God’s World as Christian Thinkers. Lancaster Bible College, n. d.

ESSAY: Christian Perspective and Postmodern Relativism: The Nature of Spirituality and Ethics Essay Background Both Christianity and postmodern relativism relate to spirituality and its influence on human life. Christianity authors the belief in the existence of a sovereign God who controls everything in the universe, allowing and disallowing life events. The theological and religious prism affects how people perceive God as the all-powerful and eternal one (Lasair, 2020). Christians’ belief systems are based on the concept of God as portrayed in the Holy Bible. They explain the purpose, truth, and meaning of human life, influencing how Christians perceive health care. Dependence on the all-powerful external force enables Christians to reach a transcendent state for health care experiences and other life events. Since they follow God’s guidance in every decision, Christians are more at peace with life outcomes. For example, they accept health care outcomes more readily than non-believers do because of the belief that God allows every fate, whether it is bad or good. Ethics are guided by biblical principles, even when related to health care (Lasair, 2020). For instance, abortion is equated to murder the unborn child and is not accepted by Christians. Therefore, healthcare decisions involving Christianity are guided by the bible. Unlike Christianity, which rejects ambiguity by adhering to biblical guidelines, postmodern relativism takes a liberal approach to spirituality and ethics. These relativists believe there is no absolute truth regarding the existence of God or adherence to ethics (Garrett, 2018). Therefore, every spiritual or ethical belief is valid, even if there are contrasting ones. As such, discarding any argument or decision about health care is not encouraged. Postmodern relativism supports diversity and multicultural approaches to healthcare because medical professionals must embrace multiple and contradictory perceptions from patients and families (Garrett, 2018). In addition, the understanding of ethics might change from one patient to the other without affecting the quality of care. Scientism Scientism argues that hard sciences provide superior scientific knowledge as the only source of genuine and absolute truths. The hard sciences, including physics and biology, rely on laws of nature or experimentation. They produce reliable results based on testable, factual, and replicable data. Scientism regards soft sciences as inferior or pseudosciences since their conjectures and guesses are not replicable or factual but subject to change (Vukov, 2021). It seeks to differentiate the two science categories based on the value of their information, with hard sciences presenting more valuable knowledge than soft sciences. The reliance on subjectivism makes soft sciences prone to influences by human nature, leading to contradictory ideas on the same topics of principles. Overall, scientism accords greater intellectual authority to hard over soft sciences in knowledge matters. There are arguments raised against scientism and its elevation of hard sciences. The first argument refutes the claim that hard sciences use factual data that does not change by asserting the restructuring of measuring instruments and fluctuations in the environment (Vukov, 2021). Therefore, the sciences cannot provide absolute facts and truths as knowledge grows with new information, creating no difference between hard and soft sciences. The second argument against scientism is the disregard hard sciences have over personal opinion to rely heavily on rationality. Since willful thoughts are significant in new knowledge discovery, the tyrannical approach presented by scientism prevents scientific advancement. Therefore, soft sciences will perform better in advancing scientific knowledge through the discovery of new information as they support willful thoughts. Worldview Questions Ultimate Reality Ultimate reality states that individuals are the result of the exchanges they have with the environment. People are the product of their surroundings through nurture than nature. The environment includes family units, schools, religious groups, community, neighborhood, city, and state. In this view, I am the product of my interactions with parents, grandparents, and siblings at the family level. Other important exchanges are in my school, where I interact with students and teachers. I have a social life away from home and learning institutions such as at work and in other community events. My family has instilled foundational values and beliefs in me, while schools, community, and religious groups have added to the belief system or changed my perspective on some ideas. Since I was raised in a Christian family, most of my childhood was spent in Christian circles rather than Muslim ones. Therefore, I am more inclined towards conservatism in controversial public health issues abortion and polygamy. However, the school environment and knowledge acquired in learning have opened up my thinking to become a more liberal Christian. As such, I would support abortion where life is threatened and embrace LGBTQ communities in respect of equal human rights. Nature of the Universe The nature of the universe is to experience constant change by relying on energy and prioritizing processes through evolution, energy conversion, extinction, and competition. Evolution entails adaptation to changes in one’s environment, while energy conversion is a shift between energy forms. Extinction occurs when components are removed from the universe due to the inability to compete, while competition is the struggle for scarce resources. While plants and animals are known to experience extinction, humans undergo competition and evolution. The nature of the universe forces us into schools to acquire the best education to become the most competitive in the job market. Without skills and experience, people can become ‘extinct’ in their areas of specialization. As technology advances, humans must evolve to adapt to the newest ways of living to avoid extinction. For example, the world is gradually shifting to paperless currency such as digital money offered by central banks. People who stick to cash payments will be unable to buy from most stores a few years into the future. The nature of the universe forces them to evolve from cash to cashless payment systems for survival. Human Being Human beings are animals with rationalism and can be defined as the creations of God or the products of evolution. Religion recognizes God as the creator of all universe, including human beings. For instance, Christians believe that humans have the image of God as entailed in the creation story of the Holy Bible. Therefore, they are to follow the creator’s purpose for their existence, including procreating, nurturing the earth and everything in it, and obeying his word. Humans are also defined as the products of science through the process of evolution. This perspective argues that humans developed higher thinking capacity through selective adaptation, leading to complex vocabulary, languages, and technologies. My worldview aligns with the Christianity definition that a supreme God created humans in his likeness to accomplish his purpose on earth. In this definition, we are supposed to abide by the principles of the creator to procreate and protect the rest of the universe. Human beings are stewards on earth, positioned by God to take care of animals, birds, and the environment they live in. Knowledge Knowledge is a combination of skills, information, and facts cognitively acquired from learning or experience. Learning might occur in formal or informal set-ups such as schools or at home. In a formal learning environment, knowledge acquisition processes are structured with clear roles between teachers and learners. Additionally, specific sets of knowledge are passed down to learners. However, informal learning environments are often social groups where knowledge is unintentionally passed from one person to another. For example, in a family setting, children learn from their parents through imitating behavior and words. Experience refers to acquiring knowledge while doing some work rather than from somebody. Therefore, learning imparts theoretical knowledge while experience gives practical know-how. Knowledge is a critical component of our lives as it enhances the quality of life for everyone. For instance, professional medical practitioners such as doctors and nurses utilize their knowledge to help us maintain bodily and mental health. Engineers in every field ensure that we achieve optimum efficiency by using functional machines, living in well-built houses, and using safe infrastructures. Teachers have the knowledge that helps children and adults to acquire more knowledge through formal learning structures. Basis of Ethics The basis of ethics can be individual culture or public beliefs. My basic basis of ethics is my culture, which is the result of interacting with family, community, and other social groups. This culture develops from birth, where a child learns right and wrong from parents and older siblings. For example, I have learned to respect others and treat everyone with kindness. I have also learned to be assertive and fight for my rights where necessary. Stealing and cheating other people to get ahead in life is morally wrong. Overall, the greatest percentage of my ethics are based on my culture, while a small part is determined by the prevailing belief systems. The laws of the land and workplace culture influence my ethics to a certain extent. For example, my culture supports hard work and impartial commitment to success. However, if my employer does not value or reward hard work, I might be discouraged from committing myself to the job. Similarly, I must abide by laws that may contradict my individual beliefs to avoid jail terms and police arrests. For example, I must follow laws allowing adult women to have safe abortions even though my Christianity prohibits it. As such, I would not use force to prevent even my adult daughter from seeking such services. Therefore, my personal beliefs and values, and external factors are the basis of my ethics, but my culture remains dominant over environmental influences. The Purpose of My Existence My primary purpose of existence is to accomplish the work of my creator on earth. I must act as a good steward and caretaker of everything under my authority, including properties, other beings, and people. This purpose requires me to be a responsible parent, sibling, child, friend, worker, employer, property owner, tenant, leader, or follower. I must conserve and protect the vulnerable, including animals, birds, other creatures, and the environment. As a good steward, my purpose involves utilizing my resources to benefit others rather than accumulating massive individual wealth. Nevertheless, it entails taking good care of my health and wellbeing through communion with God, proper eating habits, exercising, and lifelong learning. I must be whole and complete to protect the environment and other people. References Garrett, B. (2018). Social science: Scientific realism, alternative frameworks and the rise of postmodern thought . Emerald Publishing Limited. Lasair, S. (2020). A narrative approach to spirituality and spiritual care in health care. Journal of Religion and Health, 59 (3), 1524-1540. Web. Vukov, J. (2021). Scientism and secularism: Learning to respond to a dangerous ideology. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith , 73 (1), 48-50. Web.

ESSAY: Chronic Renal Failure Disease: Causes, the Population Affected, and Prognosis Case Study Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (NDT) is a scientific and clinical European journal. It is a collection of articles that analyze dialysis, transplantation, and nephrology research. Moreover, the NDT journal is officially approved by the European Renal Association (ERA). Thus, it presents crucial analysis and data for scientists worldwide. Additionally, the other article from StatPearls was selected as the source is included in the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI). Therefore, the center distributes and stores information about scientifically approved research. The article focuses on the leading causes of chronic inflammation at the time of end-stage renal failure. In addition, the authors describe the impact of disease on clinical outcomes and the role of middle molecules as significant factors in the onset of pathology. The latest breakthroughs and research in dialysis are reviewed to stabilize the situation. The end stage of kidney damage is the stage of the development of chronic renal failure. In this case, the disease enters the final stage and threatens human life and health. Only a decrease in urine excreted (diuresis) is observed at the initial step. At stage 2, other signs appear, and nausea and a large amount of urine appear. At stage 3, the fluid does not leave, and diuresis stops. The kidneys fail, and acute renal failure develops, which leads to a deterioration in well-being. Treatment of end-stage kidney damage in adults involves taking medications. Chronic renal failure occurs in 200-500 out of one million people. Currently, the population with chronic renal failure is increasing annually by 10-12%. Morbidities with the end-stage renal disease lead to a person’s diuresis being reduced to almost zero. With advanced forms of chronic renal failure, pulmonary edema develops. At the moment, the prevalence rate of the disease includes about 759 people per million population. The incidence rate is not available for all countries globally, so it isn’t easy to analyze the information in detail. However, the average number of newly reported cases is 144 per million. The mortality rate is decreasing and currently stands at approximately 28%. Doctors prescribe a blood test to assess creatinine, potassium, and urea to determine the disease. Moreover, such a procedure as an ultrasound of the kidneys is performed. If necessary, the doctor prescribes catheterization of the renal pelvis and angiography of the kidneys. References Cobo, G., Lindholm, B., & Stenvinkel, P. (2018). Chronic inflammation in end-stage renal disease and dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , 33 (3), 35-40. Web. Benjamin, O., & Lappin, S. L. (2021). End-stage renal disease. StatPearls.

ESSAY: Circus as the Central Place of Animal Rights Violation Essay Elephants dance the polonaise, sea lions juggle balls, bears ride bicycles, a tiger jumps through a burning hoop – all these are attractions with four-legged performers that thrill the audience, especially the little ones. Nevertheless, animal rights activists have sounded the alarm because circus tricks are unnatural for wild creatures; they are considered mockery and torture. There should be a thoroughgoing prohibition on the exploitation of animals in circuses, as this issue is contrary to humane treatment and is a direct violation of their rights. Since the 1970s, numerous nations have been setting up laws to treat creatures and guarantee their essential protection. International agreements were concluded, recognizing that animals are sentient beings whose basic needs must be respected and protected (Marino 148). Significantly, the tricks taught to animals for the public’s entertainment have nothing familiar with their natural behavior. The only way to make them obey is to punish and deprive them of food so that the poor starving creature will do anything for a coveted bite (Arnold-Foster 146). Animals must maintain and express behavior specific to their species, and the concept of circuses contradicts this shepherd. Furthermore, the phrase “animal performers” often evokes positive emotions because acting is always associated with romance. However, unlike their human counterparts, animals never voluntarily choose the profession of actor. Circus experience means losing freedom forever, spending 95% of the time alone, in a cramped cage where animals cannot stand up to the full height and turn around (Ward 131). They suffer extensively, but there is nothing they can change because humans are more thoughtful and cunningly use force. It can be concluded that introducing restrictions on the exploitation of animals in the circus is a necessary measure in the current world. Creatures must be permitted to follow their instincts and be in their natural habitat because that is their fundamental freedom. All people must comprehend that the rights of animals must be protected and, therefore, one must refuse to visit performances that have been created through violence and cruelty. Works Cited Arnold-Forster, Tom. “Rethinking the Scopes Trial: Cultural Conflict, Media Spectacle, and Circus Politics.” Journal of American Studies, vol. 56, no.1, 2022, pp.142-166. Marino, Lori. “Commentary: A Belmont Report for Animals? Rights or Welfare?.” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, vol. 29, no.1, 2020, pp. 67-70. Ward, Roger. “Living with Animals: Rights, Responsibilities, and Respect by Erin McKenna.” The pluralist , vol.16, no.3, 2021, pp. 130-132.

