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0704.0701

Sebastien Forget

Sebastien Chenais (LCFIO, LPL), Frederic Druon (LCFIO), Sebastien Forget (LCFIO, LPL), Francois Balembois (LCFIO), Patrick Georges (LCFIO)

On thermal effects in solid state lasers: the case of ytterbium-doped materials

Progress in quantum electronics 30 (12/2006) 89-126

10.1016/j.pquantelec.2006.12.001

physics.optics

A review of theoretical and experimental studies of thermal effects in solid-state lasers is presented, with a special focus on diode-pumped ytterbium-doped materials. A large part of this review provides however general information applicable to any kind of solid-state laser. Our aim here is not to make a list of the techniques that have been used to minimize thermal effects, but instead to give an overview of the theoretical aspects underneath, and give a state-of-the-art of the tools at the disposal of the laser scientist to measure thermal effects. After a presentation of some general properties of Yb-doped materials, we address the issue of evaluating the temperature map in Yb-doped laser crystals, both theoretically and experimentally. This is the first step before studying the complex problem of thermal lensing (part III). We will focus on some newly discussed aspects, like the definition of the thermo-optic coefficient: we will highlight some misleading interpretations of thermal lensing experiments due to the use of the dn/dT parameter in a context where it is not relevant. Part IV will be devoted to a state-of-the-art of experimental techniques used to measure thermal lensing. Eventually, in part V, we will give some concrete examples in Yb-doped materials, where their peculiarities will be pointed out.

0704.0702

Wang Jian

Jian Wang and Jian-Sheng Wang

Dimensional crossover of thermal conductance in nanowires

4 figures

10.1063/1.2748342

cond-mat.mes-hall

Dimensional dependence of thermal conductance at low temperatures in nanowires is studied using the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. Our calculation shows a smooth dimensional crossover of thermal conductance in nanowire from one-dimensional to three-dimensional behavior with the increase of diameters. The results are consistent with the experimental findings that the temperature dependence of thermal conductance at low temperature for diameters from tens to hundreds nanometers will be close to Debye law. The calculation also suggests that universal thermal conductance is only observable in nanowires with small diameters. We also find that the interfacial thermal conductance across Si and Ge nanowire is much lower than the corresponding value in bulk materials.

0704.0703

Ga\"etan L\'ev\^eque

Gaetan Leveque, Olivier J. F. Martin, John Weiner

Transient behavior of surface plasmon polaritons scattered at a subwavelength groove

12 pages, 10 figures

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.155418

physics.optics

We present a numerical study and analytical model of the optical near-field diffracted in the vicinity of subwavelength grooves milled in silver surfaces. The Green's tensor approach permits computation of the phase and amplitude dependence of the diffracted wave as a function of the groove geometry. It is shown that the field diffracted along the interface by the groove is equivalent to replacing the groove by an oscillating dipolar line source. An analytic expression is derived from the Green's function formalism, that reproduces well the asymptotic surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave as well as the transient surface wave in the near-zone close to the groove. The agreement between this model and the full simulation is very good, showing that the transient "near-zone" regime does not depend on the precise shape of the groove. Finally, it is shown that a composite diffractive evanescent wave model that includes the asymptotic SPP can describe the wavelength evolution in this transient near-zone. Such a semi-analytical model may be useful for the design and optimization of more elaborate photonic circuits whose behavior in large part will be controlled by surface waves.

0704.0704

Max-K. von Renesse

Max-K von Renesse, Karl-Theodor Sturm

Entropic Measure and Wasserstein Diffusion

math.PR math.AP

We construct a new random probability measure on the sphere and on the unit interval which in both cases has a Gibbs structure with the relative entropy functional as Hamiltonian. It satisfies a quasi-invariance formula with respect to the action of smooth diffeomorphism of the sphere and the interval respectively. The associated integration by parts formula is used to construct two classes of diffusion processes on probability measures (on the sphere or the unit interval) by Dirichlet form methods. The first one is closely related to Malliavin's Brownian motion on the homeomorphism group. The second one is a probability valued stochastic perturbation of the heat flow, whose intrinsic metric is the quadratic Wasserstein distance. It may be regarded as the canonical diffusion process on the Wasserstein space.

0704.0705

Bart Van Overmeire

B. Van Overmeire, J. Ryckebusch

Second-Order Eikonal Corrections for A(e,e'p)

16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Lett. B

Phys.Lett.B650:337-343,2007

10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.069

nucl-th

The first-order eikonal approximation is frequently adopted in interpreting the results of $A(e,e'p)$ measurements. Glauber calculations, for example, typically adopt the first-order eikonal approximation. We present an extension of the relativistic eikonal approach to $A(e,e'p)$ which accounts for second-order eikonal corrections. The numerical calculations are performed within the relativistic optical model eikonal approximation. The nuclear transparency results indicate that the effect of the second-order eikonal corrections is rather modest, even at $Q^{2} \approx 0.2$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The same applies to polarization observables, left-right asymmetries, and differential cross sections at low missing momenta. At high missing momenta, however, the second-order eikonal corrections are significant and bring the calculations in closer agreement with the data and/or the exact results from models adopting partial-wave expansions.

0704.0706

Bon-Chul Koo

Bon-Chul Koo, Ho-Gyu Lee, Dae-Sik Moon, Jae-Joon Lee, Ji Yeon Seok, Hyung Mok Lee, Seung Soo Hong, Myung Gyoon Lee, Hidehiro Kaneda, Yoshifusa Ita, Woong-Seob Jeong, Takashi Onaka, Itsuki Sakon, Takao Nakagawa, Hiroshi Murakami

AKARI Detection of the Infrared-Bright Supernova Remnant B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud

12 pages with 3 figures, accepted for publication in AKARI PASJ special issue

10.1093/pasj/59.sp2.S455

astro-ph

We present a serendipitous detection of the infrared-bright supernova remnant (SNR) B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud by the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. An elongated, partially complete shell is detected in all four observed IRC bands covering 2.6-15 um. The infrared shell surrounds radio, optical, and X-ray emission associated with the SNR and is probably a radiative SNR shell. This is the first detection of a SNR shell in this near/mid-infrared waveband in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The IRC color indicates that the infrared emission might be from shocked H2 molecules with some possible contributions from ionic lines. We conclude that B0104-72.3 is a middle-aged SNR interacting with molecular clouds, similar to the Galactic SNR IC 443. Our results highlight the potential of AKARI IRC observations in studying SNRs, especially for diagnosing SNR shocks.

0704.0707

Patrick Warren

Patrick B. Warren

Flory-Huggins theory for the solubility of heterogeneously-modified polymers

4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX 4.0

10.1021/ma070809x

cond-mat.soft

Many water soluble polymers are chemically modified versions of insoluble base materials such as cellulose. A Flory-Huggins model is solved to determine the effects of heterogeneity in modification on the solubility of such polymers. It is found that heterogeneity leads to decreased solubility, with the effect increasing with increasing blockiness. In the limit of extreme blockiness, the nature of the phase coexistence crosses over to a polymer-polymer demixing transition. Some consequences are discussed for the synthesis of partially modified polymers, and the experimental characterisation of such systems.

0704.0708

Marc Dambrine

Lekbir Afraites (LMAC), Marc Dambrine (LMAC), Djalil Kateb (LMAC)

On second order shape optimization methods for electrical impedance tomography

math.OC

This paper is devoted to the analysis of a second order method for recovering the \emph{a priori} unknown shape of an inclusion $\omega$ inside a body $\Omega$ from boundary measurement. This inverse problem - known as electrical impedance tomography - has many important practical applications and hence has focussed much attention during the last years. However, to our best knowledge, no work has yet considered a second order approach for this problem. This paper aims to fill that void: we investigate the existence of second order derivative of the state $u$ with respect to perturbations of the shape of the interface $\partial\omega$, then we choose a cost function in order to recover the geometry of $\partial \omega$ and derive the expression of the derivatives needed to implement the corresponding Newton method. We then investigate the stability of the process and explain why this inverse problem is severely ill-posed by proving the compactness of the Hessian at the global minimizer.

0704.0709

Jing-Ling Chen

Jing-Ling Chen, Kang Xue, and Mo-Lin Ge

Braiding transformation, entanglement swapping and Berry phase in entanglement space

6 pages, 2 figures. Published version

Phys. Rev. A 76, 042324 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevA.76.042324

quant-ph

We show that braiding transformation is a natural approach to describe quantum entanglement, by using the unitary braiding operators to realize entanglement swapping and generate the GHZ states as well as the linear cluster states. A Hamiltonian is constructed from the unitary $\check{R}_{i,i+1}(\theta,\phi)$-matrix, where $\phi=\omega t$ is time-dependent while $\theta$ is time-independent. This in turn allows us to investigate the Berry phase in the entanglement space.

0704.0710

Joerg Junkersfeld

J. Junkersfeld (for the CB-ELSA collaboration)

Photoproduction of pi0 omega off protons for E(gamma) < 3 GeV

8 pages, 13 figures

Eur.Phys.J.A31:365-372,2007

10.1140/epja/i2006-10302-7

nucl-ex

Differential and total cross-sections for photoproduction of gamma proton to proton pi0 omega and gamma proton to Delta+ omega were determined from measurements of the CB-ELSA experiment, performed at the electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn. The measurements covered the photon energy range from the production threshold up to 3GeV.

0704.0711

Souichi Ishikawa

S. Ishikawa and M.R. Robilotta

Two-pion exchange three-nucleon potential: O(q^4) chiral expansion

29 pages, 7 figures

Phys.Rev.C76:014006,2007

10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014006

nucl-th

We present the expansion of the two-pion exchange three-nucleon potential (TPE-3NP) to chiral order q^4, which corresponds to a subset of all possibilities at this order and is based on the \piN amplitude at O(q^3). Results encompass both numerical corrections to strength coefficients of previous O(q^3) terms and new structures in the profile functions. The former are typically smaller than 10% whereas the latter arise from either loop functions or non-local gradients acting on the wave function. The influence of the new TPE-3NP over static and scattering three-body observables has been assessed and found to be small, as expected from perturbative corrections.

0704.0712

Carla Figueira de Morisson Faria

H. Hetzheim, C. Figueira de Morisson Faria, and W. Becker

Interference effects in above-threshold ionization from diatomic molecules: determining the internuclear separation

10 pages, 8 figures; discussions slightly modified and an additional figure inserted for clarity

10.1103/PhysRevA.76.023418

physics.atom-ph

We calculate angle-resolved above-threshold ionization spectra for diatomic molecules in linearly polarized laser fields, employing the strong-field approximation. The interference structure resulting from the individual contributions of the different scattering scenarios is discussed in detail, with respect to the dependence on the internuclear distance and molecular orientation. We show that, in general, the contributions from the processes in which the electron is freed at one center and rescatters off the other obscure the interference maxima and minima obtained from single-center processes. However, around the boundary of the energy regions for which rescattering has a classical counterpart, such processes play a negligible role and very clear interference patterns are observed. In such energy regions, one is able to infer the internuclear distance from the energy difference between adjacent interference minima.

0704.0713

Ute Loew

Ute L\"ow

Neel order in the two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg Model

4 pages, 1 figure

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220409

cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other

The existence of Neel order in the S=1/2 Heisenberg model on the square lattice at T=0 is shown using inequalities set up by Kennedy, Lieb and Shastry in combination with high precision Quantum Monte Carlo data.