ESSAY: Climate Change: The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident Research Paper Learning history helps people draw connections between the past and present and allows making predictions for the future based on previous lessons. Climate change is one of the most significant topics of interest and research. No matter how well societies develop in terms of technology, they will inevitably face disasters if they neglect the issues of nature. The Chornobyl nuclear accident, which happened in 1986, was one of the most devastating ecological events that changed the fates of thousands of people in many countries. My prior knowledge of the topic is not ample, but I do know that the major release of radioactive materials occurred, which led to the contamination of air and water, causing numerous diseases and deaths. I have also read somewhere that the then-ruling government of the USSR kept the explosion a secret, which prevented people from saving their lives within the first few hours and days after the accident. Unfortunately, individuals living next to the nuclear plant, as well as those living farther, had no chance of survival. The accident led to the increase in radiation levels to “between ten and one hundred times normal” (Price, 2021, para. 1). I have also read about the courageousness and self-sacrifice of those who were involved in fire extinguishing processes. I would like to learn more about the reasons that led to such a disaster and to find out whether it was preventable. Also, I want to investigate the reasons behind the decision of the USSR government to conceal the truth and not let people save their lives. I cannot understand how they could have been silent at a time when thousands of citizens were being gradually driven into an ecological trap. The values, assumptions, and beliefs I have related to the chosen topic are two-dimensional. On the one hand, I am concerned that such catastrophes can occur and harm people’s lives. On the other hand, I am deeply disturbed by the fact that the authorities can act so thoughtlessly and dare to neglect people’s lives. I have always considered freedom and health as the most important values. I believe that world leaders should do everything possible to prevent such disasters or at least not conceal them. My opinion about the topic is that people should learn from such disasters and use this devastating lesson in the future. However, my perspective is very closely connected to the current world situation. The relevant events happening due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are alarming. In the context of my topic, I should note that a few days ago, Russians attacked Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which is the largest in Europe (Borger & Henley, 2022). Whereas the very question of the Russian invasion of Ukraine is highly tragic and relevant, I will focus on the nuclear plants’ seizure in this paper. Russians seized Chornobyl and Zaporizhzhia nuclear plants, and they seem not to realize what aftermath explosions there could bring. Sadly, it seems that history has not taught some people anything. After so many deaths in 1986 and following years, one could think that countries of the world had learned the value of people’s health and lives. That is why I want to investigate the topic of the Chornobyl nuclear accident. This way, I will be able to learn more about that disaster and draw conclusions on the present-day threats and the need for preventive measures to stop the possibility of its repetition. References Borger, J., & Henley, J. (2022). Zelenskiy says ‘Europe must wake up’ after assault sparks nuclear plant fire. The Guardian. Web. Price, V. (2021). Chernobyl nuclear accident. Salem Press Encyclopedia . Web.

ESSAY: Cloud Computing for Massive Amounts of Data Report Table of Contents 1. Cloud Computing Essentials 2. Cloud Computing Advantages 3. Cloud Computing Examples 4. References Cloud Computing Essentials Cloud computing is a significant approach that is commonly used to deal with huge amounts of data, including unstructured data. This approach’s services are programs that are accessed over the Internet using a regular Internet browser or other network applications. These can be entertaining, office, and specialized business applications (Mansa, 2020). The main difference from the usual method of working with software is that the users do not use the resources of their PC, but computer resources and capacity provided to them as an Internet service. In this case, the user has full access to their own data and the ability to work with them but cannot control the same operating system, software, and computing power, with which this work occurs. Cloud Computing Advantages This approach has a number of advantages; first, the user can use a PC of almost any configuration to perform resource-intensive tasks. Second, the user is not tied to the workplace and can use any PC that has an Internet connection. Third, the user is insured against malfunctions in a car breakdown and can easily share the results with others or work together. Cloud Computing Examples Cloud computing has whole subcategories that differ in the type of services provided. For example, software as a service (SaaS) is a model of selling and using software in which a provider develops a web application and manages it independently, giving customers access to the software over the Internet. Thus, all expenses for maintenance of the working capacity of the program are covered by the supplier; the user (in case service is paid) pays only the fact of the use of “cloud” software – or upon use, or a subscription fee (Felter, 2021). Then, there is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – used exclusively by enterprises, as ordinary users do not need it. It provides the customer with a variety of computer infrastructure (servers, storage systems, network equipment, and software to manage these resources). Third, it is Desktop as a Service (DaaS); when providing a DaaS service, customers receive a fully ready-to-work standardized virtual workstation, which each user can further customize for their tasks (Felter, 2021). Hence, the user gets access not to a separate program but to the software package necessary for full operation. References Felter, B. (2021). The different types of cloud computing and how they differ . Exchange. Web. Mansa, J. (2020). Cloud computing . Investopedia. Web.

ESSAY: Coaching and Mentoring for Organizational Performance Essay Table of Contents 1. Full Bibliographic Information of Source 2. Author’s Stated Research Question and Thesis 3. Major Argument and Refutations 4. Implications of Research 5. Critique of Author’s Work 6. Research Questions Raised 7. Reference Full Bibliographic Information of Source Harvard Business School. (2004). Coaching and mentoring . Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. 1-155. Author’s Stated Research Question and Thesis The main thesis of the book is that timely training and coaching have a powerful effect on improving the performance in an institution. Effective mentoring and guidance are some of the powerful ways of promoting the quality service delivery in an organization. The main questions of the author include: What are the effects of coaching and mentoring in performance of a firm? What is the role of managers in facilitating the program? Major Argument and Refutations The author argues that timely training has a powerful effect of enhancing the company’s performance. It is essential for the managers to “monitor your employees’ behaviors and understand their behaviors and shortcomings” (Harvard Business School, 2004, p. 45). During the program, managers take the opportunity to master unique mentoring approaches, improve skills as well as locate the challenges that members undergo during their operations. Implications of Research The main implication of the research is the possible power of improving performance in the firm. The results of the study can provide comprehensive advice on the relevant approach of delivering services in the firm while, at the same time, guiding personal coaching to managers who intend to improve their company. Therefore, it is appropriate to both the new and existing managers who are seeking to broaden their knowledge of business operations. Critique of Author’s Work The author only read the publication of secondary sources from Harvard Business Essential Series on the effects of coaching and mentoring without taking into consideration the practical aspect. The primary use of secondary sources failed to validate the opinion of “monitor if your employees are following the mentoring plans you have created” (Harvard Business School, 2004, p. 46). The research failed to compare the effect of such actions in different institutions. Research Questions Raised The book has managed to create several research questions regarding coaching and training of employees. These questions include: How best can the research be made to achieve results? What changes are needed to be made in the research? The provision of the right answers to these questions will help to promote the validity and reliability in the use of the above approaches to improve the business. Reference Harvard Business School. (2004). Coaching and mentoring . Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. 1-155.

ESSAY: Code Blue: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay A cardiopulmonary attack happens when the heart suddenly ceases to pump blood, causing the victim to become unconscious and show no signs of blood flow and breathing. Instant death can occur if corrective steps are not implemented quickly enough. One of Australia’s leading causes of mortality and morbidity is cardiovascular arrest (Paratz et al., 2021). Each year, around 5,000 Australians under the age of 50 suffer suspected cardiovascular arrest. Ninety percent of the victims die directly as a result of the arrest (Paratz et al., 2021). Cardiac arrest can occur in anyone, regardless of age or health history, but it is more likely in people already diagnosed with heart problems (Kandasamy et al., 2019). Therefore, early defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preserve a person’s life and decrease any lengthy neurological dysfunction. The chances of survival of a patient requiring resuscitation depend on the correct application of the CPR procedure and the immediate collaborative response of the medical teams. The video obtained from YouTube attempts to illustrate the basic steps for appropriate CPR and the use of a defibrillator (ChristianCare, 2011). According to the video, a nurse enters the room and observes no patient activity on the bed after calling the patient’s name and receiving no response. The nurse responds by calling out to her colleagues for assistance. When a patient fails to respond to tactile or verbal stimuli, it is best recommended that the nurse or any healthcare worker call for help (Olasveengen et al., 2020). The Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) guideline three recommends that healthcare workers call for help from colleagues in case of a cardiac arrest (Curtis et al., 2019). Since cardiac arrest can cause neurological dysfunction within a few minutes of its initiation, it is critical for teamwork among the medical personnel. Before making any clinical decisions or commencing CPR, it is necessary to evaluate the patient’s airway and assess whether or not CPR should be initiated. A comprehensive but quick examination of the airway is essential for managing patients who require immediate CPR. According to ARC guideline four, clearing the airway includes opening the mouth and gently lowering the head to enable any visible foreign material, such as food, blood, vomit, or fluids, to drain (Bray et al., 2021). Fingertips can be used to remove noticeable foreign material by sweeping. The finger sweep is beneficial in cases of unconscious adults and children older than one-year-old who has a foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) (Couper et al., 2020). However, the person clearing the mouth from foreign material should be careful enough to avoid being bit and to avoid causing harm to the patient. Additionally, if the airway gets obstructed during resuscitation, the patient should immediately be turned onto their side to clear it. After clearing the airway, it is crucial to review responsiveness and regular breathing. In the video, the nurse only listens if the breath sounds are audible but misses to confirm any obstruction in the mouth (ChristianCare, 2011). The guideline also recommends that the airway be opened using the head tilt-chin maneuver (Bray et al., 2021). Furthermore, the team initiated CPR without confirming the presence or absence of pulsation. The carotid pulse should be monitored at the beginning and during resuscitation to assess whether or not CPR should be performed. Another essential aspect of CPR is the insertion of a large-bore intravenous cannula. In emergencies such as cardiac arrest, health workers need to act quickly in obtaining intravenous access as it enhances adequate infusion of fluids at a faster rate. Additionally, it guarantees that emergency drugs, such as epinephrine, are supplied promptly to achieve peak blood concentration (Feinstein et al., 2017). Epinephrine is an emergency drug given intravenously in the video. The administration of intravenous drugs in the video aligns with ARC guideline (9.2), which needs fluid and drug administration via intravenous access, which is critical in reviving the patient (Sethi & Chalwin, 2018). Fluid infusion is vital for patients who have suffered a cardiac attack to facilitate tissue perfusion. The ability to breathe normally is critical to preserving life. Resuscitation is required for a patient who gasps or not breathing regularly and is unresponsive. According to the ARC guideline five, the medical team looks, listens, and feels while checking the patient’s breathing pattern (McLure et al., 2021). They should look for movements in the abdominal area or lower chest. They should also listen for air escaping from the mouth or nose and feel for movements in the nose and mouth (McLure et al., 2021). In the video, the nurse actively listens for the presence or absence of air moving through the nose and mouth in accordance with the ARC recommendations. During resuscitation, breaths can be given to the patient by various methods depending on the setting or skills of the caregiver. These include mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths, mouth-to-nose, mouth-to-stoma, mouth-to-mask, and bag valve masks (BVM) (Panchal et al., 2020). In the video, breaths are given via a bag valve mask. Ventilation with a bag valve mask is another means of giving rescue breathing. An inflating bag is connected to a non-rebreather valve and a face mask to form a bag valve mask gadget. A clear airway (Guideline 4), an appropriate mask seal, and an acceptable breathing method are required for effective bag valve mask ventilation (Olasveengen et al., 2021). Continuous ventilation with the bag valve or poor technique may cause air to enter the stomach, raising the chance of gastric contents reflux (Newell et al., 2018). When BVM ventilation is utilized, it is advised that two experienced rescuers supply a ventilator for the unconscious person: one to handle the airway, seal, and mask, while the other to handle the bag valve mask. The video illustrates the use of a BVM in giving rescue breaths where the nurse adopts the jaw thrust maneuver using one hand while the other hand gives oxygen via the bag. However, the bag valve mask should have been connected to a reservoir or oxygen mask, enhancing a high oxygen concentration in the body. The use of BVM has the potential to save lives and is far less invasive than intubation. Compression of the chest is one of the most critical procedures in resuscitation that must be performed properly. The video illustrates the compressions being given at a rate of 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths after every two minutes. This is consistent with the ACR guideline six, which confirms a pace of 30 chest compression before giving two rescue breaths. According to some research, compression rates of fewer than 30 are linked to a reduced survival probability (Maconochie et al., 2020). Each compression should result in a downward displacement of the lower sternum, roughly making up a third of the chest’s entire depth. In adults, this corresponds to an increase of greater than 5cm in height (Garcia-Jorda et al., 2019). There is little doubt that insufficient compression depth is related to poor outcomes. It is worth noting that the chest compressions performed in the video were shallow and did not exceed 5cm, as advised by ACR. The Compression speed and depth vary significantly amongst rescuers, and the compressions may be more severe during the first few minutes of the cardiac attack. Chest compressions were ineffective after one minute in a mannequin trial of CPR, even when caregivers became aware of exhaustion after five minutes. (Cobo-Vázquez et al., 2018). If possible, rescuers should be switched every two minutes while compressions to avoid rescuer fatigue and worsening chest compression performance, particularly depth. The video illustrates that only a single person is involved in chest compressions. According to research, the rescuer’s fatigue during CPR affects the compressions’ efficiency (Cobo-Vázquez et al., 2018). Following the initiation of continuous compressions, the depth of compressions gradually lowers due to the rescuer’s exhaustion. Finally, the essential role of defibrillation in conjunction with good CPR has been well documented. An automated External Defibrillator (AED) should be utilized only on unconscious individuals who are not breathing regularly (guideline 7). The timing of defibrillation is critical in determining a person’s likelihood of surviving following cardiac arrest. The success of an AED in usage depends on proper knowledge and use of the device. Proper pad placement guarantees that the shock is transmitted through the heart on an axis (Olasveengen et al., 2020). The pads should be arranged anterolateral on the open chest. The first one is placed just below the clavicle on the patient’s right chest, while the second pad is below the armpit on the patient’s left side. In the video, the AED pads are well placed, rendering them effective during resuscitation. Rescuers should observe the recommendations and should not contact the patient while administering the shock. There have been no instances of rescuers suffering damage as a result of trying defibrillation in wet surroundings. The video paints a vivid image of the critical nature of having a team leader, particularly during times of crisis. The team leader interacts with the team and instructs them when and when not to contact the patient. When the heart abruptly ceases pumping blood, cardiopulmonary arrest follows, rendering the individual unconscious. Thus, timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation may help save a person’s life and minimize any long-term functional disability. The odds of life for a patient who requires resuscitation are dependent on the correct administration of CPR and the medical teams’ prompt joint reaction. Prior to initiating CPR, it is critical to assess the airway, breathing, and circulation, as these factors directly influence the outcome of the CPR. References Bray, J., Acworth, J., Page, G., Parr, M., Morley, P., & Australian Resuscitation Council and KIDS SAVE LIVES Stakeholder Organisations. (2021). Aussie KIDS SAVE LIVES: A position statement from the Australian Resuscitation Council and supported by stakeholders . Emergency Medicine Australasia , 33 (5), 944-946. ChristianCare (2011). Code Blue Simulation- Virtual Education and Simulation Training Center . Video]. YouTube. Cobo-Vázquez, C., De Blas, G., García-Canas, P., & del Carmen Gasco-García, M. (2018). Electrophysiology of muscle fatigue in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Manikin Model . Anesthesia Progress , 65 (1), 30–37. Couper, K., Abu Hassan, A., Ohri, V., Patterson, E., Tang, H. T., Bingham, R., Olasveengen, T., & Perkins, G. D. (2020). Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: A systematic review of interventions . Resuscitation , 156 , 174–181. Curtis, K., Ramsden, C., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Considine, J. (2019). Emergency and trauma care for nurses and paramedics (3rd ed.). Elsevier. Feinstein, B. A., Stubbs, B. A., Rea, T., & Kudenchuk, P. J. (2017). Intraosseous compared to intravenous drug resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest . Resuscitation , 117 , 91-96. Garcia-Jorda, D., Walker, A., Camphaug, J., Bissett, W., Spence, T., Martin, D.-A., Lin, Y., Cheng, A., Mahoney, M., & Gilfoyle, E. (2019). Bedside chest compression skills: Performance and skills retention in in-hospital trained pediatric providers . A simulation study. Journal of Critical Care , 50 , 132–137. Kandasamy, J., Theobald, P. S., Maconochie, I. K., & Jones, M. D. (2019). Can real-time feedback improve the simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance of basic life support and lay rescuers? Archives of Disease in Childhood , 104 (8), 793–801. Maconochie, I. K., Aickin, R., Hazinski, M. F., Atkins, D. L., Bingham, R., Bittencourt Couto, T., Guerguerian, A.-M., Nadkarni, V. M., Ng, K.-C., Nuthall, G. A., Ong, G. Y. K., Reis, A. G., Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Tijssen, J. A., Nolan, J. P., Morley, P. T., Van de Voorde, P., Zaritsky, A. L., & de Caen, A. R. (2020). Pediatric life support 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations . Pediatrics , 147 (Supplement 1), e2020038505B. McLure, M., Eastwood, K., Parr, M., & Bray, J. (2021). A rapid review of advanced life support guidelines for cardiac arrest associated with anaphylaxis. Resuscitation , 159 , 137-149. Newell, C., Grier, S., & Soar, J. (2018). Airway and ventilation management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after successful resuscitation . Critical Care , 22 (1). Olasveengen, T. M., Mancini, M. E., Perkins, G. D., Avis, S., Brooks, S., Castrén, M., Chung, S., Considine, J., Couper, K., Escalante, R., Hatanaka, T., Hung, K., Kudenchuk, P., Lim, S., Nishiyama, C., Ristagno, G., Semeraro, F., Smith, C., Smyth, M…Rajendran, K. (2020). Adult basic life support: International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations . Resuscitation , 156 , A35-A79. Panchal, A. R., Bartos, J. A., Cabañas, J. G., Donnino, M. W., Drennan, I. R., Hirsch, K. G., Kudenchuk, P. J., Kurz, M. C., Lavonas, E. J., Morley, P. T., O’Neil, B. J., Peberdy, M. A., Rittenberger, J. C., Rodriguez, A. J., Sawyer, K. N., Berg, K. M., Arafeh, J., Benoit, J. L., Chase, M., & Fernandez, A. (2020). Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care . Circulation , 142 (16_suppl_2). Paratz, E. D., Rowsell, L., van Heusden, A., Zentner, D., Parsons, S., Morgan, N., Thompson, T., James, P., Pflaumer, A., Semsarian, C., Ingles, J., Case, R., Ball, J., Smith, K., Stub, D., Gerche, A., & Registry, A. E. (2021). The end unexplained cardiac death (EndUCD) registry for young Australian sudden cardiac arrest . Heart, Lung and Circulation , 30 (5), 714-720. Sethi, S. S., & Chalwin, R. (2018). Governance of rapid response teams in Australia and New Zealand . Anesthesia and Intensive Care , 46 (3), 304-309.

ESSAY: Colonialism: Features, Goals, and Consequences Essay The Concept Of Colonialism The term “colonialism” is used to characterize the system of domination of the developed countries of Europe (since the end of the XV century) and the USA (since the XIX century) (Cooper, 2002). It occupied vast areas of Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania until the early 1960s (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). Colonialism also took place in Japan (in the 1st half of the XX century) over a number of areas of East Asia and Oceania (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The formation of the system of colonialism began in the era of Great Geographical Discoveries. In the XV-XX centuries there were many colonial empires (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The British Empire, the German Colonial Empire, the Spanish Colonial Empire, the Dutch Colonial Empire, the Portuguese Colonial Empire, the French Colonial Empire. Belgium, Denmark, Italy, the USA, Sweden, Japan, etc. had extensive colonial possessions. The system of colonialism of the XV-XIX centuries was characterized by the desire to establish a monopoly in trade with conquered territories (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The seizure and plundering of entire countries were often accompanied by the destruction of a significant part of their population. The use of harsh forms of exploitation of the indigenous inhabitants of colonies and slave labor were often involved. Colonial policy during this period was carried out in many cases by specially created large privileged companies, such as East India Companies. From the 2nd half of the XIX century, the exploitation of colonies through unequal trade exchange began to play an important role (Rodney & Davis, 1972). Colonies were turned into agricultural and raw materials appendages of metropolises with a monocultural direction of agricultural development and into markets for industrial products. At the end of the XIX century, the dependent territories and colonies came under the direct state administration of the metropolises (Cooper, 2002). By 1914, colonies and dependent countries accounted for about 66.8% of the territory and 60% of the world’s population (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The national liberation movement in the colonies was brutally suppressed by the metropolises. The struggle between the leading powers for the redistribution of colonies was of no small importance for the beginning of the First World War. Features of Colonialism The period of colonialism is characterized by some key features: strong states militarily seized undeveloped countries and state entities. The population of the colonies was exploited by feudal lords and slave owners. The metropolises established a monopoly on trade relations with the colonial territories. In fact, the metropolises used the colonized territories only for their enrichment. They accumulated their own capital, thereby further strengthening their positions, becoming world leaders (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The largest colonial empire in the history of mankind was Britain: it had colonies on every continent. Among the most famous of them are the USA, Canada, Australia, India. Many African countries were also dependent on Britain. The center of the colonial empire was the metropolis: domination was expressed either in the form of a dominion, that is, the government was carried out by governor, or in the form of a protectorate. European countries sought not only to own large territories, but also to spread their culture. The Spaniards forcibly carried out Catholicization and Hispanization of the population, the Dutch carried out apartheid and the imprisonment of Africans in reservations (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). There was a division of the existence of the colonists and the local population, religious communities were formed separately. The colonial administration actively supported local conflicts, for example, the clash of Hindus and Muslims in India (Rodney & Davis, 1972). Decolonization took place after the Second World War; before it, the uprising in Madagascar and the rebellion in Tunisia lasted six years (Rodney & Davis, 1972). Pursued Goals The established colonial regime pursued certain goals: dependent countries were used as markets for the sale of their products by Europeans as the profit received was higher there. An important factor was the supply of cheap raw materials to the European part of the continent. Due to the exploitation of colonies, the profit of the colonizers increased. This made it possible to increase the wages of their employees; criminal elements were sent to new territories (Rodney & Davis, 1972). The local population could be used for heavy work; in addition to economic interests, the colonies were used as points for the formation of military bases. This was necessary to maintain the international status and strengthen the security of each empire; the colonialism of territories here was very convenient. Key Consequences of Colonialism Positive Consequences Industrial revolutions affected not only the leading powers, but also the colonial entities, which contributed to their economic and industrial development. A local intelligentsia was formed in the dependent states (Cooper, 2002). Modernization, the growth of culture and economy in the controlled countries took place relatively rapidly. The world economic market was formed and mobilized. Negative Consequences The more territories a country captured, the less competitive it became on the world stage. Expansion led to a slowdown in development. The colonies lost their natural resources, ethnic identity and partially lost their own culture. The indigenous population of the occupied territories was rapidly forcibly destroyed to reduce their numbers (Cooper, 2002). If forced extermination was not carried out, then people died due to the appearance of epidemics provoked by imported diseases. There was a complete lack of political development in the colonies, and the major powers could not allow this. Due to this fact, such countries are now going through a difficult period of formation of the political structure, accompanied by wars, repression and devastation. The metropolises had stable markets for their products, so they practically did not develop their own production, since there was no such need. A crisis of the structure and culture of traditional society has developed (Rodney & Davis, 1972). A large number of local conflicts have arisen. Empires have not solved a lot of problems in their colonies, which is why wars are still being waged in them. The former metropolises continue to try to participate in the management of the previously fully controlled states. This led to a fierce, including military confrontation between the parties for the right to conduct their own policy. The emergence of a large number of refugees and the development of terrorism on a global scale. Consequences For Metropolises The metropolises lagged behind other countries in military and economic terms due to the lack of incentives for development, their production growth slowed down (Diop & Moschovakis, 2020). The resources and income received from investments in controlled countries were directed only to the development of the center of the empire. Consequences For Colonies Almost all kinds of resources, both natural and human, were looted. There was enslavement of society, a significant and sharp deterioration in the standard of living. Groups of the population who disagreed with the policy of the metropolis were physically destroyed. The population was forcibly moved to other territories to extract resources or perform other work (Rodney & Davis, 1972). However, at the same time, cultural, social and economic foundations were laid for further development as independent States. Local industrial facilities were formed, production gradually developed. However, industrialization was very slow, since all resources and finances were directed to the center. The World After Colonialism As the economy and society developed, the colonial system collapsed. It could not resist the conditions of rapid development. The metropolises did not want to introduce liberal changes, which led to the complete collapse of the existing system. To a greater extent, the consequences turned out to be negative, although there are quite a lot of positive aspects. The most negative consequence of this era for the modern world is the threat to security. When the metropolises abandoned their colonies, the latter were left alone with their problems, many of which were created by the colonial regime. The population of former colonies often simply does not realize what to do with their independence. Africa has suffered the most, where civil wars are still going on, groups are fighting for power. Dictatorial regimes were established in Muslim states. In the Middle East, where the British previously ruled, military conflicts regularly flare up. A national liberation movement was formed in India, which took active actions against Britain. As a result, London had to abandon the method of colonial war, as it could result in millions of victims on both sides. There were cases of military skirmishes between the armies of the metropolises and the liberation troops of the colonies. The latter defended their own strategic resources with all their might. At the moment, almost all former colonies are experiencing serious economic difficulties. Only a few states, such as the USA, Australia and Canada, which achieved high development back in the colonial era, did not face problems. The process of formation of independent States after the fall of the colonial system continues to this day. References Cooper, F. (2002). Africa since 1940: The past of the present . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Diop, D., & Moschovakis, A. (2020). At night all blood is black . London, England: Pushkin Press. Rodney, W., & Davis, A. Y. (1972). How Europe underdeveloped Africa . London, England: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications.

ESSAY: Commitment to Health Theory in Nursing Practice Essay Commitment to health theory is a special model designed to determine the stages of development and behavior changes. This theory assumes the development of an internal state, as well as the acceptance of the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle under the conditions that any circumstances may limit a person. Moreover, with the help of this theory, the necessary level is determined, which indicates a particular stage of human health (Kelly, 2014). In addition, this theory assumes that there are no established differences, such as gender, race, and others, in order to build behavior aimed at developing a healthy lifestyle. In her research, Kelly (2008) uses the principles of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. First of all, this is done in order to demonstrate certain stages of the change process. Furthermore, the model used sets specific requirements for health. Thus, the Commitment to Health Theory uses such principles as stages of change, decisive balance, and self-efficiency (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). In this way, Kelly uses essential principles of this theory; thus, they are interrelated. Concerning advanced nursing practice, this theory can be used as a measurement of some patient indicators. Thus, this model will help determine the goals necessary for the patient to instill the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle. In practice, this theory will also help track the process of change and how to behave with the patient (Kelly, 2008). For example, at the first stage, the task is to instill confidence, as well as to indicate the importance of the necessary changes. At the second stage, strategies are already being applied to strengthen the patient’s desire to improve the overall state of health. The third stage is the final one, and it should introduce the behavioral patterns necessary for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. As a result, health care professionals can use stages of change categories and commitment ratings to personalize therapy by employing change-specific tactics and motivating therapeutic communication techniques. References Kelly, C. W. (2014). Commitment to health theory: A graphic model . Workplace Health & Safety, 62 (2), 51–54. Web. Kelly, C. W. (2008). Commitment to health theory. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 22 , 148–160. Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change . American Journal of Health Promotion, 12 (1), 38–48. Web.

ESSAY: Communication in Doctor’s Practice Essay Being a knowledgeable and experienced professional in one’s professional sphere is, without a doubt, of great importance. For this reason, many students of medical education facilities seek to acquire as much theoretical and practical expertise as possible before graduation. Although such a strategy is by no means wrong, I have recently discovered that the true success in the work of healthcare providers is explained by the doctor’s ability to build relationships with one’s patients. I fully understood the advantage of this simple but often overlooked truth when observing Dr. Wang’s work. Dr. Wang is an experienced professional working in the sphere of eye surgery. Yet, it was surprising for me to discover how easily he/she is able to build close relationships with the patients. After analyzing her/his behavior, I realized that there are certain skills that allow Dr. Wang to gain the trust of the people that come to the Eye Surgery Institute. First of all, he/she is an active listener meaning that all of Dr. Wang’s patients are encouraged to fully and openly express their symptoms and feelings without being interrupted. Secondly, Dr. Wang is always polite and patient with people regardless of her/his overall mood. Finally, I noticed that Dr. Wang is friendly with regular patients as she/he is interested in their health and everyday lives. For instance, I heard Dr. Wang asking a woman regarding her daughter’s health because the patient mentioned that the latter was sick during the last session. As a result of such an attitude towards people, I saw that many treated people could share their problems openly with Dr. Wang as they trusted her/him. In turn, I saw that this allowed the professional to deliver better and more accurate treatment. Moreover, seeing the positive outcome that the ability to build a trustful relationship with the patients has on the healthcare provision, I have become determined to develop this quality. In this regard, I hope that my description of Dr. Wang’s practice will also inspire other current and future medical workers to develop their communication skills.