0704.0714

Fuquan Fang

Fuquan Fang, Yuguang Zhang, Zhenlei Zhang

Maximum solutions of normalized Ricci flows on 4-manifolds

23 pages

10.1007/s00220-008-0556-8

math.DG math.GT

We consider maximum solution $g(t)$, $t\in [0, +\infty)$, to the normalized Ricci flow. Among other things, we prove that, if $(M, \omega) $ is a smooth compact symplectic 4-manifold such that $b_2^+(M)>1$ and let $g(t),t\in[0,\infty)$, be a solution to (1.3) on $M$ whose Ricci curvature satisfies that $|\text{Ric}(g(t))|\leq 3$ and additionally $\chi(M)=3 \tau (M)>0$, then there exists an $m\in \mathbb{N}$, and a sequence of points $\{x_{j,k}\in M\}$, $j=1, ..., m$, satisfying that, by passing to a subsequence, $$(M, g(t_{k}+t), x_{1,k},..., x_{m,k}) \stackrel{d_{GH}}\longrightarrow (\coprod_{j=1}^m N_j, g_{\infty}, x_{1,\infty}, ...,, x_{m,\infty}),$$ $t\in [0, \infty)$, in the $m$-pointed Gromov-Hausdorff sense for any sequence $t_{k}\longrightarrow \infty$, where $(N_{j}, g_{\infty})$, $j=1,..., m$, are complete complex hyperbolic orbifolds of complex dimension 2 with at most finitely many isolated orbifold points. Moreover, the convergence is $C^{\infty}$ in the non-singular part of $\coprod_1^m N_{j}$ and $\text{Vol}_{g_{0}}(M)=\sum_{j=1}^{m}\text{Vol}_{g_{\infty}}(N_{j})$, where $\chi(M)$ (resp. $\tau(M)$) is the Euler characteristic (resp. signature) of $M$.

0704.0715

Arnaud Ralko

A. Ralko, F. Mila, and D. Poilblanc

Phase separation and flux quantization in the doped quantum dimer model on the square and triangular lattices

4 pages, 6 figures

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 127202 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.127202

cond-mat.str-el

The doped two-dimensional quantum dimer model is investigated by numerical techniques on the square and triangular lattices, with significantly different results. On the square lattice, at small enough doping, there is always a phase separation between an insulating valence-bond solid and a uniform superfluid phase, whereas on the triangular lattice, doping leads directly to a uniform superfluid in a large portion of the RVB phase. Under an applied Aharonov-Bohm flux, the superfluid exhibits quantization in terms of half-flux quanta, consistent with Q=2e elementary charge quanta in transport properties.

0704.0716

Christoph Richard

Christoph Richard

Limit distributions and scaling functions

54 pages, 2 figures; v2 updated and slightly expanded; v3 changes in some proofs; v4 slightly expanded

Polygons, polyominoes and polycubes, 247-299, Lecture Notes in Phys., 775, Springer, Dordrecht, 2009

math-ph math.MP

http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

We discuss the asymptotic behaviour of models of lattice polygons, mainly on the square lattice. In particular, we focus on limiting area laws in the uniform perimeter ensemble where, for fixed perimeter, each polygon of a given area occurs with the same probability. We relate limit distributions to the scaling behaviour of the associated perimeter and area generating functions, thereby providing a geometric interpretation of scaling functions. To a major extent, this article is a pedagogic review of known results.

0704.0717

Alberto Anfossi

A. A. Aligia, A. Anfossi, L. Arrachea, C. Degli Esposti Boschi, A. O. Dobry, C. Gazza, A. Montorsi, F. Ortolani, and M. E. Torio

Incommmensurability and unconventional superconductor to insulator transition in the Hubbard model with bond-charge interaction

5 pages, 3 figures

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 206401 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.206401

cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con

We determine the quantum phase diagram of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with bond-charge interaction X in addition to the usual Coulomb repulsion U at half-filling. For large enough X and positive U the model shows three phases. For large U the system is in the spin-density wave phase already known in the usual Hubbard model. As U decreases, there is first a spin transition to a spontaneously dimerized bond-ordered wave phase and then a charge transition to a novel phase in which the dominant correlations at large distances correspond to an incommensurate singlet superconductor.

0704.0718

Paolo Lipari

Paolo Lipari, Maurizio Lusignoli, Davide Meloni

Flavor Composition and Energy Spectrum of Astrophysical Neutrinos

31 pages, 18 figures

Phys.Rev.D75:123005,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.75.123005

astro-ph

The measurement of the flavor composition of the neutrino fluxes from astrophysical sources has been proposed as a method to study not only the nature of their emission mechanisms, but also the neutrino fundamental properties. It is however problematic to reconcile these two goals, since a sufficiently accurate understanding of the neutrino fluxes at the source is needed to extract information about the physics of neutrino propagation. In this work we discuss critically the expectations for the flavor composition and energy spectrum from different types of astrophysical sources, and comment on the theoretical uncertainties connected to our limited knowledge of their structure.

0704.0719

Kenta Kiuchi

Kenta Kiuchi, Hiroko Koyama, Kei-ichi Maeda

Gravitational Wave Signals from Chaotic System: A Point Mass with A Disk

Published in Phys.Rev.D76:024018,2007

Phys.Rev.D76:024018,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.76.024018

gr-qc astro-ph

We study gravitational waves from a particle moving around a system of a point mass with a disk in Newtonian gravitational theory. A particle motion in this system can be chaotic when the gravitational contribution from a surface density of a disk is comparable with that from a point mass. In such an orbit, we sometimes find that there appears a phase of the orbit in which particle motion becomes to be nearly regular (the so-called ``stagnant motion'') for a finite time interval between more strongly chaotic phases. To study how these different chaotic behaviours affect on observation of gravitational waves, we investigate a correlation of the particle motion and the waves. We find that such a difference in chaotic motions reflects on the wave forms and energy spectra. The character of the waves in the stagnant motion is quite different from that either in a regular motion or in a more strongly chaotic motion. This suggests that we may make a distinction between different chaotic behaviours of the orbit via the gravitational waves.

0704.0720

Daniel Wilczak

D. Wilczak, P. Zgliczy\'nski

$C^r$-Lohner algorithm

for associated movie file, see http://www.ii.uj.edu.pl/~wilczak/papers/cnlohner/mpp.mov, 35 pages, 1 Figure

math.NA math.DS

We present a Lohner type algorithm for the computation of rigorous bounds for solutions of ordinary differential equations and its derivatives with respect to initial conditions up to arbitrary order. As an application we prove the existence of multiple invariant tori around some elliptic periodic orbits for the pendulum equation with periodic forcing and for Michelson system.

0704.0721

Daniel Summons

D.P. Summons, P. Arevalo, I.M. McHardy, P.Uttley and A.Bhaskar (University of Southampton)

Timing evidence in determining the accretion state of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783

MNRAS accepted

Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.378:649-656,2007

10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11797.x

astro-ph

Previous observations with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) have suggested that the power spectral density (PSD) of NGC 3783 flattens to a slope near zero at low frequencies, in a similar manner to that of Galactic black hole X-ray binary systems (GBHs) in the `hard' state. The low radio flux emitted by this object, however, is inconsistent with a hard state interpretation. The accretion rate of NGC 3783 (~7% of the Eddington rate) is similar to that of other AGN with `soft' state PSDs and higher than that at which the GBH Cyg X-1, with which AGN are often compared, changes between `hard' and `soft' states (~2% of the Eddington rate). If NGC 3783 really does have a `hard' state PSD, it would be quite unusual and would indicate that AGN and GBHs are not quite as similar as we currently believe. Here we present an improved X-ray PSD of NGC 3783, spanning from ~10^{-8} to ~10^{-3} Hz, based on considerably extended (5.5 years) RXTE observations combined with two orbits of continuous observation by XMM-Newton. We show that this PSD is, in fact, well fitted by a `soft' state model which has only one break, at high frequencies. Although a `hard' state model can also fit the data, the improvement in fit by adding a second break at low frequency is not significant. Thus NGC 3783 is not unusual. These results leave Arakelian 564 as the only AGN which shows a second break at low frequencies, although in that case the very high accretion rate implies a `very high', rather than `hard' state PSD. The break frequency found in NGC 3783 is consistent with the expectation based on comparisons with other AGN and GBHs, given its black hole mass and accretion rate.

0704.0722

Axel Maas

Axel Maas

Two- and three-point Green's functions in two-dimensional Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory

14 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, references added

Phys.Rev.D75:116004,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.75.116004

hep-lat hep-ph hep-th

The ghost and gluon propagator and the ghost-gluon and three-gluon vertex of two-dimensional SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (minimal) Landau gauge are studied using lattice gauge theory. It is found that the results are qualitatively similar to the ones in three and four dimensions. The propagators and the Faddeev-Popov operator behave as expected from the Gribov-Zwanziger scenario. In addition, finite volume effects affecting these Green's functions are investigated systematically. The critical infrared exponents of the propagators, as proposed in calculations using stochastic quantization and Dyson-Schwinger equations, are confirmed quantitatively. For this purpose lattices of volume up to (42.7 fm)^2 have been used.

0704.0723

L\"u Jing Tao

J. T. L\"u and Jian-Sheng Wang

Coupled electron and phonon transport in one-dimensional atomic junctions

10 pages, 7 figures

Phys. Rev. B 76, 165418 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165418

cond-mat.mes-hall

Employing the nonequilibrium Green's function method, we develop a fully quantum mechanical model to study the coupled electron-phonon transport in one-dimensional atomic junctions in the presence of a weak electron-phonon interaction. This model enables us to study the electronic and phononic transport on an equal footing. We derive the electrical and energy currents of the coupled electron-phonon system and the energy exchange between them. As an application, we study the heat dissipation in current carrying atomic junctions within the self-consistent Born approximation, which guarantees energy current conservation. We find that the inclusion of phonon transport is important in determining the heat dissipation and temperature change of the atomic junctions.

0704.0724

Ning Kang

Ning Kang, Eisuke Abe, Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Yasuhiro Iye, and Shingo Katsumoto

Observation of Spin-Orbit Berry's Phase in Magnetoresistance of a Two-Dimensional Hole Anti-dot System

13 pages, 5 figures

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76, 083704 (2007)

10.1143/JPSJ.76.083704

cond-mat.mes-hall

We report observation of spin-orbit Berry's phase in the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) type oscillation of weak field magnetoresistance in an anti-dot lattice (ADL) of a two-dimensional hole system. An AB-type oscillation is superposed on the commensurability peak, and the main peak in the Fourier transform is clearly split up due to variation in Berry's phase originating from the spin-orbit interaction. A simulation considering Berry's phase and the phase arising from the spin-orbit shift in the momentum space shows qualitative agreement with the experiment.

0704.0725

J\"org G\"otte

J. B. Goette, S. M. Barnett and M. Padgett

On the dragging of light by a rotating medium

9 pages, 1 figure

10.1098/rspa.2007.1871

physics.optics physics.class-ph

When light is passing through a rotating medium the optical polarisation is rotated. Recently it has been reasoned that this rotation applies also to the transmitted image (Padgett et al. 2006). We examine these two phenomena by extending an analysis of Player (1976) to general electromagnetic fields. We find that in this more general case the wave equation inside the rotating medium has to be amended by a term which is connected to the orbital angular momentum of the light. We show that optical spin and orbital angular momentum account respectively for the rotation of the polarisation and the rotation of the transmitted image.

0704.0726

Pouria Pedram

G. R. Jafari, P. Pedram, L. Hedayatifar

Long-range correlation and multifractality in Bach's Inventions pitches

18 page, 6 figures, to appear in JSTAT

J. Stat. Mech. P04012 (2007)

10.1088/1742-5468/2007/04/P04012

physics.data-an

We show that it can be considered some of Bach pitches series as a stochastic process with scaling behavior. Using multifractal deterend fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method, frequency series of Bach pitches have been analyzed. In this view we find same second moment exponents (after double profiling) in ranges (1.7-1.8) in his works. Comparing MF-DFA results of original series to those for shuffled and surrogate series we can distinguish multifractality due to long-range correlations and a broad probability density function. Finally we determine the scaling exponents and singularity spectrum. We conclude fat tail has more effect in its multifractality nature than long-range correlations.

0704.0727

Tobias Lindstrom

T. Lindstrom, C.H. Webster, A.Ya.Tzalenchuk, J.E. Healey, M. S. Colclough and C.M. Muirhead

Circuit QED with a Flux Qubit Strongly Coupled to a Coplanar Transmission Line Resonator

8 pages, 5 figures

Supercond.Sci.Technol.20:814-821,2007

10.1088/0953-2048/20/8/016

cond-mat.supr-con

We propose a scheme for circuit quantum electrodynamics with a superconducting flux-qubit coupled to a high-Q coplanar resonator. Assuming realistic circuit parameters we predict that it is possible to reach the strong coupling regime. Routes to metrological applications, such as single photon generation and quantum non-demolition measurements are discussed.

0704.0728

D. B. Gutman

D. B. Gutman, Yuval Gefen, and A. D. Mirlin

Zero bias anomaly out of equilibrium

4 pages

Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 086801 (2008)

10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.086801

cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el

The non-equilibrium zero bias anomaly (ZBA) in the tunneling density of states of a diffusive metallic film is studied. An effective action describing virtual fluctuations out-of-equilibrium is derived. The singular behavior of the equilibrium ZBA is smoothed out by real processes of inelastic scattering.

0704.0729

David Kastor

David Kastor, Sourya Ray and Jennie Traschen

The First Law for Boosted Kaluza-Klein Black Holes

20 pages, 0 figures; v2 - reference added

JHEP 0706:026,2007

10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/026

hep-th

We study the thermodynamics of Kaluza-Klein black holes with momentum along the compact dimension, but vanishing angular momentum. These black holes are stationary, but non-rotating. We derive the first law for these spacetimes and find that the parameter conjugate to variations in the length of the compact direction is an effective tension, which generally differs from the ADM tension. For the boosted black string, this effective tension is always positive, while the ADM tension is negative for large boost parameter. We also derive two Smarr formulas, one that follows from time translation invariance, and a second one that holds only in the case of exact translation symmetry in the compact dimension. Finally, we show that the `tension first law' derived by Traschen and Fox in the static case has the form of a thermodynamic Gibbs-Duhem relation and give its extension in the stationary, non-rotating case.

0704.0730

Hamed Haddadi MSc MIEE

Hamed Haddadi, Raul Landa, Miguel Rio, Saleem Bhatti

Revisiting the Issues On Netflow Sample and Export Performance

cs.PF cs.NI

The high volume of packets and packet rates of traffic on some router links makes it exceedingly difficult for routers to examine every packet in order to keep detailed statistics about the traffic which is traversing the router. Sampling is commonly applied on routers in order to limit the load incurred by the collection of information that the router has to undertake when evaluating flow information for monitoring purposes. The sampling process in nearly all cases is a deterministic process of choosing 1 in every N packets on a per-interface basis, and then forming the flow statistics based on the collected sampled statistics. Even though this sampling may not be significant for some statistics, such as packet rate, others can be severely distorted. However, it is important to consider the sampling techniques and their relative accuracy when applied to different traffic patterns. The main disadvantage of sampling is the loss of accuracy in the collected trace when compared to the original traffic stream. To date there has not been a detailed analysis of the impact of sampling at a router in various traffic profiles and flow criteria. In this paper, we assess the performance of the sampling process as used in NetFlow in detail, and we discuss some techniques for the compensation of loss of monitoring detail.

0704.0731

Thomas Lesinski

T. Lesinski (IPNL), M. Bender (DAPNIA, Cenbg), K. Bennaceur (IPNL, Dapnia), T. Duguet (NSCL, Msu), J. Meyer (IPNL)

The tensor part of the Skyrme energy density functional. I. Spherical nuclei

38 pages, 36 figures; Minor corrections

Physical Review C 76, (2007) 014312

10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014312

nucl-th

We perform a systematic study of the impact of the J^2 tensor term in the Skyrme energy functional on properties of spherical nuclei. In the Skyrme energy functional, the tensor terms originate both from zero-range central and tensor forces. We build a set of 36 parameterizations, which covers a wide range of the parameter space of the isoscalar and isovector tensor term coupling constants, with a fit protocol very similar to that of the successful SLy parameterizations. We analyze the impact of the tensor terms on a large variety of observables in spherical mean-field calculations, such as the spin-orbit splittings and single-particle spectra of doubly-magic nuclei, the evolution of spin-orbit splittings along chains of semi-magic nuclei, mass residuals of spherical nuclei, and known anomalies of charge radii. Our main conclusion is that the currently used central and spin-orbit parts of the Skyrme energy density functional are not flexible enough to allow for the presence of large tensor terms.

0704.0732

T. Damour

Thibault Damour

Cosmological Singularities and a Conjectured Gravity/Coset Correspondence

12 pages, 1 diagram, contribution to ``String Theory and Fundamental Interactions'' -- in celebration of Gabriele Veneziano's 65th birthday -- eds. M. Gasperini and J. Maharana, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2007

Lect.NotesPhys.737:941-948,2008

hep-th

We review the recently discovered connection between the Belinsky-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz-like ``chaotic'' structure of generic cosmological singularities in eleven-dimensional supergravity and the ``last'' hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra E(10). This intriguing connection suggests the existence of a hidden ``correspondence'' between supergravity (or even M-theory) and null geodesic motion on the infinite-dimensional coset space K(E(10)). If true, this gravity/coset correspondence would offer a new view of the (quantum) fate of space (and matter) at cosmological singularities.

0704.0733

Bludov Yuliy

Yu. V. Bludov, V. V. Konotop

Acceleration and localization of matter in a ring trap

PHYSICAL REVIEW A 75, 053614 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevA.75.053614

cond-mat.other nlin.PS

A toroidal trap combined with external time-dependent electric field can be used for implementing different dynamical regimes of matter waves. In particular, we show that dynamical and stochastic acceleration, localization and implementation of the Kapitza pendulum can be originated by means of proper choice of the external force.

0704.0734

Xiaoling Zhang

Xiao-Ling Zhang, Shuang Nan Zhang, Gloria Sala, Jochen Greiner, Yuxin Feng, Yangsen Yao

GRO J1655-40: from ASCA and XMM-Newton Observations

2 pages, 1 figure, Conference proceedings to appear in "The Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei", ed. L. C. Ho and J.-M. Wang (San Francisco: ASP)

astro-ph

We have analysed four ASCA observations (1994--1995, 1996--1997) and three XMM-Newton observations (2005) of this source, in all of which the source is in high/soft state. We modeled the continuum spectra with relativistic disk model kerrbb, estimated the spin of the central black hole, and constrained the spectral hardening factor f_col and the distance. If kerrbb model applies, for normally used value of f_col, the distance cannot be very small, and f_col changes with observations.

0704.0735

Pozzi Francesca

F. Pozzi, C. Vignali, A. Comastri, L. Pozzetti, M. Mignoli, C. Gruppioni, G. Zamorani, C. Lari, F. Civano, M. Brusa, F. Fiore, R. Maiolino and F. La Franca

The HELLAS2XMM survey. X. The bolometric output of luminous obscured quasars: The Spitzer perspective

12 pages, 6 figures, A&A accepted. Typo corrected in the title

10.1051/0004-6361:20077092

astro-ph

Aims: We aim at estimating the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and the physical parameters related to the black holes harbored in eight high X-ray-to-optical (F_X/F_R>10) obscured quasars at z>0.9 selected in the 2--10 keV band from the HELLAS2XMM survey. Methods: We use IRAC and MIPS 24 micron observations, along with optical and Ks-band photometry, to obtain the SEDs of the sources. The observed SEDs are modeled using a combination of an elliptical template and torus emission (using the phenomenological templates of Silva et al. 2004) for six sources associated with passive galaxies; for two point-like sources, the empirical SEDs of red quasars are adopted. The bolometric luminosities and the M_BH-L_K relation are used to provide an estimate of the masses and Eddington ratios of the black holes residing in these AGN. Results: All of our sources are detected in the IRAC and MIPS (at 24 micron) bands. The SED modeling described above is in good agreement with the observed near- and mid-infrared data. The derived bolometric luminosities are in the range ~10^45-10^47 erg s^-1, and the median 2--10 keV bolometric correction is ~25, consistent with the widely adopted value derived by Elvis et al. (1994). For the objects with elliptical-like profiles in the K_s band, we derive high stellar masses (0.8-6.2)X10^11 Mo, black hole masses in the range (0.2-2.5)X10^9 Mo, and Eddington ratios L/L_Edd<0.1, suggesting a low-accretion phase.

0704.0736

Vladimir Shelkovich M

V. M. Shelkovich, M. Skopina

$p$-Adic Haar multiresolution analysis

math.NT math-ph math.MP

In this paper, the notion of {\em $p$-adic multiresolution analysis (MRA)} is introduced. We use a ``natural'' refinement equation whose solution (a refinable function) is the characteristic function of the unit disc. This equation reflects the fact that the characteristic function of the unit disc is the sum of $p$ characteristic functions of disjoint discs of radius $p^{-1}$. The case $p=2$ is studied in detail. Our MRA is a 2-adic analog of the real Haar MRA. But in contrast to the real setting, the refinable function generating our Haar MRA is periodic with period 1, which never holds for real refinable functions. This fact implies that there exist infinity many different 2-adic orthonormal wavelet bases in ${\cL}^2(\bQ_2)$ generated by the same Haar MRA. All of these bases are constructed. Since $p$-adic pseudo-differential operators are closely related to wavelet-type bases, our bases can be intensively used for applications.

0704.0737

Marcus Berg

Marcus Berg, Michael Haack, Enrico Pajer

Jumping Through Loops: On Soft Terms from Large Volume Compactifications

57 pages

JHEP0709:031,2007

10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/031

AEI-2007-020, LMU-ASC-21/07

hep-th

We subject the phenomenologically successful large volume scenario of hep-th/0502058 to a first consistency check in string theory. In particular, we consider whether the expansion of the string effective action is consistent in the presence of D-branes and O-planes. Due to the no-scale structure at tree-level, the scenario is surprisingly robust. We compute the modification of soft supersymmetry breaking terms, and find only subleading corrections. We also comment that for large-volume limits of toroidal orientifolds and fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds the corrections can be more important, and we discuss further checks that need to be performed.

0704.0738

Patrick Ilg

Patrick Ilg and Jean-Louis Barrat

Driven activation versus thermal activation

5 pages, 3 figures

EPL 79 (2007) 26001

10.1209/0295-5075/79/26001

cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn

Activated dynamics in a glassy system undergoing steady shear deformation is studied by numerical simulations. Our results show that the external driving force has a strong influence on the barrier crossing rate, even though the reaction coordinate is only weakly coupled to the nonequilibrium system. This "driven activation" can be quantified by introducing in the Arrhenius expression an effective temperature, which is close to the one determined from the fluctuation-dissipation relation. This conclusion is supported by analytical results for a simplified model system.

0704.0739

Lucas Gallindo

Lucas Gallindo Martins Soares

Computation of Power Loss in Likelihood Ratio Tests for Probability Densities Extended by Lehmann Alternatives

6 pages, one figure; Corrected minor typographic errors (pay special attention to one in equation 4)

math.ST math.PR stat.ME stat.TH

We compute the loss of power in likelihood ratio tests when we test the original parameter of a probability density extended by the first Lehmann alternative.

0704.0740

Carlo Nipoti

Carlo Nipoti (1), Pasquale Londrillo (2), HongSheng Zhao (3), Luca Ciotti (1) ((1) Bologna Univ., (2) INAF - Bologna Astr. Obs. (3) SUPA, St. Andrews Univ.)