ESSAY: Community Data Impact on Social Factors of Health Essay One of the social factors that might impact what groceries are purchased is the lack of healthy food. Addressing Wal-Mart in Forest Part allows me to gather enough information about available products and their prices. For example, one gallon of great value milk is $2.65, one loaf of Sara Lee bread is $2.44, one bag of gala apples is $3.58, and one bag of organic baby carrots is $3.88. Continuing my visit, the prices are as follows: one yogurt container is $1.92, 2-liter of Pepsi Soda is $1.98, one bag of chips is $2.84, and one family-size pack of cookies is $3.98. In Maywood, IL 60153, the population is mostly African Americans (68.6%), but white citizens (18.2%) and Hispanic/Latino (26.9%) also live there (United States Census Bureau, n.d.). The chosen living area lacks good grocery stores, but the number of fast-food restaurants has significantly increased during the last few years. It means that people are not able to buy healthy food but have to eat poor-quality products, contributing to their health problems like hypertension and diabetes. Another social factor that affects human health and shopping habits is poor transformation and the impossibility for the working class to visit Wal-Mart regularly. The median household income in the chosen region is about $50,176, and the poverty level is about 15% (United States Census Bureau, n.d.). It means that not all individuals can go to the stores with good food and make decisions, not at the expense of their health. The combination of transportation, low income, and food factors are critical for public health (Islam, 2019). It is not enough to identify a problem but find ways to solve it and help the population achieve improvements. A community health nurse (CHN) is responsible for promoting public health and the choice of interventions to address food security. According to Schffer and Strohschein (2019), there are 17 interventions introduced in five groups with different colors, and collaboration is a unique opportunity for all community members to promote and protect health. The main characteristics of this intervention are a high commitment level, partnership, and goal orientation (Schffer & Strohschein, 2019). Collaboration at systems levels helps CHNs reach all appropriate stakeholders, community collaboration is necessary to analyze the current state of affairs, and cooperation with families improves personal knowledge and engagement. References Islam, M. M. (2019). Social determinants of health and related inequalities: confusion and implications . Frontiers in Public Health, 7 . Schffer, M., & Strohschein, S. (2019). Public health interventions: Applications for public health nursing practice (2 nd ed.). Minnesota Department of Health. United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Quick facts: Maywood village, Illinois; United States . Census.

ESSAY: Community Health Nurse: Local Community Assessment and Interventions Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. “The Ninth Street:” Community Assessment 3. Community Health Nurse Interventions 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Community health relies on many factors, and health care is only a small part of one’s well-being. People do not live in the same environment – some experience hunger, homelessness, poor living conditions, and more. Many neighborhoods have been influenced by racial discrimination and financial restrictions historically. This paper considers a line of inequality in Hartford, an American city, the housing quality of which has been dictated by segregation for decades. As a community health nurse, it is vital to consider the consequences of poor living arrangements for many residents and the effects on health these problems cause. “The Ninth Street:” Community Assessment The city of Hartford, CT, continues to fight the effects of racial segregation. There are many neighborhoods where community health meets many challenges, but a clear line can be drawn between the Northeast and Downtown neighborhoods (Health in Hartford, 2022). In the former, poor housing conditions, low economic stability, and lack of access to services lead to difficulties in everyday living (Access Health CT, 2021). The windshield survey shows that the neighborhoods near the center have a higher number of abandoned buildings and a lower quality of housing. Moreover, fewer stores with healthy foods and accessible healthcare facilities can be seen. In contrast, the Downtown area’s housing appears to be new or well-built, with stores and activity centers. Therefore, on the first side, low-quality housing and the lack of access to healthy foods and medical care are potential health threats. As noted in the documentary by Smith (2008), a statistical connection exists between health problems and social status. Such factors as low income, low level of control at work or job insecurity, lack of access to healthy foods, and living conditions contribute to higher levels of stress. As a result, constant exposure to stress leads to increased rates of high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions (Smith, 2008). Therefore, the neighborhood’s condition is a prominent threat to its residents’ health. Moreover, the area’s housing is likely to have improper ventilation and moisture control in the buildings, which could result in mold and bad air quality. According to DeMarco and Healey-Walsh (2019), mold can lead to sensitive people developing respiratory symptoms. If left ignored, the poor quality of air and contaminants could lead to long-term breathing problems (Sullivan & Thakur, 2020). If people are unable to improve their living conditions, this problem can reach multi-generational levels. Community Health Nurse Interventions The knowledge gathered from this module shows that the neighborhood’s residents are exposed to many risks to their health. In particular, housing quality is concerning as it can lead to chronic conditions and long-term consequences (Smith, 2008). As DeMarco and Healey-Walsh (2019) note, population data gathered during community assessment is vital in supporting nurses’ research and intervention development. Leonard (2019) supports the findings of the windshield survey presented above – Hartford, similar to other cities in Connecticut, suffers from poor housing conditions. These include public spaces, drainage, sewer systems, and air quality. As a result, many people, especially children, develop respiratory conditions, such as asthma. This problem is prevalent in black communities – black families are disadvantaged financially and territorially as the long history of segregation continues to drive lines through the city’s districts (Access Health CT, 2021). As an outcome, black children are five times more likely to go to the hospital because of asthma (Access Health CT, 2021). Leonard (2019) finds that one’s surroundings can have asthma triggers. If they are not removed, they can cause permanent damage to one’s respiratory system (Leibe et al., 2020). Additionally, Smith (2008) suggests that the quality of air in one’s home either empowers or negatively affects their health. Therefore, people who cannot afford to leave neighborhoods with unsafe housing are predisposed to a higher risk of health conditions. Community health nurses can approach the described problem of housing disparity and health conditions from multiple angles. Looking at the issue from a case-finding perspective, a nurse can survey the area’s residents and investigate disease rates and related events (DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2019). Based on this information, screening and outreach programs can be developed. The nurse may focus on how specific households deal with their living surroundings’ quality in a family-centered perspective. Leonard (2019) suggests advocacy and awareness initiatives to help families create a cleaner and safer housing environment. From a systems perspective, the idea of environmental health should be considered. For example, nurses can create a program to advocate for better housing or spread information, testing, and assistance. In the neighborhood examined in the documentary by Smith (2008), healthcare professionals open a facility that teaches political activism to residents so they to voice their needs and establish a conversation with the government. This is a systemic approach that could promise long-term outcomes for future generations. Conclusion Community health is influenced by a variety of factors, some of which have a deep history. In Hartford, being a community nurse means fighting against the outcomes of segregation and racial discrimination that affected whole neighborhoods for decades. A considerable problem in the city is its housing – many people live without proper sanitary and heating systems, near abandoned or run-down buildings, or without access to good food and healthcare facilities. A significant health issue is an asthma, and the black population is at a higher risk statistically. Interventions for a community nurse may include systemic changes to care and education programs, advocacy for better living conditions, and research-based outreach initiatives. References Access Health CT. (2021). Health disparities and social determinants of health in Connecticut . Web. DeMarco, R. F., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2019). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice (3 rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Health in Hartford. (2022). Health in Hartford’s neighborhoods: Examining the relationship between housing and health . Web. Leonard, N. (2019). Connecticut looks at tackling housing issues to treat asthma . CT Public . Web. Smith, L. M. (2008). Unnatural causes: Is inequality making us sick? Episode 1: “In sickness and in wealth” . California Newsreel. Sullivan, K., & Thakur, N. (2020). Structural and social determinants of health in asthma in developed economies: A scoping review of the literature published between 2014 and 2019 . Current allergy and asthma reports , 20 (2), 1-12. Web.

ESSAY: Community Outreach Program for Veterans’ Mental Health Outcomes Essay Table of Contents 1. Purpose 2. Problem 3. Problem Analysis 4. Results of Analysis 5. Recommendations 6. References Purpose Given the challenges of their service paired with physical and psychological trauma, veterans are a vulnerable population in the USA. Suicide is one of the main concerns in relation to these patients due to the high risk of self-harm attempts. The prevalence of the problem is of significant concern because the healthcare system lacks adequate solutions that would meet veterans’ health needs (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2021). Currently, the hospital does not have sufficient mental health support for veterans with suicidal risks. Without such programs, the veteran population’s well-being and longevity are under-addressed. The management of the hospital should seriously consider the abundance of benefits the veteran population will obtain upon implementing a new group therapy program for veterans with suicide risks. Therefore, the purpose of this document is to present a comprehensive strategy for developing an improved community outreach program based on evidence-based therapy for veterans’ better mental health outcomes. Problem The issue at the center of this document is the high level of suicide risk in the veteran population and the urgent need to address this problem through therapy to prevent suicide in veterans. Statistical data show that: * In the general population, suicide is ranked at the 10 th position in the leading causes of death in the United States (Johnson et al., 2019); * On average, over 44,000 people in the USA die because of suicide annually (Johnson et al., 2019); * Twenty percent of all the suicide deaths are the deaths of military veterans (Johnson et al., 2019). These numbers vividly demonstrate why this issue needs addressing. Moreover, recent research findings in the field of suicide among veterans demonstrate the causes of the problem. * Veterans are disproportionately exposed to multiple risk factors contributing to their likelihood to attempt suicide or self-harm: * Post-traumatic stress disorder; * Chronic pain; * Veterans’ “early military separation and dishonorable discharge” (Johnson et al., 2019, p. 16); * Frequently experienced depression, anxiety, and insomnia; * Loneliness; * Maladaptive psychological traits (Nichter et al., 2021); * Exposure to trauma; * Persistent thoughts of self-harm. * The intersection of several of the above-mentioned factors increases the level of risk for a suicide attempt. * Thus, it is essential to provide veterans with adequate professional and peer support to address most of these factors and prevent suicide. Problem Analysis The analysis of the problem at hand reveals that new evidence-based therapy is obligatory. The following are the specific challenges that should be addressed when implementing the solution: * Individual sessions might be less effective in comparison to group therapy due to the loneliness issues and the need for peer support (Johnson et al., 2019); * Under-diagnosis of mental health issues in veterans obstructs their treatment opportunities; * Limited awareness and the lack of information on self-help and professional assistance contribute to the problem. * In order to improve the situation, the management should allocate necessary resources to launch a group therapy program for suicide prevention in veterans: * The hospital might cooperate with community services; * Veterans’ awareness about the risks and causes of suicide attempts should be raised; * Group sessions should be based on cognitive-behavioral therapy principles (Johnson et al., 2019); * Self-help resources should be disseminated (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2021); * Therapy attendance should be encouraged through informational means. Results of Analysis While researching the issue, it was found that * Suicide prevention group therapy is effective when implemented for 1-3 months (Johnson et al., 2019); * Therapy aimed at addressing multiple risk factors (including insomnia, thoughts of self-harm, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and loneliness) is most effective (Nichter et al., 2021); * The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (2021) prioritizes and supports suicide prevention programs, which might be used for the benefit of the hospital’s launching of group meetings. The issue was researched using the methods of secondary data review in some recently published studies. The information presented by the official website of the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs was examined to collect the necessary information. The findings are credible since they are based on reliable resources, such as peer-reviewed academic journals and official federal organizational statements. Recommendations The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs supports and launches multiple programs to prevent suicide among American veterans. Given the scope of expertise, available resources, and experience of this organization, hospital management is encouraged to cooperate with the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs to pursue the following goals: * Find sponsors for program launching * Train hospital therapists in the field of evidence-based cognitive-behavioral group sessions for suicide prevention; * Initiate cooperation with community-based organizations to disseminate information about the group sessions; * Initiate screening of hospital patients for suicide behavior; * Enroll outpatients with a history of suicide problems; * Conduct pre- and post-program evaluations to collect results for further program improvement. It is vital not to leave the problem of suicide among veterans unaddressed. It is the responsibility of the hospital’s management to improve the quality of care for veterans to ensure that their health needs and concerns are properly met. References Johnson, L. L., O’Connor, S. S., Kaminer, B., Gutierrez, P. M., Carney, E., Groh, B., & Jobes, D. A. (2019). Evaluation of structured assessment and mediating factors of suicide-focused group therapy for veterans recently discharged from inpatient psychiatry. Archives of Suicide Research, 23 (1), 15-33. Web. Nichter, B., Stein, M. B., Monteith, L. L., Herzog, S., Holliday, R., Hill, M. L., Norman, S. B., Krystal, J. H., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2021). Risk factors for suicide attempts among U.S. military veterans: A 7‐year population‐based, longitudinal cohort study. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior . Web. U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs. (2021). Suicide prevention . Web.