Vertical dynamics of disk galaxies in MOND

8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Added reference

Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.379:597-604,2007

10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11835.x

astro-ph

We investigate the possibility of discriminating between Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and Newtonian gravity with dark matter, by studying the vertical dynamics of disk galaxies. We consider models with the same circular velocity in the equatorial plane (purely baryonic disks in MOND and the same disks in Newtonian gravity embedded in spherical dark matter haloes), and we construct their intrinsic and projected kinematical fields by solving the Jeans equations under the assumption of a two-integral distribution function. We found that the vertical velocity dispersion of deep-MOND disks can be much larger than in the equivalent spherical Newtonian models. However, in the more realistic case of high-surface density disks this effect is significantly reduced, casting doubts on the possibility of discriminating between MOND and Newtonian gravity with dark matter by using current observations.

0704.0741

Christophe Texier

Christophe Texier and Gilles Montambaux

Al'tshuler-Aronov correction to the conductivity of a large metallic square network

6 pages, RevTex4, 3 eps figures

Phys. Rev. B 76, 094202 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.094202

cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall

We consider the correction $\Delta\sigma_\mathrm{ee}$ due to electron-electron interaction to the conductivity of a weakly disordered metal (Al'tshuler-Aronov correction). The correction is related to the spectral determinant of the Laplace operator. The case of a large square metallic network is considered. The variation of $\Delta\sigma_\mathrm{ee}(L_T)$ as a function of the thermal length $L_T$ is found very similar to the variation of the weak localization $\Delta\sigma_\mathrm{WL}(L_\phi)$ as a function of the phase coherence length. Our result for $\Delta\sigma_\mathrm{ee}$ interpolates between the known 1d and 2d results, but the interaction parameter entering the expression of $\Delta\sigma_\mathrm{ee}$ keeps a 1d behaviour. Quite surprisingly, the result is very close to the 2d logarithmic behaviour already for $L_T\sim{a}/2$, where $a$ is the lattice parameter.

0704.0742

Christophe Texier

Christophe Texier and Gilles Montambaux

Magnetoconductance oscillations in metallic rings and decoherence due to electron-electron interaction

4 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figures, proceedings of the 6th rencontres du Vietnam "Nanophysics: from fundamentals to applications", Hanoi, 6-12 August 2006

cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mes-hall

We study weak localization in chains of metallic rings. We show than nonlocality of quantum transport can drastically affect the behaviour of the harmonics of magnetoconductance oscillations. Two different geometries are considered: the case of rings separated by long wires compared to the phase coherence length and the case of contacted rings. In a second part we discuss the role of decoherence due to electron-electron interaction in these two geometries.

0704.0743

Adam Rycerz

Adam Rycerz

Diatomic molecule as a quantum entanglement switch

To be presented on "The International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems" SCES'07, May 13-18, Houston, USA

Physica B 403, 1534 (2008)

10.1016/j.physb.2007.10.182

cond-mat.str-el

We investigate a pair entanglement of electrons in diatomic molecule, modeled as a correlated double quantum dot attached to the leads. The low-temperature properties are derived from the ground state obtained by utilizing the Rejec-Ramsak variational technique within the framework of EDABI method, which combines exact diagonalization with ab initio calculations. The results show, that single-particle basis renormalization modifies the entanglement-switch effectiveness significantly. We also found the entanglement signature of a competition between an extended Kondo and singlet phases.

0704.0744

Gergely Palla

Gergely Palla, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi and Tamas Vicsek

Quantifying social group evolution

11 pages, 4 figures

Nature 446, 664 (2007)

10.1038/nature05670

stat.ME physics.soc-ph stat.AP

The rich set of interactions between individuals in the society results in complex community structure, capturing highly connected circles of friends, families, or professional cliques in a social network. Thanks to frequent changes in the activity and communication patterns of individuals, the associated social and communication network is subject to constant evolution. Our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the underlying community dynamics is limited, but is essential for a deeper understanding of the development and self-optimisation of the society as a whole. We have developed a new algorithm based on clique percolation, that allows, for the first time, to investigate the time dependence of overlapping communities on a large scale and as such, to uncover basic relationships characterising community evolution. Our focus is on networks capturing the collaboration between scientists and the calls between mobile phone users. We find that large groups persist longer if they are capable of dynamically altering their membership, suggesting that an ability to change the composition results in better adaptability. The behaviour of small groups displays the opposite tendency, the condition for stability being that their composition remains unchanged. We also show that the knowledge of the time commitment of the members to a given community can be used for estimating the community's lifetime. These findings offer a new view on the fundamental differences between the dynamics of small groups and large institutions.

0704.0745

Maria Siopacha

Maria Siopacha and Josef Teichmann

Weak and Strong Taylor methods for numerical solutions of stochastic differential equations

18 pages

q-fin.CP math.PR

We apply results of Malliavin-Thalmaier-Watanabe for strong and weak Taylor expansions of solutions of perturbed stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In particular, we work out weight expressions for the Taylor coefficients of the expansion. The results are applied to LIBOR market models in order to deal with the typical stochastic drift and with stochastic volatility. In contrast to other accurate methods like numerical schemes for the full SDE, we obtain easily tractable expressions for accurate pricing. In particular, we present an easily tractable alternative to ``freezing the drift'' in LIBOR market models, which has an accuracy similar to the full numerical scheme. Numerical examples underline the results.

0704.0746

Roche Patrice

Preden Roulleau, F. Portier, D. C. Glattli, P. Roche, A. Cavanna, G. Gaini, U. Gennser, and D. Mailly

Finite bias visibility of the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer

4 pages, 5 figures

Phys. Rev. B 76, 161309 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.161309

cond-mat.mes-hall

We present an original statistical method to measure the visibility of interferences in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the presence of low frequency fluctuations. The visibility presents a single side lobe structure shown to result from a gaussian phase averaging whose variance is quadratic with the bias. To reinforce our approach and validate our statistical method, the same experiment is also realized with a stable sample. It exhibits the same visibility behavior as the fluctuating one, indicating the intrinsic character of finite bias phase averaging. In both samples, the dilution of the impinging current reduces the variance of the gaussian distribution.

0704.0747

Branko Malesevic

Branko J. Malesevic

A note on higher-order differential operations

Univ. Beograd. Publ. Elektrotehn. Fak., Ser. Mat. 7 (1996), 105--109

math.DG math.CA

In this paper we consider successive iterations of the first-order differential operations in space ${\bf R}^3.$

0704.0748

Joseph Harris

Christopher C. Davis, Joseph Harris, Robert W. Gammon, Igor I. Smolyaninov and Kyuman Cho

Experimental Challenges Involved in Searches for Axion-Like Particles and Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamic Effects by Sensitive Optical Techniques

7 pages PDF

hep-th hep-ph

We discuss the experimental techniques used to date for measuring the changes in polarization state of a laser produced by a strong transverse magnetic field acting in a vacuum. We point out the likely artifacts that can arise in such experiments, with particular reference to the recent PVLAS observations and the previous findings of the BFRT collaboration. Our observations are based on studies with a photon-noise limited coherent homodyne interferometer with a polarization sensitivity of 2x10^-8 rad Hz^(1/2) mW^(-1/2).

0704.0749

T. Damour

Thibault Damour

Binary Systems as Test-beds of Gravity Theories

42 pages, 3 figures, Based on lectures given at the SIGRAV School ``A Century from Einstein Relativity: Probing Gravity Theories in Binary Systems'', Villa Olmo (Como Lake, Italy), 17-21 May 2005. To appear in the Proceedings, edited by M. Colpi et al. (to be published by Springer)

gr-qc

We review the general relativistic theory of the motion, and of the timing, of binary systems containing compact objects (neutron stars or black holes). Then we indicate the various ways one can use binary pulsar data to test the strong-field and/or radiative aspects of General Relativity, and of general classes of alternative theories of relativistic gravity.

0704.0750

Branko Malesevic

Branko J. Malesevic

Some combinatorial aspects of differential operation compositions on space $R^n$

Univ. Beograd. Publ. Elektrotehn. Fak. Ser. Mat. 9 (1998), 29--33

math.DG math.CA

In this paper we present a recurrent relation for counting meaningful compositions of the higher-order differential operations on the space $R^{n}$ (n=3,4,...) and extract the non-trivial compositions of order higher than two.

0704.0751

Filippo Bracci

Filippo Bracci, Alberto Saracco

Hyperbolicity in unbounded convex domains

11 pages, v2 references added, v3 a proof modified

math.CV

We provide several equivalent characterizations of Kobayashi hyperbolicity in unbounded convex domains in terms of peak and anti-peak functions at infinity, affine lines, Bergman metric and iteration theory.

0704.0752

Davoud Kamani

Davoud Kamani

Actions for the Bosonic String with the Curved Worldsheet

8 pages, Latex, no figure, Some minor changes are introduced

Braz. J. Phys. 38, 268-271 (2008)

10.1590/S0103-97332008000200010

hep-th

At first we introduce an action for the string, which leads to a worldsheet that always is curved. For this action we study the Poincar\'e symmetry and the associated conserved currents. Then, a generalization of the above action, which contains an arbitrary function of the two-dimensional scalar curvature, will be introduced. An extra scalar field enables us to modify these actions to Weyl invariant models.

0704.0753

Dr. Anirudh Pradhan

Raj Bali, Umesh Kumar Pareek and Anirudh Pradhan

Bianchi Type I Massive String Magnetized Barotropic Perfect Fluid Cosmological Model in General Relativity

10 pages, no figure. Chin. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, No. 8 (2007), to appear

Chin.Phys.Lett.24:2455-2458,2007

10.1088/0256-307X/24/8/082

gr-qc

Bianchi type I massive string cosmological model with magnetic field of barotropic perfect fluid distribution through the techniques used by Latelier and Stachel, is investigated. To get the deterministic model of the universe, it is assumed that the universe is filled with barotropic perfect fluid distribution. The magnetic field is due to electric current produced along x-axis with infinite electrical conductivity. The behaviour of the model in presence and absence of magnetic field together with other physical aspects is further discussed.

0704.0754

T. Damour

Thibault Damour

General Relativity Today

49 pages, 5 figures, talk given at the Poincar\'e Seminar ``Gravitation et Exp\'erience'' (28 October 2006, Paris); to appear in the proceedings to be published by Birkh\"auser

10.1007/978-3-7643-8524-8_1

gr-qc

After recalling the conceptual foundations and the basic structure of general relativity, we review some of its main modern developments (apart from cosmology) : (i) the post-Newtonian limit and weak-field tests in the solar system, (ii) strong gravitational fields and black holes, (iii) strong-field and radiative tests in binary pulsar observations, (iv) gravitational waves, (v) general relativity and quantum theory.

0704.0755

Branko Malesevic

Branko Malesevic, Ivana Jovovic

A procedure for finding the k-th power of a matrix

Published elec. at http://www.maplesoft.com

math.GM

We give a new procedure in Maple for finding the k-th power of a martix. The algorithm is based on the article [1].

0704.0756

Ruth Durrer

Ruth Durrer and Marcus Ruser

The dynamical Casimir effect in braneworlds

misprints corrected, matches published version

Phys.Rev.Lett.99:071601,2007

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.071601

hep-th astro-ph hep-ph

In braneworld cosmology the expanding Universe is realized as a brane moving through a warped higher-dimensional spacetime. Like a moving mirror causes the creation of photons out of vacuum fluctuations, a moving brane leads to graviton production. We show that, very generically, Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles scale like stiff matter with the expansion of the Universe and can therefore not represent the dark matter in a warped braneworld. We present results for the production of massless and KK gravitons for bouncing branes in five-dimensional anti de Sitter space. We find that for a realistic bounce the back reaction from the generated gravitons will be most likely relevant. This letter summarizes the main results and conclusions from numerical simulations which are presented in detail in a long paper [M.Ruser and R. Durrer, Phys. Rev. D 76, 104014 (2007), arXiv:0704.0790]

0704.0757

Ou Yong-Cheng

Yong-Cheng Ou and Heng Fan

Bounds on Negativity of Superpositions

5 pages

Physical Review A 76,022320(2007)

10.1103/PhysRevA.76.022320

quant-ph

The entanglement quantified by negativity of pure bipartite superposed states is studied. We show that if the entanglement is quantified by the concurrence two pure states of high fidelity to one another still have nearly the same entanglement. Furthermore this conclusion can be guaranteed by our obtained inequality, and the concurrence is shown to be a continuous function even in infinite dimensions. The bounds on the negativity of superposed states in terms of those of the states being superposed are obtained. These bounds can find useful applications in estimating the amount of the entanglement of a given pure state.

0704.0758

Matthaeus Halder

Matthaeus Halder, Alexios Beveratos, Nicolas Gisin, Valerio Scarani, Christoph Simon and Hugo Zbinden

Entangling Independent Photons by Time Measurement

13 pages, 3 figures

Nature Physics 3, 692 - 695 (2007)

10.1038/nphys700

quant-ph

A quantum system composed of two or more subsystems can be in an entangled state, i.e. a state in which the properties of the global system are well defined but the properties of each subsystem are not. Entanglement is at the heart of quantum physics, both for its conceptual foundations and for applications in information processing and quantum communication. Remarkably, entanglement can be "swapped": if one prepares two independent entangled pairs A1-A2 and B1-B2, a joint measurement on A1 and B1 (called a "Bell-State Measurement", BSM) has the effect of projecting A2 and B2 onto an entangled state, although these two particles have never interacted or shared any common past[1,2]. Experiments using twin photons produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) have already demonstrated entanglement swapping[3-6], but here we present its first realization using continuous wave (CW) sources, as originally proposed[2]. The challenge was to achieve sufficiently sharp synchronization of the photons in the BSM. Using narrow-band filters, the coherence time of the photons that undergo the BSM is significantly increased, exceeding the temporal resolution of the detectors. Hence pulsed sources can be replaced by CW sources, which do not require any synchronization[6,7], allowing for the first time the use of completely autonomous sources. Our experiment exploits recent progress in the time precision of photon detectors, in the efficiency of photon pair production by SPDC with waveguides in nonlinear crystals[8], and in the stability of narrow-band filters. This approach is independent of the form of entanglement; we employed time-bin entangled photons[9] at telecom wavelengths. Our setup is robust against thermal or mechanical fluctuations in optical fibres thanks to cm-long coherence lengths.

0704.0759

Peter Constantin

A. Cheskidov, P. Constantin, S. Friedlander, R. Shvydkoy

Energy conservation and Onsager's conjecture for the Euler equations

math.AP

Onsager conjectured that weak solutions of the Euler equations for incompressible fluids in 3D conserve energy only if they have a certain minimal smoothness, (of order of 1/3 fractional derivatives) and that they dissipate energy if they are rougher. In this paper we prove that energy is conserved for velocities in the function space $B^{1/3}_{3,c(\NN)}$. We show that this space is sharp in a natural sense. We phrase the energy spectrum in terms of the Littlewood-Paley decomposition and show that the energy flux is controlled by local interactions. This locality is shown to hold also for the helicity flux; moreover, every weak solution of the Euler equations that belongs to $B^{2/3}_{3,c(\NN)}$ conserves helicity. In contrast, in two dimensions, the strong locality of the enstrophy holds only in the ultraviolet range.

0704.0760

Peter Wagner

A. Abulencia et al. (CDF Collaboration)

Search for Heavy, Long-Lived Particles that Decay to Photons at CDF II

7 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Phys.Rev.Lett.99:121801,2007

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.121801

hep-ex

We present the first search for heavy, long-lived particles that decay to photons at a hadron collider. We use a sample of photon+jet+missing transverse energy events in p-pbar collisions at \sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV taken with the CDF II detector. Candidate events are selected based on the arrival time of the photon at the detector. Using an integrated luminosity of 570 pb-1 of collision data, we observe 2 events, consistent with the background estimate of 1.3+-0.7 events. While our search strategy does not rely on model-specific dynamics, we set cross section limits in a supersymmetric model with \tilde{\chi}_1^0->\gamma\gravitino and place the world-best 95% C.L. lower limit on the \tilde{\chi}_1^0 mass of 101 GeV/c^2 at \tau_{\tilde{\chi}_1^0} = 5 ns.

0704.0761

Jose Vilar

Jose M. G. Vilar and J. Miguel Rubi

Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for free energy calculations

10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.020601

cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph

Extensions of statistical mechanics are routinely being used to infer free energies from the work performed over single-molecule nonequilibrium trajectories. A key element of this approach is the ubiquitous expression dW/dt=\partial H(x,t)/ \partial t which connects the microscopic work W performed by a time-dependent force on the coordinate x with the corresponding Hamiltonian H(x,t) at time t. Here we show that this connection, as pivotal as it is, cannot be used to estimate free energy changes. We discuss the implications of this result for single-molecule experiments and atomistic molecular simulations and point out possible avenues to overcome these limitations.

0704.0762

Yongmei Wang Prof.

Jesse D. Ziebarth, Yongmei Wang, Alexey Polotsky, Mengbo Luo

Dependence of the Critical Adsorption Point on Surface and Sequence Disorders for Self-Avoiding Walks Interacting with a Planar Surface

29 pages, 8 figures

10.1021/ma070235w

cond-mat.stat-mech

The critical adsorption point (CAP) of self-avoiding walks (SAW) interacting with a planar surface with surface disorder or sequence disorder has been studied. We present theoretical equations, based on ones previously developed by Soteros and Whittington (J. Phys. A.: Math. Gen. 2004, 37, R279-R325), that describe the dependence of CAP on the disorders along with Monte Carlo simulation data that are in agreement with the equations. We also show simulation results that deviate from the equations when the approximations used in the theory break down. Such knowledge is the first step toward understanding the correlation of surface disorder and sequence disorder during polymer adsorption.

0704.0763

Daniel Braun

John Martin and Daniel Braun

Coherent control of atomic tunneling

6 pages revtex, 4 figures, extended version including numerical results taking into account higher vibrationnal levels

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 115502 (2008)

10.1088/0953-4075/41/11/115502

quant-ph

We study the tunneling of a two-level atom in a double well potential while the atom is coupled to a single electromagnetic field mode of a cavity. The coupling between internal and external degrees of freedom, due to the mechanical effect on the atom from photon emission into the cavity mode, can dramatically change the tunneling behavior. We predict that in general the tunneling process becomes quasiperiodic. In a certain regime of parameters a collapse and revival of the tunneling occurs. Accessing the internal degrees of freedom of the atom with a laser allows to coherently manipulate the atom position, and in particular to prepare the atom in one of the two wells. The effects described should be observable with atoms in an optical double well trap.

0704.0764

Temo Vekua Dr.

T. Vekua, A. Honecker, H.-J. Mikeska, and F. Heidrich-Meisner

Correlation functions and excitation spectrum of the frustrated ferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain in an external magnetic field

6 pages

Phys. Rev. B 76, 174420 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.174420

cond-mat.str-el

Magnetic field effects on the one-dimensional frustrated ferromagnetic chain are studied by means of effective field theory approaches in combination with numerical calculations utilizing Lanczos diagonalization and the density matrix renormalization group method. The nature of the ground state is shown to change from a spin-density-wave region to a nematic-like one upon approaching the saturation magnetization. The excitation spectrum is analyzed and the behavior of the single spin-flip excitation gap is studied in detail, including the emergent finite-size corrections.

0704.0765

Kevin Parendo

K. H. Sarwa B. Tan, Kevin A. Parendo, and A. M. Goldman

Evidence of Spatially Inhomogeous Pairing on the Insulating Side of a Disorder-Tuned Superconductor-Insulator Transition

Revised title and content/argument. Totals: 4 pages, 3 figures

10.1103/PhysRevB.78.014506

cond-mat.supr-con

Measurements of transport properties of amorphous insulating indium oxide thin films have been interpreted as evidence of the presence of superconducting islands on the insulating side of a disorder-tuned superconductor-insulator transition. Although the films are not granular, the behavior is similar to that observed in granular films. The results support theoretical models in which the destruction of superconductivity by disorder produces spatially inhomogenous pairing with a spectral gap.

0704.0766

Michael Clover

Michael Clover

Local de Broglie-Bohm Trajectories from Entangled Wavefunctions

11 pages, no figures v2: fix minor grammatical infelicities, added some references

quant-ph

We present a local interpretation of what is usually considered to be a nonlocal de Broglie-Bohm trajectory prescription for an entangled singlet state of massive particles. After reviewing various meanings of the term ``nonlocal'', we show that by using appropriately retarded wavefunctions (i.e., the locality loophole) this local model can violate Bell's inequality, without making any appeal to detector inefficiencies. We analyze a possible experimental configuration appropriate to massive two-particle singlet wavefunctions and find that as long as the particles are not ultra-relativistic, a locality loophole exists and Dirac wave(s) can propagate from Alice or Bob's changing magnetic field, through space, to the other detector, arriving before the particle and thereby allowing a local interpretation to the 2-particle de Broglie-Bohm trajectories. We also propose a physical effect due to changing magnetic fields in a Stern-Gerlach EPR setup that will throw away events and create a detector loophole in otherwise perfectly efficient detectors, an effect that is only significant for near-luminal particles that might otherwise close the locality loophole.

0704.0767

B. Scott Gaudi

Andrew Gould (OSU), B. Scott Gaudi (OSU), David P. Bennett (Notre Dame)

Ground-based Microlensing Surveys

8 pages, 4 figures, white paper submitted to the NASA/NSF Exoplanet Task Force

astro-ph

Microlensing is a proven extrasolar planet search method that has already yielded the detection of four exoplanets. These detections have changed our understanding of planet formation ``beyond the snowline'' by demonstrating that Neptune-mass planets with separations of several AU are common. Microlensing is sensitive to planets that are generally inaccessible to other methods, in particular cool planets at or beyond the snowline, very low-mass (i.e. terrestrial) planets, planets orbiting low-mass stars, free-floating planets, and even planets in external galaxies. Such planets can provide critical constraints on models of planet formation, and therefore the next generation of extrasolar planet searches should include an aggressive and well-funded microlensing component. When combined with the results from other complementary surveys, next generation microlensing surveys can yield an accurate and complete census of the frequency and properties of planets, and in particular low-mass terrestrial planets.

0704.0768

Valeri Golev

I. M. Yankulova (1), V. K. Golev (1), K. Jockers (2) ((1) Department of Astronomy, St Kliment Okhridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria (2) Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Germany)

The luminous infrared composite Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7679 through the [O III] 5007 emission line

Accepted for publication in A&A, 9 pages, 6 figures

Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 469, Issue 3, July III 2007, pp.891-898

10.1051/0004-6361:20077440

astro-ph

NGC 7679 is a nearby luminous infrared Sy2 galaxy in which starburst and AGN activities co-exist. The ionization structure is maintained by both the AGN power-law continuum and starburst. The galaxy is a bright X-ray source possessing a low X-ray column density N_H < 4 x 10^20 cm^{-2}. The Compton-thin nature of such unabsorbed objects infers that the simple formulation of the Unified model for SyGs is not applicable in their case. The main goal of this article is to investigate both gas distribution and ionization structure in the circumnuclear region of NGC 7679 in search for the presence of a hidden Sy1 nucleus, using the [O III] 5007 luminosity as a tracer of AGN activity. The [O III] 5007 image of the NGC 7679 shows elliptical isophotes extended along the PA ~ 80 deg in the direction to the counterpart galaxy NGC 7682. The maximum of ionization by the AGN power-law continuum traced by [O III] 5007/Halpha ratio is displaced by ~ 13 arcsec eastward from the nucleus. We conclude that the dust and gas in the high ionization direction has a direct view to the central AGN engine. This possibly results in dust/star-formation decay. A large fraction of the unabsorbed Compton-thin Sy2s with [O III] luminosity > 10^41 erg s^{-1} possesses a hidden AGN source (abridged).