ESSAY: Comparative Analysis of Germany and Japan for International Business Case Study Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Brief Description of the Countries 3. Political Aspects 4. Infrastructure and Education 5. Economic Aspects 6. Methods to offset international trade risk 7. Recommendation 8. References Summary The current analysis is dedicated to Germany and Japan as two potential countries for the MNC Widget’s business expansion and international trade. The paper covers major historical, political, economic, and social aspects that affect business in these countries. The aim of the comparative analysis is to assess these factors and identify the country with a better environment for the MNC Widget’s expansion and collaboration. The result of the comparative analysis is formulated in the form of a recommendation and its rationale, presented at the end of the paper. Brief Description of the Countries Before proceeding with the comparative analysis, it is necessary to briefly describe the two countries. The first one is Germany – one of the largest European countries, with an area of 138,063 sq mi and a population rate of 83,200,000 people (Schleunes et al.). Germany is an influential member of the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and one of the founding members of the European Union (EU) (Schleunes et al.). Nowadays, the country has significant political and economic weight despite several crises and downfalls that it went through throughout its history. Germanic peoples have inhabited the present-day territory of Germany since ancient times. However, those were separate political entities for centuries, which were brought together only in the 19th century (Schleunes et al.). Thus, the history of Germany as a state started in 1871, when Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck unified the territories of various Germanic peoples in the form of the German Empire (Schleunes et al.). The German Empire started to gain more political and economic influence and aimed to change the established power balance, which led to World War I. Germany was defeated and entered the following period of economic depression in a weakened state (Schleunes et al.). At this time, the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler used the public’s dissatisfaction and suffering to gain power and start World War II, which also ended with Germany’s defeat (Schleunes et al.). Germany was divided into two parts: the Federal Republic of Germany (the western part) and the German Democratic Republic (the eastern part) till 1990 (Schleunes et al.). In brief, Germany has long historical roots, but its present political, economic, and social systems are relatively new. One should note that nationalism is still a sensitive issue for Germany. On the one hand, Germans remember the consequences of the Nazi rule in their country, commemorate the victims of the Holocaust, and prosecute all forms of hate crimes and Nazi propaganda (Schleunes et al.). On the other hand, the influx of immigrants and refugees from North Africa, Turkey, and South Asia fuel ethnic tensions and create new challenges (Schleunes et al.). Therefore, the German government must carefully navigate between preserving national interests and controlling interethnic conflicts within the country. The second country the present analysis focuses on is Japan. It is an Asian island country situated in the western North Pacific Ocean. It occupies a string of islands with a total area of 145,937 sq mi (Jansen et al.). Japan’s current population rate equals 125,497,000 people (Jansen et al.). Japan has demonstrated exceptional economic growth after World War II and is now one of the most developed countries worldwide (Jansen et al.). In this sense, the scenario of its economic development is similar to Germany’s, as both managed to rise after severe downfalls. Due to its geographical position, Japan has always been a somewhat secluded country. According to Jansen et al., people inhabited this territory for tens of thousands of years, but the first records about it only appeared in the 1st century BCE in Chinese sources. Initially, it was not a unified state, and the first steps to bring together local peoples occurred in the late 4th century CE (Jansen et al.). By the 12th century, Japan’s civilization reached a high level (Jansen et al.). In the following seven centuries, the country was governed by military rulers and was almost fully isolated from the rest of the world (Jansen et al.). That is why the country’s reopening in the 19th century became a significant point in its history. Japan’s ambition to expand its political influence led to its participation in World War II as Germany’s ally. Even though it was defeated, Japan rapidly developed and gained much economic power (Jansen et al.). Thus, despite a long history of isolation, Japan quickly adapted to the changes and became one of the world’s economic leaders. Political Aspects To properly assess the business environment in a country, one should consider certain political factors that also impact it. They comprise the forms of government and major political and legal issues that might have an economic impact. These factors demonstrate how politically stable the countries are. Countries with unstable political situations would not be suitable options for international trade and business expansion. Before sharing any opinion on Germany’s political situation, I will briefly describe its political system. Germany is a federal multiparty republic consisting of several states (Länder) with a considerable level of autonomy to exclude the risk of the centralization of power like in the Nazi era (Schleunes et al.). The German parliament consists of two legislative houses: Federal Council (Bundesrat) and Federal Assembly (Bundestag) (Schleunes et al.). Officially, the head of the state in Germany is the president, but their authority is quite limited and has a formal character (Scheunes et al.). Contrastingly, the official who has real power and influence in Germany is the chancellor, the head of the government has the authority to initiate government policy (Schleunes et al.). The ministries also have extensive autonomy and powers of initiative (Schleunes et al.). There are two conditions for the chancellor’s deposition: an absolute majority of the Bundestag and assurance for the election of a successor (Schleunes et al.). In brief, the German political system seems quite stable: the power is balanced between several states, parties, and other political bodies, and there are certain procedures to impede the centralization of power if there is a need. However, currently, two issues create uncertainty and possible risk to the country’s stability. The first one is the aforementioned interethnic tensions that might influence Germany’s social and economic policies and inner security. The second one is Brexit, as it caused a major change in the EU structure, maintenance, and cooperation processes that may affect all its members, including Germany (Ben Ameur & Louhichi, 2021). Even though the process started in 2016, it is still difficult to accurately evaluate its impact due to the COVID-19 crisis, which is currently the most important problem worldwide (Holland, 2021). There are still many factors creating uncertainty around the situation. Still, as one of Europe’s largest economies and influential political members, Germany seems to deal with it quite well so far (Holland, 2021). Thus, there are certain political risk factors concerning cooperation with Germany, but they do not seem critical. Now, it is necessary to present a brief description of the Japanese political system. Japan is a constitutional monarchy, but the emperor has a mostly symbolic role rather than real power, which belongs to the parliament, the National Diet, and the cabinet (Jansen et al.). The latter is organized and headed by the prime minister, who is formally appointed by the House of Representatives (the Diet’s lower house) (Jansen et al.). The House of Representatives has the authority to pass a resolution of no confidence, which would lead to the cabinet’s resignation (Jansen et al.). There is also an independent constitutional body, the Board of Audit, which is in charge of the annual auditing of the state accounts (Jansen et al.). Therefore, there is a division of power in Japan between different political bodies, and there also exist procedures and controlling authorities to impede the unfavorable decisions made by any of them, making Japan’s political system quite stable. Infrastructure and Education The important aspect that is vital both for the country’s general affluence and for efficient business operation is infrastructure and logistics. Due to Germany’s geographic position in the center of Europe, Germany’s net of roads and transportation roots also plays a significant role in the region’s economy (Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI)). The quality and reliability of the country’s infrastructure have been noted in a number of recent studies (GTAI). They include the World Competitiveness Yearbook developed by the Institute for Management Development (IMD) and the Investor Surveys conducted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (GTAI). According to the World Bank evaluation in 2018, Germany’s logistics performance and infrastructure state are the best worldwide (as cited by GTAI). In brief, in terms of transportation quality, speed, and reliability, Germany is the best option for business expansion and trade cooperation. Japan is located on several islands, and a well-organized infrastructure is crucial for its maintenance. It also has a highly developed network of transportation and logistics roots, including highways, railways, airports, subways, harbors, warehouses, and telecommunications (EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation). It enables the quick and reliable distribution of goods and services within the country, which is also vital for efficient business operations. In the World Bank’s 2018 assessment, Japan’s logistics performance was ranked 5th, and its infrastructure was evaluated as the second-best in the world (as cited by GTAI). These are very high indicators signaling the excellent quality of the Japanese transportation system, but its performance is weaker than Germany’s. There are several infrastructural problems that might have influenced the rating. The major ones include overcrowded public transportation systems, the shortage of better housing and open space for recreation, and the constant natural disasters risks (Jansen et al.). Moreover, the Japanese seem to be very passionate about preserving historical buildings and whole districts, which they skillfully managed to do for many years (Jansen et al.). However, it might become an obstacle to the cities’ infrastructure’s future modernization and development (Jansen et al.). Despite the overall well-developed infrastructure, these issues may be important risk factors. Another aspect that demonstrates the country’s development is the state of the education system. German educational system includes nine compulsory years of full-time schooling (European Commission). Apart from this, it involves other stages, such as kindergartens for children under six and vocational and higher education organizations for students who want to continue studying after school (European Commission). According to UNESCO, Germany is one of the top five destinations for higher education chosen by international degree students and is the third-largest country sending students to study abroad (as cited by Trines, 2021). Moreover, despite all the uncertainty with political, social, and economic repercussions Brexit brought to the EU countries, it also might have some positive consequences, including the ones for Germany’s education. As Stafford (2018) noted, the German university system may only benefit from Brexit, as it would reinforce the academic partners within Europe and might attract “the UK-based talents” to Germany (p.13). Thus, the German educational system seems to provide many opportunities to learn and develop skills in German and international students. One should separately note the role of education in Japan. This country is one of the most literate, and maintaining a high level of education is one of the national priorities (Jansen et al.). Moreover, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) appraisal, Japan ranks high among the countries that provide equal educational opportunities for students of various socioeconomic backgrounds (as cited by Chawala, 2021). Apart from that, the Japanese promote a holistic approach to education and develop children’s mastery in different disciplines (Chawala, 2021). It led the country to outstanding academic results: in the OECD’s Program for International Student Assessment, Japan was second in science and fifth in math in 2015 (Chawala, 2021). Enough attention is paid in Japan to higher education, with this sector being one of the largest in the world (Chawala, 2021). Therefore, Japan also provides sufficient educational opportunities for its citizens and upholds a high literacy level. Economic Aspects While considering business collaboration and expansion, one cannot ignore economic factors. These factors include national output, the level of unemployment, and the inflation rate. Several economic indicators are crucial for assessing the national output and the country’s economic performance. The first and one of the major ones is gross domestic product (GDP). According to the data provided by the World Bank, Germany’s GDP in 2020 amounted to 3.846 trillion US$, while Japan had a higher indicator of 5.058 trillion US$. Figure 1 demonstrates the GDP indicators of these two countries within the last twenty years. One can see that Germany has lower GDP indicators, but at the same time, it shows stable growth over this period, while Japan’s development seems more stagnant despite overall better economic performance. Figure 1. GDP (current US$) – Germany, Japan. However, knowing the country’s GDP is not enough to accurately evaluate its economic performance and potential. Another important indicator is GDP per capita, which additionally considers the countries’ population rate. Germany’s GDP per capita equaled 46,206.429 US$ in 2020, while Japan’s was 40,193.252 US$ (The World Bank). Figure 2 shows the GDP per capita rate of the two countries within the last twenty years. From this perspective, Germany shows both higher indicators and obvious economic growth. Thus, Germany’s economy seems stronger than Japan’s in terms of GDP per capita. Figure 2. GDP per capita (current US$) – Germany, Japan. The next index utilized for economic assessment is the inflation rate. This index shows the prices’ growth, with the optimal rate set by the US Federal Reserve around 2% (Warr, 2019). According to the data presented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the average consumer prices in Germany increased by 0.4% in 2020 and by 2.9% in 2021. The projection for 2022 is an inflation rate increase of 1.5% (International Monetary Fund (IMF), Germany). The inflation rate in Japan is lower: in 2020, it was 0%, in 2021, it decreased by 0.2%, and the projection for 2022 is an increase by 0.5% (IMF, Japan). Such low indicators demonstrate low demand for goods and services, which, in turn, signals slow economic growth and might even lead to increased unemployment in the future (Warr, 2019). Therefore, Germany seems to have more potential and would be a more reliable direction for business expansion. Another indicator of a healthy economy is a low unemployment rate. In Japan, it amounted to 2.8% in 2020 and 2021 and is predicted to be reduced to 2.4% in 2022 (IMF, Japan). Germany also demonstrates a reduction trend in unemployment, but with slightly higher overall indicators: 3.8% in 2020, 3.7% in 2021, and 3.6% as projected for 2022 (IMF, Germany). Therefore, both countries have a low unemployment rate that continues to reduce, but Japan demonstrates better indicators in this regard. Finally, the economy’s strength is significantly impacted by the national currency exchange rate. The currency used in Germany is the euro, and Japan’s is the yen (Schleunes et al.; Jansen et al.). The present currency exchange rates are 1 US dollar equals 0.88 euros and 115.63 yens (Bloomberg). This ratio shows that the euro is currently much more expensive than the Japanese yen, making Germany a more reliable and profitable option for potential expansion and business collaboration. Methods to offset international trade risk To mitigate potential international trade risks, I suggest the following steps. Firstly, conducting a deeper regulatory check is necessary to avoid unfavorable conditions or to break local economic laws (UniCredit). Secondly, one should also consider intercultural differences that affect business operations with foreign partners (UniCredit). It is recommended to hire expert legal and financial consultants to guide Widget’s business expansion and international cooperation (UniCredit). Another method to minimize risk factors is regularly monitoring exchange rates and other economic indicators to quickly adjust the business strategy when necessary (UniCredit). Finally, one should stay up-to-date and open-minded and use innovative business instruments to facilitate business operations and mitigate potential risks (UniCredit). By applying the methods listed above, the Widget can minimize international trade risk. Recommendation Both Germany and Japan are influential and economically developed countries with a high potential for profitable cooperation. Nevertheless, after analyzing the presented data, I would recommend Germany as a country with a more favorable environment for Widget’s international trade and business expansion. The rationale is based on several political, social, and economic factors. Precisely, the comparison of the country’s GDP, the GDP per capita, the inflation, and the national currency exchange rates demonstrated the German economy’s strength and continued growth. Moreover, its well-organized infrastructure and logistics system is another compelling argument in favor of Germany. Several political risks were outlined in this report, but no imminent disturbances likely to prevent the Widget’s successful expansion in Germany were identified. References Bloomberg. (n.d.). Currencies . Web. Ben Ameur, H., & Louhichi, W. (2021). The Brexit impact on European market co-movements . Annals of Operations Research . Web. Chawala, S. (2021). Education in Japan . World Education News and Reviews . Web. EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation. (n.d.). Infrastructures. EU Business in Japan: Business-related information about Japan . Web. European Commission. (n.d.). Germany overview. Eurydice . Web. Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI). (n.d.). Infrastructure. Web. Holland, M. (2021). Brexit in the time of coronavirus. In K. Haba & M. Holland (Eds.), Brexit and after: Perspectives on European crises and reconstruction from Asia and Europe (pp. 3-16). Springer. International Monetary Fund. (n.d.). Germany. Web. International Monetary Fund. (n.d.). Japan. Web. Jansen, M. B., Hurst, G. C., Notehelfer, F. G., Hijino, S., Latz, G., Masai, Y., Masamoto, K., Sakamoto, T., Toyoda, T., Watanabe, A., & The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Japan. In Encyclopaedia Brittanica . Web. Schleunes, K. A., Turner, H. A., Barkin, K., Bayley, C. C., Duggan, L. G., Berentsen, W. H., Kirby, G. H., Elkins, T. H., Geary, P. J., Sheehan, J. J., Heather, P. J., Leyser, K. J., Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., Hamerow, T. S., Strauss, G., & The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Germany. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Web. Stafford, N. (2018). Germany set for Brexit boost . Physics World, 31 (4), 13. Web. Trines, S. (2021). Education in Germany . World Education News and Reviews . Web. UniCredit. (n.d.). Minimize foreign trade risks with these 9 tips . Web. Warr, R.S. (2019). Everything you need to know about inflation . World Economic Forum . Web. The World Bank. (n.d.). GDP (current US$) – Germany, Japan . Web. The World Bank. (n.d.). GDP per capita (current US$) – Germany, Japan . Web.