0704.0769

Rajat Bhaduri

Michael Seidl and Rajat K. Bhaduri

The Fermionic Density-functional at Feshbach Resonance

Five pages, one table. accepted for publication in PRA

10.1103/PhysRevA.75.052509

cond-mat.other

We consider a dilute gas of neutral unpolarized fermionic atoms at zero temperature.The atoms interact via a short range (tunable) attractive interaction. We demonstrate analytically a curious property of the gas at unitarity. Namely, the correlation energy of the gas, evaluated by second order perturbation theory, has the same density dependence as the first order exchange energy, and the two almost exactly cancel each other at Feshbach resonance irrespective of the shape of the potential, provided $(\mu r_s) >> 1$. Here $(\mu)^{-1}$ is the range of the two-body potential, and $r_s$ is defined through the number density $n=3/(4\pi r_s^3)$. The implications of this result for universality is discussed.

0704.0770

Francesca Matteucci

Francesca Matteucci

Chemical Evolution

56 pages, Lectures delivered at the XVIII Canarie Winter School on "Emission Lines Universe"

astro-ph

In this series of lectures we first describe the basic ingredients of galactic chemical evolution and discuss both analytical and numerical models. Then we compare model results for the Milky Way, Dwarf Irregulars, Quasars and the Intra-Cluster- Medium with abundances derived from emission lines. These comparisons allow us to put strong constraints on the stellar nucleosynthesis and the mechanisms of galaxy formation.

0704.0771

Mikko Mottonen

Pekko Kuopanportti, Mikko Mottonen, Ville Bergholm, Olli-Pentti Saira, Jun Zhang, and K. Birgitta Whaley

Suppression of 1/f noise in one-qubit systems

8 pages, 7 figures

Phys. Rev. A 77, 032334 (2008)

10.1103/PhysRevA.77.032334

quant-ph

We investigate the generation of quantum operations for one-qubit systems under classical noise with 1/f^\alpha power spectrum, where 2>\alpha > 0. We present an efficient way to approximate the noise with a discrete multi-state Markovian fluctuator. With this method, the average temporal evolution of the qubit density matrix under 1/f^\alpha noise can be feasibly determined from recently derived deterministic master equations. We obtain qubit operations such as quantum memory and the NOT}gate to high fidelity by a gradient based optimization algorithm. For the NOT gate, the computed fidelities are qualitatively similar to those obtained earlier for random telegraph noise. In the case of quantum memory however, we observe a nonmonotonic dependency of the fidelity on the operation time, yielding a natural access rate of the memory.

0704.0772

Sebastien Zimmermann

Sebastien Zimmermann

Stability of a colocated finite volume scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

preprint; 18 pages; no figures

math.NA

We introduce a finite volume scheme for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We use a triangular mesh. The unknowns for the velocity and pressure are both piecewise constant (colocated scheme). We use a projection (fractional-step) method to deal with the incompressibility constraint. We prove that the differential operators in the Navier-Stokes equations and their discrete counterparts share similar properties. In particular, we state an inf-sup (Babuska-Brezzi) condition. We infer from it the stability of the scheme.

0704.0773

Raj Kumar Pan

Raj Kumar Pan and Sitabhra Sinha

Collective behavior of stock price movements in an emerging market

10 pages, 10 figures

Phys. Rev. E 76, 046116 (2007) (9 pages)

10.1103/PhysRevE.76.046116

q-fin.ST cond-mat.other physics.data-an physics.soc-ph

To investigate the universality of the structure of interactions in different markets, we analyze the cross-correlation matrix C of stock price fluctuations in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. We find that this emerging market exhibits strong correlations in the movement of stock prices compared to developed markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This is shown to be due to the dominant influence of a common market mode on the stock prices. By comparison, interactions between related stocks, e.g., those belonging to the same business sector, are much weaker. This lack of distinct sector identity in emerging markets is explicitly shown by reconstructing the network of mutually interacting stocks. Spectral analysis of C for NSE reveals that, the few largest eigenvalues deviate from the bulk of the spectrum predicted by random matrix theory, but they are far fewer in number compared to, e.g., NYSE. We show this to be due to the relative weakness of intra-sector interactions between stocks, compared to the market mode, by modeling stock price dynamics with a two-factor model. Our results suggest that the emergence of an internal structure comprising multiple groups of strongly coupled components is a signature of market development.

0704.0774

Kyle Lane

K. P. Lane, M. E. Gray, A. Aragon-Salamanca, C. Wolf and K. Meisenheimer

Galaxy morphologies and environment in the Abell 901/902 supercluster from COMBO-17

Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 6 figures

Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.378:716-722,2007

10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11809.x

astro-ph

We present a morphological study of galaxies in the A901/902 supercluster from the COMBO-17 survey. A total of 570 galaxies with photometric redshifts in the range 0.155 < z_phot < 0.185 are visually classified by three independent classifiers to M_V=-18. These morphological classifications are compared to local galaxy density, distance from the nearest cluster centre, local surface mass density from weak lensing, and photometric classification. At high local galaxy densities, log(Sigma_10 /Mpc^2) > 1.5, a classical morphology-density relation is found. A correlation is also found between morphology and local projected surface mass density, but no trend is observed with distance to the nearest cluster. This supports the finding that local environment is more important to galaxy morphology than global cluster properties. The breakdown of the morphological catalogue by colour shows a dominance of blue galaxies in the galaxies displaying late-type morphologies and a corresponding dominance of red galaxies in the early-type population. Using the 17-band photometry from COMBO-17, we further split the supercluster red sequence into old passive galaxies and galaxies with young stars and dust according to the prescription of Wolf et al. (2005). We find that the dusty star-forming population describes an intermediate morphological group between late-type and early-type galaxies, supporting the hypothesis that field and group spiral galaxies are transformed into S0s and, perhaps, ellipticals during cluster infall.

0704.0775

Efton Park

Efton Park and Jody Trout

K_0-theory of n-potents in rings and algebras

To appear in the European Journal of Mathematics

math.KT math.RA

http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Let $n \geq 2$ be an integer. An \emph{$n$-potent} is an element $e$ of a ring $R$ such that $e^n = e$. In this paper, we study $n$-potents in matrices over $R$ and use them to construct an abelian group $K_0^n(R)$. If $A$ is a complex algebra, there is a group isomorphism $K_0^n(A) \cong \bigl(K_0(A)\bigr)^{n-1}$ for all $n \geq 2$. However, for algebras over cyclotomic fields, this is not true in general. We consider $K_0^n$ as a covariant functor, and show that it is also functorial for a generalization of homomorphism called an \emph{$n$-homomorphism}.

0704.0776

Alexios D. Klironomos

A. D. Klironomos, Julia S. Meyer, T. Hikihara, K. A. Matveev

Spin coupling in zigzag Wigner crystals

12 pages, 9 figures

Phys. Rev. B 76, 075302 (2007)

10.1103/PhysRevB.76.075302

cond-mat.mes-hall

We consider interacting electrons in a quantum wire in the case of a shallow confining potential and low electron density. In a certain range of densities, the electrons form a two-row (zigzag) Wigner crystal whose spin properties are determined by nearest and next-nearest neighbor exchange as well as by three- and four-particle ring exchange processes. The phase diagram of the resulting zigzag spin chain has regions of complete spin polarization and partial spin polarization in addition to a number of unpolarized phases, including antiferromagnetism and dimer order as well as a novel phase generated by the four-particle ring exchange.

0704.0777

John H. Schwarz

Michael B. Green, Hirosi Ooguri, and John H. Schwarz

Decoupling Supergravity from the Superstring

9 pages

Phys.Rev.Lett.99:041601,2007

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.041601

CALT-68-2636, DAMTP-2007-25, UT-07-11

hep-th

We consider the conditions necessary for obtaining perturbative maximal supergravity in d dimensions as a decoupling limit of type II superstring theory compactified on a (10 -- d)-torus. For dimensions d = 2 and d = 3 it is possible to define a limit in which the only finite-mass states are the 256 massless states of maximal supergravity. However, in dimensions d > 3 there are infinite towers of additional massless and finite-mass states. These correspond to Kaluza--Klein charges, wound strings, Kaluza--Klein monopoles or branes wrapping around cycles of the toroidal extra dimensions. We conclude that perturbative supergravity cannot be decoupled from string theory in dimensions d > 3. In particular, we conjecture that pure N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions is in the Swampland.

0704.0778

Xuhua He

Xuhua He and Jesper Funch Thomsen

Frobenius splitting and geometry of $G$-Schubert varieties

Final version, 44 pages

math.AG math.AC math.RT

http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Let $X$ be an equivariant embedding of a connected reductive group $G$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of positive characteristic. Let $B$ denote a Borel subgroup of $G$. A $G$-Schubert variety in $X$ is a subvariety of the form $\diag(G) \cdot V$, where $V$ is a $B \times B$-orbit closure in $X$. In the case where $X$ is the wonderful compactification of a group of adjoint type, the $G$-Schubert varieties are the closures of Lusztig's $G$-stable pieces. We prove that $X$ admits a Frobenius splitting which is compatible with all $G$-Schubert varieties. Moreover, when $X$ is smooth, projective and toroidal, then any $G$-Schubert variety in $X$ admits a stable Frobenius splitting along an ample divisors. Although this indicates that $G$-Schubert varieties have nice singularities we present an example of a non-normal $G$-Schubert variety in the wonderful compactification of a group of type $G_2$. Finally we also extend the Frobenius splitting results to the more general class of $\mathcal R$-Schubert varieties.

0704.0779

Markos Georganopoulos

Philip B. Graff, Markos Georganopoulos, Eric S. Perlman, Demosthenes Kazanas

High Energy Variability Of Synchrotron-Self Compton Emitting Sources: Why One Zone Models Do Not Work And How We Can Fix It

to appear in the 1st GLAST symposium proceedings

AIP Conf.Proc.921:333-334,2007

10.1063/1.2757338

astro-ph

With the anticipated launch of GLAST, the existing X-ray telescopes, and the enhanced capabilities of the new generation of TeV telescopes, developing tools for modeling the variability of high energy sources such as blazars is becoming a high priority. We point out the serious, innate problems one zone synchrotron-self Compton models have in simulating high energy variability. We then present the first steps toward a multi zone model where non-local, time delayed Synchrotron-self Compton electron energy losses are taken into account. By introducing only one additional parameter, the length of the system, our code can simulate variability properly at Compton dominated stages, a situation typical of flaring systems. As a first application, we were able to reproduce variability similar to that observed in the case of the puzzling `orphan' TeV flares that are not accompanied by a corresponding X-ray flare.