ESSAY: Computer Usage Evolution Through Years Essay In the history of mankind, the computer has become one of the most important inventions. Hardly anyone can imagine a modern home or office without computers. While some people argue that the computer has provided us with additional conveniences, according to others, the computer has made our life more complex and stressful. I believe that computers, in the first place, have enriched our society with several advantages due to faster communication and easier access to information. The computer provides us with a fast way to communicate. In our time, when modern society is becoming more global, computers play an essential role in communication systems. Previously, communication was limited to means such as mail (Grudin, 2017). If a businessman traveled abroad, the sending of reports and reports, as a rule, was accompanied by significant delays. Since the competitiveness of a business depends on time, this situation was completely unacceptable. The Internet has allowed businesses to send messages instantly. Staff can send emails or instant messages to a manager anywhere in the world (Grudin, 2017). This has added efficiency to businesses and expanded business opportunities. For me, a computer is a technological necessity that makes my life more enjoyable and interesting. First of all, a computer is an excellent leisure tool. Watching movies and various sci-fi programs through my electronic companion is very convenient and comfortable. Also, my daily work, which brings me the lion’s share of my cash income, is not in the least tied to the computer, so it is not just a means of interactivity and entertainment but also a tool for making money. Physicians and other healthcare workers use computers for many essential uses. Computer hardware is widely used in making a diagnosis, conducting examinations and preventive examinations are examples of computer devices and methods of treatment and diagnosis (Farinella & Marco, 2018). Computed tomography and nuclear medical diagnostics provide accurate layered images of internal organ structures (Farinella & Marco, 2018). Ultrasound diagnostics and probing, using the effects of the interaction of incident and reflected ultrasonic waves, opens countless possibilities for obtaining images of internal organs and studying their condition. The diagnostics and treatment methods will be much easier with the help of computer intervention. References Farinella, G. M., & Marco, L. (2018). Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare . Academic Press. Grudin, J. (2017). From tool to partner: The evolution of human-computer interaction. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics , 10 (1), i-183.

ESSAY: Concept and Role of the Code of Practice Case Study In relation to building construction, Code of Practice may be defined as a particular set of standards, procedures, and regulations to which a contractor and developer should adhere to manage potential environmental consequences caused by construction works. For large clients, local authorities, and public bodies, it is applied to new developments and sets out requirements related to the impact of construction. It aims to provide guidance within the framework of legal, administrative, and technical systems for the protection of workers, the environment, and the public and control over major hazard installations. According to the code, by arranging separation between large centers of population, including housing, shops, schools, and hospitals, and major hazard installations and developing appropriate emergency planning, major accidents that may occur at these installations will be prevented. Code of Practice is applied to major hazard installations identified on the basis of a list of hazardous substances associated with threshold quantities. They require priority attention due to the potential for causing highly serious incidents that may negatively impact the environment and people. Thus, major hazard installations include oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical works, storage of flammable liquids, gas, and liquefied petroleum gas, fertilizer works, chemical warehouses, and water treatment works connected with chlorine. Nuclear hazards, hazards of a military nature, and the transportation of potentially hazardous chemicals are excluded from the code due to the differences in their control and management. In general, the code includes a list of activities for competent authorities that should be performed in order to establish major hazard control systems for the prevention of incidents. Competent authorities include government inspectorates and safety authorities, police, local authorities, workers and their representatives, works managements, fire and health authorities, suppliers of major hazard technologies, and other involved organizations.

ESSAY: Conditioning in Parenting: Getting Kids to Do Chores Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Parenting is usually a challenging and time-consuming process that includes many struggles and obstacles along the way. One of those is an attempt to teach the child the love to the core and develop the initiative of helping with the housekeeping duties. The research demonstrated that children with indigenous roots are much more willing to voluntarily assist their parents in chores and perform them by their wish (Doucleff, 2018). Thus, this paper will review the different aspects of learning, analyzing some of the concepts on the “Maya method” example. Main body There are three main elements of learning: classical and operant conditions and observational learning. Classical implies the development of the unconscious while operant is responsible for the conscious operations (Coon, et al., 2018). In turn, observational learning is based on the adopted behavior seen in society and the close surroundings (Coon, et al., 2018). Moreover, those concepts are demonstrated in the “Maya method” in how Mexican mothers teach their children to perform chores. For instance, when children feel the smell of delicious food stimulates the unlearned response, they may enjoy the cooking because it resonates with the unconscious pursuit for nutrition (Simon, 2018, 5:32). Another method of teaching a child to do chores is through the operant condition. Unlike the previous example of the classical condition, in this way, a child starts to associate the activities with certain emotions and feelings. Doucleff, for example, integrated games and entertaining into the routine, so her toddler perceives it not as a burden but a pleasant activity that she may voluntarily perform (Doucleff, 2018). In addition, through operational learning, the child quickly remembers and understands the core of the household duties and willingly strives to be integrated into the activities to be a part of the family (Simon, 2018, 3:57). However, physical punishment will only result negatively, and through operant conditions will form the loathing towards the chores. Conclusion In conclusion, conditioning in parenting plays a crucial role, specifically in teaching children how to do chores regularly by their own will. With the classical and operant conditions and observational learning, parents can voluntarily integrate their children into the housework. While building positive associations and reactions with the chore performance, it is still vital to avoid compulsion and physical punishment, resulting in a negative attitude towards responsibilities. References Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., & Martini, T. S. (2018). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (15th Edition). Cengage Learning US. Web. Doucleff, M. (2018). How to get kids to do chores: Does the Maya method work? . NPR. Web. Simon, S. (Host). (2018). How to get your kids to do chores (Without Resenting It) . [Audio podcast episode]. In Goats and Soda. NPR. Web.

ESSAY: Conditions of People Migrating to the U.S.: Hispanic Migration Research Paper Introduction Throughout the history of the United States, the country was the primary direction for out-migration from Latin America. Hispanic and Latino migrants from different countries started to come to the U.S. before the beginning of the Gold Rush. In the following centuries, the influx of Hispanic migrants to the country increased significantly. This paper will consider the conditions of Hispanic out-migration to the U.S. and the reasons that caused the migration of the discussed populations. In addition, different views on Hispanic migration and its effect on the country, including the current impact, will be examined. History of Hispanic Migration The Gold Rush Although the Hispanic minority was present on the territory of the United States since the annexation of Florida and Louisiana, the first great migration started after the end of the U.S.-Mexican War. The end of the war coincided with the discovery of gold in California and led to the first significant influx of Latino migrants to the U.S. (D. Gutiérrez). In addition, the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo signed in 1848 resulted in the territories of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah being surrendered by Mexico to the United States (Gregory). Thus, the Hispanic individuals living in these states were naturalized as U.S. citizens, and several thousands of Mexican migrants came to California to work in the gold mines. Overall, most Hispanic migrants to the U.S. in the second half of the 19th century were Mexican. First Half of the 20 th Century The migration from Latin American countries to the United States continued during the 20th century. In the first half of the century, Mexican comprised the majority of the Hispanic migrants to the country, with a small proportion of immigrants from the Caribbean countries. The influx of migrants can be explained by the acceleration of the agricultural sector in the U.S. and the need for seasonal farmworkers (R. Gutiérrez 3). Although many Latino immigrants were deported during this time, the government invited Mexican laborers to work in the defense industries and the agricultural sector due to the lack of workers caused by the Second World War (Gregory). Thus, the second wave of Hispanic migration was characterized by the need for workers. Second Half of the 20 th Century During the second half of the 20th century, the Hispanic migration to the U.S. became more diverse. Migrants from Puerto Rico and Cuba were granted permission to enter the country as the former were considered U.S. citizens, while the latter were granted the status of refugees due to Cuba being a Communist country (Gregory). Migrants from other Latin American countries were scarcer due to fewer quotas for the number of persons allowed in the U.S. granted to them. Reasons for Migration and Migration Conditions The reasons for Hispanic migrants to travel to the United States are varied. However, it can be argued that the economic reason was and remains most prominent. The country offered high wages for unskilled labor that compared favorably with the wages offered for the same work in the Latin American and Caribbean countries (Sánchez-Alonso 11). Compared to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other nations, the United States offered more opportunities for migrants from those countries. In addition, various political events, such as the Mexican Revolution, contributed to many people being displaced and immigrating to a safer country (D. Gutiérrez). Most Hispanic migrants opted to move to the United States for economic reasons. It should be noted that a large percentage of immigrants moved to the U.S. as spouses or children of American citizens. In the first waves of migration, spouses often came to the country together. However, most women worked in the household, with under 20% of Hispanic female migrants obtaining positions outside it, primarily in the domestic and personal service sector (R. Gutiérrez 8). Later, the migration trend changed to male migrants coming to the country first in order to find work and establish themselves in the United States before their families could join them. Thus, legislation allowed legal spouses, minor children, and parents of adult U.S. citizens to move to the country (R. Gutiérrez 15). Overall, the conditions of Hispanic individuals migrating to the United States changed substantially throughout history. Views on Hispanic Migration to the U.S. The Hispanic migration to the country was a divisive topic, and people with distinct points of view saw the issues differently. During the Gold Rush and the first half of the 20th century, Hispanic migrants were often victimized and discriminated against due to their ethnicity (R. Gutiérrez 22). However, employers considered migrants essential to maximize profit (R. Gutiérrez 22). In 1965, the Hart-Celler Act was established to prevent discrimination and better account for immigrants coming to the U.S. from different countries, affecting many ethnic minorities (R. Gutiérrez 14). Although the act regulates what persons are allowed to enter and remain in the country, it is often argued that the act normalizes and decriminalizes the anti-Mexican laws that are ignored when there is a need for seasonal workers (R. Gutiérrez 22). In the last two decades, views on immigration did not change substantially, with the Republicans viewing it as a critical threat, while the democrats have a milder view on it (Hammer and Kafura 2). Overall, the view on Hispanic migration remained largely negative since the first arrival of immigrants during the Californian Gold Rush. Effect of Hispanic Migration to the U.S. Effect of Migration throughout the History of the Country Throughout the history of the United States, Hispanic migration primarily affected the country’s economy. During the Gold Rush, the Hispanic population comprised primarily Mexican migrants, who were engaged in several economic sectors, including the gold, copper, and coal industries (R. Gutiérrez 5). One of the most significant contributions of the small Hispanic populations was their work on the railroads and irrigation systems in the West of the U.S. (R. Gutiérrez 5). It should be noted that the labor of the Hispanic community was less restricted by government policies and regulations than other migrant groups. At the beginning of the 20th century, authorized and unauthorized Mexican immigrants comprised the majority of seasonal agricultural workers in the southwest of the United States (R. Gutiérrez 8). Furthermore, in the 1940s, due to the mobilization of the American population, the U.S. government established a guest worker program with Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Latin American countries (D. Gutiérrez; Gregory). Since the onset of the Hispanic influx to the country, migrants have become indispensable in the labor market. The influx of Hispanic migrants and immigrants from other nations also led to the development and establishment of various policies and government agencies. For example, the arrival of vast numbers of Hispanic and Asian individuals into the U.S. through the Mexican border led to the creation of the U.S. Border Patrol in 1924 (R. Gutiérrez 7). In addition, Hispanic migration contributed to a change in the demographic composition of the United States. Overall, the Hispanic migration to the United States substantially affected the country’s development, legislation, and economy. Current and Projected Effect of Migration The Hispanic migration to the United States of America continues to affect the country today. According to Huertas and Kirkegaard, the Hispanic population of the U.S. contributes significantly to the economic growth and development of the nation and is expected to continue this contribution in the coming decades (2). Today, first, second, and third-generation Hispanic migrants achieve better living standards than migrants from other countries and actively engage in the country’s economic life. Huertas and Kirkegaard point out that the Hispanic community has higher levels of opportunity-driven business ventures that support the economy than other U.S. populations. Research shows that the Hispanic population of the United States is among the youngest ethnic minorities (Huertas and Kirkegaard 19). If the non-Hispanic labor force is aging and is less likely to contribute to the economy, the Hispanic population remains relatively young and vital. A forecast predicts that by 2048 the Latino community will account for most of the labor input in the country’s economy (Huertas and Kirkegaard 20). Thus, Hispanic migration is expected to play a crucial role in the future of the United States. Conclusion In summary, the Hispanic migrant community has a long history in the United States. Since the Gold Rush and throughout the 20th century, migrants from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Latin countries have come to the country. Their reasons for migrating to the country were primarily economic due to better wages being offered in the U.S. compared to their countries of origin. Although the views on Hispanic migration primarily remain negative, this community contributes significantly to the economy of the United States. Works Cited Gregory, James. “Latinx Great Migrations – Migration History 1850-2017.” Civil Rights and Labor History Consortium , University of Washington, 2018, Web. Gutiérrez, David G. “American Latino Theme Study: Immigration (U.S. National Park Service).” NPS.gov , U.S. National Park Service, 2020, Web. Gutiérrez, Ramón A. “Mexican Immigration to the United States.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History , 2019, pp. 1-30, Web. Hammer, Bettina, and Craig Kafura. Republicans and Democrats in Different Worlds on Immigration . The Chicago Council of Global Affairs, 2019. Web. Huertas, Gonzalo, and Jacob F. Kirkegaard. The Economic Benefits of Latino Immigration: How the Migrant Hispanic Population’s Demographic Characteristics Contribute to US Growth . Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2019. Web. Sánchez-Alonso, Blanca. “The age of mass migration in Latin America.” The Economic History Review , vol. 72, no. 1, 2018, pp. 3-31.

ESSAY: Confederate Monuments Strengthen White Supremacy Essay In the present day, the preservation of Confederate statues provokes multiple discussions. According to the official political agenda supported by former President Donald Trump, these monuments are the historical symbols of the United States that should be protected. However, more and more evidence supports the public opinion that Confederate statues should be removed as they aim to demonstrate racial disparities and the supremacy of Whites. The main argument of this claim is supported by the fact that the majority of monuments were erected not directly after the Civil War but in the 1900-the 1920s (Best, 2020). During this period, several discriminatory laws against Black people’s social rights were enacted. The construction of Confederate monuments was sponsored by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. In the present day, it was regarded as a part of the union’s long-lasting strategy that aimed to strengthen White supremacy and social inequities based on race. The connection of statues with structured racism is obvious as the second wave of Confederate monuments’ erection was in the 1920-1940s, along with “Black Americans’ fighting for civil rights and pushing back against widespread lynchings in the South” (Best, 2020, para. 4). Thus, Confederate monuments placed across Southern states, especially on courthouse grounds, aimed to demonstrate the protection of Whites by the law. The undeniable racial context of monuments’ construction has finally led to their removal or relocation during the last several years in response to discrimination against Black citizens. From a personal perspective, it is impossible to deny that Confederate statues were directly connected with efforts to strengthen White supremacy. That is why a considerable number of them may be removed – however, not all. In general, human history includes both positive and negative events. Although a considerable number of people prefer to destroy all attributes of tragic times, they should be remembered as well. In other words, mistakes of the past should be remembered for their avoidance in the future. Reference Best, R. (2020). Confederate statues were never really about preserving history . FiveThirtyEight. Web.

ESSAY: Conflict Management in the Healthcare Workplace Essay Conflict management at the workplace is one of the crucial elements related to the organization of work in healthcare facilities. In this regard, McKibben (2017) asserts that conflict is an inevitable part of any human interaction, especially when the collective activity is associated with physical, mental, and ethical complexity found in hospitals. Consequently, if ignored or not handled adequately, the disputes between the colleges at the workplace lead to decreased performance and satisfaction levels of the involved employees (Suifan, Alhyari, & Sweis, 2020). This, in turn, negatively impacts the overall quality of provided patient care. Therefore, it is important to resolve the conflicts as soon as they appear. However, to understand how to manage disputes effectively, one should understand the factors that cause them. In general, all the antecedents of organizational conflicts may be divided into three groups, namely individual, interpersonal, and organizational. As for the former, Kim et al. (2017) argue that the healthcare professional’s self-esteem, self-focus, emotional intelligence, prevalent responses to conflict, communication styles, and overall worldview determine the frequency and severity of the disputes. In a similar vein, Chang, Chen, and Chen (2017) found that a person’s license level, age, and previous experience of working in other collectives can all affect the behavior during conflict situations. Interpersonal conflicts, on the contrary, are caused by such factors as lack of trust and respect towards a person, power abuse, and ineffective communication (Kim et al., 2017). Finally, organizational conflicts stem from the overall structure and work arrangement. In this respect, such factors as ambiguously defined responsibilities and inadequate hierarchy can cause dissatisfaction and disputes (Kim et al., 2017; McKibben, 2017). Therefore, this type of conflict appears as a result of weak or wrongful management decisions. I have also participated in several conflicts that can be explained by the factors mentioned above. Firstly, I have a friend who is generally a good person but who is quite self-focused; thus, he often fails to recognize other people’s opinions. Due to that, we usually have to do what he wants, which eventually leads to conflict when I become tired of compromising. Secondly, I have noticed that many conflicts between me and my parents and friends are caused by my inability to control one’s emotions. Finally, once, we had a conflict with my classmates while working on the team project as we failed to discuss the responsibilities of each person before starting. References Chang, T. F., Chen, C. K., & Chen, M. J. (2017). A study of interpersonal conflict among operating room nurses. Journal of Nursing Research, 25 (6), 400-410. Web. Kim, S., Bochatay, N., Relyea-Chew, A., Buttrick, E., Amdahl, C., Kim, L., Frans, E., Mossanen, M., Khandekar, A., Fehr, R., & Lee, Y. M. (2017). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors of healthcare conflict: A scoping review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 31 (3), 282-290. Web. McKibben, L. (2017). Conflict management: Importance and implications. British Journal of Nursing, 26 (2), 100-103. Web. Suifan, T. S., Alhyari, S., & Sweis, R. J. (2020). A moderated mediation model of intragroup conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 31 (1), 91-114. Web.

ESSAY: Confucian Gentleman and Platonic Philosopher-King Essay In many philosophies, some archetypes can be described as the perfect self in terms of the way of living one’s life. In Confucianism, such a man called junzi — a noble person or gentleman — is a common aspiration (Yu-kit 223). The combination of the highest qualities that an ideal human being should possess is an almost unachievable goal, yet the one that is held in high regard by many. This essay will describe the Confucian gentleman and compare this idealistic archetype with Plato’s philosopher-king. This idea that stems from the traditional Chinese culture continues to hold its importance for society. Such a man stands above evil ideas, recognizes them, and counteracts their effects to the best of their abilities (Yu-kit 225). Moreover, the Confucian gentleman helps others to do so through the transfer of knowledge (Yu-kit 223). Yu-kit writes that a noble person, according to Confucius, must take “a dual role of an exemplar and educator” (224). Virtues are the second nature of this man, and he exhibits them daily. The Confucian gentleman is the one who lives by the highest moral standards and aims to help others achieve the realization of this goal. Plato’s philosopher-king possesses several similarities to this archetypical role. They both are set to exhibit certain positive moral qualities while addressing negative ones through reason and rationale. He is ultimately humble and stoic and continuously seeks wisdom for the sake of the betterment of society (Mark). Notably, Plato’s archetype is more leaning toward education rather than living life as a role model for others. In conclusion, both roles possess certain qualities that define a noble person following moral qualities, such as kindness, fairness, selflessness, and the striving for harmony. However, Plato’s version of an ideal person is a stoic leader who puts wisdom at the highest value, while the Confucian gentleman is set to uphold moral values first. They are both set to uplift the personal values of other people through kindness and selflessness. Works Cited Mark, J. J. “Marcus Aurelius: Plato’s Philosopher-king.” World History Encyclopedia , 2018, Web. Yu-kit, C. “Confucianism.” The Routledge Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Culture , edited by S. Chan, Routledge, 2019.

ESSAY: Consequentialism as an Ethical Philosophy Essay Consequentialism is an ethical philosophy that determines whether something is right or wrong based on its repercussions. The consequentialist view of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide has always had opponents and supporters. While there are scholars and researchers who believe that legalizing a given activity will be a so-called slippery slope, others believe that prohibiting it is a violation of fundamental rights and disregards human autonomy. Support for independence and choice is commonly cited as a major motivation for legalizing physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. However, Dickinson et al. state that 80% of healthcare workers find the given practice not ethically justifiable (Dickinson et al., 2002). Meanwhile, several publications have argued that this is due to a misunderstanding of autonomy’s ethical importance (Sjöstrand et al., 2011). It has been claimed that if autonomy is correctly understood as a value, then assisted suicide and euthanasia are both unethical since they damage the patient’s rights. Sjöstran et al. explore the argument of autonomy by delving into the idea of its value. Beginning with the present discussion in end-of-life healthcare, two distinct perspectives of how autonomy is valued were examined. The scholars examined one argument where euthanasia and PAS could be against the best interest of patients and a second argument where euthanasia implies a right to uphold autonomy (Sjöstrand et al., 2011). As a result, Sjöstran et al. determined that neither line of argument can be utilized since not all cases of PAS or euthanasia can be considered acceptable, and the harmful consequences outweigh these arguments. On the contrary, Weinstock perceives harm reduction without focusing on other views. The concept of harm reduction has grown both horizontally to apply to a wider variety of policy areas and vertically to become part of the official socioeconomic and regulatory debate (Weinstock, 2020). In his work, Weinstock states that deliberate harm reduction effectively accounts for some of the most appealing aspects of harm minimization and offers a credible manner of reasoning for the justificatory principles and limitations of harm reduction (Weinstock, 2020). Weinstock stresses consequentialist concerns to regulate and control the activity rather than descend the pointless route of determining whose view is accurate about the ethical implications of the conduct. On the other hand, the last argument proves that relying solely on consequences can violate people’s rights and freedoms. In Smith’s paper, a slippery slope argument is taken into consideration. It is seen as fallacious because it rejects a plan of action, despite a lack of proof (Smith, 2005). PAS and euthanasia would be believed to generate a domino effect that will ultimately lead to an undesired result. Smith claimed that the slippery slope argument opposing PAS and euthanasia is fully consequentialist (Smith, 2005). As a result, using it to support the restriction of voluntary euthanasia includes failing to treat people who seek help in terminating their lives as ends in themselves. Hence, the consequentialist argument that focuses on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide stresses the importance of the repercussions of the given practice. On the one hand, the researchers found that the given activity is a slippery slope and should be regulated and prohibited due to its negative impact on society and the pointlessness of ethical implications. On the other hand, others viewed this argument as unnecessary due to a violation of human autonomy and failure to comply with their wills. References Dickinson, Lancaster, C. J., Clark, D., Ahmedzai, S. H., & Noble, W. (2002). U.K. physicians’ attitudes toward active voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Death Studies , 26 (6), 479–490. Sjöstrand, Helgesson, G., Eriksson, S., & Juth, N. (2011). Autonomy-based arguments against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: a critique. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy , 16 (2), 225–230. Web. Smith. (2005). Fallacies of the Logical Slippery Slope in the Debate on Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. Medical Law Review , 13 (2), 224–243. Web. Weinstock. (2020). Disagreement, Unenforceability, and Harm Reduction. Health Care Analysis , 28 (4), 314–323. Web.

ESSAY: Contemporary Romanticism in “The Perks of Being a Wallflower” Term Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Dreams and Their Fall: Growing Up 3. First Love 4. Painful Past and Memories 5. Fear, Doubt, and Disappointment 6. Conclusion 7. Reference Introduction An example of contemporary romanticism is The Perks of Being a Wallflower . The main focus is on the 16-year-old boy Charlie, who is surrounded by typical problems for his age: school parties, cool friends, relationships, unrequited love, drugs and alcohol, and teenage depression. Like any romantic character, Charlie struggles with the outer reality that he is unwilling to accept. The central romantic idea of the movie is that the protagonist is that Charlie matures, and his view of the world, experience, and environment changes. Therefore, even though people can hardly view modern films from the point of view of romanticism, The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a worthy example of a romantic work of art. Dreams and Their Fall: Growing Up The childhood period allows a person to create many dreams, in which the young psyche believes until the first failure. The film’s main characters, Charlie, Patrick, and Sam, although seeming pretty grown-up people, are filled with childish hopes. Sam rejects Charlie in favor of Craig, and he does not know how to get over this disappointment. However, current events do not lead to Charlie writing music or dedicating poetry to Sam. He does not go on a journey toward his dreams and does not engage in charity in self-sacrificing attempts. Charlie decides to try a relationship with Mary Elizabeth, but he cannot forget Sam. Charlie meets the force of his emotions, succumbs to it, and cannot resist or hide it. He suffers condemnation from society, which rationalizes his actions and demands this rationalization from him. These accusations from people make Charlie feel alone and renunciate. Thus ends, it would seem, his dream of great love, destroyed by circumstances and strongest emotions. Adolescence for many people is associated with a strong need to feel included and attached to a social group, and they find spiritual loneliness unbearable and non-recognition from their peers. Many people dream of a big group of friends, modern teenagers, not the ones about whom the film tells, try to spend time on social networks to share their thoughts with pen pals. It is also essential for adolescents to be considered part of the community; their first (or one of the first) experiences of self-determination and identification are associated. This experience in the future will have a tremendous impact on self-esteem, positioning in society, and the formation of requirements for other people. Escape from loneliness and an attempt to self-define by finding friends runs throughout the film. Charlie contrasts with Patrick, who has a lot of attention and wears a smile on his face. Charlie wants to befriend him but does not know how to do it. He does not know anything about Patrick initially, and this charisma draws him in. Charlie is a romantic character, overwhelmed by thoughts of himself, and memories (Steiner & Foster, 2020). People like him are often precocious; peers are usually bored with Charlie; the character is drawn exceptionally. He cherishes the dream of making friends in his heart, and by the end of the movie, he finds real friends. However, there were some problems and disappointments along the way. First Love First love, the purest feeling, is often described in romantic writing from different perspectives. It is often unhappy love, where the main character experiences non-reciprocal feelings. Sometimes romantic authors use tricks to show that the characters love each other, but they cannot be together due to circumstances (and only due to them). Perhaps, in the example The Perks of Being a Wallflower , the characters occupy some intermediate position. Charlie falls in love with Sam while she is in a formal relationship with Craig. After being rejected, Charlie becomes confused about his feelings and wants to start with Mary Elizabeth. Perhaps, as a young man, a teenager, certain social expectations are pressing on him, so it seems to him that he should have a couple. He has no feelings for Mary Elizabeth but officially enters into a relationship with her, and she becomes his first girlfriend. Having experienced the disappointment of rejection, Charlie does not understand that Mary Elizabeth is in love with him unrequitedly and inflicts mental trauma on her. He agrees to a relationship with her only for the sake of, perhaps, status and his peace of mind. After he kisses Sam, the friends take Mary Elizabeth’s side. Being a victim of unrequited love, Charlie makes Mary Elizabeth the same victim. In romantic works, the authors often show the ambivalence of the feelings of young people. Young people who are not yet experienced in expressing feelings and emotions may show neglect or even cruelty (Steiner & Foster, 2020). The love story of Charlie and Sam is not perfect and is not a model or standard of a romantic story. There are many contradictions here, and the characters do things that reveal them from the wrong side, even though age justifies many things. On the other hand, the film also unfolds the history of homosexual love. Patrick and Brad are two attractive young people who are in a relationship. Patrick is always smiling, surrounded by many friends, knows how to play the guitar, and becomes the ringleader at parties. Friends can call such people the company’s soul because others are very comfortable with them. It is easy for Brad to fade into the background next to Patrick, who is in the spotlight. Brad prefers a slightly less relaxed lifestyle and generally hides his sexuality from most people. It is this inept stealth that destroys Patrick and Brad’s relationship. It seemed that they started very quickly and collapsed very soon due to the fault of Brad’s father. In the example of these relationships, elements of secret love, the secrecy of relationships, and the intimacy of young people, who are still a little awkward in communication, can be traced. At the same time, these relationships show the speed of love feelings burning and fading and, not least, the cruelty of love prohibitions; the latter is widespread in romantic works. Painful Past and Memories Throughout the film, Charlie is experiencing the past problem, tormented by memories of the loss of two close people: an aunt and a friend. It is only towards the end of the film that he subjugates these memories and discovers the psychological trauma; his family and friends are supportive, which surprises Charlie. Perhaps it is appropriate to say that it was the experiences from the past that negatively affected Charlie’s self-esteem. For many teenagers, this can be an example of how past unanswered questions and misunderstandings can hurt. Charlie seeks help from a psychologist, unable to deal with the past trauma. Only professional support opens his eyes to what happened and teaches him to rejoice with his friends in life. Charlie realizes that he and his friends have a lot of pleasant events ahead. Fixation of the past becomes meaningless for him; these impediments need to be removed. Charlie would have suffered from self-flagellation and accusations without working through childhood trauma. Constant guilt weighed heavily on his soul, and he suffered like a romantic hero. Fear, Doubt, and Disappointment Young Charlie constantly suffers from fears and fear; his soul is full of uncertainty and doubt. He is not sure of himself as a man; he is not sure of himself as a friend. The childhood trauma described above does not allow him to relax and gain self-confidence. Charlie’s undertakings, which turn out to be unsuccessful, hurt him and lead him to do stupid things (communication and relationships with Mary Elizabeth after Sam rejected in favor of Craig), which he endlessly regrets. The romantic hero thus finds himself in endless torment, passing from one cause to another. Only the circumstance changes, but not the strong feeling experienced. In the movie The Perks of Being a Wallflower , these feelings are fear, doubt, and disappointment. Conclusion The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a relevant example of modern romanticism in cinema, especially since modern culture has long rejected the ideals of romanticism of the Schlegel brothers. Charlie takes leave of his dreams and fantasies throughout the film. Viewers can see how they break down and their effect on Charlie. Charlie and his friends experience first love and separation, first rejection, and attempts to avoid suffering. Like a typical hero of romanticism, Charlie is tormented by the memories. He does not let go of the memories, and they hang like a burden on his soul, constantly forcing him to experience uncertainty. As a result, Charlie lives his youth in doubt, fear, and disappointment. He is vulnerable and cannot appreciate his failure to communicate, relate to the woman he likes, and accept himself. Reference Steiner, L., & Foster, M. (Eds.). (2020). Romanticism, philosophy, and literature . Springer International Publishing.