0704.0780

Felix Liang

J. F. Liang, D. Shapira, J. R. Beene, C. J. Gross, R. L. Varner, A. Galindo-Uribarri, J. Gomez del Campo, P. A. Hausladen, P. E. Mueller, D. W. Stracener, H. Amro, J. J. Kolata, J. D. Bierman, A. L. Caraley, K. L. Jones, Y. Larochelle, W. Loveland, D. Peterson

Fusion of radioactive $^{132}$Sn with $^{64}$Ni

9 pages, 11 figures

Phys.Rev.C75:054607,2007

10.1103/PhysRevC.75.054607

nucl-ex

Evaporation residue and fission cross sections of radioactive $^{132}$Sn on $^{64}$Ni were measured near the Coulomb barrier. A large sub-barrier fusion enhancement was observed. Coupled-channel calculations including inelastic excitation of the projectile and target, and neutron transfer are in good agreement with the measured fusion excitation function. When the change in nuclear size and shift in barrier height are accounted for, there is no extra fusion enhancement in $^{132}$Sn+$^{64}$Ni with respect to stable Sn+$^{64}$Ni. A systematic comparison of evaporation residue cross sections for the fusion of even $^{112-124}$Sn and $^{132}$Sn with $^{64}$Ni is presented.

0704.0781

Alison Hatt

Alison J. Hatt and Nicola A. Spaldin

Tri-layer superlattices: A route to magnetoelectric multiferroics?

10 pages, 3 figures; references added, and minor editorial changes made

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 242916 (2007)

10.1063/1.2748855

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

We explore computationally the formation of tri-layer superlattices as an alternative approach for combining ferroelectricity with magnetism to form magnetoelectric multiferroics. We find that the contribution to the superlattice polarization from tri-layering is small compared to typical polarizations in conventionalferroelectrics, and the switchable ferroelectric component is negligible. In contrast, we show that epitaxial strain and ``negative pressure'' can yield large, switchable polarizations that are compatible with the coexistence of magnetism, even in materials with no active ferroelectric ions.

0704.0782

Oliver Rinne

Oliver Rinne, Lee Lindblom and Mark A. Scheel

Testing outer boundary treatments for the Einstein equations

Modified to agree with version accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav

Class.Quant.Grav.24:4053-4078,2007

10.1088/0264-9381/24/16/006

gr-qc

Various methods of treating outer boundaries in numerical relativity are compared using a simple test problem: a Schwarzschild black hole with an outgoing gravitational wave perturbation. Numerical solutions computed using different boundary treatments are compared to a `reference' numerical solution obtained by placing the outer boundary at a very large radius. For each boundary treatment, the full solutions including constraint violations and extracted gravitational waves are compared to those of the reference solution, thereby assessing the reflections caused by the artificial boundary. These tests use a first-order generalized harmonic formulation of the Einstein equations. Constraint-preserving boundary conditions for this system are reviewed, and an improved boundary condition on the gauge degrees of freedom is presented. Alternate boundary conditions evaluated here include freezing the incoming characteristic fields, Sommerfeld boundary conditions, and the constraint-preserving boundary conditions of Kreiss and Winicour. Rather different approaches to boundary treatments, such as sponge layers and spatial compactification, are also tested. Overall the best treatment found here combines boundary conditions that preserve the constraints, freeze the Newman-Penrose scalar Psi_0, and control gauge reflections.

0704.0783

Sebastien Zimmermann

Sebastien Zimmermann

Stability of a finite volume scheme for the incompressible fluids

preprint; 14 pages; no figures

math.NA

We introduce a finite volume scheme for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We use a triangular mesh. The unknowns for the velocity and pressure are respectively piecewise constant and affine. We use a projection method to deal with the incompressibility constraint. We show that the differential operators in the Navier-Stokes equations and their discrete counterparts share similar properties. In particular we state an inf-sup (Babuska-Brezzi) condition. Using these properties we infer the stability of the scheme.

0704.0784

Massimo Bianchi

Massimo Bianchi, Francesco Fucito and Jose F. Morales

D-brane Instantons on the T^6/Z_3 orientifold

31 pages, no figures

JHEP0707:038,2007

10.1088/1126-6708/2007/07/038

hep-th

We give a detailed microscopic derivation of gauge and stringy instanton generated superpotentials for gauge theories living on D3-branes at Z_3-orientifold singularities. Gauge instantons are generated by D(-1)-branes and lead to Affleck, Dine and Seiberg (ADS) like superpotentials in the effective N=1 gauge theories with three generations of bifundamental and anti/symmetric matter. Stringy instanton effects are generated by Euclidean ED3-branes wrapping four-cycles on T^6/\Z_3. They give rise to Majorana masses in one case and non-renormalizable superpotentials for the other cases. Finally we determine the conditions under which ADS like superpotentials are generated in N=1 gauge theories with adjoints, fundamentals, symmetric and antisymmetric chiral matter.

0704.0785

Viviane Turq

Viviane Turq (LTDS), Julien Fontaine (LTDS), Jean-Luc Loubet (LTDS), Denis Mazuyer (LTDS)

Viscoplastic Properties and Tribological Behavior of Diamond-Like Carbon Films Using Nanoindentation and Nanoscratch Tests

Conference was held in Kobe, JAPAN 29th of May to 2nd of June 2005

Synopses of the International Tribology Conference (ITC) Kobe, 2005 (29/05/2005) A-39

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films have been shown to demonstrate various tribological behaviors: in ultra-high vacuum (UHV), with either friction coefficients as low as 0.01 or less and very mild wear, or very high friction coefficients (>0.4) and drastic wear. These behaviors depend notably on gaseous environment, hydrogen content of the film [1], and on its viscoplastic properties [2,3]. A relation between superlow friction in UHV and viscoplasticity has indeed been established for a-C:H films and confirmed for a fluorinated sample (a-C:F:H). In this study, nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests were conducted in ambient air, using a nanoindentation apparatus, in order to evaluate tribological behaviors, as well as mechanical and viscoplastic properties of different amorphous carbon films.

0704.0786

Patricia Ball

Patricia Ball

Implication of the D^0 Width Difference On CP-Violation in D^0-\bar D^0 Mixing

9 pages; typos removed

J.Phys.G34:2199-2206,2007

10.1088/0954-3899/34/10/009

IPPP/07/10

hep-ph

Both BaBar and Belle have found evidence for a non-zero width difference in the $D^0$-$\bar D^0$ system. Although there is no direct experimental evidence for CP-violation in $D$ mixing (yet), we show that the measured values of the width difference $y\sim \Delta\Gamma$ already imply constraints on the CP-violating phase in $D$ mixing, which, if significantly different from zero, would be an unambiguous signal of new physics.

0704.0787

Sebastien Zimmermann

Sebastien Zimmermann

Convergence of a finite volume scheme for the incompressible fluids

preprint; 19 pages; no figures

math.NA

We consider a finite volume scheme for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We use a triangular mesh. The unknowns for the velocity and pressure are respectively piecewise constant and affine. We use a projection method to deal with the incompressibility constraint. In a former paper, the stability of the scheme has been proven. We infer from it its convergence.

0704.0788

Kerry Soileau

Kerry M. Soileau

Optimal Synthesis of Multiple Algorithms

cs.DS cs.PF

In this paper we give a definition of "algorithm," "finite algorithm," "equivalent algorithms," and what it means for a single algorithm to dominate a set of algorithms. We define a derived algorithm which may have a smaller mean execution time than any of its component algorithms. We give an explicit expression for the mean execution time (when it exists) of the derived algorithm. We give several illustrative examples of derived algorithms with two component algorithms. We include mean execution time solutions for two-algorithm processors whose joint density of execution times are of several general forms. For the case in which the joint density for a two-algorithm processor is a step function, we give a maximum-likelihood estimation scheme with which to analyze empirical processing time data.

0704.0789

Nicole Silvestri

Nicole M. Silvestri(1), Mara P. Lemagie(1), Suzanne L. Hawley(1), Andrew A. West(2), Gary D. Schmidt(3), James Liebert(3), Paula Szkody(1), Lee Mannikko(1), Michael A. Wolfe(1), J. C. Barentine(4), Howard J. Brewington(4), Michael Harvanek(4), Jurik Krzesinski(5), Dan Long(4), Donald P. Schneider(6), and Stephanie A. Snedden(4) ((1) University of Washington; (2) University of California, Berkeley; (3) University of Arizona and Steward Observatory; (4) Apache Point Observatory; (5) Mt. Suhora Observatory, Cracow Pedagogical University; (6) Penn State University)

New Close Binary Systems from the SDSS-I (Data Release Five) and the Search for Magnetic White Dwarfs in Cataclysmic Variable Progenitor Systems

25 pages. 8 full size figures (.eps) and 2 complete tables (.tex) are available at http://www.astro.washington.edu/nms/papers/WDM/dr5/ . Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

Astron.J.134:741-748,2007

10.1086/519242

astro-ph

We present the latest catalog of more than 1200 spectroscopically-selected close binary systems observed with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey through Data Release Five. We use the catalog to search for magnetic white dwarfs in cataclysmic variable progenitor systems. Given that approximately 25% of cataclysmic variables contain a magnetic white dwarf, and that our large sample of close binary systems should contain many progenitors of cataclysmic variables, it is quite surprising that we find only two potential magnetic white dwarfs in this sample. The candidate magnetic white dwarfs, if confirmed, would possess relatively low magnetic field strengths (B_WD < 10 MG) that are similar to those of intermediate-Polars but are much less than the average field strength of the current Polar population. Additional observations of these systems are required to definitively cast the white dwarfs as magnetic. Even if these two systems prove to be the first evidence of detached magnetic white dwarf + M dwarf binaries, there is still a large disparity between the properties of the presently known cataclysmic variable population and the presumed close binary progenitors.

0704.0790

Ruth Durrer

Marcus Ruser and Ruth Durrer

Dynamical Casimir effect for gravitons in bouncing braneworlds

40 pages, 34 figures, improved and extended version, matches published version

Phys.Rev.D76:104014,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.76.104014

hep-th astro-ph hep-ph

We consider a two-brane system in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. We study particle creation due to the motion of the physical brane which first approaches the second static brane (contraction) and then recedes from it(expansion). The spectrum and the energy density of the generated gravitons are calculated. We show that the massless gravitons have a blue spectrum and that their energy density satisfies the nucleosynthesis bound with very mild constraints on the parameters. We also show that the Kaluza-Klein modes cannot provide the dark matter in an anti-de-Sitter braneworld. However, for natural choices of parameters, backreaction from the Kaluza-Klein gravitons may well become important. The main findings of this work have been published in the form of a Letter [R. Durrer and M. Ruser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 071601 (2007), arXiv:0704.0756].

0704.0791

Vladimir Avila-Reese

J. I. Cabrera (1), C. Firmani (2,1), V. Avila-Reese (1), G. Ghirlanda (2), G. Ghisellini (2), L. Nava (2,3) ((1)U.N.A.M., (2)INAF-OAB, (3)Univ. Insubria)

Spectral analysis of Swift long GRBs with known redshift

16 pages. To appear in MNRAS. Minor changes were introduced in this last version

Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.382:342-355, 2007

10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12374.x

astro-ph

We study the spectral and energetics properties of 47 long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshift, all of them detected by the Swift satellite. Due to the narrow energy range (15-150 keV) of the Swift-BAT detector, the spectral fitting is reliable only for fitting models with 2 or 3 parameters. As high uncertainty and correlation among the errors is expected, a careful analysis of the errors is necessary. We fit both the power law (PL, 2 parameters) and cut--off power law (CPL, 3 parameters) models to the time-integrated spectra of the 47 bursts, and present the corresponding parameters, their uncertainties, and the correlations among the uncertainties. The CPL model is reliable only for 29 bursts for which we estimate the nuf_nu peak energy Epk. For these GRBs, we calculate the energy fluence and the rest- frame isotropic-equivalent radiated energy, Eiso, as well as the propagated uncertainties and correlations among them. We explore the distribution of our homogeneous sample of GRBs on the rest-frame diagram E'pk vs Eiso. We confirm a significant correlation between these two quantities (the "Amati" relation) and we verify that, within the uncertainty limits, no outliers are present. We also fit the spectra to a Band model with the high energy power law index frozen to -2.3, obtaining a rather good agreement with the "Amati" relation of non-Swift GRBs.

0704.0792

Mark R. Krumholz

Mark R. Krumholz and Todd A. Thompson (Princeton University)

The Relationship Between Molecular Gas Tracers and Kennicutt-Schmidt Laws

Accepted to ApJ. 11 pages, 4 figures, emulateapj format. This version has some additional models exploring the effects of varying metallicity and temperature. The conclusions are unchanged

10.1086/521642

astro-ph

We provide a model for how Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) laws, which describe the correlation between star formation rate and gas surface or volume density, depend on the molecular line chosen to trace the gas. We show that, for lines that can be excited at low temperatures, the KS law depends on how the line critical density compares to the median density in a galaxy's star-forming molecular clouds. High critical density lines trace regions with similar physical properties across galaxy types, and this produces a linear correlation between line luminosity and star formation rate. Low critical density lines probe regions whose properties vary across galaxies, leading to a star formation rate that varies superlinearly with line luminosity. We show that a simple model in which molecular clouds are treated as isothermal and homogenous can quantitatively reproduce the observed correlations between galactic luminosities in far infrared and in the CO(1->0) and HCN(1->0) lines, and naturally explains why these correlations have different slopes. We predict that IR-line luminosity correlations should change slope for galaxies in which the median density is close to the line critical density. This prediction may be tested by observations of lines such as HCO^+(1->0) with intermediate critical densities, or by HCN(1->0) observations of intensely star-forming high redshift galaxies with very high densities. Recent observations by Gao et al. hint at just such a change in slope. We argue that deviations from linearity in the HCN(1->0)-IR correlation at high luminosity are consistent with the assumption of a constant star formation efficiency.

0704.0793

Yungui Gong

Yungui Gong and Anzhong Wang

Friedmann Equations and Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizons

no figures, V2: re-organized and re-writtend, main results and conclusion unchanged, Phys. Rev. Lett. in press

Phys.Rev.Lett.99:211301,2007

10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.211301

hep-th astro-ph gr-qc

With the help of a masslike function which has dimension of energy and equals to the Misner-Sharp mass at the apparent horizon, we show that the first law of thermodynamics of the apparent horizon $dE=T_AdS_A$ can be derived from the Friedmann equation in various theories of gravity, including the Einstein, Lovelock, nonlinear, and scalar-tensor theories. This result strongly suggests that the relationship between the first law of thermodynamics of the apparent horizon and the Friedmann equation is not just a simple coincidence, but rather a more profound physical connection.

0704.0794

Adrienne Erickcek

Adrienne L. Erickcek (1), Paul J. Steinhardt (2), Dan McCammon (3), Patrick C. McGuire (4)((1)Caltech, (2)Princeton University, (3)University of Wisconsin, (4)Washington University)

Constraints on the Interactions between Dark Matter and Baryons from the X-ray Quantum Calorimetry Experiment

15 pages, 9 figures. Extended discussion of methodology, to appear in PRD

Phys.Rev.D76:042007,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.76.042007

astro-ph

Although the rocket-based X-ray Quantum Calorimetry (XQC) experiment was designed for X-ray spectroscopy, the minimal shielding of its calorimeters, its low atmospheric overburden, and its low-threshold detectors make it among the most sensitive instruments for detecting or constraining strong interactions between dark matter particles and baryons. We use Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the precise limits the XQC experiment places on spin-independent interactions between dark matter and baryons, improving upon earlier analytical estimates. We find that the XQC experiment rules out a wide range of nucleon-scattering cross sections centered around one barn for dark matter particles with masses between 0.01 and 10^5 GeV. Our analysis also provides new constraints on cases where only a fraction of the dark matter strongly interacts with baryons.

0704.0795

Christopher Aubin

C. Aubin and C. Bernard

Heavy-Light Semileptonic Decays in Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory

53 pages, 8 figures, v2: Minor correction to the section on finite volume effects, and typos fixed. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

Phys.Rev.D76:014002,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.76.014002

CU-TP-1177

hep-lat

We calculate the form factors for the semileptonic decays of heavy-light pseudoscalar mesons in partially quenched staggered chiral perturbation theory (\schpt), working to leading order in $1/m_Q$, where $m_Q$ is the heavy quark mass. We take the light meson in the final state to be a pseudoscalar corresponding to the exact chiral symmetry of staggered quarks. The treatment assumes the validity of the standard prescription for representing the staggered ``fourth root trick'' within \schpt by insertions of factors of 1/4 for each sea quark loop. Our calculation is based on an existing partially quenched continuum chiral perturbation theory calculation with degenerate sea quarks by Becirevic, Prelovsek and Zupan, which we generalize to the staggered (and non-degenerate) case. As a by-product, we obtain the continuum partially quenched results with non-degenerate sea quarks. We analyze the effects of non-leading chiral terms, and find a relation among the coefficients governing the analytic valence mass dependence at this order. Our results are useful in analyzing lattice computations of form factors $B\to\pi$ and $D\to K$ when the light quarks are simulated with the staggered action.

0704.0796

Stephen Adler

Stephen L. Adler

A density tensor hierarchy for open system dynamics: retrieving the noise

TeX, 58 pages v2: minor editing and typos corrected; v3: some significant revisions and shortening; v4: has final corrections in published version

J.Phys.A40:8959-8990,2007

10.1088/1751-8113/40/30/020

quant-ph astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-ph math-ph math.MP

We introduce a density tensor hierarchy for open system dynamics, that recovers information about fluctuations lost in passing to the reduced density matrix. For the case of fluctuations arising from a classical probability distribution, the hierarchy is formed from expectations of products of pure state density matrix elements, and can be compactly summarized by a simple generating function. For the case of quantum fluctuations arising when a quantum system interacts with a quantum environment in an overall pure state, the corresponding hierarchy is defined as the environmental trace of products of system matrix elements of the full density matrix. Only the lowest member of the quantum noise hierarchy is directly experimentally measurable. The unit trace and idempotence properties of the pure state density matrix imply descent relations for the tensor hierarchies, that relate the order $n$ tensor, under contraction of appropriate pairs of tensor indices, to the order $n-1$ tensor. As examples to illustrate the classical probability distribution formalism, we consider a quantum system evolving by It\^o stochastic and by jump process Schr\"odinger equations. As examples to illustrate the corresponding trace formalism in the quantum fluctuation case, we consider collisional Brownian motion of an infinite mass Brownian particle, and the weak coupling Born-Markov master equation. In different specializations, the latter gives the hierarchies generalizing the quantum optical master equation and the Caldeira--Leggett master equation. As a further application of the density tensor, we contrast stochastic Schr\"odinger equations that reduce and that do not reduce the state vector, and discuss why a quantum system coupled to a quantum environment behaves like the latter.

0704.0797

Roland Haas

Roland Haas

Scalar self-force on eccentric geodesics in Schwarzschild spacetime: a time-domain computation

18 pages, 18 figures, RevTeX4 some typos fixed, published version

Phys.Rev.D75:124011,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.75.124011

gr-qc

We calculate the self-force acting on a particle with scalar charge moving on a generic geodesic around a Schwarzschild black hole. This calculation requires an accurate computation of the retarded scalar field produced by the moving charge; this is done numerically with the help of a fourth-order convergent finite-difference scheme formulated in the time domain. The calculation also requires a regularization procedure, because the retarded field is singular on the particle's world line; this is handled mode-by-mode via the mode-sum regularization scheme first introduced by Barack and Ori. This paper presents the numerical method, various numerical tests, and a sample of results for mildly eccentric orbits as well as ``zoom-whirl'' orbits.

0704.0798

Donald M. Davis

Donald M. Davis and Mark Mahowald

Nonimmersions of RP^n implied by tmf, revisited

35 pages; author produced PDF available at http://www.lehigh.edu/~dmd1/overlook4.pdf

math.AT

In a 2002 paper, the authors and Bruner used the new spectrum tmf to obtain some new nonimmersions of real projective spaces. In this note, we complete/correct two oversights in that paper. The first is to note that in that paper a general nonimmersion result was stated which yielded new nonimmersions for RP^n with n as small as 48, and yet it was stated there that the first new result occurred when n=1536. Here we give a simple proof of those overlooked results. Secondly, we fill in a gap in the proof of the 2002 paper. There it was claimed that an axial map f must satisfy f^*(X)=X_1+X_2. We realized recently that this is not clear. However, here we show that it is true up multiplication by a unit in the appropriate ring, and so we retrieve all the nonimmersion results claimed in the original paper. Finally, we present a complete determination of tmf^{8*}(RP^\infty\times RP^\infty) and tmf^*(CP^\infty\times CP^\infty) in positive dimensions.

0704.0799

Ruxandra Bondarescu

Ruxandra Bondarescu, Saul A. Teukolsky and Ira Wasserman (Cornell University)

Spin Evolution of Accreting Neutron Stars: Nonlinear Development of the R-mode Instability

18 pages, 9 figures. Error Corrected. Includes referee input. Corrected References

Phys.Rev.D76:064019,2007

10.1103/PhysRevD.76.064019

astro-ph gr-qc

The nonlinear saturation of the r-mode instability and its effects on the spin evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) are modeled using the triplet of modes at the lowest parametric instability threshold. We solve numerically the coupled equations for the three mode amplitudes in conjunction with the spin and temperature evolution equations. We observe that very quickly the mode amplitudes settle into quasi-stationary states. Once these states are reached, the mode amplitudes can be found algebraically and the system of equations is reduced from eight to two equations: spin and temperature evolution. Eventually, the system may reach thermal equilibrium and either (1) undergo a cyclic evolution with a frequency change of at most 10%, (2) evolve toward a full equilibrium state in which the accretion torque balances the gravitational radiation emission, or (3) enter a thermogravitational runaway on a very long timescale of about $10^6$ years. Alternatively, a faster thermal runaway (timescale of about 100 years) may occur. The sources of damping considered are shear viscosity, hyperon bulk viscosity and boundary layer viscosity. We vary proprieties of the star such as the hyperon superfluid transition temperature T_c, the fraction of the star that is above the threshold for direct URCA reactions, and slippage factor, and map the different scenarios we obtain to ranges of these parameters. For all our bound evolutions the r-mode amplitude remains small $\sim 10^{-5}$. The spin frequency is limited by boundary layer viscosity to $\nu_{max} \sim 800 Hz [S_{ns}/(M_{1.4} R_6)]^{4/11} T_8^{-2/11}$. We find that for $\nu > 700$ Hz the r-mode instability would be active for about 1 in 1000 LMXBs and that only the gravitational waves from LMXBs in the local group of galaxies could be detected by advanced LIGO interferometers.

0704.0800

Tad Hogg

Tad Hogg, Pavithra Harsha and Kay-Yut Chen

Quantum Auctions

38 pages, 3 figures

Intl. J. of Quantum Information 5:751-780 (2007)

quant-ph

We present a quantum auction protocol using superpositions to represent bids and distributed search to identify the winner(s). Measuring the final quantum state gives the auction outcome while simultaneously destroying the superposition. Thus non-winning bids are never revealed. Participants can use entanglement to arrange for correlations among their bids, with the assurance that this entanglement is not observable by others. The protocol is useful for information hiding applications, such as partnership bidding with allocative externality or concerns about revealing bidding preferences. The protocol applies to a variety of auction types, e.g., first or second price, and to auctions involving either a single item or arbitrary bundles of items (i.e., combinatorial auctions). We analyze the game-theoretical behavior of the quantum protocol for the simple case of a sealed-bid quantum, and show how a suitably designed adiabatic search reduces the possibilities for bidders to game the auction. This design illustrates how incentive rather that computational constraints affect quantum algorithm choices.