ESSAY: Contexts of The Lemonade Album by Beyonce Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Feminism Theory & Beyonce’s Lemonade Album (Formation Track) 3. Postcolonial Theory & Beyonce’s Lemonade Album (Sorry Track) 4. Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction Beyonce’s profession has been characterized by an image that speaks to concepts of ‘female power’ and sovereignty associated with the advent of postfeminist contemporary music in the 1990s. Postfeminism in modern culture has been defined by ideals of autonomy, individuality, and the re-commodification of femininity. It is sometimes referred to as a non-political feminist philosophy. Her expanding dominance of the mainstream entertainment sector, on the other hand, has positioned her in a privileged situation in significant cultural realms, allowing her to interact with more politically charged subjects in her songs. Her expanding dominance of the mainstream music sector, on the other hand, has positioned her in a unique role in popular cultural realms, allowing her to interact with more highly political subjects in her songs. Beyonce signalled a conscious and evident transition in her articulation of femininity and identity with explicit allusions to political equality in her Lemonade album. Feminism Theory & Beyonce’s Lemonade Album (Formation Track) Lemonade is a natural progression of the modern mainstream soundtrack’s exploration of black feminism. Incorporating familiar sociopolitical images and a stronger concentration on the socio-cultural devastation connected with white dominance also represents a transition into a more aggressive posture. Lemonade , Beyonce’s 2016 audio-visual album, takes the viewer through several traumatic events of her lifetime, apparently in response to her spouse, Jay-Z’s acts of infidelity (Brooks and Martin, 2019). Although it is predominantly connected with the emancipation of black women, it also elevates the appreciation of black heritage and the amazement of femininity to unprecedented heights. Several works on the album expand on the black feminist concepts by including previous allusions and reflecting on current manifestations of unfairness and oppression. Despite detractors’ claims that Lemonade presents black women as victims, Lemonade encourages black women to publicly voice their rage since there is no worse injustice than wallowing in self-pity (Austin, Maner, Rutter and Scott, 2019). Due to the general manner by which it consolidates the emotions of Black women, interaction with Black men, parental connection, and interactions with fellow Black women, Beyonce’s hit album Lemonade has been dubbed a Black feminist masterpiece. Parenthood, the “loving and tribulation heritage,” and Afrocentrism are prevalent aspects throughout the soundtrack. On the other hand, Lemonade can be said to be an anti-Black feminist composition due to its hints of Afrocentrism, which maintains multiple misogynistic views about Black women (Laing et al., n.d.). However, with the Formation hit acting as the crucial argument song in this thesis, the Lemonade album may be a move from empowering black third-wave feminism principles to aggressive engagement. The Formation, a new song by Beyonce, was released alongside a politically heated musical film. This tune caused a global commotion in the musical sector. This track was considered a scandal by masses of individuals all over the globe. The musical visuals and lyrics sparked widespread controversy and a global confrontation. This encompasses aesthetic ideals, sovereignty, heritage, and shared historical events. Beyonce is attempting to drive over to everyone because there are serious concerns that are routinely disregarded (Webster, n.d.). She also states that she will if no one else is willing to speak up on these topics. Prejudice against African American culture, excessive use of force, catastrophe, and ethnic heritage were all presented in the lines. The very initial segment of the film features scenes of Antebellum America, complete with distinctive clothes, decor, and construction that, considering the music’s setting, are highly reflective of the past of slave labourers on Southern farmland than the wealth and prosperity represented in the clip. The presentation of traditional Creole dishes and a brief twerking performance near the opening are other tributes to Creole customs. Owing to its origins in the choreography continuity, which is significant to the African population, and its relationship to the mainstream performing milieu, the latter has remained a fundamental symbol of black identity. Stated, Beyonce made extensive use of all analogies to black womanhood to convey the narrative and increase its resonance. While Formation is not a comprehensive representation of feminism, it certainly highlights the myriad aspects feminism manifests in feminists’ regular lifestyles. Beyonce has hailed black women’s victories at a season when white feminism and the conventional press frequently reject them. Beyonce embraces her black womanhood and all that entails, and she advises everybody else to practice the same. Relationships, parenting, procreative injustice, and queer and trans ideologies are discussed in the soundtrack and its associated video soundtrack (Cooper and Gold, 2017). Beyonce’s discourses and analogies struck ashore for the young black women and trans who travelled to Leigh, attempting to shake off millennial damage inflicted by colonialism, hegemony, and internalized oppression. This was a beginning point for them to decide to unravel their traumatic event and convey unique black feminist discourse. People say that black feminism should emulate Beyonce’s footsteps and recognize sexual identity as an asset rather than denying it, allowing black women to reimagine genders, delights, and connections in surprising ways (Anderson, 2018). Beyonce emphasizes the need of remaining grateful as a black feminist and that the best vengeance is to work by stressing the importance of activism and not giving in to racial, gender, or sexual identity. Another critical characteristic of the soundtrack that can be seen in the song under discussion is the high political background, which is uncommon in Beyonce’s performances. This is particularly evident in the video’s concluding portion, in which the wholly armed riot cops are spotted in posture. This appears to be connected to Michael Brown’s tragic execution by a law enforcement officer and the ensuing community outrage, which encompassed the hands up movement (Iddon and Marshall, 2021). In the music video, Beyonce is surrounded by dressed black men, alluding to enslavement and African Americans’ quest for emancipation. After that, Beyonce is resting on top of a cop vehicle, surrounded by surging flooding waters and crumbling residences. The sinking of the cop vehicle with Beyonce on top represents the position of black women as the foundation and vanguard of political revolutions throughout history. Abilities and perseverance are on comprehensive exhibit when similar acts are committed. The camera picture displays a graffiti label demanding that the cops cease executing us as the youngster lifts his hands in the air whilst posing in front of the cops. The photo displays a graffiti message demanding that the cops cease firing them (Hartmann, 2017). This graphic is linked to the Black Lives Matter Movement by highlighting anti-violence and anti-racism efforts directed at black people. The songwriter’s theme of obtaining information is reinforced by such pictures, which stresses the subjugation of the black community. Another obvious political allusion is the publication with the photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. and the tagline “the truth” shown in one of several episodes. This concept was pushed to a different extreme during Beyonce’s Formation World Tour when she was photographed donning apparel with a black panther pattern. This was undoubtedly connected to the Black Panther Party, a revolutionary movement that campaigned for black people’s freedom but was chastised for its imperialist views. Beyonce’s Super Bowl 50 presentation, in which she and her dance troupe wore a black beanie and leather clothing evocative of the Black Panthers’ favourite look and stood for the cameras with uplifted hands, backs up this argument. Formation emphasized Beyonce’s status as a contemporary influence, entertainer, and superstar. Despite many emerging musical celebrities, she devotes closely to her century’s trends and is always conscious of what is happening in the virtual environment. She is impacted by current occurrences and strives to influence a difference via her words and abilities (Washington, n.d.). Beyonce’s film emphasizes her cultural feminist movement, sovereignty, and identity through political examples, highlighting her personal and corporate achievements. Postcolonial Theory & Beyonce’s Lemonade Album (Sorry Track) Postcolonial theory is a school of philosophy that focuses on the political, cultural, intellectual, historical, and societal consequences of European colonialism throughout the globe from the 18th to the 20th centuries. According to postcolonial theory, decolonized individuals establish a postcolonial authenticity centred on the contextual interplay among various narratives such as contextual, regional, and cultural roots, as well as sexual identity and class-based affiliations, all of which are given differing grades of socioeconomic authority by Victorian administration (Haddour, n.d.). Considering how lengthy the entertainment sector has served as a proxy for culture’s chauvinistic principles, both the musical documentary’s choreography and the vocals of “Sorry” operate in support of the essential recovery that women must do in totality. There is a complexity to the perception of slavery for black women. “Sorry” answers this uncomfortable situation by claiming attributes that aren’t usually linked to black feminism. Consequently, the black woman in postcolonial America is faced with the obligation to restore and restructure herself to areas that had historically been prohibited, as Beyoncé does in “Sorry” (Edwards, Esposito and Evans-Winters, 2018). On the other hand, Beyonce should partake in the very same behaviours of oppression to which she has been subjugated to indulge in this crucial regaining. It’s crucial to comprehend the media on which Beyoncé released “Sorry,” and how this platform functions to practically depict Beyoncé’s transition from separation from fellow women to oneness with them. Because “Sorry” was published as part of a more comprehensive visual piece, the visible features of the live performance are crucial to the track’s general thrust (Vox – Understand the News, 2022). This composition combines collective performers and outfit alterations to represent Beyonce as cohesive and unified with the women surrounding her, rather than isolated and separated. The movie “Sorry” is exclusively shot in monochrome. This emphasizes pure white but minimizes the relevance of shades, such as her yellow costume in the song “Hold Up”, which was meant to represent her connection with the sunshine. The use of monologue filming emphasizes the Spillers’ racial discrepancy even more. The practical method of filmmaking in black and white, for instance, ensures that there is no debate about the apparent variations in hue, both culturally and aesthetically. As the song progresses, the need to reclaim agency becomes more apparent. Suicide before you see this teardrop stream down my eyes, Beyonce sings, the message achingly evident that she would prefer to die by my own hands than let you know the misery you’ve inflicted me. Though it appears to be a rhetorical device with a hefty dose of melodrama, the topic of freedom is once again evident. This thematic authority is found in past occurrences and Beyonce’s break-up hymn. The notion of a woman preferring to perish instead of bowing to a man’s power is as old as the African Slave Market. Women have tried everything in their ability to restore their independence when it has been taken away from them, even if it meant death (Jeffery, 2021). Beyonce’s wordplay yet anew alluded to a double character of black feminism. Not only does she need to reclaim her authority following the distress of a broken engagement, but also remembers the foundations of previous black women activist before her. those who were prepared to perish on their contexts instead of appending to their men counterparts. Beyonce is partaking in the current societal tendency to set women against one another. She selects to finish with a restatement of the sentence “you better call Becky with the good hair” out of all the concluding statements in the composition. Thereby, Beyonce’s songwriting approach has shifted the song’s focus aside from the trustworthy source of her rage, the betraying spouse, and toward the perpetrator of the trauma, “Becky,” the woman with whom Beyonce was betrayed. Since the culminating anger or fury at the song’s end is intended especially at her, “Becky” has assumed Beyonce’s subject in the “Sorry” story. Referencing both the unfaithful spouse and the lady with whom the infidelity took place in fury communicates some level of responsibility for the transgression. At the same time, Becky pledged no such pledges or promises to Beyonce and thus cannot be held responsible (Awaliyah, Mustofa and Sam’ah, 2021). Instead, shifting the blame from the guy to the woman shifts the focus away from the cheater. The song “Sorry” concerns men’s lack of sovereignty and authority. It sparks debates on gender identification and formalized political correctness, varying from traditional female conduct to black hair ideology. It is a composition that is developed on the foundation of the past. It is not afraid to use pictures that may appear too gloomy for popular discourse, including the iconography from the Atlantic Slave Market discussed earlier (Beyoncé’s Lemonade : “A winner don’t quit”, 2017). Since the black woman’s narrative is inextricably linked to these discourses and heritage, it is crucial to interact with it. Conclusion In conclusion, Beyonce shows the still very present social and political institutions that impact the livelihoods of persons of colour, women, and underdogs around the globe – by investigating manufactured racialized identification as a result of dominant hierarchies of white supremacy. She develops a broad discussion by analyzing and critiquing concepts of sex and ethnicity, capturing the essence of the contemporary cultural and political period in the United States. While not lacking flaws, she has effectively involved listeners in these discussions while also introducing women of colour to the primarily white world of American contemporary society and performance. As a result, Lemonade emerges as a crucial cultural narrative that responds to current political and socio-economic challenges confronting African American societies and women of colour in the 21st century. Beyonce maintains a distinctive stance in the entertainment industry besides persisting in navigating racial, sexual, and gender matters through her music and charismatic personality. She will involve the public in discussions about heritage, disparities, and recognition and thus becomes an iconic leader for contextual detractors and feminist intellectuals to consider. Reference List 2017. Beyoncé’s Lemonade: “A winner don’t quit” . Anderson, D. 2018. Problematic. How toxic callout culture is destroying feminism . Dulles: Potomac Books, Inc. 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